OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pitcairnia crassa

Pitcairnia crassa is a plant species in the genus Pitcairnia. This species is endemic to Bolivia.
# Pitcairnia decidua

Pitcairnia decidua is a plant species in the genus Pitcairnia. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Breed of Horses Act 1535 & Horses Act 1540

The Breed of Horses Act 1535 and the Horses Act 1540 were Acts of the Parliament of England, which aimed to improve the national stock of horses through breeding. The acts were repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 and the Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856 respectively.

## The acts

The Breed of Horses Act 1535 (27 Hen. 8. c. 6) mentions a marked decay in the quality of the breed, the cause it is claimed that "in most places of this Realme little horsis and naggis of small stature and valeu be suffered to depasture and also to covour marys and felys of very small stature". The statute thus required each owner of enclosed deer-parks to possess a minimum of two mares whose height was to be above thirteen hands high in order for them to be bred with horses of no shorter than fourteen hands high.
The Horses Act 1540 (32 Hen. 8. c. 13) ordered that no stallion under 15 hands (60 inches, 152 cm) and no mare under 13 hands (52 inches, 132 cm) was permitted to run out on common land, or to run wild, and no two-year-old colt under 11.2 hands (46 inches, 117 cm) was allowed to run out in any area with mares. Annual round-ups of the commons were enforced, and any stallion under the height limit was ordered to be destroyed, along with "all unlikely tits whether mares or foals."

## Legacy

The requirement for swingeing culls of "under-height" horses was partially repealed by a statute of Elizabeth I, the Horses Act 1566 (8 Eliz. 1. c. 8) on the basis that the poor lands could not support the weight of the horses desired by Henry VIII because of "their rottenness ... they are not able to breed beare and bring forth such great breeds of stoned horses as by the statute of 32 Henry VIII is expressed, without peril of miring and perishing of them", and thus many ponies of Britain's mountain and moorland pony breeds in their native environments escaped the slaughter.
# Joseph Beacham (disambiguation)

Joseph Beacham (1874–1958) was an American football player.
Joseph Beacham or Joseph Beecham may also refer to:
* Joseph R. Beacham, American music publisher
* Joseph Beecham (1848–1916), British businessman and baronet
* Joe Beecham, Ghanaian singer
# Joseph Harwar

Joseph Harwar (12 November 1654, Stoke, Warwickshire – 15 July 1722, Oxford) was an English academic.
Harwar was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was then a fellow from 1681 to 1706. He was Magdalen's President from 1706 until his death. He was vicar of Lockington from 1687 to 1692, and rector of St Clement's, Oxford from 1696.
# Platyptilia pauliani

Platyptilia pauliani is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Madagascar.
The larvae feed on Calendula species and Emilia citrina.
# Platyptilia nemoralis

Platyptilia nemoralis is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found from Europe, through Russia to Japan.
The wingspan is 26–30 mm. Adults are on wing from early July to late August in western Europe. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Senecio fuchsii, Senecio fluviatilis, Senecio sarracenicus and Senecio nemorensis. They feed in the shoots of their host plant. Pupation takes place in the feeding chambers.
# Early Bird Aircraft Company

The Early Bird Aircraft Company was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Erie, Colorado. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of historical replica aircraft, sold as both kits or as just printed plans for amateur construction. The company's designs were marketed for a time by Leading Edge Air Foils.
The company produced two designs. The Early Bird Spad 13 is an 80% scale replica of the First World War SPAD S.XIII fighter. The Early Bird Jenny is a 67% scale replica of the First World War Curtiss JN-4 Jenny trainer. Both aircraft are constructed from a mix of steel and aluminum tubing, with some wooden parts and with flying surfaces covered in doped aircraft fabric.
# Cyrtinus araguaensis

Cyrtinus araguaensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Howden in 1973. It is known from Venezuela.
# Cape Belsham

Cape Belsham is a prominent cape 0.9 km (0.56 mi) west of Point Wild on the north coast of Elephant Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name dates back to about 1822 and is well established in international usage.
# Ekinbağı, Kovancılar

Ekinbağı is a village in the Kovancılar District of Elazığ Province in Turkey. Its population is 130 (2021).
# Charles George Johnson

Charles George Johnson (1886–14 October 1950) was a chemist, businessman and political figure in Adelaide, South Australia.

