OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Compass-1

Compass-1 (also known as Compass One) is a German amateur CubeSat picosatellite, built and operated in the late 2000s by Aachen University of Applied Science. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, aboard a PSLV rocket as a secondary payload to the CartoSat-2A primary spacecraft on 28 April 2008. It was launched into a Geocentric orbit with an altitude of 597 km. Its primary mission is remote sensing; however, it also contains some technology demonstration experiments regarding the use of small satellites and GPS tracking.
On 10 August 2008, the satellite developed a problem and switched into "emergency mode". Initial attempts to rectify this problem failed; however, normal operations were resumed on 10 September, with help from amateur radio operators around the world.

## Overview

Most of the objectives for Compass-1 were focused on the evaluation and testing of CubeSats and new technologies. It was made using scratch-built software, hardware, and parts, except the solar panels. Thus it inherited a high risk for mission failure.

### Mission Objectives

Mission objectives include:
-Take color pictures in 640 by 480 resolution
-Validate a Phoenix GPS receiver
-Test a Magnetic Actuator based 3-axis gyroscope

## Mission Anomalies

There have been events that have been solved but remain to be explained, as Compass-1 has entered emergency mode and has undergone full resets a number of times.

### Emergency Mode
#### August 10, 2008

On August 10, 2008, Compass-1 entered Emergency mode. The cause was unknown and FH Aachen put out a call to all amateur radio operators to try to find out what was going on with the CubeSat. A hard reset occurred, only to bring the satellite into a circle of powering up, turning on the heaters, and then dying again. The only way to exit this loop was to avoid starting the heaters. The team needed as much Telemetry from the ground as possible, which was from amateur radio enthusiasts.

#### September 10, 2008

After multiple tries, the Compass-1 team finally got enough charge retained in the batteries to boot the CubeSat and get a beacon and images back from the probe. It was later determined that there was a major software flaw that prevented the heaters from letting the battery charge.

### Hard Resets

There have been multiple hard resets, with the most recent one being on February 8, 2009.

## End of life

Compass-1 was retired on March 3, 2012. It still can be used as a beacon until it burns up or the batteries can no longer hold charge. It is expected to stay in orbit until 2019.
# Lalibela (disambiguation)

    Lalibela may refer to:
* Lalibela, Emperor of Ethiopia in the 12th century
* Lalibela, a place in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
* "Lalibela", a song by Canadian electronic musician Caribou (musician)
* Lalibela (yacht), luxury yacht, destroyed by fire, 2018-10-13
# John Musser

John Musser (November 14, 1889 – March 21, 1949) was an American historian and educator who was dean of the graduate school at New York University and an instructor of American History.
Musser attended Franklin and Marshall College before transferring to the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received his bachelor's degree. He went on to also earn his Ph.D. from Pennsylvania under the direction of Herman Vandenburg Ames. An authority on Benjamin Franklin, in 1937 Musser debunked a claim made by the Nazi Party that Charles Pinkney had once recorded in his diary that Franklin had made an anti-Semitic prophecy about a future threat of Jews in the United States by noting that Pinckney had never kept a diary and that Franklin himself had once donated money for the construction of a synagogue in Philadelphia.
He was the grandfather of Charles Musser.
# Šljivovac (Malo Crniće)

Šljivovac is a village in the municipality of Malo Crniće, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 123 people.
# Black Tide (novel)

Black Tide (1999) is a crime novel by Australian author Peter Temple. This is the second novel in the author's Jack Irish series.

## Dedication

"For Anita, Nicholas, and Louise: the Charity, the Hope, and the Faith."

