OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Medemia

Medemia argun is a rare species of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) native to Egypt and Sudan. It is the only species in the genus Medemia. The palm's dried dates have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs.

## Description

Medemia argun is a robust, solitary-stemmed, dioecious palm up to 10 m (33 ft) tall with fan leaves forming a dense rounded crown. It grows in extreme desert conditions. It is typically found in dry river beds in which ground water is likely to occur.

## Distribution

Medemia argun is found only in oases inside of the Nubian Desert, in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The global population is divided in several sub-populations, with the most important (>90%) part of the population occurring in northern Sudan. The global population of Medemia argun was estimated at 7,400 individuals in the middle of the 2000s. In Egypt, only 32 individuals were counted at Dungul Oases in 2007 (Ibrahim and Baker 2009). Its area of occupancy is restricted to 880 km².

## Conservation

The palm is an IUCN Red List vulnerable species, due to habitat loss and artisanal mining. Currently, almost all the area where the palm occurs has been demarcated and leased by the government as concessions for national and foreign gold companies (Ali 2016, H. Ibrahim. pers. comm. 2017). Mining activities within the distribution of Medemia argun result in major landscape disturbance due to large scale excavations and tunneling. In addition, the mining companies seek ground water by drilling holes and digging exploration trenches, which cause both severe habitat degradation and destruction for the species. Moreover, mercury and cyanide are used in gold mining, leading to the pollution of ground water.
The palm is also threatened by climate change, which will likely stress existing populations and inhibit the recruitment of juveniles.
In Egypt, the species occurs in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve and Dungul Oasis. In 2003 an ex situ conservation experiment was done in University of Aswan, Egypt, where 21 seedlings had been planted in the University desert garden. Some of them are now fruiting. Medemia argun has also been introduced to cultivation outside Africa.
* Medemia argun's immature fruits.
* Trunk.
* Aspect of the crown.
# Megachile siamensis

Megachile siamensis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1927.
# Megachile serricauda

Megachile serricauda is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1910.
# Communication Research (journal)

Communication Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of communication studies and explores the processes, antecedents, and consequences of communication in a broad range of societal systems. The editors-in-chief are Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick (Ohio State University) and Jennifer Gibbs (University of California, Santa Barbara). It was established 1974 and is published by SAGE Publishing.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO databases, ERIC, ProQuest databases, Scopus, and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 3.391, ranking it 3rd out of 84 journals in the category "Communication".
# Communication Service for the Deaf

Communication Service for the Deaf (CSD) is a global social impact organization founded in 1975 by Benjamin Soukup. CSD provides technologies, resources, and services that benefit the deaf and hard-of-hearing community.
CSD is made up of several divisions that are each focused on meeting different needs within the deaf community. These include interpreting and customer service platforms, job training, educational resources, engineering insights and services, advocacy, and business development support.

## Mission

CSD is a deaf-led social impact organization with the mission of identifying and cultivating opportunities for deaf people to achieve success through multiple approaches: service delivery, communication solutions, innovation engineering, impact investing, and community building.

## History

* 1975: CSD was founded when it began providing sign language interpreting services in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
* 1981: CSD began providing a 24-hour Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
* 1982: Established a community education program focused on independent living, employment services, and drug/alcohol education and advocacy.
* 1986: Established a job training program.
* 1992: CSD partners with Sprint to expand Telecommunications Relay Services.
* 1999: CSD Initiates Video Relay Service (VRS) and Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) Trials in South Dakota.
* 2000: Supported the establishment of a domestic violence program in Minnesota.
* 2004: CSD partners with America Online (AOL) to provide deaf-friendly customer support to AOL members.
* 2009: FCC grants CSD $1.1 million to implement an awareness campaign about the transition to digital television (DTV).
* 2010: US Dept. Of Commerce – National Telecommunication and Information Administration grants CSD a $14.9 million contract for nationwide broadband and equipment deployment.
* 2011: CSD launches nationwide TRS, CapTel, VRS, VRI and equipment distribution services in New Zealand.
* 2017: CSD launches the CSD Social Venture Fund to cultivate deaf-owned enterprises.
# Communication Services and General Workers Trade Union

