OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henry Appleton (anarchist)

Henry Appleton was a 19th-century American individualist anarchist. He was an editorial assistant to Benjamin Tucker and a significant contributor to Liberty during which he gained a reputation as an exceptional writer. Appleton was a graduate of Brown University and resided in Providence, Rhode Island. He is remembered as "the most forceful critic of anarchist communism in the early 1880s".

## Anarchism and communism

Appleton believed that anarchism was the philosophical basis of a method in sociology and should be considered as such. Anarchism as according to Appleton was neither theory nor institute but the logical outcome of the Progressive movement. Appleton also believed that the state and the church was intertwined and that the church, in particular, was essential for upholding the state.
Appleton was a staunch critic of anarcho-communism believing it to be just communism, masquerading as anarchism and viewed those aligned with anarcho-communism to be at war with liberty. Writing under the pseudonym ‘X,’ he would attack the communist anarchist leader Johann Most, decrying him to be a "State Socialist", posed a question to him of how someone who is of a peaceful stance would be treated if they were to disagree with his economic ideas and claimed that he and his followers wished to destroy all existing institutions and then build their own utopia. Appleton believed if he did not comply with Most's ideas all he had created would be "declared the property of the Commune."

## Career

In 1885, English anarchist Henry Seymour published works by Appleton in The Anarchist, a four-page monthly periodical.
In 1886, Appleton became editor of The Newsman, published by the Mutual News Company of Boston. While his friend and fellow writer of liberty Benjamin Tucker congratulated Appleton he disagreed with the acceptance and use of the political means of achieving social goals. This led to a conflict of interests within Liberty which would ultimately cause Appleton to withdraw.
# Givira arbeloides

Givira arbeloides is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. .
The wingspan is about 27 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from April to October.
# Weihua Jiang

Weihua Jiang from the Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for contributions to repetitive pulsed power generation utilizing solid-state device technology.
# Fürwahr, er trug unsre Krankheit

"Fürwahr, er trug unsre Krankheit" ("Yet it was our sickness that he was bearing") is a Christian hymn of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied with text written by Eugen Eckert in 1987 to a melody from Chile. It is based on a passage from the Book of Isaiah. It is part of hymnals, including the German Catholic hymnal Gotteslob as GL 292, and songbooks.

## History

"Fürwahr, er trug unsre Krankheit" was written in 1986 by the Protestant theologian and minister Eugen Eckert from Frankfurt, revised in 1987. The text is based on Isaiah 53:4–5, a servant song. It is intended for the Holy Week.
The melody in E minor is from Chile. The song is part of the German common Catholic hymnal Gotteslob as GL 292. It is part of other hymnals and songbooks, including the choral collection for children Freiburger Kinderchorbuch 2, published in 2020 by the Diocese of Freiburg and Carus-Verlag.

## Musical settings

Andreas Großmann composed a four-part choral setting (SATB) of hymn text and melody in 1994. Werner Quicker wrote a three-part choral setting of the hymn text and melody. Johannes Matthias Michel composed a choral setting of Eckert's text for four-part choir and organ, published by Strube Verlag in 2013.
# Hal Dixon (umpire)

Hal Hayworth Dixon (July 7, 1920 – July 28, 1966) was a professional baseball umpire who worked in the National League from 1953 to 1959. He umpired in the 1959 World Series and the 1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

## Umpiring career

Dixon umpired 989 major league games in his seven seasons.
In 1959, Dixon worked his only World Series. He spent all six games of the series working as the left field or right field umpire. He submitted his resignation after that season when a request for a salary increase was denied. He died from a heart attack on July 28, 1966, at age 46.
# Pangshwehlaw

Pangshwehlaw is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
# Gambarini

Gambarini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elisabetta de Gambarini (1730–1765), English composer, pianist, conductor, and painter
* Roberta Gambarini (born 1965), Italian jazz singer
* Giuseppe Gambarini (1680–1725), Italian painter
# Viliam Karas

Viliam Karas (born 2 April 1976) is a Slovak lawyer and politician. He served as the Minister of Justice of Slovakia from September 2022 to May 2023.

