OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghost Lake, Alberta

Ghost Lake is a summer village in Alberta, Canada. It is located between the Bow Valley Trail and the northern shore of the Ghost Lake Reservoir in the Municipal District of Bighorn No. 8. It is 23 km (14 mi) west of Cochrane.

## Geography
### Climate

Climate data for Ghost Lake :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15 (59) | 18.5 (65.3) | 18.5 (65.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 33 (91) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 27.5 (81.5) | 19.4 (66.9) | 16 (61) | 33 (91) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.8 (38.8) | 9 (48) | 13.8 (56.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 20.4 (68.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 10.8 (51.4) | 2.4 (36.3) | −1 (30) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.3 (2.7) | −14.1 (6.6) | −10.3 (13.5) | −4.9 (23.2) | −0.4 (31.3) | 3.2 (37.8) | 5 (41) | 4.3 (39.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | −4 (25) | −10.6 (12.9) | −14.7 (5.5) | −5.3 (22.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −42 (−44) | −48 (−54) | −38 (−36) | −26.5 (−15.7) | −12 (10) | −6 (21) | −5 (23) | −6.5 (20.3) | −17 (1) | −34.5 (−30.1) | −40.5 (−40.9) | −42.5 (−44.5) | −48 (−54) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.7 (0.66) | 18.5 (0.73) | 29.9 (1.18) | 38.4 (1.51) | 69.9 (2.75) | 85.9 (3.38) | 80.7 (3.18) | 78.4 (3.09) | 50.7 (2.00) | 22 (0.9) | 20.2 (0.80) | 17 (0.7) | 528 (20.8) |
| Source: Environment Canada ||||||||||||||

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Ghost Lake had a population of 82 living in 40 of its 91 total private dwellings, a change of 0% from its 2016 population of 82. With a land area of 0.62 km$^2$ (0.24 sq mi), it had a population density of 132.3/km$^2$ (342.5/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Summer Village of Ghost Lake had a population of 82 living in 36 of its 87 total private dwellings, a 1.2% change from its 2011 population of 81. With a land area of 0.67 km$^2$ (0.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 122.4/km$^2$ (317.0/sq mi) in 2016.
# Nishi Inaba Prefectural Natural Park

Nishi Inaba Prefectural Natural Park (西因幡県立自然公園, Nishi Inaba kenritsu shizen kōen) is a Prefectural Natural Park in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1984 and expanded in 1987, the park comprises part of the coast and three inland areas of the expanded city of Tottori (former towns of Aoya, Ketaka, and Shikano).
# Equisetum × trachyodon

Equisetum × trachyodon is a nothospecies of Equisetum found in northwestern and central Europe. Sometimes, it is considered as an individual species: Equisetum trachyodon.
The hybrid formula is Equisetum hyemale L. × Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr.

## Synonyms

* Equisetum hiemale var. doellii Milde
* Equisetum hiemale var. trachyodon A.Braun ex Döll
* Equisetum hyemale var. jesupii (A.A.Eat.) Victorin
* Equisetum hyemale var. mackayi Newman
* Equisetum hyemale f. multirameum (S.F.Blake) Vict.
* Equisetum hyemale var. trachyodon (A.K.H.Braun) Döll
* Equisetum hyemale subsp. trachyodon A.Br.
* Equisetum mackaii (Newman) Brichan
* Equisetum mackayi (Newman) Brichan
* Equisetum trachyodon f. fuchsii Geissert
* Equisetum trachyodon f. geminatum (S.F.Blake) M.Broun
* Equisetum trachyodon f. multirameum (S.F.Blake) M.Broun
* Equisetum variegatum var. anglicum Milde
* Equisetum variegatum var. concolor Milde
* Equisetum variegatum var. continentale Milde
* Equisetum variegatum f. geminatum S.F.Blake
* Equisetum variegatum var. jesupii A.A.Eat. ex Gilbert
* Equisetum variegatum f. multirameum S.F.Blake
* Equisetum variegatum var. trachyodon (A.K.H.Braun) J.D.Hooker fil.
* Hippochaete fuchsii (Geissert) H.P.Fuchs & Geissert
* Hippochaete hyemalis var. jesupii (A.A.Eat.) Farw.
* Hippochaete trachyodon (A.Br.) Boern.
* Hippochaete variegata var. jesupii (A.A.Eat.) Farw.
# Ouroungourou

Ouroungourou is a village in the commune of Parakou in the Borgou Department of central-eastern Benin. It is located north-west of Parakou city centre.
# Viktor Pashutin

Viktor Vasilyevich Pashutin (Russian: Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Пашу́тин) was a Russian pathophysiologist, one of the founders of the pathophysiologic school in Russia and of pathophysiology as an independent scientific discipline. From 1890 to 1901 he headed the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg and was its Full Member (1890).