## Abstract

"Jack Irish has no shortage of friends. Jockeys and journos, lawyers and standover men, people in nameless occupations who aren’t in the phone book. These days, though, the only family he sees are Irish men in faded football team photographs on the pub wall. So when Des Connors, the last link to his father, calls to ask for help in the matter of a missing son, Jack is happy to lend a hand. But sometimes prodigal sons go missing for a reason.
"As Jack begins to dig, he discovers that Gary Connors was a man with something to hide. And his friends are people with darker, more deadly secrets." (Publication summary)
# Bortnick

Bortnick is a surname, being an Americanized form of Bortnik, which originated in Ukraine and Belarus as an occupational name for a beekeeper. Notable people with the surname include:
* Avi Bortnick (born 1963), American guitarist
* Ethan Bortnick (born 2000), American pianist, singer, songwriter, record producer, and musician
# Vökoder

Vökoder may refer to:
* Tim Donst, the first professional wrestler working under the character of Vökoder.
* Larry Sweeney, the second professional wrestler working under the character of Vökoder.
# Tseng Lan Shue

Tseng Lan Shue (Chinese: 井欄樹) is a village in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong.

## Location

Tseng Lan Shue is located on Clear Water Bay Road, 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) east of Kowloon Peak and 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) southwest of Pik Uk.

## Administration

Tseng Lan Shue is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.

## History

At the time of the 1911 census, the population of Tseng Lan Shue was 276. The number of males was 124.

## Buildings and amenities

The village has about 250 residential settlements and a basketball court. There are some shops on the roadside.
The house at No. 43 Tseng Lan Shue, built around the 1900s, has been listed as a Grade III historic building.

## Education

Tseng Lan Shue is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 95. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and one government school: Tseung Kwan O Government Primary School (將軍澳官立小學).

## Environment

A small river runs through the village. In 2007, a large snake, python reticulatus, was discovered in the river. Since this type of snake is considered endangered in Hong Kong, it was put in a wildlife conservation.

## Nearby hamlets

The nearby hamlets of Au Tau (凹頭) and Pak Shek Wo (白石窩) have been described as subsidiary villages of Tseng Lan Shue.

## Public transport

Kowloon Motor Bus routes 91, 91M, 92, and several green minibuses and red minibuses serve the village at a nearby bus stop on Clear Water Bay Road. Services run along Clear Water Bay Road to/from Choi Hung station (3.4 kilometres (2.1 miles) to the east) and beyond. Choi Hung is the most accessible station on the Hong Kong MTR to Tseng Lan Shue.
The village is one of the benchmarks for hikers on the Wilson Trail, which crosses the village. Clear Water Bay Road marks the separation between stage 3 and stage 4 of the Wilson Trail.
# Caldicot (disambiguation)

Caldicot is a town and community in Monmouthshire Wales.
Caldicot may also refer to:

## In Monmouthshire, Wales

* Caldicot Hundred
* Caldicot railway station, a part of the British railway system
* Caldicot RFC, a Welsh rugby union club
# Elise Juska

Elise Juska is an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist. She is as a professor at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.

## Career and education

Juska is a graduate of Bowdoin College and the graduate writing program at the University of New Hampshire. She is the author of the novels Reunion, The Blessings, and If We Had Known.
Reunion, about three friends who return to their delayed 25th college reunion one year after the COVID-19 pandemic, was published by HarperCollins in May 2024. It was selected as an Editors' Choice by the New York Times, named one of People Magazine's "Best New Books", and received endorsements from New York Times bestselling authors Liz Moore and Mary Beth Keane.
The Blessings, released by Grand Central Publishing in 2014, which was selected for the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers Series, the May 2014 LibraryReads list, and Entertainment Weekly's "Must List." The Philadelphia Inquirer named the novel one of the 10 Best Books of 2014, describing it as: "[A] bighearted novel... Juska's moving, multifaceted portrait of the Blessing family gleams like a jewel."
If We Had Known was released by Grand Central Publishing in April 2018. Inspired by the shooting at Virginia Tech, the story is about an English professor who, after a shooting at her local mall, realizes that the gunman was her former student and wrote an essay for her class offering clues to his violent nature she might have missed.
Juska's short stories and essays have appeared in Ploughshares, The Gettysburg Review, The Missouri Review, The Millions, Good Housekeeping, The Hudson Review, Prairie Schooner, Harvard Review, and numerous other publications.

