OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# D524 road

D524 is a state road in central Croatia connecting the D28 in Predavac and the D43 near Letičani, comprising the northern bypass of the city of Bjelovar. The road is 8.5 km (5.3 mi) long.
This and all other state roads in Croatia are managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.

## Traffic volume

Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the road.
D524 traffic volume :
| Road | Counting site | AADT | ASDT | Notes |
| D524 | 2104 Bjelovar bypass | 4,155 | 4,625 | Adjacent to the D28 junction. |

## Road junctions and populated areas

D524 junctions/populated areas :
* Slip roads/Notes
* D43 to Đurđevac (D2) (to the north) and to Bjelovar (to the south). The eastern terminus of the road.
* Ž2143 to Novi Skucani (to the north) and to Bjelovar (D28) (to the south).
* Ž3024 to Plavnice Gornje (to the north) and to Bjelovar (D43) (to the south).
* Predavac D28 to Sveti Ivan Žabno (D22) (to the west) and to Bjelovar (to the southeast). The western terminus of the road.

## Sources

* ↑ "Decision on categorization of public roads as state roads, county roads and local roads". Narodne novine (in Croatian). February 17, 2010.
* ↑ "Public Roads Act". Narodne novine (in Croatian). December 14, 2004.
* ↑ "Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 - digest" (PDF). Hrvatske ceste. May 1, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011.
# Küçükalan, Çavdır

Küçükalan is a village in the Çavdır District of Burdur Province in Turkey. Its population is 331 (2021).
# Roberto Brodsky

Roberto Brodsky Baudet (born 1957, Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean novelist and screenwriter. He has written four novels, several film and theater scripts, and over 250 articles published in national newspapers and magazines. Baudet was awarded the 2007 Jaén Prize for Best Novel and the 2009 Martin Nuez Award, both for his 2008 novel Bosque Quemado (Burnt Forest). He lives in New York City with his wife and family. He is adjunct professor at the Center for Latin American Studies in Georgetown University.

## Novels

* 2008 – Bosque quemado (Burnt Forest), Premio Jaén - España
* 2004 – El arte de callar (The Art of Silence)
* 2001 – Los últimos días de la historia (The Last Days of History)
* 1999 – El peor de los héroes (The Worst of Heroes)

## Short stories

* "El crimen de escribir" (The Crime of Writing)
* "Con Pasión" (With passion)

## Filmography - scripts

* 2010 – Mi vida con Carlos (My Life with Carlos) - documentary
* 2007 – The Toast
* 2005 – Divina Day
* 2004 – Machuca, co-script writer

## Theater - scripts

* 1986 – La pieza que falta (The Missing Piece), co-author
* 1983 – Homenaje al surrealismo (Hommage to Surrealism)
* 1980 – Lily, yo te quiero (Lily, I love you), co-author

## Personal life

* Roberto Brodsky lives with his wife and children, Pascual, Sam, and Sara.
# Bénézet

Bénézet (also Benedict, Benezet, Benet, Benoît; c. 1163 – 1184) is a saint of the Catholic Church.

## Biography

Christian tradition states that he was a shepherd boy who had a vision during an eclipse in 1177, which led him to build a bridge over the Rhône River at Avignon.
He was told that angels would watch over his flocks in his absence. He built the bridge single-handedly, as ecclesiastical and civil authorities refused to help him. Bénézet, it is said, lifted a huge stone into place, and announced it would be the start of the foundation. This would become the Pont Saint-Bénézet.
According to the legend, there were shouts of "Miracle! Miracle!" when Bénézet had laid the first stone. Eighteen miracles occurred during this incident, including the blind having their sight restored, the deaf hearing again, cripples walking, and hunchbacks had their backs straightened.
Bénézet thus won support for his project from wealthy sponsors who, it is claimed, formed themselves into the Bridge-Building Brotherhood to fund the bridge’s construction.

## Veneration

After his death, Bénézet was interred on the bridge itself, in a small chapel dedicated to Saint Nicholas, patron saint of mariners, standing on one of the bridge's surviving piers on the Avignon side. His relics were enshrined there until 1669, when a flood washed away part of the bridge. His coffin, recovered, was opened and the body of Bénézet was found to be incorrupt. The relics were translated to Avignon Cathedral and thence to the Celestine church of Saint Didier. The remains of the bridge are still a pilgrimage site.
# David Dinsmore

David Dinsmore (born 2 September 1968) is a Scottish newspaper executive and a former editor of The Sun newspaper.

