OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Tolver Preston

Samuel Tolver Preston (8 July 1844 – 1917) was an English engineer and physicist.
His parents were Daniel Bloom Preston (born 1807) and Mary Susannah Tolver. Preston was educated as a Telegraph-engineer. He went to Munich where he attained his Ph.D in 1894 with Ludwig Boltzmann. After that, he worked as a teacher.
He is known for his works (1875–1894) on the kinetic theory of gases and his attempts to combine this theory with Le Sage's theory of gravitation. In his book Physics of the Ether (1875), he postulated that, if matter is subdivided into "ether particles", they would travel at the speed of light and represent an enormous amount of energy. In this way, one grain of matter would contain energy equal to 1000 million foot-tons.
Preston also seemed to be the first (1885) to recognize the redundancy of Michael Faraday's explanation of electromagnetic induction. Einstein recognized a similar problem in his paper On the electrodynamics of moving bodies (1905, i.e. special relativity).
In 1876 he corresponded with James Clerk Maxwell and alluded to the work of John James Waterston. In 1880 he corresponded with Charles Robert Darwin.

## Publications

* Physics of the ether; 1875
* On some dynamical conditions applicable to LeSage’s theory of gravitation (1877); Phil. Mag., fifth ser. Vol. 4 (1877), pp. 206–213, 364-375; Vol. 5 (1878), pp. 117–127, 297-311
* Mode of the Propagation of Sound, and the Physical Condition Determining its Velocity on the Basis of the Kinetic Theory of Gases; (1877)
* Temperature Equilibrium in the Universe in Relation to the Kinetic Theory; Nature 20, 1879, p. 28
* On the Possibility of Accounting for the Continuance of Recurring Changes in the Universe, consistently with the Tendency to Temperature-Equilibrium; Philosophical Magazine 8, 1879, p. 152/163.
* On the possibility of explaining the continuance of life in the Universe Consistent with the Tendency to Temperature-equilibrium; Nature 19, 1879, p. 460/462
* On Method in Causal Research; in: Philosophical magazine, ix (1880), S. 356–367
* A Question regarding one of the Physical Premises upon which the Finality of Universal Change is based; Philosophical Magazine 10, 1880, p. 338/342.
* Science and sectarian religion; in: S. T. Preston, Original essays; London, 1884, S. 19–51.
* Ueber das gegenseitige Verhältniss einiger zur dynamischen Erklärung der Gravitation aufgestellten Hypothesen; Inauguraldissertation von 1894, München, Phil. Fak.
* Comparative Review of some Dynamical Theories of Gravitation; Philosophical Magazine 1895, Vol. 35, p. 145ff.
* On Certain Questions connected with Astronomical Physics; Philosophical Magazine 1906, Vol. 12, p. 560ff.
* On Certain Questions connected with Astronomical Physics, Part II; Philosophical Magazine 1907, Vol. 14, p. 265ff.
* On some Physical Relations affecting Matter in Diverse Stages of Subdivision; Philosophical Magazine 1908, Vol. 16, p. 345ff.
# Chain Reaction Research

Chain Reaction Research is a think-tank, which conducts research about deforestation-relation topics and commodities. It is based in Washington DC.
It provides material about resources effected by deforestation such as palm oil, soy, cattle, cacao, coffee, and pulp and paper. It aims to put pressure on investors to include financial risks to be associated with companies that deal with deforestation It is frequently cited in scientific journals and used in information campaigns of environmental NGOs. It has exposed land abuse and illegal deforestation in South-east Asia and other regions.

