OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jolly Darkie Target Game

The Jolly Darkie Target Game was a game developed and manufactured by the McLoughlin Brothers (now part of Milton Bradley Company) which was released in 1890. It was produced until at least 1915. Other companies produced similar games, such as Alabama Coon by J. W. Spear & Sons.

## Description

The objective of the game was to throw a wooden ball into a bullseye, the "gaping mouth" of the target in cardboard decorated using imagery of Sambo and that could open and close. It was one of many products and media of late 19th century in the United States depicting African Americans as "beasts" and associating the black male face Sambo images with racial slur terms such as "coon", "darky", "nigger", and "pickaninny". Among these was another Milton Bradley game, Darky's Coon Game. The term "darkie" referred to the "exaggerated physiognomic features" depicting black people and associated with minstrel shows. In the book Ceramic Uncles & Celluloid Mammies: Black Images and Their Influence on Culture, Patricia Turner reported that she had heard of a black man sitting outside a theatre preceding a minstrel show, with his mouth open and children throwing balls into it for entertainment. The Cuban poet and journalist José Martí witnessed a similar scene at Coney Island and wrote about it.
It was one of many games produced at the time with a theme involving violence against black people, who were "encountering growing hostility" throughout the United States. The game depicted "a symbolic form of violence" that reinforced the servitude of black people. Another game with a more obvious theme of violence was "Hit the Dodger! Knock him Out!". It was also one of the objects produced at the time featuring a mouth and "black ingestion" as a stereotype of African Americans, such as the watermelon stereotype, also exemplified by the "Jolly Nigger Bank" into which coins are inserted into a mouth-shaped slot. The target consumer for the game was white people, who bought it for their children. These games and images reinforced "an encompassing theme of domination" by white people and subordination of black people. Turner states that such products reflected means by which "American consumers found acceptable ways of buying and selling the souls of black folk" even after the abolition of slavery in the United States, and the use of black images in advertising "figured prominently in commodity capitalism".
Today, the game is considered a collector's item. It is part of collectable black memorabilia, consisting of objects such as dolls, toys, and postcards that include those that are offensive or racist, even the "most contemptible examples" of such works. By 1993, there were about 50,000 black memorabilia collectors in the United States, about 70% of whom were African Americans.
# Hallı, İskilip

Hallı is a village in the İskilip District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 138 (2022).
# Haitian least gecko

The Haitian least gecko (Sphaerodactylus asterulus) is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae . It is endemic to Haiti.
# Hall of Flames

Hall of Flames is the first compilation album released by German power metal band Edguy in 2004. This album covers tracks from albums released by AFM Records.
The first disc serves as a compilation of songs since 1997. The second contains many rare tracks in both exclusive singles (the audio portion of the "La Marche des Gendarmes" music/video single) and live tracks.

## Track listing
### Disc One

* "Tears of a Mandrake" (Single Version) - 5:00 (from "Mandrake)
* "Jerusalem" - 5:28 (from "Mandrake")
* "Out of Control" - 5:03 (from "Vain Glory Opera")
* "The Headless Game" - 5:29 (from "Theater of Salvation")
* "Scarlet Rose" - 5:11 (from "Vain Glory Opera")
* "Nailed to the Wheel" - 5:40 (from "Mandrake")
* "Vain Glory Opera" - 6:10 (from "Vain Glory Opera")
* "Theater of Salvation" - 12:24 (from "Theater of Salvation")
* "Key to My Fate" (2000 Version) - 4:33 (from the re-recording of "The Savage Poetry")
* "Deadmaker" - 5:18 (from "Kingdom of Madness")
* "Land of the Miracle" - 6:32 (from "Theater of Salvation")
* "Until We Rise Again" - 4:28 (from "Vain Glory Opera")
* "The Unbeliever" - 5:47 (from "Theater of Salvation")

### Disc Two

* "The Devil and the Savant" - 5:29 (from the limited edition of "Mandrake")
* "Wings of a Dream" (2001 Version) - 5:06 (from the single "Painting on the Wall")
* "For a Trace of Life" - 4:11 (Japanese bonus track from "Theater of Salvation")
* "But Here I Am" - 4:35 (from "Vain Glory Opera")
* "La Marche des Gendarmes" - 2:48 (from French edition of "Mandrake")
* "Avantasia" (Live) - 5:26 (from "Burning Down the Opera")
* "Walk on Fighting" (Live) - 5:18 (Japanese bonus track from "Theater of Salvation")
* "Wake up the King" (Live) - 6:14 (Japanese bonus track from "Burning Down the Opera")
* "All the Clowns" (Music Video)
* "The Headless Game" (Live video) - 8:46

