OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sociedad Mexicana de Física

The Sociedad Mexicana de Física (SMF) (or Mexican Physics Society) is an association of physicists and other collaborators dedicated to contributing to research in different areas of physics, as well as organizing important national events related to physics, such as the Olimpiadas de Física (Physics Olympics) and the Encuentros de enseñanza (Meetings on teaching). The society is also responsible for the accreditation and supervision of learning and teaching in physics at the upper secondary and higher levels. Its main offices are located in the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), in Mexico City. The SMF is divided into specialized divisions, each of which is a sub-organizations focused on a particular area of physics. The SMF was established at a meeting held in December 1950. Carlos Graef Fernández was elected as the inaugural president.
Revista Mexicana de Física is an official publication of the SMF.

## Specialized divisions

Currently, the SMF is made up of nine specialized divisions, which are: medical physics; fluids and plasmas; gravitation and mathematical physics; optics; teaching of physics; particles and fields; nuclear physics; radiation physics; and statistical physics.
The SMF has two regional divisions, in Puebla and Tabasco.

## Agreements

The SMF has agreements with the American Physical Society (APS), with the Canadian Association of Physicists (CAP), with the Physical Society of Japan (PSJ) and the Sociedad Cubana de Física (SCF) (which publishes the Revista Cubana de Física).

## Activities

Some of the activities carried out by the Mexican Physics Society are mentioned below.

### Physics education accreditation

The organization in charge of accrediting physics education programs is the Consejo de Acreditación de Programas Educativos en Física (CAPEF) (i.e. Council for Educational Programs in Physics) made up of the SMF and the Sociedad Matemática Mexicana (SMM). The main function of CAPEF is to supervise and promote the educational quality of physics at the university level.

### 27th national meeting of scientific dissemination

The XXVII Encuentro Nacional de Divulgación Científica (XXVII National Meeting of Scientific Dissemination) was held in the city San Luis Potosí in 2013. Within the framework of the LVI Congreso Nacional de Física (LVI National Congress of Physics), the meeting focused on recreational and non-formal teaching of Science .

### 19th national teaching meeting

The ''XIX Encuentro Nacional sobre la Enseñanza de la Física en el Nivel Medio Superior (XIX National Meeting on the Teaching of Physics at the Higher Secondary Level) was held in Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa in 2007 from the 1st to the 3rd of October. Among the topics discussed were the teaching strategies and methods of the physical concepts and phenomena and the processes of accreditation of physics teaching at the upper secondary level.
# Gymnopilus subsapineus

Gymnopilus subsapineus is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae.

## Description

The cap is 2 to 5 centimetres (0.8 to 2.0 in) in diameter.

## Habitat and distribution

Gymnopilus subsapineus has been found growing on rotting wood in Oregon, during October.
# Peter Fairlie

Peter Fairlie (born 1957) is a squash player who represented the Scotland men's national squash team.

## Squash career

At the 1977 East of Scotland squash championships Fairlie surprised several top-ranked players. He played for Colinton Castle Sports Club and Bridge of Allan Sports Club in the Scottish League. Fairlie made his Scotland debut in 1980.
Fairlie represented Scotland at the 1983 Men's World Team Squash Championships in New Zealand. In 1984 he was number 2 in the Scottish rankings.
In December 1986 Fairlie was named in the same Scotland squad as Alasdair Taylor for the 1987 home international squash series. Both players were alumni of Strathallan School near Perth, Scotland.
Overall, Fairlie gained 21 caps for Scotland between 1980 and 1987. In 1989 he represented a Scottish Select team against Singapore.

### World record

Between 30 June and 5 July 1979, Fairlie set a new world record for the longest squash marathon, 120 hours and 51 minutes, at the Bridge of Allan Sports Club in Scotland.
# Former Residence of Zhang Shiming

The Former Residence of Zhang Shiming (simplified Chinese: 张石铭旧居; traditional Chinese: 張石銘舊居; pinyin: Zhāng Shímíng Jiùjū), also known as Hall of Yide (Chinese: 懿德堂; lit. 'Hall of Virtue') is located in Nanxun, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. It was the former residence of Zhang Shiming, grandson of Zhang Songxian (张颂贤).

