# Vanderbilt Brown

Vanderbilt Brown (May 25, 1886 – April 25, 1921) was an American physician in Virginia. He was one of the first physicians to finish training in World War I (as a part of the Medical Reserve Corps). He was assigned to 365th Ambulance Company in the 317th Infantry of the 92nd Division. Brown died a few years after the war.

## Early life

Vanderbilt Brown was born in Danville, Virginia to Thomas Brown and Maria Jones. There is not much record of his early life, other than he attended Biddle University in Charlotte before going to attend Boston College of Physicians and Surgeons. Brown graduated from medical school in 1912 and began interning in Tuskegee Institute Hospital, which was part of the school Booker T. Washington had started. He returned to Charlotte, North Carolina in 1917 to start his own medical practice.

## Military service

In 1917, the United States joined World War I. After the declaration of war with Germany, many African Americans were turned away from the local recruiting stations. Unprepared for a large scale conflict, the United States Army had only four black regiments, and many commanders would not allow mixing of blacks and whites in their units. Also, the black regiments themselves were not trusted to be sent to Europe, as many of the higher ups possessed a lack of confidence in black soldiers as fighters. Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School had been opened for training African American men as there had been a huge influx of African American volunteers and a petition was erected by the students of Howard University. However, there was still some discontent at the facility as many soldiers found that he had been unfairly assessed for merely being black.
When Dr. V. Brown answered the military's call for physicians he was immediately given the rank, First Lieutenant in the Army Medical Reserve Corps. Like all the African American recruits, he was sent to Fort Des Moines for medical training at the Medical Officers Training Camp. Indeed, he was one of the first individuals who entered the training camp and volunteered for duty. After completing his training, he was assigned to the 356th Field Hospital in the 92nd Division's 317th Regiment.
When arriving at France, Lieutenant Bradfield was reassigned to work in the 365th Ambulance Company where he remained throughout the war. During World War I, Ambulance companies were responsible for conducted first aid stations to treat immediate wounds and find best manners in evacuating injured soldiers. When the United States entered the World War I effort, the army organized ambulance units to serve at the front with the French. The War Department Orders NO. 75 established the U.S. Army Ambulance Service (USAAS) and the Sanitary Corps followed a week later. Both were part of the evolution of the Medical Reserve Corps. This allowed the Medical Department to commission individuals in specialties if need be. Lt. Brown also would have had his hands full with treating ill and influenza stricken soldiers as life in the trenches was hard.
Upon the 92nd Division's entry into French soil, it was moved to the St. Dre Sector to relief the 5th Regular U.S. Army Division (composed of white soldiers). Only a few days later had the 5th Regular Division captured the village of Frapelle. Immediately, these fresh African American recruits were submerged into the harsh terrain of the trenches where the Germans had been sending aggressive assaults, such as frequent released of gassing shells to Allied troops. In mid September Frapelle face a heavy German bombardment as an airplane duel came into the mixture. With aerial and artillery fire coming from many sides, Lieutenant Brown was on full deck. At some point during the attack, the Germans learned that the opposing force that faced them, the 92nd Division, was composed entirely of African Americans. The Germans decided to change tactics and went into the trenches. The U.S. troops believed that the Germans were sending another surge of gassing shells, however, when nothing emitted from the shells they went to investigate. Within the shells was a printed propaganda written in English. It was titled "To the Colored Soldiers of the American Army". The text continued saying:
Lieutenant Brown and his fellow soldiers did not fall for the bait and continued fighting to their "honor and credit", according to E.J. Scott. The fighting continued with more aerial fire coming from the Germans, however, the French anti-aircraft guns got rid of the assault and the division moved from St. Die Sector to Ste. Menehold. The 92nd Division became a reserve corps for the Mseu-Argonne campaign in October. In November, he and his unit faced another aggressive assault from the Germans in Metz.
At the war's conclusion, he returned to Camp Lee in Virginia to treat remaining injured soldiers. He was honorably discharged in May 1919.

## Career

Dr. Brown moved back to Charleston, West Virginia to continue work on a medical practice.

## Death

Dr. Brown did not survive long after the war. He was discovered at his home in 1921, dead from a gunshot wound. The circumstances surrounding the murder were and still to this day are unknown. His body was returned to Danville, Virginia to be buried. He was survived by his mother.