OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kerem Altiparmak

Kerem Altiparmak is a Turkish legal professor, human rights activist, and one of the founders of the Freedom of Expression Association. He is also a member of the Ankara Bar association and is a consultant for the International Commission of Jurists.
Altiparmak previously served as director of the Human Rights Centre of Ankara University. He is a frequent contributor to human rights NGOs and has received both the Columbia Global Freedom of Expression Award in 2016 and the Franco-German Prize for Human Rights & the Rule of Law in 2017.
# Tellef

Tellef is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Tellef Inge Mørland (born 1980), Norwegian politician
* Tellef Øgrim (born 1958), Norwegian fretless guitarist, composer and journalist
* Tellef Dahll Schweigaard (1806–1886), Norwegian politician
* Tellef Wagle (1883–1957), Norwegian sailor
# Tellaro

Tellaro is a small fishing village, perched on a cliff on the east coast of the Gulf of La Spezia in Liguria, northern Italy. It is a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Lerici. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Tellaro has been the destination for many Italian and foreign artists. Mario Soldati made it his home in the last years of his life. Tellaro is one of the seaside villages that annually participate in the Palio del Golfo, an annual boat race held in the gulf of La Spezia.

## History

* 1152: Tellora and Lerici are part of the Republic of Genoa.
* The church of Saint George (named after the Christian matyr who triumphed over the dragon) was built between 1564 and 1584 as a fortification for the town to help protect against the constant incursions of the Saracens, the Catalans and local raiders.

## Culture

Among the festivals of particular interest is the underwater Christmas celebrating the birth of Jesus on Christmas night. Every year the statue of the baby Jesus emerges from the water carried by a group of divers and placed in the manger, in a setting of over 8,000 candles and celebrated by fireworks over the sea. The patron saint of Tellaro is St. George, which is celebrated on the 23rd of April. The "Festival of the Octopus", which takes place every year on the second Sunday in August, organized by the Unione Sportiva active in the Ligurian village.
There are many legends about Tellaro. The most famous tells the story an attack by Saracen pirates in the Middle Ages. The village was saved by a giant octopus that warned the population by climbing up the church tower and ringing the bells.

## Popular culture

The 2021 animated film Luca was primarily based on the nearby Cinque Terre towns, however the Pixar animation team visited Tellaro in addition and drew inspiration from it for the film.
# Keyword density

Keyword density is the percentage of times a keyword or phrase appears on a web page compared to the total number of words on the page. In the context of search engine optimization, keyword density can be used to determine whether a web page is relevant to a specified keyword or keyword phrase.
In the late 1990s, the early days of search engines, keyword density was an important factor in page ranking. However, as webmasters discovered how to implement optimum keyword density, search engines began giving priority to other factors beyond the direct control of webmasters. Today, the overuse of keywords, a practice called keyword stuffing, will cause a web page to be penalized.
The formula to calculate your keyword density on a web page for SEO purposes is $(Nkr/Tkn)*100$, where Nkr is how many times you repeated a specific keyword, and Tkn the total words in the analyzed text. The result is a keyword density value. When calculating keyword density, ignore html tags and other embedded tags which will not appear in the text of the page once published.
When calculating the density of a keyword phrase, the formula would be $(Nkr*Nwp/Tkn)*100$, where Nwp is the number of words in the phrase. So, for example, for a four-hundred word page about search engine optimization where "search engine optimization" is used four times, the keyword phrase density is (4*3/400)*100 or 3 percent.
From a mathematical viewpoint, the original concept of keyword density refers to the frequency (Nkr) of appearance of a keyword in a dissertation. A "keyword" consisting of multiple terms, e.g. "blue suede shoes," is an entity in itself. T frequency of the phrase "blue suede shoes" within a dissertation drives the key(phrase) density. It is "more" mathematically correct for a "keyphrase" to be calculated just like the original calculation, but considering the word group, "blue suede shoes," as a single appearance, not three:
Density = ( Nkr / Tkn ) * 100.
'Keywords' (kr) that consist of several words artificially inflate the total word count of the dissertation. The purest mathematical representation should adjust the total word count (Tkn) lower by removing the excess key(phrase) word counts from the total:
Density = ( Nkr / ( Tkn -( Nkr * ( Nwp-1 ) ) ) ) * 100. where Nwp = the number of terms in the keyphrase.
# Irma Benčić

Irma Benčić was a Croat partisan and anti-fascist. She was active in the Istrian resistance movement against an occupying German army during World War II. Benčić was killed in March 1945 by the Germans; her efforts to liberate Istra are commemorated by a memorial park in her name.