The Communication Services and General Workers Trade Union was a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago that transferred its daily paid members to the National Union of Government Employees in 1959. The Union no longer exists.
# CIXL-FM

CIXL-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting in Welland, Ontario. It uses the on-air brand name Classic Rock 91.7 Giant FM, and broadcasts a classic rock format at 91.7 MHz. It is one of the few commercial FM radio stations on its frequency that can be heard in the United States, where frequencies between 88.1 and 91.9 MHz are set aside for noncommercial stations (a stipulation not required in Canada, CIXL's originating country). CIXL's geographical position puts it in direct competition with WGRF Buffalo, CFLZ-FM Fort Erie, Stingray's CHBM-FM Toronto and WHTT Buffalo.
Giant FM's studios are located on the Port Colborne - Welland border, on Forks Road, and its transmitter is located on Matthews Road in Welland.

## History

The station originally owned by Gordon W. Burnett's "Wellport Broadcasting Ltd." and was launched in June 1957 as CHOW (known on-air as "C-How,") located at 1470 kHz on the AM dial. A daytimer when it was originally launched, the station began offering nighttime service within a few months. It offered an easy listening format until 1975, when it switched to country.
In 1990, the CRTC denied Wellport Broadcasting's application for a new FM station at Port Colborne. Instead, a licence was given to CJFT in Fort Erie so that it could move to the FM band. In 1992, the CRTC once again denied Wellport's application for a new FM radio station at Port Colborne.
In 1994, the station was purchased by Suzanne Rochon-Burnett through numbered company 1019415 Ontario Inc., the first aboriginal woman in Canada to own a commercial radio station. Rochon-Burnett was later named to the Order of Canada. The station moved to 91.7 FM in 1999. and was rebranded as Spirit 91.7. In 1998, the station received CRTC approval to relocate CHOW-FM's transmitter and decreasing the effective radiated power from 27,420 watts to 25,000 watts.
The station was purchased by David Holgate in 2004. The following year, CHOW switched to an adult hits format, adopting its the CIXL call sign and branding. In late August 2008, the station adopted its current classic rock format, but retained the "Giant FM" branding. The call sign CHOW was recycled to "Radio Boréal", in Amos, Quebec. It was later given permission to increase ERP to 27,420 watts, once again.
On December 9, 2013, R.B Communications Ltd., the owner of CIXL, submitted an application to operate a new country music station at Welland at 89.1 MHz. The new station received CRTC approval on June 26, 2014.
On May 10, 2019, Stingray Group announced its purchase of R.B. Communications' two stations. The sale has since fallen through, and Wellport Broadcasting remains owner, for the time being. In 2022, Wellport announced a new deal to sell CIXL and CKYY to My Broadcasting Corporation.
On September 20, 2022, the CRTC approved the change of ownership from R.B. Communications Ltd. to My Broadcasting Corporation.
# CIXF-FM

CIXF-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 101.1 FM in Brooks, Alberta. The station broadcasts a classic hits format branded as Boom 101.1 and is owned by Stingray Group.

## History

The station received CRTC approval on December 19, 2003 and was launched on October 11, 2005 as 101.1 The Fox originally with a classic hits format.
On January 18, 2011, the station flipped to a hot adult contemporary format as The One @ 101.1.
In July 2017, the station changed to adult hits as Boom 101.1.
# Juvardeil

Juvardeil (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.
# Compact semigroup

In mathematics, a compact semigroup is a semigroup in which the sets of solutions to equations can be described by finite sets of equations. The term "compact" here does not refer to any topology on the semigroup.
Let S be a semigroup and X a finite set of letters. A system of equations is a subset E of the Cartesian product X$^∗$ × X$^∗$ of the free monoid (finite strings) over X with itself. The system E is satisfiable in S if there is a map f from X to S, which extends to a semigroup morphism f from X$^+$ to S, such that for all (u,v) in E we have f(u) = f(v) in S. Such an f is a solution, or satisfying assignment, for the system E.
Two systems of equations are equivalent if they have the same set of satisfying assignments. A system of equations if independent if it is not equivalent to a proper subset of itself. A semigroup is compact if every independent system of equations is finite.

