OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sodium/bile acid cotransporter

Sodium/bile acid cotransporter also known as the Na$^+$-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) or liver bile acid transporter (LBAT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC10A1 (solute carrier family 10 member 1) gene.

## Structure

Sodium/bile acid cotransporters are integral membrane glycoproteins. Human NTCP contains 349 amino acids and has a mass of 56 kDa.

## Function

Bile acid:sodium symporters participate in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Two homologous transporters are involved in the reabsorption of bile acids. One of these absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen, the bile duct, and the kidney with an apical localization (ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter). The other is this protein and is expressed in the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes (NTCP).
As a cotransporter, NTCP binds two sodium ions and one (conjugated) bile salt molecule, thereby providing a hepatic influx of bile salts. Other transported molecules include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and various xenobiotics:

### Hepatitis virus entry

NTCP is a cell surface receptor necessary for the entry of hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus. This entry mechanism is inhibited by myrcludex B, cyclosporin A, progesterone, propranolol, bosentan, ezetimibe, bexarotene as well as NTCP substrates like taurocholate, tauroursodeoxycholate and bromosulfophthalein.

### SLC10A1-deficiency

Individuals that lack functional NTCP have been identified. These individuals display highly elevated bile salt levels in plasma, but without a clear phenotype. In areas of the world with a high prevalence of HBV, there are multiple individuals who carry the NTCP p.S267F polymorphism on both alleles; this makes NTCP inactive as a bile acid transporter, but provides protection against HBV infection.
NTCP-deficient mice have also been created. These mice have reduced hepatic bile salt uptake but plasma bile salt levels are less clearly elevated, as the rodent-specific OATP1a/1b transporters provide can partially replace the function of NTCP. Nevertheless, this NTCP-knockout animal model pointed to possible additional (non-HBV) aspects of NTCP-deficiency. NTCP-deficient mice are partially protected against the problems associated with a high-calorie diet, including excessive weight gain and to liver damage in cholestasis. These effects of NTCP deficiency have not yet been replicated in humans.
# Gérard Raulet

Gérard Raulet (born 9 August 1949) is a French philosopher, Germanist, and translator, specializing primarily in the thought of Herbert Marcuse and Ernst Bloch. He is a professor emeritus of German History and Thought at the Paris-Sorbonne University.

## Early life and education

Raulet was born 9 August 1949 in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine. Raulet studied at Saint-Cloud École Normale Superieure, graduating in 1969. Raulet then qualified as a German instructor in 1973, earned his PhD in 1981, and doctorat d'État in 1985.

## Career

A prolific author, Raulet has devoted several works to German philosophers such as Walter Benjamin, Max Scheler, Karl Marx. He is also the author of publications on the culture of Weimar and German political philosophy. He is the translator of the article by Jürgen Habermas called "The Enlightenment, an unfinished project" in response to the postmodernist criticism, on which Raulet himself worked.
Between 1975 and 1987, Raulet was first an instructor and then assistant professor at the Paris-Sorbonne University before joining the university of University of Rennes 2 as a professor in 1987. He then taught at the university of Paris-XII before joining the École normale supérieure de Lyon in 1997. Raulet taught at the École normale supérieure de Lyon until 2003, after which he rejoined the Paris-Sorbonne University where is currently a professor emeritus. From 1981 to 1999, he also oversaw the Weimar Cultural Study Group at the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme [fr] in Paris.

### Herbert Marcuse

Raulet has written extensively on the subject of the Frankfurt School, with specific attention to Herbert Marcuse, the subject of his Herbert Marcuse: Philosophie de l'emancipation published in 1992. Raulet argues that the notion of emancipation is central to Marcuse's philosophy, as Marcuse sought to develop a third position between conceptions of utopian emancipation in Soviet Marxism and those of human nature latent in American capitalism. Philosopher Joseph Bien regarded the text as one of the most important works on Marcuse published in the late twentieth century, and Raulet as "one of France's more important, younger, social philosophers."
# Gérard Raymond

Gérard Raymond (b. 1912 – 5 July 1932) was a young Catholic diocesan seminarian who died in 1932 at the age of 19. He is titled a Servant of God and, as of 2023, his cause for sainthood was underway.

