OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# National Virus Reference Laboratory

The National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) is located in UCD, Dublin, Ireland and is affiliated to the University College Dublin School of Medicine. The NVRL provides a diagnostic and reference service for clinicians in Ireland investigating viral infections. For over forty years, the NVRL have provided a virology diagnostic service to the Irish health service.
The laboratory is accredited by the Irish National Accreditation Board (INAB) to undertake testing as detailed in the Schedule bearing the Registration Number 326MT, in compliance with the International Standard ISO/IEC 15189:2012 3rd Edition “Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence.”

## History

The NVRL was initial established to support the diagnosis and treatment of poliovirus.

## COVID-19

The developing and delivering of testing of Ireland was led by the staff in NVRL. With the acquisition of the sequence of the virus, they used this to develop and validate in-house assays in advance of obtaining any commercial diagnostic kits. The NVRL played a vital role in the early detection of COVID-19 cases in Ireland.
Dr Cillian de Gascun, Consultant Virologist and Director of the National Virus Reference Laboratory is Chair of the Expert Advisory Group on COVID-19 in Ireland.

## Influenza

NVRL is the WHO-recognised National Influenza Centre (NIC) for the Republic of Ireland. The NVRL is a key contributor to data on seasonal influenza surveillance in Ireland. The Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC) in partnership with the Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP) and NVRL have established a network of 60 computerised general sentinel practices who report on a weekly basis the number of patients seen with influenza-like illness.

## HIV

The NVRL performs confirmatory testing on all new HIV diagnoses in Ireland.
# Erythronium tuolumnense

Erythronium tuolumnense is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, known by the common name Tuolumne fawn lily or Tuolumne dog's tooth violet. However, it is neither a true lily nor a violet. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada of Tuolumne County, California; from 600 m (1,969 ft) along Italian Bar Road up to 1,000 m (3,281 ft) altitude at the headwaters of Deer Creek.
This hardy perennial wildflower grows from a bulb 5–10 cm (2–4 in) wide, sometimes with associated bulblets. The bulb resembles a dog's tooth in shape and colour, hence the name "dog's tooth" (which also applies to other erythronium species such as E. dens-canis). It produces two small leaves and a reddish stalk up to 35 cm (14 in) tall bearing one to five flowers. The flower has bright yellow recurved tepals, a white style and white stamens tipped with large yellow anthers.
This rare plant is threatened by human activity such as logging in its small native range.
Inhabiting moist, light deciduous woodland, this plant is also found in cultivation. The species and the hybrid cultivar 'Pagoda' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Conservation

Known from only a small number of populations, the largest of which have over ten thousand individuals. Erythronium tuolumnense is listed as imperiled by NaturServe. It has a small historic range, and human activity, especially recreational off-road vehicle use threatens the largest population. Other threats include mining, garbage dumping, camping, logging and fire suppression.
# Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering chiropractic, osteopathy and manual therapies. It is published by BioMed Central and is the official journal of Chiropractic Australia, the European Chiropractors Union, The Royal College of Chiropractors and Kiropraktornes Videnscenter. The journal was established in 1996 as the Australasian Chiropractic & Osteopathy and renamed Chiropractic & Osteopathy in 2004, before obtaining its current name in 2011.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in CINAHL, Embase, Emerging Sources Citation Index, and Scopus.
# Loch Dionard

Loch Dionard is a medium-sized loch in the Durness Parish, in Sutherland, Highland Council Area, Northern Scotland. It is in the North-Western Highlands about four miles south of Polla.

## Access

Loch Dionard is 6 miles (9.7 km) away from the settlements of Eriboll, Rhiconich, Achriesgill and Alltnacaillich, that don't have direct road access to the loch. There are two small roads connecting tourist cottages and mountain trains/portages in the area, to the rest of Scotland. The road to the south provides a link to Alltnacaillich and the nearest paved road; the route is about 11 miles (18 km), 9 miles (14 km) of which are on narrow, bumpy gravel tracks through mountainous terrain. The nearest settlement with commercial services is Tongue. The other road is a small dirt track, to the north of the loch unconnected to the southerly route. It follows the banks of the River Dionard to Gualin House and the A838 6 miles (9.7 km) away, with access to Durness 11 miles (18 km) further north.

