OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Euler–Tricomi equation

In mathematics, the Euler–Tricomi equation is a linear partial differential equation useful in the study of transonic flow. It is named after mathematicians Leonhard Euler and Francesco Giacomo Tricomi.
    $u_{xx}+xu_{yy}=0.\,$
It is elliptic in the half plane x > 0, parabolic at x = 0 and hyperbolic in the half plane x < 0. Its characteristics are
    $x\,dx^{2}+dy^{2}=0,\,$
which have the integral
    $y\pm {\frac {2}{3}}x^{3/2}=C,$
where C is a constant of integration. The characteristics thus comprise two families of semicubical parabolas, with cusps on the line x = 0, the curves lying on the right hand side of the y-axis.

## Particular solutions

A general expression for particular solutions to the Euler–Tricomi equations is:
    $u_{k,p,q}=\sum _{i=0}^{k}(-1)^{i}{\frac {x^{m_{i}}y^{n_{i}}}{c_{i}}}\,$
where
    $k\in \mathbb {N}$
    $p,q\in \{0,1\}$
    $m_{i}=3i+p$
    $n_{i}=2(k-i)+q$
    $c_{i}=m_{i}!!!\cdot (m_{i}-1)!!!\cdot n_{i}!!\cdot (n_{i}-1)!!$
These can be linearly combined to form further solutions such as:
for k = 0:
    $u=A+Bx+Cy+Dxy\,$
for k = 1:
    $u=A({\tfrac {1}{2}}y^{2}-{\tfrac {1}{6}}x^{3})+B({\tfrac {1}{2}}xy^{2}-{\tfrac {1}{12}}x^{4})+C({\tfrac {1}{6}}y^{3}-{\tfrac {1}{6}}x^{3}y)+D({\tfrac {1}{6}}xy^{3}-{\tfrac {1}{12}}x^{4}y)\,$
etc.
The Euler–Tricomi equation is a limiting form of Chaplygin's equation.
# MLS preseason tournaments

This is a list of pre-season tournaments Major League Soccer clubs have been participants.

## Multi-team tournaments
### Yearly

* Carolina Challenge Cup
* Mobile Mini Sun Cup

### Infrequently

* La Manga Cup
* Portland Timbers Tournament

### One time event (so far)

* Texas Pro Soccer Festival 2008
* Orlando City Invitational

### Defunct

* Sounders Community Shield
* Hawaiian Islands Invitational
* Walt Disney World Pro Soccer Classic

## Preseason cups

* Lamar Hunt Pioneer Cup
* Saturn Cup
# Euriphene glaucopis

Euriphene glaucopis, the cobalt nymph, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its habitat consists of forests.
This species has a wingspan of 43 mm (1.7 in) and the holotype was collected in Ikelemba at the Sangha River in Neukamerun.
# Equestrian statue of Augustus (Mérida)

The equestrian statue of Augustus is a bronze statue of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, riding a horse. It dates from 2007 and is in Mérida, Spain, located on a roundabout at the intersection of the Avenida de Portugal and the Avenida Reina Sofía. Emerita Augusta, today Mérida, was founded as a Roman colony in 25 BC at the order of Augustus to serve as a retreat for the veteran soldiers (emeritus) of the legions V Alaudae and X Gemina.

## History and description

The sculpture was initially intended to be erected on the roundabout of Tres Fuentes, yet plans changed along the way. With a budget of 112,780 € in disposal, the municipal managing board awarded the project in September 2005 to Eduardo Zancada [es], the only artist who had entered the public competition, and himself a son of the mayor of Mérida between 1952 and 1954, Eduardo Zancada Alarcón. There is another sculpture of Augustus in a city's roundabout, near the Lusitania Bridge.
Cast in bronze in Madrid at Codina's foundry, the sculpture weighs 2.5 tonnes. The 3.75 metre high sculpture, features the Roman emperor riding a horse without stirrups, wearing a muscle cuirass, and brandishing a staff while keeping the sword in the belt. It lies on top of a granite plinth.
Shortly before the 2007 municipal elections, the sculpture was inaugurated in April 2007 along the whole reform of the traffic circle, with an inner radius of 7.50 m and an outer radius of 17.50 m, at about the same time that another equestrian statue also by Zancada featuring Augustus' son-in-law Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa.
# Fissicrambus haytiellus