## History

It was built between 1899 and 1905, during the ruling of Guangxu Emperor in late Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
In 2001, it was inscribed to the fifth batch of "Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Zhejiang" by the State Council of China.

## Architecture

It covers a building area of 6,137-square-metre (66,060 sq ft) and consists of 244 rooms. It is influenced by the architecture style of Renaissance architecture in the Western Europe and at the same time preserves the basic form of the residential houses in Jiangnan region.
# Ford, Georgia

Ford is an extinct town in Bartow County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

## History

A post office called Ford was established in 1888, and remained in operation until 1907. The community has the name of Joseph Ford, a pioneer citizen.
# Smooth Operator (Big Daddy Kane song)

"Smooth Operator" is the lead single released from Big Daddy Kane's second album, It's a Big Daddy Thing. Arguably one of Big Daddy Kane's most popular songs, the song topped the newly formed Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart and was a hit on the R&B and dance charts, peaking at number 11 and 17 on the charts respectively. Actor and comedian Chris Rock appears in the music video getting his hair cut. He appears 2 minutes, and 23 seconds into the video.

## Samples

The song contains samples of "All Night Long" by Mary Jane Girls, "Do Your Thing" by Isaac Hayes from his soundtrack to the film Shaft (1971), "Sexual Healing" and "Let's Get It On" by Marvin Gaye, "The Champ" by The Mohawks, and "Impeach the President" by the Honey Drippers.

## Music video

The music video features a cameo by Al B. Sure! and rapper Kwamé and comedian and actor Chris Rock.

## Single track listing
### A-Side

* "Smooth Operator" – 4:42
* "Smooth Operator" (Instrumental) – 4:40

### B-Side

* "Warm It Up, Kane" – 4:12
* "Warm It Up, Kane" (Instrumental) – 4:12

## Charts

| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 11 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
# Peter Sibbald

Major-General Peter Frank Aubrey Sibbald CB OBE (24 March 1928 – 5 July 1994) was a British Army officer.

## Military career

Educated at Haileybury, Sibbald was commissioned into the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1948 and saw action during the Malayan Emergency and the Korean War. He became commanding officer of a battalion of The Light Infantry in 1968. He became Commander of 51st Gurkha Infantry Brigade in Hong Kong in 1972, Divisional Brigadier, Light Division in 1975 and General Officer Commanding North West District in 1977. His last appointment was as Director of Infantry in 1980 before retiring in 1983.
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1982 New Year Honours.
In 1958 he married Margaret Maureen Entwistle; they had one son and one daughter.
# HACR

HACR can refer to:
* Heating Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration
* Hidro Antonio Cañete de Reconocimiento, a Spanish flying boat also known as Cañete Pirata
* Hispanic association on corporate responsibility, a nonprofit coalition of Hispanic organizations
# HACL1 (gene)

2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HACL1 gene.
# Petite-Île

Petite-Île (French pronunciation:, literally Little Isle) is a commune on the French island and department of Réunion. The commune is bordered by the communes of Saint-Joseph to the east and Saint-Pierre to the west. The commune gets its name from the uninhabited islet off of its coast, the only such islet near Réunion that has vegetation. The commune was established in 1935.

