OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Don Martin Island

Don Martin Island, also known as Don Martin Islet or San Martín Island, is an island belonging to Peru located in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of the department of Lima. It is located one kilometer southwest of Vegueta Point and has an area of approximately 16.50 hectares. The island is very important because it is a guano deposit and the habitat of numerous species of marine birds, which have found a feeding, breeding and resting area on Don Martín Island. For this reason, in 2009 the island was protected by law within the National Reserve System of Islands, Islets and Puntas Guaneras, a natural reserve that protects and preserves representative samples of the biological diversity of the marine-coastal ecosystems of Peru.

## Geographic description

Don Martín Island is under the influence of the cold waters of the Humboldt Current and is located around 11º 01' S latitude and 77° 40' W longitude. The highest point of the island is 50 meters above sea level. It is approximately 800 m long, in a north–south direction, and 200 m wide from east to west. The whitish color of the island is the result of the mixture of the guano layers and the erosion of the rocky surface.
Don Martín Island, with its trapezoidal shape and almost flat relief, has small rocky formations on the southwest side and on the east side there is an area known as La Península, which is a space where, in addition to a dock, there are also areas that house a contingent of workers who come to the island during the guano extraction season.

## Biological diversity

Don Martín Island is an important biogeographical point in terms of breeding sites for some species of marine birds such as the Peruvian booby (Sula variegata) and the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti). Other species of birds that can be observed include the guanay (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), the chuita (Phalacrocorax gaimardi), the cushuri (Phalacrocorax brasilianus), the Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus), and the black-billed curlew (Larosterna inca), Peruvian gull (Larus belcheri), Dominican gull (Larus dominicanus), grey gull (Larus modestus), grey capuchin gull (Larus cirrocephalus), Franklin's gull (Larus pipixcan), red-crowned gallinule (Cathartes aura), and grebes (Podiceps major).
The underwater world of Don Martin Island shows an impressive landscape and a lot of life, where fish and invertebrates are the most representative taxonomic groups. The most abundant species of fish are represented by the pejesapo (Gobiesox marmoratus), machete (Ethmidium maculatum), lorna (Sciaena deliciosa), etc. Invertebrates among mollusks and crustaceans are the turban snail (Tegula atra), fan shell (Argopecten purpuratus), clam (Semele corrugata), plover (Semymitilus algosus), hairy crab (Cancer setosus), moon snail (Natica caneloensis), limpet (Fissurella crassa), small crab (Pilumnoides perlatus), wattleshell (Chiton cumingsii), etc.
In the marine mammal group, 2 species have been recorded: the sea otter (Lontra felina) and the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens), a species of sea lion that belongs to the Otariidae family.
# Don Martinez

Donald S. Martinez (1903-1955), was an American commercial fly tier, fly shop owner and fly angler. He is most noted for his development and promotion of the woolly worm fly and dry fly fishing in the Yellowstone National Park region. He operated a seasonal fly shop in West Yellowstone, Montana during the summers of 1932-1943. Pat Barnes bought the business after World War II and operated the Pat Barnes Tackle Shop until 1981.

## West Yellowstone, Montana

Martinez was also a founder of the Izaak Walton League and is credited with introducing dry fly fishing to Yellowstone National Park in the 1930s. To Martinez has been attributed the marketing of the Woolly Worm (imitation) lure for western waters. Northwest Fly Fishing Magazine named Don Martinez to its 'Pioneers & Legends' distinction in the fall of 2004, two years before Zane Grey. Don Martinez has also been featured in the book, Fly Fishing Pioneers & Legends of the Northwest. In his classic 1955 text “Matching The Hatch” Ernest Schwiebert credits Don Martinez with developing the Whitcraft fly pattern, and declares it “excellent in sizes 10 through 16”. Born in Chicago and later relocating to southern California, Martinez was a real estate executive, and son of George D. Martinez and Alice Shillman Martinez. He and his spouse Nola had two children, David G. Martinez and Mary M. Martinez.

