OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1685 in music

The year 1685 in music involved some significant events.

## Events

* The father of Georg Philipp Telemann dies, leaving his widow to bring up the children.
* Antonio Stradivari makes the ex Arma Senkrah violin.
* John Blow is recorded among the private musicians of King James II of England.
* The 17-year-old François Couperin becomes organist at St Gervais in Paris.
* Giovanni Legrenzi becomes maestro di cappella at St Mark's Cathedral, Venice.

## Classical music

* Giovanni Bononcini – 12 Sinfonie, Op. 3
* Cristofaro Caresana – Dixit Dominus
* Arcangelo Corelli – Op. 2, 12 trio sonatas
* Le Sieur de Machy – Pieces de Violle
* Nicolas Gigault – Livre de musique pour l'orgue
* Nicolas Lebègue – Livre d'orgue No.3
* Jean-Baptiste Lully
** Idylle sur la Paix, LWV 68
** Ballet du temple de la paix, LWV 69
* Johann Christoph Pezel – Fünfstimmige blasende Music
* Henry Purcell – My heart is inditing (anthem), first performed at the coronation of King James II
* Alessandro Scarlatti – Il martirio di S. Teodosia

## Opera

* John Blow – Venus and Adonis
* Marc-Antoine Charpentier
** La Couronne de fleurs
** Les arts florissants
* Giuseppe Fabrini – La Genefieva
* Jean-Baptiste Lully – Roland

## Births

* March 5 (N.S.) – George Frideric Handel, composer (died 1759)
* March 31 (NS) – Johann Sebastian Bach, composer (died 1750)
* June 23 (NS?) – Antonio Maria Bernacchi, castrato singer (died 1756)
* June 30 – John Gay, poet, author of The Beggar's Opera (died 1732)
* September 20 – Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, composer and violinist (died 1751)
* October 26 – Domenico Scarlatti, composer (died 1757)
* December 12 – Lodovico Giustini, early composer for piano (died 1743)

## Deaths

* March 31 – Juan Hidalgo de Polanco, harpist and composer (born 1614)
* July 4 or (5) – George Jeffreys, composer (born c.1610)
* September 22 – Ignazio Albertini, Italian musician and composer (born 1644)
* date unknown
** Jean-Baptiste Boësset, French composer (born 1614)
** Yatsuhashi Kengyo, Japanese musician and composer (born 1614)
# 1686 in China

Events from the year 1686 in China.

## Incumbents

* Kangxi Emperor (25th year)

## Events

* Sino-Russian border conflicts
** Russian settlers and troops had returned to Albazin in September 1686, rebuilt the walls (this time with earth), harvested crops, and killed Qing troops

## Births

* Wang Shishen (1686–1759) was a Chinese painter and calligrapher during the Qing Dynasty. A native of Xiuning, Anhui . one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou and considered of the greatest Chinese painters of plum blossoms
* Yue Zhongqi (岳鍾琪, 1686 – 1754) was a Chinese military commander of the Qing dynasty. He was a descendant of Yue Fei, and served as Ministry of War and Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor.
* Yinxiang, Prince Yi (16 November 1686 – 18 June 1730), was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. The thirteenth son of the Kangxi Emperor, he was made a qinwang (first-grade prince) during Yongzheng's reign and became one of his closest advisors. He died eight years into the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor and was memorialized with top honours, granted "iron-cap" status and became perpetually inheritable, one of the only twelve such princes in Qing dynasty history.

## Deaths

* Wei Yijie (Chinese: 魏裔介; August 19, 1616 – April 27, 1686) was a prominent Han Chinese scholar and official serving in the early Qing Dynasty, during the rules of the Shunzhi Emperor, Oboi, and the Kangxi Emperor and was known for his focus and advocacy of the reformation the Examination system.
* Cai Han (Chinese: 蔡含; 1647–1686), was a Chinese landscape painter. She was the concubine of the painter Mao Xiang and, with his other concubine Jin Yue, she was commissioned by him with the task of producing paintings as gifts to his guests; they became known as "The Two Painters of the Mao Family"
# Vincenzo Cabianca

Vincenzo Cabianca (June 21, 1827, Verona – March 21, 1902, Rome) was an Italian painter of the Macchiaioli group.

