OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany

The Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany (Italian: corona del Granducato di Toscana) was a ducal crown created by the Medicean Grand Dukes of Tuscany.

## The old crown

Cosimo I de' Medici, duke of Florence, sought to achieve a title which removed him from his status as a feudatory of the Holy Roman Emperor and gave him more political independence. Getting nothing from the Emperor, he turned to the Papacy. Already he had attempted to get Paul IV to give him the title of king or archduke with no success. Finally in 1569, after many favours and dealings of differing levels of legitimacy, Pope Pius V released a Papal bull which conferred the style of Altezza Serenissima and the title of Grand Duke, a very rare title that placed the Sovereign of Tuscany above a Duke, but below a Prince.
In January 1570 Cosimo I was crowned by Pius himself at Rome, though by rights such an act was the prerogative of the Emperor. For this reason, Spain and Austria refused to acknowledge the new title, though France and England immediately acknowledged its validity. With time all Europe came around.
The crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany was clearly distinct from both princely and ducal crowns. It was a gold circlet decorated with emeralds, rubies and pearls with rays projecting from the top.
Uniquely the crown had a large giglio bottonato, or Florentine lily – the florentine version of a fleur de lis which bears two tall stamens posed between the petals – positioned above the forehead.

## The new crown

When Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1670–1723) received the "right to royal rank" from Vienna, he added arches and a globe to the top of the grand ducal crown, as these were the typical elements of a royal crown. The new status of the Grand Duchy included among other things a change of style from Altezza Serenissima to Altezza Reale.
The Grand Ducal Crown is only known from drawings and paintings, since it was lost during the Napoleonic Occupation. A copy of the crown was placed in the coffin of each of the Grand Dukes at their funerals. One of these, which belonged to Gian Gastone de' Medici (r. 1723–1737) was recovered during a survey of the corpse and is now conserved in Florence.
# Prince of Fortuna

Prince of Fortuna was a royal title created for Luis de la Cerda in November 1344 by Pope Pope Clement VI. Fortuna is the ancient name for the Canary Islands.
* This biography of a member of the Spanish royal house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Philip Piper

Philip John Piper (born Devon, England, 1966) is a Professor of Archaeology in the School of Archaeology & Anthropology at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra. His research is instrumental in expanding research in Zooarchaeology and Paleoecology, particularly in Southeast Asia, and more recently in Vietnam.
He is currently the Secretary-General of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association.
# Peter Lamont (disambiguation)

Peter Lamont (1929–2020) was a British film-set decorator.
Peter Lamont may also refer to:
* Peter Lamont (historian)
* Peter Lamont (footballer)
* Peter Lamont, current Chief of Clan Lamont
# Plagiocheilus peduncularis

Plagiocheilus peduncularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Gero Island

Gero Island is a large island on Chesuncook Lake in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States. The island is 3,175 acres (1,285 ha) in area, with all but 133 acres (54 ha) regulated. It is known for exemplary natural communities of slender rush as well as white pine forest and lower elevation spruce-fir forest. Chesuncook Lake was created by damming the West Branch Penobscot River in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Most of the island's original trees were cut in the 1920s, while more were cut in the 1980s during a spruce budworm outbreak. There are four campsites along the shoreline. The island is part of the Maine Natural Areas Program and is considered publicly owned reserved land, open for camping and recreation year-round.
# 1969–70 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team

The 1969–70 Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Gonzaga University during the 1969–70 NCAA University Division basketball season. Members of the Big Sky Conference, the Bulldogs were led by nineteenth-year head coach Hank Anderson and played their home games on campus at Kennedy Pavilion in Spokane, Washington. They were 10–16 overall and 7–8 in conference play.
Junior center Bill Quigg was named to the all-conference team.
# 1966 Gent–Wevelgem

