OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edith Buchanan

Edith Buchanan (born Mary Edith Mckay) was a Canadian nurse who devoted her professional career to the development of nursing education in India. She is considered a pioneer who laid the foundation for nursing research and doctoral education in the field of nursing in India.

## Professional career

Buchanan worked as a Sister-Tutor at the Lady Hardinge Medical College Hospital in Delhi. In 1943, she was appointed as Vice-Principal at the School of Nursing Administration in New Delhi. When the College of Nursing, New Delhi (now Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing)was established in 1946, she became its Vice-Principal. In 1958 on the retirement of Margaretta Craig, Buchanan was appointed the Principal. She retired from service in 1964 and returned to Canada where she lived until her death in 2003.

## Awards and honors

Florence Nightingale Medal by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1959.
# Nigel Fisher

Sir Nigel Thomas Loveridge Fisher, MC (14 July 1913 – 9 October 1996) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

## Early life

Son of naval officer Sir Thomas Fisher and Aimée Constance, daughter of Walter Loveridge, of Oaken, Staffordshire, Fisher was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was in the Welsh Guards of the British Army during World War II, serving as a major in northwest Europe. He was awarded the Military Cross on the field in 1945. He became a partner in a London firm of surveyors.

## Parliamentary career

Fisher contested Chislehurst in 1945. He was Member of Parliament for Hitchin from 1950 to 1955, and for Surbiton from 1955 to 1983 – preceding Richard Tracey. He was parliamentary private secretary to Gwilym Lloyd George from 1951 and a junior minister for the Colonies from 1962 to 1963, and for Commonwealth Relations and the Colonies from 1963 to 1964.
Fisher wrote in 1973 the first biography of his close friend, the Tory statesman, Iain Macleod. Like Macleod, Fisher was on the liberal wing of the Tory party, opposing capital punishment and supporting homosexual law reform. He was one of two Conservative MPs who refused to vote for the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and one of fifteen who voted against the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968.

## Family

In 1935, Fisher married Lady Gloria Vaughan, daughter of Ernest Edmund Henry Malet Vaughan, 7th Earl of Lisburne, and had two children. Their son Mark Fisher was a Labour Party MP. He and his first wife divorced in 1952, and in 1956 he married erstwhile Ulster Unionist Party MP Patricia Ford. He was knighted in the 1974 New Year Honours "for political and public services." By his mother's second marriage to the Liberal politician Sir Geoffrey Shakespeare, 1st Baronet, Fisher was half-brother of the medical practitioner Sir William Geoffrey Shakespeare, 2nd Baronet, whose son is the sociologist and bioethicist Tom Shakespeare.
# Nicolas Maurice Arthus

Nicolas Maurice Arthus (/ɑːrˈtjuːs/, 9 January 1862 – 24 February 1945) was a French immunologist and physiologist. The Arthus reaction, a localized inflammatory response, is named after him.
Arthus was born on 9 January 1862 in Angers, France. He studied medicine in Paris and received his doctorate in 1886. In 1896 he became Professor of Physiology at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He returned to France to work at the Pasteur Institute in 1900, and later taught at the Ecole de Médecine de Marseilles (currently integrated in the University of the Mediterranean). In 1907, he was appointed to the Chair of Physiology at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, where he remained for twenty-five years. He died in Fribourg on 24 February 1945.
Apart from the reaction named after him, Arthus is best known for his work on anaphylaxis. He also studied snake venom and the role of calcium in the coagulation of blood.