## Biography

He was born in Verona in modest circumstances. He began his artistic training at the Verona Academy under Giovanni Caliari, and then studied at the Venice Academy from 1845 to 1847. An admirer of Giuseppe Mazzini, he became associated with the Young Italy movement and was taken prisoner while participating in the defense of Bologna in 1848. After his release he lived in Venice from 1849 until 1853.
During the 1850s Cabianca became acquainted with the artists, including Adriano Cecioni, Cristiano Banti, and Telemaco Signorini, who frequented the Caffè Michelangiolo in Florence, who would be known as the Macchiaioli. He became a friend of Signorini, and travelled with Signorini and Banti to Paris. His friend's influence led Cabianca to turn away from genre paintings towards a bolder realism, beginning in 1858. Like the other Macchiaioli, he painted landscapes en plein air, but he was more reluctant than his friends were to abandon historical and literary subjects.
Cabianca emphasized powerful value contrasts in his paintings. Cecioni described him as "the most declared, violent and uninhibited macchiaiolo." Angelo de Gubernatis, who termed the Macchiaioli "enemies of all conventionalism and accurate researchers of effects", described Cabianca as principally interested in the effects of sunlight. Gottardo Garollo in his Dizionario Biografico describes Cabianca as a painter of the "effects of the Sun".
Many of his paintings depict nuns; a well-known example is Le monachine (The nuns; 1861–62, Turin exhibition). Other works of the 1860s include La Mandriana and il Porcile al sole (1860). Returning from travels to Tuscany and Paris in 1864, he domiciled in Parma from 1864 to 1868, then moved to Rome.
Among his other works are Il bagno fra gli scogli; Sant'Angelo all' Isola di Giudecca; Reminiscenze del mare; Gondola bruna; La neve in Ciociaria; Le mura del convento; and Sotto il portico dei barattieri a Venice. At Naples in 1877, he exhibited Piccola via presso Perugia; La neve; Una casa ad Anacapri; and Reminiscenze d'Amalfi. At Rome in 1883 he displayed Rocca di Papa; Il caligo a Venice; Sul far del giorno; La pace del Chiostro; and Una sera sulla laguna. He also painted in watercolors, including La neve a Venice, Il fait sa cour, and Sulla marina di Viareggio.
The works of Cabianca's later years show the influence of the Symbolists and the Pre-Raphaelites. He died in Rome on March 21, 1902.
Collections holding works by Vincenzo Cabianca include the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome, and the Brooklyn Museum.

## Selected paintings

* The Nuns (1861)
* Seafront (1860)
* Church of St. Peter in Porto Venere (1860)
* Sunlight (1870)
* Morning (1901)
# 169th Battalion (109th Regiment), CEF

The 169th Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Toronto, Ontario, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 5th Reserve Battalion on January 24, 1917.
The 169th Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. J. C. Wright.
# 16 Horsepower (EP)

16 Horsepower is the first EP by the band of the same name. It was released on November 7, 1995. It is often referred to simply as the Haw EP amongst fans, noting to the title of the first track. It is the group's second release, following the "Shametown" 7" vinyl record of 1994, the A-side of which was re-recorded here.
# 16 Lacertae

16 Lacertae is a triple star system in the northern constellation of Lacerta, located about 1,580 light years from the Sun. It has the variable star designation EN Lacertae; 16 Lacertae is the Flamsteed designation. This system is visible to the naked eye as a faint blue-white hued star with a maximum apparent visual magnitude of +5.587. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of –12 km/s.
The binary nature of the brighter component was discovered in 1910 by astronomer Oliver J. Lee at Yerkes Observatory. The first orbital elements were published by Otto Struve and Nicholay T. Bobrovnikov in 1925. This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of 12.1 days and a small eccentricity of 0.05. It forms an eclipsing binary variable, although only the eclipse of the primary component has been detected. This component is a Beta Cephei variable star with three dominant pulsation modes having frequencies of around six per day. It has a stellar classification of B2 IV, matching a B-type subgiant star with 9.5 times the mass of the Sun and 5.6 times the Sun's radius.
The unseen secondary is an F-type star of class F6–7. The tertiary component is a magnitude 11.4 star with a class of F0. As of 2008, it was located at an angular separation of 27.6″ from the primary.
# 1724 in art

Events from the year 1724 in art.

## Events

* Swiss artist Johann Caspar Füssli goes to Vienna to study painting.
* Charles-Antoine Coypel publishes his illustrations for Don Quixote in a deluxe folio in Paris.

