OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Generalist channel

A generalist channel is a television or radio channel whose target audience is not confined to a particular set of people, but instead aims to offer a wide range of programs and program genres to a diverse general public. The term is mainly used in European countries; in other countries, similar terms such as "general entertainment" is used instead. In radio, this is sometimes referred to as "full-format programming" or full-service radio.

## Program content

Generalist TV channels focus on general entertainment. They also tend to put an extra emphasis on news programming, regarding the provision of news and information as part of their duty.

## Popularity

Generalist channels as a whole are the most watched of all television channels.
As of 2008, generalist channels were the most numerous among channel genres in Europe. There were 376 of them, followed by 324 sports channels, 269 entertainment channels and 238 music channels.
Among HD television channels in Europe, as of 2011 and 2012, generalist channels were third most numerous, with the ones specializing in sport and movies coming out 1st and 2nd respectively.
A book published in 2010 cited a study saying that generalist television channels comprised 41 percent of global television market value and accounted for 70 percent of global television market volume.
With the growth in popularity of television, generalist channels such as full service radio greatly declined in radio, and are now mostly limited to public broadcasting stations. Generalist and full-service multichannel television channels have been the most heavily damaged by the shift to streaming television; in the United States, generalist channels such as TNT, TBS and USA have seen their viewership decline far more rapidly than the industry average, which itself has seen a sharp decline in viewership.
# Generality (psychology)

In behavioral psychology, the assumption of generality is the assumption that the results of experiments involving schedules of reinforcement, conducted on non-human subjects (often pigeons), can be generalized to apply to humans. If the assumption holds, many aspects of daily human life can be understood in terms of these results. The naturalization of sunlight helps our bodies to stay awake and keep motivated. The darkness that comes with night tells our body to slow down for the day and get some rest. The ability to survive comes with generality. Experiments have been done to test inescapability and insolubility.
Fergus Lowe has questioned the generality of schedule effects in cases of fixed-interval performance among humans and non-humans.
The ability to generalize information from one situation to another is a function of several factors: the reliability of the original information; the paradigm's validity; one's understanding of the paradigm, the true determinants of the behavior, and the relevant details of the situations in question; and the similarity between the original source of the data and the situation to which it is to be applied.
There are both similarities and differences between the terms "stimulus generalization" and "generality of a functional relationship." Stimulus generalization is the description of the fact that an organism behaves in a similar way to similar stimuli, and that the more different the stimuli, the more different the behavior. The generality of a finding refers to the degree to which a functional relationship obtained in one situation is able to predict the obtained relationship in a new situation.
"Generality" refers more to functional relationships than individual events. That responses occur to X about the same as to Z is irrelevant; rather, that distributed practice helps in learning nonsense syllables and in learning other tasks.
# George Beatty (rugby union)

George Edward Beatty (29 March 1925 — 25 July 2004) was a New Zealand rugby union international.
Beatty attended New Plymouth Boys' High School and played his club rugby for New Plymouth HSOB.
A fly-half, Beatty played provincial rugby for Taranaki and was a North Island representative in 1949. He was capped once for the All Blacks, in the 1st Test against the touring 1950 British Lions at Carisbrook. The match finished in a draw and Beatty was replaced by Laurie Haig for the remaining Tests.
Beatty represented Taranaki in the Hawke Cup cricket competition.
In the early 1950s, Beatty played rugby league in England, with Leigh and Belle Vue Rangers.
# 1940 NCAA gymnastics championships

The 1940 NCAA gymnastics championships were contested at the third annual National Collegiate Athletic Association-sanctioned men's gymnastics championships to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate gymnastics among its member programs in the United States.
For the third year, the championships were hosted by the University of Chicago at Bartlett Gymnasium in Chicago, Illinois.
Defending champions Illinois, led by coach Hartley Price, successfully defended their title and won the program's 2nd overall team championship.
For the third consecutive year, a share of the individual all-around championship went to Joe Giallombardo from Illinois who was tied with teammate Paul Fina who won his first all-around championship.

