OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles Letourneau

Charles Jean Marie Letourneau (23 September 1831, Auray – 21 February 1902, 6th arrondissement of Paris) was a 19th-century French anthropologist.

## Biography

In 1865 he joined the Society of Anthropology of Paris of which he was general secretary from 1887 until his death. He thus succeeded Paul Broca who served in this position until 1880.
Friedrich Engels cites Letourneau's work, particularly L'évolution du mariage et de la famille (1888), in later editions of The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. Engels asserts that an early stage of human society featured "complete promiscuity in sexual intercourse", contrary to the beliefs of most anthropologists of the era. He quotes Letourneau: "Among mammals there is no strict relation between the degree of intellectual development and the form of sexual life".

## Publications

* 1868: La Physiologie des passions
* 1877: La biologie
* 1878: Physiologie des passions
* 1879: Science et matérialisme
* 1880: La sociologie d'après l'ethnographie
* 1882: Questions de sociologie et d'ethnographie
* 1887: L'Évolution de la morale, leçons professées pendant l'hiver de 1885-1886
* 1888: L'évolution du mariage et de la famille
* 1894: L'évolution littéraire dans les diverses races humaines
* 1895: La guerre dans les diverses races humaines
* 1897: L'évolution de l'esclavage dans les diverses races humaines
* 1898: L'évolution de l'éducation dans les diverses races humaines
* 1898: L'évolution religieuse dans les diverses races humaines
* 1901: La psychologie ethnique
* 1903: La condition de la femme dans les diverses races et civilisations
# List of medieval Latin commentators on Aristotle

This is a list of commentators on the works of Aristotle who wrote in Latin, from the Late Antique to the last years of the European Middle Ages. The names are given in their Latin forms.
Sources: Taken from Charles H. Lohr, Commentateurs d'Aristote au Moyen-Âge Latin (1988).
* Aegidius Romanus
* Albertus Magnus
* Albertus de Saxonia
* Andreas de Biliis: Commentaries on Metaphysics and On the Heavens book 4.
* Bartholomaeus de Brugis
* Blasius Pelacanus de Parma
* Boethius
* Boethius de Dacia
* Bonaventura
* Caietanus de Thienis
* Christophorus Landinus
* Franciscus de Mayronis de Digna
* Franciscus Rubeus de Marchia
* Georgius Trapezuntius
* Godefridus de Fontibus
* Gualterus de Burley
* Guillelmus de Conchis
* Guillelmus de Heytesbury
* Guillelmus de Ockham
* Guillelmus de Shirwode
* Heimericus de Campo
* Henricus de Gandavo
* Henricus Heinbuche de Langenstein
* Henricus Totting de Oyta
* Hermannus Alemannus
* Jacobus Capocci de Viterbio
* Jacobus Veneticus
* Johannes Argyropulus
* Johannes Buridanus
* Johannes Duns Scotus
* Johannes de Glogovia
* Johannes de Janduno
* Johannes Pecham
* Johannes Saresburiensis
* Johannes Versoris
* Johannes Wyclif
* Laurentius Vallensis
* Leonardus Bruni Aretinus
* Marsilius de Inghen
* Marsilius Mainardinus
* Michael Scotus
* Nicolaus Oresme: Livre de Politiques
* Nicolettus Vernias Theatinus
* Paulus Nicolettus Venetus
* Petrus Abaelardus
* Petrus de Abano
* Petrus de Alliaco
* Petrus de Alvernia
* Petrus Hispanus
* Petrus Martinez de Osma
* Radulphus Reginaldi Britonis
* Remigius de Florentia
* Richardus de Lavenham commentaries on the Physics and Ethics
* Robertus Grosseteste
* Robertus de Kilwardby
* Rogerus Bacon
* Sigerus de Brabantia
* Simon de Faversham
* Stephanus Tempier
* Theodoricus Brito
* Thomas de Aquino
* Thomas Bradwardinus
* Thomas de Erfordia
* Thomas de Sutton
# Diamond Point, New York

Diamond Point is a hamlet in Warren County, New York, United States. The community is located along the western shore of Lake George and New York State Route 9N, 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northeast of the village of Lake George. Diamond Point has a post office with ZIP code 12824, which opened on September 6, 1877.
# Purveyor of Public Supplies

The Purveyor of Public Supplies was the government official in charge of most government procurement in the early Republic including the procurement of all military and naval supplies except food. The office was established in 1795 and superseded by the Commissary General of Purchase in the War Department and the Secretary of the Navy respectively in 1812.

