OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A. C. G. S. Amarasekara

Gate Mudaliyar Abraham Christopher Gregory Sooriyarachchi Amarasekara OBE (2 March 1883 – 29 March 1983) was a Sri Lankan painter. He is considered one the important Sri Lanka artists of the Ceylon Society of Arts of the mid 20th century.
Born on 2 March 1883 in Dodanduwa, the son of Rev. Abraham Sooriyarachchi Amarasekera, an Anglican priest, he was educated at the Prince of Wales College, Moratuwa and at the St. Thomas' College, Mutwal, where he was the cartoonist for the hostel magazine “The Dormitory” edited by Francis Molamure. He won first prize at the Ceylon Society of Arts’ annual exhibition in 1903.
After completing his schooling, Amarasekera joined H. W. Cave and Company to study commercial art, then worked at the Survey General's Department as a draughtsman for six years from 1907 and finally joined the staff of the Ceylon Technical College, Maradana as a lecturer in fine arts. Later he founded his own art school, the "Atelier School of Art", which produced many notable artists such as Harry Pieris and Justin Pieris Deraniyagala. He was known for his portraits of the Ceylonese leaders of his time. His works were exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and the Royal Institute of Oil Painters. In 1919, Amarasekera became the secretary of the Ceylon Society of Arts, its vice-president in 1926 and President in 1959. He was appointed Chairman of the Panel on Painting and Sculpture of Arts Council of Ceylon in 1954. He was an amateur magician with the stage name “Gay Deceiver” and was a founder president of the Association of Ceylon Magicians until his death in 1983. He was responsible for designing the National Art Gallery.
He gained the fellowship of the British Empire Exhibition and was awarded the titular honor of Mudaliyar by the Governor of Ceylon in 1924. Amarasekara was appointed an Officer of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1939 Birthday Honours for his services for the arts in Ceylon. The Government of Ceylon awarded the titular honor of Gate Mudaliyar in 1952 and appointed him the Chairman of the Fine Arts Committee of the Colombo Plan Exhibition. In 1983, Dawson Road in Colombo was renamed "Amarasekara Mawatha" in his honour by President J. R. Jayewardene.
He married Mable Beatrice Pereira in 1908 and they had one son, D. V. A. S. Amarasekara.
# Kashiwa (disambiguation)

Kashiwa may refer to:
* Kashiwa, a city in the prefecture Chiba, Japan
* Kashiwa, Aomori
* Bin Kashiwa (born 1944)
* Hank Kashiwa (born 1949)
* Jeff Kashiwa (born 1963)
* Shiro Kashiwa (1912–1998)
* Yoshifumi Kashiwa (born 1987)
* Yukina Kashiwa (born 1994)
* Kashiwa Airfield
* Kashiwa Angel Cross
* Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium
* Kashiwa Kinen
* Kashiwa Reisoru
* Kashiwa Station
* Kashiwa Yukina
* Kashiwa mochi
# 2018 Birmingham Classic

The 2018 Birmingham Classic (also known as the Nature Valley Classic for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 37th edition of the event, and a Premier tournament on the 2018 WTA Tour. It was contested at the Edgbaston Priory Club in Birmingham, United Kingdom, 18 - 24 June 2018. Petra Kvitová successfully defended its 2017 singles title.

## Points and prize money
### Point distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32$^1$ | Q | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 470 | 305 | 185 | 100 | 55 | 1 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 1 |
| Doubles | 470 | 305 | 185 | 100 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |

### Prize money

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q3 | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | $163,085 | $86,840 | $46,345 | $24,880 | $13,311 | $6,398 | $3,791 | $2,021 | $1,122 |
| Doubles * | $50,876 | $27,155 | $14,845 | $7,562 | $4,098 | — | — | — | — |
$_{1Qualifiersprizemoneyisalsotheroundof32prizemoney.}$ $_{*perteam}$

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Garbiñe Muguruza | 3 | 1 |
| UKR | Elina Svitolina | 5 | 2 |
| CZE | Karolína Plíšková | 7 | 3 |
| CZE | Petra Kvitová | 8 | 4 |
| GER | Julia Görges | 13 | 5 |
| RUS | Daria Kasatkina | 14 | 6 |
| BEL | Elise Mertens | 15 | 7 |
| USA | CoCo Vandeweghe | 16 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of June 11, 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the main draw:
* Katie Boulter
* Elina Svitolina
* Heather Watson
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Océane Dodin
* Jennifer Brady
* Dalila Jakupović
* Kristýna Plíšková

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Madison Keys → replaced by Donna Vekić

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| HUN | Tímea Babos | FRA | Kristina Mladenovic | 12 | 1 |
| CZE | Andrea Sestini Hlaváčková | CZE | Barbora Strýcová | 12 | 2 |
| TPE | Latisha Chan | CAN | Gabriela Dabrowski | 15 | 3 |
| CZE | Barbora Krejčíková | CZE | Kateřina Siniaková | 17 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of June 11, 2018.

