OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waterwijk

Waterwijk (also: Gemeente Waterleiding Terrain) is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands built on the site of the Amsterdam municipal waterworks on the corner of Haarlemmerweg and Van Hallstraat in Amsterdam-West. In this neighborhood, an ecodistrict has been implemented.
In the 6-hectare neighborhood, cars may only access the parking areas for the apartment buildings from the streets that form the edges of the neighborhood; all of the inner areas of the neighborhood are car-free.
# Wattle Bank, Victoria

Wattle Bank is a locality located in Bass Coast Shire in Victoria, Australia.
# Wattle Flat, New South Wales

Wattle Flat is a locality in the Bathurst Region of New South Wales, Australia. It had a population of 257 people as of the 2016 census. There is a small village of the same name, near the confluence of Big Oaky Creek and its tributary Solitary Creek.
The area now known as Wattle Flat is on the traditional land of Wiradjuri people.
Gold was discovered around Wattle Flat in 1851. The area had both alluvial and quartz reef gold mining. The area known as Red Bank, 3.2 km south of Wattle Flat, had rich alluvial workings. Significant gold mining activities continued in the area up until around the years of the First World War. There was minor revival when unemployed people sought gold in the area during the Great Depression. The longest-lived of the reef mines, the Big Oaky Mine operated between 1877 and 1937.
It is said that, at the peak of the gold boom, the area had a population of 20,000 and Wattle Flat had ten hotels, four large stores and several smaller ones. By 1932, the population had fallen to around 400. The last of the hotels, the Royal Hotel, was destroyed by fire in 1931 and was not rebuilt.
There has been a public school at Wattle Flat since 1858. From 1876 to until 1958, there was also a convent school—St. Joseph's—run by the Sisters of St. Joseph. Wattle Flat has Anglican, Catholic, and Uniting church buildings. The Anglican church is now a private residence. There are separate Anglican, Catholic, and Uniting Church cemeteries, each of which is adjacent to the associated church. On Limekilns Road, there is also a general cemetery that was dedicated in 1884, but little used.
Wattle Flat has a general store that also has a post office agency,
The Wattle Flat Heritage Lands—the former common, consisting of two areas; one just to the north and one just to the south of the village—is set aside for environmental protection and public recreation (bush walking). it is administered by a trust. The village has a nine-hole golf course, located within the land of its racecourse. The racecourse land was dedicated in 1899. From 1983 to 2019, the Wattle Flat Progress Association hosted a bush race meeting called the "Bronze Thong Festival". The village also has a tennis court and recreation hall.
# Wellington Council

Wellington Council was a local government area in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The former area is located adjacent to the Macquarie River and the Mitchell Highway.
A 2015 review of local government boundaries recommended that the Wellington Council merge with the City of Dubbo to form a new council with an area of 7,536 square kilometres (2,910 sq mi) and support a population of approximately 51,000. Following an independent review, on 12 May 2016, the Minister for Local Government announced the dissolution of the Wellington Shire Council and the Dubbo City Council, together with the establishment of the Western Plains Regional Council with immediate effect.
The former Wellington Council area included Wellington, Maryvale, Geurie, North Yeoval, Dripstone, Mumbil, Stuart Town and Euchareena.

## Council
### Former composition and election method

Prior to its dissolution, Wellington Council was composed of nine councillors elected proportionally as a single ward. All councillors were elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor was elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The most recent election was held on 8 September 2012, and the makeup of the former council was as follows:
| Party | Party | Councillors |
| | Independents | 9 |
| | Total | 9 |
The final Council, elected in 2012 and dissolved in 2016, in order of election, was:
| Councillor | Party | Notes |
| Anne Jones | Independent | Mayor |
| Pip Smith | Independent | |
| Mark Griggs | Independent | |
| David Grant | Independent |
| Rod Buhr | Independent |
| Graham Cross | Independent | Deputy Mayor |
| Terry Dray | Independent | |
| Marcus Hanney | Independent | |
| Alison Conn | Independent | |
# Weeks House

