OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1876–77 in English football

The 1876–77 season was the sixth season of competitive football in England.

## National team

| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score | England scorers | Scotland scorers |
| 3 March 1877 | Kennington Oval, London | Scotland | 1–3 | Alfred Lyttelton (Cambridge University) (55 mins) | John Ferguson(2), James Richmond |
Once again England played Scotland at the Kennington Oval This was England's first defeat on 'home soil'. The referee for this match was former England player, Robert Ogilvie.

## Honours

| Competition | Winner |
| FA Cup | Wanderers (4*) |
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition

## Events

* First edition of the Birmingham Senior Cup, the earliest Association competition on a local level, takes place, won by Wednesbury Old Athletic F.C.
* First edition of the Sheffield & Hallamshire Senior Cup, at that time played to the Sheffield rules, takes place, won by The Wednesday.
# Violin Concerto No. 1 (Szymanowski)

Karol Szymanowski’s Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 35, is considered one of the first modern violin concertos. It rejects traditional tonality and romantic aesthetics.
It was written in 1916 while the composer was in Zarudzie, Poland. Paul Kochanski advised Szymanowski on the fine point of violin technique during the composition of the concerto, and he later wrote the cadenza. The work is dedicated to Kochański. The likely inspiration for the concerto was Noc Majowa, a poem by the Polish poet Tadeusz Miciński. The concerto doesn't follow or duplicate the poem, yet Szymanowski's ecstatic, sumptuous music is an ideal companion to Miciński's language:
All the birds pay tribute to me
for today I wed a goddess. And now we stand by the lake in crimson blossom in flowing tears of joy, with rapture and fear, burning in amorous conflagration.
The concerto was premiered 1 November 1922 in Warsaw with Józef Ozimiński as the soloist. It would soon come to inspire, among others, Béla Bartók when writing his Second Violin Concerto.
It is scored for solo violin, 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling English horn), 3 clarinets (3rd doubling E♭ clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, percussion, 2 harps and strings.

## Structure

The violin concerto is in one continuous movement. A performance takes approximately 18 to 20 minutes.
# Garuli

The Garuli were an ancient Ligurian tribe mentioned by Livy as being subjugated by Rome under consuls Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Quintus Mucius Scaevola in 175 BCE. (Liv. xli. 19.) They inhabited the area of Cenisola.
# 1883–84 in Scottish football

The 1883–84 season was the 11th season of competitive football in Scotland. This season saw the introduction of the British Home Championship, with Scotland winning the inaugural contest. In addition, two further regional competitions were played for the first time with the inaugural Forfarshire Cup and Stirlingshire Cup.

## Honours
### Cup honours
#### National

Vale of Leven asked for a postponement to the date of the Scottish Cup Final due to bereavements, illness etc. but the Scottish Football Association refused and awarded the cup to Queen's Park.
| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| Scottish Cup | Queen's Park | w.o. | Vale of Leven |

#### County

| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| Ayrshire Cup | Kilmarnock | 1 – 0 | Hurlford |
| Buteshire Cup | Cumbrae | 4 – 1 | St Blane's |
| East of Scotland Shield | Hibernian | 7 – 0 | St Bernard's |
| Fife Cup | Dunfermline Athletic | 2 – 0 | Alloa Athletic |
| Forfarshire Cup | Arbroath | 2 – 1 | Dundee Harp |
| Lanarkshire Cup | Cambuslang | 4 – 0 | Dykehead |
| Renfrewshire Cup | St Mirren | 7 – 1 | Thornliebank |
| Stirlingshire Cup | Falkirk | 3 – 1 | East Stirlingshire |

#### Other

| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| Glasgow Charity Cup | Queen's Park | 8 – 0 | 3rd Lanark RV |

