OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Staatstheater Cottbus

The Staatstheater Cottbus is the only state theatre of the German federal state of Brandenburg in Cottbus. It has its own ensemble presenting plays, operas, operettas, musicals, orchestral concerts and ballet. The theatre had more than 130.000 spectators in 2013.

## History

The theatre was built on demand by the citizens of Cottbus, a town flourishing around 1900 due to textile industry. The town assembly decided on 1 November 1905 to build a municipal theatre (Stadttheater) and held a competition. The commission was given to Bernhard Sehring, who had built the 1896 Theater des Westens in Berlin. In the Cottbus building, he combined architecture, crafts, painting and sculpture in Jugendstil.
The theatre was built in only 16 months, and opened on 1 October 1908 with a performance of Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm. The first Intendant, Max Berg-Ehlert [de], established to present a month of operas at the end of a season, because the theatre had no opera ensemble yet. From 1912, the new director Otto Maurenbrecher [de] established an orchestra and opera ensemble.
In 1992, the management of the theatre went from the town of Cottbus to the state. Christoph Schroth [de] became Intendant in 1993.

## Film

* So ein Theater! 100 Jahre Theater Cottbus, documentary, 45 min, moderation: Uwe Kockisch, production: rbb, first aired on 1 October 2008
# 2015 Anning Open – Women's doubles

Han Xinyun and Zhang Kailin were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals.
The top seeds Xu Yifan and Zheng Saisai won the title, defeating Yang Zhaoxuan and Ye Qiuyu in an all-Chinese final, 7–5, 6–2.

## Seeds

* Xu Yifan / Zheng Saisai (champions)
* Han Xinyun / Zhang Kailin (semifinals)
* Liu Chang / Lu Jiajing (quarterfinals)
* Yang Zhaoxuan / Ye Qiuyu (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Y Xu S Zheng | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Gai F Xun | 4 | 2 | | 1 | Y Xu S Zheng | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | V Ivakhnenko S Sharipova | 5 | 6 | [8] | | A Bai H Kuwata | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Bai H Kuwata | 7 | 4 | [10] | | | | | 1 | Y Xu S Zheng | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| 3 | C Liu J Lu | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | L Embree A Guarachi | 6 | 4 | [7] | | | | |
| | X Gao A Naydenova | 2 | 4 | | 3 | C Liu J Lu | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Embree A Guarachi | 6 | 6 | | | L Embree A Guarachi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Y Wu M Yi | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Y Xu S Zheng | 7 | 6 |
| WC | X Sun Yuk Zhang | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | Z Yang Q Ye | 5 | 2 |
| WC | Yan Wang Yi Zhang | 6 | 6 | | WC | Yan Wang Yi Zhang | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Lao A Raina | 3 | 5 | | 4 | Z Yang Q Ye | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Z Yang Q Ye | 6 | 7 | | | | | | 4 | Z Yang Q Ye | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | N Chilumula C Simmonds | 6 | 3 | [4] | | | | | 2 | X Han K Zhang | 4 | 1 | | | | | |
| | X You A Zhu | 4 | 6 | [10] | | X You A Zhu | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Chen L Zhang | 0 | 5 | | 2 | X Han K Zhang | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | X Han K Zhang | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Thiacidas leonie

Thiacidas leonie is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Ethiopia and Tanzania.
# William Herapath

William Herapath may refer to:
* William Bird Herapath (1820–1868), English surgeon and chemist
* William Herapath (chemist) (1796–1868), English analytical chemist and political reformer
# Katz Index

Katz index may refer to:
* Katz centrality in graph theory
* Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living
# Iolaus theodori

Iolaus theodori, the Maessen's sapphire, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Ghana (the Volta Region) and Togo.
The larvae feed on Phragmanthera nigritana.
# Integrated pilot training

Integrated pilot training is one way aircraft pilots may train for a Commercial Pilot Licence. Pilots will normally enter into an ab-initio scheme with a Flight Training Organisation (FTO) where they may have as little as zero hours flight experience, up to or above the minimum requirements of the law of that country or ICAO state.
Alternatives include modular training, and the Multi-pilot licence (MPL).

## History

Integrated pilot training was first put to the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority by Oxford Aviation Training in 1962.

