OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kerala Board of Public Examination

Kerala Board of Public Examination is the state level education board of Kerala. It is administered by the Government of Kerala. The board is responsible for conducting various examinations on the basis of a unified law. Its headquarters are located at Pareeksha Bhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram.

## Affiliations

There are more than 12,644 schools affiliated to Kerala Board of Public examination out of which 4504 are government schools, 7277 are aided schools and 863 are unaided schools.

## Structure

The structure is divided into:
* kindergarten (LKG and UKG)
* LP (Primary School/Lower primary, classes/standard 1–5)
* UP (Middle School/upper primary, classes/standard 6–8)
* HS (High/ Secondary School, classes/standard 9–10)
* Higher Secondary (11- 12)
Usually, the whole system of KG, LP, UP and HS are collectively referred as High School. Students completing this complete course (12 years including KGs, which is optional* and otherwise 10 years of education) will be awarded with School Leaving Certificate, abbreviated as SSLC. Based on the results in SSLC, students are enrolled into Higher Secondary Education (HSE) which was previously known as pre-degree and was conducted in colleges.
Now, HSE is integrated to the school system and most educational institutions now offer classes from LKG to +2. Higher secondary offers a wide range of subjects according to the candidate's preference. After completing +2, students are awarded with a HSE certificate given by the Board of Higher Secondary Education, Kerala under DHSE which is a passport to degree and similar courses.

## Grading
### SSLC

The SSLC exam conducted at the end of Class 10 is based on a 9-point grading system ranging from A+ to E.

#### KBPE grading system

| Grade | Percentage | Grade Value | Grade Position |
| A+ | 90–100% | 9 | Outstanding |
| A | 80–89% | 8 | Excellent |
| B+ | 70–79% | 7 | Very Good |
| B | 60–69% | 6 | Good |
| C+ | 50–59% | 5 | Above Average |
| C | 40–49% | 4 | Average |
| D+ | 30–39% | 3 | Marginal |
| D | 20–29% | 2 | Need Improvement |
| E | Less than 20% | 1 | Need Improvement |
# Grootmis

Grootmis is a settlement near the mouth of the Buffels River in South Africa. The name is Afrikaans, meaning "large mist", and it is named this because the fog hangs over the coastline for days at a time.
# Kafka's Dick

Kafka's Dick is a 1986 play by Alan Bennett which premiered in 1986 at the Royal Court Theatre London. It is a play about the nature of fame, and how reputation is gained.

## Plot

Set in the 1980s in a Yorkshire suburban dwelling, Kafka aficionado Sydney and his wife Linda are visited by Franz Kafka and his friend Max Brod who are both long dead. (Kafka had left instructions for all his works to be burned, which Brod chose to ignore.)
As the play progresses, it becomes clear that Kafka's wish was for anonymity, and that he had serious issues with his father, who turns up. The father knows a very personal secret about his son, which Kafka is terrified will be disclosed.

## Original cast

* Kafka - Roger Lloyd-Pack
* Brod - Andrew Sachs
* Linda - Alison Steadman
* Father - Charles Lamb
* Sydney - Geoffrey Palmer
* Hermann K - Jim Broadbent
* Julie - Vivian Pickles
The director was Richard Eyre, designer William Dudley, with music by George Fenton.
# Minister for Ageing

Minister for Ageing may refer to:
# Intel Timna

Timna was the codename of a proposed central processing unit (CPU) family by Intel. The project was announced in 1999 and was designed in Haifa, Israel; it is named after the Timna Valley in Israel.
The chip was supposed to be Intel's first CPU with an integrated graphics processing unit (GPU) and random access memory (RAM) controller which was designed to work with the RDRAM type of RAM. The price of RDRAM did not drop as expected by Intel. It was decided to use the Memory Translator Hub (MTH) that is also used by the Intel 820 chipset to link Timna with the SDRAM type of RAM. Later, a serious defect was discovered in the design of the MTH and so the Intel 820 based motherboards using it had to be recalled. The MTH was rebuilt but problems remained.
The GPU (codenamed Capitola) that was to be used in conjunction with Timna was based on i752/i754 that were used with 810/815E chipsets.
Timna was canceled on September 29, 2000.
The processor was expected to be clocked from 600 MHz to 700 MHz, use a 133 MHz front-side bus (FSB), have a L2 cache size of 128 KB, and was to be manufactured at a 180 nm process.
Intel Haifa was later tasked to be the backup team for Intel's mobile CPU design. Their knowledge of Timna's P6 derived architecture heavily influenced their project Banias.
# William Turner (priest)

William Turner, D.D. (10 May 1647 – 20 April 1685) was an English Anglican priest in the 17th century.
Turner was educated at Trinity College, Oxford. He was Rector of Stanhope and Archdeacon of Northumberland from 1776 until his death on 10 November 1722.
# Wolmark

Wolmark is a surname. "Wolmark" is a Jewish term for people from Poland. Variants of the surname can be found in other countries of Eastern Europe, as well as Argentina and the United States.

