OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Spur (disambiguation)

A spur is a metal instrument fastened to the heel of a horse rider.
Spur or Spurs may also refer to:

## Medicine

* Bone spurs, a skeletal disorder forming small bony outgrowth along joint margins
** Heel spur, a thin spike of calcification in the human foot

## Organizations

* San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association, a non-profit research, education, and advocacy organization
* Gruppe SPUR, a German artistic collaboration, and their journal of the same name
* Spur Steak Ranches, a chain of steakhouses in South Africa
* Spur gas, North American gas stations operated by Murphy Oil

## Routes

* Spur line, a short railway (railroad) branching from a main line
* Spur route, a short road branching from longer, more important route
* Spur trail, a shorter trail which branches from a longer route

## Science

* Spur (botany), an elongated appendage of certain sepals
* Spur (geology), a ridge, often one that is subordinate to a larger ridge
** Interlocking spur, one of any number of ridges extending alternately from the opposite sides of the wall of a young, V-shaped valley
* Spur (stem), a short flower- and fruit-bearing stem on some fruit trees
* Spur (zoology), an outgrowth of bone covered in a sheath of horn
* Spur (chemistry), a region of high concentration of reaction product

## Sports

* Witbank Spurs, a defunct association football club that was based in Witbank, South Africa
* Tottenham Hotspur F.C., a football team based in London, England
* San Antonio Spurs, a National Basketball Association team based in San Antonio, Texas, US
** Spurs Sports & Entertainment, the company that owns the San Antonio Spurs and other sports-related assets
* Chancellor's Spurs, a traveling trophy awarded to the winner of the college football game between Texas Tech University and the University of Texas at Austin

## Other uses

* Spur (architecture), the ornament carved on the angles of the bases of early columns
* Spur (horse), an American thoroughbred racehorse
* Spur (lunar crater)
* "Spurs" (short story), a short story by Tod Robbins that served as the basis of the film Freaks
* Spur (topography), a mountain ridge projecting laterally from a main mountain or mountain range
* Spur (typography), a small continuation of part of a printed letter, especially an uppercase G
* Spur (vine), one-year-old wood of a grapevine that is pruned back to leave just one or two buds to be used for next year's crop of grapes
* Spur, Texas, United States
* Spur Award, an annual literary prize awarded by the Western Writers of America
* Spur Gasoline Station, a historic building in Cynthiana, kentucky
* Spur gear, a type of gear
* SPURS National Honor Society, a collegiate sophomore honor-service society in the United States
* Spurious tone or spur, a tone in an electronic circuit which interferes with a signal
* The Spur, a collection of Arts and Crafts bungalows in Clifton, Christchurch, New Zealand
* The Spurs, a Canadian country music group 1999–2000
* Truncated spur
# John William

John William may refer to:

## Given name

* John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1562–1609)
* Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1530–1573)

## People

* John William, Baron Ripperda (1680–1737), political adventurer and Spanish prime minister
* John William (MP for Dartmouth), see Dartmouth
* John William (MP for Southwark), see Southwark
# Palm Springs Surf Club

Palm Springs Surf Club is a surf club located in Palm Springs, California. The park operated under Cedar Fair's ownership as Knott's Soak City until 2013 when CNL Lifestyle Properties acquired it and changed the name to Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs. In 2019, the park was acquired by Pono Acquisition Partners I, LLC. The park opened in 2024.

## History

Palm Springs Surf Club officially opened as Oasis Water Park by Waterpark Associates in 1986. By 2001, Oasis Water Park spanned 16 acres (6.5 ha) of a 21-acre (8.5 ha) property, featured 20 attractions and had a seasonal attendance of 200,000 people. In May 2001, Cedar Fair entered into an agreement to acquire the park. The deal was finalised one month later for $9.1 million. The park was immediately branded Knott's Oasis Water Park, with additional advertising driving revenues for the remainder of the year. At the conclusion of the 2001 season Cedar Fair reported the park was down 13% at the time of acquisition, however, this was turned around to a 13% increase by the end of the season under the park's new owners.
In the 2001-2002 winter off-season, Cedar Fair invested $2 million into refurbishing and rebranding the park into a Knott's Soak City park, joining other locations in Chula Vista and Buena Park. The refurbishment included the park's gas chlorine sanitation system being replaced by a liquid chlorine equivalent, as well as the repainting and renaming of all slides to match the other Soak City parks. A Rain Fortress aqua play area by WhiteWater West was also added to the park, which reopened in March 2002. The renovation of the park saw increases in attendance and revenue of "about 40%" in the 2002 season.
On August 14, 2013, Cedar Fair announced it had sold its Palm Springs Soak City to CNL Lifestyle Properties. The park was allowed to operate under the Soak City name for the until the conclusion of the 2013 season. In November 2013, CNL Lifestyle Properties completed their acquisition of the ownership and operational rights of Wet'n'Wild Hawaii and Wet'n'Wild Phoenix. As part of the transaction with Australian firm, Village Roadshow Theme Parks, CNL also acquired rights to the Wet'n'Wild brand in the United States. In December 2013, CNL announced the Palm Springs water park would operate as Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs from the 2014 season. In January 2019, the park was acquired by Pono Acquisition Partners I, LLC and was set to reopen in 2021, however the opening was delayed until 2024 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## In popular culture

