OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# List of ship decommissionings in 1993

The list of ship decommissionings in 1993 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1993.
| | Operator | Ship | Class and type | Fate |
| 28 February | Royal Navy | Sirius | Leander-class frigate | Sunk as target in 1998 |
| 31 March | Royal Navy | Argonaut | Leander-class frigate | Sold as scrap |
| 31 March | Hellenic Navy | Katsonis | Tench-class submarine | |
| June | Royal Navy | Andromeda | Leander-class frigate | Sold to India in 1995 |
| 25 June | Russian Navy | Groznyy | Project 58 Groznyy-class cruiser | Scrapped |
| 30 June | Russian Navy | Admiral Fokin | Project 58 Groznyy-class cruiser | Scrapped |
| 30 June | Russian Navy | Admiral Isakov | Project 1134A Berkut A cruiser | Scrapped |
| 30 June | Russian Navy | Admiral Oktyabrsky | Project 1134A Berkut A cruiser | Scrapped |
| 30 June | Russian Navy | Kiev | Kiev-class aircraft carrier | Sold to a Chinese company in 1996 |
| 30 June | Russian Navy | Vasily Chapaev | Project 1134A Berkut A cruiser | Scrapped |
| 10 July | United States Navy | Ranger | Forrestal-class aircraft carrier | Scrapped |
| 31 July | United States Navy | Iwo Jima | Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship | Scrapped |
| 23 August | Royal Navy | Kellington | Ton-class minesweeper | Handed over to the Sea Cadets |
| 10 September | United States Navy | Forrestal | Forrestal-class aircraft carrier | Scrapped |
| 15 September | Hellenic Navy | Kanaris | Themistoklis-class destroyer | Scrapped |
| 27 September | Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | Teruzuki | Akizuki-class destroyer | |
| 30 September | Royal Navy | Amazon | Amazon-class frigate | Recommissioned by Pakistan as PNS Babur |
| 3 December | Royal Canadian Navy | Mackenzie | Mackenzie-class destroyer | Scuttled as an artificial reef 1995 |
| 3 December | Royal Canadian Navy | Yukon | Mackenzie-class destroyer | Scuttled as an artificial reef 2000 |
| 7 December | Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | Akizuki | Akizuki-class destroyer | |
| December | Royal Navy | Scylla | Leander-class frigate | Sunk as artificial reef in 2004 |
| Date uncertain | Pakistan Navy | Babur | County-class destroyer | Scrapped |

## Citations

* ↑ Friedman, p. 338
# Gmina Jeziorany

Gmina Jeziorany is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jeziorany, which lies approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The gmina covers an area of 213.51 square kilometres (82.4 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,140 (out of which the population of Jeziorany amounts to 3,376, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,764).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Jeziorany, Gmina Jeziorany contains the villages and settlements of Derc, Franknowo, Jeziorany-Kolonie, Kalis, Kiersztanowo, Kikity, Kostrzewy, Kramarzewo, Krokowo, Lekity, Miejska Wieś, Modliny, Olszewnik, Pierwągi, Piszewo, Polkajmy, Potryty, Radostowo, Studnica, Studzianka, Tłokowo, Ustnik, Wilkiejmy, Wójtówko, Wólka Szlachecka, Żardeniki and Zerbuń.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Jeziorany is bordered by the gminas of Barczewo, Biskupiec, Bisztynek, Dobre Miasto, Dywity, Kiwity, Kolno and Lidzbark Warmiński.
# Nicolaj Kopernikus

Nicolaj Kopernikus (born Nicolaj Christiansen, 9 August 1967 in Glostrup) is a Danish actor most famous for his portrayal of Vagn Skærbæk in the first series of the crime drama series The Killing. Kopernikus won a Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in The Bench.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2000 | The Bench | Stig |
| 2004 | In Your Hands | Henrik |
| 2005 | Dark Horse | |
| 2010 | Olsen Gang Gets Polished | Benny Frandsen |
| 2011 | The Reunion | Niels |
| 2012 | A Caretaker's Tale | Viborg |
TV :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2007 | The Killing | Vagn Skærbæk | Series 1 |
| 2011 | The Bridge | Ole | Series 1 episode 2 |
| 2014 | Midsomer Murders | Thomas Madsen | Series 16 episode 5 (The Killings at Copenhagen) |
# Gmina Jodłownik

Gmina Jodłownik is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Jodłownik, which lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-west of Limanowa and 39 km (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Kraków.
The gmina covers an area of 72.43 square kilometres (28.0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 8,050.