## Geography
### Climate

Petite-Île has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average annual temperature in Petite-Île is 24.3 °C (75.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,458.6 mm (57.43 in) with February as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in January, at around 27.4 °C (81.3 °F), and lowest in July, at around 21.0 °C (69.8 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Petite-Île was 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) on 21 January 2009; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −5.9 °C (21.4 °F) on 2 August 2001.
Climate data for Petite-Île (1991–2020 averages, extremes 2000−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.6 (97.9) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.4 (95.7) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.1 (91.6) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 29.5 (85.1) | 30.7 (87.3) | 31.8 (89.2) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.6 (97.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.7 (87.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.7 (76.5) | 25.7 (78.3) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 30.9 (87.6) | 28.1 (82.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 23.9 (75.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 21.1 (70.0) | 21.9 (71.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 26.6 (79.9) | 24.3 (75.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.9 (71.4) | 20.3 (68.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 17.7 (63.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 20.5 (68.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.7 (67.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.6 (58.3) | 15.1 (59.2) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.7 (58.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 16.5 (61.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 13.6 (56.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 163.7 (6.44) | 187.2 (7.37) | 197.4 (7.77) | 182.0 (7.17) | 138.2 (5.44) | 118.3 (4.66) | 135.3 (5.33) | 72.3 (2.85) | 64.7 (2.55) | 51.0 (2.01) | 57.8 (2.28) | 90.7 (3.57) | 1,458.6 (57.43) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.5 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 9.3 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 113.4 |
| Source: Météo France ||||||||||||||

## Economy

The main economy in the commune is agriculture-based, with cane sugar plantations, along with fruit and vegetable farming.
# Socorro Rojo del P.O.U.M.

Socorro Rojo del P.O.U.M. ('POUM Red Aid') was a volunteer organization in Spain, active during the Spanish Civil War. The organization was set up by the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), modelled after the Communist Party-led International Red Aid. All P.O.U.M. party members had to be members of the organization.
The Central Committee of the organization issued the monthly publication Socorro Rojo P.O.U.M. from Barcelona 1936–1937.
# HKH

HKH may refer to:
* HKH Ranges, or the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region
* Hawkhead railway station, in Scotland
* HKH General Contracting, founded by Hamad bin Khalid Al Thani
# Perveance

Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge.

## Origin of the word

The word was probably created from Latin pervenio–to attain.

## Definition

For an electron gun, the gun perveance $P$ is determined as a coefficient of proportionality between a space-charge limited current, $I$, and the gun anode voltage, $U_{a}$, in three-half power in the Child-Langmuir law
${I}={P}\cdot U_{a}^{\frac {3}{2}}$
The same notion is used for non-relativistic beams propagating through a vacuum chamber. In this case, the beam is assumed to have been accelerated in a stationary electric field so that $U_{a}$ is the potential difference between the emitter and the vacuum chamber, and the ratio of ${\frac {I}{U_{a}^{\frac {3}{2}}}}$ is referred to as a beam perveance. In equations describing motion of relativistic beams, contribution of the space charge appears as a dimensionless parameter called the generalized perveance $K$ defined as
${K}={\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\cdot {\frac {2}{{\beta }^{3}{\gamma }^{3}}}\cdot (1-\gamma ^{2}f_{e})$,
where ${I_{0}}=4\pi \varepsilon _{0}\cdot {\frac {mc^{3}}{e}}\approx 17\mathrm {kA}$ (for electrons) is the Budker (or Alfven) current; $\mathbf {\beta }$ and $\mathbf {\gamma }$ are the relativistic factors, and $f_{e}$ is the neutralization factor.

## Examples

The 6S4A is an example of a high perveance triode. The triode section of a 6AU8A becomes a high-perveance diode when its control grid is employed as the anode. Each section of a 6AL5 is a high-perveance diode as opposed to a 1J3 which requires over 100 V to reach only 2 mA.
Perveance does not relate directly to current handling. Another high-perveance diode, the diode section of a 33GY7, shows similar perveance to a 6AL5, but handles 15 times greater current, at almost 13 times maximum peak inverse voltage.
# Pervaya Liga (Soviet Union)

The Pervaya Liga was the second level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union, below the Soviet Championship League. The league was first contested during the 1947–48 season.
# Peter Lamont (footballer)

Peter Lamont is a former footballer. He played for Alloa Athletic for whom he was the leading goalscorer in 1989–1990. In 2005, he came third in a fans' poll run by Football Focus to find Alloa's all-time cult hero. He also played for Clydebank, Cowdenbeath and East Stirlingshire in the Scottish Football League. After retiring, he coached for a time at Wolves Boys Club (Glasgow).
# Gymnopyge hopliaeformis

Gymnopyge hopliaeformis is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Social Network for Assistance to People

Social Network for Assistance to People (informally Association SNAP) is a non-profit, registered organization to provide required services to all minorities in West Bengal. It is a non-profitable, non-political, non-governmental organization to arrest division in society and to propagate harmony in the society. The organization became notable for the most comprehensive field-level survey on the socio-economic status of Muslims living in West Bengal which was released on 31 May 2014 by Bengali poet Sankha Ghosh and writer Nabanita Dev Sen.

