OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1940: Myth and Reality

1940: Myth and Reality is a controversial 1990 book by British historian Clive Ponting. It is a revisionist history of the Second World War, particularly the divergences between the rhetoric and the reality in relation to popular British narratives of the Battle of Britain. The revisionism is different from that of, for example, The Battle of Britain: Myth and Reality, a 2000 book by British historian Richard Overy, and draws different (arguably more pessimistic) conclusions. The book caused a minor sensation when published, but few of the revelations were new, most having been published in other books in the previous 21 years.
The historiography of the period is a contentious one. Ponting claims that underlying realities that are far more complex and troubling are masked by the notions of 'Britain's finest hour' in the year of the Battle of Britain and the evacuation of Dunkirk, the other eulogising about the conflict and the lionisation of the premiership of Winston Churchill.
The lesson of 1940 in particular, according to Ponting, was that Britain was no longer a superpower: "So vulnerable was Britain in the summer of 1940 that secret plans were laid to sell out Ulster to the Republic of Ireland and the Falklands (a nice touch, this) to Argentina. As the money ran out, the British forfeited their independence and became a client state of the United States".
Ponting also analyses the role of propaganda transmitted by the government that also led to the creation of a façade that overstated underlying German casualty levels in the Battle of Britain and the parlous situation that led to Dunkirk. The question of the leadership of Churchill is examined and foreshadows Ponting's 1994 biography of Churchill, with the point made that the latter then addressed Parliament but rarely broadcast to the nation. The latter point has itself been contested, though the claim that an actor recorded Churchill's speeches has been found to be true.
# Kalathimadam

Kalathimadam is a village near Alangulam in Tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu, India.The Village derives its name from the Kalathivinayagar Temple which is located in the Village.The Village is located at a distance of about 1.7 km from the Alangulam. The village is well connected to alangulam through Mini bus service.

## Employment

This village has a number of people involved in agriculture, however now agriculture in this area is decreasing. This place is noted for the self-employed beedi workers. Most of the women are involved in beedi making. No major factory is available around this village. Daily wages is one of the main income for people. Totally 50 tractors workings for form. In this area well building work is famous. 20 well making machine here. Many people from this village are working in Indian Army/Air Force/Navy, BSF, CRPF as well as Tamil Nadu Police in various ranks.

## Temples

* Kalathi Vinayagar Alayam
* Amman Kovil
* Thalavai Sudalaimadan Thirukovil
* Nochiyadi Sudalai Madan Kovil
* THUSIMADASAMY KOVIL
* Ayya Vaikundasamy Koil
* Church of South India Church
* faith church of god (CHURCH)

## No of Teams

Black Rose Friends
Friends Cricket Club
Mass Royal Friends
Nadar Cricket Club
Love Star Group
# William Hughes Field

William Hughes Field (17 July 1861 – 13 December 1944) was a Member of Parliament in New Zealand; first for the Liberal Party, then Independent, and then for the Reform Party. He made a significant contribution to the development of tramping in the Tararua Range.

## Private life

Field was born in Wanganui in 1861, the fourth son of Henry Claylands Field (1825–1912) and his wife Margaret Symes Purlow. Field was a lawyer practising in Wellington first elected to parliament in the by-election after the death of the sitting member, his elder brother, Henry Augustus Field (1852–1899). Tom Field (1914–1919), MHR (Member of the House of Representatives) for Nelson, was a relative.
Field was a significant figure in the tramping history of the Tararua Range of which he helped to promote the development of its most popular tramping route, known as the Southern Crossing. Within the Tararuas, both Field Peak and Field Hut, the oldest remaining purpose-built tramping hut in New Zealand, are named after him. He was a founding member of the Tararua Tramping Club, one of the first of many tramping clubs in New Zealand.
He was closely associated with improvement to the railway services to his electorate, one train was known as "Field's Express", and the construction of the Tawa Flat tunnel. He also led the campaign for the electrification of the Johnsonville service extended to Paekākāriki in 1940 and, 70 years later, to his electorate at Waikanae in February 2011. With Charles Gray of Pukerua Bay he was largely responsible for the Centennial Highway on the narrow coastline south of Paekākāriki.
Field married Isabel Hodgkins at St. Paul's Cathedral, Dunedin on 26 April 1893. Also known as Cissy she was a daughter of Dunedin watercolourist William Mathew Hodgkins and sister of the celebrated painter Frances Hodgkins. They were to have two daughters and three sons. Eldest daughter Lydia married Noel Pharazyn.

