OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kammatograph

The Kammatograph was a system for motion pictures patented in 1898 in the UK by Leonard Ulrich Kamm and marketed to the general public from 1900. It used a circular glass plate rather than a spool of film for the images.

## Inventor

Leo (Leonard) Ulrich Kamm (born 1861) invented and patented the Kammatograph system for moving pictures. It was one of the products of his company, Kamm and Co that he had founded in 1892 to manufacture electrical goods and camera equipment. He used patents to protect his intellectual property. He was granted a British patent on 3 December 1898 for "Improvements in apparatus for photographing and exhibiting cinematographic pictures" that describes the Kammatograph.

## Technical aspects

A kammatograph was made of Spanish mahogany, aluminium, and gun metal, was 14 x 13.5 x 3.5 inches (35.5 x 34.3 x 8.9 cm) in size and weighed about 8 lbs (3.6 kg).
The photographic images were arranged on a 12 inch (30.5 cm) glass disc in a spiral, providing a distinction from other systems. The glass disc was coated with a photosensitive gelatine emulsion. To record images, the lens cap was removed and the disc was rotated in front of the lens by hand. It could record 300 or 550 images and a gauge at the back of the camera showed how many exposures were left. The disc was removed from the camera in a dark room and processed to produce a negative in the same way as contemporary photographic plates. A circular positive print could be made from the negative as a contact print. This could then be used in the camera to show the pictures, after changing the shutter and lens stop. From a distance of 20 feet (6 m) it could project a 6 foot (1.8 m) square image onto a screen. When complete, each film could last 30 – 45 seconds.

## Commercial aspects

The kammatograph was one of the product of L Kamm and Co., scientific engineers and manufacturers, 27 Powell Street, Cromwell Road, London E.C. The company produced kammatographs and all the necessary accessories.
Two selling-points were that it did not require flammable celluloid film and that it was easier for amateur photographers to use at home than other contemporary systems. A significant disadvantage was that each recording had to be short and editing was not possible.

## Impact on cinematography

A kammatograph was used around 1901 by William Norman Lascelles Davidson and Benjamin Jumeaux in experiments with colour which led to Kinemacolor which was the first commercially successful colour motion film process.
Henderina Scott pioneered time-lapse photography of plants in 1903 using a kammatograph. Kamm and Co. Ltd. assisted her in optimising the equipment for time-lapse.
# David Werner (disambiguation)

David Werner (born 1934) is an American author.
David Werner may also refer to:
* David Werner (musician), American singer
* David Werner (real estate investor) (born 1953), American real estate investor
# Randy Richards

Randy Richards (born January 24, 1991) is a Jamaican-American former professional football offensive lineman who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He made his professional debut in 2015 with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and won his first Grey Cup championship with the Calgary Stampeders in 2018. Richards was also a member of the San Diego Chargers, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Toronto Argonauts, Edmonton Football Team, and Ottawa Redblacks. He played college football for the Missouri State Bears and the College of the Sequoias.

## Professional career
### NFL

Richards was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL) on April 27, 2013 and also spent time with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers that year before being released on October 16, 2013. He was unsigned by a team in 2014.

### Saskatchewan Roughriders

Richards made his way to the CFL with the Saskatchewan Roughriders and signed with the team on May 29, 2015. He made his professional debut starting at right tackle on August 22, 2015 against the Calgary Stampeders. Richards played in two games for the Riders during the 2015 season.

### Calgary Stampeders

Richards was traded to the Calgary Stampeders on September 29, 2015, and played in the final game of the season. He was re-signed by the Stampeders following the season. From 2016 to 2018, he saw spot starting duties playing at both left and right tackle. He won the 106th Grey Cup with the Stampeders as the team's starting right tackle.

### Toronto Argonauts

In the following off-season, he signed with the Toronto Argonauts on March 6, 2019. He played in 12 games for the Argonauts in 2019. He did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season and was released by the Argonauts on December 15, 2020.

