OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# François Autain

François Autain (16 June 1935 – 21 December 2019) was a French politician. Over his career, he was a member of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group and a member of the Left Party, prior to which he was a member of the Citizen and Republican Movement but also the PS and the PSU.
He was a member of the Senate of France, representing the Loire-Atlantique department from 1983 to 2011 and a deputy in the National Assembly from 1978 to 1981. From 1981 to 1983, he served as a secretary of state in the governments of Pierre Mauroy in the Ministry of Solidarity and Heath and the Ministry of Defense.

## Biography

François Autain was born on 16 June 1935 in the commune of Luché-sur-Brioux in the Deux-Sèvres department. He studied medicine in Nantes and became active in the Union Nationale des Étudiants de France during the Algerian War. He became a general practitioner in Bouguenais, a commune near Nantes. In 1968, he joined the Unified Socialist Party.
In 1971, he was elected as mayor of Bouguenais, a position that he held until 1993. He joined the Socialist Party in 1975 and won election to the National Assembly in the 1978 French legislative election. As a physician, he focused on health issues in the Assembly. After the victory of François Mitterrand in the 1981 French presidential election, Autain joined the government as a Secretary of State, or junior minister. He served in government until 1983, when he was elected as a Senator.
Autain served in the Senate until 2011, having been re-elected in 1992 and 2001. He was a secretary of the senate as well as a quaestor, a role that gave him access to government funds that he could distribute to mayors of communes. The party removed him from its official list in 2001; however, he was able to win re-election in the 2001 French Senate Election as a member of the Citizen and Republican Movement. He later left the Citizen and Republican Movement and joined the Left Party formed by Jean-Luc Mélenchon.
He did not stand as a candidate for re-election in 2011.
# Yevpatoria assault

The Yevpatoria assault was an amphibious assault during World War II by Soviet marine battalion on 5 January 1942 at Yevpatoria aiming at diverting part of German troops attacking Sevastopol and the Kerch peninsula.

## History

The assault was undertaken by a reinforced Marine battalion (700 soldiers under the command of Cpt G. K. Businov and commissar A. S. Boyko).
* one battalion of 2nd Marine regiment (under the command of Cpt G. K. Businov)
* reconnaissance unit (under the command of Cpt V. V. Tomichev)
* several militsiya officers from Yevpatoria
They were carried to destination by a convoy of ships from the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Frigate captain N. V. Buslaev.
* minesweeper "Exploder" (базовый тральщик «Взрыватель»)
* seven patrol boats of "MO IV" class (МО-036, МО-041, МО-062, МО-081, МО-0102, МО-0105, МО-0125)
* tugboat "SP-14" (морской буксир «СП-14»)
The convoy left Sevastopol on 4 January 1942 at 11:30 pm and proceeded to the landings between 3 am and 6 am on the 5th. The assaillants were able to take control of the southern part of the city. Reinforcements sent by the opponent included an infantry regiment two battalions and batteries. A stormy weather prevented the soviet to get back up. They battled during 3 days against superior forces. Meanwhile, in the city occurred an uprising which participants along with local partisans joined the fight alongside the soviet troopers. Among 700 assaillants remained alive a mere hundred by the time the battle ended. The operation succeeded in distracting German forces from Sevastopol as well as allowing for troops on the Kerch peninsula more to prepare to withstand German assaults.
The marines taken prisoners along with some 3000 civilians were shot later on the Red Hill part of the 10,400 people shot here during the war.

## Aftermath

A sculpture outside the city on the sealine recalls the move. It represents the soldiers emerging from a wave. Another monument stands at the angle between Demychev and Revolution streets. A street is named after the feat in Yevpatoria.
# Multi leaf spring

