OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Moses Haughton the Elder

Moses Haughton, sometimes spelt Horton (c. 1734 – 24 December 1804) was a British designer, engraver and painter of portraits and still lifes.

## Life and work

Haughton was born in Wednesbury, Staffordshire, and baptised on 27 March 1735. He trained as an enamel painter and was employed at the workshop of Hyla Holden in Wednesbury, before moving to Birmingham to work for John Baskerville and Henry Clay in 1761, where he worked on enamelled, japanned and papier-mâché products. He was married to Elizabeth Haughton (1741 – 13 January 1816).
In 1809, together with Samuel Lines, he established a Life Academy in Peck Lane, a street leading out of New Street, close to what was the Free Grammar School (on a site now occupied by New Street station). This life school was so successful that in 1814 it was moved to a larger space in Union Passage. In this year it held its first public exhibition. In 1821 the (Royal) Birmingham Society of Artists grew from this venture.
Haughton was noted for his portraits, such as that of Lady Louisa Tollemache, Countess of Dysart, and still-life paintings of dead game, exhibiting at the Royal Academy between 1788 and 1804. He also illustrated a notable edition of the Bible in the late eighteenth century.
Haughton was said to be of a "quiet and retiring disposition" and was not much known outside Birmingham during his lifetime. He lived for many years at Ashted, outside the city. He died there on 24 December 1804 and was buried in Wednesbury; a marble monument with his portrait, sculpted by Peter Rouw was erected in his memory at St Philip's Church, Birmingham.
His son, Matthew Haughton, was an artist and engraver, and his nephew, Moses Haughton the Younger (1773–1849), a painter and engraver.
# Kandrian Inland Rural LLG

Kandrian Inland Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Wards

* 01. Akivru
* 02. Gogor
* 03. Loko Bush
* 04. Mulus
* 05. Miu
* 06. Avet
* 07. Awon
* 08. Amumsong
* 09. Palan
* 10. Asengseng
* 11. Ngolu
# Empleurum unicapsulare

Empleurum unicapsulare or false buchu is a South African shrub of the family Rutaceae and occurs from the southwestern districts of the Cape Province to the Uitenhage area.
Buchu in commerce is generally accepted as the dried leaves of Agathosma betulina (Thunberg) Bartling et Wendland, or of Agathosma crenulata (Linne) Hooker, or of Agathosma serratifolia (Curtis) Willdenow. These dried leaves are often adulterated with leaves of False Buchu, which has a more acrid taste. Buchu is a flavourant used in brandy and tea.
# Crimean Bridge explosion

Crimean Bridge explosion can refer to:
* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
# Kathalivanesvarar Temple, Thirukkalambur

Kathalivanesvarar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located at Thirukkalambur of Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Location

This temple is located at a distance of 55 km from in Pudukkottai-Ponnamaravathi road.

## Name of the place

This place is known as Thirukkalambur and Thirukkulambur. Once when a Pandya king came through this place on horse, on a particular place blood came out from the land. The place was dug and a Linga was found. On seeing it, the king constructed a temple on that particular spot. So, this place is known as Thirukkulambur. In the prakara of the temple 'kathali' type of banana trees are found in large numbers. Nobody would eat them. They are meant for doing abisega to the deity. Though this banana is taken and planted in any other place it would not grow up. As 'Kathali' refers to banana, and many number of such banana trees are found the deity is known as Kathalivanesvarar.

## Presiding deity

The presiding deity is known as Kathalivanesvarar and the goddess is known as Kamatchi Amman. On the Linga the imprints of foot of the horse are found. As the deity wipe out all the diseases of the devotees, he is also known as Vaitheesvarar and the goddess as Vaitheesvari.

## Sundaresvarar shrine

Pandya kings used to construct a separate shrine for Sundaresvarar or Chokkanathar, Shiva, and Meenakshi. In the prakara there is a shrine for them.