## Team results

The table below reflects the official NCAA record books. However, an Associated Press recap of the event reported Temple finished in 4th place with 16 points. As such, third place was reportedly awarded to Minnesota. Additionally, while not reflected below, the recap reported participation by Denison University who scored 0 points.
| Rank | Team | Points |
| | Illinois | 20 |
| | Navy | 17 |
| | Temple | 17 |
| 4 | Minnesota | 16.5 |
| 5 | Chicago | 7.5 |

## Individual event finals
### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Individual All-Around | Joe Giallombardo, Illinois Paul Fina, Illinois (2331) | — | Louis Fina, Illinois (2329) |
| Side Horse | Harry Koehnemann, Illinois (535) | Ed Danser, Temple (518) | James Ronning, Minnesota (513) |
| Long Horse | Earl Shanken, Chicago (82.44) | Louis Fina, Illinois (75.60) | Charles Houston, Temple (74.31) |
| Parallel Bars | Bob Hanning, Minnesota (539) | Joe Giallombardo, Illinois (510) | Ed Danser, Temple (505) |
| Horizontal Bar | Norm Boardman, Temple (550) | Newt Loken, Minnesota (532) | James Ronning, Minnesota (520) |
| Tumbling | Joe Giallombardo, Illinois (545) | Newt Loken, Minnesota Alan Robertson, Chicago (544) | — |
| Rope Climb | Stan Ellison, Navy (4.5 sec.) | Louis Davis, Navy (4.7 sec.) | Karl Stefan, Navy (5.4 sec.) |
| Flying Rings | Bill Butler, Navy (566) | Samuel Fogel, Temple (507) | Newt Loken, Minnesota (503) |
# 1788 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1788 in Scotland.

## Incumbents
### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Ilay Campbell
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Robert Dundas of Arniston

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord Glenlee
* Lord Justice General – The Viscount Stormont
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Braxfield

## Events

* 31 January – Henry Benedict Stuart becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain as King Henry IX and the figurehead of Jacobitism.
* 14 March – the Edinburgh Evening Courant carries a notice of £200 reward for capture of William Brodie, town councillor doubling as a burglar.
* 27 August – trial of William Brodie begins in Edinburgh. He is sentenced to death by hanging.
* 1 October – William Brodie hanged at the Tolbooth in Edinburgh.
* 14 October – William Symington demonstrates a paddle steamer on Dalswinton Loch near Dumfries.
* Tobermory, Mull, and Ullapool are founded as herring ports by the British Fisheries Society to the designs of Thomas Telford.
* Flax mills established at Brigton in Angus and Inverbervie in Kincardineshire.
* Lowland Licence Act restricts exports of Scottish gin to England, effectively requiring a one-year pause in the trade.
* St Gregory's Church, Preshome, designed by Father John Reid, is built.
* Ring of bells cast for the new steeple of St Andrew's Church in New Town, Edinburgh, the oldest complete ring in Scotland.
* General Register House in Edinburgh, designed by Robert Adam and begun in 1774, is opened to the public.
* The estate house at Yair is built.
* Encyclopædia Britannica Third Edition begins publication in Edinburgh.

## Births

* 31 January – John Ewart, architect and businessman in North America (died 1856 in Canada)
* April – George Ferguson, naval officer (died 1867 in London)
* 15 May – Neil Arnott, physician (died 1874 in London)
* 29 August – Ranald George Macdonald, clan chief and politician (died 1873 in London)
* 2 September – John Strange, merchant and politician in Canada (died 1840 in Canada)
* 13 October – Thomas Erskine, lawyer and revisionary Calvinist theologian (died 1870)
* 11 November – Thomas Francis Kennedy, lawyer and politician (died 1879)
* 31 December – Basil Hall, naval officer and explorer (died 1844 in Portsmouth)
* David Lennox, builder of stone bridges in Australia (died 1873 in Australia)
* Charles Mackenzie, diplomat and journalist (died 1862 in the United States)
* George Mudie, social reformer
* James Thompson, Baptist pastor and educator in South America (died 1854 in London)

## Deaths

* 31 January – Charles Edward Stuart, claimant to the British throne (born 1720, and died, in Italy)
* 14 June – Adam Gib, Secession Church leader (born 1714)
* 15 October – Samuel Greig, admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy (born 1736; died in Tallinn)

## The arts

* December – Robert Burns writes his version of the Scots poem Auld Lang Syne. From Whitsun he has been tenant of Ellisland Farm.
* William Collins publishes Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland.
# 1826 in Chile

The following lists events that happened during 1826 in Chile.

## Incumbents

Supreme Director of Chile: Ramón Freire (-9 July)
President of Chile: Manuel Blanco Encalada (9 July-9 September), Agustín Eyzaguirre (9 September-)

## Events
### July

* 8 July - Chilean presidential election, 1826
* 9 July - Ramon Freire resigns, handing over power to Manuel Blanco Encalada.

### September

* 9 September - Manuel Blanco Encalada resigns, handing over power to Agustín Eyzaguirre.

