OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Empire City Subway

Empire City Subway is an American company in New York City which is responsible for maintaining underground conduits in Manhattan and The Bronx, and the manholes by which those conduits are accessed.

## History and operations

The company was formed in 1891 as part of a plan for common utility ducts to consolidate all utilities underground. Incompatibility among the utilities limited the range of utilities that could share their ducts, so the company now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Verizon New York Telephone under a franchise from the city. In addition to Verizon, the company provides service to cable television and other telecommunications companies.

## Business model

Empire City Subway makes its money by renting manhole space and conduits to New York City Office of Technology and Innovation telecommunications franchisees. Although wholly owned by Verizon, Verizon is their largest tenant in the Empire City Subway system.
They have construction crews on staff that perform excavation for conduit and points of entry (POEs) for their tenants and well as rodding and roping services so tenants may pull new cable through the ducts.
Tenants that choose to pull their own cables through the system are overseen by the Manhole Activity Program (MAP) Group. There is a fee charged per hour to the tenants for this service.

## Manholes

Manholes owned by Empire City Subway can be recognized by the abbreviation ECS (or ECS Co. Ltd) cast into the metal covers. This should not be confused with CT & ES (Consolidated Telegraph & Electrical Subway), now owned by the Electrical utility, Consolidated Edison of New York.
# Carl Elmberg

Carl Elmberg (16 September 1889 – 1 December 1955) was a Swedish sculptor. His work was part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
# Carl Jessen

Carl Jessen may refer to:
* Carl Ludwig Jessen (1833–1917), North Frisian painter
* Carl Wilhelm Jessen (1764–1823), Danish naval officer and governor of St Thomas
# Michela Procesi

Michela Procesi (born 1973) is an Italian mathematician specializing in Hamiltonian partial differential equations such as the nonlinear Schrödinger equation or wave equation. The Degasperis–Procesi equation is named for her. She is a professor of mathematics at Roma Tre University.

## Education and career

Procesi was born in 1973 in Rome, the daughter of mathematician Claudio Procesi. She earned a laurea in physics at the Sapienza University of Rome in 1998, and continued at la Sapienza for a PhD in mathematics in 2002. Her dissertation, Estimates on Hamiltonian splittings: tree techniques in the theory of homoclinic splitting and Arnold diffusion for a-priori stable systems, was supervised by Luigi Chierchia.
She became a postdoctoral researcher at the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste and, with the support of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi, at Roma Tre University. After continued work as a researcher at the University of Naples Federico II and la Sapienza, she obtained a position as an associate professor at Roma Tre University in 2015. She has been a full professor there since 2019.

## Recognition

Procesi was an invited speaker at the 2022 (virtual) International Congress of Mathematicians.
# Endless Wire

Endless Wire may refer to:
* Endless Wire (The Who album), or the title song
* Endless Wire (Gordon Lightfoot album), or the title song
# Endless Vacation

Endless Vacation may refer to:
* "Endless Vacation", a song by the John Entwistle Band from the 2000 album Music from Van-Pires
* Endless Vacation, a 2015 EP by Annie
# EnMAP

EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission to provide high accuracy hyperspectral image data of the Earth surface on a timely and frequent basis.

## Overview

Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program EnMAP is a German hyperspectral satellite mission to provide high accuracy hyperspectral image data of the Earth surface on a timely and frequent basis. It records data via a Sun-synchronous orbit at a height of 653 km above the Earth. The satellite provides a high resolution hyperspectral imager capable of resolving 230 spectral bands from 420 to 2450 nm with a ground resolution of 30 m x 30 m. The swath width amounts to 30 km at a maximum swath length of up to 5000 km a day. The off-nadir (+/- 30°) pointing feature enables fast target revisit of 4 days.
EnMAP is designed to record bio-physical, biochemical and geochemical variables on a global basis to increase understanding of biospheric and geospheric processes and to ensure the sustainability of our resources.

