OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1771 Makover

1771 Makover, provisional designation 1968 BD, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 50 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 24 January 1968, by Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj on the Crimean peninsula. It was named after Russian astronomer Samuel Makover.

## Orbit and classification

The dark C-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,015 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. At Johannesburg Observatory, Makover was first identified as 1937 LM in 1937. Its first used observation was made at the same observatory one year later, when it was identified as 1938 QJ, extending the body's observation arc by 30 years prior to its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

In December 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Makover was obtained by astronomer Andrea Ferrero from photometric observation. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 11.26 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude (U=3).
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Makover measures between 46.89 and 63.59 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.025 and 0.072. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0382 and a diameter of 56.59 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.4.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in honor of Russian astronomer Samuel Gdalevich Makover (1908–1970), who studied extensively the orbit of Encke's Comet (referred to as Comet Encke-Backlund in Russia), and pioneered in the use of electronic calculators for computing planetary perturbations and orbit improvements. He was head of the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics's (ITA) department of minor planets and comets, and editor of the annual volume of Minor Planet Ephemerides. He was also a vice-president of IAU's commission 20, Positions & Motions of Minor Planets, Comets & Satellites, in the 1960s. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 1971 (M.P.C. 3185).
# William McCormick Blair Jr.

William McCormick "Bill" Blair Jr. (October 24, 1916 – August 29, 2015) was an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Denmark from 1961 to 1964 and as United States Ambassador to the Philippines from 1964 until 1967. A lawyer, he also was a close associate of Adlai Stevenson II. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws (L.L. D.) degree from Whittier College in 1964.

## Early life

Blair was a son of Helen Hadduck (Bowen) and William M. Blair, who co-founded the investment banking firm William Blair & Company. He graduated from the Groton School in 1935, Stanford University, and the University of Virginia Law School in 1947.

## Personal life

On September 9, 1961, in the chapel at Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød, Denmark, Ambassador Blair married Catherine "Deeda" Gerlach (born 1931), the former wife of oleomargarine heir Charles Clarke Jelke and the only daughter of Norman Harbridge Gerlach (1904–1980), a partner in the Chicago law firm Gerlach & O'Brien, and his wife, the former Joanna Powell. Deeda Blair (who was later a subject of portraits by Andy Warhol) was named director and vice-president of the Lasker Foundation in 1965 and is a noted advocate for public health issues.
The couple had one child, a son named William McCormick Blair III, who committed suicide in May 2004 at age 41. After their son's death, they relocated from Washington, D.C., to New York City. He died on August 29, 2015, at his home in Manhattan at the age of 98.

## Family tree

vteMcCormick Chicago family tree :
Robert McCormick Jr. (1780–1846)Mary Ann Hall (1780–1853)
Nancy Fowler (1835–1923)Cyrus Hall McCormick Sr. (1809–1884)William Sanderson McCormick (1815–1865)Mary Ann Grigsby (1828–1878)Leander James McCormick (1819–1900)
Cyrus Hall McCormick Jr. (1859–1936)Anita McCormick Blaine (1866–1954)Harold Fowler McCormick (1872–1941)Robert Sanderson McCormick (1849–1919)William Grigsby McCormick (1851–1941)Anna Reubenia McCormick (1860–1917)Leander Hamilton McCormick (1859–1934)
Joseph Medill McCormick (1877–1925)Ruth Hanna (1880–1944)Robert Rutherford McCormick (1880–1955)Chauncey Brooks McCormick (1884–1954)William McCormick Blair Sr. (1884–1982)
Bazy Tankersley (1921-2013)Hope Baldwin (1919–1993)Brooks McCormick (1917–2006)William McCormick Blair Jr. (1916–2015) :
Notes: :
# 12/9

12/9 may refer to:
* December 9 (month-day date notation)
* September 12 (day-month date notation)
* 12 shillings and 9 pence in UK predecimal currency
# William Sergrove

William Sergrove (1746–1796) was a Clergyman and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford.

## Education

He was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon, (now Abingdon School) and St Paul's School, London. He earned a B.A (1766) and M.A (1769) at Pembroke. B.D. (1778) and Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) 1789.

