OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2005 in Chad

This article is a list of events in the year 2005 in Chad.

## Incumbents

* President: Idriss Déby
* Prime Minister: Moussa Faki (until February 3), Pascal Yoadimnadji (from February 3)

## Events
### January

* January 28 - An outbreak of meningitis occurs in a community of refugees from Darfur.

### April

* April 29 - Chad joins the Arab League as an observer state.

### August

* August 12 - 6 of Hissène Habré's close government connections are removed from their positions in the government.
* August 19 - 4,000 refugees from the Central African Republic enter chad, fleeing from violence.

### September

* September 27 - 2005 Chad attacks: 46 people are killed in clashes between Sudanese fighters and the Chadian government.

### December

* December 23 - President Déby claims that his country is in a state of war with Sudan following rebel attacks.
# Forton

Forton may refer to:
* Forton, Hampshire, Test Valley, England, near Andover
* Forton, Gosport, a location in Hampshire, England
* Forton, Lancashire, England
* Forton, Somerset, England
* Forton, Shropshire, a location in England
* Forton, Staffordshire, England
* Forton, Tasmania, Australia
# Fidelia (pseudonym)

Fidelia was a favoured female pseudonym among writers in English in the 18th century. It was derived from the Latin fidelitas, meaning faithfulness.

## Usage

Hester Chapone adopted Fidelia as her protagonist's pseudonym in "The Story of Fidelia" (1753–1754), in Nos 77–79 of the English newspaper The Adventurer. Mary Ann Radcliffe did likewise in a short piece of sentimental fiction.
Among the writers who used Fidelia as an author's pseudonym for their own work were the Englishwomen Mary Astell (1666–1731) and Jane Barker (1652–1732), and the Americans Sarah Prince Gill (1728–1771), Hannah Griffitts (a Quaker, 1727–1817) and Sukey Vickery (1779–1821).
Back in England, the Lincoln poet who used the name Fidelia in The Gentleman's Magazine in 1734–1735 may have been Keziah (died 1742), a sister of John Wesley. She wrote to belittle an award of £50 offered as a poetry prize ("you forget the price of a candle") and propose instead that the prize should be the hand of Jonathan Swift in marriage. This sparked off exchanges of verses with the Welsh poet Jane Brereton (1685–1740) and the English poet Elizabeth Carter (1717–1806).

## Compliment

In modern times, the description Fidelia has sometimes been used as a compliment to a woman.
# George Castle

George Castle may refer to:

## Places

* George Castle, in India's Madhav National Park
* George Castle, aka "John George Bastion", in the Königstein Fortress

## People

* George Castle (physician) (c. 1635–1673), English physician
* George Castle (journalist), American sports journalist and author
* George Castle (lacrosse) (born 1984), American lacrosse player

## Fiction

* George Castle (Law & Order: UK), a character in the UK TV series Law & Order: UK
# Fairy Falls, Trefriw

53°09′04″N 3°49′48″W﻿ / ﻿53.151°N 3.830°W﻿ / 53.151; -3.830
The Fairy Falls (Welsh: Rhaeadr y Tylwyth Teg) are a waterfall in the village of Trefriw, north Wales. The falls are on the river Crafnant which has its source at Llyn Crafnant, being joined upstream by a tributary, the river Geirionydd. Below the falls the river Crafnant flows on to itself become a tributary of the river Conwy.
The main falls are about 25 feet high, the water falling down an angled rockface, and they were formed during the last ice age some 20,000 years ago. As the main glacier passed down the Conwy Valley, it truncated the Crafnant valley, leaving a hanging valley and this series of falls.
Not all of the water from the river Crafnant passes over the falls, as a little upstream some is diverted through a pipeline to provide hydro-electric power for the woollen mill. During drier periods this can leave the falls with little or even no water, but most of the year there is a good supply of water, as testified by the erosion of the rocks at the base of the falls.
Downstream of the main Fairy Falls are a number of further, lesser, falls, which old postcards also call the "Fairy Falls". Along this lower section of river the water once turned a number of waterwheels which powered various mills. The whole area of this series of falls—from the main falls through the lesser falls downstream—was known as "Fairy Glen", and was altogether more open than it is today. In Edwardian times there was a proper path alongside the river Crafnant, and a popular stroll was to walk from the banks of the river Crafnant, up through the well-known Fairy Glen, and on beside the river Crafnant up towards Llyn Crafnant.
Regarding the name, the information board beside the waterfall states: "The Trefriw Fairy Falls were named by the Victorians who were fascinated with fairies and identified many enchanting locations as home to these diminutive, mythical creatures." Whilst there are no documented sightings of fairies at the falls themselves, in 1880 Wirt Sikes referred to numerous local sightings of fairies in his book British Goblins.
The Fairy Falls pub in the village takes its name from the Falls.
The Falls are easily accessible on foot from various directions, and are on the route of one of the Trefriw Trails, a series of walks around the village and adjacent areas. Route 4, starting from the village shops, follows the riverside path through Fairy Glen and past the falls. Route 5 also takes this route before heading on to Llyn Geirionydd and Llyn Crafnant.
# Erode Nagaraj