## History

In the small peace-time army that existed after the Revolutionary War, logistic responsibilities were vested in civilian office holders. The Quartermaster General became a civil official without military rank, whose sole function was transportation. In 1792, Congress made the Department of the Treasury in charge of acquisition of uniforms, military rations, weapons and ammunition. The War Department maintained its control over transportation of military supplies. The direct reason was St. Clair's defeat in 1791, and the criticism of Henry Knox and the War Department. Although Alexander Hamilton had since 1790 argued for centralizing procurement of military supplies under the Department of the Treasury.
Central procurement overloaded the Treasury Department, and in 1795, two subordinate supply agencies were created; the Purveyor of Public Supplies in the Treasury and the Superintendent of Military Stores in the War Department. The former purchased military and naval supplies, while the former collected, stored and distributed them. In 1798, the Office of the Purveyor of Public Supplies was transferred to the War Department. Provisions still fell under the Treasury Department. Both the War Secretary and the Secretary of the Navy would direct the Purveyor regarding purchase of military and naval supplies respectively. The audit of naval accounts was at the same time transferred from the Purveyor to the Accountant of the Navy, a civil official in the Navy Department.
The procurement of all military supplies except military rations fell to the Purveyor of Public Supplies who executed the orders of the Secretary of War and made contracts for clothing, shoes, camp utensils, military stores, equipage, medicines and hospital stores. From 1795 to 1801, the Purveyor was in charge of purchasing merchandise for the government fur trade factories and for disposing of the goods received from them. In 1801, these duties were taken over by the Acting Superintendent of Military Stores and Acting Agent for the Indian Factories.
With the reestablishment of the Army Quartermaster Department in 1812, the office of the Purveyor of Public Supplies was abolished and procurement of military supplies fell to the Commissary General of Purchase, which was a civil official in the War Department. The Secretary of the Navy became responsible for procurement of naval supplies until the creation of the Board of Navy Commissioners in 1815.

## Legacay

The United States Navy Supply Corps dates its origin to February 23, 1795, the date of the passing of the law creating the Office of Purveyor of Public Supplies.
# Kevin Nugent (ice hockey)

Kevin Nugent (born June 7, 1955) is an American former professional ice hockey player.

## Early life

Nugent was born in Little Falls, Minnesota, and raised in Edina. At the age of 14, he captained the first team in the state to win the USA national bantam championship in hockey. He attended Hill-Murray School, where captained its team in his junior and senior years. Nugent was a member of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's ice hockey team from 1974 to 1978. He played in 131 games, in which he was credited with 54 goals and 75 assists.

## Career

Nugent played for the Indianapolis Racers, in the World Hockey Association where, during the 1978–'79 season, he was the first linemate that Wayne Gretzky had in professional hockey.

## Personal life

As of 2008, Nugent resides in Connecticut with his wife and four children, of whom Kevin, Jr. played a season for the Tri-City Storm of the USHL and became a forward on the Notre Dame 2009–2010 freshman squad.
# Eoporis bifasciana

Eoporis bifasciana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Schwarzer in 1925.
# Pély

Pély is a village in Heves County, Hungary.

## Notable residents

* Zsuzsa Körmöczy (1924–2006), World No. 2 women's tennis player
* Mari Törőcsik, actress
# Don Heath

Don Heath (born 26 December 1944) is an English former professional footballer who played as an outside right.
Beginning his football career as an apprentice at local club Middlesbrough in 1962, Heath did not play first team football until he signed a professional contract with Norwich City. Making a total of 105 league appearances for the club. He was sold to Swindon Town in 1967 for £7,000.
Heath made his début for Swindon on 16 September 1967 in a game versus Northampton Town that his new club won 4–0. He was a member of the squad that won the 1969 League Cup and also the 1970 Anglo-Italian Cup before injury forced him out of the first team. With the arrival of Arthur Horsfield at the club, he was side-lined for much of the 1970 season before playing his last game for Swindon on 14 March 1970.
He moved to Oldham Athletic in July 1970 and was a central figure in their successful promotion season of 1970–71. Peterborough United obtained his services on a free transfer the following season before he moved once more, this time to Hartlepool United where his league playing career finished.
Heath went on to play for non-league clubs Gateshead United, Crook Town and South Bank before retiring and taking a job working for ICI in the North of England.
# Clydeholm

Clydeholm was a football and greyhound racing stadium in Clydebank, Scotland. It was the home ground of the first Clydebank F.C. to play in the Scottish Football League.

