OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phorum

Phorum is an open-source message board system written in PHP.

## History

In April 1998, Brian Moon developed the initial scripts that would meet the basic forum needs of Dealmac, a small part time web based enterprise Moon was working on in his spare time with a number of others. With 30 days of testing, the code was prepared enough to put into production. It was named WebThreads, though this name was later found to collide with another, similar product. The name Phorum came from combining "PHP" and "forum". It was released under the GPL, though it would later be changed to the Phorum license, a BSD style license.
As Dealmac grew, the demands for the software grew. Moon had already begun writing Phorum 2.0. However, upon a review of the code, 2.0 was clearly not able to scale to Dealmac's needs. Dealmac hiring Moon to create what would become Phorum 3.0. The site owners were very open to open source. Initially, Phorum 3 was developed primarily by Moon with some help from Jason Birch of Bar-None Drinks. Moon announced the release of Phorum 3.0 on 28 July 1999 using version 3 of PHP and supporting both a MySQL and PostgresSQL backend databases.
In 2000, Dan Langille joined the Phorum team and has concentrated on maintaining the PostgreSQL code.
In 2001, Thomas Seifert of MySnip.de came on board, contributing an internal user system in Phorum. Previously, Phorum had relied on external user systems for user management.
Version 4 was never realized due to several problems with the direction of the code. Moon and Seifert instead started version 5, which was focused on speed and extensibility. This release made the product comparable to other offerings.
In September 2005, Maurice Makaay of Gitaar.net joined the Phorum team, contributing an easier to use message posting system and code for improving the Phorum module system. The Phorum module system provides a very flexible solution for implementing extra features and a lot of new features have been implemented as easy to install and use modules. The first production release of Phorum 5, version 5.0.9, was made in September 2004.

### Latest release

Phorum 5.2 was announced as stable in January 2008 after two years of development. As of June 2019 it is the latest minor release. Key enhancements introduced with 5.2 included a new template which is totally based on XHTML and the addition of a publicly documented API for allowing other applications to integrate with Phorum.

## Adoption

Phorum at one point in the 2000s was used to provide such websites MySQL forums. Sheffield Hallam university School of Mathematics attempted to use a web-based discussion forum for student communication but utilization proved poor in practice and e-mail based lists were found to be more productive.
# Luca Novac

Luca Novac (15 September 1941 – 15 February 2021) was a Romanian musician.

## Biography

Novac was born into a family of musicians in the village of Var in Severin County in the Kingdom of Romania. He played multiple instruments, such as the clarinet, bagpipe, saxophone, and ocarina, but his favorite was the tárogató. He joined the Orchestrei Populare de Stat ”Lazăr Cernescu”, which was located in Caransebeș, in 1964. There, he made his first recordings on radio and television.
After his time in Caransebeș, he moved to Timișoara to join the Ansamblul Profesionist „Banatul” . From there, he would perform Romanian music abroad in China, South Korea, Mongolia, and the Soviet Union. He also performed with the band Radu Simion and recorded songs such as Doina oilor, Doiul lui Luca Novac, Doiul gugulanilor, and Hora de la Oravița.
Luca Novac died in Timișoara on 15 February 2021 at the age of 79.

## Discography
### Mini-Discs

* Luca Novac și Petrică Vasile (1966, 1967)

### Albums

* Trésors folkloriques roumains: un virtuose du taragote (1977)
* În memoria lui Luță Ioviță (1983)
* Luca Novac și Carmen Luca - Vai de cel care iubește (1994)

### Audio Cassettes

* Luca Novac și Carmen Luca - Vai de cel care iubește (1994)
* Luca și Gheza Novac - Doine și jocuri bănățene (1990s)

### CDs

* Trésors folkloriques roumains: un virtuose du taragote (1997)
* Luca Novac și Carmen Luca

## Distinctions

* Knight of the National Order of Merit (2004)
# Learning log

Learning Logs are a personalized learning resource for children. In the learning logs, the children record their responses to learning challenges set by their teachers. Each log is a unique record of the child's thinking and learning. The logs are usually a visually oriented development of earlier established models of learning journals, which can become an integral part of the teaching and learning program and have had a major impact on their drive to develop a more independent learner.

