OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chronic Poverty Research Centre

The Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC) was a British international partnership of universities, research institutes, and NGOs established in 2000 with initial funding from the UK's Department for International Development. It was established with initial funding from the UK's Department for International Development (DFID).
The partnership laid out a programme which ran for 10 years and ended in 2011.
CPRC aimed to focus attention on chronic poverty, stimulate national and international debate, deepen understanding of the causes of chronic poverty, and provide research, analysis, and policy guidance that will contribute to its reduction. The distinguishing feature of chronic poverty is its extended duration. CPRC uses chronic poverty to describe extreme poverty that persists for a long time - many years, an entire life, or even across generations. People in chronic poverty are those who have benefited least from economic growth and development. The chronically poor are commonly deprived across multiple dimensions. Combinations of capability deprivation, low levels of material assets and socio-political marginality keep them poor over long periods. Addressing chronic poverty is integral to the Millennium Development Goals and poverty eradication.
Gordon Brown and Hilary Benn launched the first Chronic Poverty Report in May 2004. A second report was completed in 2009.

## Chronic Poverty Advisory Network

The work of the CPRC programme led to the creation of the Chronic Poverty Advisory Network (CPAN). CPAN is a network of researchers, policy makers and practitioners across 17 countries which looks at tackling chronic poverty; it is hosted at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in Brighton, after 11 years with the Overseas Development Institute.
CPAN released a report on Pandemic Poverty in 2023.
In 2023, the Director of CPAN was Andrew Shepherd.
# Double Klondike

Double Solitaire is a two-player variant on the best-known patience or solitaire card game called Klondike. While it is mostly referred to as Double Solitaire, it is sometimes called Double Klondike (a name which also doubles as an alternate designation of the single-player solitaire game Gargantua). Games with more players (Triple Solitaire, Quadruple Solitaire, etc.) are also possible.
As the name suggests, Double Klondike is a two-player game, and is played with two full packs of playing cards, minus the Jokers; for the purpose of Double Klondike, the cards should be of the same size, but each pack's cards should be distinguishable from the other packs in some way, such as a different font style on the cards' faces or different backing designs for each pack.

## How to play

Seated facing one another, each player sets up a typical Klondike layout, with one difference: the two players share a communal foundation area in the space between the two layouts. The communal foundation will have eight potential stacks, two for each pair of suits from the two decks.
Each person plays their own layout as per Klondike rules, but with three-turn and unlimited-pass options applying to both players. Foundations are started and built up by suit as usual, except that there are two potential stacks for each suit. Players may build up on any foundation stack of the correct suit, whether or not that player started the stack or which player's cards are in the stack. Players may need to move fast when starting a new stack in order to build on it; for example, if both players have a Two of Hearts available to play, one player who is about to begin a foundation stack with the Ace of Hearts would need to act quickly to place the Ace and then place his Two before the other player places her Two first. Thus, a foundation stack might have any combination of both players' cards. The game is over when both players have no legal moves left. The cards in the foundation stacks are then sorted according by deck of origin, and the number of cards from each deck are counted. The winner of the game is the player with the highest number of cards in the foundation stacks at the end of the game.
A number of informal playing conditions are usually agreed for competitive play:
* Players must hold the deck in one hand and use the other hand to make all moves, making it harder to add two consecutive cards to a foundation stack unchallenged.
* Cards must be placed on to foundation stacks one at a time, and no 'throwing' of cards is permitted
* If two or more players try to place a card on the same foundation stack then the first card to be so placed wins and losing players have to take their card back.
* Players may not move partial stacks (so a sequence of red eight, black seven, red six can be moved onto a black nine, but the red six cannot be moved by itself onto another black seven).

## Variations

Russian Bank, also called Crapette, is a two player game that is a more complex derivative of Double Solitaire.
Versions of Russian Bank have been produced commercially by Mattel and Hasbro under the names Skip-Bo and Spite and Malice.
# Renée Hudon

Renée Hudon (14 June 1942 – 20 September 2023) was a Canadian radio-television journalist and academic.
Her career at Télévision de Radio-Canada lasted for more than 40 years. She also worked in theatre and produced literary works. Her contributions to the French language earned her many awards and honors.

