OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Institut Monétaire Luxembourgeois

The Institut Monétaire Luxembourgeois (IML, lit. 'Luxembourg Monetary Authority') was the central bank of Luxembourg between its creation in 1983 and mid-1998, when its role was taken over by the newly created Central Bank of Luxembourg and Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier.

## Background

During the 19th century, multiple currencies from other jurisdictions circulated and were accepted in Luxembourg. From 1856, the Banque Internationale à Luxembourg was authorized to issue banknotes, which it did in Belgian francs, Dutch florins, Prussian thalers, and Rhenish thaler. Another institution, the Banque Nationale du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, was chartered to issue notes in 1873. From 1877 until its failure in 1881, it was located in the Hôtel de Gerden on the city's central Place d'Armes, lately the seat of the Court of Accounts of Luxembourg [fr].$^{:22}$
From 1918, Luxembourg in principle had a national currency, the Luxembourg franc, but the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union established in 1921 resulted in the Belgian franc being widely used in the country. From 1936 on, the National Bank of Belgium maintained a permanent office in Luxembourg City, delivering central banking services directly to economic agents there.$^{:61}$ These arrangements were suspended under the German occupation of Luxembourg during World War II but re-established in 1944 following the country's liberation.
In 1945, Luxembourg established its first banking supervisory authority, the Commissariat au Contrôle des Banques, at the time partly with the aim of deterring penetration of the domestic credit system by German banks.

## Creation and development

In 1983, following frictions within the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union, and as the prospect of a future European Monetary Union became gradually more tangible, the Werner-Thorn-Flesch Ministry decided to create the IML so that Luxembourg would be represented on an equal basis with other European countries in forthcoming negotiations about monetary arrangements. The IML printed banknotes, even though it did not conduct a monetary policy of its own, and also succeeded the Commissariat au Contrôle des Banques by taking over financial sector supervision. Pierre Werner, who in 1969-1970 had led the so-called Werner Plan for monetary union, was instrumental in the IML's creation in 1983.$^{:4}$
In 1993, the Luxembourg government approved new legislation to carry out the transition from the ad hoc IML to a fully-fledged central bank satisfying the governance criteria set in the Maastricht Treaty.$^{:3}$
In March 1998, the IML acquired the former head office of Banque Internationale à Luxembourg on 2 Boulevard Royal, which would become the seat of the soon-to-be-created Central Bank of Luxembourg.$^{:56}$

## Aftermath

On 1 June 1998, the IML was replaced by the Central Bank of Luxembourg that became a founding member of the Eurosystem, while its supervisory role was transferred to a separate authority, the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier.
# William II, Marquis of Montferrat

William II (died probably around 961) was the co-Marquis of Montferrat with his father Aleram.
He was the eldest son of Aleram by his first wife, name unknown. He was named after his grandfather, the head of the family, William I. William probably co-reigned with his father, but appears to have been dead at around the same time. The only mention of him is in a document for the foundation of an abbey pro anime nostre et quondam Gulielmi qui fuit filius et filiaster atque germanus noster seu parentum nostrum mercede.

## Sources

* Merlone, Rinaldo. Prosopografia Aleramica (secolo X e prima metà del XI).
* Marchesi di Monferrato: Guglielmo II.
* This biographical article of a European noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Klaus Pietschmann

Klaus Pietschmann (born in 1972) is a German musicologist. Since 2009 he has been teaching at the University of Mainz.

## Career

Born in Cologne, Pietschmann studied musicology and Medieval studies at the University of Cologne, at the University of Florence and at the University of Münster. In 1997/98 he was at the German Historical Institute in Rome and received his habilitation in 2000 with a thesis on Church music between tradition and reform. The Papal Chapel and its repertoire under Pope Paul III. Subsequently, he worked until 2003 in the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and Cologne in a research project on DFG-Opernprojekt [de]. From 2003 to 2006 he was assistant to Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen and Laurenz Lütteken at the University of Zurich, where he also received his habilitation. From 2006 to 2009 he held assistant and guest professorships at the University of Bern and the University of Graz. In 2009 he was appointed to the Institute for Musicology at the University of Mainz.
Pietschmann is deputy director of mainzed, the Mainz Center for Digitality in the Humanities and Cultural Studies.
In 2008, he received the Preis für Geisteswissenschaften der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen [de].