## Scotland national team

Scotland won the inaugural British Home Championship after defeating Ireland, England and Wales
| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score | Competition | Scotland scorers |
| 26 January 1884 | Ulster Cricket Ground, Belfast | Ireland | 5 – 0 | British Home Championship | William Harrower (2), James Gossland (2), John Goudie |
| 15 March 1884 | Cathkin Park, Glasgow | England | 1 – 0 | British Home Championship | John Smith |
| 29 March 1884 | Cathkin Park, Glasgow | Wales | 4 – 1 | British Home Championship | Joseph Lindsay, Frank Shaw, John Kay (2) |
| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Scotland (C) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 1 | +9 | 6 |
| 2 | England | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 2 | +10 | 4 |
| 3 | Wales | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 8 | −1 | 2 |
| 4 | Ireland | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 19 | −18 | 0 |
# Gary Dickie

Gary John Dickie was a Scottish footballer who played for Morton, East Stirling, Albion Rovers and Dumbarton.
# Vladan Slijepčević

Vladan Slijepčević (30 October 1930 – 13 September 1989) was a Serbian and Yugoslavian film director and screenwriter. He directed more than 50 films between 1952 and 1989. His 1966 film The Climber was entered into the 5th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize.

## Selected filmography

* Where to After the Rain? (1967)
* The Climber (1966)
* The Real State of Affairs (1964)
* Three-Hearts Locket (1962)
* For Youth (1953)
# Virbia arbela

Virbia arbela is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1889. It is found in Mexico.
# 1908 William & Mary Orange and White football team

The 1908 William & Mary Orange and White football team represented the College of William & Mary as a member of the Eastern Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Association (EVIAA) during the 1909 college football season. Le by first-year head coach George E. O'Hearn, the Orange and White compiled an overall record of 4–6–1.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 26 | at Virginia* | Madison Hall FieldCharlottesville, VA | L 0–11 | |
| October 3 | at VMI* | Lexington, VA (rivalry) | L 0–21 | |
| October 12 | at North Carolina A&M* | Riddick StadiumRaleigh, NC | L 0–24 | |
| October 17 | vs. Randolph–Macon* | Petersburg, VA | L 0–6 | |
| October 24 | Brambleton* | Williamsburg, VA | T 0–0 | |
| October 31 | vs. Hampden–Sydney | Petersburg, VA | L 0–10 | |
| November 7 | Fort Monroe* | Williamsburg, VA | W 5–0 | |
| November 14 | vs. Randolph–Macon | Richmond, VA | L 0–15 | |
| November 21 | at Richmond | Broad Street ParkRichmond, VA (rivalry) | W 21–18 | |
| November 26 | vs. Hampden–Sydney* | Casino ParkNewport News, VA | W 17–0 | 2,000+ |
| December 4 | vs. St. Vincent's Academy | Newport News, VA | W 6–5 | |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# 105th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The 105th Division (第105師団, Dai-hyakugo Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Diligent Division (勤兵団, Kin Heidan). It was formed 15 June 1944 in southern Luzon as a C(hey)-class security division. The nucleus for the formation was the 33rd Independent Mixed Brigade and Kawashima detachment. The division was initially assigned to the 14th area army

## Action

Initially the 105th division was garrisoning from Manila to Bicol Region. Prior to the Battle of Luzon, various detachments were sent north, particularly to Lamon Bay. Largest of these units is known as "Noguchi detachment". Although some of the detachments have fought in Cagayan during the Battle of Luzon since January 1945 and were forced to retreat to the Kiangan, Ifugao, the bulk of the 105th division has survived until surrender of Japan 15 August 1945.
# Vitreoretinopathy

Vitreoretinopathy may refer to:
* Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV), a rare inherited autoimmune uveitis, first identified in 1990
* Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, a genetic eye disorder
* Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a disease that develops as a complication to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
# Vitreoscilla

Vitreoscilla is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin (VHb) was first discovered from Vitreoscilla, and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation.

## Etymology

The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective vitreus, which means clear or transparent; and the noun oscillum, meaning a swing. Thus Vitreoscilla is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion.

