OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Schutzhaftlagerführer

Schutzhaftlagerführer (head of the "preventive detention camp") was a paramilitary title of the SS, specific to the concentration and extermination camps Totenkopfverbande ("Death's-Head units"). A Schutzhaftlagerführer was in charge of the economic function of the camp. Usually, there was more than one SS man performing that function at each location due to their enormous size. Schutzhaftlagerführers received orders from the central offices in Berlin, such as DEST run directly by the SS. Prisoners' lives were entirely in their hands. Their orders, which usually involved routine maltreatment of condemned victims, were carried out through "assignments" so they would not have to deal with the dead resulting from them.
The Schutzhaftlagerführer and his adjutant were responsible for the operation of the camp. The Schutzhaftlagerführer had to maintain order, take care of daily routines, roll calls and so on. Under him were the Rapportführer, the Arbeitseinsatzführer and the Oberaufseherin (if there was a women's camp). They were directly responsible for order in the camp and they assigned prisoners to the outside work details. The Blockführer, each of whom was responsible for one or more barracks, were subordinate to them.
Notable people :
| Name | Highest SS rank attained | US/UK equivalent rank | Concentration camp |
| Hans Aumeier | SS-Sturmbannführer | Major | Auschwitz I |
| Georg Bachmayer | SS-Hauptsturmführer | Captain | Mauthausen |
| Hermann Baranowski | SS-Oberführer | Senior colonel | Dachau |
| Hermann Campe | SS-Obersturmführer | | Natzweiler-Struthof, Bergen-Belsen |
| Karl Fritzsch | SS-Hauptsturmführer | Captain | Auschwitz, Flossenbürg |
| Otto Harder | SS-Untersturmführer | Second lieutenant | Ahlem |
| Franz Hössler | SS-Obersturmführer | First lieutenant | Auschwitz, Mittelbau-Dora, Bergen-Belsen |
| Karl-Otto Koch | SS-Standartenführer | Colonel | Lichtenburg |
| Josef Kramer | SS-Hauptsturmführer | Captain | Natzweiler-Struthof |
| Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller | SS-Obersturmführer | First lieutenant | Auschwitz |
| Alexander Piorkowski | SS-Sturmbannführer | Major | Dachau |
| Wilhelm Ruppert | | | Dachau, Majdanek |
| Albert Sauer | | | Sachsenhausen |
| Wilhelm Schitli | SS-Hauptsturmführer | Captain | Neuengamme |
| Wolfgang Seuß | SS-Hauptscharführer | | Natzweiler-Struthof |
| Günther Tamaschke | SS-Standartenführer | Colonel | Dachau |
| Anton Thumann | SS-Obersturmführer | First lieutenant | Gross-Rosen, Majdanek, Neuengamme |
| Jakob Weiseborn | SS-Sturmbannführer | Major | Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald |
| Egon Zill | SS-Sturmbannführer | Major | Lichtenburg, Dachau, Buchenwald |
# FC Soualiga

FC Soualiga is a professional football club based in Philipsburg, Sint Maarten. Its men's team competes in the Sint Maarten Premier League. It also has a women's team.
* This Sint Maarten-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
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# Cora crispoleslia

Cora crispoleslia is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Bibiana Moncada, Jorge Alberto Molina, and Robert Lücking. The specific epithet crispoleslia combines the Latin word crispulus ("curly") with the middle name of mycologist David Leslie Hawksworth. The lichen occurs in the northern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador at elevations greater than 3,000 m (9,800 ft), where it grows as an epiphyte on paramo shrubs.
# Cydros leucurus

Cydros leucurus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1866. It is known from Colombia, French Guiana and Panama.
# Ryuji Watanabe

