OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mydaea corni

Mydaea corni is a fly from the family Muscidae. It is found in the Palearctic.
# Dasyscopelus selenops

Dasyscopelus selenops, the Wisner's lanternfish, is a species of lanternfish. It occurs in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. It can grow to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) total length.
# Düzmeşe, Osmaneli

Düzmeşe is a village in the Osmaneli District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 242 (2021).
# Thomas Humphreys (Baptist minister)

Thomas Humphreys was minister of Seion, Cwmaman, from the 1860s until his death in 1909. During this time the church developed into one of the strongest associations in the village. He was eventually succeeded by S. J. Leeke.
He was also active in local politics and became a member of the Aberdare Local Board of Health. From 1894 he was an inaugural member of the Aberdare Urban District Council, being elected in second place in the Aberaman ward behind E.M. Hann. Humphreys was re-elected unopposed in 1897 and 1900. In 1903, however, he lost his seat to a Labour candidate because of an alleged lack of sympathy with the working classes.
# Dörthe Binkert

Dörthe Binkert (born 1 January 1949) is a German novelist and non-fiction writer.

## Biography

Born in Hagen in Westphalia, Binkert grew up in Frankfurt where she studied German literature, art history and politics at Frankfurt University. For the next 30 years she worked as editor and editor-in-chief for major German publishers. Since 1975 she has been living in Zürich where she completed her first historical novel, Weit übers Meer (translated as She Wore Only White), in 2008. It is the story of a young woman who is trying to escape her past by taking a transatlantic voyage to America.

## Selected works
### Novels

* Binkert, Dörthe (2008). Weit übers Meer Roman (in German). Munich. ISBN 978-3-423-24693-4. OCLC 260046113.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
** Binkert, Dörthe; Schuldt, Lesley (2012). She wore only white. Las Vegas, NV. ISBN 978-1-61218-291-9. OCLC 779259602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Binkert, Dörthe (2010). Bildnis eines Mädchens Roman (in German). Munich. ISBN 978-3-423-24784-9. OCLC 640133550.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Binkert, Dörthe (2012). Brombeersommer : Roman. Munich: Dtv. ISBN 978-3-423-24913-3. OCLC 802500711.

### Non-fiction

* Binkert, Dörthe (2007). All die schönen Wörter die wir vor dem Untergang retten sollten (in German). Munich: Thiele. ISBN 978-3-85179-019-1. OCLC 259929714.
* Binkert, Dörthe (2011). Frauen in Gold Musen und Modelle des Malers Gustav Klimt (in German). Munich. ISBN 978-3-85179-175-4. OCLC 767797573.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Binkert, Dörthe; Heidenreich, Elke (2012). Frauen und Rosen (in German). Munich: Thiele. ISBN 978-3-85179-184-6. OCLC 798054336.
* Binkert, Dörthe (2013). Frauen und ihre Katzen (in German). Munich. ISBN 978-3-85179-237-9. OCLC 840905883.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Shailesh Kumar (businessman)

Shailesh Kumar is an American writer, entrepreneur, and private investor. He is the founder of Value Stock Guide, a financial website that provides information about investing. As a writer, his articles from Value Stock Guide are syndicated with financial websites that include Seeking Alpha, Investing.com, and Nasdaq.com, with other articles appearing in Forbes and the Business Insider. He has been featured in The New York Times as well as other publications.

## Early life and education

Kumar attended the Indian Institute of Technology where he earned his undergraduate in Electrical Engineering. He went on to work for the Ford Motor company prior to pursuing his master's degree. He attended the University of Michigan where he earned his M.B.A. from the Ross School of Business.