## Biography

Irma Benčić was a native of Istria Province, part of modern-day Croatia; during Irma's lifetime, the province was part of Yugoslavia. When Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia in 1940, a resistance movement, later widely referred to as the NOP (hr), was formed in Istria to oppose the German occupiers of the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. Benčić joined the partisans during the conflict, actively resisting against the Germans. She was killed by the German army on the night of 1 March 1945 in Novigrad, two months before the city was liberated by the advancing Yugoslav army.
# Irma Björck

Irma Lovisa Björck née Krook (1898–1993) was a Swedish mezzo-soprano opera and operetta singer. After training under Thekla Hofer and Gertrud Grubbstrom-Gronberg, with a year at the Royal Swedish Opera School, she made her début in 1925 at the Royal Swedish Opera as Nancy in Friedrich von Flotow's comic opera Martha. She performed regularly at the Royal Theatre until 1949. She was also successful as a concert performer. In 1918, Björck became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.

## Biography

Born in Stockholm on 14 December 1898, Irma Lovisa Krook was the daughter of the merchant Nils P. Krook and his wife Anna née Jacobsson. From 1816, she studied voice in Stockholm under Thekla Hofer, Gertrud Grubbstrom-Gronberg and Sigrid Terlizzi before spending a year at the Royal Swedish Opera School (1925-26). In 1918 she married Gunnar Björck, an army officer.
After making her début in Stockholm in 1925, as Nancy in Flowtow's Martha, she received an engagement with the Royal Opera the following year where she performed regularly until 1949. Her repertoire included both mezzo-soprano and dramatic soprano roles. Björck is remembered above all for her Wagnerian roles. They included Venus and Elisabeth in Tannhäuser, Brangäne in Tristan und Isolde and Brunhild in the Ring. She also played Verdi's Maddalena in Rigoletto, Eboli in Don Carlos and Amneris in Aida. In 1929, she took part in the Swedish première of Natanael Berg's Engelbrekt and in 1930 in the title role of Fried Walter's Drottning Elisabet. She performed as a guest in London, Copenhagen, Helsinki and Barcelona, singing Leonore in Fidelio, the title role in Tosca, Marina in Boris Godunov and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier. Her operetta roles included Offenbach's Eurydice, Hélène and Fragoletto, as well as Franz von Suppé's Boccaccio and Emmerich Kálmán's Csárdásfürstin. She was also a great success when giving concerts.
Irma Björck died in Stockholm on 25 January 1993.

## Awards

In 1940, she received the Litteris et Artibus for her contribution to Swedish culture and in 1943 was awarded the title of "hovsängerska" (court singer).
# High as a Kite

High as a Kite is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band St. Johnny.

## Reception

Editors at AllMusic Guide rated this album three out of five stars, with critic Nitsuh Abebe noting the lack of production and polish on the album, which could be an asset for listeners who prefer that sound, but the quality is still as high as their other releases and will be interesting for fans of their later releases. Andrew Earles highlighted this album in Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981-1996, calling this "straight-ahead but excellent Sonic-Youth-meets-Pavement-meets-Dinosaur, Jr. indie mope-rock". In an overview of the band's career for Trouser Press, Deborah Sprague considers the band's early recordings "less nihilistic than they are just plain bored" and notes that the band's sound improved after signing to DGC.