### Edmonton Football Team / Elks

Richards signed with the Edmonton Football Team on January 31, 2021. However, he retired from football on June 24, 2021 before the season started.

### Ottawa Redblacks

On March 21, 2022 the Ottawa Redblacks announced that Richards (age 31) had agreed to a contract to join the team. On February 14, 2023, Richards became a free agent.
# Corcovada, Añasco, Puerto Rico

Corcovada is a barrio in the municipality of Añasco, Puerto Rico. Its population in 2010 was 627.

## History

Corcovada was in Spain's gazetteers until Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became an unincorporated territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the combined population of Corcovada and Cerro Gordo barrios was 1,159.

## Sectors

Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions) in turn are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.
The following sectors are in Corcovada barrio:
Carretera 109.

## A "Special Community"

In 2014, Corcovada was one of the 742 places on the list of "Special Communities of Puerto Rico" Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico.
# Norman Nodel

Norman Nodel (1922 – February 22, 2000) was an American comics artist, mostly known for his work in Classics Illustrated.

## Biography

Norman Nodel was born Nochem Yeshaya in 1922.$^{:153}$
The son of an Orthodox Rabbi, Nodel served as a field artist in the U.S. Army, drawing military maps and other firsthand accounts of the war during World War II for which he received the Bronze Star medal. Many of his WWII illustrations are currently at the US Library of Congress.
During the 1940s, Nodel worked as assistant to George Marcoux, the newspaper cartoonist known for creating Supersnipe, and started creating comic-book art for True Comics and Sun Publications.
In Classics Illustrated, a comic book series that began in 1941 and featured adaptations of literary classics, he created the illustration for many issues, such as Ivanhoe, Faust, Lion of the North, Les Misérables, and The Invisible Man. In 1962, he illustrated Dr No, the Classics adaptation of the eponymous James Bond spy thriller. The same year, Nodel worked on the Classics' revised adaptation of The Man Who Laughs, where his artwork showed a Gwynplaine far more disfigured than the character's appearance in either the 1928 film or the 1950, original Classics edition. He received the Thomas Alva Edison Award for Best Children's Illustration circa 1960 for the Ten Commandments Classics Illustrated for which the Hollywood film starring Charlton Heston based their costume designs.
He began working, in 1988, for the Tzivos Hashem organisation and The Moshiach Times, a Jewish children’s magazine, creating comics for the Jewish-American market, such as "Labels for Laibel" for Hachai Publishing.
Nodel died on 25 February 2000, after realizing his plan to visit Israel.$^{:164}$
# Ficus repens

Ficus repens can refer to:
* Ficus repens Rottler, a synonym of Ficus heterophylla L.f.
* Ficus repens Roxb. ex Willd., a synonym of Ficus assamica Miq.
# Cook's swift

Cook's swift (Apus cooki) is a small bird, superficially similar to a house martin. It is, however, completely unrelated to those passerine species, since swifts are in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between the groups are due to convergent evolution reflecting similar life styles.
These birds have very short legs which they use only for clinging to vertical surfaces. The scientific name comes from the Greek απους, apous, meaning "without feet". They never settle voluntarily on the ground. Blyth's swifts spend most of their lives in the air, living on the insects they catch in their beaks.
Cook's swifts breed in limestone caves of Thailand, Myanmar and Indochina. The species has a green iridescence, a shallow tail fork and is a short distance migrant. A 2011 study has many taxonomists splitting this species from the fork-tailed swift complex.
These swifts build their nests on cliffs, laying 2–3 eggs. A swift will return to the same site year after year, rebuilding its nest when necessary.
Cook's swifts are similar in size to common swift, and they are black except for a white rump. They can be distinguished from a partially leucistic common swift by the deeper tail fork, longer wings, bigger head and larger white throat patch.
# NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies

The NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Dutch: NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies) is an organisation in the Netherlands which maintains archives and carries out historical studies into the Second World War, the Holocaust and other genocides around the world, past and present. The institute was founded as a merger of the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (Dutch: Nederlands instituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie, NIOD, formerly National Institute for War Documentation, Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor oorlogsdocumentatie, RIOD) and the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies (CHGS).
It has been part of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1 January 1999.

## Mission

According to its website, the NIOD Institute's mission is to:
   Collect, manages, opens up and makes accessible archives and collections about the Second World War. Conduct academic research and publishes about it. Give information to government bodies and individual. Stimulate and organise debates and activities about war violence and processes that are at the basis of war violence.
It administers the archives of the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, as well as large collections of clandestine newspapers and pamphlets, photographs, books and articles.

## Studies and publications

The institute published The Kingdom of the Netherlands During World War II (Dutch: Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog) in fourteen volumes and 18,000 pages. This magnum opus of Loe de Jong is the standard reference on the history of the Netherlands during World War II. The NIOD had recently made an electronic edition of the entire work, available for downloading from 11 December 2011, licensed under creative commons CC BY 3.0.
It also performed a study into the Srebrenica massacre of 1995, which led to the report Srebrenica: a 'safe' area, which led to the resignation of the second cabinet of Wim Kok.

### Other publications

* Post, Peter / Gijsbers, Harco: The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War. Publisher: Brill, Leiden/Boston, 2010. ISBN 9789004168664
* Withuis, Jolande / Mooij, Annet (eds.): The Politics of War Trauma, The Aftermath of World War II in Eleven European Countries. Publisher: Aksant, Amsterdam, 2010. ISBN 9789052603711
* Boender, Barbara / Haperen, Maria van / Üngör, Ugu: The Holocaust and other genocides. An introduction. Publisher: Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2012. ISBN 9789089643810
* Adler, Nanci: Keeping Faith with the Party: Communist Believers Return from the Gulag. Publisher: Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2012. ISBN 9780253357229
* Keizer, Madelon de (ed.) / Bakker, Marjo (ed.) / Griffin, Roger (ed.): Fascism. Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies. Publisher: Brill, Leiden, 2012. ISSN 2211-6257
# General Babcock

General Babcock may refer to:
* John B. Babcock (1843–1909), U.S. Army brigadier general
* Joshua Babcock (1707–1783), Rhode Island State Militia major general in the American Revolutionary War
* Orville E. Babcock (1835–1884), Union Army brevet brigadier general
# Knema glomerata

Knema glomerata is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree found in Borneo, the Moluccas and the Philippines.
# Kammata Durga

Kammata Durga, also spelled as Kammatadurga,(near Hemagudda) is a village in the Koppal taluk of Koppal district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Kammatadurga is located Northeast to District Headquarters Koppal.

## Importance

Kammatadurga was the capital of King Kampila father of Kumara Rama who is known to fight and defeat several invasions of both Malik kafur of Alauddin Khilji empire and tughlaq army of Muhammad ibn tughlaq and undefeated until his last war at age 27 . Kammatadurga is famous for the ancient Kammatadurga fort also called as Kumara Rama Kote located on the hill top.
# David Werner (real estate investor)

David Werner (born c. 1953) is an American real estate investor and founder of David Werner Real Estate.

