OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 13th Psychological Operations Battalion

The 13th Psychological Operations Battalion (originally, the 13th Psychological Warfare Battalion (Enemy Prisoner of War)) is a Battalion in the United States Army Reserve.

## History

It was established on 4 October 1961 in the Regular Army as Headquarters and Headquarters Co, 13th Psychological Warfare Battalion was activated on 15 November 1961 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The 13th was redesignated on 20 December 1965 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 13th Psychological Operations Battalion. Army Radio Station WCSW-FM operated under its command. Most unit members rotated from Smoke Bomb Hill to Vietnam, Korea, Germany or elsewhere based on special MOS qualifications. Inactivated on 13 September 1972 at Fort Bragg. Withdrawn from the Regular Army, allotted to the United States Army Reserve and activated at Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 30 October 1975. It was then relocated to Minneapolis, Minnesota on 1 January 1978; to Fort Snelling, Minnesota on 1 December 1979 and to Arden Hills, Minnesota on 16 January 1996.

## Campaign streamers

The 13th POB was awarded Campaign streamers for the defense of Saudi Arabia and for the liberation of Kuwait.

## Conflicts

* Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq)
* Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan)
* Desert Shield/Desert Storm
* Support of PSYOP/Vietnam 1968-69
* Vietnam 1967-70
# 13th Reconnaissance Squadron (disambiguation)

The 13th Reconnaissance Squadron is an active United States Air Force Unit, originally constituted as the 13th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron in June 1942. It has held this designation since March 2005.
13th Reconnaissance Squadron may also refer to:
* The 403d Bombardment Squadron, designated the 13th Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy) from January 1941 to April 1942.
* The 29th Attack Squadron, designated the 13th Reconnaissance Squadron (Fighter) from April 1943 to August 1943.
# 1,6-Hexanediol diglycidyl ether

1,6-Hexanediol diglycidyl ether is an organic chemical in the glycidyl ether family. It is an aliphatic compound that is a colorless liquid. It has two epoxide (oxirane) groups per molecule. Its main use is in modifying epoxy resins especially viscosity reduction whilst flexibilizing. It is REACH registered.

## Manufacture

1,6-Hexanediol and epichlorohydrin are reacted in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst to form a halohydrin: each hydroxyl group of the diol reacts with an epoxide on epichlorohydrin. This process is followed by washing with sodium hydroxide to re-form the epoxide rings in a dehydrochlorination reaction. One of the quality control tests would involve measuring the Epoxy value by determination of the epoxy equivalent weight.

## Uses

Its main use is for reduction of viscosity in epoxy resin systems - it is thus an epoxy reactive diluent. The chain length helps give some degree of flexibility as an epoxy resin has rigid aromatic rings which are planar. These systems may then be formulated into CASE applications: Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, Elastomers, and composite materials. The use of the diluent does effect mechanical properties and microstructure of epoxy resins.

## Toxicity

The toxicity is fairly well understood. It is classed as a skin irritant, skin sensitizer, allergen and has caused contact dermatitis.
# Volvic

Volvic (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
The church at Volvic is dedicated to “St Priest” (Projectus), who is reputed to have been killed here in 676 AD.

## International relations

Volvic is twinned with:
* Unterschneidheim, Germany
* Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland

## Gallery

* Château de Tournoël in Volvic
# Voice over WLAN

Voice over wireless LAN (VoWLAN), also voice over Wi‑Fi (VoWiFi), is the use of a wireless broadband network according to the IEEE 802.11 standards for the purpose of vocal conversation. In essence, it is voice over IP (VoIP) over a Wi-Fi network. In most cases, the Wi-Fi network and voice components supporting the voice system are privately owned.
VoWLAN can be conducted over any Internet accessible device, including a laptop, PDA or VoWLAN units which look and function like DECT and cellphones. Just like for IP-DECT, the VoWLAN's main advantages to consumers are cheaper local and international calls, free calls to other VoWLAN units and a simplified integrated billing of both phone and Internet service providers.
Although VoWLAN and 3G have certain feature similarities, VoWLAN is different in the sense that it uses a wireless internet network (typically 802.11) rather than a cellular network. Both VoWLAN and 3G are used in different ways, although with a femtocell the two can deliver similar service to users and can be considered alternatives.

