OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hanna Kunath

Hanna Kunath (6 November 1909 - 18 February 1994) was a German pilot.

## Biography

Kunath first became interested in aviation when she visited Bremen Airport with her brother and father in 1922. 10 years later she and two other women enrolled in pilot training at the Bremen Academy of Aviation; the other women eventually withdrew from their studies and Kunath became Bremen's first woman pilot, graduating in 1934.
In the build-up to World War II aeroplanes in Germany were predominantly used for military training, and Kunath found it difficult to find aircraft to fly. Instead, in 1938, she took up gliding and founded a women's gliding group, which she led until 1943. With the outbreak of war, women were asked to transport aeroplanes or instruct pilots, however Kunath declined these positions. Instead she trained young women as pilots in Wildeshausen and Garstedt.
In 1951, following the end of the war, Kunath renewed her gliding license and in 1956 renewed her light aircraft licence. From 1968 she was involved in the Association of German Pilots, holding the position of press officer and chair of Lower Saxony, Hamburg and Bremen, and was a founding member of the Lauenburg Aero Club. She was also Governor of the German branch of the Féderation des Pilotes Européenes.
Kunath continued to fly into her later years, and at the age of 84 was named Germany's oldest pilot.

### Personal life

In 1955 Kunath married Werner Hübner.

### Recognition

Hanna-Kunath-Straße (Hanna-Kunath Street) in Bremen-Neustadt at Bremen Airport was named after her in 1995.
# Scythris shingwedziensis

Scythris shingwedziensis is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in South Africa (Limpopo).
# Glycoside hydrolase family 45

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 45 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.
Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.
Glycoside hydrolase family 45 CAZY GH_45 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). This family is also known as cellulase family K. The best conserved region in these enzymes is located in the N-terminal section. It contains an aspartic acid residue which has been shown to act as a nucleophile in the catalytic mechanism. This also has several cysteines that are involved in forming disulphide bridges.
# Giuseppe De Luigi

Giuseppe De Luigi (4 October 1908 in Bigarello – 8 February 1982 in Genoa) was an Italian artist (paintings, sculptures).

## Life

Giuseppe De Luigi was an Italian artist who drew his inspiration from a clever use of light and colours. He was born on 4 October 1908, in Stradella di Bigarello near Mantua
From his childhood, he shows a particular aptitude for drawing, he early tests his skill for watercolour, oil painting, wax and plaster sculptures.
In 1924 he attended Palazzo Ducale in Mantua where he studies the masterpieces of those great artists who operated there in the past, above all Andrea Mantegna, Giulio Romano. He learns the technique of fresco under the direction of important restorers.
From 1926 to 1930 he wins scholarships of the town-council of Bigarello and of the Institute Giuseppe Franchetti; in this way, he can follow painting courses in Firenze. At Fiesole, he learns the art of pottery in a workshop. At famous "Caffè Giubbe Rosse", a cafè in Florence where the Italian Futurist movement (Futurismo) blossomed, he met artists and intellectuals as Ardengo Soffici, Giovanni Papini e Piero Bargellini.
Coming back to Mantua, he begins his artistic life. In 1931 he exhibited two works at the "Prima Mostra Provinciale d’Arte"; in 1932 he is mentioned in the volume "Artisti" edited by "Libreria del Milione" 1932-XI, together with Manzù, Tomea, Sassu, Lorenzetti, Giorgi. In 1936 he opens a studio with the sculptor A. Seguri in Bellalancia Street.
In 1938, he marries Giulia Danesi and they have four children.
In 1943, the war forces the young family to move to Castel Goffredo. Later, in 1952, they come to Milan. De Luigi takes part in the cultural life of this town, becoming a protagonist of the 19th-century art: he attends art galleries, cultural institutions, he makes exhibitions, he is present to collective art shows, he is quoted in remarkable artistic publications, he is given awards and receives great appreciations. He dies on February 8, 1982 in Genoa. His works are still in great demand from critics and artistic institutions.
In the town where he was born, a considerable number of his paintings can now be seen and appreciated in museums and foundations, Bigarello public administration has dedicated the City Library to Giuseppe De Luigi. In 2013, thanks the collaboration of xDams organisation has started a project to create a digital archive with pictures, photos and documents about Giuseppe De Luigi
# 1993 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

