OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Felicia gunillae

Felicia gunillae is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to Namibia.

## Distribution and habitat

F. gunillae is known only from two subpopulations growing on the west facing slope of Brandberg Mountain, below the summit at 2,000–2,650 m (6,560–8,690 ft) above sea level.

## Description

F. gunillae is a subshrub growing to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall. The stems are glandular and covered with coarse bristles. The leaves are spathulate to oblanceolate, measuring 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) by 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) with 5-7 large teeth along the edges. The leaves are arranged alternately and have large bristles underneath. The flowers are usually solitary, with strap-like ray florets that may be white, blue, or violet in colour.
# Nyssodrysternum laterale

Nyssodrysternum laterale is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Melzer in 1931.
# La Paloma, Rocha

La Paloma is a small city in the Rocha Department of southeastern Uruguay.

## Geography

The city is located on Km. 244 of Route 10 and on its junction with Route 15, on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of La Pedrera and 53 kilometres (33 mi) northeast of Faro José Ignacio of the Maldonado Department.

## History

It was founded on 1 September 1874. Its status was elevated to "Pueblo" (village) on 8 November 1939 by the Act of Ley Nº 9.888 and on 18 October 1982 to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 15.333. During the 1940s the resort was expanded according to plans designed by Juan Antonio Scasso.

## Places of worship

* Parish Church of Our Lady of the Pigeon (Roman Catholic)

## Population

In 2011 La Paloma had a population of 3,495 inhabitants and 4,633 dwellings.
| Year | Population | Dwellings |
| 1963 | 818 | 716 |
| 1975 | 1,389 | 1,297 |
| 1985 | 2,235 | 1,686 |
| 1996 | 3,084 | 2,814 |
| 2004 | 3,202 | 3,583 |
| 2011 | 3,495 | 4,633 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# Eugoa quadriplagiata

Eugoa quadriplagiata is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1915. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Edmund Wylde

Edmund Wylde or Edmund Wilde FRS (sometimes Edward Wilde) (10 October 1618 – 1695) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1646 to 1653.
Wylde was the son of Sir Edmund Wylde of Kempsey and his wife Dorothy Clarke, daughter of Sir Francis Clarke of Houghton Conquest, Bedfordshire. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 29 November 1635, aged 15. He was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1644. In 1646, Wylde was elected Member of Parliament for Droitwich as a recruiter for the Long Parliament. He was a commissioner for the Navy in 1650.
Wylde was a particular friend of William Petty and is described as a "great fautor (favourer] of ingenious men for merit's sake". Wylde became a Fellow of the Royal Society on 20 May 1663. He claimed to have a method of softening steel without the use of fire, but refused to demonstrate it because he considered it a secret.
There is no record of marriage or (legitimate) children. He is reported to have died in 1695 at his residence in Glazeley, Shropshire aged 77. His 8-page will asked for burial in the chancel at Glazeley (where he was buried on 7 January 1695/1696), leaving property in London, manors in Essex, Norfolk, Bedfordshire, Worcestershire and Shropshire and 5 bullaries in Droitwich to his kinsman Robert Wylde (the elder) of The Commandery and his lawful heirs male — in the event Thomas Wylde later MP for Worcester. A number of pages of this will are concerned with provision for Mrs Jane Smith als Pike "now living with me for some years". She was to receive in addition to £2000 cash all his most personal possessions, gold, silver, prints, pictures, library etc. and "the house in which I now live in the Great Square Buildings in Bloomsbury in the parish of St Giles-in-the-Fields Middlesex formerly leased to my late uncle George Wylde of Gressenhall Norfolk". His executors are asked to display his coat of arms on the front of the house while she lives there.
# Protection of the varieties of Chinese