## Births

* 2 June - Erasmo Escala (d. 1884)

## Deaths

* March - José Cortés de Madariaga (b. 1766)
# Volker Press

Volker Press (1939 – 1993) was a German historian.

## Life and career

Volker Press studied history and English from 1957 to 1965 at the University of Munich. He completed his doctorate in 1966 with Friedrich Hermann Schubert with a dissertation on the Electorate of the Palatinate in the confessional age. After serving as an assistant at the University of Kiel and the University of Frankfurt, he took a post as a full professor (Professor ordinarius) of modern history at the University of Giessen. In 1980 he moved to a post at the University of Tübingen where he taught medieval and modern history until his sudden death in 1993.
The focal points of Press's research included the imperial knights, the ecclesiastical territories seized by the imperial nobles, and the position of the Habsburg emperors in the Holy Roman Empire and in their home territories. His papers are in the possession of the archive of the University of Tübingen. His voluminous library was acquired by the Charles University in Prague. Press had been a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences since 1991.

## Works
### Monographs

* Calvinismus und Territorialstaat: Regierung und Zentralbehörden der Kurpfalz 1559–1619. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1970.
* Das alte Reich: Ausgewählte Aufsätze. Stephanie Blankenhorn and Johannes Kunisc, eds. 2nd. edition, Berlin: 2000, ISBN 3-428-09138-8.
* Kaiser Karl V., König Ferdinand und die Entstehung der Reichsritterschaft. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1976.
* Kriege und Krisen: Deutschland 1600–1715. Neue Deutsche Geschichte. Munich: C.H. Beck, 1991., ISBN 3-406-30817-1.
* Südwestdeutsche Bischofsresidenzen ausserhalb der Kathedralstädte. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1992.

### Edited volumes

* Moraw, Peter and Volker Press, ed. Academia Gissensis: Beiträge zur älteren Giessener Universitätsgeschichte. Marburg, 1982, ISBN 3-7708-0734-0.
* Press, Volker, and Dieter Stievermann, ed. Altes Reich und Deutscher Bund: Kontinuität in der Diskontinuität. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1995.
* Press, Volker, and Dieter Stievermann, ed. Martin Luther: Probleme seiner Zeit. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1986. ISBN 3-608-91431-5.
* Press, Volker, ed. Alternativen zur Reichsverfassung in der frühen Neuzeit? Munich: Oldenbourg, 1995. ISBN 3-486-56035-2.
# Vyrus

Vyrus is a small, exclusivist Italian motorcycle manufacturer based in Coriano, Italy.
Vyrus initially worked alongside Bimota on the evolutionary development of Bimota's "Tesi" motorcycle. The "Tesi", meaning Thesis in Italian, had its origins as a university engineering project linked to Massimo Tamburini. The Tesi design was easily distinguished by the use of its hub-center steering front suspension arrangement. Vyrus split from the Bimota and completed the first evolution of the Tesi's development, marketing the bike under their own name.
Currently Vyrus has four models: 984 C3 2V (Ducati-sourced 2-valve 1000 cm$^3$ air-cooled engine developing 100bhp), 985 C3 4V (Ducati-sourced 4-valve 1000 cm$^3$ water-cooled engine developing 155bhp), 987 C3 4V (Ducati-sourced 4-valve 1200 cm$^3$ water cooled engine developing 184bhp) and the 987 C3 4VV (Ducati-sourced 4-valve 1200 cm$^3$ supercharged water cooled engine developing 211bhp).
Vyrus is very much a "bespoke" manufacturer - individual bikes are built to order, with no two bikes being the same. Due to the limited production and use of high-quality parts, all Vyrus models are expensive, with the cheapest models starting from US$60,000.

## 2011 MotoGp prototype

In 2011 Vyrus showed interest in the new Moto2 category by designing a new bike around the series-spec Honda CBR600RR engine used in the class. The hub-centre front steering was used, with a new frame as well. Three versions were offered – a race-ready model with top spec components for a little under US$90,000, a street legal variant for around US$40,000 and a kit without engine around US$27,000. Unfortunately there were no takers for the venture and Vyrus sold off the prototypes in 2012.