## Funding

It is sponsored by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
# Crystal Eye

Crystal Eye(s) may refer to:
* Crystal Eye, item in American television series Power Rangers Jungle Fury
* "Crystal Eye", single by the English singer/musician John Parr in his song "Restless Heart"
* Crystal Eye (Adventure Time), item in American television series Adventure Time
* "Crystal Eyes", track by American glam metal band L.A. Guns in the album Hollywood Vampires
* Crystal Eyes, Swedish power metal band
# El Goloso

El Goloso is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Fuencarral-El Pardo.
On August 20, 1943, the Armoured Division No. 1 "Brunete" was established at the El Goloso Camp under the command of Major-General Ricardo Rada Peral.
40°33′22″N 3°42′12″W﻿ / ﻿40.55611°N 3.70333°W﻿ / 40.55611; -3.70333
* This article about a location in the Community of Madrid, Spain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Extreme points of the Philippines

This is a list of points in the Philippines that are farther north, south, east, or west than any other location in the country. Also included are extreme points in elevation, extreme distances, and other points of geographic interest.
Republic Act No. 9522 of 2009, defines the archipelagic baselines of the Philippines.

## Location points

* Northernmost point: Mavulis (Y'Ami) Island, Itbayat, Batanes 21°7′18.41″N 121°56′48.79″E﻿ / ﻿21.1217806°N 121.9468861°E﻿ / 21.1217806; 121.9468861
* Southernmost point: Frances Reef, Sitangkai, Tawi-Tawi 4°24′53.84″N 119°14′50.71″E﻿ / ﻿4.4149556°N 119.2474194°E﻿ / 4.4149556; 119.2474194
* Southernmost island: Saluag Island, Sibutu, Tawi-Tawi 4°35′14.0″N 119°27′59.1″E﻿ / ﻿4.587222°N 119.466417°E﻿ / 4.587222; 119.466417
* Easternmost point: Pusan Point, Caraga, Davao Oriental 7°17′19.80″N 126°36′18.16″E﻿ / ﻿7.2888333°N 126.6050444°E﻿ / 7.2888333; 126.6050444
* Westernmost point: Balabac Great Reef 7°54′36.35″N 116°53′16.64″E

### Cities

* Northernmost city: Laoag
* Southernmost city: General Santos
* Easternmost city: Bislig
* Westernmost city: Puerto Princesa

### Luzon Island

* Northernmost point: Maira-ira, Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte 18°39′4.44″N 120°50′46.68″E﻿ / ﻿18.6512333°N 120.8463000°E﻿ / 18.6512333; 120.8463000
* Southernmost point: Bon-Ot Big, Matnog, Sorsogon 12°31′N 124°02′E﻿ / ﻿12.517°N 124.033°E﻿ / 12.517; 124.033

### Mindanao Island

* Northernmost point: Punta Bilar, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte
* Southernmost point: Tinaca Point, Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental

## Altitude

* Highest: Mount Apo, Mindanao 2,954 meters (9,692 ft) 7°0′30″N 125°16′33″E﻿ / ﻿7.00833°N 125.27583°E﻿ / 7.00833; 125.27583
* Lowest: Galathea Depth, Philippine Trench, 10,540 meters (34,580 ft). It is the third-deepest in the world after the Challenger Deep, Marianas Trench (10,971 meters (35,994 ft)) and the Tonga Trench (10,882 meters (35,702 ft)).

## Highest attainable by transportation

* Road: Kiangan-Tinoc-Buguias Road, Eheb, Tinoc, Ifugao 2,428.66 meters (7,968.0 ft)
# Most Excellent Majesty

Most Excellent Majesty is a form of address in the United Kingdom. It is mainly used in Acts of Parliament, where the phrase "the King's [Queen's] most Excellent Majesty" is used in the enacting clause.
The standard is as follows:
   BE IT ENACTED by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-
The phrase is also used in the enacting clause of appropriations acts of the Parliament of Canada, as illustrated in the following examples from the Appropriation Act No. 4, 2015–16:
   MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN,
   Whereas it appears by message from His Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada, and the Estimates accompanying that message, that the sums mentioned below are required to defray certain expenses of the federal public administration, not otherwise provided for, for the financial year ending March 31, 2016, and for other purposes connected with the federal public administration;
   May it therefore please Your Majesty, that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, that:
# Toshiyuki Notomi