### Other entrants

The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Eugenie Bouchard / Dominika Cibulková
* Katie Boulter / Heather Watson

## Finals
### Singles

* Petra Kvitová defeated Magdaléna Rybáriková, 4–6, 6–1, 6–2

### Doubles

* Tímea Babos / Kristina Mladenovic defeated Elise Mertens / Demi Schuurs, 4–6, 6–3, [10–8]
# Pidgin Madam

Pidgin Madam is a pidgin language that is a mixture of Lebanese Arabic and traditional Sinhalese. Since the oil boom of the 1970s, several forms of Pidgin Arabic, such as Gulf Pidgin Arabic, evolved to become a popular form of communication due to foreign workers coming from South and South Eastern Asian countries. These workers tend to live and work in major cities.

## History

Pidgin Madam is largely spoken by Sri Lankan women working in the Levant area of the Middle East. Its name comes from the fact that it is mainly used between Lebanese "Madames" and Sinhalese domestic workers. Pidgin Madam is locally recognized in the areas where the language is spoken. There are an estimated 80,000 Sri Lankan Domestic workers in Lebanon, but the exact number of speakers of the pidgin is unknown. The pidgin tends to be spoken by all Sinahalese workers in this region, apart from areas where an English Pidgin is more popular.

## Sociological context

Sri Lankan woman started to arrive specifically in Lebanon in the late 1970s, and represent three quarters of immigrant female domestic workers in Lebanon. The workers were placed with large upper-class Lebanese families (typically with many young children) through recruitment agencies, and would be contracted under 3 year agreements. These domestic workers tend to live with the family and may participate in special occasions such as holidays abroad, or religious celebrations. Workers are usually confined with the family within the 3 years, and may renew their contract with the same family if a close relationship is established between the family, children, and worker. The worker may take on tasks to help the family such as laundry, preparing food, and other day-to-day chores. A family may use complex forms of communication to purposely exclude the worker from communication.

### Language acquisition

The employer "Madam" takes charge of educating the newly arrived domestic worker by introducing her to basic, simple sentences, emphasizing communication through eye contact and touch. Typically after 6-7 months, the pidgin has evolved in a personalized way to allow communication between the employers and the worker. As time evolves and the worker becomes more comfortable and familiarized with the new environment and means of communication, reliance on physical gesturing to assist communication diminishes.

## Linguistic context

Lebanese Arabic is a Semitic language belonging to the Levantine dialectal group of Arabic, with a long historical contact to Syriac. There is French influence over the language due to the colonial history of France in the Levant. Sinhala is an Indo-Aryan language, situated within a dravidophone environment, and is influenced by Elu, an ancestral relative.

## Linguistic features

There is a third person feminine singular, which is the most common designation.
The pidgin has "imperative forms that are used as a verbal base, forms of the modal incompleteness which, in fact, are the forms that are hard inside the prohibitive, minus the article".
# Isochariesthes fuscocaudata

Isochariesthes fuscocaudata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fiedler in 1939.
# Hallewell Rogers

Sir Hallewell Rogers, DL (25 February 1864 – 16 November 1931) was a British Conservative politician who was Member of Parliament and Lord Mayor of Birmingham.
Rogers was elected Lord Mayor of Birmingham in November 1902, serving two consecutive terms until November 1904. He stood for the Liberal Unionist Party, a Liberal breakaway faction led by fellow Brummie Joseph Chamberlain. The party in 1912 merged with the Conservative party, for which Rogers later entered parliament.
He was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 3rd South Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery, in 1913.
Rogers was elected member of parliament for Birmingham Moseley at the 1918 General Election. He resigned in 1920, precipitating a by-election in March 1921.
In 1925, he was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Warwickshire.
# Giuseppe Tosi

Giuseppe "Beppe" Tosi (25 May 1916 – 10 July 1981) was an Italian discus thrower. He won silver medal at the 1946, 1950 and 1954 European championships and 1948 Olympics, every time beaten by the teammate Adolfo Consolini. At the 1952 Olympics Tosi placed eighth and Consolini second.