## Festivals

During the Tamil New Year day, taking of milk pot by devotees, is conducted. Aadi Perukku is also held in this temple. Other festivals such as Vaikasi visakam for 10 days, Chithirai festival, Navaratri and Thaipusam are also held here.

## Worshipping time

Pujas are held six times daily at Thiruvananthal (6.00 a.m.), Siru Kalasanthi (7.00 a.m.), Kalasanthi (9.00 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (6.00 p.m.) and Arthajamam (8.00 p.m.). The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 to 12.00 noon and 4.30 to 8.30 p.m.
# Kathalin Czifra

Kathalin Czifra (born 29 December 1972) is a Hungarian biathlete. She competed in three events at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
# CrowdsUnite

CrowdsUnite is a website intended to serve as a review site for online funding platforms. It provides user reviews of crowdfunding sites which can be helpful for business owners who find it difficult to select from the many options. The site was created to adapt to the growing popularity of crowdfunding, which has captured the attention of cable TV producers and prominent figures. CEO Alex Feldman stated that he is "trying to become a Yelp for the crowdfunding industry, a resource that anybody can use."

## History

CrowdsUnite was launched in 2012 after the U.S. JOBS Act was passed. The founder, Alex Feldman, is a graduate of New York University (NYU) with an MBA in Finance, Entrepreneurship and a BS in computer science and mathematics.

## Crowdfunding

CrowdsUnite has reviewed a comprehensive list of platforms, including Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and RocketHub. It has been called an "Amazon for crowdfunding platforms". CrowdsUnite recently released an infographic, showing the top ten crowdfunding platforms based on its reviews. Some of the reviewed crowd funding sites had only 10 reviews while others had more, which may have affected the data.

## Business model

Feldman claims that CrowdsUnite exists to offer transparency to the platforms. He also stated that the website itself is designed to be simple, direct, and clean so that anyone can use it.
There is a listing of crowdfunding consultants and companies including accountants, attorneys, videographers, marketers, and fulfillment centers.

## Reception

Created in the wake of the financial crisis, CrowdsUnite has enjoyed a positive response and interest from industry leaders and support from New York's Soho Loft, an organization that host events pertaining to business and finance.
# Creil, Netherlands

Creil is one of the ten so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 6 km northwest of Emmeloord.

## Name

The name Creil comes from the name of a former village that was once on the coast of the Zuiderzee, which was in turn named after the Creil Woods that was once located northeast of North-Holland, in what is now the IJsselmeer, roughly between Texel and Enkhuizen.

## History

Modern Creil was designed by the Board of the Wieringermeer, one of whose jobs was to design and oversee the construction of the settlements in the newly created polders, construction of the town started in 1953.

## Facilities

In 2004, a building formerly belonging to the Catholic church in the centre of Creil was restructured into a service centre called The Saalicon. It houses a pharmacy, clinic, hair salon, centre for the elderly and several art exhibitions of local artists.
Creil is home to three elementary schools, the Catholic Jan Roothaan-school, the public elementary school De Springplank and the Christian elementary school De Regenboog. These schools share the same building and share many public facilities such as the schoolyard and the gymnastics hall.
The land surrounding Creil is home to large amounts of bulb cultivation, and every spring the village organises the Bloembollen Vakdagen Flevoland, a competition between local bulb flower growers.
Creil is home to a football club, SC Creil, and houses a Protestant church.

## Transportation

Creil has a bus connection, Line 77, which connects Creil with other villages in the Noordoostpolder.
* Line 77: Lemmer - Rutten - Creil - Espel - Emmeloord vv.
The line makes three stops on three bus stations in Creil, namely the Klutenpad, Creil and Wrakkenpad stations. Despite being close in proximity, there is no direct bus line to Bant.
Creil is connected by road via the provincial roads N712, which runs through the town, and N715. These provincial roads form the main road connection with other towns in the area and subsequently with the larger motorway and highway network. The N712 runs through Creil from the southwest to the northeast, connecting to Espel in the southwest and to Rutten in the northeast. The N715 branches off just to the northeast of Creil and connects Bant to the east.
Creil has no rail connection; the nearest train stations are in Kampen, Meppel, Zwolle, Dronten and Lelystad.