## Examples

* A free monoid on a finite alphabet is compact.
* A free monoid on a countable alphabet is compact.
* A finitely generated free group is compact.
* A trace monoid on a finite set of generators is compact.
* The bicyclic monoid is not compact.

## Properties

* The class of compact semigroups is closed under taking subsemigroups and finite direct products.
* The class of compact semigroups is not closed under taking morphic images or infinite direct products.

## Varieties

The class of compact semigroups does not form an equational variety. However, a variety of monoids has the property that all its members are compact if and only if all finitely generated members satisfy the maximal condition on congruences (any family of congruences, ordered by inclusion, has a maximal element).
# Juvigny, Aisne

Juvigny (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
# Edward Talbot

Edward Talbot may refer to:
* Edward Talbot, 8th Earl of Shrewsbury (1561–1617)
* Edward Kelley (1555–1597), also known as Edward Talbot, notorious English criminal and medium
* Edward Talbot (bishop) (1844–1934), Anglican bishop
* Edward Talbot (priest) (1693–1720), Archdeacon of Berkshire, son of William Talbot
* Edward Allen Talbot (1796–1839), immigrant to Upper Canada
* Edward Keble Talbot (1877–1949), English Anglican priest
# Edward V. Shepard

Edward Valentine Shepard (1866 – 1937) was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century.

## Life, career, and works

Shepard was a native of Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Samuel Shepard and Sarah Woodward Shepard. He was graduated from MIT in 1889 with a civil engineering degree, after which he worked in South America and Mexico as well as Massachusetts, also working for the United States Patent Office and teaching at Columbia University. He also devoted many years to his bridge career.
Shepard's engineering training led him to apply mathematical analysis to bridge. His 1913 work Scientific Auction Bridge was the first American book to deal extensively with the mathematics and distribution of bridge hands.
Shepard was one of the twelve members of the Bridge Headquarters, organized in 1931 and representing bridge's "old guard" against the insurgent Ely Culbertson.
Shepard was an honorary member of the British Bridge League and the American Bridge League. The Shepard Club, an early Portland, Maine, bridge club organized by John B. Thomes, was named in his honor.
Shepard died February 9, 1937, at home in Manhattan.

## Publications

* Shepard, Edward Valentine (2012) [1913]. Scientific Auction Bridge: A Clear Exposition of the Game to Aid Both the Beginner and the Experienced Player, With explicit and Easy Rules for Bidding and Playing (Reprint ed.). [New York & London]: [Harper] Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1286411711. LCCN 13006351.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1913). Expert Auction: A Clear Exposition of the Game as Actually Played by Experts. New York & London: Harper and Brothers. LCCN 16015351.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1920). Correct Auction. New York & London: Harper and Brothers. LCCN 20021194.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1923). Auction To Win: A Textbook Demonstrating the Highest Type of Game as Developed and Played by Leading Experts. New York: Reynolds Publishing Company. LCCN 23009586.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (c. 1927). Win At Bridge: Auction Bridge Made Simpler, More Definite, Easier to Win; Contract Bridge Introduced. New York: Reynolds Publishing Company. LCCN 27011507.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1929). Correct Contract Bridge; including the official laws of contract bridge adopted by the Whist Club, New York, and by all the leading clubs in America. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company. LCCN 29013873.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1930). Contract Bridge Summary. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Banknote Printing Company. LCCN 30016946.
* Shepard, Edward Valentine (1931). Contract Bridge Standardized. New York: Cosmopolitan Book Corporation. LCCN 31025606.
# Egogepa

Egogepa is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Egogepa crassata Wang & Li, 2006
* Egogepa zosta Razowski, 1977
# Megischus bicolor

Megischus bicolor is a species of parasitic wasp found in the United States and northern Mexico.
# Jõeäär

Jõeäär is an Estonian language toponymic surname meaning "riverside". As of 1 January 2021, 80 men and 75 women in Estonia have the surname Jõeäär. Jõeäär is ranked as the 1,121st most common surname for men in Estonia, and 1,381st for women. The surname Jõeäär is most common in Saare County, where 7.74 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.
Notable people bearing the surname Jõeäär include:
* Aleksander Jõeäär (1890–1959), politician and lawyer
* Gert Jõeäär (born 1987), road bicycle racer
# Egyptian (1799 ship)

Egyptian was launched in 1788 in France. She was taken in prize circa 1799 and became a Liverpool-based slave ship. She made two complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She was condemned at Jamaica after having delivered her captives on her third voyage.