## List of notable providers
### Germany

* Lufthansa Flight Training

### United Kingdom

* Oxford Aviation Academy
# Spring Creek Flat (Nevada/Utah)

Spring Creek Flat is a flat mostly in White Pine County, Nevada; but also partly in Juab County, Utah and still less in Tooele County, Utah.
Its elevation varies but is on at its highest point in the south is 6,686 feet (2,038 meters), and tapers downward gradually to the north to an east west line about a mile and a half south of Eightmile, Nevada, approximately 5,741 feet (1,750 meters).
# Zoraida

Zoraida is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Zoraida Gómez (born 1985), Mexican actress
* Zoraida Sambolin (born 1965), American television journalist
* Zoraida Santiago (born 1952), Puerto Rican composer and singer
* Zoraida Córdova (born 1987), Ecuadorian-American writer and editor
# Japan black

Japan black (also called black japan and bicycle paint) is a lacquer or varnish suitable for many substrates but known especially for its use on iron and steel. It can also be called japan lacquer and Brunswick black. Its name comes from the association between the finish and Japanese products in the West. Used as a verb, japan means "to finish in japan black". Thus japanning and japanned are terms describing the process and its products.
Its high bitumen content provides a protective finish that is durable and dries quickly. This allowed japan black to be used extensively in the production of automobiles in the early 20th century in the United States.

## Ingredients

Japan black consists mostly of an asphaltic base dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, sometimes with other varnish ingredients, such as linseed oil. It is applied directly to metal parts, and then baked at about 200°C (400°F) for up to an hour.

## Automobile use

Japan black's popularity was due in part to its durability as an automotive finish; however, it was the ability of japan black to dry quickly that made it a favorite of early mass-produced automobiles such as Henry Ford's Model T.
While other colors were available for automotive finishes, early colored variants of automotive lacquers could take up to 14 days to cure, whereas japan black would cure in 48 hours or less. Thus, variously colored pre-1925 car bodies were usually consigned to special orders, or custom-bodied luxury automobiles.
The development of quick-drying nitrocellulose lacquers (pyroxylins) which could be colored to suit the needs of the buying public in the 1920s led to the disuse of japan black by the end of the 1920s. In 1924, General Motors introduced "True Blue" Duco (a product of DuPont) nitrocellulose lacquer on its 1925 model Oakland automobile marque products.

### Ford's formulations

Ford used two formulations of japan black, F-101 and F-102 (renamed M-101 and M-102 after March 15, 1922). F-101, the "First Coat Black Elastic Japan", was used as the basic coat applied directly to the metal, while F-102, "Finish Coat Elastic Black Japan", was applied over the first layer. Their compositions were similar: 25–35% asphalt and 10% linseed oil with lead and iron-based dryers, dissolved in 55% thinners (mineral spirits, turpentine substitute or naphtha). The F-101 also had 1–3% of carbon black added as a pigment. The asphalt used in the Ford formulations was specified to be Gilsonite. This has long been used in formulations of paint for use on ironware as it increases the elasticity of the paint layer, allowing it to adhere to steel subjected to vibration, deformation and thermal expansion without cracking or peeling. It is also cheap, yields a glossy dark surface, and acts as a curing agent for the oil.
# Takino, Hyōgo

Takino (滝野町, Takino-chō) was a town located in Katō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,807 and a density of 597.22 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 19.77 km$^2$.
On March 20, 2006, Takino, along with the towns of Tōjō and Yashiro (all from Katō District), was merged to create the city of Katō.
Takino's former sister city was Hollister, California.
# Theron v Master of the High Court

In Theron v The Master (2001), an important case in the South African law of succession, Mr and Mrs Theron were married in community of property. Mr Theron died and left certain property to his grandson in a trust. Mr Theron's son was appointed as the trustee, and had signed the will as a witness. Mrs Theron sought an order declaring that their son could benefit from the will (i.e. be appointed the trustee) despite signing as a witness.
The court considered the facts and held that the testator was not defrauded or unduly influenced; therefore the deceased's son was competent to be appointed as the trustee of the trust, despite having signed as a witness.
# William Hepworth Thompson

William Hepworth Thompson (27 March 1810 – 1 October 1886) was an English classical scholar and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Early life

Thompson was born at York and was privately educated in Buckinghamshire before entering Trinity College, Cambridge in 1828.