## Model Support

The importance of learners becoming aware of their own thought processes and gaining insights into the strategies they use to resolve problems, or overcome difficulties. There is also critical need for students to become actively involved in the process of learning.
Research findings indicating that journals of this type are likely to increase metacognition through students becoming more aware of their own thought processes. Research using a "thinking book" which investigated the development of reflective thinking skills in children.
This model of learning logs differs significantly from these earlier models by introducing a greater opportunity for the children to introduce colourful graphic and physical representations to illustrate their thinking and learning, rather than simply relying on the written word. Much of the development of learning logs built on practical classroom applications of mapping and visual tools. This has generated a motivation to engage in the process of reflective learning in students who have had more difficulty in expressing themselves through the conventional written form. The use of the learning logs has extended now to schools in Australia, Canada and Thailand in addition to their extensive use in schools throughout the UK. An outline of some of the practical applications of the learning logs along with a number of illustrations of the innovative thinking which has emerged as a product of this visual learning tool.

## Use and Scope

The process of using learning logs involves developing thinking and learning skills, which are enhanced by a peer partnership system. In this peer system, the children are encouraged to discuss and share their thoughts, as well as to develop their learning logs in a collaborative way. Learning Logs also give the opportunity for the students to provide feedback to their teachers in order to help extend and elaborate their understanding.
The learning log allows teachers to quickly and easily share weekly teaching objectives with the children. Once set up the children then take the lead role in sharing and developing their knowledge and understanding and displaying this in a range of styles. The learning log is not an in depth assessment tool but more of a snapshot of what the students have or have not understood in their lesson material.
The learning log can be used at any key stage and for a range of learning activities. It addresses the current creative agenda and has had considerable success with students of a more challenging nature.
# Lebedodes bassa

Lebedodes bassa is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Nigeria and Togo.
# Lebedodes fraterna

Lebedodes fraterna is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Cameroon.
# Edwin Silverman

Edwin Silverman (1898 – February 12, 1970) was an American businessman who co-founded the Essaness Theatres chain and founded WSNS-TV.

## Biography

Silverman was born to a Jewish family in Chicago. He worked as a poster clerk at the First National Pictures Corp. where he eventually became general sales manager of Warner Bros. after it took control of First National Pictures.
In 1929, he co-founded the Essaness Theatres Corporation in Chicago with Sidney M. Spiegel Jr., grandson of Joseph Spiegel, founder of the Spiegel catalog. The name is a play on the founder's last names Silverman & Spiegel with S&S becoming ESS-AN-ESS. The company eventually owned 33 theaters in the Chicago area. He was also the founder of WSNS-TV channel 44 in Chicago (SNS mirrors the pronunciation of "Essaness"). He retired to Palm Springs where he was a supporter of the Desert Hospital.
By 1984, the chain operated 86 movie screens in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin.

## Personal life

He had one daughter, Susan, and two sons, Jack and Alan, both executives of Essaness. He was buried at the Rosehill Cemetery in Chicago.
# Edwin Shirley

Edwin Shirley (16 October 1948 – 16 April 2013), was a rock and roll tour organiser, film studio manager, and impresario. He co-founded Edwin Shirley Trucking (later abbreviated to EST) in 1974, which became one of the largest music transport companies in Europe. He went on to convert old bonded warehouses in the east end of London into the successful film and television recording studio, Three Mills Island Studios. In his later life he returned to the transport business, particularly for theatre companies and other parts of the entertainment industry.

## Early life

Edwin Antoine Shirley was born in Cranbrook, Kent on 16 October 1948 to Herbert Shirley and Marie Gates. He was educated at Cranbrook School, and then St Catharine's College, Cambridge, where he took a BA in Modern Languages (specialising in French and German). He was involved in numerous undergraduate stage productions as an actor and director. He also acted in a number of plays with the National Youth Theatre.