Ryuji Watanabe (渡邊 竜二, Watanabe Ryuji) is the general manager of the Toyotsu Fighting Eagles Nagoya in the Japanese B.League.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | G | W | L | W–L% | Finish | PG | PW | PL | PW–L% | Result |
| Toyotsu | 2007-08 | 16 | 14 | 2 | .875 | 2nd | 1 | 0 | 1 | .000 | 4th place |
| Toyotsu | 2008-09 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 1.000 | 1st | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.000 | JBL2 Champions |
| Toyotsu | 2009-10 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 1.000 | 1st | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.000 | JBL2 Champions |
| Toyotsu | 2010-11 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 1.000 | 1st | - | - | - | – | - |
| Toyotsu | 2011-12 | 27 | 24 | 3 | .889 | 1st | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.000 | JBL2 Champions |
| Toyotsu | 2012-13 | 32 | 22 | 10 | .688 | 3rd | - | - | - | – | 5th |
| Toyotsu | 2013-14 | 32 | 30 | 2 | .938 | 1st | 2 | 1 | 1 | .500 | Runners-up in NBDL |
| Toyotsu | 2014-15 | 32 | 30 | 2 | .938 | 1st | 2 | 1 | 1 | .500 | 3rd place |
| Toyotsu | 2015-16 | 36 | 32 | 4 | .889 | 1st | 2 | 1 | 1 | .500 | Runners-up in NBDL |
| FE Nagoya | 2016-17 | 60 | 42 | 18 | .700 | 2nd in B2 Central | - | - | - | – | - |
| FE Nagoya | 2017-18 | 60 | 39 | 21 | .650 | 1st in B2 Central | 4 | 0 | 4 | .000 | 4th in B2 |
| FE Nagoya | 2018-19 | 60 | 41 | 19 | .683 | 2nd in B2 Central | - | - | - | – | 5th in B2 |
# Franz Rauch

Franz Rauch (15 October 1878 – 23 May 1960) was a German screenwriter and actor. He began his career as a stage actor and worked as a screenwriter on over forty films during his career and appeared in several roles as an actor.

## Selected filmography

* Gypsy Blood (1920)
* Intrigue (1920)
* The Violin King (1923)
* Niniche (1925)
* Weekend Magic (1927)
* The White Spider (1927)
* The Page Boy at the Golden Lion (1928)
* When the Mother and the Daughter (1928)
* Marriage (1928)
* Robert and Bertram (1928)
* Hungarian Nights (1929)
* Queen of Fashion (1929)
* Youth of the Big City (1929)
* Gentlemen Among Themselves (1929)
* Foolish Happiness (1929)
* Flachsmann the Educator (1930)
* Rag Ball (1930)
* Errant Husbands (1931)
* My Heart Longs for Love (1931)
* Mrs. Lehmann's Daughters (1932)
* Theodor Körner (1932)
* The Black Forest Girl (1933)
* Light Cavalry (1935, French)
* Light Cavalry (1935, German)
* Carousel (1937)
# Nantucia

Nantucia is a village in Ancuabe District in Cabo Delgado Province in northeastern Mozambique.
# Ghafooriya Arabic College

The Ghafooriya Arabic College (GAC) is a college in Sri Lanka in the city of Maharagama. It offers six-years higher diploma level Arabic and Islamic courses. Students who complete the diploma here may choose to attend higher degrees abroad. The college was established in 1931 by N.D.H. Ghafoor Hajiar.
# Schutzjude

Schutzjude (German:, "protected Jew") was a status for German Jews granted by the imperial, princely or royal courts.
Within the Holy Roman Empire, except some eastern territories gained by the Empire in the 11th and 12th centuries (e.g. Brandenburg), Jews usually had the status of Servi camerae regis. This status included imperial protection and the levying of special taxes on the Jews for the Empire's treasury (Latin: camera regis). But the emperors, always short of money, alienated – by sale or pledge – their privilege to levy extra taxes on Jews, not all at once, but territory by territory to different creditors and purchasers. Thus Jews lost their – not always reliable – imperial protection.
Many territories that gained supremacy over the Jews living within their boundaries subsequently expelled them. After the general expulsions of the Jews from a given territory often only single Jews – if any at all – would be granted the personal privilege to reside within the territory. This personal privilege, documented by a Schutzbrief (writ of protection), a Geleitsbrief (writ of escort), or (in Brandenburg) a Patent, was sometimes inheritable by only one son (in rare instances, by all sons), and was sometimes uninheritable. Jews holding such a privilege were thus called Schutzjuden, vergeleitete Juden, or Patentjuden, as opposed to Jews who had no right of residence, who were known as unvergeleitete Juden. The latter were not allowed to marry, and might spend their life unmarried as a member of the household of a privileged relative or employer.
For example, in October 1763 King Frederick II of Brandenburg-Prussia granted Moses Mendelssohn, until then under protection by being employed by a Patentjude, a personal, uninheritable privilege, which assured his right to undisturbed residence in Berlin. His wife and children, who had no independent permission to reside, lost their status of family member of a Patentjude when Mendelssohn died in 1786. They were later granted multi-son inheritable Patents. In 1810 Stein's Prussian reforms introduced a freely inheritable Prussian citizenship for all subjects of the king, doing away with the different prior legal status of the Estates, such as the Nobility, the burghers of the chartered cities, the unfree peasants, the officialdom at the court, the Patent Jews, and the Huguenots.
# Leonurus quinquelobatus