## History

Clydebank F.C. was founded in 1914, and acquired a ten-year lease on a site directly to the west of Yoker railway station. The new club was immediately elected into the Division Two of the Scottish Football League, and the first SFL match was played at Clydeholm on 16 August 1914, a 3–1 win over East Stirlingshire.
The ground's record league attendance of 22,000 was set for a match against Rangers on 13 November 1920, with the away team winning 4–2. It was equalled for the home match against Rangers at the start of the following season, with Rangers winning 7–1, Clydebank's record home defeat at the ground.
In 1925 a new grandstand was erected on the south-western side of the pitch. A greyhound racing track was installed, with the first race taking place on 15 May 1930. Clydebank resigned from the SFL in July 1931 – their final SFL match at Clydeholm was a 5–1 defeat by Raith Rovers on 25 April 1931. Although the club folded in the same year, the ground continued to be used for greyhound racing. During World War II it was used to house a temporary mortuary, which was destroyed on the first night of the Clydebank Blitz in March 1941.
The final greyhound racing meeting took place on 28 November 1963. The stadium was subsequently demolished and the site used to build a shopping centre and housing, with one of the roads through it named Clydeholm Terrace.
# Charles Letrosne

Charles Antoine Letrosne (5 April 1868 – 9 August 1939) was a French architect and writer known as the author of the influential three-volume Murs et toits pour le pays de chez nous (1923.

## Life

Charles Antoine Letrosne was born on 5 April 1868 in the 8th arrondissement of Paris. His parents were Paul Ernest Letrosne (1827–1902), an architect and professor at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, and Augustine Marin (1825–1884). He also became an architect. On 27 May 1895 he married Caroline Geneviève Jenny Penicaud (1874–1925). They had two boys and two girls. The boys, Daniel Paul Raoul Letrosne (1896–1941) and Guy (Guillaume) Letrosne (1908–88) both became architects.
Charles Letrosne was made Chief Architect of Civil Buildings and National Palaces. He was an officer of the Legion of Honor. He died on 9 August 1939 at Le Val Martin, Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche, Yvelines, Île-de-France at the age of 71.

## Work

Letrosne designed the Temple protestant de Reims in a flamboyant neo-Gothic style influenced by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. It was modeled on the Temple de l'Étoile in Paris. The layout is that of Latin cross, which is unusual in a church built for Protestants. The foundation stone was laid on 23 October 1921, and the temple was dedicated on 24 June 1923. Letrosne was the co-designer (with his son Daniel) of the zoo in the Bois de Vincennes in Paris in 1934. He was the first chief architect of the Paris World Exhibition of 1937.

## Publications

* Letrosne, Charles (1923). Murs et toits pour les pays de chez-nous. Vol. 1–3. Niestlé.
# Euchaetis crypsichroa

Euchaetis crypsichroa is a moth in the family Oecophoridae. It was described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1893. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from South Australia.
# Emmanuel Wilmer

Emmanuel Wilmer (known popularly as Dread Wilme) was a Haitian criminal, rebel, and anarchist killed in a United Nations armed assault on Cité Soleil that killed dozens of people. The assault was led by Brazilian general Augusto Heleno and was carried out by COMANF on July 6, 2005. Cité Soleil, the location where the assault occurred, was largely governed by Aristide-backed gangs affiliated with Fanmi Lavalas who monitored visitors via two roads that accessed the slum.