## Biography

Werner was born to an Orthodox Jewish family, the son of Holocaust survivors, and raised in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan.
Werner started his career as an accountant and then began to invest in real estate with partners from his community in Brooklyn. After bidding on a building that was being sold by the estate of real estate investor Sylvan Lawrence, he found out that he had the right to seek a price reduction but instead committed to the transaction as he had given his word. In 1997, he was rewarded for his integrity by Lawrence's heirs who gave him first rights to a portfolio of four buildings which Werner purchased for $387.5 million and sold his interest for a $7.5 million profit. As one of the buildings (111 Eighth Avenue) was later sold to Google for $1.8 billion, Werner changed his investment strategy and started holding a higher interest (typically 10%) for a longer period. Werner is considered a real estate syndicator following the model pioneered by Harry Helmsley meaning that he makes a bid for a property putting down a large nonrefundable cash down payment and then goes to his investor network to raise the additional money to close the transaction and secure a fee. From 2000 to 2014, Werner purchased $10.6 billion in real estate including the 2003 purchase of 11 Madison Avenue for $673 million. In 2012, Werner partnered with Brooklyn real estate investor Joel Schreiber and purchased One Court Square for $481 million in Long Island City, Queens from Stephen L. Green's SL Green and JPMorgan Asset Management. In 2014, with $2.4 billion in purchases, he was the single largest purchaser of real estate in New York City which included the $1.5 billion purchase of 5 Times Square from Allan V. Rose's AVR Realty and the $900 million purchase of the Socony–Mobil Building from Hiro Real Estate. His long time investment partner is Mark Karasick who will own and manage the property while Werner earns a transaction fee and maintains his minority interest. In 2019, he acquired a 30% interest in 237 Park Avenue from Scott Rechler's RXR Realty and Walton Street Capital. In 2023, Werner acquired The Bridge at Collegeville, a 1.9 million SF office and life-science campus in Collegeville, PA. He subsequently renewed the anchor tenant Dow for a 15-year term in what was described as the largest lease in the Philadelphia market in over a decade.

## Personal life

Werner lives in the Borough Park neighborhood of Brooklyn with his wife.
# Effie, West Virginia

Effie is an unincorporated community located in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States.
# Farid Oulami

Farid Oulami (born 7 August 1974) is an Algerian table tennis player. He competed in the men's doubles event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
# Ryu Shichinohe

Ryū Shichinohe (七戸　龍, Shichinohe Ryū, born 14 October 1988 in Okinawa) is a male Japanese judoka.
His father, Yasuhiro Shichinohe, is a former Kyokushin karate national champion and his mother is Belgian. In childhood, he practiced both judo and karate, but at the age of 13, he chose to focus only on judo. In 2011, after graduating from Fukuoka University, he was employed by Kyushu Electric Power.
Shichinohe won the silver medal in the heavyweight (+100 kg) division at the 2014 and 2015 World Judo Championships.
# Corestheta minima

Corestheta minima is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1958. It is known from Australia.
# Compsoctena delocrossa

Compsoctena delocrossa is a moth in the family Eriocottidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found in South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Its wingspan is about 25 mm. The forewings are grey, with the tips of the scales dark fuscous and with irregular indistinct dark fuscous transverse striae, in the cell more broken into dots. The area of the cell and median area of the costa is somewhat suffused with darker but undefined. The hindwings are grey.
# General Aviation PJ

The General Aviation PJ was a flying boat produced in the United States in the 1930s as a search-and-rescue aircraft for the Coast Guard. Five were built, with one converted to be a PJ-2 with engines in the other direction. The aircraft would land and take-off on water, but did have some wheels for when it was brought up on land from the water. They were in service until August 1941.
Each of the five aircraft was named for stars. General Aviation was the then-new name for Fokker America, after it was purchased by General Motors; the other designation for this design was the AF-15. It was also called the FLB for Flying Life Boat.

## Design

Originally designated FLB (for "Flying Life Boat"), it was a conventional high-wing cantilever monoplane with a flying boat hull and outrigger pontoons mounted on the wings slightly outboard of mid-span. The twin pusher engines were carried in separate nacelles on pylons above the wings. The hull was a monocoque metal structure, and the wing was a wooden structure skinned with plywood. The basic design was based on that of the Fokker F.11, but substantially enlarged (Fokker's American operation was renamed General Aviation after purchase by General Motors in 1930). While not a true amphibian and able to land on dry land, the PJ was equipped with retractable undercarriage that functioned as its own, self-carrying beaching trolley.