The 1993 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 27th edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 5 September 1993. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Frans Maassen.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Frans Maassen (NED) | 4h 13' 00" |
| 2 | Herman Frison (BEL) | + 45" |
| 3 | Wilfried Peeters (BEL) | + 45" |
| 4 | Raymond Meijs (NED) | + 45" |
| 5 | Frank Corvers (BEL) | + 45" |
| 6 | Pierre Herinne (BEL) | + 1' 04" |
| 7 | Marc Patry (BEL) | + 1' 04" |
| 8 | Stéphane Hennebert (BEL) | + 1' 04" |
| 9 | Christian Henn (GER) | + 1' 04" |
| 10 | Rob Mulders (NED) | + 1' 04" |
# Wang Ke

Wang Ke may refer to:
* Wang Ke (Tang dynasty) (王珂), late-Tang military governor
* Wang Ke (general) (王克; born 1931), People's Liberation Army general
* Wang Ke (footballer) (王珂; born 1983)
# Sonakhali, Paschim Medinipur

Sonakhali is a village, in Daspur II CD Block in Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Location

Sonakhali is located at 22°33′12.0″N 87°46′14.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.553333°N 87.770611°E﻿ / 22.553333; 87.770611.

### Area overview

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, scholar, social reformer and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance, was born at Birsingha on 26 September 1820.
Ghatal subdivision, shown in the map alongside, has alluvial soils. Around 85% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once. It has a density of population of 1,099 per km$^2$, but being a small subdivision only a little over a fifth of the people in the district reside in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Civic administration
### CD block HQ

The headquarters of Daspur II CD block are located at Sonakhali.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Sonakhali had a total population of 2,014 of which 1,008 (50%) were males and 1,006 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 213. The total number of literates in Sonakhali was 1,544 (76.66% of the population over 6 years).

## Transport

Sonakhali stands at the meeting point of Harekrishnapur-Sonakhali Road and Gopiganj-Sultannagar Road.

## Healthcare

Sonakhali Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Sonakhali, is the major government medical facility in the Daspur II CD block.
# Ian Bartholomew (disambiguation)

Ian Bartholomew (born 1954) is an English actor.
Ian Bartholomew may also refer to:
* John (Ian) Bartholomew (1890–1962), Scottish cartographer
* Ian Bartholomew (cricketer) (born 1983), English cricketer and flood insurer
# Scythris seliniella

Scythris seliniella is a species of moth belonging to the family Scythrididae.
It is native to Western Europe.
# Formignana

Formignana (Ferrarese: Furmgnàna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Ferrara. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,898 and an area of 22.3 square kilometres (8.6 sq mi).
Formignana borders the following municipalities: Copparo, Ferrara, Jolanda di Savoia, Tresigallo.
# Gmina Szczaniec

Gmina Szczaniec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świebodzin County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. Its seat is the village of Szczaniec, which lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) east of Świebodzin, 39 km (24 mi) north of Zielona Góra, and 60 km (37 mi) south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski.
The gmina covers an area of 112.92 square kilometres (43.6 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 3,847.

## Villages

Gmina Szczaniec contains the villages and settlements of Brudzewo, Dąbrówka Mała, Kiełcze, Koźminek, Myszęcin, Nowe Karcze, Ojerzyce, Opalewo, Smardzewo, Szczaniec, Wilenko and Wolimirzyce.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Szczaniec is bordered by the gminas of Babimost, Sulechów, Świebodzin, Trzciel and Zbąszynek.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Gmina Szczaniec is twinned with:
* Groß Pankow, Germany
# Walter Lovett