## Biography

Johnson was born in Essex, England in 1886 and led an adventurous life, including a spell of boxing professionally, before arriving in Adelaide in 1925. He first came to public notice as a Labor Party (ALP) candidate for a North Adelaide seat in South Australia's House of Assembly in 1933.
In August 1934, Johnson founded the cleaning products company Jasol Chemical Products. "Jasol" was an acronym for "Johnson's Antiseptic Soluble Oils Limited." Early deliveries were done by Johnson on a pushbike.
In 1945, when he was well known for his association with the Jasol firm, Johnson was elected as Councillor on the Adelaide City Council. He resigned from the ALP in 1947. He consistently voted against generosity towards retiring councillors, mayors and employees, even when he acknowledged that the person had served the council exceptionally well. He resigned in 1949 to stand as an alderman but was defeated.
He was vice-president of the Adelaide sub-branch of the Returned Sailors Soldiers and Airmens Imperial League of Australia.
Johnson lived on South Terrace, Adelaide. He died in the Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park in 1950. He was survived by his wife Millie Johnson.
# Károly Korbel

Károly Korbel (born 5 August 1971) is a Hungarian judoka. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization

The Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization (RBIS) protocol is a master/slave synchronization protocol. RBIS, as the Reference Broadcast Time Synchronization (RBS), is a receiver/receiver synchronization protocol, as a consequence timestamps used for clock regulation are acquired only on the receiving of synchronization events. RBIS is specifically tailored to be used in IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi networks configured in infrastructure mode. Such a kind of networks are based on an access point that coordinates the communication between the wireless nodes (i.e., the STAs), and they are very common.
The advantages of RBIS are that it can be directly used with common access points, no modification is required to the STAs (or minor modifications to improve synchronization performance) and a very small overhead is added to the wireless channel (typically a message every 1 second). Moreover, it allows an easily synchronization with an external time source, because it is a master/slave protocol. Its major drawback is that it does not compensate the propagation delay. This fact limits the achievable synchronization quality to a couple of microsecond, which is typically enough for the very majority of the applications, especially for home automation. An example is the connection of wireless speakers to a television.
# CCCI

CCCI may refer to:
* Campus Crusade for Christ International
* Central Criminal Court of Iraq
* Chittagong Chamber of Commerce & Industry
* Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway
* Compagnie du Congo pour le Commerce et l’Industrie
# Chiloglanis angolensis

Chiloglanis angolensis is a species of upside-down catfish endemic to Angola where it occurs in the Cuango River and the Rio Coroca. This species grows to a length of 5.6 centimetres (2.2 in) SL.
# Charles Hanford Henderson

Charles Hanford Henderson (December 30, 1861 – January 2, 1941) was an American educator and author.

## Biography

Born in Philadelphia, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1882; was lecturer at the Franklin Institute 1883–86; Professor of Physics and Chemistry in the Philadelphia Manual Training School 1889–91, principal 1893–95; Ph.D. at Zurich in 1892; lecturer on education at Harvard 1897–98; and director Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, 1898–99.
Professor Henderson was a major figure in the creation of educational camps for boys. He founded Camp Marienfeld a Summer Camp for Boys and was its headmaster for 17 years, and was headmaster of the Marienfeld Open-Air School at Samarcand, North Carolina, 1914–16. Marienfeld; a pioneer among camps was established by Dr. Henderson in the summer of 1896 in Milford, Pennsylvania, and was moved to Chesham, New Hampshire in 1899 and operated into the 1950s. It was a study camp for boys and stressed the educational program of the progressive camp.
Dr. Henderson was an early proponent of manual training and the Arts and Crafts movement in industry. He advocated redesigning the school to suit the nature and needs of the child. Marietta Johnson, the founder of the Marietta Johnson School of Organic Education in Fairhope, Alabama credited Dr. Henderson with having coined the term "organic education" in his 1902 book Education and the Larger Life which was one of her educational bibles. Dr. Henderson was then a rival of John Dewey in the education reform movement. Although Dewey grew greatly in stature, Henderson was highly regarded and spent his career implementing reform.
He was a prolific author who wrote about progressive education, manual training for boys, the value of hand work and the benefits of summer camps. Dr. Henderson's reputation rests largely on his academic papers published in periodicals such as Popular Science, Harper's Magazine, the Atlantic Monthly and the North American Review. His books include: Elements of Physics (1900); Education and the Larger Life (1902); John Percyfield: The Anatomy of Cheerfulness (1903); Children of Good Fortune (1905); Lighted Lamp (1908); Pay-day (1911); What It Is to Be Educated (1914).
Henderson was an elected Member of the American Philosophical Society (1896).
In retirement he designed and maintained a summer home in the Arts and Crafts style in the artist’s colony of Tryon, North Carolina. Henderson's winter home was in Daytona Beach, Florida, where he died in 1941.
# Charles Handfield