## Track listing

All songs written by Jim Elliott, Tom Leonard, Wayne Letitia, and Bill Whitten
* "Go to Sleep – 3:44
* "God in My Head – 3:55
* "Highway – 3:45
* "Velocity – 3:40
* "My Father's Father – 3:36
* "Matador – 3:29
* "Black – 3:46
* "Stupid – 3:16
* "High as a Kite – 3:53
* "Ashes/Slashes – 3:18
* "Unclean" – 9:00

## Personnel

St. Johnny
* Jim Elliott – bass guitar, production
* Tom Leonard – guitar, production
* Wayne Letitia – drums, production
* Bill Whitten – guitar, vocals, production
Additional personnel
* Mike Deming – engineering, saxophone
* Joe Elliott – photography
* Grasshopper – guitar
* Steve Wytas – engineering
# 1889 in France

Events from the year 1889 in France.

## Incumbents

* President: Marie François Sadi Carnot
* President of the Council of Ministers: Charles Floquet (until 22 February), Pierre Tirard (starting 22 February)

## Events

* January – Defense minister Georges Boulanger contemplates a coup but is forced to flee the country.
* 4 February – The Tribunal Civil de la Seine orders the winding up of the Panama Canal Company.
* 31 March – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
* 6 May – Exposition Universelle opens in Paris.
* 28 May – Rubber tyre company Michelin is registered by Édouard and André Michelin.
* 22 September – Legislative election held.
* 6 October
** Legislative election held.
** Moulin Rouge built and opened in Paris.
* 31 October – Exposition Universelle closes.
* The fashion house of Lanvin is established in Paris by Jeanne Lanvin.

## Births
### January to June

* 20 January – Jean Odin, politician (died 1975)
* 2 February – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, general, military hero of World War II (died 1952)
* 24 February – Suzanne Bianchetti, actress (died 1936)
* 17 April – Marcel Boussac, entrepreneur and horse breeder (died 1980)
* 17 May – Marcel Moyse, flautist (died 1984)
* 24 May – Théophile Marie Brébant, military officer (died 1965)
* 13 June – Alfred Janniot, sculptor (died 1969)

### July to December

* 5 July – Jean Cocteau, poet, novelist, dramatist, designer and filmmaker (died 1963)
* 22/23 July – Georges Bonnet, politician (died 1973)
* 7 August
** Georges Thierry d'Argenlieu, Admiral (died 1964)
** Léon Brillouin, physicist (died 1969)
* 15 August – Marthe Richard, prostitute, spy and politician (died 1982)
* 20 October – Suzanne Duchamp, painter (died 1963)
* 25 October – Abel Gance, film director, producer, writer, actor and editor (died 1981)
* 6 November – Gabriel Hanot, soccer player and journalist (died 1968)
* 26 November – Albert Dieudonné, actor, screenwriter, film director and novelist (died 1976)
* 5 December – Marie-Louise Damien, singer and actress (died 1978)
* 7 December – Gabriel Marcel, philosopher (died 1973)
* 17 December – Antoine Béthouart, General (died 1982)

## Deaths

* 23 January – Alexandre Cabanel, painter (born 1823)
* 16 March – Edmond Henri Adolphe Schérer, theologian, critic and politician (born 1815)
* 9 April – Jean-Baptiste Arban, cornetist and conductor (born 1825)
* 20 April – Charles Friedel, chemist and mineralogist (born 1832)
* 23 April – Jules Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, novelist and short story writer (born 1808)
* 24 April - Zulma Carraud, children's author (born 1796)
* 10 July – Joseph Projectus Machebeuf, French-American Catholic missionary and the first Bishop of Denver (born 1812)
* 19 August – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, writer (born 1838)
* 29 September – Louis Faidherbe, general and colonial administrator (born 1818)
* 22 October – Philippe Ricord, physician (born 1800)
* 25 October – Émile Augier, dramatist (born 1820)
* 14 December – Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet, entomologist (born 1807)
* 31 December – Ernest Cosson, botanist (born 1819)
# Gary Pak

Gary Pak (born 1952) is a writer, editor and professor of English at University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Pak has been noted as one of the most important Asian Hawaiian writers.