## Member of Parliament

Field won the Otaki electorate in the Horowhenua District in 1900, but lost it to John Robertson of the Labour Party (who had been nominated by the flax-workers union) by 21 votes on the second ballot in 1911. He then won it back in 1914, and held it until he retired in 1935.
He replaced his brother, Henry Augustus Field, when he died in 1899. William Field stood as a Liberal in 1900 and was regarded as a 'country liberal' or 'freehold liberal' and therefore it is not surprising that he moved politically to support the Reform Party over time.
In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal and in 1937, he was awarded the King George VI Coronation Medal.

## Death

Field died in Wellington on 13 December 1944. He was survived by his wife and their five children.
# Steve Touchstone

Steve Touchton is an American musician who currently resides in Los Angeles. He was a founding member of the bands XBXRX and Kit. His current projects include the Noise music trio Remainderless and the Experimental music series Ex Im Ot.
# Tarentola protogigas

Tarentola protogigas is a species of geckos in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde, where it is found on the islands Fogo, Brava and the smaller Ilhéus Secos The species was named by Ulrich Joger in 1984.

## Taxonomy

Previously a subspecies Tarentola rudis protogigas, it was elevated to species status in 2012. Also, Tarentola rudis hartogi was placed under this species as Tarentola protogigas hartogi.

### Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* Tarentola protogigas hartogi Joger, 1993 - Brava and Ilhéus Secos
* Tarentola protogigas protogigas Joger, 1984 - Fogo
# 1938 Copa Ibarguren

The 1938 Copa Ibarguren was the 15th edition of the national cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Asociación Rosarina de Fútbol crowned during 1938.
Independiente (Primera División champion) faced Rosario Central (Liga Rosarina champion) at San Lorenzo de Almagro's venue, Estadio Gasómetro, in the Boedo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, on February 4, 1939. With three goals by forward Vicente de la Mata and two by striker Arsenio Erico, Independiente beat Central 5–3 and won its first Copa Ibarguren trophy.
By winning the Copa Ibarguren, Independiente had now won all of the competitions contested in Argentina in 1938 as the team had won the 1938 Copa Aldao two months earlier by beating Peñarol .

## Qualified teams

| Team | Qualification | Previous appearances |
| Independiente | 1938 Primera División champion | (none) |
| Rosario Central | 1938 Asociación Rosarina champion | 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1923, 1937 |
* Bold indicates winning years

## Match details

| Independiente | Rosario Central |
| GK | Lorenzo Bignone |
| DF | Fermín Lecea |
| DF | Sabino Coletta |
| MF | Luis Franzolini |
| MF | Raúl Leguizamón |
| MF | Celestino Martínez |
| FW | José Vilariño |
| FW | Vicente de la Mata |
| FW | Arsenio Erico |
| FW | Antonio Sastre |
| FW | Juan José Zorrilla |
| Manager: ||
| Guillermo Ronzoni ||
| GK | Juan Martínez |
| DF | Pedro Perucca |
| DF | Ignacio Díaz |
| MF | Clemente Verga |
| MF | Constancio Rivero |
| MF | Alfredo Fogel |
| FW | Francisco Rodríguez |
| FW | Salvador Laporta |
| FW | Roberto D'Alessandro |
| FW | Luis Amaya |
| FW | Aníbal Maffei |
| Manager: ||
| Natalio Molinari ||
# 2003 Beninese parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Benin on 30 March 2003. The result was a victory for the parties of the pro-government Presidential Movement supporting President Mathieu Kérékou, which won 52 of the 83 seats.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
| | Union for Future Benin | | | 31 |
| | African Movement for Development and Progress | | | 9 |
| | Key Force | | | 5 |
| | MDC–PS–CPP Alliance | | | 2 |
| | Impulse to Progress and Democracy | | | 2 |
| | Alliance of the Forces of Progress | | | 1 |
| | Movement for Development and Solidarity | | | 1 |
| | Rally for Democracy and Progress | | | 1 |
| Presidential Movement | Presidential Movement | | | 52 |
| | Benin Rebirth Party | | | 15 |
| | Democratic Renewal Party | | | 11 |
| | Star Alliance | | | 3 |
| | New Alliance | | | 2 |
| Opposition | Opposition | | | 31 |
| | Other parties | | | 0 |
| Total | Total | | | 83 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 1,486,274 | 86.21 | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 237,819 | 13.79 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 1,724,093 | 100.00 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,084,422 | 55.90 | |
| Source: African Elections Database |||||
# Ibban

Ibban is a village in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Kapurthala, which is both district and sub-district headquarters of Ibban. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Ibban has total number of 325 houses and population of 1,516 of which include 776 males and 740 females. Literacy rate of Ibban is 80.51%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 141 which is 9.30% of total population of Ibban, and child sex ratio is approximately 855, higher than state average of 846.