## Selected bibliography

Bibliography:
* Nouvelle théorie chimique de la coagulation du sang. With Calixte Pages. Archives de physiologie normale et pathologique, Paris, 1890, 5th ser., 2: 739-746. First demonstration of the essential role of calcium in the mechanism of blood coagulation.
* Coagulation des liquides de l'organisme (sang, lymphe, transsudats). Paris 1894.
* Précis de chimie physiologique. Paris 1895; 10th edition, 1924,
* Nature des enzymes. Paris 1896.
* Précis de physiologie. Paris 1901; 7th edition, 1927.
* Injections répétées de serum du cheval zhez le lapin. Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie, Paris, 1903; 55: 817-820.
* La physiologie. Paris 1920.
* De l'anaphylaxie à l'immunité; anaphylaxie, protéotoxies, evenimations, anaphylaxie-immunité, sérums antivenimeux. Paris, Masson, 1921. 363 pages. Paris 1921.
* Philosophy of scientific investigation; preface to De l'anaphylaxie à l'immunité, Paris, 1921. Translated from the French with an introduction by Henry E. Sigerist. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1943, 26 pages. Also in: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore, 1943; 3. v.14.
* P. Nolf, N. M. Arthus, et al.: Hommage à Léon Fredericq, professeur de physiologie à l’Université de Liége. Liége, 1938. 79 pages.
* (with Calixte Pagès) Nouvelle théorie chimique de la coagulation du sang, Archives de physiologie normale et pathologique, Paris, 5th ser., 2 (1890), 739–746.
* Éléments de chimie physiologique, Paris: G. Masson, 1895.
* Eléments de physiologie, Paris: Masson, 1902.
* Injections répétées de serum du cheval chez le lapin, Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et ses filiales, Paris, 55 (1903), 817–820.
* Précis de physiologie microbienne, Paris: Masson, 1921.
# Uwe Ronneburger

Uwe Ronneburger (23 November 1920 – 1 October 2007) was a German politician from the Free Democratic Party.
He was from 1980 to 1983 Chairman of the Committee on Intra-German Relations, from May to December 1990 Chairman of the Defence Committee of the German Bundestag. From 1976 to 1982 he was also deputy national chairman of the FDP. He also was a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein between 1975 and 1980.
# Eupithecia intolerabilis

Eupithecia intolerabilis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in China (Yunnan).
# Edie Lambert

Edie Lambert (born November 26, 1968) is a well-known TV journalist in the Sacramento region. She anchors the 5:00 pm, 6:00 pm, and 11:00 pm newscasts on KCRA.

## Career

Lambert joined KCRA in July 1995 as a reporter and morning anchor. Later she became the weekend anchor with Ron Jones (now at KOVR), until 2002. Then she anchored with Kevin Riggs on the weekend evening editions of the newscast. In early 2006, she switched positions to anchor the 6:00pm and 11:00pm newscast with John Alston. She is now teamed up with Gulstan Dart.
Lambert graduated from the University of California at Santa Barbara with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. She credits her father with giving her the advice to follow her passions, which would later lead to finding her path. She is involved with many non-profit organizations, including a domestic violence shelter and a breast cancer research and education organization. She serves on the Board of Directors of the Sacramento Press Club. Prior to joining KCRA she worked at KEYT-TV as an evening anchor and reporter. Lambert says her motivation to fight cancer comes from her aunt, who was diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in the late 1970s, and her father, who was treated for a sarcoma in his leg using chemotherapy that had initially been developed to fight breast cancer. Lambert's sister and brother-in-law both work at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Lambert has won a number of awards, including an Emmy for a documentary on breast cancer. She has consistently been selected as Sacramento Magazine's reader's choice for best local reporter and then best anchor.

## Personal life

Both of Lambert's parents are marine biologists; her mother has discovered and named six new species of tunicates and has authored or co-authored 66 papers; her father, Charles, was a noted embryologist and professor emeritus at California State University, Fullerton. Although she was well-traveled when younger, following her parents on numerous scientific expeditions, Lambert credits Friday Harbor, Washington as her hometown.
Lambert currently resides in Sacramento with her husband, Lloyd E. Levine whom she married on September 21, 2008, and they have two children. Lambert and Levine, then the Assemblymember from California's 40th Assembly District, met on a flight from Seattle to Sacramento in November 2005. Her first daughter was born in 2010. Lambert's second daughter was born two weeks before the birth of the daughter of Kellie DeMarco, her co-anchor, in 2014.
# SSEAL

SSEAL may refer to:
* Swiss Laboratory Animal Science Association, see Life Sciences Switzerland
* South-Southeast Asia Library of the University of California, Berkeley Libraries (Berkeley, California)
# SSEC

