OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghostwriter (hacker group)

Ghostwriter, also known as UNC1151 and Storm-0257 by Microsoft, is a hacker group allegedly originating from Belarus. According to the cybersecurity firm Mandiant, the group has spread disinformation critical of NATO since at least 2016.

## History

The name Ghostwriter comes from the group's first attacks, whereby they would steal credentials of journalists or publishers and publish fake articles using those credentials. Hence, the group effectively became unwanted ghostwriters for those with stolen credentials. UNC1151 is an internal company name by Mandiant given to uncategorized groups of "cyber intrusion activity."
The European Union has blamed this group for hacking German government officials.
EU's foreign policy chef Josep Borrell has threatened Russia for sanctions.
According to Serhiy Demedyuk, deputy secretary of the national security and defense council of Ukraine, the group was responsible for defacement of Ukrainian government websites in January 2022.
In February 2022 The Register reported that a Ukrainian CERT had announced that the group was targeting "private ‘i.ua’ and ‘meta.ua’ [email] accounts of Ukrainian military personnel and related individuals" as part of a phishing attack during the invasion of Ukraine. Mandiant said that two domains mentioned by the CERT, i[.]ua-passport[.]space and id[.]bigmir[.]space were known command and control domains of the group. Mandiant also said "We are able to tie the infrastructure reported by CERT.UA to UNC1151, but have not seen the phishing messages directly. However, UNC1151 has targeted Ukraine and especially its military extensively over the past two years, so this activity matches their historical pattern."

## Characteristics and techniques

The group has executed spear-phishing campaigns against members of legitimate press to infiltrate the content management systems of those organizations. Then, the group uses the system to publish their own fake stories.
# When the Twerms Came

"When the Twerms Came" is a short story by British author Arthur C. Clarke that was first published in Playboy magazine, alongside illustrations by Skip Williamson. It deals with an invasion of Earth one wet Tuesday afternoon by deadly Twerms.

## Synopsis

Fleeing from their mortal enemy the Mucoids, the Twerms are desperate to find a new place to live. They discover Earth and study its peoples, discovering their weak points. The Twerms choose not to focus their initial attack on centers of military power, instead choosing to send a small portion to attack a heavily populated city on a Tuesday afternoon. They unleash various weapons that cause psychedelics, severe itching, diarrhea, or tumescence onto the population, but only result in a small number of deaths, mostly heart related. The rest of the fleet attack Geneva, Basel, and Bern and learn the identities of every single owner of a Swiss bank account. The Twerms send the owners threatening letters, resulting in the successful conquering of the Earth.

## Release

"When the Twerms Came" was first published in the May 1972 edition of Playboy magazine, where it was accompanied by a comic strip drawn by Skip Williamson. Five years later in 1977 it was published in book form in The View from Serendip. It has subsequently been published in The Wind from the Sun and the More Than One Universe collections. The short story has been translated to French.

## Themes

"When the Twerms Came" deals with the theme of alien invasion, a scenario that per Gary Westfahl is not common in Clarke's works.

## Reception

The story has been described as "lighthearted". In an obituary for Williamson, Richard Sandomir of the New York Times described the story as a "silly, preposterous visual tableau, with one Twerm munching on a hot dog and another watching "The Mod Squad"."
# Field flattener lens

Field flattener lens is a type of lens used in modern binocular designs and in astronomic telescopes to improve edge sharpness. Field flattener lenses counteract the Petzval field curvature of an optical system, mitigating the field-angle dependence of the focal length of a system.

## Details

The object in designing a field flattening lens is to create a lens that shifts the focal points of the Petzval surface to lie in the same plane. Consider inserting a pane of glass in a focusing beam. Due to refraction, the focal point of the beam is shifted by $\delta _{x}$ dependent on the thickness of the glass. Thus we have a thickness as a function of focal shift:
    $t(\delta _{x})=\left({\frac {n}{n-1}}\right)\delta _{x}$.
$\delta _{x}(y)$ is given by the radius of curvature of the Petzval surface, $R_{p}$. It can be shown, then, that the radius of curvature for the lens that would flatten out the field is given by
    $R_{f}=\left({\frac {n-1}{n}}\right)R_{p}.$

## Examples of use

In the 21st century, the New Horizons spacecraft, which was an unmanned space probe sent past Pluto and the Kuiper belt, had a telescope instrument called the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager. LORRI was a reflecting telescope but incorporated a field-flattening lens, with three elements.
# Oonga

Ooonga may refer to:
* Oonga (film), an Indian film
* Oonga, Estonia, a village
* Motu Oonga, an island in Kiribati
# Emoia pseudopallidiceps

The arboreal emo skink (Emoia pseudopallidiceps) is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Hale County Airport

Hale County Airport (IATA: PVW, ICAO: KPVW, FAA LID: PVW) is a public airport about 1 mile (1.6 km) south-southwest of Plainview, Texas.

