OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir Paul Pindar

Sir Paul Pindar (1565–1650) was a merchant and, from 1611 to 1620, was Ambassador of King James I of England to the Ottoman Empire.

## Biography

Born in Wellingborough and educated at Wellingborough School Pindar entered trade as the apprentice to an Italian merchant in London. He later became involved when he received Company Articles to the Ottoman Empire on 27 September 1611. As secretary to the English ambassador in Constantinople he arrived in December 1611, eventually becoming ambassador himself. Pindar was present when the famous gift of an organ was made to the royal household by Ambassador Lello and he went on to become a favourite of Safiye Sultan, the powerful mother of Sultan Mehmed III.
As ambassador he was "renowned for his generosity in educating young men at his own 'care and cost'" He was recalled on 25 January 1618 but did not leave until May 1620. Pindar was knighted by James I in 1623.
A pamphlet published in London in 1642 states that Pindar saved the life of a felon named "Running Jack" who had been sentenced to death. The prisoner "was found to have been such a notorious Malefactor, that the Bench did condemn him to dy: but hee hath since obtained a Reprieve by the means of Sir Paul Pindar." The pamphlet does not elaborate on his crimes, or on why Sir Paul had an interest in the case.
In 1644, Pindar provided 1,705 lbs (775 kg) of gold, via Jane Whorwood, to smuggle the Queen and the Prince of Wales to France.

## Legacy

In the 18th century Sir Paul Pindar's House in Bishopsgate became a tavern called the "Sir Paul Pindar's Head" and was then demolished to make way for the expansion of Liverpool Street station in 1890. Its façade was preserved and can now be seen in the Victoria and Albert Museum. There is a commemorative vase to Pindar in St Botolph's Church Bishopsgate.
# Groton Bridge Company

The Groton Bridge Co. was an American construction company, based in Groton, New York.

## History

The company was founded in 1877 as Groton Iron Bridge Company, by merger of two firms. It was reorganized and became the Groton Bridge and Manufacturing Company in 1887. It was purchased by the American Bridge Company in 1899 but was separated in 1902 as Groton Bridge Co. and survived under that name until the 1920s.
The firm was believed to be a subsidiary of American Bridge Co. in 1908 when it installed two Parker truss spans manufactured by American Bridge Co. to complete the Plata Bridge in Puerto Rico.

## Notable projects

A number of its works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
* Cherokee Bridge, over Tennessee River, built for $69,000.
* Allenwood River Bridge, LR 460 over W branch of Susquehanna River, Allenwood, PA and Union, PA (Groton Bridge & Manufacturing Co.), NRHP-listed
* Blackford Bridge, Chestnut Rd (Rte 652), Lebanon, Virginia (Groton Bridge and Manufacturing Co), NRHP-listed
* Caneadea Bridge, Cty. Rd. over Genesee R., Caneadea, New York (Groton Iron Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* Goshen Land Company Bridge, built 1890, E of Goshen on VA 746, Goshen, Virginia (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* Iron Bridge at Howard Hill Road, Howard Hill Rd. and VT 131, Cavendish, Vermont (Groton Bridge and Manufacturing C), NRHP-listed
* Meadow Bridge, spur of North Rd. in Ahelburne across the Androscoggin R., Shelburne, New Hampshire (Groton Bridge and Manufacturing Co.), NRHP-listed
* New Sharon Bridge, S of ME 2 over Sandy River, New Sharon, Maine (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* Plata Bridge, near Naranjito, Puerto Rico, (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* Rorig Bridge, Water St. at Chautauqua Creek, Westfield, New York (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* Town Line Bridge, Town Line Rd., Taylor, New York (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* West Hickory Bridge, LR 598 over Allegheny River, West Hickory, Pennsylvania (Groton Bridge Co.), NRHP-listed
* West Woodstock Bridge, Town Hwy. 50 over the Ottauquechee R., West Woodstock, Vermont (Groton Bridge & Manufacturing Co.), NRHP-listed
# Groupalia

Groupalia is the trade name for Groupalia Compra Colectiva SL, an online group buying company based in Spain. Groupalia sells leisure packages: travel, services and products. The company was established in Barcelona in May 2010. Its first virtual shop was in Barcelona, followed by Madrid.
The company had its first round of funding in April 2010, $15 million, and a second one in August, a $26 million round.
Groupalia is based in Barcelona (Spain), it employs over 300 people and has more than 6 million users worldwide. The current director of the company is Albert Bosch.
# Pauline Thornhill

