OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Henning Eiler Petersen

Henning Eiler (Ejler) Petersen (22 August 1877 – 22 May 1946) was a Danish mycologist, botanist and marine biologist. He made a major contribution to unveiling the mysterious die-back of eel grass in Northern European waters in the early 20th century as a pathogen outbreak.
Petersen's main research was in what was then known as lower fungi – Chytridiomycota and Oomycetes, but he also studied the systematics of Red algae. Parallel to these lines of research, he investigated the intraspecific morphological variation in plant species – which would today be called quantitative genetics.
The Oomycete genus Petersenia is named to his honour.

## Selected scientific bibliography

* Petersen, H.E. (1903) Notes sur les Phycomycètes observés dans les téguments vides des nymphes de Phryganées avec description de trios espèces nouvelles de Chytridinées. Journal de Botanique 17 (6–7): 214–222.
* Petersen, H.E. (1905) Contributions à la connaissance des Phycomycètes marins (Chrytridinæ Fischer). Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 1905 (5): 439–488
* Petersen, H.E. (1908) Danske Arter af Slægten Ceramium (Roth) Lyngbye [with French summary]. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter - Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdeling, 7.Rk., vol. 5 (2).
* Petersen, H.E. (1908) The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants (ed. E. Warming. 1. Ericinæ (Ericaceae, Pirolaceae). 2. The biological anatomy of them leaves and stems. Meddelelser om Grønland 36: 73–138.
* Petersen, H.E. (1908) The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants (ed. E. Warming. 2. Diapensiaceae. Diapensia lapponica. Meddelelser om Grønland 36: 139–154.
* Petersen, H.E. (1910) An account of Danish freshwater Phycomycetes, with biological and systematical remarks. Annales Mycologici 8: 494–560.
* Ostenfeld, C.H. & Petersen, H.E. (1930) On a new Plasmodiophoracea found in Canada. Zeitschrift für Botanik 23: 13–18.
* Petersen, H. E. (1915) Indledende Studier over Polymorfien hos Anthriscus silvestris (L.) Hoffm. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 1: 1–150.
* Petersen, H.E. (1924) Studier over Polymorphien hos Vaccinium uliginosum. Botanisk Tidsskrift 38 (3).
* Petersen, H.E. (1921) Nogle Studier over Pimpinella saxifraga L. Botanisk Tidsskrift 37: 222–240.
* Petersen, H.E. (1922) Études ultérieures sur la polymorphie de l'Anthriscus silvester (L.) Hoffm. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 4: 1–28.
* Petersen, H.E. (1926) Über die Variation der Potentilla erecta (L.) Dalla Torre. Botanisk Tidsskrift 39: 368–374.
* Petersen, H.E. (1933) Wasting disease in eel grass (Zostera marina). Nature 134: 143–144.
* Petersen, H.E. (1935) Preliminary report on the disease of eel-grass (Zostera marina L.). Report from the Danish Biological Station 40: 3–8.
# Net neutrality in Singapore

Since June 2011, Singapore has had a law governing net neutrality, which promised all internet users would be treated equally on the internet. It prevents them from being discriminated against or charged differently based on the user, content, site, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication.

## History
### 2011

Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) publishes the Policy Framework for Net Neutrality on 16 June 2011.

### 2014

On 3 March 2014, there is the first attempt of Singtel CEO to convince the public about net neutrality. The reaction of Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) was prompt. Then on 21 November 2014: Obama's call for net neutrality. What is Singapore's position on the issue?

### 2015

Chua Sock Koong comes back again on 22 January 2015 and makes the same statements as one year before. In the meantime, the local press publishes an article about how strong net neutrality rules are. On 12 March 2015 there is a publication which basically says that Singaporeans don't need to stand up for Net Neutrality (yet).

## Legal aspects
### Completed Consultations and Decisions

There is a Policy Framework for Net Neutrality, dated back to the 16 June 2011 (originally 11 November 2010), published by the IDA.
Although IDA documents for ISP license promotes net neutrality, it does not enforce it completely. Also, they do not prohibit ISP from throttling their service in accordance with their business interests. At that time, they already referenced to: Net neutrality in the United States on Wikipedia within their Response to the Policy Framework for Net Neutrality which dated back to 16 June 2011.