## Air travel connectivity

The closest airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
# Walade

Walade is a riverside village in the Doufelgou Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-eastern Togo.
# William Hughes (bishop of St Asaph)

William Hughes (died 1600) was a Welsh bishop of St Asaph.

## Life

He was the son of Hugh ap Kynric of Carnarvonshire, and Gwenllian, daughter of John Vychan ab John ab Gruffydd ab Owen Pygott. He matriculated as a sizar of Queens' College, Cambridge, in November 1554 and took his B.A. degree in 1557. He became fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge 1557, M.A. 1560, B.D. 1565, and that year was appointed Lady Margaret preacher.
About 1560 Hughes became chaplain to Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Attending his patron to Oxford in 1568, he was on 19 April incorporated B.D. of the university, and in 1570, through the influence of the duke, he was allowed to proceed D.D. Behind the scenes, however, there had been a theological wrangle. In 1567 Hughes preached at Leicester, and gave offence by his exposition of the article De Descensu Christi ad Inferos (Article III of the Thirty Nine Articles). A complaint was made to the university. On 7 July 1567 a decree of the senate was issued referring the matter to a committee, Hughes to be bound by its decision without appeal. In the same month another complaint was sent through the Earl of Leicester of Hughes's doctrines. At the earl's suggestion the matter was left to him, Sir William Cecil, then chancellor of the university, and Archbishop Matthew Parker. Parker advised that he should be restrained from preaching; but the concrete result was an order of the chancellor against questioning the article. The Earl of Leicester exerted himself to get Hughes, to recant, which the University of Oxford had failed to do; and after that the way was cleared for Hughes to gain his higher degree of D.D. at Cambridge as well as Oxford.
From 1567 to his death Hughes was rector of Llysvaen in Carnarvonshire. He was also rector of Dennington, Suffolk, but resigned the benefice before 10 December 1573. In December 1573 Hughes was made Bishop of St Asaph.
Hughes gave assistance to William Morgan in his translation of the Bible into Welsh; and made an issue of having Welsh-speaking priests. On the other hand, his administration of his diocese became the subject of an inquiry. The report dated 24 February 1587, described the bishop as holding in commendam, with the archdeaconry and the rectory of Llysvaen, which he held by virtue of a faculty obtained in 1573, 15 livings. He had leased out parts of the bishopric, as lordships, manors, and rectories. The bishop was further charged with extorting money from his clergy on his visitations.
In October 1600 Hughes died, and was buried in the choir of St Asaph Cathedral. By his wife Lucia, daughter of Robert Knowesley of Denbighshire, he left a son, William, and a daughter, Anne, who married Thomas, youngest son of Sir Thomas Mostyn.
# Gibbage

Gibbage is a fighting game developed by Zombie Cow Studios. It was released on April 25, 2006, for Windows.
The game was a 2007 IGF Award nominee.

## Gameplay

Two characters spawn, one belonging to each player, called clones. Clones spawn from what is known as the power booth. Each power booth has a power level which drains perpetually. In order to keep the power booth's power level from dropping to zero, the players must collect power cubes, and then bring them back to their booth. Each player is equipped with a weapon called a Gibber with which to defend themselves and destroy their enemy. When a player is destroyed, he loses a portion of his power and must wait whilst a new clone is created.
When the new clone is created, the player takes control of it and direct conflict resumes. In addition to power cubes, from time to time a power-up item will appear. Collecting this will give the player one of a variety of upgrades or effects, such as an extra Gibber, a rocket launcher, or it may freeze opponents solid or reduce them to a single hit point. The game ends when all but one players have had their power level reduced to zero. The remaining player is the winner.

## Development

The game was developed for PC Zone magazine as part of a 10 part series on learning how to code an indie game. Developer Dan Marshall had formerly worked in the television industry. He had always thought that developing a game was easy, but had a "harsh awakening". The game was released as freeware in 2011.