## Gallery

* Creil as seen from a distance over crop fields.
* Eastern entrance of Creil, during the 50 year anniversary of the town in 2003.
* Creil during wintertime in 2005.
* The Protestant, and nowadays only, church in Creil.
* The village centre, housing stores, the post office, medical centre, church, fuel station, a FIAT dealer and the bus station.
* The Saalicon, as seen from the village centre.
# Eneopterinae

The Eneopterinae are a subfamily of crickets, in the family Gryllidae, based on the type genus Eneoptera. It is one of several groups widely described as "true crickets", but this subfamily may also referred to in American English as "bush crickets". Of the more than 500 species that make up this subfamily, most occur in moist, tropical habitats. These insects are medium to large and brown or gray in color. They eat plant leaves, flowers, and fruits and can occasionally cause economic damage. Their eggs are deposited in pith, bark, or wood. Eneopterinae show a great diversity in stridulatory apparatus, signals emitted, and associated behaviour.

## Tribes and Genera

Eneopterinae currently consists of six tribes and the Orthoptera Species File lists:

### Eneopterini

Auth. Saussure, 1874 (South America)
* Eneoptera Burmeister, 1838

### Eurepini

Auth. Otte & Alexander, 1983 (Indo-China - Australia)
* genus group Eurepa Otte & Alexander, 1983
** Eurepa Walker, 1869
** Myara Otte & Alexander, 1983
* genus group Eurepella Otte & Alexander, 1983
** Arilpa Otte & Alexander, 1983
** Eurepella Otte & Alexander, 1983
** Salmanites Chopard, 1951 (synonym Napieria Baehr, 1989)

### Hemigryllini

Auth. Gorochov, 1986 (South America)
* Hemigryllus Saussure, 1877

### Lebinthini

Auth. Robillard, 2004 (SE Asia, Australia, Pacific, S. America)
* Agnotecous Saussure, 1878
* Cardiodactylus Saussure, 1878
* Centuriarus Robillard, 2011
* Gnominthus Robillard & Vicente, 2015
* Julverninthus Robillard & Su, 2018
* Lebinthus Stål, 1877
* Ligypterus Saussure, 1878
* Macrobinthus Robillard & Dong, 2016
* Microbinthus Robillard & Dong, 2016
* Pixibinthus Robillard & Anso, 2016
* Ponca (insect) Hebard, 1928
* Swezwilderia Chopard, 1929

### Nisitrini

Auth. Robillard, 2004 (Malesia, PNG)
* Nisitrus Saussure, 1878
* Paranisitra Chopard, 1925

### Xenogryllini

Auth. Robillard, 2004 (Central-southern Africa, Asia)
* Pseudolebinthus Robillard, 2006
* Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890

### incertae sedis

* Adenophallusia – monotypic – A. naiguatana de Mello & de Camargo e Mello, 1996
* †Brontogryllus – monotypic – B. excelsus Martins-Neto, 1991
* Jabulania – monotypic – J. clancularia Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009
* †Proecanthus – monotypic – P. anatolicus Sharov, 1968
# Emmerson (musician)

Emmerson Amidu Bockarie (born December 23, 1980), better known as Emmerson, is a Sierra Leonean Afropop singer and songwriter. His songs advocate social change, and he has gained recognition in his native Sierra Leone for his political themes that center on the corruption in the government. Emmerson sings in Krio and English.