## Career

Graduating BA as 4th classic in 1832, he became a Fellow of Trinity in 1834. In 1853 he was appointed Professor of Greek (to which a canonry in Ely Cathedral was then for the first time attached), and in 1866 Master of Trinity College. Also in 1866, he married Frances Elizabeth, daughter of William Selwyn, widow of George Peacock. With the exception of the year 1836, when he acted as headmaster of a newly established school in Leicester, his life was divided between Cambridge and Ely. Thompson died in Cambridge, at the Master's Lodge, twenty years after being appointed Master.
Thompson had succeeded William Whewell as Master and proved a worthy successor; the twenty years of his mastership were years of progress, and he himself took an active part in the abolition of tests (in particular the compulsory religious tests) and the reform of university studies and of the college statutes. In Trinity College An Historical Sketch, G. M. Trevelyan notes:
   But Thompson and the society over which he presided (1866–1886) were more ready than their predecessors to accept and even to promote changes long overdue. Trinity men were now in the forefront of the reform movement in Cambridge, no longer deprecating but welcoming the help of Parliament to remove from the living academic body the shackles of an age out-worn.
The efforts Thompson and others played an important role in transforming Trinity College and Cambridge University into more meritocratic institutions.
As a scholar Thompson devoted his attention almost entirely to Plato; and his Phaedrus (1868) and Gorgias (1871), with especially valuable introductions, remained as the standard English editions of these two dialogues for over forty years.
The quote "We are none of us infallible, not even the youngest of us" is attributed to Thompson and is recorded in Collections and Recollections by George W. E. Russell (1898) and also in Trinity College An Historical Sketch by G.M. Trevelyan (1943). Thompson uttered these words while Master of Trinity at a College Meeting of the Fellowship on 30 March 1878. As noted above, this was a time of great reformation within the College, willingly supported by Thompson. Gerald Balfour, then a junior Fellow of the College, later politician and Chief Secretary for Ireland, proposed a revision of the College Statutes. The quote was, as Trevelyan puts it, "directed in a kindly spirit at the reforming zeal of a group of junior Fellows". Incidentally, the motion was seconded by Coutts Trotter, one of the most senior Fellows.
# Jian'an

Jian'an, Chien-an, or Chienan may refer to:
* Jian'an (Eastern Han) (196–220), an era name used by Emperor Xian of Han
* Jian'an poetry, a Chinese poetry style associated with the late Han dynasty
* Seven Scholars of Jian'an, a group of scholars from the above period
* Jian'an District, a district of Xuchang, Henan
* Jian'an Subdistrict, Shijiazhuang, a subdistrict in Qiaodong District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
# Tagasta

Tagasta is a genus of grasshoppers in the family Pyrgomorphidae, subfamily Pyrgomorphinae and tribe Tagastini. Species can be found around the Himalayan mountains, southern China, Indo-China and Malesia (including the Philippines). It was described in 1905.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Tagasta anoplosterna Stål, 1877
* Tagasta brachyptera Liang, 1988
* Tagasta celebesica Karsch, 1888
* Tagasta gui Yin, Ye & Yin, 2009
* Tagasta hoplosterna Stål, 1877
* Tagasta indica Bolívar, 1905
* Tagasta inornata Walker, 1870
* Tagasta insularis Bolívar, 1905
* Tagasta longipenne Balderson & Yin, 1987
* Tagasta marginella Thunberg, 1815
* Tagasta mizoramensis Gupta, Chandra & Yin, 2020
* Tagasta nigritibia Mao & Li, 2015
* Tagasta rufomaculata Bi, 1983
* Tagasta striatipennis Ramme, 1941
* Tagasta tonkinensis Bolívar, 1905
* Tagasta yunnana Bi, 1983
# Zoraida Díaz

Zoraida Díaz Chamize (March 1881 – June 14, 1948), better known as Zoraida Díaz de Schtronn, was a Panamanian poet and educator. She is considered the first woman to publish a book of poetry in Panama.