## Early career

Dinsmore grew up in Glasgow, and began working for News International at the age of 22.
He was employed by the Clydebank Post and then later he worked as a reporter for the Eastwood Mercury, Milngavie Herald and Kirkintilloch Herald newspapers.
In 1991, Dinsmore became a casual reporter for the Scottish Sun newspaper. At the same time he began a degree in business management at Paisley University. His first full-time role as a reporter came with the Daily Star in their Edinburgh office.

## Career with News Corp

Dinsmore returned to the Scottish Sun as a reporter in 1994, he then rose through the ranks of that paper to become sub-editor, then chief sub-editor. and made the move to London after becoming picture editor of the News of the World under Phil Hall.
In 2004, Dinsmore became night editor of The Sun, and in 2006, he was appointed editor of the Scottish edition of the paper, serving until 2010. He then became general manager of the paper in Scotland, then in quick succession managing editor in London, and director of operations for News International. Dinsmore was appointed editor of The Sun in June 2013, replacing Dominic Mohan.
Following his appointment to the job, he faced criticism as a result of the growing support for the No More Page 3 campaign, which challenged the appropriateness of bare breasts in the family newspaper. In November 2013, he stated that he had no intention of dropping the Page 3 feature, despite the pressure from campaign supporters including politicians, celebrities and student bodies. In December 2014, Dinsmore was named sexist of the year by End Violence Against Women. The Page 3 feature of a topless women came to end in January 2015.
Under his editorship The Sun's online presence went behind a paywall, however Dinsmore is credited with growing the online subscriber base, doubling the number of paying customers from an initial 117,000 to 225,000. Dinsmore has won also plaudits from the media industry, ranking at 27 in the 2014 Media Guardian 100, and at 67 in GQ magazine's 2015 'Most Connected Men in Britain' list. On 2 September 2015, he was promoted to Chief Operating Officer of News UK, and Tony Gallagher succeeded him as editor of The Sun.
# Nicholas Loftus

Nicholas Loftus (1592-1666) was an Irish politician and public official.
He was the son of Sir Dudley Loftus and the grandson of Adam Loftus, the Archbishop of Dublin and an influential political figure in Tudor Ireland. His mother Anne Bagenal was from a leading Ulster family headed by Sir Nicholas Bagenal. She later remarried to the prominent judge Lord Sarsfield, who thus became Nicholas' stepfather.
Nicholas' elder brother Sir Adam Loftus was made Vice-Treasurer of Ireland during the administration of Thomas Wentworth while Nicholas was appointed as an Irish Treasury official, with the title Clerk of the Pells, under him. He was elected as a member of the Parliament of Ireland in 1613 and 1634, representing the seat of Fethard in County Wexford. In the 1640 Parliament he sat for County Wexford seat. In the Parliament elected in 1661, he sat once again for Fethard.
In 1623, he married Margaret Chetham, the daughter of Thomas Chetham, a prosperous landowner from Nuthurst (now New Moston), Lancashire, who later acquired an estate at Hacketstown, County Wicklow, and his first wife Mary Forster. By his wife he had fourteen children, of whom six sons and five daughters reached adult life. After his death in 1666, he was succeeded by his eldest son Sir Nicholas Loftus. The second son Henry was the father of Nicholas Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus, who inherited his uncle's estates after the failure of his male line.
# Prajapati (disambiguation)

Prajapati is a Vedic deity of Hinduism.
Prajapati may also refer to:

## Religion
### Hindu deities

* Agni, god of fire
* Daksha, god of ritual
* Brahma, god of creation
* Indra, king of the devas
* Vishvakarma, divine architect of the devas

### Buddhism

* Mahapajapati Gotami, foster mother of The Buddha

## Arts and entertainment

* Prajapati (novel), a 1967 Bengali-language novel by Indian writer Samaresh Basu
** Prajapati (film), a 1993 Indian Bengali-language film adaptation by Biplab Chatterjee
* Prajapathi, a 2006 Indian Malayalam-language action drama film by Ranjith

## People

* Kumhar, a caste or community in India, Nepal and Pakistan, sometimes referred to as "Prajapati"
** Vataliya Prajapati, a Hindu subcaste of the Kumhar

### Given name

* Prajapati Mishra (1898–1952), Indian politician
* Prajapati Trivedi (born 1953), Indian economist