## History

From 1942 to 1944, the Hale County Airport consisted of an all-way turf airfield with a 2,700' x 2,700' landing/takeoff area. Glider training was provided to the United States Army Air Forces by Clint Breedlove Aerial Service. They primarily used C-47 Skytrains and Waco CG-4 unpowered gliders. There were possibly two auxiliary landing airfields. The mission of the school was to train glider pilot students in proficiency in operation of gliders in various types of towed and soaring flight, both day and night, and in servicing of gliders in the field.
The airport was inactivated during 1944 with the drawdown of AAFTC's pilot training program. It was declared surplus and turned over to the Army Corps of Engineers on 30 September 1945. It was eventually discharged to the War Assets Administration (WAA) and became a civil airport in April 1946.
Three commercial airlines served Plainview between 1948 and 1963. Pioneer Air Lines began service in January 1948 and ended on April 1, 1955, when the carrier merged into Continental Airlines. Continental then served the airport until 1959 when Central Airlines began service. During 1962, Central operated 516 flight departures but only boarded 148 passengers. Service ended in 1963. All three carriers operated Douglas DC-3 aircraft and provided flights to Amarillo and Lubbock. The Pioneer and Continental flights continued on from Lubbock to Midland/Odessa, San Angelo, Austin, and Houston Hobby Airport. Central Airlines flights continued northbound from Amarillo to Wichita and Kansas City with several stops en route.
# Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy

The Optical System for Imaging and low Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) is an optical spectrometer at the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) in Spain. It was the first instrument in operation at the GTC. OSIRIS's key scientific project is OTELO.
Sensitive in the wavelength range from 365 through 1000 nm, OSIRIS is a multiple purpose instrument for imaging and low-resolution long slit and multiple object spectroscopy (MOS). Imaging can be done using broad-band filters or narrow-band tunable filters with FWHM ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 nm at 365 nm, through 0.9 to 1.2 at 1000 nm. OSIRIS observing modes include also fast photometry and spectroscopy. OSIRIS's field of view is of 8.5×8.5 arcminutes and the maximum nominal spectral resolution is of 5000 for a slit width of 0.6 arcsec. MOS incorporates detector charge shuffling co-ordinated with telescope nodding for an excellent sky subtraction. The use of tunable filters is a completely new feature in 8 to 10 m class telescopes that will allow observing the very faint and distant emission line objects.
# Pervear v. Massachusetts

Pervear v. Massachusetts, 72 U.S. (5 Wall.) 475 (1866), was a case brought before the United States Supreme Court in 1866 over the issue of prisoners' rights. The court ruled that prisoners have no constitutional rights, not even Eighth Amendment rights. This was the first case stating the "hands off" policy that allowed states to run their prisons without federal interference. The application of the Bill of Rights to state action did not come until later and then only in part.
At that time in history, the Bill of Rights was seen as a bar to federal interference with state actions, and therefore a means of ensuring federal restraint.

## Background

A Massachusetts business owner was convicted and sentenced to the payment of a large fine and to three months of hard labor for failing to have a state license for his liquor store. He tried to invoke the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause of the Eighth Amendment.

## Decision

The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not apply to state cases but only to federal issues. Pervear did not take the case further.
This "hands off" policy was not successfully challenged until 1963 when Jones v. Cunningham had the Supreme Court rule that inmates in state institutions could file a writ of habeas corpus challenging the conditions of their imprisonment as well as its legality.
# Helix (composition)

Helix for orchestra is a single-movement orchestral composition by the Finnish composer Esa-Pekka Salonen. The work was commissioned by the BBC and was first performed August 27, 2005 at The Proms by the World Orchestra for Peace under conductor Valery Gergiev, to whom the piece is dedicated.