Leonurus quinquelobatus is a herbaceous flowering plant native to Eurasia, where it is found from Sakhalin, Russia west to Italy and central Europe.
# Cyrtinus

Cyrtinus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Cyrtinus acunai Fisher, 1935
* Cyrtinus araguaensis Howden, 1973
* Cyrtinus beckeri Howden, 1960
* Cyrtinus bifasciatus Martins & Galileo, 2009
* Cyrtinus bordoni Joly & Rosales, 1990
* Cyrtinus eugeniae Fisher, 1935
* Cyrtinus farri Howden, 1960
* Cyrtinus fauveli (Cameron, 1909)
* Cyrtinus granulifrons Howden, 1970
* Cyrtinus hispidus Martins & Galileo, 2009
* Cyrtinus hubbardi Fisher, 1926
* Cyrtinus humilis Zayas, 1975
* Cyrtinus jamaicensis Howden, 1970
* Cyrtinus melzeri Martins & Galileo, 2009
* Cyrtinus meridialis Martins & Galileo, 2010
* Cyrtinus mockfordi Howden, 1959
* Cyrtinus mussoi Joly & Rosales, 1990
* Cyrtinus oakleyi Fisher, 1935
* Cyrtinus opacicollis (Bates, 1885)
* Cyrtinus penicillatus (Bates, 1885)
* Cyrtinus pygmaeus (Haldeman, 1847)
* Cyrtinus querci Howden, 1973
* Cyrtinus sandersoni Howden, 1959
* Cyrtinus schwarzi Fisher, 1926
* Cyrtinus striatus Joly & Rosales, 1990
* Cyrtinus subopacus Fisher, 1935
* Cyrtinus umbus Martins & Galileo, 2009
# Red Clay, Georgia

Red Clay is an unincorporated community in Whitfield County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

Red Clay was the site of Cherokee Indian seasonal gatherings in the 1830s. The community's name is an accurate preservation of the native Cherokee-language name Elawa'-Diyi, meaning "Red-earth place". A post office called Red Clay was established in 1840, and remained in operation until 1905.
# Ryuji Sonoda

Ryuji Sonoda (園田 隆二, Sonoda Ryūji, born September 16, 1973) is a Japanese judoka.
He was born in Ōmuta, Fukuoka, and began judo at the age of a first grader.
He won a gold medal at the -60 kg category of the Junior World Championships in 1992 and World Championships in 1993. After graduating from Meiji University, he entered the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.
Sonoda retired from competition in 2004. By 2009, he coached All-Japan women's judo team before announcing his resignation on January 31, 2013, following accusations of physical abuse by team members.
He married judoka Noriko Anno in 2010.
# List of years in Sudan

This is a timeline of History of Sudan. Each article deals with events in Sudan in a given year.

## Pre-1956

* Pre-1956

## Twentieth century
### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

### 1950s

    1950
    1951
    1952
    1953
    1954
    1955
    1956
    1957
    1958
    1959

### 1940s

    1940
    1941
    1942
    1943
    1944
    1945
    1946
    1947
    1948
    1949

### 1930s

    1930
    1931
    1932
    1933
    1934
    1935
    1936
    1937
    1938
    1939

### 1920s

    1920
    1921
    1922
    1923
    1924
    1925
    1926
    1927
    1928
    1929

### 1910s

    1910
    1911
    1912
    1913
    1914
    1915
    1916
    1917
    1918
    1919

### 1900s

    1900
    1901
    1902
    1903
    1904
    1905
    1906
    1907
    1908
    1909

## Twenty-first century
### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009
# Modestobacter

Modestobacter is a Gram-positive genus of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| Modestobacter M. multiseptatus Mevs et al. 2000 M. versicolor Reddy et al. 2007 M. lapidis Trujillo et al. 2015 M. muralis Trujillo et al. 2015 M. caceresii Busarakam et al. 2017 M. lacusdianchii Zhang et al. 2018 M. marinus Xiao et al. 2011 M. roseus Qin et al. 2013 M. italicus Montero-Calasanz et al. 2019 M. altitudinis Golińska et al. 2020 M. excelsi Golinska et al. 2021 | Modestobacter M. lapidis M. roseus M. versicolor M. altitudinis M. excelsi M. muralis M. italicus M. caceresii M. marinus |
# Kuttravali

Kuttravali (transl. Criminal) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed by Raja, starring Raghuvaran, Rekha and Charan Raj . It is a remake of the 1988 Hindi film Kaal Chakra. The film was released on 26 January 1989.

