OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zelen's design

Zelen's design is an experimental design for randomized clinical trials proposed by Harvard School of Public Health statistician Marvin Zelen (1927-2014). In this design, patients are randomized to either the treatment or control group before giving informed consent. Because the group to which a given patient is assigned is known, consent can be sought conditionally.

## Overview

In this design, those patients receiving standard care need not be consented for participation in the study other than possibly for privacy issues. On the other hand, those patients randomized to the experimental group are consented as usual, except that they are consenting to the certainty of receiving the experimental treatment only; alternatively these patients can decline and receive the standard treatment instead.
In comparison, the current predominant design is for consent to be solicited prior to randomization. That is, eligible patients are asked if they would agree to participate in the clinical trial as a whole. This entails agreeing to receiving the experimental treatment as a possibility, receiving the control treatment as a possibility, and the uncertainty involved in not knowing.

## Statistical and epidemiological issues

There are a number of advantages conferred by the post-randomization consent design.
* Clinicians are more comfortable with this design because each time consent is only sought for one treatment without the uncertainty of randomization.
* Patients correspondingly are not subjected to the uncomfortable feeling that they may or may not be receiving the experimental treatment. This means effects such as resentful demoralization will not become an issue. Analogously, since patients allocated to the standard care group are not necessarily aware of the existence of an alternative treatment, Hawthorne effect is also less of an issue.
Some disadvantages include:
* Contamination by crossing over may be more likely since patients assigned to the treatment group are fully aware of their assignment. Notably, statistical analysis should be performed with intention-to-treat.
* Lack of allocation concealment, which may produce further bias.
* Ethical drawbacks. Palmer (2002) notes, "in the few trials where [Zelen randomization] was employed it has been met with disapproval from participants and others, being deemed inappropriately deceptive and manipulative, at least in trials for serious or life-threatening conditions."
# Phycodes punctata

Phycodes punctata is a moth in the family Brachodidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1891. It is found in South Africa.
# Bradstreet baronets

The Bradstreet Baronetcy, of Castilla in County Dublin was created in the Baronetage of Ireland on 14 July 1759 for Simon Bradstreet. His son, the second Baronet died without male issue in 1773 and was succeeded by his younger brother, a Member of Parliament for Dublin in the Irish House of Commons, and later a judge. The fourth baronet was a barrister. The latter's elder son, the fifth Baronet died childless in 1889 and the title went to his younger brother. With the death of the seventh Baronet in 1924, the baronetcy became extinct.

## Bradstreet baronets, of Castilla (1759)

* Sir Simon Bradstreet, 1st Baronet (1693–1762)
* Sir Simon Bradstreet, 2nd Baronet (1728–1773)
* Sir Samuel Bradstreet, 3rd Baronet (died 1791)
* Sir Simon Bradstreet, 4th Baronet (1772–1853)
* Sir John Valentine Bradstreet, 5th Baronet (1815–1889)
* Sir Edward Simon Bradstreet, 6th Baronet (1820–1905)
* Sir Edward Simon Victor Bradstreet, 7th Baronet (1856–1924)
# List of Ohio area codes

This is a list of area codes in the state of Ohio.
| Code | Region | Created |
| 216 | Cleveland | October 1947 |
| 440 | Part of Northeast Ohio including parts of Cleveland | August 16, 1997 |
| 436 | Part of Northeast Ohio including parts of Cleveland | March 1, 2024 |
| 330 | Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and Warren | March 9, 1996 |
| 234 | Akron, Canton, Youngstown, and Warren | October 30, 2000 |
| 740 | Central and southeastern Ohio except Columbus | December 6, 1997 |
| 220 | Central and southeastern Ohio except Columbus | April 22, 2015 |
| 614 | Columbus | October 1947 |
| 380 | Columbus | February 27, 2016 |
| 937 | Southwestern part of Ohio including Dayton, Springfield, public parts of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and areas north and east of the Cincinnati metropolitan area | September 28, 1996 |
| 326 | Southwestern part of Ohio including Dayton, Springfield, public parts of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and areas north and east of the Cincinnati metropolitan area | March 8, 2020 |
| 513 | Southwest Ohio including Cincinnati | October 1947 |
| 283 | Southwest Ohio including Cincinnati | April 28, 2023 |
| 419 | Northwest and north central Ohio including Toledo, Sandusky, and Ashland | October 1947 |
| 567 | Northwest and north central Ohio including Toledo, Sandusky, and Ashland | January 1, 2002 |