Weeks House may refer to:
in the United States (by state then city)
* Weeks House (Brooksville, Florida)
* Weeks–Kimbrough House, Talbotton, Talbot County, Georgia
* Barzillai Weeks House, Barnstable, Barnstable County, Massachusetts
* Kotthoff-Weeks Farm Complex, Hermann, Gasconade County, Missouri
* Weeks House (Greenland, New Hampshire), Rockingham County
* Weeks Estate, Lancaster, Coos County, New Hampshire
* Charles M. Weeks House, Huntington, Suffolk County, New York
* Weeks House, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wichita County, Texas
* Charles H. Weeks House, Salt Lake City, Utah
* John C. Weeks House (better known as the Whittemore House (Washington, D.C.))
# Wenquan Township, Yunnan

Wenquan Township (simplified Chinese: 温泉乡; traditional Chinese: 溫泉鄉; pinyin: Wēnquán Xiāng; lit. 'hot springs') is a township in Changning County in western Yunnan province, China. As of 2011, it has 10 villages under its administration.
# Wenrich

Wenrich may refer to:
* Wenrich of Trier (eleventh century), a German ecclesiastico-political writer
* Bart Wenrich, American television producer
* Percy Wenrich (1880–1952), an American composer of ragtime and popular music
# Wemmershoek Dam

Wemmershoek Dam is a rock-fill type dam located on the Wemmershoek River near Franschhoek and Paarl in South Africa. It was constructed between 1953 and 1957 on behalf of the City of Cape Town. With a reservoir capacity of 58,644 megalitres (2,071.0×10^$^6$ cu ft), it provides approximately 6.5% of the storage capacity of the Western Cape Water Supply System which supplies Cape Town and surrounding areas.

## History

As early as 1882 the Cape Colony's hydrographic surveyor reported on the potential of the Wemmershoek valley for water supply. In 1899 the municipal council of Woodstock, then an independent suburb of Cape Town, began purchasing land at Wemmershoek with the aim of building a reservoir. In 1907 the councils of Woodstock, Mowbray, Rondebosch and Claremont obtained a private bill from the colonial parliament authorising the construction of a small dam at Wemmershoek.
In 1913 the four suburban councils were incorporated into the City of Cape Town, which took over their rights at Wemmershoek. Water shortages demanded that Cape Town, which had until then relied on water supplies from Table Mountain, find a source of water from outside the Cape Peninsula. The two leading candidates were the Wemmershoek catchment and the Steenbras catchment in the Hottentots Holland mountains. A ratepayers' referendum decided on Steenbras which led to the construction of the Steenbras Dam starting in 1918.
After the Second World War, with the growth of Cape Town's urban population, the city again needed to find an additional water supply. The Wemmershoek scheme was revived, and a new private bill was passed by Parliament in 1951 for the construction of a larger dam. Construction began in 1953 and was completed in 1957.

## Characteristics

The dam wall is of rock-fill type with a clay core. It is 518 metres (1,699 ft) long and 55 metres (180 ft) tall at its highest point. The dam impounds a reservoir of 58,644 megalitres (2,071.0×10^$^6$ cu ft) capacity which, when full, covers an area of 296 hectares (730 acres). Its catchment area in the Wemmershoek Mountains covers an area of 86 square kilometres (33 sq mi). An intake tower draws water into a pipeline which supplies a water treatment plant at the foot of the dam. Releases of water into the Wemmershoek River are by way of a gate-controlled spillway with a maximum flow of 1,065 cubic metres per second (37,600 cu ft/s).
# Weser (disambiguation)

Weser is a river in Northwestern Germany.
Weser may also refer to:

## Rivers

* Kleine Weser and Werdersee, part of the river Weser until 1968
* Weser (Ourthe) (French name Vesdre), a river in Belgium and Germany

## Other uses

* AG Weser, a former German shipbuilding company
* Don Weser (born 1937), retired Australian Test cricket match umpire
* SS Weser (disambiguation), several ships
# Westerberg (Baumberge)

The Westerberg, also called the Westerather Berg, is, at 187.6 m above sea level (NN), the highest elevation in the Baumberge hills and the German region of Münsterland. It is located in this small range of hills between the three villages of Billerbeck, Havixbeck, and Nottuln.

## Longinus Tower

On the summit of the Westerberg, which is in places only sparsely wooded, stands the Longinus Tower (Longinusturm), an observation tower about 30 m high that was built by the Baumberge Society between 1897 and 1901. It is made of Baumberge Lime Sandstone.