Protection of the varieties of Chinese (Chinese: 保护方言) refers to efforts to protect the continued existence of the varieties of Chinese in mainland China and other Sinophone regions, amid pressure to abandon their use, usually in favor of Standard Chinese. The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China has proclaimed to be taking active measures to protect ten varieties of Chinese. However, a large majority of the citizens of China speak a dialect of Mandarin Chinese, a standardized form of which has been enforced and promoted by the government of China for the last sixty years. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China calls on the government to promote Standard Chinese as the common tongue of the nation, but this policy has caused conflict to a certain extent with plans to preserve local varieties of Chinese. Education and media programming in varieties of Chinese other than Mandarin have been discouraged by the governments of the People's Republic of China, Singapore, and Taiwan. Teaching the varieties of Chinese to non-native speakers is discouraged by the laws of the People's Republic of China in favor of Putonghua. The Guangdong National Language Regulations were passed by the Guangdong provincial government in 2012 to promote the use of Standard Chinese in broadcast and print media at the expense of the local standard Cantonese and other related dialects. It has been labelled "pro-Mandarin, anti-Yue" legislation.
For forty years following the arrival of the Kuomintang (KMT) government in Taiwan, the Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Taiwan aboriginal languages were suppressed by the government in favor of Mandarin Chinese, until the mid-1990s.

## By variety
### Min Nan

In June 2007, China created a zone for the protection of Min Nan culture, the first of its kind in mainland China. In March 2010, eighteen elementary schools and ten kindergartens in Xiamen became Min Nan study centers, complete with Min Nan educational materials, including training in pronunciation, colloquialisms and history. On March 5, 2011, the Xiamen Experimental Elementary School implemented the "Min Nan Day" activity, encouraging students to study Min Nan culture.

### In Taiwan

The native language of many inhabitants of the Matsu Islands of Taiwan is the Matsu dialect, which is one of the statutory languages for public transport announcements in the county. It has been compulsory in primary schools in the area since 2017.
In an amendment to Article 14 of the Enforcement Rules of the Passport Act (護照條例施行細則) passed on August 9, 2019, the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Taiwanese can use the romanized spellings of their names in Hoklo, Hakka and aboriginal languages for their passports. Previously, only Mandarin Chinese names could be romanized. Since 2017, Taiwanese language classes have been compulsory in all primary schools except those in predominantly Hakka or Aboriginal areas and the Matsu islands.
# Michaelshaffera

Michaelshaffera is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Maria Alma Solis in 1998.

## Species

* Michaelshaffera beckeri Solis, 1998
* Michaelshaffera maidoa (Schaus, 1922)
# Demilitarization Protective Ensemble

The Demilitarization Protective Ensemble (DPE) is a heat-sealed, one-time-use positive pressure personnel suit.
These airtight suits are used by the U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency to provide the highest level of protection against chemical agent exposure for workers accessing areas of chemical weapon disposal plants where chemical weapons are disassembled and the agent destroyed. Workers at Pine Bluff Chemical Agent Disposal Facility and other disposal sites have successfully completed tens of thousands of entries into these areas wearing DPE suits.
With supporting equipment, the suit weighs about 50 pounds. Donning the suit takes between 30 and 45 minutes, with the assistance of a team of dressers.
The suit's primary air supply comes through a hose connection to purified air; a self-contained breathing apparatus provides 8 to 10 minutes of escape air in case the primary supply is disrupted. A heart monitor around the wearer's chest checks for signs of distress.
The suit's gloves have three layers, with thick butyl rubber gloves as the top layer, and the feet of the one-piece suit slip into butyl rubber boots that are then sealed to the suit.
A radio transmitter provides contact with emergency backup personnel, the control room and other support staff.
# Reverser

Reverser may refer to:
* Thrust reverser
* Reversing gear, often called a reverser, controls the valves on a steam engine
* Reverser handle, an operating lever for a locomotive
# Numancia de la Sagra

Numancia de la Sagra is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2021 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 5,170 inhabitants.
Originally named Azaña (from medieval Latin Façania), it was captured by the Numancia regiment in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War, and was renamed by the Francoist regime to remove the association with the Republican president Manuel Azaña.
# County of Malmesbury

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
County of Malmesbury was one of the five counties in the Northern Territory which are part of the Lands administrative divisions of Australia.
This County, in the Daly River area, lapsed with the passage in 1976 and assent of the Crown Lands Ordinance 1976 (No 1 of 1977) and the Crown Lands (Validation of Proclamations) Ordinance 1976 (No.2 of 1977).

## Description

The County was named after James H. Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury (1807 - 1889) Foreign Secretary under Lord Derby in 1852. The South Australian administration named the Counties of Malmesbury and Rosebery on 16 July 1885 at a time when these two statesmen were prominent in the British Parliament and early developments were occurring on the Daly River and in the Pine Creek mining area of the Territory.