## Geography

Loch Dionard is 357 feet (108.81 m) above standard sea level, which is relatively high for a loch, but far from any mountain peaks. As a result, it is a consolidation point for many rivers and streams that run from the mountains into the Atlantic Ocean. The most notable river flowing into Loch Dionard is the Allt an Eassain Ghil which provides water, from An Dubh-Loch and Lochan Ulbha which themselves bring in water from the mountain peaks of Sabhal Mor, Meall Horn, Creagan Meall Horn, Coire Lochan Ulbha. Other rivers include Allt Creag Urbhard, from An t-Sail Mhor, Allt Horn and Allt Eilidh a' Chleirich. The latter gets water from Loch Sgeireach, which gets water, from Creag Staonsaid, which also flows into Loch Staonsaid and Meall a Lochain Sgeireach. Finally, there is water flowing from Loch Fir Dhuirinis, which also gets its water from Creag Staonsaid flowing into the east of the Loch alongside the Allt nan Caraichean Duibh.
Flowing outward, only the River Dionard which is more notable and larger than any of the aforementioned rivers; it is the main inflow to the Kyle of Durness, which leads to the Atlantic Ocean. The river is the main water source for the settlements of Gualin House, Carbreck and Lairg.

## Tourism

There are a few cottages in the area around Loch Dionard, and the river southward has fishing and tourist destinations. There are also a few heritage paths and trails in the area but, due to its isolation and the much more accessible Loch Awe (25 miles away on the A837), Loch Dionard remains isolated.
# EHS Institute

The EHS Institute for Teacher Induction is an induction training program primarily designed for first, second or third year public school teachers or seasoned teachers who are new to an urban district. The Institute is offered to public school districts and is held every summer on the Eagle Hill School campus in Hardwick, MA. Since the first cohort in 2005 over 500 teachers from Massachusetts districts have completed the EHS Institute. The training is funded by private organizations, Massachusetts school departments and was a line budget item in the 2008 Massachusetts state budget.

## History

In the summer of 2005 the first cohort of 28 teachers from the Worcester (MA) Public Schools attended the inaugural EHS Institute.

## Context

Recent research on teacher attrition suggests that as many as fifty percent of new teachers leave the profession within five years and that each year the gap between the number of teachers joining the profession and those leaving grows wider Among teachers leaving the profession, lack of adequate preparation and lack of support from colleagues and administration top the list of reasons for new teachers to seek other professions within their first few years, even surpassing teachers’ concerns about salary and professional prestige. The effectiveness of pre-service preparation and mentoring programs has been well documented in the literature
Studies of effective veteran teachers indicate that those teachers who remain in the profession tend to point to mentoring programs and capable school administrators who create supportive, challenging, and intellectually stimulating environments for teachers as the most important factors in their success The importance of developing cultural models for teaching professionals and for establishing meaningful support networks based on professional activities is well established in the literature and formed one of the central considerations for the development of the EHS Institute curriculum.

## Early Outcomes from Pilot Program Data

Of the 2005 pilot group of 28 teachers from the Worcester Public Schools, 25 remain in teaching (89%), 21 are currently employed in the Worcester Public Schools (75%). Following the methodology of the Birkeland & Curtis (2006) study of the Boston Public Schools where those teachers who were “non-renewed” at the district's discretion were factored out of attrition numbers (4 teachers in the 2005 WPS pilot group), the cumulative attrition for the WPS pilot group at the end of three years is 11%. Birkeland & Curtis (2006) report cumulative attrition for first-, second-, and third-year teachers of 47% in the Boston Public Schools. The "Year 3 Report", compiled by the Worcester Public Schools indicates that 93% of teachers from the Worcester Public Schools who attended the EHS Institute in 2005, 2006 or 2007 are still in teaching.
# SHW

SHW may refer to:
* Sharurah Domestic Airport, Sharurah, Saudi Arabia, IATA airport code SHW
* Shawford railway station, England, National Rail station code SHW
* Sherwin-Williams, NYSE stock symbol SHW
* Sheung Wan station, Hong Kong, MTR station code SHW
# Palaeo-Yare