## Views

The Longinus Tower, which can usually be climbed all year round, dominates the Baumberge and is its chief attraction. From its observation deck, which requires a head for heights, there is often a good, panoramic view over the Baumberge and the countryside surrounding this hill country in western Münsterland. From here visitors can see the Teutoburg Forest (to the northeast), the aforementioned villages, the Emsland (to the north), the Westphalian Basin (to the east), the Sauerland (to the southeast), the Ruhrgebiet (to the south), the Bergen hills and even the Netherlands (to the west).
The tower, which can be accessed by road from the surrounding villages, is a good start and end point for walks, short or long, for example into the valley of the Stever. On clear days, hundreds of walkers, cyclists, motorcyclists and car drivers gather, not only to stop at the cafe, but also to enjoy the views.

## Baumbergschnecke

The Café Longinus by the tower describes itself as "the highest cafe in the Münsterland". From here there are tours on an observation bus, the Baumbergschnecke ("Baumberge Snail") that crawls through the wooded countryside at 6 km/h. It is a veteran bus that has been converted and extended into a sightseeing bus.

## Local places of interest

* Hülshoff Castle (Burg Hülshoff)
* Baumberge Sandstone Museum (Baumberger Sandsteinmuseum)
* Holtwicker Ei
* Varlar Castle (Schloss Varlar)
* Darfeld Water Castle (Wasserschloss Darfeld)
* the historic village centre of Nottuln
# Westerbeck

Westerbeck may refer to several places:

## In Lower Saxony

* Westerbeck (Ebersdorf), a village in Ebersdorf, Lower Saxony
* Westerbeck (Osterholz-Scharmbeck), a village in Osterholz-Scharmbeck
* Westerbeck (Sassenburg), a village in Sassenburg

## In North Rhine-Westphalia

* Westerbeck (Lienen), a village in Lienen
* Westerbeck (Westerkappeln), a village in Westerkappeln
# Western Shugden Society

The Western Shugden Society (or WSS) was a campaign group that advocates Dorje Shugden, and which dissolved itself, along with its parent organisation, the International Shugden Community, after a 2015 Reuters investigation determined that the religious sect had the backing of the Chinese Communist Party and had emerged as an instrument in Beijing’s long campaign to undermine support for the Dalai Lama.

## Aims

According to their website, the aims of the WSS are
* To free practitioners who rely upon the enlightened deity Dorje Shugden and their families from suffering;
* To restore peace and harmony between Shugden and non-Shugden practitioners;
* To re-establish the common spiritual activities of Shugden and non-Shugden practitioners in Tibetan monasteries;
* To free Buddhism from pollution by politics

## Academic views

Robert Barnett of Columbia University is critical of the WSS:
   I also made it clear that the Western Shugden group's allegations are problematic: they are akin to attacking the Pope because some lay Catholics somewhere abuse non-believers or heretics. The Western Shugden Group is severely lacking in credibility, since its form of spirit-worship is heterodox, provocative and highly sectarian in Buddhist terms and so more than likely to be banned from mainstream monasteries – while its claimed concerns about cases of discrimination in India should be addressed by working within the Tibetan community instead of opportunistically attacking the Dalai Lama in order to provoke misinformed publicity for their sect.

## Dissolution

A 2015 Reuters investigation determined "that the religious sect behind the protests has the backing of the Communist Party" and that the "group has emerged as an instrument in Beijing’s long campaign to undermine support for the Dalai Lama". After the Reuters investigation revealed that China backs it, the International Shugden Community halted operations and disbanded.
# Western Shoshone traditional narratives

Western Shoshone traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Western Shoshone people of eastern California and western Nevada.
Western Shoshone oral literature shares many of its narratives with the Western Shoshone's Numic kinsmen in the Great Basin, the Mono, Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, and Kawaiisu. (See also Traditional narratives (Native California).)

## Sources for Western Shoshone Narratives

* Steward, Julian H. 1936. "Myths of the Owens Valley Paiute". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:355-440. Berkeley. (Four Lone Pine Shoshone myths including Theft of Fire, pp. 434-436.)
* Steward, Julian H. 1943. "Some Western Shoshoni Myths". Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 136:249-299. Washington, D.C. (Myths from Saline Valley, Panamint Valley, and Death Valley, including Theft of Fire, collected in 1935.)
* Zigmond, Maurice. 1980. Kawaiisu Mythology: An Oral Tradition of South-Central California. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 18. Menlo Park, California. (Five Panamint myths, including Theft of Fire, collected from Panamint George, Andy Shoshone, and Johnnie Shoshone in the 1930s, pp. 221-236.)
# What If (Colbie Caillat song)

"What If" is a song recorded by American recording artist Colbie Caillat. It was written by Caillat, Rick Nowels and Jason Reeves, and produced by John Shanks. The song was released as a promotional single from the soundtrack of the film Letters to Juliet and later was included on her third studio album All of You.