### Surname

* Tulsiram Prajapati (died 2005), Indian man killed in custody
* Aryan Prajapati (born 2008), Indian child actor
* Maharaji Prajapati, Indian politician
* Gayatri Prasad Prajapati, Indian politician, convicted of rape and imprisoned
* Sunil Prajapati, Nepalese politician
* Kashyap Prajapati (born 1995), Indian-born cricketer
* Archana Prajapati (born 1996 or 1997), Indian actress and model
* Arjun Prajapati (1957–2020), Indian artist
* Brajesh Kumar Prajapati, Indian politician
* N. P. Prajapati (1958), Indian politician
* Shivcharan Prajapati, Indian politician
* M. R. Prajapati, Indian rural innovator and inventor
* Govind Prajapati, Indian politician
* Dharmveer Prajapati (born 1963), Indian politician
* Ranbir Singh Prajapati (born 1964), Indian politician
* Deepika Prajapati (born 1994), Indian archer
* Shailesh Prajapati actor of Ernie, a supporting character in Power Rangers Megaforce
* Bala Prajapathi Adikalar, religious figure in Ayyavazhi

## Other

* Prajapati Halt railway station, a railway station in Bihar, India
* Prajapati Nagar metro station, of the Nagpur Metro in Nagpur, India
* Daksh Prajapati temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Uttarakhand, India
# Jesse Robinson House

Jesse Robinson House may refer to two houses listed on the National Register of Historic Places of the United States:
* Jesse Robinson House (Seaford, Delaware), a mix of Greek Revival and Italianate styles
* Jesse Robinson House (Wellsboro, Pennsylvania), Queen Anne style
# Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis

The Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis ("Ritter dos Reis University Center" in English), better known as UniRitter, is a university in Brazil, with two campuses in the cities of Canoas and Porto Alegre, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul. Through these campuses it serves more than 6,000 students.
UniRitter was founded on October 18, 1971, by the educator Romeu Ritter dos Reis.
In 2010, it became part of the Laureate International Universities network.

## Degree programs

* Brazil portal

### Undergraduate programs

UniRitter offers undergraduate degrees in:
* Business Administration
* International Relations
* Law
* Mechanical Engineering
* Manufacturing Engineering
* Civil Engineering
* Information Systems
* Digital Game Design
* Design
* Architecture and Urban Planning
* Journalism
* Publicity and Propaganda
* Languages
* Pedagogy
* Biomedicine
* Physiotherapy

### Graduate programs

* Business Administration
* Architecture and Urban Planning
* Design
* Law
* Information Systems
* Languages
* Pedagogy
# DNA ligase 4

DNA ligase 4 also DNA ligase IV, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIG4 gene.

## Function

DNA ligase 4 is an ATP-dependent DNA ligase that joins double-strand breaks during the non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair. It is also essential for V(D)J recombination. Lig4 forms a complex with XRCC4, and further interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and XLF/Cernunnos, which are also required for NHEJ. The crystal structure of the Lig4/XRCC4 complex has been resolved. Defects in this gene are the cause of LIG4 syndrome. The yeast homolog of Lig4 is Dnl4.

## LIG4 syndrome

In humans, deficiency of DNA ligase 4 results in a clinical condition known as LIG4 syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by cellular radiation sensitivity, growth retardation, developmental delay, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, increased disposition to leukemia, variable degrees of immunodeficiency and reduced number of blood cells.

## Haematopoietic stem cell aging

Accumulation of DNA damage leading to stem cell exhaustion is regarded as an important aspect of aging. Deficiency of lig4 in pluripotent stem cells impairs Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and results in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and enhanced apoptosis. Lig4 deficiency in the mouse causes a progressive loss of haematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow cellularity during aging. The sensitivity of haematopoietic stem cells to lig4 deficiency suggests that lig4-mediated NHEJ is a key determinant of the ability of stem cells to maintain themselves against physiological stress over time.

## Interactions

LIG4 has been shown to interact with XRCC4 via its BRCT domain. This interaction stabilizes LIG4 protein in cells; cells that are deficient for XRCC4, such as XR-1 cells, have reduced levels of LIG4.