Multi-leaf springs are widely used for the suspension of cars, trucks and railway wagons. A multi-leaf spring consists of a series of flat plates, usually of semi-elliptical shape. The flat plates are called leaves of the spring. The leaf at the top has maximum length. The length gradually decreases from the top leaf to the bottom leaf. The longest leaf at the top is called master leaf. It is bent at both ends to form the spring eyes. Two bolts are inserted through these eyes to fix the leaf spring to the automobile body. The leaves are held together by means of two U-bolts and a center clip. Rebound clips are provided to keep the leaves in alignment and prevent lateral shifting of the leaves during operation. At the center, the leaf spring is supported on the axle. Multi-leaf springs are provided with one or two extra full-length leaves in addition to the master leaf and the graduated length leaves. The extra full-length leaves are provided to support the transverse sheer force.
A multi spring is not just a bunch of pieces of steel put together. It is an engineered system designed to provide support, stability and safety to a vehicle. In a multi-leaf spring the length and the make-up of each leaf is important because each leaf is designed to carry a proportionate amount of load and stress. Also each leaf is designed to provide support to the leaf above and below it.
Analysis For this purpose, the leaves are divided into two groups namely, master leaf along with graduated-length leaves forming one group and extra full-length leaves forming the other. The group of graduated-length leaves along with master leaf can be treated as triangular plate. It is assumed that individual leaves are separated and the master leaf placed at the center, then the second leaf is cut longitudinally into two halves.
# Stilbosis alcyonis

Stilbosis alcyonis is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in French Guiana.
# Kamla Nehru College for Women, Jodhpur

Kamla Nehru College for Women, Jodhpur is a women's college situated in Jodhpur city in Indian state of Rajasthan. It was established in 1962. The college is affiliated to Jai Narain Vyas University.
# Stetsonia (foraminifera)

Stetsonia is a genus of Foraminifera with five species.
# 1977 in Brazilian television

This is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1977.

## Debuts
### 1970s

* 7 March - Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (1977–1986)

## Television shows
### 1970s

* Turma da Mônica (1976–present)

## Ending this year

* Vila Sésamo (1972-1977, 2007–present)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |

### Closures

| Network | Type | Closure date | Notes | Source |

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |

### Closures

| Network | Type | Closure date | Notes | Source |

## Births

* 21 September - Daniele Suzuki, actress & TV host
* 14 December - Ellen Jabour, model & TV host
# HMS Crane (1809)

HMS Crane was a Royal Navy Cruizer-class brig-sloop launched in 1809. She had an unusually uneventful five-year career before she foundered in 1814.
She was commissioned in September 1809 under Cmdr. James Stuart for the Irish station. Stuart captured two American vessels, Asia of Boston and Washington of Marblehead, on their way home from Archangel. He brought the crews into Horta, in the Azores, and released them to John B. Dabney, the American consul, who repatriated them. It is not at all clear why Stuart had detained the Americans.
In August 1811 Commander William Haydon took temporary command and sailed her for the Leeward Islands on 29 September 1812. On 13 December 1812, she collided with the British merchant ship Robert Augustus, which was on a voyage from Barbados to Surinam; Robert Augustus sank without loss of life. Crane's next captain was Commander Thomas Forrest. In December 1813 Commander Robert Standly became her captain.
On 4 April 1814 Crane chased the American privateer Chasseur, of 14 guns and 135 men, off St Kitts, but was unable to capture her.
Crane was lost, presumed foundered with all hands, in September 1814 while en route from Bermuda to Canada.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 Winfield (2008), p. 301.
* ↑ Abdo (2005), p. 60.
* ↑ "Lloyd's Marine List – March 19, 1813". Caledonian Mercury. No. 14239. 25 March 1813.
* ↑ Lloyd's List (20 May 1814).
* ↑ Gosset (1986), p. 94.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 152.
# François Baby (legislative councillor)

Charles François Xavier Baby (19 June 1794 – 6 August 1864), was the eldest son of François Baby and received his formal education at Séminaire de Québec before entering into business.
Charles had a varied career in business, encountering financial difficulties on at least three occasions, one of which ended in bankruptcy. He had purchased and lost various land holdings and also participated in the timber trade.
By 1851, he appears to have had the worst of his financial difficulties behind him. He was involved in building and maintaining lighthouses for the government. He became an investor in the north shore railway and specifically the towing service and tugs. His various contracts were bought out in 1860 for an amount equal to three major debts.
Baby entered politics in 1861, being elected as a member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada, and serving until his death. The years of government contracts and behind the scenes deals had made him a man of great influence in Quebec.
In August 1831, he had married Clothilde Pinsoneault, sister of Pierre-Adolphe Pinsoneault. He was the first Catholic bishop of London, Ontario.
# Aceria fraxiniflora

Aceria fraxiniflora, the ash flower gall mite, is a species of gall mite that produces galls on ash trees. The male flowers of ash are greatly distorted by the mites, which results in a highly disfigured and disorganized gall that remains yellow or green, and later dries and turns brown. However, there is little evidence that this injury has a substantial impact on the ash plant's health.