## Early life

Karas was born in Prešov on 2 April 1976. He studied law at the Comenius University, graduating in 1999, and was awarded a PhD. in law at the University of Trnava in 2002.

## Political career

Between 1 January 2021 and September 2022, Karas served as chairman of the Slovak Bar Association, after which he became government minister.
On 30 August 2023, Karas announced that he would become a KDH expert in the areas of law, justice and security. Karas would work for the party as a non-party member.

## Personal life

Apart from his native Slovak, Karas can speak English and Italian. He is married with four children.
# 1522 Kokkola

1522 Kokkola, provisional designation 1938 WO, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1938, by pioneering Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named for the town of Kokkola.

## Classification and orbit

The S-type asteroid and member of the Vesta family is also classified as LS-type, an intermediate to the L-types. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,331 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.07 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. Due to a precovery taken at Turku, Kokkola's observation arc was extended by 3 weeks prior to its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

In May 1984, American astronomer Richard Binzel obtained a rotational lightcurve of Kokkola from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.83 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29 magnitude (U=3).
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kokkola measures 9.42 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.206 (revised albedo fits from 2014). The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 9.57 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.46.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for Kokkola, a Finnish town and port on the Gulf of Bothnia. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3929).
# Vienna Porcelain Manufactory Augarten

The Vienna Porcelain Manufactory Augarten (German: Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur Augarten) is a porcelain manufactory located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1718 and is one of the oldest porcelain manufacturers in Europe. The Vienna Porcelain Manufactory Augarten is also home to the Augarten Porcelain Museum, which displays a collection of historic and contemporary porcelain pieces. In addition to its porcelain products, the company also produces glassware, cutlery, and other home accessories.

## History

The historic Vienna Porcelain Manufactory (1718–1864) was the second porcelain manufactory to be established in Europe. Dating back to a privilege given by the emperor to Claudius Innocentius du Paquier in 1718, it was, after Meissen porcelain, Europe's second oldest producer of hard-paste porcelain. Since 1744, pieces bore the shield from the coat of arms of the Dukes of Austria as a trademark.
The original Vienna manufactory went out of business in 1864. After that, the main porcelain factory of the Austro-Hungarian empire was the Herend Porcelain Manufactory, which had been competing with the Vienna manufactory as purveyors to the Imperial Court. The porcelain of the original Vienna manufactory is often referred to as Alt Wien ("Old Vienna") porcelain, to distinguish it from the products of the new Augarten manufactory.
The new porcelain manufactory in Augarten was established in 1923. It revived the traditions of the old Vienna porcelain manufactory by continuing the production methods and patterns of the historic manufactory.
# Viile

Viile may refer to several villages in Romania:
* Viile, a village in Ion Corvin Commune, Constanţa County
* Viile, a village in Fârțănești Commune, Galaţi County
* Viile, a village in Scrioaștea Commune, Teleorman County
# Viiksinselkä

Viiksinselkä is a medium-sized lake in the Vuoksi main catchment area. It is located partly in the region of Northern Karelia in Finland and partly in Loimola municipality in Russia.
# Galíndez

Galíndez is a novel by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, published in 1990. It centres on a real, dramatic and dark episode of the history of the Dominican Republic: the kidnapping, torturing and murdering of Jesús de Galíndez in 1956, representative of the Basque government in exile before the U.S. State Department and the involvement and cover-up by the CIA.$^{:25}$ The novel received Spain's National Literary Award in 1991 and the Europa Prize.$^{:60}$
The detective and narrator of the novel is Muriel Corbert.$^{:25,36}$ She is a history graduate who seeks out the truth of Galíndez' fate.$^{:36}$ In doing so she travels from the United States, to Spain and then the Dominican Republic, and uncovers a conspiracy between Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo, the CIA and Francoist Spain.$^{:36}$
The novel was made into a film in 2003, called El Misterio Galíndez (literally "The Galindez Mystery", but also known as "The Galíndez File"). The film stars Saffron Burrows and Harvey Keitel.
# 15th government of Turkey

The 15th government of Turkey (7 August 1946 – 10 September 1947) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the Peker government.