## Mechanism

LIG4 is an ATP-dependent DNA ligase. LIG4 uses ATP to adenylate itself and then transfers the AMP group to the 5' phosphate of one DNA end. Nucleophilic attack by the 3' hydroxyl group of a second DNA end and release of AMP yield the ligation product. Adenylation of LIG4 is stimulated by XRCC4 and XLF.
# Donghae

Donghae (Korean: 동해) may refer to:
* East Sea, the South Korean name of the Sea of Japan
** Donghae Expressway, the name of the expressway in South Korea
** Donghae Line, a railway line in Busan, South Korea
* Donghae City, in South Korea
** Donghae-class corvette, a class of four ships of navy of South Korea
* Lee Donghae (born 1986), member of K-pop boy band, Super Junior
# Roberto Bracco

Roberto Bracco (1861–1943) was an Italian playwright, screenwriter and journalist. A number of his plays were turned into films, and he worked on the scripts of several of them including the 1914 silent Lost in the Dark. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature six times.
Also among his works is Un Perfetto Amore, a dramatic dialogue in three acts.

## Selected filmography

* Lost in the Dark (1914)
# David Mark (scientist)

David Mark (October 7, 1947 – September 24, 2022) was a SUNY Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geography at the University at Buffalo, USA. He made several contributions to research and education in Geographic Information Science (GIScience), most recently in human spatial cognition and language.

## Education and Professional career

Mark worked at three universities between 1976 and 1978: Simon Fraser University, the University of Ottawa, and the University of British Columbia. He was an assistant professor of geography at the University of Western Ontario from 1978 to 1981. In 1981, he moved to the Department of Geography at the University at Buffalo as an assistant professor. Mark was promoted to associate professor in 1983 and to the rank of Professor in 1987. In 2007, he was conferred with the title of SUNY Distinguished Professor.

## Awards

| YEAR | NOTABLE AWARDS |
| 2004 | UCGIS Researcher of the Year |
| 2007 | SUNY Distinguished Professor |
| 2009 | UCGIS Educator of the Year |
| 2010 | UCGIS Elected Fellow |
| 2013 | Robert T. Aangeenbrug Distinguished Career Award (AAG GIS Specialty Group) |
| 2016 | Outstanding Alumni Award - Academic Achievement (Simon Fraser University) |
| 2016 | Waldo-Tobler GIScience Prize (Austrian Academy of Sciences) |

## Contributions to Geographic Information Science

Mark's specialty was in the field of Geographic Information Science (GIScience). He authored or coauthored more than 230 scholarly papers which have been cited over 10,000 times. He researched cognitive and linguistic foundations of how geographic information is conceptualized and used. In the 1970s and 1980s, he pioneered methods for representing topography for digital computers, including the earliest methods for the Triangular Irregular Network data model. He is credited for a popular water flow routing GIS algorithm, which specifies how to eliminate spurious pits from digital elevation models. In 1990, David Mark organized with Andrew U. Frank the NATO Advanced Study Institute in Las Navas del Marquez (Spain). This meeting was the origin of research in spatial cognition and linguistics for the field of GIScience. With Barry Smith and others, Mark co-authored several widely cited papers on geographic categorization, geographic reasoning, and the ontology of geographic features. In the early 2000s, Mark and Andrew Turk created the area of study called "Ethnophysiography" to study how language and culture are related to people's naïve conceptualizations of the physical landscape. Until his death, he continued to work on most of these topics, with special focus on establishing a foundational ontology of the landscape.
# Usingerella

Usingerella is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least two described species in Usingerella.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Usingerella:
* Usingerella bakeri (Knight, 1943)
* Usingerella simplex (Reuter, 1909)
# Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain

The Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain, also called the Pratt–Welker Seamount chain and the Kodiak Seamounts is a seamount chain in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the north to Bowie Seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies 180 km (112 mi) west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. The oldest volcano in the chain is the Kodiak Seamount. Although the Kodiak Seamount is the oldest extant seamount in the Kodiak-Bowie chain, the adjacent lower slope contains transverse scars indicating earlier subduction of seamounts.
The Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain is mostly extinct volcanoes that formed above the Bowie hotspot. This is a 100-to-150-km-wide morphological swell presumably of thickened hotspot generated crust, although there are no seismic refraction data across the swell to define crustal thickness. The crest of one such peak, Patton Seamount originally formed off Washington state as a submerged volcano 33 million years ago. Over time, as the Pacific Plate moved steadily northwest, Patton Seamount has carried off the Bowie hotspot and into the Gulf of Alaska. New volcanoes were formed one after another over the hotspot, creating the Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain.
Explorations of the Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain have shown that despite the fact that most of the seamounts were created by the Bowie hotspot, all are unique in their size, shape, and volcanic features. The seamounts teem with deep-sea corals, sponges, and fish. Recent expeditions to these seamounts using crewed submersibles and ROVs have discovered many marine species and have greatly expanded the knowledge of the range of deep sea corals in this region. For example, the Bowie Seamount is a biologically rich area with a dynamic and productive ecosystem. Because of this unique biological rich area, Bowie Seamount was declared a Pilot Marine Protected Area on December 8, 1998.
The Kodiak–Bowie seamount chain is at the northern triple junction between the Pacific, North American, and Juan de Fuca plates. Available age determinations on Kodiak and Giacomini Seamounts give an approximate average rate of movement along the chain of 6.5 cm (3 in) per year.