## Cast

* Raghuvaran
* Rekha
* Charan Raj
* Nizhalgal Ravi
* Madhuri

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Chandrabose.

## Release and reception

Kuttravali was released on 26 January 1989. The Indian Express wrote, "Kuttravali has all to do with murder (preferably on rainy nights), molestation (ditto) and mayhem, spiced with songs. A few good points linger".
# Osteocephalus buckleyi

Osteocephalus buckleyi, also known as Buckley's slender-legged treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found along the periphery of the Amazon Basin in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, northeastern Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, and also in the Orinoco Delta in Venezuela. It is probably a species complex. Some sources treat Osteocephalus vilmae from Ecuador and Peru as a valid species.

## Etymology

The specific name buckleyi honours Clarence Buckley, a collector active in Ecuador in 1880s and who collected the type series.

## Description

Males measure 38–45 mm (1.5–1.8 in) and females 40–51 mm (1.6–2.0 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is pale green with dark blotches. A yellow or coffee colored medial vertebral stripe might be present. The flanks vary from cream to light brown with darker spots that can approach black. In males, the dorsal skin has a mixture of small and large tubercles with keratinized points, whereas in adult females the dorsal tubercles are very dispersed. The head is almost as long as wide; the snout is truncated. The finger disks are expanded.

## Habitat and conservation

Natural habitats of Osteocephalus buckleyi are old and second growth rainforests and forest edges. It occurs at elevations below 700 m (2,300 ft) above sea level (below 1,660 m (5,450 ft) m in Colombia). Reproduction takes place in narrow permanent waterbodies (streams and igarapés). It can locally be threatened by habitat loss.
# Ray Young

Ray Young may refer to:
* Ray Young (executive) (born 1962), chief financial officer of Archer Daniels Midland Company
* Ray Young (politician) (1938–2000), member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly
* W. Rae Young (1915–2008), Bell Labs engineer, co-inventor of the cell phone
* Ray Young (footballer) (1934–2022), English footballer
* Ray Young (baseball), former Stanford Cardinal baseball coach
* Ray Young (actor) (1940–1999), American actor known from Genesis II, Chapter Two or Return of the Beverly Hillbillies
# Cyperus microbolbos

Cyperus microbolbos is a species of sedge that is found in northeastern Africa.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1901.
# Red Claw (novel)

Red Claw is a 2009 science fiction novel by British writer Philip Palmer.

## Plot

The plot follows Professor Richard Helms as he heads a team of scientists and soldiers sent to study and document all forms of life on the planet New Amazon. When this is done they will "terraform" the planet - destroy all life and make it fit for human habitation. The team comes under attack and Helms and his followers are forced to flee into the depths of the jungle, where they soon end up fighting for their lives.

## Literary significance and reception

The novel received mixed reviews. The Guardian reviewer wrote that "Palmer follows his much-praised debut, Debatable Space, with another riotous, wildly inventive space opera …crawling with over-the-top monsters and crazy biological dangers… Red Claw is that rare treat, an intelligent action adventure replete with intellectual rigour, human insight and superb storytelling."
A review in The Telegraph concluded that "This would make an ideal plot for a shoot ’em up computer game, but as literature it falls short."
# Eugster

Eugster may refer to:
* 5664 Eugster, a Main-belt Asteroid
* Eugster/Frismag, a Swiss producer of home appliances

## People with the surname

* Al Eugster (1909–1997), American animator, writer, and film director
* Arthur Eugster (1863–1922), Swiss politician of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
* Arthur Eugster (Scouting)
* Basil Eugster (1914–1984), Commander in Chief, UK Land Forces
* Hans Eugster (1929–1956), Swiss gymnast and Olympic Champion
* Hans P. Eugster (1925–1987), Swiss-American geochemist
# Chauhani railway station

Sarangpur railway station is a railway station on Indore–Gwalior line under the Bhopal railway division of West Central Railway zone. This is situated at Akya, Chauhanee in Shajapur district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
# Donald McMillan (Quebec politician)

Donald McMillan (1807 – July 15, 1876) was a Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented Vaudreuil in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative member.
He was born in Scotland in 1807, the son of Hugh McMillan, and came to Glengarry County in Upper Canada in 1823. He married Olympe Mongenais. McMillan later moved to Rigaud, where he sold flour and feed. He also served as lieutenant-colonel in the local militia. He died at Rigaud in 1876.
His son Hugh also later represented Vaudreuil in the House of Commons.

