OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Focometer

A focometer is an instrument that measures refractive errors and is intended to provide rural or economically disadvantaged populations spherical eyeglass prescriptions without the need for complicated protocols, expensive equipment, or electricity. The focometer is monocular and hand-held, and is normally used in natural lighting. Patients rotate a collar on the focometer until the best focus is achieved. The individual's refractive power is then read off a linear dioptre scale.
The focometer was developed by Drs. Ian Berger and Larry Spitzberg at the University of Houston College of Optometry in Houston, Texas, to provide a simple, inexpensive means for measuring refractive error in human vision. The portable, hand-held instrument is highly appropriate for use in remote and poor areas.
Focometers measure spherical refractive errors. Astigmatism can also be measured using a "clock target" with the device. A study has found, however, that the focometer is less effective for identifying astigmatism than an autorefractor, and that its axis accuracy is limited to 15°.
The advantages of a focometer over other methods for use in developing countries are that it is lightweight, compact, relatively inexpensive, fairly quick, and easy to use with minimal training. A clinical trial compared the repeatability, validity, and ease of use of the focometer with an autorefractor. It found that the focometer results were within 0.75 dioptres of the autorefractor value 84% of the time. The authors found that repeatability of the measurements improved when patients were allowed to "practice" twice on each eye before taking the real reading.
# Flynn Hills

The Flynn Hills are a mountain range in Mendocino County, California.
# Small car

Small car may refer to:
* Microcar, a term often used for the smallest size of cars, often with an engine smaller than 700 cc
* A-segment, or city car, the smallest category in the European passenger car classification system
* B-segment, the second smallest of the European segments, also variously known as subcompact, A0-class, and supermini
* Subcompact car, an American classification for cars smaller than compact car, equivalent to the B-segment
* C-segment, the third category of the European segments, described as medium cars
* Compact car, North American classification between subcompact and mid-size, and Japanese small size passenger vehicles
* Kei car, the Japanese vehicle category for the smallest highway-legal passenger cars, known variously as light car, Japanese city car, or Japanese microcar
# Small carbonaceous fossil

Small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) are sub-millimetric organic remains of organisms preserved in sedimentary strata.
This category of fossils has traditionally included robust or thick-walled entities such as plant spores, acritarchs and chitinozoa, but the term 'SCFs' is usually applied to more fragile remnants of animals that can only be extracted through a delicate maceration technique. SCFs are relatively widespread and abundant, and can potentially preserve both mineralized and non-mineralized parts of organisms. Since SCFs can preserve the remains of non-biomineralized organisms, they have been viewed as a relatively untapped record of animal evolution, which has the potential to circumvent some of the biases of the shelly fossil record.

## Extraction

SCFs are typically preserved in fine-grained siliciclastic rocks, and are too small to be fruitfully examined on bedding planes. Instead, they are extracted by dissolving the rock in acid. Traditional palynological preparations involve high-energy steps such as centrifuging that destroy large and fragile fossils. In the more delicate technique pioneered by Butterfield, individual microfossils are picked from sieved acid residues by hand. The sieving stage removes crystalline residue, making it easier to extract fossils, but introduces a filter: the smallest fossils (<~40 μm) pass through the sieve and are lost. Once extracted, fossils can be mounted for light or scanning electron microscopy: transmitted light illuminates internal microstructures, whereas SEM picks out surface features.

## Preservation

SCFs are best preserved in environments that had anoxic conditions and where the sediments have not been subject to high temperatures (limited thermal maturity); the presence of oxygen is particularly deleterious at high temperatures.

## Biota

Traditional palynological methods are designed for extracting fossilized plant spores and other resistant organic microfossils such as acritarchs and chitinozoa. By using the modified SCFs extraction technique, more delicate fossil structures can also be recovered, including fragments of animals. In particular, this technique has been applied to sediments deposited during the Cambrian Period, since there is great interest in tracking how soft-bodied animals evolved during this time interval. Animal SCFs extracted from Cambrian sediments include the minute scales of priapulid worms, Wiwaxia sclerites, and arthropod feeding parts, for example. These organisms are not represented in the conventional (shelly) fossil record, and so the SCFs record provides data on their distribution and evolution that would not otherwise be available. Lagerstätten such as the Burgess Shale provide isolated snapshots of Palaeozoic life, whereas SCFs provide a more continuous record, albeit blighted by the fragmentary (and consequently enigmatic) nature of many of its constituents. As such, SCFs can help to fill in some of the details of the fossil record outside the rare Lagerstätten sites: for instance, highlighting the rapid nature of the Cambrian explosion.
# Peremoha Stadium

