OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Florence Collingbourne

Florence Eliza Collingbourne (January 1880 – 8 July 1946) was a British actress, singer and stage beauty known for her appearances in Edwardian musical comedies. One of George Edwardes' Gaiety Girls, she took over the title role in San Toy and originated the role of Nancy Staunton in The Toreador.

## Life and career

Collingbourne was born in Camberwell in London in 1880, the daughter of Maria Eleanor née Witham (1858–1888) and Henry Ashdown Collingbourne (1859-), a printer's labourer. Her mother died when she was 8 years old, following which she was raised by her aunt and uncle. She was living alone in Camberwell in 1901.
Her stage appearances include a series of Edwardian musical comedies produced by George Edwardes, such as A Greek Slave at Daly's Theatre (1898) and Gladys Stourton in A Gaiety Girl at the Gaiety Theatre (1899). She originated the small role of Yung Shi (and later took over the title role) in San Toy at Daly's (1899–1900), Girl in The Wicked Uncle at the Gaiety (1900) and Nancy Staunton in The Toreador at the Gaiety (1901–1902).
She left the production to marry Laurence Margetson (1874–1928), a hosiery manufacturer, with whom she had three children: William Laurence Margetson (1902–1992); Colleen Mary Margetson (1908–1995), and the novelist and writer Stella Margetson (1912–1992). After her marriage she retired from acting. In 1906 she briefly came out of retirement to appear in a farewell benefit for Emily Soldene at the Palace Theatre, London with Seymour Hicks and Rutland Barrington among others where she sang 'L'Ete' by Madame Chaminade. In her later years she lived at The Holdynge, Aldwick Avenue in Bognor Regis in Sussex.
Collingbourne died aged 66 at the District Hospital in Dorking in Surrey in 1946. In her will she left £27,306 7s 9d to her children.
# October Road

October Road may refer to:
* October Road (album), 2002
* October Road (TV series), 2007
# Schistura vinciguerrae

Schistura vinciguerrae is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Schistura which is found in the Irrawaddy and Salween River basins in Myanmar, and the Chindwin drainage in Myanmar and Manipur, India. The specific name honours the Italian ichthyologist Decio Vinciguerra, who classified Burmese fishes and described the species, Schistura multifasciata, which S. vinciguerrae was separated from.
# Schistura waltoni

Schistura waltoni is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Schistura. It is a species of in streams which have a moderate to fast current where it can be found in riffles, over gravel to rock beds. It is often recorded in small streams in forest, even where the water is very shallow. It occurs in the upper reaches the Chao Phraya watershed in Thailand in the rivers Mae Nam Ping, Mae Nam Wang and Mae Nam Yom. The specific name honours Joseph Walton a 19th Century contributor to the fish collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
# Oedemera lurida

Oedemera lurida is a species of beetle belonging to the family Oedemeridae subfamily Oedemerinae.

## Description

Oedemera lurida has a length of about 5–7 millimetres (0.20–0.28 in). The body of these insects is metallic pale-green, gray-green or brownish. Males of this species do not have the thickened hind femora of most males of the other Oedemera species. The elytra are narrow and covered with dense gray hairs. Antennae are eleven-segmented and finely pubescent.
This species belongs to a complex of three species, the Oedemera-lurida-complex, which are quite difficult to distinguish one from the other, as the separation relies on subtle characters. These beetles usually need to be dissected and examined under the microscope. While the Oedemera lurida is, on average, smaller than Oedemera virescens, size is not typically used to distinguish the two.
Larvae develop in rotten wood or humus and feed on stems of herbaceous plants and on rotten wood, while adult beetles feed on pollen and nectar of a wide variety of flowers, especially of umbels, Taraxacum and Ranunculus flowers and hawthorns. They can mostly be encountered from April through July.

## Distribution

These beetles are present in most of Europe, in North Africa and in the Near East.

## Habitat

Oedemera lurida lives in forests and forest edges, clearings, meadows and fields.
# Fonar Corp. v. General Electric Co.

Fonar Corp. v. General Electric Co., 107 F.3d 1543 (Fed. Cir. 1997), was a case decided in 1997 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit concerning source code and the disclosure requirement for software patents.