## Personnel

* Tobias Sammet - Vocals, Bass (Disc 1: tracks 5, 7, 10, 12 - Disc 2: track 4)
* Tobias 'Eggi' Exxel - Bass (Disc 1: tracks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13 - Disc 2: tracks 1-3, 5-8)
* Jens Ludwig - Lead Guitar (All tracks)
* Dirk Sauer - Rhythm Guitar (All tracks)
* Felix Bohnke - Drums (Disc 1: tracks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13 - Disc 2: tracks 1-3, 5-8)
* Dominik Storch - Drums (Disc 1: track 10)
* Frank Lindenthal - Session Drums (Disc 1: tracks 3, 5, 7, 12 - Disc 2: track 4)
# Frank Stukus

Frank Stukus (1918 – 2001) was a Canadian football fullback and a Grey Cup champion.
Only 19 years old when he joined his brothers with the Toronto Argonauts, Stukus won a Grey Cup in 1938. He played three seasons with the Boatmen, playing 18 regular season and 7 playoff games. Though suffering with a long time knee injury, he played in the Ontario Rugby Football Union with the Toronto Indians and the Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers. He finished his career the Toronto Indians, buying the team and playing two more seasons.
Frank was one of three noted Stukus brothers: both Annis Stukus and Bill Stukus also were the Grey Cup champions. While with the Argonauts all three played in the backfield at the same time, and won the Grey Cup together in 1938.
Stukus later became active in the Progressive Conservative Party. He died in July 2001, aged 83, pre-deceased by his first wife Anna and his son Frank Jr., and survived by wife Audrey, daughter Maureen and grandchildren Robert and Anna.
# Jones's roundleaf bat

Jones's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros jonesi) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to southern West Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, savanna, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, rocky areas, and caves and other subterranean habitats.

## Taxonomy

The holotype was collected by T. S. Jones of the Sierra Leone Department of Agriculture in Makeni in 1947. Upon further examination of the holotype at the British Museum by Hayman, it was recognized as a distinct species. The bat was subsequently named after T. S. Jones.
It belongs to the bicolor species group.

## Description

It is a small microbat with a noseleaf and large ears. Both sexes are similar in appearance. It is grayish-brown with an orange phase. The hairs are fine, dense, and silky, and the mid-dorsal hairs are 10-11 mm in length. The dorsal pelage is grayish-brown to a dirty brown. The dorsal hairs are dark gray and gray at the tip. The ventral pelage is lighter, and the ventral hairs are pale gray or brown with a whitish tip. The dorsal pelage on the orange phase is tawny-orange to cinnamon. The wings and the interfemoral membrane are a dark gray in color.
It has a noseleaf with enlarged internarial septum, which partly conceals the nostrils. The noseleaf also has one lateral leaflet on each side, with the frontal sac being absent. The noseleaf is longer than it is broad. The posterior component is elongated, and divided into 4 cells by two prominent lateral septa and one weak middle septum. The upper margin of the noseleaf is strongly curved and is sub-triangular in outline. The anterior component is hairy and broad, covering the muzzle. The internarial septum is pad-like and greatly enlarged, forming a transversely oval disc which partly conceals the nostrils. The bat also lacks an anal sac.
The bat has very large and separated ears. The ears are around 45-60 % of the forearm length, which is relatively long. The ears are broad, sub-triangular, and pointed in shape with only a faint concavity in outer margin below tip. Each ear has 11 internal folds, with the antitragus possessing a distinct fold.

## Biology

The bat is insectivorous.

## Habitat and distribution

The species has been recorded in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The species roosts in small groups of several dozen individuals. It is known to roost in caves, boulder caves, true caves, and mine shafts. The bat's range extends through a wide variety of habitats, such as tropical moist forest, arid Sahel vegetation, and from lowland areas into montane regions. It has been recorded up to an elevation of 1350 m.