## Background and reception

"What If" was included on the soundtrack of the film Letters to Juliet, on May 14, 2011 as a "brand new track", alongside her other song "You Got Me", which is on her second album Breakthrough. Only, on July 12, 2011, the song was included on her third studio album All of You. Gary Graff wrote for Billboard that "it's hard to not appreciate the smooth craft of the song".

## Chart performance

Due to strong digital downloads when the album was released, the song debut at number 47 on the Hot Digital Songs chart and at number 77 on the Billboard Hot 100.

## Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 77 |
# West of Abilene

West of Abilene is a 1940 American Western film directed by Ralph Ceder and written by Paul Franklin. The film stars Charles Starrett, Marjorie Cooley, Bruce Bennett, William Pawley, Don Beddoe and George Cleveland. The film was released on October 21, 1940, by Columbia Pictures.

## Cast

* Charles Starrett as Tom Garfield
* Marjorie Cooley as Judith Burnside
* Bruce Bennett as Frank Garfield
* William Pawley as Chris Matson
* Don Beddoe as Forsyth
* George Cleveland as Bill Burnside
* Forrest Taylor as Sheriff
* William Kellogg as Deputy
* Bob Nolan as Bob
* Francis Walker as Bat
* Eddie Laughton as Poke
* Vester Pegg as Kennedy
* Bud Osborne as Wilson
# Estedt

Estedt is a village and a former municipality in the district Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Gardelegen.
# Cyperus megalanthus

Cyperus megalanthus is a species of sedge that is native to southern parts of North America and parts of Central America.
# Euthria somalica

Euthria somalica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.

## Description

The size of the shell attains 71 mm. The Euthria somalica ranges in shades of brown, inside a swirled shell.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Somalia.
# Rove

Rove may refer to:

## Places

* Le Rove, a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France
* Rove, Honiara, a suburb of Honiara, Solomon Islands
* Rove, Vojnik, a settlement in the hills east of Frankolovo in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia
* Rove, Zagorje ob Savi, a village northwest of Zagorje ob Savi in central Slovenia
* Rove Formation, geological formation in upper northeastern part of Cook County, Minnesota, United States, extending into Ontario, Canada
* Rove Tunnel, a canal tunnel in France that connected Marseille to the Rhône river opened in 1927 and closed in 1963.

## People

* Rove McManus (born 1974), Australian TV and radio host
** Rove (TV series), formerly Rove Live, was an Australian television variety show
** Rove Live Radio, Australian radio programme from 2002 to 2004 hosted by Rove McManus
** Rove LA, Australian television comedy talk show set in Los Angeles
* Karl Rove (born 1950), American political strategist
* Kristiina Rove (born 1990), Finnish alpine ski racer
* Olavi Rove (1915–1966), Finnish gymnast and Olympic champion

## Others

* Rove beetle, members of the short-winged beetle family Staphylinidae
** Pictured rove beetle (Thinopinus pictus), wingless rove beetle which lives on the West Coast of the United States from southern Alaska to Baja California
* Rove goat, a breed of goat
* Rove Digital, Estonian IT company which gained fame as a producer of copious amounts of spam, and as a major distributor of trojans
* Rove, the past participle of the verb "reeve", a nautical term meaning to thread a line through blocks in order to gain a mechanical advantage
# Sea shepherd

In word usage as on some islands (Isles of Scilly, Hebrides) a sea shepherd is a person who keeps sheep on one or more of the grassy uninhabited outlying islands, and once a year visits those islands in a boat to take away the year's breeding increase.
# Triboldingerbohl