## Life history

Several generations of mites occur during the spring and summer season. During spring, female mites that have survived winter move toward developing male flowers to feed, which leads to the formation of galls. The eggs of the mites are deposited in the developing galls, and the nymphs that hatch out of these eggs live and feed inside the gall tissue. In fall, a generation of female mites develops, which overwinters in bark crevices under bud scales, after mating.

## Biology

The adult female stage of ash flower gall mites survives the winter under protected areas such as bud scales on the ash tree. In the spring, with warmer temperatures, the overwintering females start feeding, begin forming galls, and lay their eggs on the newly expanding buds. This results in the development of small pouches in the flower tissue, where the mites continue to grow. As the galls dry up in mid-summer, the mites move to the bud scales for shelter during the following winter season.
# Huinca

Huinca or wingka is an exonym used by indigenous Mapuche to refer to non-Mapuche, white Chileans and Argentines. The term originated in the area of Concepción in Chile from the Mapuche language word we-inka, meaning new-Inca. This is a reference to Inca invaders who were later taken over by new Spanish invaders. This word is rendered as "inga" by Pedro de Valdivia in a letter to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. At the time of the initial contact Mapuches called horses "hueque ingas" in reference to the hueque according to Valdivia's letter to the Emperor.
In modern times huinca has been used as a pejorative.
# Radoľa Manor House

The manor-house in Radola is one of the oldest historical monuments in Kysuce, Slovakia. Historical research suggests that the oldest part of the building dates to between 1550 and 1575. In the second half of the 17th century, the building was reconstructed, probably as part of the major development of Kysuce; the manor house was now at the center of the town. At that time the manor house was a part of the budatin lordship owned by Suchonovi, whose descendants owned it until 1798, when the budatin lordship passed into the ownership of the Csaky family. The well preserved manor house in Radola represents a Renaissance type of yeoman's habitation and initially it was apparently fortified by a castle wall.
# Stigmella abaiella

Stigmella abaiella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Iran.
The wingspan is about 3.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Pyrus communis.
# Hormidium (disambiguation)

Hormidium is a group of orchids whose various species have been transferred to Encyclia, Epidendrum, Homalopetalum, Lepanthes, and Prosthechea.
Hormidium can also refer to:
* A genus of algae, an illegitimate name whose application caused confusion, now included in the Prasiolaceae
** Klebsormidium, a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae
* Epidendrum subg. Hormidium, a subgenus of Epidendrum
# Streatham (disambiguation)

Streatham is a district in south London, England.
Streatham may also refer to:
* Streatham (electoral division), a constituency of the Greater London Council
* Streatham (London County Council constituency)
* Streatham (UK Parliament constituency)
* Streatham, Victoria, a town in Victoria, Australia
* Streatham (1805 EIC ship), an East Indiaman
* "Streatham", a song by Dave from the 2019 album Psychodrama
# McComb

McComb can refer to:
In Places:
* McComb, Mississippi
* McComb, Ohio (which was named for Alexander Macomb (American general)
* McComb (Amtrak station) in Mississippi
* McComb High School (Ohio)
* McComb School District in Mississippi
# Frederick Lavery

Frederick Richard Hugh Lavery (13 February 1898 – 12 January 1971) was an Australian trade unionist and politician who was a Labor Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1952 to 1971.
Lavery was born in Coolgardie, Western Australia, to Mary (née de Landgrafft) and William Lavery. He began his schooling in Southern Cross, but later moved away from the country and attended Fremantle Boys' School. After leaving school, Lavery worked for periods as a contractor (at Ballidu), bus driver, and truck driver (for Commonwealth Oil Refineries). He joined the Road Transport Union in 1920, and served as treasurer for 14 years and on the executive for 24 years, and eventually becoming a life member. Lavery entered parliament at the 1952 Legislative Council election, replacing the retiring Edmund Gray in West Province. He was re-elected in 1958, and at the 1965 state election transferred to the new South Metropolitan Province, following a redistribution. Lavery died in office in January 1971, at St John of God Subiaco Hospital. He had been married twice, firstly to Nora Newbold in 1925, with whom he had two sons. He was widowed in 1958, and remarried in 1966 to Ruby Hutchison, who was also a member of the Legislative Council. They were the first married couple to serve together in an Australian parliament.
# Agama bocourti