Pauline Thornhill is a Canadian television host and producer of Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's longest running regional television program, Land and Sea on CBC owned-and-operated station CBNT-DT. She served in this capacity from 1993 to 2022. Thornhill grew up in Bay L'Argent. She graduated in 1986 from the journalism program at the University of King's College. Thornhill started work as a journalist with CBC Television in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador on the news program Here & Now. She became host and producer of CBC's Land and Sea in 1993. Thornhill received the 2004 Gracie Allen Award for the Land and Sea program "Built from Scratch", a story of the woman and her bakery.
# Vampirium

Vampirium is the twenty-seventh book of the award-winning Lone Wolf series of gamebooks created by Joe Dever.

## Gameplay

Lone Wolf books rely on a combination of thought and luck. Certain statistics such as combat skill and endurance attributes are determined randomly before play (reading). The player is then allowed to choose which Kai disciplines or skills he or she possess. This number depends directly on how many books in the series have been completed ("Kai rank"). In his first book, the player starts with five disciplines. With each additional book completed, the player chooses one additional Kai discipline.
# Glucogenic amino acid

A glucogenic amino acid (or glucoplastic amino acid) is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. This is in contrast to the ketogenic amino acids, which are converted into ketone bodies.
The production of glucose from glucogenic amino acids involves these amino acids being converted to alpha keto acids and then to glucose, with both processes occurring in the liver. This mechanism predominates during catabolysis, rising as fasting and starvation increase in severity.
As an example, consider alanine. Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid that the liver's gluconeogenesis process can use to produce glucose.
Muscle cells break down their protein when their blood glucose levels fall, which happens during fasting or periods of intense exercise. The breakdown process releases alanine, which is then transferred to the liver. Through a transamination process, alanine is changed into pyruvate in the liver. Following this, pyruvate is transformed into oxaloacetate, a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis process. It is possible to synthesize glucose from oxaloacetate, ensuring that the blood glucose levels required for the body to produce energy are maintained.
In humans, the glucogenic amino acids are:
* Alanine
* Arginine
* Asparagine
* Aspartic acid
* Cysteine
* Glutamic acid
* Glutamine
* Glycine
* Histidine
* Methionine
* Proline
* Serine
* Valine
Amino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic, known as amphibolic (mnemonic "PITTT"):
* Phenylalanine
* Isoleucine
* Threonine
* Tryptophan
* Tyrosine
Only leucine and lysine are not glucogenic (they are only ketogenic).
Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are classified according to the metabolic pathways they enter after being broken down. Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into intermediates that feed the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, which produces glucose. When necessary, these amino acids can be used to generate glucose. As previously stated, because they can be transformed into glucose via a variety of metabolic pathways, the majority of amino acids (apart from leucine and lysine) are regarded as glucogenic. Alternatively, the breakdown of ketogenic amino acids results in the ketogenic precursors acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. These substances undergo a process called ketogenesis that produces ketone bodies like acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.
# Insalebria kozhantshikovi

Insalebria kozhantshikovi is a species of snout moth in the genus Insalebria. It was described by Ivan Nikolayevich Filipjev in 1924 and is known from Russia.
# 1563 in India

Events from the year 1563 in India.

## Events

* Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India, a discussion on Indian drugs, by Garcia de Orta is first published.

## Births

* 15 April – Guru Arjan Dev, Sikh guru is born (dies 1606)
* Steven van der Hagen, first admiral of the Dutch East India Company is born in Amersfoort (dies 1621)

## Deaths

* Gaspar Correia, a Portuguese historian and author of 'Lendas da Índia ( "Legends of India"), dies (born c. 1486)
# Holaspina

Holaspina is a genus of mites in the family Parholaspididae. There is at least one described species in Holaspina, H. alstoni.
# Siwaze River

Siwaze River is a river in Zimbabwe. It is a tributary of the Insiza River.
* This article related to a river in Zimbabwe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Willerby

Willerby may refer to several places:
* Willerby, East Riding of Yorkshire, a village and civil parish located on the western outskirts of the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire
* Willerby, North Yorkshire, a small village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire
It may also refer to:
# Picerni

Picerni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jair Picerni (born 1944), Brazilian footballer and manager
* Paul Picerni (1922–2011), American actor
# Kaaperi Kivialho