Charles Reginald Handfield (26 August 1878 – 6 May 1915) was an Australian-born South African first-class cricketer and soldier.
Handfield was born in South Yarra in August 1878 and was educated at Malvern Grammar School, where he was the captain of the cricket and football teams. After graduating in 1901, he and his brother George emigrated to South Africa, where he joined the 1st Imperial Light Horse on the outbreak of the Second Boer War. He served in the Orange Free State and Transvaal and was promoted to corporal in 1902.
Handfield appeared in one first-class Currie Cup cricket match for Transvaal against Border on 23 March 1909. During the match, which took place at the Newlands Rugby Ground, Handfield caught Charles Johnson and Norman Norton and scored 5 runs before being bowled by Arthur Sprenger.
At the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Handfield enlisted in the Natal Light Horse, once again with the rank of corporal. The regiment was engaged in the South West Africa campaign, in which they were pushing German forces into German West Africa. Handfield was wounded in action during a battle at Gibeon on 27 April 1915 and died of his wounds on 7 May. He is buried at the Gibeon Station Cemetery.
# Charles Cooke (Grampound MP)

Sir Charles Cooke (died 2 January 1721) of Hackney, Middlesex was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1721.
Cooke was the eldest son of Thomas Cooke of Hackney and the brother of James Cooke, MP for Tregony.
Cooke was returned as Member of Parliament for Grampound at the 1715 general election. He was Master of the Worshipful Company of Mercers in 1716. He was knighted in January 1717 and appointed Sheriff of London the same year. Following his death he left a bequest to Morden College.
Cooke died unmarried on 2 January 1721.
# Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar

Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar is a 14th-century ríma by the Icelandic poet and official Einarr Gilsson on the career of Saint Óláfr Haraldsson (King Olaf II) of Norway.
The work is preserved in Iceland's Flateyjarbók, from around 1390, and was probably composed a couple of decades earlier. The narrative follows the account of Óláfr's life in Heimskringla, focusing on the Battle of Stiklestad and Óláfr's miracles after his death. The work is literary though the diction is simple. The ríma consists of 65 ferskeytt verses. There is no mansöngr.
Ólafs ríma is often considered the earliest ríma.
# Charles Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough

Charles George Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough (5 September 1818 – 13 August 1881), styled Viscount Campden between 1841 and 1866, was a British peer and Whig politician.

## Background

Gainsborough was the only child of Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough, by his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet. His mother died two weeks after he was born. He was the half-brother of Gerard Noel. He was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge.

## Career

Gainsborough succeeded his uncle William Noel as Member of Parliament for Rutland in 1840, but only held the seat until the following year. He then served a year as High Sheriff of Rutland for 1848. In 1866 he succeeded his father in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. The following year he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Rutland, which he remained until his death. He was a lieutenant colonel in the Prince Albert's Own Leicestershire Yeomanry from 1879–81, recorded as captain on 12 August 1850.
He and his wife embraced Roman Catholicism on New Year's Day in 1850.