## Biography

Born in Quebec City on 14 June 1942, Hudon attended the Conservatoire Francis-Sinval at a young age, where she learned ballet and diction. She studied dramatic art at the Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Québec [fr]. She then studied teaching at the Université Laval.

## Career

At the age of 10, Hudon held a role in the Alfred Hitchcock movie I Confess, which was the first Hollywood movie filmed in Quebec and gave her the opportunity to visit Los Angeles in October 1952. In 1962, Hudon started a career in radio and television. She first appeared on the small screen for Télé-4, a channel owned by Radio-Canada. In 1964, she married Michel Auger, with whom she had two children: Valérie and Eric. She then worked as a news reader, an interviewer, and host for multiple radio shows on cultural and public affairs for more than 40 years. On television as well as radio, she directed numerous interviews with actors, directors, singers, writers, and orchestra conductors, the likes of which included Charles Aznavour, Georges Brassens, Juliette Gréco, Juliette Gréco, Yves Montand, Philippe Noiret, Charles Trenet, Jean-Louis Trintignant.
In addition to her radio and television career, Hudon also worked in the field of teaching public communication. She worked as a professor at the Collège des animateurs radio télévision and the École de diction et de communication orale. In 2004, she co-founded the oral public communications training company, Renée Hudon Parole Publique with her daughter. She also taught at Université Laval. In addition to teaching, she acted in several films and plays. In 2012, she was admitted to the Académie des Grands Québécois [fr]. Later in life, she married Sovietologist Henri Dorion [fr], the son of former Secretary of State Noël Dorion.
Renée Hudon died in Quebec City on 20 September 2023, at the age of 81.

## Theatre

* Les Belles-sœurs
* Dialogues of the Carmelites
* Topaze
* Histoire des femmes

## Filmography

* I Confess (1952)
* The Confessional (1995)

## Literary works

* Jeanne à jamais (2004)
* À qui la petite fille? (2010)

## Podcasts

* Les secrets de famille de Renée Hudon (2019)
# Ebba Maria De la Gardie

Ebba Maria De la Gardie (1657–1697) was a Swedish poet and singer.
She was the daughter of count Pontus Fredrik De la Gardie and Beata Elisabet von Königsmarck, the sister of Johanna Eleonora De la Gardie and the cousin of Amalia Wilhelmina Königsmarck and Maria Aurora Königsmarck. She was a favorite of the Swedish Queen, Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark. She was active as a poet at the royal court and was given much attention by her contemporaries.
She participated at the amateur theatre of the royal court encouraged by the queen, Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark. In the winter of 1683-84, a group of female courtiers performed the Swedish premier of Iphigénie by Racine at court. In the play, Johanna Eleonora De la Gardie acted in the part of Iphigenie, Amalia Königsmarck as Achilles, Aurora Königsmarck as Clitemnestre, Augusta Wrangel as Agamemnon, and Ebba Maria De la Gardie as Eriphile. This is regarded as a significant event as the first play performed by an all female cast in Sweden, as an introduction of French Classicism in Sweden.
# David Epstein

David Epstein may refer to:
* David Epstein (conductor) (1931–2002), composer, conductor and music scientist at MIT
* David B. A. Epstein (born 1937), British mathematician
* David Epstein (journalist), American science writer
* David Epstein (Australia) (born 1963), Australian public affairs specialist
* David Epstein (gangster), former member of Epstein–Wolmark divorce-gang
* David G. Epstein, professor at the University of Richmond School of Law and bankruptcy expert
# Charlotte Kasl

Charlotte Sophia Kasl, (née Davis, AKA Charlotte Davis Kasl) (1938–2021) was a U.S. psychologist and author.

## Life and work

Born Charlotte Davis on August 19, 1938, in Missoula, Montana, her parents were Mary Shope and Kenneth Pickett Davis. From an early age she showed a talent for piano and at age 17 she was teaching four of her own students. At the University of Michigan she earned her BA in Music and MA in Piano. She pursued piano studies for many years before becoming disillusioned with "the prospects of a music career in a department steeped in patriarchy."
Now using her married name Charlotte Kasl, she began studying psychology and in 1982, received her PhD in Counseling at Ohio University, which allowed her to "merge her deep and profound interests in complex family dynamics and relationships with the cultural context of feminism and sexual politics."
She pioneered the 16-Steps for Discovery and Empowerment as an alternative to the Twelve-step program for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems.
She wrote several books based on some aspects of Sufi, Quaker, and Buddhist spiritual beliefs and traditions.
Lifetime Achievement Award, the National Council on Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 1997.

