OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mederdra (department)

Mederdra is a department of Trarza Region in Mauritania.

## List of municipalities in the department

The Boutilimit department is made up of following communes:
* Boeir Tores
* El Khatt
* Mederdra
* Taguilalett
* Tiguent
# John Edward (civil servant)

John Edward (born 22 September 1968) is Head of Operations of the Scottish Council on Global Affairs Scotland's first international relations institute, previously a charity CEO, an EU and Scottish civil servant and campaigner.

## Education

John Edward was educated at the University of St Andrews (Scottish History), the University of Glasgow and the Università per Stranieri di Siena.

## Career

After working as a stagiaire (intern) in ECHO (European Commission) in Brussels, John Edward worked for the European Policy Centre as personal assistant to Max Kohnstamm.
He was employed for 5 years as the EU Policy Manager by Scotland Europa.
John Edward was then Parliamentary Manager for Scottish Enterprise then served as Head of the Office in Scotland of the European Parliament from 2003 to 2009.
From 2010 to 2023, John Edward was Director of the Scottish Council of Independent Schools.

## European campaigning

John Edward was Chief Campaign Spokesman for Scotland Stronger in Europe, the discrete Scottish campaign to Remain in the European Union during the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum.
From 2016 to 2018, John Edward represented Scotland for Open Britain. In 2018-19 he chaired media events for the Scotland element of the People's Vote campaign.
He contributed a chapter on "Soft power in hard times" to the 2017 IPPR publication, "Scotland, the UK and Brexit: A guide to the future". In 2023, he wrote for Encompass Europe on the 25th anniversary of devolution and the European Union.
He was a Liberal Democrat candidate in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom, for the Scotland region.

## Other activities

John Edward served on the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament's Commission on Parliamentary Reform which produced a Report on how the Scottish Parliament can engage better with the people of Scotland and how its work can be improved to deliver better scrutiny in 2017.
He was a member of the Steel Commission on “Moving Towards Federalism” from 2003 to 2006, and a member of the Campbell Commission on “Home and Community Rule” from 2011 to 2012.
John Edward is a trustee of the Scottish European Educational Trust, a non-political charity which promotes unbiased education about Europe and the wider world and encourages language learning amongst young people throughout Scotland. He is a board member of the Association of Governing Boards of Independent Schools, and member of the Scottish Commission on School Reform, hosted by Reform Scotland. Colleges Scotland published an article in 2023 on the International potential of Scotland's Colleges.
# John Pfaff

John F. Pfaff is an American law professor at Fordham University. He previously served as a John M. Olin Fellow at the Northwestern University School of Law and as a clerk for Judge Stephen F. Williams on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was educated at the University of Chicago. His 2017 book Locked In argues that conventional wisdom regarding the causes of high rates of incarceration in the United States is wrong, arguing that, for example, the war on drugs has played a much smaller role than generally thought. Instead, he argues that rising violent crime rates and prosecutorial discretion were major factors in the rise in America's incarceration rate.
# Mundet station

Mundet is a Barcelona Metro station, in the Horta-Guinardó district of Barcelona, which takes its name from the Recinte Mundet, an adjacent area that now houses a campus of the University of Barcelona. The station is served by line L3.
The station is located underneath the Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron and the Ronda de Dalt expressway, between Avinguda de Can Marcet and Passeig dels Castanyers. Access to the station is provided by an underground passageway allowing passengers to cross under the Ronda de Dalt; access is by stairs, escalators, and elevators north of the station, and level to the south, allowing the station to be supplied with natural light. One level below the passageway is a single 100-metre (330 ft) long island platform served by two flanking tracks.
The station was opened in 2001, when the section of line L3 from Montbau station to Canyelles station was inaugurated. It was designed by Ventura Valcarce.

## Gallery

* Artwork in the station access
* Underground passage
# Gusići

Gusići may refer to:
* Gusići, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a village near Goražde
* Gusić family, one of the medieval Croatian noble families
# Punctelia involuta

Punctelia involuta is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2010 by Luciana Canêz and Marcelli Marcelo. It is a member of the Punctelia microsticta species group, a set of related Punctelia lichens with a black lower surface and similar morphology. The type specimen of Punctelia involuta was collected in São Luiz do Paraitinga at the Serra do Mar State Park. In an open forest there it was found growing on mosses at the base of a thin, rotting Myrtaceae trunk; the elevation was 975 m (3,200 ft).
The thallus of Punctelia involuta is whitish, measuring 22 by 11 cm (8.7 by 4.3 in). The lobes making up the thallus are irregularly branched with rounded tips, crowded closely together, and measure 2.5–6.5 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. They are involute (with the margins curled inwards somewhat), a feature for which the species is named. The medulla is white, while the lower surface of the thallus is black. Soralia and isidia are absent from the thallus surface. The conidia made by the lichen have a short threadlike (filiform) shape, and measure 7–9 μm.
In terms of reactivity to standard lichen spot tests, the upper cortex of Punctelia involuta is K+ (yellow, indicating the presence of atranorin), UV−; the medulla is K−, C–, KC−, P−, and UV−. The C− result of the medulla is one of the defining characteristics of this species that helps to distinguish it from other members in the Punctelia microsticta group.
# How Children Learn