## Composition

Helix has a duration of roughly 9 minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Salonen compared the form of the work to a spiral or coil, writing in the score program notes:
   The process of Helix is basically that of a nine-minute accelerando. The tempo gets faster, but the note values of the phrases become correspondingly longer. Therefore only the material's relation to the pulse changes, not necessarily the impression of speed itself. Hence the spiral metaphor: the material (which consists essentially of two different phrases) is being pushed through constantly narrowing concentric circles until the music reaches a point where it has to stop as it has nowhere to go.

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for three flutes (doubling piccolo), three oboes (doubling cor anglais), two clarinets, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four French horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, five percussionists, harp, and strings.

## Reception

Anne Midgette of The New York Times called Helix "an exuberant showpiece" and wrote, "Its gimmick is that the tempo markings steadily increase throughout, adding propulsive force to a work that, thick with detail, throws out sounds and ideas as it builds steam." Stephen Johnson of BBC Music Magazine compared the work favorably to Salonen's Piano Concerto, writing, "The driven and dazzlingly colourful Helix matches all the Concerto can offer in less than a third of its length." Richard S. Ginell of the Los Angeles Times described it as "basically a musical coil that begins almost in a dream-like haze and accelerates and thickens and tightens until the overloaded structure comes to a screaming halt just short of the nine-minute mark." Richard Scheinin of the San Jose Mercury News also praised the composition and said, "Teeming with detail, the piece is a steady funneling of energy and suspense, self-multiplying. Through the strings, it also grew long-lined, romantic — but with a shocking hatchet finish. Only nine minutes long, it was impressive; Salonen seemed to be saying, 'This is who I am.'"
# Filip Grzegorzewski

Filip Tadeusz Grzegorzewski is a Polish and European diplomat, from 2019 to 2024 he served as Head of the European Economic and Trade Office in Taiwan. He specialises in Asia, and held key positions in both his national diplomatic service and that of the European Union.

## Career

Filip Grzegorzewski graduated from the Polish Diplomatic Academy and the University of Warsaw with a specialisation in Chinese studies and international relations. He also studied at Nanjing Normal University in China and at Hanoi University in Vietnam.
Grzegorzewski was Political Counsellor at the European Union Delegation to China and Mongolia between 2008-2011. This came after he served as COASI Representative at the Permanent Representation of Poland to the European Union (2005-2008).
From 2013 to mid-2015 he was Director General of Asia-Pacific Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. He also acted as ASEM Senior Official, and National Coordinator of the Central and Eastern Europe - China cooperation (16+1). Between 2011 and 2013 he was Head of the Policy Unit and Deputy Chief of Staff in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
From 2015 until 2019, Grzegorzewski was Chair of the Council Working Group on Asia-Oceania (COASI). The group brings together delegates from each EU member state Ministry of Foreign Affairs and meets weekly to prepare the decisions of the Council of the European Union on all matters pertaining to the two continents.
He was appointed the Head of the European Economic and Trade Office in Taiwan on 1 September 2019. He ended his mission in August 2024. Next, he became head of information integrity (and countering foreign information manipulation and interference) at the European External Action Service.
Besides Polish, he speaks English, French, and Chinese.

## Honors

* Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon (2024)

## Publications

* "European Union initiatives Supporting Asia-Pacific Countries in Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic", in: Kołodziejczyk K., The EU Towards the Global South During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Peter Lang, 2023.
* "Strategic Ambiguity in US-Taiwan Relations During the Donald Trump Administration", in: Polish Political Science Yearbook, Volume 51 (2022).
# Ordular, Mudurnu

Ordular is a village in the Mudurnu District of Bolu Province in Turkey. Its population is 60 (2021).
# Vuyo Mbuli

Vuyo Mbuli (14 May 1967 – 19 May 2013) was a South African television personality and news presenter at Morning Live. He began working as an anchor at SABC in 1993 with Tracy O'Brien and then worked on the debut show Morning Live in 1999 until his death.
Mbuli died at the age of 46 after collapsing in the Free State Stadium in Bloemfontein while watching a rugby match.