### Pending Decisions

On 15 April 2015 Infocomm Development Authority (IDA) published an update on "The Internet Protocol Transit and Peering Landscape in Singapore" which is closely related to the overall net neutrality discussion.
# Wilis

Wilis may refer to:
* Mount Wilis
* Wili, a type of supernatural being in Slavic folklore
** Giselle or Giselle ou les Wilis, a ballet
# Henry Maddock

Henry Maddock (died 1824) was an English barrister and legal author.

## Life

The eldest son of Henry Maddock of Lincoln's Inn, barrister-at-law, resided for a time at, but took no degree from, St John's College, Cambridge. On 25 April 1796 he entered Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the bar in Michaelmas term 1801, and afterwards practised as an equity draftsman. He died on Saint Lucia, in the West Indies, in August 1824.

## Works

Maddock published:
* The Power of Parliaments considered in a Letter to a Member of Parliament, London, 1799; an argument against the legislative union with Ireland, based on an alleged inherent incapacity of the Irish parliament to part with its own powers.
* A Vindication of the Privileges of the House of Commons, in answer to Sir Francis Burdett's Address, London, 1810.
* The first part of An Account of the Life and Writings of Lord Chancellor Somers, including Remarks on the Public Affairs in which he was engaged, and the Bill of Rights, with a Comment, London, 1812.
* A Treatise on the Principles and Practice of the High Court of Chancery, London, 1815, 2 vols.; a second edition, enlarged, appeared in 1820, and a third in 1837, 2 vols.
* Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Court of the Vice-Chancellor of England during the time of Sir Thomas Plumer, Knt., London, 1817–22, 5 vols.
# Albert K. Fiadjoe

Albert K. Fiadjoe is a Ghanaian and Barbadian academic and an Emeritus Professor of Public Law.

## Early life and education

Fiadjoe was born in Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. He earned his LL.B (Hons.) from the University of Ghana, as well as an LL.M and a PhD from the University of London. He was a former dean of the faculty of law in Barbados and rose to become a professor (emeritus) of public law at the University of the West Indies.

## Career
### Academia

Fiadjoe is an emeritus professor of public law and a former consultant with Fugar and Company. He is a legal consultant and academician in the areas of corporate law, comparative law, arbitration and alternative dispute resolution and public law. He was a visiting professor of law at Florida State University and Howard University, and a senior lecturer in the faculty of law, University of the West Indies. Fiadjoe is a former Council Member of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which he is a Fellow.

### Constitution Review Commission

Fiadjoe was appointed by President Mills to chair a nine-member Constitution Review Commission of the Republic of Ghana 2010 to 2012. The commission was established to ascertain views on the operation of Ghana's 1992 Fourth Republican Constitution, and in particular its strengths and weaknesses. The commission received 83, 616 submissions gathered from regional and districts fora, mini consultations with relevant organizationsbas well as Africans in the Diaspora. The commission prepared a 960-page report and completed its work in 2012. The Government published a White Paper in response to the report and recommendations of the Commission

### International organizations

Fiadjoe has consulted for the European Union (EU), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, the Organisation of American States (OAS), the Commonwealth Secretariat and the Inter-American Development Bank, among others.
Fiadjoe is a Member of the Ghana Bar Association, the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), a Barrister and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Ghana, a Notary Public, Arbitrator and Restructuring and Insolvency Practitioner.
# Pomerania-Wolgast

The Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast, also known as the Duchy of Wolgast, and the Duchy of Wołogoszcz, was a feudal duchy in Western Pomerania within the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Wolgast. It was ruled by the Griffin dynasty. It existed in the Late Middle Ages era from 1295 to 1478.
The state was formed in 1160, in the partition of the Duchy of Pomerania, with duke Bogislaw IV, as its first ruler. In 1478, the state was incorporated into the re-unified Duchy of Pomerania, under the rule of duke Bogislaw X. During its existence, part of its territory was partitioned into Pomerania-Stolp (1368), Pomerania-Neustettin (1368), Pomerania-Barth (1376), and Pomerania-Stargard (1377).

## Symbols

The coat of arms of the duchy was the escutcheon separated into two halves, with the upper half being red, and lower half, a blue and yellow (gold) checker. In the upper half is placed white (silver) upper half of a Griffin. It was originally the coat of arms of the Bernstein Land.