How Children Learn is a nonfiction book by educator John Caldwell Holt, first published in 1967. A revised edition was released in 1983, with new chapters and commentaries. It is considered a prominent text in the homeschooling advocacy movement.
How Children Learn was Holt's second book and continues the argument of his earlier book How Children Fail in criticizing formal education. Like that book, it became a bestseller and, according to researcher Mel Allen, brought Holt considerable fame.
How Children Learn focuses on Holt's interactions with young children. The book is divided into five parts: "Games and Experiments," "Talk," "Reading," "Sports," and "Art, Maths and Other Things," each of which contains his observations of children learning. From them, he attempts to make sense of how and why children do the things they do. The central thesis of his work is that children learn most effectively by their own motivation and on their own terms. He writes that it encourages children to develop coping mechanisms and focus on getting out of tasks teachers want them to do, rather than encouraging them to learn.
# Nisista

Nisista is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Francis Walker in 1860.

## Species

* Nisista galearia (Guenée, 1857)
* Nisista notodontaria Walker, 1860
* Nisista serrata (Walker, 1857)
# HMAS HDML 1321

HMAS HDML 1321, also known as Rushcutter was a 58-ton Harbour Defence Motor Launch (HMDL) of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Built by Purdon & Featherstone, Battery Point, Hobart, Tasmania and commissioned into the RAN on 11 November 1943, being the first Australian-built HDML to be commissioned and the last HDML in RAN service. She was assigned to Z Special Unit and delivered commandos for the 1945 ill-fated raid on Muschu Island. She was later reclassified as a Seaward Defence Boat and put into reserve after the war. She was recommissioned as HMAS Rushcutter (ML 1321) in 1953 and used as an unarmed training vessel for the Royal Australian Naval Reserve and Australian Navy Cadets until 1970. Paid off in August 1971, she was converted to pleasure craft MV Rushcutter and is now based in Darwin.
Rushcutter was moved from its mooring in Cossack Creek to the Small Boat Anchorage between Stokes Hill Wharf and the East Arm Wharf in 2016 while it was being offered for sale. It sank there on 19 October 2016. The hull, without any significant deck or hull structures, was raised and landed in July 2018; the wreck was bought by the conservation group from the owner, Ms Geddes, for a nominal AU$2. In mid July 2018, it was refloated by using buoyancy assistance and pumps, then removed from the water for further preservation.

## Citations

* ↑ Gillett 1986, p. 37.
* ↑ Dennis 2006, p. 54.
* ↑ "World War II boat rescued from watery resting place in Darwin Harbour". ABC News. 15 July 2018.
* ↑ MV Rushcutter: World War II boat rescued from watery resting place in Darwin Harbour, Felicity James, ABC News, 2018-07-16
# 2018 Tianjin Open – Doubles

Irina-Camelia Begu and Sara Errani were the defending champions, but Errani is serving a doping suspension. Begu played alongside Barbora Krejčíková, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Han Xinyun and Darija Jurak.
Nicole Melichar and Květa Peschke won the title, defeating Monique Adamczak and Jessica Moore in the final, 6–4, 6–2.

## Seeds

* Irina-Camelia Begu / Barbora Krejčíková (quarterfinals)
* Gabriela Dabrowski / Xu Yifan (withdrew)
* Nicole Melichar / Květa Peschke (champions)
* Kaitlyn Christian / Desirae Krawczyk (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | I-C Begu B Krejčíková | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Y Liu M Wang | 2 | 0 | | 1 | I-C Begu B Krejčíková | 4 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Santamaria Y Sizikova | 2 | 1 | | | X Han D Jurak | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | X Han D Jurak | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | X Han D Jurak | 4 | 6 | [5] | | | | |
| 4 | K Christian D Krawczyk | 2 | 6 | [4] | | | | | | | M Adamczak J Moore | 6 | 1 | [10] | | | | |
| | L Arruabarrena T Bacsinszky | 6 | 4 | [10] | | L Arruabarrena T Bacsinszky | 6$^3$ | 1$^r$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Adamczak J Moore | 6 | 1 | [10] | | M Adamczak J Moore | 7$^7$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Duan Y Wang | 4 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | | | | | M Adamczak J Moore | 4 | 2 |
| | M Doi E Wacanno | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | N Melichar K Peschke | 6 | 6 |
| | X Jiang Q Tang | 4 | 4 | | | M Doi E Wacanno | 3 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Rodina A Tomljanović | 3 | 6 | [6] | 3 | N Melichar K Peschke | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | N Melichar K Peschke | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | 3 | N Melichar K Peschke | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| WC | H Guo L Zhu | 5 | 3 | | | | | | | | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 6 | 3 | [6] | | | | |
| | J Cako P Thombare | 7 | 6 | | | J Cako P Thombare | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 7$^7$ | 1 | [10] | | N Dzalamidze V Kudermetova | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | A Raina E Webley-Smith | 6$^4$ | 6 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# John Dunn (cricketer)

