OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CRS4

CRS4, also known as Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (Italian: Centro di Ricerca, Sviluppo e Studi Superiori in Sardegna), is an interdisciplinary research center, founded by the Sardinia Autonomous Region on November 30, 1990. Since 2003, the center is located in the Technology Park of Sardinia, in the Comune of Pula. Several companies and research groups have chosen to establish their activities on this campus, giving rise to a thriving R&D community.
CRS4 is a private research center, but its shareholder is a regional agency: Sardegna Ricerche.
The center, initially headed by the Nobel Prize in Physics Carlo Rubbia (1990 to 1999), has had the following Presidents: Nicola Cabibbo (2000 to 2003), Carlo Rubbia (2003 to 2006), Paolo Zanella (2006 to 2014), Luigi Filippini (2014 to 2017), Annalisa Bonfiglio (2017 to 2020). Giacomo Cao, Sole Administrator (2020).
A young graduate student, Antonio Ticca, during his stage at CRS4 made the first Italian Website (www.crs4.it) in August 1993 (this is the real date, not the one cited in the press article), and with Francesco Ruggiero collaborated to the creation of the first European web newspaper in 1994 (L'Unione Sarda) and to one of the first and largest internet providers (Video On Line). In this sense CRS4 has been crucial for the development of the Internet and Web in Sardinia and Italy.
Today about 150 researchers are working at CRS4 and the 6 main strategic research sectors are:
* Biosciences Archived 2016-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
* Computational Infrastructure and Smart Projects
* Digital Technologies for Aerospace
* HPC for Energy and Environment
* ICT - Information Society
* Visual and Data-Intensive Computing
CRS4 is one of the major Italian Computing Centers and is equipped with the first Genotyping and massive DNA Sequencing Platform in Italy
# Plasmodium rhadinurum

Plasmodium rhadinurum is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Carinamoeba.
Like all Plasmodium species P. rhadinurum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

## Description

The parasite was first described by Thompson and Huff in 1944.
The schizonts give rise to 4 - 8 merozoites.
The gametocytes are round or elongate and may encircle the nucleus.

## Distribution

This species is found in Venezuela.

## Hosts

This species infects the lizard Iguana iguana iguana.
# Veleti

The Veleti, also known as Veletians, Wilzi, Wielzians, and Wiltzes, were a group of medieval Lechitic tribes within the territory of Western Pomerania, related to Polabian Slavs. They had formed together the Confederation of the Veleti, also known as the Union of the Veleti, a loose monarchic confederation of the tribes. Said state existed between the 6th and 10th centuries, after which, it was succeeded by the Lutician Federation.

## Name

The name Veleti stems from the root vel- ('high, tall'). The Veleti were called by other names, probably given by their neighbours, such as Lutices, Ljutici, or Volki, Volčki. The latter means 'wolf', and the former probably 'fierce creature' based upon the comparison with the belarusian definition lyutyj zvěr. In common with other Slavic groups between the Elbe and Oder Rivers, they were often described by Germanic sources as Wends. In the late 10th century, they were continued by the Lutici. In Einhard's Vita Karoli Magni, the Wilzi are said to refer to themselves as Welatabians.

## Veleti tribes

The first mention of a tribe named Veltae is found in Ptolemy's second-century Geography, Book III, chapter V: "Back from the Ocean, near the Venedicus Bay [Baltic Sea], the Veltae dwell, above whom are the Ossi." The Bavarian Geographer's anonymous medieval document compiled in Regensburg in 830 contains a list of the tribes in Central Europe east of the Elbe. Among other tribes it also lists the Uuilci (Veleti), featuring 95 civitates.
The Veleti did not remain a unified tribe for long: local tribes developed, the most important being: the Kissini (Kessiner, Chizzinen, Kyzziner) along the lower Warnow and Rostock, named after their capital Kessin; the Circipani (Zirzipanen) along the Trebel and Peene Rivers, with their capital believed to be Teterow and strongholds in Demmin and probably even Güstrow; the Tollenser east and south of the Peene along the Tollense River; and the Redarier south and east of the Tollensesee on the upper Havel. The Hevelli living in the Havel area and, though more unlikely, the Rujanes of Rugia might once have been part of the Veletians. Even the Leitha region of Lower Austria may have been named for a tribe of Veleti, the Leithi.
This political splitting of the Veleti probably occurred due to the size of the inhabited area, with settlements grouped around rivers and forts and separated by large strips of woodlands. Also, the Veletian king Dragowit had been defeated and made a vassal by Charlemagne in the only expedition into Slavic territory led by Charlemagne himself, in 789, causing the central Veletian rule to collapse. The Veleti were invaded by the Franks during their continuous expeditions into Obodrite lands, with the Obodrites being allies of the Franks against the Saxons. Einhard made these claims in "Vita Karoli Magni" (Life of Charles the Great), a biography of Charlemagne, King of the Franks.
After the 10th century, the Veleti disappeared from written records, and were replaced by the Lutici who at least in part continued the Veleti tradition.