Peremoha Stadium is the main city stadium in Kamianske, Ukraine.
# Perimangelia nitens

Perimangelia nitens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The shell is similar to Clathromangelia variegata (Carpenter, 1864), but it has a chestnut and a white band.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Northwest USA, from Monterey, California, to Magdalena Bay, Lower California
# Perimeceta incrustalis

Perimeceta incrustalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Snellen in 1895. It is found on Java and in Australia, where it has been recorded from northern Queensland.
There is a dark brown pattern with white marks on the forewings. The hindwings are uniform pale brown.
# Slindile Nodangala

Slindile Nodangala (born June 23, 1972) is a South African actress most famous for acting as Ruby Dikobe, a shebeen queen in the soap, Generations, where her father is Sompisi (Tiki Nxumalo).

## Personal life

Nodangala grew up in Durban and was raised by her grandmother, who died in 1997, and her older siblings. When she was younger she was trained by Gibson Kente. Nodangala was also an active member of her church choir. She was involved in a car accident and suffered injuries to her leg and was hospitalised for three months. She has two children born in 1996 and 2001.

## Career
### Music

Nodangala was a backing vocalist for Stimela between 1994 and 1995.

### Acting

Nodangala had an understudy role in London at the Lyceum Theatre in 2001. She toured the world in five years to places like China, Taipei, Beijing, Shanghai, Malaysia, Beirut and Scandinavia meeting personalities like Prince Charles, Prince Edward, Tim Rice, Shirley Bassey, Elton John and the Prince of Jordan. Nodangala had a starring role on Generations between June 2011 and December 2014. She also featured in award-winning South African movie Izulu lami in 2008 and The Lion King musical. She joined the now-cancelled e.tv soap opera , Rhythm City in 2017. She later playing Nomvula Khubeka on eTV daily soap opera , Scandal!. In 2022 she joined the soap opera The River as Nolwazi Dlamini the sister of Lindiwe and Veronica Dlamini. She is currently playing Deliwe on SBONGILE & THE DLAMINIS on Mzansi Wethu.
* Filmography
# Smoke on the Water: The Best Of

Smoke on the Water: The Best Of is a compilation album by the English hard rock band Deep Purple in 1994. It was first released in France where it sold very well, attaining double gold disc status in December 1998. It was subsequently released in other countries, like Italy, Australia and New Zealand.

## Track listing

All titles composed by Ritchie Blackmore, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Jon Lord, Ian Paice, except where indicated
* "Hush" (Joe South) – 4:20
* "Kentucky Woman" (Neil Diamond) – 4:05
* "The Bird Has Flown" (Single edit) (Blackmore, Lord, Rod Evans) – 2:52
* "Hallelujah" (Roger Greenaway, Roger Cook) – 3:41
* "Black Night" – 3:24
* "Child in Time" – 10:16
* "Speed King" (Dutch single edit) – 4:22
* "Strange Kind of Woman" (Single edit) – 3:45
* "Fireball" (Single edit) – 3:19
* "Smoke on the Water" (US single edit) – 3:44
* "Highway Star" – 6:05
* "Never Before" (Single edit) – 3:27
* "Space Truckin'" – 4:31
* "Woman from Tokyo" (Single edit) – 2:43
* "Might Just Take Your Life" (Single edit) (Blackmore, Lord, Paice, David Coverdale) – 3:32
* "Burn" (Single edit) (Blackmore, David Coverdale, Glenn Hughes, Lord, Paice) – 4:08
* "Stormbringer" (Blackmore, Coverdale) – 4:28
* "You Keep on Moving" (Single edit) (Coverdale, Hughes) – 4:26

## Charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak position |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 20 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 30 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) | 28 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | 2× Gold | 200,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||
# Petar Šegedin (athlete)

Petar Šegedin (14 September 1926 – 14 October 1994) was a Yugoslav steeplechase and long-distance runner.
Šegedin won the 3000 m steeplechase silver medal at the 1950 European Athletics Championships. He placed 6th in the same event at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. His personal best over 3000 metres steeplechase was 8:47.8, set in 1953. He twice won the Yugoslavian Athletics Championships over 5000 m (1948 and 1950) and set five national records in this event.
Šegedin was a member of AK Jug, Dubrovnik and AK Partizan, Belgrade.