## MiniVirus 07 EV

The MiniVirus was a pocketbike powered by a two-stroke 40cc engine and again using the hub-centre front steering system. Like the full-size bikes, the MiniVirus was expensive, costing over US$5,000. Few were made.
# 1937 Washburn Ichabods football team

The 1937 Washburn Ichabods football team represented Washburn University during the 1937 college football season. Washburn played their home games at the Moore Bowl in Topeka, Kansas. In their second year under head coach Elmer Holm, the Ichabods compiled a 0–10 record and were 0–3 in the Missouri Valley Conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| September 24 | Kansas State Teachers* | Moore BowlTopeka, KS (rivalry) | L 6–12 |
| October 1 | Kansas* | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 2–25 |
| October 9 | at Drake | Drake StadiumDes Moines, IA | L 0–25 |
| October 16 | Oklahoma A&M | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 3–25 |
| October 22 | Grinnell | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 0–13 |
| October 29 | Colorado College* | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 0–6 |
| November 6 | at Kansas State* | Memorial StadiumManhattan, KS | L 7–20 |
| November 14 | at St. Mary's (TX)* | San Antionio, TX | L 13–51 |
| November 20 | St. Benedict's* | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 0–13 |
| November 25 | at Wichita* | Moore BowlTopeka, KS | L 7–19 |
| *Non-conference game |||||
# 1937 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team

The 1937 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1937 college football season. In its first season under head coach Peahead Walker, the team compiled a 3–6 record and finished in 14th place in the Southern Conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 25 | at Tennessee* | Shields–Watkins FieldKnoxville, TN | L 0–32 | 7,500 |
| October 1 | at George Washington* | Griffith StadiumWashington DC | L 6–34 | 15,000 |
| October 8 | Erskine* | Gore FieldWake Forest, NC | W 19–0 | 4,000 |
| October 16 | North Carolina | Gore FieldWake Forest, NC (rivalry) | L 0–28 | 10,000 |
| October 23 | NC State | Gore FieldWake Forest, NC (rivalry) | L 0–20 | 6,000 |
| October 30 | at Clemson | Riggs FieldClemson, SC | L 0–32 | 4,000 |
| November 6 | at No. 11 Duke | Duke StadiumDurham, NC (rivalry) | L 0–67 | 6,000 |
| November 12 | at Wofford* | Snyder FieldSpartanburg, SC | W 24–0 | 1,000 |
| November 25 | vs. Davidson | American Legion Memorial StadiumCharlotte, NC | W 19–7 | 10,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# 1932 Leichhardt state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Leichhardt on 10 December 1932 because of the death of Barney Olde, Labor (NSW).

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 20 November 1932 | Barney Olde died. |
| 24 November 1932 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 30 November 1932 | Day of nomination |
| 10 December 1932 | Polling day |
| 22 December 1932 | Return of writ |

## Result

1932 Leichhardt by-election Saturday 10 December :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Labor (NSW) | Joe Lamaro | 9,401 | 62.0 |
| | Federal Labor | Robert Storey | 5,164 | 34.1 |
| | Communist | Thomas Payne | 313 | 2.1 |
| | Douglas Credit | William Benjamin | 227 | 1.5 |
| | Independent | Arthur Doughty | 51 | 0.3 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 15,156 | 96.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 640 | 4.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,796 | 93.0 |
| | Labor (NSW) hold | Labor (NSW) hold | Swing | |
* Preferences were not distributed.
# W. U. Hensel

William Uhler Hensel (December 4, 1851 – February 27, 1915) was a Pennsylvania newspaper editor, lawyer, author, and state Attorney General. He was very active in politics, and a noted political speaker, but steadfastly declined any official post beyond his term as Attorney General.
Hensel authored several books, most notably biographies of Grover Cleveland and his running mates Thomas A. Hendricks and Allen G. Thurman.

## Personal life and career

Hensel was born the son of George Washington Hensel, a very successful businessman: president of the local bank, director of the local railroad, and trustee of Franklin and Marshall College, and Anna Maria Uhler.
Hensel attended Franklin and Marshall College and graduated in 1870.
Hensel had an early interest in politics, and in 1872 he canvassed for Charles R. Buckalew in his unsuccessful run for governorship.
Hensel was admitted to the bar in 1873.
In 1874, Hensel bought a half-interest in the Lancaster Intelligencer and became its editor. Under his direction, the paper went from the typical small-town litany of local trivia to the more big-town news-as-drama and political advocacy.
In 1875, Hensel became even more involved in local Democratic politics, being elected Chairman of the Democratic Committee of Lancaster County.
Hensel kept up his law practice, and when in 1880 the paper ran an editorial criticizing a judge, he and his co-owner were disbarred. On appeal to the state Supreme Court, with several prominent state lawyers, and fellow newspaperman and politician Alexander McClure defending him, they were unanimously readmitted.
In 1882 Hensel was elected President of the Pennsylvania State Editorial Association.
In 1886 Hensel sold his interest in the Intelligencer, and in 1887 opened a law office with J. Hay Brown that proved very successful.
In 1891, Governor Pattison appointed Hensel to Attorney General. Among other things, he tried to root out corruption within Pattison's cabinet, and prosecuted the state Attorney Auditor and state Secretary of the Treasurer.
In his later years he devoted himself strongly to local history and affairs. Hensel helped found the Lancaster County Historical Society.
In 1914, Hensel's health declined sharply and he retired from practice, and moved south for his health, finally dying in Savannah, Georgia.