## Known leaders

* Dragovit (c. 740–810)
* Liub (810–823)
* Milegast (823–823)
* Cealadragus (823–?)
# Dexter Faulk

Dexter Faulk (born April 14, 1984) is an American male former track and field hurdler who specialized in the 110-meter hurdles. He holds personal records of 13.13 seconds outdoors and 7.40 seconds in the indoor 60-meter hurdles event, which ranks him twelfth on the all-time lists as of 2018. He was a gold medallist at the 2007 NACAC Championships.

## Career

From Atlanta, he began taking part in the hurdles in 10th grade at high school. Faulk attended Barton Community College and went undefeated in the hurdles over a 2-year period at NJCAA-level. He competed internationally at a young age, coming sixth at the 2001 World Youth Championships in Athletics and taking silver at the 2003 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships.
He began to rank in the global elite from 2007, with a personal best of 13.34 seconds giving him his first top 25 global ranking. He won the gold medal at the first NACAC Senior Championships He recorded a time of 13.40 seconds in 2008 but did not compete internationally. His strongest season came in 2009 when he took two victories on the 2009 IAAF Golden League circuit: he improved his personal best multiple times, winning with 13.21 seconds at the Josef Odložil Memorial, 13.18 seconds at the ISTAF Berlin, then a lifetime best of 13.14 seconds at the Meeting Areva in Paris. The latter time made him the number one ranked athlete in the world, but he hit a hurdle at the 2009 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, which meant he was not selected for the World Championships team. He did however end the season with a silver medal at the 2009 IAAF World Athletics Final.
In the 2010 and 2011 seasons his form wavered and his best run of this period was 13.35 seconds in Padua. He had a resurgence in 2012, starting with a 60-meter hurdles time of 7.40 seconds at the USA Indoor Track and Field Championships. This was a world leading time which moved him into the all-time top twelve on the global lists. However, he again faltered in the national championships and failed to qualify for the IAAF World Indoor Championships. Outdoors, he managed to match his personal record with a time of 13.13 seconds to win at the Golden Spike Ostrava meet. He reached the final at the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, but a sixth-place finish left him did not give him an Olympic berth. He competed sparingly thereafter before retiring and focused on coaching instead.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| 2001 | World Youth Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 6th | 110 m hurdles | |
| 2003 | Pan American Junior Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 2nd | 110 m hurdles | 13.82 |
| 2007 | NACAC Championships | San Salvador, El Salvador | 1st | 110 m hurdles | 13.35 |
| 2009 | World Athletics Final | Thessaloniki, Greece | 2nd | 110 m hurdles | 13.26 |

## Circuit wins

* 2009 IAAF Golden League
** ISTAF Berlin
** Meeting Areva
# Darwin Entertainment Centre

The Darwin Entertainment Centre is the city's main concert venue and hosts theatre and orchestral performances in Darwin, Australia. The centre is located in the Heart of Darwin's central business district. The Darwin Symphony Orchestra regularly plays there.
American singer Tina Turner performed at the venue in February 1988 as part of her Break Every Rule World Tour.

## History

The Darwin Entertainment Centre was built during the 1980s and was Opened by the Administrator of the Northern Territory in 1986. The Darwin Entertainment Centre is the premier entertainment and convention venue in Darwin, Australia. The Darwin Entertainment Centre is located in the city's entertainment district of Mitchell Street.