## Conservation

The species has been assessed by the IUCN as near-threatened. It faces threats from degradation of roosting habitat in caves, and may also be threatened by subsistence hunting. The bat's population also depends on the availability of caves as day-roosts. It is not protected by any laws or international agreements, and the presence of the species in protected areas is not known.
# Hamilton Park (Waterbury, Connecticut)

Hamilton Park is the oldest city park in Waterbury, Connecticut. Founded in 1898 as a gift from the locally prominent Hamilton family, it offers both passive and active recreation, with ballfields and other amenities. It is located on 93 acres (38 ha) southeast of downtown Waterbury, accessed via entrances on East Main Street. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

## Description and history

Hamilton Park consists of 93 acres of rolling terrain, bounded on the north by East Main Street, the west by Silver Street Expressway and the Mad River the south by the river and Interstate 84, and the east by Idylwood Avenue, Plank Road, and a residential area. It is entered via a formal entrance at Hamilton Park Road and East Main Street, and a secondary entrance at Idylwood Avenue and East Main Street. The easternmost section of the park is a relatively unimproved wooded area which serves as a bird sanctuary. The western and southern sections are more intensively developed, with formal athletic fields and passive open fields to the south, and several structures in the northwestern parts. The structures include a building built as a dance pavilion but now housing the Seven Angels Theater, and the Liberty House, so named because it was where Liberty Bonds were sold during World War I. Near the center is a small pond, which once served as a swimming hole. At the southern and southeastern edge of the park, abutting Interstate 84, are foundational and archaeological remnants of the Waterbury Brass Mill, the site of one of the city's first brass works.
The park's origin was in the 1898 gift of 45 acres (18 ha) of land by Mrs. David Hamilton in memory of her late husband, owner of a silver factory in the city. The park's design and growth is largely the work of Robert Cairns, a city engineer, and George C. Walker, the city's first park superintendent. Early features of the park included a swimming pool and zoo. The park was expanded north of Plank Road in 1915 with a gift of land from Carolyn Pratt, also from a family that owned a local metal factory, and then in 1916 to the east of Idylwood Avenue with a land gift from Goss family; the latter gift stipulated its use as a bird sanctuary.
# Hamam, Kumlu

Hamam (also spelled Hammam or Hemame) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Kumlu, Hatay Province, Turkey. Its population is 272 (2022).
# Hamaland

Hamaland (also Hameland) was a medieval Carolingian vassal county in the east of the modern-day Netherlands. Its name originated from the former Chamavi inhabitants that merged into the newly formed confederation of Franks. It is located east of the river IJssel and south of Salland (the original homeland of the Frankish Salii) and Twente (the original homeland of the Germanic Tuihanti). Hamaland and the Chamavi had since late antiquity been ruled by independent kings, before being subdued by the Carolingian Franks.

## History

From the 9th century there was a Duchy of Hamaland, the rulers of which owned large parts of the middle, east and north of what is now the Netherlands. The same family also owned a large part of German Münsterland and more southerly estates, probably around Nassau. When the ruling Counts died out Hamaland became one of the core areas of the Dukes of Guelders, and thus became part of the Duchy of Guelders. Other lineages of the Hama-family became prominent in the Duchy of Cleve and the Bishoprics of Utrecht and Münster.
Nowadays Hamaland is part of the Dutch province Gelderland.
# Joji Ohara

Jōji Ohara (小原 譲治, Ohara Jōji, 27 September 1902 – 24 June 1990) was a Japanese cinematographer.

## Career

Born in Tokyo, Ohara entered the Kamata section of the Shochiku film studios in 1924 and was promoted to cinematographer in 1927. Ohara helped establish the modern touch of the studio's cinematography at Kamata together with Bunjirō Mizutani and Mitsuo Miura, and is known for the soft tone of his images. He regularly worked for director Heinosuke Gosho on films like The Dancing Girl of Izu, Burden of Life and An Inn at Osaka.
Ohara later worked at Tokyo Hassei Eiga, Toho, Shintoho, and Daiei Film, and shot films for directors such as Akira Kurosawa, Yasujirō Ozu, Kenji Mizoguchi, Kōzaburō Yoshimura, Masahiro Makino and Shōhei Imamura. In 1954, he received the Mainichi Film Award for Best Cinematography for his work on The Valley Between Love and Death and The Cock Crows Twice.