## Books by Hensel

* The Christiana Riot and the Treason Trials of 1851: An Historical Sketch, 1911
# W. V. Howard

Waldo Vose Howard (October 2, 1841 – November 20, 1927) was an American architect practicing in the city of Brockton, Massachusetts and its suburbs.

## Life

Howard was born in 1841 in Norton, Massachusetts. His father, Linus, was a farmer. In 1881, W. V. Howard married Mary (Eaton) Nutter, of Amesbury. They had no children. He had opened his office by 1882. In 1889, he took Fred T. Austin as partner in the firm of Howard & Austin. Austin left in 1896 to work alone, before becoming the partner of Charles A. Brigham (Austin & Brigham) in Boston that same year. In later life, Howard was appointed City Architect of Brockton. Howard died in 1927.
Howard was fairly prolific in Plymouth County, and was competent in the major late-nineteenth century styles. Howard worked in Brockton during the 1880s and 90s, with its population more than quadrupling during his career. He and fellow Brockton architect Wesley Lyng Minor designed most of the city's major structures during that period.

## Architectural works
### W. V. Howard, until 1889

* 1882 - Aaron M. Herrod House, 772 N. Main St, Brockton, Massachusetts
** Demolished.
* 1882 - Robbins B. Grover House, 336 Main St, Brockton, Massachusetts
** Demolished.
* 1883 - Joslyn Block, 23 Centre St, Brockton, Massachusetts
** Demolished.
* 1884 - Central Fire Station, 40 Pleasant St, Brockton, Massachusetts.
* 1889 - First Universalist Church, 34 Cottage St, Brockton, Massachusetts

### Howard & Austin, 1889-1896

* 1889 - Kingman Block, 142 Main St, Brockton, Massachusetts
** Replaced by Martin & Hall's Kennedy Building in 1916.
* 1890 - Gardner Block, 62 Centre St, Brockton, Massachusetts.
** Demolished in 2013.
* 1894 - Littleton Town Hall, 125 Main St, Littleton, New Hampshire
* 1896 - Hyannis Yacht Club, Pleasant St, Hyannis, Massachusetts
** Demolished.
* 1896 - Moses A. Packard House, 647 Main St, Brockton, Massachusetts.

### W. V. Howard, after 1896

* 1896 - Washburn Library, 32 Union St, East Bridgewater, Massachusetts
* 1897 - William L. Wright House, 162 Highland St, Brockton, Massachusetts
* 1898 - Fire Station No. 3, 914 N Main St, Brockton, Massachusetts.
* 1899 - Jenkins Block, 91 Washington St, Whitman, Massachusetts
** Upper floors removed after a 1930 fire.
* 1905 - Brockton Armory, 233 Warren Ave, Brockton, Massachusetts
* 1907 - Gifford School, 285 W Main St, Avon, Massachusetts
** Burned in 1952.
* 1908 - Center School, 155 W Center St, West Bridgewater, Massachusetts
** Demolished.
* 1914 - Huntington School Annex, 1121 Warren Ave, Brockton, Massachusetts
* 1915 - George S. Paine School, 211 Crescent St, Brockton, Massachusetts
** Now the Adult Learning Center.
# George Bancroft Cornish

George Bancroft Cornish (1867 - 1946) was an early 20th century photographer of portraits and scenes from the American West including Native Americans and ranchers. He was based out of Arkansas City, Kansas. The Library of Congress has four of his images in their collection. The University of Kansas Libraries have a collection of his papers.
He took over William Prettyman's studio and eventually published an album of his and Prettyman's work. Some of Cornish's photographs were published along with the work of Thomas Croft (photographer) in the Arkansas City Illustrated.
Cornish left his studio business to his assistant Edith Berroth (1895 - 1989) who carried on the business. Berroth was an assistant from 1912 until his death and operated the studio until her retirement in 1969.
Berroth sold the building to World War II veteran and part owner of the studio Michael M. Marotta on April 25, 1969. She died November 9, 1989. Marotta eventually sold the studio building to Otis Morrow and it is now occupied by law offices.

## Gallery

* Wyandot chief