The Palaeo-Yare is a submerged river system in today's southern North Sea (part of Dogger Bank) that was above sea level during the early Middle Palaeolithic It is an extension of today's River Yare in Norfolk. Dredging of the sediments of submerged river system provides aggregates for construction and maintaining beaches, but has also been the source of archaeological finds showing human habitation of that area during the Middle Palaeolithic.
# Neander

Neander may refer to:

## Surname

* August Neander (1789–1850), a German theologian and church historian
* Ernst Neumann-Neander (1871–1954), founder of the now defunct Neander motorcycle manufacturer
* Joachim Neander (1650–1680), Calvinist teacher
* Michael Neander (1529–1581), professor of medicine at the University of Jena
* Michael Neander (philologist) (1525–1595), philologist from Sorau, Germany

## Other uses

* Neander crater on the Moon.
* Neander Lake, a lake in Minnesota
* Neander, character from Essay of Dramatick Poesie
# Renewable polyethylene

Biopolyethylene (also known as renewable polyethylene) is polyethylene made out of ethanol, which becomes ethylene after a dehydration process. It can be made from various feedstocks including sugar cane, sugar beet, and wheat grain.
The final product is indistinguishable from conventional polyethylene (except by radiocarbon dating), and thus is recyclable in the same chain established for conventional PE.

## The first plant

In 2007 an ethanol-based manufacturing plant, totally integrated from sugarcane to polyethylene, was announced by the Dow Chemical Company, in conjunction with Crystalsev, a large sugar and ethanol producer in Brazil. The plant was projected to produce 350 000 metric tonnes per year of renewable LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene), would begin construction in 2008, and was slated to start production in 2011.

## Benefits

One of the main environmental benefits of Green PE is the sequestration of roughly 2.15 tonnes of CO$_2$ per tonne of Green Polyethylene produced, which comes from the CO$_2$ absorbed by the sugar cane while growing, minus the CO$_2$ emitted through the production process. Renewable polyethylene is non-biodegradable and can be recycled in the same waste streams as traditional polyethylenes (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE) as it is chemically identical.

## Disadvantages

Producing feedstock for biobased plastics relies upon intensive agriculture, potentially contributing to deforestation in order to clear land for agricultural use. Large-scale production of feedstock also requires inputs such as fossil fuels, fertilizers, and pesticides.

## Production

Braskem is the world leader in the production of biopolymer, with the Green Polyethylene "I'm green™", a thermoplastic resin produced from ethylene made from sugarcane ethanol, a 100% renewable raw material which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The production started in 2010 and is located in Triunfo, South of Brazil.
Today the Braskem industrial unit has an annual production capacity of 200 000 tonne of Green Polyethylene. Green PE has the same properties, performance, and application versatility as fossil-based polyethylene, which makes it a drop-in replacement in the plastic production chain. For these same reasons, it is also recyclable in the same recycling chain used by traditional polyethylene. Because it is part of the portfolio of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) products, Green PE rapidly became an option for applications in rigid and flexible packaging, closures, bags, and other products. In January 2014, the family of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to the product portfolio, effectively covering additional applications in packaging and films.
# QRNG

QRNG may refer to:
* Quantum random number generator, a random number generator based on quantum phenomena
* Quasirandom Number Generator, a function that generates a series of numbers that fill some range in an even pattern
* Quinolone-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae
# Feeder road

A feeder road may refer to:
* Frontage road, a road which runs parallel with high-speed roads, allowing easier access to local amenities
* Spur (road), a short road which provides specific access to one place, such as a sports venue or major business hub
* A secondary road which "feeds" traffic to main highways and freeways
* A common Texas term, not used in many other areas.
# Sepia insignis

Sepia insignis is a species of cuttlefish native to the southwestern Indian Ocean, specifically South Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to Natal. It lives at depths to 42 m.
Sepia insignis grows to a mantle length of 60 mm.
The type specimens, consisting solely of cuttlebones, were collected on Tongaat Beach, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (29°35′S 31°07′E﻿ / ﻿29.583°S 31.117°E﻿ / -29.583; 31.117). They are deposited at The Natural History Museum in London.
# Loch Davan

Loch Davan is a small, triangular, freshwater loch approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) northeast of Ballater, Scotland and lying immediately north of Loch Kinord. It is approximately 0.75 mi (1.21 km) in length and was formed from a glacial kettle hole. The loch sits within the Muir of Dinnet National Nature Reserve.