The opening scenes of the 1987 film "North Shore" were filmed at the Oasis Water Park wave tank. In the film, the wave tank location where the surf contest takes place was actually depicted as Arizona.
In June 2019, shortly before demolition commenced at Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs, professional skateboarders including Lizzie Armanto, Omar Hassan, Riley Hawk, Tony Hawk, Aaron Homoki, Kevin Kowalski, Torey Pudwill and Daewon Song spent a week filming in the closed park to create a nine-minute viral video for Thrasher Magazine entitled "High 'N' Dry".
# Wełna (river)

The Wełna (German: Welna, also Kleine Warthe) is a river in west-central Poland, a right tributary of the Warta river, with a length of 118 kilometres and a basin area of 2,635 km$^2$. Its source is near Gniezno. It passes through Janowiec Wielkopolski, Wągrowiec and Rogoźno, and flows into the Warta near Oborniki.
# Under the Gun (Tijuana Sweetheart album)

Under the Gun is the third album by Boston rock band Tijuana Sweetheart, released on February 18, 2012.
The tracks from this album have already been called "a fresh sonic blend of the Ramones, Rancid and the Go-Go's." Another reviewer in the Boston Phoenix said of their cover of the Misfits "Astro Zombies", "compensates for at least a-dozen-or-so of the hundreds of [poor] Misfits interpretations I’ve endured over the years." Further adding "they’ve outgrown any punky sameness, and Under the Gun smacks with stylistic growth. There’s poppy sweetness overlaying “Sunday,” and big honkin’ metal breakdowns on tracks such as “E.A.T.”" Under the Gun is a "pure punk album" with "a very defined and uncompromising sound", with some tracks even being compared to Motörhead.

## Track listing

* "Fallout" – 2:51
* "Sunday" – 3:42
* "Dragging My Heels" – 2:38
* "Heathcliff" – 1:47
* "Vanity" – 2:00
* "Pistol Whipped" – 2:28
* "Last Transmission" – 3:04
* "E.A.T." – 1:31
* "Astrozombies" – 2:50
# Lists of Indian Punjabi films

This is the list of Punjabi films released in Indian Punjab ordered by year and decade.
* List of Indian Punjabi films after 2011
* List of Indian Punjabi films between 2001 and 2010
* List of Indian Punjabi films between 1991 and 2000
* List of Indian Punjabi films between 1981 and 1990
* List of Indian Punjabi films between 1971 and 1980
* List of Indian Punjabi films before 1970
# Harold Sawyer

Harold Sawyer may refer to:
* Harold S. Sawyer (1920–2003), American attorney and politician from Michigan
* Harold E. Sawyer (1890–1969), American prelate
# Heterocheirodon

Heterocheirodon is a genus of characins from South America, with two described species:
* Heterocheirodon jacuiensis L. R. Malabarba & Bertaco, 1999
* Heterocheirodon yatai (Casciotta, Miquelarena & Protogino, 1992)
# Listed buildings in Cotton Edmunds

Cotton Edmunds is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Christleton, in Cheshire West and Chester, England. It contains two buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, each of which is at Grade II. This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The listed buildings consist of three packhorse bridges, two of which are designated together.
| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| Western bridge 53°11′08″N 2°47′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.18568°N 2.78544°W﻿ / 53.18568; -2.78544﻿ (Western bridge) | | Late 18th century (probable) | This is a humpback bridge crossing a drain, constructed in sandstone blocks. It consists of a segmental arch and has a plain parapet. The carriageway consists of stone setts and cobbles. |
| Central and eastern bridges 53°11′10″N 2°47′05″W﻿ / ﻿53.18611°N 2.78475°W﻿ / 53.18611; -2.78475﻿ (Central and eastern bridges) | | Late 18th century (probable) | These are two humpback bridges, with the adjoining causeway. The central bridge crosses the main channel of the River Gowy, and the eastern bridge is over a side channel. The bridges are constructed in sandstone blocks, which form segmental arches. Each bridge has a plain parapet. |
# Sherry Chen