## Career

Sergrove was Master of Pembroke from 1789 to 1796.
The close relationship between Abingdon School and Pembroke College resulted in seven Old Abingdonians being appointed as consecutive masters at Pembroke between 1710 and 1843. They were Colwell Brickenden 1709–1714; Matthew Panting, 1714–1738; John Ratcliffe, 1738–1775; William Adams, 1775–1789; Sergrove 1789–1796; John Smyth, 1796-1809 and George William Hall, 1809–1843.
He was rector of St. Aldates's, Oxford (1774-1789), canon of Gloucester (1789), vicar of Penmark and Llantwit Major (1795-1796).
# William Tallon (trade unionist)

William Tallon (1902 – 29 November 1978) was a British trade unionist.
Tallon worked at Leyland Motors, where he joined the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). He held a variety of posts in his union branch and, later, at district level, and was elected as secretary of the joint shop stewards committee at Leyland, then became a full-time regional officer for the union.
In 1952, Tallon was elected to the executive council of the AEU. Although this was the peak of his career in the union, he came to greater prominence representing the AEU at other national bodies. He served on the executive of the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions, and was its president in 1966/67, while in 1957, he was elected to the General Council of the TUC, holding his seat until his retirement in 1967.
Tallon also served on a variety of government committees. In 1958, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
# Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The Institute of Archaeology (IA; Chinese: 中国社会科学院考古研究所) is a constituent institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), based in Beijing, China. It was founded on 1 August 1950, as part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its original 20 or so researchers came from the Beiping Research Academy and the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica of the Republic of China. In 1977, the institute became part of the newly established CASS.

## Academic departments

* Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, established 1953
* Department of Xia, Shang and Zhou Archaeology, established 1953
* Research Department of Han to Tang Archaeology, established 1953
* Research Center for Frontier Archaeology and Foreign Archaeology, established 2002
* Center for Scientific Archaeology, established 1995
* Archaeology Press, established 1955
* Center for Archaeological Data and Information, established 1996
In addition, the Research Center for Ancient Civilizations and the Conservation and Research Center of Cultural Heritage are also affiliated with IA CASS. The institute is also responsible for the Department of Archaeology of the Graduate School of CASS.

## Journals

The institute publishes several academic journals in Chinese:
* Kaogu (Archaeology), monthly
* Acta Archaeologica Sinica (Kaogu Xuebao), quarterly
* Kaoguxue jikan (Archaeology Periodicals), annually
* Kaoguxue cankao ziliao (aperiodically)
* Zhongguo kaoguxue nianjian (Annals of Chinese Archaeology)
It also publishes China's only English-language archaeological journal, Chinese Archaeology.

## Major excavations

* Banpo, in Xi'an, Shaanxi
* Miaodigou, in Shan County, Henan
* Qujialing, in Jingshan County, Hubei
* Liuwan, in Ledu, Qinghai
* Erlitou, in Yanshi, Henan
* Yinxu, in Anyang, Henan
* Fenghao, in Shaanxi
* Eastern Zhou dynasty Luoyang, in Henan
* Han dynasty Chang'an, in Shaanxi
* Mancheng Han tomb in Hebei
* Han and Wei dynasty Luoyang
* Sui and Tang dynasty Daxing-Chang'an
* Sui and Tang dynasty Luoyang
* Khanbaliq, capital of the Yuan dynasty, in Beijing
* Dingling Mausoleum of the Ming dynasty

## List of directors

* Zheng Zhenduo (deputy directors: Liang Siyong and Xia Nai)
* Yin Da (尹达)
* Xia Nai
* Wang Zhongshu (1982–1988)
* Xu Pingfang (徐苹芳, 1988–1992)
* Ren Shinan (任式楠, 1992–1998)
* Liu Qingzhu (刘庆柱, 1998–2006)
* Wang Wei (王巍, 2006–2017)
* Chen Xingcan (陈星灿, 2017–present)

## Other prominent archaeologists

* Xu Xusheng, discoverer of the Erlitou culture
* Zheng Zhenxiang, discovered the Shang dynasty tomb of Fuhao
* Chen Mengjia, authority on oracle bones and ancient Chinese bronzes
* Guo Baojun (郭宝钧)
* Huang Wenbi
* Huang Zhanyue
* Su Bingqi
# Institute of Archaeology and Art History, Cluj-Napoca

The Institute of Archaeology and Art History is an academic research institution in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