Fissicrambus haytiellus, the carpet-grass webworm moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Zincken in 1821. It is found in the Dominican Republic, Cuba and the United States, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Florida, North Carolina and Texas.
# Norville, Missouri

Norville is an unincorporated community in Livingston County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Norville was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1906. The community most likely has the name of Captain William N. Norville, an early citizen.
# Parminder Singh

Parminder Singh may refer to:
* Parminder Singh (footballer), Indian association football player
* Parminder Singh (rower), Indian rower
* Parminder Singh Dhindsa, Indian politician
* Parminder Singh Dhull, Indian politician
* Parminder Singh Saini, hijacker of the Indian Airlines Flight 405 (1984)
* Parminder Singh Saini (field hockey), Indian-Kenyan field hockey player
# Sandeman (wine)

Sandeman is a brand of Port and Sherry wines founded in 1790. Its well known logo features a caped man known as "The Don" dressed in a Portuguese student's cape and a wide traditional Andalusian type hat. Besides Port and Sherry wines, it also produces Brandy and Madeira wine.

## History

Brothers George and David Sandeman from Perth founded the company in 1790 with £300. David left the company in 1798 to found the Commercial Bank of Scotland leaving George in sole charge.
In 1953, Sandeman bought the port company Robertson Brothers.
Initially passed to his nephew, George Glas Sandeman, Sandeman remained a family business until bought out by the drinks company Seagram in 1979. In 2001 the operation was sold to Sogrape by Diageo and Pernod Ricard who had acquired it from Seagram. A descendant, George Thomas David Sandeman is a member of the board of Sogrape Vinhos S.A.

### Sandeman family

The founder George Sandeman, whose father was also George, was descended from the marriage of David Sandeman to Margret Ramsey in 1716, whose offspring included a notable Glasite theologian Robert Sandeman and the Perthshire linen manufacturer William Sandeman. Family descendants remained owners of the wine business until 1993. In the nineteenth century the family became associated with Hayling Island coming to live at Westfield House in West Town, Hayling Island and with a family grave in St. Mary's Church. The Hayling Golf Club was founded by Fleetwood Sandeman in 1883.

#### Lea & Sandeman

Lea & Sandeman is an independent wine merchant formed by Patrick Sandeman and Charles Lea in 1993. Patrick was a member of the Sandeman family who had initially worked for Seagram. He died in a skydiving accident in 2012 and his wife Katie succeeded him as a director.
# 1573 in France

Events from the year 1573 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles IX

## Events

* Apr 30 - The spire of Beauvais Cathedral, France, which made it the tallest human-made monument in the world at the time, collapses (never rebuilt)

## Births
### Full date missing

* Mathurin Régnier, satirist (died 1613)
* Catherine of Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (died 1648)
* François Annibal d'Estrées, diplomat and Marshal of France (died 1670)

## Deaths
### Full date missing

* Gilles Garnier, hermit
* Jacques Besson, inventor, mathematician and philosopher (born 1540?)
* Michel de l'Hôpital, statesman (born 1507)
* Firmin Lebel, composer and choir director
* Étienne Jodelle, poet and dramatist (born 1532)
# 1999 Dundee City Council election

The 1999 Dundee City Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of City of Dundee Council, as part of the Scottish local elections of that year.

## Results

1999 Dundee City Council election result :
| Party | Seats | Net gain/loss | Seats % |
| Labour | 14 | 14 | 48.3 |
| SNP | 10 | 7 | 34.5 |
| Conservative | 4 | | 13.8 |
| Independent Labour | 1 | 1 | 3.4 |
| Liberal Democrats | 0 | | 0.0 |
| Scottish Green | 0 | | 0.0 |
| Scottish Socialist | 0 | | 0.0 |
# Llandybie RFC

Llandybie RFC is a Welsh rugby union team based in the village of Llandybie, which is located 2.5 miles north of Ammanford in the county of Carmarthenshire. Llandybie RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Llanelli-based professional team Scarlets. Llandybie RFC play in Division Three West B of the SWALEC National League.
Club captain is Keenan Jones.
# Violin Concerto No. 1 (Lindberg)

The Violin Concerto No. 1 is a composition for solo violin and orchestra by the Finnish composer Magnus Lindberg. The work was commissioned by the Mostly Mozart Festival and was composed in 2006. It was given its world premiere at Avery Fisher Hall on August 22, 2006 by the violinist Lisa Batiashvili and the Mostly Mozart Festival Orchestra under the direction of Louis Langrée.

