OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilhelm Kramer

Wilhelm Kramer (17 December 1801 in Halberstadt, Kingdom of Prussia – 7 December 1876 in Berlin, German Empire) was a German otologist.

## Biography

He studied medicine at the universities of Göttingen and Berlin, receiving his doctorate from the latter institution in 1823. He furthered his education in Vienna and Paris, then returned to Berlin, where he served as an assistant to psychiatrist Anton Ludwig Ernst Horn. Shortly afterwards, he opened a private medical practice, in which he specialized in the treatment of ear diseases.
He was among the first physicians to devote his attention exclusively to the science of otology. He is credited as being the first to use catheterization and auscultation in determining conditions of the middle ear. He also devised a specialized ear speculum ("Kramer's aural speculum").

## Published works

He was the author of "Erfahrungen über die Erkenntniss und Heilung der langwierigen Schwerhörigkeit" (1833), a work in the field of otology that was greatly revised and republished in 1836 with the title of "Die Erkenntniss und Heilung der Ohrenkrankheiten". The second edition was translated into English by James Risdon Bennett as "Nature and treatment of diseases of the ear" (1837). The book was considered to be an important influence to the career of Prosper Ménière, who in 1848 produced a French translation, titled "Traite des maladies de l'oreille". Another work by Kramer that was translated into English was "The aural surgery of the present day" (1863), the original German title being "Die Ohrenheilkunde der Gegenwart". Other noteworthy written efforts by Kramer include:
* Die Ohrenheilkunde in den Jahren 1851-1855. Ein Nachtrag zu der Erkenntniss und Heilung der Ohrenkrankheiten, 1856 – Otology in the years 1851-1855: A supplement to the knowledge and treatment of ear diseases.
* Handbuch der Ohrenheilkunde, 1867 – Handbook of otology.
* Ohrenkrankheiten und Ohrenärzte in England und Deutschland, 1865 – Ear diseases and otologists in England and Germany.
* Die Ohrenheilkunde der letzten 50 Jahre, 1873 – Otology of the last fifty years.
# 100.6 FM

The following radio stations broadcast on FM frequency 100.6 MHz:

## Egypt

* Nogoum FM is the first private radio station in Egypt, started in 2003, based in the Egyptian Media Production City.

## China

* CNR Business Radio in Mianyang
* CNR China Traffic Radio in Hohhot
* CNR Music Radio in Xining
* The Voice of Jingjinji in Beijing
* Yunfu General Radio in Yunfu

## Malaysia

* My in Ipoh, Sandakan and Seremban

## United Kingdom

* Classic FM in London
* BFBS Northern Ireland in Lisburn
# Will (band)

Will was a Canadian electronic music act founded by Rhys Fulber and Chris Peterson, both members of Front Line Assembly and Delerium at different times. The style was heavy medieval ambient industrial with sampled strings and featured growled vocals by John McRae, who later continued to work with Chris Peterson in the project Decree.

## Discography

* Pearl of Great Price (1991, Third Mind)
* Word•Flesh•Stone (1992, Third Mind)
* Déjà-Vu (2000, COP International) – re-release of the first two releases with some changes to tracks
# Will (comics)

Willy Maltaite (French:; 30 October 1927 – 18 February 2000), better known by the pseudonym Will, was a Belgian comics creator and comics artist in the Franco-Belgian tradition. In the genre known in Francophone countries as bande dessinée, Will is one of the young cartoonists trained by Jijé, who made them live and work with him in his studio in Waterloo. He is considered one of la Bande des Quatre (the Gang of 4, which also included André Franquin, Morris, and Jijé himself), and a founding member of the Marcinelle school.

## Work

Over a long association with the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Le journal de Spirou (Spirou magazine) starting in 1947, Will created, illustrated and wrote several series, including Tif et Tondu (as main artist, taking over from creator Fernand Dineur), and Isabelle. He wrote scripts for, among others, Spirou et Fantasio and Benoît Brisefer. During the period of 1958–60, Will also acted as artistic director of Spirou's rival publication Tintin magazine.