Triboldingerbohl, also known as Triboltingen or großes Bohl or Langenrain, is the fourth largest island of Lake Constance, with an area of 0.13557 square kilometres (0.05234 sq mi). It is 780 meters (2,560 ft) long and up to 230 meters (750 ft) wide. It is located in the easternmost part of the Untersee (Lake Constance), near the point where the Seerhein flows into the lake. This part of the lake is also known as the Rheinsee. It belongs to the Wollmatinger Ried nature conservation area; administratively it belongs to the district industrial area of the City of Constance. Until 1934, it belonged to the municipality of Wollmatingen, which was then annexed by Constance. Triboldingerbohl lies 2.1 km (1.3 mi) southeast of Reichenau Island and 1.6 km (0.99 mi) from the dam that connects Reichenau to the mainland. The area between Triboldingerbohl island and the Reichenau dam is called Ermatinger pool and is an ecologically important shallow-water zone.
Triboldingerbohl is uninhabited. It is a bird sanctuary. It takes its name from the former Swiss municipality Triboltingen, which was located on the southern shore of Lake Untersee. Between Triboldingerbohl and the mainland lies the smaller island of Mittler Bohl, also known as Langbohl. The two islands are separated by a channel which is only 30 to 50 meters (98 to 164 ft) wide. This channel and the channel separating Langbohl from the mainland are collectively known as Schläuche ("tubes").
Both island are covered with reeds. They consist of a several meters thick layer of Schnegglisand, a calcareous deposits from Blue-green algae), which is covered by a layer of humus.
Although the island is uninhabited, it is listed in the Constance street directory. It falls under postal code 78467 (Constance-Wollmatingen).

## Footnotes

* ↑ Street directory: Triboldingerbohl (Island)
* This Baden-Württemberg location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Fragment antigen-binding region

The fragment antigen-binding region (Fab region) is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain. The variable domain contains the paratope (the antigen-binding site), comprising a set of complementarity-determining regions, at the amino terminal end of the monomer. Each arm of the Y thus binds an epitope on the antigen.

## Preparation

In an experimental setting, Fc and Fab fragments can be generated in the laboratory. The enzyme papain can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and an Fc fragment. Conversely, the enzyme pepsin cleaves below the hinge region, so the result instead is a F(ab')$_2$ fragment and a pFc' fragment. Recently another enzyme for generation of F(ab')$_2$ has been commercially available. The enzyme IdeS (Immunoglobulin degrading enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes, trade name FabRICATOR) cleaves IgG in a sequence specific manner at neutral pH. The F(ab')$_2$ fragment can be split into two Fab' fragments by mild reduction.
* Heavy and light chains, variable and constant regions of an antibody.
* An antibody digested by papain yields three fragments: two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment
* An antibody digested by pepsin yields two fragments: a F(ab')$_2$ fragment and a pFc' fragment
The variable regions of the heavy and light chains can be fused together to form a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), which is only half the size of the Fab fragment, yet retains the original specificity of the parent immunoglobulin.

## Applications
### Therapeutics

Fabs have seen some therapeutic use in emergency medicine as an antidote. Marketed applications include digoxin immune fab and Crofab, a mixture of Fabs for rattlesnake bites. Fabs against colchicine and tricyclic antidepressants has also been produced but are yet to see approval. Compared to whole non-human antibodies, Fab' and F(ab')$_2$ antibodies are less likely to trigger anaphylaxis, as the species-related Fc region is removed.
Fabs are a common form-factor for monoclonal antibodies designated for therapeutic use. The Fab abciximab, which inhibits blood clotting, works by disabling glycoprotein IIb/IIIa found on platelets. Ranibizumab, a treatment for macular degeneration, targets vascular endothelial growth factor A, a protein involved in the growth of blood vessels. Certolizumab pegol is a Fab chemically linked to PEG, and it treats various inflammatory disorders by binding away TNFα.

### Diagnostics

Fab antibodies also have diagnostic use. Arcitumomab is a mouse antibody that recognizes carcinoembryonic antigen, an antigen over-expressed in 95% of colorectal cancers. It is conjugated to a radioactive element, which will label the tumors when viewed with single-photon emission computed tomography. Sulesomab, an antigen that recognizes proteins on the surface of granulocytes, is used to label out infections, again using the $^{99m}$Tc isotope.
Fab fragments are often fused to small proteins (<100 kDa) that have lower scattering, resulting in images with less contrast.
# Río Salado darter

The Río Salado darter (Etheostoma segrex) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is endemic to the Río Salado and its tributaries in Mexico. It inhabits unvegetated river bottoms with moderate turbulence over gravel and small cobble substrate. This species can reach a length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in).