OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicolas Gouïn Dufief

Nicolas Gouïn Dufief (c. 1776–1834) was a French language teacher who taught in England and America.

## Life

He was a native of Nantes, was born in or about 1776. His father, Nicolas-Henri Dufief, a knight of the Order of Saint Louis, served during the revolution as a volunteer under the French princes in Germany; his mother, the Countess Victoire Aimée Libault Gouïn Dufief, was personally engaged in the many battles fought by her relative, General François de Charette, against the revolutionists, for which she was afterwards known as "the heroine of La Vendée".
Dufief, though a stripling of 15, joined in 1792 the royal naval corps assembled under the Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing at Enghien, and went through the campaign with his regiment in the army of the brothers of Louis XVIII until its disbandment. The same year he sought refuge in England, but soon afterwards sailed for the West Indies, and was attracted thence to Philadelphia, which he reached in July 1793. During his sojourn in America, he became acquainted with Dr. Joseph Priestley, Thomas Jefferson, and other eminent men.
Here, too, he published an essay on The Philosophy of Language, in which he first explained to the world how he was led to make those discoveries "from which my system of universal and economical instruction derives such peculiar and manifold advantages".
For nearly twenty-five years he taught French with success in America and in England, to which he returned about 1818.
He died at Pentonville, London, 12 April 1834.

## Works

His chief work is Nature displayed in her mode of teaching Language to Man; being a new and infallible Method of acquiring Languages with unparalleled rapidity; deduced from the analysis of the human mind, and consequently suited to every capacity: adapted to the French. To which is prefixed a development of the author's plan of tuition, 2 volumes octavo, London, 1818, which despite its size and costliness reached a twelfth edition in the author's lifetime. Shortly before his death he completed A Universal, Pronouncing, and Critical French-English Dictionary, octavo, London, 1833. He was author, too, of The French Self-interpreter, or Pronouncing Grammar, duodecimo, Exeter (1820?).
# Edgar Ende

Edgar Karl Alfons Ende (23 February 1901 – 27 December 1965) was a German surrealist painter and father of the children's novelist Michael Ende.
Ende attended the Altona School of Arts and Crafts from 1916 to 1920. In 1922 he married Gertrude Strunck, but divorced four years later. He remarried in 1929, the same year his son Michael was born. In the 1930s Ende's Surrealist paintings began to attract considerable critical attention, but were then condemned as degenerate by the Nazi government. Beginning in 1936 the Nazis forbade him to continue to paint or exhibit his work. In 1940 he was conscripted into the Luftwaffe as an operator of anti-aircraft artillery.
The majority of his paintings were destroyed by a bomb raid on Munich in 1944, making his surviving pre-war work extremely rare. In 1951, Ende met the recognized founder of Surrealism, André Breton, who admired his work and declared him an official Surrealist. He continued to paint surrealist works until his death in 1965 from a myocardial infarction.
Ende's paintings are thought to have had a significant influence on his son's writing. This is inferred in the scenes depicting the surreal dream-paintings from Yor's Minroud in Die Unendliche Geschichte (The Neverending Story), and is made explicit in Michael Ende's book Der Spiegel im Spiegel (The mirror in the mirror), a collection of short stories based on (and printed alongside) Edgar Ende's surrealist works.
# Eupempelus illuminus

Eupempelus illuminus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Mermudes and Napp in 2001.
# Nicolas Levasseur

