OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Garleton Hills

The Garleton Hills, in East Lothian, Scotland, are a range of igneous hills, to the north of Haddington.

## Geography

Although Skid Hill, the highest point of the range, is only 610 feet (190 m), the hills are conspicuous throughout the county. The western spur is crowned by the Hopetoun Monument to John, 4th Earl of Hopetoun, who commanded the British Army in the Peninsular War, after the death of Sir John Moore at Corunna. Barnes Castle is built on south, while Garleton Castle is on the north slopes.

## Geology

The Garleton Hills create an obvious ridge, from the top of the ridge there are wide views over the lower lying areas of East Lothian. The hills are made up of layers of igneous rocks from the Carboniferous which show differing resistance to erosion. In some places the volcanic rocks are both overlaid and underlaid with sandstones. In the volcanic sequence of the hills there is hard basalt lying over trachytic lavas. Glacial erosion has varied according to the variations in the resistance of the rocks. The trachytes slope to the south south east and have been moulded into cuestas, or volcanic trap steps, by the ice. There is a steep north facing scarp with a short dip slope lying to the south of the scarp. The flow of ice and meltwater along the strike of the ridge has eroded furrows and channels. Around the village of Athelstaneford there is a rock basin which has been partly gouged out of the softer basalts.
The hills are designated by Scottish Natural Heritage as a Geological Conservation Review site (nr. 1155) and as Site of Special Scientific Interest by the British Geological Survey as Site of Special Scientific Interest (code of the site: 671).
# Gandoi

Gandoi is a town and union council of Dera Bugti District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It has an altitude of 250 metres (823 feet).
# Herr Pastor

Herr Pastor is a stereotypical authoritarian pastor in an ethnic German congregation. Herr Pastor, literally "Mister Pastor" in German, was a title often used even in English-speaking congregations with German heritage, such as Lutheran or Evangelical and Reformed Church.
The leadership style of the Herr Pastor was, to some degree, a benevolent dictatorship in the sense that the Herr Pastor held supreme decision-making authority. Depictions of the Herr Pastor often characterise him as humorless.
# William Preston (poet)

William Preston (1753 – 2 February 1807) was an Irish poet, playwright and essayist.

## Life

Born in the parish of St. Michan's, Dublin, he was admitted a pensioner at Trinity College Dublin in 1766. He graduated B.A. in 1770, and M.A. in 1773, studied in the Middle Temple, and was called to the Irish bar in 1777. At one point he was Commissioner of Appeals.
Preston assisted in the formation of the Royal Irish Academy, and was elected its first secretary in 1786, a post he held during the rest of his life. He also helped to found the Dublin Library Society, and was a contributor to its Transactions.
Preston, who was a member of the Monks of the Screw, died on 2 February 1807. He was buried in St. Thomas's churchyard, Dublin.

## Works

Preston wrote occasional poetry for periodicals—including The Press, the organ of the United Irishmen, and the Sentimental and Masonic Magazine, 1794—and he contributed to Pranceriana (1784) a collection of satirical pieces on John Hely-Hutchinson, provost of Trinity College, and to Joshua Edkins's collection of poems (1789–90 and 1801).
His main success was his tragedy Democratic Rage, based on incidents in the French Revolution. It was produced at Dublin in 1793, and ran through three editions in as many weeks. Other works were:
* Heroic Epistle of Mr. Manly … to Mr. Pinchbeck, satire (anon.), Dublin, 1775.
* Heroic Epistle to Mr. Twiss, by Donna Teresa Pinna y Ruiz, a satire, Dublin, 1775; 2nd edit. Dublin, 1775.
* Heroic Answer of Mr. Twiss, by the same, a satire, Dublin, 1775. These two works were aimed at Richard Twiss.
* 1777, or a Picture of the Manners and Customs of the Age, poem (anon.), Dublin, 1778?
* The Female Congress, or the Temple of Cottyto, mock-heroic poem in four cantos, London, 1779
* The Contrast, or a Comparison between England and Ireland, poem, 1780.
* Offa and Ethelbert, or the Saxon Princes, tragedy, Dublin, 1791.
* Messina Freed, tragedy, Dublin, 1793.
* The Adopted Son, a tragedy.
* Rosmanda, a tragedy, Dublin, 1793.
* Democratic Rage, a tragedy, London, 1793.
* Poetical Works, 2 vols. Dublin, 1793.
* The Siege of Ismail, a tragedy, Dublin, 1794.
* A Letter to Bryan Edwards, Esq. … on some Passages of his "History of the West Indies", London, 1794.
* The Natural Advantages of Ireland, Dublin, 1796.
* The Argonautics of Apollonius Rhodius, translated into English verse with notes, 1803 (various other editions).
* Some Considerations on the History of the Ancient Amatory Writers and the comparative Merits of the Elegiac Poets, Dublin? 1805?
* Posthumous Poems, edited by Hon. Frances Preston, with portrait, Dublin, 1809.
# Guido Kroemer