## Biography

Díaz was born in 1881 in Las Tablas in what was then the Department of Panama, although her birth year is sometimes given as 1880. She was the daughter of Francisco Díaz Medina and Carolina Chamize de Díaz. She went to primary school in her home city, but for secondary school she moved to the capital, where she studied to be a teacher at the normal school there.
She then returned to Las Tablas to begin working as a teacher, where she also created a night school program for illiterate residents of the city. However, powerful city leaders felt threatened by her literacy program, and she lost her job as a consequence.
When she was 17 years old, Díaz wed Eleazar Escobar Restrepo, a Colombian teacher who was the mayor of Las Tablas at the time. But she was widowed shortly thereafter when her husband was killed in the Thousand Days' War. His death was followed by that of her younger daughter, who was only 2 years old.
In this period, Díaz began writing poetry, publishing verses in magazines and newspapers both in Panama and abroad. She also returned to teaching, serving as director of the Chitré School before returning to teach in Las Tablas. She later worked as a teacher at a boys' school in Panama City.
In 1915, she married again. But her new husband, the Spanish businessman Pedro Ross, died only a few weeks later, of a brain condition.
After Ross' untimely death, Díaz decided to start fresh and found work at the National Archives of Panama, where she remained until her retirement. She wed a third time in 1918, to the Russian Mendel S. Schtronn, a marriage that lasted until his death.
Most Panamanian poetry of the period was published in periodicals, with very few books released. However, in 1922 Díaz became the first Panamanian woman to publish a book of verse, Nieblas del Alma. Her second book, Cuadros, followed in 1937. She was part of a generation of Panamanian poets who focused on themes of independence and national identity, and her work is sometimes considered part of the Modernist wave.
Díaz was also a founding member of Panama's first feminist organization, the Centro Feminista Renovación. In 1923, she participated as a delegate in the country's First Feminist Congress, and she was an officer in the Feminist National Party.
In 1946, Díaz suffered a stroke that left her nearly paralyzed; a second stroke in 1947 left her nearly blind. She died in Panama City in 1948.

## Selected works

* Nieblas del Alma (1922)
* Cuadros (1937)
# Herbert Stronge

Sir Herbert Cecil Stronge, KC (3 January 1875 – 22 August 1963) was an Anglo-Irish barrister and British colonial judge.

## Life and career

The elder son of S. E. Stronge, MA, ISO, and Minnie L. Stronge, Herbert Stronge was educated at the Falmouth School and Trinity College, Dublin, where he took a BA and was Prizeman in Classics and English Literature.
He was called to the Irish Bar in 1900 and joined the North-East Circuit in 1901, practising in Belfast; he eventually became a King's Counsel. He was appointed as a stipendiary magistrate in the Bahamas in 1911, and acted as Attorney-General of the Bahamas in 1914 and 1915. From 1917 to 1925 he was Chief Justice of the Tonga Protectorate. From 1925 to 1931 he was Chief Justice of the Leeward Islands. From 1931 until his retirement in 1938 he was Chief Justice of Cyprus. He was knighted in 1930. He died in Durban, South Africa in 1963.
# Theropithecus brumpti

Theropithecus brumpti was a large terrestrial monkey that lived in the mid to late Pliocene. It is an extinct species of papionin.
This fossil primate is mostly known from skulls and mandibles found in Pliocene deposits excavated in the Shungura Formation, at the Omo River, Ethiopia. Both T. brumpti and its cousin, the extant gelada (T. gelada), were related to the baboon.

## Description

Similar to most other such animals, T. brumpti was quadrupedal with highly dexterous, manipulative hands. Males grew very large, as evidenced by a specimen found at Lomekwi, Kenya, which was estimated to have weighed approximately 43.8 kilograms. (In comparison, the male gelada averages around 20 kilograms). In addition, the male was most likely very colorful, with the female smaller and less colorful; the species displayed a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Like most papionins, the male possessed large canine teeth, primarily for display.

## Diet

Theropithecus brumpti was most likely a folivore. Large muscles in the long muzzle suggest T. brumpti ate tough vegetation, and was capable of breaking and eating large nuts.

