OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1960 Idaho Vandals football team

The 1960 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1960 college football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Skip Stahley, the Vandals were an independent in the NCAA's University Division and had a 1–9 record. Two home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one in Boise at Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.
The Vandals suffered a sixth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 7–18 at Neale Stadium in mid-November. In the rivalry game with Montana in Missoula, the Vandals lost the Little Brown Stein for the first time in a decade.
Since the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring of 1959, Idaho had just one win per season as an independent. Stahley took on the dual role of athletic director in July.
Idaho played ten games, with five scheduled at night, and their only win came at Hawaii. The game was scheduled for Friday night, but due to travel delays, it was played on Sunday afternoon. The Vandals stayed on Oahu until Thursday, then flew to California for their next game, against Pacific in Stockton on Saturday night.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | 1:30 p.m. | at Oregon | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | L 6–33 | 13,200 |
| September 24 | 2:00 p.m. | at No. 3 Washington | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA | L 12–41 | 35,996 |
| October 1 | 1:00 p.m. | at Montana | Dornblaser FieldMissoula, MT (Little Brown Stein) | L 14–18 | 10,200 |
| October 8 | 7:00 p.m. | vs. Utah State | old Bronco StadiumBoise, ID | L 6–33 | 8,500 |
| October 15 | 1:30 p.m. | No. 17 Oregon State | Neale StadiumMoscow, ID | L 8–28 | 10,500 |
| October 23 | 4:00 p.m. | at Hawaii | Honolulu StadiumHonolulu, HI | W 14–6 | 12,000 |
| October 29 | 8:00 p.m. | at Pacific (CA) | Pacific Memorial StadiumStockton, CA | L 14–25 | |
| November 5 | 7:00 p.m. | at Arizona | Arizona StadiumTucson, AZ | L 3–32 | |
| November 12 | 1:30 p.m. | Washington State | Neale StadiumMoscow, ID (Battle of the Palouse) | L 7–18 | 8,500 |
| November 18 | 8:00 p.m. | at San Jose State | Spartan StadiumSan Jose, CA | L 20–22 | |
| HomecomingRankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Pacific time |||||||

## Coaching staff

* Gary Kenworthy
* Bill Knuckles
* Bill Peterson
* Joe Berry

## All-Coast

No Vandals made the All-Coast team or the second team. Honorable mention were tight end Reggie Carolan and quarterback Sil Vial.

## NFL Draft

One player, a fourth-year junior, from the 1960 Vandals was selected in the 1961 NFL draft:
| Player | Position | Round | Overall | Franchise |
| Reggie Carolan ^ | TE | 8th | 102 | Los Angeles Rams |
    ^ Carolan was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1961.
# 1959–60 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team

The 1959–60 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1959–60 season. The team finished the season in tenth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 4–20 and 1–10 against conference opponents.
William Perigo was in his eighth and final year as the team's head coach. Junior John Tidwell was the team's leading scorer with 520 points in 24 games for an average of 21.6 points per game. Tidwell broke the Michigan record for single game scoring record on February 27, 1960, as he hit 17 of 25 field goals and seven of ten free throws for 41 points in a 72–65 win against Michigan State. Tidwell's 41 points also broke the Yost Fieldhouse record which had been set by Indiana's Don Schlundt with 29 points in 1953. Tidwell also broke the season scoring record with 520 points. At the end of the 1959–60 basketball season, Tidwell was selected as the team's most valuable player and elected captain of the 1960–61 team.
Lovell Farris led the team with 233 rebounds.