Toshiyuki Notomi (納富 俊行, Nōtomi Toshiyuki, born 15 June 1971) is a Japanese weightlifter. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Jubula

Jubula may refer to:
* Jubula (plant), a genus of liverwort (Marchantiophyta).
* A monotypic bird genus containing only the maned owl (Jubula lettii)
* A Functional Testing Tool for Eclipse
# North Caldwell, West Virginia

North Caldwell is an unincorporated community in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, United States. North Caldwell is located on U.S. Route 60, 2.7 miles (4.3 km) southeast of Lewisburg. It is a major trailhead of the Greenbrier River Trail.
# Zhengyi

Zhengyi or Zheng Yi (Wade–Giles: Cheng I) may refer to:
* Zhengyi Dao, a Daoist movement founded by Zhang Daoling
* Zhengyi, a lich character from Dungeons & Dragons
* Zheng Yi (author) (郑义; born 1947), of Scarlet Memorial: Tales of Cannibalism in Modern China
* Zheng Yi (pirate) (鄭一; 1765–1807), a Chinese pirate of the South China Sea
# Larry Bitcon

Lawrence "Bub" Bitcon (October 20, 1934 – May 3, 1973) was an American football coach. He was the 14th head football coach at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois, serving for seven seasons, from 1965 to 1971 and compiling a record of 32–35–2.
Bitcon was killed in a head-on automobile crash near Monmouth, Illinois on May 3, 1973.

## Head coaching record
### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Illinois State Redbirds (Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1965–1969) ||||||
| 1965 | Illinois State | 0–9 | 0–4 | 5th |
| 1966 | Illinois State | 2–5–2 | 0–2–1 | 4th |
| 1967 | Illinois State | 8–2 | 2–1 | T–1st |
| 1968 | Illinois State | 6–4 | 2–1 | T–1st |
| 1969 | Illinois State | 5–5 | 1–2 | 3rd |
| Illinois State Redbirds (NCAA College Division independent) (1970–1971) ||||||
| 1970 | Illinois State | 5–5 | | |
| 1971 | Illinois State | 6–5 | | |
| Illinois State: | Illinois State: | 32–35–2 | 5–10–1 | |
| Total: | Total: | 32–35–2 | | |
| National championship  Conference title  Conference division title or championship game berth ||||||
# Carpmael

Carpmael is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Charles Carpmael (1846–1894), British-Canadian meteorologist and astronomer
* Farn Carpmael (1908–1988), English rower
* William Percy Carpmael (1864–1936), British rugby player
# Coombe, Devon

Coombe, Devon may refer to various places in Devon, England:
* Coombe, East Devon
* Coombe, Tiverton, Devon
* Coombe, Teignmouth, Devon
See also:
# Expo Expo

Expo Expo is the second studio album by Japanese hip-hop group M-Flo. The thematic concept of the record is set at a virtual world expo, with Coldfeet of Lori Fine and narrator Mako Hattori participating in the interlude. Six singles were spawned off of the album, including "How You Like Me Now?" and "Come Again", which were both certified by the RIAJ in different categories. Remixes of songs from this album were released as Expo Bouei Robot Gran Sonik.

## Reception

Following its release, Expo Expo experienced commercial success in Japan. It peaked at number three on the Oricon Albums Chart, becoming the group's first top-five entry. Within days of its release, it was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for having surpassed 400,000 units in physical shipments. It sold 557,000 copies by the end of the year, and was ranked the 35th best-selling album in the country on the year-end Oricon chart.