## Education

Martinez graduated from Cornell University in 1918, and was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity.
# Pereira v Camden Council

Pereira v Camden Council was a 1998 Court of Appeal case in England and an important case law authority in housing law. It established the 'Pereira Test' which states that a person is vulnerable (for the purposes of surmounting the homelessness test in the Housing Act 1996) "if their circumstances are such that they would suffer more when homeless than ‘the ordinary homeless person’ and would suffer an injury or other detriment that the ordinary homeless person would not". In reality this often proved an impossibly difficult hurdle for some people to surmount.
# Pereiro de Palhacana

Pereiro de Palhacana (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Alenquer, in western Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Ribafria e Pereiro de Palhacana. It covers 9.12 km$^2$ (3.52 sq mi) in area, with 591 inhabitants as of 2001.
# Corf (mining)

A corf (pl. corves) also spelt corve (pl. corves) in mining is a wicker basket or a small human powered (in later times in the case of the larger mines, horse drawn) minecart for carrying or transporting coal, ore, etc. Human powered corfs had generally been phased out by the turn of the 20th century, with horse drawn corfs having been mostly replaced by horse drawn or motorised minecarts mounted on rails by the late 1920s. Also similar is a Tram, originally a box on runners, dragged like a sledge.

## Origin of term

1350–1400; Middle English from Dutch and German Korb, ultimately borrowed from Latin corbis basket; cf. corbeil.

## Survivors

The National Coal Mining Museum for England has a hazel basket type Corf from William Pit near Whitehaven.
# Eldredgeops

Eldredgeops is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, known from the late Middle and earliest Upper Devonian of Morocco and the USA.

## Description

Like in all sighted Phacopina, the eyes of Eldredgeops are composed of very large (0.5mm in Eldredgeops rana), separately set lenses without a common cornea (so called schizochroal eyes), and like almost all other Phacopina, the articulate mid-length part of the body (or thorax) in Eldredgeops has 11 segments.
In contrast to the related Phacops, Eldredgeops generally has a raised ridge along the ventral margin of the cephalon, the glabella is more inflated, the lateral parts of the preoccipital ring are rectangular (and not round), the palpebral area and palpebral lobe are larger than in P. latifrons (the type species of Phacops), and there is no fold right behind the posterior vertical row of lenses nor an isolated raised area just below the lenses.

## Distribution

All phacopids died out in North America during the Kačák Event at the end of the Eifelian. The phacopids returned to North America during the early Givetian with the emigration of Eldredgeops species from Morocco.

## Taxonomy

The species included in Eldredgeops were previously regarded as belonging to Phacops. It was considered however that the post-Eifelian North-American relatives of P. rana differ sufficiently from those found in Africa and Europe to be assigned to a separate genus. The new name is used for the North American species as the type species Phacops latifrons is European. However, old combinations like Phacops rana are widely used among fossil collectors. Pre-Givetian North-American species previously included in Phacops have also been reassigned, such as P. cristatus (now referred to Viaphacops), P. microps and P. raymondi (now Kainops), P. cambelli, P. birdsongensis, P. claviger and P. logani (now Paciphacops).

### Species and occurrence

* E. rana (Green, 1832) = Phacops rana rana is present in the Givetian (Middle Cazenovian, Stafford limestone, west New York State; Iowa and adjacent states; Tioughniogan of the Appalachians and New York State) and Frasnian (Chemung sandstones, New York and Maryland).
* E. africanus (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = P. rana africanus, occurs in Morocco
* E. crassituberculata (Stumm, 1953) = Phacops rana crassituberculata, appears in the Givetian (Lower Cazenovian) of the US (Delaware and Dundee Limestone, Ohio; and Soltsville siltstone, east central New York State).
* E. milleri (Stewart, 1927) = Phacops rana milleri, has been excavated from the Givetian (Middle and Upper Cazenovian, Tully Formation, New York State; Michigan and Iowa).
* E. norwoodensis (Stumm, 1953) = Phacops rana norwoodensis, found in Givetian strata (Traverse Group of Michigan, Milwaukee Formation of Wisconsin, and Cedar Valley Group of Iowa and Illinois).
* E. paucituberculata (Eldredge, 1972) = Phacops rana paucituberculata, can be found in the Givetian (Cazenovian) of the US (Plum Brook shale of north-central Ohio; and Upper Ferron Point shale of northeast Michigan).
* E. tindoufensis (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = P. rana tindoufensis, is found in Morocco.
# Leskovik (Bela Palanka)

Leskovik (Serbian Cyrillic: Лесковик) is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 24 people.
# Let's Make the Teacher Have a Miscarriage Club

Let's Make the Teacher Have a Miscarriage Club (先生を流産させる会, Sensei wo Ryūzan Saseru Kai) is a 2011 Japanese thriller film directed by Eisuke Naitō in his directorial debut. The film follows a group of five junior high school girls led by a psychopath who decide to make their teacher have a miscarriage after hearing the news of her pregnancy.
# Elachista multidentella

Elachista multidentella is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Sinev and Sruoga in 1995. It is found in south-eastern Siberia and Japan.
# Cornell Mayer

Cornell Henry Mayer (10 December 1921 – 19 November 2005) was a radio astronomer, who was the first to accurately measure the temperature of Venus by measuring the planet's thermal radiation.