## Statistics

| Player | Pos. | Yr | G | GS | FG | FT | RB | Pts | PPG |
| John Tidwell | F-G | Jr. | 24 | 24 | 201-482 | 118-159 | 147 | 520 | 21.6 |
| Terry Miller | G | Sr. | 22 | 22 | 135-391 | 61-77 | 83 | 331 | 15.0 |
| Lovell Farris | C-F | Sr. | 24 | 24 | 112-320 | 97-144 | 233 | 321 | 13.3 |
| Scott Maentz | F | So. | 12 | 11 | 41-134 | 12-23 | 144 | 94 | 7.8 |
| Dick Clark | G | So. | 11 | 8 | 24-58 | 12-25 | 57 | 60 | 5.5 |
| Jon Hall | G | So. | 8 | 8 | 24-100 | 6-21 | 49 | 54 | 6.7 |
| Dick Meyer | C | Jr. | 11 | 2 | 10-29 | 19-31 | 31 | 39 | 3.5 |
| Bob Brown | C | So. | 10 | 10 | 15-53 | 4-17 | 92 | 34 | 3.4 |
| Charlie Higgs | F | So. | 10 | 1 | 10-36 | 8-14 | 32 | 28 | 2.8 |
| Rich Donley | F | Jr. | 18 | 3 | 6-42 | 13-28 | 70 | 25 | 1.3 |
| Rich Robins | G | Jr. | 3 | 1 | 6-21 | 3-4 | 9 | 15 | 5.0 |
| Paul Sangster | F | So. | 5 | 1 | 6-13 | 2-3 | 7 | 14 | 2.8 |
| Steve Schoenherr | G | So. | 19 | 5 | 6-35 | 0-1 | 15 | 12 | 0.6 |
| Dick Lyons | G | So. | 6 | 0 | 1-12 | 0-0 | 6 | 2 | 0.3 |
| Dave Zimmerman | F | So. | 6 | 0 | 0-13 | 2-3 | 9 | 2 | 0.3 |
| Robert Brown | F | Jr. | 1 | 0 | 0-0 | 0-0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Totals | | | 24 | | 597-1739 | 357-550 | 1069 | 1551 | 64.6 |

## Team players drafted into the NBA

One player from this team were selected in the NBA draft.
| Year | Round | Pick | Overall | Player | NBA Club |
| 1961 | 4 | 6 | 38 | John Tidwell | Philadelphia Warriors |
# German ostmark

Ostmark (German: ) is the name given to a currency denominated in Mark which was issued by Germany in 1918 for use in a part of the eastern areas under German control at that time, the Ober Ost area. The currency consisted of paper money issued on 4 April 1918 by the Darlehnskasse in Kowno (Kaunas) and was equal to the German Papiermark. The Ostmark circulated alongside the Imperial rouble and the Ostrubel, with two Ostmark equal to one Ostrubel.

## Denominations

The denominations available were:
* 1⁄2 mark;
* 1 mark;
* 2 marks;
* 5 marks;
* 20 marks;
* 50 marks;
* 100 marks;
* 1000 marks.
The reverse sides of the Darlehnskassenscheine carry a warning against forging banknotes in German, Latvian and Lithuanian.

## Aftermath

The Ostmark and Ostrubel continued to circulate in Lithuania from the end of World War I until 1 October 1922, when they were replaced by the litas. The names skatikas and auksinas were used for Pfennig and Mark, for example, on postage stamps. The reason for the replacement was the link to the Papiermark, which already suffered from inflation (and would spiral into hyperinflation in 1923). The litas was pegged to the U.S. dollar.
# 1938 Detroit Titans football team

The 1938 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the 1938 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach Gus Dorais, the Titans compiled a 6–4 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 148 to 42.
In addition to head coach Gus Dorais, the team's coaching staff included Lloyd Brazil (backfield coach), Bud Boeringer (line coach), and Michael H. "Dad" Butler (trainer). End Alex Chesney was the team captain.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 24 | | at Purdue | Ross–Ade StadiumWest Lafayette, IN | L 6–19 | >24,000 |
| September 30 | | Western State Teachers (MI) | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit, MI | W 7–0 | >18,000 |
| October 7 | | Catholic University | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit, MI | W 27–0 | |
| October 12 | | at Boston College | Fenway ParkBoston, MA | L 6–9 | |
| October 23 | | at No. 20 Villanova | Shibe ParkPhiladelphia, PA | L 6–13 | 25,000 |
| October 28 | | at Duquesne | Forbes FieldPittsburgh, PA | L 6–14 | 9,000 |
| November 5 | | North Dakota | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit, MI | W 38–6 | |
| November 12 | | at NC State | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | W 7–0 | 8,000 |
| November 19 | | Tulsa | University of Detroit StadiumDetroit, MI | W 39–14 | 17,000 |
| November 27 | 5:00 p.m. | at No. 19 Santa Clara | Sacramento StadiumSacramento, CA | W 7–6 | 16,000 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Gerald Neil

Gerald Neil (born 22 August 1978) is former a Jamaican footballer. He currently plays for Dunbeholden F.C.