## People

* Alfred Wolmark (c.1877 – 1961), Polish painter and decorative artist
* Jenny Wolmark, British writer and professor
* Nina Wolmark, Belarusian writer and producer of animated series
* Zevi Wolmark (born 1962), American TV actor
# Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti (1960 film)

Herr Puntila and His Servant Matti (German: Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti) is a 1960 Austrian comedy film directed and co-written by Alberto Cavalcanti and starring Curt Bois, Heinz Engelmann and Maria Emo. It was made at the Soviet-controlled Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna. Production began in 1955, but wasn't completed until 1960. The film is based on the 1948 play Mr Puntila and his Man Matti by Bertolt Brecht which in turn is based on the 1940 Finnish play The Sawdust Princess by Hella Wuolijoki.

## Cast

* Curt Bois as Johannes Puntila
* Heinz Engelmann as Matti Altonen
* Maria Emo as Eva Puntila
* Erika Pelikowsky as Sandra
* Yelena Polevitskaya as Sandra Klinckmann
* Inge Holzleitner as Fina
* Dorothea Neff as Pröbstin
* Elfriede Irrall as Lisu
* Edith Prager as Manda
* Erland Erlandsen as L'attaché
* Karl Skraup as Josef, Apotheker
* Otto Schmöle as Richter
* Otto Wögerer as Bibelius
* Max Brod as Advokat
* Fritz Heller as Minister
* Gaby Banschenbach as Laina
* Josef Gmeinder as Arzt
* Aladar Kunrad as Polizeioberst
* Fritz Links as Probst
* Armand Ozory as Dentist
* Elisabeth Stiepl as Schmuggler-Emma
* Peter Sturm
* Robert Werner as Journalist
* Mela Wigandt as Apothekerin
# Pozo Cañada

Pozo Cañada is a municipality in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 2,703 as of 2023.
# Abagrotis nefascia

Abagrotis nefascia is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Smith in 1908. It is found in North America from Alberta and British Columbia down through Massachusetts to California. The species is listed as threatened in the US state of Connecticut.

## Host plants

In the western U.S., larvae have been found on Amelanchier and Ribes.
# Junko Tanaka

Junko Tanaka (田中 順子, Tanaka Junko, born 9 October 1973) is a Japanese former synchronized swimmer who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Gur

Gur or GUR may refer to:

## Places

* Gur, Tibet, China
* Gur, Iran
* Gur-e Sefid, Kermanshah, Iran
* Gur (river), Russia
* Gurney Airport (IATA code), Papua New Guinea

## Science and technology

* GUR, a form of Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene used for joint replacements
* Gur, the standard abbreviation for the orchid genus Guarianthe
* Persian onager, a subspecies of Asiatic wild ass

## People

* Gür, a Turkish given name and surname
* Aliza Gur (born 1940), Israeli actress
* Batya Gur (1947–2005), Israeli writer
* Efraim Gur (born 1955), Israeli politician
* Haviv Rettig Gur (born 1981), Israeli journalist
* Janna Gur, Israeli food writer
* Mordechai Gur (1930–1995), Israeli politician, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Forces
* Nándor Gúr (born 1957), Hungarian politician
* Sergei Gur (born 1978), Belarusian kickboxer

## Other uses

* Gur (Hasidic dynasty)
* Gur languages
** Farefare language (ISO-639-3 code: gur)
* Jaggery, a sugar product of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan
* TCG Gür (S-334), a Turkish submarine
* Gur, an Ancient Mesopotamian unit of measurement for grain
* Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine) (HUR MOU, alternative romanization: GUR, from Ukrainian ГУР), the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government
# Jeff Cosgriff

Jeff Cosgriff (born December 26, 1987, in San Francisco, California) is an American soccer player.

