OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lyons Groups of Galaxies

Lyons Groups of Galaxies (or LGG) is an astronomical catalog of nearby groups of galaxies complete to a limiting apparent magnitude B0=14.0 with a recession velocity smaller than 5,500 km/s. The catalogue was obtained from the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database. Two methods were used in group construction: a percolation method derived from Huchra and Geller and a hierarchical method initiated by R. Brent Tully. The catalog is a synthesized version of the two results.
The LGG includes 485 groups and 3,933 member galaxies.
# Garrafe de Torío

Garrafe de Torío (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,267 inhabitants.
# John Gordon Eliott

John Gordon Eliott (24 January 1872 – 16 May 1948) was a Reform Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.
He was elected to the Oroua electorate in the 1925 general election, but was defeated in 1928.
He had four children, one was also named John Gordon and served in World War I.
# 1QBit

1QB Information Technologies, Inc. (1QBit) is a quantum computing software company, based in Vancouver, British Columbia. 1QBit was founded on December 1, 2012 and has established hardware partnerships with Microsoft, IBM, Fujitsu and D-Wave Systems. While 1QBit develops general purpose algorithms for quantum computing hardware, the organization is primarily focused on computational finance, materials science, quantum chemistry, and the life sciences.

## Technology

1QBit has divisions focused on universal quantum computing, advanced AI techniques, cloud based quantum processing, and hardware innovation.
1QBit's 1Qloud platform is focused on optimization including reformulating optimization problems into the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) format necessary to compute with quantum annealing processors and similar devices from organizations such as Fujitsu, D-Wave, Hitachi and NTT, while their QEMIST platform is focused on advanced materials and quantum chemistry research with universal quantum computing processors.

## History

1QBit was founded as the first dedicated quantum computing software company in 2012. In 2013, 1QBit raised seed funding from US and Canadian angel investors, before closing a Series A financing round led by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 2014.
On August 5, 2015, the World Economic Forum announced 1QBit as a recipient of the 2015 Technology Pioneer Award recognizing 1QBit as a leader among the world's most promising technology companies. In 2017, 1QBit raised a $45M Series B financing round led by Fujitsu with participation from Allianz, Accenture, The Royal Bank of Scotland and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. In April 2018, 1QBit joined the IBM Q Network, a global community of leading Fortune 500 companies, academic institutions, startups, and national research labs designed to explore practical applications for quantum computing.
In May 2020, 1QBit and its collaborators serving health authorities from East to West obtained support from the Digital Technology Supercluster to facilitate the clinical implementation of XrAI, the first Artificial Intelligence (AI) radiology platform to be accredited by Health Canada as a Class III Medical Device.

## Locations

1QBit is headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In early 2019, 1QBit opened a hardware innovation lab at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario.
# Skovsgård

Skovsgård is a village in North Jutland, Denmark. It is located in Jammerbugt Municipality.
# Flaviramulus aestuariivivens

Flaviramulus aestuariivivens is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium from the genus of Flaviramulus which has been isolated from tidal flat from Oido in Korea.
# Wood grain (disambiguation)

Wood grain most commonly refers to the texture and appearance of the wood fibres.
Wood grain may refer to:
* Wood Grain Wheel, a single from Slim Thug
* "Woodgrain", a song by Modest Mouse on the album Blue Cadet-3, Do You Connect?
# M 1-42

M 1-42 is a planetary nebula located in the constellation of Sagittarius, 10 000 light-years away from Earth.

## Nickname

The nebula has been nicknamed the "Eye of Sauron Nebula" due to its resemblance to the Lord of the Rings film artifact.
# Lyons Hall

Lyons Hall may refer to:
* Lyons Hall, Essex, a historic manor in Essex
* Lyons Hall (University of Notre Dame), a residence hall at the University of Notre Dame
# 1877 Brooklyn Hartfords season

The Hartford Dark Blues moved to Brooklyn, New York prior to the 1877 season and were renamed as the Brooklyn Hartfords. This was to be the Hartfords' last season, as they disbanded following the completion of their schedule.

