OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Karnataka textbook controversy

The Karnataka textbook controversy arose in May-June 2022 after Government of Karnataka made changes to the books used by the government schools in Karnataka. They have been accused of reflecting the political views of BJP, the party in power in the Government of Karnataka.

## 'Burn the chaddi' campaign

In June 2022 the Congress students' wing National Students Union of India (NSUI) protested against the "saffronisation" of school textbooks. As a symbolic protest they burnt an underwear outside the Home of Education Minister B. C. Nagesh. They set fire to a pair of khaki shorts similar to the short in the uniform of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) members.
The BJP complained to the police accusing the NSUI activists of trying to burn the minister's house down. Congress leader Siddaramaiah said, "During a protest, we symbolically burnt one underwear - just one underwear. But the police and government made it a big issue and said we are trying to burn the house... So let's start a chaddi-burning campaign," The Congress launched a "burn-the-chaddi" campaign and Siddaramaiah announced that, as a sign of protest against RSS ‘chaddis’ would be burnt.
# Genesis Revisited: Live at Hammersmith

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| Record Collector | |
Genesis Revisited: Live at Hammersmith is an album by musician Steve Hackett. It was recorded at the Hammersmith Apollo, during the tour around the release of Genesis Revisited II. It features a full set from the show performed on 10 May 2013, including 18 Genesis songs, and one solo song, Shadow of the Hierophant, that was originally planned as a Genesis song. The box set features the full live show across three CDs and on one DVD, together with a further DVD containing a Behind the Scenes featurette.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett and Mike Rutherford, except where noted

## Personnel

Band
* Steve Hackett – guitar, vocals
* Roger King – keyboards
* Nad Sylvan – vocals, tambourine
* Gary O'Toole – drums, percussion, vocals
* Lee Pomeroy – bass, bass pedals, Variax, twelve-string, vocals
* Rob Townsend – saxophone, woodwind, percussion, vocals, keyboards
Special guests
* Jakko Jakszyk
* Nik Kershaw
* Amanda Lehmann
* Steve Rothery
* John Wetton

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 195 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 78 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 53 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 17 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 67 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 97 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 58 |
# Jutaí

Jutaí is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population is 13,886 (2020) and its area is 69,552 km$^2$, making it the fifth largest municipality in Amazonas by area and the ninth largest in Brazil.

## Geography

The municipality is in the Juruá-Purus moist forests ecoregion. It contains parts of the Jutaí-Solimões Ecological Station. It contains the 275,533 hectares (680,860 acres) Rio Jutaí Extractive Reserve, created in 2002. The municipality contains the 2,450,380 hectares (6,055,000 acres) Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve, established in 2003. This is the largest conservation unit in Amazonas and the largest sustainable development reserve in the world.
# Porsgrunn/Skien

Skien/Porsgrunn is a Norwegian urban area located in Grenland in southern Telemark.
The urban area covers parts of three municipalities: Skien, Porsgrunn and Bamble. The population is 85.408.
Contrary to local beliefs in Porsgrunn, the area is more commonly referred to as Skien/Porsgrunn, rather than Porsgrunn/Skien.
59°04′36″N 9°41′13″E﻿ / ﻿59.0767°N 9.68694°E﻿ / 59.0767; 9.68694
* This Telemark location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Frederick Barnard

Frederick Barnard may refer to:
* Sir Frederick Augusta Barnard (1742–1830), George III's librarian
* Fred Barnard (1846–1896), Victorian illustrator
* Frederick A. P. Barnard (1809–1889), American scientist and educator
# Simon I

Simon I may refer to:
* Simon I (High Priest) (310–291 or 300–270 BCE)
* Simon I de Montfort (1025–1087)
* Simon I de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton (died c. 1111)
* Simon I, Duke of Lorraine (1076–1138)
* Simon I, Count of Saarbrücken (died >1183)
* Simon I, Count of Tecklenburg (c. 1140–1202)
* Simon I, Count of Sponheim-Kreuznach (1210/15–1264)
* Simon I of Isenburg-Kempenich, Lord of Isenburg-Kempenich from 1329 until 1341
* Simon I, Lord of Lippe (c. 1261–1344)
* Simon I of Kartli (1537–1611)
# Prisons We Choose to Live Inside

Prisons We Choose to Live Inside is a collection of five essays by the British writer Doris Lessing, which were previously delivered as the 1985 Massey Lectures.

## The Essays

The five collected essays are generally meant to be read in order though they can be read independently. The essays appear in the collection in the order that they were delivered as lectures. The titles of the essays are:
* When In the Future They Look Back On Us
* You Are Damned, We Are Saved
* Switching Off to See "Dallas"
* Group Minds
* Laboratories of Social Change
# Gloup Holm

Gloup Holm is an islet in the Shetland Islands, lying to the north of Yell.