## Biography

Pashutin was born on 28 January 1845 in Novocherkassk, Don Host Oblast. Till 1862 he studied at the Voronezh Theological Seminary. In the same year he was admitted to the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, where he became one of Ivan Sechenov's disciples. Graduated in 1868, he was left at the academy to be prepared for the professor's rank. In 1870 Viktor Pashutin was awarded with the degree of Doctor of Medicine for the thesis titled "Some experiments on the enzymes that turn starch into glucose and cane sugar". In 1871 he became assistant professor of physiology.
The years from 1871 to 1874, Viktor Pashutin spent in practical trainings in different German universities. In Leipzig he practiced physiology under the guidance of Professor Carl Ludwig and medicinal chemistry with Professor Karl Hugo Huppert. He also attended the lectures of Friedrich von Recklinghausen on general pathology and of Felix Hoppe-Seyler on medicinal chemistry in Strasbourg.
From 1874 to 1879 Professor Pashutin headed the Department of General Pathology of the Imperial Kazan University, where he founded Russia's first laboratory of experimental pathology. Since 1879 he headed the newly established Department of General and Experimental Pathology of the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, moulded by him into a center of national pathophysiologic school.
From 1890 to 1901 Professor Pashutin served as head of the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg. He was elected its Full Member in 1890. Since 1889, Professor Pashutin also was a chairman of the Medical Council of the Imperial Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1892 he was promoted to the rank of Privy Councilor (III grade of the Table of Ranks).
Viktor Vasilyevich Pashutin died on 2 February 1901 in Saint Petersburg.

## Scientific activity

Professor Pashutin's principal works are dedicated to disturbances of metabolism and thermoregulation, oxygen starvation and vitamin deficiency. He created an important scientific school, among whose adherents were Pyotr Albitsky, Stepan Kostyurin, Nikolai Kravkov, Sergey Lukyanov, Alexander Reprev, Nikolai Ushinsky and others.

## Selected bibliography

* (in Russian) V.V. Pashutin, Some experiments on the enzymes that turn starch into glucose and cane sugar (Y. Trey's Typography, Saint Petersburg, 1870)
* (in Russian) V.V. Pashutin, Lectures in general pathology (pathological physiology), in two parts (University Press, Kazan, 1878–1881)
* (in Russian) V.V. Pashutin, Course of General and Experimental Pathology, in two volumes (N.A. Lebedev's Typography, Staint Petersburg, 1885–1902)
* (in Russian) V.V. Pashutin, Selected Works (Moscow, 1952)
# Nonsard-Lamarche

Nonsard-Lamarche (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
# 1922 Liège–Bastogne–Liège

The 1922 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the 12th edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège cycle race and was held on 9 April 1922. The race started and finished in Liège. The race was won by Louis Mottiat.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Louis Mottiat (BEL) | 7h 27' 30" |
| 2 | Albert Jordens (BEL) | + 0" |
| 3 | Laurent Seret (BEL) | + 0" |
| 4 | Jules-Richard Matton (BEL) | + 0" |
| 5 | Hubert Noël (BEL) | + 0" |
| 6 | Henri Hanlet (BEL) | + 0" |
| 7 | Jacques Coomans (BEL) | + 0" |
| 8 | Joseph Jeanfils (BEL) | + 0" |
| 8 | Guillaume Macquoi (BEL) | + 0" |
| 8 | Joseph Marchand (BEL) | + 0" |
# Limen insulae