Sherry Chen may refer to:
* Sherry Chen (politician) (born 1955), South African politician
* Sherry Chen (actress) (born 1983), Hong Kong actress
* Sherry Chen (hydrologist), American scientist falsely accused of spying for China
# Palisa (disambiguation)

Palisa is a genus of sea slug found in the Caribbean with only one species, namely Palisa papillata.
Palisa could also refer to:
* Johann Palisa (1848 – 1925), an Austrian astronomer
* Pavlo Palisa, who founded the 5th Assault Brigade (Ukraine) in May 2022
* Noludwe Palisa Aretha Wiggins, a candidate from the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the Inkatha Freedom Party; see Party lists for the 2019 South African election#Inkatha Freedom Party
* Palisa (crater), a specific crater on the Moon
# Jitadih

Jitadih is a village in panchayat- Murhan-Jamin, block- Goradih, district- Bhagalpur, state- Bihar.
25°09′N 87°07′E﻿ / ﻿25.150°N 87.117°E﻿ / 25.150; 87.117
* This article related to a location in Bihar is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Heterochaeta orientalis

Heterochaeta orientalis is a species of mantis from the family Toxoderidae native to Africa. It is known by various common names including cat-eye mantis or giant african stick mantis.

## Description

It is a stick mimicking species, with a thin and elongated thorax and abdomen.

## Distribution

iNaturalist observations of H. orientalis have been made across Africa, such as in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, South Africa, Nigeria or Senegal.
# Serdaroğlu, Çaycuma

Serdaroğlu (formerly: Gökçe Hatipler and Turfa Hatipler) is a village in Çaycuma District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 499 (2022).
# Frank Baker

Frank Baker may refer to:

## Sport

* Frank Baker (ice hockey) (1884–1959), Canadian ice hockey player
* Home Run Baker (John Franklin Baker, 1886–1963), American baseball player
* Frank Baker (cricketer) (1887–1961), Irish cricketer
* Frank Baker (American football) (1909–1985), American football player
* Frank Baker (footballer) (1918–1989), English footballer
* Frank Baker (outfielder) (1944–2010), American baseball player
* Frank Baker (shortstop) (born 1946), American baseball player

## Politics

* Frank D. Baker (1852–1927), American politician in Michigan
* Frank R. Baker (1861–1952), American politician in the state of Washington
* B. Frank Baker (1864–1939), American businessman and politician in Illinois
* Frank E. Baker (politician) (died 1957), American politician
* Francis Patrick Baker (1873–1959), member of the Australian House of Representatives
* Francis Matthew John Baker (1903–1939), member of the Australian House of Representatives
* Frank Baker (Boston politician) (born 1968), member of the Boston City Council

## Others

* Frank Baker (physician) (1841–1918), American physician
* Frank Baker (actor) (1892–1980), Australian western actor of the silent era
* Frank Baker (writer) (1908–1982), English author, actor, musician and television scriptwriter
* Frank Baker (1922–1989), Vancouver alderman and owner of The Attic restaurant
* Frank Baker (diplomat) (born 1961), British ambassador
# Shift Communications

Shift Communications is a public relations and marketing firm based in Boston with offices in New York and San Francisco. The company was founded in 2003, when the clients and assets of former public relations firm Sterling Hager was acquired by three of its top executives. In 2006, it created the first world's first Social Media Release. The firm's primary practice areas are in the healthcare, technology and consumer markets.

## History

Shift Communications was founded in May 2003 out of a technology PR firm, Sterling Hager. Sterling Hager sold the firm's assets to three of his executives, Jim Joyal, Todd Defren and Ed Weiler, who renamed and re-launched the firm as Shift Communications. In 2005, the firm developed cutting-edge and market leading lead-tracking software called LeadSensor, which was licensed to Vernier Networks.
In 2006, Shift created the industry's first Social Media Release a few days after a blog was published by former Financial Times journalist Tom Foremski titled “Die! Press release! Die! Die! Die!". The template Shift created for a modern press release was based on the feedback Foremski published in his blog post, which is now cited in college courses on public relations.
In 2016, Shift Communications was acquired by National Public Relations, a Canadian-based public relations firm.

