OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Marc Postman

Marc Postman (born April 6, 1958) is an American astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. His research interests include observational studies of the formation and evolution of galaxies and large scale structure in the universe. His work focuses on determining, observationally, the relationships between galaxy-scale phenomena and the surrounding large-scale environment and matter distribution. His recent research includes characterizing the properties of brightest cluster galaxies and placing new constraints on the cosmic optical background.

## Career

Postman was the lead or co-investigator on several joint science and engineering working groups exploring the feasibility and science capabilities of future large optical / near infrared telescopes on the ground and in space. He served on the science and technology definition team for the Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor concept (aka LUVOIR), which was proposed to the 2020 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. A modified version of this concept, the Habitable Worlds Observatory, is now being developed by NASA. He was a member of the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys investigation team and project scientist for the STScI Digitized Sky Survey program. He has also served on the Council of the American Astronomical Society and on the Committee for the Status of Women in Astronomy. Postman was the Principal Investigator of the HST multi-cycle treasury program Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble, a study of dark matter in clusters of galaxies. Postman is also a guest investigator on the New Horizons science team to study the ultraviolet and optical background radiation field as seen from the unique vantage point beyond 45 AU from the Sun.
Postman attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an undergraduate from 1978 to 1981, receiving a S.B. in Physics in 1981. He then went on to obtain his Ph.D. in Astronomy at Harvard University, working with Dr. Margaret Geller. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1986, he was a postdoctoral fellow working with Prof. James E. Gunn in Princeton University’s Department of Astronomy. In 1989, he joined the scientific research staff at the Space Telescope Science Institute. Postman is currently the interim Deputy Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute.
Marc Postman is the son of educator, author and cultural critic Neil Postman.

## Awards and honors

Postman received the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)’s Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award in 1993 and again in 2013. Asteroid 166746 Marcpostman discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at Apache Point Observatory in 2002, was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 January 2013 (M.P.C. 82401).
He was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society in 2020.
# Gerlof van Vloten

Gerlof van Vloten (1866–1903), was a Dutch orientalist, writer and translator. He was the editor of the 1895 edition of the Arabic encyclopedia Mafātīḥ al-ʿulūm.
# Sevilla (Albéniz)

Sevilla is a composition by Isaac Albéniz from his Suite Española No. 1. Albeniz premiered Sevilla himself in a piano performance on 24 January 1886 and dedicated it to the wife of Count Morphy. Since it has been transcribed for classical guitar it has become one of the most important works of the classical guitar repertoire. It has been played and recorded by guitarists such as Julian Bream and John Williams and many others. It is generally played in the key of G major.
# Nonacosylic acid

Nonacosylic acid, or nonacosanoic acid, is a 29-carbon long-chain saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula CH$_3$(CH$_2$)$_{27}$COOH.
# Sakae Tsuboi

Sakae Tsuboi (壺井 栄, Tsuboi Sakae, 5 August 1899 – 23 June 1967) was a Japanese novelist and poet.

## Biography
### Early life

Sakae Tsuboi was born in the village of Sakate (now part of the town of Shōdoshima) in Kagawa Prefecture, the fifth daughter of soy sauce barrel maker, Tokichi Iwai. Despite the bankruptcy of her father's employer, and the consequent worsening of her family's economic situation, she was still able to complete eight years of schooling, before going on to work in the post office and town hall. In 1925, at the age of 26, she went to Tokyo to marry Shigeji Tsuboi.

### Career

After the publication of her debut work Daikon no Ha (Radish Leaves) in 1938, she wrote prolifically, winning the Minister of Education Award for Fine Arts among other prizes. In 1954 the director Keisuke Kinoshita made a film adaptation, starring Hideko Takamine, of her 1952 novel, Nijushi no Hitomi (Twenty-Four Eyes), and Shodoshima became a household name in Japan. In 1967, she was made an honorary citizen of Uchinomi, Kagawa before dying the same year at the age of 67.