The limen insulae forms the junction point between anterior and posterior stem of the lateral sulcus. It is the lateral most limit of the anterior perforated substance and the starting point of the insular cortex.
The limen insulae translates as the threshold to the insula, and is the point at which the insular cortex is continuous with cortex over the amygdala and superior temporal gyrus.
# Elizabeth Spayd

Elizabeth Spayd is an American media journalist. She was the first woman to be named managing editor at The Washington Post, the editor and publisher of the Columbia Journalism Review, the sixth public editor of The New York Times, and a transparency consultant for Facebook. During her tenure at The New York Times, she took a number of controversial stances, and the paper eliminated her role in 2017.
# Elsie Smith

Elsie Smith MBE (8 September 1881 – 4 May 1968) was a New Zealand nurse, Anglican deaconess and missionary. She was born in Kingstone Lisle, Berkshire, England, on 8 September 1881. She lived and worked in Whanganui River settlements for 33 years.
In the 1955 Queen's Birthday Honours, Smith was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, recognising her service as a nurse in the Maori Anglican Mission on the Whanganui River.
# Cricket in Norway

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Cricket in Norway Norway is one of cricket's most northern stations however the game has a solid and developing situation in the country, but most players of the sport are from or descended from South Asia, and the playerbase among Norwegians is low.
The Norwegian Cricket Board became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2000, and the Norway national cricket team played its first international match later that year. Most of the side's matches have been against members of the European Cricket Council (ECC), although in more recent years Norway has fielded sides in the lower divisions of the World Cricket League (WCL). The team's current head coach is Muhammad Haroon, a former first-class player in Pakistan, who was appointed in early 2014. In September 2018, Norway qualified from Group C of the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Europe Qualifier

## History

The first cricket match in Norway was played in 1866, and the Norwegian-born cricketer Buster Nupen played for the South Africa national cricket team from 1922 to 1936. Regardless of endeavours to develop the game at the time in Norway, cricket had everything except vanished by the turn of the century.
During the 1970s, cricket encountered a resurrection in Norway as South Asian migrant workers began playing matches in and around Oslo. Subsequently, the first Norwegian cricket club was established in 1974. The Norwegian Cricket Board was founded in 1994 and, in June 2000, joined with the ICC. In May 2007, The Norwegian Cricket Federation joined the Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports.
Today, there are 67 cricket clubs in Norway with 5000 members combined. There are six divisions for men and one division for woman.
# Lionel Grant Tufnell

Admiral Lionel Grant Tufnell, CMG (27 October 1857 – 11 August 1930) was an officer of the Royal Navy.
In 1911, while commandant of the Royal Naval Engineering College, he was chosen to head the British naval mission to Greece, where he was given the rank of vice admiral in the Royal Hellenic Navy and enjoyed sweeping powers over the ships and shore establishments of the Greek navy. The mission's work was interrupted with the outbreak of the First Balkan War in October 1912, but its efforts, particularly in matters of training and gunnery practice, were important in modernising the Greek navy and preparing it for its successful campaigns in the Balkan Wars. Tufnell remained in Greece as an advisor to the Ministry of Naval Affairs until late 1913, when he returned to England. He was replaced by another British naval mission, which arrived in September 1913 and was headed by Rear Admiral Mark Kerr.
He later became a full admiral on the retired list.
# Criorhina nigriventris

Criorhina nigriventris , the bare-cheeked bumble fly, is an uncommon species of syrphid fly observed across the northern United States, the Appalachian Mountains and southern Canada. Hoverflies can remain nearly motionless in flight. The adults are also known as flower flies for they are commonly found on flowers, from which they get both energy-giving nectar and protein-rich pollen. The larvae of this genus are found in decaying wood.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Elliott River

Elliott River may refer to:

## In Australia

* Elliott River (Queensland), a watercourse in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland
* Elliot River (Whitsunday Region, Queensland), a watercourse in North Queensland
* Elliott River (Victoria), a watercourse in Victoria
# Tom Coombs

Thomas Barton Coombs (born May 31, 1959) is a former American football tight end. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Jets from 1982 to 1983.
# Disc barrow