## History

The first nationwide telephone numbering plan of 1947 divided Ohio into four numbering plan areas (NPAs), one each for a quadrant of the state: 216, 419, 513, and 614. In 1996, 330 and 937 were added by splitting existing NPAs. In 1997, 440 and 740 were added in additional area code splits. In 2000, 234, and in 2002, 567 were added as overlays. In 2015, area code 740 was overlaid with 220, relieving its rapid depletion. In 2016, area code 614 was overlaid with 380 in the Columbus/Central Ohio area for the same reason. In 2020, 326 was added as an all services overlay for 937. Area code 283 was added as an overlay for 513 on April 28, 2023. Area code 436 went into service on March 1, 2024, as an overlay of 440.
# Jimmy Bermingham

Jimmy Bermingham was an Irish footballer who played as forward during the 1920s and 1930s.
Bermingham was an outside right during this era in the League of Ireland and was part of the Bohemians team of 1927/28 who won every trophy on offer that season – League of Ireland, FAI Cup, Shield and Leinster Senior Cup. He was top scorer for Bohs the previous season with 23 goals in all competitions
He won 1 full international cap for Irish Free State, making his debut against Belgium in 1929 at Dalymount Park.

## Honours

Bohemians
* League of Ireland: 1927–28, 1929–30
* FAI Cup: 1928
* League of Ireland Shield: 1928, 1929
* Aciéries d'Angleur Trophy: 1929
# Copris

Copris is a genus of dung beetles in the tribe Coprini (subfamily Scarabaeinae) of the scarab family. It comprises more than 250 tunnelling species and has an almost worldwide distribution.

## Gallery

* C. arizonensis Schaeffer, 1906
* C. elphenor Klug, 1855
* C. fidius (Olivier, 1789)
* C. hispanus (Linnaeus, 1764)
* C. incertus Say, 1835
* C. lunaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
* C. magicus Harold, 1881
* C. ochus Motschulsky, 1860
* C. punctulatus Wiedemann, 1823
* C. sacontala Redtenbacher, 1848
* C. siamensis Gillet, 1910
# Can Serra station

Can Serra is a Barcelona Metro station, in the L'Hospitalet de Llobregat municipality of the Barcelona metropolitan area, and named after the nearby Can Serra neighbourhood. The station is served by line L1.
The station is located under Parc de les Planes between the Carrer de Molí and the Avinguda d'Isabel la Catòlica. There are entrances from both the park and from Avinguda de Can Serra, which serve an underground ticket hall. The two 96-metre (315 ft) long side platforms are at a lower level.
The station opened in 1987, when line L1 was extended from Torrassa station to Avinguda Carrilet station.
# Can Parellada

Can Parellada is a village which forms part of the municipality of Masquefa in the comarca of the Anoia in Catalonia, Spain. It is served by a station on the FGC railway line R6 between Barcelona and Igualada. Its population as of 2005 was 1343.
# Mesohalobacter

Mesohalobacter is a Gram-negative and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae with one known species (Mesohalobacter halotolerans).
# Kameeldrift

Kameeldrift is a suburb / farming area of Pretoria. It is located 20 km north east of Pretoria CBD. The center of this small community is the primary school, named Kameeldrift Laerskool.

## Sectors

The Kameeldrift Police Precinct consists of 5 sectors: Sector 1
* Downbern
* Wallmanstahl
* Paardefontein
Sector 2A
* Rynoue
* Buffelsdrift
* Kameeldrift
Sector 2B
* Pumulani
* Walmaranspoort
* Derdepoort
Sector 2C
* Zeekoegat
* Roodeplaat
* Kameeldrift
Sector 3/4
* Leeuwfontein
* Baviaanspoort
* Kameelfontein
# Kameelkop

Kameelkop is a town in Capricorn District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa.
# Kalabuda

Kalabuda is a village in Garadpur block, Kendrapara, Odisha, India, near the eastern coast.

## Location

Kalabuda is situated about 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Cuttack and 12 km (7 mi) from Kendrapara town, on the bank of Chitroptala river. The Kalabuda (A), Kalabuda (B) and Kalabuda (C) wards are under this village.

## History

"Kalabuda" literally means "art hub" from "kala" (art) and "buda" (hub) in Oriya language). It refers to the prevalence of local artisans.

## Facilities

Kalabuda hosts a primary school and a high school. The village offers a medical facility, post office, fax facility, and Internet facility. The bridge in the village connecting Korua and Kalabuda is the main communication path in this area.

## Notable residents

* Chakradhar Satapathy (former MLA, Patakura)
# Mesolobus

Mesolobus is an extinct genus of brachiopod belonging to the order Productida and family Rugosochonetidae.