## Awards

* 2008: Hommage to Comics Award at the Festival of Solliès-Ville

## Partial bibliography

* Tif et Tondu, 39 albums with various collaborators, Dupuis.
* Isabelle, 12 albums with Yvan Delporte, André Franquin and Raymond Macherot (story), Dupuis, 1972-1995.
* L'Île d'outre-monde, Natacha n°10 (art), with François Walthéry (art) and Marc Wasterlain (story), Dupuis, 1980.
* Contribution to collective Il était une fois les belges (Once Upon a Time There Were the Belgians), Le Lombard, 1980.
* L'ogresse des carpartes, with Yann (story), in Les Histoires merveilleuses des oncles Paul, Vents d'Ouest, 1986.
* Le jardin des désirs (The Garden of Desires), with Stephen Desberg (story), Dupuis, coll. " Aire Libre ", 1988.
* La 27e lettre (The 27th Letter), with Stephen Desberg (story), Dupuis, coll. " Aire Libre ", 1990.
* L'appel de l'enfer (Appeal in Hell), with Stephen Desberg, P&T Productions, 1993.
* Isabelle in the collective Brel n°2, Vents d'Ouests, 1997.
* L'arbre des deux printemps (The Tree of the Two Springs), with Rudi Miel (story), Le Lombard, collective "Signé", 2000. Will could not finish the last 4 pages prior to his death.
# Indian Doppler Radar

The Low Flying Detection Radar also called Indian Doppler Radar (INDRA) series of 2D radars were developed by Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Army and the Air Force. These were then produced by the Bharat Electronics which generally the production partner of LRDE. The INDRA-I is a mobile surveillance radar for low level target detection while the INDRA-II is for ground controlled interception of targets.

## INDRA-I

INDRA-I is a 2D mobile surveillance radar for low level target detection. The radar is housed in two wheeled vehicles. Some of the main features are automated track-while-scan (TWS), integrated IFF and high scan rate for high speed target detection. The radar is produced by Bharat Electronics Limited and inducted into service. The INDRA-I was a landmark project for the DRDO, as it was the first large radar system designed by the organization and produced in number for the defence forces. The Indian Air Force operates thirty INDRA-I's whereas the Indian Army also has several.

## INDRA-II

It is a variant of INDRA radar for ground controlled interception of targets. The radar uses pulse compression for detection of low flying aircraft in heavy ground clutter with high range resolution and ECCM capabilities. The radar has been produced by Bharat Electronics Limited and is used by Indian Air Force and Army. Seven INDRA-IIs have been ordered by the Indian Air Force.

## Features

* Fully coherent system
* Frequency agility
* Pulse compression
* Advanced signal processing using MTD and CFAR Techniques
* Track while scan for 2-D tracking
* Full tracking capabilities for maneuvering targets
* Multicolour PPI Raster Scan Display, presenting both MTI and Synthetic Video
* Integral Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)
* Ease of transportation and fast deployment

### System characteristics

* Range up to 90 km (for a F16 Type Fighter Aircraft).
* Height coverage 35 m to 3000 m subject to radar horizon.
* Probability of detection : 90% (Single scan).
* Probability of false alarm: 10E-6.
* Track While Scan (TWS) for 2D tracking.
* Capability to handle 200 tracks.
* Association of primary and secondary targets.
* Automatic target data transmission to a digital modem/networking of radars.
* Deployment time of about 60 minutes.

## Current status

Indian Doppler Radars are in production at Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and are being used by the Indian Armed Forces. A few systems have been exported to Sri Lanka and have been used to detect planes of the LTTE's air wing.

## Operators

Operators of Indian Doppler Radar :
| Operating Agency | Country |
| Indian Army | India |
| Indian Air Force | India |
| Sri Lanka Air Force | Sri Lanka |
# Indian Distinguished Service Medal

The Indian Distinguished Service Medal (IDSM) was a military decoration awarded by the British Empire to Indian citizens serving in the Indian armed forces and military police. When it was instituted in 1907 it was the second highest award available to Indians, behind the Indian Order of Merit (IOM). However, when eligibility for the Victoria Cross was extended to cover all Commonwealth subjects in 1911, the IDSM became third highest in the order of precedence. It was instituted in order to recognise acts of gallantry that did not meet the standards required of the IOM. The award was discontinued following the partition and subsequent independence of India in 1947.
The medal was awarded for gallantry, both in peace and on active military service. When instituted it was only available to Viceroy's commissioned officers, NCOs and men of the British Indian Army, Indian State Forces, militias and levies. However, after 1917 it was extended to 'non-combatant' followers, such as carriers and grooms. In 1929, eligibility was extended to the Royal Indian Marine and to the Indian Air Force in 1940. In 1944 members of the Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery became eligible.
It is a circular silver medal, 36 millimetres (1.4 in) in width. The obverse depicts the current monarch, while the reverse had the words FOR DISTINGUISHED SERVICE surrounded by a laurel wreath. The medals were issued with the details of the recipient engraved or impressed on the rim, including service number, name and regiment. The ribbon was dark blue with a central wide crimson stripe.
Fewer than 6,000 were awarded, including bars. About 3,200 were awarded during the First World War, and 1,200 from the start of the Second World War to 1947. The rest were mainly awarded between the wars during frontier fighting and other inter-war campaigns such as the Iraq campaign of 1919–20.
# Jermie Calhoun

Jermie Calhoun (born October 12, 1988) is a former American football running back. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma and Angelo State University. Calhoun was once considered one of the best running back prospects of his high school class.