Nicolas Levasseur (9 March 1791 – 7 December 1871) was a French bass, particularly associated with Rossini roles.
Born Nicolas-Prosper Levasseur at Bresles, Oise, he studied at the Paris Music Conservatory from 1807 to 1811, with Pierre-Jean Garat. He made his professional debut at the Paris Opéra in 1813, as Osman Pacha, in La caravane du Caire by André Grétry. He sang in London at the King's Theatre from 1815 to 1817, notably as the Count in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro. He also sang at La Scala in Milan, from 1820 to 1822, where he took part in the creation of Meyerbeer's Margherita d'Anjou.
But his greatest successes were at the Théâtre-Italien in Paris, where he sang from 1819 until 1828. There his name became closely associated with Rossini's operas. He sang in the Paris premieres of Mosè in Egitto, Ricciardo e Zoraide, La cenerentola, La donna del lago, and he participated in the creation of Il viaggio a Reims.
Levasseur returned to the Paris Opéra in 1827 and remained there until 1853, where he created all the great basso cantante roles, notably in operas such as; Le comte Ory, Guillaume Tell, Robert le diable, La juive, Les Huguenots, La favorite, Dom Sebastien, Le prophète, etc.
Levasseur was considered peerless in his time, possessing a voice of remarkable beauty and grandeur. He taught at the Paris Conservatory from 1841 until 1870. He also taught privately; among his pupils was Euphrasie Borghèse. He died in Paris.
# Eurybatus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Eurybatus (/jəˈrɪbətəs/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρύβατος) may refer to the following characters:
* Eurybatus, one of the Argonauts
* Eurybatus, one of the Cercopes, a pair of chthonic tricksters who disturbed Heracles while he served Omphale, queen of Lydia
* Eurybatus or Eurybarus, a mythological warrior.
# Eurybia (daughter of Thespius)

In Greek mythology, Eurybia (/jʊəˈrɪbiə/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρυβία or Εὐρυβίη means 'of broad sway') was a Thespian princess as one of the 50 daughters of King Thespius and Megamede, daughter of Arneus (or by one of his many wives). She bore Heracles a son, Polylaus.

## Mythology

When the Cithaeronian lion was harassing the king of Thespius, the latter asked Herakles to kill the lion. The son of Zeus hunted it for fifty days and finally slayed the beast. The Thespian king entertained him as a guest in a brilliant fashion during that span of time, making Heracles drunk and slept unwittingly with each of his fifty daughters, including Eurybia. The hero having thought that his bed-fellow was always the same. Thespius intended this to happen because he strongly desired that all his daughters should have children by Hercules. In another version of the myth, the latter had an intercourse with Eurybia and her siblings for one week, seven laid with Heracles each night.
In some accounts, Heracles bedded in a single night with Eurybia and her sisters except for one who refused to have a connection with him. The hero thinking that he had been insulted, condemned her to remain a virgin all her life, serving him as his priest.
# Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission

The Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission became fully functional in the true sense after the appointment of Justice Vijender Jain, a former Chief Justice of Punjab and Haryana High Court who took charge as the first Chairperson on 13 May 2013 and served there till 16 August 2018. He was joined by Justice Rajesh Tandon, a former judge of Allahabad High Court & Uttarakhand High Court on 7 June 2013 as a supporting member of the commission and served there till 30 June 2016. Currently, the chairperson is Akhilesh Chandra Sharma.

## Functions

According to TPHRA, 1993, the commission is entitled to perform any of the following functions:
* Autonomously investigate on a petition filed by a victim or any person on his/her behalf as a complaint of
   * Violation of human rights and instigation or
   * Negligence in the prevention of such violations by any public servant.
* Get involved in any proceeding under allegation or violation of human rights pending before a court with the approval of that court.
* Inspect living conditions of the inmates in any jail or any other institution under the control of the State Government where persons are detained or lodged for purposes of treatment, reformation or protection.
* Review the safeguards provided in the constitution or any other law for the time it is in force to ensure the protection of human rights
* Review the factors that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights
* Undertake and promote research and awareness programs in the field of human rights
* Promote human rights awareness through literacy campaigns, publications, seminars etc. for the protection and safeguards available under human rights practices.
* Encourage involvement of Non-Government Organizations and individuals for expansion work in the field of human rights awareness.
* Perform any other functions that may be considered necessary for the promotion of human rights.
It is clarified that though the Commission has the power to inquire in violation of human rights (or instigation thereof) by a public servant. Instances where the human rights are violated by any individual citizen then the Commission can intervene, if there is failure or negligence on the part of a public servant to prevent any such violation.
# Eupithecia cachina

Eupithecia cachina is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Costa Rica.
# Nigel Flatman

Nigel William Flatman (born 30 March 1960) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from England.

