OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Germelshausen

Germelshausen is an 1860 short story by Friedrich Gerstäcker.

## Plot

The story concerns a cursed village that sank into the earth long ago and is permitted to appear for only one day every century. The protagonist is a young artist (Arnold) who happens to be traversing the area as the town appears. He encounters, and becomes smitten with, a young woman (Gertrud) from Germelshausen. The romantic tale ends with him leaving the vicinity just in time to avoid becoming entombed with the village and its denizens, but thereby being forever separated from his love.

## Motif

The basic concept is an old German motif that appears in works of Mueller, Heine, Uhland and others. The curse may affect a town, a castle or even a single house, but the narrative content remains largely unchanged.

## Impact

Germelshausen is widely credited as having inspired the musical Brigadoon. However, Lerner denied that he had based the book on an older story, and, in an explanation published in The New York Times, stated that he did not learn of the existence of the Germelshausen story until after he had completed the first draft of Brigadoon. Lerner said that in his subsequent research, he found many other legends of disappearing towns in various countries' folklore, and he pronounced their similarities "unconscious coincidence".
# Four Days (1999 film)

Four Days is a Canadian crime drama film, directed by Curtis Wehrfritz and released in 1999. The film stars Kevin Zegers as Simon, a teenage skateboarder who has been drawn into a bank robbery by his father Milt (William Forsythe). Milt and Simon have arranged to double-cross Milt's partner Fury (Colm Meaney) by having Simon take the money to a secluded cabin, which he does by hitching a ride from Crystal (Lolita Davidovich), a woman on the run from an abusive ex-husband; however, after Milt is shot and killed at the bank, his girlfriend Feather (Anne-Marie Cadieux) tips Fury off to Simon's whereabouts, and Fury begins to pursue them to recover the money.
The supporting cast includes Patrick Goyette, John Dunn-Hill, Armand Laroche, Géraldine Doucet, Johnny Morina, Mario Janelle, Amanda Davis, Andrea Sheldon, Josée Larivière, Philip Pretten, Danielle Desormeaux and Pierre Lenoir, as well as Stephen Reid, himself a former bank robber, in a small role as a security guard at the bank.

## Production and distribution

Written by Pinckney Benedict based on a novel by John Buell, the film was Wehrfritz's narrative directorial debut after working primarily in music video and advertising. It was shot in Quebec in fall 1998.
It premiered at the 1999 Toronto International Film Festival.

## Critical response

Dan Brown of the National Post positively reviewed the film, writing that "there's a botched bank heist, a bag of money for a MacGuffin, a betrayal, a stacked redhead running from a dangerous husband, even a torture scene. And the script -- written by Pinckney Benedict and based on the novel by Montreal writer John Buell -- crackles like the best of them. At one point in Four Days, one character complains that she's tired and lost. "Welcome to the human condition," comes back the world-weary response. To these stock elements Wehrfritz has added his own touches. For starters, he's made the protagonist of the piece a shy 14-year-old boy (Kevin Zegers). He's also globalized the cast (which includes Ontarian Lolita Davidovich, Quebecers Anne-Marie Cadieux and Patrick Goyette, American William Forsythe and Irishman Colm Meaney) and pulled the genre away from its urban roots. Nowhere is it written that the Quebec countryside in autumn is the ideal setting for a film noir, but Wehrfritz makes it work splendidly (it may work so well because the landscape, at that time of year, seems to be both bursting with life and in its death throes at the same time)."
Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail was more negative, writing that "all this has a strained jocularity (there's a visit to a roadside attraction called Santa's Hole), puzzling dialogue ("as clean as a weasel," says Fury), culminating in even less credible fatalism. The script isn't exactly standard B-material, but the overliterate simulacrum of tough-guy talk consistently rings false, and the cast of absurd characters (Crystal? Feather? Fury?) are little more than clumsy constructs."

## Awards

Bobby O'Malley, Dominique Delguste and Réjean Juteau received a Jutra Award nomination for Best Sound at the 2nd Jutra Awards in 2000.
# North Mount Lyell

North Mount Lyell was the name of a mine, mining company, locality (sometimes as North Lyell) and former railway north of Gormanston on the southern slopes of Mount Lyell in the West Coast Range on the West Coast of Tasmania, and on to the ridge between Mount Lyell and Mount Owen.

## North Mount Lyell Copper Company

The company was short-lived, however the mine, orebody and workings lasted long after the company was absorbed into the workings of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company following the failure of the smelters at Crotty.
The stages of building the infrastructure of the mines, the smelters, and port at Kelly Basin were photographed by John Watt Beattie.