The 1966 Gent–Wevelgem was the 28th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 23 March 1966. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Herman Van Springel of the Dr. Mann team.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Herman Van Springel (BEL) | Dr. Mann–Grundig | 6h 34' 00" |
| 2 | Noël Van Clooster (BEL) | Dr. Mann–Grundig | + 0" |
| 3 | Palle Lykke (DEN) | Solo–Superia | + 50" |
| 4 | Arthur Decabooter (BEL) | Wiel's–Gancia-Groene Leeuw | + 50" |
| 5 | Seamus Elliott (IRL) | Mercier–BP–Hutchinson | + 1' 02" |
| 6 | Walter Godefroot (BEL) | Wiel's–Gancia-Groene Leeuw | + 1' 02" |
| 7 | Jan Janssen (NED) | Pelforth–Sauvage–Lejeune | + 1' 02" |
| 8 | Willy Bocklant (BEL) | Dr. Mann–Grundig | + 1' 02" |
| 9 | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | Peugeot–BP–Michelin | + 1' 02" |
| 10 | Bernard Van de Kerckhove (BEL) | Ford France–Hutchinson | + 1' 02" |
# 1969 Asian Badminton Championships

The 1969 Asian Badminton Championships took place from 3–15 February 1969, in Manila, Philippines. Indonesia won the men's team competition after beating Malaysia 3–2 in the final. The match for third place between Japan and Philippines also ended 3–2.

## Medalists

| Discipline | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Men's singles | Muljadi | Punch Gunalan | Dinesh Khanna |
| Men's singles | Muljadi | Punch Gunalan | Sangob Rattanusorn |
| Women's singles | Pang Yuet Mui | Ma Than Ngwe | Lee Young-soon |
| Women's singles | Pang Yuet Mui | Ma Than Ngwe | Mary Tan |
| Men's doubles | Ng Boon Bee Punch Gunalan | Ippei Kojima Yukinori Hori | Chavalert Chumkum Sangob Rattanusorn |
| Men's doubles | Ng Boon Bee Punch Gunalan | Ippei Kojima Yukinori Hori | Conrado Co Daniel So |
| Women's doubles | Lee Young-soon Kang Young-sin | Pang Yuet Mui Cynder Ho | Lily Tan Mary Tan |
| Women's doubles | Lee Young-soon Kang Young-sin | Pang Yuet Mui Cynder Ho | Ma Than Ngwe Khin Hyin |
| Men's team details | Indonesia Muljadi Darmadi Indratno Mintarja | Malaysia Tan Aik Mong Ng Boon Bee Punch Gunalan Tan Aik Huang | Japan Ippei Kojima Yukinori Hori Masao Akiyama |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Indonesia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Malaysia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 3 | Hong Kong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | South Korea | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Japan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Myanmar | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 7 | Philippines | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 8 | Thailand | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | India | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (9 entries) | Totals (9 entries) | 5 | 5 | 9 | 19 |

## Semifinals

* Below are the partial results of semifinals.
| Discipline | Winner | Runner-up | Score |
| Men's singles | Muljadi | Sangob Rattanusorn | 15–10, 15–3 |
| Men's singles | Punch Gunalan | Dinesh Khanna | 15–7, 18–13 |
| Women's singles | Pang Yuet Mui | Lee Young-soon | 11–4, 11–6 |
| Women's singles | Ma Than Ngwe | Mary Tan | 11–7, 11–1 |
| Men's doubles | Ng Boon Bee & Punch Gunalan | Chavalert Chumkum & Sangob Rattanusorn | 15–7, 15–3 |
| Men's doubles | Ippei Kojima & Yukinori Hori | Conrado Co Daniel So | –, – |

## Final results

| Discipline | Winner | Finalist | Score |
| Men's singles | Muljadi | Punch Gunalan | 15–11, 15–3 |
| Women's singles | Pang Yuet Mui | Ma Than Ngwe | 11–0, 11–0 |
| Men's doubles | Ng Boon Bee Punch Gunalan | Ippei Kojima Yukinori Hori | 15–8, 5–15, 15–11 |
| Women's doubles | Kang Young-sin Lee Young-soon | Cynder Ho Pang Yuet Mui | –, – |
# German submarine U-289

German submarine U-289 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The submarine was laid down on 12 September 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 54. She was launched on 25 May 1943 and commissioned on 10 July under the command of Kapitänleutnant Alexander Hellwig.
She did not sink or damage any ships.
She was sunk by a British destroyer on 31 May 1944.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-289 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-289 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

U-289 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training from July 1943 to March 1944 and operationally with the 3rd flotilla from 1 April. She was reassigned to the 13th flotilla in early May 1944.