SSEC can refer to:
* IBM SSEC, an electromechanical calculator in the 1940s
* Sarnia Sports & Entertainment Centre, Ontario, Canada
* Secondary Schools Examinations Council, British body 1917-1963
* Shri Shankaracharya Engineering College, an engineering college in Chhattisgarh, India
* Society for the Study of Early Christianity at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia
* South Seas Evangelical Church, in the Solomon Islands
* Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
* SSE Composite Index, Shanghai Stock Exchange index
* Stepping Stone Educational Centre in Port Harcourt, Rivers State
# First cat

First cat may refer to:
* Certain cats associated with national governments:
** United States presidential pets, which have included cats
** Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office in the United Kingdom
** Think Think and Ah Tsai, two cats owned by Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen
* The domestication of the cat
* Proailurus, the first member of the cat family
# Edmund Webster

Edmund Webster may refer to:
* Edmund A. Webster, Secretary of State of Alabama
* Edmund Foster Webster, British civil servant of the Indian Civil Service
# Vaigai Dam

The Vaigai Dam is built across the Vaigai River near Andipatti, in the Theni district (Madura district, before British India) of Tamil Nadu, South India. Near the dam, the Government of Tamil Nadu has constructed an Agricultural Research Station to research the cultivation of various crops, including rice, sorghum, black gram, cowpea and cotton.

## History

Vaigai Dam was inaugurated on 21 January 1959 by the then Chief Minister K. Kamaraj. It is one of the few dams not constructed between two mountains, so this dam completely depends on its concrete strength. The dam is the lifeline of farmers in six districts, namely Theni, Dindigul, Madurai, Sivagangai, Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram. It provides water for irrigation in these districts and also serves as a source of drinking water for major cities such as Theni, Madurai, and Ramanathapuram, which lie along its riverbed.

## Capacity

Vaigai Dam measures 111 feet in height and can store water up to 71 feet, with a total storage capacity of 6,143 million cubic feet or 6.14 thousand million cubic feet.

## Maintenance

Vaigai Dam is maintained by Water Resources Department which in turn managed by the Tamil Nadu Public Works Department.

## Vaigai Dam Park

A small park that has a children’s play area is maintained on both sides of the dam. A small bridge connects the two sides of the park in front of the dam. A musical dancing fountain functions between 6:00 AM and 8:00 PM on weekends and during government holidays.

## Vaigai Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant

Vaigai Hydroelectric Power Plant was design capacity of 6 MW. It has 2 unit(s) of 3 MW each. The first unit was commissioned in 1990. It is operated by Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO).

## Upcoming developments

Vaigai Dam is one of the 104 dams in Tamil Nadu that is proposed to be improved under the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project ( DRIP).

## Transportation

By Road:The dam is situated at 9 km from Andipatti, 14 km from Theni and 70 km from Madurai.
By Train:The nearest railway station is Andipatti Railway station which is located 10 km away from the dam.
By Air:The nearest airport is Madurai Airport(IXM) which is 80 km away from the Dam. Air connectivity is available from Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Vijayawada. International connectivity is available to Colombo, Dubai and Singapore.

## Gallery

* Vaigai Dam at Twilight
* Vaigai Dam in the Daylight
* Vaigai dam closeup
* Vaigai dam Full view
* Vaigai dam backwater reservoir
* Vaigai dam sideview
* Aerial view
# VTX

VTX may refer to:
* Honda VTX Series, a line of V-twin Honda cruiser motorcycles
* Vertex Resource Group (TSX-V symbol: VTX), a publicly-traded environmental services company
* VTX, a cost-reduced version of the RealityEngine 3D graphics hardware architecture
* VTX, a graphics subsystem of the SGI Onyx series of visualization systems
* x86 virtualization (also VT-x), the use of hardware-assisted virtualization capabilities on an x86/x86-64 CPU
# VPS11

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VPS11 gene.