## Family

Lord Gainsborough married Ida Harriet Augusta, daughter of William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll and Elizabeth FitzClarence, illegitimate daughter of King William IV, in 1841. The family home was at Flitteriss Park.
They had five children:
* Lady Blanche (25 March 1845 – 21 March 1881), who married Thomas Murphy
** The "Lady Blanche House" is commemorated by New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 109 in Bartlett, New Hampshire
* Lady Constance (19 October 1847 – 8 April 1891), who married Sir Henry Bellingham, 4th Baronet
* Charles, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough (20 October 1850 – 17 April 1926), had issue
* Edward (28 April 1852 – 9 November 1917), who married Ruth Lucas
* Lady Edith (1849 - 22 August 1890), who became a nun
Lady Gainsborough died in October 1867. Lord Gainsborough remained a widower until his death in August 1881, aged 62. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son, Charles.
His grandsons included Edward Noel and John Baptist Lucius Noel.
# Zygmunt Kukla

Zygmunt Kukla may refer to:
* Zygmunt Kukla (conductor) (born 1969), Polish conductor, arranger, and composer
* Zygmunt Kukla (footballer) (1948-2016), Polish footballer
# Ólafía

Ólafía is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ólafía Einarsdóttir (1924–2017), Icelandic archaeologist
* Ólafía Jóhannsdóttir (1803-1924), Icelandic teacher and temperance worker
* Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir (born 1962), Icelandic actress
* Ólafía Þórunn Kristinsdóttir (born 1992), Icelandic golfer
# Dario di Giovanni

Dario di Giovanni (1420 – 1495), was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period.

## Biography

Di Giovanni was born in Pordenone and is known for religious works. By 1440 he was registered in Padua as pictor vagabundus, meaning journeyman painter, indicating that he was not associated with any workshop in particular. This fits with Di Giovanni's oeuvre, which was primarily frescoes in churches.
Di Giovanni died in Conegliano.
# Charles Mantell

Sir Charles Barrie Knight Mantell, PC (30 January 1937 — 1 May 2010) was a British barrister who served as a High Court judge and a Lord Justice of Appeal. He is notable for presiding at the trial of Rosemary West.
Mantell was born in Romiley, then part of Cheshire, the second son of Francis Christopher Knight Mantell and Elsie, née Caton. His younger brother was actor, Knight Mantell. He attended Manchester Grammar School and studied law at the University of Manchester. He married (Anne) Shirley Cogger in 1960. After National Service as an education officer in the Royal Air Force between 1958 and 1961 (reaching the rank of flying officer), he was called to the bar by Gray's Inn and later served at the chambers of Sir Patrick Russell in Manchester. He practised on the Northern Circuit and was present at the trials of the Birmingham Six, Trevor Hardy and Terry Clark.
Between 1982 and 1985 Mantell was a Supreme Court judge in Hong Kong, returning to Britain as a judge on the Western Circuit. In 1990 he was appointed to the High Court and knighted. He was promoted to the Court of Appeal in 1997 and was sworn of the Privy Council. Retiring in 2004, he was a Surveillance Commissioner from 2006 until his death.
# Danny Rader

Danny Rader (born November 1, 1981) is a musician from Panama City, Florida. Born into a musical family, he began to play drums at age 2 and branched out into bass, guitar and piano in his early teens. Later he incorporated bouzouki, mandolin, banjo, mandola, keyboards, accordion, melodica, and harmonica into his skill set.
Rader, along with the rest of his family, performed in The Ocean Opry Music Show in Panama City Beach, Florida, which operated from 1978-2005. With his family Rader performed over 200 shows a year, until moving to Nashville in 2004.
Rader toured with Kenny Chesney, Jason Aldean, LeAnn Rimes, Gretchen Wilson, Carolyn Dawn Johnson and Julianne Hough. In 2010, he joined Keith Urban's touring band.
He has appeared on The Grammy Awards, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with David Letterman, The Today Show, Good Morning America, Country Music Television Awards and The Billboard Music Awards, among other TV appearances.
In 2014, Danny was nominated for the Academy of Country Music's "Specialty Musician of the Year" award. In 2016, Danny won the Academy of Country Music's "Specialty Musician of the Year" award.
# Dankotuwa

7°17′48″N 79°53′18″E﻿ / ﻿7.29667°N 79.88833°E﻿ / 7.29667; 79.88833 Dankotuwa is a small town situated in Puttalam District, North Western Province, Sri Lanka. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) away from Negombo, 47 km (29 mi) from Colombo and 62 km (39 mi) from Kurunegala. Dankotuwa is a junction town, connecting Colombo - Negombo - Kuliyapitiya main road and Negombo - Kurunegala main road. Dankotuwa Porcelain, a porcelain tableware manufacturing company, is based in Dankotuwa. The company employs 1,500 people.
# Öz