## Villages

Gmina Jodłownik contains the villages and settlements of Góra Świętego Jana, Janowice, Jodłownik, Kostrza, Krasne-Lasocice, Mstów, Pogorzany, Sadek, Słupia, Szczyrzyc, Szyk and Wilkowisko.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Jodłownik is bordered by the gminas of Dobra, Łapanów, Limanowa, Raciechowice, Tymbark and Wiśniowa.
# G16

G16 may refer to:

## Vehicles

* ARM Gutiérrez Zamora (G16), an Auk-class minesweeper of the Mexican Navy
* EMD G16, an American diesel locomotive
* Grumman G-16, an American biplane design later developed into the Grumman F4F monoplane
* HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes (G16), an N-class destroyer of the Royal Dutch Navy
* LSWR G16 class, a British steam locomotive

## Other uses

* Canon PowerShot G16, a digital camera
* County Route G16 (California)
* G16 Dandong–Xilinhot Expressway in China
* Suzuki G16 engine, an automobile engine
# Gaspard Thémistocle Lestiboudois

Gaspard Thémistocle Lestiboudois (12 October 1797, Lille – 22 November 1876, Paris) was a French naturalist. He was the son of botanist François Joseph Lestiboudois (1759-1815) and the grandson of Jean-Baptiste Lestiboudois (1715-1804), a professor of botany at the Faculty of Lille.
In 1818, he obtained his doctorate of medicine in Paris. In 1835 he conducted research of the plague in Algeria. As a passenger on a train, he was involved in a terrible accident at Rœux; despite being injured, he attended to the wounds of other victims.
In August 1868 he was chosen commander of the Legion of Honour.

## Written works

Known for his early investigations of phyllotaxis, in 1848 he published Phyllotaxie anatomique. Other noted works by Lestiboudois include:
* Essai sur la famille des Cypéracées, 1819 - Essay on the family Cyperaceae.
* Études sur l'anatomie et la physiologie des végétaux, Paris : Treuttel et Wurtz, 1840 - Studies on the anatomy and physiology of plants.
* Économie pratique des nations, ou Système économique applicable aux différentes contrées, et spécialement à la France, 1847
* Voyage en Algérie, ou Études sur la colonisation de l'Afrique française, 1853 - Voyage to Algeria; studies on the colonization of French Africa.
# Farmers Bank Building

Farmers Bank Building may refer to:
* Farmers Bank Building (Leslie, Arkansas), listed on the NRHP in Arkansas
* Farmers Bank Building (Norborne, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in Missouri
* Farmers Bank Building (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), a former skyscraper
# Villanovilla

Villanovilla (in Aragonese Villanoviella) is a Spanish settlement belonging to the municipality of Jaca, in the Jacetania, province of Huesca, Aragon.

## Geography

Villanovilla is located in the lower part of the valley of the Ijuez river, a tributary of the Aragon river, in the Garcipollera.

## History

Unlike other towns in the valley, its urban center was reserved in property by its residents, when the State Forestry Patrimony acquired the land in the valley for reforestation. After years of depopulation, Villanovilla managed to save itself from abandonment, thanks to the rehabilitation of its houses.

## Demographics
### Settlement

Demographic data of Villanovilla since 1900:
Historical population of Villanovilla :
| Year | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2019 |
| Population | 75 | 72 | 73 | 60 | 52 | 48 | 30 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 12 |

### Former municipality

Demographic data of the municipality of Villanovilla since 1842:
Historical population of Villanovilla :
| Year | 1842 | 1857 | 1860 | 1877 | 1887 | 1897 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 |
| Population | 56 | 346 | 323 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
* Between the 1857 Census and the previous one, the municipality grew because it incorporated Acín and Larrosa.
* Between the 1877 Census and the previous one, this municipality disappeared because it changed its name and appeared as the municipality of Acín.
* Data refer to the de jure population, except in the 1857 and 1860 Censuses, which refer to the de facto population.
# Spiky oreo

The spiky oreo (Neocyttus rhomboidalis) is an oreo of the genus Neocyttus, found in all southern oceans at depths of between 200 and 1,300 m. Its length is up to 40 cm.
# List of ship decommissionings in 1997

