OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Italian destroyer Vittorio Alfieri

Vittorio Alfieri was one of four Oriani-class destroyers built for the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) in the mid-1930s. Completed in 1937, she served in World War II. She was sunk at the battle of Matapan on 28 March 1941 with the loss of 211 of her 246 crew including her commanding officer, Captain Salvatore Toscano.

## Design and description

The Oriani-class destroyers were slightly improved versions of the preceding Maestrale class. They had a length between perpendiculars of 101.6 meters (333 ft 4 in) and an overall length of 106.7 meters (350 ft 1 in). The ships had a beam of 10.15 meters (33 ft 4 in) and a mean draft of 3.15 meters (10 ft 4 in) and 4.3 meters (14 ft 1 in) at deep load. They displaced 1,700–1,750 metric tons (1,670–1,720 long tons) at normal load, and 2,400–2,450 metric tons (2,360–2,410 long tons) at deep load. Their complement during wartime was 206 officers and enlisted men.
The Orianis were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by three Thornycroft boilers. Designed for a maximum output of 48,000 shaft horsepower (36,000 kW) and a speed of 32–33 knots (59–61 km/h; 37–38 mph) in service, the ships reached speeds of 38–39 knots (70–72 km/h; 44–45 mph) during their sea trials while lightly loaded. They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 2,600–2,800 nautical miles (4,800–5,200 km; 3,000–3,200 mi) at a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) and 690 nmi (1,280 km; 790 mi) at a speed of 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph).
Their main battery consisted of four 50-caliber 120-millimeter (4.7 in) guns in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. Amidships were a pair of 15-caliber 120-millimeter star shell guns. Anti-aircraft (AA) defense for the Oriani-class ships was provided by four 13.2-millimeter (0.52 in) machine guns. The ships were equipped with six 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships. Although they were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers. The ships could carry 56 mines.

## Citations

* ↑ Brescia, p. 127
* 1 2 3 Roberts, p. 300
* ↑ Whitley, p. 168
* 1 2 3 Brescia, p. 121
* 1 2 Fraccaroli, p. 55
# Pemba white-eye

The Pemba white-eye (Zosterops vaughani) is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to Tanzania.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and dry savanna.

## History

The Pemba white-eye derives its scientific name, Zosterops vaughani, from John Henry Vaughan, after whom it was named.
# Hoblyn

Hoblyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Hoblyn (c. 1660–1706), English lawyer
* John Paget Figg-Hoblyn (1926–2011), professor and taxonomist
* Robert Hoblyn (1710–1756), English politician and book collector
# General Tso

General Tso may refer to:
* Tso Tsung-t'ang (1812–1885), Qing Dynasty military leader who suppressed the 1862–1877 Dungan Revolt
* Tso Shih-hai (1870s–1945), Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, and Mengjiang general and official in Inner Mongolia
* General Tso's chicken, dish popular in American Chinese restaurants, believed to be named for Tso Tsung-t'ang
# Tan Kheam Hock

Tan Kheam Hock (1862 – 21 April 1922) was a Singaporean politician and businessman. He was a member of the Municipal Commission of Singapore and several other organisations and a director of various companies.

## Early life and education

Tan was born in Penang in 1862. His father was Tan Teng Pong, a prominent and wealthy merchant. He attended the Penang Free School.

## Career

After graduating from the Penang Free School, he was employed at the Penang branch of the Mercantile Bank of India, London and China. After spending eight years at the bank, he moved to Kolkata, where he established a produce business. After spending two years there, he moved to Singapore in 1889 and joined the syndicate which monopolised spirit and opium farms until 1906. In the 1890s, he translated various Chinese works into Baba Malay.
In December 1901, he became the labour contractor for the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company, which later became the Singapore Harbour Board. In 1910, he was made a member of the Municipal Commission of Singapore, and advocated for the establishment of Bukit Brown Cemetery. In 1912, he was made a Justice of the Peace. He was the chairman of the Eastern United Assurance Co. Ltd..
He was the chairman or the director of various other companies, including Singapore Traders Ltd., Liberty Hall Ltd., Jesselton Ice Co., Sime, Darby & Co., Lunas Rubber Estates Ltd., Scudai Ltd., Muar Rubber Ltd., Craigielea Plantations Ltd., Indragiri Rubber Ltd., Titi Tin Ltd., Lingui Tin Ltd. and Singapore Building Corporation Ltd.. He was a committee or council member of the Chinese Advisory Board, the Singapore Po Leung Kuk, the Straits Chinese British Association, and the King Edward VII College of Medicine.