## Publications

* Pietschmann, Klaus (2021). "Ein Graffito von Josquin Desprez auf der Cantoria der Sixtinischen Kapelle". Die Musikforschung (in German). 52 (2): 204–207. doi:10.52412/mf.1999.H2.887. JSTOR 41123290. S2CID 140790222.
* Kirchenmusik zwischen Tra dition und Reform. Die Prefecture of the Papal Household und ihr Repertoire im Pontifikat Pope Paul III (1534–1549) (CASCAM, volume 11). Vatican City 2007
* Laboratorium des Wandels. Wien und die Diversifizierung der Oper um 1800. Habilitationsschrift Zürich 2006 (Druck i. V.)
* Das Erzbistum Köln in der Musikgeschichte des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts. Contributions to Rhineland music history. volume 172. Merseburger, Kassel 2008.
* Edited with Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen: Jenseits der Bühne: Bearbeitungs- und Rezeptionsformen der Oper im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Symposiumsbericht der International Musicological Society 2007 (Schweizer Beiträge zur Musikforschung, volume 15). Bärenreiter, Kassel 2010.
* Edited with Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann: Der Kanon der Musik. Theorie und Geschichte. Ein Handbuch. Edition text + Kritik, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-86916-106-8.
# Pouteria benai

Pouteria benai is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to French Guiana.
# 2014 Vattenfall Cyclassics

The 2014 Vattenfall Cyclassics was the 19th edition of the Vattenfall Cyclassics, a single-day cycling race. It was held on 24 August 2014, over a distance of 247 km (153.5 mi), starting and finishing in Hamburg, Germany. It is the 23rd race of the 2014 UCI World Tour season. It was won in the sprint by Alexander Kristoff, ahead of Giacomo Nizzolo and Simon Gerrans.

## Teams

As the Vattenfall Cyclassics was a UCI World Tour event, all 18 UCI ProTeams were invited automatically and obligated to send a squad. One Professional Continental team – NetApp–Endura – was given a wildcard place into the race. The peloton was therefore made up of 19 team.
The 19 teams that competed in the race were:
* Ag2r–La Mondiale
* Astana
* Belkin Pro Cycling
* BMC Racing Team
* Cannondale
* Team Europcar
* FDJ.fr
* Giant–Shimano
* Garmin–Sharp
* Team Katusha
* Lampre–Merida
* Lotto–Belisol
* Movistar Team
* Omega Pharma–Quick-Step
* Orica–GreenEDGE
* NetApp–Endura †
* Tinkoff–Saxo
* Team Sky
* Trek Factory Racing

## Results

| | Cyclist | Team | Time | UCI World Tour Points |
| 1 | Alexander Kristoff (NOR) | Team Katusha | 5h 55' 24" | 80 |
| 2 | Giacomo Nizzolo (ITA) | Trek Factory Racing | + 0" | 60 |
| 3 | Simon Gerrans (AUS) | Orica–GreenEDGE | + 0" | 50 |
| 4 | Tyler Farrar (USA) | Garmin–Sharp | + 0" | 40 |
| 5 | Mark Cavendish (GBR) | Omega Pharma–Quick-Step | + 0" | 30 |
| 6 | Marcel Kittel (GER) | Giant–Shimano | + 0" | 22 |
| 7 | Davide Cimolai (ITA) | Lampre–Merida | + 0" | 14 |
| 8 | Juan José Lobato (ESP) | Movistar Team | + 0" | 10 |
| 9 | Silvan Dillier (SUI) | BMC Racing Team | + 0" | 6 |
| 10 | Raymond Kreder (NED) | Garmin–Sharp | + 0" | 2 |
# Ichthyophis pseudangularis

Ichthyophis pseudangularis is a species of caecilian endemic to Sri Lanka. It is found in a range of natural and man-made habitats: forests, rubber plantations, paddy fields, rural gardens and farms, wetlands (boggy and muddy areas), and pastureland.
The holotype measured 225 mm (8.9 in) in total length.
# Jay Bentley

Jay Dee Bentley (born June 6, 1964) is the bassist and co-founding member of the punk rock group Bad Religion. He has played with the band through its whole existence with a small break between 1983 and 1985. Along with vocalist Greg Graffin, Bentley has appeared on nearly all of Bad Religion's studio albums, with the sole exception being their second album Into the Unknown (1983).

