OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Evapoporometry

Evapoporometry is a method used to determine pore-size in synthetic membranes. Based on the Kelvin equation, this technique is most accurate for detection of pore diameters between 4 nm to 150 nm.

## Theory

Evapoporometry uses modified forms of the Kelvin equation to relate the evaporation of a wetting liquid (usually 2-propanol) from a membrane to the average diameter of the pores in that membrane. The primary equation used in this technique is:
$d=-{4yV \over RT*ln(W_{A}/W_{A}^{\circ })}$
Where $d$ is the pore diameter, $y$ is the surface tension, $V_{\text{A}}$ is the vapor molar volume, $R$ is the gas constant, $T$ is the absolute temperature, $W_{A}$ is the instantaneous evaporation rate in $mol/s$, and $W_{A}^{\circ }$ is the average evaporation rate of the free-standing liquid layer in $mol/s$.

## Method

Evapoporometry has the significant advantage of requiring only a lab scale, 2-propanol (or another wetting fluid), and a cell in which to contain the sample and 2-propanol. The sample is immersed for some time in 2-propanol prior to measurement to ensure saturation of pores, and is then placed into the cell in an analytical balance and immersed again in 2-propanol, after which the change in mass due to evaporation of the free-standing liquid layer and then draining of liquid from pores is measured by the analytical balance. Instantaneous evaporation rates are calculated from the mass data and input into the above equation to yield a pore-size distribution for the sample. $W_{A}^{\circ }$ can be used to quantitatively determine value of $W_{A}$ at which pore draining begins, which is equal to $W_{A}^{\circ }-3\sigma$, where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of $W_{A}^{\circ }$. This analysis is enabled by the principle that evaporation from small pores will only occur after 2-propanol in larger pores has completely evaporated.
It is important to note that there exists a nanoscale layer of wetting fluid on both the membrane and the test cell material known as the "t-layer," the mass of which is to be excluded from measurement to increase accuracy, otherwise these points may be incorrectly attributed to subnanometer pores. Akhondi et al describe methods for correction of the t-layers of the test cell and membrane, as well as a correction for swelling of membranes during the experiment. The correction for the t-layer of the test cell itself can be made by performing the evapoporometry procedure as described above with an empty test cell, integrating from the start point of pore draining until the point at which $d$ = 4 nm to yield the mass of the t-layer. This mass plus the mass of the membrane's t-layer will constitute the endpoint of pore diameter calculation for the principal evapoporometry measurement.
# Edwin Jacobs

Edwin Jacobs (14 March 1853 – 26 April 1901) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Wellington in 1873/74.
# Edwin Jaggard

Edwin K. G. "Ed" Jaggard (born 1942) is an honorary professor at the School of Arts and Humanities in the Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, who specialised in the study of local history, in the study of surf lifesaving in Australia and in the politics of Cornwall, UK in the 19th century.
He holds Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Education and Master of Arts degrees from the University of Western Australia, and was awarded a Ph.D. by the Washington University in St. Louis in 1980 for a dissertation titled "Patrons, Principles and Parties: Cornwall Politics 1760–1910".

## Publications

This is an incomplete list.
* Cornwall Politics in the Age of Reform 1790-1855, Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press, (1999), ISBN 0-86193-243-9.
       This work is described by the RHS as: "This detailed case-study offers a penetrating analysis of the changing political culture in Cornwall up to and after the introduction of the 1832 electoral system. It spans a century in which the country’s parliamentary over-representation and notorious political corruption was replaced by a politicised electorate for whom issues and principles were usually paramount. Several modes of electoral behaviour are tested; in particular, the continuous political activism of Cornwall’s farmers stands out. Despite remnants of the unreformed electoral system lingering into the mid-Victorian era, Cornwall developed a powerful Liberal tradition, built upon distinctive patterns of non-conformity; the Conservatives, split by dissension, saw their pre-reform ascendancy disappear."
* "Managers and Agents: Conservative Party Organisation in the 1850s" in Parliamentary History 27 (1), 7–18 (2008)
* Between the Flags: One Hundred Summers of Australian Surf Lifesaving, UNSW Press, (2006), ISBN 9780868408972, (edited).
For further titles, search The catalogue of the library of ECU.
# Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi

Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi (1932/1933 – 1 June 2004) was an Indian poet, songwriter and folklorist associated with Assamese literature. She was president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1991 held at Dudhnoi in Goalpara district. She received several awards. In 1983 she received a Sahitya Akademi Award for her poetry book Sudirgha Din Aru Ritu. She also received the president's Award in 1957 for children's literature and the Asam Sahitya Sabha award in 1977 and 1989 for her non-fiction books 'Dinar Pisat Din' and 'Debi'. She has also won the 'Saraswati Sanman' title in 1987.