## Case details
### Factual background

Fonar was a dispute between medical device manufacturer Fonar Corporation and General Electric over Fonar's patent on MRI technology. Fonar's founder, Raymond Damadian, was issued U.S. Patent 3,789,832 (priority date 1972-03-17) for an "apparatus and method for detecting cancer in tissue" using the magnetic resonance of atoms. Damadian's patent was the first patent on an MRI machine issued in the United States. Also at issue was a later patent, U.S. Patent 4,871,966 issued in 1989, covering a method for obtaining MRI images of multiple planes at different orientations in a single scan. GE is a major manufacturer of MRI scanners, and Fonar sued GE for infringing these patents by producing its scanners as well as inducing others to infringe.

### Procedural history

A jury in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York found that GE infringed patent 4,871,966 and awarded Fonar $110.5 million in damages (reduced on appeal to $103.4 million). GE appealed this verdict to the Federal Circuit. The District Court also granted GE's motion for judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) that GE did not infringe patent 3,789,832, which Fonar cross-appealed to the Federal Circuit as well.
The Federal Circuit found for Fonar on both issues, upholding the jury's verdict and reversing the JMOL concerning patent 3,789,832. GE appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which denied certiorari. GE ultimately paid Fonar over $120 million in damages plus interest.

### Issues

The core of GE's defense rest on its claim that Fonar failed to meet the best mode requirement in disclosing patent 4,871,966 because it failed to disclose the source code to two critical software routines. Fonar countered by arguing that its description of the function of the routines was sufficient disclosure and that source code was unnecessary to fulfill the best mode requirement.

### Holding

The court held that software patents generally do not need to include source code to satisfy the best mode requirement if the function of the software can be described by other means.

## Importance

Fonar represents a continuation of a line of Federal Circuit cases, particularly In re Sherwood and In re Hayes, holding that source code disclosure is not required for software patents. Fonar reiterated the doctrine from Sherwood and Hayes very clearly and emphasized the Federal Circuit's preference for a description of a software's function over the software's actual source code.
# Flores Magón

Flores Magón is a Mexican surname.
People with the surname Flores Magón include the trio of Mexican anarchist brothers:
* Ricardo Flores Magón (1874–1922)
* Jesús Flores Magón (1871–1930)
* Enrique Flores Magón (1877-1954)
# Maranda High School

Maranda High School is a boys' boarding secondary school located in Siaya County, Kenya. The school was founded in 1919 by Shadrack Osewe Agot. It has a good performance record, especially since the inception of the 8-4-4 Curriculum in Kenya. The current principal is Edwin Wafula Namachanja who succeeded Boaz Owino.

## Description

The Secondary education institution is approximately 5 kilometres from Bondo and has a consistent long time record in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. The principal is Edwin Namachanja. The school as of 2018 had a population of about 2400. Maranda High school is considered a national school under the 8-4-4 curriculum and is one of the top performing schools in Nyanza region (formerly Nyanza Province) of Kenya as well as nationally.

## Academic record

The high school ranks consistently in the top 10 schools in Kenya in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examinations, coming in 4th in 2010, 1st in 2011, 7th in 2012 and 2nd in 2014.

## Fires

The school closed on 20 September 2012, after a fire in a dormitory that was thought to be caused by an electrical fault. There was another major fire in the school in January 2013, which destroyed two dorms.
# Gabriele Nothhelfer

Gabriele Nothhelfer (born 1945) is a German photographer. Nothhelfer was born in Berlin.
Her work is included in the collections of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, the Centre Pompidou, Paris, and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston.

## Life and work

Gabriele and Helmut Nothhelfer were trained together at the Lette School in Berlin (photography department) from 1967 to 1969. This was followed by a period of study at the Folkwangschule für Gestaltung in Essen with Otto Steinert from 1969 to 1970. Gabriele Nothhelfer worked as a scientific-technical photographer at the Institute of Land and Sea Transport (Department of Motor Vehicles) at Technische Universität Berlin from 1972 to 2006, and Helmut Nothhelfer was a scientific-technical photographer at the Dental Clinic of the Free University of Berlin from 1971 to 2006. The couple married in 1973.
# Soldanella villosa

Soldanella villosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, native to the western Pyrenees. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental.
# Dioryctria monticolella