## Habitat

This species was largely terrestrial, with the size of adult males making any significant arboreal lifestyle unlikely. From the locations of T. brumpti finds, the species lived in riverine forest habitats.
# William Herbert

William Herbert may refer to:

## Earls of Pembroke

* William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469) (c. 1423–1469)
* William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1451–1491)
* William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570) (c. 1501–1570), Tudor period noble and courtier
* William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1580–1630)
* William Herbert, 6th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1640–1674), English nobleman and politician
* William Herbert, 18th Earl of Pembroke (born 1978)

## Other peers

* William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis (1572–1655), an English peer and landowner
* William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis (1626–1696), an English peer and landowner
* William Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Powis (1665–1745), an English and later British peer and landowner
* William Herbert, 3rd Marquess of Powis (1698–1748), a British peer and landowner

## Others

* William Herbert (MP fl.1555), MP for Monmouthshire 1555
* William Herbert (Captain), MP for Cardiff 1555
* Sir William Herbert (planter) (died 1593), Elizabethan planter in Ireland and MP for Monmouthshire 1584–1597
* William Herbert (died 1645), Welsh politician, MP for Cardiff 1621
* William Herbert (Royalist) (died 1642), Welsh politician, MP for Cardiff 1640
* William Herbert (died 1646) (1621–1646), English politician, MP for Monmouthshire 1640
* William Herbert (of Coldbrook) (died 1646), Welsh politician, MP for Monmouthshire 1626
* William Herbert (British Army officer) (c. 1696–1757), general and Member of Parliament
* William Herbert (antiquarian) (1771–1851), English librarian and antiquary
* William Herbert (bibliographer) (1718–1795), editor of Typographical Antiquities by Joseph Ames
* William Herbert (botanist) (1778–1847), British botanist, poet, and clergyman
* William Herbert Bradburn, Canadian politician
* William Norman Herbert (1880–1949), British general
# Jian'ai Township

Jian'ai Township (Chinese: 兼爱乡) is a township in Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. As of the 2019 census it had a population of 14,698 and an area of 197.48-square-kilometre (76.25 sq mi).

## Administrative division

As of 2021, the township is divided into one community and ten villages:
* Daban Community (大板社区)
* Zhen'an (镇安村)
* Ganfeng (甘逢村)
* Danxing (旦兴村)
* Jian'ai (兼爱村)
* Dilong (地龙村)
* Zhenxin (振新村)
* Qing'an (庆安村)
* Dazhu (大竹村)
* Dingxin (顶新村)
* Donghang (洞杭村)

## History

The region came under the jurisdiction of Tianhe County (天河县) during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
In 1925 during the Republic of China, Huaiqun Township (怀群乡) was set up.
After establishment of the Communist State, in 1952, it belonged to the Fifth District. In August 1958, its name was changed to Huaiqun People's Commune (怀群人民公社). In October 1984, Huaiqun People's Commune was revoked and Jian'ai Township was incorporated as a township.

## Geography

The township is situated at the northwest of Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County. It is surrounded by Yizhou District and Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County on the northwest, Naweng Township on the east, and Huaiqun Town on the south.
There are two rivers in the township: Jiujiang River (九江河) and Qiexing River (且兴河).

## Economy

The economy of the township is strongly based on agriculture, including farming and pig-breeding. The main crops of the region are rice, followed by corn and soybean. Sugarcane and cassava are the economic plants of this region.

## Demographics

The 2019 census showed the township's population to be 14,698, an increase of 2.6% from the 2011 census.
# Tagasauris

Tagasauris is a technology startup company that was founded in New York City in December 2010. Tagasauris provides media annotation services and uses a combination of crowdsourcing, gamification, machine intelligence, and semantics to create and discover key tags for characteristics of the media object that is being annotated.
Tagasauris provided photo tagging services to Magnum Photos, allowing the digital archive of Magnum to be searchable. The project allowed volunteers to get early access to the (untagged) photo archive of Magnum Photos, and provides descriptive, semantic tags to the images.
A notable accomplishment for Tagasauris, achieved through a combination of machine and human intelligence, was the discovery of a set of "lost" photos in the Magnum archive, from the shooting of the movie American Graffiti: While the crowdsourced workers could easily identify the individuals (e.g., George Lucas, Ron Howard, Richard Dreyfuss, and Mackenzie Phillips, shown in separate photos from one shooting), the underlying machine processes connected these together to see what is common among them. The film American Graffiti was one of the suggestions. Tagasauris found nearly two dozen unkeyworded photos taken on the film's set. "Computers couldn’t ID humans in the photo but humans couldn’t know the context."
# Spring Creek East Township, Dent County, Missouri

Spring Creek East Township is a township in Dent County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Spring Creek East Township was named from Spring Creek, which flows through it.