## Career

Flatman made his British leagues debut during the 1977 National League season, where he rode for Peterborough Panthers. He helped Peterborough win the Fours Championship during the 1977 season.
The following season in 1978, he was part of the Peterborough team that won the Fours championship. In 1979, he won the silver medal at the British Speedway Under 21 Championship behind Kenny Carter and was the leading rider at Peterborough.
By 1980, Flatman was also a regular rider for Ipswich Witches and reached the final of the Speedway Under-21 World Championship. He then rode exclusively for Ipswich and won the Knockout Cup in 1981 and the league and cup double during the 1984 British League season. He continued to ride for Ipswich and doubled up with Peterborough in the National league. He rode 12 consecutive years for Ipswich before heaving two final seasons with Peterborough in 1989 and 1990.
# Uwe Rosenberg

Uwe Rosenberg (born 27 March 1970) is a German game designer and the co-founder of Lookout Games. He initially became known for his card game Bohnanza, which was successful both in Germany and internationally. He is more recently known for developing many highly-acclaimed strategy games, such as Agricola and A Feast for Odin. As of March 2023, his games held six of the entries on BoardGameGeek.com's top-100 board games of all time.

## Works

Born in Aurich, Germany, Rosenberg first began to occupy himself with the development and mechanisms of games at the age of 12. He published a number of play-by-mail games during his school years. While he was still in college, Amigo published his first major success, Bohnanza. Since finishing his statistics studies in Dortmund (the subject of his thesis was "Probability distributions in Memory"), his main occupation is the development of games.
In 2000, he and a few other game designers founded the publishing company Lookout Games. It published a number of expansions to Bohnanza, partly in cooperation with Hanno Girke. Larger projects were at first published at other publishers, such as Amigo and Kosmos.
Since 2005, Rosenberg has concentrated mostly on complex economic strategy games, often with a farming or fishing theme: his first, Agricola, was released in October 2007 and won a Spiel des Jahres special award for best complex game of 2008, and has become a staple in the European game subgenre of worker placement games. It dethroned Puerto Rico as the highest rated game on BoardGameGeek.com in September 2008 and remained there until March 2010. A second game in this series, Le Havre, was published in October 2008, as well as Caverna in 2013. His highest rated game is currently A Feast for Odin, which is ranked #23 on BoardGameGeek.com as of May 2024.
Since 2014, he has also designed several less-complex tile-laying games, including Patchwork.
Many of Rosenberg's designs have also been recognized as being excellent for solitary play.
He married Susanne Balders on 18 May 2007. He lives in Gütersloh and works at his studio in Dortmund.

## Games

* Bohnanza (1997)
* Mamma mia (1998)
* Babel (2000)
* Bali (2001)
* Agricola (2007)
* Le Havre (2008)
* At the Gates of Loyang (2009)
* Merkator (2010)
* Ora et Labora (2011)
* Agricola: All Creatures Big and Small (2012)
* Le Havre: The Inland Port (2012)
* Caverna (2013)
* Glass Road (2013)
* Patchwork (2014)
* Fields of Arle (2014)
* Hengist (2015)
* A Feast for Odin (2016)
* Cottage Garden (2016)
* Caverna: Cave vs. Cave (2017)
* Indian Summer (2017)
* Nusfjord (2017)
* Reykholt (2018)
* Spring Meadow (2018)
* Caverna: Cave vs. Cave - Era II (2018)
* Robin Von Locksley (2019)
* Nova Luna (2019)
* Fairy Trails (2020)
* New York Zoo (2020)
* Hallertau (2020)
* Sagani (2020)
* Armonia (2021)
* Tulpenfieber (2021)
* Oranienburger Kanal (2022)
* Atiwa (2022)
* Applejack (2022)
* Framework (2022)
* Planta Nubo (2023)
* Tangram City (2023)
* Black Forest (2024)
# V.I.P. (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Entertainment Weekly | C+ |
| RapReviews | 7.5/10 |
V.I.P. is the fifth studio album by hip hop group Jungle Brothers, released in 2000.
"Freakin' You" peaked at #70 on the UK singles chart.

## Production

The album was written in Jamaica, and produced by Alex Gifford of Propellerheads.

## Critical reception

AllMusic called the album "fun, funky, and infectious -- a party record where everyone sounds like they're having a blast." Entertainment Weekly wrote that "excessively eclectic production ... smothers the hip-hop duo’s jazzily organic rhymes." The Riverfront Times called it "a great ... melding of progressive electronic grooves and rhymes, a contender for Album of the Year."
Salon wrote: "Most disturbing, the pallor of the dead lingers all over V.I.P. Not dead like Tupac and Biggie but, rather, the end of an era and a style, and of the individuals who were first responsible for those innovations."