## High school career

A native of Ben Wheeler, Texas, Jermie Calhoun attended Van High School, a 3A school, where he played football and ran track. In football, he started his career playing safety as a freshman. Playing running back during his sophomore year, Calhoun had his breakout performance against Gladewater High School on September 24, 2005. Replacing an injured teammate, he rushed for a school-record 359 yards and four touchdowns in a 35-21 victory.
He rushed for 1,601 yards and 20 touchdowns during his junior year. In one game against Crandall High School he had 220 yards on 10 carries in a half. As a senior, Calhoun carried the ball 242 times, racking up 1,910 yards and 30 touchdowns. Occasionally playing quarterback, he threw 104 passes, completing 57 for 803 yards and four touchdowns. Calhoun was named Texas class 3-A Offensive Player of the Year.
In track & field, Calhoun competed as a sprinter. At the 2008 Region 2-3A Meet, he qualified for the 100-meter dash finals after clocking a PR of 11.21 seconds in the prelims. He also ran the fourth leg on the 4x100m relay squad, helping them earn a second-place finish at 42.86 seconds.

### Recruiting

Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Calhoun was listed as the No. 2 running back prospect in the nation (behind Darrell Scott).
Calhoun received his first scholarship offer after his break out performance against Gladewater during his sophomore year. The offer was made by the Kansas State University. However, he waited until the end of his junior year for a decision, collecting offers by Florida, LSU, Alabama and Texas A&M, among others. Growing up as a Longhorns fan, Calhoun waited for a Texas offer, but early concerns over his grades scared off the Longhorns recruiters. Calhoun eventually committed to the University of Oklahoma on April 2, 2007.

## College career

Calhoun was considered the best high school running back from Texas since Adrian Peterson, although earlier comparisons to Peterson were later relativized. He redshirted during the 2008 season, and was third in depth chart at tailback behind DeMarco Murray and Chris Brown in 2009. He saw limited action in 12 games, rushing 220 yards on 45 attempts. His best game came against Texas A&M, with 18 carries for 94 yards. Calhoun missed much of his sophomore season in 2010 due to a serious knee injury. Calhoun transferred from OU to Angelo State University (DII) in December 2011.
# Index of Angami-related articles

The following is an list of articles relating to Angami Nagas of Nagaland, India, sorted in alphabetical order.
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* See also

## A

* Andrea Kevichüsa
* Angami Baptist Church Council
* Angami language
* Angami Naga
* Angami Naga Sign Language
* Angami–Pochuri languages
* Angami Public Organization
* Angami name
* Angami Women Organization

## B

* Bade, Chümoukedima District

## C

* Capi
* Chalie Kevichüsa
* Chathe
* Chiephobozou
* Chümoukedima

## D

* Dzüko Valley

## E

* Easterine Kire

## G

* Galho
* George Keduolhou Angami

## H

* Holshe Khrie-o
* Hovithal Sothu

## J

* Jakhama
* John Bosco Jasokie
* Jonathan Yhome
* Jotsoma

## K

* Kene (Naga wrestling)
* Kevichüsa Angami
* Kewhira Dielie
* Kezol–tsa Forest
* Khonoma
* Khrielie-ü Kire
* Khriehu Liezietsu
* Khuzama
* Kigwema
* Kirha
* Kiyanilie Peseyie
* Kohima Village
* Koso (Naga surname)
* Kropol Vitsü
* Kuda, Dimapur

## L

* List of people of Angami descent

## M

* Medziphema
* Mengu Suokhrie
* Methaneilie Solo
* Mezoma
* Mount Japfü
* Mount Tempü

## N

* Neidonuo Angami
* Neikezhakuo Kengurüse
* Neiliezhü Üsou
* Neiphiu Rio

## P

* Pcheda
* Pulie Badze

## R

* Razhukhrielie Kevichüsa
* Reivilie Angami
* Rokonicha Kuotsü

## S

* Salhoutuonuo Kruse
* Sekrenyi
* Sesino Yhoshü
* Shürhozelie Liezietsu
* Sopfünuo
* Southern Angami
* Sovima
* Swe–ba