## History

Association SNAP was formed in April 2008 under West Bengal Societies Registration act XXVI of 1961.

## Objectives

The objectives of Association SNAP is to provide required services to all minorities in the state of West Bengal which includes providing information to minority community regarding different Central Govt. and State Govt. schemes and many other educational, training and job-oriented schemes. They are also planning to take more proactive steps to uplift the minority condition in the state in association with both Government and private agencies and larger section of people from minority society.
According to SNAP, they offer detail assistance with information including required details about the scholarships, education loans, available hostels, dormitories, boarding to the students desperately seeking to overcome the hurdles on their educational journey in West Bengal.

## Vision

To help the whole minority community come out of the quagmire of poverty and educational backwardness, and encourage, enlighten and prepare all its members to be useful citizens who will contribute to make a prosperous, healthy and strong nation.
# Forest Lakes, Wellington

Forest Lakes is a rural locality in the Kāpiti Coast District of the Wellington Region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located between Ōtaki and the northern boundary of Kāpiti Coast. Forest Lakes Road runs west from State Highway 1. The area contains Lake Waitawa, Ngatotara Lagoon, and several smaller lakes. Lake Kopureherehere is just north of the district border.
Forest Lakes Station flourished in the area from the 1870s to the 1920s. The Forest Lakes Homestead is now part of a camping and conference centre.

## Demographics

The statistical area of Forest Lakes covers 34.63 km$^2$ (13.37 sq mi), and also includes an area east of Waitohu. It had an estimated population of 610 as of June 2023, with a population density of 17.61 people per km$^2$.
Before the 2023 census, the statistical area had a larger boundary, covering 38.09 km$^2$ (14.71 sq mi) and including part of Waitohu. Using that boundary, Forest Lakes had a population of 663 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 39 people (6.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 72 people (12.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 255 households, comprising 315 males and 348 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.91 males per female. The median age was 52.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 99 people (14.9%) aged under 15 years, 96 (14.5%) aged 15 to 29, 306 (46.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 159 (24.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 90.0% European/Pākehā, 16.3% Māori, 1.8% Pasifika, 3.2% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 15.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 55.2% had no religion, 33.0% were Christian, 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.5% were Muslim and 1.4% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 138 (24.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 111 (19.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $30,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 105 people (18.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 270 (47.9%) people were employed full-time, 90 (16.0%) were part-time, and 18 (3.2%) were unemployed.
# Gülükler, Araç

Gülükler is a village in the Araç District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 79 (2021).
# György Simonka

György Simonka (born March 14, 1974) is a Hungarian businessman and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Mezőkovácsháza (Békés County Constituency VII) from 2010 to 2014, and for Orosháza (Békés County Constituency IV) from 2014 to 2022. He was elected mayor of Pusztaottlaka in October 2006, he held that office until 2014.
Simonka was a member of the Committee on Consumer Protection from 14 May 2010 to 5 May 2014. He was a member of the Committee on Sustainable Development from 6 May 2014 to 1 May 2022.
Due to a high-profile corruption scandal involving him (see below), Simonka announced in December 2021 he will not run as a candidate in the upcoming 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election. He was re-elected mayor of Pusztaottlaka during the 2024 Hungarian local elections.