## Function

Vesicle mediated protein sorting plays an important role in segregation of intracellular molecules into distinct organelles. Genetic studies in yeast have identified more than 40 vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) genes involved in vesicle transport to vacuoles. This gene encodes the human homolog of yeast class C Vps11 protein. The mammalian class C Vps proteins are predominantly associated with late endosomes/lysosomes, and like their yeast counterparts, may mediate vesicle trafficking steps in the endosome/lysosome pathway.

## Interactions

VPS11 has been shown to interact with VPS18, VPS33A and STX7.
# Saadani Mint Khaytour

Saadani Mint Khaytour is a deputy in the government of Mauritania. Mint Khaytour is a member of the Parliament of Mauritania.
In May 2022, Khaytour was ejected from the National Rally for Reform and Development (Tewassoul) party after vocally disagreeing with their stance on women’s rights and slavery in Mauritania.
She later joined the ruling Equity (Insaf) party. In both, she has been active in working to increase protections for women in the country.
# Eduard Prugovečki

Eduard Prugovečki (March 19, 1937 – October 13, 2003) was a Canadian physicist and mathematician of Croatian-Romanian descent.
Prugovečki was born in Craiova, Romania to a Romanian mother, Helena (née Piatkowski), and Croatian father, Slavoljub. He completed the first four years of secondary education in Bucharest, before his family was forced to relocate to Zagreb in 1951, due to an anti-Yugoslav campaign by the communist authorities. He finished high school there and proceeded to study physics at the University of Zagreb, getting his diploma in 1959. He joined the Department of Theoretical Physics at the Institute Ruđer Bošković in Zagreb, where he worked as a research assistant until 1961.
In 1961, as the best student of his generation in Zagreb, Prugovečki was sent to Princeton University, New Jersey, United States. He wrote his doctoral thesis under the direction of theoretical physicist Arthur Wightman, and earned his PhD from Princeton in 1964. In 1965, he moved to Canada, where he first spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Edmonton, Alberta, and then a year as a lecturer at the University of Alberta.
He taught mathematical physics at the University of Toronto from 1967 to 1997. In 1974, he spent one year as a visiting professor at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Marseille, France. Around 1986 he resigned from his membership in the International Association of Mathematical Physics.
His research interests were quantum field theory, unification of theory of relativity and quantum theory and quantum gravity. He introduced the concept of informational completeness.
In 1998 he retired to live in Honey Harbour, Ontario. Prugovečki died at the age of 66 at his home at Lake Chapala, Mexico.
# Val Walker

Valentine Augustus Walker (15 February 1890 – 17 March 1969) (also known as Val A Walker and Val Enson) was an English magician, escape artist and illusion designer. He was born in Moseley, Birmingham to Joseph Walker, a landscape gardener, and his wife Emma. Val Walker worked as an electrical apparatus maker, later serving in the Royal Navy and was billed as the "Wizard of the Navy". Walker is credited as the designer of the Radium Girl illusion. His most famous escape was "The Tank in the Thames" where he was bolted into a steel tank lowered into the river Thames from the Sea-Scout Training Ship, Northampton on 20 August 1920. He escaped in 20 seconds. He was married in 1913 to Ethel Dora Harris, the daughter of Thomas Daniel Harris and his wife Emma Ellson. He retired from the stage in 1924, returning briefly in 1939, under the name of 'Val Enson', with an illusion called "The Aquamarine Girl".
# Val Werier

Valentine Werier, CM OM (June 29, 1917 – April 22, 2014) was a Canadian journalist for the Winnipeg Free Press and prior to its closing in August 1980, The Winnipeg Tribune. Werier was honoured with the Order of Manitoba in 2004 and the Order of Canada. He was born in Winnipeg in 1917.
Werier died at the age of 96 on April 22, 2014.
# Polly Hill Arboretum