Dioryctria monticolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura, Eugene G. Munroe and Douglas Alexander Ross in 1969, and it is known from southern British Columbia, Canada.
# Curtia

Curtia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gentianaceae.
Its native range is Southern Tropical America.
Species:
* Curtia ayangannae L.Cobb & Jans.-Jac.
* Curtia conferta (Mart.) Knobl.
* Curtia confusa Grothe & Maas
* Curtia diffusa Cham.
* Curtia intermedia (Progel) Knobl.
* Curtia malmeana Gilg
* Curtia obtusifolia (Benth.) Knobl.
* Curtia patula (Mart.) Knobl.
* Curtia pusilla (Griseb.) Knobl.
* Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl.
* Curtia verticillaris (Spreng.) Knobl.
# Dynamic Tension

"Dynamic Tension" is the name Charles Atlas gave to the system of physical exercises that he first popularized in the 1920s.
Dynamic Tension is a self-resistance exercise method which pits muscle against muscle. The practitioner tenses the muscles of a given body part and then moves the body part against the tension as if a heavy weight were being lifted. Dynamic Tension exercises are not merely isometrics, since they call for movement. Instead, the method comprises a combination of exercises in three disciplines: isotonic, isokinetic, and some exercises in the isometric discipline.
Charles Atlas Ltd., which Atlas incorporated in 1929, owns the trademark for Dynamic Tension.

## History

After being bullied as a child, Charles Atlas joined the YMCA and began to do numerous exercise routines. He became obsessed with strength. He said that one day he watched a tiger stretching in the zoo and asked himself, "How does Mr. Tiger keep in physical condition? Did you ever see a tiger with a barbell?" He concluded that lions and tigers became strong by pitting muscle against muscle.
The story may be apocryphal, but it captures the essence of Atlas's innovation. There were many other "isometric" courses available at the time, and sales took off only after Atlas used an advertisement depicting a bully kicking sand in a weakling's face. Some other notable users of this method include Joe DiMaggio, Max Baer, Rocky Marciano, Joe Louis, Robert Ripley and Alan Wells.
# Drahkov

Drahkov is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Drahkov lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Plzeň and 91 km (57 mi) south-west of Prague.
# Rhea Kohan

Rhea Kohan (née Arnold) is an American writer, author of the novels Save Me a Seat (1979) and Hand-Me-Downs (1980).

## Biography

Born Rhea Arnold, Kohan grew up in a traditional Jewish home in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother was a homemaker and her father was a school principal who moonlighted as head of the local yeshiva. She studied chemistry in college.
She is the wife of Emmy award-winning writer, producer, and composer, Buz Kohan, and mother of twins Jono and David, and Jenji Kohan.

## Published works

* Kohan, Rhea (1979). Save Me a Seat. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0060124281.
* Kohan, Rhea (1980). Hand-Me-Downs. Random House. ISBN 978-0394511610.
# Desert hairy scorpion

Desert hairy scorpion can refer to the following scorpion species in the genus Hadrurus:
* Giant desert hairy scorpion (H. arizonensis)
* Northern desert hairy scorpion (H. spadix)
# Devaragudda

Devaragudda (Kannada ದೆವರಗುಡ್ಡ), also known as Dharmaragudda, is a hill near Ranebennur in Haveri district in Karnataka State, India, well-known for a temple on its summit that attracts worshippers from around the state. In Kannada, its name means "the sacred hill belonging to the almighty". The nearest railroad is at Ranebennur, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. The nearest airport is at Hubli, 113 kilometres (70 mi) away.

