# Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2023

The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2023 (H.R. 5744) is a bill in the United States House of Representatives that proposes a fee on carbon at the point of extraction to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The fees are recycled to citizens in monthly dividends. Most recently on September 27, 2023, the bill was reintroduced in the 118th Congress as H. R. 5744, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2023. The act was originally introduced in 2018 with bipartisan support from six co-sponsors and died when the 115th congress ended on 3 January 2019. It is principally based on Citizens' Climate Lobby's carbon fee and dividend proposal, and this organization advocates for the bill.

## 2018 bill

The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2018 was a proposed 2018 bill that intended to "create a Carbon Dividend Trust Fund for the American people in order to encourage market-driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations." The bill was originally introduced by Representative Ted Deutch (D-FL) on November 27, 2018, with bipartisan support from 4 co-sponsors. A companion bill was introduced into the United States Senate by Chris Coons (D-DE) and Jeff Flake (R-AZ) on December 19, 2018. The bill died when the 115th Congress ended on January 3, 2019. The bill was reintroduced in the 116th Congress as the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019.

## 2019 bill

On 24 January 2019, the bill was reintroduced into the house by Representative Ted Deutch on behalf of himself and six other original cosponsors.
The 2019 version obtained 86 but was not voted on.

## 2021 bill

On April 1, 2021, the bill was reintroduced in the 117th Congress as H.R. 2307, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2021.

## Description of the bill

The bill intends to:
* Introduce a rising upstream fee on the carbon content of fuels.
* Rebate fee revenues with an equal share to adults with a Social Security number or Taxpayer Identification Number, and a half-share for all minors younger than 19 per household
* Introduce a border carbon adjustment
* Adjust some regulations which would be duplicative, keep others including CAFE vehicle standards
If passed, the 2023 bill would amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to:
* Introduce a carbon tax at the point of extraction, beginning at $15 per metric ton of CO₂-e (carbon dioxide equivalent) and increasing each year by $10 (adjusted by inflation) or more, depending on its effectiveness, with exemptions for fuel used for military and farm purposes and fluorinated gases,
* rebate revenue with an equal share to adults with a Social Security number or Taxpayer Identification Number, and a half-share for all minors and adults younger than 19 per household, and
* introduce a border carbon adjustment on imported carbon-intensive products to discourage companies moving abroad.
It would also make adjustments to the Clean Air Act to limit the Environmental Protection Agency from placing restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions under some conditions.