The Polly Hill Arboretum includes 8 ha (20 acres) under cultivation, with an additional 16 ha (40 acres) of native woodland, located on Martha's Vineyard at 809 State Road, West Tisbury, Massachusetts, United States. It has been developed since 1958 by the horticulturist Polly Hill, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
In 1687, Henry Luce, one of the first English settlers on Martha's Vineyard purchased 400 acres (1.6 km$^2$) of land in the island's center from the natives. In 1926, 16 ha (40 acres) of this land, then a sheep farm, were acquired by Hill's family. After her father's death, Hill decided to create an arboretum in 1958, growing the trees from seed. Through purchase of adjacent land, the property was increased to a total of 24 ha (60 acres). The Arboretum's administrative offices are housed in a building dating from the 1670s. Other historic structures on the property include the Far Barn (circa 1750) with its attached Slaughterhouse, the Cow Barn (a private residence), and the adjacent "Gym".
The Arboretum now contains North Tisbury azaleas, witch-hazels, winter hazels, camellias, magnolias, stuartias, conifers, and deciduous and evergreen hollies, and incorporates a dogwood avenue and a pleached hornbeam arbor. Polly Hill plant introductions include varieties of Cornus kousa, Ilex, Stewartia, and about forty Rhododendrons. Polly Hill also contains several Araucaria araucana, commonly called monkey puzzle trees, which are endangered in their native Argentina and Chile.
# Pachyella

Pachyella is a genus of fungi in the family Pezizaceae. It was circumscribed by Jean Louis Émile Boudier in 1907.
# GW 123.4-1.5

Galactic Worm 123.4-1.5 (GW 123.4-1.5) is an H I region with a mass of approximately 10$^5$ M$_{Sun}$. It has an unusual mushroom-shaped structure that may be the result of having been formed by an infalling cloud slamming through the disc of the Milky Way from the other side. The high-velocity cloud in question is theorized as having hit at around 100 km/s, 5×10$^7$ years ago.
# Valine—pyruvate transaminase

In enzymology, a valine-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.66) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    L-valine + pyruvate $\rightleftharpoons$ 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-valine and pyruvate, whereas its two products are 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate and L-alanine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the transaminases, which transfer nitrogenous groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-valine:pyruvate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include transaminase C, valine-pyruvate aminotransferase, and alanine-oxoisovalerate aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis.
# Louk Hulsman

Lodewijk Henri Christian Hulsman, known as Louk Hulsman (8 March 1923 in Kerkrade – 28 January 2009 in Dordrecht) was a Dutch legal scientist and criminologist.

## Life

According to Hulsman, his childhood and adolescence were marked by the time he spent in a religious boarding school that left him traumatized. After graduating from school Hulsman was involved in a resistance movement during World War II. In 1944 he was convicted of using counterfeit identification papers and imprisoned at the Amersfoort concentration camp. While being transferred to Germany he successfully escaped. After returning to the Netherlands he joined the Allied troops as a soldier during the last weeks of the Second World War. Hulsman later recalled how some members of his resistance movement had stolen weapons and clothing even from other Allied troops during the war.
From 1945 to 1948 Hulsman studied jurisprudence at Leiden University. After his exams he first worked for the Dutch Ministry of War and later for the Dutch Ministry of Justice. In 1963 he became a professor for criminal law and criminology at the Netherlands School of Economics, the later Erasmus University Rotterdam (emeritus 1986). He is a main author of the Council of the European Union’s influential report on decriminalization.
He last lectured at the Academia Vitae in Deventer.
Together with Nils Christie and Thomas Mathiesen he is a prominent representative of the prison abolition movement.

## Publication & Articles (selection)

* Louk H.C. Hulsman/Jacqueline Bernat de Celis (1982): Peines Perdues. Le système pénale en question. Paris.
* Louk H.C. Hulsman (1983): Abolire il sistema penale?, in: Dei delitti e delle pene 1, pg.71-89.
* Louk H.C. Hulsman (1986): Critical Criminology and the Concept of Crime, in: Contemporary Crises, 10 (3-4), pg.63-80.
* Liber Amicorum Louk Hulsman: Social problems and criminal justice (1987), Juridisch Instituut, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
* Louk H.C. Hulsman (1991): The Abolitionist Case: Alternative Crime Policies, in: The Israel Law Review 25 (2-4), pg.681-709.
# Jim Bulling

James Bulling (born 12 February 1909) was an English professional footballer who played as a wing-half. He made appearances in the English Football League for Leicester City and Wrexham.