## Reception

William Usher of Game Tunnel gave the game a "buy" recommendation, calling the action "fast-paced" and saying that "it will occupy many of your waking hours". Alec Meer of Rock, Paper, Shotgun said that the game "has a particularly neat two-player mode".
# Hugh of Briel

Hugh of Briel, in older literature Hugh of Bruyères, was a French knight and the second lord of the Barony of Karytaina in the Principality of Achaea, in Frankish Greece.
Hailing from Briel-sur-Barse in the French province of Champagne, Hugh inherited the Barony of Karytaina sometime around 1222 from his brother, Renaud of Briel. Hugh married Alice of Villehardouin, a daughter of the Prince of Achaea, Geoffrey I of Villehardouin. Hugh of Briel died in early 1238, not yet forty years old, and was succeeded by his son Geoffrey.
# 1936–37 Copa México

The 1936–37 Copa México was the 20th staging of this Mexican football cup competition that existed since 1907.
The competition started on October 3, 1937, and concluded on October 24, 1937, in which Asturias lifted the trophy for the fifth time after a 5–3 victory over América.

## Final phase

| Round 1 | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 2 |
| June 14 | June 14 |
| Asturias | 4 |
| Asturias | 4 | July 15 | July 15 |
| Necaxa | 3 | July 15 | July 15 |
| Necaxa | 3 | Asturias | 5 |
| July 8 | July 8 | | Asturias | 5 |
| July 8 | July 8 | América | 3 |
| Club España | 5 | América | 3 |
| América | 6 | | |
* Copa México 1936–37 winners
* Asturias 5th title
# Stier

Stier (German for bull) may refer to:
* Elizabeth Fleming Stier Award, German
* German auxiliary cruiser Stier

## Surnames

* Dieter Stier (born 1964), German politician
* Hubert Oswald Stier (1838-1907), German architect
* Wilhelm Stier (1799-1856), German architect
# James S. Ettema

James S. Ettema is an American academic. He is Professor Emeritus of Communication Studies at Northwestern University, and the author of several books.

## Career

Before starting his doctorate, Ettema worked as a photographer and filmmaker. He is a co-founder of Northwestern University's Media, Technology and Society graduate program, served for six years as chair of Communication Studies and for ten years as the faculty coordinator of professional graduate programs in the department.

## Selected works

* Ettema, James S.; Glasser, Theodore (1998). Custodians of Conscience: Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue. New York City: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231106740. OCLC 911291998.
# 1962 French Évian Accords referendum

A referendum to approve the Évian Accords ending the Algerian War and granting self-determination to Algeria was held in France on 8 April 1962. It was approved by 90.8% of voters with a 75.3% turnout.
On 1 July a second referendum was held in Algeria, with the question "Do you want Algeria to become an independent state cooperating with France under the conditions defined by the 19 March 1962 declarations?" put to voters. Only people living in Algeria were able to participate in the second referendum. This second referendum was approved by over 99.7% of voters.

## Results

| Choice | Metropolitan France | Metropolitan France | Total | Total |
| Choice | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| For | 17,508,607 | 90.7 | 17,866,423 | 90.8 |
| Against | 1,795,061 | 9.3 | 1,809,074 | 9.2 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 1,098,238 | – | 1,103,806 | – |
| Total | 20,401,906 | 100 | 20,779,303 | 100 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver |||||
# William Hannan

William Hannan (30 August 1906 – 6 March 1987) was a Scottish Labour Party politician.
Educated at North Kelvinside Secondary School, Glasgow, Hannan originally worked as an insurance agent, and from 1941 to 1945 was a member of Glasgow Corporation. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Maryhill at the 1945 general election, and held the seat until his retirement at the February 1974 general election. He was a Lord of the Treasury from 1946 to 1951, and parliamentary private secretary (PPS) to George Brown at both the Department of Economic Affairs and the Foreign Office from 1964 to 1968.
Hannan, a committed pro-European, was one of 69 Labour MPs to break a three-line whip and vote for Britain's entry into the European Economic Community in October 1971. He was, however, opposed to Scottish devolution, and was involved with the 'Scotland is British' campaign prior to the 1979 referendum on Home Rule. Always on the right wing of the Labour Party, in 1981 he became a founder member of the breakaway Social Democratic Party (SDP), and in February of that year was one of 100 signatories to an advertisement in The Guardian supporting the Limehouse Declaration.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "HANNAN, William". Who's Who & Who Was Who. Vol. 2018 (online ed.). A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* ↑ Hansard Parliamentary Papers, HC Deb 28 October 1971 vol. 823 cc.2076-2217
* ↑ Guardian, 5 February 1981
# Protoprioniodus

Protoprioniodus is an extinct genus of conodonts.