## Flora and fauna

Due to its shallowness, light penetrates to the loch floor. Consequently, many species of aquatic plants exist including water lobelia, quillwort and shoreweed. Around the perimeter reeds, sedges, horsetails, bulrushes and willow scrub are found. The loch is also home to pike, otters, migrating geese and other wildfowl.

## Archaeology

The remains of a medieval moated homestead, known as The Heugh are visible on the northern shore of the loch. The Heugh is thought to have been the Hall of Logy Rothwayne, the headquarters of Dave Loc during the Battle of Culblean in 1335.

## Survey

The loch was surveyed on 10 July 1905 by T.N. Johnston and L.W. Collett and later charted as part of the Sir John Murray's Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.
# E-Werk (Berlin)

E-Werk was a techno music club in Berlin, Germany that was held in a former electrical substation called Abspannwerk Buchhändlerhof. Located near Checkpoint Charlie, it was an influential club in the techno subculture from 1993 to 1997 and was eventually transformed into an all-purpose venue.

## History
### Techno club

The club was operated by Hille Saul, Andreas Rossmann, Ralf Regitz and Lee Waters, while permanent resident DJs were DJ Disko, DJ Clé, Jonzon, Woody, Terry Belle and English Hazel B. International DJs were invited to perform at club events. On Fridays, the "Dubmission" parties were held, with resident DJs Kid Paul and Paul Van Dyk. Van Dyk paid homage to the club in 1998 by naming the remix for one of his most notable tracks, "For An Angel", the "PvD E-Werk Club Mix".

### Venue

On 24 July 1997 the substation building closed as a techno club; however, the building was refurbished and reopened in 2005. The heritage-protected area that the building is located in maintains the unique architecture that was based on the plans of architect Hans Heinrich Müller. The building, built between 1926 and 1928, was badly damaged during World War II, but in 2014 the original quadrant-shaped control room at its centre remains intact—it is considered the oldest surviving architectural remnant of Germany's electricity industry. Following refurbishment, the building is now used as a venue that spans across multiple levels.
In the 2001, the IT entrepreneur Holger Friedrich acquired the E-Werk from Bewag.
# Filmore Township, Bollinger County, Missouri

Filmore Township is one of eight townships in Bollinger County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, its population was 508. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population had decreased to 488. Filmore Township covers an area of 60.71 square miles (157.2 km$^2$).
Filmore Township was established in 1851, and named in honor President Millard Fillmore.

## Demographics

As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 488 people living in the township. The population density was 8.03 people per square mile (3.10 people/km$^2$). There were 308 housing units in the township. The racial makeup of the township was 96.31% White, 0.20% Black or African American, 2.05% Native American, 0.20% from other races, and 1.23% from two or more races. Approximately 0.20% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

## Geography
### Incorporated Areas

The township contains no incorporated settlements.

### Unincorporated Areas

The township contains the following two unincorporated areas and historical communities:
* Buchanan at 37°12′40″N 90°11′32″W﻿ / ﻿37.211163°N 90.19233°W﻿ / 37.211163; -90.19233
* Grassy at 37°15′39″N 90°07′25″W﻿ / ﻿37.260886°N 90.123717°W﻿ / 37.260886; -90.123717

### Cemeteries

The township contains the following six cemeteries: Kinder Chapel, Burk, Mouser, Patterson, Ray, and Scott.

### Streams

The streams of Castor River, Grassy Creek, Little Grassy Creek, Perkins Creek, and Trace Creek flow through Filmore Township.

### Landmarks

* Arrowhead Campground
* Blue Pond
* Castor River
* Castor River Conservation Area
* Castor River Park
* Twin Bridges Campground

### Transportation

* Missouri Route 34

## Administrative Districts
### School Districts

* Woodland R-IV School District
* Zalma R-V School District

### Political Districts

* Missouri's 8th Congressional District
* State House District 145
* State Senate District 27
# Elizabeth Bath

Elizabeth Bath, née Paddy, (1776–1844) was an English poet. She was the author of a collection of sixty-six poems published by subscription in 1806 in Bristol and a member of the Society of Friends.