A disc barrow is a type of tumulus or round barrow, a variety of fancy barrow identified in English Heritage's Monument Class Descriptions.
A disc barrow comprises a circular or oval-shaped flat platform, defined by a continuous earthen bank and inner ditch; sometimes the platform is raised above the surrounding ground level. On the platform there are one or more small mounds covering human burials deposited in cists or grave-pits. It is possible for disc barrows to be confused with a wide-bermed bell barrow; the distinguishing characteristic here is the presence of a platform supporting the small barrow mound and the continuous bank around the outside of the barrow ditch.
Disc barrows are a relatively rare kind of Bronze Age burial mound, generally located in the Wessex area of southern England. In common with other contemporary round barrows they are regarded as being the burial monuments of important people; it has been suggested that the Wessex disc barrows were the burial places of important females, although this is based on the analysis of a very small number of cremation deposits and assumptions about the ownership of the main kinds of grave goods recovered.
The 18th century antiquarian William Stukeley referred to this type of barrow as a druid barrow, a practice that was continued by Richard Colt Hoare in the early 19th century, even though he did not subscribe to the idea that their creation had any connection with druids.

## Notable examples of disc barrows in southern England

* The Flowerdown disc barrow at Littleton, near Winchester in Hampshire, is described as an "exceptionally fine example" of this type of ancient monument.
* On Setley Plain, near Brockenhurst in Hampshire, there are a pair of overlapping disc barrows which survive in particularly fine condition, and are one of only two known pairs of overlapping barrows of this type in England.
* There are at least five disc barrows in Oakley Down Barrow Cemetery, near Sixpenny Handley in Dorset. One of these disc barrows is cut on the south-east side by the Ackling Dyke Roman road, which led early antiquarians such as William Stukeley to conclude that the barrows were a pre-Roman feature.
* The Upwey disc barrow at map reference SY 663866 located on the Ridgeway above the district of Upwey, Weymouth, Dorset; is a very fine and large example of this type of barrow. It has an exceptionally big centre mound.
# Ghost Lake (disambiguation)

Ghost Lake is a man-made reservoir in the Rocky Mountain foothills in Alberta, Canada.
Ghost Lake may also refer to:

## Geography

* Ghost Lake, Alberta, a summer village by the lake in Alberta
* Ghost Lake, several lakes in Ontario, Canada
* Ghost Lake, a lake near Bhimeshwar, Nepal
* Ghost Lake, a lake in Carbon County, Montana, United States
* Ghost Lake, a man-made lake near Shades of Death Road in Warren County, New Jersey, United States
* Ghost Lake, several lakes in Wisconsin, United States

## Entertainment

* Ghost Lake, an amusement at Conneaut Lake Park
* Ghost Lake, a 1955 Taiwanese film directed by Joseph Kuo
* Ghost Lake, or Shockers: Ghost Lake, a 1994 novel by John Peel
* Ghost Lake, a 2004 American film filmed at Rushford Lake
# Extended matching items

Extended matching items/questions (EMI or EMQ) are a written examination format similar to multiple choice questions but with one key difference, that they test knowledge in a far more applied, in-depth, sense.
It is often used in medical education and other healthcare subject areas to test diagnostic reasoning.

## Structure

The structure has three key elements:

### Answer option list

    Sources suggest using a minimum of eight answer options to a ratio of five scenarios or vignettes to ensure that the probability of getting the correct answer by chance remains reasonably low. The exact number of answer options should be dictated by the logical number of realistic options. This ensures that the test item has authenticity and validity.

### Lead in question

    This should be as specific as possible and on reading the lead in question it should be understand exactly what the student needs to do – without needing to look at the answer options. If you need to look at the answers to understand the question, the item has not been well written.

### Two or more scenarios or vignettes

    There should be at least two vignettes, otherwise this becomes an MCQ. Because the item allows for an in depth test of knowledge each of the scenarios should be related to one another by a theme that summarises the question overall. Each scenario should be roughly similar in structure and content, and each has one 'best' answer from amongst the series of answer options given.

## Research evidence

Students sitting this test item format have a greater chance of answering incorrectly if they cannot synthesise and apply their knowledge as shown through the work of Susan Case and David Swanson (1989).
Evidence suggests that this format works best when there is a single best answer to each successive scenario or vignette.