## Paintings

* Canaletto
** Grand Canal, Looking East from the Campo San Vio (Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid)
** Grand Canal, Looking Northeast from Palazo Balbi toward the Rialto Bridge
** Piazza San Marco
** Rio dei Mendicanti
* Jan van Huysum – Bouquet of Flowers in an Urn (see image)
* Charles Jervas – Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk
* Sebastiano Ricci
** Bathsheba in her Bath
** Repudiation of Agar
** Solomon adores the idols

## Births

* January 16 – Per Krafft the Elder, Swedish portrait painter (died 1793)
* April 14 – Gabriel de Saint-Aubin, French draftsman, printmaker, etcher and painter (died 1780)
* June 7 – Franz Anton Maulbertsch, Austrian painter (died 1796)
* August 25 – George Stubbs, British painter, best known for his paintings of horses (died 1806)
* November 19 – Jacobus Buys, Dutch painter and engraver (died 1801)
* December 30 – Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, French painter (died 1805)
* date unknown
** Antonio Baratti, Italian engraver (died 1787)
** Antonio Beltrami, Italian painter active in the late-Baroque and Neoclassic periods (died 1784)
** Jonas Bergman, Finnish painter (died 1810)
** Henry Blundell, art collector (died 1810)
** Benjamin Calau, German portrait painter who used an encaustic technique (died 1783)
** Ignazio Collino, Italian sculptor (died 1793)
** Suzuki Harunobu, Japanese woodblock print artist, one of the most famous in the Ukiyo-e style (died 1770)
** Gustaf Lucander, Finnish painter (died 1805)

## Deaths

* January 12 – Felice Cignani, Italian painter from Bologna (born 1660), son of Carlo Cignani
* February 7 – Hanabusa Itchō, Japanese painter, calligrapher, and haiku poet (born 1652)
* February 23 – Lucas de Valdés, Spanish painter and engraver (born 1661)
* June 17 – Benedetto Luti, Italian painter of pastel portraits (born 1666)
* September 20 – David von Krafft, German-Swedish painter, nephew of David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl and his successor at the Swedish Royal Court (born 1655)
* October 25 - José de Mora, Spanish sculptor (born 1642)
* November 11 – Jakob Bogdani, Slovak still-life painter (born 1660)
* date unknown
** Ferrante Amendola, Italian historical painter (born 1664)
** Philippe Bertrand, French sculptor (born 1663)
** Serafino Brizzi, Italian engraver of the Baroque period (born 1684)
** Sigismondo Caula, Italian painter (born 1637)
** Benoît Farjat, French engraver (born 1646)
** Pietro Paolo Raggi, Italian Caravaggisti painter of Bacchanal and landscape subjects (born 1646)
** Ezaias Terwesten, Dutch painter (born 1661)
** Franz Werner von Tamm, German-born, Italian painter (born 1658)
** Jan Pietersz Zomer, Dutch engraver, copyist, and art collector (born 1641)
# 1791 in architecture

The year 1791 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

## Events

* The elevations of Charlotte Square in Edinburgh, Scotland, are designed by Robert Adam.
* Polish architect Jakub Kubicki is ennobled.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings opened

* January 6 – Théâtre Feydeau, Paris, designed by Jacques Legrand and Jacques Molinos.
* November 7 – The Custom House, Dublin, Ireland, designed by James Gandon.

### Buildings completed

* Bara Imambara, Lucknow, India
* Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany
* Clyne Castle, Swansea, Wales, built by Richard Phillips
* Gammel Køgegård, Køge, Denmark (main house)
* Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, Argentina (rebuilt)
* Plaza Mayor, Madrid, remodelling by Juan de Villanueva
* Rock Castle (Hendersonville, Tennessee), United States, home of Daniel Smith.
* Tower of Hercules (lighthouse) in Spain (remodelling)
* Dar Hassan Pacha (palace) in the Casbah of Algiers.

## Births

* January 14 – Thomas Oliver, English neoclassical architect (died 1857)
* March 15 – Lewis Vulliamy, English architect (died 1871)
* April 17 (bapt.) – William Cubitt, English building and civil engineering contractor and politician (died 1863)
* June 7 – Giacomo Moraglia, Milanese neoclassical architect (died 1860)

## Deaths

* December 19 – Jean-François de Neufforge, Flemish architect and engraver (born 1714)
# Viktor Schmieden

Viktor Schmieden (19 January 1874 – 11 October 1945) was a German surgeon born in Berlin.
In 1897 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Bonn, and subsequently worked in hospitals in Göttingen, Berlin and Bonn. Later he was a professor at the Universities of Halle (from 1913) and Frankfurt (from 1919).
Schmieden is remembered for his work with Franz Volhard (1872-1950) in the establishment of pericardectomy for the treatment of constrictive pericarditis. Historically this procedure was referred to as "Schmieden's operation". He also made important contributions towards the treatment of hydrocephalus, and in 1926 identified that polyps of the colon were a precursor of colorectal cancer. He was a Generalarzt in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