## Biography

Gary Pak was born and raised in Hawaii. Pak graduated from Boston University with a BA and from University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa with an MA and a PhD. Growing up in Hawaii, Pak said his first language is Pidgin English. "My culture is from Hawaii; my parents’ and grandparents’ generations helped create that culture", he said during an interview with the Magazine of the University of Hawaii.
Some of Pak's novels are based on the true stories from his family. His grandparents fled from Korea during World War II and came to the United States; in 1905, his grandmother worked on a sugarcane plantation at Hawaii. His novel A Ricepaper Airplane is based on an incident related with his mum in the setting of a sugarcane plantation. In his short story collection Language of the Geckos and Other Stories, Pak's memorable portraits of Hawai'i's Korean Americans, Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, and Native Hawaiians increases cross-cultural understanding of Hawaiian life and culture.
Pak was also the producer, play writer and editor of the Olelo Community TV series, Plantation Children: 2nd-generation Koreans in Hawai'i.
Pak was a recipient of Fulbright Fellow.

## Selected works
### Short stories

* "Hae Soon’s Song", appeared in New Press’ anthology
* "Crossing Into America: The New Literature of Immigration"

### Books

* The Watcher of Waipuna, Bamboo Ridge Press, 1992
* A Ricepaper Airplane, University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1998
* Children of a Fireland, University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2004
* Language of the Geckos and Other Stories, University of Washington Press, 2005

### Plays

* Beyond the Falls (children's play)
* Plantation Children: 2nd-generation Koreans in Hawaii (TV series)

## Selected awards

* 1992 Elliot Cades Award for The Watcher of Waipuna
* 2004 Honorable Mention in the Association for Asian American Studies' Book Award in Prose and Poetry for Children of a Fireland
# George Gunn (Canadian politician)

George Gunn (December 11, 1833 – 1901?) was a farmer and political figure in Manitoba who served in the Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia.
He was the son of Donald Gunn, a native of Scotland, and Margaret Swain, of Métis descent. He farmed at Poplar Point. Gunn ran unsuccessfully for the Poplar Point seat in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in 1870, losing to David Spence. He was named a justice of the peace for Marquette County and was elected to the school board for Poplar Point. Gunn is believed to have later moved to Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and married a Métis woman there. He reportedly died there in 1901.
# Unggumi

The Unggumi, also written Ongkomi, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australia.

## Country

Norman Tindale estimated that the Unggumi's traditional territorial lands stretch over some 9,800 square kilometres (3,800 sq mi), centered on the upper limestone range and plateaus in and around the Wunaamin Miliwundi Range. They occupied the area south of the Isdell River gorge, as far as the Lennard River and Chestnut Creek. Their western frontier was around the headwaters of the Robinson River. To the south east, they hunted as far as the Richenda River.

## History

Tindale speculated on the basis of the nuances in their terminology for the cardinal points, that at one time the Unggumi had been a coastal people who had been driven by tribal pressures to seek sanctuary on the hard, inaccessible terrain of the upland ranges. The Ngarinjin lay northeast, the Wurla directly east, the Bunuba south-east the Nyigina directly south, while the Warrwa, and the Umiida lay on their western flank, between them and the sea.

## Alternative names

* Ong Komi
* Wongkomi
* Ongaranjan
* Ungumi, Ungami
* Ngarangari – Ngarinjin exonym meaning 'top-dwelling', referring to their living on the top of the range
* Wunggumic, Ngarangari, Ong, Komi, Wongkami, Wongkomiy (language names)
# Imperialism (disambiguation)

Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending the authority of a country over other countries and people.
Imperialism may also refer to:
* Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, a 1917 book by Lenin
* Imperialism (Hobson book), a 1902 book by John A. Hobson
* Imperialism (speech), a 1900 speech by William Jennings Bryan
* Imperialism (video game), a 1997 turn-based strategy game
* Theory of imperialism, a largely Marxist theory concerning the transfer of profit between countries
# Heimari Dalur

Heimari Dalur is a valley in the Faroe Islands, which lies between the town of Fuglafjørður and the village of Kambsdalur. It is surrounded by the firth in the east, Mount Kambur in the south, Breiðáskarð in the west and Gjógvaráfjall in the north.