Alli Gabriel (Kaaperi, A. K.) Kivialho (17 July 1884 – 28 April 1957; surname until 1904 Alander) was a Finnish educator, bank director and politician, born in Kisko. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1923 to 1924, representing the National Progressive Party.
# KIC

KIC may represent:
* The IATA airport code for Mesa Del Rey Airport
* The ICAO airline code for Kiwi Travel International Airlines
* The ISO 639-3 language code for Kickapoo, see ISO 639:kic
* Kepler Input Catalog of stars
* ketoisocaproate, the ketoacid of leucine
* Korea Investment Corporation
* Kansas Insurance Commissioner
* Kohler International Challenge
* Kobe Institute of Computing
* Kashyap information criterion
* Keep Islip Clean
* KIC Group, the parent of Eastar Jet airline
* Knowledge and Innovation Community, see European Institute of Innovation and Technology
* Korea Innovation Centers, government-funded offices to connect Korean startups to the US market in Silicon Valley and D.C.
# 1970 French cantonal elections

Cantonale elections to renew canton general councillors were held in France on 8 and 15 March 1970.

## Electoral system

The cantonales elections use the same system as the regional or legislative elections. There is a 10% threshold (10% of registered voters) needed to proceed to the second round.

## National results

Runoff results missing
| Party/Alliance | % (first round) | Seats |
| PCF | 23.8% | 144 |
| Miscellaneous Right | 17.8% | 389 |
| UDR | 15.6% | 206 |
| SFIO | 14.8% | 263 |
| Miscellaneous Left | 10.5% | 292 |
| CD | 9.1% | 183 |
| RI | 5.2% | 110 |
| Far-Left | 3.1% | 22 |

## Sources

Alain Lancelot, Les élections sous la Ve République, PUF, Paris, 1988
# 1968 Bulgarian Cup final

The 1968 Bulgarian Cup final was the 28th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Spartak Sofia and Beroe Stara Zagora on 6 June 1968 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Spartak won the final 3–2 after extra time, claiming their first ever Bulgarian Cup title.

## Match
### Details

| Spartak | Beroe |
| GK | 1 | Rangel Kostadinov |
| DF | 2 | Milko Gaydarski |
| DF | 3 | Dobromir Zhechev (c) |
| DF | 4 | Hristo Milenkov |
| DF | 5 | Yosif Haralampiev |
| MF | 6 | Stoyan Kitov |
| MF | 7 | Simeon Nikolov | 74' |
| MF | 8 | Ivan Stoyanov |
| FW | 9 | Mihail Gyonin |
| FW | 10 | Georgi Tsvetkov |
| MF | 11 | Vasil Mitkov |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | -- | Ivan Rankov | 74' |
| Manager: ||
| Vasil Spasov ||
| GK | 1 | Todor Krastev |
| DF | 2 | Petko Barokov |
| DF | 3 | Hristo Todorov (c) |
| DF | 4 | Zapryan Valchev |
| DF | 5 | Gospodin Dachev |
| MF | 6 | Zhelyo Koev |
| MF | 7 | Metodi Bonchev |
| MF | 8 | Boris Kirov |
| FW | 9 | Petar Zhekov | 56' |
| FW | 10 | Petko Petkov |
| MF | 11 | Georgi Belchev |
| Substitutes: ||
| FW | -- | Mihail Mihaylov | 56' |
| Manager: ||
| Hristo Mladenov ||
# Henk Wamsteker

Henk Wamsteker can refer to:
* Henk Wamsteker (footballer) (1900–1959), Dutch association footballer
* Henk Wamsteker (rower) (born 1936), Dutch Olympic rower
# 1968 United States Senate election in Hawaii

Elections in Hawaii :
Federal government
Presidential elections
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Presidential primaries
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2003 (2nd sp)
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State government
Gubernatorial elections
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Senate elections
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House of Representatives elections
2012
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Hawaiian Kingdom era
House of Representatives
1884
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Ballot measures
1998
Amendment 2 :
Honolulu
Mayoral elections
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vte :
The 1968 United States Senate election in Hawaii took place on November 5, 1968. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye was re-elected to a second term in office, easily defeating Republican nominee Wayne Thiessen.