## Constituent hundreds
### Hundred of Berinka

The Hundred of Berinka (13°40′30″S 130°26′24″E﻿ / ﻿13.675°S 130.44°E﻿ / -13.675; 130.44﻿ (Hundred of Berinka)) was gazetted in July 1885 and was extended in October 1913.

### Hundred of Hawkshaw

The Hundred of Hawkshaw (13°36′00″S 130°30′52″E﻿ / ﻿13.6°S 130.5145°E﻿ / -13.6; 130.5145﻿ (Hundred of Hawkshaw)) was gazetted on 16 July 1885 and was extended in October 1913. The Hundred was roughly ten miles by ten miles in keeping with the colonial policy of forming 100 square mile units.
# La Paloma, Argentina

La Paloma is a city in Chaco Province, Argentina.
# Eupithecia falkenbergi

Eupithecia falkenbergi is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Bhutan.
# Elizabeth Monroe (historian)

Elizabeth Monroe CMG (16 January 1905 – 10 March 1986) was an English historian of South-west Asia.
Monroe was appointed Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George in the 1973 New Year Honours for "services to Middle East studies".

## Works

* (with A. H. M. Jones) A History of Abyssinia (1935)
* The Mediterranean in Politics (1938)
* "British Interests in the Middle East" (1948)
* Britain's Moment in the Middle East, 1914-1956 (1963)
* Philby of Arabia (1973)
# Eva Prytz

Eva Prytz (20 April 1917 – 16 December 1987) was a Norwegian opera soprano.
She was born in Oslo, but took her education in Stockholm, studying under Andrejewa de Skilondz. She was employed by the Royal Swedish Theatre from 1946 to 1967 and also held concerts in Oslo and several other European cities. She received several decorations, including the Order of Vasa and the St. Olav's Medal.
# Coleus graveolens

Coleus graveolens, synonym Plectranthus graveolens, is a shrub in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.
# Crawford (film)

Crawford is a 2008 documentary film about Crawford, Texas, and the impact of President George W. Bush having relocated to the town shortly after announcing his nomination for the 2000 presidential election. The film spans nearly the entirety of Bush's presidency, from 1999 to mid-2008. Crawford was directed by David Modigliani and distributed by B-Side Entertainment.
On October 7, 2008, the complete film was made available for free on the video website Hulu and was billed as the site's "first movie premiere."

## Reviews

On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 100% based on reviews from 5 critics.
It won the 2008 San Antonio Film Festival Auteur Award. It also won the Austin Award at the Austin Film Critics Association Awards 2008.
# Reverser handle

A reverser handle is an operating control for a railroad locomotive that is used to determine the direction of travel. The reverser usually has three positions: forward, reverse, and neutral.

## Operation

When the reverser is in the forward or reverse position, the locomotive will move in the indicated direction when the throttle is opened. Removing the reverser handle from the control stand in the neutral position locks the throttle controller, effectively disabling the locomotive. The reverser lever is sometimes referred to as a "railroad key."

## History

A reversing mechanism of some type has been present on locomotives almost since inception. The reversing lever on a steam locomotive is sometimes called a Johnson Bar. The style of reverser used on internal combustion locomotives has been in use since at least the early 1900s but as late as 1996 patented improvements have been made to the design and operation.
# Santo Stefano, Assisi

The church of Santo Stefano (Saint Stephen) is a medieval church of Assisi, in central Italy.

## Architecture

The building, in Romanesque style, was erected perhaps as early as the mid-eleventh century, although most sources date it to the mid-twelfth. The first time it is mentioned in existing documents is 1229, and at least by 1275 had been elevated to the status of a parish church.
The architecture, being very early, is typically rustic Umbrian and is characterized by simple lines. Like other churches in the town, the façade and the walls were left mostly without decoration. A small niche was added to the façade in the early fourteenth century and once contained a fresco of angels that is now very faded. It is also clear that at some point the doorway was rebuilt, since its original form was rounded, and now the arch is ogival in shape. There is a small bell gable attached to the rear exterior of the church.
The interior, which has maintained much of the original medieval appearance, has a single nave with Gothic arches, small windows and a wooden ceiling. There are remains of two frescoes in the church. One, by a Giottesque painter, depicts the Madonna with Saints Francis and Stephen, and the other is a crucifixion scene.