## Life and career

Bockarie was born in Kenema, Sierra Leone. He dropped out of a computer engineering program at Njala University to pursue a career in music. His first musical release was a mixtape called Bodyguard Compilation, Volume One (2002), which contained the single "Yu Go See Am". Velma "Vee" Richards provided vocals for his debut studio album, Borbor Bele, which was released in October 2004. The album's main topics of discussion were kleptocratic institutions and the ideologies and cultures that support them. The title track "Borbor Bele", which translates to "Potbellied Boy", is one of Emmerson's anti-corruption protest songs that expressed the anger and disenchantment Sierra Leoneans felt toward their rulers and leaders. "Borbor Bele" spoke about many of the reasons as to why the incumbent Sierra Leone People's Party should lose to the All People's Congress in the 2007 Sierra Leonean general election.
Emmerson's later albums include 2 Fut Arata (2007), Yesterday Betteh Pass Tiday (2010), Rise (2012), Kokobeh (2013), Home and Away (2014), and Survivor (2016). In May 2017, he released the single "Love Me". Among his previous singles are "Telescope" (2015) and "Tutu Party".

## Discography

Studio albums
* Borbor Bele (2004)
* 2 Fut Arata (2007)
* Yesterday Betteh Pass Tiday (2010)
* Rise (2012)
* Kokobeh (2013)
* Home and Away (2014)
* Survivor (2016)
# Carlo del Monte

Heleni Barjau i Vallmitjana (Barcelona, 1921 - Mexico City, 2000), was a Catalan tenor noted for his recordings of La Traviata and Il trittico with Victoria de los Ángeles. Though born in Spain, he fled to Mexico with his family in 1939. He is professionally known as Carlo del Monte.
# Crossroads Fund

The Crossroads Fund is a Chicago-based public foundation that supports community organizations working for social and economic justice in the Chicago area. It is a member of a national network of grantmakers called the Funding Exchange [www.fex.org], all of whom share the motto, "change, not charity." This motto speaks to a shared commitment by Funding Exchange members to support grassroots organizations in their efforts towards system change. Crossroads Fund sees direct service as important, but recognizes that it has a critical role to play in supporting groups working to change the world we live in. . Crossroads Fund has four standing grantmaking programs, including: the Seed Fund, which targets new, emerging, and risk-taking groups working for social change across issues; the Technical Assistance Fund, which support technical and training needs of eligible grantees; the Emergency Fund offers assistance to groups faced by sudden and unexpected problems; and the donor-advised fund provides a way for donors with a specific interest in an issue to pool their resources for concentrated impact.
The Crossroads Fund is a left-liberal-progressive organization that gives money to many different kinds of projects in Chicago. Advocacy, arts and activism, radical education, and public health are some of the areas. Many of its grantees have been groups working with the poor or with ethnic and sexual minorities. It has been a frequent supporter of immigrant-rights groups in Chicago and also of LGBT groups. For example, in 2007, it co-sponsored the Tubeho Project Exhibit on the Survivors of the Rwandan genocide at Northwestern University . But Crossroads has also supported other kinds of projects, for example ones aiding senior citizens at Jane Addams Hull House. In international affairs, the group has sponsored Chicago Palestine Film Festival and Committee for a Just Peace in Israel & Palestine.
# Enamidase

In enzymology, an enamidase (EC 3.5.2.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate + 2 H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ 2-formylglutarate + NH$_3$
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate and H$_2$O, whereas its two products are 2-formylglutarate and NH$_3$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinate amidohydrolase.
# Cremastobombycia ignota

Cremastobombycia ignota is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Illinois, Texas, Kentucky, Maine, New York, Massachusetts, Washington and Ohio in the United States.
The wingspan is 6.5-7.5 mm.
The larvae feed on Elephantopus species (including Elephantopus carolinianus), Helianthus species (including Helianthus annuus and Helianthus giganteus), Ridania alternifolia, Verbesina species (including Verbesina alternifolia and Verbesina virginica). They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Empire, Minnesota

Empire is a city in Dakota County, Minnesota. The population was 3,177 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.