## Composition

The violin concerto has a duration of roughly 27 minutes and is composed in three numbered movements.

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo violin and a chamber orchestra comprising two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, and strings.

## Reception

The violin concerto has been praised by music critics. Reviewing the world premiere, Allan Kozinn of The New York Times observed:
   In the opening pages, the solo violin line was surrounded and eventually engulfed by the orchestral strings, which created the clean, icy texture that became the spine of much of the 25-minute score. Eventually this texture became the backdrop for embellishments of all kinds, ranging from adventures in gamelan scales, to moves that sounded like lost visitors from the world of film soundtracks.
He continued, "The lengthy, riveting cadenza near the end of the work is full of beauty and surprise, and it samples the full gamut of violin technique, from pizzicato to sliding and trilling, to lush melodies in double stops. Ms. Batiashvili made the most of its showpiece qualities but also maintained its internal coherence."
Andrew Clements of The Guardian called it "one of the finest new concertos for the instrument in several decades" and wrote, "The richness and complexity of the textures that Lindberg generates from a modest, Mozartian orchestra continue to amaze..." David Fanning of Gramophone similarly remarked, "It manages to balance substance with style, and poetry with virtuosity, in ways that can almost stand comparison with Berg (the distant but clear model for a number of its textures)."
# Violin Concerto No. 1 (Unsuk Chin)

Unsuk Chin's Violin Concerto No. 1 was written in 2001 on a commission from the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, where she was then serving as composer-in-residence. It was given its world premiere by the violinist Viviane Hagner and the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin conducted by Kent Nagano at the Berliner Philharmonie on January 20, 2002. The piece was awarded the prestigious Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition in 2004. Unsuk Chin later composed a second Violin Concerto, Scherben der Stille (Shards of Silence), in 2021.

## Composition

The concerto has a duration of roughly 27 minutes and is cast in four numbered movements.

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo violin and an orchestra comprising two flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), two oboes (2nd doubling Cor anglais), two clarinets (2nd doubling E-flat clarinet), two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, four trumpets, two trombones, tuba, timpani, five percussionists, two harps, harpsichord (doubling celesta), and strings.

## Reception

The music critic Joshua Kosman of the San Francisco Chronicle highly praised the concerto, writing, "this is a score of enormous beauty, rhetorical force and structural ingenuity; by rights it should become a staple of the concert landscape." He continued, "The piece lasts about 25 minutes and is laid out in the four-movement plan traditional for symphonies, though not concertos – a substantial opening movement, a slow movement, a brisk scherzo and a lively set of variations on a dancelike tune. The writing is richly colorful without ever sounding turgid, and the solo part combines clarity and eloquence with the sort of dizzying pyrotechnics that any concerto requires." Christopher Dingle of BBC Music Magazine similarly wrote, "With musings around the instrument's four strings providing the starting point to the first three of the four movements, there is a clear unity around which more unusual textures can circulate." He added, "It is not as startlingly original as the more recent Cello Concerto, but it is an absorbing and enjoyable work."

## Recording

A recording of the concerto, performed by Viviane Hagner and the Montreal Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kent Nagano, was released by Analekta on March 24, 2009.
# Garuleum

Garuleum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to southern Africa. Garuleum is one of eight genera of Calenduleae.

## Description

The style of disc florets are deeply bifurcate (forked) with linear lobes. They are covered with papillae to well below point of bifurcation.