## Career

Kumar's business career began with A.T. Kearney where he worked as a management consultant, advising Fortune 100 companies on business strategies. He later worked with an A.T. Kearney incubator in the Midwest, ending up as the chief financial officer for one of its startup companies. He went on to start his own career as an entrepreneur in the steel industry.
Kumar was a steel industry entrepreneur. His experience with owning a steel company was documented in a 2011 featured article in The New York Times. In 2008, Kumar went to borrow $350,000 in capital for the business. This was approximately nine months after making his initial purchase. The capital was to be used to pay off higher interest debt. Kumar was informed by two different banks that he would need to put his house up for collateral. During this time, the value of his house declined during the real estate market crash in the U.S. Lenders would not loan him money due to the value of his home being worth less than what he could put up for collateral. Kumar was unable to keep the business running due to declining revenue and no cash reserved. He closed the steel company in 2009.
Kumar is the founder of Value Stock Guide, a financial advice website he founded in 2011. He is a private investor who focuses primarily on long term value and smaller undervalued companies. He writes the content for the Value Stock Guide website which is syndicated with websites such as Seeking Alpha, Investing.com, and Nasdaq.com. He also manages a private portfolio that reflects the investment ideas he writes about on the site. Kumar's work in the field of finance has led to numerous media appearances, including giving the Pre Market Report for Benzinga. He is also a frequent contributor to financial publications which include the Business Insider, Seeking Alpha, and Forbes.
# Sandwich Bay, Kent

Sandwich Bay is a long sweeping inlet of the sea between Ramsgate and Deal, on the east coast of Kent, England. The coastal area consists of sand flats with their associated salt marshes and coastal sand dunes. The Sandwich Flats stretch for about five miles (8 km) along the coast. The coastal habitats are of high ecological importance.
Most of the bay bears national and international nature conservation designations. These include the Sandwich Bay to Hacklinge Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), the Sandwich Bay Special Area of Conservation (SAC), the Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay Special Protection Area for birds (SPA), and the Thanet Coast and Sandwich Bay Ramsar Site. The southern emerald damselfly (Lestes barbarus) was found here in 2003, only the second site in Great Britain at which this vagrant species had occurred. There are several Geological Conservation Review sites within the SSSI. The bay is also home to the Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory Trust and the Monk's Wall nature reserve.
The sand dunes at the top of the beach give way to the private road leading through Sandwich Bay estate. There is a 24-hour toll on this road for non-resident motorists of £9.00 per car or £5.00 per motorcycle (2024) but cyclists and pedestrians pass for free. Charges apply 24 hours a day and you buy a ticket at the toll house, or online via the Sandwich Bay website when the toll house is closed. The bay closes to visitors half an hour after sun set and re-opens half an hour before sunrise. However, night fishing is allowed if a ticket is bought in advance. Security patrol the estate and seafront 24 hours a day. The road itself runs along on the top of a concealed sea wall separating the beach from the golf courses which back onto it. Via the toll road the beach is only 3–5 minutes from the historic Cinque port town of Sandwich. There are also scenic footpaths leading from the quay in Sandwich, along the river and over the golf course on the dunes to the bay, which can take anything from 30 minutes to 1 hour to walk. Cycling over this route is not advisable due to the length of the path situated upon the dunes and golf-course, but the road route takes only 10 minutes by bicycle.
The beach at Sandwich Bay is largely shingle, and relatively steep in profile at points along its width, but the receding tide reveals some areas of sand. Towards the northern end of the beach Sandwich Bay is separated from the Isle of Thanet by the River Stour estuary, where the Pegwell Bay nature reserve and salt marsh can be found. The only facilities on the beach are a small toilet block and areas at the edges of the dunes for parking. Sandwich bay also has a sea wall, which has a road built on top to stop the waves from reaching the low-lying land behind. Every spring, beach replenishment is carried out, taking materials from the north of the bay, which has travelled up due to long shore drift, and is piled up against this wall to prevent any damage that may be caused by the waves.
The northernmost end of the beach is frequently used as an unofficial naturist beach.
# Li livres de jostice et de plet

Li livres de jostice et de plet(z) ("The Book of Justice and of Pleas") is an Old French legal treatise compiled by the postglossators of the school of Orléans in the mid-thirteenth century (c.1260). It was influenced by canon law (especially the decretals of Gregory IX), Roman law (especially the Digest), the customary law of the Orléanais, and the legislation of the Capetian Kings of France. It does not have the sense of a finished work, possesses lacunae, and is somewhat disorganised, being possibly the work of a student of the University of Orléans.
The first book of the Livres is a free translation of the first three paragraphs of the Digest. It is not a coutoumier (compilation of customary law) and most of the customary law it cites is limited to Orléans. Among the royal acts it reproduces is one of Saint Louis from 1254, in which the king depicted as judge declares himself the guardian of the peace and rest of his subjects: nos deserrens de la dete de la real poesté la pez et le respous de nos sojeiz. The Livres may have influenced the later legislation of Philip the Fair.