## Career

Egyptian first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR), in 1800.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1800 | J. Pince | Timperon | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1800–1801): Captain John Pince acquired a letter of marque on 23 July 1800. Captain Pince sailed from Liverpool on 7 August 1800. In 1800, 133 ships cleared from English ports for the enslaving trade; 120 of these sailed from Liverpool.
He acquired captives at Cape Coast Castle, Anomabu, and Winnabeck (Wiamba); Egyptian was reported "all well" at Winnabeck on 9 January 1801, together with another Timperon-owned ship, Ann, Riddle, master. She arrived at Kingston with 390 captives on 9 June 1801. She sailed from Kingston on 24 July, and arrived back at Liverpool on 21 September.
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| 1805 | J. Pince T.Cannel | Timperon | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1804–1805): Captain Thomas Cannell acquired a letter of marque on 13 July 1804. Captain Cannell sailed from Liverpool on 31 July 1804. In 1804, 147 ships cleared from English ports for the enslaving trade; 126 of these sailed from Liverpool.
Captain Cannell acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at Kingston on 12 January 1805 with 329 captives. Egyptian sailed from Kingston on 25 March 1805 and arrived back at Liverpool on 6 June. She had left Liverpool with 49 crew members and she had suffered eight crew deaths on her voyage.
3rd voyage transporting enslaved people (1804–1805): Captain Cannell sailed from Liverpool on 16 August 1805. Egyptian embarked slaves at Bonny. She arrived at Kingston on 29 January 2806 with 392 slaves.

## Fate

Lloyd's List reported in June 1806 that Egyptian had been condemned at Kingston. The 1806 volume of the Register of Shipping (RS) carried the annotation "Condemned" by her name.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Letter of Marque, p.60 – Retrieved 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
* ↑ LR (1800), "E" supple. pages.
* 1 2 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Egyptian voyage #81150.
* 1 2 Williams (1897), p. 680.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4145. 24 April 1801. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
* 1 2 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Egyptian voyage #81151.
* ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Egyptian voyage #81152.
* ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4061. 13 June 1806. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
* ↑ RS (1806), Seq.No.E148.
# Caccia e Pesca

Caccia e Pesca (Hunting and Fishing) is an Italy-based premium television channel about hunting and fishing.
# Ei koskaan

Ei koskaan ("Never" in Finnish) is the fourth and last single from Ruoska's fifth album, Rabies. It was released digitally on the band's official MySpace page in April 2008 and on EMI's website (along with the music video).
# Megachile compacta

Megachile compacta is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Smith in 1879.
# Caity Thompson
## Personal

Caity Thompson is an American Women's Sabreist from Portland, Oregon. She holds 5 women’s Saber fencing world championships titles, 4 of which are gold. She grew up in Beaverton and graduated from Penn State University.

## History

Caity Thompson competed in fencing for fourteen years and was a member of the Oregon Fencing Alliance (OFA) where she trained with Ed Korfanty and Adam Skarbonkiewicz . She is the youngest American National champion in history, claiming her title at 14. Caity had a decorated fencing career including numerous world titles. She claimed her first individual world title In 2004 becoming the under-17 Cadet World Champion. Throughout her career she was a member of several United States World teams including the 2004 Cadet and Junior team, the 2005 Junior and National team and the 2006 Junior and National team. She went on to win 5 World Championship medals, four of which were gold. These titles included the United States first gold medal in Women's Saber team history during the 2005 Senior World Championships in Leipzig, Germany.