## Life and career

Bordoloi was married as a child at the age of 11. She wrote over 54 Assamese and English books and numerous songs. Notable among these songs are Kabita: Bon Faringar Rong, Samipesu, Antarang, Asamar Luko Sangonskriti, Siba, Asamar Luko Kabita.
Her first collection of poems was 'Bon Faringar Rang'.
Some other collection of poems :
Dinor Pasot Din
Samipehu
Antaranga
Sudirgha Din Aru Ritu
Song collections :
Xunboroniya Aai
Xuriya Geet
Other literary works:
Devi
Shiva
Surjya
She died on 1 June 2004 at the age of 71.
# Type 83

Type 83 may refer to:
* Type 83 destroyer, a planned class of destroyers for the Royal Navy
* Type 83 SPH, a Chinese 152mm self-propelled howitzer
* Type 83 122 mm howitzer, a Chinese 122mm towed howitzer
* Type 83 rifle, a rifle issued in Thailand in the 1940s
# Expresso Pequi

Expresso Pequi or Expresso Brasília-Goiânia was a planned rail line linking the Brazilian capital city Brasília with Goiânia. The name Pequi refers to the Caryocar brasiliense fruit which is grown in the region.

## History

In 2009, construction of the TAV High-speed railway between Brasília/Anápolis/Goiânia was announced. The construction of the line was expected to be financed by federal funds in partnership with the governments of Goiás and the Federal District, with the goal of developing the area between the two capitals. In 2017, South Korean rail operator AREX proposed a line with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (160 mph) between the two cities.

## Route

The 209 km (130 mi) route would allow a journey time of 1 hour 30 minutes between Brasília and Goiânia, with intermediate stations at Alexânia and Anápolis.
# Damasus

Damasus can refer to:
* Pope Damasus I (330–384) or St. Damasus
* Pope Damasus II (died 1048)
* Damasus Scombrus, Greek orator from Tralles
* Damasus (beetle), a genus of leaf beetle in the subfamily Eumolpinae
* Damasus (canonist) (12th–13th centuries); see Bartholomew of Brescia
* Damasus (mythology), a soldier on the Trojan side in the Trojan War
* Damasus, king of Kourion on southern Cyprus in the 7th century BCE
# Second Railroad Car No. 21

The Second Railroad Car No. 21, at the Nevada State Railroad Museum, located at 2180 S. Carson St. in Carson City, Nevada is a historic railroad car of the Virginia & Truckee line that was built in 1907. It was built by the American Car & Foundry. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
# Olympic route network

An Olympic route network (ORN) and Paralympic route network (PRN) is a network of dedicated roads linking venues and other key sites in a host city during Olympic and Paralympic games to ensure that athletes and officials get to events on time. Roads that are part of the network have 'games lanes' which are reserved for accredited games vehicles and on-call emergency vehicles.
For the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, a route network came into effect under the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 which gave the Olympic Delivery Authority temporary powers to take over traffic management measures during London 2012.
The ORN and PRN were first introduced for the 2000 Sydney Olympics as a result of problems at the Atlanta Olympics four years earlier when athletes had difficulty getting to their events on time. In July 2012, just before the start of the 2012 Olympics, London taxi drivers blocked some games lanes to protest against the ORN. The games lanes for London 2012 has been pejoratively referred to as ZiL lanes, in reference to dedicated lanes for VIPs in Moscow.
The ORN and PRN for the 2012 Olympics were controlled by the London Streets Traffic Control Center (LSTCC). They used computer systems as well as CCTV cameras to control London's traffic. By using the technology, the LSTCC was able to make sure vehicles on the ORN were able to reach their destinations in a straightforward manner.
# Maackia raphidia

Maackia raphidia is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.