## Career
### Youth and amateur

Cosgriff grew up in San Bruno, California, attended St. Ignatius College Preparatory School, and played three years of college soccer at Santa Clara University, where he was named to the WCC All-Freshman team in 2006 and earned an All-WCC Honorable Mention in 2008, before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley for his senior year. He appeared in 64 games and scored nine goals during his three years with the Broncos, and played 18 games and scored six goals as a senior for the Golden Bears.
During his college years Cosgriff also played for the San Jose Frogs and the San Francisco Seals in the USL Premier Development League, and for NorCal Lamorinda United in the National Premier Soccer League.

### Professional

Cosgriff signed his first professional contract in 2010 when he was signed by AC St. Louis of the USSF Division 2 Professional League. He made his professional debut on April 10, 2010, in St. Louis's first ever game, against Carolina RailHawks.
After the demise of AC St. Louis following the 2010 season, Cosgriff signed with NSC Minnesota Stars of the North American Soccer League on March 22, 2011.
# Intel Turbo Memory

Intel Turbo Memory is a technology introduced by Intel Corporation that uses NAND flash memory modules to reduce the time it takes for a computer to power up, access programs, and write data to the hard drive. During development, the technology was codenamed Robson. It is supported by most of the Core 2 Mobile chipset series, but not by the newer Core i Series mobile chipsets.

## Overview

The technology was publicly introduced on October 24, 2005, at the Intel Developer Forum (IDF) in Taiwan when a laptop that booted up almost immediately was demonstrated. The technology attempts to decrease hard drive usage by moving frequently accessed data over to the flash memory. Flash memory can be accessed faster than hard drives and requires less power to operate, thereby allowing laptops to operate faster while also being more power efficient.
The Turbo memory cache connects to a motherboard via a mini-PCIe interface. It is designed to leverage features introduced in Windows Vista, namely ReadyBoost (a supplementation of RAM-based disk caching by dedicated files on flash drives, except on the 512 MB version) and/or ReadyDrive (a non-volatile caching solution, i.e. an implementation of a hybrid drive, as long as the main storage isn't already one); as ReadyBoost is backed by temporary files on generic storage volumes, it is unofficially possible to destinate this space for general purpose storage.
Turbo Memory is not compatible with previous versions of Windows (with only a no-op driver that merely acknowledges the device existing for Windows 2000 and XP); Linux support is limited to a third-party experimental MTD driver only supporting 2 GB modules.

## Availability

Intel Turbo Memory was made available on May 9, 2007, on the Intel's Santa Rosa platform and their Crestline (GM965) chipsets. Intel Turbo Memory 2.0 was introduced on July 15, 2008, on Intel's Montevina platform and their Cantiga (GM47) chipsets. It is available in 1, 2, and 4GB modules. It is supported in the Intel 965 Express chipset, and the Intel 4 Series Express chipsets (2GB and 4GB modules only).
Several retailers, such as Acer, Asus, Dell, Lenovo, Sager, Toshiba, etc., sold laptops enabled with the Intel Turbo Memory technology.

## Reception

A review in AnandTech largely concurred with some OEM criticism finding that "it basically does nothing for the user experience". HP refused to use the technology. Ars Technica wrote in 2009 that Turbo Memory "never took off", and CNET similarly pronounced that it was "never widely adopted", because "Turbo Memory (and Turbo Memory 2.0) wasn't cheap, and it definitely wasn't worth the cost."
In 2009 Intel had announced the successor to Turbo Memory for the 5-Series mobile chipsets, codename Braidwood. However, the series was launched without this technology. The ThinkPad lineup built on the first generation Intel Core-i platform features lands to connect a Braidwood module, however no production ThinkPad motherboard had the connector populated. In 2011, The Register wrote "I think we can say Braidwood has sunk without trace."
# Prestons, New Zealand

Prestons is a suburb on the northeastern side of Christchurch city.
The suburb is named for Thomas Herbert Preston (1824–1884), a local resident and chair of the Avon Road Board. It was first planned as a residential suburb in 2007, and constructed in the 2010s.
The suburb has a main exit to Preston Road at the north, and a minor one to the east. An exit to the south to reduce congestion has been delayed by disagreements over the intersection design. The new exit was still delayed in May 2023.

