OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hanks' salts

Hanks' salts is a collective group of salts rich in bicarbonate ions, formulated in 1940 by the microbiologist John H. Hanks. Typically, they are used as a buffer system in cell culture media and aid in maintaining the optimum physiological pH (roughly 7.0–7.4) for cellular growth. Due to their poorly reactive nature and small concentration in solution, Hanks' salts are mainly used in media that are exposed to atmospheric conditions as opposed to CO$_2$ incubation. Performing the latter drastically exceeds the buffer capacity of Hanks' salts and may result in cell death.
The recipe according to AATBIO
Table 1. Required components
| Component | Amount | Concentration |
| NaCl (mw: 58.44 g/mol) | 8 g | 0.14 M |
| KCl (mw: 74.55 g/mol) | 400 mg | 0.005 M |
| CaCl$_2$ (mw: 110.98 g/mol) | 140 mg | 0.001 M |
| MgSO$_4$-7H$_2$O (mw: 246.47 g/mol) | 100 mg | 0.0004 M |
| MgCl$_2$-6H$_2$O (mw: 203.303 g/mol) | 100 mg | 0.0005 M |
| Na$_2$HPO$_4$-2H$_2$O (mw: 177.99 g/mol) | 60 mg | 0.0003 M |
| KH$_2$PO$_4$ (mw: 136.086 g/mol) | 60 mg | 0.0004 M |
| D-Glucose (Dextrose) (mw: 180.156 g/mol) | 1 g | 0.006 M |
| NaHCO$_3$ (mw: 84.01 g/mol) | 350 mg | 0.004 M |
* Prepare 800 mL of distilled water in a suitable container.
* Add 8 g of NaCl to the solution.
* Add 400 mg of KCl to the solution.
* Add 140 mg of CaCl$_2$ to the solution.
* Add 100 mg of MgSO$_4$-7H$_2$O to the solution.
* Add 100 mg of MgCl$_2$-6H$_2$O to the solution.
* Add 60 mg of Na$_2$HPO$_4$-2H$_2$O to the solution.
* Add 60 mg of KH$_2$PO$_4$ to the solution.
* Add 1 g of D-Glucose (Dextrose) to the solution.
* Add 350 mg of NaHCO$_3$ to the solution.
* Add distilled water until volume is 1 L.
# John Thomas (priest, born 1736)

John Thomas (22 October 1736 – 27 March 1769) was a Welsh Anglican priest and antiquarian.

## Life

Thomas was born in Ynyscynhaearn, Caernarfonshire, in north Wales, on 22 October 1736. After studying at the Friars School in Bangor, he went to the University of Oxford, matriculating as a member of Jesus College in 1755. He was ordained in 1760 and became a curate in Holyhead, Anglesey. He did so after spending some time as the under-keeper of the museum in Oxford before finding that his wages were inadequate to match his drinking. In 1761, Thomas became usher at his old school, Friars, thereby also becoming curate of Llandygai. In 1766, he was appointed as deputy to the master of Beaumaris grammar school, with curacies in Llansadwrn and Llandegfan. He died on 27 March 1769 and was buried in Llandegfan.
Thomas was well respected by his contemporaries as a scholar of Welsh and as an antiquarian. He copied old Welsh language manuscripts, but his collection was dispersed after the death of his brother (Richard Thomas) who inherited them. He was the author of the anonymously-written History of the Island of Anglesey (1775). His genealogical account of the Penrhyn and Cochwillan families was used by William Williams in his 1802 Observations on the Snowdon Mountains.
# Verruculogen

Verruculogen is a mycotoxin produced by certain strains of aspergillus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines. It is an annulated analogue of cyclo(L-Trp-L-Pro) which belongs to the most abundant and structurally diverse class of tryptophan-proline 2,5-diketopiperazine natural products. It produces tremors in mice due to its neurotoxic properties. It also tested positive in a Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay and was shown to be genotoxic. It is a potent blocker of calcium-activated potassium channels.