## Club career

Nicknamed 'Kunte', he played as a defender for Arnett Gardens and August Town.

## International career

He made his debut for the Reggae Boyz in 2003 against Cuba and played his last against Guatemala in 2004. He earned a total of 18 caps, scoring no goals.

## Personal life

Neil son, Gerald Neil Jr, is a professional footballer who currently plays for Arnett Gardens. They share the same alias “Kunta Kinte”.
# 1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 5 September 1938.

## Medalists

| Gold | Ilmari Salminen Finland |
| Silver | Giuseppe Beviacqua Italy |
| Bronze | Max Syring Germany |

## Results
### Final

5 September
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Ilmari Salminen | Finland | 30:52.4 | CR |
| | Giuseppe Beviacqua | Italy | 30:53.2 | NR |
| | Max Syring | Germany | 30:57.8 | |
| 4 | Jenő Szilágyi | Hungary | 30:58.6 | NR |
| 5 | Thore Tillman | Sweden | 31:06.6 | |
| 6 | János Kelen | Hungary | 31:16.6 | |
| 7 | Giuseppe Lippi | Italy | 31:51.6 | |
| 8 | André Sicard | France | 32:09.6 | |
| 9 | Erik Larsson | Sweden | 32:11.2 | |
| 10 | Alexis Dressus | France | 32:22.2 | |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 10 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.
* Finland (1)
* France (2)
* Germany (1)
* Hungary (2)
* Italy (2)
* Sweden (2)
# German submarine U-298

German submarine U-298 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was laid down on 23 February 1943 by the Bremer Vulkan company at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 63. She was launched on 25 October 1943, and commissioned on 1 December with Oberleutnant zur See Ortwin Hensellek in command.

## Design

German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-298 had a displacement of 759 tonnes (747 long tons) when at the surface and 860 tonnes (850 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-298 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

Hensellek was replaced after only three weeks by Oblt.z.S. Otto Hohmann while U-298 completed the training of her crew while part of the 8th U-boat Flotilla in the Baltic Sea.
In July 1944 U-298 sailed to Bergen, Norway, to join the U-Abwehrschule (U-boat School) where she remained as a training boat, under the command of Oblt.z.S. Heinrich Gehrken, until ordered to surrender on 9 May 1945.

### Disposal

U-298 was sailed from Bergen on 30 May 1945, arriving at Loch Ryan, Scotland, on 4 June via Scapa Flow. She was towed out to position 55°35′N 7°54′W﻿ / ﻿55.583°N 7.900°W﻿ / 55.583; -7.900 by HMS Fowey as part of "Operation Deadlight" on 29 November 1945, and sunk by shellfire from HMS Onslow and Cubitt the next day.
# 1940–41 American Soccer League

Statistics of American Soccer League II in season 1940–41.

## Metropolitan Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | Pts | PCT |
| 1 | Scots-Americans | 23 | 16 | 5 | 2 | 71 | 39 | 34 | .739 |
| 2 | Philadelphia German-American | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 59 | 33 | 32 | .727 |
| 3 | Baltimore S.C. | 21 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 45 | 30 | 27 | .643 |
| 4 | Brookhattan | 23 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 52 | 37 | 28 | .609 |
| 5 | Brooklyn Hispano | 21 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 68 | 62 | 24 | .571 |
| 6 | New York Americans | 23 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 48 | 41 | 24 | .522 |
| 7 | Passon Phillies | 21 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 40 | 50 | 20 | .476 |
| 8 | St. Mary's Celtic | 20 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 49 | 50 | 17 | .425 |
| 9 | Baltimore Americans | 21 | 6 | 13 | 2 | 42 | 67 | 14 | .333 |
| 10 | Irish-Americans | 22 | 4 | 14 | 4 | 40 | 55 | 12 | .273 |
| 11 | Paterson F.C. | 17 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 30 | 80 | 2 | .059 |