## Awards and honors

Juska was the 2013 winner of the Alice Hoffman Prize for Fiction from Ploughshares and her short stories have been honored by the Best American Short Stories and Pushcart Prize: Best of the Small Presses series. From the University of the Arts, she received the 2014 Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching.
# Lai Uyên

Lai Uyên is a township and capital of Bàu Bàng District, Bình Dương Province.
# Bracheliopsis

Bracheliopsis is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Bracheliopsis geniseta Emden, 1960

## Distribution

Kenya
# Calvin, North Dakota

Calvin is a city in Cavalier County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2020 census. Calvin was founded in 1905.
Likely the most historic structure left in town, the Calvin AF & AM Corinthian Masonic Lodge Number 78, was burned and razed in May 2014, after the upper floor had collapsed sometime between 2010 and 2012.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.22 square miles (0.57 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 20 people, 8 households, and 3 families residing in the city. The population density was 90.9 inhabitants per square mile (35.1/km$^2$). There were 10 housing units at an average density of 45.5 per square mile (17.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.
There were 8 households, of which 25.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, and 62.5% were non-families. 62.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 5.00.
The median age in the city was 48.7 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 10% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 0.0% were from 25 to 44; 50% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 60.0% male and 40.0% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 26 people, 11 households, and 6 families residing in the city. The population density was 119.3 inhabitants per square mile (46.1/km$^2$). There were 19 housing units at an average density of 87.2 per square mile (33.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.
There were 11 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.4% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 188.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 157.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,667, and the median income for a family was $81,250. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $56,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,878. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
# Bellville Stadium

Bellville Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Bellville, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Vasco Da Gama.
It has two artificial turfs .
The Western Province rugby team also known as #Stormers for franchise purposes sometimes trains here .
vteCape Town :
City of Cape Town :
Natural environment :
Communities :
Built environment :
Government :
History :
Culture :
Economy :
Transport :
Sports :
Education :
Services :
Cape Town • Outline :
* This article about a sports venue in South Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# WSK WN-3

The WN-3 was a Polish seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine of the 1950s, produced by WSK-Kalisz, designed by Wiktor Narkiewicz.

## Design and development

In 1946, Wiktor Narkiewicz, who prior to the Second World War was technical director of the Czechoslovakian Avia aero-engine factory, was appointed chief designer of the Polish Central Engine Office, and later the Aero-engine department of the Polish Aviation Institute (Instytut Lotnictwa, IL). He led the design of the WN-1, a 48 kW (65 hp) air-cooled flat-four piston engine which was the first post-war Polish aero-engine, followed by the 213 kW (285 hp) WN-2 in 1947, but both of these engines failed to enter production.
In 1952 Narkiewicz set up a small design team to design a new seven-cylinder radial engine, the WN-3. The first prototype, rated at 220 kW (300 hp) was completed in 1954, and by the time testing was completed in 1955, the engine's power rose to 250 kW (330 hp). The WN-3 entered production in 1956, powering the PZL TS-8 Bies training aircraft.
The engine was produced in 1957-1960 by WSK-Kalisz in Kalisz, it might be known also as PZL WN-3, or (in Western sources) as Narkiewicz WN-3.

## Variants
### WN-3

    Production version, 250 kW (330 hp).

### WN-4

    Modified version for use in helicopters.

## Applications

* PZL TS-8 Bies
* PZL MD-12 (prototype)
* BŻ-4 Żuk (prototype)

## Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1961–62

### General characteristics

* Type: Seven-cylinder single-row air-cooled radial engine
* Bore: 135 mm (5.31 in)
* Stroke: 134 mm (5.28 in)
* Displacement: 13.4 L (820 cu in)
* Length: 885 mm (34.8 in)
* Diameter: 1,106 mm (43.5 in)
* Dry weight: 240 kg (530 lb) dry

### Components

* Valvetrain: one inlet and one outlet valve per cylinder, pushrod actuated
* Fuel system: K-14WN carburettor
* Fuel type: petrol, 72 octane or more
* Oil system: Dry sump