## Career

Jay Bentley grew up in Santa Clarita, California, and later moved to Woodland Hills. As with guitarist Brett Gurewitz and lead singer Greg Graffin, he was a student of El Camino Real High School. He played in Bad Religion for three years (1980–1983), and left while the band was in the midst of writing and recording their second album, Into the Unknown.
Bentley was a onetime member of such notable L.A. groups as Wasted Youth, T.S.O.L., The Circle Jerks and Cathedral Of Tears. He rejoined Bad Religion in late 1985 while the How Could Hell Be Any Worse? line-up – adding Circle Jerks' Greg Hetson as the band's second guitarist – was reuniting to record the first three reunion albums, Suffer, No Control and Against the Grain, which are often considered their best releases. Today, Bentley continues touring and recording with Bad Religion. He has appeared on every Bad Religion release, with the exceptions of Into the Unknown (1983) and the Back to the Known (1985) EP. The band's most recent studio album, Age of Unreason, was recorded in 2018 and 2019, with a May 1, 2019 release. Since the early 2010s, Bentley has been the regular touring member of Me First And The Gimme Gimmes filling in on bass and backup vocals for Fat Mike.

## Personal life

Bentley has two sons: Miles (born 1991), who played bass in Dave Hause and The Mermaid, and Hunter (born 1993). He also has a daughter named Peribeau and a son named Dragon and lives with his wife Natalia Fabia in Costa Mesa, California.
In the past, Bentley has had struggles with alcoholism. He first quit drinking in 1990 but relapsed in 1998. Since 2005, he is completely alcohol abstinent.

## Equipment

Bentley's main basses have been Fender models for most of his career in Bad Religion, primarily a black and/or white Precision models; in recent years, however, he has been an endorser of Epiphone and has his own Jack Casady signature. Bentley often plays bass with a pick.
# Her Brother's Keeper

Her Brother's Keeper may refer to:
* "Her Brother's Keeper", an episode of Gargoyles
* "Her Brother's Keeper", an episode of Saved by the Bell: The New Class
* Her Brother's Keeper, a novel by Lillian Spender
# William Ramsey

William or Bill Ramsey may refer to:

## Politics

* William Ramsey (Pennsylvania politician) (1779–1831), United States Congressman from Pennsylvania
* William Sterrett Ramsey (1810–1840), United States congressman from Pennsylvania
* William Marion Ramsey (1846–1937), American politician and judge in Oregon
* William T. Ramsey (1873–1937), American politician from Pennsylvania

## Sports

* Bill Ramsey (baseball) (1920–2008), Major League baseball outfielder
* Bill Ramsey (rugby league) (1943–2020), British rugby league footballer

## Other

* William of Ramsey (fl. 1219), English hagiographer and Benedictine monk
* William de Ramsey (fl. 1323 – d.1349), English master mason and architect
* William Ramsay (Royal Navy officer) (1796–1871), British admiral
* William F. Ramsey (1855–1922), Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas
* Bill Ramsey (singer) (William McCreery Ramsey, 1931–2021), German-American jazz and pop singer and actor
# 2009 The Caversham International

The 2009 The Caversham International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Jersey, Channel Islands between 23 and 29 March 2009.

## Singles entrants
### Seeds

| Nationality | Player | Ranking* | Seeding |
| FRA | Adrian Mannarino | 128 | 1 |
| GER | Simon Stadler | 142 | 2 |
| GBR | Alex Bogdanovic | 195 | 3 |
| FRA | Sébastien de Chaunac | 198 | 4 |
| AUT | Martin Fischer | 200 | 5 |
| ITA | Andrea Stoppini | 209 | 6 |
| AUS | Robert Smeets | 233 | 7 |
| USA | Michael Yani | 238 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of March 16, 2009.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Daniel Cox
* Daniel Evans
* Colin Fleming
* Joshua Milton
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Jean-Noel Insausti
* Jonathan Marray
* Igor Sijsling
* Phillip Simmonds