## Founder

The company was founded by James Crotty, and was for a few years a fierce competitor with Mount Lyell. Geoffrey Blainey gives a description of the rivalry and final amalgamation in The Peaks of Lyell. As Blainey points out, the North Mount Lyell workings eventually proved vital for the Mount Lyell Company.

## Establishments

During Crotty's establishment of the company and its operations the company had:
* The North Mount Lyell mine on its lease adjacent and east of the Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company leases
* Shipping
* Port and railway terminus at Kelly Basin and Pillinger, Tasmania
* Smelter and town at Crotty, Tasmania at the eastern foot of Mount Jukes and just south of the King River, Tasmania
* Railway terminus at Linda, Tasmania
* Aerial ropeway between North Lyell mine and Linda
* North Mount Lyell Railway

## 1912 disaster

The 1912 North Mount Lyell Disaster is also found in Blainey's work, but for decades later there were divergent and popular accounts from the official reports that followed.

## Locality

The North Lyell locality (at which some of the workers killed in the disaster had addresses) was eventually overtaken by the Mount Lyell mine workings. A rare photo of the locality is in Blainey's book.

## 20th century output

The development of the Mount Lyell mine depended upon the resources of the North Lyell orebody and workings well into the late twentieth century.
# Fimbristylis polytrichoides

Fimbristylis polytrichoides is a species of fimbry known by the common name rusty sedge, native to east Africa, Madagascar, China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Australia. The plant is common along the coast line and estuaries of Australia. The flowers are a distinctive rusty brown color appearing on a single spikelet from May to July.
# Old Downtown of Zemun

The Downtown of Zemun is the name of the historical part of Zemun, located in its central part. Represents ensembles of great importance, and the backbone of the cultural and social development of Zemun.

## History

Since 1717, the army of Eugene of Savoy entered Zemun, which then became part of the Austrian Empire, in whose composition it developed until 1918. Its continued growth and development into a major urban environment can be traced through several stages limited by certain political events. In the first half of the 18th century, in the reconstruction phase, the former village of oriental character with a predominantly Christian population, Zemun re-inhabited and developed in a very subordinate position in relation to Belgrade. This phase was limited by Požarevac and Belgrade Peace. In the second phase, in the second half of the 18th century, gradually growing and forming the core. This phase ends in the Austro-Turkish and the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th and early 19th century. . In the third phase, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, Zemun developed within the framework set by changing the construction or reconstruction fund inherited condition of the First Serbian Uprising to the First World War. The fourth phase, of the First World War up to date, characterize single development in old core of Zemun, who ceases to be a discrete place.

## Urban development

The existing urban agglomeration and architectural construction funds in the Old Downtown of Zemun are themselves sources for the particular study and research on the development of methods of organizing and formation of the settlement, the construction of the buildings, the use of construction materials, municipal development, shaping the building, functional and content-feature architecture and spatial organization in general life. Architectural heritage which we mean the total physical fund of spatial embodiments, the source and for the study of differentiation and social infrastructure certain period of growth, social possibilities, regional, ethnic and religious specificity, the taste of the epoch, and many other forms of life. That study could be carried out by analyzing the material remains or ensembles created and saved most of the early 18th century to today. In original condition, many buildings are fully preserved especially in the second half of the 19th century, while a smaller number of houses from the earliest period, from the time of the first decades of the 18th century, when the Zemun became part of the Austrian Empire, preserved in its original conditions and shape only partially. Chronology of the formation can also be partly determined by analyzes of structures, based on existing records on them, the material used and the way of construction, type and style analysis. Oral traditions of residents whose families from one generation to another inhabit the existing buildings, preserved items and inventory in houses, expanding the sources of the researches. Generally, the old downtown of Zemun is a basic source particularly for architectural and artistic-historical research methods.
# Eucalyptus gypsophila

Eucalyptus gypsophila, also known as the kopi mallee, is a species of mallee that is native to Western Australia and South Australia. It has rough, flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth light grey bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds mostly in groups of between seven and eleven, creamy white flowers and conical to cylindrical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus gypsophila is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 3 to 6 metres (10 to 20 ft) and has persistent rough bark toward the base of the trunk, smooth light grey over pinkish grey to coppery cream coloured bark above. Young plants and coppice regrowth have slightly glaucous, egg-shaped to more or less round leaves that are 30–55 mm (1.2–2.2 in) long and 25–45 mm (0.98–1.77 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same dull blue-grey to grey-green on both sides, lance-shaped, 90–130 mm (3.5–5.1 in) long and 18–25 mm (0.71–0.98 in)) wide with the base tapering to a petiole 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils, usually in groups of seven, nine or eleven on a peduncle 5–20 mm (0.20–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 8–14 mm (0.31–0.55 in) long and 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum that has radiating striations. Flowering occurs between July and December and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody, conical to cylindrical capsule 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long and 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) wide with the valves near rim level.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus gypsophila was first formally described in 1997 by the botanist Dean Nicolle in the journal Nuytsia. The specific epithet (gypsophila) is from the Greek gypsos meaning 'gypsum' and philos , 'loving', referring to this species commonly occurring on gypsum sand dunes around dry lakes.
This species was previously included in E. striaticalyx but that species is a tree.
Eucalyptus infracorticata is listed as a synonym of E. gypsophila at Plants of the World Online, but is an accepted species at the Australian Plant Census.
This mallee belongs in subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Dumaria, to a large sub-group, series Rufispermae, composed of 37 described species and subspecies including E. kondininensis, E. striaticalyx and E. repullulans.