## Biography

Tosi won five national titles, in 1943, 1946–1948 and 1951, and set two European records, both in 1948. Near the end of his athletic career, similar to Consolini, he went into acting and played minute roles in several major films, including Totò al giro d'Italia (1948), Quo Vadis (1951), The Return of Don Camillo (1953), Ben-Hur (1959) and The Lovemakers (1961).

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Notes |
| 1948 | Olympic Games | London | 2nd | Discus throw | 51.78 m | |
| 1952 | Olympic Games | Helsinki | 8th | Discus throw | 49.03 m | |

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1951 | Quo Vadis | Wrestler | Uncredited |
| 1959 | Ben-Hur | Chariot driver | Uncredited |
| 1961 | The Lovemakers | Old Casamonti | Uncredited, (final film role) |
# Ibi Watson

Ibrahim Davis Watson-Boye (born January 6, 1998) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Ottawa BlackJacks of the Canadian Elite Basketball League (CEBL). He played college basketball for the Dayton Flyers and Michigan Wolverines.

## High school career

During his first two years of high school, Watson attended Athens High School in The Plains, Ohio. He was a basketball teammate of Joe Burrow. For his junior season, Watson transferred to Pickerington High School Central in Pickerington, Ohio. He averaged 19.2 points through two years at the school and earned First Team Division I All-Ohio honors as a senior. He initially committed to playing college basketball for Michigan over offers from Dayton and Indiana, among others.

## College career

As a freshman at Michigan, Watson served as a reserve and received limited minutes. He averaged 2.2 points in 5.2 minutes per game as a sophomore, helping his team to the 2018 National Championship Game. After the season, Watson transferred to the University of Dayton and found a great home. Watson sat out his next year due to transfer rules. During the 2019–2020 season, Watson served as the sixth man and averaged 10.1 points per game and shot nearly 40% from three-point range. On December 23, 2019, he scored a career-high 30 points in an 81–53 win over Grambling State. As a junior, he was a critical piece in helping Dayton achieve a Top 3 NCAA ranking, and a program-record 29 wins.
As a senior, Watson was named to the Third Team All-Atlantic 10. He finished 10th in the conference in scoring (15.8) and third in three-point field-goal percentage and three-pointers made (.427, 61–143).

## Professional career

After going undrafted in the 2021 NBA draft, Watson joined the Atlanta Hawks for the 2021 NBA Summer League, posting 8 points in 20 minutes on 3–7 shooting at his debut, a 85–83 loss against the Boston Celtics. On October 12, he signed a contract with the Hawks, but was waived three days later. In October 2021, Watson signed with the College Park Skyhawks. On December 10, 2022, he was waived by College Park.
On August 1, 2023, Watson signed with Borås Basket of the Swedish Basketball League.

## Career statistics
### College

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2016–17 | Michigan | 19 | 1 | 4.4 | .345 | .056 | .750 | .4 | .1 | .1 | .0 | 1.3 |
| 2017–18 | Michigan | 26 | 0 | 5.2 | .389 | .323 | .545 | .8 | .3 | .3 | .0 | 2.2 |
| 2018–19 | Dayton | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt | Redshirt |
| 2019–20 | Dayton | 31 | 1 | 22.5 | .498 | .393 | .845 | 2.4 | 1.3 | .2 | .3 | 10.1 |
| 2020–21 | Dayton | 24 | 24 | 37.1 | .467 | .416 | .757 | 4.1 | 1.9 | .5 | .3 | 15.7 |
| Career | Career | 100 | 26 | 18.1 | .465 | .378 | .776 | 2.0 | 1.0 | .3 | .2 | 7.7 |
# Moffet

Moffet may refer
* Moffet Inlet, Nunavut, Canada
* Moffet, Quebec, Canada
* Doctor Charles Henry Moffet, a character on the TV series Airwolf
* Mount Moffett, a stratovolcano on Adak Island, Alaska, US

## People with the surname

* Alicia Moffet (born 1998), Canadian singer
* Jane Moffet (1930–2018), American baseball player
* Joe Moffet (1859–1935), American baseball player
* John Moffet (disambiguation)
* Sam Moffet (1857–1907), American baseball player
* Thomas Moffet (or Muffet, 1553–1604), English naturalist and physician
# ITU Youth Forum