## Building

The Darwin Entertainment Centre houses two theatres including a Playhouse which is a traditional proscenium arch theatre seating more than 1000 people and a Studio Theatre which is a smaller theatre seating more than 290 people. There is also an Exhibition Gallery and Rehearsal Room.
The centre has many performances and has played host to major national and international acts as well as local artists, local Eisteddfod competitions, and school concerts.
# David Yelland

David Yelland is the name of:
* David Yelland (actor) (born 1947), English actor
* David Yelland (journalist) (born 1963), English journalist and newspaper editor
# Karen Glaser (actress)

Karen Glaser was an English actress, who was best known for playing Madame Chargon in A Patriotic Offering of the first episode of the fourth series of the period drama Upstairs, Downstairs. It first aired on 14 September 1974 on ITV.
Glaser was also known for playing Erica Vargas in the episodes The Last Journey and Budapest of the series of The Wanderer (1959). She was also known for playing Shirley Coniston in the Playbox (1959).
Glaser was also known for Very Like a Whale (1980) and The Two Ronnies (1971).
# Labor Congress of Liberia

The Labor Congress of Liberia (abbreviated LCL) was a trade union centre in Liberia. It was one of the precursors of the Liberian Federation of Trade Unions (LFTU).

## 1951 foundation and 1954 re-foundation

LCL was founded as the first trade union centre in the country in 1951, but the organization soon became defunct. LCL was re-founded in February 1954, with Leroy Francis, a West Indian, playing a leading role. As of mid-1955 LCL had five affiliates: the General Workers' Union, the Dock Workers' Union, the Mine Workers' Union, the Railroad Workers' Union, and the Rubber Workers' Union. LCL claimed to have 50,000 members, although more conservative estimates put the number of due-paying members at around 1,000. Outside of Monrovia LCL established branches at Greenville, Sinoe County and Bomi Hills.

## 1955 strikes

In 1955 the LCL-affiliated GWU organized a strike of road construction workers, demanding increase in wages. Negotiations lasted for 8 weeks. The Liberian government took part in facilitating negotiations with the road construction company. Another 1955 strike, a strike at the Bomi Hills Mining Company, was put down by military police. The union leaders were jailed, and LCL went defunct.

## 1958 re-foundation

LCL was once again re-founded in 1958 by T. Dupigny-Leigh (Social Secretary in the Liberian government). Like the previous Labor Union of Liberia, LCL under Dupigny-Leigh was backed up by the Liberian government. LCL was led by William V.S. Tubman, Jr., the son of the Liberian president William Tubman. Union fees of LCL went directly to the governing True Whig Party. LCL was affiliated to ICFTU.

## 1959 split

In 1959 LCL underwent a split, and the break-away Congress of Industrial Organizations was formed. The split begun when the independent-minded Monrovia mechanics union moved away from the pro-government LCL. LCL was divided into the Leigh group (favoring close relations with the government) and the McGill group (favoring independent unions).

## Later period

LCL became largely defunct after the split. CIO overtook the membership in ICFTU. As of 1964 LCL was estimated to have around 1,000 members. As of the mid-1960s LCL reportedly had only one affiliated union, maintaining a presence amongst dock workers.
In 1977 President William R. Tolbert Jr. urged the different trade union centres to unite into a single body. The Liberian Federation of Trade Unions (LFTU) was founded, re-uniting LCL and CIO.
# Medicals RFC

Medicals RFC is a rugby union club in Newcastle Upon Tyne who have been in existence since 1898. They currently play in the Counties 1 Durham & Northumberland league having been promoted from Durham/Northumberland 2 in the 2009-10 season.
Medicals RFC are most famous for the 1995-6 side that reached the final of the RFU Pilkington Shield at Twickenham and won the trophy – beating Helston RFC, Cornwall 16 v 6.
The uniform of the Club is maroon jerseys with white collars, white shorts and maroon stockings with white tops.

## Medicals RFC History

The club was formed in 1898 as the Durham University College of Medicine R.F.C. Medicals RFC was then elected a senior member of the Northumberland Rugby Union in 1920.
A Junior Club between 1934 and 1937 when they were again elected a Senior Member of the N.R.U. They were Northumberland Senior Cup Winners in 1922, 1923, 1952 and 1953.