## Examples
### Feudalism

With regards to the law of fiefs, the Livres states that dukes, counts, viscounts, and barons could all hold their land from one another. The Livres also states that la bone devise de droit des persones, des gens, est tele que tot homes ou il sont franc ou serf: "the good division of the law of persons is that all men are either free or servile." This law is based on the Digest but the meaning of the word servi that the medieval author translates "serf" meant "slave".

### Laws of war

The Livres, by defining treason (traïson) as férir, et l'en ne voie pas le cop venir (to wound [someone], and when the blow could not be seen coming), declared all crossbowmen to be traitors, since nobody could see their blows coming.

### Sexual crimes

The Livres has provided scholars with unique insight into medieval legal attitudes to sexual crimes. It does not lay out punishment for prostitutes, preferring to reintegrate them into society in accordance with canon law. It does, however, prescribe the banishment and confiscation of property of the maquerel des femmes (procurer) and the owner of a brothel (bordelerie). It also describes penalties for male homosexuality and is the first known work to describe penalties for lesbianism as well. On the first offence the male sodomite was to be castrated, on the second dismembered, and on the third burned alive. The lesbian offender was to be dismembered on the first two offences (although exactly what two "members" were to be cut off is uncertain) and burned alive on the third. All their goods accrued to the crown.
# Mydan

Saint Mydan was a legendary pre-congregational saint of medieval Wales known from only one seventeenth century manuscript. He was reputedly the son of Pasgen ab Urien Rheged, and brother of Saint Gwrfyw.
He was a Saint of Cor Catwg, at Llancarfan. He had a brother, Saint Gwrfyw, who was the father of S. Nidan. It is quite possible that Mydan is a misreading for Nidan.
# Eugene P. Sheehy

Eugene P. Sheehy (October 10, 1922 - February 26, 2013) was an American academic librarian, professional researcher, author and editor.

## Career

As a librarian he served as the head of the reference department at Columbia University in New York City from 1967-86. He was editor-in-chief for the Guide to Reference, an exhaustive meta-reference book published by the American Library Association that reviewed periodicals and journals of all disciplines. His version of GRB was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s as an educational tool for library students, as a tool for reference librarians to assist them with difficult searches and as a tool for purchasers for libraries to assist them in choosing which materials to obtain for their library.

## Early life

Born in Elbow Lake, Minnesota, Sheehy was the son of a farmer. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1942–46, where he became a sergeant. After finishing his military service Sheehy earned a B.A. from Saint John's University in Collegeville, MN in 1950; an M.A. from the University of Minnesota in 1951; and a B.S. in Library Science from the University of Minnesota in 1952. Sheehy then started his career as a librarian. In 1952 Sheehy became an academic librarian at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. After one year, he left there to take a similar position at Columbia University. It was there under the tutelage of Constance Mabel Winchell that he began writing and editing reviews and indexes for reference materials. In 1967 Winchell retired and Sheehy took over as head of the reference department as well as head editor for the Guide to Reference Books.

## Sources

* Cheatham, Bertha M. "Reviews the Book 'Guide to Reference Books' edited by Eugene P. Sheehy." School Library Journal. 33.7. (March, 1987): 88.
* Galvin, Tom. "Review of The Guide to Reference Books by Eugene P. Sheehy." Library Journal. (September 15, 1968): 89.
* Harris, Robert R. "Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)." Library Journal. 101.22. (December 15, 1976): 2560.
* Plotnik, Art. "From Winchell's 8th to Sheehy's 9th." American Libraries. 8.3. (March, 1977): 129-133.
* Kieft, Robert. "When Reference Works Are Not Books: The New Edition of the Guide to Reference Books." Reference and User Services Quarterly. 41.4. (July, 2002): 330-335.
* Rubin, Richard E. Foundations of Library and Information Science. 2nd ed. New York City: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc, 2004.
* Sheehy, Eugene P. "Preface." Guide to Reference Books. 10th ed. Ed. Eugene P. Sheehy. Chicago: American Library Association, 1986. ix-xi.
* Washburn, Anne. "Guide to Reference Books (Book Review)." Library Journal. 105.13. (July 1, 1980): 1502.
# Düzova

Düzova can refer to:
* Düzova, Çınar
* the Turkish name for Exometochi
# Mark Cutler

Mark Cutler is a recording artist and singer-songwriter from Providence, Rhode Island. Mark Cutler has been the lead singer and songwriter for The Schemers, The Raindogs, and The Dino Club.
# Thomas Charles Baring

Thomas Charles Baring DL (16 May 1831 – 2 April 1891) was a British banker and Conservative Party politician.