## Regular season
### Season standings

vteNational League :
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| Boston | 42 | 18 | .700 | — | 27‍–‍5 | 15‍–‍13 |
| Louisville | 35 | 25 | .583 | 7 | 20‍–‍9 | 15‍–‍16 |
| Brooklyn Hartfords | 31 | 27 | .534 | 10 | 19‍–‍8 | 12‍–‍19 |
| St. Louis | 28 | 32 | .467 | 14 | 20‍–‍10 | 8‍–‍22 |
| Chicago | 26 | 33 | .441 | 15½ | 17‍–‍12 | 9‍–‍21 |
| Cincinnati | 15 | 42 | .263 | 25½ | 12‍–‍18 | 3‍–‍24 |

### Record vs. opponents

1877 National League recordvte Sources: :
| Team | BOS | BKN | CHI | CIN | LOU | STL |
| Boston | — | 7–5–1 | 10–2 | 11–1 | 8–4 | 6–6 |
| Brooklyn | 5–7–1 | — | 8–4 | 7–3 | 6–6–1 | 5–7 |
| Chicago | 2–10 | 4–8 | — | 8–3–1 | 4–8 | 8–4 |
| Cincinnati | 1–11 | 3–7 | 3–8–1 | — | 5–7 | 3–9 |
| Louisville | 4–8 | 6–6–1 | 8–4 | 7–5 | — | 10–2 |
| St. Louis | 6–6 | 7–5 | 4–8 | 9–3 | 2–10 | — |

### Roster
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| C | Bill Harbridge | 41 | 167 | 37 | .222 | 0 | 8 |
| 1B | Joe Start | 60 | 271 | 90 | .332 | 1 | 21 |
| 2B | Jack Burdock | 58 | 277 | 72 | .256 | 0 | 35 |
| 3B | Bob Ferguson | 58 | 254 | 65 | .256 | 0 | 35 |
| SS | Tom Carey | 60 | 274 | 70 | .255 | 1 | 20 |
| OF | John Cassidy | 60 | 251 | 95 | .378 | 0 | 27 |
| OF | Tom York | 56 | 237 | 67 | .283 | 1 | 37 |
| OF | Jim Holdsworth | 55 | 260 | 66 | .254 | 0 | 20 |

#### Other batters

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| Doug Allison | 29 | 115 | 17 | .148 | 0 | 6 |
| Live Oak Taylor | 2 | 8 | 3 | .375 | 0 | 0 |
| John Bass | 1 | 4 | 1 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Josh Bunce | 1 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| John Maloney | 1 | 4 | 1 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Israel Pike | 1 | 4 | 1 | .250 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| Terry Larkin | 56 | 501.0 | 29 | 25 | 2.14 | 96 |
| John Cassidy | 2 | 18.0 | 1 | 1 | 5.00 | 2 |

#### Other pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| Bob Ferguson | 3 | 25.0 | 1 | 1 | 3.96 | 1 |
# John Gordon Fowler

John Gordon Fowler (September 6, 1905 – December 8, 1971) was a United States Air Force brigadier general who was a recipient of the Legion of Merit.

## Biography
### Early life

Fowler was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1905. In 1924 he graduated from Lake View High School in the same city, and four years later got a degree in engineering from Northwestern University. He entered Primary Flying School as a flying cadet at March Field, California and later on was transferred to the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field, Texas, from which he graduated on June 22, 1929, and the same year became second lieutenant. In October of the same year he was a pilot at Selfridge Field, Michigan. Between 1930 and 1940 he was a flying instructor and pilot at more than one base of the United States and Hawaii. In July 1940 he entered into the Air Corps Tactical School at Maxwell Field, Alabama from which he graduated in September of the same year and was given a task to command Second Bomb Group at Langley Field, Virginia.

### World War II

When World War II began, he became an assistant chief of staff for the Anti-Submarine Command in New York City where he also became deputy chief of staff for the First Air Force at Mitchel Field, New York in October 1943. In June 1944 Fowler worked with the 20th Air Force at Colorado Springs, Colorado where he operated 314th Bomb Wing which was sent by him to Guam. In September 1945, he took command of the 20th Air Force Combat Staging Center at Iwo Jima and a month later he became commanding officer of the 315th Bomb Wing.