Walter Lovett (born January 5, 1929) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Virginia State University from 1970 to 1972 and at Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia from 1974 to 1980, compiling a career college football coaching record of 56–48–1. Lovett was the line coach at Virginia State for five seasons prior to taking the head coaching position there.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Virginia State Trojans (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1970–1972) ||||||
| 1970 | Virginia State | 8–2 | 6–1 | 2nd (Northern) |
| 1971 | Virginia State | 5–3–1 | 3–2 | 3rd (Northern) |
| 1972 | Virginia State | 8–3 | 5–0 | 1st (Northern) |
| Virginia State: | Virginia State: | 21–8–1 | 14–3 | |
| Hampton Pirates (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association) (1974–1980) ||||||
| 1974 | Hampton | 3–7 | 3–4 | 5th |
| 1975 | Hampton | 5–5 | 5–3 | T–4th |
| 1976 | Hampton | 7–4 | 6–2 | 2nd |
| 1977 | Hampton | 7–4 | 5–3 | 4th |
| 1978 | Hampton | 5–6 | 4–4 | 8th |
| 1979 | Hampton | 3–8 | 2–6 | T–6th |
| 1980 | Hampton | 5–6 | 3–4 | T–7th |
| Hampton: | Hampton: | 35–40 | 28–26 | |
| Total: | Total: | 56–48–1 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Foul (nautical)

Foul is a nautical term meaning to entangle or entwine, and more generally that something is wrong or difficult. The term dates back to usage with wind-driven sailing ships.

## Foul anchor

It is usually applied to the state of an anchor, which has become hooked on some impediment on the seafloor, or has its cable wound round the stock or flukes. The term is generally utilized when speaking of items of historical value such as the US Navy chief petty officer emblem. The foul anchor is also the official seal of the Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom. The seal is flown on the ship carrying the monarch to sea. It is also flown during the launching of a warship of the Royal Navy. The foul anchor is also depicted on the emblem of the U.S. Public Health Service. Ships would display a foul anchor to indicate to officers on shore that sick persons were on board, prompting further investigation and possible quarantine.

## Other usage

The term can be applied to many nautical situations:
* Foul hawse — when a ship lying to two anchors gets the cables crossed.
* Foul bottom — in reference to a seafloor that has poor qualities for securing an anchor, such as hard rocks, coral, wreckage, or other impediments that would make securing or unsecuring an anchor difficult or impossible. Also, in reference to the hull of ship that is so encrusted with weeds and marine growth as to impede her progress.
* Foul wind — when a strong head wind prevents a sailing ship from keeping her desired course.
* Foul deck — on an aircraft carrier, when the deck is occupied by aircraft, thus preventing other aircraft from landing.
* Foul propeller (or foul prop) — a propeller which has become tangled with a rope/cable/line, or (generally on smaller propellers) weeds.
* Foul weather — any weather condition deemed hostile to sailors' vessel or comfort; encompasses heavy winds, rains, etc.
# Gioia Marconi Braga

Gioia Marconi Braga, daughter of Guglielmo Marconi, was the founder and chairwoman of the Marconi Foundation, now known as the Marconi Society.
Born on April 10, 1916, in London, Braga was a longtime resident of Alpine, New Jersey. Braga died on July 15, 1996.
# Jethabhai's Stepwell

Jethabhai's Stepwell or Jethabhai ni Vav, is a stepwell in Isanpur area of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. It was situated near sha e Alam and one of the heritage stepwells in Ahmedabad.

## History and architecture

James Burgess wrote in 1905 in the Archaeological Survey of Western India, volume VIII, "two and a half miles south of Ahmadabad, near Isanpur... [is] perhaps one of the most modern examples of the regular wav [step well]. It was constructed little more than forty years ago by the late Jethabhai Jivanlal Nagjibhai (or Mulji) of Ahmadabad. To obtain the materials, he purchased from the holder of Shah Alam the rauza belonging to a masjid known as that of Malik Alam...and from the late Qazi Hasan-ud-din of Ahmadabad he bought the Nenpurvada masjid at Rajapur-Hirpur together with its accompanying rauza. These were pulled down by the Hindu purchaser and the materials used in the construction of this well and in putting up a portico to his temple in the Shaherkotda suburb. In the ornamentation of the well one of the mihrabs of the mosque has evidently been utilized. This wav... is 210 feet (64 m) in length and from 21 to 22 feet (6.4 to 6.7 m) wide, with a dome raised on twelve pillars on the entrance at the west end. It has the usual descents from platform or gallery to gallery."
The stepwell was built by Jethabhai around 1860s. It has four pavilions and the entrance pavilion is canopied.
The stepwell was restored by the Archaeological Survey of India in 2017–2018.
# Idaea sylvestraria

Idaea sylvestraria, the dotted border wave, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1799. It is found in Europe.
The species has a wingspan of 20–23 mm. The adults fly in July and August.
The larvae feed on dandelion and knotgrass.
# Formiga River

There are several rivers named Formiga River in Brazil:
* Formiga River (Mato Grosso)
* Formiga River (Tocantins)
# Gmina Szadek

Gmina Szadek is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Szadek, which lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Zduńska Wola and 35 km (22 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.
The gmina covers an area of 151.96 square kilometres (58.7 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,350 (out of which the population of Szadek amounts to 2,007, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 5,343).