## History

In the early days of 1990 began the process of rebirth of the Romanian Academy, a national institution of reference for Romanian culture and science, founded in 1866. Former Romanian Academy research institutes, temporarily affiliated with universities, have returned to the original jurisdiction.
The Institute of Archaeology and Art History of the Romanian Academy, established on March 3, 1990 through a government decision, together with the Institute of History "George Bariț" is continuing the traditions of scientific and research developed in 1920s by the Romanian National Historical Institute, the Romanian Institute of Classical Studies and the Romanian Art History Seminar.
# Jesse Elliston

Jesse Elliston (3 March 1806 – 26 July 1853) was a proprietor of Elliston & Cavell, which became the leading department store in Oxford, England.
Elliston was born in Ipswich, Suffolk, to James and Mary Ann Elliston. He was baptised a Baptist. He owned a draper's shop in central Oxford when his sister, Sarah Elliston of Summertown in north Oxford, married John Cavell on 9 April 1835. As a result, Elliston made Cavell a partner of the shop, which then became known as Elliston & Cavell. It went on to become the largest department store in Oxford for many years, until its eventual conversion to a Debenhams store.
In 1853, after feeling unwell for a week, the 47-year-old Elliston collapsed and died suddenly while walking in the Banbury Road on his way to Summertown. Cavell subsequently took over the running of the shop.
# Intensity modulation

In optical communications, intensity modulation (IM) is a form of modulation in which the optical power output of a source is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal. The envelope of the modulated optical signal is an analog of the modulating signal in the sense that the instantaneous power of the envelope is an analog of the characteristic of interest in the modulating signal.
The recovery of the modulating signal is typically achieved by direct detection, not heterodyning. However, optical heterodyne detection is possible and has been actively studied since 1979. Bell Laboratories had a working, but impractical, system in 1969. Heterodyne and homodyne systems are of interest because they are expected to produce an increase in sensitivity of up to 20 dB allowing longer hops between islands for instance. Such systems also have the important advantage of very narrow channel spacing in optical frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. OFDM is a step beyond wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Normal WDM using direct detection does not achieve anything like the close channel spacing of radio frequency FDM.

## Intensity modulation with direct detection

Intensity Modulation / Direct Detection (IM/DD) is a scheme is simple and cost-effective in fiber optic communication, making it a suitable for various optical communication applications. It involves modulating the optical power of the carrier signal to represent the transmitted data. This modulation can be achieved using techniques, such as on-off keying (OOK). The intensity-modulated optical signal is generated by modulating the amplitude or the current of the light source, typically a laser diode with one or two cavity designs such as Fabry-Perot or distributed feedback (DFB).
At the receiver end, direct detection (DD) is used to recover the modulated signal. The modulated optical signal is detected by a photodetector (most commonly PIN or APD photodiode), which converts the optical power variations into corresponding electrical current or voltage variations. The output of the photodetector is then processed and decoded to retrieve the original information.
# 2009 Maldivian Second Division Football Tournament

Statistics of Second Division Football Tournament in the 2009 season.

## Stadiums

Matches were played at 2 venues; Henveiru Football Ground and Maafannu Turf Ground.

## Teams

Twelve teams compete in the league – top 2 teams qualify to play in the 2010 Dhivehi league play-off and bottom 2 teams will be relegated to Third division.

## League table

| Pos | Club | Pts | Promotion, qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Vyansa (C, P) | 29 | 2010 Dhivehi league play-off |
| 2 | Club Eagles | 27 | 2010 Dhivehi league play-off |
| 3 – 10 | Red Line Club Hurriyya SC Club Gaamagu S.C. Mecano F.C. Cicada F.C. Baaz L.T. Sports Club United Victory | NA | |
| 11 – 12 | Kinbidhoo Improvement Network (R) Maabaidhoo I.G. (R) | NA | Relegation to 2010 Third Division |
Source: Haveeru Sports (C) Champion; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated.

