OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# E∞-operad

In the theory of operads in algebra and algebraic topology, an E$_∞$-operad is a parameter space for a multiplication map that is associative and commutative "up to all higher homotopies". (An operad that describes a multiplication that is associative but not necessarily commutative "up to homotopy" is called an A$_∞$-operad.)

## Definition

For the definition, it is necessary to work in the category of operads with an action of the symmetric group. An operad A is said to be an E$_∞$-operad if all of its spaces E(n) are contractible; some authors also require the action of the symmetric group S$_n$ on E(n) to be free. In other categories than topological spaces, the notion of contractibility has to be replaced by suitable analogs, such as acyclicity in the category of chain complexes.

## E$_n$-operads and n-fold loop spaces

The letter E in the terminology stands for "everything" (meaning associative and commutative), and the infinity symbols says that commutativity is required up to "all" higher homotopies. More generally, there is a weaker notion of E$_n$-operad (n ∈ N), parametrizing multiplications that are commutative only up to a certain level of homotopies. In particular,
* E$_1$-spaces are A$_∞$-spaces;
* E$_2$-spaces are homotopy commutative A$_∞$-spaces.
The importance of E$_n$- and E$_∞$-operads in topology stems from the fact that iterated loop spaces, that is, spaces of continuous maps from an n-dimensional sphere to another space X starting and ending at a fixed base point, constitute algebras over an E$_n$-operad. (One says they are E$_n$-spaces.) Conversely, any connected E$_n$-space X is an n-fold loop space on some other space (called B$^n$X, the n-fold classifying space of X).

## Examples

The most obvious, if not particularly useful, example of an E$_∞$-operad is the commutative operad c given by c(n) = *, a point, for all n. Note that according to some authors, this is not really an E$_∞$-operad because the S$_n$-action is not free. This operad describes strictly associative and commutative multiplications. By definition, any other E$_∞$-operad has a map to c which is a homotopy equivalence.
The operad of little n-cubes or little n-disks is an example of an E$_n$-operad that acts naturally on n-fold loop spaces.
# Ram Krishna Dwarika College

Ram Krishna Dwarika College, Patna is a degree college in Bihar, India. It is a constituent unit of Patliputra University. College offers Senior secondary education and Undergraduate degree in Arts, Science and conducts some vocational courses.

## History

College was established in 1964. The foundation of the college was laid down by Late Rao Birendra Singh, former Chief Minister of Haryana on 7 March 1964 at Punaichak, Patna. College became functional on 7 March 1975 at Punaichak. The present campus of the college has been donated by Late Shiv Naryan Ray and the college shifted on its present site in 1980. College became the constituent unit of Magadh University in 1986.
It became a constituent unit of Patliputra University in 2018.

## Degrees and courses

College offers the following degrees and courses.
* Senior Secondary
** Intermediate of Arts
** Intermediate of Science
* Bachelor's degree
** Bachelor of Arts
** Bachelor of Science
** Bachelor of Commerce
* Vocational courses
** Bachelor of Computer Application
** Bachelor of Business Management
** Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
** Travel and Tour Management
** Advertising, Sales promotion & sales Management
# FC Alliance Äischdall

FC Alliance Äischdall Hobscheid-Eischen is an association football club based in Hobscheid, in western Luxembourg.

## History

The club was founded in 2007 following the amalgamation of CS Hobscheid and FC Olympique Eischen. For the 2021–22 season, they play in the Luxembourg 1. Division, the third tier of the Luxembourg football pyramid.
Alliance Äischdall play their home matches at the Stade Koericherberg, the former ground of CS Hobscheid, which has a capacity of 2,120.

## Honours
### Domestic
#### Cup

* Luxembourg Cup
** Runners-up (1): 1981
# FC Altay Constanța

Fotbal Club Altay Constanța was a Romanian football club based in Constanța, Constanța County, founded in 1945 and dissolved in 2006. The club last played in the 2005–06 Divizia B season.