Agama bocourti, also known commonly as Bocourt's agama, is a small species of lizard in the family Agamidae. The species is native to West Africa.

## Etymology

The specific name, bocourti, is in honor of French zoologist Marie Firmin Bocourt.

## Geographic range

A. bocourti is found in Gambia and Senegal.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of A. bocourti is unknown.

## Reproduction

A. bocourti is oviparous.
# Nirmal Singh (Shutrana politician)

Nirmal Singh is an Indian politician who represented the Shutrana Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly between 2017 and 2022. He is a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected as the MLA in the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

## Member of Legislative Assembly

Singh represented the Shutrana Assembly constituency between 2017 and 2022 after winning the election.
In the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election he contested from Shutrana as a member of the Indian National Congress and was defeated by Aam Aadmi Party's candidate Kulwant Singh Bazigar by a large margin.
# McDaid's Football Special

McDaid's Football Special is a soft drink (locally known as a 'mineral') produced for James McDaid & Corey Delamingus Ltd., a company based in Ramelton in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland. Other currently produced beverages sold by McDaid's include Pineapple, Creamy Cola and American Ice Cream Soda. All McDaid's products were originally made and bottled at the Swilly Bottling Stores in Ramelton in North Donegal. However, since 2014, all of McDaid's products are now made and bottled for them by Maine Soft Drinks Ltd in Ballymoney, County Antrim. Some McDaid's products, including Football Special, are also manufactured under license by the Reading Soda Works in Reading, Pennsylvania.
The original factory in Ramelton was formerly a creamery. Football Special is one of McDaid's oldest and most distinguished products, winning two awards for excellence in 1984 and 1989 from the London Beverage Society.
Edward McDaid, the CEO of the company, was also on the founding board of Swilly Rovers FC, twice winners of the FAI Junior Cup, and, as such, wanted to celebrate winning trophies by filling the cup with a non-alcoholic beverage. They created a drink which has a beer-like foamy head and named it 'Football Cup', which later was changed to Football Special.
The footballer illustrated on the labelling of the bottles since 2015 is a stylised version of local Milford Utd footballer Kevin Moran.
Football Special is found most commonly on sale throughout County Donegal, where it was originally produced and it is often considered "The best drink in Ireland" by those who consume it. However, it is also widely on sale in neighbouring areas, such as in Derry and in Strabane and other places in the west of County Tyrone. It is also sold in Tesco in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh. Football Special is on sale in some shops in Belfast. It is usually sold in plastic bottles. Recently, Football Special was used to make Football Special-flavoured cheesecakes, which were sold in SuperValu in Newtowncunningham and Ballybofey. Football Special is also sold in some shops in Glasgow, and has been on sale since 2019 in some shops in Cambridge.
The brand was the main sponsor of the Foyle Cup in 2011.
# Główczyce railway station

Główczyce is a non-operational PKP railway station in Główczyce (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Słupsk | Cecenowo | Dismantled |
# Ivan Parfenievich Borodin

Ivan Parfenievich Borodin (30 January 1847 - 5 March 1930) was a Russian botanist, academician, and the founding president of the Russian Botanical Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He campaigned for the protection of natural spaces.
His wife was Alexandra Grigoryevna and his daughter was the historian Inna Lubimenko.
# Horse Holm

Horse Island or Horse Holm, known locally as Da Holm, is one of the Shetland Islands. It lies about 2.3 km west of Sumburgh Head at the south tip of the Mainland, Shetland. In the Norn language, it was called Hundiholmi (Dog Island) but was later renamed Horse Holm. It is used as an alignment point by local fishermen for several fishing marks.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Horse Island". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
* ↑ Irvine, James W. (2001). The Dunrossness Story. Lerwick, Shetland, UK: A. Irvine Printing. p. 11. ISBN 0 9522638 9 0.
This article incorporates text from Shetlopedia
59°51′00″N 1°18′59″W﻿ / ﻿59.85002°N 1.31645°W﻿ / 59.85002; -1.31645
* This Shetland location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Afroeurydemus armatus