## Selected works

* Women, Sex, and Addiction: A Search for Love and Power, 1990. ISBN 978-0-06-097321-6
* Many Roads, One Journey: Moving Beyond the 12 Steps, 1992. ISBN 978-0-06-096518-1
* Finding Joy: 101 Ways to free Your Spirit, 1994. ISBN 978-0-06-092588-8
* Yes, You Can!: A Guide to Empowerment Groups, 1995. ISBN 978-0-9644520-0-8
* A Home for the Heart: A Practical Guide to Intimate and Social relationships, 1998. ISBN 978-0-06-092919-0
* If the Buddha Dated: A Handbook for Finding Love on a Spiritual Path, 1999. ISBN 978-0-14-019583-5
* If the Buddha Married: Creating Enduring Relationships on a Spiritual Path, 2001. ISBN 978-0-14-019622-1
* If the Buddha Got Stuck: A Handbook for Change on a Spiritual Path, 2005. ISBN 978-0-14-219628-1
* Zen and the Art of a Happier Life, 2005. ISBN 978-0-553-81495-8
* If the Buddha Had Kids: Raising Children to Create a More Peaceful World, 2012. ISBN 978-0-14-311631-8
# Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art

The "Łaźnia" Centre for Contemporary Art is a municipal cultural institution and art gallery in the Dolne Miasto district of Gdańsk, Poland, located in the abandoned municipal bathhouse. The word "łaźnia" means "bathhouse" in Polish.

## History of the building

The municipal bathhouse was built in 1905, including recreational and sports facilities (a three-storey brick building with a basement, 2 floors, an attic and a partial cellar). In the original building there were shower units, bath rooms and sanitary rooms and on the second floor there was a gym. The building performed its function from the end of World War II up to the 1970s. In the latter period the building was converted into a ‘Location for Sanitary Procedures’ used by the Civil defence. In reality it was a place for deactivation of personal radioactive contamination for the Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant. In 1987 the bathhouse was put out of operation due to a poor technical condition and scheduled for a complete renovation. In 1989 renovation was stopped due to the lack of funds. The building was left empty and fell into gradual ruin.

## History of the art centre

First exhibitions in the building of the bathhouse took place in 1992 on the initiative of students of the Academy of Fine Arts (pl:Akademia Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku) and artists associated with the Wyspa Gallery. At the same time artists attempted to create there a permanent institution for presentation of contemporary art. After various changes of concepts the institution was founded in 1998, according to the project of art critic Aneta Szyłak and professor of the Acacdemy of Fine Arts Grzegorz Klaman as the Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art and received financing from the city budget.
The directors of Laznia were Aneta Szyłak (1998-2001), Małgorzata Lisiewicz (2001-2003), Jadwiga Charzyńska (2003-current).

## Exhibitions

* "Public (Re)Collections" (in Polish)

## Łaźnia II

"Łaźnia II" is an extension of Łaźnia CCA, established as part of the district revitalization program in the Novy Port district of Gdansk. It is also to be located in a former bathhouse, by 5 Dockers' Strike Street.
# Chauncey Kirby

Chauncey Thomas Kirby (October 15, 1871 – October 23, 1950) was a Canadian ice hockey player in the 1890s for the Ottawa Hockey Club of the Ontario Hockey Association and Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC). He was a member of the three-time Ottawa champions from 1891 to 1893. He played in the original Stanley Cup playoff Final in 1894, and scored the contest's first goal. His brother Halder also played for the club. He was part of two Stanley Cups with the Ottawa club in 1903 and 1904 as a Director.

