# 1889 in Brazil

Events in the year 1889 in Brazil.

## Incumbents
### Federal Government

* Monarch: Pedro II (until 15 November)
* President: Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (de facto, from 15 November)
* Vice-President: none
* Prime Minister:
** João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira (until 7 June)
** Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto (from 7 June to 15 November)
** none (from 15 November)

### Governors

* Alagoas: Government Junta (18 November-21), Tiburcio Valerio de Araujo (21 November-2 December), Pedro Paulino da Fonseca (starting 2 December)
* Amazonas: Government Junta (starting 21 November)
* Bahia: Virginio Climaco Damasio then Manuel Vitorino Pereira
* Ceará: Luis Antonio Ferraz (starting 16 November)
* Goiás: Government Junta (starting 7 December)
* Maranhão:
* Mato Grosso: Antonio Maria Coelho
* Minas Gerais: Antonio Olinto dos Santos Pires
* Pará: Justo Chermont (starting 17 December)
* Paraíba: Venancio Neiva (starting 17 November)
* Paraná: Francisco José Cardoso Júnior then José Marques Guimarães
* Pernambuco: José Cerqueira de Aguiar Lima (16 November-12 December), José Simeão de Oliveira (starting 12 December)
* Piauí: Gregório Taumaturgo de Azevedo (starting 26 December)
* Rio Grande do Norte: Pedro de Albuquerque Maranhão (17 November-6 December), Adolfo Afonso da Silva Gordo (starting 6 December)
* Rio Grande do Sul: Government Junta (starting 17 November)
* Santa Catarina: Lauro Müller (starting 2 December)
* São Paulo: Government Junta (starting 14 December)
* Sergipe: Junta Governativa Sergipana (starting 14 November), Felisbelo Firmo de Oliveira Freire (starting 2 December)

### Vice governors

* Rio Grande do Norte: No vice governor
* São Paulo: No vice governor

## Events
### May

* 3 May – The Cabinet of João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira loses a vote of no confidence.

### June

* 7 June – Afonso Celso de Assis Figuereido, Viscount of Ouro Preto, is appointed to replace Correia de Oliveira as prime minister.

### July

* July – Emperor Dom Pedro II travels to Minas Gerais, demonstrating both that he is still actively engaged in government and the depth of support for the monarchy in the province.

### November

* 11 November – Republicans meet at the home of Rui Barbosa to plan a coup. The chief organizers are Benjamin Constant, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Quintino Bocaiuva and Aristides Lobo.
* 15 November – A coup d'état institutes the First Brazilian Republic.
* 17 November – Emperor Dom Pedro II and his family are sent into exile in Europe.
* 19 November – A new national flag, devised by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, is adopted by the republic.
* 20 November – Argentina becomes the first nation to recognize the new government of Deodoro da Fonseca.

### December

* 24 December – The former royal family receive official notice that they will never be allowed to return to Brazil.

## Arts and culture
### Books

* Osório Duque-Estrada – A Aristocracia do Espírito

## Births

* 2 December – Anita Malfatti, artist (d. 1964)
* unknown date – José Maria de Santo Agostinho, mystic (d. 1912)

## Deaths

* 29 March – Teófilo Dias, poet, journalist and lawyer (b. 1854)
* 26 June – Tobias Barreto, poet, philosopher, jurist and critic (b. 1839)
* 28 June – Francisco Otaviano, poet, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician (b. 1825)
* 21 October – Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá, entrepreneur, industrialist, banker and politician (b. 1813)
* 28 December – Empress Teresa Cristina, wife of Emperor Dom Pedro II (b. 1822)