### First patrol

The boat's initial foray, which was preceded by a short voyage from Kiel to Bergen in Norway, began with her departure from the Nordic port on 19 April 1944 and finished at Narvik on 6 May.

### Second patrol and loss

She departed Narvik on 12 May 1944. On the 31st she was sunk by depth charges dropped by the British destroyer HMS Milne northeast of Jan Mayen Island.
Fifty-one men died; there were no survivors.
# 1972 Penn Quakers football team

The 1972 Penn Quakers football team represented the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the Ivy League during the 1972 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Harry Gamble, the Quakers compiled an overall record of 6–3 with a mark of 4–3 in conference play, tying for third place in the Ivy League. Jim Bumgardner and Joe Italiano were the team captains. Penn played home games at Franklin Field, adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 29 | Lafayette* | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 55–12 | 15,684 |
| October 7 | at Brown | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | L 20–28 | 4,000 |
| October 14 | at Cornell | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | L 20–24 | 17,000 |
| October 21 | at Lehigh* | Taylor StadiumBethlehem, PA | W 30-27 | 14,000 |
| October 28 | Princeton | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA (rivalry) | W 15–10 | 9,285 |
| November 4 | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA (rivalry) | W 38–27 | 9,000 |
| November 11 | Yale | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 48–30 | 21,380 |
| November 18 | Columbia | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | W 20–14 | 27,803 |
| November 25 | Dartmouth | Franklin FieldPhiladelphia, PA | L 17–31 | 42,422 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Gestronol

Gestronol (BANTooltip British Approved Name), also known as gestonorone, as well as 17α-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone or 17α-hydroxy-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a progestin of the 19-norprogesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone groups which was never marketed. The C17α caproate ester of gestronol, gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate), in contrast, has been marketed.
Gestronol shows relatively low affinity for the progesterone receptor, only about 12.5% of that of progesterone and about 2.5% of that of 19-norprogesterone in one assay. On the other hand, gestronol had far higher affinity than 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, which showed less than 0.1% of the affinity of progesterone for the progesterone receptor.
# Warkentin

Warkentin is a surname of Russian Mennonite origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Chris Warkentin (born 1978), Canadian politician
* E.H. Warkentin (1933–20??), American politician and businessman
* Lindsay Warkentin (born 1982), Canadian curler
* Mark Warkentin (born 1979), American swimmer
* Sabine Warkentin (born 1941), French chess master
It has been said among family members with this name--one of whom is a professional genealogist-- that, when the government insisted that clans be identified by a family name, rather than a patronymic, that there was only one 'house' that chose this name. The name, in its various forms is said to have come from the concatenation of "Wer kennt Ihn", meaning "Who knows Him" ("Him" referring to God). So the family chose to be known as [he or they] who know Him -- Warkentin.
# Get Some Fun

Get Some Fun is the third studio album by the Australian power pop group, Sunnyboys. It was produced by Nick Garvey, formerly of The Motors and released in April 1984 on Mushroom Records. It peaked at No. 36 on the Australian Kent Music Report albums chart, but like all of the band's first three albums has come to be regarded as a classic of its time.