## Synthesis

Both verruculogen and its isoprenyl derivative fumitremorgin A belong to the only family of alkaloids with an eight-membered endoperoxide ring, and both have been synthesised involving ligand-controlled C–H borylation.
# Gabriela (1942 film)

Gabriela is a 1942 Czech drama film directed by Miroslav Josef Krnanský and starring Marie Glázrová, Karel Höger and Vladimír Leraus.
It was made in Prague during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alois Mecera.

## Cast

* Marie Glázrová as Gabriela Tuzarová
* Karel Höger as Petr Tuzar
* Vladimír Leraus as Stepán Tuzar
* Zdeňka Baldová as Zofka
* Jirí Steimar as Michal
* Marie Rosulková as Irena Seborová
* Jindřich Plachta as Kudrna
* Vladimír Salač as Jindrísek
* Theodor as Palous
* Josef Gruss as Carda
* František Filipovský as Frantisek Kalista
* Ada Dohnal as Auditor
* Bohus Záhorský as Auditor
* F. X. Mlejnek as Postman
* Alois Dvorský as Machine-man
* Karel Kolár as Matousek
* Karel Máj as Marek
* Frantisek Lasek as Coffee House Guest
* Milos Subrt as Coffee House Guest
* Slávka Rosenbergová as Coffee House Guest
* Emanuel Kovarík as Pilferer
* Antonín Jirsa as Porter
* Vladimír Stros as Receptionist
* Frantisek Paul as Watchman
* Svetla Svozilová as Annoying Woman
* Ada Karlovský as Party Guest
* Bohumil Langer as Party Guest
* Jaroslav Hladík as Party Guest
* Josef Dvorský as Party Guest
* Jirina Hladikova as Party Guest
* Hugo Huska as Party Guest
* Ema Kubalova as Party Guest
* Milena Velísková as Concert Listener
# Gabriela, giros del destino

Gabriela, giros del destino (Gabriela, Turns of Destiny) is a 2009 Colombian telenovela produced and broadcast by Caracol TV. Before its release, it was known as Nadie rueda como Gabriela Rueda.

## Plot

Gabriela, Destiny rounds Gabriela Rueda (Carolina Gaitán) is a 23-year-old woman from a middle class background, passionate for skating, dreaming of becoming successful in that sport. Pablo Córdoba (Andrés Toro) belongs to a rich family, being son of Efraín (Luis Fernando Múnera), the owner of Malterías Tropical, a big beverage company, living as a womanizer, with nothing to worry about.
Their paths cross each other in the worst way. Gabriela travels to Cartagena, seeking to qualify for the Colombia's national roller skating team. When she is training, Pablo, driving his car after having an argument with his girlfriend Martina (Fiona Horsey), knocks Gabriela down. Pablo takes Gabriela to the hospital, but when he was to be questioned by the police, his family lawyer asks him to leave for the United States. Gabriela, who does not know who knocked her down, recovers but is told that she will never be able to skate again, ruining her dreams of becoming a professional skater, but will later be able to skate.
Six months later, Pablo comes back to Colombia, set to become the manager of the company his father runs. But Efraín decides to make Pablo to work for his company as a common employee for one year, hiding his true origins. Gabriela manages to get a job at Malterías Tropical, where her neighbour Ernesto Zárate (John Álex Toro), who is interested in her, works as an executive. Meanwhile, Verónica Maldonado (Carolina Sepúlveda), who also happened to work at the factory, knows who Pablo really is and feels attracted to him. Pablo tries to vindicate himself with Gabriela, but, unable to tell her he was who knocked her down in Cartagena, ends falling in love with her.
# Gabriela Zavala

Gabriela Denisse Zavala Irías is a Honduran model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented Honduras at Miss World 2008 in Johannesburg, South Africa. She studied and plans to work in Tourism.
She previously competed at Miss Earth 2004, where she placed among the top eight finalists and won Best in National Costume.
# Via Foundation