## Temple

On top of Devaragudda is situated the temple of Lord Malatesha (ಮಾಲತೆಶ್) (the deity is also known as Jyotiba / Khandoba in some parts of the neighboring state of Maharashtra, in Andhra Pradesh the same Deity is called Mallanna). This temple is operated and maintained privately by a family residing within the temple premises as well as Karnataka government mujarai department . Religious rituals are performed here on a daily basis and special pujas are performed on Poornimas (Kannada ಹುಣ್ಣಿಮೆ, a full moon day), Saturdays and Sundays. In every February/March on particular poornima/full moon day called as BHARATH HUNNIME locally, around 80,000 - 100,000 devotees visit the holy place/day for about 10–15 days . On this particular BHARATH HUNNIME in a particular ritual called as KARNIKA forecast for the current year is predicted in the temple. On this particular day a new pair of leather chappals of about the size of 2 feet are kept in the temple which will have foot impressions of Lord Malathesha by next morning.
Within the temple premises one can also see a number of men with a peculiar clothing. They are called Gorawappa. These Gorawappa's are typically dressed in black colored gowns made of sheep wool and with religious symbols set on them. These men wear turbans on their heads and carry tridents and other religious mascots along with them. They are considered to be the messenger of the lord. Here one can occasionally see the devotees calling for the lord, "Yelukoti, Yelukoti, Yelukotigo... Changmalo, Changmalo", which means, "Oh, the great conqueror of seven forts, I have come to your shelter".
Devaragudda has a typical tropical weather ranging from 18 degrees Celsius during winters to 36 degrees in summer.
Legend has that, Malatesha Swamy appeared as god to kill two rakshasas who used to torture and kill innocents near by place till that Malatesha Swamy was there as a Shepherd and used to look after the sheep too.
# Felipe Vaqueriza

Felipe Vaqueriza Rodríguez (born 23 January 1975, in Madrid) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.

## Honours
### Spain U17

* FIFA U-17 World Cup: Runner-up 1991
# Dhun

A dhun (Hindi: धुन; literally "tune") is a light instrumental piece in Hindustani classical music. Although it may be played in a raga, or mode (often light ragas such as Khamaj), it is more freely interpreted and may incorporate foreign notes (vivadi).
A dhun may be based on a folk tune or a religious, bhajan-type song, or even a filmi song.
# Diane et Endymion

Diane et Endymion (Diana and Endymion) is a French-language opera by the composer Niccolò Piccinni, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris (the Paris Opera) on 7 September 1784. It takes the form of an opéra (tragédie lyrique) in three acts. The libretto, by Jean-François Espic Chevalier de Liroux, is based on the story of the goddess Diana's love for the shepherd Endymion.

## Sources

* (in French) Félix Clément and Pierre Larousse Dictionnaire des Opéras, p. 212.
* This article about a French-language opera is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dianthus glacialis

Dianthus glacialis, the glacier pink or ice pink, is a species of pink native to the eastern Alps and the Carpathians. A dwarf species, it reaches at most 10 cm, and prefers to grow on granite.
# Dick Carroll (baseball)

Richard Thomas Carroll (July 21, 1884 – November 22, 1945), nicknamed "Shawdow", was a Major League Baseball pitcher. Carroll played for the New York Highlanders in 1909. In 2 career games, he had a 0–0 record with a 3.60 ERA. He batted and threw right-handed.
Carroll was born and died in Cleveland, Ohio.
# Dichomeris mercatrix

Dichomeris mercatrix is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia, New York and Indiana.
# Dichomeris memnonia

Dichomeris memnonia is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1913. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The wingspan is about 15 mm (0.59 in). The forewings are dark ashy purplish fuscous with bronzy-blackish markings, as well as an oblique transverse bar in the disc at one-fourth, not reaching the margins. There is also a broad cloudy transverse median fascia and a moderately broad fascia from four-fifths of the costa to the tornus. There is also a narrow terminal fascia. The hindwings are dark fuscous.
# Toledo Township, Tama County, Iowa

Toledo Township is one of the twenty-one townships of Tama County, Iowa, United States.
# Diegem

Diegem is a town in the municipality of Machelen, in the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium. Diegem's postal code is 1831. The official language of Diegem is Dutch, as in the rest of Flanders.
A portion of Brussels Airport is located in Diegem, together with neighbouring town of Zaventem. Diegem's situation just outside the Brussels-Capital Region and close to the R0 (the Brussels orbital motorway) also means it has a large number of business premises. The town is served by Diegem railway station, which is situated on the Brussels–Leuven railway line between Haren-South and Brussels Airport-Zaventem stations.

## Sights

Diegem's Gothic church, inaugurated in 1543, in the centre of town, has a conspicuous tiered spire.

## Economy

Brussels Airlines has its corporate head office in the b.house in Zaventem and in Diegem. Brussels Airlines formed in 2006 as a result of a merger between SN Brussels and Virgin Express.
The Europe, Middle East, and Africa operations of Chevron Phillips are based in Stockholm Building in Airport Plaza in Diegem.
The 3M company has had a European office at Hermeslaan 7 in Diegem since 1970.