## Edwin Shirley Trucking

Shirley's language skills and knowledge of theatre lighting and sound led him into jobs on tour with the Rolling Stones and other prominent bands of the 1970s. After working on numerous Rock and Roll tours, he established Edwin Shirley Trucking with Roy Lamb. The company was run from his family farm in Kent, and later expanded into premises in East London.
Edwin Shirley Trucking became indelibly associated with live music tours. In an obituary on Planet Rock Radio, Bernard Doherty referred to the apocryphal notion that "You haven't really made it until Edwin Shirley is moving your gear around". Brian May of Queen, noted Shirley's importance to their touring operation: "Edwin was at the head of Queen's vehicle convoy for so many years I can't begin to remember how many... He was a great pal of Gerry Stickells, our illustrious Tour Manager and the two of them wrote the book on how to party on tour."

### Edwin Shirley Staging

Having built a successful trucking company, Shirley started a new company Edwin Shirley Staging which built stages for a number of large concerts including Live Aid in 1985. Shirley left both companies in the 1990s.

## Three Mills Island Studios

While looking for rehearsal space in East London, Shirley viewed Three Mills Island, and realised the potential to develop a film studio there. After meeting with Peter Bazalgette, Shirley secured the site as the location for the first Big Brother reality TV programme, which went on to become a major domestic television series. The studio proved a success, but a dispute with the landlord led to the site being taken over by another company. As of 2013, the studio is still operating.

## Death

Having suffered from bowel cancer since 2009, Shirley had undergone effective surgery and carried on working for four years. On 14 April 2013 Shirley was hospitalised due to a massive bleed, and after two days in Homerton Hospital, Hackney, died on 16 April 2013.
# Edward Klinik

Edward Klinik (21 July 1919 – 24 August 1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic anti-Nazi resistance fighter. One of the Poznań Five (Poznańska Piątka), he was guillotined in a prison in Dresden for his resistance work. He is one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II who were beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1999.
# Legislative Council of Burma

The Legislative Council of Burma was the legislative body of British Burma from 1897 to 1936.

## Establishment

It was established in 1897 as an advisory council to the British colonial governor, the Lieutenant-Governor of Burma, in drafting legislation for Burma. The Legislative Council was initially an appointed body, established as a nine-member council consisting of four officials and five nominated non-officials. Its membership, which increased from nine to thirty members, predominantly represented foreign commercial interests. Prior to its establishment, Burmese laws were made in India, whereby laws drafted by the local administration in Burma were submitted to the Legislative Council of India for approval. After the passage of such laws, they were consented to by the Governor-General-in-Council and put into effect through publication within the Burma Gazette.

## Restructuring

On 2 January 1923, with the enactment of the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms (which granted British India dyarchy constitution, giving Burma a limited measure of self-rule), the Council was recast as a partially elected body. The new Legislative Council consisted of 103 seats, 80 filled by election, 8 by nomination of non-officials, 13 by nomination of officials, and 2 by members of the Governor's Executive Council ex-officio. The 80 elected seats were divided as follows: 22 to urban constituencies in 8 towns, with 8 of them to the Burmese Indian community; 49 to rural constituencies in 31 districts, with 5 to the Karen; and the remaining given to special constituencies like Rangoon University and various chambers of commerce.
Elections were held in 1922, 1925 and 1928. Burmese nationalists, organized by the General Council of Burmese Associations, boycotted elections to the Legislative Council, and under 7% of the electorate voted in the 1922 elections. Turnout continued to be low: just over 16% in 1925, and 18% in 1928.

