OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# (85713) 1998 SS49

(85713) 1998 SS$_{49}$ (provisional designation 1998 SS$_{49}$) is an asteroid on an eccentric orbit, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, approximately 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 29 September 1998, by astronomers of the LINEAR program at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site near Socorro, New Mexico, in the United States. It is one of the largest potentially hazardous asteroids and has a notably low Earth-MOID of less than the distance to the Moon.

## Orbit and classification

1998 SS$_{49}$ is a member of the dynamical Apollo group, which are Earth-crossing asteroids. Apollo asteroids are the largest subgroup of near-Earth objects.
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.7–3.2 AU once every 2 years and 8 months (975 days; semi-major axis of 1.92 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.64 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Socorro in September 1998.

### Close approaches

At about absolute magnitude 15.6, 1998 SS$_{49}$ is one of the brightest and presumably largest known potentially hazardous asteroid (see PHA-list). It has a very low Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.0023 AU (340 thousand km; 0.90 LD). On 26 November 1902, this asteroid made its closest near-Earth encounter since 1900 at a nominal distance of 0.0659 AU (9.86 million km; 25.6 LD). The next notable close approach was on 21 November 2022, passing at a nominal distance of 0.141 AU (21,100,000 km; 13,100,000 mi).
1998 SS$_{49}$ is also a Venus- and Mars-crosser, as it crosses the orbit of Venus and the Red Planet at c. 0.72 and 1.66 AU, respectively.

## Physical characteristics

1998 SS$_{49}$ is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

In 2014, two rotational lightcurves of 1998 SS$_{49}$ were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at the CS3–Palmer Divide Station in California (U82). Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.370 and 5.66 hours and a brightness variation of 0.18 and 0.06 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2), one of which gave an alternative period solution of 2.686±0.002 hours. In April 2016, the EURONEAR lightcurve survey measured a period of 5.398 hours with an amplitude of 0.12 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

Surveys contrast: of the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. These measure the object as between 2 and 3.484 kilometers lengthways (in diameter) and to have an albedo (optical wavelength reflectivity) between 0.076 and 0.237. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a stony typical albedo of 0.20 to calculate the diameter as 2.25 kilometers and an absolute magnitude of 15.6.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 30 August 2004. As of 2018, it has not been named.
# 't Kabel

't Kabel is a hamlet in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, and lies just southeast of Nieuw-Vennep and about 6 km southwest of Hoofddorp.
Kabel has a population of around 100.
# .net (disambiguation)

.net is a top-level domain on the Internet.
.net or .NET may also refer to:

## Science and technology
### Software frameworks

* .NET (formerly called .NET Core), an open-source cross platform software framework and successor to .NET Framework
* .NET Framework, a software framework by Microsoft
* .NET Standard, an implementation standard

### Other

* .net filename extension for a network configuration/info file
* net (magazine), formerly .net magazine
* .NET strategy, an unsuccessful marketing strategy of Microsoft from early 2000s
# Victor Oatis

Victor Oatis (born January 6, 1959) is a former American football wide receiver. He played for the Baltimore Colts in 1983.
Competing for the Northwestern State Demons track and field team, Oatis won the 1981 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 4 × 100 m, leading off a team with Joe Delaney, Mario Johnson, and Mark Duper.
# Galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase

Galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.145, galactan (1->3)-beta-D-galactosidase) is an enzyme with systematic name galactan 3-beta-D-galactosidase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans
This enzyme removes not only free galactose, but also 6-glycosylated residues.
# Galactarate dehydratase

The enzyme galactarate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.42) catalyzes the chemical reaction
    D-galactarate $\rightleftharpoons$ 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H$_2$O
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-galactarate hydro-lyase (5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate-forming). This enzyme is also called D-galactarate hydro-lyase. This enzyme participates in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
# 100 Days (2001 film)

100 Days is a 2001 drama film directed by Nick Hughes and produced by Hughes and Eric Kabera. The film is a dramatization of events that happened during the 1994 genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda. The title of the film is a direct reference to the length of time that passed from the beginning of the genocide on 6 April until it ended in mid-July 1994.
The film was the first feature film made about the 1994 genocide and focuses on the life of a young, refugee Tutsi girl and her attempts to find safety while the genocide is taking place. It was shot at locations where the Rwandan Genocide actually occurred.
Cast: Eric Bridges Twahirwa, Cleophas Kabasita, Davis Kagenza, Mazimpaka Kennedy, Davis Kwizera, David Mulwa, Didier Ndengeyintwali, Denis Nsanzamahoro, Justin Rusandazangabo
# Vermont, Wisconsin

Vermont is a town located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 871 at the 2020 Census. The unincorporated communities of Elvers and Vermont are located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.8 square miles (92.6 km$^2$), all of it land.