## Career

Mbuli worked for state broadcaster SABC and made his television debut in 1993 for TopSport Surplus (to become SABC 3) as a continuity presenter, and worked his way up to sports presenting and news anchor. He worked on Morning Live on SABC 2 since its inception on 1 November 1999.

## Death

Mbuli died of pulmonary embolism while watching a rugby game at the Free State Stadium, aged 46. More than one thousand people including dignitaries and celebrities attended his funeral service.
# Oreja

Oreja is the Spanish word for ear. It may also refer to:

## People

* Facundo Oreja, and Aregentine footballer
* Jaime Mayor Oreja, a Spanish politician
* Marcelino Oreja, 1st Marquess of Oreja, a Spanish lawyer, diplomat and politician
* Marcelino Oreja Elósegui, a Spanish entrepreneur
* Ricardo Oreja Elósegui, a Spanish politician

## Other

* Colmenar de Oreja, a town and municipality in Spain
** CD Colmenar de Oreja, the town's football club
* La Oreja de Van Gogh, a Spanish pop band
** La Oreja de Van Gogh discography
# Goose Green, Altrincham

Goose Green is a small pedestrianised town square in Altrincham, Trafford, Greater Manchester, England containing shops and restaurants.
One of the 21 conservation areas in Trafford, Goose Green, which started its existence as an area with residential cottages for local workers in the late 1700s, hosts an annual summer festival taking place always over the August bank holiday weekend.
# Forgotten Voices of the Great War

Forgotten Voices of the Great War is a collection of interviews with people who lived through the First World War.The book is part of the Imperial War Museum's oral archive.
In 1960, the Imperial War Museum began a momentous and important task. A team of academics, archivists and volunteers set about tracing WWI veterans and interviewing them at length in order to record the experiences of ordinary individuals in war. The IWM aural archive has become the most important archive of its kind in the world. Authors have occasionally been granted access to the vaults, but digesting the thousands of hours of footage is a monumental task. Author Max Arthur puts the interviews into chronological and campaign order, and provides some context about the events that surround the memories. The book includes testimonies from Harry Patch, Philip Neame, Horace Birks, Edmund Blunden, Douglas Wimberley, Mabel Lethbridge, Reginald Leonard Haine, Edward Spears, Godfrey Buxton, Henry Williamson, Tom Adlam, Cecil Arthur Lewis, Montagu Cleeve, Charles Carrington, Keith Officer and Norman Demuth.
Now, forty years on, the Imperial War Museum has at last given author Max Arthur and his team of researchers unlimited access to the complete WWI tapes. These are the forgotten voices of an entire generation of survivors of the Great War. The resulting book is an important and compelling history of WWI in the words of those who experienced it.
The book has been dramatised for the stage by the playwright Malcolm McKay.
# Fiat 522

The Fiat 522 is a passenger car produced by Fiat between 1931 and 1933. The 522 was offered in three different body styles : 522C (SWB), 522L (LWB) and 522S (Sport).
The engine was a 2,516 cc in-line six-cylinder with a claimed output of 52 PS (38 kW) or 65 PS (48 kW) for the Sport version. The car also featured a four-speed all-synchromesh transmission, which set this Fiat ahead of its time.
The 522 was the first model to feature Fiat's subsequently familiar rectangular logo: the badge used here employed gold lettering on a red background.
Almost 6,000 examples of the 522 were produced. A Fiat 522 CSS was also offered: in this version, the car had a higher compression ratio and twin carburetors.
* Fiat 522 L Torpedo 1931
* Fiat 522 C Sedan 1931
# German submarine U-143 (1940)

German submarine U-143 was a Type IID U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. Her keel was laid down on 3 January 1940 by Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 272. She was launched on 10 August 1940 and commissioned on 18 September under Kapitänleutnant Ernst Mengerson.
U-143 began her service life with the 1st U-boat Flotilla. She was then assigned to the 24th flotilla and subsequently to the 22nd flotilla where she conducted four patrols, sinking one ship of 1,409 gross register tons (GRT). She spent the rest of the war as a training vessel.

## Design

German Type IID submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-143 had a displacement of 314 tonnes (309 long tons) when at the surface and 364 tonnes (358 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (254 t), however. The U-boat had a total length of 43.97 m (144 ft 3 in), a pressure hull length of 29.80 m (97 ft 9 in), a beam of 4.92 m (16 ft 2 in), a height of 8.40 m (27 ft 7 in), and a draught of 3.93 m (12 ft 11 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 410 metric horsepower (300 kW; 400 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12.7 knots (23.5 km/h; 14.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.4 knots (13.7 km/h; 8.5 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-143 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of 25.