## T

* Tati (instrument)
* Te–l Khukhu
* Tenyiphe I
* Tenyiphe II
* Terhüchü
* Teyozwü Hill
* Theja Rio
* Thepfülo-u Nakhro
* Thuthse
* Tseilhoutuo Rhütso
* Tubu Kevichüsa

## V

* Vikho-o Yhoshü
* Virazouma
* Viseyie Koso
* Viswema
* Viswesül Pusa
* Vizadel Sakhrie
* Vizol Koso

## Z

* Zaku Zachariah Tsükrü
* Zale Neikha
* Zapu Phizo
* Zhaleo Rio
* Zutho
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
# William B. Baugh

Private First Class William Bernard Baugh (July 7, 1930 – November 29, 1950) was a United States Marine who, at age 20, received the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War.
The nation's highest decoration for valor was presented to Baugh for extraordinary heroism on November 29, 1950, between Koto-ri and Hagaru-ri, when he protected the members of his squad from a grenade by smothering it with his body.

## Biography

Private First Class Baugh was the 15th Marine to receive the Medal of Honor for heroism during the Korean War. Born July 7, 1930, in McKinney, Kentucky, William Bernard Baugh was employed by Harrison Shoe Corporation before his enlistment in the Marine Corps on January 23, 1948, at the age of 17. Baugh attended public schools in Butler County, Ohio.
Following recruit training at Parris Island, South Carolina, PFC Baugh was stationed at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and after being transferred to the 1st Marine Division in Korea, took part in the Inchon landing, the capture of Seoul, and the Wonsan and Chosin Reservoir campaigns. His death occurred in the Chosin area.
In addition to the Medal of Honor, PFC Baugh posthumously received the Purple Heart Medal. He previously held the Presidential Unit Citation, Navy Occupation Service Medal with Europe Clasp, Korean Service Medal with three bronze stars, and the United Nations Service Medal.

## Awards and decorations

PFC Baugh's awards include:
| Medal of Honor | Purple Heart | Presidential Unit Citation |
| Navy Occupation Service Medal (with Europe Clasp) | Korean Service Medal with 3 bronze stars | United Nations Service Medal |

## Medal of Honor citation

   The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to
   for service as set forth in the following CITATION:
   For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a member of an Anti-Tank Assault Squad attached to Company G, Third Battalion, First Marines, First Marine Division (Reinforced), during a nighttime enemy attack against a motorized column en route from Koto-Ri to Hagaru-ri, Korea, on November 29, 1950. Acting instantly when a hostile grenade landed in his truck as he and his squad prepared to alight and assist in the repulse of an enemy force delivering intense automatic-weapons and grenade fire from deeply entrenched and well-concealed roadside positions, Private First Class Baugh quickly shouted a warning to the other men in the vehicle and, unmindful of his own personal safety, hurled himself upon the deadly missile, thereby saving his comrades from serious injury or possible death. Sustaining severe wounds from which he died a short time afterward, Private First Class Baugh, by his superb courage and valiant spirit of self-sacrifice, upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
   HARRY S. TRUMAN

## Honors

* The Military Sealift Command ship MV PFC William B. Baugh (T-AK-3001) is also named in his honor.
# Indiana Code

The Indiana Code is the code of laws for the U.S. state of Indiana. The contents are the codification of all the laws currently in effect within Indiana. With roots going back to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the laws of Indiana have been revised many times. The current approach to updating Indiana Code began in 1971 when the Indiana Statute Revision Commission began a complete rearrangement. The first official edition of the Indiana Code was published in 1976, and is regularly updated through the Office of Code Revision in the Legislative Services Agency.

## Organization

An act of Congress, approved by the president on May 7, 1800, established the Indiana Territory as a separate governmental unit. The first General Assembly of the Indiana Territory met on July 29, 1805, and shortly after the Revised Statutes of 1807 was the official body of law. Indiana's constitution, adopted in 1816, specified that all laws in effect for the Territory would be considered laws of the state, until they expired or were repealed. Indiana laws were revised many times over the years, but the current approach to updating the code in a regular manner began in 1971. A special agency was established to reorganize the entire body of law for the State of Indiana, leading to the development of 36 distinct Titles that correspond to subject categories.
The first official edition of the Indiana Code was published by West Publishing Company, under direction of the Indiana Legislative Council. Responsibility for publishing the Code was later assumed by the Legislative Services Agency, through the Office of Code Revision and working with the Code Revision Commission. The current version of the Code, along with archived material, can be found at the Indiana General Assembly website: iga.in.gov.