## Life

Gérard Raymond was the son of Camille Raymond and Josephine Poitras. He entered the Petit Seminaire de Quebec at the age of 12 in the hopes of becoming a diocesan priest however he later aspired to become a Franciscan missionary in Africa and dreamed of dying as a martyr.
Raymond was a pious young man and diligent student who devoted many hours each day to his daily duties of study and prayer, following a strict regimen which he designed for himself. He frequently attained the highest grades in his class. In some sources, in terms of personality, he was described as being cheerful albeit socially awkward.
He developed a devotion to Saint Therese and Saint Gemma Galgani, frequently invoking them in his journal entries. He read The Story of a Soul which inspired him and he implemented the spiritual teaching of St. Therese in his daily life.
He was hospitalized in 1932 with pulmonary tuberculosis and died after an intense and short stay at the Laval Hospital in Quebec.
Raymond's sanctity went unnoticed until after his death, when his journal was discovered among his effects. His journal entries revealed his faith and zeal for holiness. In total, his spiritual journal had eight notebooks which contained insights into his thoughts, feelings, struggles and activities in the pursuit of sanctity. Segments of this journal were taken and published following his death.
# HD 173791

HD 173791 (HR 7065) is a solitary yellow hued star located in the southern constellation Telescopium. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.80, allowing it to be viewed with the naked eye under suitable viewing conditions. Parallax measurements place the object at a distance of 364 light years , and it is currently receding from the Solar System with a heliocentric radial velocity of 9.7 km/s.
This is a red giant with a stellar classification of G8 III. It is currently on the cool end of the horizontal branch, fusing helium at its core. At present it has 1.31 times the mass of the Sun but has expanded to 10.3 times its girth. It radiates at 63.6 L$_☉$ from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,093 K. HD 173791 is metal deficient–with a metallicity only 37% that of the Sun; it spins modestly with a projected rotational velocity of 2.7 km/s.
# Sneijder

Sneijder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jeffrey Sneijder (born 1982), Dutch footballer
* Rodney Sneijder (born 1991), Dutch footballer
* Wesley Sneijder (born 1984), Dutch footballer
# HKIS

HKIS may refer to:
* The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors
* Hong Kong International School
* Ichthyological Society of Hong Kong
* Isiolo Airport, in Kenya
# HKFS

HKFS may refer to:
* Hong Kong Federation of Students, a student organisation by the student unions of four higher education institutions in Hong Kong
* Hong Kong Flower Show, an annual exhibition presented by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of Hong Kong
# Pervenche Berès

Pervenche Berès (born 10 March 1957 in Paris) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Île-de-France until 2019. She is a member of the Socialist Party, part of the Party of European Socialists.

## Political career

On 28 July 2004, Berès was elected Chair of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. She was the rapporteur of the Special Committee on the Financial, Economic and Social Crisis (CRIS).
Ahead of the Socialist Party's 2008 convention in Reims, Berès publicly endorsed Martine Aubry as candidate to succeed François Hollande at the party's leadership.

## Personal life

In 1995, Berès survived a near fatal traffic accident but lost half of her face, which was reconstructed by plastic surgery.

## Later career

In 2022, Berès was appointed by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank as a member of both the organizations’s Ethics Committee and the Audit Committee for a three-year term.
# Perveni

Perveni is a village is gram panchayat in Reni Tehsil in Alwar District of Rajasthan, India. It belongs to Jaipur Division. It is located 64 km towards North from District headquarters Alwar and 149 km from State capital Jaipur.

## Transport
### Road

There is only a single bus service from Alwar to perveni and perveni to Alwar.

## Education

* Govt. School
* Govt. ITI college
* This article related to a location in Rajasthan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Sofiko Chiaureli

Sophia Chiaureli (Georgian: სოფიკო ჭიაურელი; 21 May 1937 – 2 March 2008), professionally known as Sofiko Chiaureli, was a Soviet Georgian actress. Thought to be the muse of filmmaker Sergei Parajanov, she played a significant role in the 20th century Georgian theater and was associated with the country's two most prominent theaters, the Rustaveli Theatre (1964–1968) and Marjanishvili Theatre (1960–1964, 1968–2008).

## Biography

Sofiko Chiaureli was born in Tbilisi. Her parents were the film director Mikheil Chiaureli and the actress Veriko Anjaparidze. She graduated from the All-Russian Institute of Cinematography in Moscow and moved back to Tbilisi. In 1975 she was a member of the jury at the 9th Moscow International Film Festival.