## Applications

For a single location organisation it enables use of existing Wi-Fi network for low (or no) cost of use VoIP (hence VoWLAN) communication in a similar manner to land mobile radio system or walkie-talkie systems with push to talk and emergency broadcast channels. They are also used across multiple locations for mobile workers such as delivery drivers, these workers need to take advantage of 3G type services whereby a cellular company provide data access between the handheld device and the companies back-end network.

## Benefits

A voice over WLAN system offers several benefits to organizations, such as hospitals and warehouses. Such advantages include increased mobility and cost savings. For instance, nurses and doctors within a hospital can maintain voice communications at any time at less cost, compared to cellular service.

## Types

* as an extension to cellular network using Generic Access Network or Unlicensed Mobile Access (the equivalent but more commercial term).
* as a local network independent of cellular company.

## Design considerations

A Wi-Fi network that supports voice telephony must be carefully designed in a way that maximizes performance and is able to support the applicable call density. A voice network includes call gateways in addition to the Wi-Fi access points. The gateways provide call handling among wireless IP phones and connections to traditional telephone systems. The Wi-Fi network supporting voice applications must provide much stronger signal coverage than what's needed for most data-only applications. In addition, the Wi-Fi network must provide seamless roaming between access points.

## Alternatives

As noted above, in many contexts a femtocell, using cellular technology to connect to standard terminals, can be considered an alternative to VoWLAN.
# 1913–14 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season

The 1913–14 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season was the 20th season of collegiate ice hockey.

## Regular season
### Standings

1913–14 Collegiate ice hockey standingsvte :
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Amherst | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | – | – |
| Army | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | .000 | 8 | 27 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 34 |
| Columbia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | .333 | 6 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 29 |
| Cornell | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 | 9 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 18 |
| Dartmouth | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | .800 | 37 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 49 | 18 |
| Harvard | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | .700 | 32 | 21 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 40 | 35 |
| Holy Cross | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Massachusetts Agricultural | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | .750 | 40 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 40 | 6 |
| MIT | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | .333 | 21 | 33 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 25 | 49 |
| Princeton | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | .875 | 33 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 54 | 25 |
| Rensselaer | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Trinity | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tufts | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Williams | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | .714 | 32 | 19 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 19 |
| Yale | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | .444 | 25 | 26 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 34 | 40 |
| YMCA College | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1913–14 Intercollegiate Hockey League standingsvte :
| | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| | GP | W | L | T | PTS | SW | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Princeton * | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | .800 | 2 | 17 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 54 | 25 |
| Harvard | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | .500 | 1 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 40 | 35 |
| Yale | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 | 0 | 11 | 21 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 34 | 40 |
| * indicates conference champion ||||||||||||||||
# Voltone Airfield

Voltone Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield, located approximately 4 km west of Tarquinia (Provincia di Viterbo, Lazio), central Italy, about 70 km northwest of Rome.
It was an all-weather temporary field built by the XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing (PHS). PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares. Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available. In addition, tents were used for billeting and support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums; drinkable water and a minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.
Once completed it was turned over for use by the United States Army Air Force Twelfth Air Force 415th Night Fighter Squadron between 17 June-9 July 1944, flying Bristol Beaufighters.
When the Americans pulled out, the airfield was dismantled by engineers. Today the location of the airfield is partially a golf course bisected by a road with the outline of its former main runway on the other side in a pasture.
# 12th Mounted Rifles

The 12th Mounted Rifles were a light cavalry regiment of the Royal Prussian Army. The regiment was formed 1 October 1913 in St. Avold.
# 12th National Geographic Bee

The 12th National Geographic Bee was held in Washington, D.C., on May 24, 2000, sponsored by the National Geographic Society. The final competition was moderated by Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. The winner was Felix Peng of Elisabeth Adams Middle School in Guilford, Connecticut, who won a $25,000 college scholarship. The 2nd-place winner, George Thampy, of St. Louis, Missouri, won a $15,000 scholarship. The 3rd-place winner, Jonathan Janus, of Ravenel, South Carolina, won a $10,000 scholarship.
# Viñón

Viñón is one of six parishes (administrative divisions) in Cabranes, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
It is 6.26 km$^2$ (2.42 sq mi) in size with a population of 199 (INE 2005).