## Personal life and death

Tan was married and had nine sons, including Tan Chong Chew and Tan Chong Khee, and two daughters. He lived in the Penang Cot mansion on River Valley Road.
Tan died on 21 April 1922 after suffering an Apoplectic seizure. He was buried in the Alexandra Road Cemetery. His remains were later re-interred at the Bukit Brown Cemetery.
Kheam Hock Road was named after him.
# Sitsongpeenong

Sitsongpeenong is a Muay Thai gym in Bangkok, Thailand.

## Fighters

The gym is home to several notable fighters, who use the gym's name as their ring name. They include:
* Kem Sitsongpeenong (born 1984)
* Manaowan Sitsongpeenong (born 1996)
* Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong (born 1991)
* Thongchai Sitsongpeenong (born 1996)
* Yodpayak Sitsongpeenong (born 1993)
# Givry, Ardennes

Givry (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.
# Gbogolo

Gbogolo is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Massala, Séguéla Department, Worodougou Region, Woroba District.
Gbogolo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Pachycnemia

Pachycnemia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by James Francis Stephens in 1829.

## Species

* Pachycnemia benesignata
* Pachycnemia hippocastanaria
* Pachycnemia tibiaria
# William Henry Shirreff

William Henry Shirreff (baptised 4 April 1785 – 1 December 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer, captain of HMS Andromache, HMS Barrosa, HMS Warspite, and HMS Gibraltar. He had six children four of whom were daughters. He had two notable daughters, Maria Georgina Grey and Emily Anne Eliza Shirreff, who transformed the education of British women. He retired as Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

## Biography

Shirreff was born in 1785 and he joined the Royal Navy on 1 January 1796.
In 1810, he married Elizabeth Murray, the oldest daughter of the lawyer and Member of Parliament David Murray, a brother of Alexander Murray, 7th Lord Elibank.
From October 1812 until he invalided in July 1814, Shirreff commanded the frigate Barrosa on the coast of North America and in the West Indies.
From 10 September 1817 until September 1821 he commanded Andromache. When patrolling the west coast of South America in protection of the British interests in the region and in support of local independence movement against Spanish authority in the early 19th century when he was advised by Captain William Smith about the discovery of the South Shetland Islands in March 1819. Later that year Shirreff chartered Smith's brig, the Williams, sending Lieutenant Edward Bransfield on board with the mission to survey and map the new lands.
From January to November 1830 he was the captain of Admiral Thomas Baker's flagship the 76 gun HMS Warspite. In 1831, he was appointed to Gibraltar. He and his family lived there until 1834. One of his sons had died in 1829 and the other died whilst they were in Gibraltar.
Shirreff was promoted in 1846 to Rear-Admiral of the Blue.

## Honour

Cape Shirreff at the north extremity of Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula on Livingston Island, in the South Shetland Islands is named after William Shirreff.
# Italian dialects

Italian dialects may refer to:
* Regional Italian, any regional variety of the Italian language
* Languages of Italy, any language spoken in Italy, regardless of origin
* Italoromance languoids [it], languages that are related to Italian but do not stem from it
# Guidiguis

Guidiguis is a town and commune in Cameroon, Far-North Region, Mayo-Kani Division.
# Popular Unity Movement

Popular Unity Movement (Mouvement d'Unité Populaire, MUP) is a socialist political party in Tunisia.
The MUP was formed by Ahmed Ben Salah in Swiss exile in 1973. Ben Salah was a trade unionist (Tunisian General Labour Union, UGTT) who had been a member of the ruling Socialist Destourian Party (PSD) and minister of economic planning in the government of Habib Bourguiba. In this role, he pursued a communitarian socialist policy, aiming for a more unified and enlightened society by the means of a strong government. Ben Salah was made responsible for the economic failure of the late 1960s, dropped from the government, expelled from the PSD and sentenced to 10 years of forced labour in 1970. He escaped from prison in 1973 and fled abroad. His new party gathered intellectuals and Tunisian expatriates living in Europe. In 1977, it published a Charter of Democratic and Popular Liberties which had great influence on the political debate in Tunisia. However, the party remained illegal. When the more reformist Mohammed Mzali became Prime Minister, he allowed oppositional parties to run candidates' lists in elections and announced to officially recognize them in case they won more than five percent. However, the government rigged the elections and the MUP received, according to official results, less than 1 percent. Ben Salah therefore announced to boycott further elections. A more moderate faction which disagreed with Ben Salah, broke away in 1981 and formed the Popular Unity Party (PUP), which gained official recognition in 1983.
After the Tunisian revolution 2011, the MUP was finally legalised. But in the following election for the Constituent Assembly it failed to win any seats.
# Infoling