## Sources

* Petar Šegedin at sports-reference.com
* European Championships (men)
* Atletski savez Beograda - Atletičari (in Serbian)
* Gizdić, Jurica (2016). Hrvatski olimpijci i odličnici (PDF) (in Croatian). Croatian Olympic Committee. p. 73. ISBN 978-953-7912-05-5. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
Awards :
| Preceded byFirst award | Yugoslav Sportsman of the Year 1950 | Succeeded byAndrija Otenheimer |
* This biographical article relating to Croatian athletics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This biographical article relating to athletics in Yugoslavia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Forbachia

Forbachia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Slippery Jack

Slippery Jack is a name for:
* An Acoustic band from Lawrence, KS
* A species of mushroom, Suillus luteus
* Any mushroom of the genus Suillus
* A character from the children's television show Toad Patrol and Winx Club (mentioned)
# Perryville

Perryville may refer to a location in the United States:

## Communities

* Perryville, Alaska
* Perryville, Arkansas
* Perryville, Kentucky
** Battle of Perryville, in the American Civil War
* Perryville, Maryland
* Perryville, Missouri
* Perryville, New Jersey
** Perryville Tavern, listed on the NRHP in Hunterdon County, New Jersey
* Perryville, New York
* Perryville, Tennessee
* Perryville, Texas (disambiguation)

## Buildings

* Arizona State Prison Complex - Perryville, a prison in Goodyear, Maricopa County
* Perryville (McAlester, Oklahoma) on the list of NRHPs in Oklahoma
# Perryville, Alabama

Perryville is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Alabama, United States.

## History

Perryville is most likely named after Perry County, which in turn is named for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. A post office operated under the name Perryville from 1839 to 1954. In 1846, the Perryville schoolhouse was built on land sold by Exum Melton.
# Perryton Township, Mercer County, Illinois

Perryton Township is located in Mercer County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 474 and it contained 200 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.37 square miles (94.2 km$^2$), of which 36.35 square miles (94.1 km$^2$) (or 99.95%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km$^2$) (or 0.05%) is water.
# Sobo language

Sobo language may refer to:
* Isoko language, an Edoid language spoken by the Isoko people in southern Nigeria
* Urhobo language, an Edoid language spoken by the Urhobo people of southern Nigeria
# Gymnastics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's rhythmic individual clubs

The women's rhythmic individual clubs gymnastics competition at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia was held on 13 April at the Coomera Indoor Sports Centre.

## Final

Results:
| Place | Name | |
| | Sophie Crane (CAN) | 13.950 |
| | Sie Yan Koi (MAS) | 13.850 |
| | Diamanto Evripidou (CYP) | 13.550 |
| 4 | Amy Kwan Dict Weng (MAS) | 13.350 |
| 5 | Katherine Uchida (CAN) | 13.100 |
| 6 | Anna-Marie Ondaatje (SRI) | 11.200 |
| 7 | Viktoria Skittidi (CYP) | 11.150 |
| 8 | Enid Sung (AUS) | 9.850 |
# Peru at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Peru competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.

## Athletics
### Men’s Field Events

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Rank |
| Pompilio Falconi-Alvarez | Discus Throw F35-36 | 31.08 | 10 |
# Peter Martyn (actor)

Peter Martyn (19 October 1925 – 15 February 1955) was a British actor and TV presenter. He hosted the UK version of the U.S. game show The Name's the Same in 1954, and the game show Find the Link in 1954-55.
He also acted in the original Broadway production of Terence Rattigan's Harlequinade, in 1949.
Films and television series in which he appeared included:
* The Devil's Pass (1957)
* No Smoking (1955)
* Mad About Men (1954)
* Orders Are Orders (1954)
* Child's Play (1954)
* You Know What Sailors Are (1954)
* The Intruder (1953)
* Folly to Be Wise (1953)
* The Happy Family (1952)
* Lady Godiva Rides Again (1951)
* Appointment with Venus (1951)
* Studio One (1950 television series)
# Guzmania desautelsii

Guzmania desautelsii is a species of Bromeliads in the genus Guzmania. A plant native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama, the species was originally described by Robert William Read and Lyman Bradford Smith in 1983.