## Presidents of Legislative Council

| Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| Sir Frank McCarthy | February 1923 | 1925 | Died in office |
| Sir Robert Sydney Giles | 1925 | 1927 | |
| Sir Oscar de Glanville | 1927 | 1930 | |
| U Pu 'Tharrawaddy' | 1930 | 1932 | |
| Chit Hlaing | 1932 | 1932 | |
| Sir Oscar de Glanville | 1932 | 1935 | |
| Chit Hlaing | 1935 | 1936 | |
# Lee Feigon

Lee Feigon is an American historian who specialized in the study of 20th-century Chinese history.
In 2002 he published Mao: A Reinterpretation, a work of historical revisionism that sought to highlight what Feigon saw as the positive aspects of Mao Zedong's political leadership. He subsequently used that book as a basis for a documentary, The Passion of the Mao.
He has written for such U.S. publications as The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, The Nation, The Chicago Tribune, The Atlantic, and The Boston Globe.
| Title | Year | Publisher | ISBN |
| China Rising: The Meaning of Tiananmen | 1990 | Ivan R. Dee | 978-0929587301 |
| Chen Duxiu: Founder of the Chinese Communist Party | 1992 | Princeton University Press | 978-0691053936 |
| Demystifying Tibet: Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows | 1995 | Ivan R. Dee | 978-1566630894 |
| Mao: A Reinterpretation | 2002 | Ivan R. Dee | 978-1566635226 |
# Edward Marvin

Edward William Marvin (7 July 1878 – 24 March 1918) was an English-born South African first-class cricketer and South African Army soldier.
Marvin was born at Leicester in July 1878. He later emigrated to Transvaal Colony, where he played two first-class cricket matches for Gauteng in the 1908–09 Currie Cup against Border and Western Province. He scored 47 runs in these matches, with a highest score of 29. Marvin served in the First World War as a private in the South African Infantry, which formed part of the South African Overseas Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. On 21 March 1918, the Germans launched a new offensive, Operation Michael, during which Marvin was killed in action at Maricourt Wood on 24 March.
# Edward Mashinya

Edward Mashinya or Masinwa (born February 22, 1984, in Harare, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean football player who plays for MEAP Nisou in the Cypriot Third Division as a striker.
# Edward J. Drea

Edward John Drea (born 24 February 1944) is an American military historian. He deals especially with the Imperial Japanese Army and the Pacific War.

## Early life and education

Edward John Drea was born in Buffalo, New York, on 24 February 1944. He attended local grammar and high schools, and then entered Canisius College in Buffalo.

## Career

On graduation, in 1965, he joined the United States Air Force. He was sent for officer training at the Air Force Officer Training School at the Medina Training Annex at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, and then to Lowry Air Force Base in Denver, Colorado, where he was trained as an intelligence officer. He was posted to the headquarters of the Fifth Air Force at Fuchū in Japan, arriving on 20 January 1968, where he monitored communications from communist countries. The Pueblo Incident four days after he arrived resulted in a heavy workload.
Drea served a combat tour in Vietnam. In 1971, he entered the Sophia University in Tokyo on the G.I. Bill, earning a Master of Arts (M.A.) degree. Classes were taught in English and Japanese, and he became fluent in Japanese. He was awarded a Japanese ministry of education dissertation fellowship, which allowed him to gain a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in modern Japanese history from the University of Kansas in 1978, writing his thesis on "The Japanese General Election of 1942: a Study of Political Institutions in Wartime". He joined the Combat Studies Institute of the Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in 1975, and became the head of the Research and Analysis Department at the US Army Center for Military History in Washington, D.C. He also taught at United States Army War College.

## Awards

In 2003, he received the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize for lifetime achievement from the Society for Military History.
# Lehi City Hall

The Lehi City Hall at 51 N. Center St. in Lehi, Utah, known also as Old Lehi City Hall, was built during 1918–1926. It was designed by architects Walter E. Ware and Alberto O. Treganza of Salt Lake City and is of Mission/Spanish Revival style.
It was built as a memorial building honoring World War I veterans; it was planned to serve as city hall, as a museum, and also as a library; it cost approximately $55,000 to build. It is believed to be the only large building designed by Ware and Treganza that uses the Mission/Spanish Revival style.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## World War II

During World War II the upstairs of the memorial building was used as a look out for incoming planes near Geneva Steel. Because of the great amounts of steel the plant produced for the war, many feared that the Japanese would target the plant and the cities around it. The memorial had a direct view of the plant and was one of the tallest buildings in the area at the time.