## History

The club was founded in 1945 as SCEC (Societatea de Electricitate Constanța – Constanța Electricity Company) and played in the Regional Championship until the end of the 1962–63 season, when finished as runners-up in Dobrogea Regional Series and promoted to Divizia C. The squad including players such as Cataramă, V. Olteanu, Rădulescu, Giovani, Munteanu, Antonescu, Datcu, Doroș, Mihai, Suliman, Dumitru.
Followed eighteen seasons in the third division in which was a mid-table team and finished twice as runners-up (1973–74 and 1974–75). Nonetheless, the electricians was relegated at the end of the 1980–81 season, finished 15th out of 16 in Series IV.
Electrica promoted in Divizia B finishing 2nd in the Series III of the 2002–03 Divizia C season.

## Honours

Liga III
* Runners-up (3): 1973–74, 1974–75, 2002–03
Liga IV – Constanța County
* Winners (5): 1982–83, 1984–85, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1999–2000

## Former managers

* Cristian Cămui
* Constantin Gache
* Leonida Nedelcu (2003)
# Rantzau (river)

Rantzau is a river in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It flows into the Stör near Breitenberg.
# Eyeliner (disambiguation)

Eye liner is a cosmetic used to define the eyes.
Eyeliner may also refer to:
* Eyeliner (band), an Indonesian rock band (1998-now)
* Eyeliner (UK band), a British rock band (2008-now)
* The Eyeliners, a punk rock band from Albuquerque, New Mexico, US
* Musion Eyeliner, a high-definition video projection system for stage productions
# Dawn of a New Day (Crystal Shawanda album)

Dawn of a New Day is the debut studio album by Canadian country music singer Crystal Shawanda. It was released in Canada on June 24, 2008, and in the United States on August 19. It produced five singles in "You Can Let Go", "What Do I Have to Do", "My Roots Are Showing", the title track and "Try". "You Can Let Go" reached number 21 on the Hot Country Songs charts.
Shawanda was born in Wiikwemkoong First Nation, Manitoulin Island, Ontario and her surname translates to "Dawn of a New Day".

## Personnel

* Bruce Bouton - lap steel guitar, pedal steel guitar
* Mike Brignardello - bass guitar
* Pat Buchanan - electric guitar
* Tom Bukovac - electric guitar
* Lisa Cochran - background vocals
* Perry Coleman - background vocals
* J.T. Corenflos - electric guitar
* Melodie Crittenden - background vocals
* Rob Hajacos - fiddle
* Tony Harrell - Hammond B-3 organ, piano, synthesizer
* Aubrey Haynie - fiddle, mandolin
* Mike Johnson - pedal steel guitar
* Troy Lancaster - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* B. James Lowry - acoustic guitar
* Chris McHugh - drums
* Gene Miller - background vocals
* Greg Morrow - drums, percussion
* Gordon Mote - Hammond B-3 organ, piano, synthesizer, Wurlitzer
* Crystal Shawanda - lead vocals
* Jimmie Lee Sloas - bass guitar
* DeWayne Strobel - electric guitar
* Bryan Sutton - acoustic guitar
* Russell Terrell - background vocals
* Bobby Terry - acoustic guitar
* Jonathan Yudkin - fiddle, mandolin, strings

## Chart performance
### Album

| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 16 |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 81 |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Single | CAN | US Country |
| 2008 | "You Can Let Go" | 60 | 21 |
| 2008 | "What Do I Have to Do" | 79 | — |
| 2008 | "My Roots Are Showing" | 87 | 57 |
| 2009 | "Dawn of a New Day" | 90 | — |
| 2009 | "Try" | — | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart ||||
# Ramji (cinematographer)

Ramji (born 31 July 1961) is an Indian film cinematographer, who has worked in Tamil, Hindi and Malayalam languages. He is well known for his association with directors such as Sangeeth Sivan, Ameer Sultan, Selvaraghavan and Mohan Raja.