## Education

Primary schools in Diegem include Gemeentelijke Basisschool De Fonkel and Parochiale Basisschool. GISO Machelen provides secondary education to Diegem residents. Bibliotheek Machelen-Diegem is the public library of the town.

## Sports

The Superprestige Diegem is a December evening cyclo-cross race held in Diegem, Belgium, which is part of the Superprestige.
Football club Diegem Sport is the town club and plays in the Belgian Third Division.

## Sister Cities

Diegem became sister cities with Northbrook, Illinois, USA, in 1966.
# Digita ampullai

Digita ampullai is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Michael Fibiger in 2008. It is known from Taiwan.
Adults have been found from March to December, probably in several generations.
The wingspan is 9–10 mm.
# Digit symbol substitution test

Digit symbol substitution test (DSST) is a neuropsychological test sensitive to brain damage, dementia, age and depression. The test is not sensitive to the location of brain-damage (except for damage comprising part of the visual field). It consists of (e.g. nine) digit-symbol pairs (e.g. 1/-, 2/┴, ... 7/Λ, 8/X, 9/=) followed by a list of digits. Under each digit the subject should write down the corresponding symbol as fast as possible. The number of correct symbols within the allowed time (e.g. 90 or 120 sec) is measured.
The DSST contained in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is called 'Digit Symbol' (WAIS-R), 'Digit-Symbol-Coding' (WAIS-III), or most recently, 'Coding' (WAIS-IV). Based on The Boston Process Approach to assessment, in order to examine the role of memory in Digit-Symbol-Coding performance, WAIS-III (but not WAIS-IV) contains an optional implicit learning test: after the Digit Symbol-Coding test paired and free recall of the symbols is assessed.
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) administered the DSST to over three thousand participants 60 years and older in 2011–2014. Trained interviewers administered the test at the end of a face-to-face private interview in an examination center and two interviewers independently scored the test. An extensive analysis of these data has been published. Scores (mean, 25th percentile, 75th percentile) declined with age: 60-69y: 57, 46, 68; 70-79y: 48, 38, 68; 80+y: 40, 29, 49.
# Dielsiothamnus

Dielsiothamnus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Annonaceae. The only species is Dielsiothamnus divaricatus.
Its native range is Tanzania.
# Rhinocoeta

Rhinocoeta is a genus of colorful beetles belonging to the subfamily Cetoniinae, family Scarabaeidae.

## Taxonomy

Subgenus Rhinocoeta Burmeister, 1842
* Rhinocoeta armata Boheman, 1857
* Rhinocoeta cornuta (Fabricius, 1781)
* Rhinocoeta jenisi Krajcik, 2006
* Rhinocoeta limbaticollis Péringuey, 1901
* Rhinocoeta maraisi Holm, 1992
* Rhinocoeta sanguinipes (Gory & Percheron, 1833)
Subgenus Haematonotus Kraatz, 1880
* Rhinocoeta leonardi Beinhundner, 2013
* Rhinocoeta ruteri Basilewsky, 1956
* Rhinocoeta turbida (Boheman, 1860)
* Rhinocoeta hauseri (Kraatz, 1896)
# Rhimphalea lindusalis

Rhimphalea lindusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found on Borneo, the Solomon Islands and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
# Rhimphalea perlescens

Rhimphalea perlescens is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Whalley in 1962. It is found on the Solomon Islands, where it has been recorded from Rennell Island.
# Rich Hill Township, Livingston County, Missouri

Rich Hill Township is a township in Livingston County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Rich Hill Township was established in 1872, and so named on account of their fertile soil.
# Rich Hill Township, Muskingum County, Ohio

Rich Hill Township is one of the twenty-five townships of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 489 people in the township.

## Geography

Located on the eastern edge of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Union Township - north
* Westland Township, Guernsey County - northeast
* Spencer Township, Guernsey County - east
* Brookfield Township, Noble County - southeast corner
* Meigs Township - south
* Blue Rock Township - southwest corner
* Salt Creek Township - west
No municipalities are located in Rich Hill Township.

## Name and history

Rich Hill Township was established in 1815. It is the only Rich Hill Township statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.