## Villages

* d'Arboleya
* Ñao
* La Puerte
* Valbuena
* Viñón
* This article about a location in the Principality of Asturias, Spain, is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# General Fleming

General Fleming may refer to:
* Adrian Sebastian Fleming (1872–1940), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Christopher Fleming, 17th Baron Slane (1669–1726), Irish-born Portuguese Army lieutenant general
* James Fleming (British Army officer) (1682–1751), British Army major general
* Lawrence J. Fleming (1922–2006), U.S. Air Force major general
* Philip Bracken Fleming (1887–1955), U.S. Army major general
* Raymond H. Fleming (1889–1974), U.S. Army major general
# 10P

10P, 10-P or 10.P may refer to:
* AMX-10P, a French Army tank
* 10P/Tempel, a comet
* British ten pence coin
* 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu
# Voodoo (Dirty Dozen Brass Band album)

Voodoo is an album by the New Orleans brass band the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, released in 1989. It was the band's Columbia Records debut.

## Production

The album was produced by Scott Billington. Dizzy Gillespie, Branford Marsalis, and Dr. John make guest appearances on the album. While Gillespie scats on his contribution, the only vocals on Voodoo are provided by Dr. John and trumpet player Greg Davis.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Robert Christgau | B |
| The Cincinnati Enquirer | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| MusicHound Jazz: The Essential Album Guide | |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | |
Robert Christgau wrote: "The cameos ... are the giveaways, because this jaunty concept needs those guys, to sing or solo as the case may be. The headliners are the lounge band of a tourist's dreams, and that's all they are." The New York Times wrote that "while the band's arrangements can be dissonant, except for the use of a baritone saxophone and the omission of clarinet its instrumental lineup is quite traditional and includes two trumpets, two saxophones, trombone, sousaphone, and snare and bass drums."
The St. Petersburg Times thought that, "driven by [Kirk] Joseph's sousaphone, the other horn players weave an earthy mosaic of tangled riffs and clipped, edgy solos." USA Today stated that "without a pianist or a bass player, the band alternates in this eight-song set between finger-snapping jazz and Mardi Gras party rhythms."
# Gene pyramiding

Gene pyramiding is the simultaneous selection for and/or introduction of multiple genes during plant breeding. Objectives of gene pyramiding includes 1) enhancing trait performance by combining two or more complementary genes, 2) remedying deficits by introgressing genes from other sources, 3) increasing the durability. For example, pyramiding has been successfully demonstrated in Oryza sativa for rice blast, producing durable multi-race resistance simultaneously. Pyramiding and Marker Assisted Selection can be combined as Marker-Assisted Pyramiding. Gene stacking can be achieved a few different ways, and pyramiding is one of those methods.​
# Stan Masters

Stan Masters (July 4, 1922 – December 13, 2005) was an American realist painter from the St. Louis suburb of Kirkwood, Missouri.

## Life of Stan Masters

Masters was the son and grandson of railroad workers. Raised during the Great Depression in the one-room Missouri Pacific Railroad section house located between the railroad tracks in downtown Kirkwood, his home had no running water or electricity. Trains passed within 6 feet of the porch.
After the United States' entrance into World War II, Masters left Kirkwood for the Army in 1942. After being stationed in Pennsylvania, he served combat duty in Italy in 1944 and 1945. After the war, Masters applied to art schools in 1946. Rejected by schools in St. Louis, he returned to Pennsylvania to attend the Dauphin School of Fine Arts in Philadelphia on the GI Bill.
Masters returned to St. Louis in 1948 where he spent the next 20 years working in commercial art at various advertising agencies. In 1962, Masters made a short film called The Storm, which won five awards from the Photographic Society of America and also won at the Cannes Film Festival in the Amateur Division in 1963.
In 1970, Masters decided to devote his career entirely to his art. By 1971, he had committed himself exclusively to watercolor. Despite favorable reviews from critics, and having won both local and national awards, Masters' watercolors did not sell well in his lifetime. Perhaps discouraged by the commercial market, Masters retreated to the solitude of his studio at his home in Maplewood, Missouri. Much of his portfolio was later discovered in his studio, unseen by others, after his death in 2005.