## Background

For this album, the band hired new management in the form of Michael Chugg and in May 1983 Sunnyboys returned to the studio to record a new single, "Show Me Some Discipline" which possessed a darker soul to the band's previous fare. Get Some Fun was released in April 1984. All ten songs were recent creations with the exception of "Catch My Heart," which had been around since the band's inception.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jeremy Oxley unless otherwise shown

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| Australia Kent Music Report Album Chart | 36 |

## Release history

| Date | Region | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| April 1984 | Australia | Mushroom | LP | RML 53129 |
| 14 October 1997 | Australia | Mushroom | CD | MUSH32358.2 |
| 6 March 2015 | Australia | Feel Presents | CD / DD | FEEL 014 |

## Personnel
### Sunnyboys

* Bil Bilson – drums
* Richard Burgman – guitar
* Jeremy Oxley – guitar, vocals
* Peter Oxley – bass guitar
# Wasdale Horseshoe

The Wasdale Horseshoe is a group of hills on the eastern fringe of the English Lake District, to the west of the A6, south of Shap, Cumbria. They surround the valley of Wasdale Beck, a tributary of Birk Beck and ultimately of the River Lune. The horseshoe is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. This Wasdale should not be confused with the better known Wasdale, containing Wast Water, on the west of the Lake District.
Wainwright's clockwise walk starts from the highest point of the A6 at 1,400 feet (430 m). The summits reached are Whatshaw Common at 1,593 feet (486 m), Little Yarlside at 1,691 feet (515 m), Great Yarlside (the third highest of the Outlying Fells) at 1,986 feet (605 m) and Wasdale Pike at 1,852 feet (564 m).
Wasdale Pike is within the Shap Fells Site of Special Scientific Interest.
# 1968 Tour de Romandie

The 1968 Tour de Romandie was the 22nd edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 9 May to 12 May 1968. The race started and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Eddy Merckx.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | 21h 55' 58" |
| 2 | Raymond Delisle (FRA) | + 1' 14" |
| 3 | Robert Hagmann (SUI) | + 1' 27" |
| 4 | Mariano Díaz (ESP) | + 2' 38" |
| 5 | Edy Schütz (LUX) | + 2' 43" |
| 6 | Jean Dumont (FRA) | + 2' 49" |
| 7 | Joaquim Galera (ESP) | + 3' 01" |
| 8 | Michele Dancelli (ITA) | + 3' 19" |
| 9 | André Bayssière (FRA) | + 3' 40" |
| 10 | Italo Zilioli (ITA) | + 3' 50" |
# Warragoon, New South Wales

Warragoon is a small community in the central Riverina area. It is about 11 kilometres north-west of Tuppal and 14 kilometres south-west of Blighty. At the 2021 census, Warragoon had a population of 98.
Warragoon has a public school, situated on the Riverina Highway. After the construction of the railway to Oalands in the 1930s, a railway station was opened at Warragoon in August 1938. A passenger service was provided for a few years after 1946.
# Warragamba River

The Warragamba River, a river that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Macarthur region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

Formed through the confluence of the Coxs River and two minor tributaries, Warragamba River rises within Lake Burragorang and is the river on which Warragamba Dam is established, creating a large reservoir with total capacity of 2,031 gigalitres (7.17×10$^{10}$ cu ft), that forms a major part of the water supply to greater metropolitan Sydney. The river descends 96 metres (315 ft), the majority of which is over the dam spillway, and then flows north into the Nepean River, north of the village of Warragamba, a course of approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi).
Prior to the creation of Lake Burragorang, the Warragamba River would have been formed by the confluences of the Coxs, Nattai, and Wollondilly rivers in the Burragorang Valley. Downstream, the river flowed through a gorge that varied in width from 300 metres (980 ft) to 600 metres (2,000 ft), and was 100 metres (330 ft) in depth. It was this configuration which allowed a relatively short but high dam wall in the gorge to impound a large quantity of water.
Today, the Burragorang Valley and most of the Warragamba River is submerged beneath the lake, and the remaining section of the river flows only the 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north-east from the Warragamba Dam spillway to its confluence with the Nepean River.
The area surrounding Warragamba River is managed by Sydney Catchment Authority under the Sydney Water Catchment Management Act, 1998 (NSW) that defines special zones and places restrictions and controls on land use, development and access in order to safeguard potable water.

## Popular culture

* A popular phrase used throughout greater Sydney Australia is Warragamba Slammer. This refers to a glass of water, which is used in pubs and restaurants.
# Ghamad Shere

Ghamad Shere is a 2019 romantic drama film, directed and written by Hem Raj BC. It stars Nischal Basnet, Swastima Khadka, Gauri Malla, Sushma Niraula, and Badal Bhatta.