## Biography

He was born on 10 December 1921 in Ossian, Iowa. Mayer graduated from the University of Iowa in 1943. During World War II, he served in the US Navy at the US Naval Research Laboratory where he worked on the first submarine periscope radar. He received a Master's degree from the University of Maryland in 1951 studying electrical engineering. He died on 19 November 2005 of congestive heart failure at his home in Mount Vernon, Virginia.

## Career highlights

* Returned to the NRL, he used the 50 ft (15m) radio telescope for his earlier work.
* In 1958, publication of microwave measurements of Venus raised the possibility that the surface of the planet was extremely hot. It triggered an international effort to measure and analyze the microwave spectrum of Venus.
* After the measurements of Venus, Mayer measured the surface temperature of Mars and atmospheric temperature of Jupiter.
* The 1964 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Charles H. Townes, shared his prize money with Mayer, who had been a collaborator in studying planetary thermal radiation.
* A career highlight was the award of the Navy Superior Civilian Service Award in 1969.
* He wrote more than 75 scientific articles.
* Isaac Asimov quoted Mayer extensively in The Secret of the Universe.
* Mayer spent his entire 36-year career at the NRL and became the head of radio astronomy branch, retiring in 1980.
# Letham F.C.

Letham are a Scottish football club from the Letham area in the northwest of Perth. They are members of the East Region of the Scottish Junior Football Association and currently play in the Midlands Football League.

## History

Letham were formed in 1960 as an amateur club, playing in the Perthshire Amateur Football Association. They joined the Scottish Junior Football Association in 2021. Their home ground is Seven Acres. The club has a longstanding history in youth football and currently runs around twenty teams in various age groups.
# Letham Grange estate

Letham Grange is a mansion and estate situated north of Arbroath, in Angus, Scotland. The mansion itself is category B listed.

## History

The mansion was constructed between 1827 and 1830. The architect was Archibald Simpson. During the late 20th century, the mansion was converted into a hotel and private houses were built on the estate.
The estate had its own railway station, Letham Grange railway station, on the North British, Arbroath and Montrose Railway.
A golf club on the estate was opened in 1987, the official opening attended by Henry Cotton. The estate was acquired by Taiwanese man Peter Liu. The hotel closed in 2002, and the golf club folded in November 2019. The site has also been home to a curling club.
# Liam Irwin

Liam Irwin is a former Gaelic football player with Laois in Ireland.
Nicknamed "George", he played at midfield and in 1986 was part of the Laois team that won the county's second National Football League title.
Liam also picked up an All-Star award that year.
In 1992, Liam won his only Laois Senior Football Championship title with his club Ballyroan.
* 1 Leinster Under 21 Football Championship 1982
* 1 National Football League Division 1 1986
* 1 All Star 1986
* 1 Laois Senior Football Championship 1992
# Electoral district of Cambooya

Cambooya was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Queensland, Australia.

## History

Cambooya was created by the Electoral Districts Act of 1887, taking effect at the 1888 elections. It was based on the Western Downs area.
Cambooya was abolished at the 1912 elections, renamed the Electoral district of Pittsworth.