## List of rulers

* Bogislaw IV (1295–1309)
* Wartislaw IV (1309–1326)
* Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V, and Barnim IV (1326–1365)
* Bogislaw V and Wartislaw V (1365–1368)
* Bogislaw VI and Wartislaw VI (1368–1376)
* Bogislaw VI (1376–1393)
* Wartislaw VI (1393–1394)
* Barnim VI (1394–1405)
* Barnim VII and Wartislaw IX (1405–1451)
* Wartislaw IX (1451–1457)
* Eric II (1457–1474)
* Wartislaw X (1474–1478)
# Prenois

Prenois (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is best known for the Dijon-Prenois racetrack.
# Kargalik

Kargalık may refer to:
* Kargalık, Korkuteli, a village in Antalya Province, Turkey
* Kargalık, Sarıkaya [tr], a village in Sarıkaya district, Yozgat Province, Turkey
* Kargalık, historic name of two villages, now merged into Corbu, Constanța, Romania
# 1835 in Germany

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1835 in Germany

## Incumbents

* Kingdom of Prussia
** Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
* Kingdom of Bavaria
** Monarch - Ludwig I (1825–1848)
* Kingdom of Saxony
** Anthony (5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836)
* Kingdom of Hanover
** William IV (26 June 1830 to 1837)
* Kingdom of Württemberg
** William (1816–1864)

## Events

* 3 October – The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.
* November/December – The German Federal Convention prohibits circulation of work by members of the "Young Germany" group of writers (Karl Gutzkow, Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Laube, Theodor Mundt and Ludolf Wienbarg) and the exiled poet Heinrich Heine.
* 7 December – The Bavarian Ludwig Railway opens between Nuremberg and Fürth, with a train hauled by the British-built Der Adler ("The Eagle"), the first railway in Germany.
* unknown dates
** David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet ("The life of Jesus, critically examined") in Tübingen.
** Cell division is first observed under the microscope by German botanist Hugo von Mohl as he works over green algae Cladophora glomerata.

## Births

* 24 June – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist (d. 1902)
* 7 October – Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)
* 31 October – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
* 6 December – Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig, German chemist (d. 1910)

## Deaths

* 18 March – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat (b. 1769)
* 4 April – Friedrich August von Klinkowström, German artist, author and teacher (born 1778)
* 8 April – Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher (b. 1767)
* 18 August – Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist (born 1776)
* 20 August – Friedrich Rehberg, German portrait and historical painter (born 1758)
* 20 November – Joseph von Baader, German railway pioneer (b. 1763)
* 29 November – Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jérôme Bonaparte (b. 1783)
# Springvale Aerodrome

Springvale Aerodrome (TC LID: CGV7) is located 1.6 nautical miles (3.0 km; 1.8 mi) west of Springvale, Ontario, Canada.
# Tage Holmberg

Tage Holmberg (1913–1989) was a Swedish film editor. He also directed two films.

## Selected filmography

* The Two of Us (1939)
* Oh, What a Boy! (1939)
* Home from Babylon (1941)
* Fransson the Terrible (1941)
* Johansson and Vestman (1946)
* Sunshine Follows Rain (1946)
* It Rains on Our Love (1946)
* A Ship Bound for India (1947)
* Crime in the Sun (1947)
* The Girl from the Marsh Croft (1947)
* Don't Give Up (1947)
* Private Karlsson on Leave (1947)
* Life at Forsbyholm Manor (1948)
* Loffe as a Millionaire (1948)
* Bom the Flyer (1952)
* Hidden in the Fog (1953)
# James O. Goldsborough

James Oliver Goldsborough (1936-2023) was an American journalist and author, born in New York City of a family with roots in Pittsburgh. Brought up in Los Angeles, he graduated from UCLA with a degree in economics. After serving two years in the U.S. Army he attended UC Berkeley Law School and Mexico City College.
His journalism career spanned 40 years, a half-dozen publications and two continents. The last 13 years were spent in San Diego, first with the Evening Tribune and then with the Union-Tribune, where he specialized in editorials and columns about foreign policy.
He died at his home in San Diego on May 22, 2023.