Guido Kroemer (born 11 June 1961) is a cell biologist who has made contributions to the understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell death. He is a member of multiple scientific academies in Europe and is one of the most highly cited authors in cell biology.

## Biography

Kroemer was born in Leer, Germany. He completed medical school at the University of Innsbruck in Austria and earned a Ph.D. in biology from the Autonomous University of Madrid. Early in his career, Kroemer worked for the Spanish National Research Council. Now based in France, he is a cell biology researcher with INSERM and a Professor of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris Descartes University. Kroemer first discovered the fact that mitochondrial membrane permeabilization is a concrete step in the process of programmed cell death.
In a publication analysis by the news magazine Lab Times, Kroemer was the most highly cited cell biologist for the period between 2007 and 2013. Three other scientists who had worked at Kroemer's lab were also highly ranked in the analysis. In 2007, Kroemer was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the national academy of Germany. The same year, he received the organization's Carus Medal. He was named a fellow of the European Academy of Sciences in 2010. In 2012, he won the Leopold Griffuel Prize from the French ARC Foundation for Cancer Research. In 2017, he won the Charles Rodolphe Brupbacher Prize and the Prize «Lombardia è Ricerca» 2019. Kroemer is the editor-in-chief of the journal Cell Death & Disease.
Kroemer's wife, Laurence Zitvogel, is a medical oncologist at the Institut Gustave Roussy and they collaborate on cancer research.
# Gurgamoya

Gurgamoya (Kharosthi: 𐨒𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨒𐨨𐨆𐨩 Gu-rga-mo-ya, Gurgamoya) was a king of the Kingdom of Khotan in the 1st century CE.
His coins were usually made of bronze and included legends in Kharosthi and Chinese. The Kharoshthi describes the title of the king, while the Chinese give the weight of the coin. The Kharoshti points to relations with northern India, which at that time was ruled by the Kushan Empire, with its powerful ruler Kujula Kadphises, who was also known by the Chinese.
Gurgamoya is thought to have ruled circa 30-60 CE.

## Coins

* Coin of Gurgamoya, king of Khotan. Khotan, 1st century CE. Obv: Kharoshthi legend "Of the great king of kings, king of Khotan, Gurgamoya. Rev: Chinese legend: "Twenty-four grain copper coin".
* Copper coin of the Tarim Basin, area of Hotan, 1st-2nd century CE. Obv:: Chinese characters: LUH (六) TCHU TSIEN "Six tchu (of) money" Rev:: Depiction of a horse. Prakrit legend in Kharoshthi script: GUGRAMAYA.
* Gurgamoya coin. Obverse in Kharoshthi: "Of the great king king of Khotan Gurgamoya". Reverse in Chinese: "6 grains coin".
# Eutelsat 117 West A

Eutelsat 117 West A, formerly Satmex 8, is a geostationary communications satellite operated by Eutelsat. Previously operated by Satmex, it was launched by a Proton-M/Briz-M rocket in March 2013 to replace Satmex 5, and is being used to provide communication services to North, Central and South America, with broadband, voice and data transmission, and video broadcasting services. The satellite was transferred from Satmex to Eutelsat when the companies merged in 2014, being renamed as part of the Eutelsat fleet in May 2014.