Erode Nagaraj is a professional musician, who plays the mridangam. He learned initially from Palladam V. Ramachandran and has been the disciple of Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman for over 28 years.
He has been a lecturer in the Thanjavur Vaidyanatha Iyer School for Percussion in Madras Music Academy for 18 years. He also conducts online classes for performers and students internationally.
Erode Nagaraj discovered great interest and passion for rhythm in his early childhood and was formally initiated into the art of mrudhangam by Palladam Sri. V. Ramachandran when he was 7 years old. He was a disciple of Sangeetha Kalanidhi Padma Vibhushan Umayalpuram Sri K. Sivaraman and has been under his tutelage since 1990. He learnt to play for many intricate and complex thAlAs as part of his advanced training.
In his schooldays, Erode Nagaraj was a regular at several district and state level competitions and has earned many accolades and distinctions. IN 1993 he made his debut performance in the Chennai music circuit. The Department of Culture awarded him a scholarship for the years 1994–1996. He is an "A" Grade artist and has been performing in All India Radio (AIR) and DD Chennai since 1994. His laya vinyasam (mrudhangam solo) in a rare talam, 'misra thriputa' (rendu kalai) in AIR and in Adhi talam at DD Chennai were lauded by vidwans, rasikas and others in the Carnatic music scene. He has performed in the National Program of Music in the Trinity Festival of AIR and in the Akashvani Sangeeth Sammelan.
He has performed for organisations like the Madras Music Academy, Narada Gana Sabha, Sri Krishna Gana Sabha, the Indian Fine Arts Society and Sri Parthasarathy Swami Sabha since 1994. His lecture demonstrations and interactive sessions have also received remarkable appreciation.
He is proficient in teaching fingering techniques and laya intricacies, and has been training students in India and abroad for over two decades. He has a penchant for all forms of music. He rendered konnakol (verbal rendition of jathis and phrases that are played in mridangam) to the playing of his Guru 'Laya Jyothi' Umayalpuram Sri K. Sivaraman with Steve Coleman (saxophone) and Vijay Iyer (jazz pianist), in the Madras Cricket Club. His mrudangam solo in a rare talam, sankeerna chapu, has been recorded for Samudra, London. G.K.Foundation Trust honoured him in their anniversary function held in 2001, alongside the legendary musician Sangeetha Kalanidhi Palghat Sri K.V. Narayanaswamy, where Padma Sri K.J. Yesudas honoured the artistes.
He has featured in print media like The Hindu, Dinamani, Kalki and Virakesari (Sri Lankan magazine) and in online media like Chennai-Online and Tamil Television Network. He has also performed in DD Podhigai, Sun TV, Raj TV, Raj Digital Plus and in WIN-TV in their special programmes. Besides playing the mrudhangam Erode Nagaraj has been an avid blogger.
In addition to being a full-time professional mrudangam artiste, he lectured at the Thanjavur Vaidhyanatha Iyer School for Percussion of the Madras Music Academy from 1998 to 2016.
# Terror 2000

Terror 2000 is a Swedish thrash metal band from Helsingborg.

## History

A side project of Soilwork singer Björn "Speed" Strid, the band also includes guitarists Klas Ideberg (of Darkane) and Nick Sword (of Von Benzo), drummer Erik Thyselius, and bassist Dan Svensson. The band was initially formed under the name "Killing Machine" in 1999, and its original drummer was Henry Ranta of Soilwork, but he was replaced after the release of Slaughterhouse Supremacy.