## Operational career
### First patrol

U-143's first patrol took her along the Norwegian coast, before crossing the North Sea and passing through the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands towards Iceland.

### Second and third patrols

Following a transit voyage from Bergen in Norway, she left Kiel on 9 June 1941, travelling to much the same area as on her first sortie.
Her third foray was equally uneventful.

### Fourth patrol and fate

On her fourth patrol, the boat sank the Inger on 23 August 1941 about 30 nmi (56 km; 35 mi) northwest of the Butt of Lewis (in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland).
She surrendered on 5 May 1945 in Heligoland, was transferred to Wilhelmshaven and then to Loch Ryan for Operation Deadlight. She was sunk on 22 December at 55°58′N 9°35′W﻿ / ﻿55.967°N 9.583°W﻿ / 55.967; -9.583.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) | Fate |
| 23 August 1941 | Inger | Norway | 1,409 | Sunk |
# Shanti Kumar Desai

Shanti Kumar Desai (3 March 1908 – 6 January 1986) also credited as Shanti Kumar, was an Indian music director who gave music to Hindi films between 1934 -1964.

## Personal life

He was born to a Gujarati family in Amreli in Saurashtra, Bombay Presidency, India. His mother is Kunwarben and father is Shri Pritamlal Desai. He married Shantagauri Kanakiya. He died on 6 January 1986, survived by five children, 2 sons and 3 daughters and grandchildren.

## Career

He learned music early and gave concerts to the royal families of that time. During the 3rd decade of the 20th century, he came to Mumbai and took a job of a broadcaster in HMV. He was exposed to composition and music arrangement for Indian Cinema. He became a disciple of Shri Aman Ali Khan.
Initially he gave music to a theater group in Bhangwadi area of Mumbai. He got his first break in the movie Navbharat from Victory Pictures in 1934. He worked with veteran singers of that time including Johrabai Ambawali, Rajkumari, Ameerbai Karnataki, Sardar Akhtar and Pinakin Shah. He composed for around 40 movies.
He was also known as a harmonium player. In that era, music used harmonium and tabla only.

## Filmography

| Film | Year |
| Nav Bharat | 1934 |
| Taqdeer | 1935 |
| Qatil Katar | 1935 |
| Magic Horse | 1935 |
| Zan Mureed | 1936 |
| Jawahar - e - hind | 1937 |
| Punarjanam | 1938 |
| Sharif Daku | 1938 |
| Ghunghatwali | 1938 |
| Devbala | 1938 |
| Chhote Sarkar | 1938 |
| Imandar | 1939 |
| Fankdo Fituri (Gujarati) | 1939 |
| Suhagan | 1940 |
| Pyaar | 1940 |
| Anjam | 1940 |
| Jadu Nagri | 1940 |
| Prabhat | 1941 |
| Torpedo | 1941 |
| Meri Khwahish | 1941 |
| Desire | 1941 |
| Meri Duniya | 1942 |
| Swapna | 1942 |
| Naukar | 1943 |
| Fashion | 1943 |
| Duhai | 1943 |
| Collegian | 1944 |
| Kismatwala | 1944 |
| Dhanwan | 1946 |
| Shah - E - Misar | 1946 |
| Ek Din Ka Sultan | 1945 |
| Gaurav | 1947 |
| Ghar Ki Bahu | 1947 |
| Amar Asha | 1947 |
| Sati Vijaya | 1948 |
| Ek Din Ka Sultan | 1949 |
| Lav Kush | 1951 |
| Tere Dwar Khade Bhagwan | 1964 |
# Sudbury baronets

The Sudbury Baronetcy, of Eldon in the County of Durham, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 25 June 1685 for John Sudbury. The title became extinct on his death in 1691.

## Sudbury baronets, of Eldon (1685)

* Sir John Sudbury, 1st Baronet (died 1691)
# Obukhovka

Obukhovka may refer to:
* Obukhovka, Kazakhstan, a village in the Almaty Province, Kazakhstan
* Obukhovka, Russia, name of several rural localities in Russia