## Distribution

Maackia raphidia lives in the Angara River. The type locality is “lac Baikal”, lake Baikal.
# John Vasquez

John A. Vasquez is an American political scientist and the Thomas B. Mackie Scholar in International Relations and Professor of Political Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He is a former president of International Studies Association.

## Books

* Vasquez, J. A. (2018). Contagion and War: Lessons from the First World War. Cambridge University Press.
* Levy, J. S., & Vasquez, J. A. (Eds.) (2014). The Outbreak of the First World War: Structure, Politics, and Decision-Making. Cambridge University Press.
* Vasquez, J. A. (2009). The War Puzzle Revisited. (Cambridge Studies in International Relations). Cambridge University Press.
* Senese, P. D., & Vasquez, J. A. (2008). The Steps to War: An Empirical Study. Princeton University Press.
* Vasquez, J. A. (1999). The Power of Power Politics: From Classical Realism to Neotraditionalism. (Cambridge Studies in International Relations). Cambridge University Press
# Tubipora chamissonis

Tubipora chamissonis is an organ coral in the family Tubiporidae. It was first described in 1834 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, from a specimen collected near Radack Island (in the Marshall Islands).
# Donington Grand Prix

The Donington Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at the Donington Park circuit in Leicestershire, England, from 1935 to 1938.
The Donington Grand Prix was held just four times, but quickly rose to prominence as one of the most important races in Europe. A fifth race was planned for 1939 but was cancelled due to the start of World War II.

## Winners

| Year | Driver | Constructor | Report |
| 1935 | Richard Shuttleworth | Alfa Romeo | Report |
| 1936 | Hans Rüesch Richard Seaman | Alfa Romeo | Report |
| 1937 | Bernd Rosemeyer | Auto Union | Report |
| 1938 | Tazio Nuvolari | Auto Union | Report |
| 1939 | Race cancelled due to World War II | Race cancelled due to World War II | Race cancelled due to World War II |

## History

The first edition of the Donington Grand Prix took place on 5 October 1935. Circuit renovations were undertaken in preparation for the event, these included improving the spectator lot, installing loud speakers, and erecting new bridges at Coppice-lane, Redgate Corner and the Starkey Hairpin.
The 1939 edition of the race was originally scheduled for 30 September, with Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union cars scheduled to enter, but was cancelled on 8 September due to World War II. The circuit was closed in 1939 due to the war, when it was requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence and was converted into a military vehicle depot.

### Post-war

The circuit reopened in 1977. The Donington Grand Prix Collection was created at the circuit which included cars from the Pre-war races, including a 1939 Auto Union car, which did not compete at the circuit, but did mark the first time that an Auto Union car had returned to the circuit following the 1938 Grand Prix. Historic races were organised for 1979 and 1980, these included Pre-war events to commemorate the early Donington Grand Prix races.
The circuit returned to hosting Grand Prix racing with the one-off 1993 European Grand Prix.

## Legacy

Although not considered an official British Grand Prix, the Donington Grand Prix is widely regarded as being on a similar level of importance. It was the only major international Grand Prix held in the United Kingdom during the 1930s, and paved the way for the United Kingdom's rise to international prominence in Grand Prix Racing after the second World War.
# Doninger v. Niehoff

Doninger v. Niehoff, 527 F.3d 41 (2d Cir. 2008) was a United States Court of Appeals case. The case was heard by a three-judge Second Circuit panel that included Judges Sonia Sotomayor, Loretta A. Preska, and Debra Livingston. The case involved a student at Lewis S. Mills High School in Connecticut who was barred from the student government after she called the superintendent and other school officials "douchebags" in a LiveJournal blog post written while off-campus that encouraged students to call an administrator and "piss her off more". Judge Livingston held that the district judge did not abuse his discretion in holding that the student's speech "foreseeably create[d] a risk of substantial disruption within the school environment," which is the precedent in the Second Circuit for when schools may regulate off-campus speech On October 31, 2011, the United States Supreme Court declined to grant certiorari on Ms. Doninger's appeal.