## Background

In February 2004, under pressure from the United States government and local unrest, Prime Minister Claudette Werleigh resigned. Large portions of Cité Soleil, a slum largely without government services, water infrastructure, or police presence, were politically loyal to Aristide. The Fanmi Lavalas affiliated gangs, of which Wilmer was a leader, and the anti-Aristide paramilitary groups began to scale up violence in response to the government of the new interim Prime Minister Gerard Latortue. The territory of the anti-Aristide paramilitary groups was located in a section of Cité Soleil known as Boston, backed by a leader known as Labaniere. More than a political war, the gangs were also fighting over turfs as well as in connection to drugs and other illegal activities. Residents attempting to cross from one turf to another without prior gang approval were shot by sniper fire for fear of being informants. The only hospital in the area was shut down after a French diplomat visiting the hospital was caught in a gun fight against a Wilmer-allied gang and was rescued from the facility by Brazilian Marines Special Forces. A wikileaks source revealed that the business elite of Haiti, aligned with the new government, were privately arming police forces after the February 2004 transfer of power to protect their business interests in the country. Thomas Robenson, aka Labaniere, was formerly a member of the Aristide-Lavalas party, but joined the private forces in protecting commercial zones following the February transfer of power. On March 30, 2005 Labaniere was killed by a Wilmer-backed group. After Labaniere's death, UN troops had difficulty discerning Cité Soleil residents from government opposition members. On July 6, 2005, the UN assault began.

## Controversy

The pro-Aristide Haitian Lawyers Leadership Network called Wilmer a community leader and a martyr. It is claimed by MINUSTAH and the supporters of the 2004 coup that Wilmer was a gangster; however, this characterization is disputed by supporters of deposed Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide and others. Local and left-leaning press characterized Wilmer as a freedom fighter defending his turf from foreign invaders. This press raised Wilmer to the same status of Charlemagne Péralte and Kapwa Lamò. On October 17, 2005, a few months after Wilmer's death, the people of Cité Soleil renamed a section of Route 9 as "Dread Wilme Boulevard".
# Dichoropetalum stridii

Dichoropetalum stridii is a perennial flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, endemic to NW Greece. It occurs in pastures, rocky and gravelly places on ophiolithic substrates and occasionally on schist. It is flowering from July until August. It was first collected by Elli Stamatiadou and the holotype is stored at the herbarium of Goulandris Natural History Museum (ATH). It was named after Arne Strid a Swede botanist, expert of the Greek flora.
# Kurumdy Mountain

Kurumdy Mountain is a mountain in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia, in the eastern section of the Trans-Alay Range. Kurumdy (Kurumdy I summit) has an elevation of 6,614 metres (21,699 ft) above sea level and sits on the international border between Kyrgyzstan and China.

## Location

Kurumdy is located in the eastern part of the Trans-Alay Range in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia. It is 22 km east of the Kyzyl-Art Pass. On the northern side flows the East Kyzilsy Glacier with a length of 3,7 km and an area of 69,4 km$^2$. The Kurumdy Glacier with a length of 17.2 km (10.7 mi) and area of 60.6 km$^2$ (23.4 sq mi) is located on the south side and flows to the west.
Since territorial changes in 2011, it has been a three state summit between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan and China.

## Climbing history

There is some uncertainty concerning the first ascent. An ascent by E. Timashev and party from the south apparently reached the main summit in 1932. However, other sources surmise this party only made it to Kurumdu West (6154 m).
On October 1, 2001, Michael Mihajlov and Vitaliy Akimov reached the Kurumdy I summit by climbing a major north ridge. This would be the first ascent if the 1932 ascent was only to Kurumdu West.
The first traverse (East-West, 15 days) was accomplished in the summer of 2015 by the Austrians Markus Gschwendt and Katharina Pfnaisl. This was the second ascent of the main summit (6614 m, 5 August 2015). As well as this, they traversed several other 6000 m peaks, two of which were unclimbed at this time. For the ascent they used a very steep slope east of the Kurumdy east summits (6384 m, Peak Kathi 6259 m). The descent was done by crossing the west summits (6554 m, 6283 m) and then following a north ridge to Golova Orla 5440 m from where they reached the Basecamp (3770 m)

## Information for visitors

The area requires a border permit to visit.
Approach from the north, Kyrgyzstan: Airport in Osh, Taxi to Sari Tash, with Horses to the basecamp on the northern side of the East Kyzilsy Glacier at 3770 m. Water quality can be a problem. Bring a water filter system.
There is no easy line to the summit. Success depends on snow conditions and weather.
# Kevin Nugent

Kevin Nugent may refer to:
* Kevin Nugent (ice hockey) (born 1955), American former ice hockey player
* Kevin Nugent (footballer) (born 1969), English former footballer and current manager
# Ephron

Ephron is a Jewish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ephron (biblical figure), Hittite who sold a cave to Abraham according to the Bible
* A family of American writers:
** Henry Ephron (1911–1992), father
** Phoebe Ephron (1914–1971), mother
** Amy Ephron (born 1952), daughter
** Delia Ephron (born 1944), daughter
** Hallie Ephron (born 1948), daughter, sometimes writes as G. H. Ephron
** Nora Ephron (1941–2012), daughter
* Theron Ephron Catlin (1878–1960), American politician from Missouri
# Don Quixote and Sancho Panza (Daumier)

Don Quixote and Sancho Panza is an oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Honoré Daumier, created c. 1868. The work is of small dimensions and has the unfinished appearance of a sketch. It is held in the Neue Pinakothek in Munich.