## Track listing

* "正門" (Seimon; Front Gate)
* "Prism"
* "東門" (Higashimon; East Gate)
* "Expo Expo" [feat. Towa Tei, Bahamadia & Chops]
* "What It Is"
* "Orbit-3"
* "南門" (Minamimon; South Gate)
* "Dispatch" [feat. Dev Large, Nipps & Vincent Galluo]
* "Magenta Rain"
* "中央タワー" (Chuo Tower; Central Tower)
* "Come Again"
* "西門" (Nishimon; West Gate)
* "Yours Only"
* "How You Like Me Now?"
* "アリガトウ" (Arigatou; Thank You)
* "The Bandwagon"

## Charts and sales
### Album

Album chart positions :
| Chart (2001) | Peak position |
| Japanese Weekly Albums (Oricon) | 3 |
| Japanese Yearly Albums (Oricon) | 35 |
Sales and certifications :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Platinum | 557,000 |

### Singles

| Release date | Title | Peak position | Sales/certifications |
| September 6, 2000 | "How You Like Me Now?" | 9 | 224,000 (gold) |
| January 17, 2001 | "Come Again" | 4 | 390,000 (platinum) |
| March 14, 2001 | "Orbit-3" | 9 | 64,000 |
| May 9, 2001 | "Prism" | 15 | 26,000 |
| July 25, 2001 | "Dispatch" | 34 | 10,000 |
| October 31, 2001 | "Yours Only, / Lies" | 25 | 20,000 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Catalog number | Label | Ref. |
| Japan | March 28, 2001 | CD, digital download | RZCD-45021 | Rhythm Zone | |
# Chuang Tang-Fa

Chuang Tang-Fa is a Taiwanese modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
# Direct Axecess

Direct AXEcess is an album by the American jazz guitarist Steve Masakowski of performances recorded in 1994 for the Blue Note Records label.

## Reception

Direct AXEcess received a positive review in DownBeat magazine.

## Track listing

    All compositions by Steve Masakowski except as indicated
* "Paladia" – 3:40
* "Burgundy" – 5:24
* "(Voluntary) Simplicity" – 5:31
* "Monk's Mood" (Thelonious Monk) – 2:20
* "Kayak" (Kenny Wheeler) – 8:00
* "Headed Wes’" – 6:21
* "Emily" (Johnny Mandel) – 2:57
* "Ascending Reverence" – 5:48
* "Lush Life" (Billy Strayhorn) – 5:01
* "For Django" (Joe Pass) – 4:07
* "Bayou St. John" – 5:08
* "The Visit" (Pat Martino) – 4:25
* "New Orleans" (Hoagy Carmichael) – 2:24
    Recorded at The Boiler Room, New Orleans, September 1994

## Personnel

* Steve Masakowski – seven-string guitar
* Hank Mackie – guitar
* David Torkanowsky – piano
* Bill Huntington – acoustic bass
* James Singleton – acoustic bass
* Brian Blade – drums
# Dhawalagiri

Dhawalagiri may refer to:
* Mount Dhawalagiri
* Dhawalagiri Zone
# Bukit Tinggi, Pahang

Bukit Tinggi is a small town in Bentong District, Pahang, Malaysia. This small town is located along Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway, notable for luring visitors coming from Genting Highlands. The town features a French-themed village, Colmar Tropicale.

## About

Bukit Tinggi is located 55 minutes from Kuala Lumpur (54.3 km) and lies 800 metres above sea level. The temperature of the town is between 22 and 26°C. In 1987, there were plans to develop the town in order to alleviate the congestion of Kuala Lumpur.

## Notable attractions

* Berjaya Hills Resort
* Colmar Tropicale - a French themed resort
* Bukit Tinggi Golf and Country Club
* Japanese Tea House and Botanical Garden
* Bukit Tinggi Rabbit Farm
# Samuel Trotman (1686–1748)

Samuel Trotman (7 March 1686 –2 February 1748), of Bucknell, Oxfordshire, was a British lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1734.
Trotman was the eldest son. of Lenthall Trotman of Bucknell and his wife Mary Phillips, daughter of Thomas Phillips of Ickford, Buckinghamshire. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford on 15 January 1702, aged 17, and was admitted at Inner Temple, He was called to the bar in 1710. Also in 1710, he succeeded his father to the family estate. He married, his cousin, Dorothea Trotman, daughter of Samuel Trotman of Siston Court, Gloucestershire on 16 October 1712.
Trotman was returned as Member of Parliament for New Woodstock at the 1722 general election with the support of the Tory Earl of Abingdon against the Duchess of Marlborough's candidates,. He was returned unopposed at the 1727 general election. There is no record of him voting and he did not stand again at the 1734 general election.
Trotman died without issue on 2 February 1748.
# Last Chance Records

Last Chance Records is a Little Rock, Arkansas-based independent record label specializing in Americana, and indie rock. The label was founded by and is owned by Travis Hill.