## Career

He initially worked as an associate to cinematographer P. C. Sreeram.

## Filmography
### Feature films

| Year | Film | Language |
| 1997 | Vallal | Tamil |
| 1999 | Don Bosco | Malayalam |
| 2000 | Snehapoorvam Anna | Malayalam |
| 2001 | Dumm Dumm Dumm | Tamil |
| 2002 | Mounam Pesiyadhe | Tamil |
| 2003 | Chura Liyaa Hai Tumne | Hindi |
| 2005 | Raam | Tamil |
| 2005 | Kyaa Kool Hain Hum | Hindi |
| 2006 | Apna Sapna Money Money | Hindi |
| 2007 | Paruthiveeran | Tamil |
| 2009 | Ek: The Power of One | Hindi |
| 2010 | Aayirathil Oruvan | Tamil |
| 2010 | Click | Hindi |
| 2011 | Mayakkam Enna | Tamil |
| 2013 | Irandaam Ulagam | Tamil |
| 2015 | Thani Oruvan | Tamil |
| 2017 | Velaikkaran | Tamil |
| 2019 | Oththa Seruppu Size 7 | Tamil |
| 2020 | Ponmagal Vandhal | Tamil |
| 2021 | Laabam | Tamil |
| 2023 | Kannagi | Tamil |

### Webseries

| Year | Film | Language | Notes |
| 2023 | Ayali | Tamil | |

### Short films

| Year | Film | Language |
| 1997 | Manickan | Tamil |
| 1998 | Oru Yathra | Malayalam |
# Ramji Gulati

Ramji Gulati is an Indian singer and music producer. He mostly contributes to Hindi and Punjabi language songs.

## Career

In 2020, Ramji Gulati released his song "Luck Di Kasam" starring Siddharth Nigam and Avneet Kaur which as of January 2023 has more than 80 million views.
His song, "Tere Bin Kive" featured Jannat Zubair Rahmani and Mr Faisu. On 15 February 2021, Gulati released his song 'Carrom Ki Rani' starring TikTok stars Mr. Faisu and Jannat Zubair Rahmani.

## Nominations and awards

Gulati was nominated at the 2010 Global Indian Music Academy Awards as the Best Debutant singer, lyricist, composer. His music album UWF Vol.1 was nominated in the category, Most Popular Album.

## Discography

* "Tere Bin Kive"
* "Ishq Farzi"
* "Nazar Na Lag Jaye"
* "Fruity Lagdi Hai"
* "On My Way"
* "Battiyan Bujhaado"
* "Luck Di Kasam"
* "Kaali Meri Gaddi"
* "Nazar Na Lag Jaye"
* "Rona Likha Tha"
* "Marda Saara India"
* "Marda Chhod Gaya"
* "Rovaan Layi"
* "Carrom Ki Rani"
# F. R. Cowper Reed

Frederick Richard Cowper Reed (27 June 1860 – 8 February 1946) was an English paleontologist and geologist who studied invertebrate fossils mainly in Britain but also travelled and wrote a book on the geology of the British Empire.

## Early life and education

Reed was born in London and studied at Harrow before going to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he passed with first class in the Natural Tripos part I (1891) and part 2 (1892). He won the Harkness scholarship for geology and paleontology as well as the Sedgwick Prize in 1901 for his work on the geological history of the East Yorkshire rivers. He received an Sc.D. in 1914. He worked at the Woodwardian Museum from 1892 initially as an assistant.

## Career

Reed spent most of the interwar period abroad, living in Southern Rhodesia from 1922 to 1933 where he helped to examine and identify remains of the Massospondylus and Coelophysis. From 1933 to early 1935 he lived in the Tanganyika Territory where he worked on the remains of the Kentrosaurus before returning home to Cambridgeshire that July.
Reed's work was on British paleontology with interests in Brachiopods and Trilobites. He also contributed to the Paleontologica India between 1906 and 1944. In 1921 he published a Geology of the British Empire based on travels through Africa, India and Canada.