## Description

Guzmania desautelsii flowers at 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) high. The leaves of 30–70 cm (12–28 in) grow in rose-like clusters and are greyish-purple to green. It was first described in 1983 as follows:
   PLANT: flowering 2-3 dm high. LEAVES: rosulate, 3-7 dm long, greyish-purple to green beneath, densely punctulate-lepidote throughout becoming less so apically; sheaths distinct, elliptic, ca. 10 cm long; blades ligulate, acute, often acuminate, 3-5 cm wide. SCAPE: erect or ascending, glabrous; scape bracts erect, densely imbricate, the lowest subfoliaceous, the upper subelliptic, acuminate, mostly widely scattered lepidote but densely so apically. INFLORESCENCE: simple, ovoid, ellipsoid or subglobose strobilate, fertile throughout, 7-10 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS: elliptic, to broadly rounded wholly erect and imbricate, thin, chartaceous with membranaceous margins, ca. 4 cm long, exceeding the sepals, orange to scarlet at anthesis, obscurely pale lepidote. FLOWERS: 6-seriate. SEPALS: glabrous, firm, even, coriaceous, obtuse, short-connate, slightly carinate, ca. 20 mm long, wholly covered by the floral bracts. PETALS: white, ca. 28 mm long, barely exserted from bracts, connate for most of their length.

## Distribution

Occurrences of Guzmania desautelsii have been documented in Costa Rica and Panama. This range is also confirmed in records on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and citizen science efforts.
# Guzmania diffusa

Guzmania diffusa is a plant species in the genus Guzmania. This species is native to Ecuador and Colombia.
# Ford ATX transmission

The FLC-"Fluid Link Converter"- ATX was a 3-speed hydraulic automatic transaxle produced by Ford Motor Company from 1981 through 1994, first appearing in the North American Ford Escort, then later the European Escort in 1983. It was Ford's first automatic transmission developed for front wheel drive and transverse engine location. Used in the company's four-cylinder-powered cars ranging from the Escort to the Taurus. The 3.0-powered Tempo/Topaz used a beefed up version of the FLC as well. The transaxle did not have a lockup torque converter, or overdrive. It was controlled by a throttle or "kickdown" Linkage, the speedometer drive used a mechanical cable, and had no computer controls.
With the four-cylinder Taurus excised from the lineup after 1991, and with the addition of the new computer-controlled, 4-speed F-4EAT from Mazda, for the Ford Escort/Mercury Tracer, the original FLC continued in production solely for the Tempo and Topaz until those cars were discontinued in 1994.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | R |
| 2.84:1 | 1.54:1 | 1.00:1 | 2.33:1 |
Applications:
* 1981-1987 Mercury Lynx
* 1981-1990 Ford Escort (North America)
* 1983-1990 Ford Escort (Europe) / Ford Orion
* 1982-1988 Ford EXP
* 1982-1983 Mercury LN7
* 1984-1994 Ford Tempo
* 1984-1994 Mercury Topaz
* 1986-1991 Ford Taurus
* 1990-1994 Ford Laser
# Ford 7Y

Ford 7Y is a car built by Ford UK from 1938 until 1939. During that time 65,098 cars were produced.
The car was officially marketed as a Ford Eight, and was a rebodied and slightly larger version of the Model Y. The car was powered by a 933 cc (56.9 cu in) 8 hp (RAC horsepower) Ford sidevalve engine.
A minor facelift, unveiled in September 1939, resulted in the first Anglia.
The car sported some unusual features such as openable rear windows that were located in the main body work as this was only a two-door vehicle. A rear wheel cover was available on the de-luxe models with the standard version also having a recess in the rear bodywork to accept the spare wheel, albeit not covered. The storage of the spare wheel in this manner mimics the styling of the V8 Pilot. The 7Y was also the last model to be fitted with a 'kink' in the front bumper before the simpler straight bumpers were introduced on the Anglia (E04A). The 'kink' and accompanying opening in the bottom of the grille allowed for starting the engine with a hand crank.