## Other variants

There are some instances where EMIs do not follow the evidence based format. These other uses of the term have been criticised as they do not apply the key principles of the EMQ as stated above. E.g. a question where two lists are offered, one of terms and one of descriptions is often referred to as an EMI.
Example of an EMI variant
* This organelle stores the genetic information of a eukaryotic cell.
* This organelle synthesises polypeptides using information provided by mRNA.
* This organelle, found in plants, contains chlorophyll.
List of options
* Chloroplast
* Mitochondrion
* Lysosome
* Nucleus
* Endoplasmic reticulum
* Peroxisome
* Golgi apparatus
* Ribosome
Answer Key
* 4
* 8
* 1
# Ludwig van (film)

Ludwig van (full title: Ludwig van: A report; German: Ludwig van: ein Bericht) is a black-and-white German film by Mauricio Kagel. Filmed in 1969, it was first screened the following year. The work was commissioned by Westdeutscher Rundfunk for the bicentennial celebrations of the birth of Ludwig van Beethoven in 1970. The film examines the reception of the composer and his works and how he has become a consumer product of the culture industry. The soundtrack is an arrangement of fragments of Beethoven's works, modified as if heard by the deaf composer himself; it is distinct from Kagel's 1970 composition Ludwig van. Prominent contemporary artists including Dieter Roth, Stefan Wewerka (de), Robert Filliou, and Joseph Beuys were involved in the design. According to Gramophone, "at first it’s a laugh a minute ... then Kagel's film turns dark".

## Summary

In the first part of the film, Beethoven visits Bonn of the late 1960s, stopping off at a record shop before embarking upon a tour of the Beethoven-Haus in which he was born; there is a deluge of busts, in the music room every surface is covered in sheet music, and in the final scene his works are hung out to dry in the laundry. There ensues a bridge passage in which he strolls along the Rhine and boards the Cecilie, where he tries to find the source of music but ends up chasing shadows. The second part of the film, a more explicit parody of art films and commentary on the composer's reception, begins with a talk-show in which Karajan is criticised for creating beautiful sound at the expense of revolutionary edge and for conducting the orchestra rather than the music; there follows an encounter with a madman who claims to be Beethoven's true descendant; a sequence set to In questa tomba oscura ("In this dark tomb let me rest"); a scene with a pianist in a lab; and a recital of the Waldstein sonata by a thinly-disguised and super-annuated Elly Ney, where she ends up smoking and the percussive sound morphs into the beating of the heart; the film ends with a scene in a zoo with an owl, tortoise, boar, defecating elephant, and "many ruminants, predominantly ears and paws", accompanied by fragments of the "Prisoners' chorus" from Fidelio and of the Ode to Joy from the Ninth Symphony.

## Analysis

A deconstructive analysis of the film investigated Beethoven as a cultural icon, revered yet exploited; the use and misuse of his works, including their appropriation to advance nationalist agendas; the difficulties and anxieties of influence performers face; Beethoven scholarship and attempts to "tame" the composer to accord with bourgeois ideals; and the difficulties of peering through the myths to catch a glimpse of the "real" Beethoven. Kagel uses the term Musealisierung or "musealisation" in speaking of the Beethoven cult, the term used by Theodor W. Adorno to indicate that "museums are the family sepulchres of works of art".
# Ouroux-sur-Saône

Ouroux-sur-Saône (French pronunciation:, literally Ouroux on Saône) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Norman Njelele

Norman Njelele (27 August 1984 – 26 November 2017) was a Zimbabwean football defender.
# George Lubeleje

George Malima Lubeleje (born February 12, 1950) is a Tanzanian politician and a member of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi political party. He was elected MP representing Mpwapwa in 2015.
# 1919 Spring Hill Badgers football team

The 1919 Spring Hill Badgers football team represented the Spring Hill College as an independent during the 1919 college football season.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 4 | at Mississippi A&M | New Athletic FieldStarkville, MS | L 6–12 |
| October 18 | Tulane | Mobile, AL | L 0–21 |
| October 25 | Alabama Medical | Mobile, AL | W 12–6 |
| November 1 | vs. Marion | Selma, AL | W 13–0 |
| November 8 | Auburn | Mobile, AL | L 0–10 |
| November 15 | Birmingham–Southern | Mobile, AL | W 3–0 |
| November 27 | Howard (AL) | Mobile, AL | T 6–6 |