### Postwar era

On July 1, 1946, he worked for the Japan Air Materiel Area Command as chief of administration. In August 1947 Fowler became an assistant commandant of the 2621st Base Unit at Barksdale Field, Louisiana and next year he took command of the 2518th Base Unit at Enid Air Force Base, Oklahoma. Later on, in October 1949, he moved to Randolph Field, Texas where he was in charge of the 3510th Pilot Training Wing and a year later, in August, entered into the National War College in Washington, D. C. He graduated from there in June and was stationed at Joint Subsidiary Plans Division as the Air Force member.
In March 1952, Fowler became a deputy to the assistant at the Air Force Headquarters and in April he was already an assistant deputy director and became a deputy director a couple of months later. He came back to Tokyo, Japan in September 1954, and worked at the Far East Air Forces Headquarters as a deputy for intelligence. From December 1954 to June 1955 he worked in Korea as a United Nations Command, Military Armistice Commissioner and on April 17, 1956, was assigned at the United Nations and Far East Command in Tokyo. He retired in May 1959 and died on December 8, 1971.
# Betaha

Betaha is a village in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, India. According to the 2020 census of India, it has a population of nearly 10,000 people. It is a Muslim-majority village.
# Fissurella bravensis

Fissurella bravensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm (0.20 in).

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cape Verde.
# Pentrefelin Halt railway station

Pentrefelin Halt railway station was a station on the Swansea District line in Wales. It opened on 16 April 1928, and closed on 11 June 1956.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Morriston West Line and station closed | Great Western Railway Morriston Branch | Felin Fran Halt Line and station closed |
# Mackey topology

In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the Mackey topology, named after George Mackey, is the finest topology for a topological vector space which still preserves the continuous dual. In other words the Mackey topology does not make linear functions continuous which were discontinuous in the default topology. A topological vector space (TVS) is called a Mackey space if its topology is the same as the Mackey topology.
The Mackey topology is the opposite of the weak topology, which is the coarsest topology on a topological vector space which preserves the continuity of all linear functions in the continuous dual.
The Mackey–Arens theorem states that all possible dual topologies are finer than the weak topology and coarser than the Mackey topology.

## Definition
### Definition for a pairing

Given a pairing $(X,Y,b),$ the Mackey topology on $X$ induced by $(X,Y,b),$ denoted by $\tau (X,Y,b),$ is the polar topology defined on $X$ by using the set of all $\sigma (Y,X,b)$-compact disks in $Y.$
When $X$ is endowed with the Mackey topology then it will be denoted by $X_{\tau (X,Y,b)}$ or simply $X_{\tau (X,Y)}$ or $X_{\tau }$ if no ambiguity can arise.
A linear map $F:X\to W$ is said to be Mackey continuous (with respect to pairings $(X,Y,b)$ and $(W,Z,c)$) if $F:(X,\tau (X,Y,b))\to (W,\tau (W,Z,c))$ is continuous.

### Definition for a topological vector space

The definition of the Mackey topology for a topological vector space (TVS) is a specialization of the above definition of the Mackey topology of a pairing. If $X$ is a TVS with continuous dual space $X^{\prime },$ then the evaluation map $\left(x,x^{\prime }\right)\mapsto x^{\prime }(x)$ on $X\times X^{\prime }$ is called the canonical pairing.
The Mackey topology on a TVS $X,$ denoted by $\tau \left(X,X^{\prime }\right),$ is the Mackey topology on $X$ induced by the canonical pairing $\left\langle X,X^{\prime }\right\rangle .$
That is, the Mackey topology is the polar topology on $X$ obtained by using the set of all weak*-compact disks in $X^{\prime }.$ When $X$ is endowed with the Mackey topology then it will be denoted by $X_{\tau \left(X,X^{\prime }\right)}$ or simply $X_{\tau }$ if no ambiguity can arise.
A linear map $F:X\to Y$ between TVSs is Mackey continuous if $F:\left(X,\tau \left(X,X^{\prime }\right)\right)\to \left(Y,\tau \left(Y,Y^{\prime }\right)\right)$ is continuous.