## Distribution

Kopi mallee is widespread in the Great Victoria Desert, from east of Laverton in Western Australia to the western edge of the Gawler Ranges in South Australia. Over most of its range it grows on red sand over limestone, often near salt lakes or dry lakes.
# Scherr

Scherr may refer to;

## Surname

* Adam Scherr (ring name Braun Strowman; born 1983), American strongman and professional wrestler
* Allan L. Scherr (born 1940), American computer scientist
* Johannes Scherr (1817–1886), German writer
* Mary Ann Scherr (1921–2016), American designer and educator
* Rachel Scherr, American physicist
* Tony Scherr, American jazz musician
* Uwe Scherr (born 1966), retired German football player
* Bill Scherr (born 1961), American olympic wrestler

## Other uses

* Scherr, West Virginia, U.S.
* Scherr Formation, a bedrock formation covering several U.S. states
# Offler

Offler is a surname. It can refer to:

## People

* H. S. Offler, English historian and editor
* William H. Offler, owner of Crystal Pool (Seattle) since 1944
* Constance Williamina Offler, winner of the Australian 2002 Queen's Birthday Honours Medal for service to visual arts and the promotion of art in society
* Pte. J. W. Offler, Royal Sussex Regiment, awarded 1916 Birthday Honours medal by King George V

## Literature

* A crocodile-headed deity of Klatch, a continent from Terry Pratchett's Discworld series of novels
# Pauline Tompkins

Pauline "Polly" Tompkins (March 5, 1918 – November 19, 2004) was the first female president of Cedar Crest College in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

## Early life and education

Tompkins was born in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. She graduated from Pine Manor College in 1938 and Mount Holyoke College in 1941 with Phi Beta Kappa honors. She received her Ph.D. from Tufts University in 1948.

## Career

Tompkins was general director of the American Association of University Women from 1959 to 1967. She was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to the nine-member United States Advisory Commission on International Education and Cultural Affairs in 1964. She was chairman of the board of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching from 1974 to 1976.
Tompkins died in 2004 in Edgecomb, Maine, aged 86 years.

## Published works

* Pauline Tompkins (1949). American-Russian Relations in the Far East. Macmillan.
# Germenay

Germenay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

## Demographics

On 1 January 2019, the estimated population was 129.
# Fourteen at the Table

Fourteen at the Table (Czech:Čtrnáctý u stolu) is a 1943 Czechoslovak crime comedy film directed by Oldřich Nový and Antonín Zelenka and starring Karel Höger, Ludvík Veverka and Helena Friedlová.
It was made in German-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The screenplay was based on a story by the retired German silent film actress Ossi Oswalda. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jan Zázvorka.

## Plot

13 guests meet at the home of Mayor Bartoš. They are disturbed by the number, so they hope and wait for another guest to appear. A 14th guest does arrive, with the coincidental surname of Čtrnáctý ("Fourteenth"). Young man Pavel Čtrnáctý is attracted to the mayor's daughter, Ema. He cannot resist and kisses her. The girl suddenly becomes the subject of gossip.

## Cast

* Karel Höger as Pavel Čtrnáctý
* Ludvík Veverka as Bartos
* Helena Friedlová as Bartosová
* Dagmar Frýbortová as Ema
* Vladimír Majer as Dr. Viktorin
* Karel Dostal as Bersecký
* Růžena Šlemrová as Bersecká
* Libuše Zemková as Lydie
* Raoul Schránil as Alexy
* Jiřina Petrovická as Bibi
* Ella Nollová as Hedvika, grandmother
* Zvonimir Rogoz as Linhart
* František Filipovský as Kilián
# Vernon Bigman

Vernon Bigman is a Navajo artist known for his abstract painting. Bigman's work is housed in the permanent collections at the National Museum of the American Indian and San Francisco Art Institute. As of 2019, Bigman is a library worker for the Pratt Institute.

## Education

Bigman was born in 1958 and completed his Bachelors in Fine Arts from the San Francisco Art Institute. He also completed a Masters in Fine Arts from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York and received schooling at the Institute of American Indian Arts.