## Written works

Schmieden was the author of numerous works. With August Borchard (1864-1940), he was co-author of two books on war-related surgery; Lehrbuch der Kriegschirurgie and Die deutsche Chirurgie im Weltkriege 1914-1918), and with Ernst Ferdinand Sauerbruch (1875-1951), he published the sixth edition of Chirurgische Operationslehre (Surgical Operation Teachings) by August Karl Gustav Bier, Heinrich Braun and Hermann Kümmell. Other noted worked by Schmieden include:
* Der chirurgische Operationskursus, (1910); 12th edition with A. W. Fischer in 1930; translated into English.
* Ueber Erkennung und Behandlung der Umklammerung des Herzens durch schwielige Parikarditis, with Franz Volhard (1872-1950). Klinische Wochenschrift, Berlin, 1923, 2: 5–9. First complete pericardectomy for constrictive pericarditis.
* Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Hyperaemiebehandlung; In: Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, volume 7, 2; Berlin, (1927)
* Die Geschichte der Laparotomie; Berlin, (1936)
# GameTable Online

GameTable Online (abbreviated as GTO) was a popular web game portal that specialized in online adaptations of board, card, and dice games. Their game platform offered both head-to-head play against other players or computer opponents for single player mode, including such games are checkers, chess, hearts (game), and Axis & Allies. There was a mix of free and "Premium" games. The "Premium" games were the most popular, and to play those against other humans required an activation fee per game title.
GameTable Online used Java to launch and play their games. They could be played on Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX computers and required a web browser and the common Java download. The GameTable Online user base was predominantly English speaking and the website supported no other languages.

## History

GameTable Online was founded in 2001 by Joe Minton. As the President of Cyberlore Studios, Minton sought to build a website that focused on tabletop games rather than typical computer games.
In 2003, GameTable Online went public with their first set of 5 games. Since 2003, games have been added gradually. Traffic jumped up significantly when they began hosting a number of games by Wizards of the Coast. These games were developed by GameTable Online for Wizards of the Coast's Gleemax game site in 2007-2008 but by September 2008, Wizards of the Coast abandoned the Gleemax game portal. In the aftermath, GameTable Online adopted the games at their website. The games from this arrangement were Acquire, Axis & Allies, Battle Cry, Guillotine, and Vegas Showdown. In September 2012, GameTable Online opened a second website,rpgtableonline.com. RPG Table Online uses GTO's game technology to host role-playing games via the Internet.
GameTable shut down at the start of New Year's Day 2015.
Both domains (gametableonline.com and rpgtableonline.com) were afterwards bought by (sex) advertising companies - warning for those who'd like to try them.

## Games

The games at GameTable Online spanned the range from public domain classic, "beer-and-pretzel" light games, German-style board games to American strategy games. Games that were based on licensed game properties were built with the permission of game publishers and/or designers and were modeled to look their real world counterparts. Despite the strong presence of Wizards of the Coast games, GameTable Online featured games from a variety of publishers.
GameTable Online's game list (at its peak, circa September 24, 2010):
* 10 Days in Africa
* 1960: The Making of the President
* Acquire
* Axis & Allies (Revised and 1942 editions)
* Backgammon
* Battle Cry
* Battle of the Bands (card game)
* Battle for Olympus (game)
* Bosworth
* Checkers
* Chess
* Condottiere
* Cosmic Wimpout
* Creepy Freaks
* Dogfight
* Euphrat & Tigris (also known as Tigris & Euphrates)
* Guillotine
* Hearts (with a "Turbo" version that includes special rules)
* Igel Ärgern
* Kill Dr. Lucky
* Lord of the Fries
* Lost Souls
* New England
* Nuclear War (card game)
* RoboRally
* Tsuro
* Tsuro of the Seas
* Vampire
* Vegas Showdown
# Virgilio Monti

Virgilio Monti (1852–1942) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Rome, painting sacred subjects.