## Services and operations

Shift Communications provides public relations, content marketing, web development, email marketing and social media marketing services among many other services. Its primary practice areas are for the consumer, technology and healthcare sectors. It refers business for marketing communications in Europe and Asia to its affiliate, The Hoffman Agency. The company is owned by its employees in an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP). Ownership of the company passed to its staff in 2012.

## Notable clients and campaigns

Shift Communications started serving technology clients it inherited from its predecessor, Sterling Hager. During its first year as Shift Communications it organized the Woman's Heart Day Health Fair for the non-profit Sister to Sister: Everyone has a Heart Foundation, in an unusual partnership with its competitor, The Castle Group. It helped the RSA Conference promote new events in 2005 and helped the cycling components manufacturer, Shimano, promote bicycling.
Shift became the agency of record for the travel club, Club Med, in 2009 and helped sleep monitoring device manufacturer, Zeo, promote “sleep wellness”. It started supporting a documents, packaging and mail services provider Pitney Bowes the following year. It became the agency of record for Sony's gaming division in 2010, for The McDonald’s Advertising Cooperative and AOL in 2011 and was recruited to support content marketing for H&R Block in 2012. It also started doing work for Toyota in 2013.
# Old Town Hall, St Just

The Old Town Hall is a former municipal building on Chapel Road in St Just in Penwith, a town in Cornwall, in England. The building, which was in municipal use for much of the 20th century, is now managed as a community venue.

## History

The building was commissioned as a drill hall for the 1st Cornwall (Duke of Cornwall's) Artillery Volunteers, which was raised in Cornwall in response to the threat of a French invasion. It consisted of thirteen Artillery Volunteer Corps and the last numbered of these was the 13th (St Just) Cornwall Artillery Volunteer Corps, which was raised in St Just in Penwith on 26 September 1862.
The drill hall was designed in the Victorian Free style, built in local granite and was completed in late 1862. The design involved a canted main frontage at the southwest corner of the building. The frontage was fenestrated with a Diocletian window on the ground floor and a single casement window on the first floor. Above that, in the swept back section of the gable, there was a small roundel containing three artillery pieces surrounded by olive leaves and surmounted by the number "13", identifying the corps which it accommodated. The design of the Chapel Road frontage involved three bays fenestrated by cross-windows on both floors, while the side elevation of four bays was fenestrated in a similar style but with a doorway in the first bay. It was a substantial two-storey stone building, which has been described by the Drill Hall Project as "of no great architectural merit".
The 13th (St Just) Cornwall Artillery Volunteer Corps formed the guard of honour for a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales to Botallack Mine in 1867. The unit was re-designated No. 10 Battery, Duke of Cornwall Artillery Volunteers in May 1880, but was then absorbed into No. 9 Battery at Marazion in 1883. During the First World War, the building was used as a drill hall for No. 2 Heavy Battery, Cornwall Royal Garrison Artillery – Defended Ports, which was responsible for coastal defence.
Thereafter, the War Office had no further use for the drill hall: it was deemed surplus to requirements and made available for community use, and became the offices and meeting place of St Just Urban District Council. It continued to serve as the local seat of government for much of the 20th century, and, following local government re-organisation in 1974, continued to be used by Penwith District Council as an office for the delivery of local services, and by St Just in Penwith Town Council as their meeting place. However, following the introduction of unitary authorities in 2009, Penwith District Council was abolished and, by 2010, the St Just in Penwith Town Council had relocated to new offices at No.1 Chapel Street, also known as "Bank House". Since then, the old town hall has been managed by St Just Community ABC as a community venue.
# Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves

Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity is a 1975 feminist history book by Sarah B. Pomeroy. The work covers the lives of women in antiquity from the Greek Dark Ages to the death of Constantine the Great. The book was one of the first English works on women's history in any period. It has been used as a textbook in many university-level courses on women in classical antiquity.