### Sakae Tsuboi Prize

In 1979, to honour Tsuboi's work, Kagawa Prefecture established the Sakae Tsuboi Prize for children from the prefecture.

## Important works

* Daikon no Ha (大根の葉 Radish Leaves)
* Kaki no Ki no Aru Ie (柿の木のある家 The House with the Persimmon Tree)
* Haha no Nai Ko to Ko no Nai Haha to (母のない子と子のない母と The Motherless Children and the Childless Mother)
* Sakamichi (坂道 The Slope)
* Nijushi no Hitomi (二十四の瞳 Twenty-Four Eyes) - (the only work readily available in English translation) The most famous of her works, adapted into two movies (Twenty-Four Eyes), numerous TV series and one animation series.
* Kaze (風 The Wind)
* Ishiusu no Uta (石臼の歌 The Song of Millstone)
* Tsukiyo no Kasa (月夜の傘 Umbrella on a Moonlit Night)
# Sakae Tamura (nature photographer)

Sakae Tamura (田村 栄, Tamura Sakae, 1910–2003) was a Japanese magazine editor and photographer of nature.
Tamura was born in Chiba in 1910, but his family moved to Tokyo in 1924. Under the influence of his father, an amateur photographer, he started taking photographs in 1927.
Tamura worked from 1936 till 1973 in a succession of editorial posts, mostly preparing educational materials about nature. The first of these was within Kōgasha (光画社), where he worked on the photography magazine Gekkan Kogata Kamera (月刊小型カメラ). He subsequently moved to Seibundō Shinkōsha (誠文堂新光社), where he was the chief editor of the magazine of science for children Kodomo no Kagaku (子供の科学) and the astronomy magazine Tenmon Gaido (天文ガイド).
Tamura's book of photography of insects, showing the activities and life-cycles of insects, made him an innovator in Japan, where insect photography had previously been limited to unimaginative depictions of dead specimens.
Tamura won an award from the Ministry of Education in 1951 for the book Konchū no seitai.
Between 1954 and 1960, Tamura took many photographs of bird life, and the increasing threats to this, along the stretch of the Tama River between Tokyo and Kawasaki, increasingly polluted and with an increasing percentage of its banks used for group leisure pursuits. In a book-length anthology of these published in 1962, he pointed out the decrease in the variety of bird life, and warned of the danger of further increases to come. Photographs from the book were exhibited in the National Science Museum of Japan in 1963.
Tamura died in 2003.

## Books

* Tōdai no hanashi (灯台の話し). Tokyo: Tōa Shorin, 1943. A book for children.
* (in Japanese) Konchū no seitai: Raika shashinshū (昆虫の生態：ライカ写眞集) / Closeups on Insects. Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha, 1951. Most of the text in Japanese only, but with terse captions in English as well.
* (in Japanese) Konchū (昆虫, Insects). Iwanami Shashin Bunko. Tokyo: Iwanami, 1953. A joint work.
* Tamagawa no tori (多摩川の鳥) / Birds of River Tama. Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha, 1961. With captions and some text in English as well as Japanese.
* (in Japanese) Tamura Sakae shashinshū: Shizen no katasumi de (田村栄写真集：自然の片隅で, Sakae Tamura photograph collection: In the nooks of nature). Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha, 1965. Photographs of plants, insects, reptiles and birds, as noticed often hidden away. Mostly black and white, some color.
* (in Japanese) Kamakura kaidō (鎌倉街道, The Kamakura road). Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha, 1990. ISBN 4-416-89000-1. Color and black and white photographs of sights of nature along the Kamakura Kaidō, an ancient road.
# Fall Rock, Kentucky

Fall Rock is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Kentucky, United States. They are located on the Morgan Branch tributary of Laurel Creek, just under 1 mile upstream from the branch mouth, on United States Highway 421, the school across the road from the post office.
Fall Rock post office was established on 1924-05-22 by postmaster John Campbell, and named after the original name of Morgan Branch which was Falls Branch or Fall Rock Branch. This in turn came from the name of the 10 feet (3.0 m) high waterfall that powered a local grist mill and was also used for social events.
However, the village and school were originally named Pinhook, local oral histories stating that this was after a local fisherman who made fishing hooks out of safety pins bought in the local store. Named John Campbell (not the aforementioned postmaster) he gained the name "Pinhook" Campbell. The village and school were renamed after the post office when schooling was consolidated in the county in the 20th century.