## Criticism

Although Sotomayor did not write this opinion, she has been criticized by some who disagree with it.
# Küçük Tavşan Adası

Küçük Tavşan island (literally "little rabbit island") is a Turkish island located in the Aegean Sea north of Gölköy, in Bodrum.
# Dorcasomus delegorguei

Dorcasomus delegorguei is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1845.
# Könüllü

Könüllü (also, Kënyullyu) is a village and municipality in the Shamkir Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 4,019.
# LIG4 syndrome

LIG4 syndrome (also known as Ligase IV syndrome) is an extremely rare condition caused by mutations in the DNA Ligase IV (LIG4) gene. Some mutations in this gene are associated with a resistance against multiple myeloma and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Severity of symptoms depends on the degree of reduced enzymatic activity of Ligase IV or gene expression. Ligase IV is a critical component of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism that repairs DNA double-strand breaks. It is employed in repairing DNA double-strand breaks caused by reactive oxygen species produced by normal metabolism, or by DNA damaging agents such as ionizing radiation. NHEJ is also used to repair the DNA double-strand break intermediates that occur in the production of T and B lymphocyte receptors.
As DNA ligase IV is essential in V(D)J recombination, the mechanism by which immunoglobulins, B cell and T cell receptors are formed, patients with LIG4 syndrome may have less effective or defective V(D)J recombination. Some patients have a severe immunodeficiency characterized by pancytopenia, causing chronic respiratory infections and sinusitis. Clinical features also include Seckel syndrome-like facial abnormalities and microcephaly. Patients also have growth retardation and skin conditions, including photosensitivity, psoriasis and telangiectasia. Although not present in all, patients may also present with hypothyroidism and type II diabetes and possibly malignancies such as acute T-cell leukemia. The clinical phenotype of LIG4 syndrome closely resembles that of Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS).
# Doris Blackwell

Winifred Doris Blackwell (1 May 1891 – 14 January 1983) was an Australian memoirist. She was the co-writer of Alice on the Line.

## Life in the Northern Territory

Doris Blackwell was the eldest daughter of Thomas Bradshaw and Atalanta "Attie" Bradshaw. Thomas Bradshaw served as postmaster and officer-in-charge of the Alice Springs Telegraph Station from 1899 to 1908.
Blackwell was born in 1891 in Adelaide, South Australia. At the age of 8, Blackwell and her family moved to Stuart (now Alice Springs) where her father worked at the Alice Springs Telegraph Station. The journey was long and difficult, consisting of a train ride to Oodnadatta followed by a 300-mile buggy ride, making camp along the way.
Blackwell remembered this journey as the "greatest adventure of her young life", although the novelty soon wore off. She said:
   In all that vast land there was not one fence, or any track other than the one we used. But we knew that civilisation was ahead of us, for we followed the slender iron poles supporting the two wires of the Overland Telegraph line - the reason for our journey. The line stretched ahead interminably, so far that we could not distinguish the poles from one another where they ran into the horizon.
Upon their arrival, Blackwell soon found herself enjoying life in Alice Springs, saying that "Alice's tranquil charm converted all of us to her side". She would ride out daily on her horse to explore her surroundings. Because there was no established school in the area, her mother employed a governess and set up a schoolroom next door to the staff dining room which doubled as a courtroom, her father acting as the local magistrate.
The family employed several governesses throughout their time in Alice Springs, notably Mabel Mary Taylor. The family also employed a number of Aboriginal Australians within their household, with Blackwell recalling:
   The native staff included a rather elastic number of houseboys, shepherds, cows and sheep, hewers of wood and carriers of water, scullery maids for the staff kitchen, two housemaids and a nurse girl in our home.
One significant figure in this time was Amelia Kunoth, the grandmother of Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, who worked as a companion and nurse for the children. She was left heartbroken when the family left in 1908. She requested to come with them; but the Bradshaw's denied her request, believing that it would be a mistake to take her away from her people and her land. Kunoth and Blackwell would continue to write to each other for much of their lives.

## Later life

Despite leaving Alice Springs at the age of 18, it is said that Blackwell never lost the "spell of the Inland". In 1922 she married Alex Blackwell, a World War I veteran who had served as a stretcher-bearer in Europe alongside her brother, Mort.
In the 1960s Blackwell worked with journalist Douglas Lockwood to write Alice on the Line, about her family's life on the old telegraph line, which was first published in 1965.
She died on 14 January 1983 in Adelaide, and is buried in Brighton (Saint Jude) cemetery.
# Doryteuthis ocula

Doryteuthis ocula, commonly known as the bigeye inshore squid, is a species of squid in the family Loliginidae. It is also known as Loligo ocula. It is found in the Caribbean Sea, and the Western Atlantic around Cuba. It is found in depths between 250m and 360m from the surface.