## Critical reception

In a review of the band's album Terror for Sale, Decibel Magazine described the band's sound as "joke-rock" and stated that the album is "fun and rockin', but way too fun to really be all that rockin'". AllMusic was also critical, awarding the album two-and-a-half stars out of five and expressing disappointment that the band's "indistinctive neo-thrash songwriting" did not live up to the promise of its lyrics and energy.

## Band members
### Current members

* Björn "Speed" Strid − vocals (Soilwork, ex-Darkane, Disarmonia Mundi, Coldseed)
* Klas Ideberg − guitars (The Defaced, Darkane, Hyste'riah, Hyste'riah G.B.C.)
* Nick Sword (Niklas Svärd) − guitars
* Erik Thyselius − drums (ex-Construcdead, ex-Face Down, Arize)
* Dan Svensson − bass (Hatelight)

### Former members

* Henry Ranta − drums on Slaughterhouse Supremacy (ex-Soilwork, ex-The Defaced)

### Guest musicians

* Von Benzo singer Jay Smith sang backup in one song from Terror for Sale: "King Kong Song".

## Discography

* Slaughterhouse Supremacy (2000) − Pavement Music
* Faster Disaster (2002) − Nuclear Blast
* Slaughter in Japan-Live 2003 (2003) − Scarlet Records
* Terror for Sale (2005) − Nuclear Blast
# HAL-3

The HAL-3 is an airborne navigation radar developed by the Shanghai Institute of Electron Physics originally for the Y-10 programme. Development started in June 1980 and was completed in February 1985 and it has been extensively tested on the Boeing 707 and Y-7. The overall technical characteristics are thought to be similar to the Bendix AN/APS-133/RDR-1F.

## Specifications

* Range:
** air-to-ground mode : 240 km
** air-to-air mode: 15 km
* Output power:　50 kW
* Power consumption:　800W
* Weight:　9999 kg
# Streptomyces bobili

Streptomyces bobili is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil. Streptomyces bobili produces aclacinomycin A, aclacinomycin B, aclacinomycin M, aclacinomycin S, aclacinomycin Y, cinerubin A, cinerubin B, sulfurmycin A, sulfurmycin B, sulfurmycin C, sulfurmycin D, sulfurmycin F, ferrimycin A1 and ferrimycin A2.
# Guns of Fort Defiance

Guns of Fort Defiance is a computer wargame published in 1982 by The Avalon Hill Game Company.

## Gameplay

Guns of Fort Defiance is a game in which the player is in command of a gun crew in the War of 1812.

## Reception

Johnny L. Wilson reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "Guns of Fort Defiance is an exciting addition to a game library because: 1) it offers a challenging game without tying the player up for long time periods; 2) it's easy to teach the mechanics to a beginner; and 3) the handicap system enables the game to grow with your own ability."
# Phantom Fighter

Phantom Fighter (霊幻道士, Reigen Dōshi) is a beat 'em up video game released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1988 in Japan, and in April 1990 in the United States. The Japanese version is based on the 1985 film, Mr. Vampire (Reigen Dōshi being the Japanese title of the film).

## Gameplay

As a kung-fu master, the player must fight through eight towns filled with kyonshi (Chinese vampires), each with a unique town boss, until the final confrontation with an evil witch. An infinite amount of continues are available to complete the game.
A small selection of items, and a large selection of fighting moves, could be used on the enemy. The game also included a hidden character that made the game much more difficult, a baby kyonshi or "conshi." Instead of keeping track of available items, the game's inventory screen tabulates all the possible items in the game.