## Champions
### Men's singles

Daniel Evans def. Jan Minář, 6–3, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Eric Butorac / Travis Rettenmaier def. Colin Fleming / Ken Skupski, 6–4, 6–3
# Henry Digby

Henry Digby may refer to:
* Henry Digby, 1st Earl Digby (1731–1793)
* Sir Henry Digby (Royal Navy officer) (1770–1842), British naval officer, served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
* Henry Digby, 13th Baron Digby (born 1954), the current Baron Digby
# Klaus Pohl

Klaus Pohl is the name of:
* Klaus Pohl (actor) (1883–1958), Austrian actor
* Klaus Pohl (German actor) (born 1952), German stage and film actor, director and screenwriter, awarded with the Mülheimer Dramatikerpreis
* Klaus Pohl (wrestler) (born 1941), East German wrestler
* Klaus Pohl (computer scientist) (born 1960), German computer scientist
# Hodonín (Blansko District)

Hodonín (Czech pronunciation:) is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## History

The first written mention of Hodonín is from 1360. The most important owners of the village were the Pernštejn family that granted the village some privileges.
During World War II, Romani people were imprisoned at the Hodonín concentration camp, before being transported to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Around 1,300 prisoners passed through the camp, of which 194 died.
# Henry Krtschil

Henry Krtschil (3 October 1932 – 7 July 2020) was a German composer, music producer and pianist. He worked for 25 years as a film composer for Deutscher Fernsehfunk and over 30 years with the German singer Gisela May.
Krtschil studied music between 1951 and 1956 at Hochschule für Musik "Hanns Eisler". Then he was a Répétiteur for one year at Staatliche Ballettschule Berlin and until 1970 at Berliner Ensemble. Between 1970 and 1977 he worked at the theatre Volksbühne. From 1991 until his retirement in 1999 he worked as a composer and pianist at Theater im Palais.

## Selected filmography

* 1965: Schule der Frauen
* 1972: Der Mann seiner Frau
* 1977: Der Stein des Glücks
* 1978: Polizeiruf 110: Doppeltes Spiel
* 1978: Rentner haben niemals Zeit
* 1980: Abenteuer mit den Abrafaxen
* 1982: Der Hase und der Igel
* 1982: Geschichten übern Gartenzaun
* 1985: Der verzauberte Weihnachtsmann
* 1987: Der Hauptmann von Köpenick
* 1987: Polizeiruf 110: Die letzte Kundin
* 1989: Die Irrfahrten des Weihnachtsmannes
# 1st Missouri Infantry

1st Missouri Infantry may refer to:
* 1st Missouri Infantry Regiment (Union), a Union regiment during the American Civil War
* 1st Missouri Infantry (Confederate), a Confederate regiment during the American Civil War
* 1st Missouri Regiment of Colored Infantry, a Union African-American regiment during the American Civil War
# Zonitis vermiculata

Zonitis vermiculata is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.
# Henry Leslie (dean of Dromore)

Henry Leslie, D.D. (1651-1733) was an Anglican priest in Ireland in the late seventeenth and early 18th centuries.
Mathews was born in County Down on 4 November 1651 and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Archdeacon of Down from 1695 until his death on 3 September 1733; and Dean of Dromore from February 5, 1722 to February 16, 1722, ostensibly to test a clause in the right of presentation.
# William Habington

William Habington (4 November 1605 – 30 November 1654) was an English poet.

## Life

Habington was born at Hindlip Hall, Worcestershire, and belonged to a well-known Catholic family. His father, Thomas Habington, an antiquary and historical scholar, had been implicated in the plots on behalf of Mary, Queen of Scots; his uncle, Sir Edward Habington, was beheaded in 1586 on the charge of conspiring against Elizabeth I in connection with Sir Anthony Babington; while to his mother, Mary Habington, was attributed the revelation of the Gunpowder Plot.
The poet received his education in Paris and Saint-Omer. The information given by Anthony à Wood in his Athenae that Habington returned to England "to escape the importunity of the Jesuits to join their order" rests only on a vague statement made by the ex-Catholic James Wadsworth in his English Spanish Pilgrim. He married about 1632 Lucy, second daughter of Sir William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis, the dedicatee of his first book of poems.