## Franciscan legend

According to a Franciscan tradition, the bells of the ancient church were heard to ring of their own accord at the moment of the death of St. Francis, which occurred at the hour of Vespers on October 3, 1226.

## Sources and references
### Sources

* Troiano, G.; A. Pompei. Guida illustrata di Assisi. Terni: Casa Editrice Francescana.
* Santini, L. Assisi. Narni-Terni: Plurigraf.
# Craig Ramage

Craig Ramage (born 30 March 1970) is a former footballer who played in midfield for six clubs.

## Playing career

Born in Derby, Ramage started his career in his hometown as a trainee with Derby County. He played 42 games scoring four goals at Derby, during which time he also spent a short period on loan at Wigan Athletic.
In 1994, he made a £90,000 move to Watford. Ramage was a big hit at Vicarage Road and he finished just one game short of 100 starts. He was also a prolific scorer, and he netted 27 times in his 104 appearances. He spent a month on loan at Peterborough United in 1997 before he moved at the end of the season to Bradford City.
Ramage's time at City was a tough one. He was suspended for the start of the season and it was not until the seventh game against Middlesbrough he made his full debut. He made a total of 32 appearances but scored just once in the final game of the season as City lost 3–1 to Portsmouth.
Ramage was limited to just three substitute appearances in 1998-99 as Bradford earned promotion to the Premier League. It was little surprise that Ramage left during the summer to join Notts County where he started 50 games in three seasons.

## Radio career

He worked as a commentator for BBC Radio Derby on Derby County matches, but was dropped by the BBC after he said in February 2020 that the "young black lads" in the Derby team (Max Lowe and Jayden Bogle) should "go back to basics, working hard".
# Drangong, Taktakan

Drangong is an administrative village or kelurahan in the district of Taktakan, Indonesia. The village has an area of 5.61 km$^2$ and a population of approximately 19 thousands, making it the most populous village in the district.
The Jakarta–Merak Toll Road which connects Jakarta and Port of Merak can be accessed from the village at the Serang Barat Toll Gate.
# Euromarché

Euromarché (Euromarket) was a French hypermarket chain. The first store opened in 1968 in Saint-Michel-sur-Orge. In June 1991, the group was rebought by its rival, Carrefour, for 5,2 billion francs.
In June 1991, there were 77 Euromarché hypermarkets, 47 DIY stores Bricorama, and 57 cafétérias Eris. Sandra Mackey, author of The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom, said in 1987 that it was "the French equivalent of K-Mart."

## History

In April 1981, Euromarché opened its first store in Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, and is the last Euromarché that exists today.
A store opened in Telheiras in 1990.
Until 2009 there was also a Euromarché store in Fort-de-France in Martinique when it changed to a Carrefour hypermarket.
# Crayon Angel: A Tribute to the Music of Judee Sill

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Pitchfork | (6.0/10.0) link |
Crayon Angel: A Tribute To The Music of Judee Sill is a tribute album to Judee Sill released in 2009.

## Track listing

* Ron Sexsmith - "Crayon Angel"
* Beth Orton - "Reach for the Sky"
* Daniel Rossen - "Waterfall"
* Frida Hyvönen - "Jesus Was a Cross Maker"
* Shalants - "Lopin Along Thru the Cosmos"
* Final Fantasy - "The Donor"
* Nicolai Dunger -"Soldier of the Heart"
* Trembling Blue Stars - "Lady-O"
* Colossal Yes - "The Phoenix"
* Marissa Nadler & Black Hole Infinity - "The Kiss"
* Princeton -"Down Where the Valleys Are Low"
* The Bye Bye Blackbirds - "There's a Rugged Road"
* Meg Baird - "When the Bridegroom Comes"
* Bill Callahan - "For a Rainbow"
* P.G. Six - "Til Dreams Come True"
# Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures

The Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures (EWIC) is a reference work on gender studies and the Islamic world. The EWIC project was founded by Suad Joseph who is its general editor. EWIC is aimed at becoming "an essential reference work for students and researchers in the fields of gender studies, Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, as well as scholars of religion, history, politics, anthropology, geography and related disciplines." EWIC examines the experiences of Muslim women globally as well as non-Muslim women in Islamic societies.
The encyclopedia consists of six volumes in English and is the result of collaboration of over 1,000 scholars from around the world. The EWIC print version was published between 2003 and 2007, and includes 1,246 articles written by over one thousand scholars from around the world, covering 410 topics. EWIC is also available as a digital, searchable database EWIC Online: Brill that includes all six EWIC print volumes, as well as two annual online supplements, adding 50 to 60 scholarly articles to the index each year.
EWIC is the only encyclopedia that brings together research on women and Islamic cultures, in all humanities and social sciences disciplines, covering all topics for which scholarship can be found. EWIC works to survey all facets of life (art, music, literature, languages, film, dance, folklore, religious thought and practices, family systems, education, politics, economy, science, health, environment, and so forth) of women in cultures where Islam has played a significant role. EWIC challenges the misrepresentation of women in Islamic societies and Muslim women around the world by publishing rigorous, original evidence-based research that is historically and culturally situated, and making it all available as an accessible digital resource.
# Moskalyev SAM-13

The Moskalyev SAM-13 (Russian: Москалев САМ-13) was a prototype twin-engined single-seat low-wing fighter built in the Soviet Union in the 1930s.

## Design and development

The design of the SAM-13 followed similar principles to that of the Fokker D.XXIII: to build a lightweight twin-engined fighter with benign single-engined flying characteristics. Moskalyev's design could well have been influenced directly by the D.XXIII, which had been exhibited at the 1938 Paris Salon, differing mainly in size.
The SAM-13 was built largely from wood, with steel fittings in high stress areas and welded steel-tube engine mounts. It was powered by two 220 hp (160 kW) Voronezh MV-6 6-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted in-line engines mounted at the front and rear of the fuselage nacelle, driving 2-bladed, variable pitch propellers.
The sharply tapered wings supported tail-booms which in turn supported the tailplane, elevators, single centrally-mounted fin and rudder. The wings also housed the retractable main undercarriage units which retracted inwards. The nose undercarriage was attached to the front engine mounting and retracted rearwards.
Armament of the SAM-13 was intended to be 4x 7.62 mm (0.30 in) ShKAS machine-guns: two in the fuselage top decking firing through the propeller disc, and one at each end of the wing centre-section.

## Operational history

First flown in 1940 by Nikolay D Fikson, the SAM-13 proved difficult to handle, requiring long runs to take off and land, with poor climb performance and low ceiling.
After the first flight and subsequent tests, the poor flying qualities of the SAM-13 were being addressed when the Germans invaded during Operation Barbarossa. By Spring 1941 the SAM-13 was undergoing tests at LII, piloted by Mark L Gallai, even being entered for a summer air race. All flying ceased after the German invasion, which prompted destruction of the aircraft.

## Specifications (SAM-13)

Data from Soviet X-Planes
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.85 m (25 ft 9 in)
* Wingspan: 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
* Wing area: 9 m$^2$ (97 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 754 kg (1,662 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,183 kg (2,608 lb)
* Powerplant: 2 × Voronezh MV-6 6-cylinder air-cooled inverted in-line engines, 160 kW (220 hp) each
* Propellers: 2-bladed variable-pitch propellers, 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 463 km/h (288 mph, 250 kn) at sea level; 680 km/h (420 mph; 370 kn) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) (estimated)
* Landing speed: 125 km/h (78 mph; 67 kn)
* Range: 1,370 km (850 mi, 740 nmi) estimated
* Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft) estimated
* Wing loading: 131 kg/m$^2$ (27 lb/sq ft)
* Power/mass: 0.37 kW/kg (0.169 hp/lb)
Armament
* 4x 7.62 mm (0.300 in) ShKAS machine-guns
# Reverse breathing

Reverse breathing (also reverse abdominal breathing or Taoist breathing) is a breathing technique associated with qigong and martial arts. It consists of compressing the abdomen while inhaling through the mouth, and expanding it while exhaling through the nose. Practitioners believe that consciously controlling this movement in a way opposite to normal breathing can build up qi for various applications.

## Uses

The technique is practiced in martial arts including baguazhang, tai chi and other styles of kung fu. Expanding the abdomen while delivering a technique (e.g. punch) can also protect the inner organs from a received counterattack.