## Background

Although Republican People's Party (CHP) won the elections held on 21 July, prime minister Şükrü Saracoğlu of CHP announced that he would not continue for another term of premiership due to health problems. Recep Peker, who was the Minister of Interior in Saracoğlu government, was assigned to form the government.

## The government

In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".
| Title | Name | Notes |
| Prime Minister | Recep Peker | |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Mümtaz Ökmen | 19 September 1946 – 10 September 1947 |
| Minister of State | Abdülhalik Renda | |
| Ministry of Justice | Mümtaz Ökmen Şinasi Devrin | 7 August 1946 – 19 September 1946 19 September 1946 – 10 September 1947 |
| Ministry of National Defense and Navy | Cemil Cahit Toydemir Münir Birsel | 7 August 1946 – 5 September 1947 5 September 1947 – 10 September 1947 |
| Ministry of the Interior | Şükrü Sökmensüer Hüsrev Göle | 7 August 1946 – 5 September 1947 5 September 1947 – 10 September 1947 |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Hasan Saka | |
| Ministry of Finance | Nazmi Keşmir | |
| Ministry of National Education | Şemsettin Sirer | |
| Ministry of Public Works | Kerim İncedayı | |
| Ministry of Health and Social Security | Behçet Uz | |
| Ministry of Customs and Monopolies | Tahsin Coşkan | |
| Ministry of Economy | Bekir Balta Cavit Ekin | 7 August 1946 – 5 September 1947 5 September 1947 – 10 September 1947 |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Faik Kurdoğlu Şevket Adalan | 7 August 1946 – 5 September 1947 5 September 1947 – 10 September 1947 |
| Ministry of Transport | Şükrü Koçak | |
| Ministry of Commerce | Atıf İnan | |
| Ministry of Labour | Sadi Irmak Bekir Balta | 7 August 1946 – 5 September 1947 5 September 1947 – 10 September 1947 |

## Aftermath

Following a harsh discussions in the parliament between Recep Peker and Adnan Menderes of the Democrat Party, Recep Peker resigned.
# 1838 in Bolivia

Events in the year 1838 in Bolivia.

## Incumbents

* President: Andrés de Santa Cruz (also Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation)

## Events

* January 12–13 - War of the Confederation: Battle of Islay
* June 24 - War of the Confederation: Battle of Montenegro

## Births

* October 13 - Eduardo Abaroa
# Video Olympics

Video Olympics is a video game programmed by Joe Decuir for the Atari 2600. It is one of the nine 2600 launch titles Atari, Inc. published when the 2600 system was released in September 1977. The cartridge is a collection of games from Atari's popular arcade Pong series. A similar collection in arcade machine form called Tournament Table was published by Atari in 1978.
Video Olympics was rebranded by Sears as Pong Sports.

## Gameplay

The games are a collection of bat-and-ball style games, including several previously released by Atari, Inc. as arcade games. The games use the Video Computer System's paddle controllers, and are for one to four players (three or four players requires a second set of paddles).

### Games

Video Olympics includes 50 games and variations:$^{:30}$
* Pong - The classic table tennis simulation.$^{:42}$
* Super Pong - A Pong variation where each player has two paddles.$^{:42}$
* Robot Pong - A solitaire Pong variation.$^{:42}$
* Pong Doubles
* Quadrapong - A four-player, four-wall Pong variation.$^{:42}$
* Foozpong - Based on Foozball, this Pong variant has the players control a vertical three-paddle column.$^{:42}$
* Soccer
* Handball - A handball simulation.$^{:42}$
* Ice hockey
* Hockey III - An ice hockey simulation where players can catch and shoot the puck at the opposing goal.$^{:42}$
* Basketball - A basketball simulation.$^{:42}$
* Volleyball - A volleyball simulation where the traditional (Pong-style) left-right volley is swapped for a top-bottom volley. Players can volley or spike.$^{:42}$

## Reception

The cartridge and its individual games were reviewed twice in Video magazine. In the Winter 1979 issue of Video, the cartridge was reviewed as part of a general review of the Atari VCS where it received a review score of 8.5 out of 10, and its constituent games were characterized as "old standbys" but "still lots of fun".$^{:33}$ A more thorough review appeared in Video's "Arcade Alley" column in the Summer 1979 issue where the release was generally praised for "tak[ing] Atari's Pong concept and explor[ing] it to the limit." Individual games were singled out as well, with praise for Volleyball and Robot Pong (described as "astonishingly good"), and criticism for Handball (for its use of a visually disturbing blinking paddle rather than an absent paddle to indicate inactive players), and Basketball (described as primitive compared to Atari's own 1978 version of Basketball).$^{:42}$
# Video Nation

Video Nation is a BBC television project in social anthropology and audience interactivity, which ended in 2011.