## Demographics

At the 2000 census there were 839 people, 298 households, and 241 families living in the town. The population density was 23.5 people per square mile (9.1/km$^2$). There were 312 housing units at an average density of 8.7 per square mile (3.4/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 97.85% White, 0.48% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.72% from other races, and 0.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.48%.
Of the 298 households 39.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.8% were married couples living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.8% were non-families. 12.8% of households were one person and 5.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.05.
The age distribution was 26.9% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 107 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101 males.
The median household income was $65,208 and the median family income was $70,750. Males had a median income of $42,132 versus $37,361 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,549. About 0.8% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Gabrielle Demeestere

Gabrielle Demeestere is a French filmmaker based in New York City.

## Film career

Demeestere attended New York University's MFA Film Program. While there she collaborated with James Franco and eleven other student filmmakers to co-direct The Color of Time, a film on the life of poet C.K. Williams that starred Franco, Mila Kunis and Jessica Chastain. The film premiered at the 2012 Rome Film Festival.
After working with Franco on The Color of Time he approached her about adapting two of his short stories from his collection A California Childhood. Demeestere adapted them into her thesis film Yosemite which premiered as the closing film at the 2015 Slamdance Film Festival. The film was later released in January 2016.

## Filmography

* The Color of Time (2012)
* Yosemite (2015)
# Viener

Viener is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* John Viener (born 1972), American actor, comedian, and writer
* Harry Viener (1868–1947), English military chaplain
# Victoria Francés

Victoria Francés (born October 25, 1982) is a Spanish illustrator.

## Life

Victoria Francés was born in Valencia, Spain on October 25, 1982. She spent part of her childhood in Galicia before returning to her hometown to earn her degree from the San Carlos School of Fine Arts, at the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
The first volume of the Favole trilogy became her first illustrated work to be published. Throughout the Favole trilogy (2004–07) are themes of Dark Romanticism, which are highly influenced by both the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and well-known works of Gothic art. Her work has received a number of awards.
Dark Horse became interested in Francés work, allowing it to be published in North America. She made her first public appearance at the XXII Barcelona Comic Convention. At the convention were calendars featuring her artwork, as well as other promotional merchandise, such as posters, puzzles, and tarot cards. In 2007, the course of her career took another direction with the publication of Arlene’s Heart (El Corazón de Arlene) by Planeta DeAgostini.
In 2009, she published the first volume in her Misty Circus series (Norma Editorial) based on the world of the travelling circus, but written for a younger audience. In the same year, Dark Sanctuary was published (Astiberri Ediciones), written in collaboration with Dark Sanctuary, a “Dark Atmospheric” band from France.
The second volume in the Misty Circus series is entitled The Night of the Witches (La Noche de las Brujas), published in 2010.
In 2011, the Favole trilogy was re-edited to create one single volume entitled Integral Favole (Norma Editorial), a compilation of the three books in addition to unpublished sketches and illustrations. In 2012, Ocean's Lament (El Lamento del Océano) was published, in which the author features a listless, spectral mermaid as the main protagonist..
Francés makes images for her merchandise, undertaking commissioned work and collaborating with other artists on works, including the illustration “Hekate” for the album “Luna” for the German Pagan Folk band, Faun, and the artwork for a project entitled "Naked Harp," which was made by the Pagan Folk band, Omnia.
At the end of 2014, Francés presented a new project named MandrakMoors in collaboration with the South Korean bjd doll company, FairyLand. For this project, the author decided to combine both the work of new character design, specifically of characters related to the world of witchcraft and pagan traditions, with the subsequent creation of bjd dolls, in partnership with FairyLand.

## Style

Francés and her style are inspired by the Gothic movement, and her work contains characters such as ghostly women wearing long dresses with vampirical attributes. Her illustrations tend to depict solitary characters, young women, or couples in a romantic or melancholic atmosphere. She is influenced by a number of writers, including Edgar Allan Poe, Anne Rice, Goethe, Baudelaire, Bram Stoker, as well as illustrators such as Brian Froud, Arthur Rackham, Edmund Dulac or Luis Royo and bands like Dark Sanctuary, whom she worked with in 2009.
# 1106 in Italy

Events during the year 1106 in Italy.