## Personal life

Family:
* Daughter of Mikheil Chiaureli (Georgian film director) and Veriko Anjaparidze (Georgian actress).
* Cousin of Georgi Daneliya (Georgian and Russian film director)
* Former sister-in-law of Eldar Shengelaya.
* Mother of Nikoloz Shengelaya.
Married to:
* Giorgi Shengelaya (divorced) 2 children;
* Kote Makharadze (until 19 December 2002) (his death).

## Filmography

* Khevsurian Ballad (Хевсурская баллада, 1966) as Mzeqala
* Sayat Nova (Цвет граната, 1968) as young poet / poet's love / poet's muse / mime / angel / crazy nun
* Don't Grieve (Не горюй!, 1969) as Sofiko
* Natvris khe (Древо желания, 1976) as Pupala
* Einige Interviews zu persönlichen Fragen (რამდენიმე ინტერვიუ პირად საკითხებზე, 1979) as Sofiko
* Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (Приключения Али-Бабы и сорока разбойников, 1979) as Zamira, mother of Ali Baba
* A Piece of Sky (1980) as Turvanda
* Look for a Woman (Ищите женщину, 1983) as Alisa Postic
* Vacation of Petrov and Vasechkin, Usual and Incredible (Каникулы Петрова и Васечкина, обыкновенные и невероятные, 1984) as grandmother of Manana
* The Legend of Suram Fortress (Легенда о Сурамской крепости, 1985) as Old Vardo
* Million in the wedding basket (Миллион в брачной корзине, 1985) as Valeria
* Ashug-Karibi (Ашик-Кериб, 1988) as Mom
* Artists cuts („ხელოვანთა კადრებიდან“, 2005) film by Shota Kalandadze

## Honors

* People's Artist of Georgia (1976);
* People's Artist of Armenia (1979);
* Best Actress Award at The All-Union Film Festival (1966, 1972, 1974);
* Best Actress Award at the Locarno International Film Festival (1965);
* USSR State Prize (1980).
# Fort Grahame Water Aerodrome

Fort Grahame Water Aerodrome (TC LID: CAU9) was located adjacent to Fort Grahame, British Columbia, Canada. It served as an important hub for social events involving US and Canada politicians, including a descendant of William Howard Taft.
# Forest Land Enhancement Program

The Forestland Enhancement Program (FLEP) was adopted in the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171, Sec. 8002) as an amendment to the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-313; 16 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.). FLEP replaces the Stewardship Incentives Program (SIP) and the Forestry Incentives Program (FIP). FLEP is optional in each state and is a voluntary program for non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners. It provides for technical, educational, and cost-share assistance to promote sustainability of the NIPF forests. The law provided FLEP with $100 million from the CCC through FY07. Half of these funds were diverted to wildfire control in 2003, and $40 million of those funds have not been replenished and the spending authority has been cancelled.
# Peter M. Douglas

Peter M. Douglas (August 22, 1942 – April 1, 2012) was an environmental activist, UCLA law graduate, and principal author of Proposition 20, an initiative in 1972 that created the California Coastal Commission. He served as its Executive Director for 26 years. He was also co-author of the 1976 Coastal Act.

## Early life

Douglas was born Peter Michael Ehlers in Berlin on August 22, 1942. At the age of two his family's home was destroyed by Allied planes during the bombing of Berlin. After WWII he immigrated to the United States in 1950 with his mother and sister, and changed his last name upon becoming an American citizen. His grandmother was harpsichordist Alice Ehlers.
As a young man he enjoyed surfing off Redondo Beach and camping in the desert and mountains of Southern California.
He studied in California and Germany. He earned an undergraduate degree in psychology and a graduate degree in law at UCLA, where he focused on antiwar and social justice movements and co-founded a law collective. He also studied abroad for one year in Germany. After completing his law degree in 1969, he and his German-born wife, Rotraut, then moved abroad for a few years. He was not yet focused on environmentalism.

## Career

He returned to the U.S. in 1971 and accepted a job in Sacramento on the staff of then-Assemblyman Alan Sieroty, a Democrat from Los Angeles, who put him in charge of writing laws protecting the state's coastline.
He was the main author of laws Proposition 20 in 1972 and the 1976 Coastal Act, which created and made permanent the California Coastal Commission. Later for 26 years he was executive director of the Commission, the regulatory agency he helped create.
He fought the development of homes, industry, and infrastructure in California. He considered among the Commission’s most significant achievements defeating a proposed toll road skirting San Onofre State Beach, a liquefied natural gas terminal off the Ventura County coast and the development of Hearst Ranch. He considered the decision to allow housing subdivisions along the Bolsa Chica wetlands one of its worst failures. Douglas's work helped keep one of the world’s most beautiful coastlines largely undeveloped.
In 2006, two years after recovering from Stage 4 cancer, Douglas told the New York Times he set a match to a pile of dead leaves he had poured gasoline onto, igniting an explosion that sent him flying. He recovered from the serious burns that resulted. One of his most lasting statements about the coast is. "The coast is never saved, it is always being saved."