## Operational history

Five examples were operated by the US Coast Guard during the 1930s, named Antares, Altair, Acrux, Acamar, and Arcturus (hull numbers FLB-51 through FLB-55). In 1933, Antares underwent a major refit that included a redesign of her engine nacelles, converting these to tractor configuration.
They were retired in August 1941.

## Variants

* PJ-1 - original version with pusher engines (five built)
* PJ-2 - version with tractor engines (one converted)

## Specifications (PJ-1)

General characteristics
* Crew: Four - two pilots, navigator, and radio operator
* Length: 53 ft 9 in (16.39 m)
* Wingspan: 74 ft 2 in (22.61 m)
* Height: 15 ft 6 in (4.73 m)
* Wing area: 754 sq ft (70.0 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 7,000 lb (3,180 kg)
* Gross weight: 11,200 lb (5,090 kg)
* Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp , 420 hp (310 kW) each
Performance
* Maximum speed: 130 mph (208 km/h, 110 kn)
* Range: 1,100 mi (1,770 km, 960 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 9,000 ft (2,745 m)
# Knema hookeriana

Knema hookeriana (sometimes misspelled K. hookerana) is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree found in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.
The Latin specific epithet hookeriana refers to William Jackson Hooker.
# Cannon (crater)

Cannon is a lunar impact crater that is located near the east-northeastern limb of the Moon's near side. It lies just to the northwest of the Mare Marginis, and south-southeast of the crater Plutarch. Farther to the east-northeast is Hubble.
This is a worn and eroded formation with an interior floor that has been resurfaced by lava. A small crater overlies the north rim, which forms a notch in the side. Tiny craters also lie across the rim northeast and at the southern edge. The interior is level and nearly featureless, with only a few tiny scattered craterlets to mark the surface. This floor has the same albedo as the surrounding terrain.
The crater is named after Annie Jump Cannon, an astronomer who classified 300,000 stellar bodies.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Cannon.
| Cannon | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| B | 17.5° N | 80.0° E | 31 km |
| E | 19.2° N | 79.1° E | 22 km |
# Mohamed Hammadi

Mohamed Hammadi (born 13 July 1985) is a Paralympic wheelchair racer from United Arab Emirates who competes in category T34 short and middle-distance events.

## Career

He won two medals in the 100 m and 200 m sprint at the 2012 Paralympics. At the 2016 Summer Paralympics, he placed fourth over 100 m, but won the 800 m event. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics he won a silver medal in the 800 metres T34 event and a bronze medal in the 100 metres T34 event.
# De Nobili School, CMRI

De Nobili School, CMRI is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The school draws it name from its association with the former Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI) and has classes one through twelve. The school is run by the Society of Jesus.
The school is named after a christian mission and Jesuit, Roberto de Nobili, who was the first foreigner to master Sanskrit, incognito, in sixteenth century Madurai. He apparently conducted himself like an orthodox Brahmin and is even said to have declared himself to be a descendant of Brahma.

## Program

De Nobili is an English medium school and other languages and cultures are taught in the curriculum. Courses of study offered lead to the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) examinations in Class 10 and the Indian School Certificate (ISC) examinations in Class 12.

### Administration

Under the administration of De Nobili Jealgora, there are Nine English medium schools (FRI, CMRI, Chandrapura, Maithon, Mugma, Sijua (Koradih), Sindri, Bhuli, and Gomoh) and two Hindi medium schools (DBH, Gomoh and St. Xavier's Tundi) and one Bengali medium at Jilling, Purulia functioning in the Districts of Dhanbad and Bokaro of Jharkhand and Purulia of west Bengal. There are more than17000 students studying in these schools and there are more than 800 teaching and 300 non-teaching staff members.
Five of these schools at CMRI, Chandrapura, Maithon, Mugma and Sindri, are functioning in agreement with the Public Sector Companies/institutions. The Director of De Nobili Schools coordinates the common academic and co-curricular activities of De Nobili Schools.
# Cook's mouse

Cook's mouse (Mus cookii) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in southern and south-eastern Asia from India to Vietnam.