## Geography and geology

Gloup Holm is near to the part of Yell called North Neaps, near Gloup. It has an area of 30.4 acres or 12.3 hectares.
Rocks to the north include the Clapper and to the south-east is Eagle Stack. To the south west is Bagi Stack and to the west Whilkie Stack.
The island is owned by Robert Henderson, of neighbouring Cullivoe.

## History

Gloup Holm derives its name from the village of Gloup and Gloup Voe on the "mainland" of Yell. These names derive from the Old Norse for a ravine. Gloup Holm belonged to the ancient parish and current quoad sacra parish of North Yell.
# Ensina brevior

Ensina brevior is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Ensina of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Peru.
# Instat

Instat may refer to:
* InStat, sports performance analysis company.
* Institute of Statistics (Albania), the statistical agency.
# Jute Diversification Promotion Centre

Jute Diversification Promotion Centre is an autonomous government body responsible for the promotion and diversification of Jute use in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nasima Begum is the executive director of the centre. The centre organises jute fairs in Bangladesh.

## History

Jute historically has been an important industry in Bangladesh. The proposal for a jute diversification center was brought up in the International Forum for diversification of jute uses. In 2002 the Jute Diversification Promotion Centre was established by the Ministry of Textiles and Jute. It is headquartered in the former headquarters of the International Jute Study Group in Dhaka. It has jute entrepreneurial service centres in Chittagong, Dhaka, Jessore, Narsigndi, Rangpur, and Tangail. The centre is part of a government strategy to diversify jute products and promote exports of jute.
# Paul Assenmacher

Paul Andre Assenmacher (/ˈɑːsənmɑːkər/ AHSS-ən-mah-kər; born December 10, 1960) is a former left-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for fourteen seasons. Assenmacher pitched for the Atlanta Braves (1986–1989), Chicago Cubs (1989–1993), New York Yankees (1993), Chicago White Sox (1994) and the Cleveland Indians (1995–1999).
Assenmacher attended Aquinas High School where he was teammates with Jeff Kaiser. He played college baseball at Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He signed as an amateur free agent with the Atlanta Braves in 1983, making his major league debut with them on April 12, 1986.
In his career, Assenmacher compiled a record of 61–44 with a 3.51 ERA, saving 56 games and making one career start in 884 games. He is tied with Mike Jackson for most games pitched in the 1990s (644).
Although only a .083 hitter (3-for-36), Assenmacher was a very good fielding pitcher. He recorded a .986 fielding percentage with only two errors in 146 total chances in 855.2 innings pitched.
Assenmacher has spent nine seasons as the pitching coach for the baseball team at St. Pius X Catholic High School in Atlanta.
# Frederick Barne

Frederick Barne (8 November 1805 – 9 March 1886) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1830 to 1832.
Barne was the only son of Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Barne and Mary Boucherett, daughter of Ayscoghe Boucherett. He served as a captain in the 12th Royal Lancers. In 1830 he was elected Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Dunwich, the previous MP being his father. He held the seat until 1832 when it was abolished under the Reform Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 45). He lived at Sotterley HalI and was High Sheriff of Suffolk in 1851.
In 1834, Barne married Mary Anne Elizabeth Honywood, eldest daughter of Sir John Courtenay Honywood, 5th Baronet. Their son Frederick St John Barne was later Member of Parliament for East Suffolk.
# Pattiyamulla

Pattiyamulla is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# House'llelujah

"House'llelujah" is a 2010 song by Belgian singer Stromae, released on 17 May 2010 as a promo-single for his album Cheese, on which it was included. The song only charted in Belgium. House'llelujah is derived from Hallelujah. He performed the song live at The Dome 55 in Hannover, Germany on 27 August 2010.

## Music video

The official music video to the song was uploaded to YouTube by Stromae on 15 September 2010. The video shows Stromae as a priest of a religion based around house music. The congregation watches him sing on a large screen while initially standing still and, later, starting to sing and dance.

## Personnel

Lead vocals
* Stromae
Production
* Mosaert – producer

## Track listings

* House'llelujah (3:59)

## Charts

| Chart (2010) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 30 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 22 |
| Poland (Dance Top 50) | 36 |
# PZMS Poltava

MFC PZMS Poltava (ukr. Міні-Футбольний Клуб «ПЗМС» Полтава), is a futsal club from Poltava, Ukraine, and plays in Ukrainian Women's Futsal Championship.
The club is one of the most titled clubs in Ukraine.
Founded in the 1995 as "Nika Poltava" (later "Nika-Universytet Poltava", "Nika-Peduniversytet Poltava", "Nika-PNPU Poltava"). The current name is in honor of the sponsor (PMGF - Poltava Medical Glass Factory, ukr. ПЗМС - Полтавський завод медичного скла).