## Faroe Island valleys

The valleys of Fuglafjørður can be divided into three categories:
The eastern valleys:
* Ytri Dalur (also called Kambsdalur)
* Heimari Dalur (sometimes called Breiðádalur)
* Innari Dalur (sometimes calles Jøkladalur)
The western valleys:
* Halgadalur
* Góðidalur
The northern valleys:
* Flatirnar
* Hjarðardalur
* This Faroe Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Hedzranawo

Hedzranawo is a town located in the Volta Region of Ghana between Denu and Adafienu.
# Independent Research Fund Denmark

The Independent Research Fund Denmark, until 2017 known as the Danish Council for Independent Research (Danish: Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, formerly Det Frie Forskningsråd; DFF) of Denmark funds basic research and gives advice to government and parliament. The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (DASTI) oversees its activity. As of 2012 the council has five sub-councils: Humanities, Medical Sciences, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Technology and Production Sciences.

## Mission

Independent Research Fund Denmark funds basic research within all scientific areas in a bottom-up manner, i.e. it funds ideas based on the researchers' own initiatives, as opposed to through thematic calls. Research projects which improve the quality and internationalisation of Danish research are prioritised, and the main funding criterion is scientific excellence. The DFF annually awards around 400 research projects of well over 1 billion DKK.

## Organisation

As of 2005, the Danish Research Agency (est. 2004) coordinates the DFF as well as the Danish Council for Strategic Research and the Danish Research Coordination Committee. Independent Research Fund Denmark consists of a Board of Directors, with nine members, and of five scientific research councils:
* Humanities, which covers basic research within all branches of culture, aesthetics, languages, history, and theory of cognition
* Natural Sciences, which covers the natural sciences, computer science and mathematics
* Medical Sciences, which covers basic scientific, clinical and socio-medical research in relation to human health and disease
* Social Sciences, which covers research within economy, sociology, political science, legal theory, and socio-scientific aspects of cross-disciplinary themes
* Technology and Production Sciences, which covers basic research within technology and production sciences

## Funding schemes

As of 2021, the DFF has following major funding schemes, along with some smaller ones:
* Sapere Aude: DFF-Starting Grant, aimed at funding top researchers to build a research group of researchers to carry out research at a high, international level, similarly to the ERC Starting Grant scheme
* Research Project 1 and 2, which fund clear and well-defined research questions. They differ in size: Project 1 supports one applicant, whereas Project 2 supports collaborative projects.
* International Postdoctoral Grant, to fund young researchers for research stays outside of Denmark

## Other

The council signed the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities in November 2011. In 2014 the DFF initiated a controversial "experimental one-year government research-funding scheme specifically for women."
# TBZ

TBZ, tbz, or TbZ can refer to:
* A computer file, the result of tar and bzip2 operations.
* Tetrabenazine, a drug
* Thiabendazole, a parasiticide
* Tabriz International Airport
* Tahnoun bin Zayed Al Nahyan (national security advisor), National Security Advisor of UAE
* The ICAO Airline Designator of Iranian ATA Airlines
# Karangura

The Karangura (Karanguru, Garanguru) were an indigenous Australian people of South Australia.

## Country

In Tindale's schema, the Karanguru were allocated some 3,200 square miles (8,300 km$^2$) of tribal territory, lying south of Alton Downs on the ephemeral watercourse known as Eyre Creek. Their eastern frontier is said to have been at Pandi Pandi. Their southern flank ran as far as the northern edge of Goyder Lagoon. They were also present at the Eleanor River.

## Social organization

The Karanguru were constituted of some 14 hordes.

## Alternative names

* Karangura
* Kararngura
* Kurangooroo
* Andrawilla
# Karani language

Karani may be:
* Caranqui language of Ecuador
* Karan language of Iran
# Kaltbrunn railway station

Kaltbrunn railway station is a railway station situated in the municipality of Kaltbrunn in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is located on the Uznach to Wattwil line, close to the western portal of the 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) long Ricken Tunnel.

## Services

As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Kaltbrunn:
* St. Gallen S-Bahn S4: hourly service between Rapperswil and Sargans via St. Gallen.