## Volcanoes

Volcanoes in the chain include:
* Kodiak Seamount (24 m.y. old)
* Giacomini Seamount (21 m.y. old)
* Pratt Seamount (age unknown)
* Welker Seamount (15 m.y. old)
* Dickens Seamount (~4 m.y. old)
* Denson Seamount (18 .m.y. old)
* Durgin Seamount
* Brown Seamount
* Quinn Seamount
* Surveyor Seamount
* Peirce Seamount
* Hodgkins Seamount
* Bowie Seamount (>0.7 m.y. old)
* Tuzo Wilson Seamounts
# Nannoarctia himalayana

Nannoarctia himalayana is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Vladimir Viktorovitch Dubatolov, Patrick G. Haynes and Yasunori Kishida in 2010. It is found in Nepal and India.
The length of the forewings is 17–17.5 mm for subspecies himalayana and 16–18 mm for subspecies nepalica.

## Subspecies

* Nannoarctia himalayana himalayana (India: Himachal Pradesh and probably Kashmir)
* Nannoarctia himalayana nepalica Dubatolov, Haynes & Kishida, 2010 (Nepal and India: Uttar Pradesh, Assam and probably Nagaland)
# DNA marking

DNA marking is a type of forensic identification. It is a method to mark items in a way that is undetectable to the naked eye. A unique DNA marker is applied to the item, and can be recovered to identify the item. In suspected thefts, the suspect can also be tested for traces of the DNA marking. DNA marking can be used to prevent thefts of objects that are hard to mark in any other way (e.g. copper cables). It can also be used to help separate between genuine and counterfeit electronics and other replacement parts.
# L'altra metà del cielo

L'altra metà del cielo (The other half of the sky) is a 1977 Italian comedy film directed by Franco Rossi.
It is loosely based on the comedy play Romancero by Jacques Deval.

## Plot

Don Vincenzo (Adriano Celentano), a priest sent in a mining village in Australia, seeks to redeem the Sicilian Susanna (Monica Vitti), a.k.a. "Susy".

## Cast

* Adriano Celentano: Don Vincenzo
* Monica Vitti: Susanna
* Venantino Venantini: Mr. Recchia
* Paolo Paoloni: Bishop of Sydney
* Mario Carotenuto: William Donego
* Glauco Onorato: Thief
* Gianfranco Barra: Passenger
* Bill Vanders: Policeman
# Trochodendron aralioides

Trochodendron aralioides, sometimes colloquially called wheel tree, is a flowering plant and the sole living species in the genus Trochodendron, which also includes several extinct species. It was also often considered the sole species in the family Trochodendraceae, though botanists now include the distinct genus Tetracentron in the same family. T. aralioides is native to Japan, southern Korea and Taiwan. Growing in lower temperate montane mixed forests in Japan, and broad-leaved evergreen forest in the central mountain ranges and Northern parts of Taiwan.

## Description

It is an evergreen tree or large shrub growing to 20 m tall. The leaves are borne in tight spirals at the apex of the year's growth, each leaf leathery dark green, simple broad lanceolate, 6–14 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, with a crenate margin. The flowers are produced 10–20 together in a racemose cyme 5–13 cm diameter; each flower is 15–18 mm diameter, yellowish green, without petals, but with a conspicuous ring of 40–70 stamens surrounding the 4–11 carpels. The fruit is 2 cm diameter, woody, star-shaped, composed of 4–11 follicles, each follicle containing several seeds.

## Genetics

Trochodendron aralioides shares with Tetracentron the very unusual feature in angiosperms, of lacking vessel elements in its wood. This has long been considered a very primitive character, resulting in the classification of these two genera in a basal position in the angiosperms; however, genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has shown it to be in a less basal position (early in the eudicots), suggesting the absence of vessel elements is a secondarily evolved character, not a primitive one.
From sequencing the chromosome scale (19 chromosomes and 1.614 Gb in size) genome of the species it was seen that the divergence time between T. aralioides and its common ancestor with the core eudicots was ~124.2 Mya.