## Life

Baring, informally called "T. C." or "Charley" to distinguish him from the other Thomases in the Baring family, was the son of the Right Reverend Charles Baring, Bishop of Durham, younger son of Sir Thomas Baring, 2nd Baronet. His mother was Mary Ursula, daughter of Charles Sealy. He was educated at Harrow and Wadham College, Oxford, before becoming a partner in the family firm of Baring Brothers & Co. In 1874 Baring gave £30,000 to enable Magdalen Hall in Oxford to be refounded as Hertford College, Oxford by means of an act of parliament. He entered Parliament for Essex South in 1874, a seat he held until 1885, and later represented the City of London from 1887 to 1891. Baring also served as a Justice of the Peace for Essex, Middlesex, London and Westminster, was a member of the Royal Commission on Loss of Life at Sea from 1885 to 1887, and the author of among other works Pindar in English Rhyme and The Scheme of Epicurus: A Rendering into English Verse of the Unfinished Poem of Lucretius Entitled, De Rerum Natura. With Barings facing bankruptcy following the Panic of 1890, he returned to business life to help reorganize the partnership as a limited liability company, and served as one of its Managing Directors until his death.
Baring married Susan, daughter of Robert Bowne Minturn, of New York City, in 1859. They had four sons and three daughters (of whom two sons never reached adulthood). He died in April 1891, aged 59. His wife survived him by six years and died in January 1897.
# Ronis-class submarine

The Ronis-class submarines were built for the Latvian Navy in France in 1925. They were acquired by the Soviets in 1940 following the annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union. They were scuttled in Liepāja in June 1941 as the Germans were about to capture the port. The hulls were raised in 1942 and scrapped.

## Design

The boats were small coastal submarines built to a French design (Loire-Simonet). Ronis means "seal" in the Latvian language, Spīdola is a character from the Latvian language poem Lāčplēsis. The submarines were 55.0 m (180 ft 5 in) long overall with a beam of 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) and a draught of 3.6 m (11 ft 10 in). The vessels of the class displaced 390 long tons (400 t) surfaced and 514 long tons (522 t) submerged. The submarines had a dived depth of 160 feet (49 m). They had a complement of 27 officers and ratings.
The Ronis-class submarines were propelled by two shafts driven by two Sulzer diesel engines for travel on the surface, rated at 1,300 brake horsepower (970 kW) and two electric motors 700 shaft horsepower (520 kW) for subsurface movement. The submarines had a maximum speed of 14 knots (26 km/h) surfaced and 9 knots (17 km/h) submerged. They were armed with six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes with two located in the bow, and four situated in two twin external turnable mounts. The Ronis class was also armed with one 75-millimetre (3 in) main deck gun and two 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine guns.

## Ships

| Ship | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| Ronis [lv] | Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes | 1925 | 1 July 1926 | 1927 | Scuttled 24 June 1941 |
| Spīdola [lv] | Ateliers et Chantiers Augustin Normand, Le Havre | 1925 | 6 October 1926 | 1927 | Scuttled 24 June 1941 |

## Service history

The two submarines were ordered in 1925 as part of the expansion of the nascent Latvian Navy which was first suggested in 1923. Constructed in France, the submarines were part of the navy's plan to guard Latvia's coastlines. With the onset of the Great Depression, the Latvian Navy comprised just the two submarines and two minesweepers acquired in the 1920s, although Latvia had planned to buy two more submarines of higher tonnage.
In 1940 Latvia was occupied by the Soviet Union and the Latvian Navy was incorporated into the Soviet Navy's Baltic Fleet in August 1940, retaining their original names. During World War II, the Ronis-class submarines participated in operations in the Baltic Sea.
Both submarines were sent to Liepāja in 1941 where they were scheduled to overhaul in July. However, with the Germans approaching the city, the Soviets were forced to blow up and scuttle the Ronis-class submarines on 24 June 1941 to prevent their capture. Liepāja was captured on 29 June by the Germans.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 4 5 Chesneau 1980, p. 353.
* ↑ Groos 2017, p. 42.
* 1 2 "Latvia and Estonia are building modern submarines". militaryheritagetourism.info. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
* ↑ Groos 2017, p. 144.
# Queenwood, Western Australia