## Publications

* Reed, F. R. C. (1917). XXVI.—The Ordovician and Silurian Brachiopoda of the Girvan District. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 51(4), 795-998. doi:10.1017/S0080456800011959
* Reed, F. R. C. (1935). LII.—Notes on the Neogene Faunas of Cyprus.—III. The Pliocene Faunas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16(95), 489–524. doi:10.1080/00222933508655078
* Reed, F. R. C. (1935). I.—Notes on the neogene faunas of Cyprus.—II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 15(85), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933508654941
# Rauschenberger

Rauschenberger is a German locational surname, which originally meant a person from the town of Rauschenberg, Hesse in Germany. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ariel Rauschenberger (born 1966), Argentine politician
* Ryan Rauschenberger (born 1982), American politician
* Steve Rauschenberger (born 1956), American politician
* William C. Rauschenberger (1855–1918), American politician
# FILIP1

Filamin-A-interacting protein 1, abbreviated as FILIP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FILIP1 gene.

## Interactions

FILIP1 has been shown to interact with Filamin.
# FIPI

FIPI may stand for:
* Five Item Personality Inventory: see Big Five personality traits#Measurements
* Federation of Image Professionals International: see Personal stylist
* Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry
* Forest Investigation and Planning Institute of Vietnam
# FINS

FINS may refer to:
* Factory Interface Network Service, a network protocol.
* Fire Island National Seashore, a United States National Seashore that protects a 26-mile (42 km) section of Fire Island, an approximately 30-mile (48 km) long barrier island separated from Long Island by the Great South Bay.
# Dawie Snyman

Dawid Stefanus Lubbe Snyman (born 5 July 1949) is a former South African rugby union player and coach.

## Playing career

Snyman represented the Free State schools at two consecutive Craven Week tournaments. After school and completing his military training he enrolled at Stellenbosch University. In 1971, before playing provincial rugby, he was selected for the Springboks to tour Australia. Although he did not play in any test matches during the tour, being selected for the team made him only the third player, after JC van der Westhuizen and Danie Craven to represent the Springboks before playing for a province. He made his provincial debut for Western Province later during the 1971 season.
Snyman's test debut was in 1972 at Ellis Park against the touring English side captained by John Pullin. Playing flyhalf, Snyman scored all the point for the Springboks in the 9–18 defeat to the English. During September to November 1972, Snyman toured with Gazelles, a South African under-24 team, to Argentina. Snyman played ten test matches for the Springboks, scoring 24 points, including one try. He also played in twelve tour matches, scoring sixty-two points.

### Test history

| No. | Opponents | Results (RSA 1st) | Position | Points | Dates | Venue |
| 1. | England | 9–18 | Flyhalf | 9 (3 penalties) | 3 Jun 1972 | Ellis Park, Johannesburg |
| 2. | British Lions | 3–12 | Flyhalf | 3 (1 dropgoal) | 8 Jun 1974 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 3. | British Lions | 9–28 | Replacement | | 22 Jun 1974 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 4. | France | 13–4 | Fullback | | 23 Nov 1974 | Stade Municipal, Toulouse |
| 5. | France | 10–8 | Fullback | | 30 Nov 1974 | Parc des Princes, Paris |
| 6. | France | 38–25 | Fullback | 5 (1 conversion, 1 penalty) | 21 Jun 1975 | Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |
| 7. | France | 33–18 | Fullback | | 28 Jun 1975 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |
| 8. | New Zealand | 9–15 | Fullback | | 14 Aug 1976 | Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein |
| 9. | New Zealand | 15–10 | Fullback | 3 (1 dropgoal) | 4 Sep 1976 | Newlands, Cape Town |
| 10. | World XV | 45–24 | Fullback | 4 (1 try) | 27 Aug 1977 | Loftus Versfeld, Pretoria |