## Democratic primary
### Candidates

* Daniel Inouye, incumbent Senator
* William Lampard
* Joseph Petrowski, candidate for Senate in 1962 and U.S. Representative in 1964

### Results

1968 Democratic U.S. Senate primary :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic | Daniel Inouye (inc.) | 111,135 | 87.54% |
| | Democratic | William Lampard | 14,357 | 11.31% |
| | Democratic | Joseph Petrowski | 1,469 | 1.16% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 126,961 | 100.00% |

## General election
### Results

1968 United States Senate election in Hawaii :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Democratic | Daniel Inouye (inc.) | 189,248 | 83.40% | 13.99 |
| | Republican | Wayne C. Thiessen | 34,008 | 14.99% | 15.60 |
| | Peace and Freedom | Oliver M. Lee | 3,671 | 1.62% | N/A |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 235,686 | 100.00% | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
# 1973 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl

The 1973 Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, part of the 1973 bowl game season, took place on December 29, 1973, at the Houston Astrodome in Houston, Texas. The competing teams were the Tulane Green Wave and Houston Cougars, with each competing as a football independent. Houston won the game 47–7.

## Teams
### Houston

The 1973 Houston squad finished the regular season with a 10–1 record with its lone loss coming against Auburn. The 10–1 record was the best recorded in the school's history to that point. The appearance marked the third for Houston in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, and their fifth overall bowl game.

### Tulane

The 1973 Tulane squad finished the regular season with a 9–2 record with losses coming against Kentucky and Maryland. Prior to victory over Vanderbilt, the Green Wave accepted an invitation to play in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl. The appearance marked the first for Tulane in the Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl, and their fifth overall bowl game.

## Game summary

* Houston - Marshall Johnson 75 run (Ricky Terrell kick), 12:13 remaining in the 1st quarter
* Houston – Leonard Parker 1-yard touchdown run (Ricky Terrell kick), 8:41 remaining in the 2nd quarter
* Houston – Leonard Parker 3-yard touchdown run (Ricky Terrell kick), 1:24 remaining in the 2nd quarter
* Tulane – Tom Fortner 32-yard touchdown pass from Buddy Gilbert (David Falgoust kick), 1:06 remaining in the 2nd quarter
* Houston – Nobles 2-yard touchdown run (Ricky Terrell kick), 6:42 remaining in the 3rd quarter
* Houston – Donnie McGraw 1-yard touchdown run (Ricky Terrell kick), 5:28 remaining in the 3rd quarter
* Houston – Donnie McGraw 32-yard touchdown run (kick failed), 13:41 remaining in the 4th quarter
* Houston – David Husmann 7-yard touchdown run (kick failed), 6:53 remaining in the 4th quarter

## Statistics

| Statistics | Houston | Tulane |
| First Downs | 26 | 10 |
| Yards Rushing | 402 | 102 |
| Yards Passing | 253 | 71 |
| Total Yards | 655 | 153 |
| Punts-Average | 3-43.3 | 9-39.2 |
| Fumbles-Lost | 6-4 | 2-1 |
| Interceptions Thrown | 1 | 4 |
| Penalties-Yards | 5-55 | 4-26 |

## Aftermath

Beginning in 1996, the Green Wave and Cougars became conference rivals when Conference USA began play in football (the conference began play in basketball and other sports during the 1995–96 school year). Both schools moved to the American Athletic Conference in 2014, with the Cougars eventually moving to the Big 12 Conference in 2023.
# Henan Elephants

Henan Elephants may refer to the following Chinese professional sports teams based in Henan province:
* Henan Roaring Elephants, a men's basketball team in the National Basketball League (NBL)
* Henan Phoenix, a women's basketball team in the Women's Chinese Basketball Association (WCBA), formerly known as Henan Elephants
* Henan Elephants (baseball), a baseball team in the now defunct China Baseball League (CBL)
# Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur

Pierre-Cyrille Hautcœur (born 9 October 1964) is a French economist and Professor at the Paris School of Economics. Hautcoeurs research interests include money, credit and long-run finance. His research was awarded the Best Young French Economist Award in 2003.
# Pierre-Célestin Rwigema