## College career

Caity received the award of "Most Valuable Women's fencer" her freshman year ending the season with a record of 21-4. She was named an All-American in all four years she competed. In 2007, Caity Thompson and Doris Willette led Penn State to win their first NCAA fencing title in 4 years. Caity went 22-2 in the championship meet, with Doris Willette going 23-1. Caity took 2007-2008 year off to train for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China. She later returned to Penn State helping them to claim two more National Champion titles.
# Caernarfon Bay

Caernarfon Bay (occasionally Caernarvon Bay) is an inlet of the Irish Sea defined by the Llŷn peninsula and Anglesey.
The gentle coastline surrounding it is home to villages including Nefyn, Pistyll, Trefor, Llithfaen , and Clynnog Fawr on the mainland, and Aberffraw, Llanddwyn and Rhosneigr on Anglesey.
The Menai Strait heads north east to link the bay to Conwy Bay.
# Caernarfon Criminal Justice Centre

The Caernarfon Criminal Justice Centre is a Crown Court venue, which deals with criminal cases, in Llanberis Road, Caernarfon, Wales.

## History

Until the early 21st century, criminal court hearings in Caernarfon were held in the County Hall at Castle Ditch. However, as the number of court cases in Caernarfon grew, it became necessary to commission a more modern courthouse for criminal matters: the site selected in Llanberis Road had been occupied by Segontium School, which had dated from 1912 but which had closed in 2005.
Work on the new building started in May 2007, when the Lord Chancellor, Lord Falconer, cut the first sod. It was designed by Austin-Smith:Lord in the Modernist style, built by Balfour Beatty in dark blue and red brick at a cost of £12 million and was completed in May 2009.
The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage facing onto Llanberis Road. The plan involved two wings, one intended for the offices and the other for the courtrooms. The left hand section was built in dark blue brick and was fenestrated with single, bi-partite and tri-partite casement windows on two floors, while the right hand section, which was projected forward, was built in red brick and featured a grey stone-clad portico on the left with Royal coat of arms at first floor level above, and a large expanse of glazing on the right. Internally, the building was laid out to accommodate four courtrooms. The design was commended in the BREEAM Awards for Wales in 2009.
The building was subsequently sold to London & Capital Group and leased back from that company under a private developer scheme initiative.
Notable cases included the trial and conviction of Colin Milburn, in November 2022, for the murder of his long-term partner, Buddug Jones.
# Caer y Twr

Caer y Twr (meaning 'fort of the pile/heap') is an Iron Age hillfort atop the summit of the Holyhead Mountain in Anglesey, Wales.
The hillfort, which is situated among rocky outcrops, is ideally placed for defence and likely served as a watchtower and possibly as a signal tower. Some have speculated that it was built to alert a small fort in the modern town of Holyhead in the case of raiders coming in from the Irish Sea, while others have suggested that it may have been a lighthouse.
The hillfort is now mostly rubble, but its walls can still be made out, including a large stone rampart on the north and east sides which reaches 3 metres at points. The entrance to the fort was through a rocky gully. The footings of a tower were discovered when the site was excavated; its stones are believed to date from the 2nd to the 4th centuries.
Nestled below Caer y Twr is a group of several enclosed huts, named Cytiau Tŷ Mawr (the Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles), that also date from the 3rd to the 4th centuries, some of which still contain the accoutrements of life, such as hearths and shelves.
# Concobar mac Tadg Ua Cellaigh

Concobar mac Tadg Ua Cellaig, 37th King of Uí Maine, and 2nd Chief of the Name, died 1030.
There was formerly some confusion as to the succession of the kingdom following the death of Tadhg Mór at Clontarf in 1014. A poem, apparently wrote to praise Eoghan Ó Madadhan (died 1347) and his ancestors, though they never held the rule of that kingdom.
The annals state that Concobar mac Tadg Ua Cellaig was King of Uí Maine and was killed in battle by the men of Tethbae in 1030. His brother Diarmaid was killed in 1065. Both men were sons of the previous chief.
| Preceded byTadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh | King of Uí Maine 1014–1030 | Succeeded byMac Tadhg Ua Cellaigh |
# Con Tu Amor

Con Tu Amor (With Your Love) may refer to:
* Con Tu Amor (album), a 1981 album by Juan Gabriel
* "Con Tu Amor", 1994 song by Cristian Castro from the album El Camino del Alma