## History

Empire Township was organized in 1858, and named after New York, the Empire State.
The township voted to incorporate as the city of Empire on February 14, 2023, and that took effect on February 28 after elections of local officials. The city does not anticipate changes but wished to establish its borders to prevent the nearby, rapidly growing cities of Lakeville, Rosemount and Farmington from annexing new developments.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 33.8 square miles (88 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,638 people, 515 households, and 431 families residing in the township. The population density was 48.5 inhabitants per square mile (18.7/km$^2$). There were 524 housing units at an average density of 15.5 per square mile (6.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 96.58% White, 0.18% African American, 0.31% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.61% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.92% of the population.
There were 515 households, out of which 49.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.2% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.3% were non-families. 11.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.17 and the average family size was 3.43.
In the township the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 6.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.1 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $68,500, and the median income for a family was $68,250. Males had a median income of $39,919 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,802. About 4.5% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
# Kauppi

Kauppi is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emil Kauppi (1865–1930), Finnish composer
* Kalle Kauppi (1892–1961), Finnish legal scholar and politician
* Waino Kauppi (1898-1932), musician
* Raili Kauppi (1920–1995), Finnish philosopher
* Ossi Kauppi (1929–2000), Finnish ice hockey player
* Kirsti Kauppi (born 1957), Finnish diplomat
* Lo Kauppi (born 1970), Swedish film and theater actress
* Piia-Noora Kauppi (born 1975), Finnish politician
* Minna Kauppi (born 1982), Finnish orienteer
* Kalle Kauppi (born 1992), Finnish footballer
* Mauno Kauppi (1927–1998), Hall of Fame Canadian-Finnish hockey player 1943-1954
# Karvia Church

Karvia Church is a wooden church in Karvia, Finland. It was built in 1789-1798 by Salomon Köhlström. The bell tower which is located in front of the church was completed 1806. The church has been extended and renovated several times in the course of the years.
The ‘street church’ hosts an altarpiece by Carl Gabriel Diederichs.
# Crematogaster ransonneti

Crematogaster ransonneti is a species of ant of the subfamily Myrmicinae. It can be found in Sri Lanka and India.
# Crematogaster scutellaris

Crematogaster scutellaris is a species of ant belonging to the family Formicidae, subfamily Myrmicinae.

## Description

Crematogaster scutellaris can reach a length of about 8 mm in the queen, while the workers rarely exceed 5 mm. These ants have reddish head and black thorax and abdomen. The shape of the abdomen is characteristic, as it gradually narrows toward the apex.
They raise menacingly their pointed abdomen when they are feeling attacked, emitting a small drop of pheromones from the rear end. The smell of the pheromone causes a general mobilization in the nest and any intruder is soon surrounded by a mass of aggressive ants.

## Biology and ecology

Crematogaster scutellaris establish independent monogynous colonies, but with the possibility of oligogyny (multiple queens are accepted by the workers in the colony, but the queens are aggressive among them). Winged males and queens can be found at the end of summer, but sometimes even until the end of October, if it is not very cold.
They usually build their colonies mainly in stumps and fallen logs or dead branches. The nest are made with a mixture of chewed wood and humus. Between March and October workers collect and carry mainly sugary liquid substances and solid materials (remains of arthropods, small insects, etc. ).
Spawning usually takes place during the summer. This species is very prolific. The larvae hatch primarily in September and overwinter in the second stage, from November to February at about 10 °C. The following spring the third instar larvae develop, pupating in the summer. By mid to late summer the worker appear, while sexed individuals appear in late August.
These ants are natural predators of Thaumetopoea pityocampa, a moth that is a devastating pest of Mediterranean pines (especially Pinus halepensis).
They also transport live aphids into oak-gall nests. Currently there is no evidence of immediate predation of these aphids inside the galls, so they are likely stored to overwinter due to a mutualistic relationship and/or serve as food storage.

## Distribution

This species has a typically Mediterranean distribution. It is present in Europe, in the Near East and in North Africa.
# Micro-loop heat pipe

A micro-loop heat pipe or MLHP is a miniature loop heat pipe in which the radius of curvature of the liquid meniscus in the evaporator is in the same order of magnitude of the micro grooves' dimensions; or a miniature loop heat pipe which has been fabricated using microfabrication techniques.