## New England Division
### First half

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | Fall River S.C. | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 44 | 8 | 22 |
| 2 | Pawtucket S.C. | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 55 | 15 | 21 |
| 3 | Gremio Lusitano | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 36 | 25 | 14 |
| 4 | Lusitania Recreation | 12 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 26 | 30 | 9 |
| 5 | Scandinavians | 12 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 26 | 51 | 9 |
| 6 | Boston Celtics | 12 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 20 | 43 | 6 |
| 7 | Swedish-Americans | 12 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 48 | 3 |
* 1 2 The Scandinavians and Swedish-Americans played their final first half game on April 20, 1941.

### Second half

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | Pts |
| 1 | Pawtucket S.C. | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 39 | 15 | 16 |
| 2 | Fall River S.C. | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 33 | 13 | 13 |
| 3 | Swedish-Americans | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 13 | 10 |
| 4 | Lusitania Recreation | 10 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 25 | 34 | 10 |
| 5 | Gremio Lusitano | 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 24 | 22 | 4 |
| 6 | Scandinavians | 9 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 40 | 4 |
| 7 | Boston Celtics | 8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 34 | 3 |

### Playoffs

Fall River wins, 6-3, on aggregate.
# Walter Mauclerk

Walter Mauclerk (or Walter Mauclerc; died 1248) was a medieval Bishop of Carlisle and Lord High Treasurer of England.

## Life

Mauclerk's origins are unknown, although he had a brother who was prior of Reading Abbey. Another kinsman, possibly a nephew, Robert Barri was named prior of Carlisle Cathedral while Walter was bishop. He is first recorded as a financial clerk in Normandy in 1202, and then later that same year as holding a church in Falaise. With the loss of Normandy, he returned to England and the king's court, and received a prebend in Exeter in 1203. In 1204 and 1205 he helped administer Lincolnshire, collecting tallage other taxes. He served King John of England in Rome as an envoy to Pope Innocent III in 1214 where he was expected to neutralise any baronial agents that might be sent. At the time, he was still a royal clerk. In 1215, he was sent to Ireland, although only for a short time. He served as a royal justice in the Midlands in 1218, and as a royal justice in Nottingham in 1219, and in 1221 appointed as a forest justice in York, but was instead sent to Cumberland. He served as Sheriff of Cumberland from 1222 to 1233. He was a canon of Carlisle Cathedral before he was elected to the see of Carlisle about 22 August 1223 and was consecrated that winter.
Mauclerk continued to serve King Henry III of England, going to Cologne in 1225 as part of a diplomatic mission attempting to arrange a marriage between the king and a daughter of the duke of Austria. In 1227 he was in Poitou on the king's business. He was Treasurer from 1228 to 1233, when he was expelled from office even though he had been granted the office for life. This was a side effect of the fall from power of Hubert de Burgh during King Henry III's reign. However, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches Walter returned to royal service. In 1235 he was once more in charge of an embassy attempting to find a bride for King Henry, this time to Flanders for a daughter of the count of Ponthieu.
Mauclerk resigned the see on 26 June 1246 and died about 28 October 1248 at Oxford. He resigned the bishopric to become a Dominican at Oxford. During his time as bishop, he set the financial affairs of his diocese on a firm footing, and left most of his property to the diocese or to the Dominicans at Oxford.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vincent "Mauclerk, Walter" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
* 1 2 3 Pegues "Clericus in Legal Administration" English Historical Review pp. 534–535
* ↑ Jones King John and Magna Carta p. 50
* ↑ Carpenter "Decline of the Curial Sheriff" English Historical Review p. 11
* 1 2 Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Carlisle: Bishops
* 1 2 Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 235
* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 103
* ↑ Powell and Wallis House of Lords p. 154
# Wahlenbergia

Wahlenbergia is a genus of around 260 species of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae. Plants in this genus are perennial or annual herbs with simple leaves and blue to purple bell-shaped flowers, usually with five petals lobes. Species of Wahlenbergia are native to environments on all continents except North America, and on some isolated islands, but the greatest diversity occurs in the Southern Hemisphere.