## Writings

His volume of lyrical poems arranged in two parts and entitled Castara was published anonymously in 1634, and celebrated his marriage to Lucy. In 1635 appeared a second edition enlarged by three prose characters, fourteen new lyrics and eight touching elegies on his friend and kinsman, George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury. The third edition (1640), issued for the first time in his name, contains a third part consisting of a prose character of A Holy Man and twenty-two devotional poems.
He also wrote a tragi-comedy, The Queen of Arragon (1640), published without his consent by his kinsman, Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and revived at the Restoration; six essays on events in modern history, Observations upon History (1641); and, along with his father, ‘’The History of Edward IV’’ (1640).
Thoreau in the introspective conclusion to Walden quotes from Habington’s poem ‘To My Honoured Friend, Sir Ed. P. Knight’:
“Direct your eye right inward, and you’ll find
A thousand regions in your mind
Yet undiscovered. Travel them, and be
Expert in home-cosmography”.
# Horace Richardson (American football)

Horace Richardson (born September 28, 1993) is an American former professional football cornerback. He played college football at SMU.

## Professional career
### Minnesota Vikings

Richardson signed with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2017. He was waived on September 2, 2017, and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Vikings on January 22, 2018.
On September 1, 2018, Richardson was waived/injured by the Vikings and placed on injured reserve. He was released on October 9, 2018.

### Detroit Lions

On November 6, 2018, Richardson was signed to the Detroit Lions practice squad. He was released on November 20, 2018.

### Kansas City Chiefs

On December 5, 2018, Richardson was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs practice squad.

### Denver Broncos

On December 28, 2018, Richardson was signed by the Denver Broncos off the Chiefs practice squad.
On August 21, 2019, Richardson was placed on injured reserve.
On March 5, 2020, Richardson was released by the Broncos.
# Jim Mitteager

James J. Mitteager (17 July 1946 – 24 July 1997) was an American journalist who worked for several tabloid newspapers and covered numerous high-profile incidents.

## Life and career

In 1973 Mitteager worked for the New York City Police Department before becoming a journalist. In 1979 while working as a freelance writer for the New York Post, Mitteager was acquitted on charges that he had bribed a correction officer to obtain photographs and information about murderer David Berkowitz.
In 1989, Mitteager helped The National Enquirer scoop People in getting the first photo of Riley Keough, oldest grandchild of Elvis Presley and Priscilla Presley.
# Karyatis

Karyatis may refer to -
* Caryatis, an Ancient Greek goddess
* SS Karyatis, a Greek cargo ship in service 1964-68
* Caryatis, see Caryatid
# APMIS

APMIS Journal, formerly known as Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica, is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Wiley".

## History

The journal was formed in 1988 by a merger of the three sections of Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica: Section A, Pathology, Section B, Microbiology, and Section C, Immunology. The original journals dated from 1924, originally published as Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Since 2012 it has been an electronic-only publication.
# Hodonín (Chrudim District)

Hodonín (Czech pronunciation:) is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
# If Love Is the Law

"If Love Is the Law" is a song by English rock band Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. Written by frontman Noel Gallagher, it was released on 12" limited edition picture disc & coloured vinyl on 21 September 2018 as the fourth and final single from the band's third studio album Who Built the Moon? (2017). It was heavily influenced by the song "The Conqueror" by Genesis, which appeared on their debut album From Genesis to Revelation.

## Music video

The official video for "If Love Is the Law", directed by Mike Brue. The video is the fifth chapter of the seven part film Stranded on the Earth and hones in on the end of a young couple's relationship in the American Southwest. The video doubles as a standalone music video as well as a trailer for Stranded on the Earth. "If Love Is the Law" was released on the band's Vevo account on 19 July 2018.

## Track listing
### 12"

All tracks are written by Noel Gallagher

### Digital

All tracks are written by Noel Gallagher

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 19 |
# José Oiticica

José Rodrigues Oiticica (1882–1957), was a Brazilian anarchist, poet, and activist. He was founder and editor of the anarchist journal Ação direta (Direct Action), between 1946 until his death. He was the son of Brazilian senator Francisco de Paula Leite e Oiticica [pt].