## Death

Douglas died of lung and throat cancer on April 1, 2012 at the home of his sister in La Quinta, California.
# H. Dormer Legge

Major Harold Dormer Legge TD (21 October 1890 – 1982[citation needed]) was a British Army officer and philatelist specialising in the stamps of Australia.
Born in Ringmer, Sussex, he was the eldest child and only son of William Heneage Legge, a doctor, and Alice Mary Fawcus. He had four younger sisters. Legge was educated at Hurstpierpoint College and married Grace Emma La Trobe (1889–1976).
On 11 February 1915, Legge was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant. On 6 February 1926, Legge, a Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force, transferred to the 19th London Regiment. He rose to the rank of Major.

## Philately

In 1948, Legge published the first definitive study of the Australian Kangaroo and Map stamps, issued from 1913 to 1945, which is still studied today. He also published other works on Australian stamps.

## Publications

* The Kangaroo Issues of the stamps of the Commonwealth of Australia. Melbourne: Orlo Smith & Co., 1948.
* Commonwealth of Australia. The Line engraved issues of 1914, – and the essays, die and plate proofs of the Georgian 1d. Melbourne: Orlo Smith & Co., 1950.
* The 1913 Penny Kangaroo of Australia. London: Stanley Gibbons, 1979.
# HMS Abigail

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Abigail:
* HMS Abigail (1666) was a 4-gun fireship purchased in 1666 and expended later that year.
* HMS Abigail (1812) was a 3-gun cutter captured from the Danish by HMS Hamadryad in 1812 and sold in 1814.
# HMS Acacia

Two vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Acacia.
* HMS Acacia (1915), an Acacia-class sloop launched in 1915 and sold in 1922.
* HMS Acacia (T02), a Tree-class trawler launched in 1940 and sold in 1946.
# Forfun

Forfun was a Brazilian alternative rock band which reached the peak of its popularity in the mid- to late 2000s. Formed in Rio de Janeiro in 2001, their initial line-up comprised vocalist/guitarist Danilo Cutrim, bassist Vítor Isensee and drummer Bruno Tizé. By 2002, Tizé left the band and was replaced by Nicholas Christ, while Isensee switched his position with Rodrigo Costa to become second guitarist. Their first shows were frequently attended by the sons of then-Deputy (and future President) Jair Bolsonaro, Eduardo and Carlos, who were personal friends of the bandmembers; Eduardo would later cameo in the music video for "História de Verão". They released in 2003 the demo album Das Pistas de Skate às Pistas de Dança, which was a significant underground hit, and in 2005 their official debut, Teoria Dinâmica Gastativa, produced by Liminha, came out through Universal Music Group.
Following the release of Polisenso (2008) and Alegria Compartilhada (2011), which counted with guest appearances by rapper Black Alien and big band Funk Como Le Gusta, the group reached further proeminence due to their nominations to the MTV Video Music Brazil award in 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2012; in the 2005 edition, they performed a cover of Ultraje a Rigor's "Nós Vamos Invadir Sua Praia" alongside Leela, Ramirez and Dibob, with whom they would develop a strong friendship. In 2012 they collaborated on the song "Rio Porque Tô no Rio", described as an ode to Rio de Janeiro.
In 2007, they collaborated on the eighth album by Santos-based band Charlie Brown Jr., Ritmo, Ritual e Responsa, co-writing and performing the track "O Universo a Nosso Favor". On February 13 and 14 of the same year, they participated in a show organized by MTV Brasil alongside Fresno, Hateen, Moptop and NX Zero; a live album of the performance would be released soon after, titled MTV ao Vivo: 5 Bandas de Rock.
In 2013, they released the DVD Forfun ao Vivo no Circo Voador, recorded on December 20, 2012, and which counted with guest appearances by their friends from Dibob, Toni Garrido of Cidade Negra and Dead Fish vocalist Rodrigo Lima. The DVD contains three studio tracks recorded as extras: "Ahorita", "Malícia" and "Terra de Cego".
Their final studio album, Nu, came out in 2014. The following year they announced they would be ceasing their activities; Rodrigo Costa would elaborate in a 2019 interview that the major reason of the band's end was that he was veering from their initial "left-wing ideals", causing a rift between him and his colleagues. In 2016, Cutrim, Isensee and Christ formed a new project, Braza, and alongside former members of Dibob and Ramirez, Costa founded the group Tivoli.
In 2022, they released the DVD Forfun ao Vivo na Fundição, originally recorded on December 12, 2015, at the last show of their farewell tour.