## Cross-reference

* ↑ United States Postal Service (2012). "USPS - Look Up a ZIP Code". Retrieved February 15, 2012.
* ↑ "Postmaster Finder - Post Offices by ZIP Code". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
* ↑ "Fall Rock". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Rennick 2000c, p. 16.

## Sources

* Rennick, Robert M. (2000c). "Clay County — Post Offices". County Histories of Kentucky (176). Morehead State University.
* This Clay County, Kentucky state location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Salut les copains

Salut les copains - French for hello mates or hi buddies - may refer to:
* Salut les copains (radio program), a French radio variety program on Europe 1
** Yé-yé, a French style of music based on music broadcast by radio program Salut les copains
* Salut les copains (magazine), a French music publication (later renamed Salut!)
* Salut les copains (musical), a French musical based on the songs of the period
* Salut les copains (album series), series of compilation albums from the hits on Salut les copains radio program and the print magazine
* "Salut les copains", 1957 song by French singer Gilbert Bécaud
* Salut les copains, 1961 album by French singer Johnny Hallyday
# Fairmont Butte

Fairmont Butte is a butte of volcanic origins in the Antelope Valley just west of the City of Lancaster, California in Los Angeles County. Summit elevation is 3,130 feet above sea level. Parts of Fairmont Butte are situated within the boundaries of Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve.
During construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, the City of Los Angeles found deposits of Tuff at Fairmont Butte that closely resembled German Trass and Italian Pozzolana and was an ideal ingredient to blend and use in the production of cement. The City constructed a quarry and regrinding plant at the base of Fairmont Butte to excavate the tuff, grind and blend it with Portland cement which was used in the construction of the aqueduct's Mojave conduit.
# Verbrannter Berg

The Verbrannter Berg ("Burnt Mountain") near Wolfgarten in the county of Euskirchen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia is a hill, 516.2 m above sea level (NHN), in the Kermeter, a ridge in the Eifel mountains, in the region of Rur Eifel; at the same time Verbrannter Berg is the name of a parcel of land.

## Origin of the name

The origin of the name is not clear. One possible explanation is the former presence of numerous charcoal piles on the Kermeter in the past.

## Location

The Verbrannter Berg rises in the Eifel National Park on the Kermeter ridge above the valleys of the Rur to the north and the Urft to the south. Its summit lies about 260 metres south of the Landesstraße 15 or Kermeter High Road (Kermeterhochstraße), which runs from the Rur Dam southeastwards over the ridge to the L 249; the latter then runs to the nearby Schleiden village of Wolfgarten.

## Flora

The area around of the Verbrannter Berg forms one of the largest contiguous forests in the state.

## Map

National Park map, walking map no. 50 published by the Eifel Club, North Rhine-Westphalia State Survey Office, 1:25,000, 2008
# Salt marsh common yellowthroat

The salt marsh common yellowthroat, (Geothlypis trichas sinuosa), is a subspecies of the common yellowthroat, a New World warbler.
The salt marsh common yellowthroat has experienced a dramatic 80% decline from the early 20th century through 1976. It is a species of concern for protection in efforts to restore Chelsea Wetlands in Hercules, California.
# Nordyke Marmon & Company

Nordyke Marmon & Company was an American manufacturer of flour mills and located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.