## Club Honours

* Pilkington Shield winners: 1996
* Northumberland Senior Cup winners (4): 1922, 1923, 1952, 1953
* Northumberland Senior Plate winners (2): 2012, 2022
* Durham/Northumberland 1 champions: 1998–99
* Durham/Northumberland 3 champions: 2006–07

## Notable players

The Club has produced five Internationals:
* Dr EE. Chapman, 1910-14. (The first man to score a try and kick a goal at Twickenham)
* Dr R. Armstrong, 1924.
* Dr Stephen Peel, a wartime cap.
* W.G.D. Morgan, 1960-61.
* O.W.N. Caplan 1978.
Trialists also include Dr G.C.Taylor, Mr G. Scott-Page and Dr Maurice Jones.

## RFU Presidents

Medicals RFC also has the honour and distinction of having two members elected to the position of President of the RFU
* Mr D.D.Serfontein, 1992-1993.
* Mr W.G.D. Morgan 2002-2003

## Pilkington Shield (1996)

The finest hour of the club's achievement was on 4 May 1996 Twickenham, winners of the National Junior Club Knock-out Competition, The Pilkington Shield. Medicals RFC beat Helston RFC (Cornwall) by 16 points to 6.

## Current Information

Currently, Medicals RFC play in Durham/Northumberland 1. Recently Medicals RFC have been successful within the Durham & Northumberland league competitions:
* This English rugby union team article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Plasmodium polare

Plasmodium polare is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Papernaia.
Like all Plasmodium species P. polare has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.

## Description

The parasite was first described by Manwell in 1934.
It is relatively small and produces on the average nine merozoites per infection. It has abundant cytoplasm.

## Geographical occurrence

This parasite occurs in the United States.

## Clinical features and host pathology

Hosts of this species include the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), yellow wagtails (Motacilla flava) and American cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota).

## Related species

It is related to the following species:
Plasmodium asanum Plasmodium circumflexum Plasmodium durae Plasmodium fallax Plasmodium formosanum Plasmodium gabaldoni Plasmodium hegneri Plasmodium lophrae Plasmodium lophrae Plasmodium pediocetti Plasmodium pinotti
# Venniyani Mala

Venniyani Mala is a mountain in Thodupuzha Taluk near Thodupuzha where Victor George, a photographer of Malayala Manorama daily, met his death in 2001 due to a landslide.
# Dhumthang

Ghumthang is a village in Sindhupalchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3975 and had 760 houses in the village. The rugged village hit by landslide sep 13 2020, 5 dead, 31 missing following heavy rain.
# Eudoliche longa

Eudoliche longa is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found in French Guiana.
# Kaspars Saulietis

Kaspars Saulietis (born 12 June 1987) is a Latvian ice hockey right winger, currently playing for Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League.
# Centered cube number

A centered cube number is a centered figurate number that counts the points in a three-dimensional pattern formed by a point surrounded by concentric cubical layers of points, with i$^2$ points on the square faces of the ith layer. Equivalently, it is the number of points in a body-centered cubic pattern within a cube that has n + 1 points along each of its edges.
The first few centered cube numbers are
    1, 9, 35, 91, 189, 341, 559, 855, 1241, 1729, 2331, 3059, 3925, 4941, 6119, 7471, 9009, ... (sequence A005898 in the OEIS).

## Formulas

The centered cube number for a pattern with n concentric layers around the central point is given by the formula
    $n^{3}+(n+1)^{3}=(2n+1)\left(n^{2}+n+1\right).$
The same number can also be expressed as a trapezoidal number (difference of two triangular numbers), or a sum of consecutive numbers, as
    ${\binom {(n+1)^{2}+1}{2}}-{\binom {n^{2}+1}{2}}=(n^{2}+1)+(n^{2}+2)+\cdots +(n+1)^{2}.$

## Properties

Because of the factorization (2n + 1)(n$^2$ + n + 1), it is impossible for a centered cube number to be a prime number. The only centered cube numbers which are also the square numbers are 1 and 9, which can be shown by solving x$^2$ = y$^3$ + 3y , the only integer solutions being (x,y) from {(0,0), (1,2), (3,6), (12,42)}, By substituting a=(x-1)/2 and b=y/2, we obtain x^2=2y^3+3y^2+3y+1. This gives only (a,b) from {(-1/2,0), (0,1), (1,3), (11/2,21)} where a,b are half-integers.
# Doğanyuva, Çayırlı