## Electoral record

vte1867 Canadian federal election: Vaudreuil :
| Party | Candidate | Votes |
| | Conservative | Donald McMillan | acclaimed |
| Source: Canadian Elections Database |||||||
# Osmakasaurus

Osmakasaurus (meaning "canyon lizard", ósmaka meaning "canyon" in the Lakota language) is a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur. It is a basal iguanodontian which lived during the Early Cretaceous period (Valanginian age) in what is now Buffalo Gap of South Dakota, United States. It is known from the Chilson Member of the Lakota Formation. This genus was named by Andrew T. McDonald in 2011 and the type species is O. depressus.

## Discovery and naming

The holotype, USNM 4753, was discovered by Nelson Horatio Darton in 1896 within a layer of the Lakota Formation. The type species O. depressus was previously referred to as Camptosaurus depressus, and was first described in 1909 by Charles W. Gilmore. It was assigned to the genus Planicoxa as Planicoxa depressa in 2008. In 2011, it was assigned to the new genus Osmakasaurus.
# Scott Clark

Scott Clark may refer to:
* Scott Clark (BMX rider) (born 1962), American professional BMX racer
* R. Scott Clark (born 1961), American Reformed pastor and seminary professor
* Scott Clark (Santa Barbara), a fictional character on the American soap opera Santa Barbara
* Scott Clark (comics), American comic book artist
* Scott Clark (tennis) (born 1977), New Zealand tennis player
# Rebecca Struthers

Rebecca Struthers (born 1985 or 1986) is an English watchmaker, historian, author, engineer, and gemmologist. She works with her husband, Craig, who is a master watchmaker. She won the Heritage Crafts award in 2021, presented by King Charles III. She is the only practising watchmaker in the United Kingdom with a PhD in horology.

## Career

Struthers and her now husband, Craig went to Birmingham City University. Struthers originally studied goldsmithing and then changed to watchmaking, while Craig studied horology. In 2017, she got a doctorate in horology. The watchmaking course that the two took no longer exists. After graduating from university, Struthers moved to London to work in auction houses, doing restoring and watch dealing. After moving to Birmingham, she and her husband started working in their workshop in 2012 which is in the Jewellery Quarter. They initially only did restoration in watches from before 1960, and their contracts initially came from the auction house until word spread. They restore and remake watch movements, making most of the watch parts themselves. They won a Design Innovation Award on a pendant they named Stella, which was based on a 1960s movement. It was housed in an orb of rock crystal suspended within a platinum gimbal. Struthers has spoken on Radio 4. In 2021 King Charles III presented Rebecca and Craig with the Heritage Crafts Association President's Award, including a £3,000 bursary. The two are using this to create a free educational watchmaking resource, Watchmakers' Café.
In May 2023 she released a book about the history of time in 2023, named Hands of Time. It was delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and has 288 pages and was published in June in the United States by Hodder & Stoughton. The book talks about the history of timekeeping devices, from Egyptian water clocks to the Apple Watch, and John Wilter, a name found on watch forgeries. Her husband illustrated the book. She finished her PhD thesis in 2017 and wanted to turn it into a book, but had difficulty finding a publisher interested in horology.
The Struthers made their own movement from scratch, named Project 248. They make around two or three tailor watches per year. One of their watches, the Kingsley Watch, sells for at least £48,000.
Struthers described her experience as a young female watchmaker as a hindrance at the start of her career. She said that later on in her career it "swung in the opposite way," saying that being a minority makes it easier to be noticed.

## Personal life

After graduating from university, Struthers and her now husband moved to London separately. In 2012 the two moved to Birmingham to set up shop, which was their house until 2022. Struthers married Craig in 2012. The two have a Staffie dog named Archie. She has tattoos, and is a fan of Casio watches.

## Publications

* Struthers, Rebecca (2023). Hands of Time: A Watchmaker's History. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 9781529339000.
# Leptura kerniana

Leptura kerniana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fall in 1907.
# Epitaph (TV series)

Epitaph was a New Zealand television show that aired on TV1 during evenings in 2001. The show was directed and presented by Paul Gittins. Two books were published based on the programme.

## Reception

The show was successful and well received by critics. A writer for The New Zealand Herald referred to Epitaph as a "genuine original local programme that isn't hung on some thin idea".