Via Foundation is an independent Czech foundation. Via Foundation’s vision is a society in which people act freely, work together and accept responsibility for themselves and their communities, and where giving is a regular part of life.
Via Foundation supports people who work collaboratively to improve their communities. Via focuses on two key areas: the art of living together (supporting active citizens) and the art of giving (supporting philanthropy). It also operates a simple and secure online giving tool, Darujme.cz, through which donors have given almost CZK 2 billion to more than 1,000 registered organizations and associations.
Since its founding 26 years ago, Via Foundation has supported more than 8,000 projects. It helps create places across the Czech Republic where it is a joy to live. Places which people take care of, where neighbours work together and improve their surroundings themselves. Places where people get to know each other, offer a helping hand and build trust with one another. Thanks to this support, people are creating community gardens, gazebos, playgrounds and other gathering places in cities and towns, repairing small monuments, restoring traditions and holding dozens of neighbourhood gatherings and festivals.
Via Foundation was established in 1997 as the successor to the Czech branch of the American Foundation for a Civil Society, which had been operating in Czechoslovakia since 1990. It raises funds from individual donors, companies, foundations and from the proceeds of its endowment.
# Gabrielle Scollay

Gabrielle Scollay (born 6 April 1989) is an Australian actress known for the role of Amy in the second season of the television series Blue Water High. She has been involved in many successful film and television projects including Dangerous (2007), Home and Away (2007), A Model Daughter: The Killing of Caroline Byrne (2009), Rescue: Special Ops (2011), and Dance Academy (2012).

## Filmography

* Mrs S as Steph (2017)
* The Hungry Mile: The Heretic music Video (2013)
* Urthboy "Knee Length Socks" Music Video (2012)
* Dance Academy as Lexie (2012)
* Rescue: Special Ops as Kate Marchelo (2011)
* A Model Daughter – The Killing of Caroline Byrne as Deanna Byrne (2009)
* Home and Away as Tamsyn Armstrong (2007)
* Dangerous as Catriona (6 episodes, 2007)
* Blue Water High as Amy (26 episodes, 2006)
# Victanapis

Victanapis is a genus of Australian araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, containing the single species, Victanapis warburton. It was first described by Norman I. Platnick & Raymond Robert Forster in 1989, and has only been found in Victoria, Australia.
# Veselovský

Veselovský (feminine Veselovská) is a Czech and Slovak surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Martin Veselovský (born 1972), Czech presenter
* Peter Veselovský (born 1964), Slovak ice hockey player
* Róbert Veselovský, Slovak footballer
* Zdeněk Veselovský (1928–2006), Czech zoologist
# Gair (film)

Gair is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language action film starring Ajay Devgn, Raveena Tandon, Reena Roy, Amrish Puri and Paresh Rawal, directed by Ashok Gaikwad.

## Plot summary

A child left on the steps of a temple is adopted by a rich man. The child grows up to be rich and successful and generates hatred and envy by others.
Vijay (Ajay Devgan) an illegitimate orphan grows up to be a rich industrialist with his hard work. He falls in love with Madhu (Raveena Tandon) who is retired judge Amarnath's (Satyen Kapoor) only daughter. Their love blossoms. Raja (Ajinkya Deo) who is industrialist Oberoi's (Amrish Puri) son too falls for Madhu, but when Oberoi goes to ask for Madhu's hand he finds out that before him Vijay had approached for Madhu's hand. Oberoi sides Vijay's proposal, in fact Mr. Oberoi always best owed his special liking towards Vijay. He even treated him as his own son. This became the reason of conflict between his wife Sharda (Reena Roy), his brother-in-law (Paresh Rawal), and his son Raja. Vijay was even accused to be the illegitimate son of Mr. Oberoi. Jagat Poisoned Amarnath's mind about getting his daughter married to a bastard. The love of Vijay and Madhu was shattered but Vijay fights for his love.