## Cosponsors

As of September 27, 2023, the bill has been introduced multiple times in the House of Representatives. The sponsors have varied from year to year.
| Sponsor | Party | District | 2018 Sponsor | 2019 Sponsor | 2021 Sponsor | 2023 Sponsor |
| Brian Fitzpatrick | Republican | PA-8 | Yes | No | No | No |
| Ted Deutch | Former Democrat | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Judy Chu | Democratic | CA-27 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Charlie Crist | Democratic | FL-13 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Anna Eshoo | Democratic | CA-18 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dan Lipinski | Former Democrat | N/A | Yes | Yes | | |
| Francis Rooney | Former Republican | N/A | Yes | Yes | | |
| Scott Peters | Democratic | CA-52 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dean Phillips | Democratic | MN-03 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Hank Johnson | Democratic | GA-04 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Salud Carbajal | Democratic | CA-24 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Alcee Hastings | Democratic | FL-20 | No | Yes | No | No |
| Susan Wild | Democratic | PA-15 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Yvette Clarke | Democratic | NY-09 | No | Yes | No | No |
| Jackie Speier | Democratic | CA-14 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jan Schakowsky | Democratic | IL-09 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Gerry Connolly | Democratic | VA-11 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Chellie Pingree | Democratic | ME-01 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Mark DeSaulnier | Democratic | CA-11 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Adam Schiff | Democratic | CA-28 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Angie Craig | Democratic | MN-02 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tom Malinowski | Democratic | NJ-07 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Albio Sires | Democratic | NJ-08 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Harley Rouda | Former Democrat | N/A | Yes | Yes | | |
| Jim McGovern | Democratic | MA-02 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Barbara Lee | Democratic | CA-13 | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Gil Cisneros | Former Democrat | N/A | Yes | Yes | | |
| Mike Levin | Democratic | CA-49 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Pete Aguilar | Democratic | CA-31 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Denny Heck | Democratic | WA-10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Katie Porter | Democratic | CA-45 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Robin Kelly | Democratic | IL-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Al Lawson | Democratic | FL-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jim Himes | Democratic | CT-04 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Andy Levin | Democratic | MI-09 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Ted Lieu | Democratic | CA-33 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Seth Moulton | Democratic | MA-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jamie Raskin | Democratic | MD-08 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Veronica Escobar | Democratic | TX-16 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Kathleen Rice | Democratic | NY-04 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| David Price | Democratic | NC-04 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Susan Davis | Democratic | CA-53 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Alma Adams | Democratic | NC-12 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dwight Evans | Democratic | PA-03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Madeleine Dean | Democratic | PA-04 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Bennie Thompson | Democratic | MS-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dan Kildee | Democratic | MI-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Steve Cohen | Democratic | TN-09 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Joe Neguse | Democratic | CO-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Danny Davis | Democratic | IL-07 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Brenda Lawrence | Democratic | MI-14 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| David Trone | Democratic | MD-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Matt Cartwright | Democratic | PA-08 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Karen Bass | Democratic | CA-37 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Bonnie Watson Coleman | Democratic | NJ-12 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dutch Ruppersberger | Democratic | MD-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Joseph Morelle | Democratic | NY-25 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Derek Kilmer | Democratic | WA-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lucy McBath | Democratic | GA-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Ed Perlmutter | Democratic | CO-07 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Emanuel Cleaver | Democratic | MO-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Brad Sherman | Democratic | CA-30 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jesús "Chuy" García | Democratic | IL-04 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Thomas Suozzi | Democratic | NY-03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lou Correa | Democratic | CA-46 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lucille Roybal-Allard | Democratic | CA-40 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Grace Meng | Democratic | NY-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Linda Sánchez | Democratic | CA-38 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| John Yarmuth | Democratic | KY-03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Gregory Meeks | Democratic | NY-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Sanford Bishop | Democratic | GA-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Sean Patrick Maloney | Democratic | NY-18 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Donald M. Payne | Democratic | NJ-10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lacy Clay | Democratic | MO-1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Ami Bera | Democratic | CA-7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Ann McLane Kuster | Democratic | NH-02 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Grace Napolitano | Democratic | CA-32 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Mary Gay Scanlon | Democratic | PA-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Jason Crow | Democratic | CO-06 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Frederica Wilson | Democratic | FL-24 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tony Cardenas | Democratic | CA-29 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Norma Torres | Democratic | CA-35 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Mike Quigley | Democratic | IL-05 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Andre Carson | Democratic | IN-07 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| John Garamendi | Democratic | CA-03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Joyce Beatty | Democratic | OH-03 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |

## Reactions

The Center on Global Energy Policy published a comparison of the 2018 version of the bill to other carbon tax proposals.

### Support

In the weeks following the reintroduction of the bill, several publications including The Washington Post, the Missoulian, and the Daily Camera published op-eds and editorials in support of the bill.
The bill is also supported by climate scientist and activist James Hansen and former secretary of state George Shultz. The governments (or parts of the governments) of several localities, including the following with more than 50,000 residents, have signed resolutions urging the United States Congress to pass the act:
* Anchorage, Alaska
* Birmingham, Alabama Transit Citizens Advisory Board
* Bloomington, Indiana Environmental Commission
* Cincinnati, Ohio
* Coconut Creek, Florida
* Corvallis, Oregon City Council
* Durham, North Carolina
* Encinitas, California
* Hoboken, New Jersey
* Jackson, Mississippi
* Los Angeles County, California
* Olympia, Washington
* Palm Beach County, Florida
* Richmond, California
* Rochester, New York
* San Jose, California
* Santa Ana, California
* Syracuse, New York
* Tompkins County, New York
It has also been publicly supported by several small businesses and nonprofit organizations including Protect Our Winters.
The Environmental Defense Fund called it "an inspiring step in the right direction."

### Opposition

The Center for Biological Diversity published a press release opposing the bill on the basis that its adjustments to the Clean Air Act would "only give us climate disaster."
In April 2019, novelist and leading member of Orange County for Climate Action Roger Gloss posted his opposition to HR 763, noting the lack of annual emissions targets, and the first assessment of whether targets are being met in 2030, the year in which the IPCC says emissions must have already been halved.