## Biography

Among his works are:
* Madonna and Child first chapel on right, Santa Brigida, Rome
* Holy Family, main altarpiece, Santa Chiara, Rome
* Archangel Gabriel (1875) first chapel on right, Santa Maria dell'Orto, Rome
* San Giuseppe (1878) first chapel on right, Santa Maria dell'Orto, Rome
* San Gioacchino ai Prati di Castello (1892), collaboration with Eugenio Cisterna
* Sant'Antonio M Zacaria (1900), San Carlo ai Catinari, Rome
* Sacred Heart of Jesus, Chapel of the Sacred Heart, Basilica di San Nicola da Tolentino, Tolentino
# Villa Dolores Airport

Villa Dolores Airport (IATA: VDR, ICAO: SAOD) is an airport serving Villa Dolores, a city in the Córdoba Province of Argentina. The airport is on the eastern end of the city.
There is distant rising terrain to the east. Runway 35 length includes a 150 metres (490 ft) displaced threshold. The Villa Dolores non-directional beacon (Ident: LDR) is located on the field.
# 1882–83 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season

Season 1882–83 was the eighth season in which Heart of Midlothian competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Cup for the eighth time.

## Overview

Hearts reached the third round of the Scottish Cup and were knocked out by Vale of Leven. They also reached the semi-final of the Edinburgh Fa Cup.
# James MacLellan Brown

James MacLellan Brown (21 September 1886 – 25 December 1967) was a Scottish architect who was the city planner of Dundee, Scotland, known for remodelling of Sir John James Burnet's designs (1931) and designing the Mills Observatory (1935).
Brown was born in 1886, the son of David Brown, a weaver, and Janet MacLellan Brown.
Brown was the assistant to the City Architect, James Thomson, who had originally planned an immense Beaux-Arts style Civic Centre covering the centre of Dundee. When the First World War intervened, his plans were scaled down and he retired in 1924. Thomson's ideas for extending City Square were developed again in 1924, when the École des Beaux-Arts-trained Burnet was commissioned to produce designs for the east and west wings to City Square. Thomson died in 1927, and James MacLellan Brown, as Depute City Architect, remodelled Burnet's designs in 1931 and produced the scheme that was built. Later Brown collaborated with Professor Ralph Allen Sampson, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, in designing Mills Observatory, a much more modern building than the one originally planned before the war.
Brown died of a pulmonary embolism at Maryfield Hospital in Dundee on Christmas Day 1967, two weeks after suffering a heart attack.
# Gladstone, Vale of Glamorgan

51°24′22″N 3°16′01″W﻿ / ﻿51.406°N 3.267°W﻿ / 51.406; -3.267
Gladstone is a central district of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan outside Cardiff in south Wales. It has a number of botanical gardens and is home to the Barry Memorial Hall, a school and has a bowling club and tennis courts.
# West Potomac Rugby Football Club

West Potomac RFC is the second oldest active men's rugby union team in Washington, D.C., and the 2007 Potomac Rugby Union (PRU) Division III Men's Champion.

## History
### Formation/SAIS RFC

West Potomac was founded in 1963 by a group of British Naval Officers enrolled in a year-long course in international diplomacy at the Johns Hopkins University School of International Studies (SAIS) and was originally called the SAIS RFC. During the first years, the original group of players recruited some USMC officers also taking courses in International Diplomacy and various SAIS students to the team. By 1973 many of the founding members had graduated and left the city, so the club changed its name to West Potomac Rugby Football Club after its practice and match pitch at West Potomac Park.

### 1974-1999

During this time, West Potomac continued to compete in the Mid-Atlantic region as well as participating in international rugby tours to Barbados, South Africa, Ireland, France, and the Bahamas.

### Recent History

In 2000, West Potomac won the PRU Men's DIII Championship and the club was profiled in a Rugby Magazine article that discussed the club's history and its strong ties to the armed forces. The club was featured in Rugby Magazine the following year as well, this time as the "Tullamore Dew Team of the Month" for May 2002. Since then, the club has been featured in articles appearing in The Washington Post and Voice of the Hill, as well as additional Rugby Magazine stories.
West Potomac RFC became a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 2002 and incorporated under the name DC Rugby, Inc. In addition to overseeing the activities of West Potomac RFC, DC Rugby works with organizations in and around the D.C.-Metro area to promote the sport of rugby.
After losing only one match during 2006 PRU regular season competition, West Potomac went undefeated in Fall 2007 to once again win the DIII men's championship and secure a berth in the Mid-Atlantic Rugby Football Union playoffs for the third time in the past four years. During the 2007 season, the club finished 9-0 and outscored opponents 231 to 17.

## Sponsorship

Pabst Blue Ribbon has been West Potomac's primary sponsor since 2006. In addition to this primary sponsorship, West Potomac has individual sponsorships consisting of several secondary sponsorships from local and regional businesses.