## Coaching career

In 1982 Snyman was appointed as the head coach of Western Province, with Charlie Cockrell as his assistant. During his tenure as head coach Western Province won the Currie Cup five times in a row from 1982 to 1986. In 1989, with Hennie Bekker as his assistant coach, Western Province shared the Currie Cup with Northern Transvaal.
# De Oro (disambiguation)

De Oro is a collaborative album made by Astronautalis.
De Oro may also refer to:

## Locations

* Cagayan de Oro, city in the Philippines
* Davao de Oro, province in the Philippines
* Río de Oro, part of the Spanish Sahara
* Río de Oro, town in Columbia
* Río de Oro, river in Morocco
* Río de Oro, river in Argentina
* Río de Oro, river in Columbia and Venezuela
* Maco, Davao de Oro, municipality in the Philippines
* Playa de Oro International Airport, international airport in Mexico
* Baño de Oro, historic recreation center and swimming pool
* Ciénaga de Oro, town and municipality in Columbia
* Montaña de Oro State Park, state park in Central Coastal California
* 363 Copa De Oro Road, house in LA, California

## Schools

* Cagayan de Oro College, college in Cagayan de Oro
* Cagayan de Oro National High School, high school in Cagayan de Oro

## People

* Antonio de Oro, Spanish military officer
* Ángel de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler
* Bracito de Oro, Mexican professional wrestler

## Media

* Jaula de Oro (album), 1984 studio album by Los Tigres del Norte
* Jaula de oro (song) song by Los Tigres del Norte
* La jaula de oro (1987 film), film inspired by the song
* La jaula de oro (telenovela)
* El gallo de oro, Mexican TV series

## Other

* Copa de Oro, football tournament
* Banco de Oro, Philippine banking company
# Raymond Augustine Kearney

Raymond Augustine Kearney (September 25, 1902 – October 1, 1956) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Brooklyn from 1935 until his death in 1956.

## Biography

Raymond Kearney was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, one of seven children of Joseph Peter and Nora Isabelle (née Burke) Kearney. He and his family moved to Brooklyn, New York, while he was still an infant. He received his early education at the parochial school of the Church of the Nativity, where he served as an altar boy.
Kearney attended Brooklyn Preparatory School before studying at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1923. He studied for the priesthood in Rome at the Pontifical North American College and the Propaganda University, receiving a doctorate in theology in 1927.
Kearney was ordained a priest at the Basilica of St. John Lateran on March 12, 1927. Following his return to Brooklyn, he was assigned as a curate at Queen of All Saints Church, where he remained for two months. He then served at Holy Innocents Church for two years before engaging in diocesan work. In 1929, he earned a doctorate in canon law from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. He served as chancellor of the Diocese of Brooklyn from 1930 to 1934. He was named a papal chamberlain in August 1933.
On December 22, 1934, Kearney was appointed auxiliary bishop of Brooklyn and titular bishop of Lysinia by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on February 25, 1935 from Archbishop Thomas Edmund Molloy, with Bishops Moses E. Kiley and Stephen Joseph Donahue serving as co-consecrators, at Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church. At age 32, he was the youngest Catholic bishop in the world and the first born in the twentieth century. In 1950, he was elected chairman of the Bishops' Committee on Motion Pictures, which supervised the work of the Legion of Decency. He was also recognized as an authority on canon law.
Kearney died from a heart attack at age 54.
# Raymond L. Haight

Raymond LeRoy Haight (July 18, 1897 – September 2, 1947) was an American lawyer and politician from California. Involved in the Republican and Commonwealth-Progressive parties, Haight ran as a third party candidate during the 1934 California gubernatorial election.