## Demographics

Prestons covers 4.07 km$^2$ (1.57 sq mi). It had an estimated population of 4,880 as of June 2023, with a population density of 1,199 people per km$^2$.
Before the 2023 census, the suburb had a smaller boundary, covering 3.98 km$^2$ (1.54 sq mi). Using that boundary, Prestons had a population of 3,048 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 2,811 people (1186.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 2,886 people (1781.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,137 households, comprising 1,485 males and 1,566 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 39.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 624 people (20.5%) aged under 15 years, 462 (15.2%) aged 15 to 29, 1,428 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 534 (17.5%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 87.7% European/Pākehā, 8.1% Māori, 1.8% Pasifika, 8.8% Asian, and 2.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 19.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 51.4% had no religion, 39.2% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.6% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.5% were Buddhist and 1.7% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 591 (24.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 306 (12.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $43,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 627 people (25.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,317 (54.3%) people were employed full-time, 378 (15.6%) were part-time, and 51 (2.1%) were unemployed.
# Wolmi Sea Train

The Wolmi Sea Train (월미바다열차), formerly known as Wolmi Galaxy Rail, is a monorail on the island of Wolmido in Incheon, South Korea. The monorail line has 4 stations and covers 6.1 km connecting Wolmido Island to Incheon Station, the west terminus of Seoul Subway Line 1 and the Suin Line. 1.15 km is double-tracked, but the loop around Wolmido (3.94 km) is single-track. Phase 2, if built, would have added 2 km single track connecting to Dong-Incheon station, also on Metro Line 1, with a potential Phase 3 looping back to Incheon station. The system is the first in the world to use Urbanaut technology, whose selling point is an inverse T-shaped track: large wheels run on the horizontal part of the track, while small wheels press against the rail and keep it in place.
The project was started in 2007, where it was originally designed to be a major monorail carrying 70 passengers. The line was scheduled to open in March 2010, but opening was repeatedly postponed. The project has a poor safety record. In April 2010, a test vehicle collided with a rail inspection vehicle, causing it to crash into a station, parts of which collapsed onto the street below. In August 2010, a wheel falling from the vehicle on a test run injured a pedestrian. In May 2012, a current collector fell off the train, although there were no injuries. In 2011, Joongang Daily reported that construction had been indefinitely suspended due to "colossal corruption", and that what had been built was set to be demolished due to "safety issues". It was reported the system was not built to the specifications of the Urbanaut. A technical inspection in May 2013 revealed numerous unresolved safety issues. In August 2014, it was announced that the monorail was unsafe and the project would be abandoned.
The cost of the entire system, originally estimated at US$60 million, had risen to 110 billion South Korean won (approx. US$100 million) before construction was suspended. A revised plan in 2015 cut the size of the trains to carrying 24 passengers. Construction based on the revised plan began in February 2015 aimed to complete in Fall 2016. It was eventually opened on October 8, 2019.

## List of stations

| Route | Route | Route | Station Name English | Station Name Hangul | Station Name Hanja | Transfer | Location | Location |
| ● | | | Wolmi Sea | 월미바다 | 月尾海 | ( via Incheon) | Incheon | Jung-gu |
| ● | | | Wolmi Park | 월미공원 | 月尾公園 | | Incheon | Jung-gu |
| ↓ | ↖ | | | | | | Incheon | Jung-gu |
| ● | | ↖ | Wolmi Culture Street | 월미문화의거리 | 月尾文化街 | | Incheon | Jung-gu |
| ↘ | ● | ↗ | The Museum of Korea Emigration History | 박물관 | 博物館 | | Incheon | Jung-gu |
# Hesperocyparis macnabiana

Hesperocyparis macnabiana (MacNab cypress or Shasta cypress) is a species of western cypress in from California that was previously named Cupressus macnabiana.

## Distribution

Hesperocyparis macnabiana is endemic to northern California. Hesperocyparis macnabiana is one of the most widely distributed of all the native California cypresses, found growing in chaparral, oak woodlands, and coniferous woodlands habitats along the inner northern California Coast Ranges and the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada. MacNab cypress is often associated with ultramafic soils.

## Description

Hesperocyparis macnabiana is an evergreen shrub or small tree, 3–12 metres (9.8–39.4 ft) (rarely to 17 metres (56 ft)) tall, with a spreading crown that is often broader than it is tall. The foliage is produced in dense, short flat sprays (unlike most other California cypresses, which do not have flattened sprays), bright glaucous gray-green, with a strong spicy-resinous scent. The leaves are scale-like, 1–2 mm long with an acute apex, and a conspicuous white resin gland on the center of the leaf. Young seedlings produce needle-like leaves up to 10 mm (0.4 inches) long in their first year.
The seed cones are oblong-ovoid to cuboid, 15–25 mm long and 13–20 mm broad, with six (rarely four or eight) scales, each scale bearing a prominent umbo; they are strongly serotinous, not opening to release the seeds until the parent tree is killed by wildfire. This enables heavy seed release to colonize the bare, fire-cleared ground. The pollen cones are 3–4 mm long, and release their pollen in the fall.

