OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Grand Ducal Highness

His or Her Grand Ducal Highness (abbreviation: HGDH) is a style of address used by the non-reigning members of some German ruling families headed by a Grand Duke. No currently reigning family employs the style, although it was used most recently by the younger sisters of the late Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg. Since Grand Duchess Charlotte's marriage to Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, all of their male-line descendants have used the style Royal Highness, which he bore.
A reigning grand duke, his heir apparent, and their spouses would use the style of Royal Highness. The male line descendants of a reigning grand duke, other than the heir, would use the style Grand Ducal Highness. This practice was followed by the ruling families of Luxembourg, Hesse and by Rhine, and Baden. Other grand ducal families had either ceased to reign as grand dukes by the time this system developed following the 1815 Congress of Vienna or accorded only the style of "Highness" to cadet (Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Weimar). At present, the style is used only by the former ruling family of Baden, as the Hessian grand ducal family has become extinct.
Russian grand dukes and grand duchesses were the children or grandchildren of an Emperor of Russia and used the style Imperial Highness. The Grand Dukes of Tuscany used the style Royal Highness for themselves but it is not clear what style other members of the family would have used. By the time the system of different classes of Highness came into regular use for the relatives of rulers (in the eighteenth century), the Tuscan grand dukes were also members of the House of Austria. As such, they had the title of Archduke and used the style Imperial and Royal Highness.
In most of Europe, the style of Grand Ducal Highness was of lower rank than Imperial Highness and Royal Highness but higher than Highness and Serene Highness. If a woman with the rank of Royal Highness married a man with the rank Grand Ducal Highness, the woman would usually retain her pre-marital style. Also, if a woman with the rank of Grand Ducal Highness married a man with the rank of Serene Highness, she would keep her pre-marital style. However, if a woman bearing the style Grand Ducal Highness married a man bearing the style of Royal Highness or Imperial Highness she would, being consistent with the established tradition of conferring styles, assume her husband's style of Imperial Highness or Royal Highness. Similarly, if a woman bearing a lower (or no) title married a man bearing the style of Royal Highness or Highness, she would assume her husband's style. Cadets of grand ducal families who bore only the style of Highness were not, ipso facto, deemed of lesser rank than cadets of grand ducal families entitled to the style of Grand Ducal Highness.
# Fort Beauregard (disambiguation)

Several forts have been named Fort Beauregard.
* Fort Beauregard, in Louisiana
* Fort Beauregard (Virginia)
* Fort of Beauregard (Besançon), France
* Fort Proctor, in Lake Borgne, Louisiana; also known as Fort Beauregard or Beauregard's Castle
* Railroad Redoubt, at the Siege of Vicksburg, was also known as Fort Beauregard
* Fort Beauregard, fort sited on Philip's Island in South Carolina that Union forces captured at the Battle of Port Royal in 1861
# German submarine U-577

German submarine U-577 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 1 August 1940 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 553, launched on 15 May 1941 and commissioned on 3 July 1941 under Kapitänleutnant Herbert Schauenburg.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-577 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-577 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 7th U-boat Flotilla on 3 July 1941, followed by active service on 1 October 1941 as part of the 1st Flotilla. On 1 January 1942, she transferred to operations in the Mediterranean with 29th Flotilla, and was sunk just two weeks later.
In 3 patrols she sank no ships.

### Wolfpacks

U-577 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
* Stosstrupp (30 October – 1 November 1941)
* Raubritter (1 – 8 November 1941)
* Störtebecker (17 – 22 November 1941)

### Fate

U-577 was sunk on 15 January 1942 in the Mediterranean NW of Mersa Matruh, in position 32°40′N 25°48′E﻿ / ﻿32.667°N 25.800°E﻿ / 32.667; 25.800, by depth charges from RN Swordfish from 815 Squadron. All hands were lost.
# Prince Rupert (disambiguation)

Prince Rupert refers to Prince Rupert of the Rhine (Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria) (1619–1682), noted German and British soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor, and amateur artist.
Prince Rupert may also refer to:

## People

* Rupert Cambridge, Viscount Trematon (Prince Rupert of Teck) (1907–1928), a member of the British royal family, a great-grandson of Queen Victoria
* Prince Rupert Loewenstein (1933–2014), German aristocrat and band manager

## Places

* Prince Rupert, British Columbia, a city in Canada
* Prince Rupert (electoral district), a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia
* Prince Rupert, Edmonton, a neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

## Airports

* Prince Rupert Airport, an airport outside Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada
* Prince Rupert/Digby Island Water Aerodrome, an airport outside Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada
* Prince Rupert/Seal Cove Water Aerodrome, an airport adjacent to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada

## Organizations

* Prince Rupert Port Authority, a port authority responsible for all waterfront properties on Prince Rupert Harbour, British Columbia, owned by the Canadian federal government
* Prince Rupert Secondary School, a public high school in Prince Rupert, British Columbia, Canada
* School District 52 Prince Rupert, a school district in British Columbia, Canada, serving Prince Rupert and Hartley Bay

## Ships

* Prince Rupert (1841 HBC vessel), a sailing ship chartered by the New Zealand Company ships in 1841
* SS Prince Rupert, a Canadian steamship in service along the coast of British Columbia, Alaska, and Washington from 1910 to 1956
* HMS Prince Rupert (1915), a British monitor of the Royal Navy launched in 1915 and scrapped in 1923
* HMCS Prince Rupert (K324), a Royal Canadian Navy frigate in commission during World War II
* MV Queen of Prince Rupert, a Canadian roll-on/roll-off ferry in service on the coast of British Columbia from 1966 to 2009
* Prince Rupert (1744 HBC vessel), operated by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) from 1744 to 1760, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels
* Prince Rupert (1755 HBC vessel), operated by the HBC from 1755 to 1768, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels
* Prince Rupert (1769 HBC vessel), operated by the HBC from 1769 to 1786, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels
* Prince Rupert (1827 HBC vessel), operated by the HBC from 1827 to 1841, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels
* Prince Rupert (1865 HBC vessel), operated by the HBC from 1865 to 1886, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels
* Prince Rupert (1887 HBC vessel), operated by the HBC from 1887 to 1891, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels

## Objects

* Prince Rupert's drop, glass objects created by dripping molten glass into cold water
# Further Temptations

Further Temptations is the debut album by The Drones, originally released in 1977. The album included two re-recorded tracks ("Corgi Crap" and "Lookalikes") from their debut 7", Temptations of a White Collar Worker. In 1993, Anagram Records reissued the album on CD and included eight bonus tracks culled from the band's various singles.

## Original track listing
### Side 1

* "Persecution Complex" 2:36
* "Bone Idol" – 1:54
* "Movement" – 2:51
* "Be My Baby" – 3:19
* "Corgi Crap" – 2:43
* "Sad So Sad" – 2:38
* "The Change" – 3:39

### Side 2

* "Lookalikes" – 2:36
* "The Underdog" – 3:00
* "No More Time" – 2:35
* "City Drones" – 3:40
* "Just Want To Be Myself" – 2:44
* "Lift Off the Bans" – 2:37

## Bonus tracks

* "Lookalikes" (single version) – 2:34
* "Corgi Crap" (single version) – 2:53
* "Hard on Me" – 2:12
* "You'll Lose" – 3:40
* "Just Want To Be Myself" (single version) – 2:49
* "Bone Idol" (single version) – 1:59
* "Can't See" – 3:32
* "Fooled Today" – 3:16
# Upholstery regulator

An upholstery regulator is an upholstery tool that smooths irregularities in the stuffing beneath the coverings.
While it looks similar to a needle, it is heavier. Like needles, the regulator comes in various gauges and lengths. Upholsterers use it to poke through the multiple layers to adjust the stuffing before putting the final cover in place.
A related tool is the stuffing iron, which upholsterers use to push the stuffing into the curves and corners of furniture. It has a narrow piece of steel with one toothed edge to grab loose stuffing and place it in hard-to-reach spots.
# Karahöyük

Karahöyük may refer to the following settlements in Turkey:
* Karahöyük, Adıyaman, a village in Adıyaman Province
* Karahöyük, İncesu, a village in Kayseri Province
* Karahöyük, Kalecik, a neighbourhood in Ankara Province
* Karahöyük, Şehitkamil, a village in Gaziantep Province
# José María Romero López

José María Romero López (12 May 1815 in Seville – 1894 in Madrid) was a Spanish painter in the Romantic style. Some sources give his year of death as 1880 or 1888.

## Biography

Very few details of his early life are known for certain. In 1838, already a working artist, he was registered as a member of the Real Sociedad Económica Sevillana de Amigos del País; having gained his membership by donating a work called "The Coronation of the Drunkards", rather than paying the usual cash fee. They also presented him with a letter of appreciation for some cabinetmaking he had done.
In 1840, he became an assistant professor of drawing at the Escuela de Bellas Artes de Sevilla. Beginning in 1848, he taught classes in sketching. The following year, he was installed in the Palacio de San Telmo; doing work for Antoine, Duke of Montpensier. From 1860 to 1866, he was a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de Santa Isabel de Hungría. From 1840 to 1879, he was a regular participant in the National Exhibition of Fine Arts.
In 1866, he moved to Cádiz, where he was also a member of the Real Academia Provincia del Bellas Artes de Cádiz until 1875, when he probably returned to Seville. In 1879, he established himself in Madrid, where he painted portraits and some religious works. By 1889, he was in Málaga, working as a Professor of color and composition at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Telmo [es]. He stayed until sometime in 1893, when his age and health forced him to retire. He was buried in Madrid in 1894, possibly having gone there looking for clients.
In addition to museums in Spain, his works may be seen in Cuba; at the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana.
# Long Creek Township