## Description

Plants in the genus Wahlenbergia are annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs, and sometimes have rhizomes. The stems are erect, circular in cross section and have simple leaves. The leaves decrease in size up the stem and usually have small scattered teeth on their edges. The flowers are borne on the end of the stems, either singly or arranged in a cyme. There are five sepals that remain until the fruiting stage. The petals are blue to purple and are joined at their base to form a bell-shaped or funnel-shaped tube with five lobes. There are usually five stamens, the style is often branched at the tip and the fruit is a capsule containing up to fifty seeds.

## Taxonomy and naming

In 1814, Heinrich Schrader used the name Wahlenbergia elongata but the name was a nomen nudum. The genus was first formally described in 1821 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth and the description was published in Roth's book Novae Plantarum Species praesertim Indiae Orientalis. Roth retained Schrader's name Wahlenbergia. The name honours Göran Wahlenberg (a Swedish botanist who taught at Uppsala University).

## Distribution

The genus is widespread and species of Wahlenbergia are native to all continents except North America. The highest species diversity is in southern temperate countries, particularly Africa and Australasia and species are even found on oceanic islands. Four species are known from the island of Saint Helena, including the now extinct species W. roxburghii.
* Wahlenbergia stricta
* Wahlenbergia violacea
* Wahlenbergia capensis
# Wahlenbergia capensis

Wahlenbergia capensis, commonly known as the Cape bluebell, is a plant in the family Campanulaceae and is native to the Cape Province but has been introduced to Australia. It is an annual herb with up to four greenish blue, bell-shaped flowers with spreading petal lobes.

## Description

Wahlenbergia capensis is an annual herb with a one to a few stems and grows to a height of 14–50 cm (6–20 in). The lower leaves are egg-shaped to elliptic but become lance-shaped higher up. They are 9–40 mm (0.4–2 in) long and 1.5–10 mm (0.06–0.4 in) wide, sometimes with wavy edges and small teeth or lobes. Each plant has up to four bluish-green long stalked flowers that are dark blue near the centre and often have black spots. The five sepals are triangular, 4–7.5 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and hairy. The petals form a tube, bell-shaped near the base with five spreading, egg-shaped to broadly elliptic lobes, 6–11 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 3–7.5 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. The five stamens have a filament 2.5–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and an anther 2–3.5 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long. The style is dark blue with five branches on its tip. Flowering occurs from September to December. The fruit is a capsule 5–11 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 5–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

Cape bluebell was first formally described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus who gave it the name Campanula capensis and published the description in Species Plantarum. In 1830, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle changed the name to Wahlenbergia capensis. The specific epithet (capensis) refers to the native distribution of the species, the ending -ensis being a Latin suffix "denoting place, locality or country".

## Distribution and habitat

Wahlenbergia capensis is widespread in, and restricted to the Western Cape between Clanwilliam and Knysna in South Africa. It is found on the lower sandstone slopes and the sandy flats of this region. Due to its annual life cycle it is also able to persist successfully on disturbed land, such as along roadsides and on cultivated land. It is an introduced species occurring in the south-west of Western Australia where it is found between Kalbarri and Tambellup. The species was first collected in Western Australia in 1898.

## Ecology

The flowers are pollinated by monkey beetles. Large numbers of seeds are produced in capsules. There are two main methods of dispersal. The first of these is through the strong summer winds of the region. The seeds are shaken out through the apical valves of the capsule. Alternately, the capsule may attach to the fur of animals by its coarse, stiff hairs, facilitating the dispersal of the seed-filled capsules.

## Conservation

While it has not formally been assessed by the IUCN, this species is common and widespread. The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) does not consider this species to be threatened.
# Walter Blume

Walter Blume may refer to:
* Walter Blume (musician) (born in the 1880s; active 1910s–1930s), German kapellmeister, music critic, and scholar of Johannes Brahms
* Walter Blume (aircraft designer) (1896–1964), German fighter ace of World War I and aircraft designer
* Walter Blume (SS officer) (1906–1974), German Nazi SS-Standartenführer