The list of ship decommissionings in 1997 includes a chronological list of all ships decommissioned in 1997.
| | Operator | Ship | Class and type | Fate | Other notes |
| 17 July | Russian Navy | Bodryy | Project 1135 guard ship | Scrapped | Kaliningrad |
| 1 August | Royal Navy | Peacock | Peacock-class patrol vessel | Transferred to Philippine Navy | |
| 1 August | Royal Navy | Plover | Peacock-class patrol vessel | Transferred to Philippine Navy | |
| 1 August | Royal Navy | Starling | Peacock-class patrol vessel | Transferred to Philippine Navy | |
| 1 October | French Navy | Clemenceau | Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier | Scrapped Hartlepool 2009-10 | |
| 23 October | United States Navy | New Orleans | Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship | Sunk as target, 2010 | |

## Citations

* ↑ Friedman, p. 478
# Gargenville

Gargenville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France, 45 km to the center of Paris. It is part of the Parc naturel régional du Vexin français. With the neighborhing commune of Issou, it forms an urban area of around 10000 inhabitants.
Inhabitants are known in French as the Gargenvillois.

## History

The name Gargenville is referenced as Gargen villam in 1164, Gargenvilla in 1249, Girgenville in 1265, Gargenville in 1429. It comes from the gallic name Garganus and the gallo-romain suffix VILLA, "rural domain" (villa rustica in Latin).
Before the French Revolution, Gargenville was made of two fiefs, the domaine d'Hanneucourt and the Moufle de la Tuilerie. In 1790, they were merged to form the new commune, which then had 990 inhabitants.

## Economy

The "Aciérie et Laminoir de Paris", now Alpa Riva electric steelworks, and various industries, including industrial waste treatment centers and quarries.

## Transportation

Public transportation is provided by Transilien on the Paris Saint Lazare to Mantes Station via Conflans-Sainte-Honorine line.

## Geography
### Neighbouring communes

On the edge of the Seine, the territory is highly urbanized, in which residential areas and industries alternate. It forms an almost continuous agglomeration from Follainville-Dennemont in the west to Juziers in the east, and which continues beyond towards Meulan and Poissy. There are major communication routes: D191 departmental road, Paris-Mantes railway line on the north bank of the Seine, private or public port facilities, including the river-sea port of Limay-Porcheville which depends on the Autonomous Port of Paris.
This is where the industrial zones are located, notably with the Gargenville-Juziers cement plant, the Issou-Gargenville oil depot (ex-refinery), and the Porcheville thermal power plant.
The northern part of the canton, entirely included in the regional natural park, very wooded, more sparsely populated, is dedicated to traditional agriculture and forestry, crafts and tourism.
vtePlaces adjacent to Gargenville :
Guitrancourt
Brueil-en-Vexin
Oinville-sur-Montcient
Porcheville Issou
Gargenville
Juziers
Mézières-sur-Seine
Épône
Aubergenville :
# Gary Frank

Gary Frank may refer to:
* Gary Frank (actor) (born 1950), American actor
* Gary Frank (comics) (born 1969), British comics artist
# John Holland (actor, born 1899)

John Holland (June 11, 1899 – September 2, 1971) was an American actor who started his career as the male lead in two 1927 silents, Rich But Honest and The Secret Studio, but the advent of sound brought him a mix of occasional male leads, second leads and parts further down the cast list.

## Biography

John Holland was born James B. Holland in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He began acting in Hollywood films in 1926, billed as Clifford Holland in his earliest appearances. He later ascribed this to a casting director confusing him with his cousin, civil engineer Clifford Milburn Holland. He was best known for roles in the Pre-Code dramas Hell Harbor and She Goes to War. Holland was 33 years old at the time of his final film performance in a 10th-billed supporting role in 1932's The Silver Lining. He died in Laguna Beach, California in 1971 at the age of 72.

## Filmography

* Summer Bachelors (1926) as Martin Cole
* Rich But Honest (1927) as Bob Hendricks
* The Secret Studio (1927) as Sloan Whitney
* She Goes to War (1929) as Tom Pike
* Black Magic (1929) as John Ormsby
* The College Coquette (1929) as Coach Harvey Porter
* Guilty? (1930) as Bob Lee
* Hell Harbor (1930) as Bob Wade
* Ladies Must Play (1930) as Geoffrey
* The Eyes of the World (1930) as Aaron King
* Ladies' Man (1931) as Peyton Walden
* Defenders of the Law (1931) as Police Captain Bill Houston
* The Lady from Nowhere (1931) as John Conroy
* Grief Street (1931) as Jim Ryan
* Morals for Women (1931) as Paul Cooper
* The Silver Lining (1932) as Tommy
# Gary Garfinkel

Gary Garfinkel (September 25, 1962 – May 25, 2018) was an American television executive.