## Reception

AllGame gave the game a score of 3 out of 5 stars.
# 1858 New England and Macleay colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of New England and Macleay on 26 November 1858 because of the resignation of Abram Moriarty, for reasons that included the difficulty of serving a far distant electorate.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 13 October 1858 | Abram Moriarty resigned. |
| 19 October 1858 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 26 November 1858 | Nominations at Armidale. |
| 14 December 1858 | Polling day |
| 30 December 1858 | Return of writ |

## Candidates

* Alexander Dick was a Sydney solicitor, who had advertised himself as a candidate, however he sent a letter to the returning officer declining to go to the poll.
* James Eames advertised himself as a candidate, however this appears to have been a joke, and there was no seconder for his nomination.
* James Hart was a Sydney solicitor.
* Merion Moriarty, the father of Abram, advertised himself as a candidate, however was not nominated.
* Thomas Rusden was a squatter in the New England district and the former member for the district, who had been defeated at the 1858 election. He had petitioned against the election, however these were rejected by the house as not complying with the requirements of the Electoral Act. On 15 October he attempted to take a seat in the assembly, but was ejected by the sergeant-at-arms. Rusden stated he was unable to nominate for the seat, asserting he was already the member.
* John Williams was a Sydney solicitor and the then current Mayor of Sydney.

## Result

1858 New England and Macleay by-election Friday 26 November :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes |
| James Hart (elected) | James Hart (elected) | show of hands |
| Thomas Rusden | Thomas Rusden | |
| John Williams | John Williams | |
Neither candidate called for a poll.
# Simple Mail Access Protocol

The Simple Mail Access Protocol (SMAP) is an application layer Internet protocol for accessing email stored on a server. It was introduced as part of the Courier suite, with the goal of creating a simpler and more capable alternative to IMAP.
As of 2005, SMAP is still considered experimental, and is only supported by the Courier server and Cone client.

## Features

* MIME attachments can be transmitted in their raw, decoded form. This allows large base64-encoded attachments to be transmitted without the 4:3 inflation that base64 encoding usually incurs.
* Support for sending outgoing e-mails through the SMAP connection, instead of using a separate SMTP connection to the server. An outgoing message only needs to be transmitted once to both send it and save a copy to a server-side folder.
* Unicode folder names, with native support for hierarchy.
* SMAP clients and servers can fall back to IMAP if the peer does not support SMAP.
# Test stamp

A test stamp is a label resembling a postage stamp that is used by postal authorities for testing equipment. They generally have the same size and shape as regular stamps, but with a minimal design. Although not normally made available to the general public, some have found their way into private hands, and they are a recognised stamp collecting speciality.
Test stamps are a form of cinderella stamp and in the United States are also commonly referred to as dummy stamps.
In some countries there may be cross-over between test and training stamps but while test stamps do not need any stated value, training stamps are often produced in a variety or values or are genuine stamps cancelled by bars as this assists with the training process.

## France

In France, test stamps have been used since 1849. There are about 40 different series, containing 600 references, in booklets, coils or simple sheets. The most popular series are "Bernard Palissy" or "Pic Vert".

## Germany

In Germany test stamps were used between 1915 and 1930 to show advertisers in stamp booklets what their advertisement would look like. Small series of booklets were produced with large coloured numbers instead of the stamps for this purpose. These booklets are now very rare.

## The United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom test stamps for coil dispensing machines are sometimes known as poached egg stamps, because of their design. They were printed in the same size and format as the definitive stamps of the UK and perforated in the same manner. The amount of ink used was also the same as actual postage stamps, so that they could be used to test the machines with material as close as possible to actual postage stamps. The colour of these test stamps was changed from green to black after 1937 when some test coils were accidentally left in a machine and used as half-penny stamps. At the time of this colour change, text was also added to the centre of the labels indicating their use. The stamps are no longer in use.

## The United States

The United States has made extensive used of test stamps with many different types issued over the years. The stamps have typically been made up into coils.

## The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland

These countries have also used test stamps.
# Petkoff

Petkoff is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Damián Petkoff (born 1990), Argentine footballer
* Drew Petkoff (born 1985), Canadian lacrosse player
* Robert Petkoff (born 1963), American actor
* Teodoro Petkoff (1932–2018), Venezuelan politician, guerrilla, economist, and journalist
# Striped barb

The striped barb (Desmopuntius johorensis), is a species of cyprinid fish Cyprinidae native to the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra where it is found in the shallows of rivers, streams and ditches. This species can reach a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL. It is commercially important to local fisheries and can also be found in the aquarium trade.
# Guns in the United States

Several articles cover topics related to guns in the United States:
* Gun culture in the United States
* Gun law in the United States
* Gun politics in the United States
* Gun violence in the United States
# Fiery redfin