## Selected filmography

* The Dancing Girl of Izu (1933)
* Somniloquy of the Bridegroom (Hanamuko no negoto) (1935)
* Burden of Life (Jinsei no onimotsu) (1935)
* Woman of the Mist (Oboroyo no onna) (1936)
* The New Road (Part one) (Shindō zenhen) (1936)
* The New Road (Part two) (Shindō kōhen) (1936)
* Ahen senso (1943)
* The Most Beautiful (1944)
* The Munekata Sisters (1950)
* Portrait of Madame Yuki (1950)
* An Inn at Osaka (Osaka no yado) (1954)
* Non-chan Kumo ni Noru (1955)
* Takekurabe (1955)
* Kisses (1957)
* Endless Desire (1958)
# Hanna Nasser

Hanna Nasser (1937 – 5 July 2015) was the mayor of Bethlehem from 1997 to 2005, being succeeded by Victor Batarseh. Nasser was a Palestinian Christian.
# Seiko DS-250

The DS-250 was an electronic keyboard manufactured in 1985 by Seiko and was considered a commercial failure. It was capable of generating both digital and additive sounds. It is expandable with two expander units DS-310 and DS-320.

## Features

The unit used additive synthesis for sound generation, chorus and ports included MIDI In, Out and Through, RCA outputs (stereo), Headphones and level controls for both channels. It also has on board speakers. It is capable of running either a single sound or two sounds at once, either layered or split, and each of these can be used on its own MIDI channel (there are small dials on the end of the keyboard to set each channel).
There are 16 preset sounds and these are all editable within a very limited context of volume, sustain (3 levels) and a variable vibrato (with vibrato delay switch). You can change the detune and pitch intervals between the two layered sounds.

## DS1000 sequencer

A MIDI 1000 note sequencer called the DS1000 was also produced for use with the DS-250 (and other MIDI devices) in 1986. It had four buttons Record, play, stop and pause, a tempo slider.

## Famous Users

* Jean-Michel Jarre First Rendez-vous and Last Rendez-vous (Ron's piece) from the album Rendez-Vous.

## Sounds

Mostly known for its pad and bell type sounds.
# Trepobates becki

Trepobates becki is a species of water strider in the family Gerridae. It is found in Arizona and southern California in the United States, south throughout much of Mexico.
# Lois J. Schiffer

Lois J. Schiffer (born February 22, 1945) is an American attorney who served as the United States Assistant Attorney General for the Environment and Natural Resources from 1993 to 2001.
# Nerys Johnson

Nerys Ann Johnson (5 October 1942 – 12 June 2001) was a Welsh artist and art curator.

## Early life and education

Johnson was born at Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, and raised in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, the daughter of Howard and May Johnson. She spent much of her childhood in the hospital with complications from rheumatoid arthritis, a lifelong condition. She studied painting and art history at Kings College, Durham University.

## Career

Johnson was Keeper of Fine Arts the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle-upon-Tyne from 1967, and "keeper in charge" at the Durham Light Infantry Museum and Arts Centre from 1970 to 1989. In both sites, she curated exhibitions that critic Julian Spalding recalled as "fresh and original."
In retirement after 1989, she concentrated on her own art, often with very colorful floral subjects, and had several solo exhibitions.
Johnson's arthritis affected her art. As her impairment progressed, she painted on smaller canvases, to accommodate her reduced range of motion. "I am appalled when people see my painting as a hobby, and comment how relaxing it must be," she explained in 2000. "If they just knew how it takes every ounce of energy I've got, every atom of concentration."
She died in 2001, age 58. The Nerys Johnson Contemporary Art Fund is supported by the sale of her works, and makes grants to public galleries to purchase work by living artists. In 2011, the National Museum of Wales opened an exhibit of Johnson's works, to mark the tenth anniversary of her death. Another posthumous show was mounted in 2014, at the Martin Tinney Gallery in Cardiff.
# George Silver (actor)