## Career

He worked for the San Francisco Examiner, Honolulu Advertiser, Arizona Republic, New York Herald Tribune, International Herald Tribune, Toronto Star, Newsweek, San Jose Mercury News, and San Diego Union-Tribune, winning numerous awards along the way. He was the Edward R. Murrow fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in 1973-'74 and senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1979-'83, where he published Rebel Europe: Living with a Changing Continent, called by Los Angeles Times reviewer Charles Champlin "the most important book I have read in years."
He was author of numerous articles on foreign affairs for Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, the New York Times Sunday Magazine, Fortune, and the Reader's Digest. He was written monographs for the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, the Stimson Center and Politique Etrangère. His history of negotiations among the New York Times, Washington Post and Whitney Communications to form the International Herald Tribune was published in the July/August 1974 edition of the Columbia Journalism Review. In 2008, his family memoir, Misfortunes of Wealth, about the great fortunes made by the steel families of Pittsburgh, was published by The Local History Company. The Paris Herald, a fictional account of the creation of the International Herald Tribune in 1967, was published in 2014, followed by Waiting for Uncle John in 2018, an historical novel about the first U.S. invasion of Cuba, the so-called Lopez intervention of 1851.
Goldsborough became editorial page editor of the San Diego Tribune in 1991, and from 1992 to 2004 was foreign affairs columnist for the San Diego Union Tribune, resigning from the newspaper in December 2004 over the publisher's killing of a column explaining why Jewish voters overwhelmingly cast their presidential ballots for John Kerry. The article was subsequently published in the New York The Jewish Daily Forward under the headline "Too Hot for San Diego."

## Books

* Rebel Europe: Living with a Changing Continent (Macmillan, 1983)
* Misfortunes of Wealth (The Local History Company, 2008)
* The Paris Herald (fiction) (Prospecta Press, April 2014)
* Waiting for Uncle John (fiction) (Prospecta Press, February 2018)
# Insalata di riso

Insalata di riso (lit. 'rice salad'), also known as riso freddo (lit. 'cold rice'), is a typical Italian dish consumed during the summer, consisting of rice and other ingredients.

## Characteristics

The rice used can include parboiled rice, long grain rice or risone. The ingredients for the dressing, which are cut into small pieces and mixed with the rice, can include vegetables (cooked, raw or pickled), meat (e.g., frankfurter or ham), cheese, tuna or olives.

## Gallery

* Insalata di riso with rice, mayonnaise, curry powder, red vinegar, olive oil, shallots, green onions, dried apples and golden raisins
* Insalata di riso
* Insalata di riso served at the end of the procession of St. John the Baptist, patron saint of Esino Lario, Sunday 26 June 2016 (Wikimania 2016)
# Splende (song)

"Splende" (Italian for 'It shines') is a song by Italian singer Annalisa. It was released on 18 September 2015 through Warner Music Italy, as the fifth single from her fourth studio album with the same name.
The song peaked at number 24 on the Italian singles chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Splende", directed by Gaetano Morbioli, was released onto YouTube on 30 September 2015.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "Splende" :
| Chart (2015) | Peak position |
| Italy (FIMI) | 24 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Italy (FIMI) | Gold | 25,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# St John's Hospital, Stone

St John's Hospital was a mental health facility at Stone, Buckinghamshire, England.

## History

The hospital, which was designed by Thomas Henry Wyatt and David Brandon using a corridor layout, opened as the Buckinghamshire County Asylum in January 1853.
Additional wings to the main building and a detached chapel were added in the late 19th century.
It became Buckinghamshire Mental Hospital in 1919 and, after additional staff accommodation was built in the 1930s, it joined the National Health Service as St John's Hospital in 1948. An admissions building and a sports and social club were completed in 1959.
After the introduction of Care in the Community in the early 1980s, the hospital went into a period of decline and closed in 1991. Despite extensive local protests, the hospital buildings were subsequently demolished and the site redeveloped for residential use.
The hospital chapel survives and is a Grade II listed building.
# Tabriz–Ankara pipeline

The Tabriz–Ankara pipeline is a 2,577-kilometre (1,601 mi) long natural gas pipeline, which runs from Tabriz in north-west Iran to Ankara in Turkey.

## History

The construction of pipeline started in 1996 after signing a gas deal between Turkish and Iranian governments. The gas deal was signed on 30 August 1996. The pipeline was commissioned in July 2001.
The Iran-Turkey pipeline has allegedly been blown up several times by PKK fighters. In January 2008 gas supplies were stopped because of cut-off gas supplies from Turkmenistan. The supply was cut off again in February 2008 because of bad weather conditions.

## Technical features

The Turkish section, operated by BOTAŞ, cost US$600 million. The pipeline capacity is 14 bcm per year: Turkish normally imports about 11 billion cubic meters of gas a year through the pipeline. Just before Ankara it is linked to Blue Stream.