John Dunn (8 June 1862 – 10 October 1892) was an English first-class cricketer who played with Surrey and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). He also played cricket for Hong Kong later in his career.
Dunn was educated at Harrow School and played his cricket as an amateur. A right-handed batsman, he made four first-class appearances for Surrey in 1881 and two for the MCC the following year. Although he was used as a specialist batsman he struggled in his matches, except for an innings of 38 not out which he made when playing with Surrey against Kent at Mote Park. His only other first-class match was for the Gentlemen of England, whom he represented against I Zingari in 1889.
After serving as a cadet at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, Dunn joined the Liverpool Regiment in 1882 and was promoted to the rank of captain seven years later. In 1889 he was posted to Hong Kong with the Army Service Corps and began playing cricket for the UK territory.
He represented the Hong Kong cricket team in Interport matches, during 1891 and 1892. In a match against Shanghai which Hong Kong hosted, Dunn scored 107 to help his team win by an innings and 123 runs. Later that year in October, Hong Kong played an away match against Shanghai and travelled home on the SS Bokhara, which sank in a typhoon off the coast of Formosa. Dunn was killed along with ten of his teammates.
# Jaguar S-Type

Jaguar S-Type is the name of two vehicles:
* Jaguar S-Type (1963) (1963–1968)
* Jaguar S-Type (1999) (1999–2008)
* 1963–1968 Jaguar S-Type
* 1999–2007 Jaguar S-Type
# Mundesley-on-Sea railway station

Mundesley railway station was a railway station on the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway in Mundesley, Norfolk. It opened on 1 July 1898.
The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1938 to 1939. Two coaches were positioned here by Eastern Region of British Railways in 1952, then four coaches from 1953 to 1958, then ten for 1959 reducing to six coaches from 1960 to 1964, 3 coaches remained for the 1965 season despite the station having closed.
On 7 April 1953 the station became the terminus of the line from North Walsham when the route to Cromer closed. In 1964 the remainder of the route was closed.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Trimingham | Norfolk and Suffolk Cromer Line | Paston & Knapton |
# Woolston Eyes

Woolston Eyes is a Site of Special Scientific Interest located in the town of Warrington, England, alongside the Manchester Ship Canal. The eyes themselves are used for the deposition of dredgings from the Ship Canal under a Waste Management Licence issued by the Environment Agency.
The Woolston Eyes Conservation Group manages the site as a nature reserve with access by permit only. The rather strange name for the site is from Anglo-Saxon, ees meaning the land near a loop in a river.

## Wildlife

It is the premier UK site for breeding black-necked grebes and a stronghold for the willow tit, and other breeding birds include little grebe, great crested grebe, shelduck, Eurasian teal, Northern shoveler, water rail, common cuckoo, common kingfisher, common grasshopper warbler and Eurasian reed warbler. Woolston Eyes also supports nationally important wintering numbers of Northern shoveler, Eurasian teal gadwall and common pochard. There are 12 species of herpetofauna recorded, including sand lizard, smooth snake, natterjack toad and all three native British species of newt. It is also home to 21 species of Odonata, dragonflies and damselfies, out of 58 species found in Britain, as well as 26 species of butterfly.

## Management

Woolston Eyes Conservation Group, a voluntary organisation formed in 1979, manages the rich and varied wildlife of the deposit grounds with the agreement of the Manchester Ship Canal Company. Its aim is to promote the study and conservation of the wildlife and habitat of the area with particular regard to the ornithology. The group undertakes management work to preserve or maximise the ornithological value of the Reserve, provides and maintains hides for the use of the public and permit holders, keeps the paths open and discourages disturbance. The group produces an Annual Report which summarises the work carried out and the results obtained including the scientific study of the flora and fauna of the Reserve. To carry out this work the group raises funds by the sale of Permits, Annual Reports and by applying for grants from various organisations.
# Puente de Alcántara