Afroeurydemus armatus is a species of leaf beetle of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, described by Julien Achard in 1915.
# Admiral Bagley

Admiral Bagley may refer to:
* David H. Bagley (1920–1992), U.S. Navy admiral
* David W. Bagley (1883–1960), U.S. Navy admiral
* Worth H. Bagley (1924–2016), U.S. Navy admiral
# Steven Hale

Steven Hale (born 9 September 1963) is a British orienteering competitor.
He received a silver medal in relay at the 1993 World Orienteering Championships in West Point, together with Martin Bagness, Stephen Palmer and Jonathan Musgrave, only 15 seconds behind the Swiss winning team. He finished 6th in the relay in 1995, 6th in 1997, and 5th in 1999.
His best individual result is the 4th place in the short course in the 1993 world championships (shared with Jon Tvedt, only one second behind bronze medal winner Martin Johansson). In 1999 he finished 8th in the short course, and 12th in the classic course.
In domestic orienteering competition, Hale won the overall title at the JK Orienteering Festival 4 times in a row between 1990 and 1993, a feat only matched by Rolf Pettersson. He also won the British Orienteering Championships in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and the British nights championships in 1986 and 1987.
# Rabbi Yitzchak

Rabbi Yitzchak was a rabbi who lived in the 3rd century (third generation of amoraim) in the Land of Israel.
He was likely a student of Rabbi Yochanan.
There existed several rabbis of this name. According to Rashi and Rashbam, the Rabbi Yitzchak who taught aggadah was named Yitzchak ben Pinchas, while the Rabbi Yitzchak who taught halacha was named Yitzchak ben Acha. Another Rabbi Yitzchak was the student of Rabbi Hiyya.

## Teachings

Rabbi Yitzchak transmitted laws in the names of Rabbi Yochanan, Reish Lakish, and others. Laws in his name were transmitted by Rav Nachman, Rav Chisda, Rav Yosef, Rava, and others. He is known for the principle "A person handles his wallet at all times", according to which if one finds money in a public area, one may presume the owner had already noticed the absence and given up the money's ownership out of despair.
He was a colleague of Rav Nachman, and his blessing to Rav Nachman is well known:
    Let me give you a parable: A man was walking in the desert and was hungry and tired and thirsty, and found a tree with sweet fruit and pleasant shade and the aqueduct going beneath it. He ate its fruit and drank its water and sat in its shade, and when he desired to leave, he said: "Tree, tree, how can I bless you? If I say that your fruit should be sweet - they are already sweet. That your shadow should be pleasant - it is already pleasant. That the aqueduct should go beneath you - the aqueduct already goes beneath you. Rather, may all the plantings that are planted from you be like you!" So with you, how can I bless you? With Torah - you have Torah; with wealth - you have wealth, with children - you have children. Rather, may all your offspring be like you!
# Stewart-Clark baronets

The Stewart-Clark Baronetcy, of Dundas in the County of West Lothian, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 12 February 1918 for John Stewart-Clark. He was a director of the firm of Clark & Co. Born John Clark, he assumed the additional surname of Stewart in 1909.
The family seat is Dundas Castle, South Queensferry, West Lothian.

## Stewart-Clark baronets, of Dundas (1918)

* Sir John Stewart-Clark, 1st Baronet (1864–1924)
* Sir Stewart Stewart-Clark, 2nd Baronet (1904–1971)
* Sir John Stewart-Clark, 3rd Baronet (born 1929)
The heir apparent is the current baronet's only son, Alexander Dudley Stewart-Clark (born 1960). There is no further heir to the title.
Sir John Stewart-Clark, 1st Baronet, was the son of Stewart Clark, a politician and thread entrepreneur.
# Maybrat

Maybrat may refer to the following topics from Southwest Papua, Indonesia:
* Maybrat language
* Maybrat people
* Maybrat Regency