## Track listing

All tracks produced by Alex Gifford.
* "V.I.P."
* "I Remember"
* "Get Down"
* "Early Morning"
* "Down with the Jbeez" (featuring Black Eyed Peas)
* "The Brothers"
* "Party Goin' On"
* "Sexy Body"
* "Playing for Keeps"
* "Jbeez Rock the Dancehall"
* "Freakin' You"
* "Strictly Dedicated"
* "Jungle Brother (Urban Takeover Mix)"
# Eupithecia interrubrescens

Eupithecia interrubrescens is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Tibet.
# Eupithecia insignifica

Eupithecia insignifica is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Algeria.
# Edward Angus Powell Jr.

Edward Angus "Ned" Powell Jr. (born April 1, 1948) is a former president of the United Service Organizations (USO), a volunteer organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the United States military worldwide. A native of Richmond, Virginia, he was nominated by President Bill Clinton and confirmed to serve as the Assistant Secretary for Financial Management, and was then promoted to Acting Deputy Secretary for the Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA. While at the VA, Powell was charged with managing 220,000 employees with an annual budget of $48 billion. Under his leadership, the VA received its first-ever clean audit opinion. As a result, he received the VA's Exceptional Service Award and was named Distinguished Federal Executive (for 2000) by the Association of Government Accountants.
Powell's career began as a Navy Yeoman serving with the Defense Intelligence Agency. His broad executive experience includes the ownership and management of several successful business ventures, and he is a former adjunct professor of Business Ethics and Policy at the University of Richmond School of Business. He passed the Series 7, Securities Broker's Exam, and held a Virginia real estate broker's license. He was active in the Young President's Organization, the World President's Organization, and currently participates in L3 (an offshoot organization of WPO).
After serving at VA, Powell became the CEO of World Headquarters of the USO and served in this role between 2002 and 2009. As a result of his service, Powell was awarded The Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service; The Distinguished Public Service Award, Chairman of Joint Chief of Staff; The Office of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Public Service; Decoration for Distinguished Civilian Service, Department of the Army; Secretary of the Army Public Service Award; Distinguished Public Service Award, Secretary of the Navy Gordon England; and the Distinguished Public Service Award, Secretary of the Navy Don Winter.
In 2020 Powell was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award by Washington & Lee University.
Powell received his BA in Economics from Washington and Lee University, and later went on to obtain his MBA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1978, using his GI Bill benefits.
# Edoardo Raimondi

Edoardo Raimondi (Parma, July 26, 1837 - Reggio, April 12, 1919) was an Italian painter, known for landscapes and genre subjects.

## Biography

He was the son of the painter Carlo Raimondi, and a resident of Reggio, in Emilia. He either trained or was strongly influenced by Antonio Fontanesi, and exhibited frequently in Turin in the 1880s.
At the 1872 Mostra in Milan, he exhibited a studio "dal vero" depicting: Il viatico nei dintorni di Parma: and I mandriani. In 1877 at Naples, he exhibited Rivierschi del Po fuggenti dall' inondazione del Decembre 1872 and Le raccoglitrici di cicoria. In 1881 at Milan, he exhibited: Capraio; Giovane porcaro, and Le rive del Po. In 1883 at Rome, he displayed: Un mattino d'Ottobre sulle rive del Po and In attesa del treno. In 1884 at Turin, he exhibited paintings depicting scenes of the Running of the Bulls in Pamplona, and a canvas depicting Fisherman in the Lago di Bieva (Lake Biwa in Japan. In 1886 at the Mostra of Livorno, he exhibited: Bandiera nera in vedetta, (Scene in the War of Tonkin), and Vecchio parco. Other works include Entrata del toro a la vara; Ricordi di San Rossore; Passaggio lombardo, Pianura, and Boscaglia. He completed the battle paintings: Ulani austriaci annientati dall’artiglieria italiana a Villafranca (Battle of Custoza (1866)) and Prince Amedeo ferito a Monte Croce, now found in the Pinacoteca Stuard of Parma. In 1864, he also painted some orientalist canvases, including I Turcos a Robecchetto, La Quiete, and Costumi del Cairo.
# Vajnory

Vajnory is a small borough in the northeast of Bratislava, Slovakia.
Milan Rastislav Štefánik international airport is located near Vajnory. Another airport - Vajnory Airport, which was the first airport in Slovakia - closed in 2006.