## Early life

Garfinkel graduated from Cinnaminson (NJ) High School in 1980 and from Boston University with a bachelor's degree in finance and the New York University Stern School of Business.

## Career

Garfinkel began his career at Salomon Brothers. He subsequently worked for Sony Pictures Entertainment, and he joined Showtime Networks in 1993. In 2012, he became co-head of its acquisitions department with Kent Sevener.

## Death

Garfinkel died on May 25, 2018, at the age of 55.
# John McFarlin

John Robert McFarlin (August 24, 1907 – September 26, 1947) was an American Negro league first baseman in the 1930s.
A native of Atlanta, Georgia, McFarlin played for the Atlanta Black Crackers in 1932. In three recorded games, he posted two hits in ten plate appearances. McFarlin died in Atlanta in 1947 at age 40.
# Gaspar Fernandes

Gaspar Fernandes (sometimes written Gaspar Fernández, the Spanish version of his name) (1566–1629) was a Portuguese-Mexican composer and organist active in the cathedrals of Santiago de Guatemala (present-day Antigua Guatemala) and Puebla de los Ángeles, New Spain (present-day Mexico).

## Life

Most scholars agree that the Gaspar Fernandes listed as a singer in the cathedral of Évora, Portugal, is the same person as the Gaspar Fernández who was hired on 16 July 1599 as organist and organ tuner of the cathedral of Santiago de Guatemala. In 1606, Fernandes was approached by the dignitaries of the cathedral of Puebla, inviting him to become the successor of his recently deceased friend Pedro Bermúdez as chapel master. He left Santiago de Guatemala on 12 July 1606, and began his tenure in Puebla on 15 September. He remained there until his death in 1629.

## Work

One of his most important achievements for posterity was the compilation and binding in 1602 of various choir books containing Roman Catholic liturgical polyphony, several of which are extant in Guatemala. These manuscripts contain music by Spanish composers Francisco Guerrero, Cristóbal de Morales, and Pedro Bermúdez; the latter was with Fernandes at the time in the cathedral of Guatemala. To complete these books, Fernandes composed a cycle of 8 Benedicamus Domino, the versicle that follows the Magnificat at vespers and certain Masses, one in each of the 8 ecclesiastical tones or modes. He also added his own setting of the Magnificat in the fifth tone, some faux bordon versicles without text, and a vespers hymn for the Feast of the Guardian Angels.
During his Puebla tenure, rather than focusing on the composition of Latin liturgical music, he contributed a sizable amount of vernacular villancicos for matins. This part of his output shows great variety in the handling of texts, which are in Spanish but also in pseudo-African dialects and Amerindian languages and occasionally Portuguese. One of these villancicos, "Xicochi," is notable for its use of Nahuatl, the language of the indigenous Nahua people. The music departs from 16th century counterpoint and reflects the new baroque search for textual expression. The main collection of these villancicos is extant in the Oaxaca Codex, and has been studied, edited, and published by Robert Stevenson and especially by Aurelio Tello.
# Gaspard Terrasson

Gaspard Terrasson (October 1680 – 2 January 1752) was a French Oratorian, teaching humanities and afterwards philosophy, and later a well-known preacher.

## Life

Terrasson was born at Lyon. His oratorical talents were revealed at Troyes, 1711, on delivering the funeral oration of the Dauphin, son of Louis XIV; but he did not devote himself to preaching till after the death in 1723 of his brother André Terrasson, when he fulfilled several engagements which the latter had made. For five years he preached at Paris, and finally delivered a Lenten course in the Church of Notre Dame.
He appealed repeatedly against the papal bull Unigenitus; he was the anonymous author of twelve "Lettres sur la justice chrétienne" (Paris, 1733), in which, to support the Jansenists whom the bishops deprived of the sacraments, he endeavoured to prove the inutility of sacramental confession. This work was condemned by the faculty of theology at Paris (1 Sept., 1734), and by the Archbishops of Sens and Embrun, as containing erroneous, schismatical and heretical assertions.
Terrasson had to leave the Oratory and abandon preaching. He withdrew to the Diocese of Auxerre where the bishop, Charles de Caylus [fr], a well-known Jansenist, confided to him the care of Treigni. But he was soon arrested (Oct., 1735) by the order of the king for his Jansenistic activities, and was confined during nine years either at Vincennes or with the Minims of Argenteuil. A belated retraction, the authenticity or sincerity of which has never been well established, was attributed to him. He was living in retirement with his family when he died at Paris.