## Specifications

The satellite is model SSL 1300E and carries twenty four C band transponders operating with 36 MHz and forty transponders in the K$_u$ band operating with 36 MHz.
# Paragigagnathus tamaricis

Paragigagnathus tamaricis is a species of mite in the family Phytoseiidae.
# Líbano, Argentina

37°31′S 61°18′W﻿ / ﻿37.517°S 61.300°W﻿ / -37.517; -61.300
Líbano is a town located 34 km south from the city of General Lamadrid in Buenos Aires Province. Its name comes from its founding family, Libano Elorrieta.
# 19-Norandrosterone

19-Norandrosterone, also known as 5α-estran-3α-ol-17-one, is a metabolite of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) and bolandione (19-norandrostenedione) that is formed by 5α-reductase. It is on the list of substances prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency since it is a detectable metabolite of nandrolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS). Consumption of androstendione products contaminated with traces of bolandione may also result in testing positive for nandrolone.
Traces of 19-norandrosterone may be naturally present in human urine. An experiment conducted on athletes showed that after a prolonged intense effort, the 19-norandrosterone concentration can be increased by a factor varying between 2 and 4, but another study failed to replicate the result. Concentration also increases in the urine of female athletes during menstruation. The consumption of edible parts of a non-castrated pig, containing 19-nortestosterone, has been shown to result in the excretion of 19-norandrosterone in the following hours, so athletes should prudently avoid meals composed of pig offal in the hours preceding doping tests. Consumption of boar meat, liver, kidneys and heart also increased 19-norandrosterone output.
# William of Hereford

William of Hereford, Baron Abergavenny was a holder of the feudal lordship of Abergavenny in the Welsh Marches in the mid twelfth century.

## Lineage

William of Hereford was a son of Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford and his wife Sybil de Neufmarche, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarché of Brecon.
His brothers were Mahel of Hereford and Walter of Hereford.

## Offices

He was made King's Constable of the region and succeeded to the title of Baron Abergavenny about 1164.

## Death

William of Hereford died as a result of injuries sustained from falling masonry during a fire at Bronllys Castle near modern Talgarth, Powys in 1166. He died without issue.
# Guillermo Benítez

Guillermo Benítez is the name of:
* Guillermo Benítez (footballer, born 1993), Argentine-born Paraguayan footballer
* Guillermo Benítez (footballer, born 1999), Panamanian footballer
# Gurdev Singh Gill (physician)

Gurdev Singh Gill OBC (28 November 1931 – 17 December 2023) was an Indian-born Canadian physician, community leader, and activist. He was recognized as Canada's first medical doctor of Indian origin. As a community advocate, he furthered many issues relevant to the Indo-Canadian community.
Gill received the Order of British Columbia in 1990, and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012, in recognition of his services.

## Early life

Gurdev Singh Gill was born on 28 November 1931 in Kharoudi, a village in the state of Punjab Province, British India, to Gurbachan and Dilbag Singh Gill. He had three siblings. Gill came to North America in 1949, first landing in Pasadena, California where his grandfather was, and later traveling to Seattle in a train. He then went to Duncan on Vancouver Island where his father lived, by ferry. He first worked in a paper mill. After completing grade 12, he enrolled in the University of British Columbia's medical school. There, he co-founded the East India Student Association and also served as the group's first secretary. In 1957, he became the first Indo-Canadian to graduate from the school.