## Species

The following species are recognised:
* Garuleum album S.Moore - Cape Provinces
* Garuleum bipinnatum Less. - Cape Provinces
* Garuleum latifolium Harv. - KwaZulu-Natal
* Garuleum pinnatifidum DC. - Cape Provinces, Free State, Limpopo
* Garuleum schinzii O.Hoffm. ex Schinz - Cape Provinces, Namibia
* Garuleum sonchifolium (DC.) Norl. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
* Garuleum tanacetifolium (MacOwan) Norl. - Cape Provinces
* Garuleum woodii Schinz - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Limpopo, Lesotho
# 1900–01 Cornell Big Red men's basketball team

The 1900–01 Cornell Big Red men's basketball team represented Cornell University during the 1900–01 college men's basketball season. The team finished with a final record of 2–4–1.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| 1/12/1901* | Geneva 34th Sep. Company | W 37–12 | 1–0 | Ithaca, NY |
| 1/16/1901* | at Vermont | W 16–6 | 2–0 | Burlington, VT |
| 1/18/1901* | at Dartmouth | L 12–26 | 2–1 | Hanover, NH |
| 1/19/1901* | vs. Yale | L 2–22 | 2–2 | Schenectady, NY |
| 2/16/1901* | at Syracuse | L 15–18 | 2–3 | Syracuse, NY |
| 3/1/1901* | at Rensselaer | L 7–20 | 2–4 | |
| 3/2/1901* | at Hamilton | T 12–12 | 2–4–1 | Hamilton, NY |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Gary Aspden

Gary Lee Aspden (born 27 September 1969) is an English brand consultant and designer notable for his association with adidas.
He was born in Darwen, Lancashire, and attended Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School.
Aspden began collaborating with adidas in the 1990s, and gained prominence through successful outreach with celebrities while working for the entertainment marketing team. After nine years with adidas UK, he founded his own consulting agency, Darwen Design, but is the chief curator of adidas' Spezial line, which he created in 2013.
In October 2019, he held an exhibition of more than 1,000 trainers in Blackburn as part of the British Textile Biennial.
In July 2024, a section of Knott Street in Darwen, Lancashire, was renamed Gary Aspden Way.
# Visual Resources

Visual Resources is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering art theory, digital art history, and art historiography published by Routledge. It was established in 1980 and the editor-in-chief is Barbara Pezzini (University of Manchester).

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Bibliography of the History of Art, British Humanities Index, EBSCO databases, and Scopus.
# Gas Food Lodging (EP)

Drag or Gas Food Lodging is the debut extended play by Australian rock band, Drag, which was released in June 2002 via Dew Process/Universal Music Australia. The track, "Take Me with You", received airplay on Triple J radio after the EP was released.
The EP reached No. 19 on the ARIA Alternative Albums Chart and No. 6 on the ARIA Hitseekers Albums Chart. The group's founding guitarist and lead vocalist, Darren Middleton, later explained how the group's work was "universally themed and full of obscure metaphors that don't really mean anything, which is what I really did with Drag. There wasn't really any focus in that project."

## Track listing

* "Nowhere but Here" – 4:55
* "Secret Design" – 3:26
* "H" – 0:07
* "Take Me with You" – 4:07
* "The Less You Know" – 3:43
* "Thanks for Your Time" – 2:52
* "On Top of It" – 3:05

## Personnel

* Darren Middleton – guitars, vocals
* Mark McElligott – drums, backing vocals
* Sean Hartman – bass guitar
* Matt Murphy – Wurlitzer piano, Hammond organ
* Wayne Connolly – backing vocals
* Calib James – strings (on "Secret Design")
# Vitalini

Vitalini is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bonifazio Vitalini (c. 1320–after 1388), Italian jurist
* Francesco Vitalini (1865–1904), Italian painter and engraver
* Pietro Vitalini (born 1967), Italian alpine skier
# Vitreorana parvula

Vitreorana parvula is a species of small green frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is closely related to Vitreorana uranoscopa. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes, but it is threatened by habitat loss.

## Sources

* IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group; Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna (2022). "Vitreorana parvula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T55027A116037680. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
* AmphibiaWeb - Vitreorana parvula
* ↑ Phylogeny, Taxonomy, Character Evolution, and Biogeography (2007, ISBN 054936479X)
* This glass frog article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Vitreorana gorzulae

Vitreorana gorzulae (Bolivar giant glass frog) is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in Bolívar state in Venezuela and in Guyana. In Spanish it is known as ranita de cristal de Gorzula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and intermittent rivers.
# 1909 Cork Senior Hurling Championship

The 1909 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 22nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 21 April 1909. The championship began on 9 May 1909 and ended on 25 July 1909.
Blackrock were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Dungourney at the semi-final stage.
On 25 July 1909, Dungourney won the championship following a 6–10 to 1–8 defeat of Sarsfields in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

## Results
### First round

* St. Finbarr's received a bye in this round.