## Contracts

Negotiations are in progress to renew the current 25 year contract, for nearly 10 bcm per year, which expires end-2025 according to the Middle East Economic Survey (or end-July 2026 according to the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies$^{:22}$).
# Gray Lyda

Grady (Gray) Lyda (July 17, 1954 - December 14, 2015) was an American comic book artist and writer best known for his time travel series, Tempus Fugit, in Star*Reach magazine.

## Biography

Born in Dayton, Ohio, Grady Lyda's family moved to San Diego while he was still an infant. They later moved to Newport Beach, California, where Grady attended Newport Harbor High School. His first professional illustration was published in the April 1975 issue of Galaxy Magazine, and his first comic book story, Out of Space - Out of Time, appeared in Star*Reach issue # 6 (October 1976). This was followed by his Tempus Fugit series in Star*Reach issues 11, 13, 14, and 15.
During and after the publication of these stories, Lyda continued as a freelance artist for various companies. From 1978 to 1981, he worked for Hi-Point Enterprises/Spirit Accessories, a fashion accessory wholesaler in Hollywood, producing advertising, illustrations, catalogs and logos. The president of this company, Jerry Hasson, went on to create the Magic Pizza Family Entertainment Center on Sepulveda Boulevard in Manhattan Beach, California, a novelty restaurant with a fantasy/magic-themed environment. From 1982 to 1984, Lyda served as principal artist for Magic Pizza during the development and construction of the restaurant, designing its business identity as well as advertisements, brochures, business cards, logos, interior signage and posters.
Lyda also became a technical illustrator and graphic designer in the Defense/Aerospace industry. In 1978, he joined Mercury Consolidated, Inc., a busy job shop in Tustin, California, where he became an Art Department Supervisor and was granted a Secret Clearance in 1979. There, he made pick-ups and bids for out-sourced graphic-design jobs from prime contractors such as McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed, Hughes Aircraft, Rockwell International, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
In 1993, Lyda was hired by the Rockwell International Autonetics Electronic Systems Division in Anaheim where he worked in the Central Graphics Department generating manuals, proposals, ads, posters, schematics, vugraphs, slides, and government proposals. He was laid-off prior to the company's acquisition by Boeing in 1996.
He went on to work in the Creative Services Department of semiconductor manufacturer Conexant Systems Inc., formerly Rockwell Semiconductor Systems. Later, he was employed by Conexant's spin-off, Jazz Semiconductor (now TowerJazz), a wafer foundry in Newport Beach. Beginning in July 2009, he also worked as a Cast Member at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim.
# Tachi Palace Fights 10

Tachi Palace Fights 10 was a mixed martial arts event held by Tachi Palace Fights (TPF), on August 5, 2011 at the Tachi Palace Hotel and Casino in Lemoore, California.

## Background

Former TPF Featherweight Champion Isaac De Jesus was scheduled to take on Eddie Yagin in a bout for the vacant title, but it was announced on May 27, 2011 that former Bellator Featherweight Champion Joe Soto was to replace De Jesus because of a failed drugs test and subsequent suspension following TPF 9. The bout was still for the title.
On July 15, an undisclosed injury forced Andre Galvao out of his fight with Jorge Lopez.Strikeforce veteran David Marshall stepped in as Galvao's replacement.
TPF middleweight champion David Loiseau was originally slated to face Giva Santana, but had to pull out of the fight due to an undisclosed injury requiring surgery. Former WEC champion Doug Marshall took his place. He faced Santana in a middleweight non-title bout. The event was notable in that the free live stream provided on Sherdog.com was of unusually low quality, freezing for minutes at a time. As a result of this, a meme has started, dubbing TPF 10 as "Let the Stream Fail", rather than the events actual name,"Let the Chips Fall".

## Results

* ↑ For the Flyweight Championship.
* ↑ For the Featherweight Championship.
# Insalabou

Insalabou is a village in the Bassar Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-western Togo.
# Zhang Yufei

Zhang Yufei may refer to:
* Zhang Yufei (gymnast) (张育菲, born 1988), Chinese gymnast
* Zhang Yufei (swimmer) (张雨霏, born 1998), Chinese swimmer
# Hobli

A hobli, nad or mágani is a cluster of adjoining villages administered together for tax and land tenure purposes in the states of Karnataka India. This clustering of villages was formed mainly to streamline the collection of taxes and maintenance of land records by the revenue department of the state. Each hobli consists of several villages and several hoblis together form a taluk. Hobli are further subdivided into revenue-circles or revenue blocks known as firka or phut mágani.