Infoling is a moderated email list for announcements and information related to Spanish-language linguistics. Its range includes topics like native languages of the Americas and teaching Spanish as a second language. There are over 12,000 members in 53 countries who receive updates via e-mail or social media. The website also features a searchable database of many thousands of books, articles, and dissertation announcements and reviews.
# Vaxholmsbron

The Vaxholmsbron is a road bridge that links the islands of Vaxön and Kullö in Sweden's Stockholm archipelago. It carries county road 274 [sv] and was opened in 1965, supplementing the earlier Pålsundsbron in providing a connection between the town of Vaxholm and the Swedish mainland.
There are two parallel spans at the site, with the original metal arch road bridge and a cable-stayed pedestrian and bicycle bridge that has Sweden's longest bridge span built of wood.
# Henry Bull (speaker)

Henry Bull (23 November 1687 – 24 December 1774) was a colonial attorney and politician in Rhode Island.

## Early life

Bull was born on 23 November 1687 in Newport in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a son of Henry Bull (1658–1691) and Ann (née Cole) Bull, who lived in Narragansett. After his parents death, Henry and his siblings were left in the care of his aunt Mary (wife of James Coggeshall). Among his siblings were Ephraim Bull and Ann Bull.
His paternal grandfather was Jireh Bull (son of Henry Bull, Governor of Rhode Island from 1685 to 1686 and again in 1690). His uncle, Jireh Bull, married Godsgift Arnold (the daughter of Gov. Benedict Arnold). His maternal grandparents were John Cole of Kingston and Susanna (née Hutchinson) Cole (a daughter of William and Anne Hutchinson).

## Career

Bull was apprenticed as a carpenter, but abandoned it to study law at the age of twenty-seven, becoming "one of the foremost lawyers of his day in Rhode Island." In 1720, he was appointed captain of the First Military Company in Newport.
He served as Attorney General of Rhode Island from 1721 to 1722. In 1720, he was elected as a Delegate to the Rhode Island General Assembly and served as Speaker of the House of Delegates from April 1728 to May 1729. He was the first justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the Newport County when the courts were established in 1729.

## Personal life

On 22 June 1710, Bull was married to Martha Odlin (1691–1721), a daughter of John Odlin and Lydia (née Tillinghast) Odlin. Before her death in 1721, they were the parents of four sons and two daughters, including:
* Henry Bull (1711–1731), who died unmarried.
* Lydia Bull (1712–1764), who married Capt. Rouse Potter.
* John Bull (1715–1726), who died young.
* Elisha Bull (1718–1718), who died in infancy.
* Jireh Bull (1721–1721), who died in infancy.
After the death of his first wife, he married Phebe Coggeshall (1706–1774) on 1 February 1722. Phebe was a daughter of Daniel Coggeshall of Portsmouth (son of President John Coggeshall) and Mary (née Mowry) Coggeshall. Together, they were the parents of seven sons and three daughters, including:
* Joseph Bull (1722–1774), who married Sarah Nichols in 1746.
* Ann Bull (1723–1790), married William Stevens, son of John Stephens, in 1742.
* Daniel Bull (1725–1753), who died unmarried.
* Mary Bull (1728–1821), who married Jonathan Nichols, Deputy Gov. of Rhode Island, in 1750. After his death in 1756, she married John Gideon, son of Gov. Gideon Wanton, in 1760.
* Peleg Bull (1730–1750), who died unmarried.
* Henry Bull (1732–c. 1781)
* John Bull (1734–1808), who married Ruth Cornell, a daughter of George Cornell of Middletown.
* Phebe Bull (1739–1814)
* William Bull (1740–c. 1782)
* George Bull (1743–1760), who died young.
Bull died on 24 December 1774 and was buried in the Common Burying Ground in Newport.
# Gmina Łowicz

Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.
The gmina covers an area of 133.38 square kilometres (51.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,444.