## Biography

Elizabeth Paddy was born on 17 February 1776. She was the daughter of Edward Paddy and Mary (Rowling) of Falmouth, Cornwall.
On 7 November 1796, she married Henry Bath (24 January 1776 – 29 May 1844), a Quaker who was a metals merchant in Swansea, South Wales, and also the founder of Henry Bath & Son Ltd., an enterprise still in existence. They lived at Rosehill House, in Mumbles, Swansea. Elizabeth's sister, Mary, became the wife of Edward Osler and thereby the grandmother of Sir William Osler, the physician.
In 1806, she published, Poems, on Various Occasions (Bristol: Printed by J. Desmond, at the Mirror-Office, Small-Street). The collection is dedicated to a friend "whose sincerity is equaled only by the stability which has ever marked her character." The poems take a variety of forms — some are sonnets; some are longer poems — and they address religion, loss, friendship, sensibility, and other likely topics. The list of subscribers is substantial.
Bath died on 3 October 1844.

## Selected works

* Poems, on Various Occasions. Bristol: Printed by J. Desmond, at the Mirror-Office, Small-Street. 1806.
# QRISK

QRISK3 (the most recent version of QRISK) is a prediction algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that uses traditional risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and ratio of total serum cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) together with body mass index, ethnicity, measures of deprivation, family history, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive treatment.
A QRISK over 10 (10% risk of CVD event over the next ten years) indicates that primary prevention with lipid lowering therapy (such as statins) should be considered. In the UK, current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend using QRISK (as opposed to the Framingham Risk Score).
The algorithm has subsequently been validated by an independent team from the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (University of Oxford) using an external dataset. The results were published in the BMJ and demonstrated that QRISK performed better than Framingham . www.qrisk.org is updated annually to reflect changes in populations, data quality and national guidelines (such as a change in age range over which cardiovascular risk should be assessed). The inclusion of ethnicity and deprivation in the QRISK2 algorithm is designed to help prevent widening health inequalities. The QIntervention website combines QRISK with a similar risk prediction tool (www.qdiabetes.org) to calculate risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. www.qintervention.org also allows clinicians to assess 'what if' scenarios i.e. how risk might change with modification of risk factors such as weight loss, stopping smoking, use of statins and better blood pressure control.
QRISK has also been developed further to estimate individualised lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease.
# Rethona strigosa

Rethona strigosa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Namibia and South Africa.
# Emil Steen

Emil Steen may refer to:
* Emil Steen (1828–1884), Norwegian ship-owner and businessperson
* Emil Steen (1887–1950), Norwegian businessperson
* Emil Steen (1870–1915), Norwegian businessperson
# Moordenaarsnek

30°50′22.9″S 28°32′38.5″E﻿ / ﻿30.839694°S 28.544028°E﻿ / -30.839694; 28.544028 Moordenaarsnek Pass, or just Moordenaarsnek (English: Murderer's Neck), is situated in the Eastern Cape, province of South Africa, on the regional road R56, between Mount Fletcher and Maclear, Eastern Cape.
* This Eastern Cape location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Fujuriphyes hydra

Fujuriphyes hydra is a species of mud dragon within the family Pycnophyidae. It was described from the Mozanbique Channel after an investigation on 2 pockmarks. The species name hydra comes from the name of the fictional deity Hydra created by H.P. Lovecraft.
# ESEA

ESEA may refer to:
* East and Southeast Asia, a modern term for the Far East
* In the UK, an alternative to British East and Southeast Asian (or BESEA)
* Elementary and Secondary Education Act, a 1965 United States federal statute considered the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by Congress
* ESEA League, an esports competitive video gaming community
# Utikoomak Lake 155B

Utikoomak Lake 155B is an Indian reserve of the Whitefish Lake First Nation in Alberta, located within Northern Sunrise County. It is fifty-five kilometres (34 mi) northeast of High Prairie.
# Palter

Palter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jesse Palter, American singer-songwriter
* Morris Palter, Canadian musician
* Scott Palter (died 2020), American game designer