The Puente de Alcántara is a Roman arch bridge in Toledo, Spain, spanning the River Tagus. The word Alcántara comes from Arabic القنطرة (al-qanţarah), which means "arch".
Located at the foot of the Castillo de San Servando, it was built by the Romans after they founded the city. In the Middle Ages it was one of the few entrances for pilgrims into the city.
It currently has two arches. There is evidence of its construction in Roman times, at the founding of Toletum. It was damaged and rebuilt in the 10th century, at which time a third arch disappeared, reduced to a gate with a horseshoe arch. It was one of the only bridges that gave access to the city and in the Middle Ages it was the obligatory entry for all pilgrims.
During the reign of Alfonso X of Castile it suffered serious damage due to flooding and was rebuilt. The western tower belongs to this period, later decorated under the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, whose arms decorate its walls. The fruit of the pomegranate (the emblem of Granada) is missing from them, because the Reconquista had not finished at that time.
The eastern tower was replaced by a Baroque triumphal arch in 1721, because of its ruinous state.
It was declared a national cultural monument in 1921.
The bridge should not be confused with either the Alcántara Bridge in Alcántara or the Alconétar Bridge in the Extremadura region, both Roman bridges which cross the River Tagus further downstream.

## Gallery

* Elevated view of the bridge
* The Baroque triumphal arch
* The Alcántara Bridge, collotype, 1889
* Alcántara Bridge by Juan Laurent, c. 1864–1870, Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC
# Nisista serrata

Nisista serrata, the serrated crest-moth, is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1857. It is found in Australia, including Tasmania, Victoria and South Australia.
The wingspan is about 50 mm.
# JCO

JCO as an acronym may stand for:
* JCO (company), a Japanese nuclear fuel cycle company involved in the Tokaimura nuclear accident
* Jamaican Caves Organisation
* Jewish Combat Organization, a Jewish resistance group during World War II
* Journal of Clinical Oncology, a medical journal
* Joyce Carol Oates, American author
* Junior commissioned officer, a group of military ranks in the armies of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
* Junkers, a former German aircraft manufacturer
# Horkstow Roman villa

Horkstow Roman villa is a Roman villa and scheduled monument in Horkstow, North Lincolnshire. It was discovered in 1797 when labourers found a large floor mosaic. A geophysical survey of the site in 1987 identified structural features between the site of the mosaic and the nearby Horkstow Hall, though the full layout of the villa has not yet been discovered.

## Mosaic

The mosaics were retained in situ until 1927 when they were moved to the British Museum. They were transferred to Hull and East Riding Museum in 1976. The mosaic consists of three panels. The first depicts Orpheus, the second is known as the 'painted ceiling' and includes several scenes from classical mythology, and the third depicts a chariot race. The Orpheus mosaic is one of thirteen examples of this subject from Roman Britain and is one of the two most northerly examples; the other being at the nearby Winterton Roman villa.
# The Antidote (Fashawn album)

The Antidote is a mixtape by American hip hop recording artists Fashawn, released on September 9, 2009. Compiled and produced entirely by The Alchemist, the mixtape served as a warmup for Fashawn's debut solo album Boy Meets World, which was released on October 22, 2009. The mixtape contains 11 original tracks, with guest appearances from Bravo, Roc C, Oh No and The Alchemist himself.

## Track listing

All tracks are produced by The Alchemist.
# 2013 Distalnet Tennis Cup

The 2013 Distalnet Tennis Cup was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2013 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Todi, Italy between 1 and 7 July 2013.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ESP | Albert Ramos | 62 | 1 |
| ITA | Paolo Lorenzi | 73 | 2 |
| COL | Santiago Giraldo | 91 | 3 |
| ARG | Martín Alund | 101 | 4 |
| POR | João Sousa | 106 | 5 |
| SVK | Andrej Martin | 149 | 6 |
| ARG | Renzo Olivo | 195 | 7 |
| ITA | Gianluca Naso | 207 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of June 24, 2013.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Andrea Arnaboldi
* Marco Cecchinato
* Thomas Fabbiano
* Albert Ramos
The following players received entry using a protected ranking:
* Pere Riba
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Richard Becker
* Alberto Brizzi
* Mate Delić
* Adelchi Virgili

## Champions
### Singles

* Pere Riba def. Santiago Giraldo 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 2–6, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$

### Doubles

* Santiago Giraldo / Cristian Rodríguez def. Andrea Arnaboldi / Gianluca Naso 4–6, 7–6$^{(7–2)}$, [10–3]
# Mundet

Mundet may refer to:
* Agustí Garriga i Mundet, mayor of the Spanish and Catalan city of Girona in 1891
* Artur Mundet i Carbó, a Catalan-Mexican entrepreneur and philanthropist
* CV AA Llars Mundet, a volleyball team in the Spanish and Catalan city of Barcelona
* Jeroni Granell i Mundet, a Catalan architect and road planner
* Mundet metro station, in the Spanish and Catalan city of Barcelona
* Parque Arturo Mundet, a park in Mexico City
* Prisco Mundet, a form of cream soda from Mexico
* Recinte Mundet, an area of the Spanish and Catalan city of Barcelona that now houses a campus of the University of Barcelona
* Sidral Mundet, an apple-flavored carbonated soft drink from Mexico