## Plot

Shere(Nischal Basnet) returns from abroad determined to do something in his village. His wife is not happy thinking that he is going to spend his money wastefully. He is conned by the local leader into buying flooded land where he starts farming. One night flood wipes out his land and leaves him broke. It is also revealed that Shere's wife was having an affair and she flees with her lover. Shere and his son are taken care of by his sister-in-law (Swastima Khadka). Shere fights for his land and goes on to sue the river when he is advised so. His wife returns but he chooses his sister-in-law. Meanwhile he wins his court battle and is awarded the river contract as a compensation.

## Cast

* Nischal Basnet as Sher Bahadur
* Swastima Khadka as Gauri
* Gauri Malla
* Sushma Niraula as Parbati
* Lokendra Lekhak as Bhyaguta
* Badal Bhatta

## Reception

Abhimanyu Dixit of The Kathmandu Post wrote, "The premise of Ghamad Shere had everything going for it. It's the kind of story that is almost never told in Nepali cinema, with a cast consisting of famous faces, a seasoned cinematographer and a director with many hits under his belt. It had a strong socio-political message and a handful of brilliant scenes. But even all this couldn't save the film". Diwakar Pyakurel of OnlineKhabar wrote, "Both as a satire and a love story, this movie has raised concerns over some genuine issues. Thanks to the interesting plot and convincing acting, the movie turns out to be a good watch. If the team succeeds in avoiding some of the formulaic errors, it could produce better movies in the days to come". Sunny Mahat of The Annapurna Express wrote, "Basnet and Khadka don't lack fans. And watching the two together on screen could be a treat for them. For others, the film is marginally below average and you may want to rethink how much spare time you have for it".
# 1973–74 Midland Football Combination

The 1973–74 Midland Football Combination season was the 37th in the history of Midland Football Combination, a football competition in England.

## Division One

Division One featured 17 clubs which competed in the division last season, no new clubs joined the division this season.

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| 1 | Highgate United | 32 | 27 | 3 | 2 | 95 | 16 | 5.938 | 57 |
| 2 | Malvern Town | 32 | 19 | 7 | 6 | 69 | 34 | 2.029 | 45 |
| 3 | Solihull Borough | 32 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 58 | 31 | 1.871 | 42 |
| 4 | Sutton Coldfield Town | 32 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 52 | 35 | 1.486 | 38 |
| 5 | Blakenall | 32 | 12 | 14 | 6 | 47 | 32 | 1.469 | 38 |
| 6 | Northfield Town | 32 | 14 | 8 | 10 | 52 | 49 | 1.061 | 36 |
| 7 | Bridgnorth Town | 32 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 43 | 35 | 1.229 | 35 |
| 8 | Evesham United | 32 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 54 | 46 | 1.174 | 35 |
| 9 | Moor Green | 32 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 51 | 48 | 1.063 | 35 |
| 10 | Racing Club Warwick | 32 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 41 | 39 | 1.051 | 32 |
| 11 | Paget Rangers | 32 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 48 | 49 | 0.980 | 31 |
| 12 | Oldbury United | 32 | 11 | 5 | 16 | 40 | 46 | 0.870 | 27 |
| 13 | West Midlands Police | 32 | 9 | 5 | 18 | 45 | 53 | 0.849 | 23 |
| 14 | Stratford Town | 32 | 7 | 7 | 18 | 38 | 66 | 0.576 | 21 |
| 15 | Boldmere St. Michaels | 32 | 7 | 5 | 20 | 31 | 72 | 0.431 | 19 |
| 16 | Knowle | 32 | 5 | 5 | 22 | 26 | 85 | 0.306 | 15 |
| 17 | Walsall Wood | 32 | 4 | 7 | 21 | 23 | 77 | 0.299 | 15 |
# 1951–52 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team

The 1951–52 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1951–52 NCAA college basketball season. Led by 24th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.
The Cougars were 19–16 overall in the regular season and 6–10 in conference play, fourth in the Northern division.