Queenwood is a rural locality of the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup in the South West region of Western Australia. The Preston River and the Donnybrook–Boyup Brook Road run through the locality from east to west.
Queenwood and the Shire of Donnybrook–Balingup are located on the traditional land of the Wardandi people of the Noongar nation.
The locality is home to the heritage listed Queenwood Homestead, which dates back to 1890. At the time of its construction, it was part of a 10,000-acre (40 km$^2$) lease on the Preston River, with a substantial part of the land used for fruit growing.
Queenwood was once a siding on the Donnybrook–Katanning railway, but the railway line ceased operation in 1982. Queenwood's siding had a loading platform for fruit produced in the area. The location of the siding at Queenwood however was not seen as ideal by local settlers, who would have preferred a location at Charley Creek instead and petitioned for constructing one there in the 1920s, even being willing to cover some of the cost themselves. The main reason for the request was travel distances as it was claimed that the location of the siding at Queenwood only benefitted one farmer while it disadvantaged many others. Despite this, the Queenwood siding – which opened in 1913 – remained until 1977, when it was closed.
# Sandwich Class Housing Scheme

The Sandwich Class Housing Scheme was a scheme from the Hong Kong Housing Society offering apartments to middle-income families, i.e. sandwich class, at concessionary prices during the 1990s in Hong Kong. The purchases were subject to a five-year resale restriction. The first development, Tivoli Garden, was completed in 1995, and was followed by 12 other developments. In total, more than 12,000 units were offered.
Unlike Home Ownership Scheme and Flat-for-Sale Scheme, the owners under Sandwich Class Housing Scheme must pay a land premium before they can sell their flats in the free second-hand property market.

## Developments

The housing estates built under the scheme were: (number of apartments and year of completion into brackets)
* Park Belvedere (雅景臺), Ma On Shan (882 - 1998)
* Sunshine Grove (晴碧花園), Sha Tin (508 - 1998)
* The Pinnacle (叠翠軒), Tseung Kwan O (1,424 - 1999)
* Tivoli Garden (宏福花園), Tsing Yi (1,024 - 1995)
* Hibiscus Park (芊紅居), Kwai Chung (420 - 1998)
* Marina Habitat (悅海華庭), Ap Lei Chau (992 - 1998)
* Bel Air Heights (悅庭軒), Diamond Hill (798 - 1999)
* Cascades (欣圖軒), Ho Man Tin (712 - 1999)
* Highland Park (浩景臺), Kwai Chung (1,456 - 1999)
Three developments were converted into private properties for sale at full market values:
* Cayman Rise, Kennedy Town
* Radiant Towers (旭輝臺) Tseung Kwan O (704 - 1999)
* Mountain Shore, Ma On Shan (2002)
* Serenity Place, Tseung Kwan O (2003)
Land reallocated to Housing Authority:
* Proposed SCHC and Flat-for-Sale Scheme development in Area 103 of Tin Shui Wai (now Tin Ching Estate)

## Sales

Demand for Sandwich Class Housing apartments was generally high. For example, in 1996, the Hong Kong Housing Society received 6,520 applications for the sale of a batch of 1,696 units in Radiant Towers and Marina Habitat. This level of applications was a 40% increase in comparison to those for Park Belvedere and Tivoli Gardens, in 1995 and 1994 respectively.
In the case of several projects, following a Government policy to suspend the sale of the subsidized flats in September 2001, not all units were sold under the initial Sandwich Class Housing Scheme. These projects include: Marina Habitat, The Pinnacle, Highland Park and Cascades.
All units of Mountain Shore were initially sold within 9 hours in April 2002 at an average price of HK$2,900 per sq. ft.
# Eleutherodactylus acmonis

Eleutherodactylus acmonis is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Cuba. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.