## Results

| Results | EAG | GAM | BAZ | CIC | HUR | KIN | LTS | MIG | RLC | MEC | UVI |
| Eagles | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gaamagu | – | | | | | | | | | | |
| Baaz | – | – | | | | | | | | | |
| Cicada | – | – | – | | | | | | | | |
| Hurriyya | – | 0–0 | – | – | | | | | | | |
| Kinbidhoo IN | – | – | – | – | – | | | | | | |
| LT Sports | – | 1–2 | – | – | – | – | | | | | |
| Maabaidhoo IG | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | | | |
| Red Line | – | – | – | – | – | 6–0 | – | 8–0 | | | |
| Mecano | 1–1 | – | – | – | 1–3 | – | – | – | – | | |
| United Victory | 1–7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Vyansa | – | – | 11–0 | 14–2 | – | 2–0 | – | – | 7–2 | – | 2–1 |

## Awards

| Award | Winner |
| Best player | Ibrahim Saqib (Red Line Club) |
| Best goalkeeper | Tholaal Abdul Azeez (Club Eagles) |
| Top scorer | Ibrahim Saqib (Red Line Club) 27 Goals |
| Fair play player | Mohamed Ziyad (Club Eagles) |
| Fair team | Hurriyya SC |
# William Morrison (cricketer)

William Morrison (21 May 1850 – 31 October 1910) was a Scottish-born cricketer. He played two first-class matches in New Zealand for Otago, one in each of the 1876–77 and 1880–81 seasons.
Morrison was born at Alva in the Scottish county of Clackmannanshire in 1850. He made his representative debut for Otago against Canterbury in January 1877, opening the bowling and taking six wickets in Canterbury's first innings and three in their second. He played in an odds match against a touring English side later in the season and appeared against touring Australian sides in 1877–78 and 1880–81. He played his final first-class match during the latter season, not taking a wicket against Canterbury.
Morrison died at Dunedin in 1910. He was aged 60.
# William Kaye (priest)

William Frederick John Kaye (13 November 1822 – 9 June 1913) was an eminent Anglican priest in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth.
Kaye was born in Cambridge, the only son of John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, and Eliza Wortlock. He was educated at Eton and Balliol. He was ordained in 1846 and became the incumbent at Riseholme. He was Archdeacon of Lincoln from 1863 until his death in Lincoln, aged 90.
Kaye married Mary, daughter of Bishop John Jackson.
# 16th Field Battery, Royal Australian Artillery

The 16th Field Battery was an Australian Army Reserve unit based in Tasmania with depots at Paterson Barracks in Launceston and Derwent Barracks in Hobart until 2013, when it was reduced in size to a troop, and amalgamated with its Adelaide-based sister battery, 48 Field Battery, to form the 6th/13th Light Battery. The unit is the longest continually serving reserve artillery unit in the Australian Army.

## History

The troop traces its history to the Launceston Volunteer Artillery Corps, a volunteer formation raised by the citizens of Launceston on 6 June 1860 under the Tasmanian Colonial government. Following Federation it was handed over to the newly formed Commonwealth and became part of the Citizen's Military Force. Despite numerous increases, reductions and name changes over the years, the Launceston detachment has remained in operation continuously from its formation right through to the present day, and has inhabited the historically significant Paterson Barracks for that entire time.
The unit hosted the artillery range at Stony Head, Tasmania.
16 Troop, along with 48 Troop (based in Adelaide), together constitute the 6th/13th Light Battery, which is now a subunit of the 9th Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery as of 2018; the soldiers continue to wear the RAA hat badge and white lanyard. Like fellow Tasmanian unit 12/40th Battalion Royal Tasmania Regiment (12/40 RTR) it is part of the Adelaide-based 9 Brigade.
Like the rest of 9 Brigade, the unit's force generation cycle is now aligned with that of the Australian Regular Army's 1st Brigade (based in Darwin).
In 2010, the then 16 Field Battery converted from the 105mm M2A2 to F2 81mm Mortars, and this weapon system was inherited by 6/13 Light Battery, which it employs to provide offensive support to 9 Brigade, and in support of 1 Brigade.
# 1866 in Denmark

Events from the year 1866 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Christian IX
* Prime minister – C. E. Frijs

## Events

* 22 August – SS Ottawa departs from Copenhagen as the first emigration ship between Copenhagen and New York City.
* 7 September – The engagement of Princess Dagmar and Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich is celebrated at the royal court at Christiansborg Palace.
* 22 September – Princess Dagmar leaves Copenhagen on board the steam ship Slesvig.
* 20 October – Københavns Roklub is founded.