## Members

The following people were elected in the seat of Cambooya:
| Member | Party | Term detail |
| Patrick Perkins | none | 10 May 1888 – 6 May 1893 |
| Henry John Daniels | Labor | 6 May 1893 – 18 Mar 1899 |
| Donald Mackintosh | Ministerial | 18 Mar 1899 – 27 Apr 1912 |
# Cornland School

Cornland School is a one-room schoolhouse located in Chesapeake, Virginia. "It is believed to be the oldest pre-Rosenwald School still standing in Tidewater Virginia." It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

## History

The one-room building was built sometime around 1902. However, there is also evidence that the building existed circa 1885. Cornland was built with no electricity or indoor plumbing, and was heated by a wood-burning stove, which sat in the middle of the floor. The school represents one of the regions earliest attempts to educate African American children. The school was closed in 1952, when it was consolidated with other nearby schools. According to a supporter of the restoration project,
“While the present building dates to 1902, we know that there was an earlier school building close by. Records indicate that there were three schools for African-American children in the Pleasant Grove District of Norfolk County as early as 1871; Cornland’s predecessor is believed to be one. Local legend says freed slaves who treasured the opportunity to educate their children built it on land donated by Israel Foreman. By 1885, official documents begin recording the names of the teachers in the school. A restored Cornland School would honor the roots of African-American education while reminding us of how far we have come.”
In order to learn more about the school's history, Cornland School Foundation members are conducting interviews with former alumni, some of which are also actively involved in the school's preservation.

## Preservation

In 2010, Preservation Virginia listed Cornland School as one of its most endangered historic sites as it "is in serious disrepair." The City of Chesapeake is currently seeking to restore the building. The building itself has undergone smaller repairs such as the replacement of the front step. After the school was closed in 1952, it was used as a church and a residence. Some of the modifications needed for those structures still remain in the building.

### Architecture

According to the Cornland School Foundation,
In the style of Vernacular architecture, "the structure is constructed of wood clapboard siding and a standing-seam metal roof. A small brick chimney protrudes from the center of the roofline. Windows are six-over-six, though the glass is continuous in each sash and not broken by the muntins. There are three windows on both the east and west facades. The remaining glazing has been covered with faux-stained glass plastic films. The windows have been boarded up to weatherproof the structure until stabilization and restoration are possible.”
# Les Mureaux

Les Mureaux (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the north-western suburbs of Paris, 35.9 km (22.3 mi) from the centre of Paris.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 745 | — |
| 1800 | 752 | +0.13% |
| 1806 | 781 | +0.63% |
| 1821 | 813 | +0.27% |
| 1831 | 783 | −0.38% |
| 1836 | 720 | −1.66% |
| 1841 | 774 | +1.46% |
| 1846 | 827 | +1.33% |
| 1851 | 794 | −0.81% |
| 1856 | 885 | +2.19% |
| 1861 | 983 | +2.12% |
| 1866 | 1,113 | +2.52% |
| 1872 | 1,230 | +1.68% |
| 1876 | 1,394 | +3.18% |
| 1881 | 1,740 | +4.53% |
| 1886 | 2,006 | +2.89% |
| 1891 | 2,070 | +0.63% |
| 1896 | 2,214 | +1.35% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 2,285 | +0.63% |
| 1906 | 2,234 | −0.45% |
| 1911 | 2,485 | +2.15% |
| 1921 | 2,896 | +1.54% |
| 1926 | 3,540 | +4.10% |
| 1931 | 4,605 | +5.40% |
| 1936 | 5,048 | +1.85% |
| 1946 | 5,427 | +0.73% |
| 1954 | 8,218 | +5.32% |
| 1962 | 19,016 | +11.06% |
| 1968 | 21,733 | +2.25% |
| 1975 | 28,165 | +3.77% |
| 1982 | 31,619 | +1.67% |
| 1990 | 33,089 | +0.57% |
| 1999 | 31,739 | −0.46% |
| 2007 | 32,911 | +0.45% |
| 2012 | 30,760 | −1.34% |
| 2017 | 32,792 | +1.29% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. :
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Transport

Les Mureaux is served by Les Mureaux station on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line.

## Education

There are eleven preschools, eleven elementary schools, three junior high schools, and two senior high schools/sixth form colleges in Les Mureaux.
Junior high schools:
* Collège Paul-Verlaine
* Collège Jules-Verne
* Collège Jean-Vilar
Senior high schools/sixth form colleges:
* Lycée professionnel et technologique Jacques-Vaucanson
* Lycée général et technologique François-Villon

## International relations

Les Mureaux is twinned with:
* Idar-Oberstein, Germany
* Margate, United Kingdom
* Nonantola, Italy
* Sosnowiec, Poland
# Leveraged recapitalization

In corporate finance, a leveraged recapitalization is a change of the company's capital structure, usually substitution of debt for equity.