## Career

Gill started his own practice in New Westminster, British Columbia, after graduating from UBC's medical school. In doing so, became the first South Asian and Indian to practice medicine in Canada. In a career spanning over forty years, he also served as a staff member at many hospitals in the region including St. Mary's, Royal Columbian Hospital, and the Queen's Park Care Center.
Gill was also the founder of the East Indian Welfare Society, where he advocated on issues of the Indo-Canadian community, including support for various family reunification efforts and the recognition of foreign educational credentials. He also served as the president of the Khalsa Diwan Society in Vancouver and led the fundraising efforts for relocating the society's Gurdwara from Kitsilano to its new location in Ross Street in Vancouver. He was a founding member of the Indo-Canadian Friendship Society which led village improvement projects in Punjab, India, including set up of waste water treatment plants, enabling access to safe drinking water, and providing local schools with computers.
Gill's received the Order of British Columbia in 1990 in its inaugural year, making him the first Indo-Canadian to receive this honour. Some of the other recipients of that inaugural year included musician Bryan Adams and businessman Jim Pattison. He received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. In addition, he also received UBC's Global Citizenship Alumni Achievement Award in 2013, and the UBC MAA Wallace Wilson Leadership Award in 2018.

## Personal life and death

Gill married Narinder Kaur in 1958. The couple had two children. He later married Jasinder Kaur after his first wife's death. He had four grandchildren and one great-grandson.
Gill died in Chandigarh, India, on 17 December 2023, at the age of 92.
# Stilbosis antibathra

Stilbosis antibathra is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1914. It is found in Pretoria, South Africa.
This species has a wingspan of 11–13 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous with a broad, pale, ochreous fascia near the base.
# Eutelsat 115 West B

Eutelsat 115 West B (previously Satmex 7) is a communications satellite that is operated by Eutelsat, providing video, data, government, and mobile services for the Americas. The satellite was designed and manufactured by Boeing Space Systems, and is a Boeing 702SP model communication satellite. It is located at 115 degrees west longitude. It was launched on board a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on 2 March 2015 (UTC time).
The satellite is solely propelled by electrically powered spacecraft propulsion, with the onboard thrusters used for both geostationary orbit insertion and station keeping.
The satellite had a launch mass of 4,861 pounds (2,205 kg). It is notable for being the first commercial communications satellite in orbit to use electric propulsion, providing a significant weight savings. Eutelsat 115 West B was launched with another Boeing 702SP satellite, ABS-3A, on the same rocket.
Eutelsat 115 West B is planned to be the first in a family of four satellites in the Eutelsat constellation. The satellite was scheduled for entry into service in November 2015, but entered service a month earlier than expected, in October 2015.

## Launch

The launch occurred on March 2, 2015, at 03:50 UTC and the satellite has been deployed in the planned supersynchronous transfer orbit.
The launch is also notable for being the first flight of Boeing's stacked satellite configuration for the Boeing 702SP, a configuration Boeing designed specifically to take advantage of the SpaceX Falcon 9 v1.1 capabilities.

## On-orbit operations

The sister-satellite 702SP from the same launch—ABS-3A—became fully operational as a geosynchronous communications satellite by 10 September 2015 after a handover from Boeing to ABS for on-orbit operations on 31 August 2015, approximately one month earlier than planned. A press release on 15 October 2015 stated that Eutelsat 115 West B has started providing service.
# Shravan Chhabria

Shravan Chhabria (Hindi: श्रवण) is an Indian Bollywood television actor.

## Career

Shravan Chhabria started a career in modeling with Elite Agency in Mumbai at the age of 19. He then played a role in Prashant Chhadha's film Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye opposite newcomer Mahima Chaudhry. After two years, he was given another break by Chhadha in Aap Kaa Surroor as the sidekick of Himesh Reshammiya. Shravan has since starred in a few TV serials and become a poker player.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Other Notes |
| 2001 | Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi | | |
| 2005 | Kuchh Meetha Ho Jaye | Rahul | Nominated, Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut |
| 2007 | Aap Kaa Surroor | Shravan Kumar | |
| 2008 | Mr. Black Mr. White | | |
# 19-Norcholestane

19-Norcholestane is a 26-carbon (C26) sterane.
# Gary Wetzel

Gary George Wetzel (born September 29, 1947) is a former United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in the Vietnam War.

## Military career

Wetzel joined the United States Army from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at age 18 in 1965. By January 8, 1968, he was a private first class serving as a door gunner in the 173rd Assault Helicopter Company. On that day, near Ap Dong An, Republic of Vietnam, his helicopter was shot down and the survivors, including Wetzel, came under heavy enemy fire. Severely wounded by an explosion that nearly severed his left arm, he continued to man his machine gun and help other injured soldiers. Wetzel survived his wounds, although his left arm had to be amputated. He was subsequently promoted to specialist four and awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions.