Long Creek Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Long Creek Township, Boone County, Arkansas
* Long Creek Township, Carroll County, Arkansas
* Long Creek Township, Searcy County, Arkansas
* Long Creek Township, Macon County, Illinois
* Long Creek Township, Decatur County, Iowa
# Siddewadi

Siddewadi is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Optical Sounds

Optical Sounds is a Toronto based record label that was launched in 2008 by brothers Robert and Richard Gibson.
The label is focused on a community of underground bands with broad psychedelic influences with The Embassy Bar in Kensington Market serving as a common meeting place for the musicians.
Optical Sounds operates without contracts or employees and the organization's main focus is on community based events rather than record releases. The name Optical Sounds was taken from a track by the 1960s LA psych rock group The Human Expression. It is distributed in Canada by the Outside Music group.
Optical Sounds' roster has included Action Makes, The Auras, B17, The BB Guns, Bodies That Matter, The Disraelis, The Hoa Hoa's, The Flowers of Hell including Odes and "O", Magic Shoppe, Mimico, Ostrich Tuning, Planet Creature, Postcards, Sounds Around, Sun Stone Revolvers, Tess Parks, Twist, The Veldt, and Your 33 Black Angels.
The label's 2012 compilation Psych Pop From Toronto was curated by Spacemen 3's Will Carruthers and reached the Top 20 of the Canadian campus radio charts.
The label and its artists have showcased at Canadian Music Week, North by Northeast, and South by Southwest.

## Media

The label's releases and artists have appeared in media including Pitchfork, the Financial Times, The Guardian, The Quietus, Noisey/Vice, Exclaim!, Drowned In Sound, Now Magazine and on the cover of Eye Weekly, along with numerous music blogs and campus radio stations.
# Horst Gerson

Horst Gerson (2 March 1907 – 10 June 1978) was a German-Dutch art historian.

## Biography

Gerson was born in Berlin on 2 March 1907, and after studying art history in Vienna, he became a pupil and assistant of Cornelis Hofstede de Groot and worked for Hofstede de Groot's RKD (Netherlands Institute for Art History) during the years 1934–1966, becoming a Dutch citizen in 1940 and becoming director of the RKD on 1 January 1954. He was the nephew of Karl Lilienfeld, who had assisted Hofstede de Groot before him. In 1966 he became professor of art history at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, and during the years 1966–1975 he was head of the Kunsthistorisch Instituut Groningen. He is known for his publications, starting with his 'Ausbreitung und Nachwirkung der holländischen Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts' published in 1942.
He assisted Abraham Bredius with his Rembrandt catalogue raisonné, and later wrote his own version in 1968 which reduced the number of attributed Rembrandt works from 639 to 420, and the next year published a revision of Bredius's catalog that reduced the number even further. The Rembrandt Research Project (RRP) under the direction of Ernst van de Wetering has systematically gone through the Gerson papers and is in the process of re-attributing paintings to Rembrandt, most notably the self-portrait wearing a white feathered bonnet in Buckland Abbey. The last installment of the RRP's 'Corpus of Rembrandt paintings' published in 2014 included 348 paintings, of which 295 were included in Gerson's 1968 catalog.
Other books include, with E.H. ter Kuile covering architecture and sculpture, the chapters on painting in Art and Architecture in Belgium, 1600-1800 in the Pelican History of Art (1960, Penguin Books).
Gerson was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1969.
He died in Groningen on 10 June 1978.
# John Davis (offensive lineman)

John Henry Davis (born August 22, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL), primarily for the Buffalo Bills. He played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, twice earning first-team All-American honors. Davis played in Super Bowl XXV, Super Bowl XXVII, and Super Bowl XXVIII. He was also with the Bills for Super Bowl XXVI, but did not play in the game due to a knee injury.

## High school

Davis graduated from Gilmer High School in Gilmer County, Georgia in 1983. Davis was a four-year letterman in football and awarded Gilmer High School's best defensive player in 1981 and served as the team captain in 1982. In basketball, he received best defensive player his sophomore year, was the leading scorer, leading rebounder, and most valuable player his junior year. In 1982, he was selected as the Georgia High School Association AA Lineman of the Year, and First-team All-State selection in football and basketball.