## Personal life

Kirby was born in Ottawa in 1871, the second-youngest of seven children born to Thomas Halder and Mary Kirby (née Graham), British/Irish immigrants to Canada. There were four boys, Chauncey, Halder, Richmond and Lincoln (died in infancy) and three girls, Elizabeth, Emma and Laura. Thomas is listed in the 1872 census as a bank manager, and in the 1881 census as a city foreman.

## Career

Chauncey Kirby joined the Ottawa HC in 1890 and played six seasons for the club, and was elected captain for the 1895–96 season. He played again for the club in 1898-99 before retiring. He became a referee after retiring. He would be the referee of record for the 1908 Stanley Cup challenge between the Winnipeg Maple Leafs and the Montreal Wanderers.
# Dave Gross

Dave Gross (/ɡroʊs/) is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.
He is also a magazine editor, and has held the position of Editor-in-Chief at Star Wars Insider and at Amazing Stories.

## Career

Dave Gross, Michael Mikaelian, and Vic Wertz managed the Star Wars Insider magazine after Paizo Publishing gained the magazine publishing license from Wizards of the Coast in 2002.$^{:206}$ Paizo began their Pathfinder Tales line with the novel Prince of Wolves (2010) by Gross.$^{:227}$ Other novels by Gross in the line include Master of Devils, Queen of Thorns, King of Chaos, and Lord of Runes.
Gross came to work at Beamdog as lead writer for Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition in 2012.
His novels include Forgotten Realms: Black Wolf (2001), and Lord of Stormweather (2003).
# Štefan Beniač

Štefan Beniač KC*HS, born Benyács (* 27 March 1869, Žilina – † 21 February 1942, Spišská Sobota) was a Slovak priest, preacher and publicist. Until 1918, he used the pseudonym Csacai (slovak: Čadčiansky).

## Biography

Štefan Beniač was born in Žilina to his parents Štefan (butcher in Žilina) and Juliana (born Piovarči). He studied in Nitra. After study he became a chaplain in Raková (Kysuce region) and Rosina. From 1902 until 1920 he was a parish priest in Čadca. Beniač was a shareholder in Textile factory in Čadca. Shareholders of this factory made him the reason for the bankruptcy of the factory after the World War I. As a result of these events, he retired in 1920 and left Čadca. He lived in Budapest (Hungary) since then and he died on February 21, 1942, in Spišská Sobota. He was buried at the cemetery in Žilina. Štefan Beniač was a publisher for many ecclesiastical newspapers.

## Honours and awards

* Benemerenti Medal awarded in 1902 by Pope Leo XIII.
* Order of the Holy Sepulchre, „Grand Officier“ – KC*HS
* Papal count
# Equine encephalitis

Equine encephalitis is a family of horse diseases that also affect humans. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Several forms of viral encephalitis can infect equines, and these include:
* Eastern equine encephalitis virus
* Japanese encephalitis virus
* Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
* Western equine encephalitis virus
* West Nile virus
# Quintin Borders

Quintin Lee Borders (born February 7, 1988) is a former American football left tackle for Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football for Union College.

## Early years

Borders attended Bryan Station High School in Lexington, Kentucky. He played left tackle and defensive end. He also played on his high school track team.

## College career

Borders was redshirted in 2006 at the University of Colorado. Borders transferred at the end of his freshman year to Union College in Barbourville Kentucky. He started all four years at Union College anchoring the offensive line.
In 2009 he became the first Mid-South Conference East offensive lineman to be named Offensive Player of the Year.

## Professional career
### 2011 NFL Combine

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | 320 lb (145 kg) | 74 in (1.88 m) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 4.92 s | 31 in (0.79 m) | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) | 26 reps |

### Tampa Bay Buccaneers

The Tampa Bay Buccaneers waived Borders in July 2013.