## Overview

Such recapitalizations are executed via issuing bonds to raise money and using the proceeds to buy the company's stock or to pay dividends. Such a maneuver is called a leveraged buyout when initiated by an outside party, or a leveraged recapitalization when initiated by the company itself for internal reasons. These types of recapitalization can be minor adjustments to the capital structure of the company, or can be large changes involving a change in the power structure as well.
Leveraged recapitalizations are used by privately held companies as a means of refinancing, generally to provide cash to the shareholders while not requiring a total sale of the company. Debt (in the form of bonds) has some advantages over equity as a way of raising money, since it can have tax benefits and can enforce a cash discipline. The reduction in equity also makes the firm less vulnerable to a hostile takeover.
Leveraged recapitalizations can be used by public companies to increase earnings per share. The Capital structure substitution theory shows this only works for public companies that have an earnings yield that is smaller than their after-tax interest rate on corporate bonds, and that operate in markets that allow share repurchases.
There are downsides, however. This form of recapitalization can lead a company to focus on short-term projects that generate cash (to pay off the debt and interest payments), which in turn leads the company to lose its strategic focus. Also, if a firm cannot make its debt payments, meet its loan covenants or rollover its debt it enters financial distress which often leads to bankruptcy. Therefore, the additional debt burden of a leveraged recapitalization makes a firm more vulnerable to unexpected business problems including recessions and financial crises.
# Leverano

Leverano (Salentino: Liranu) is a town and comune in the province of Lecce in the southeastern part of the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Arnesano, Carmiano, Copertino, Nardò and Veglie.

## History

Leverano was severely destroyed by the Ostrogoth Totila, it was also destroyed by the Arabs in the 9th century. A tower was later built in 1220 and it protected against pirate raids. The tower is built with Norman architecture.

## Leverano DOC

The area around Leverano produces both red, white and rose Italian DOC wine, though the region produces vastly more red wine than anything else. The grapes are limited to a harvest yield of 15 tonnes/ha. Red wines must have a finished alcohol level of at least 12% and are composed of at least 65% Negroamaro and up to 35% of the assorted blend of Malvasia, Sangiovese and Montepulciano. White wines must have a minimum alcohol level of at least 11% and be composed by at least 65% Malvasia bianca with Trebbiano and Bombino bianco allowed to make up the remaining 35%.

## Twinning

* Sfakiotes, Greece
* Guillena, Spain
# Electrentomidae

Electrentomidae is an extinct family of barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice in the order Psocodea. There are about six genera and seven described species in Electrentomidae. The family was synonymsed with the extant family Manicapsocidae in 2003 without discussion, with a prior proposal in 1972, but Azar et al., 2017, stated that "we consider herein [Electrentomidae and Manicapsocidae] apart, because a cladistic phylogenetic analysis is needed prior to taking such important decision for these groups."

## Genera

These six genera belong to the family Electrentomidae:
* † Electrentomum Enderlein, 1911 Baltic amber, Eocene
* † Eomanicapsocus Nel, Prokop, De Ploeg & Millet, 2005 Oise amber, France, Ypresian
* † Eoprotroctopsocus Nel, Prokop, De Ploeg & Millet, 2005 Oise amber, France, Ypresian
* † Manicapsocidus Baz & Ortuño, 2001 Álava amber, Escucha Formation, Spain, Albian
* † Paramesopsocus Azar, Hajar, Indary & Nel, 2009 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian, Lebanese amber, Barremian
* † Parelectrentomum Roesler, 1940 Baltic amber, Eocene
# Cornelius Yate

Cornelius Yate (some sources Yeate) (6 March 1651 – 12 April 1720) was an Anglican priest: the Archdeacon of Wilts from 9 April 1696 until his death.
Yate was born in Evesham and educated at St Mary Hall, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1671; and M.A. in 1674. He served curacies at Charney Bassett and Denchworth. In 1677 he became Vicar of Marlborough and in 1690 Prebendary of Bishopstone at Salisbury Cathedral.
# Electoral district of Carlton South

Carlton South was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria situated in the inner-Melbourne suburb of Carlton from 1889 to 1904.

## Members for Carlton South

| Member | Term |
| William Howard Leonard | April 1889 – April 1892 |
| William Ievers | May 1892 – February 1895 |
| John Barrett | May 1895$^#$ – September 1897 |
| James Moloney | October 1897 – October 1900 |
| David Valentine Hennessy | November 1900 – May 1904 |
$^#$ =by-election