## Art of Stan Masters

Masters studied, and was influenced by, the works of Winslow Homer, Andrew Wyeth, and Edward Hopper. His paintings characteristically portrayed the familiar themes of railroads, cityscapes, and rural imagery which were emblematic of his hard scrabble Missouri childhood. Masters' works possess an endowment of profound calm, and their loneliness seems to guide the viewer to consider what is happening outside of the picture.
* Gas-Oil-Tires
* Holekamp Lumber
* Grover Texaco
* Once, a King
# Luís Marcelo Durán

Luis Marcelo Durán (born August 31, 1974 in Montevideo, Uruguay), known as Marcelo Durán, is a former Uruguayan footballer who played for clubs of Uruguay, Chile and Peru.

## Teams

* Liverpool 1996
* El Tanque Sisley 1997–1998
* Racing 1999
* Huachipato 2000
* Central Español 2001–2003
* Melgar 2003
* Cerro 2004
* Fénix 2005
* Deportes Arica 2005
* Cerro Largo 2006–2007
* Fernández Vial 2007
* Cerro Largo 2008
* Central Español 2008–2009
* Juventud Las Piedras 2009–2010
# Livorno Hills

The Livorno Hills (also known as Leghorn Hills, or in Italian as the Colline Livornesi) is a hill range in Tuscany, included in the municipalities of Livorno, Collesalvetti and Rosignano Marittimo, and in the Province of Livorno. Due to its vicinity to the sea, the average height is quite low. The highest mountain is Poggio Lecceta ("Holms Knoll"), with an elevation of 462 m (1,516 feet) on the sea level. Other peaks, such as the Monte Maggiore ("Mount Major") or Poggio ai tre mulini ("Knoll of the Three Mills") are over 400 m (1,300 feet) high. Important villages on the Livorno Hills are the fractions of Valle Benedetta (Livorno), Nibbiaia and Gabbro (Rosignano Marittimo), and Rosignano Marittimo too, which is situated on the homonymous knoll at a height of 142 m (466 feet). Many streams, although the weather is quite dry in the summer, run down from the Leghorn Hills. The longest is known as Rio Ugione, on the border between Livorno and Collesalvetti municipalities.
A natural park called Riserva naturale Calafuria is set in the part of the Livorno Hills near the coast.
# General Kerr

General Kerr may refer to:
* Clayton P. Kerr (1900–1977), U.S. Army major general
* James Taggart Kerr (1859–1949), U.S. Army brigadier general
* John Brown Kerr (1847–1928), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Joseph Kerr (1765–1837), Ohio Volunteers brigadier general
* Lord Mark Kerr (British Army officer, born 1676) (1676–1752), British Army general
* Lord Mark Kerr (British Army officer, born 1817) (1817–1900), British Army general
* Mark Kerr (Royal Navy officer, born 1864) (1864–1944), Royal Air Force major general
* Seumas Kerr (born 1953), British Army major general
* William Kerr (British Army general) (died 1741), British Army lieutenant general
* William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian (1661–1722), Scottish Dragoons lieutenant general
* William Kerr, 4th Marquess of Lothian (1710–1775), Scottish Dragoons general
* William Kerr, 5th Marquess of Lothian (1737–1815). British Army general
# Virginia Guerrini