## Roster

* Adam Faucett
* Andrew Bryant
* Austin Lucas
* Bap Kennedy
* Brent Best
* Drag the River
* JKutchma
* John Paul Keith
* Kevin Kerby
* Micah Schnabel
* Motel Mirrors
* Roger Hoover
* The Small Ponds
* Two Cow Garage
* American Aquarium
* Glossary
* John Moreland
# Keem

Keem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Keemstar (born Daniel Keem; 1982), American internet personality
* Hella Keem (1915–1997), Estonian folklorist and linguist
# Expresso Bongo (EP)

Expresso Bongo is an EP by Cliff Richard and the Shadows, released in January 1960. It contains all the songs by the group sung in the film of the same name in which Richard also stars.

## Recording and release

The EP features three songs sung by Cliff Richard and the Shadows and one, "Bongo Blues", being an instrumental solely by the Shadows. "Love" and "A Voice in the Wilderness" were recorded on 8 September 1959, whilst "The Shrine on the Second Floor" and "Bongo Blues" were recorded on 19 October 1959. They were all recorded at EMI Studios (later renamed Abbey Road Studios) with producer Norrie Paramor. The EP was advertised for release on 4 December 1959 in numerous magazines and newspapers. However, the release was postposed until 8 January 1960 to coincide with the nationwide release of the film on 11 January.
"A Voice in the Wilderness" was subsequently released as a single on 15 January 1960, peaking at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks in February 1960. The EP and single versions of the song are different takes, with some subtle differences in vocals – the single version was recorded on 20 December 1959.

## Chart performance

The Expresso Bongo film was extremely successful upon its release in December 1959 and this significantly helped the subsequent EP. The EP entered the New Musical Express singles chart (the canonical official UK Singles Chart) in the third week of January, reaching its peak at number 14 three weeks later and leaving the top 30 chart after the final week of February (thus spending a total of seven weeks on the chart). As shown by the chart run, sales for the EP peaked in February. However, in the second week of March 1960, Record Retailer (whose top 50 singles chart became the canonical official chart) began publishing charts including an EP chart. Expresso Bongo topped the first EP chart for one week before being overtaken by Elvis Presley's Strictly Elvis for five weeks before regaining the top position. It spent a total of 28 weeks on the top 20 EP chart, leaving after the final week of September 1960.
On other charts in the UK, the EP saw varied success. On the Record Mirror Top 20 singles chart, the EP peaked at number 8; yet on the Disc Top 20 singles chart, it only peaked at number 19. It did not enter the Melody Maker singles chart as the magazine had published an EP chart since November 1959. In recognition of the number of advance orders, it entered this top 10 chart in the third week of December, topping it at the beginning of January 1960.
Within three months of its release, the EP had sold over 150,000 copies, which was five times more than the average EP hit sales.

## Personnel

* Cliff Richard – vocals
* Hank Marvin – lead guitar
* Bruce Welch – rhythm guitar
* Jet Harris – bass guitar
* Tony Meehan – drums

## Charts

On singles charts
| Chart (1960) | Peak position |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 14 |
| UK Disc Top 20 | 19 |
| UK Record Mirror Top 20 | 8 |
On EP charts
| Chart (1960) | Peak position |
| UK Record Retailer Top 20 | 1 |
| UK Melody Maker Top 10 | 1 |
# Cigaritis montana

Cigaritis montana is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Shaba).
# Toucan (disambiguation)

A Toucan is a brightly marked tropical bird with a colorful bill.
Toucan may also refer to:
* Aero Adventure Toucan, an American home built aircraft design
* Canaero Toucan ultralight aircraft
* Toucan crossing, a road crossing for pedestrians and cyclists in the UK
# Potentilla paniculata

Potentilla paniculata, also known as Ash Creek mousetail and Ash Creek ivesia, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is endemic to the Modoc Plateau of Lassen and Modoc Counties in the northeastern corner of California, where it is known only from the vicinity of Ash Valley. It was first described in 1981.