## Personal life

Wetzel lives in his hometown of South Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and works as a heavy equipment operator.

## Medal of Honor citation

Wetzel's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   Sp4c. Wetzel, 173d Assault Helicopter Company, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life. above and beyond the call of duty. Sp4c. Wetzel was serving as door gunner aboard a helicopter which was part of an insertion force trapped in a landing zone by intense and deadly hostile fire. Sp4c. Wetzel was going to the aid of his aircraft commander when he was blown into a rice paddy and critically wounded by 2 enemy rockets that exploded just inches from his location. Although bleeding profusely due to the loss of his left arm and severe wounds in his right arm, chest, and left leg, Sp4c. Wetzel staggered back to his original position in his gun-well and took the enemy forces under fire. His machine gun was the only weapon placing effective fire on the enemy at that time. Through his own resolve he overcame the shock and intolerable pain of his injuries, Sp4c. Wetzel remained at his position until he had eliminated the automatic weapons emplacement that had been inflicting heavy casualties on the American troops and preventing them from moving against this strong enemy force. Refusing to tend to his own extensive wounds, he attempted to return to the aid of his aircraft commander but passed out from loss of blood. Regaining consciousness, he persisted in his efforts to drag himself to the aid of his fellow crewman. After an agonizing effort, he came to the side of the crew chief who was attempting to drag the wounded aircraft commander to the safety of a nearby dike. Unswerving in his devotion to his fellow man, Sp4c. Wetzel assisted his crew chief even though he lost consciousness once again during this action. Sp4c. Wetzel displayed extraordinary heroism in his efforts to aid his fellow crewmen. His gallant actions were in keeping with the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
# William Reierson Arbuthnot

William Reierson Arbuthnot (28 January 1826 – 31 May 1913) was a British businessman and legislator primarily operating in Madras.

## Early life

William Reierson Arbuthnot was born at 14 Upper Wimpole Street, London, on 28 January 1826 to George Arbuthnot, of Elderslie, Surrey, and Elizabeth, daughter of Donald Fraser. The Arbuthnots were landowners and merchants of the Haddo-Rattray estate, Aberdeenshire, in Scotland for the previous two generations, and were formerly of Peterhead in that county. George Arbuthnot worked for 22 years (1800–23) as a merchant in Madras, and was a magistrate, before retiring to England and acquiring Elderslie; he also resided at Upper Wimpole Street in London during the winter.

## Career

Arbuthnot served as a member of the Madras Legislative Council from 1861 to 1864 and 1866 to 1870. He worked with Arbuthnot & Co and was Chairman of the Bank of Madras, and the Chamber of Commerce of Madras. He was also Director of Commercial Union Insurance Co and of the Midland Bank Ltd.

## Personal life

On 9 December 1858, Arbuthnot married Mary Helen Anstruther, the eldest daughter of Philip Anstruther, the Colonial Secretary of Ceylon. They lived at Plawhatch, Sussex, and had eight sons and six daughters; one of their sons, Major Kenneth Wyndham Arbuthnot (1873–1915), of the Seaforth Highlanders, was father of the politician Sir John Arbuthnot, 1st Baronet, of Kittybrewster.
# Pennulituba

Pennulituba is a genus of monogeneans belonging to the family Ancyrocephalidae (sometimes considered as belonging to the Dactylogyridae).

## Etymology

The generic name is derived from the Latin pennula ("winglet") and tuba ("tube"), referring to the male copulatory organ being characterized by a wing-shaped membrane.

## Host and Species

The two known species of the genus are parasitic on the gills of the yellowfin goatfish Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Mullidae) and were collected in the waters of the Pacific Ocean off New Caledonia.
The following species are considered valid according to WorRMS:
* Pennulituba cymansis Řehulková, Justine & Gelnar, 2010
* Pennulituba piratifalx Řehulková, Justine & Gelnar, 2010 (type-species)