## Examples

Every metrizable locally convex $(X,\nu )$ with continuous dual $X^{\prime }$ carries the Mackey topology, that is $\nu =\tau \left(X,X^{\prime }\right)$ or to put it more succinctly every metrizable locally convex space is a Mackey space.
Every Hausdorff barreled locally convex space is Mackey.
Every Fréchet space $(X,\nu )$ carries the Mackey topology and the topology coincides with the strong topology, that is $\nu =\tau \left(X,X^{\prime }\right)=\beta \left(X,X^{\prime }\right).$

## Applications

The Mackey topology has an application in economies with infinitely many commodities.
# Gordon Murray (disambiguation)

Gordon Murray is a South African car designer.
Gordon Murray may also refer to:
* Gordon Murray (politician) (1927–2015), Scottish nationalist politician
* Gordon Murray (puppeteer) (1921–2016), British television producer and puppeteer
* K. Gordon Murray (1922–1979), American film producer
* Donald Walter Gordon Murray (1894–1976), aka Gordon Murray, Canadian surgeon
* Gordon Murray, Scottish architect, see Gordon Murray & Alan Dunlop Architects
* Gordon S. Murray, co-author of The Investment Answer
# Ernst Mauritz Dahlin

Ernst Mauritz Dahlin (1843–1929) was a Swedish mathematician who is known by his work on history of mathematics.

## Life and work

Dahlin graduated from Östersund's Higher Elementary School in 1854, he studied at Uppsala Higher School in 1858–1859 and then again at Östersund's Higher School where he graduated from matriculation exam in 1867. He became a student at Uppsala University in 1869, Philosophy graduate in 1873 and PhD in 1875 with a thesis about the history of mathematics in Sweden before 1679.
In the same year, Dahlin was named lecturer in the history of mathematics at Uppsala University, but when the subject was considered too specific, he instead became lecturer in mathematics. However, he was not a prominent mathematician and lacked the prerequisites for the service. Prior to leaving the university, he had prepared a continuation of the history of Swedish mathematics after 1679. Instead, he became an extraordinary official in the Riksbank in 1876, and in the same year he was teacher at the prison at Långholmen.
Dahlin was the school principal at the prison in Malmö from 1877 to 1878, extra teacher in mathematics for the mechanical department at Malmö Navigation School from 1877 to 1903 and secretary at the prison assembly in Malmö from 1878 to 1913.
Dahlin's work was a pioneering work in Swedish mathematics history. He received the Uppsala's Philosophical Faculty Second Prize in 1875, became the Knight of the Order of Vasa in 1895 and received an Honorary Degree on Philosophy the same year.
# Gandaogo

Gandaogo is a town in the Zoungou Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 2,277.
# John Grey (British Army officer, died 1760)

Major-General John Grey (died 10 March 1760) was an officer of the British Army.

## Background

Entering the Army on 17 February 1710 as an ensign Grey served in the King's Regiment of Foot. On 22 December 1712 he was promoted lieutenant, but was placed on half-pay when his company was reduced in 1713. He was restored to full-pay in 1716, promoted captain-lieutenant on 1 January 1727, and to captain on 10 December 1731.
Grey served with the King's Regiment as a captain in the campaign of 1743. Towards the end of the Battle of Dettingen he took command of the regiment after Lieutenant-Colonel Keightley and Major Barry were wounded. For his services at Dettingen he was promoted major on 14 July 1743, following Barry's death. He was later present at the Battle of Fontenoy, where he was wounded. Grey was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 14th Regiment of Foot on 17 February 1746, and colonel of the 54th Regiment of Foot on 5 April 1757. He was promoted to major-general on 25 June 1759. He died on 10 March 1760 and was buried at St James's Church, Piccadilly, on 15 March 1760.
# High Heels (CLC EP)

High Heels is the debut Japanese extended play (fourth overall) by the South Korean girl group CLC. It was released on April 13, 2016 by Cube Entertainment (Japan). "High Heels" was released as the lead single.

## Background and promotion

On March 4, Cube Entertainment announced that CLC will be making their Japanese debut on April 13, starting with their overseas promotion. The mini-album includes the Japanese versions of previously released songs, "Pepe", "Curious", "First Love" and their promotional single "High Heels". The album also includes an exclusive cover of Kylie Minogue's song, "I Should Be So Lucky". The group held their 1st Japanese showcase with only 6-members as member Eunbin (former Produce 101 contestant) was reported to be not participating in the group's Japanese promotions.

## Editions

The mini-album is available in two different editions, including: Type A (CD) and Type B (CD+DVD) version.

## Charts

| Chart (2016) | Peak position |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 23 |
# William Preston (bishop)

William Preston, D.D. (1729 (1729) – (1789-04-19)19 April 1789) was an Irish Anglican bishop.