## Taxonomy

Hesperocyparis macnabiana was given its first scientific description in 1855 by the naturalist Andrew Murray under the name Cupressus macnabiana. It was named after William Ramsay McNab of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh the suggestion of Murray's brother, William Murray. As part of spiting the new world cypress species into the new genus Hesperocyparis it was moved out of Cupressus by Jim A. Bartel in 2009. This split has not been universally accepted, but as of 2024 Plants of the World Online (POWO) and World Flora Online (WFO) both list the new classification as accepted.
# Gregorio Fontana (radical)

Gregorio Fontana-Rava (fl. 1830s) was an Italian expatriate supporter of the Risorgimento.
Little is known of his life but he ran a bookshop in Antwerp as a meeting place for Italian patriots. His visit to England in 1833, during which he lectured, in association with Gioacchino Prati, caused some public alarm at his radical views.
# Kosuke Sato

Kosuke Sato (佐藤 好助, Satō Kōsuke, born 3 August 1942) is a Japanese former swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre butterfly at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
# Guocun

Guocun ("Guo Village") may refer to either of two unrelated Chinese towns:
* Guocun, Shanxi (郭村镇, Guōcūn Zhèn), in Qin County
* Guocun, Hebei (崞村镇, Guōcūn Zhèn), in Xuanhua County
* Dongguocun Township (东郭村乡, Dōngguōcūn Xiāng) in Hebei appears to mean "East Guocun", but in fact Dongguo (lit. "Eastern Wall") is an uncommon surname.
# Jefferson Davis Monument (New Orleans, Louisiana)

The Jefferson Davis Monument, also known as the Jefferson Davis Memorial, was an outdoor sculpture and memorial to Jefferson Davis, installed at Jeff Davis Parkway and Canal Street in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States from 1911 to 2017.

## Description

Richmond artist Edward Virginius Valentine was the sculptor of the monument. A stone marker about 20 feet behind the sculpture reads: Site of Jefferson Davis Monument/Dedicated June 3rd 1908.

## History
### Dedication

The statue itself was dedicated on February 22, 1911. The ceremony included a mass of schoolchildren dressed in red, white, and blue making a formation of a Confederate flag, and a speech by then-Louisiana Governor Jared Y. Sanders Sr., followed by the children singing "Dixie". Former Confederate officer Bennett H. Young also spoke at the ceremony. The date of dedication was said to correspond with the 50th anniversary of the inauguration of Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederate States of America, though the actual anniversary would have been four days earlier since Davis's inauguration was on 18 February 1861.

### Controversy

Since at least 2003 the statue was the subject of frequent vandalism.
After the Charleston church shooting in 2015, a concerted effort was launched to remove several monuments from public spaces in New Orleans, with Councilwoman LaToya Cantrell citing the Jefferson Davis Monument as "the one that really has some momentum around it." A grassroots activist group, Take Em Down NOLA, campaigned for their removal.
By decision of the New Orleans City Council in December 2015, the statue was ordered to be removed and stored in a warehouse until another location was found. Pro-monument supporters bearing Confederate flags and open-carrying firearms, surrounded the monument for weeks. They were confronted by locals who supported removal, and confrontations grew more heated until the City cordoned off the area.
The New Orleans local chapter of the Green Party of Louisiana issued a statement in support of the removal.

### Removal

On May 11, 2017, the statue of Davis was removed, on order from the City, despite the presence of dozens of protesters and supporters. Those removing the statue wore masks and helmets to hide their identities and the company name on their truck was hidden. After the statue's removal, the pedestal and base were also removed, leaving only the foundation. The cost of removing the statue was split between private donations and the City of New Orleans.
The statue was placed in storage at an undisclosed location. The City stated that it would be relocated, but no specific plans were announced. The parkway was renamed for former Xavier University of Louisiana president Norman C. Francis in 2020.
# Kent Brewster

Kent Brewster (born 1961) is a writer, editor, and publisher. He was the publisher and frequent editor of the Hugo Award-nominated Speculations, a magazine of science fiction and other speculative fiction, from its inception in 1994 until it ceased operating in 2008.
Brewster's short story, "“In the Pound, Near Breaktime," was a finalist for the 1996 Nebula Award for Best Short Story.
Brewster was born in the UK but lives and works in Silicon Valley, as an engineer for Pinterest. His web-based prototypes and demonstrations include Badge Any Feed with Pipes, Blog Juice and Netflix Widgets.