## Cast

* Ajay Devgn as(dual role)
** Vijay Kumar; Dev and Sharda's son;C.K.'s stepson; Raja's stepbrother; Madhu 's husband; An Angry Young Man
** Dev; Vijay Kumar's Father and Sharda Oberoi's Boyfriend
* Raveena Tondon as Madhu, Vijay Kumar's wife
* Amrish Puri as C.K. Oberoi, Vijay Kumar's Step Father
* Reena Roy as Sharda Oberoi a.k.a. Mrs Oberoi, Vijay Kumar's Mother and C.K. Oberoi's wife
* Paresh Rawal as Jagat mama, Sharda Oberoi's elder brother
* Kiran Kumar as Union Leader Sampat
* Ajinkya Deo as Raja Oberoi, son of C.K.Oberoi; Vijay Kumar 's stepbrother
* Satyen Kappu Retired Judge Amarnath
* Sulabha Deshpande as Kaushalya, Vijay Kumar's Mausi
* Guddi Maruti as Anita Keswani aka Anu, Madhu's Friend
* Rajesh Puri as Vijay Kumar's Manager
* Achyut Potdar as Jagat Mama's Friend
* Saleem Khan Ding Dong as Yokohama
* Khosrow Khalegpanah as College Goon

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack on Audio Cassettes was released in 1995 with its earlier name 'Shaktishaali'. But then CDs were released again at the time of film's release with updated title 'Gair'.
| # | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| 1 | "Tu Aaja Meri Bahon Mein" | Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik | 05:15 |
| 2 | "Mera Dil Meri Jaan" | Udit Narayan, Sadhana Sargam | 04:48 |
| 3 | "Ankhon Mein Mohabbat Hai" | Kumar Sanu, Poornima | 05:09 |
| 4 | "Laila Laila" | Abhijeet, Sapna Mukherjee, Amrish Puri | 05:47 |
| 5 | "Mere Dil Ne Chupke Se" | Kumar Sanu, Kavita Krishnamurthy | 05:38 |
| 6 | "Aaj Ki Raat Naya Geet" | Kumar Sanu, Alka Yagnik | 05:33 |
# Vicia pyrenaica

Vicia pyrenaica, known as Pyrenean vetch, is a species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae. It is grown as an ornamental and is a hardy perennial with compact foliage that produces deep crimson flowers in Summer.
# Gala Suit

Gala Suit (Hungarian: Díszmagyar) is a 1949 Hungarian comedy film directed by Viktor Gertler and starring Gyula Benkö, Zsuzsa Bánki and Iván Darvas. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Pán.

## Synopsis

Budapest university student Lajos discovers that his friends have pawned his only suit, which contains his friend Kitty's bracelet in the pocket. To go and fetch it back he puts on an old costume belonging to his landlady's brother. Out on the streets in this strange attire, he enjoys a series of adventures on the day of a visit by the King of Italy to the Hungarian capital.

## Cast

* Gyula Benkö as Rédey Lajos
* Zsuzsa Bánki as Gohrmann Kitty
* Iván Darvas as Dodo
* Mária Kovács as Kállai Ilonka
* György Solthy as Gohrmann tábornok
* Mária Lázár as Gohrmanné
* György Dénes as Würstler
* László Földényi as Kovács
* József Mátray as báró Kékesy
* Sándor Peti as III. Viktor Emmanuel
* László Keleti as Salgó Izsó
* John Bartha as one of the counts at the ball
* Gyula Farkas (actor) as one of the counts at the ball
# 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF

The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in London, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Middlesex County. After sailing to England in August 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 116th, 125th and 134th Battalions as well as the 8th Reserve Battalion in October 1916. The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. B. Robson.
The 135th (Middlesex) Battalion, CEF was perpetuated by The Middlesex and Huron Regiment which was disbanded in 1946.
# Victoire, Saskatchewan

Victoire is a populated locality in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan near the eastern shore of Morin Lake. Nearby towns include Ormeaux (4.2 km), Pascal (7.6 km), and Eldred (11.3 km).
Victoire is found within the 306 area code.
# 13 Other Dimensions