## Honours

* Ukrainian Women's Futsal Championship:
       1995, 1997, 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999—2000, 2000-01, 2001-02, 2002-03, 2004-05, 2006-07
* Ukrainian Women's Futsal Cup:
       1996, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005
# Epermenia strictellus

Epermenia strictellus is a moth of the family Epermeniidae. It is found in Europe (from the Iberian Peninsula to Poland, Romania and the Balkan Peninsula), as well as in North Africa, from Turkey, through Kyrgyzstan and the Tuva Region to Japan.
The wingspan is 11–17 mm.
# Intectin

Intectin is a Ly-6 family protein which is anchored to glycosylphosphatidylinositol on intestinal epithelial cells. Intectin has been shown to maintain the integrity of the intestinal wall by inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells upon exposure to dietary palmitic acid. Mice treated with the prebiotic oligofructose showed improved intestinal homeostasis as indicated by increased intectin.
# Louisa Snelson

Louisa Matilda Snelson (née Buck, 29 January 1844 – 15 December 1919) was a New Zealand civic leader. She and her husband George Snelson were considered the "father and mother of Palmerston North".

## Biography

Louisa Buck’s parents (Elizabeth Frances and Henry Gregory Buck, a blacksmith) and siblings arrived in New Zealand in March 1842 on board the ship Birman. Louisa was born in Wellington on 29 January 1844 and grew up there. She met and married George Snelson in 1865, and the couple lived in Wellington for the first years of their marriage. They had two children: Frances Mary Halford in 1866 and George James Halford in 1868, however both died during infancy. Frances died at a few months old, and George was three years old.
In 1871, Snelson relocated to Palmerston North to join her husband, who had gone there the previous year to open a general store and ironmongery. She took with her the couple's ward, Matilda Montgomery, who was 16 years old at the time. As well as working in the store, Snelson provided a letter-writing service for the newly arrived Scandinavian settlers in the district, took in boarders and cared for children in her home.
As the town grew, Snelson became involved in church initiatives – from October 1872, the Snelsons' home and store were used for Anglican church services and on 29 September 1875 Snelson laid the foundation stone for All Saints Church, the first Anglican church in the town. From 1877 Snelson was Sunday school teacher at the church, and she also developed close relationships with Christian Māori at Awapuni.
Snelson later led a fund-raising campaign to open a public hospital, which culminated in the opening of the facility on 21 November 1893. Around 1890 she also began a petition, and then a fundraising campaign, to erect a statue of Rangitāne chief Te Peeti Te Aweawe. Snelson was invited to unveil the statue in The Square in Palmerston North in 1907.
After Snelson's husband died in 1901, she struggled financially and in 1903 she sold her home and moved to Sydney, Australia. When she returned to Palmerston North a few years later she earned money by selling paintings and giving art lessons. However, during World War I, she was also busy with patriotic projects such as organising donations of socks, stockings and mittens for Belgian war widows and supporting the local Patriotic Shop and the All Saint’s Children’s Home.
Louisa Snelson died in Whanganui on 15 December 1919, and she was buried at Terrace End Cemetery, Palmerston North.
# Justin Walker

Justin Walker may refer to:
* Justin Walker (actor), American actor
* Justin Walker (footballer) (born 1975), English former professional footballer
* Justin Walker (Brothers & Sisters), a character from Brothers & Sisters
* Justin R. Walker (born 1982), United States federal judge on Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
# Greater Community Bancorp

Greater Community Bancorp was a bank primarily operating in northern New Jersey. The headquarters of the bank were located on Union Boulevard in Totowa, New Jersey, and the bank had locations throughout Passaic, Morris and Bergen counties.
In the mid 1990s the bank, formerly Great Falls Bank, began acquiring other local banks, including the First National Bank of Little Falls and Family First Savings Bank of Clifton and bringing them into the fold. The company operated branches under the name Great Falls Bank (a chain primarily in Passaic County), Bergen Commercial Bank (the bank's Bergen County chain), Rock Community Bank (a standalone branch in Glen Rock), and Greater Community Bank (in Morris County).
Beginning in 2001, Greater Community began renaming its banks to the name of the parent company, starting with Great Falls Bank. Eventually Bergen Commercial Bank and Rock Community Bank became Greater Community Bank.
Greater Community Bancorp ceased to exist in June 2008 after a merger with Valley National Bank, and all their branches were rebranded with the Valley name by the end of the year.
# Paul Johnson (footballer, born 1955)

Paul Anthony Johnson (born 19 September 1955) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Chester and Stoke City. During his time at Stoke he is referenced by his full name to avoid confusion with another Paul Johnson who was at Stoke at the same time.