## Museum

In 1995 the Hutchings Museum moved into the building occupying the Veterans Memorial. The Memorial now resides in the main hall of the Museum featuring artifacts from World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Desert Storm. The Hall also includes a list of the men and women from Lehi Utah who served in the wars.
# Edward Obewa

Edward Obewa (born 15 May 1962) is a Ugandan boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics. At the 1988 Summer Olympics, he lost to Vedat Tutuk of Turkey.
# Lei Diansheng

Lei Diansheng (Chinese: 雷殿生) is a Chinese explorer who hiked a total distance of 81,000 km over ten years, covering all of China's provinces.

## Biography

Lei was born in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Both of his parents died when he was a child.
Inspired by the 17th-century travel writer Xu Xiake, Lei embarked on a decade-long hike throughout China, starting in October 1998 in Harbin and ending in October 2008 in Lop Nur, Xinjiang Province. He became the first person to traverse Lop Nur on foot alone. In the last year of his journey, Lei carried the Olympic flame ahead of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Lei recorded his exploits in a book titled 十年徒步中国 (Ten Years of Hiking Across China).
# Lei Chiefdom

Lei Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Kono District of Sierra Leone. Its capital is Siama.
# Leistner

Leistner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Achim Leistner, Australian master optician of the Avogadro project
* Claudia Leistner (born 1965), German female figure skater
* Hugo Leistner (1902–2002), American hurdler
* Toni Leistner (born 1990), German footballer
# Left Bank Outfall Drain

Left Bank Outfall Drain is a drainage canal in Pakistan. Built between 1987 and 1997 using funding from the World Bank, the canal collects saline water, industrial effluents and Indus river basin floodwater from more than two million hectares of land of Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Mirpurkhas and Badin districts located in Nara River basin into the Arabian Sea.
The canal overflowed in 2003 and 2011, causing widespread flooding it was meant to prevent.

## Project details
### Purpose

LBOD is located in the catchment area of the Old Nara River which is a left bank delta channel of Indus River. Old Nara River streams are used to collect the saline water generated from irrigated lands and the industrial effluents. In the middle reach (i.e. Nara canal) of this river, saline and polluted water flowing into the river are diluted by feeding main Indus River water from Sukkur barrage and supplied by gravity canals for irrigation and industrial needs. The saline water generated from the irrigated lands and the industrial effluents are collected by the LBOD canal network from the lower reaches of the Old Nara River or Puran River to discharge by gravity flow to the sea. Also bore wells are used to pump saline water into the LBOD or the Old Nara River streams to depress the saline ground water level at safe depth or prevent waterlogging. As most of the cultivated lands are located on the left side of the Indus River, LBOD would be the predominant means of discharging the river salt load to the sea once the Indus River waters are fully put to use without letting the Indus River water overflow to the sea from the Kotri barrage which is the last barrage across the river. Effective usage of LBOD is crucial to preserve/enhance the soil fertility in lower reaches of Indus basin area or Sind province or Indus River Delta for discharging adequate salt load to the sea.

### Location

It starts from Ghotki district, which is located on the Sindh-Punjab border, and flows through the districts on the left bank of River Indus before ending in the Sir Creek of Arabian Sea on Badin's coast.

### Capacity

Its designed capacity is 4,500 cusecs The canal's effluent disseminates into Dhoro Puran Outfall Drain (DPOD) with capacity of 2000 cusec and Kadhan Pateji Outfall Drain (KPOD) having capacity of 2500 cusec. The DPOD empties into Shakoor Lake located both in Pakistan and India whereas effluent of KPDO is directly discharged into sea through 41 km long Tidal Link Canal. Drainage capacity of canal has been increased to 9000 cusecs after 2011 floods by de-silting of bed of drain, raising banks up to two feet, repairing damaged hydraulic structures and by clearing vegetative growth.

## Concerns
### Environmental Impact

The creation of the canal has been said to have a negative impact on wetlands in the area, especially in India's Great Rann of Kutch area, and by releasing LBOD's salt water into the purposefully built Chotiari Reservoir in Sindh in Pakistan.