Pierre-Célestin Rwigema (born 27 July 1953) is a Rwandan politician previously associated with the moderate faction of the Republican Democratic Movement (MDR) party. He was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 1995 to 2000 and Education Minister from 1994 to 1995. When he was sworn in as prime minister he pledged to reunite his then ethnically torn country.
In 2001, he was accused of alleged involvement in the Rwandan genocide and had an arrest warrant issued for him by the Rwandan government. These charges were brought against him after his resignation as prime minister, when he fled to the United States to seek political asylum. At the time of the accusation, he was studying towards a Master's degree in Business Administration at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, United States. The political climate in Rwanda was volatile at the time. The speaker of the house, Joseph Sebarenzi, resigned and fled. There was allegations of a royalist faction working to undermine the RPF government, and restore the Tutsi monarchy. It has been reported that these charges against him may have been politically motivated.
According to Joseph Sebarenzi, a Tutsi and former speaker of the national assembly from 1997 to 2000, Rwigema was innocent. Sebarenzi wrote in his memoir, God Sleeps in Rwanda: "Regularly I would hear from friends or on the radio that someone else in Rwanda was being targeted. There was Pierre Celestin Rwigema, the prime minister. He was forced to resign. While I was speaker, we had investigated him for mismanagement and embezzlement. The RPF wanted him out and hoped we would censure him. But our investigation could not prove that he had done anything wrong, so we cleared him. I knew that the RPF would not let that stand. So when I heard that Rwigema had resigned, I was not surprised. He eventually fled to the United States. The government of Rwanda told the U.S. government that he was involved in the genocide and asked that he be arrested. But an immigration judge cleared him". He was eventually proven innocent and granted political asylum by the United States immigration court in Detroit.
In October 2011, Rwanda's prosecutor general, Martin Ngoga reported to the media that the judicial process in Rwanda also found no evidence indicting Rwigema in involvement with genocide and therefore his case was suspended. Rwigema returned to Rwanda after 11 years in exile, stating that he was returning freely, and soon held a press conference where he revealed that his primary motivation to return home was to participate in the ongoing development of the country.
In early May 2012, Rwigema was one of 8 candidates elected by the Rwandan parliament among 18 candidates to represent Rwanda in the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA). He vowed to advocate for effective implementation of the EAC common market and customs union protocols, and the fast-tracking of the negotiations on monetary union and the realization of a political federation.
Now he is a lecturer at Kigali Independent University (ULK) at the master's level and also lectures at Jomo Kenyata University at the Ph.D. level.
# Henderson ground dove

The Henderson ground dove (Pampusana leonpascoi), or Henderson Island ground dove, is an extinct species of bird in the family Columbidae. It was described from Holocene to possibly Late Pleistocene-aged subfossil remains found on Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Group in 1991. Its relatively small wings suggest it was flightless.
# Pierre de Sus

Pierre de Sus served as bailli of the Principality of Achaea following the departure of Prince John of Gravina for Italy in spring 1326. He remained in office until 1327.
# Piezocera serraticollis

Piezocera serraticollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linell in 1897.
# KVGH

KVGH may refer to:
* KGAY (AM), a radio station (1270 AM) licensed to serve Thousand Palms, California, United States, which held the call sign KVGH from 2016 to 2018
* KLXB, a radio station (105.1 FM) licensed to serve Bermuda Dunes, California, which held the call sign KVGH or KVGH-FM from 2015 to 2017
# 1973 Viceroy Classic

The 1973 Viceroy Classic, also known as the Hong Kong Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Hong Kong. It was the inaugural edition of the event and was held from 29 October through 4 November 1973. The tournament was part of the Grade C tier of the 1973 Grand Prix tennis circuit. Rod Laver won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Rod Laver defeated Charlie Pasarell 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2
* It was Laver's 6th singles title of the year and the 61st of his career in the Open Era.

### Doubles

Colin Dibley / Rod Laver defeated Paul Gerken / Brian Gottfried 6–3, 5–7, 17–15
# Pigozzi

Pigozzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Henri Pigozzi (Henri Théodore Pigozzi) (1898–1964), car merchant and industrialist
* Jean Pigozzi (born 1952), Italian businessman, art collector, philanthropist, and photographer
* Luciano Pigozzi (born 1927), Italian film actor
# Pigpen (disambiguation)

A pigpen is literally a pen that holds pigs, also known as a sty. Pigpen may refer to:
* Pig-Pen, a character in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip Peanuts
* Pigpen cipher, a substitution cypher in which the English letters are replaced with symbols that correspond to an easy-to-generate key
* Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (1945–1973), a founding member of the Grateful Dead
* Pig Pen, a character in the 1978 film Convoy