Doğanyuva is a village in the Çayırlı District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 52 in 2021.
# Egodagoda

Egodagoda is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Joseph Kinsey (entrepreneur)

Sir Joseph James Kinsey (1852 – 5 May 1936) was a businessman, collector, and philanthropist from Christchurch, New Zealand. He was deeply connected to the Antarctic expeditions of Sir Ernest Shackleton (1874–1922) and Captain Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912).
Kinsey was born in Plumstead near London in 1852; at the time, his home town belonged to Kent. He received his education at the Royal Naval School near Greenwich. In 1872, he married Sarah Ann Garrard of London, and they had a daughter, May, in 1873. He taught for eight years at Dulwich College and resigned in 1880 to emigrate to New Zealand on the Jessie Readman. Kinsey and his family arrived at Lyttelton Harbour on 22 October 1880.
Kinsey settled in Christchurch and in 1880, he set up Kinsey and Co., shipping agents and insurance brokers.
Kinsey was a very close friend to Robert Falcon Scott, and some of the last things that Scott wrote in his diary were to Kinsey. The two pages in Scott's journal were of such intimate nature that they were cut out and given to Kinsey before it was sent to England.
Kinsey was a collector of books; he had a personal library of over 15,000 titles. When special books were published, he often bought between a half to a dozen of them, to then given them away to visitors or other book lovers.
He was awarded the Scott Medal by the Royal Geography Society in 1914, and in the 1919 New Year Honours, Kinsey was knighted for his contributions to the Antarctic expeditions. In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.
Kinsey died on 5 May 1936 at his home 'Warrimoo' in Papanui Road in the Christchurch suburb of Merivale. His body was brought to Wellington, where he was cremated at Karori and his ashes interred at the adjoining cemetery. His wife died on 15 May 1941 at their home. Her funeral service was held at St Mary's Church in Merivale, and she was buried in the cemetery of St Paul's Anglican Church in Papanui.
# Venningen

Venningen is a municipality in Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Dialed Number Identification Service

Dialed Number Identification Service (DNIS) is a service offered by telecommunications companies to corporate clients which identifies the originally dialed telephone number of an inbound call. The client may use this information for call routing to internal destinations or activation of special call handling.
For DNIS service, the telephone company sends a sequence of typically four to ten digits during call setup.
Direct inward dial (DID) service also provides DNIS.
For example, a company may have a different toll-free telephone number for each product line it sells, or for multilingual customer support. If a call center is handling calls for multiple product lines, the corporate telephone system that receives the call analyzes the DNIS signaling and may play an appropriate recorded greeting. For interactive voice response (IVR) systems, DNIS is used as routing information for dispatching purposes, to determine which script or service should be activated based on the number that was dialed to reach the IVR platform.
In the United States, DNIS is commonly provided for 800- and 900-services.
# Department of Northern Development (Australia)

The Department of Northern Development was an Australian government department that existed between December 1972 and June 1975.

## History

The Department of Northern Development was established in December 1972 charged with overall policy and co-ordination in Australia's development north of the 26th parallel. The Government appointed Ray Livingston, formerly a Deputy Secretary at the Department of Trade and Industry, Secretary of the Department in the days after its formal establishment.
In June 1975, the Department was replaced by the Department of Northern Australia which was an amalgamation of the Northern Development Department and the Department of the Northern Territory.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.
At its creation, the Department was responsible for the following:
* In respect of the part of Australia north of the parallel 26 degrees south latitude:
** Matters related to the specialised development and utilisation of natural resources, being land, water and minerals
** Matters related to the production and marketing of sugar and beef, and the production, processing and export of minerals
** Specialised transport development projects, including beef and development roads, mining railways and mineral port facilities
* In relation to the foregoing-
** The undertaking or support of research
** The planning or initiation of projects
** The co-ordination of activities in respect of projects
** Co-operation with the States and other authorities

## Structure

The Department was a Commonwealth Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Northern Development, Rex Patterson.
# Daxing Township, Heilongjiang

Daxing Township (simplified Chinese: 大兴乡; traditional Chinese: 大興鄉; pinyin: Dàxīng Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang, China. As of 2018, it has 6 villages under its administration.