## Villages

Apart from the town of Szadek, Gmina Szadek contains the villages and settlements of Antonin, Boczki, Borki Prusinowskie, Brondy, Choszczewo, Czarny Las, Dziadkowice, Górna Wola, Góry Prusinowskie, Grzybów, Jamno, Karczówek, Kobyla Miejska, Kotlinki, Kotliny, Krokocice, Lichawa, Łobudzice, Nowy Kromolin, Ogrodzim, Piaski, Prusinowice, Przatów Dolny, Przatów Górny, Reduchów, Rzepiszew, Sikucin, Stary Kromolin, Szadkowice, Tarnówka, Wielka Wieś, Wilamów, Wola Krokocka, Wola Łobudzka and Wola Przatowska.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Szadek is bordered by the gminas of Łask, Warta, Wodzierady, Zadzim and Zduńska Wola.
# Spectamen venustum

Spectamen venustum is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Solariellidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in New Zealand.
# Wallace River (Nova Scotia)

The Wallace River is a river running mostly through Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
# Frances Naomi Clark

Frances Naomi Clark (1894 – 1987) was an American ichthyologist. She was one of the first woman fishery researchers to receive world-wide recognition.
The daughter of a Nebraska farmer, she was born near St. Edward, Nebraska. She moved to California with her family in 1910 and attended Stanford University, earning an A.B. in zoology in 1918. She was employed by the United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from 1918 to 1921, working as lab assistant for Charles Henry Gilbert. She worked for the California Division of Fish and Game from 1921 to 1923. She earned a MS in 1924 and a PhD in 1925 from the University of Michigan. From 1925 to 1926, she taught at San Jose Junior High School. From 1926 to 1941, she worked for the California Department of Fish and Game as an assistant biologist and then researcher. From 1941, she was director of the California State Fisheries Laboratory on Terminal Island, retiring to La Jolla in 1956.
Her research mainly focused on the Pacific sardine. Besides working in California, she also conducted research studies in Peru and New Zealand.
Clark's studies of sardine populations off the California coast during the 1930s led her to believe that, without better yield management in the sardine fishery, depletion of the sardine population was inevitable. Calls for restraint from Clark and other scientists were ignored and the collapse of the fishery and the associated canning industry followed. She later played an important role in establishing California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) and continued to be involved with that organization after her retirement.
Clark never married. Her sister Laura Hubbs and brother-in-law Carl Leavitt Hubbs were both ichthyologists. Clark died on 10 February 1987 in La Jolla.
# Givins Beverly Castle

The Givins Beverly Castle (also known as Givens Irish Castle) is a 19th-century castle located in Chicago, Illinois.

## History

The castle was built in the Beverly neighborhood of Chicago from 1886 to 1887 under the direction of Robert C. Givins. He was a successful real estate developer. It is a three-story structure with three crenelated towers. Givins lived in the castle from 1887 to 1894. From 1895 to 1897, the castle housed the Chicago Female College. Beverly Unitarian Church purchased the building for US$14,000 and has used it since 1942. It is the only building in the city described as a "castle."
It has been claimed to be haunted.

## Owners

The castle has had five owners:
* Givins family (1887–1909)
* Julia H. Thayer and the Chicago Female College (1895–1897)
* Burdett family (1909–1921)
* Siemens family (1921–1942)
* Beverly Unitarian Church (1942–present)
# Fountain Creek (disambiguation)

Fountain Creek is a tributary of the Arkansas River in Colorado, U.S.
Fountain Creek may also refer to:
* Fountain Creek (Tennessee), a stream in Tennessee, U.S.
* Fountain Creek, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Iroquois County, Illinois, U.S.
* Fountain Creek Township, Iroquois County, Illinois, U.S.
* Fountain Creek Bridge, a limestone arch bridge in Monroe County, Illinois, U.S.
# Idaea tristega