### Performance

* Power output: 250 kW (330 hp) at 2,500 rpm (max power)
       211 kW (283 hp) (nominal)
       180 kW (240 hp) at 2,100 rpm (econ cruise)
* Specific power: 18.4 kW/L (0.40 hp/cu in)
* Compression ratio: 6.2:1
* Specific fuel consumption: .186–.201 kg/kWh (0.114–0.123 lb/MJ) at max power .160 kg/kWh (0.098 lb/MJ) (econ cruise)
# Llanfwrog, Denbighshire

Llanfwrog is a village in Denbighshire, in northern Wales. It hosts a church, Llanfwrog Church of St Mwrog and St Mary. The sturdy medieval tower of St Mwrog's crowns the hill west of Ruthin, marking the point where town gives way to countryside. ‘Double-naved’ in the distinctive Clwydian style, the church is late medieval, but was much altered by Victorian restoration. The church was again restored in 1999. There are fine views from the circular 'Celtic' churchyard – St Mwrog was a little-known Welsh saint, perhaps from Anglesey. On a rise to the south by the road to Efenechtyd stands an ancient thatched and whitewashed house (private).
The church is generally open daily, from mid-morning to late afternoon.
# Cheese (software)

Cheese is the former default webcam application for the GNOME desktop, i.e. an application to handle UVC streams over Video4Linux. It was developed as a Google Summer of Code 2007 project by Daniel G. Siegel. It uses GStreamer to apply effects to photos and videos. It can export to Flickr and is integrated into GNOME.
It was officially added to GNOME in version 2.22.

## Overview

The webcam application started off as a way to take photos with a webcam, which could then easily be shared. It has gained features and usage and can now be used in many ways that were not possible at its first release. Cheese can record photos as well as video, and can use a timer before shooting as well as taking pictures in burst mode. Version 2.28 brought the ability to switch between multiple webcams with one click. The application has built-in sharing so that photos or videos can be uploaded to photo-sharing sites or used on a computer. It also has many different effects that can be applied to photos.

### Effects

* Mauve
* Noir/Blanc
* Saturation
* Hulk
* Vertical Flip
* Horizontal Flip
* Shagadelic
* Vertigo
* Edge
* Dice
* Warp
# WAIN

WAIN may refer to:
* WAIN (AM), a radio station (1270 AM) licensed to Columbia, Kentucky, United States
* WAIN-FM, a radio station (93.5 FM) licensed to Columbia, Kentucky, United States
# Žichovice

Žichovice is a municipality and village in Klatovy District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Žichovice lies approximately 29 kilometres (18 mi) south-east of Klatovy, 57 km (35 mi) south of Plzeň, and 108 km (67 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Notable people

* Karel Klostermann (1848–1923), writer; lived here as a child
# WAIS

WAIS may refer to:
* West Antarctic Ice Sheet
* Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
* Wide area information server (also, Wide area information service)
* WAIS (AM), a radio station (770 AM) licensed to Buchtel, Ohio, United States
* Westchester Academy for International Studies, a charter school in Houston, Texas, United States
* Western Australian Institute of Sport
* World Association of International Studies
# WYSIWYS

In cryptography, What You See Is What You Sign (WYSIWYS) is a property of digital signature systems that ensures the semantic content of signed messages can not be changed, either by accident or intent.