## Species

There are three valid species under the genus, namely
* Vitreoscilla beggiatoides Pringsheim 1949 (type species)
* Vitreoscilla filiformis (ex Pringsheim 1951) Strohl et al. 1986
* Vitreoscilla stercoraria Pringsheim 1951

## Structure

Members of Vitreoscilla are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are morphologically colourless filaments that contain cells with diameters of 1-3 μm and 1-12 μm long. Each filament may contain from 1 to 40 cells. Locomotion is by gliding, and no special locomotor organelles are present. The cell walls are composed of the amino acids alanine, glutamate, and diaminopimelic acid, with approximate molar ratios of 2:1:1.

## Importance

Vitreoscilla bacteria have a unique property in that they produces a type of haemoglobin, VHb. This molecule unlike classic haemoglobin is composed only of a single globin molecule. VHb is known to have a wide variety of functions including improving cell growth, protein synthesis, enhanced metabolism, nitric oxide detoxification, increase respiration and production of ethanol. Some of these properties have been exploited as potential benefits in biotechnology and industry.
# Vittore Ugo Righi

Vittore Ugo Righi (23 March 1910 – 28 April 1980) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who served in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He became an archbishop in 1963 and led the offices representing the Holy See in Paraguay and Iran.

## Biography

Vittore Ugo Righi was born on 23 March 1910 in Gualdo Tadino, Italy. His parents named him after the French author Victor Hugo. He was ordained a priest on 24 June 1933.
One of his early assignments in the diplomatic service took him to the Apostolic Delegation to Turkey where in 1939 he became secretary to Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII. Roncalli found him "docile and good".
On 14 October 1961, Pope John XXIII appointed him titular archbishop of Bilta and Apostolic Internuncio to Iran. He received his episcopal consecration on 8 December 1961 from Cardinal Luigi Traglia.
On 1 February 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed him Apostolic Nuncio to Paraguay. His assignment there ended in 1967.
He authored a study of Roncalli's work in Greece and Turkey during World War II that appeared in 1971.
He died on 28 April 1980. A street in his home town is named for him.
# Educational evaluation

Educational evaluation is the evaluation process of characterizing and appraising some aspect/s of an educational process.
There are two common purposes in educational evaluation which are, at times, in conflict with one another. Educational institutions usually require evaluation data to demonstrate effectiveness to funders and other stakeholders, and to provide a measure of performance for marketing purposes. Educational evaluation is also a professional activity that individual educators need to undertake if they intend to continuously review and enhance the learning they are endeavoring to facilitate.

## Purpose for educational evaluation

The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation published three sets of standards for educational evaluations. The Personnel Evaluation Standards was published in 1988, The Program Evaluation Standards (2nd edition) was published in 1994, and The Student Evaluations Standards was published in 2003.
# Polly Irvin

Polly Irvin is a British Time Out award-winning theatre director, actress and author, and former head of the BA programme in theatre directing at London drama school Rose Bruford College.

## Career

Irvin trained as an actress at Central School of Speech and Drama in London, and upon graduating worked as an actress in theatre and television for nearly a decade before turning to directing. She founded Wild Iris theatre company in 1992, for which she directed theatre productions at the Bristol Old Vic theatre, the Tricycle Theatre, the Bush Theatre and the Battersea Arts Centre. As a freelance director she directed Shakespeare's As You Like It at the Bristol Old Vic, and a devised adaptation of Hansel and Gretel for the Lyric Hammersmith in London.
In 2002, Irvin published her first book, Directing for the Stage, a series of interviews with contemporary theatre directors including Deborah Warner, Robert Lepage and Trevor Nunn.
# Padideh

Padideh (پدیده) is a Persian girl's name meaning "phenomenon".
* Padideh F.C. Iranian football club based in Mashhad, also called Padide
* Padideh Bolourizadeh 1974 Iranian track and field athlete and volleyball player
* Padideh Shandiz Iranian private joint-stock holding company active in restaurants
* Padideh Jalali, Ph.D. CEO of UpperMark, Inc., specializing in alternative investments and CAIA exam study resources.
# Gabriel Bouvery

Gabriel Bouvery (died 1572) was a French bishop of Angers, successor to Jean V Olivier who died 12 April 1540.