## Births
### January–March

* 1 January – Peter Elfelt, photographer (died 1931)
* 19 January – Carl Theodor Zahle, politician (died 1946)
* 16 February – Charles Brun, politician (died 1919)
* 25 February – Hans Peter Prior, industrialist (died 1936)

### April–June

* 5 May – Thomas B. Thrige, industrialist (died 1938)
* 19 June – Sabine Helms, botanist (died 1929)

### July–September

* 3 July – Albert Gottschalk, painter (died 1906)
* 15 July – Adolph Jensen, economist and statistician (died 1948)
* 31 August – Georg Jensen, goldsmith, designer (died 1935)

### October–December

* 6 October – Nina Bang, politician (died 1928)
* 19 November – Georg Carl Amdrup, admiral, polar explorer (died 1947)
* 7 December – Magnus Bech-Olsen, wrestler and circus manager (died 1932)
* 18 December – Holger Nielsenm, fencer (died 1955)

## Deaths

* 6 November – Christian Albrecht Bluhme, politician, prime minister of Denmark (born 1794)
# Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation

The Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation is a SEC Registered Investment Adviser that manages private equity real estate investments and provides real estate services for domestic and international clients. Established in Boston, Massachusetts in 1959 as a construction firm by Petros A. Palandjian, an Armenian immigrant from Iran, the corporation has acquired, developed, managed, and owned over US$10 billion of real estate assets of all real property types.
Petros Palandjian died in 1996 of gastric cancer. His son, Peter Palandjian, is the CEO of Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation.
Today, Intercontinental manages a portfolio of over $4 billion for its clients. The Intercontinental portfolio is diversified both by robust property mix and by geography. Fund strategies actively seek opportunities to invest in both Core and Core-Plus properties, as well as in Value-Add operating properties and development projects.
In December 2019, Intercontinental Real Estate Corporation bought its first commercial office asset at the Roosevelt Commons, Seattle for $157m, on behalf of one of its controlled funds.
# William Mullen (journalist)

William Mullen (born October 9, 1944) is an American journalist, who was a reporter and correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, which he joined in 1967 and retired from in 2012. In 1972, he worked undercover in the Chicago Board of Election Commissioners, uncovering massive evidence of voting irregularities that resulted in 82 election officials being indicted by the federal government. The exposé was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for general local reporting in 1973. In 1975, Mullen and Chicago Tribune photographer Ovie Carter were awarded the Pulitzer for International Reporting for a six-part series on world hunger and famine.

## Early life and education

William Mullen was the fourth of six children born Melvin and Margaret Mullen. His parents were both of Norwegian descent, his father a telephone company technician, his mother a homemaker. Mullen attended public schools in La Crosse and was a graduate of La Crosse Central High School. He attended the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse from 1962 to 1965, then transferred to the University of Wisconsin in Madison, where he received a degree in Journalism in 1967. While in college, he worked as an intern at the La Crosse Tribune and as a weekend reporter at the Wisconsin State Journal in Madison.

## Career

Mullen joined the Chicago Tribune after graduating in 1967. His early years were largely spent as a nightside police reporter and as a rewriteman. When the Tribune had the opportunity to place a reporter undercover in the Board of Election Commissioners, Mullen was selected because his face was not a familiar one in Chicago City Hall.
During the summer and fall of 1974, Mullen and Ovie Carter were travelled across Africa and India. Their journey resulted in the series of illustrated articles "The Faces of Hunger", which brought Mullen a second Pulitzer Prize in 1975. Over the years, the journalist was awarded the Jacob Scher Award for Investigative Reporting; a three-time Edward Scott Beck Award winner; School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Wisconsin Award.
From 1978 to 1981, Mullen served as the chief correspondent of the Chicago Tribune London Bureau, traveling extensively in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. In 1987 and 1988, Mullen compiled an award-winning series on refugees after spending a year traveling to refugee camps in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Central America as a staff writer for the Chicago Tribune's Sunday Magazine. In the 1990s, he turned to writing on and reporting on cultural affairs and the natural sciences, an assignment that twice took him to Antarctica and the South Pole and on extended trips to the Peruvian Amazon to save a pristine forest from oil drilling.

## Personal life

Mullen and his wife, Sylvia, have a son, Eric, and his wife's son from a previous marriage, Theodore Esser IV.