## Administration

The Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center manages the mission Under the scientific lead of the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. the German Aerospace Center developed and operates The ground segment .The hyperspectral imager was developed by OHB-System AG which is also responsible for the development of the satellite bus.
EnMAP was launched on 1 April 2022 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 booster as part of the Transporter-4 rideshare mission.
# Empleurum

Empleurum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae.
Its native range is South African Republic.
Species:
* Empleurum fragrans Glover
* Empleurum unicapsularis (L.f.) Skeels
# Creil–Jeumont railway

The railway from Creil to Jeumont is an important French 187-kilometre long railway line, that connects Creil, a northern suburb of Paris, to Jeumont on the Belgian border. It was opened in several stages between 1847 and 1855. The opening of the LGV Nord high speed line from Paris to Lille in 1993 has decreased its importance for passenger traffic.

## Route

The Creil–Jeumont railway begins near the Gare de Creil, where it branches off the Paris–Lille railway. It follows the river Oise upstream on its right bank, in generally northeastern direction. It passes through Pont-Sainte-Maxence, Compiègne, Noyon and Chauny until it turns north at Tergnier, leaving the Oise valley. It reaches the river Somme at Saint-Quentin and continues northeast. It passes through Busigny, Le Cateau-Cambrésis, and reaches the river Sambre at Ors. It follows the Sambre downstream through Aulnoye-Aymeries and the industrial town Maubeuge until it reaches its terminus Jeumont. The railway continues to Erquelinnes and Charleroi in Belgium.

### Main stations

The main stations on the Creil–Jeumont railway are:
* Gare de Creil
* Gare de Compiègne
* Gare de Saint-Quentin
* Gare d'Aulnoye-Aymeries
* Gare de Maubeuge
* Gare de Jeumont

## History

The railway was built by the Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord. The first section that was opened in 1847 led from Creil, on the Paris–Lille railway, to Compiègne. The line was extended to Chauny in 1849, and to Saint-Quentin in 1850. Finally in 1855 the section from Saint-Quentin to Jeumont was opened. Being connected to the Belgian railway network at Hautmont (towards Mons, Brussels and Amsterdam) and at Jeumont (towards Charleroi, Liège and Cologne), the railway was very important for international traffic. Since the opening of the LGV Nord high speed line between Paris and Lille in 1993, most long-distance and all international passenger traffic has shifted away from the classical Creil–Jeumont line. It remains an important railway for freight traffic and regional passenger traffic.

## Services

The Creil–Jeumont railway is used by the following passenger services:
* Intercités from Paris to Cambrai and Maubeuge on the section between Creil and Maubeuge
* TER Hauts-de-France regional services on the whole line
Freight trains also run along sections of the line.
# Crisis at Crusader Citadel

Crisis at Crusader Citadel was a 1982 introductory module written by Jeff Dee and Jack Herman for the Villains and Vigilantes role playing game released by Fantasy Games Unlimited.

## Plot summary

In it, the players controlled neophyte superheroes looking to apply for membership in the Crusaders, an esteemed team of superheroes. The Crusaders roster consisted of:
Manta Man, their leader, whose wife was killed by pirates and to exact revenge he built a costume that gave him the power to fly, breathe underwater and emit blasts of electricity.
Enforcer, a secret agent who betrayed his agency and saved a scientist who had developed a secret formula. Drinking the formula, he gained the ability to generate force fields. Enforcer also uses a specialized pistol.
Dreamweaver, a college student who gained the power to create illusions or become invisible from a dream research experiment.
Laserfire, a teenager who gained powers of heat and light when he was caught in the thrust of an alien spacecraft taking off nearby.
Evergreen, part woman, part plant, and able to mentally control vegetation. At the time of the module, she does not know her true origins.
Blizzard, a comic book fan who decided to follow the lead of his print heroes when he developed his power to create ice.
The players need to contend with the Crusaders' opposite numbers during the adventure, a villain group called the Crushers. A few of its members include Mocker, a robot able to fire sonic blasts, Mercury Mercenary, a soldier of fortune with superhuman speed and Enforcer's personal archenemy, Shocker, who has acidic blood and electric blasts and yearns to have Evergreen's love as well, and Marionette, a midget who can control minds.

## Publication history

Crisis at Crusader Citadel was written by Jack Herman and Jeff Dee, and published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1982 as a 16-page book.

## Legacy

Four years after the adventure booklet was published, Eclipse Comics published a four issue mini series based on the characters. The comic books included supplemental material to show the growth of the Crusaders and Crushers in the years between.

## Reception

William A. Barton reviewed Crisis at Crusader Citadel in The Space Gamer No. 63. Barton commented that "Crisis at Crusader Citadel is a fine introduction to V&V and could be mined for ideas for any of the other superhero systems on the market."
# Carl R. Sovinec

Carl Richard Sovinec is an American physicist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Sovinec is the son of Dr. Richard and Cathleen Sovinec and a 1981 graduate of Winona Senior High School in Winona, Minnesota. He attended the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Plasma Physics in 2009, for using large scale magnetohydrodynamic simulation to elucidate the roles of reconnection, relaxation and transport in self-organization processes of low field magnetic confinement devices and for providing a primary scientific leadership role in the development of the NIMROD project.
# Carlo di Castellamonte

Carlo Cognengo di Castellamonte (1560–1641) was an Italian architect, civil and military engineer, one of the main exponents of Piedmontese Baroque.
Castellamonte was born in Turin. After his studies in Rome, he returned in Piedmont where was assistant to Ascanio Vitozzi. Named Architect of the House of Savoy in 1615, he continued the program of urban and architectural renovation of Turin commissioned to Vitozzi by Charles Emmanuel I.
Castellamonte worked at the prosecution of Via Roma (1621), the project of the Piazza Reale (today San Carlo Square), the church of St. Christine on the latter (façade by Filippo Juvarra from 1715 to 1718), the enlargement of the Castle of Valentino (begun in 1633 and continued by his son Amedeo), the restoration of Palazzo Madama (also in collaboration with Amedeo) and the Castle of Moncalieri.
He died in Turin.
# End of the Ocean

End of the Ocean is the fifth studio album from Canadian alternative rock band Moist. Originally set to be released on October 1, 2021, it was released on January 14, 2022. The album and its title track are centered around themes of human consumption and its "devastating results" on the planet.
The album, as with its predecessor, was produced by original band guitarist Mark Makoway. Original bassist Jeff Pearce, who had left the band during the production of Glory Under Dangerous Skies, returned for End of the Ocean.

## Production and content

The album's first single, "Tarantino (Bullet Kill Sex Love Thrill)", was released on January 29, 2021. Moist vocalist and lyricist David Usher explained that during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, he went on a Quentin Tarantino binge, and "the song came out of a dream sparked by those images where we have lost all sense of ourselves – where there are no limits on our consumption and all we want is more. We deconstruct and reconstruct ourselves to fill an unfillable void and we just eat ourselves alive, and somehow, we still can’t wake up".
The title track, "End of the Ocean", was released as the album's second single on April 2, 2021. The song tackles human consumption and its devastating results on the earth. The music video for the song employs footage from Mateo Guez's 2009 film Off World, shot at Manila’s Smokey Mountain landfill, once home to 30,000 people before its removal in 2009. Usher speaks on the human desire to make money "at the expense of the planet," including the latest non-fungible token trend.
"Put the Devil On It" was released as the album's third single on June 8, 2021. The song continues focusing on the themes of consumption and materialism. Usher explained his inspiration for the song as follows: "What a tragic comedy the last 4 years have been. He who shall not be named has wiped away that thin layer of civility. The mirage. Out in the light, the ugly truth. They aren’t hiding anymore, so neither can we. Go team science! Put the devil on it."
"Dying for a Light in the Dark (We Are)" was released to music streaming services on September 17, 2021.

## Track listing

The album's track list consists of ten songs, which is the fewest songs on any Moist album to date.

## Personnel

* David Usher – lead vocals
* Jonathan Gallivan – guitars, backing vocals
* Mark Makoway – guitars, producer
* Kevin Young – keyboards, backing vocals
* Francis Fillion – drums
* Jeff Pearce – bass, backing vocals
# End of the Past

End of the Past is a book by Pakistani journalist, cultural critic and satirist Nadeem F. Paracha. Published by Vanguard Publications in 2016, it is a social history of Pakistan in which Paracha charts the religious and cultural evolution of Pakistan through the country's cultural, sporting and ideological histories.
Paracha looks at Pakistan's political, sporting and cultural pasts, hoping that future generations will learn from them and chart a brand new beginning for a country that he loves passionately. He pleads for a decisive end of the past so that a new and less tumultuous future can be envisioned and built.
# Cremastobombycia ambrosiaeella

Cremastobombycia ambrosiaeella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Ontario and Quebec Canada, and Illinois, Kentucky, Texas, Maine and New York in the United States.
The wingspan is 5.5-6.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Ambrosia species (including Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida), Helianthus species (including Helianthus giganteus), Heterotera squarrosa, Ridania alternifolia and Verbesina species (including Verbesina alternifolia). They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Crescent Town

Crescent Town is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the former borough of East York. It is located near Victoria Park Avenue and Danforth Avenue. It mainly consists of high-rise apartment complexes, built originally to take advantage of the opening of the adjacent Victoria Park subway station, which connects to the central quadrangle via a partially covered walkway.

## History

In the late 19th century, Walter Massey (1864–1901), a younger son of Hart Massey, Canada's first major industrialist, and uncle to actor Raymond Massey, purchased a 240-acre (97 ha) country property centered on Dawes Road and Victoria Park Avenue. He established a model farm and named it "Dentonia Park" after his wife, Susan, whose maiden name was Denton.
The Massey farm sold fresh eggs and poultry as well as fresh trout, which was caught in the many streams and rivulets that criss-crossed the farm. The Massey farm was also the home of the City Dairy Company Limited, which produced the first pasteurized milk in Canada.
In 1933, Susan Massey donated her mansion and 40 acres (16 ha) of the Dentonia farm land to Crescent School, where her grandsons were educated. Crescent School operated at the Dentonia site until 1969, when this property was sold to the developers who built the present-day Crescent Town neighbourhood.

## Current status

Crescent Town is considered by some as an interesting experiment in community planning in that all of its pedestrian walkways are located above the street level. It is a multicultural neighbourhood, whose population includes extensive numbers of Bangladeshi, Indian, Jamaican, Pakistani and Tamil Canadians. There are many Bangladeshi-owned businesses near the neighbourhood (Victoria Park-Danforth).
Some of the buildings are condominiums (Massey Square), while others are rental apartments (Crescent Place). Toronto council classified Oakridge under Taylor-Massey as a neighborhood improvement area in 2014.
# Crescent Township

Crescent Township may refer to the following places in the United States:
* Crescent Township, Iroquois County, Illinois
* Crescent Township, Pottawattamie County, Iowa
* Crescent Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
# Emmanuel de La Taille

Emmanuel de La Taille (16 July 1932 – 13 October 2021) was a French journalist and television producer. He worked for TF1, where he was an economic correspondent.

## Biography

De La Taille was a descendant of the poet and playwright Jean de La Taille. He was a media pioneer, able to explain complex economic issues to the layman. He began his career in 1960, during the Algerian War. He became a correspondent of European affairs for Agence France-Presse in 1962 and was stationed in Brussels. He was spoken highly of by President Charles de Gaulle. He became head of the foreign service at the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française in 1965, a time when only two French television channels existed. He then worked at TF1, serving as a special envoy to America and head of the economic service.
From 1978 to 1988, de La Taille worked with François de Closets and Alain Weiller on the program L'Enjeu [fr], and on Le Club de l'Enjeu on TF1 from 1987 to 1994. He then worked on L'Enjeu international on TV5Monde from 1994 to 1998. In 2009, he received the Prix littéraire Les Lauriers verts [fr] for his journalistic work.
In 1986, de La Taille founded the Press Club de France [fr] and became honorary president. He also worked with an association in Électricité de France to assist disabled children. In 2000, he founded the Institut de l'innovation sociale.
Emmanuel de La Taille died in a traffic collision in the 8th arrondissement of Paris on 13 October 2021, at the age of 89.

## Works

* Esprit de famille et liberté de mouvement : La famille, le premier des réseaux (2012)
* La vie éternelle ? : Petit guide de l'opération résurrection (2017)
* 1940 - 2020 De guerres en crises : Un parcours français (2020)
# Kauppatori

"Kauppatori" is the Finnish word for "market square" and refers to several market squares in Finland:
* The Market Square, Helsinki in central Helsinki.
* The Market Square, Turku in central Turku.
# Kauppakorkeakoulun Ylioppilaskunnan Laulajat

Helsinki Academic Male Choir KYL (in Finnish: Kauppakorkeakoulun Ylioppilaskunnan Laulajat or KYL), founded in 1949, is an academic male choir from Helsinki, Finland. The choir is associated closely with Aalto University School of Business, consisting mainly of students and alumni of the university.
The choir's artistic range spans classical Finnish (e.g. by Jean Sibelius, Leevi Madetoja, Toivo Kuula, Selim Palmgren, and Armas Järnefelt) and international male choir music, modern compositions (e.g. by Einojuhani Rautavaara and Jaakko Mäntyjärvi), barbershop, as well as pop music arrangements. KYL has participated in several international competitions and toured extensively abroad. The choir performs regularly in the Helsinki metropolitan area.
In 2018 Master of Music Visa Yrjölä became the artistic director of the choir. Previous artistic directors include Matti Apajalahti (1997–2017), Raul Talmar (1992–97), Heikki Saari (1975–92), Aapeli Vuoristo, Kaj Chydenius, Ensti Pohjola, Ahti Sonninen, and Jorma Tolonen.

## Awards

* Winner (40 voices and under) & Champion Choir - The V Cornwall International Male Voice Choir Competition 2011
* Winner (international series) - The V International Leevi Madetoja Choir Competition 2010
* Finnish Male Choir of the Year 1998

## Tours

* USA and Canada 2010
* Spain 2009
* China 2006
* Germany 2003
* Brazil 2002

## Discography

* Larin-Kyösti - Elämän kertoja (2013, "Larin-Kyösti - Narrator of The Life")
* Kirje Korvatunturille (2008 "A Letter to Santa Claus")
* Hämärän ääniä (2008, "Sounds of Twilight")
* Kullervo (2005)
* Maailma jääkukkien takana (2001, "The World Behind Frost Flowers")
* Legenda (1999, "Legend")
# Michael Wakeford

Sir Geoffrey Michael Montgomery Wakeford OBE (born 10 December 1937) is a retired English barrister and the Clerk of the Worshipful Company of Mercers for 27 years.

## Career

In addition to being a barrister and Clerk to the Mercers he has been a governor of the London Film School since 1985.
The Worshipful Company of Mercers is London's premier livery company, with easily the largest property portfolio, and Wakeford was much involved in property development.
In 1984, he was knighted in the Queen's birthday honours, "for services to education".
He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 2000-2008.
# Michela Guzzetti

Michela Guzzetti (born 29 April 1992) is an Italian swimmer. She competed for Italy at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
# Michela Milano

Michela Milano (born 1970) is an Italian computer scientist whose research in artificial intelligence includes work on constraint programming, multi-agent systems, metaheuristics, decision support, high-performance computing, and green computing. She is a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Bologna, where she heads the Centro Interdipartimentale Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (Alma AI). She is the former editor-in-chief of the journal Constraints.

## Education and career

Milano studied computer science at the University of Bologna, earning a laurea (the Italian equivalent of a master's degree) in 1994, and a doctorate in 1998. She was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Bologna, before taking her present position as a full professor in 2016.
She became editor-in-chief of the journal Constraints in 2015.

## Recognition

Milano is a Fellow of the European Association for Artificial Intelligence.
# Micropera utriculosa

Micropera utriculosa is a species of orchid in the genus Micropera first described by Oakes Ames in 1915 under the name Camarotis utriculosa. It is endemic to the Philippines.