## Villages

Gmina Łowicz contains the villages and settlements of Bocheń, Dąbkowice Dolne, Dąbkowice Górne, Guźnia, Jamno, Jastrzębia, Klewków, Małszyce, Mystkowice, Niedźwiada, Ostrów, Otolice, Parma, Pilaszków, Placencja, Popów, Strzelcew, Świące, Świeryż Drugi, Świeryż Pierwszy, Szczudłów, Urbańszczyzna, Wygoda, Zabostów Duży, Zabostów Mały, Zawady and Zielkowice.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Łowicz is bordered by the town of Łowicz and by the gminas of Bielawy, Chąśno, Domaniewice, Kocierzew Południowy, Łyszkowice, Nieborów and Zduny.
# Grand Rapids Alliance

Grand Rapids Alliance were an American soccer team, founded in 2002. The team was a member of the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2006, when the team left the league and the franchise was terminated.
The club was part of the larger Alliance FC organization, which ran between 45 and 70 regionally and nationally competitive soccer teams for boys, girls and adults..
The Alliance played their home matches at the EGR Memorial Stadium in the city of East Grand Rapids, Michigan. The team's colors were orange and white.

## Year-by-year

| Year | Tier | League | Regular Season | Playoffs | U.S. Open Cup |
| 2005 | 4 | NPSL | 6th of 6, Midwest (1-9-0) | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
| 2006 | 4 | NPSL | 6th of 6, Midwest (1-8-1) | Did not qualify | Did not qualify |
# 1681 in Ireland

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events from the year 1681 in Ireland.

## Incumbent

* Monarch: Charles II

## Events

* Oliver Plunket, hanged for treason.July 1 – Oliver Plunkett, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, falsely convicted in June of treason, is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, London, the last Catholic martyr to die in England; he will be canonised in 1975. Anglo-Irish Catholic intriguer Edward Fitzharris is executed in London on the same day.
* September 19 – the Quaker William Bates and a small group of emigrants depart from Dublin aboard Ye Owners Adventure to settle in British America.

## Arts and literature

* The Dutch portrait painter Ludowyk Smits is active in Dublin.

## Deaths

* July 1 – Oliver Plunkett, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland (b.1629) (hanged)
# International Council on Nanotechnology

The International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) is an international, multi-stakeholder group committed to developing and communicating information regarding potential environmental and health risks of nanotechnology, thereby fostering risk reduction while maximizing societal benefit. ICON is composed of individuals from academia, industry, government and non-governmental organizations from countries of high nanotechnology research and development activity. ICON is a technically driven organization and does not engage in advocacy or commercial activities.

## History

ICON was founded in 2004 as an extension of the US National Science Foundation Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN) at Rice University in Houston, Texas. CBEN was founded in 2001 as one of the first six federally funded Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers. There are now 16 of these NSECs. NSF research centers are expected to engage in a broad range of activities that bring the discoveries of the lab into the wider world. These activities typically include partnerships with industry for the purposes of technology transfer, graduate student training, and other commercialization goals. Recognizing that the issues of nanotechnology's risks and benefits have the ability to provoke considerable social controversy, CBEN's early industrial sponsors encouraged the creation of ICON as a way of engaging in a broader dialogue with groups likely to be affected by or active in the debate.
After a start-up phase, ICON completed its first project in August 2005 with the web publication of a database on nanotechnology environmental, health and safety research (EHS). Initially compiled by a team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Chemical Industry Consultative Board on Advancing Nanotechnology, the database was turned over to ICON in spring 2005 to maintain and make web accessible. Further refinements have been made to the database over the years, including weekly updates, better indexing and search functionalities, and a Virtual Journal of Nanotechnology Environment, Health and Safety interface. The Virtual Journal and database are now widely used by people around the world to find abstracts, citations and links to published research papers on nanotechnology EHS.