## Ford 8hp E94A Roadster

For 1939 the Y7 tourer was replaced by the 8 hp (6 kW) E94A Roadster. It retained the front styling, 8 hp engine and 90-inch wheelbase of the 7Y tourer but featured different rear panels. The E94A was produced only for the 1939 model year.
# Ford 9-inch axle

The Ford 9-inch is an automobile axle manufactured by Ford Motor Company. It is known as one of the most popular axles in automotive history. It was introduced in 1957 model year cars and ended production in 1986, having been phased out in favor of the Ford 8.8 inch axle. However, aftermarket companies still produce the 9-inch design. It is a semi-floating drop-out axle and had a GAWR up to 3,600 lb (1,630 kg).
One of the features which distinguishes this axle from other high-performance or heavy-duty domestic solid axles is that unlike other axle designs, access to the differential gears is not through the rear center cover; rather, in the Ford 9 inch, the rear cover is welded to the axle housing, and access to internals is obtained by removing the center cover on the pinion (front) side of the axle through which the driveshaft yoke connects, with the differential assembly coming out of the axle as a unit attached to the cover. Although this requires disconnecting the driveshaft to access the internal gearset, it offers the advantage of being able to disassemble and reassemble the differential gears and adjust clearances conveniently on the benchtop, rather than with the restricted access of working within the axle housing under the car.

## General specifications

* Ring gear measures 9.00 in (228.6 mm)
* Factory nodular center sections are usually marked with an "N".
* Factory center section's biggest flaw is the pinion bearing pilot support, which are prone to cracking due to the nature of the pinion gear/crown gear relationship.
* Factory center sections carry two (2) different bearing dimensions (3.0625 and 3.250 in or 77.7875 and 82.5500 mm).
* Factory axle shaft and differential spline count is 28 and 31, although aftermarket axles with 35 and 40 spline count are readily available from reputable manufacturers.
* Wide variety of axle bearing flanges were fabricated.
* Although most factory assemblies carried drum brakes, there were units which were fitted with disc brakes (Thunderbird, etc.).
* Factory axle (wheel) bearings are retained via a press-on collar, and not an internal c-clip inside the differential.
* Axles are straight, and not tapered (which can be cut and resplined, if so needed).

## Common applications

* 1957-1986 Ford F-100 & F-150
* 1958-1960 Edsel (All series including Wagons)
* 1976-1980 Ford Granada
* 1976-1979 Lincoln Versailles
* 1957-1970 Ford Fairlane
* 1957-1971 Ford Thunderbird
* 1964 1/2-1973 Ford Mustang
* 1966-1983 Ford Bronco
* 1967-1984 Ford Falcon (Australia)
* 1968-1976 Ford Torino
* 1969-1970 1/2 Ford Falcon (North America)
* 1957-1959 Ranchero and Wagon
* 1967-1973 Ranchero
Note:
# Peter Collins

Peter or Pete Collins may refer to:

## People

* Peter Collins (academic) (born 1945), British academic
* Peter Collins (New South Wales politician) (born 1947), Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales, 1995–1998
* Peter Collins (Victorian politician) (born 1941), member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
* Peter Collins (broadcaster) (born 1964), Irish sportscaster
* Peter Collins (bishop) (born 1958), Roman Catholic Bishop of East Anglia
* Peter Collins (footballer) (born 1948), English footballer
* Peter Collins (organ builder) (1941–2015), English pipe organ builder
* Peter Collins (racing driver) (1931–1958), English racing driver
* Peter Collins (record producer) (1951–2024), English record producer
* Peter Collins (speedway rider) (born 1954), English former speedway rider
* Peter Collins (racing team manager) (born 1950), former racing team manager for the Lotus and Benetton Formula One teams
* Peter B. Collins (born 1953), American broadcaster
* Peter J. Collins (1859–1913), American politician from Ohio

## Other uses

* Pete Collins, fictional character in British soap opera, Emmerdale
* Pete Collins, fictional character in Australian soap opera Neighbours
* Peter Collins (slang), designating a nonexistent person to whom a newcomer was sent on an errand as a kind of initiation
# Gyges

Gyges can refer to:
* One of the Hecatoncheires from Greek mythology
* King Gyges of Lydia
* Ogyges
* Ring of Gyges
# For the Love of It

For the Love of It may refer to:
* For the Love of It (album), a 2005 album by Bradley Joseph
* "For the Love of It" (song), a 1999 song by Salmonella Dub
* For the Love of It (film), a 1980 TV movie featuring Adam West
* For the Love of It, Pepsi's new tagline in replacement of "Live for Now"