## Life

William Preston was the son of John Preston of Hincaster, Westmorland, by his third wife Ann. He was educated at Heversham Grammar School and admitted a sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1749 at the age of 19. He graduated B.A. in 1753, M.A. in 1756. He became a Fellow of Trinity in 1755, and was rector of Ockham, Surrey from 1764 to 1784. He gave up his fellowship in 1765.
Preston spent some time as a chaplain to Philip Yonge, the bishop of Norwich. He then went to Vienna, as chaplain to Lord Stormont. He acted as the British chargé d'affaires in Naples, where he had moved for his health, in the absence of Sir William Hamilton. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1778.
After becoming chaplain and secretary to Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland, Preston was nominated as Bishop of Killala and Achonry on 13 October 1784, and consecrated on 11 November that year. Translated to Ferns and Leighlin on 9 November 1787, he died in Dublin on 19 April 1789 and was buried at Ferns Cathedral.
# Fjelsted Speedway Stadium

Fjelsted Speedway Stadium or Hele Fyns Speedway Center is a motorcycle speedway stadium in Harndrup, Denmark. The stadium is the home track for the Fjelsted Speedway Club.
The municipality identified the village of Fjelsted for the construction of a motorcycling track in 1971 on the location of an old apple orchard. After joining the Danish Motor Union (DMU) in 1973, a larger track was built three years later in 1976.
The stadium held the Danish final of the Speedway World Championship in 1978 and the 1990 Intercontinental final was held at the track.
In 2017, the Danish Individual Speedway Championship was held at the stadium for the ninth time in its history.
# Flag and coat of arms of Picardy

The coat of arms of Picardy quarters the old royal coat of arms of France (blue with three gold fleurs-de-lis) with three red lions on silver. The flag looks the same but in rectangular form, it is a banner of arms.

## History

The origin of the coat of arms is uncertain, but it is certified in 1640. Fleur-de-lys symbolizing belonging to the Kingdom of France, lions reminiscent of Picardy's ties with northern provinces: Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut and Luxembourg.
The flag thus created was never the flag of the Picardy Regional Council, which preferred a stylized design referring to three departments: Aisne, Oise and Somme. The flag of the Regional Council was displayed on its buildings. However, the flag referring to the Picardy coat of arms is used during cultural or recreational events by individuals and even some communities.
* Banner of the Picardy Regiment in Kingdom of France (1585-1780).
* Banner of the Picardy Regiment in Kingdom of France (1780-1791).
* Flag of the former Region of Picardie.
# 2004 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase

The men's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics was held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo on July 14.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | David Chemweno | Kenya | 8:17.31 |
| | Richard Mateelong | Kenya | 8:26.34 |
| | Abdelatif Chemlal | Morocco | 8:31.01 |
| 4 | Hamid Ezzine | Morocco | 8:32.14 |
| 5 | Ruben Ramolefi | South Africa | 8:50.95 |
| 6 | Emmanuel Mkhabela | South Africa | 8:55.41 |
| 7 | Petrus Sithole | South Africa | 9:03.02 |
# Macroschisma sinense

Macroschisma sinense is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:
* Red Sea
# Gorgoleptis patulus

Gorgoleptis patulus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Lepetodrilidae.
# Ernst Mayr (computer scientist)

Ernst Wilhelm Mayr (born 18 May 1950) is a German computer scientist and mathematician. He received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 1997 awarded for his contributions to theoretical computer science.
Mayr's research in computer science covers algorithms and complexity theory. He also explores symbolic mathematics/computer algebra and methods in bioinformatics. His principal interests lie in describing and modeling parallel and distributed programs and systems, the design and analysis of efficient parallel algorithms and programming paradigms, the design of algorithm solutions for scheduling and load balancing problems and investigation of their complexity theory. He also explores polynomial ideals and their complexity and algorithms as well as algorithms for searching and analyzing extensive bioinformatic data.
After studying mathematics at Technical University of Munich with a scholarship from the Maximilianeum foundation and computer science at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Mayr did his doctorate at Technical University of Munich in 1980. In 1982, he became assistant professor of computer science at Stanford University, where he also participated in the Presidential Young Investigator Program. In 1988, he was appointed to the Chair of Theoretical Computer Science at Goethe University Frankfurt. Mayr has held the Chair of Efficient Algorithms at Technical University of Munich since 1993 where he also served as the dean of his faculty from 2000 to 2003. In 1997 he co-founded the annual international conference Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing with Vladimir P. Gerdt and served as a general chair from 1998 to 2013.