## Description

Potentilla paniculata is a small perennial herb of sage scrub on volcanic soils and rocky slopes. It forms a matted clump from a woody caudex and produces leaves and stems which lie on the ground or are somewhat erect. Each leaf is about 2 to 5 centimeters long and is made up of rows of many tiny, lobed, pink-edged green leaflets, densely coated in short white hairs. The leaflets overlap such that each leaf is cylindrical. The mostly naked pinkish stems bear inflorescences of hairy clusters of flowers. Each flower is about half a centimeter wide and has hairy pink-edged greenish sepals and tiny pale yellow petals. There are five stamens and a few pistils.
# Mand Miani Jhadduwala

Mand Miani Jhadduwala is a village in Bhulath Tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Bhulath, 35 kilometres (22 mi) away from district headquarter Kapurthala. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
# Samuel Tucker

Samuel Tucker may refer to:
* Samuel Tucker (golfer) (1875–??), English golfer
* Samuel Tucker (naval officer) (1747–1833), American naval officer
* Samuel Tucker (politician) (1721–1789), American politician
* Samuel Wilbert Tucker (1913–1990), American attorney
# Zhejiang Hupan Entrepreneurship Research Center

Zhejiang Hupan Entrepreneurship Research Center (Chinese: 浙江湖畔创业研学中心) is a private enterprise in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Despite the early use of "university" as a suffix, the enterprise is never accredited or registered as an educational institution.
It was founded in 2015 by Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba Group.

## History

In 2015, Jack Ma and several fellow business executives decided to found a business school based in China. This organization has 8 co-founders including Jack Ma, Feng Lun, Guo Guangchang, Shi Yuzhu, Shen Guojun, Qian Yingyi, Cai Hongbin and Shao Xiaofeng.
Ma took the name Hupan, which means “lakeside,” from the apartment he lived in when he co-founded Alibaba in 1999. Lakeside Gardens is where the first 18 Alibaba employees worked together in the company’s early days.
The institution also offers online classes.
Jack Ma stepped down from presidency of the enterprise in 2021. The organization announced it would restructure, including changing its name to Zhejiang Hupan Entrepreneurship Research Center and disassociating itself from Ma.

## Former students

* Justin Sun, cryptocurrency business owner
* Tiger Hu, singer-songwriter and producer
# Laubierina

Laubierina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Laubierinidae.

## Species

* Laubierina peregrinator Warén & Bouchet, 1990
# Keemat

Keemat (lit. 'Prize' or 'Cost') may refer to these Indian Hindi-language films:
* Keemat (1946 film), a Bollywood film
* Keemat (1973 film), a 1973 Bollywood film starring Dharmendra and Rekha
* Keemat – They Are Back, a 1998 Bollywood film
# Camp Marlboro

Camp Marlboro was a U.S. Military Camp in Sadr City, Baghdad. It was built to facilitate military and peacekeeping operations in the densely populated Shia ghetto.
Camp Marlboro was named as such because it was located on the premises of a cigarette factory, run by one of Saddam Hussein's cousins until the US forces occupied the compound. Marlboro is an American cigarette brand.
# Everything Under the Sun

Everything Under the Sun may refer to:
* Everything Under the Sun (box set), a 2006 box set by Sublime
* Everything Under the Sun (Jukebox the Ghost album), 2010
* Everything Under the Sun (The Fizz album), 2022