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Rolling Stone | |
13 Other Dimensions is an album by the American band the Giraffes. It was released through the Seattle label My Own Planet, on CD and vinyl in 1998. It is essentially a solo effort by Chris Ballew (ex-Presidents of the United States of America), recorded in Ballew's basement. The album was published as being a work by a fictional band composed of Ballew's childhood stuffed animals. Ballew's name appears nowhere on the album.
The Giraffes record was the first of a planned series of six made under a volume agreement with Ballew's main label, Columbia; however only two albums were made, the second was released by Orange Recordings. Roni Sarg, in Tucson Weekly's Rhythm and Views section, postulates that the putative stars of the Giraffes were chosen for their "photogenic cuteness".

## Track listing

All tracks written by Chris Ballew
* "Chocolate Dimension" 3:18
* "Lonely Chicken" 3:15
* "Hopeless (Rub It In)" 3:50
* "Every Crocodile" 3:45
* "Comin' Around" 1:41
* "Nothin' 2 Looz" 2:36
* "Brain on Yer Tongue" 3:02
* "Little Champion" 3:16
* "Pale Moon" 3:02
* "Ghost of a Bad Friend" 4:06
* "Slow Slow Fly" 2:44
* "Poodle Mouth" 2:56
* "Wither Without You" 2:17

## Personnel

All instruments played by Chris Ballew.

### Fictional

* Giraffe - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
* Munkey Sr. - lead guitar
* Yoko Glick - piano, organ, clavinette
* Barry Lowe - Basitar
* Munkey Jr. - horns and strings
* Chickey - drums
# 13 Minutes

13 Minutes may refer to:
* 13 Minutes (2015 film), German film
* 13 Minutes (2021 film), American film
# Gallery Itsutsuji

Gallery Itsutsuji (ギャラリー 五辻, Gyararī Itsutsuji) is a contemporary art gallery founded in 1990 by Michiyasu Itsutsuji.

## History

Expanding a tradition built over 20 years from around 1970 to 1990 by Fuji Television Gallery, Michiyasu Itsutsuji founded in the traditional cultural heart of Tokyo (Bunkyo-ku) this contemporary art gallery in 1990 (see Art Museum, notable galleries list). Michiyasu Itsutsuji was made by French Culture Ministry a Knight (chevalier) of Ordre des Arts et Lettres (reputed sponsor Musee du Jeu de Paume's D. Abadie.
When in the mid 60s to 70s the support-surface movement appeared in France, Gallery Itsutsuji was the point of introduction of the movement into Japan, exposing it to museums and private and corporate collections.
For example, Claude Viallat, Louis Cane, Jean-Pierre Pincemin, Daniel Dezeuze, and Jean-Michel Meurice, Gérard Titus-Carmel, Pierre Buraglio.
Currently, while still representing the artist the gallery helped introducing to Japan, the gallery promotes the following younger artists: Guillaume Bottazzi from France, Katsue Sukenari from Japan and others. It also promotes Japanese contemporary artists, Ay-O being one of them.

## Biography

Before founding his own gallery, Michiyasu Itsutsuji worked at the Fuji TV gallery. He recently played advisory roles in some exhibits at Fukui City Museum, Miyazaki prefectural art museum.
# Victor Parizot

Victor Parizot (18?? – 26 March 1860) was a 19th-century French composer. With Ernest Bourget and Paul Henrion, he was one of the founders of the SACEM (Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique).
* This article about a French composer is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Gadis jang Terdjoeal

Gadis jang Terdjoeal is a c. 1937 film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). It was directed by The Teng Chun, his first film to recognise native interests.

## Plot

Han Nio is in love with Oey Koen Beng. However, Han Nio's mother – hoping for a rich son-in-law to feed her gambling habit – arranges for Han Nio to marry a rich young man named Lim Goan Tek. Though they have a daughter, their life together is unhappy, and ultimately Goan Tek accuses of Han Nio of stealing from him and runs her out of the house. She falls ill and dies soon afterwards, but not before meeting Koen Beng. Learning of how his former lover had been treated, Koen Beng seeks out Goan Tek. However, before he can have his revenge, Han Nio's brother Eng Swan – the real thief – shoots Goan Tek, killing him.