## Deaths

* John of Lodi
* Richard II of Capua

## Births

* Pope Celestine III

## Sources

* William of Apulia, The Deeds of Robert Guiscard Books One (pdf)
* Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
* Clarke, Peter D., The interdict in the thirteenth century: a question of collective guilt, Oxford University Press, 2007.
* Gregorovius, Ferdinand, History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages Volume IV, part 2 (translated from the 4th German edition by A. Hamilton) (London: George Bell 1896), pp. 625–638.
* Moore, John Clare, Pope Innocent III (1160/61–1216): to root up and to plant, BRILL, 2003.
* Mann, Horace K., The Lives of the Popes in the Middle Ages Volume X (London: Kegan Paul 1914), pp. 383–441.
* Sikes, Thomas Burr, History of the Christian Church, from the first to the fifteenth century, Eliott Stock, 1885.
* The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.1, Ed. David Luscombe, Jonathan Riley-Smith, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
* Urban, William, The Teutonic Knights, Greenhill Books, 2003.
* Pope Celestine III (1191-1198): Diplomat and Pastor, ed. Damian J. Smith, John Doran, Ashgate Publishing, 2008.
* This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 1108 in Italy

Events during the year 1108 in Italy.

## Events

* Bergamo is first mentioned as an independent republic.

## Deaths

* Enrico Contarini
* Gregory III, Count of Tusculum

## Sources

* Batty, Elizabeth Frances (1820). Italian Scenery: From Drawings Made in 1817. Rodwell & Martin. p. 169. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
* Cheney, David M. (21 August 2013). "Bishop Enrico Contarini". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
* Nicol, Donald M. (1992-05-07). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42894-1. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
* Ross, Kelley L. (2012). "Patriarchs of Aquileia, Grado, and Venice". Retrieved 2013-11-26.
* "Venice". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
* This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This year in Europe article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* e
# Gadiv Petrochemical Industries

Gadiv Petrochemical Industries Ltd. גדיב תעשיות פטרוכימיה בע"מ, is an Israeli petrochemical company, part of Bazan Group owned by Israel Corporation Ltd. Gadiv offices are located in Haifa, Israel. The company manufactures and markets over 500 thousand tons of petrochemical products each year including aromatics, aliphatic solvents and intermediates for the chemical, pharmaceutical, plastic and food industries. Gadiv is wholly owned by Oil Refineries Ltd.

## History

Gadiv was established in 1974 in order to serve the plastics and chemical markets in Israel and neighboring countries in the Mediterranean basin. The plant was planned to produce a nameplate capacity of 170,000 mt, started operating in 1978 in Haifa. Over the last 30 years, Gadiv's production capacity has grown due to major technological upgrades to more than 500,000 mt per year. Oil Refineries Ltd. established full ownership in 1994.

## Products

* Aromatics:
** Benzene
** Toluene
** Solvent Xylene
** Orthoxylene
** Paraxylene
** Solgad 100 - Aromatic Light
** Solvent Naphtha
** Solgad 150 - Aromatic Heavy
** Solvent Naphtha
** Solgad 200 - Aromatic Super
** Heavy Solvent Naphtha
* Aliphatic Solvents:
** Hexane
** ISO Hexane
** Heptane
** Tailor-Made Solvents
* Intermediates:
** Phthalic Anhydride
# Vihtori Viitanen

Viktor (Vihtori) Viitanen (18 November 1863, Honkilahti - 1918) was a Finnish prison officer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1908, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).
# Salt lists

During the American Civil War, the Union blockade interrupted the normal sources of salt for the Confederate states. Georgia, Alabama and other southern states began a rationing process to ensure fair distribution. Many of the states handed rationing responsibility to the county courts, which created salt lists of eligible families and the amounts of salt (calculated in 1/2 bushels) that they could receive.
The rationing programs did not provide the salt for free, except for widows of soldiers. Other families were required to pay, although families of serving soldiers and widowed mothers of soldiers were given special consideration.
# List of years in South Sudan

This is a list of years in South Sudan. See also the timeline of South Sudanese history. For only articles about years in South Sudan that have been written, see Category:Years in South Sudan.