## Early history

The company began in 1851 as the Nordyke, Ham & Company started in the manufacture of milling machinery in a small shop in Richmond, Indiana. Previously, Ellis Nordyke, a prominent millwright, had been making hand made milling equipment himself in Richmond. Buhr stones from France were imported for grinding grains.
In 1858, Addison H. Nordyke and his father, Ellison, formed a partnership in to manufacture and build flour mills. The company was named E. & A. H. Nordyke with a small building just behind Ellis Nordyke's home serving as the first plant. This business continued until 1866 when Daniel W. Marmon joined the firm and the name changed to Nordyke Marmon & Company. Around 1870, Nordyke Marmon & Co. was a major concern in constructing mills. Amos K. Hallowell began with the company in 1875 and stayed through until 1895.
Addison H. Nordyke stayed with the company as an active official until 1899 and as a stockholder and director until 1904. Daniel W. Marmon continued his active official connection with the company until his death in 1909.

## Move to Indianapolis

In 1875, Nordyke Marmon & Company moved to Indianapolis to obtain better manufacturing and shipping facilities. The "Quaker City Works", located in West Indianapolis adjoining the Indianapolis & Vincennes Railroad and Belt Railroads, was purchased in 1876. The firm grew in this location and became known as America's top mill builder.
Nordyke Marmon exported machinery products to Canada, Mexico, Central and South America furnishing complete machinery equipment for flour mills, corn mills, cereal mills, starch and rice mills and elevators. They made roller mills, bolting machines, packers, blending machinery, rice, corn and starch mill machinery and numerous special machines.

## Marmon Motor Car Company

The Marmon sons who were running Nordyke Marmon were dissatisfied with the automobiles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1902 they built a luxury car to satisfy their own demands. Howard Marmon went on to develop the Marmon Motor Car Company.
Nordyke Marmon & Company was bought out by Allis-Chalmers in 1926 and discontinued making mills.

## Sources

* A Brief History of The Nordyke & Marmon Company
* Marmon Motor Car Company
# Nordyke v. King

Nordyke v. King was a case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in which a ban of firearms on all public property and whether the Second Amendment should be applied to the state and local governments is to be decided. After several hearings at different levels of the federal court system, Alameda County, California promised that gun shows could be held on county property, essentially repudiating its ordinance.

## Background

The Board of Supervisors of Alameda County, California had passed Ordinance No. 0-2000-22, codified at General Ordinance Code section 9.12.120, making it a misdemeanor to bring onto or to possess a firearm or ammunition on all County property. Gun show promoters challenged the ordinance.

## Decisions
### Nordyke IV

On April 20, 2009, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court ruling which upheld the Alameda County ordinance. The court accepted Nordyke's argument that the Second Amendment was incorporated through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and so that it applied to the states and local governments. In coming to that conclusion, the court found the right to keep and bear arms is "deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition", a key factor under Duncan v. Louisiana for incorporation. However, the court ruled that the ordinance was constitutional, finding the ban of guns on county property to fall under Heller's doctrine allowing governments to restrict possession in "sensitive" places.

### Nordyke V
#### En banc rehearing

On May 18, 2009, an anonymous judge of the Ninth Circuit called for briefing from both sides on whether the case should be reheard en banc. On July 29, 2009, the Ninth Circuit decided to rehear this case en banc, thereby vacating both parts of the April 20 ruling. After rehearing the case on September 24, 2009, the Ninth Circuit decided to delay ruling on the case until the Supreme Court decided McDonald v. Chicago.

#### Three judge panel rehearing

On July 12, 2010, the case was remanded by the en banc panel to the three judge panel for rehearing following McDonald v. Chicago, and oral arguments were heard by a panel of the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court on October 19, 2010. On May 2, 2011, the court released its decision. Nordyke loses and is sent back to district court to argue the second amendment claim.