## College

Davis attended the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he was a four-year starter on the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team. In 1983, he was selected to the Freshman All-American Football Team. He was awarded the Sports Illustrated National Offensive Player of the Week for his play in a victory over Clemson and earned a tag as "The Refrigerator Mover" for his outstanding performance against All-American William "The Refrigerator" Perry.
In 1985, he was selected as a first-team All-American at lineman by The Sporting News and was awarded the Atlanta Athletic Club Southeastern Lineman of the Year. In his senior season in 1986, Davis was an All-ACC selection and Scripps-Howard first-team All-American. Following his final season at Georgia Tech, he was selected to play in the Blue–Gray Football Classic and Japan Bowl All-Star Games. Davis was inducted into the Georgia Tech Athletics Hall of Fame in 1991.

## Professional career

His professional football career began when he was selected by the Houston Oilers in the 11th round of the 1987 NFL draft. He played for the Oilers from 1987 to 1989, and then went on to play for the Buffalo Bills from 1989 to 1994. Davis was a member of four Super Bowl teams with Buffalo before retiring in 1994. He started at right guard in Super Bowl XXV, missed Super Bowl XXVI due to a knee injury, played in Super Bowl XXVII, and started at left guard in Super Bowl XXVIII. He was awarded the NFL's Ed Block Courage Award in 1993 – this award is given "to honor one player from each NFL team who, in the eyes of his teammates, exemplified a commitment to sportsmanship and courage".
   "I was on a team that did something that will never be done again, and that's playing in four-straight Super Bowls."
John Davis

## Outside Football

Davis founded the John Davis Georgia Mountains Hospice Golf Classic which benefits North Georgia patients with hospice care.
# Karahöyük, Adıyaman

Karahöyük is a village in the Adıyaman District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. Its population is 434 (2021).
# Specchiolla

40°44′16″N 17°44′10″E﻿ / ﻿40.73778°N 17.73611°E﻿ / 40.73778; 17.73611
Specchiolla is an Italian resort on the Adriatic Sea. It is a "frazione" of the city of Carovigno and near the city of San Vito dei Normanni, located it the southern part of the region of Apulia, in the province of Brindisi.

## Geography

Specchiolla is located on the Salento peninsula, on the Adriatic coast.
Its distances from its surrounding cities are:
* 9 km from San Vito dei Normanni,
* 10 km from Carovigno,
* 17 km from San Michele Salentino,
* 18 km from Ostuni,
* 20 km from Brindisi.

## History

In the past, Specchiolla belonged to the city of San Vito dei Normanni. Because the local nobility was known to engage in gambling activities, legend narrates that the Prince of San Vito dei Normanni lost Specchiolla in a wager with his cousin, Prince of the neighboring city of Carovigno. Because Sanvitesi are the most numerous vacationers in Specchiolla, they reproach their rival neighbors of Carovigno for their insufficient attention to the conservation of this resort.
# José María Robles Fraga

José María Robles Fraga (born 10 April 1956) is a Spanish politician and diplomat who represented Córdoba in the Congress of Deputies from 1993 to 2001.
He has served as ambassador to Russia, Pakistan, and Lithuania, among other destinations.

## Family

He was born in Bogotá in 1956. His father Carlos Robles Piquer and uncle Manuel Fraga Iribarne were also politicians.

## Other activities

* European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member

## Decorations

* Grand Cross of Aeronautical Merit, white decoration (2021)
# Félines-sur-Rimandoule

Félines-sur-Rimandoule (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.
# Siddha (disambiguation)

Siddha is a Sanskrit term meaning "one who is accomplished"; has mastered, or has mastery over pure consciousness/knowledge (chit).
Siddha may refer to:
* Siddha, in Hinduism and Jainism, a person who has attained a high level of spiritual enlightenment
* Siddha Yoga, a spiritual path in Hindu traditions
* Siddha medicine, a form of South Indian, Tamil traditional medicine

## Places

* Siddha, Gandaki, a town in Nepal
* Siddha, Janakpur, a town in Nepal
# Matawatchan Aerodrome

Matawatchan Aerodrome (TC LID: CMW3) is an aerodrome located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) northeast of Matawatchan, Ontario, Canada.
# Grete Minde (film)

Grete Minde is a 1977 Austrian-German drama film based on the novel by Theodor Fontane and directed by Heidi Genée. It was entered into the 27th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

The plot revolves around the case of a young woman deprived of her rightful inheritance by officials in her home town. She takes her revenge by setting fire to the town, in which she and her child also perish.

## Cast

* Katerina Jacob as Grete Minde
* Siemen Rühaak as Valtin Zernitz
* Hannelore Elsner as Trude Minde
* Tilo Prückner as Gerd Minde
* Brigitte Grothum as Emerentz Zernitz
* Käthe Haack as Domina
* Hans Christian Blech as Gigas
* Hilde Sessak as Regine
* Martin Flörchinger as Vater Minde
* Horst Niendorf as Valtins Onkel