## Activities

* Forums and events to explore health and environmental risk issues in nanotechnology
* An electronic knowledge base for accessing peer-reviewed publications in nanotechnology
* High-quality technical information relevant to decision makers in nanotechnology
* A proactive communications platform that translates complex scientific data into material easily understood by many stakeholders

## Major Projects

* Environment, Health & Safety Database and Virtual Journal
* Survey of Current Practices for Handling Nanomaterials in Occupational Settings
* International Research Needs Assessment for Nanomaterial Environment, Health & Safety
# Glasin

Glasin is a municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

## Geography

The municipality of Glasin borders on the district of Rostock in the east. It is located in an end moraine area, which extends from Kühlungsborn to the area of the upper Warnow river. The "Fuchsberg" is the highest point of this municipality, with a total height of 341.2 feet (104m) above sea level. In the south, the municipality of Glasin borders on Lake Gross Tessin. Glasin is approx. 14 miles (22 km) east of the Hanseatic League City Wismar and 29 miles (46 km) southwest of the Hanseatic League City Rostock.

### Organization of the municipality

The municipality of Glasin includes the following villages:
| Babst (became a part of the municipality of Glasin on January 1, 2001) Gross Tessin (became a part of the municipality of Glasin on January 1, 2001) Perniek | Pinnowhof Poischendorf Strameuss (became a part of the municipality of Glasin on January 1, 2001) Warnkenhagen |

## History

Glasin was first mentioned in 1248, Babst in 1267.

## Politics

Mayor is Mr. Joachim Wittke, who has been elected several times.

## Economy

The kindergarten "Gaensebluemchen", a restaurant (which is available for private parties only) and a voluntary fire department are located in Glasin.
Beside agricultural businesses you'll find some very small trade businesses, like a wheelwright's workshop, a corn workshop and a gas station. In Perniek, a part of this municipality, is an open cast mining of gravel/sand granulate.

## Infrastructure

Glasin is accessible by car from the Bundesautobahn 20 (Lübeck–Greifswald) exit 11 Neukloster/Glasin. The nearest railroad station is Steinhausen-Neuburg in Neuburg, served by local trains between Rostock and Wismar. The nearest airport is Rostock Laage Airport (31 miles/50 km).
# 1769 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1769 in Scotland.

## Incumbents
### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – James Montgomery
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Henry Dundas

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Arniston, the younger
* Lord Justice General – Duke of Queensberry
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Barskimming

## Events

* 29 April – James Watt is granted a British patent for "A method of lessening the consumption of steam in steam engines" – the separate condenser, a key improvement (first devised by Watt in 1765 in Glasgow) which stimulates the Industrial Revolution. In September he completes a full-size experimental engine at Kinneil House.
* July 17 – Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant, having left Chester on 26 June, travels from Bamburgh to Dunbar to begin his tour of Scotland.
* 3 August – part of the first North Bridge, Edinburgh, collapses while nearing completion, killing five.
* 25 October – Murder of Alexander Montgomerie at Ardrossan.
* 9 November – first Co-operative Society in Britain founded by weavers at Fenwick, East Ayrshire.
* John Maxwell (of Dargavel) begins to practice as a lawyer in Glasgow, origin of McGrigors which continues as an independent firm until 2012.
* Ayr Bank opens.
* Fort George completed.

## Births

* 2 May – John Malcolm, soldier, statesman and historian (died 1833 in London)
* 14 April – Sir William Rae, 3rd Baronet, politician and lawyer (died 1842)
* Charles Ewart, soldier (died 1846 in England)
* Robert Hetrick, poet and blacksmith (died 1849)

## Deaths

* 25 October – Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton (born 1723; murdered)

## The arts

* 9 December – first Theatre Royal, Edinburgh, opens.
* Richard Hurd's Ancient and Modern Scots Songs published.
* Scotland portal
# Gmina Łososina Dolna

Gmina Łososina Dolna is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Łososina Dolna, which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Nowy Sącz and 81 km (50 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of 84.31 square kilometres (32.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,814.

## Villages

Gmina Łososina Dolna contains the villages and settlements of Białawoda, Bilsko, Łęki, Łososina Dolna, Łyczanka, Michalczowa, Rąbkowa, Skrzętla-Rojówka, Stańkowa, Świdnik, Tabaszowa, Tęgoborze, Witowice Dolne, Witowice Górne, Wronowice, Zawadka, Żbikowice and Znamirowice.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Łososina Dolna is bordered by the gminas of Chełmiec, Czchów, Gródek nad Dunajcem, Iwkowa, Laskowa and Limanowa.