## Biography

Haight was born in San Jose, California to George Haight and Isabella Hawkins. Haight's grandfather's first cousin was Henry Huntly Haight, the Governor of California from 1867 to 1871. Haight was also related to Henry Haight, a prominent pioneer and San Francisco banker during the California Gold Rush. Haight was educated in law at the University of Southern California, editing the Daily Trojan for a year between 1918 and 1919. Following graduation, Haight entered a Los Angeles-based law practice (Haight & Mathes, which would eventually become Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton), and quickly gained a reputation with corporate investigations.
In the 1934 California gubernatorial election, Haight initially campaigned for the Republican nomination, gaining 85,000 votes. Haight ultimately lost to Frank Merriam, who had recently been installed as governor following the death of James Rolph. Haight continued to pursue the governorship, gaining the nominations of the Progressive Party and the Commonwealth Party, running against the right-wing leaning Merriam, and against former Socialist Party of America member and still self-avowed socialist, author Upton Sinclair, the Democratic Party candidate. During the campaign, there was discussion amongst Democratic supporters, including A. P. Giannini, of asking Sinclair to leave the race in favor of Haight, due to belief that Haight's moderate politics and unassociation with socialism would stand better against Merriam's conservatism. Sinclair, however, remained unyielding.
Haight campaigned as a centrist between the rightist Merriam and the leftist Sinclair, seeking support from voters dissatisfied with both candidates. Haight garnered 302,519 votes, 13% of the vote. Much of Haight's voting strength came from the San Joaquin Valley, where farmers were suspicious of Sinclair's End Poverty in California scheme to take over so-called 'idle farms'. With 13% of the vote, Haight arguably spoiled Sinclair's chances for the governorship.
Haight would unsuccessfully run again as a Progressive in the 1938 election, though he would never garner the same support as he did in 1934. He returned to law, and rejoined Republican ranks. He served as a delegate to the 1944 Republican National Convention in Chicago.
Haight died in San Diego on September 2, 1947.
# De Burghs Bridge

De Burghs Bridge is a road bridge that carries the Lane Cove Road, part of the A3, across the Lane Cove River in Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia. The bridge stretches from Macquarie Park in the south to West Pymble in the north.

## History

The current De Burghs Bridge is the second bridge with this name to cross the Lane Cove River in this area.

### First bridge

The first bridge with this name was designed in 1899 by Ernest de Burgh, after whom the bridge is named, and was opened on 23 February 1901. It was situated downstream from the current bridge, within metres at the southern end, and about 20 metres (66 ft) away from the current bridge at the northern end. The single De Burgh timber truss bridge was 91 metres (300 ft) in length, the largest truss was 50 metres (165 ft), the longest timber truss span ever built in Australia.
The old bridge was destroyed by bushfire in January 1994. The northern abutment on the ground is still visible, as are parts of the supporting piers. The new bridge offers a vantage point to view the remnants of the original structure.

### Second bridge

The bridge was replaced by two large high-level multi-lane separate concrete bridges, built alongside each other, that opened on 15 December 1967. The current bridge is a six-lane bridge that, unlike the original timber truss, is perpendicular to the river. This demonstrates how far road and bridge building had progressed by the 1960s, as previously it was dictated by the form of the land. One can see how the newer road and bridge is built right over any land formations, in contrast to the winding old road.
De Burghs Bridge is similar in form and function to Roseville Bridge, being a high-level multi-lane bridge replacing a low level, narrow bridge as well as windy approach roads.
De Burghs Bridge is an important part of the A3, a significant north–south artery across metropolitan Sydney which is the next road that connects the northern suburbs and the lower northern suburbs after (to the east of) Pennant Hills Road. The bridge carries three lanes of traffic each way and a pedestrian walkway on either side of the bridge. A plaque placed on the bridge pays tribute to the old bridge. It was placed there in 1988 before the destruction of the old bridge.
# Deadly Reunion

Deadly Reunion is a BBC Books original novel written by Terrance Dicks and Barry Letts and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Third Doctor, Jo, and UNIT.
This novel celebrates the 40th anniversary of Doctor Who.