## Select artworks
### Dreamsnake series

The Dreamsnake series is a collection of five oil paintings on canvas:
* Dream Snakes and Holy Mountain
* Dream Snakes @ The Start of Ying and Yang
* Dream Snakes and The Dreaming Grass
* Dream Dance Kali
* Black Dreams

### Other artwork

* Head of Wheel (Canvas, Oil Paint), made 1987, at National Museum of the American Indian

## Select exhibitions

* 2020 Revelation Gallery, New York, NY
* 2009 Nathan Cumming Foundation New York, NY
* 2008 New York Public Library, Tompkins Square Gallery, New York, NY
* 2005 Graduate studios, San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, CA
* 2005 New York Public Library Tompkins Square Gallery, New York, NY
* 1990 CommuniCations: Public Mirror: Artists Against Racial Prejudice, Museum of Modern Art, Manhattan, New York, NY

## Awards

Bigman was awarded an honorable mention in the 2007 SirsiDynix photography calendar competition.
# Marianne de Trey

Marianne de Trey CBE (3 November 1913 – 18 October 2016) was a pioneering British studio potter whose work had a significant impact on the craft's post World War II revival.

## Biography

De Trey was born in London to Swiss parents, Emma (née Lehmann) and Auguste de Trey, who distributed false teeth for an American supplier. After boarding school, she studied textiles at the Royal College of Art London where she graduated in 1936. On 11 February 1938 she married artist Thomas Samuel Haile. The couple traveled to the US in 1939 due to Haile's anti-war beliefs, and there de Trey gained a passion for pottery. However, in 1943, he was forced to join the US Army until the end of World War II. The couple returned to England in 1945, and Haile died in a road accident in 1948 while de Trey was pregnant. Their daughter was born later that year.
De Trey and two of her sisters started producing pottery at Dartington, in Devon, and by 1950 she was employing three people, she would go on to run her pottery company, Shinner's Bridge Pottery for over 30 years. She was a founder member of the Devon Guild of Craftsmen and Craft Potters Association.
When her pottery studio burned down due in 1957 to an electrical fault, de Trey changed her focus from earthenware to stoneware. In 1976, she established a training workshop adjacent to her pottery. She retired from production work in 1980, and changed focus to individual work. She was made a CBE for services to the arts in the 2006 New Year Honours.
De Trey died on 18 October 2016 and according to her obituary in the Guardian, her work had a significant impact on the craft's post World War II revival.

## Collections

* Victoria and Albert Museum
* Aberystwyth University Ceramics Collection
# Old Parsonage

Old Parsonage is a historic church parsonage on Buckwheat Bridge Road in Clermont, Columbia County, New York. It was constructed in 1867 and is a two-story, three bay frame residence with a jerkinhead metal roof. It features a decorative sawn bargeboard in a picturesque cottage style. Also on the property are a garage and small well house.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# Eucalyptus halophila

Eucalyptus halophila, also known as salt lake mallee, is a species of mallee or a shrub, that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth white and grey bark, sometimes rough and fibrous on the lower trunk, linear to narrow elliptic adult leaves, flower buds usually in grows of seven, white flowers and shortened spherical to barrel-shaped fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus halophila is a shrub or mallee that typically grows to a height of 1 to 4 metres (3 to 13 ft), sometime to 7 m (23 ft), or a shrub up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall, and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white and pale grey bark, sometimes with fibrous bark on the lower half of its stems. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves that are linear, 40–85 mm (1.6–3.3 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide. Adult leaves are linear to narrow elliptic, the same dull green colour on both sides, 50–80 mm (2.0–3.1 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) wide on a petiole 3–9 mm (0.12–0.35 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, sometimes three, on an unbranched peduncle 5–13 mm (0.20–0.51 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. Mature buds are pear-shaped, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from January to May and the flowers are creamy white. The fruit is a woody, shortened spherical or barrel-shaped fruit that is 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with the valves enclosed below rim level.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus halophila was first formally described in 1980 by Denis and Maisie Carr from a specimen Maisie collected with Alex George near a small salt pan near Dalyup. The description was published in the journal Nuytsia. The specific epithet (halophila) is derived from ancient Greek word meaning "salt" with the ending -philus meaning "loving", referring to the habitat of this species.

## Distribution and habitat

Salt lake mallee grows in sandy clay soils on flat areas in shrubland adjacent to salt lakes. It is only known from the catchment of the Dalyup River between Dalyup and Mount Ney near Esperance in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions.

## Conservation status

Eucalyptus halophila is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

The plant is available commercially in seed form or as tubestock and is grown as an ornamental or low shelter plant. It is tolerant of frost, salt and drought and has a moderately fast growth rate.