## Twenty-first century
### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029
# Lozice, Vipava

Lozice (pronounced) is a village in the upper Vipava Valley, under the western slopes of Mount Nanos in the Municipality of Vipava in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

## Church

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Francis Xavier and belongs to the Koper Diocese.
# Vigeland

Vigeland may refer to:

## Places

* Vigeland, Norway, the administrative centre of Lindesnes municipality in Vest-Agder, Norway
* Vigeland installation, a complex of sculptures inside Frogner Park in Oslo, Norway
* Vigeland Museum, a museum in Oslo, Norway

## People

* Carl Vigeland (born 1947), an American writer and lecturer
* Daniel Vigeland (1847–1927), a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Liberal Party
* Emanuel Vigeland (1875–1948), a Norwegian artist
* Gustav Vigeland (1869–1943), a Norwegian sculptor
* Maria Vigeland (1903-1983), a Norwegian painter and sculptor
* Tone Vigeland (1938-), Norwegian gold/silversmith and jewelry designer
* Nils Vigeland (born 1950), an American composer and pianist
# John Louis Salkeld

John Louis Salkeld (January 21, 1858 – 1941) was a farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Moosomin in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1917 to 1925 as a Conservative and from 1925 to 1929 as an independent member.
He was born in Stratford, Canada West, the son of Joseph Salkeld and Eliza Seegmiller, and was educated there. In 1884, Salkeld married Ida Lang. He served as reeve of Spy Hill, Saskatchewan for four years.
# Eva Luna (disambiguation)

Eva Luna is a novel by Isabel Allende.
Eva Luna may also refer to:
* Eva Luna (album), a 1992 album by Moonshake
* Eva Luna (horse), an Irish racehorse
* Eva Luna (TV series), a 2010 telenovela
# Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes

The Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes is a movement comprising traditional and religious leaders from 21 African and Asian countries (such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Mali, Eritrea, Chad, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, and Mauritania). It was launched in 2006 in Timbuktu under the aegis of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.
In 2011, the society called for preservation of social ties with its neighboring countries.
# Gnjilan (Pirot)

Gnjilan (Serbian Cyrillic: Гњилан) is a village in the municipality of Pirot, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 2478 people.
# Go Home (film)

Go Home is a 2015 international co-production film directed by Jihane Chouaib.

## Cast

* Golshifteh Farahani - Nada
* Maximilien Seweryn - Sam
* Wissam Fares - Chadi
* Julia Kassar - Colette
* Mireille Maalouf - Nour
* François Nour - Jalal
* Mohamad Akil
# Gobiodon quinquestrigatus

Gobiodon quinquestrigatus, commonly known as the five-lined coral goby, is a species of goby. It occurs in the western Pacific from the Philippines to the Society Islands, north to Japan and south to Australia. It is normally found in monogamous pairs associating with corals of the genus Acropora. Its diet consists of small invertebrates and zooplankton. The female deposits the eggs on a coral branch which the male tends. They are able to change sex in whichever direction favours reproductive success. This species has a dark brown body colour with a lighter brown to reddish head which has five vertical blue lines, subadults have additional vertical lines on body.
# Pad Abort Test 1

Pad Abort Test 1 was the first abort test of the Apollo spacecraft on November 7, 1963.

## Objectives

Pad Abort Test 1 was a mission to investigate the effects on the Apollo spacecraft during an abort from the pad. The launch escape system (LES) had to be able to pull the spacecraft away from an exploding rocket on the launch pad. The LES then had to gain enough altitude to allow the command module's parachutes to open, preferably with the spacecraft over water and not land.
The flight featured a production model LES and a boilerplate (BP-06) Apollo spacecraft, the first mission to feature one. The spacecraft carried no instruments for measuring structural loads as the capsule's boilerplate structure did not represent that of a real spacecraft.

## Flight

On November 7, 1963, an abort signal was sent to the LES at 09:00:01 local time. This began a sequence in which the main solid rockets fired to lift the spacecraft and smaller altitude rockets fired to move it laterally toward the ocean.
The LES separated after 15 seconds, allowing the spacecraft to take a ballistic trajectory. The parachute system worked perfectly: the drogue chute stabilized the spacecraft, then the three main parachutes slowed the descent to a leisurely 26 kilometers per hour.
The only problems found with the flight were that the LES rockets left soot on the spacecraft exterior and the stability of the spacecraft was less than predicted.
# Ukpe-okhue

The ukpe-okhue (Edo for "parrot's beak") is a crown traditionally worn by the Iyoba (queen mother) of the Oba of Benin. It is formed of a snood-like net of precious coral beadwork, using ileke ("royal") cylindrical beads.
This type of crown was originated, and first worn, by the original queen mother Idia, the first woman granted the privilege to wear ileke beads.
Named after a parrot's beak, it is a pointed hat, with its shape somewhat resembling a Phrygian cap with its point curving forward.