Virginia Guerrini (20 February 1871, Brescia – 26 February 1948, Brescia) was an Italian operatic mezzo-soprano. She made her professional opera debut at the Garibaldi Theatre in Treviso as Elsa in Richard Wagner's Lohengrin in 1889. The following year, she made her debuts at the Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi as Laura in La Gioconda, the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan as Adalgisa in Vincenzo Bellini's Norma, the Liceu in Ortrud in Lohengrin, and at the Teatro Regio in Turin as Loretta in Alberto Franchetti's Asrael.
In 1892, Guerrini made her debut at La Scala as Adalagisa. During her time at La Scala, she performed in several world premieres, including the role of Afra in Alfredo Catalani's La Wally (1892) and Meg Page in Falstaff (1893). Other roles she sang at La Scala included both Anacoana and Iguamota in Alberto Franchetti's Cristoforo Colombo, Emilia in Otello, Nefte in Ponchielli's Il figliuol prodigo. She also appeared in major opera houses in South America, Russia, Germany, Spain, and Portugal during her career.
After retiring from the stage in 1925, Guerrini taught singing in her native city of Brescia. She died there in 1948.
# Euterpe edulis

Euterpe edulis, commonly known as juçara, jussara (an archaic alternative spelling), açaí-do-sul or palmiteiro, is a palm species in the genus Euterpe. It is now predominantly used for hearts of palm. It is closely related to the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), a species cultivated for its fruit and superior hearts of palm. The larvae of Caligo brasiliensis are reported to feed on E. edulis.
Although it was formerly widely harvested in Brazil for hearts of palm, it is now uncommon in the wild and no longer harvested commercially due to past overharvesting. This could cause it to fall extinct.
# Sampurna

Saṃpūrṇa (संपूर्ण) is a Sanskrit word which means complete, entire, or whole.

## Person

* Sampurna Lahiri, Indian film and television actress
* Dedi Indra Sampurna, Indonesian footballer
* Sampurnanand, (1891–1969), Indian teacher and politician, second Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1954 until 1960

## Others

* Sampurna Nagar, a town in Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Sampurna raga, a raga in Indian classical music that has all seven swaras in their scale
* Sampurna Vikas Dal, a political party in the Indian state of Bihar
# Notakto

Notakto is a tic-tac-toe variant, also known as neutral or impartial tic-tac-toe. The game is a combination of the games tic-tac-toe and Nim, played across one or several boards with both of the players playing the same piece (an "X" or cross). The game ends when all the boards contain a three-in-a-row of Xs, at which point the player to have made the last move loses the game. However, in this game, unlike tic-tac-toe, there will always be a player who wins any game of Notakto.
Notakto is an impartial game, where the allowable moves depend only on the state of the game and not on which player is taking their turn. When played across multiple boards it is a disjunctive game. The game is attributed to professor and backgammon player Bob Koca, who is said to have invented the game in 2010, when his five-year-old nephew suggested playing a game of tic-tac-toe with both players as "X".

## Play

Notakto is played on a finite number of empty three-by-three boards. Then, each player takes turns placing an X on the board(s) in a vacant space (a space not occupied by an X already on the board). If a board has a three-in-a-row, the board is dead and it cannot be played on any more. When one player makes a three-in-a-row and there are no more boards to play on, that player loses.

## Optimal strategy

The optimal strategy for a single-board game of Notakto allows the first player to force a win. It is for the first player to play the center and then play a knight's move (two squares vertically and one square horizontally, or vice versa) away from the opponent's play. This strategy works because it makes a boot-like structure, which is called the boot trap. From the boot trap position the first player will be able to force a win.
With two boards, the second player should on their first move play in the center square of the empty board (the one with no Xs in it). Then, the second player sacrifices one of the boards (by making a three-in-a-row) if it is possible. Now, the game is a 1-board game of Notakto so the second player uses the knight's move or boot trap strategies to win.
From these two strategies, any game with more than two boards can always be won by the first player (on an odd number of boards) or by the second player (on an even number of boards).
# Videla

Videla is a surname of Spanish origin and may refer to:
* Jorge Rafael Videla (1925–2013), dictator of Argentina from 1976 to 1981
* Gabriel González Videla (1898–1980), President of Chile from 1946 to 1952
* Mario Videla (born 1962), Argentine footballer
* Chantal Videla (born 2002), Filipino-Argentine actress and member of K-pop girl group Lapillus