### Nordyke VI

Subsequently, the court entertained a request from the plaintiffs for a rehearing en banc, and in June 2011 ordered the defendants to file a response. On November 28, 2011, the full Ninth Circuit Court agreed to hear the case.
The case was reheard on March 19, 2012. During oral arguments the county stated that gun shows were not banned, and could be held with unloaded firearms if they were secured with cables. On April 4, 2012, the court ordered the parties to mediation. On June 1, 2012, the full appeals court ruled that the county law was constitutional, since it allowed gun shows to take place on the fairgrounds, with tight restrictions.
# Salaam, Paris

Salaam, Paris is a novel written by Kavita Daswani, who is a columnist for Women's Wear Daily.

## Plot

The novel is based on a story of a Muslim girl named Tanaya Shah; a young Indian girl mesmerized by western culture. She was raised by her mother and grandfather, as her father abandoned Tanaya's mother when Tanaya was a young child. Tanaya's grandfather treated Tanaya with the utmost respect. He treated her like his own daughter, but Tanaya still felt that she was neglected.
Because Tanaya's mother was abandoned, Tanaya's grandfather (Tanaya's mother's father) would remain extremely cautious of Tanaya's roundabouts. This became difficult for Tanaya, as she wanted to explore the world outside of Mahim; place she Tanaya was born and raised. Adding to this, Tanaya was born in a family where women had the best facial features. This was true for all women in her family, except for her mother. As the story progresses, we learn that Tanaya's mother was thought to have been abandoned because of this lacking feature. Unfortunately, Tanaya's mother was well aware of this fact, and thus hated Tanaya. Over the years, her mother had become sarcastic and cruel towards Tanaya. This was one of the reasons that Tanaya was more attached to her grandfather.
Getting back to Tanaya's fantasy of the western culture; like every young girl, Tanaya was also amazed by the glossy magazines that portrayed women in a stylish way. Tanaya with her best friend, Nilu, would read all western magazines, especially, Teen Cosmo. In private conversations with Nilu, she would often confide about leaving Mahim to Paris. She wanted to become like one of the models. However, modeling was not her passion. All she wanted was freedom, and a new change in her life.
Her grandfather saw it a bit differently. He attested this new change with her married life. Call it a fortunate event, but Tanaya received a proposal. He happened to be the son of Tanaya's grandfather's friend. His name was Tariq Khan, who happened to live in Paris. Tanaya saw this as an opportunity to see Paris.
Fate of luck strikes, and her grandfather allows her to visit Paris, where she became part of the modeling industry. (The book has a detailed account of the difficulties she faces to become a model).
In the end, Tanaya finally marries Tariq Khan, and realizes that she was pursuing rather a mere image of herself.

## Reception

Booklist called it "an engaging and sweet tale".
# Non-dance

Non-dance is a choreographic movement within contemporary dance. It began in the 1990, principally in France. Its practitioners see it as a transdisciplinary movement, dispensing with the movement vocabulary of traditional dance to integrate or substitute that of other performing arts (theater, video, music, and plastic arts).

## History

Most of the choreographers who developed non-dance came from the milieu of nouvelle danse française (also known as jeune danse française: "new" or "young" French dance) in which they participated as performers in the 1980s. They became choreographers in the 1990s, their work focusing increasingly on creating pieces where dance and dance movement disappear in favor of many other activities or theatrical techniques, including legitimate theater, lectures, plastic arts, music, and often video, film, or projections. The resulting performances are akin to performance art; in some cases, dancers as such are not even necessary to the execution of the work: the choreographer-author speaking through other media and sometimes in places not originally intended for dance performances, such as museums.
The precursor to this movement is Orazio Massaro (a dancer in the company of Dominique Bagouet from 1987 to 1990), who created the piece Volare for the Montpellier Dance Festival in 1990. In that piece, for the first time in the history of French contemporary dance, six dancers were deprived of choreography and become actors, in a critical look at dance through their autobiographical stories.
Major choreographers associated with non-dance include Boris Charmatz, Jérôme Bel, Hervé Robbe, Xavier Le Roy, Alain Buffard, Benoît Lachambre, Josef Nadj, Maguy Marin (in her recent pieces), Carlotta Sagna, Vahram Zaryan (in his recent mime and dance performances) and Wayn Traub.