## Nomination and episcopacy

François I of France intervened with the chapter of Angers Cathedral, imposing the nomination of Bouvery. The king had taken the 1534 Affair of the Placards badly, as far as his attitude to toleration of Protestants went. Bouvery was the nephew of Guillaume Poyet, a courtier close to the king and son of Pierre Poyet who had been mayor of Angers. It was a political appointment aimed at royal control in the Catholic Church, in a successor to the late Jean V Olivier.
In 1553 Bouvert consecrated the new church of Notre-Dame-des-Ardilliers in Saumur, founded by Olivier. He worked to implement the decisions of the Council of Trent, which he attended. Through his uncle, Bouvery became patron of Guillaume Postel; he was patron also of Jean Bodin.

## Role during the Wars of Religion

On the 1560 accession of Charles IX of France, religious war in France came into the open. Bouvery put in place an Angevin Catholic League, in 1567: it comprised 59 of the nobility, with others including Arthur de Cossé-Brissac, the bishop of Coutances. The diocese was spared the worst of the violence. Fighting continued to the Peace of Longjumeau (1568) and Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1570). Gabriel Bouvery died on 10 February 1572. He was succeeded by Guillaume Ruzé, bishop of Saint-Malo. Violence followed shortly in 1572 during the St Bartholomew's Day massacre of August; the governor Puygaillard of Anjou was then in Paris, but entrusted plans to attack Protestants in Saumur and Angers to Jean de Chambes, baron of Montsoreau. De Chambes's violence was rebuked on 14 September by the king.
# Valine—tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a valine—tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    ATP + L-valine + tRNAVal $\rightleftharpoons$ AMP + diphosphate + L-valyl-tRNAVal
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-valine, and tRNA(Val), whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-valyl-tRNA(Val).
This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, to be specific those forming carbon-oxygen bonds in aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-valine:tRNAVal ligase (AMP-forming). Other names in common use include valyl-tRNA synthetase, valyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase, valyl-transfer RNA synthetase, valyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, valine transfer ribonucleate ligase, and valine translase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1GAX, 1IVS, 1IYW, 1WK9, and 1WKA.
# Ge Xiurun

Ge Xiurun (Chinese: 葛修润; 12 July 1934 – 4 January 2023) was a Chinese rock mechanics engineer, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

## Biography

Ge was born in Nanhui County (now Nanhui District), Shanghai on July 12, 1934. He attended the Nanyang Model High School. In 1952, he was accepted to Tsinghua University, where he majored in the Water Conservancy Department. In 1954, he arrived in the Soviet Union to begin his education at the Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
He returned to China after graduating with a vice-doctorate degree and began working in the Central South Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was reshuffled as the Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics later. Between 1981 and 1983, he worked at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, alongside Leopold Müller. From January 1980 to January 1998, he successively worked as deputy director and then director of the Research Office of Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in January 1985.
On January 4, 2023, Ge died at the age of 88.

## Honours and awards

* 1985 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Special) for the Gezhouba Second and Third Rivers Project and Its Hydropower Units
* 1990 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class) for the three dimensional finite element analysis of gravity dam on Qing River considering complex foundation
* 1995 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
# Listed buildings in Mearley

Mearley is a civil parish in Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. It contains three listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish is entirely rural, and the listed buildings consist of three dwellings.