### Second round

* St Mary's and Sarsfields received byes in this round.

### Miscellaneous

* Sarsfields qualify for the final for the first time.
# 1909 County Championship

The 1909 County Championship was the 20th officially organised running of the County Championship. The season ran from 3 May to 30 August 1909. Kent won their second championship title, while Lancashire finished in second place. The previous season's winners, Yorkshire, finished third.

## Table

| Team | P | W | L | D | A | Pts | Fin | %Fin |
| Kent | 26 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 18 | 77.77 |
| Lancashire | 24 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 18 | 55.55 |
| Yorkshire | 26 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 16 | 50.00 |
| Sussex | 26 | 7 | 3 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 40.00 |
| Surrey | 30 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 9 | 23 | 39.13 |
| Middlesex | 22 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 9.09 |
| Northamptonshire | 18 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 5.88 |
| Hampshire | 22 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0.00 |
| Worcestershire | 20 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0.00 |
| Nottinghamshire | 20 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 1 | –2 | 14 | –14.28 |
| Somerset | 16 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 0 | –3 | 11 | –27.27 |
| Warwickshire | 20 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 0 | –5 | 11 | –45.45 |
| Leicestershire | 22 | 3 | 10 | 8 | 1 | –7 | 13 | –53.84 |
| Essex | 20 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 2 | –5 | 9 | –55.55 |
| Derbyshire | 22 | 2 | 15 | 4 | 1 | –13 | 17 | –76.47 |
| Gloucestershire | 22 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 0 | –12 | 14 | –85.71 |
| Source: |||||||||
* One point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss. Final placings were decided by dividing the number of points earned by the number of completed matches (i.e. those that ended in a win or a loss), and multiplying by 100.

## Statistics
### Batting

Most runs :
| Aggregate | Average | Player | County |
| 1,844 | 39.23 | Ernie Hayes | Surrey |
| 1,771 | 45.41 | Jack Hobbs | Surrey |
| 1,544 | 37.65 | David Denton | Yorkshire |
| 1,451 | 40.30 | Robert Relf | Sussex |
| 1,352 | 37.55 | Phil Mead | Hampshire |
| Source: ||||

### Bowling

Most wickets :
| Aggregate | Average | Player | County |
| 178 | 14.07 | Colin Blythe | Kent |
| 135 | 19.11 | George Dennett | Gloucestershire |
| 120 | 20.17 | Walter Lees | Surrey |
| 118 | 13.80 | George Thompson | Northamptonshire |
| 111 | 12.67 | Schofield Haigh | Yorkshire |
| Source: ||||
# Vittore Zanetti Zilla

Vittore Zanetti Zilla (1864–1946) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Vittore Zanetti-Zilla was born in Venice, Austrian Empire. Venice was transferred to the Kingdom of Italy when he was about two-years old and his family continued to reside there. He attended a technical school in Venice and at the same time began to study painting by frequenting the studio of Giacomo Favretto, a family friend. After obtaining his secondary school certificate in 1882, he decided to learn the rudiments of art under the guidance of Egisto Lancerotto. In 1884 he left for his military service in Naples and Sicily. Afterwards, he returned to Venice and then moved with his family to Abruzzo for several years, where he worked as a teacher. However, he continued his artistic endeavors and in 1898 he journeyed through Europe, developing close contacts with the French landscapists. He took part in the first edition of the Esposizioni Internazionali d’Arte di Venezia from 1895 onwards (with a one-man show in 1914), making a name for himself with his lagoon scapes characterized by a decorative style exhibiting French influences. He experimented with watercolor and varnished tempera, which enabled him to obtain bright pure colors. He also participated in international exhibitions including one in Munich in 1893 and one in Buenos Aires in 1910. After Italy's defeat at the Battle of Caporetto during World War I, he fled to Milan where he lived until his death. He was exhibited in two one-man shows at the Galleria Pesaro, in 1918 and 1920.
# Gaston Hubin

Gaston Hubin (10 July 1886 – 13 September 1950) was a Belgian footballer who played for Excelsior SC Bruxelles, Léopold, Racing Club Bruxelles and the Belgium national team.