The ITU Youth Forum is an initiative of the ITU-D Youth Program. ITU-D is one of three sectors of the International Telecommunication Union. The forums bring together students from all over the world to discuss Information technology and society-related topics.
The ITU Youth Forum is a recurring event arranged to be a part of either regional or global ITU Telecom events. Forum participants (youth fellows) are typically from the ITU member states comprising the region in which the event is organised. During the forum, youth fellows collaborate to produce joint declarations and/or action plans which are published by the ITU.
# Hovgården

Hovgården is an archaeological site on the Lake Mälaren island of Adelsö in Ekerö Municipality in central-eastern Sweden. During the Viking Age, the centre of the prospering Mälaren Valley was the settlement Birka, founded in the mid-8th century and abandoned in the late 10th century and located on the island Björkö just south of Adelsö. Hovgården is believed to have been the site from which kings and chieftains ruled the area. Hovgården, together with Birka became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.
Hovgården is located on the flat country north-west of the Romanesque Adelsö Church, characterised by a narrow rift valley stretching north to forest-laden moraines. These historical meadows lands were cultivated in the 19th century and have hardly been altered since, as several well-preserved 18th century farmyards bear witness to.

## History

The oldest archaeological remains on Adelsö, found north of Hovgården, are grave fields and burial mounds from the Bronze Age (c. 1800-500 BC). Apparently this culture survived into the Iron Age (AD 500-800) as graves from the early part of this period have been found at several locations in the area. At Hovgården some 124 graves have been found; the oldest from late Roman Iron Age (AD 1-400) and the youngest from the beginning of the Middle Ages (c. 1050-1520), indicating the area has been settled uninterruptedly throughout this period.
Just north of the parish church are five large burial mounds of which three are called Kungshögar. In Swedish, Kung meaning King and högar, from the Old Norse word haugr, meaning mound or barrow. Hovgården apparently was the location for a royal estate Kungsgård as early as the Viking Age (c. 800-1050). An excavation of one of these royal mounds in 1917 revealed the remains of a wealthy man who lived around 900. He was burned lying in a boat, dressed in expensive clothing but without weapons, accompanied by horses, cows, and dogs.
Birka, the oldest town in Sweden, was an international trade post. It has been assumed the royal settlement at Hovgården was established as the king's mean of controlling Birka. However, while Birka was abandoned in the mid-10th century, the royal estate was apparently not as the runestone U 11 from around 1070 which claims to have been carved for the king was erected next to the royal mounds. It was part of Uppsala öd, a network of royal estates supporting the Kings of Sweden.
Furthermore, King Magnus Barnlock had the old castle replaced by a palace built in brick, Alsnö hus, in the 1270s. In the palace, the king established the Swedish nobility through the Ordinance of Alsnö (Alsnö stadga) in 1279. However, the palace was destroyed before the end of that century, and as it was left to decay Hovgården lost in importance.
# Pieter Judson

Pieter M. Judson (born 1956, Utrecht) is an American professor of history.

## Education and academic interests

Pieter Judson attended Swarthmore College and graduated in 1978. He received his Ph.D. in History from Columbia University in 1987. He has taught history at Swarthmore College between 1993 and 2014 and is currently a professor of 19th and 20th century history at the European University Institute in Florence. For more than ten years, he served as an editor of the Austrian History Yearbook and the President of the Central European History Society of North America.
His research interests include modern European History, nationalist conflicts, revolutionary and counter revolutionary social movements, and the history of sexuality. His works on the Habsburg Empire and Central Europe are published in more than ten languages.

## Awards

He is a 2010 recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship and received two Fulbright awards to Vienna, as a student and scholar. In Spring 2011, Pieter Judson was the recipient of Nina Maria Gorrissen Berlin Prize in History at the American Academy in Berlin.

## Publications

* Exclusive Revolutionaries: Liberal Politics, Social Experience, and National Identity in the Austrian Empire 1848—1914 (1996, winner of the Herbert Baxter Adams prize of the American Historical Association and the Austrian Cultural Institute's Prize for best book both of 1997)
* Wien Brennt. Die Revolution 1848 und ihre liberale Erbe (1998)
* Constructing nationalities in East Central Europe. New York; Oxford: Berghahn, 2005.
* Guardians of the nation: activists on the language frontiers of imperial Austria. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.
* The Habsburg Empire. A New History. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts)/London 2016, ISBN 9780674047761
* Habsburg: Geschichte eines Imperiums: 1740 - 1918. München: C.H. Beck, 2017.
* “Nationalism in the Era of the Nation State” in Helmut W. Smith, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, Oxford University Press, 2011.
* “Nationalism and Indifference” in Habsburg Neu Denken. Vielfalt und Ambivalenz in Zentraleuropa. 30 Kulturwissenschatliche Stichworte.Vienna: Böhlau, 2016.
# World Gymnaestrada 2019

The World Gymnaestrada 2019 (officially: 16th World Gymnaestrada 2019 Dornbirn) took place from July 7 to July 13, 2019 in Dornbirn in Vorarlberg (Austria). It was the second time that the World Gymnaestrada was held in Dornbirn. The event brought over 18,000 athletes from 66 federations and hundreds of guests to Vorarlberg.