## Career

Johnson was born in Stoke-on-Trent and began his career with local side Stoke City progressing to the first team in 1976. At the same time another youth team player of the same name started to break into the first team. Johnson was the more successful of the two playing in 60 matches for Stoke before joining Chester in 1982. In the summer of 1978, Johnson was loaned to the second division American Soccer League side Southern California Lazers, for whom he made 24 appearances before returning to Stoke. He went on to play for non-league Altrincham.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Group Cup | Group Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke City | 1976–77 | First Division | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 8 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1977–78 | Second Division | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 5 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1978–79 | Second Division | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 2 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1979–80 | First Division | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1980–81 | First Division | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Stoke City | 1981–82 | First Division | 13 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 15 | 0 |
| Stoke City | Total | Total | 56 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 60 | 0 |
| Southern California Lazers | 1978 | ASL | 24 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | 2 |
| Chester | 1982–83 | Fourth Division | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 99 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 109 | 2 |
# Hot plate test

The hot plate test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the tail flick test. Both hot plate and tail-flick methods are used generally for centrally acting analgesic, while peripherally acting drugs are ineffective in these tests but sensitive to acetic acid-induced writhing test.
The hot plate test is used in basic pain research and in testing the effectiveness of analgesics by observing the reaction to pain caused by heat. It was proposed by Eddy and Leimbach in 1953. They used a behavioral model of nociception where behaviors such as jumping and hind paw-licking are elicited following a noxious thermal stimulus. Licking is a rapid response to painful thermal stimuli that is a direct indicator of nociceptive threshold. Jumping represents a more elaborated response, with a latency, and encompasses an emotional component of escaping.

## Procedure

* A transparent glass cylinder is used to keep the animal on the heated surface of the plate.
* The temperature of the hot plate is set using a thermoregulated water-circulated pump.
* The time of latency is defined as the time period between the zero point, when the animal is placed on the hot plate surface, and the time when the animal licks its paw or jumps off to avoid thermal pain.

## Research findings
### Sex studies using antidepressants

Significant differences in pain sensitivity in male and female mice have been observed in laboratory studies. The SSRI antidepressant paroxetine did not display a gender difference in antinociceptive effects in mice.

#### Ion channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are implicated in pain sensation and transmission signaling mechanisms within both peripheral nociceptors and the spinal cord. Specific ion channel isoforms such as Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 sodium channels and Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels have distinct pro-nociceptive roles.

#### Opioid receptors

Activation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (NRI) are mechanisms of acute and chronic pain. OPRM1 knockout mice were used to determine the relative contribution of MOR activation to tapentadol and morphine induced analgesia. Wild-type mice exhibited an antinociceptive effect ten times that of OPM1 knockouts. However, the OPRM1 knockouts still exhibited a slight analgesic effect to tapentadol but not to morphine. This indicated that the antinociceptive effect of tapentadol is based on a combined mechanism of action involving both MOR and NRI.

#### Benzodiazepines and GABA receptors

Diazepam is a GABAA receptor benzodiazepine ligand that is an anxiety modulator. Studies using diazepam with the hot plate test showed that diazepam modified the behavioral structure of the pain response not from pain modulation but rather by reducing anxiety levels.

## Ethics

The Ethical Committee of the International Association for the Study of Pain has developed guidelines for the ethical use of this procedure. In the United States, such experiments must be approved by an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
# PPE

PPE may refer to:

## Medicine, science and technology

* Personal protective equipment, against injury or infection
* Palmoplantar erythema, peeling of skin from the palms
* Perturbed physics ensemble, or perturbed parameter ensemble, climate ensembles in climate change research
* Polyphenyl ether, a class of polymers
* Poly(p-phenylene oxide), a high-temperature thermoplastic
* Power and Propulsion Element, a solar electric Lunar Gateway space station module
* Premium Platform Electric, a modular car platform
* Pruritic papular eruption of HIV disease
* Preparticipation physical evaluation, a physical examination of an athlete

## Computing

* Power Processing Element, a PowerPC implementation
* PCBoard Program Executable, for the PCBoard BBS

## Other uses

* Philosophy, politics and economics, an academic programme
* Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) in accounting
* Mar de Cortés International Airport (IATA code), Mexico
* Permitted paid engagement, in the visa policy of the United Kingdom
# Epermenia sinica

Epermenia sinica is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Reinhard Gaedike in 1996. It is found in Yunnan, China.
The wingspan is about 22 mm. Adults are similar to Epermenia nepalica but can be distinguished by the genitalia.
# Herastone Sambale

Herastone Sambale is a Congolese politician. In 2019, he was appointed as the Minister of Youth and Initiation of New Citizenship of Democratic Republic of the Congo, under Ilunga government that ran from September 2019 to April 2021, as well as a member of parliament. He is a member of Union for Democracy and Social Progress.