## Production

Gadis jang Terdjoeal was produced and directed by The Teng Chun for his company, Java Industrial Film. He had made his directorial debut in 1931 with the film Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang, and his subsequent productions had been based on Chinese legends and targeted at ethnic Chinese audiences. Following Albert Balink's Pareh (Rice) in 1936, The realized the potential of native audiences and began directing works with more modern stories which suited their interests, although characters remained Chinese.
The cast and crew of this black-and-white film is otherwise not recorded.

## Release and reception

Gadis jang Terdjoeal was released around 1937. The film is likely lost. Movies were then shot on flammable nitrate film, and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara's warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed. As such, American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider suggests that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost. However, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film Indonesia (Indonesian Film Catalogue) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives, and film historian Misbach Yusa Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.
# Gadiyara

Gadiyara is a 2020 Indian Kannada-language thriller film directed by Prabhik Mogaveer. The film featured Raj Deepak Shetty, Sheethal Shetty, Sharath Lohitashwa and Suchendra Prasad as lead characters. The music is composed by Raghav Subhash.

## Plot

Professor (Sharath Lohitashwa) who conspiracy to steal treasures hidden in various places during the time of the[kings. Police officer (Raj Deepak Shetty) chasing the case. Students who become police guests unconsciously. A professor is arrested by a police officer over a report by a journalist (Sheetal Shetty) that the students in the custody. However, the core of the report is not left to the directors alone.

## Cast

* Raj Deepak Shetty
* Sheethal Shetty
* Yash Shetty
* Sharath Lohitashwa
* Suchendra Prasad
* Sangliana
* Mandeep Rai
* Ganesh Rao
* Pranaya Murthy
* Radha Ramachandra
# Vihtori Vesterinen

Vihtori Vesterinen (27 January 1885 in Kivijärvi – 28 June 1958) was a Finnish farmer and politician. He served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture from 31 March 1925 to 13 December 1926 and again from 17 December 1927 to 16 October 1928, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 7 October 1936 to 13 December 1937, Minister of Agriculture from 9 November 1945 to 29 July 1948, Deputy Minister of Social Affairs from 17 March 1950 to 17 January 1951, Deputy Minister of Transport and Public Works from 31 March 1950 to 17 January 1951 and Minister of Social Affairs from 17 January to 20 September 1951. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1919 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League. He was the father of Paavo Vesterinen.
# Victoria, Iași

Victoria is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania, part of the Iași metropolitan area. It is composed of seven villages: Frăsuleni, Icușeni, Luceni, Sculeni, Stânca, Șendreni and Victoria.
Sculeni is a border checkpoint to Moldova.
# Galloping Thru

Galloping Thru is a 1931 American Western film directed by Lloyd Nosler and written by Wellyn Totman. The film stars Tom Tyler, Betty Mack, Alan Bridge, Si Jenks, Stanley Blystone and Gordon De Main. The film was released on December 5, 1931, by Monogram Pictures.

## Cast

* Tom Tyler as Tom McGuire
* Betty Mack as Janice Warren
* Alan Bridge as Sandy Thompson
* Si Jenks as Doctor
* Stanley Blystone as Wallis
* Gordon De Main as Cliff Warren
* John Elliott as Mr. Winton
* Artie Ortego as Stagecoach Driver
# Jamacaria

Jamacaria is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Jamacaria albofenestrata Curran, 1928

## Distribution

Jamaica.
# Ginevra Taddeucci

Ginevra Taddeucci (born 3 May 1997) is an Italian swimmer. She won a bronze medal in the 10km open swim at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

## Career

She was a silver medalist at the 2024 European Aquatics Championships in the Women's 5 km open swim. She was also a silver medalist in the team event at the Championships, held in Serbia.
She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

## Personal life

She was born in Florence, Italy, and lives in Lastra a Signa and used to train in Empoli.