## Discography

* (2003) Das Pistas de Skate às Pistas de Dança (demo)
* (2005) Teoria Dinâmica Gastativa
* (2008) Polisenso
* (2011) Alegria Compartilhada
* (2013) Forfun ao Vivo no Circo Voador (also available in DVD)
* (2014) Nu
* (2022) Forfun ao Vivo na Fundição (also available in DVD; recorded in 2015)
# HKTDC Education & Careers Expo

HKTDC Education & Careers Expo is a platform organized by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) which brings together bringing employers in contact with potential employees, and educators and professional bodies in contact with those looking to improve their skills and knowledge or to attain a professional qualification. The four-day-long fair is opened every year in the beginning of February at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. In 2021, the event is postponed to take place in July.
The 2009 expo welcomed 514 exhibitors, including educational institutes – from outside as well as within Hong Kong – together with public and private sector employers. Participants came from far and wide, with exhibitors from 14 countries and regions: Australia, Canada, the Chinese mainland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Macau, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, the UK and the US.

## History

Inception Year: 1990

## Major Exhibit Categories

Education • Colleges & Polytechnics • Universities • School for Continue Education • Vocational Training • Language Schools • Outside Hong Kong Educational Institutions Careers • Government Departments • Semi-government Organisations • Professional Associations • Private Enterprises Books, Stationery, Educational Supplies • Book Publishers / Book Stores • Learning Aids / Educational Equipment
# Fort Snelling (disambiguation)

Fort Snelling is a historic military fortification the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Fort Snelling may also refer to:

## Places

* Fort Snelling (unorganized territory), Minnesota
* Fort Snelling National Cemetery
* Fort Snelling State Park
* Fort Snelling station

## Ships

* USS Fort Snelling, several ships of the United States Navy
# Softlab

Softlab GmbH was a software development and information technology consulting company who developed and deployed a software application called Maestro I, which was the first integrated development environment in the history of computing. Founded in Munich, Germany, in 1971, Softlab became a part of the BMW Group in 1992. In 2008, BMW merged Softlab and some subsidiary companies of Softlab Group into a new company named Cirquent.
# HMAS Tarakan (L3017)

HMAS Tarakan (L3017) was a Mark III Tank Landing Ship, or LST(3), that served in the Royal Navy (RN) during 1945 and 1946 and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from 1946 until 1954.

## History

The ship was laid down on 7 April 1944 for the RN by R. and W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company at Hebburn-on-Tyne in England, launched on 28 November 1944 as LST 3017, and completed at Hendon Dockyard in Sutherland. She was commissioned into the RN on 9 June 1945.
The ship was one of six LSTs loaned to the RAN, commissioning on 4 July 1946. She was named Tarakan on 16 December 1948, and served in Australian and New Guinea waters as a general purpose vessel, but was mainly used for dumping condemned ammunition at sea. On 21 November 1947 nine soldiers were injured during an ammunition dumping operation when a box of fuses exploded while the ship was 20 miles (32 km) off the Sydney Heads.
On 25 January 1950, Tarakan was berthed alongside HMAS Kuttabul naval base at Garden Island in Sydney, making good defects prior to departure for New Guinea, when an explosion occurred aft under the mess decks. The explosion killed seven sailors and one dockyard tradesman, and injured twelve sailors and a second tradesman. The ship was extensively damaged. Tarakan's captain and executive officer were subsequently court martialed for negligence during March 1950, and were found not guilty. In April that year the coroner ruled that the explosion was accidental, and most likely caused by an electric arc from a fan in a compartment of the ship which had filled with petrol fumes.
Tarakan never returned to seagoing service following the incident in 1950. She was sold for breaking up on 12 March 1954. The ship caught fire again while she was being scrapped in the Sydney suburb of Balmain during September 1954, but damage was minimal and there were no serious injuries.