## Personal

Borders is the son of Thomas Riley and Phyillis Borders.
# Capital punishment in Illinois

Capital punishment has been repealed in the U.S. state of Illinois since 2011.
Illinois used death by hanging as a form of execution until 1928. The last person executed by this method was the public execution of Charles Birger the same year. After being struck down by Furman v. Georgia in 1972, the death penalty was reinstated in Illinois on July 1, 1974, but voided by the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1975. Illinois officially reinstated the death penalty on July 1, 1977.
On September 8, 1983, the state adopted lethal injection as the default method of execution in Illinois, but the electric chair remained operational to replace lethal injection if needed.
In 1994, the state executed serial killer John Wayne Gacy by lethal injection, who sexually assaulted, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men between 1972 and 1978 in Cook County (a part of metropolitan Chicago). The last man executed in Illinois was Ripper Crew member Andrew Kokoraleis in 1999. Another man condemned in Illinois, Alton Coleman, was executed in Ohio.
On January 11, 2003, the Republican Governor George Ryan blanket-commuted the sentences of all the 167 inmates condemned to death, and pardoned four of them, a gesture that his opponents attribute to the fact that he was rendered ineligible by his unpopularity and charged with conspiracy, racketeering and fraud.
Democratic Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation on March 9, 2011, to abolish the death penalty in Illinois to go into effect July 1, 2011, and commuted the death sentences of the fifteen inmates on Illinois' death row to life imprisonment. Quinn was criticized for signing the bill after saying that he supported the death penalty during the 2010 gubernatorial campaign, after which he defeated the Republican candidate with 46.8% of the vote.
In 2018, then Republican Governor Bruce Rauner called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for those convicted of killing police officers. This was opposed by state lawmakers and Rauner was subsequently defeated by Democrat J. B. Pritzker.
# Vaughn House

Vaughn House may refer to:
* Vaughn House (Little Rock, Arkansas), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Little Rock, Arkansas]
* Iredell P. Vaughn House, Eutaw, Alabama, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
* Robert Vaughn Homestead, Vaughn, Montana, listed on the NRHP in Montana
* Richard Vaughn Farm, Brecksville, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Ohio
* Daniel Vaughn Homestead, Lake Milton, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Ohio
* Andrew C. Vaughn House, Franklin, Tennessee, NRHP-listed
# Jungnang station

Jungnang Station is a station on the Gyeongui–Jungang Line and the Gyeongchun Line. This station was given this name because the Jungnang River, a tributary of the Han River, flows to the west of this station, and also because it is located in the Jungnang-gu district.
vteSeoul Metropolitan Subway :
* This Seoul Metropolitan Subway station article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Edward Pickersgill

Edward Hare Pickersgill (1850 – 13 October 1911) was an English Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1911.

## Biography

Pickersgill was the son of Thomas Pickersgill, an architect of York. He was educated at York Grammar School before entering employment at age 18 as a clerk in Savings Bank Department of the Post Office, remaining there until 1885. He graduated with a B.A. from London University in 1872 and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1884, and practiced as a Treasury counsel at the Old Bailey.
At the 1885 general election Pickersgill was elected Member of Parliament for Bethnal Green South West. He was regarded as being on the Radical wing of the Liberal Party, and campaigned for reform of criminal law, in particular seeking to end imprisonment for non-payment of debt. He also sought the abolition of the death penalty and the ending of flogging as a punishment. From 1892 to 1895, he was a Progressive Party member of the London County Council representing Hackney Central. At the "khaki" general election of 1900 he lost his seat to a Unionist opponent, but regained it six years later when there was a swing to the Liberals. He held the seat at the two general elections of 1910, but resigned from the Commons by taking the Manor of Northstead in July 1911 in order to take up a post as a stipendary magistrate.
In October 1911, he contracted pneumonia and died at his sister's house in Putney, on 13 October 1911, aged 61.
# Edward Pickering

Edward Pickering may refer to:
* Edward Charles Pickering (1846–1919), American astronomer
* Edward Pickering (journalist) (1912–2003), British newspaper editor
* Ted Pickering (born 1939), Australian politician
* Edward Pickering (cricketer) (1807–1852), English cricketer
# CLEAN

CLEAN may refer to:
* Component Validator for Environmentally Friendly Aero Engine
* CLEAN (algorithm), a computational algorithm used in astronomy to perform a deconvolution on dirty images
* Commonwealth Law Enforcement Assistance Network, a system used by law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies in Pennsylvania which interfaces NCIC, Penndot and other sources beneficial to law enforcement personnel. Operated by the Pennsylvania State Police.
* Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Noble gases, a liquid argon dark matter detector under construction at SNOLAB.