## History

The first written mention of Vajnory dates to 1237, when it was a village with the original Slovak Slovak name Prača / Pračany. In 1307, Heiligenkreuz Abbey in Austria purchased it and renamed it Weinern, referring to the main occupation of the villagers, working on vineyards and making wine. A relic of this name remains today in the Slovak variant, Vajnory. It was purchased again by Bratislava in the 16th century. It was a borough only until 1851, when, shortly after the abolition of serfdom, Vajnory became an independent village again. It was made an official borough of Bratislava in 1946.

## Photogallery

* Municipality of Vajnory
* The map of Vajnory
* The church tower
* Statue of St. Florián
* Elementary school of Katarína Brúderová
* Elementary school of John Paul II
* Nature reserve Šúr close to Vajnory
* Main street in Vajnory
# First class (computing)

In database modeling, a first class item is one that has an identity independent of any other item. The identity allows the item to persist when its attributes change, and allows other items to claim relationships with the item.
As a general rule, first class items represent things rather than relationships. For example, the database representations of a human and of a company are each first class items. However, the fact that the person is an employee of that company is not a first class item. Likewise, data about that relationship, e.g. information about the salary the company pays to its employee, is not a first class item.
Typically, a relational database will include several tables, each of which contains rows representing first class items of a given type (e.g. a table of people, a table of companies). It will also contain other tables representing relationships between these first class items.
In a table representing first class items, one column of the table will typically contain a different integer assigned to each row (effectively, to each item) as a unique identifier: that is to say, unique for objects of this type; objects of different types, represented in different tables, can coincidentally have the same identifier, but the coincidence is meaningless.
In a relational database, a table representing a relationship between two or more first class items (or data about that relationship) will usually not have special identifiers for its rows. Instead these rows will be identified by an ordered tuple consisting of unique identifiers of the first class items involved in the relationship.
# SSV Hagen

SSV Hagen, in full Sport- und Spielverein Hagen may refer to:
* SSV Hagen, a German basketball team from 1905 to 1990 that in 1990 merged into the professional team Brandt Hagen
* SSV Hagen, a German multi-sports club including football, jiu jitsu, cycling, weightlifting and jazzdance
# Vaigat

Vaigat may refer to:
* Sullorsuaq Strait, a strait in Greenland known in Danish as Vaigat Strait
* Vaigat, a country style within music of Greenland
# Euproctis fraterna

Euproctis fraterna is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1883. It is found in the Maldives, India, Sri Lanka and the Seychelles.

## Description

The adult is yellowish with pale transverse lines and black spots on the forewing. Larvae are hairy and reddish brown. Head reddish with white hairs.
The caterpillar is major pest on several agricultural crops such as Ziziphus mauritiana, Ziziphus xylopyra, Ziziphus jujuba, Terminalia catappa, Ricinus communis, Pyrus communis, Quisqualis indica, Sesamum indicum, Shorea robusta, Solanum melongena, Tectona grandis, Rosa, Rubus, Toxicodendron succedaneum, Trewia nudiflora, Tylophora asthmatica, Vigna unguiculata, Punica granatum, Codiaeum, Coffea, Dalbergia sissoo, Desmodium oojeinense, Gossypium, Grewia asiatica, Helianthus annuus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Limonia elephantum, Malus pumila, Mangifera indica, Manihot esculenta, Manilkara zapota, Musa, Pelargonium, Persea bombycina, Plantago, Prunus persica, Psidium, Punica granatum, Abelmoschus esculentus, Aleurites fordii, Aleurites montana, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bauhinia variegate, Bombax, Cajanus cajan, Camellia sinensis, Cinnamomum and Citrus.
The first sign of the attack is defoliation. Caterpillars can be controlled by the spraying of neem oil or chlorpyrifos and quinolphos. Caterpillars can also be controlled by mechanical methods or biological predators such as the parasitoids Helicospilus merdarius, Helicospilus horsefieldi, Apanteles species, Disophrys species.