## Reception

When the book was first published, reviewers commented that Pomeroy's work was an improvement on previous treatments of women in classical antiquity, such as J. P. V. D. Balsdon's Roman Women, and it was praised for its lack of "polemical bias". Marylin Arthur thought that Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves was "important", and particularly praised the chapter on women in the Hellenistic period as "the high point of her book". However, Daphne Nash criticised Pomeroy's work for its "poor level of historical argumentation" and for Pomeroy refusing to give her own opinion on disputed points. She concluded that Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves ultimately "failed to transcend the limitations of its predecessors".
Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves is now considered to be a turning point in the study of women in ancient history. In 1994, Edith Hall said that it "marked the inauguration of women's studies within classics"; in the same year, Shelley Haley wrote that it "legitimized the study of Greek and Roman women in ancient times". Lin Foxhall, writing about the historiography of gender in classical antiquity, has described Pomeroy's book as "revolutionary", and "a major step forward" compared to existing scholarship on women in the ancient world.
# Fred Lester

Fred Lester may refer to:
* Fred Lester (Australian footballer) (1902–1959), Australian rules footballer
* Fred Lester (footballer, born 1911) (1911–1974), English footballer
* Fred Faulkner Lester (1926–1945), United States Navy hospital corpsman and Medal of Honor recipient
# 2012 Southern 100 Races

The 2012 Southern 100 held between Monday 9 July and Thursday 12 July on the 4.25-mile Billown Circuit near Castletown, Isle of Man.

## Results
### Practice Times
#### Practice Times & Leaderboard Superbike

Monday 9 July 2012 First Practice Session Billown Course
| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| 1 | Guy Martin | Suzuki 1000cc | 108.078 mph | 2:21.520 |
| 2 | Michael Dunlop | Honda 1000cc | 108.066 mph | 2:21.580 |
| 3 | Ryan Farquhar | Kawasaki 1000cc | 106.681 mph | 2:23.418 |
| 4 | Conor Cummins | Suzuki 1000cc | 105.956 mph | 2:24.399 |
| 5 | Russ Mountford | Honda 1000cc | 104.181 mph | 2:26.860 |
| 6 | Ian Lougher | Kawasaki 1000cc | 103.951 mph | 2:27.185 |
| 7 | Davy Morgan | Suzuki 1000cc | 103.871 mph | 2:27.298 |
| 8 | Scott Wilson | BMW 1000cc | 103.093 mph | 2:28.410 |
| 9 | Mark Parrett | BMW 1000cc | 102.472 mph | 2:29.309 |
| 10 | Michael Pearson | Honda 1000cc | 102.363 mph | 2:29.468 |

### Race Results
#### Race 10; 2012 Southern 100 Races Solo Championship final standings

Thursday 12 July 2012 9 laps – 42.50 miles Billown Circuit
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| 1 | Michael Dunlop | Honda 1000cc | 20:36.803 | 111.335 mph |
| 2 | Guy Martin | Suzuki 1000cc | + 5.167 | 110.872 mph |
| 3 | Conor Cummins | Suzuki 1000cc | + 8.800 | 110.549 mph |
| 4 | Ryan Farquhar | Kawasaki 1000cc | + 14.128 | 110.078 mph |
| 5 | Ian Lougher | Kawasaki 1000cc | + 20.831 | 109.491 mph |
| 6 | Dean Harrison | Kawasaki 1000cc | + 25.265 | 109.107 mph |
| 7 | Jamie Hamilton | Kawasaki 1000cc | + 31.417 | 108.577 mph |
| 8 | Lee Vernon | BMW 1000cc | + 34.575 | 108.308 mph |
| 9 | Michael Pearson | Honda 1000cc | + 53.001 | 106.760 mph |
| 10 | Davey Morgan | Suzuki 1000cc | + 53.027 | 106.758 mph |
Fastest Lap and New Course Record: Michael Dunlop, 2' 14.702 113.584 mph on lap 6

## Sources

* ↑ Isle of Man Examiner – Brialtagh Ellan Vannin page 43 Isle of Man Newspapers Ltd (2012) Johnson Press Publishing 9 July 2012
# What a Way to Go (song)

"What a Way to Go" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977 on Playboy Records.
It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy, who released it in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album What a Way to Go. The song reached No. 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February 1991. Kennedy's version featured an altered verse from the original.

## Chart performance
### Bobby Borchers

| Chart (1977) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 18 |

### Ray Kennedy

| Chart (1990-1991) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 8 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 10 |

#### Year-end charts

| Chart (1991) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 91 |
# Lithopythium

Lithopythium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Lithopythium gangliiforme.
# Serde

Serde may refer to:
* Serde, Tibet
* Serialization and deserialization, in computing