## History

Beginning in 1993, the BBC encouraged people to record their lives on video. These video diaries were then shown on BBC TV and, from 2001 to 2011, were included on the BBC's website.
The original project was created by the Community Programme Unit with output intended for broadcast on BBC Two. Jeremy Gibson and Tony Steyger developed the original concept with Steyger drawing inspiration from the Mass-Observation Archive to propose 'an anthropology of everyday life.' The project was co-produced between 1993 and 2001 by Chris Mohr and Mandy Rose. A diverse group of fifty people were selected from across the UK, given training in the use of camcorders and invited to record aspects of everyday life during the course of a year. From their recordings the team drew material for a range of programmes, of which the best known are the Shorts which were broadcast before BBC Two's Newsnight current affairs programme. Contributors had a right of veto over their material so that nothing was broadcast without their consent. BBC Two de-commissioned the television series in 2000 at which point a website was built from the existing archive. Hundreds of contributors then went on to make shorts for the site, and Video Nation has returned to BBC TV screens during thematic seasons.
On 24 January 2011, the BBC announced that they would be making cuts of 25% to the online budget resulting in a shortfall of £34 million from the budget. As part of this, many websites and services were closed, to achieve a "smaller fitter BBC". Video Nation was part of this category.
# 1663 in music

The year 1663 in music.

## Opera

* Antonio Cesti – La Dori Venice premiere
* Kaspar Förster – Der lobwürdige Cadmus

## Music

* Johann Rudolf Ahle
** Ach Herr, mich armen Sünder
** Neugepflantzten Thüringischen Lustgarten
* Giovanni Arrigoni—Salmi, Op. 9
* Andreas Hammerschmidt—16 Masses
* Bonifazio Graziani—Responsoria hebdomadæ sanctæ, Op.9
* Giovanni Legrenzi – Sonate a due, tre, cinque, a sei stromenti. Libro 3. Op. 8
* Jean-Baptiste Lully—Les noces de Village, LWV 19
* John Playford -- Musick's Hand-maid
* Johann Adam Reincken – An Wasserflüssen Babylon

## Births

* March 7 – Tomaso Antonio Vitali, violinist and composer (died 1745)
* March 16 – Jean-Baptiste Matho, composer (died 1743)
* July 1 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and music theorist (died 1738)
* September 25 – Johann Nikolaus Hanff, composer (died 1711)
* November 14 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, composer, teacher of Handel (died 1712)
* date unknown
** Andrea Adami da Bolsena, papal choirmaster (died 1742)
** Nicolas Siret, organist, harpsichordist and composer (died 1754)
** Johann Joseph Vilsmayr, composer (died 1722)

## Deaths

* March 20 – Biagio Marini, violinist and composer (born 1594)
* July 2 – Thomas Selle, composer (born 1599)
* July 24 – Thomas Baltzar, violinist (born c.1631)
* December 5 – Severo Bonini, composer (born 1582)
* date unknown
** Antoine de Beaulieu, ballet dancer
** Nicolas Hotman, composer (born c.1610)
** Heinrich Scheidemann, organist and composer (born c.1595)
# Villa Ortúzar

Villa Ortúzar is one of the neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires. Its limits are La Pampa St., Forest Ave., Elcano Ave., Ferrocarril General Urquiza railroads, Del Campo Ave., Combatientes de Malvinas Ave. and Triunvirato Ave.
The "Villa" received its name as after Esq. Santiago Francisco de Ortúzar y Mendiola, a basque businessman who bought the "area" the 26th of April 1862 paying for it 265,000 pesos.
34°34′50″S 58°28′06″W﻿ / ﻿34.58056°S 58.46833°W﻿ / -34.58056; -58.46833
* This article about a location in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Villecourt

Villecourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

Villecour is situated 30 miles (48 km) east southeast of Amiens, on the D15 road and by the banks of the Somme.
# Galvani (disambiguation)

Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician and physicist who lived and died in Bologna.
Galvani may also refer to:

## People

* Galvani (surname)

## Other uses

* 10184 Galvani, a main-belt asteroid
* Galvani (crater), a lunar crater that lies close to the northwestern limb of the moon
* Galvani, the first electric railway locomotive, built in 1841 by Robert Davidson
# Vijayapala

Vijayapala (IAST: Vijayapāla; reigned c. 1035-1050 CE) was a king of the Chandela dynasty of India. He ruled in the Jejakabhukti region (Bundelkhand in present-day Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh).
Vijayapala was born to the Chandela ruler Vidyadhara. No inscription from his reign is available. He is mentioned in several Chandela inscriptions, but most of these contain only vague eulogies. For example, the Mau stone inscription declares that he killed all wicked men and put an end to the Kali Yuga.
By the end of Vidyadhara's reign, the Ghaznavid invasions had weakened the Chandela kingdom. Taking advantage of this, the Kalachuri king Gangeya-deva conquered eastern parts of their kingdom. A fragmentary Mahoba inscription claims that Vijayapala broke the pride of Gangeya in a battle.
The Kachchhapaghatas of Gwalior probably gave up their allegiance to the Chandelas during Vijayapala's reign. This is indicated by the use of high-sounding titles for the Kachchhapaghata ruler Muladeva in the Sas-Bahu inscription.
Vijayapala's sachiva (chief minister) was Mahipala, who was the son of Vidyadhara's chief minister Shivanga.
The decline of the Chandela kingdom started during Vijayapala's reign. His successor Devavarman was his son from the queen Bhuvanadevi. The Nanyaura copper-plate inscription of Devavarman is dated 1051 CE. This indicates that Vijayapala's reign ended sometime before this year. Devavarman's successor Kirttivarman was also a son of Vijayapala.
# Vijayapur FM

Vijaypur FM 98.8 MHz is a radio station in Nepal, based in Dharan, Sunsari District. It is owned and operated by Vijayapur Media Group. This is one of the top radio stations in the eastern parts of Nepal. "Our Radio, Our Voice" is the motto of the station. Its mission was to provide its listeners with audio content that met both their entertainment and information needs. A variety of music, entertainment, sports, and news programs are a part of the station's programming. Online streaming is available from Vijayapur FM worldwide. With a capacity of 1000 watts, it broadcasts on 98.8 MHz frequency (FM). It is equipped with a transmitter antenna located at a height of 35 meters above the ground.
# 1741 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1741 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland: vacant

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Charles Erskine
* Solicitor General for Scotland – William Grant of Prestongrange

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Culloden
* Lord Justice General – Lord Ilay
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Milton

## Events

* 17 May – George Watson's College opens in Edinburgh as George Watson's Hospital.
* Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh moves to a new building designed by William Adam.
* Robert Foulis sets up a publishing business in Glasgow.
* Leadhills Miners' Library set up.
* Earliest known record of the Royal Order of Scotland within British Freemasonry.
* 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot raised in Scotland as General John Mordaunt's Regiment of Foot.

## Births

* 2 March – James Stuart, British Army officer, commander-in-chief of the Madras Army (died 1815 in England)
* 23 August – James Hope-Johnstone, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun (died 1816)
* 25 August – Henry Hunter, Presbyterian minister and translator (died 1802 in England)
* James Moncrief, military engineer (died of wounds 1793 in Flanders)
* William Russell, writer (died 1793)

## Deaths

* 18 March – Thomas Gordon, commodore in the Royal Scots Navy and admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy (born c. 1658; died in Russia)
* November – John Ker, academic and Latin poet
# Ganodermanontriol

Ganodermanontriol is a lanostanoid triterpene isolated from Ganoderma lucidum.