## Mechanism of WYSIWYS

When digitally signing a document, the integrity of the signature relies not just on the soundness of the digital signature algorithms that are used, but also on the security of the computing platform used to sign the document. The WYSIWYS property of digital signature systems aims to tackle this problem by defining a desirable property that the visual representation of a digital document should be consistent across computing systems, particularly at the points of digital signature and digital signature verification.
It is relatively easy to change the interpretation of a digital document by implementing changes on the computer system where the document is being processed, and the greater the semantic distance, the easier it gets. From a semantic perspective this creates uncertainty about what exactly has been signed. WYSIWYS is a property of a digital signature system that ensures that the semantic interpretation of a digitally signed message cannot be changed, either by accident or by intent. This property also ensures that a digital document to be signed can not contain hidden semantic content that can be revealed after the signature has been applied. Though a WYSIWYS implementation is only as secure as the computing platform it is running on, various methods have been proposed to make WYSIWYS more robust.
The term WYSIWYS was coined by Peter Landrock and Torben Pedersen to describe some of the principles in delivering secure and legally binding digital signatures for Pan-European projects.
# Mel Birnkrant

Mel Birnkrant (born 1937) is an American toy designer and collector. He is known for his extensive collection of Mickey Mouse and other toys of pre-World War II comics characters, and for his creation of toys such as the Outer Space Men and Baby Face.

## Personal history

Birnkrant was born and raised in Detroit following World War II, the son of a wealthy Jewish real estate mogul. By the time he was in sixth grade, he had grown to 6' 4" and weighed 260 lbs, making it difficult, despite his wishes, for him not to stand out.
In the 1950s, Birnkrant began collecting toys of primarily pre-World War II comics characters, beginning with a Mickey Mouse bank he found at a flea market in Paris, France. From that point he began to amass a collection of toys. He is drawn to the forms of the characters rather than their stories or personalities: "Mickey Mouse only interests me as three circles. Something you can draw with a quarter and two dimes. I can’t stand his little voice. Most Mickey Mouse collectors love goddamn Mickey Mouse. I love three circles and the fact that it looks alive."
Birnkrant attended Cranbrook Academy of Art, the University of Michigan, New York's Pratt School of Art and Design and the Académie Julian in Paris, France.
In the early 1960s, Birnkrant and his wife Eunice ran a small business in Manhattan called "Boutique Fantastique", handcrafting what Birnkrant describes as "'Authentic Reproductions' of antique toys and music boxes that never existed in the first place" and The New York Times described as "antiques that never were". Ideas for the designs, which included zoetropes, came from a variety of sources including Épinal prints, Victorian toy theaters and dancing automatons. Birnkrant started making moving toys after a visit to the Cooper Union Museum resulted in him being given permission to repair an old toy that no longer worked.
From 1964 to 1986, Birnkrant designed toys for the Colorforms company.
Birnkrant's knowledge and the extensiveness of his collection has gained the appreciation of dealers and collectors, including that of fellow Mickey Mouse collector, artist Maurice Sendak. His collection was featured in the 2004 short film Mouse Heaven directed by Kenneth Anger.
# Artenay

Artenay (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department, north-central France. Artenay station has rail connections to Orléans, Étampes and Paris.
# Duncan Islands

The Duncan Islands are a group of islands in the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, northwest of the Bramble Channel of Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. The islands are situated north of Thursday Island and approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of Badu Island. The Duncan Islands are located within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area.
The Duncan Islands include three uninhabited islands:
* Kanig Island
* Maitak Island
* Meth Islet
The first Europeans to discover the islands were the survivors of the wreck of Governor Ready, who were sailing to Timor in their boats.
# John Ryerson (tennis)

John Albert Ryerson (March 1866 – May 16, 1910) was an American tennis player active in the late 19th century.

## Tennis career

Ryerson reached the quarterfinals in the 1888 U.S. Nationals Championships Men's Singles, losing to PS Sears. He reached the quarterfinals in the 1890 U.S. Nationals Championships Men's Singles, losing to O Campbell who went on to win the tournament. And with Charles Carver, he reached the Men's Doubles finals in 1890.
He was the runner up in the 1890 & 1892 Western States Men's Singles Championships, losing to Samuel Chase both times. He and J.W. Carver won the August 1890 Men's Doubles Tournament held at the Hotel Wentworth in, New Castle, N.H., defeating Hovey and Wright. And he and C.W. Carver won the July 1892 Western States Men's Doubles held at the Riverside Lawn Tennis Club of Chicago, defeating Cole and Paddock.