George Silver (14 November 1916 – June 1984) was an English actor, born in London.
He was an actor, best known for The Meaning of Life (1983), Victor/Victoria (1982) and The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother (1975).
Because of his considerable body weight, Silver was often cast in parts where the preparation or consumption of food was a central activity, or where physical bulk was a major element of the characterisation. In Stephen Frears' 1971 'spoof-noir' thriller Gumshoe, his role was to play a modern approximation of the 1940s Sydney Greenstreet 'Fat Man' character.
Silver died in June, 1984.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1971 | Gumshoe | De Fries | |
| 1974 | Murder on the Orient Express | Orient Express Chef | Uncredited |
| 1974 | The Man with the Golden Gun | Fat Beirut Thug | Uncredited |
| 1975 | The Sweeney - Supersnout. S2 E3 | Yannos | |
| 1975 | The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother | Bruner | |
| 1977 | Jabberwocky | Bandit Leader | |
| 1980 | The Mirror Crack'd | Da Silva | ('Murder at Midnight') |
| 1982 | Victor/Victoria | Fat Man Eating an Eclair | |
| 1983 | The Meaning of Life | Diner Eating Howard the Fish | |
# Nina Vale

Nina Vale was an American actress and dancer, who had three leading roles in films of the 1940s, but stopped acting for unknown reasons.

## Early years

Vale was born in Boston as Anne Hunter. Because her parents objected to her desire to become an actress, she left home in her teenage years and went to New York City.

## Stage

Vale was a dramatics student of Benno Schneider in New York. Her work on stage there included acting in The Women. Later, she played a Russian sniper in a road-show production of Doughgirls. In 1948, she was in Joy to the World in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1949, she co-starred in a production of the comedy Reunion in Vienna.
In 1959, she was billed as Anne Hunter in a performance of Passion, Poison, and Petrifaction.

## Film

Vale's first film was The Gay Falcon for RKO Pictures.

## Dance

In New York, Vale danced in The Girl from Wyoming and was featured in a New Faces revue. She also danced in a Los Angeles production of the operetta Bittersweet.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1941 | The Gay Falcon | Elinor Benford | |
| 1945 | Cornered | Señora Camargo | |
| 1946 | Mysterious Intruder | Joan Hill - Gale's Secretary | (final film role) |
# Phanis

Phanis is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Phanis armicollis Fairmaire, 1893
* Phanis tanganjicae Breuning, 1978
# Plattekill Falls

Plattekill Falls is a waterfall located in the Catskill Mountains of New York. It is within Platte Clove on the Plattekill Creek.
# Plasmodium morulum

Plasmodium morulum is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium.
Like all Plasmodium species P. morulum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

## Description

This species was first described by Telford in 1970.

## Geographical occurrence

This species is found in Panama.

## Vectors

Not known.

## Clinical features and host pathology

This species infects the lizard Mabuya mabouya.
# Podlipa, Žužemberk

Podlipa (pronounced) is a small village in the hills north of Dvor in the Municipality of Žužemberk in southeastern Slovenia. The municipality is included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region and the wider area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola.

## Name

The name of the settlement was recorded as Tylia in 1318, Linden in 1398, and Pod lippo in 1507.
# Podlipci

Podlipci is a village in the municipality of Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 183.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 115 | 62.8% |
| Croats | 16 | 36.1% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 1.1% |
| Total | 183 | 100% |
# High Bullough Reservoir

High Bullough Reservoir is the oldest of all the reservoirs in the Rivington chain, having been authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1846 and completed in 1850. It was built for Chorley Waterworks by the engineer John Frederick Bateman, who had estimated the cost of the project while working for Edwin Chadwick's Towns Improvement Company, and had then acted as Engineer for the project. The outlet consisted of a pipe running through the dam, and supported by two masonry piers where it ran through the central clay puddle. The outlet valve was at the downstream end of the dam, and although this configuration is no longer thought to be good practice, there have been no serious issues with the reservoir throughout its operational life. The earth dam had a maximum height of 39 feet (12 m), was 988 feet (301 m) long and impounded 55 million imperial gallons (250 Ml) of water.
Popular with walkers, it forms part of the Anglezarke trail, although it is also accessible from Manor House. It was originally named Chorley Reservoir. There are a number of websites that state that High Bullough Reservoir is no longer used to supply drinking water, but the reservoir was still contained in a list of reservoirs in the Rivington Chain when United Utilities issued an application for a drought permit to reduce compensation flows to the River Yarrow in mid-2018.
A huge staircase, made from timber, was created between the reservoir and nearby Manor House. Known as Jacob's Ladder, the remains can be seen on the east side of the water.
# Platyptilia daemonica

Platyptilia daemonica is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Ethiopia.