Idaea tristega is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in northern Madagascar.
This species is very variable in size and warmth of the ground-colour. It is tinged reddish to cinnamon-brown with a wingspan of 14-22mm.
# Škalce

Škalce (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills just north of Slovenske Konjice itself. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
The hills around the settlement are covered with small vineyards with associated buildings and features, some dating to the 14th century.
# Herbert Merrett

Sir Herbert Henry Merrett (1886 – 3 October 1959) was a Welsh industrialist. In his teens he won a reputation as a footballer and played for the Cardiff Corinthians, a prestigious amateur soccer team, and he subsequently qualified as a referee. He was appointed chairman of the Cardiff City Association Football Club in 1939 and with one short break, and despite his business involvement, he remained chairman until 1957.

## Career

Herbert Merrett grew up and was educated in Cardiff. He began his career in the Cardiff Docks with Cory Brothers, initially a junior, though he later became the company's general chairman and director when it merged with Powell Duffryn Ltd in 1947 as a result of nationalisation. Merrett was a director of Powell Duffryn from 1940, having previously been director of Blaenclydach Colliery (c.1923-1937), Troedyrhiw Coal (c.1923-1933) Company and D.R. Llewellyn & Sons (c. 1923-1933) and chairman of Graigola Merthyr Company (c.1923-1933). His other positions include chairman and managing director of Crynant Colliery (c.1933-1940) and director of North's Navigation Collieries (c.1940-1950). By 1930, he also was managing director of his own company, Gueret, Llewellyn & Merrett Ltd.
In 1932, Merrett published a book entitled I fight for coal, describing his early experiences in the Welsh coal industry. Herbert was Justice of the Peace for Glamorganshire and High Sheriff 1934-35. In 1935-36, he served as president of Cardiff Incorporated Chamber of Commerce. He later became president of the British Coal Exporters' Federation 1946-49. In the 1950 King's Birthday Honours List he was knighted and in that same year received an award from France of Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur, having established associations within Europe.

## Sports

Merrett was an avid footballer in his youth and played for the amateur team the Cardiff Corinthians. He became a qualified referee and was chairman of the Cardiff City Association Football Club 1939-1957, barring one short break. He was also president of the Glamorgan County Cricket Club.

## Personal life

Merrett was born in Canton parish, Cardiff on 18 December 1886, the son of Lewis and Elizabeth Merrett. In 1911, he married Marion Linda Higgins who bore him two daughters and a son. Merrett's grandson is Alan Chalmers, who ran security at Wimbledon for 40 years.
Merrett died on 3 October 1959 at home in Dinas Powys
# Outline of dentistry and oral health

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to dentistry and oral health:
Dentistry – branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body.

## Branches of dentistry

* Endodontics
* Orthodontics
* Minimal intervention dentistry
* Prosthodontics
* Pediatric dentistry
* Periodontics
* Oral and maxillofacial surgery
* Oral pathology
* Oral medicine
* public health dentistry

## History of dentistry

* History of dental caries

## General dentistry concepts

* Barodontalgia
* Biodontics
* Bruxism
* Calculus
* Ceramics
* Crown
* Dental amalgam
* Dental brace
* Dental cavities
* Dental disease
* Dental extraction
* Dental notation
* Dental phobia
* Dental restoration
* Dental spa
* Dentin
* Floss
* Fluoridation
* Fluoride therapy
* Gingivitis
* Halitosis
* Dental implants
* Laboratory technology
* Mouth breathing
* Mouthwash
* Nitrous oxide
* Novocain, a Local anesthetic
* Occlusion
* Oral hygiene
* Orthodontics
* Regenerative endodontics
* Patron Saint of dentistry (Saint Apollonia)
* Periodontitis
* Plaque
* Socket preservation
* Regenerative dentistry
* Teledentistry
* Temporomandibular joint disease
* Tooth
* Toothbrush
* Toothpaste
* Tooth regeneration
* Tongue cleaner
* Xerostomia

## Dentistry lists

* List of dentists
* Medicine portal
# Spectamen ruthae

Spectamen ruthae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Description

The size of the shell attains 9 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Transkei, Rep. South Africa