## Criminal charge

In 2016, the National Tax and Customs Administration (NAV) launched an investigation against him on suspicion of crimes related to European Union and Hungarian budget funds.
In October 2018, the Chief Prosecutor's Office filed a lawsuit against Simonka and 32 others in a charge of tax fraud in a criminal organization causing particularly serious financial damage against the national budget and other criminal offenses. Upon the request of the Chief Prosecutor's Office, the National Assembly suspended his immunity.
As part of a criminal lawsuit that began in February 2021, the prosecutor's office accused Simonka of embezzling funds from the European Union and the Hungarian budget with the help of company networks that fruit and vegetable producers could have claimed. According to the accusation, between 2009 and 2015, 1.4 billion HUF of public funds were stolen by a circle of organized crime led by Simonka. Therefore, the prosecutor's office offered him eight and a half years in prison and a confiscation of 850 million HUF if he admits to the indictment. Simonka did not do that.
# HMS Aboukir

Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Aboukir, after Abu Qir Bay, the site of the Battle of the Nile:
* HMS Aboukir (1798) was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line, formerly the French ship Aquilon captured at the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and broken up in 1802.
* HMS Aboukir (1807) was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line launched in 1807, on harbour service from 1824 and sold in 1838.
* HMS Aboukir (1848) was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line launched in 1848. She was refitted with screw propulsion in 1858 and was sold in 1877.
* HMS Aboukir (1900) was a Cressy-class cruiser launched in 1900 and torpedoed along with two sister ships on 22 September 1914.
# Petworth Cottage Museum

50°59′08″N 0°36′27″W﻿ / ﻿50.98556°N 0.60750°W﻿ / 50.98556; -0.60750
Petworth Cottage Museum, at 346 High Street, Petworth, West Sussex is a Leconfield Estate worker's cottage. It has been restored and furnished as it might have been in about 1910 when the occupier was a Mrs. Mary Cummings, an Irish Catholic. Mary worked as a seamstress at nearby Petworth House and at home. The collection also includes two oil on canvas paintings by an unknown artist. These show an exterior and an interior view of Petworth Gaol, or House of Correction, in the 1860s.
The museum was opened by Lord and Lady Egremont in May 1996 and is run by an independent charitable trust, the Petworth Cottage Trust. Volunteer staff provide information and guided tours.
# HKT

HKT may refer to:
* German Eastern Marches Society, (Hakata or H-K-T), a German organisation 1894–1934
* Helsingin Kisa-Toverit, a Finnish sport club
* Hong Kong Telecom
* Hong Kong Tramways
* Hong Kong Time
* The Hong Kong Times [yue], a former newspaper
* Höckmayr KFZ-Technik, Lotus 7 clone manufacturer
* Phuket International Airport, in Thailand
* Higher-kinded type
# H. W. Dissanayake

Henry William Dissanayake (3 February 1924 – 1985) was a Sri Lankan politician.
Henry William Dissanayake was born on 3 February 1924 and received his early education at the Yatalawatte Government School, and at Richmond College, Galle. In 1947 whilst at Richmond College he led the delegation of All-Ceylon Buddhist Students' Union before the Special Committee on Education. After finishing school Dissanayake entered the Government Clerical Service and was the secretary of the G.C.S.U. (Galle) from 1948 to 1950. He resigned to enter Ceylon Law College, passing out as a Proctor. While at Law College he was the secretary of the Political Society.
At the 4th General Parliamentary elections in March 1960 he contested the seat of Hiniduma on behalf of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party losing to Ceylonese parliamentary election, 1965 by 1,785 votes. As the March Election left neither party with a majority a subsequent election was held in July that year. At the July elections Dissanayake re-contested Hiniduma however this time for the Sri Lanka Freedom Party and was successful, receiving 48% (7,610) of the votes.
At the parliamentary elections in 1965 he was narrowly defeated by 542 votes by the United National Party candidate, Amarasiri. He successfully re-contested the seat at the 1970 elections, winning against rival Amarasiri by over 5,500 votes. He failed to hold the seat at the 8th Parliamentary election held in July 1977, losing to Amarasiri by 11,000 votes.
Dissanayake died in 1985. His wife, Malini, died in 2012.
# Phanis armicollis

Phanis armicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fairmaire in 1893.
# Phanis tanganjicae

Phanis tanganjicae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1978.
# Peters's fruit bat

Peters's fruit bat (Cynopterus luzoniensis) is a species of megabat within the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Sulawesi, Philippines, and adjacent small islands.