The fiery redfin (Pseudobarbus phlegethon) is an African freshwater fish species in the family Cyprinidae.
The fish is endemic to South Africa, where it can be found in the Oudste, Thee, Noordhoeks, Boskloof and Rondegat tributaries of the Olifants River system on the western side of the Cederberg Mountains where it is threatened by habitat destruction and the impact of invasive species including Grass carp, Largemouth bass, Rainbow trout and Sharp-tooth catfish.
Fiery redfins prefer stoney habitat in the lower reaches of tributary streams, with moderate flow. The fiery redfin can grow to around 70 mm in length, males have bright red fins in the breeding season and defend their territories.
# Geophis sallaei

Geophis sallaei, also known as Sallae's earth snake, is a snake of the colubrid family. It is endemic to Mexico.
# Fairfield County Courthouse (Danbury, Connecticut)

41°23′26″N 73°26′51″W﻿ / ﻿41.3905°N 73.4475°W﻿ / 41.3905; -73.4475
The Fairfield County Courthouse in Danbury, Connecticut is a historic building that was designed by architect Warren R. Briggs, who also designed the Fairfield County Courthouse in Bridgeport
It is a contributing building in the Main Street Historic District.
The courthouse is still in use.
# Erkinjon Isakov

Erkinjon Tulkinovich Isakov (Cyrillic: Эркинжон Тулкинович Исаков; born 25 November 1974) is a retired Uzbekistani athlete who competed in the 400 metres hurdles before moving up to middle distance events. He twice represented his country at the Olympic Games, in 2000 and 2004, failing to advance to the semifinals.
Before 2000 he represented Russia.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Russia ||||||
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 24th (h) | 400 m hurdles | 51.49 |
| 1999 | Universiade | Palma de Mallorca, Spain | 7th (h) | 4 × 400 m relay | 3:12.32 |
| Representing Uzbekistan ||||||
| 2000 | Asian Championships | Jakarta, Indonesia | 7th | 400 m hurdles | 51.27 |
| 2000 | Olympic Games | Sydney, Australia | 31st (h) | 400 m hurdles | 50.71 |
| 2002 | Asian Games | Busan, South Korea | 7th | 800 m | 1:48.39 |
| 2002 | Asian Games | Busan, South Korea | 15th | 1500 m | 3:52.06 |
| 2003 | Asian Championships | Manila, Philippines | 5th | 800 m | 1:49.05 |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 54th (h) | 800 m | 1:48.28 |

## Personal bests

Outdoor
* 800 metres – 1:46.98 (Bishkek 2004) NR
* 1500 metres – 3:47.48 (Tula 2003)
* 400 metres hurdles – 50.11 (Bangkok 2000)
Indoor
* 800 metres – 1:47.97 (Tashkent 2001) NR
* 1000 metres – 2:25.02 (Moscow 2006) NR
* 1500 metres – 3:54.56 (Volgograd 2005)
# Terthreutis sphaerocosma

Terthreutis sphaerocosma is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in India (Assam, Sikkim), Bhutan and Nepal.
The wingspan is 20–25 mm.
# Sola Asedeko

Sola AsedekoListen is a Nigerian film actress, film-maker and director. She is popularly known as Abeni for her lead role in Abeni, a 2006 Nigerian film, produced and directed by Tunde Kelani.

## Early life

Asedeko was born in Lagos State, southwestern Nigeria. She attended Sonmori Comprehensive High School (SONCOHS) at Ifako Ijaiye where she obtained the West Africa School Certificate before she proceeded to the University of Lagos where she received a bachelor's degree in theatre art and later obtained a master's degree in public administration.

## Career

She began acting in 2006, the same year she played a lead role in Abeni (film), a film produced and directed by Tunde Kelani. The film made her a household name and became a choice of Tunde Kelani in his award-winning film titled The Narrow Path, where she also played the lead role of a village young girl who must choose between two suitors. She has featured in several Nigerian films and soap operas.

## Filmography

* Abeni (2006) as Abeni
* The Narrow Path (2006) as Awero
* Afesona (2007) as Funmilola
* Jenifa (2008) as Tutu
* Omo Ghetto (2010) as Kanyinsola