## Description

This is one of the works of literary inspiration created by Daumier during the Second Empire. The artist made many paintings and drawings representing Don Quixote, alone or with Sancho Panza, some twenty-five oils, watercolors and a series of charcoal drawings.
The picture gives the impression of a hastily prepared sketch, because it is painted with wide brush strokes using a meager and basic color palette. In the central part, there is the thin figure of Don Quixote on his grumpy horse, the Rocinante. The rider holds knightly attributes, he is dressed in his armor, wears a shield and a lance, and his chest is proudly protruding. His face is replaced by an ocher-colored stain, leaving his eyes, nose and beard to the viewer's imagination. The figures of the rider and his horse are caricatures whose appearance introduces an atmosphere of strangeness.
The simple background consists of a uniformly blue sky and an earth of ocher and yellow. Part of the landscape was painted with superficial and wide brush strokes, which intensifies the feeling of emptiness and mystery. The artist gave up the use of chiaroscuro, he also rejected the traditional handling of color. He applied paint in large portions creating a flat composition.
The only detail that diversifies the background is the blurry shape visible on the horizon, perhaps it is the outline of a rickety tree or, as some interpreters believe, the figure of his squire, Sancho Panza. He is a shadow that can be seen in the distance, in the horizon, cut out against the sky of intense blue color, as if forming part of the arid landscape.
# Don Meade

Donald Lawrence Meade (December 12, 1913 – December 22, 1996) was an American National Champion jockey. Called the "Bad Boy" of the sport by Time magazine because of his numerous suspensions and fines, he is widely remembered as a result of his win on Brokers Tip in the 1933 Kentucky Derby.

## Background

Meade began riding ponies as a child and eventually horses at bush tracks and at county Fair races. In the summer of 1929 he rode horses for the mayor of his hometown who contacted a friend, trainer Sam Orr, who agreed to take Meade on as an apprentice. In July 1930, Meade got his first win aboard Queens Bessie at Lansdowne Park in Richmond, British Columbia.

## The "Fighting Finish"

In what became known as the "Fighting Finish", Don Meade on Brokers Tip and jockey Herb Fisher aboard Head Play battled their way to the finish line of the 1933 Kentucky Derby. Head Play was leading when Meade sent Brokers Tip through an opening on the inside to pull even. As the horses ran side by side down the stretch, their jockeys grabbed and whipped each other. The racing stewards declared Brokers Tip the winner by a nose. A photo of the Fighting Finish taken by a photographer for the Louisville Courier-Journal is one of the most widely recognized in Thoroughbred racing.
Meade died on December 22, 1996, in Hollywood, Florida at age 83.
# Dasymetopa fuscicosta

Dasymetopa fuscicosta is a species of ulidiid or picture-winged fly in the genus Dasymetopa of the family Ulidiidae.
# Universo (disambiguation)

Universo is the name of a comic book character
Universo may also refer to:
* Universo BRB
* Universo Online
* El Universo, newspaper
* "Universo" (song), a 2020 song by Blas Cantó
* Universo (TV network), an American cable network
* Universo, a 2008 album by Axel
# Emmanuel Yeboah

Emmanuel Yeboah may refer to:
* Emmanuel Yeboah (cyclist), Ghanaian cyclist, triathlete, and disability rights activist
* Emmanuel Yeboah (sprinter), Ghanaian sprinter
* Emmanuel Yeboah (footballer), Ghanaian footballer
# Dichorda rhodocephala

Dichorda rhodocephala is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1916. It is found on Jamaica.
# Kurume, Cameroon

Kurume is a town and commune in Cameroon located along the Kumba - Mamfe road in the Southwest Region. Kurume is a place in Konye commune, Meme department, Southwest Region, Cameroon. It is located north of the city of Kumba. The inhabitants speak the Bafaw form of the Bafaw-Balong language.