Öz is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Doğan Öz (1934–1978), Turkish prosecutor assassinated during his investigation of the Turkish deep state
* Emanuel Öz (born 1979), Swedish politician
* Mehmet Öz, Turkish-American surgeon, author and promoter of alternative medicine.
* İzmir Öz, fictional character from the book The Case
# Bretislav Victor Heinrich

Bretislav Victor Heinrich from the Simon Fraser University, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Forum on International Physics in 1995, for the elucidation of loss of ferromagnetic resonance in metals; for the contribution to the invention of ferromagnetic antiresonance; for adapting molecular beam epitaxy to studies of exchange interactions and anisotropies in the highest quality ultrathin magnetic films.
# Elise L'Esperance

Elise Depew Strang L'Esperance (1878–1958) was an American pathologist and physician, a pioneer in establishing a preventive model of cancer treatment. She was a pathologist noted for establishing cancer prevention clinics in New York. She founded two clinics: the Strang Tumor Clinic in 1932 and the Strang Cancer Prevention Clinic in 1937, which operated out of the New York Infirmary. In 1940, L'Esperance opened a second branch of the Strang Cancer Prevention Clinic at the Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases. During her medical career, L'Esperance published her research prolifically, credited for approximately 30 articles in medical journals.

## Early life and education

Elise L'Esperance was born in Yorktown, New York, to Albert Strang, a physician, and Kate Depew Strang. Inspired by her father, she pursued a career in medicine and attended the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, earning her M.D. there in 1900. Interested in pediatrics, L'Esperance spent a year working at Babies Hospital in New York. She then worked for two years at a private pediatric practice in Detroit, Michigan.

## Career

In 1908, she turned to medical research. In 1920, she became professor of pathology at Cornell University Medical College. In 1948–1949, she was president of the American Medical Women's Association. In 1946, she was the first editor of the Journal of the American Medical Women's Association.
# Ekince, Bağlar

Ekince is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bağlar, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 699 (2022).
# Mildred B. Mitchell

Mildred Bessie Mitchell (1903–1983) was a psychologist who graduated with her doctorate from Yale University in 1931. She was the first clinical psychology examiner for the US Astronaut Program helping NASA select men for Project Mercury spaceflight in 1959.

## Biography

Mitchell was born on December 25, 1903, in Rockford, Illinois. In 1920, Mitchell began her studies at Rockford College, where she received a Bachelor of Arts in 1924 with a major in mathematics and a minor in philosophy, speech and education.
In Summer 1926, Mitchell started studying psychology at Harvard University hoping to earn her Masters there, however she was soon faced with "deeply rooted sex discrimination." Even though she was attending all her classes on that campus, she was told women were not allowed to enroll officially as Harvard students. In addition, the psychology department as well as the "Widener libraries were closed to women in the evenings."
In 1927, Mitchell obtained her M.A. in psychology from Harvard's "sister school," Radcliffe College, and moved to Yale to continue her graduate studies. There she felt included in the department's activities, was given a private office for her to work and study and a set of keys to the university libraries. At Yale, she obtained her Ph.D. in 1931. Her finished dissertation discussed the types of errors made by human subjects attempting to memorize numbers with three digits.

### Career

In 1936, Mitchell worked as a vocational director for a department she started for the U.S. Employment Service in New Hampshire. In 1939, she successfully established two psychology departments in Iowa state hospitals. In 1943 she worked at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. By 1947, she was at the Mental Hygiene Clinic in Ft. Snelling, Minnesota but "was never promoted to a grade higher than her male colleagues, even though she was doing the work of three male psychologists who had fewer trainees."
In February and March, 1959, NASA asked Mitchell to help screen the 31 astronaut candidates for the Project Mercury spaceflight. Michell's concern about the candidates, all men and all highly recommended by their military services, was their individual capability to work and make decisions under severe stress. After her participation in that selection process became widely known, she was finally promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander.

### Personal life

In 1942, Mitchell joined the first women's auxiliary in the U.S. Army. Mitchell met an Army Lieutenant, Ira Spear, at a dance in Washington and they married in 1947.
Mitchell died in 1983.