## Key

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
| Grade | Criteria |
| II* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| Little Mearley Hall 53°52′13″N 2°20′36″W﻿ / ﻿53.87031°N 2.34322°W﻿ / 53.87031; -2.34322﻿ (Little Mearley Hall) | | Late 16th century | A house in sandstone, mostly pebbledashed, with a roof partly in slate and partly in stone-slate. There are two storeys and an attic, and a main range and a cross wing. The windows are in varying types; some are mullioned, and some contain sashes or casements. There is a two-storey bay window that was formerly in Sawley Abbey. One doorway has a plain surround, another has a moulded surround and a Tudor arched head, and above it is an inscribed plaque. | II* |
| Great Mearley Cottage 53°51′46″N 2°21′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.86291°N 2.35215°W﻿ / 53.86291; -2.35215﻿ (Great Mearley Cottage) | — | Late 17th century | The house is in pebbledashed stone with a stone-slate roof, and has two storeys and three bays. The windows are mullioned, and the doorway has a chamfered surround. Above the doorway is a blank plaque. | II |
| Lane Side Farmhouse 53°51′58″N 2°21′04″W﻿ / ﻿53.86622°N 2.35124°W﻿ / 53.86622; -2.35124﻿ (Lane Side Farmhouse) | — | Late 18th century | A sandstone house with a slate roof, in two storeys and two bays. The windows are mullioned with plain surrounds, and the entrance is at the rear through a single-storey porch. | II |
# Lower South Falls

Lower South Falls, is a waterfall located in the Silver Falls State Park at the east end of the city of Salem, in Marion County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is located in a privileged area on the west foothills where Mount Hood National Forest meets with the Middle Santiam Wilderness. Several prominent waterfalls are located in the Park along Trail of Ten Falls: South Falls, Drake Falls, Middle North Falls, and Winter Falls—among others.

## Location

Lower South Falls is created along the course of South Silver Creek and it sits on the west section of Silver Falls State Park Trail of Ten Falls, along Canyon Trail, a mile north of South Falls. Lower South Falls is one of four waterfalls in the Park where the trail passes behind the falls.
# Viatel Inc.

Viatel Inc., founded in the United States in 1991, was a Nasdaq-quoted technology company which operated fiber optic networks in several countries, including in the United Kingdom during the mid-1990s. Viatel Technology Group, a Dublin-based technology company focused primarily on the Irish market, was founded from some of the elements of Viatel Inc. following acquisition by Digiweb in 2013.

## History
### Early years

Viatel was founded in 1991, in Colorado, by Martin Varsavsky. In 1994, it went public on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Four years later, Varsavsky sold his stake in the company for US$200 million and left the company. In 1999, Viatel's market capitalization reached US$1.2 billion. At that time, Viatel's second-largest outside shareholder was George Soros, while the largest outside stake was held by the global telecommunications company COMSAT.
On 2 May 2001 Viatel Inc. and its all of its U.S. subsidies filed for relief under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the state of Delaware. In 2013 it was reported, in Süddeutsche Zeitung, that documents provided by Edward Snowden revealed that several telecom operators, including Viatel, had played a role in helping the British intelligence agency Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) to tap onto worldwide fiber-optic communications.

### Sale to Digiweb and divestment of Viatel Technology Group

The European arm of Viatel was purchased, in May 2013, by the Irish telecoms operator Digiweb, with at least some Viatel investors retaining interests in the new setup. In November 2015, it was announced that Zayo was in the process of buying Viatel's UK and mainland Europe network, leaving the Irish network to continue under the name of Viatel; This €98.8m transaction was completed on 31 December 2015.
The remaining elements of Viatel, branded as the 'Viatel Technology Group', focused on the Irish and European markets, primarily providing business telecoms, cloud and cyber security services. In 2018, Paul Rellis, formerly of Microsoft, was appointed as CEO of the Digiweb Group, with Digiweb and Viatel as the main operating branches.
In 2020, Viatel Technology Group acquired Ripplecom and Irish Telecom Service. During 2021, the company acquired Skytel Networks and Nova Telecom. This was followed, in 2022, by the acquisition of ActionPoint, Wifibre, and supportIT. Sungard AS Ireland was acquired in May 2023. By 2023, Viatel Technology Group had over 310 employees with offices in Dublin, Dundalk and Limerick.
Viatel Technology Group was included, by Deloitte Ireland, on its 2022 list of "Ireland's Best Managed Companies". In 2023, Viatel was named "Best Place to Work" at the Tech Excellence Awards, and Managed ICT Company of the Year by the Chambers Ireland InBUSINESS Recognition Awards.