## Anatomy

D. ocula has a blunt mantle, with rounded rhomboidal fins. It is a small-sized squid, with a mantle length up to 127mm. It has robust tentacles, clubs expanded.
# Dorcadion glaucum

Dorcadion glaucum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Faldermann in 1837. It is known from Azerbaijan and Iran.

## Subspecies

* Dorcadion glaucum glaucum Faldermann, 1837
* Dorcadion glaucum lassallei Lazarev, 2015
* Dorcadion glaucum murzinianus Lazarev, 2015
# Dorcadion glabrofasciatum

Dorcadion glabrofasciatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Karl Daniel in 1900. It is known from Turkey.
# Dorcadion gorbunovi

Dorcadion gorbunovi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Mikhail Leontievich Danilevsky in 1985. It is known from Armenia and Azerbaijan.

## Subspecies

* Dorcadion gorbunovi gorbunovi Danilevsky, 1985
* Dorcadion gorbunovi rubenyani Lazarev, 2014
# Dorcadion confluens

Dorcadion confluens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1866. It is known from Turkey.
# La Barceloneta (La Vansa i Fórnols)

La Barceloneta is a locality located in the municipality of La Vansa i Fórnols, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 7.

## Geography

La Barceloneta is located 146km northeast of Lleida.
# Kőhalmi

Kőhalmi is a Hungarian surname which comes from Kőhalom ("mound of rocks"), the Hungarian name of Rupea, a town in Romania. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emese Kőhalmi (born 2002), Hungarian canoeist
* Gábor Kőhalmi (born 1955), Hungarian footballer
# Kōhaku maku

A kōhaku maku (紅白幕, red and white curtain) is a type of decorative fabric panel used on various occasions in Japan. The fabric takes its name from its design of vertical red and white stripes, which is known as kōhaku. Kōhaku maku panels are hung from a red and white striped rope.
Kōhaku maku are hung against walls on to give a festive appearance on formal occasions such as graduation ceremonies, but are also used on less formal occasions such as outdoor tea ceremonies and hanami flower viewing picnics to mark off or decorate spaces.
A type of fabric with a similar pattern in black and white is used for wakes.
# La Ciudad (archaeological site)

La Ciudad is a Hohokam people archaeological site in Phoenix, Arizona, excavated by Frank Midvale 1929–1936. It is covered today by St. Luke's Medical Center. Much of the archaeological material in the Heards' collection at the Heard Museum came from the La Ciudad Indian ruin, which the Heards purchased in 1926 at 19th and Polk streets.
# Dora Werzberg

Dora Werzberg Amelan (5 September 1920 – 1 April 2020) was a French nurse and social worker. In 1942, she rescued Jewish children through Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE). She worked in the Camp de Rivesaltes and the Gurs internment camp, and took care of children who had survived the Nazi concentration camps. She died during the COVID-19 pandemic due to complications brought on by COVID-19.

## Biography

Werzberg was born in Strasbourg, the daughter of Karl Werzberg and Gisèla Blum, who were Jewish emigrants from Poland. The family moved to Antwerp when Werzberg was ten, and stayed until the death of her mother and the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany. She then joined a Zionist youth movement.
Werzberg had two sisters, Manda, who died of sepsis in 1942, and Simone Ben David, who died in Israel at age 86. Her cousins included Georges Loinger and Marcel Marceau. Werzberg went to the German Kommandantur to obtain papers to flee to the south of France. Her father was unable to obtain the papers, but fled to the Zone libre illegally. There, the Werzbergs settled in Limoges, where her extended family was located.
Werzberg worked for the OSE, the Camp de Rivesaltes, and, lastly, the Gurs internment camp until its closure in November 1943.

## Distinction

* Knight of the Legion of Honour (2016)
# Kəsəmən, Samukh

Kəsəmən (also, Kesaman) is a village and municipality in the Samukh Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 447.