## Works

A volume of his discourses appeared at Utrecht in 1733, but the first real edition was at Paris in 1744 (4 vols.). The sermons of the two brothers were reprinted by Migne in his "Collection des orateurs sacrés", XXIX (Paris, 1849).
# John Lambert (British Army officer, born 1817)

General John Arthur Lambert (30 September 1817 – 17 September 1887) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.
The son of the British Army General Sir John Lambert, he was born in France in September 1817. He was educated at Harrow School, where he played for the school cricket team. Following in the footsteps of his father, he joined the British Army as an ensign and lieutenant by purchase in the Grenadier Guards in July 1835. He later purchased the rank of lieutenant and captain in September 1840. Having played for Harrow at school level, Lambert played in two first-class cricket matches for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1842, against Cambridge University and Hampshire, with both matches played at Lord's. He scored 15 runs in his two matches, with a top score of 11.
In the Grenadier Guards, he was promoted by purchase to the ranks of captain and lieutenant colonel in November 1850. Lambert sat as a mourner for the Grenadier Guards at the funeral of the Duke of Wellington in November 1852. He was promoted to major, without purchase, in February 1859, before gaining the rank of lieutenant colonel without purchase in March 1861. A colonel by 1865, he was promoted to major-general in December 1864, before being promoted to lieutenant-general in May 1873. His final promotion to general came in August 1877. He was appointed Colonel of the 89th Regiment of Foot in April 1880, serving as the regiments final Colonel before it was amalgamated with the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1881. His duties as Regimental Colonel transferred to the Royal Irish Fusiliers 2nd Battalion. Lambert retired from active service in July 1881. He died at Thames Ditton in September 1887, unmarried.
# Gearing

Gearing may refer to:

## Engineering

* Gear ratio
* Mechanical advantage
* Gear train, an arrangement of gears

## Military

* Gearing family, whose members served in the US Navy
* USS Gearing (DD-710), a destroyer of the US Navy
* Gearing-class destroyer, a group of destroyers in the US Navy

## Other uses

* Leverage (finance), also known as gearing
* Ashley Gearing (born 1991), country music singer
* Chris Gearing (born 1986), British strongman
# Gemeinschaftsdiagnose

The Joint Economic Forecast (Gemeinschaftsdiagnose, GD) is a semiannual report that aims to analyze the German and the world economy, while also providing in-depth policy recommendations for the German Federal Government. Each publication comprises a projection for the current and following years, along with a special study of varying topics. First published in 1950, the GD is prepared by Germany's leading economic research institutes, which are members of the Leibniz Association.

## History

The GD, originally known as the Forecast, began in 1950 under the direction of six institutes, which were then members of the Association of German Economic Research Institutes (ARGE). It began in the years of post-World War 2 reconstruction as a means of facilitating Germany's reintegration into the global economy. The participating institutes until 2007 included:
* Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
* German Institute for Economic Research (DIW)
* Hamburg World Economic Archive (HWWA, until 2006)
* Ifo Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich (ifo)
* Institute for Economic Research Halle (IWH)
* Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI)
From 2007 to 2010, with the dissolution of the HWWA in 2006, the DIW also ceased publication of the report. The Federal Government had reservations about the efficiency of the institute due to the departure of experienced DIW employees. The GD was then published by:
* Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
* Ifo Institute for Economic Research (ifo)
* Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI)
* Business Center of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
* Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH)
* Macroeconomic Policy Institute (IMK)
* Austrian Institute for Economic Research (WIFO)
* Institute for Advanced Studies
From 2010 to 2013, three new institutes were added to the project: KOF Swiss Economic Institute at ETH Zurich and the Center for European Economic Research. In 2013, the latter left the group. After a series of dissolutions and departures, the five current institutes that write the report are:
* Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
* German Institute for Economic Research (DIW)
* Ifo Institute for Economic Research (ifo)
* Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (RWI)
* Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH)

## Publication

The GD is Germany's leading economic report that generates economic forecasts and produces policy recommendations. It is nominally produced by the Project Group Community Diagnosis (Institute der Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose), an independent group of economists from each represented economic institute. The results of the publication are subsequently discussed by representatives of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and Energy and the Federal Ministry of Finance and serve as the basis for their economic forecasts. Key areas of discussion in recent reports include free trade agreements, demographic changes in Germany, and tax reform.
# Gemmuloborsonia clandestina

Gemmuloborsonia clandestina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Turridae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 25 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the Philippines.