## Venues

The venues for the World Gymnaestrada 2019 were spread throughout the Vorarlberg Rhine Valley. The large group performances were held in Bregenz next to the Lake of Constance. The opening and the closing events as well as the Dornbirn Special were held in the Birkenwiese Stadium in Dornbirn. The Trade Exhibition Centre Dornbirn was used for the group performances and almost all events in the evening. Moreover, there were eight open-air stages in the centres of different towns and villages.
About 5,000 athletes from 20 nations participated in the closing event in the Birkenwiese Stadium on July 13, 2019.

## Organisation

The participating countries were housed in so-called "National Villages", meaning that all participants from the same country were accommodated in the same town in Vorarlberg.

## Goals

The World Gymnaestrada aims to promote the value and versatility of general gymnastics around the world and arouse people's interest in exercise and sports activities. General gymnastics brings together gymnasts from different cultural backgrounds to contribute to a better understanding between peoples. In addition, it aims to promote health, fitness and global solidarity.
# Summit Range

The Summit Range is a mountain range in San Bernardino County, California.
They are one of the eastern limits of the Fremont Valley, and in the Mojave Desert.
# Giuseppe Tovini

Giuseppe Antonio Tovini (14 March 1841 – 16 January 1897) was an Italian banker and lawyer who became a member of the Secular Franciscan Order. He was one of the founder of Banca di Valle Camonica, Banca San Paolo di Brescia and Banco Ambrosiano. His nephew was Mosè Tovini.
He was beatified in 1998 after a miracle was found to have been attributed to his intercession. The cause still continues as it awaits confirmation of another miracle.

## Biography

Giuseppe Antonio Tovini was born in 1841 as the first of seven children to Mosè Tovini and Rosa Malaguzzi. He went to high school in Bergamo from 1852 to 1858, and later graduated from the University of Pavia in August 1865. He then moved to Brescia in 1867 to become a lawyer and obtained all the appropriate qualifications to become a lawyer in 1868.
He later married Emilia Corbolani on 6 January 1875 and they went on to have a total of ten children. One son became a Jesuit priest and two daughters became nuns. From 1871 to 1874, Tovini served as the mayor of Cividate Camuno, his birthplace. As mayor, he made important decisions in the life of the city from promoting the establishment of banks to the construction of infrastructure like railway lines.
Tovini also became a member of the Secular Franciscan Order and was among the founders of a Catholic newspaper which published its first edition in 1878 after its founding on 3 April. He founded Banca di Valle Camonica in 1872, Banca San Paolo di Brescia in Brescia in 1888, Banco Ambrosiano in Milan in 1896.
In 1882 he founded Saint Joseph's Kindergarten and he also established other Catholic institutions.
He died in 1897 with a reputation for personal holiness.

## Beatification

The cause of beatification was introduced on 14 April 1977 under Pope Paul VI despite the fact that a process had been opened in 1948 and closed in 1957. Another process - a historical commission - continued to investigate the cause from 1992 to 1993 which resulted in the Positio being submitted in 1993 to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints for further evaluation.
Pope John Paul II declared he lived a life of heroic virtue and made him Venerable on 6 April 1995 and approved a miracle attributed to his intercession on 18 December 1997. He was beatified on 20 September 1998.
# Golden Hill Platform railway station

Golden Hill Platform railway station served the suburb of Golden Hill, Pembrokeshire, Wales, from 1909 to 1940 on the Pembroke and Tenby Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 1 July 1909 by the Great Western Railway. It closed on 5 February 1940.
# Halcro (disambiguation)

Halcro is a district in Saskatchewan, Canada. Halcro may also refer to:
* Halcro, Orkney, Scotland
* Halcro and Pakashan, an Indian reserve in Alberta, Canada
* Andrew Halcro (born 1964), American politician
* Jamie Halcro Johnston, British politician