## Titles

* Title 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
* Title 2. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
* Title 3. ELECTIONS
* Title 4. STATE OFFICES AND ADMINISTRATION
* Title 5. STATE AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
* Title 6. TAXATION
* Title 7. ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
* Title 8. UTILITIES AND TRANSPORTATION
* Title 9. MOTOR VEHICLES
* Title 10. PUBLIC SAFETY
* Title 11. CORRECTIONS
* Title 12. HUMAN SERVICES
* Title 13. ENVIRONMENT
* Title 14. NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
* Title 15. AGRICULTURE AND ANIMALS
* Title 16. HEALTH
* Title 17. REPEALED
* Title 18. REPEALED
* Title 19. REPEALED
* Title 20. EDUCATION
* Title 21. HIGHER EDUCATION
* Title 22. LABOR AND SAFETY
* Title 23. BUSINESS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS
* Title 24. TRADE REGULATION
* Title 25. PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS
* Title 26. COMMERCIAL LAW
* Title 27. INSURANCE
* Title 28. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
* Title 29. PROBATE
* Title 30. TRUSTS AND FIDUCIARIES
* Title 31. FAMILY LAW AND JUVENILE LAW
* Title 32. PROPERTY
* Title 33. COURTS AND COURT OFFICERS
* Title 34. CIVIL LAW AND PROCEDURE
* Title 35. CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE
* Title 36. LOCAL GOVERNMENT
# Indian Springs Valley (Nevada)

Indian Springs Valley (Basin 161) is one of the Central Nevada Desert Basins in the Clark County portion of the Nevada Test and Training Range and includes Creech Air Force Base and the communities of Cactus Springs and Indian Springs, Nevada. The south side of the valley is along the "Las Vegas Valley Shear Zone",$^{:8}$ and to the east is the Pintwater Range, to the southeast is the Las Vegas Valley, to the south are foothills near the Spring Mountains, to the southwest is Mercury Valley, and to the west is the Spotted Range.$^{:13}$ The valley's drainage basin receives ~500 acre-feet (620,000 m$^3$) of annual precipitation and is a southern portion of the Sand Springs-Tikaboo Watershed where it meets the Ivanpah-Pahrump Watershed. The Wheeler Survey in 1869 passed through the Indian Springs Valley.
# Jerome Jaffe

Jerome H. Jaffe (born July 6, 1933) is a clinical professor and was the drug Czar under the administration of President of the United States Richard Nixon.

## Career

Many American soldiers used heroin during the Vietnam War. According to Representative Robert Steele in a report for the House Foreign Affairs Committee, there was little use in the Army until late 1969. But by 1971, 10 to 15 percent of the troops in Vietnam were using heroin from the Golden Triangle. It was about this time that based on the efforts of Jaffe, methadone clinics were established in the U.S., partly to treat addicted veterans.$^{:176–180}$
Under the administration of President Nixon, Jerome Jaffe was the chief of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SAODAP), an executive agency created by President Nixon, a member of the Republican Party of the United States. During his career, he popularized the use of methadone treatments for heroin addicts, stating that "There was evidence that methadone treatment was effective. There were some good controlled studies." He also initiated "methadone programs, detoxification programs, and therapeutic communities." Jaffe was a powerful opponent of Ibogaine trials to treat drug dependency, concentrating instead on lifelong replacement therapies with alternative opiates like methadone and buprenorphine.
Currently, Jaffe is a clinical professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, where he works in the Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse.
He lives in Maryland and has three grandchildren.
# Jerome Jackson

Jerome Jackson may refer to:
* Jerome Jackson (producer) (1898–1940), American film producer and script writer
* J. J. Jackson (singer) (Jerome Louis Jackson, born 1942), American singer, songwriter and arranger
# Jerusalem (EP)

Jerusalem is an EP by British singer Mark Stewart, released in 1982 through On-U Sound Records.

## Accolades

| Year | Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank |
| 1982 | Rockerilla | Italy | "Singles of the Year" | 1 |

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mark Stewart, except where noted

## Personnel
### Musicians

* The Maffia
** Desmond "Fatfingers" Coke – keyboards
** Charles "Eskimo" Fox – drums
** Evar Wellington – bass guitar
* Mark Stewart – vocals, art direction

### Additional musicians and production

* George Oban – bass guitar on "Liberty City" and "Jerusalem"
* Nick Plytas – keyboards on "Liberty City"
* Adrian Sherwood – production