## Use in stratigraphy

The Whiterock Stage refers mainly to the early Middle Ordovician in North America. It is often used in the older literature in a global sense. The Whiterock Stage is given a range from 471.8 (ca. 472) to 462 m.y.a., spanning close to 10 million years. Officially its start is defined by the potentially lowest occurrence of the conodonts Protoprioniodus aranda or Baltoniodus triangularis.
# Hugh of Burgundy (disambiguation)

Hugh of Burgundy may refer to six different Dukes of Burgundy:
* Hugh the Black (died 952)
* Hugh I, Duke of Burgundy (died 1093)
* Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy (died 1143)
* Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (died 1192)
* Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy (died 1271)
* Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (died 1315)
Hugh of Burgundy may also refer to a member of the family of the Counts of Burgundy:
# Intel Socket G3

Socket G3, also known as rPGA 946B/947 or FCPGA 946, is a socket for Intel microprocessors that supports Haswell-based mobile CPUs. Compatible SKUs have an 'M' suffix in the model number.
Socket G3 is designed as a replacement for the Socket G2, which is also known as rPGA 988B. Socket G3 has holes to make contact with 946 or 947 pins of the processor's pin grid array (PGA).
Lynx Point is the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) associated with Socket G3.
Socket rPGA 947 has one extra pin hole, other than that it is identical to socket G3. It is the last pin grid array socket for Intel's mobile processors - all mobile processors in microarchitectures succeeding Haswell are exclusively available in BGA packaging. AMD also adopted the same practice, starting with their Steamroller microarchitecture.
# Women on the Edge

Women on the Edge may refer to:
* Women on the Edge (1929 film), a German silent drama film
* Women on the Edge (2023 film), a comedy film
# 1931 in Croatia

Events from the year 1931 in Croatia.

## Births

* April 4 – Nada Iveljić, children's writer (died 2009)
* May 11 – Zlatko Crnković, translator (died 2013)
* July 11 – Anđelko Klobučar, composer
* June 4 – Antun Vrdoljak, actor and film director
* June 14 – Vasko Lipovac, painter (died 2006)
* September 26 – Ivo Šlaus, physicist
* November 22 – Anton Tus, soldier
* December 11 – Sunčana Škrinjarić, children's writer (died 2004)

## Deaths

* February 11 – Bela Čikoš Sesija, painter (born 1864)
* February 18 – Milan Šufflay, historian and politician (born 1879)
* December 29 – Oton Kučera, astronomer (born 1857)
# Amélie Veille

Amélie Veille (born September 8, 1981) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. Veille was born in Saint-Georges, Quebec. Her work has been compared to that of Lynda Lemay.

## Discography

* 2003 : Amélie Veille (Disques Passeport)
* 2006 : Un moment ma folie (Disques Vivamusik)
* 2012 : Mon cœur pour te garder (Artic)
* 2016 : Les moments parfaits (Artic)
# Indy Rahmawati

Indy R Rahmawati (born April 1, 1971) is an Indonesian news anchor and producer in TvOne. She was born in Bandung and began her television career in 1999. Rahmawati started her career as a journalist with SCTV in 1999 to 2006 before moving to antv in 2006 to 2008, and continued her career as a presenter with TvOne in 2008 to present.
# We Sure Can Love Each Other

We Sure Can Love Each Other may refer to:
* "We Sure Can Love Each Other" (song), a 1971 song by Tammy Wynette
* We Sure Can Love Each Other (album), a 1971 album by Tammy Wynette
# Pseudomonas sRNA P24

Pseudomonas sRNA P24 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.
P24 is conserved across several Pseudomonas species and is consistently located between a hypothetical protein gene and a transcriptional regulator gene (AsnC family) in the genomes of these Pseudomonas species. P24 has a predicted Rho independent terminatorat the 3′ end but the function of P24 is unknown.
# Psychotria greenwelliae

Psychotria greenwelliae, the Kauai wild coffee, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the islands of Kauai and Oahu in Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss.