OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Emily Swankie

Emily Elizabeth Swankie (17 December 1915 - 24 February 2008) was a British activist and campaigner who participated in the National Hunger March from Glasgow to London to protest against poverty and unemployment in the United Kingdom.

## Background

Emily Swankie (née Mairs) was born in Clydebank, Scotland on 17 December 1915, the daughter of John Mairs, a shoemaker, and Helen McBrearty. She was one of twelve children, living in Glasgow tenement flat in 1934.

## Campaigning for poverty and unemployment

Swankie showed political interests since she was young and was politically active ever since. When she was 17, she joined a socialist youth organisation, ILP Guild of Youth, and established a branch in her hometown, Clydebank, a year later.
She joined the Communist Party and participated in the hunger marches from Glasgow to London in 1934 to protest against poverty and unemployment. The protests were organised by National Unemployed Worker's Movement (NUWM), who also delegated Swankie to be the leader of the Youth contingent. Mentioning her reason of her participation in the marches:
   "... it was for no political reason other than my strong resentment against the way that we had to live and the lack of opportunity, the lack of jobs."
At that time, the women marchers had to sleep in the local workhouse due to lack of local people offering accommodations. They were also prohibited of alcohol, had to march separately and had to wear black stockings to avoid offending the public when marching in their bare legs. Her experience of the hunger march was published in Voices from the Hunger Marches.
In 1941, her older brother, Charlie, was unemployed, which reduced the financial stability of the family. Due to the Means Test, any unemployed person is ineligible for any welfare payments if they live in any households with at least one employed member. Therefore, Charlie pretended to live somewhere else to qualify. He would have to hide when the Means Test inspectors pay unexpected visits. These intrusions of their privacy further increased the resentment of the poverty and lack of employment in the country.
She was in the Scottish Committee of the Communist party between 1946 and 1949.
She stood for local council elections in Clydebank from 1950s to 1970s. She also actively campaigned for housing issues and participated in the rent strike against the Housing Finance Act of 1972.
# Multiple-effect humidification

Multiple-effect humidification (MEH) is a method used for thermal desalination of sea water. It uses multiple evaporation–condensation cycles at separate temperature levels to minimize the total energy consumption of solar humidification processes.
# Easterville, Manitoba

Easterville is an unincorporated community, designated as a northern community, in the Canadian province of Manitoba.
It is situated 200 kilometres southeast of The Pas and 100 kilometres (40 km by air) west of Grand Rapids, on the south shore of Cedar Lake. Its elevation above sea level is 265 metres (869 ft). The Chemawawin Cree Nation community is adjacent to the community on Cedar Lake.
The current community of Easterville was established in 1962, when nearby native populations were being displaced by the building of the Grand Rapids Dam, which flooded their prior ~80-year-old community of Chemawawin.

## History

The community of Easterville as it exists today was established in 1962, when it, along with nearby Indigenous populations, were relocated to the south shore of Cedar Lake. The relocation happened as result of displacement by Manitoba Hydro, who flooded the original location within Chemawawin on the lake as a part of a hydroelectric development project for the construction of the Grand Rapids Dam. Roughly 200,000 hectares were flooded in total. The new area lacked arable land, unlike the old one, being composed mostly of rock. The terrain also resulted in buildings having to be built on cement foundations without basements.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Easterville had a population of 20 living in 9 of its 14 total private dwellings, a change of -54.5% from its 2016 population of 44. With a land area of 3.12 km$^2$ (1.20 sq mi), it had a population density of 6.4/km$^2$ (16.6/sq mi) in 2021. Easterville is a part of Census Division No. 21, Manitoba.

## Economy

The main sources of economic base, or natural resources of Easterville, are fishing and trapping. The community offers recreational facilities such as the Skating Rink and community centre, public services including a fire hall and school, and local businesses like Easterville Fisherman's Association, a coffee shop, Griffin's Lucky Dollar Foods, and the U&S Department Store.

## Notable people

* Shelly Chartier, known for catfishing NBA player Chris Andersen

## Infrastructure

Easterville is located at the northern terminus of Manitoba Provincial Road 327. It is approximately 20 km north of Provincial Highway 60, the major roadway in the area which connects Highway 6 (to Thompson) and Highway 10 (to Flin Flon). The community is also serviced by Easterville Airport, located just to the east of the town.

## Media

* 93.5 (VF2337) (NCI)
* 95.5 CBWE-FM (CBC Radio One)
# Mannyng's Chronicle

Mannyng's Chronicle is a chronicle written in Middle English by Robert Mannyng in about 1338. He came from Bourne in Lincolnshire and though not himself in full orders was connected with the priory at Sempringham and later with Sixhill. He also rhymed Story of England.
Mannyng began writing his chronicle at the beginning of Edward III's reign in 1327 and probably finished it in 1338, dated at the end of the second part. The chronicle consists of two parts. The first, describing British history up to King Cadwaldre and a translation of Wace’s Roman de Brut, is 15,946 lines long. The second part, describing history from Cadwaldre up to the death of Edward I and a translation of the Anglo-French verse by Peter of Langtoft, is 8358 lines long. The chronicle survives in two manuscripts: The P manuscript and the L manuscript. The former is the most complete, since the latter ends somewhere in the middle of part II.
# Enneapterygius leucopunctatus

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Enneapterygius. It was described by Shih-Chieh Shen in 1994. It was thought to be endemic to Taiwan where it occurs on the southern, eastern and northern coasts but it has also been recorded from southern Japan. The IUCN lis it as Near Threatened because it has a small range and much of its habitat is threatened by development.
# Kulturverlag Kadmos

The Kulturverlag Kadmos is a non-fiction and fiction publishing house founded in Berlin in 1995.

## History

The publishing house was founded on 4 November 1995 by Wolfram Burckhardt and Martin Burckhardt. The publisher's name refers to Greek Mythology and is named after Kadmos, the son of Phoenicia King Agenor of Tyros: While searching for his sister Europe kidnapped by Zeus, Kadmos brought the Phoenician alphabet to Greece. In this respect, the publishing activity began with a presentation of the origins of the alphabet. In the early years, the focus was on translations, rediscoveries and rediscoveries. The initial programme included Daniel Paul Schreber's Memories of a Nervous Patient, Charles Babbage's Passages from a Philosopher's Life and biographies of Walt Disney and Ada Lovelace. In 2012, the publisher's logo was renewed with a Greek type in the style of the Univers typeface. Publishing director is classical philologist Wolfram Burckhardt.

## Awards

* 2019 First Publishing Prize of Germany
* 2016 Gregor Calendar Award

## Publishing program

The publishing house has an extensive fiction non-fiction programme with an international focus in the fields of cultural history, art history, media, technical history and science as well as literature, philosophy, history and politics. The publishing spectrum also includes novels such as The Laws of Hospitality by Pierre Klossowski. The special series are the scientific „Kadmos Kaleidogramme" and the Berlin Programme of Media Studies edited by Wolfgang Ernst und Friedrich Kittler. From the Akademie Verlag, Kadmos publishing house has taken over the series Literature Research, which Karlheinz Barck (1934-2012) and Sigrid Weigel (Leibniz Centre for Literary and Cultural Research) have published. The publishing house also offers weekly calendars with picture postcards.

## Authors of the publisher (selection)

Werner Abelshauser, Jan Assmann, Armen Avanessian, Charles Babbage, Tilman Baumgärtel, Norbert Bolz, Mercedes Bunz, Martin Burckhardt, Georges Didi-Huberman, Alexander García Düttmann, Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, Thomas Elsaesser, Wolfgang Ernst, Ottmar Ette, Quentin Fiore, Heinz von Foerster, Karl Gutzkow, Marcus Graf, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Anselm Haverkamp, Fredric Jameson, Nicole C. Karafyllis, Friedrich Kittler, Pierre Klossowski, Alexander Kluge, Elmar Lampson, Gustav Landauer, Joseph de Maistre, Helga Nowotny, Nicole Oresme, Claus Pias, Christoph Rehmann-Sutter, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Laurence A. Rickels, Richard Schickel, Daniel Paul Schreber, Peter Sloterdijk, Georg Stauth, Friedrich Theodor Vischer, H. Johannes Wallmann, Hartmut Winkler, Sigrid Weigel, Siegfried Zielinski, Slavoj Žižek, Matthias A. K. Zimmermann
# Saint Medan

Saint Medan was a saint, apparently of the early British or Irish period, whose existence and name are inferred from the name Kirkmaiden in Wigtownshire, but who is also associated with Angus and Aberdeenshire.

## The occurrence and legend of Medan

There is a Kirkmaiden both in the Rinns of Galloway and also on the other side of Luce Bay in the parish of Glasserton near Monreith in the Machars – both in Wigtownshire in Scotland. A legend relates how the saint with her nuns is said to have travelled from the one location to the other across Luce Bay, using a rock as a boat.

## Who was Medan?

Medan's identity, name, sex and origin are all disputed.
Some points about the name suggest problems in transmission. First, the name "Medan" sounds similar to the English word "maiden": this may mean that an originally masculine name was interpreted later as a woman's. Second, the name may well begin with the Gaelic element "mo" meaning "my" – an honorific or a diminutive.
The name has been related to several women saints recorded elsewhere. The element "edan" is similar to "Etáin", a name occurring once in the 15th century in Scotland, and argued as the virgin saint of Tumna near Boyle in County Roscommon in the diocese of Elphin – though another authority derives Cill Medoin in the diocese of Tuam not from an apocryphal saint Etáin but prosaically from the Irish for "middle church". Again, the name may be a version of Modwena (Moninne or Darerca), who was abbess of Cill Sléibe Cuilinn in Killevy near Slieve Gullion and died on 5 July 517 or 519; it is said that she founded a number of churches in Scotland. There is a 1901 dedication to a female St Medan in Troon in Ayrshire.
There are other perhaps stronger arguments for the name being that of a man. The name is similar to a man's name, Muadán, which occurs in commemorations on both sides of the Irish Sea, including Glendaruel in Argyll, and has been glossed as a version of "my Aedan": 16 saints bore the name Aedan, including the well-known Aedan of Lindisfarne. Again, a male saint named Medan was buried at Bodmin and perhaps commemorated at Tregavethan, both in Cornwall. A male Modan is the saint of Rosneath, Falkirk, Kirkton of Airlie in Forfar, Fraserburgh and Fintray in Aberdeenshire, and Freswick in Caithness. The church at Kingoldrum in Angus, which was given to Arbroath Abbey in 1211-14 by William the Lion, was dedicated to St Medan; not far from it is a St Medan's Well, and it is thought that originally it was a Celtic establishment. St Medan is also said to have been one of the three companions of St Drostan, the evangeliser of Aberdeenshire and founder of Deer Abbey.
St Medan's Cave, Kirkmaiden is situated at the foot of the degraded cliffline.

## Other information

Near the Kirkmaiden at Monreith in the Machars there is a golf course named St Medan's.
# Trans-Karakum Railway

The Trans-Karakum Railway is a 540 km (336 mi) long railway in the central Asian republic of Turkmenistan. The railway was officially completed on 19 February 2006.
The railway took over 1,500 workers more than five years to build, with 800 contractors working in the harsh conditions of the Karakum Desert. The railway was built using no foreign specialists - only companies and contractors from Turkmenistan were used. The opening ceremony was held at Içoguz (formerly Darvaza), where a white marble railway station with a capacity of 100 people a day was built for the event.
The railway takes 12 hours to traverse, halving the previous travel time between the two cities of Ashgabat and Dashoguz by replacing the route from through Mary and Lebap provinces and along the border with Uzbekistan with one 700 km (435 mi) shorter. There are 17 stations along the entire route, some serving existing villages, and others serving as a drop-off point for planned villages. Over 130 bridges span the various water features, and a new highway is also being constructed alongside the railway. It is the third large-scale project implemented since Turkmenistan's independence. Earlier, a 132 km (82 mi) stretch of the 280 km (174 mi) Tejen-Serakhs-Mashhad railway as well as the 205 km (127 mi) long Türkmenabat-Kerki railway were built in the country.
# Ocydromiini

Ocydromiini is a tribe of hybotid flies.

## Genera

* Abocciputa Plant, 1989
* Apterodromia Oldroyd, 1949
* Austropeza Plant, 1989
* Hoplopeza Bezzi, 1909
* Leptodromiella Tuomikoski, 1936
* Leptodromia Sinclair & Cumming, 2000
* Leptopeza Macquart, 1834
* Neotrichina Cumming, 2000
* Ocydromia Meigen, 1820
* Oropezella Collin, 1926
* Pseudoscelolabes Collin, 1933
* Scelolabes Philippi, 1865
* Stylocydromia Saigusa, 1986
# English rule

English rule may refer to:
* English rule (attorney's fees), a common use of the term
* Golden rule (law), also known as British rule or English rule, a rule of statutory construction
# Diastictis robustior

Diastictis robustior is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1956. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, Nebraska, Oklahoma and South Dakota.
The wingspan is about 30 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing in June, July and September.
# Manilkara jaimiqui

Manilkara jaimiqui, commonly known as wild dilly, is a woody plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is native to tropical regions of North America, where it is found in the West Indies and south Florida. Its natural habitat is areas of coastal hammocks and pine rocklands.
It is a small tree or shrub with thick evergreen leaves. It produces small yellow flowers throughout the year, and has large scaly fruits.
This species is divided into four well-marked subspecies, which show little geographic overlap. They are:
* M. jaimiqui ssp. emarginata - The Bahamas and south Florida
* M. jaimiqui ssp. haitensis - Dominican Republic and Haiti
* M. jaimiqui ssp. jaimiqui - Cuba (Pinar del Río and Oriente), and Jamaica
* M. jaimiqui ssp. wrightiana - Cuba (central area, occasionally in Oriente)
# Cydistinae

The Cydistinae are a subfamily of phengodid beetles (Phengodidae). It contains the genera Cydistus and Microcydistus. The Cydistinae were until recently, incertae sedis due to their strange morphological characteristics, however molecular phylogenetics have shown them to be members of the Phengodidae. Unlike other Phengogidae, which are found exclusively in the Americas, Cydistinae are found in western Asia, including Southern and eastern Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Iran, and possibly Syria.
The biology of Cydistinae larva and adult females are not known, as only adult males have been described thus far. But, given that all the known larvae and neotenic larva-like females of the closely related Rhagophthalmidae and Phengodidae are bioluminescent, live in leaf litter and soil, and feed on millipedes, the larva and females of the Cydistinae likely possess similar characteristics.
The Cydistinae represent the earliest diverging lineage of the Phengodidae yet known, and are also sister to the Rhagophthalmidae.
# Kurume Castle

Kurume Castle (久留米城, Kurume-jō) was a castle structure in Kurume, Japan. Kurume Castle was built by the ninth son of Mōri Motonari, Kobayakawa Hidekane in 1587.
Kurume castle is now only ruins, with some stone walls and water moat. The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017.

## Gallery

* Well of Kurume Castle
* Stone wall of Higashigomon
* Stone wall of Tatsumiyagura
* Stone wall of TaikoYagura
* Kabokigomon gate

## Literature

* De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-9492722300.
# Florensky (crater)

Florensky is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the northeastern rim of the larger crater Vernadskiy. It is located on the far side of the Moon and cannot be directly seen from the Earth. The rim of this crater has been heavily eroded and it forms an irregular ring about the uneven interior. This crater was previously identified as Vernadskiy B before being assigned a name by the IAU in 1985.
# Ken MacLeod (disambiguation)

Ken MacLeod is a Scottish science fiction writer.
Ken MacLeod or Ken McLeod may also refer to:
* Ken McLeod (born 1948), Buddhist teacher
* Ken McLeod (cricketer) (born 1964), Jamaican cricketer
* K. G. MacLeod (Kenneth Grant MacLeod, 1888–1967), Scottish cricketer
* Ken MacLeod (Australian footballer) (1890–1940), Australian rules footballer
* K. G. MacLeod (1888–1967), known as Ken, Scottish international rugby union player
* Kenneth McLeod (1858–1940), politician in Alberta, Canada
* Kenneth G. McLeod (born 1962), Christian apologist and radio talk show host
* Kenneth P. MacLeod (1923–2001), American politician from Maine, USA
* Kenneth R. MacLeod (born 1955), former politician in New Brunswick, Canada
* Kenneth Roy MacLeod (1927–2011), judge and politician in Saskatchewan, Canada
# Trans-Sahara (disambiguation)

Trans-Sahara may refer to:
* Trans-Saharan trade route
* Trans-Sahara Highway, a transnational highway
* Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara
# Flagstaff Road

Flagstaff Road is an arterial road in the southern suburbs of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. It is one of the roads that carries commuter traffic between the city on the coastal plain and residential suburbs in the Adelaide Hills.

## Route

The northern end branches off of South Road at Darlington at a traffic light intersection with Marion Road opposite. Most of the road is in the suburb of Flagstaff Hill. The southern end is a roundabout where Blacks Road crosses, and Happy Valley Drive continues from Flagstaff Road in the suburb of Happy Valley. There are no major intersections along its length, only residential streets and local collectors.
The part of Flagstaff Road above the escarpment is a divided road with two lanes in each direction. Prior to widening, the steepest section was three lanes, with the middle lane reversible to match peak traffic flow. At the bottom, there are two lanes feeding into it from the traffic lights, and a total of five lanes feeding traffic towards Marion Road and South Road (northbound).

## History

The section with three lanes was upgraded to this standard in the 1980s, to address increasing traffic due to expanding suburbs such as Flagstaff Hill and Aberfoyle Park. The overhead lane direction indicators were upgraded from green arrows to white ones using newer technology in 2013. The 2019 South Australian state budget allocated A$32.9 million to widen the road and remove the reversible lane. Works started in early 2021, and were open to traffic in mid-2022.

## Intersections

Flagstaff Road is entirely contained within the City of Onkaparinga local government area.
| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| Darlington | 0.0 | 0.0 | Marion Road (A14 north) – Plympton, Brooklyn Park | Northern terminus of road |
| Darlington | 0.0 | 0.0 | Main South Road (A13) – St Marys, Reynella, Old Noarlunga | |
| Darlington | 0.25 | 0.16 | | begin three lanes |
| Flagstaff Hill | 1.0 | 0.62 | | Begin dual carriageway |
| Flagstaff Hill | 3.3 | 2.1 | Black Road – Flagstaff Hill | |
| Flagstaff Hill | 3.3 | 2.1 | Happy Valley Drive – Happy Valley | Southern terminus of road |
| Route transition |||||
# Cut Me Down

"Cut Me Down" is a song by the British rock and pop band Lloyd Cole and the Commotions, released in 1986 as the third single from their second studio album Easy Pieces. The song was written by Lloyd Cole and produced by Clive Langer and Alan Winstanley. It peaked at number 38 on the UK Singles Chart and remained in the top 75 for four weeks.

## Background

In a 2009 interview with Time Out, Cole said, "'Cut Me Down' was a lovely song, just three chords, which was ruined by the arrangement we gave it."

## Critical reception

Upon its release, Karen Swayne of Number One felt "Cut Me Down" was a welcome choice as a single after its "too-jaunty" predecessor "Lost Weekend". She commented, "It's a return to what he does best – all moody angst and careworn vocals alongside a dreamy beat." She added, "It may be too low key to win him any new supporters, but the bedsit brigade will be kept entertained." James Belsey of the Bristol Evening Post picked it as the newspaper's "single of the week" and described it as "subtle, elegantly thoughtful music with an infectious lilt".

## Track listing

7–inch single (UK, Europe and Australasia)
* "Cut Me Down" (Remix) – 4:18
* "Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken?" (Live – September '85) – 2:50
7–inch limited edition double pack single (UK)
* "Cut Me Down" (Remix) – 4:18
* "Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken?" (Live – September '85) – 2:50
* "Perfect Blue" (Instrumental) – 4:16
* "Forest Fire" (Live – December '84) – 4:41
12-inch single (UK, Europe and Australasia)
* "Cut Me Down" (Extended Remix) – 6:05
* "Cut Me Down" (7" Remix) – 4:18
* "Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken?" (Live) – 2:50
* "Forest Fire" (Live) – 4:41
12-inch single (Canada)
* "Cut Me Down" (Extended Remix) – 6:05
* "Lost Weekend" (Extended Mix) – 4:20
* "Forest Fire" (Live) – 4:23
* "Perfect Skin" (Live) – 3:00

## Personnel

Lloyd Cole and the Commotions
* Lloyd Cole – vocals, guitar
* Neil Clark – guitar
* Blair Cowan – keyboards
* Lawrence Donegan – bass
* Stephen Irvine – drums
Production
* Clive Langer – producer ("Cut Me Down", "Perfect Blue"), remixer ("Cut Me Down", "Perfect Blue")
* Alan Winstanley – producer ("Cut Me Down", "Perfect Blue"), remixer ("Cut Me Down", "Perfect Blue")
* Pete Dauncey – producer of "Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken? (Live)"
* Paul Nixon – producer of "Are You Ready to Be Heartbroken? (Live)"
* The Commotions – producers of "Forest Fire" (Live) and "Perfect Skin" (Live)
Other
* Peter Anderson – sleeve
* Clare Cameron – sleeve

## Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| Europe (European Hot 100 Singles) | 92 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 12 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 49 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 38 |