## Species

* M. inflata Liang, 1990
* M. striatus Weller and McGehee, 1933
# Mesolita lineolata

Mesolita lineolata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1862. It is known from Australia.
# Metal Master (comics)

Metal Master is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Publication history

The first Metal Master first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #6 (March 1963), and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. The character subsequently appears in Rampaging Hulk #3 (June 1977), ROM #30 (May 1982), and Maximum Security #2 (December 2000). Metal Master received an entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z #7 (2009).
The second Metal Master first appeared in Avengers #676 and was created by Mark Waid, Al Ewing, Jim Zub, and Pepe Larraz.

## Fictional character biography
### Molyb

Metal Master is an Astran, a humanoid alien with the ability to manipulate metal. He was banished from his planet after attempting to conquer it, and subsequently came into conflict with various heroes, including the Hulk, Rom the Space Knight, and the Scarlet Witch. After being imprisoned by the Conclave of Seven Planets, Metal Master escapes and decides to reform.

### Molyn

A new incarnation of the Metal Master named Molyn, nicknamed the "All-New Metal Master", appears in the "No Surrender" arc as a member of the Grandmaster's Lethal Legion.

## Powers and abilities

The Metal Master can manipulate virtually all types of metal, enabling him to alter its shape and density and bring it to life. However, he is unable to control Plandarium, the metal alloy from which Spaceknight armor is made. He has additionally built starships with intermediate hyperdrive functions, but otherwise at Earth's technological level.

## In other media

The Molyb incarnation of Metal Master appears in The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Paul Kligman.
# Messelmoun

Messelmoun is a town and commune in Tipaza Province in northern Algeria.
# Canada small business tax rate

In Canada’s federal tax system, the small business tax rate is the tax rate paid by a small business. As of 2019, the small business tax rate is 9% The general corporate tax rate is 28%. Additionally, each province or territory operates its own corporate tax system, with varying treatment for small businesses.

## Provincial taxation

Corporate taxes in Newfoundland and Labrador corporate tax rates span from 3 per cent at the lowest rate to 15 per cent at highest rate; in Nova Scotia from 3% to 16%, in New Brunswick from 2.5% to 14%, in Prince Edward Island from 3%to 16%, in Ontario from 3.2% to 11.5%, in Manitoba 12% in Saskatchewan, from 2% to 12%, in British Columbia from 2% to 12%, in Nunavut from 3% to 12%, in the Northwest Territories, from 4% to 11.5%, Alberta 8% and in Yukon from 2% to 12%. In most cases, the provinces and territories have two rates of income tax—the lower rate and the higher rate. Businesses that are eligible for the federal small business deduction (SBD) are also eligible for a lower corporate tax rate at the provincial and territorial levels.
According to a June 1, 2020 report, there are two or occasionally three levels of corporate taxes in the provinces and territories—the first includes small businesses, with income generally up to $500,000, that are eligible for the "small-business deduction" (SBD); the second (where it exists) includes businesses engaged in manufacturing and processing (M&P) with income greater than $500,000 that are not eligible for federal SBD (%); and the third includes general income businesses, with non-M&P income, that are not eligible for SBD (%). Québec has three levels—the rate for the first level is c. 4% to 5%, for the second level it is 11.50%, and for the third level it is 11.50%.

## Definitions

A small business in Canada is defined as a Canadian-based corporation (i.e. one incorporated under the federal Canada Business Corporations Act or similar provincial legislation) with fewer than 100 employees and under CA$500,000 in annual income.
Small businesses are allowed to claim a "small business deduction" under the Income Tax Act; the deduction enumerated in that Act is deducted from the 28% general tax rate, and means the net small business tax rate is as follows:

### Tax rate by year

| Year | Tax Rate (%) |
| 2006 | 12 |
| 2007 | 12 |
| 2008 | 11 |
| 2009 | 11 |
| 2010 | 11 |
| 2011 | 11 |
| 2012 | 11 |
| 2013 | 11 |
| 2014 | 11 |
| 2015 | 11 |
| 2016 | 10.5 |
| 2017 | 10.5 |
| 2018 | 10 |
| 2019 | 9 |

## Passive income investment

Passive income investment is income from "fixed income investments", "dividend-paying stocks", interest, capital gain, rent, royalties and other earnings that are not directly related to the corporation's active main business income. This passive income can be significant for large corporations.
New rules introduced in 2018, are based on the CCPCs "Adjusted Aggregate Investment Income" (AAII)—passive investment income—and "tie SBD eligibility to investment income earned by associated corporations." Under these new rules, taxes cannot be "avoided by using a holding company."
# Kami Kabange

Kami Kabange (born 2 July 1984) is a Congolese-born naturalized Rwandan former basketball player. Standing at 2.03 m (6 ft 8 in), he plays as center. He had a 12-season long career for different clubs in East Africa. Born in the Democratic Republic of Congo, he is a naturalised Rwandan citizen and represented the Rwanda national team.

## Early life

Born in Likasi, Kabange started playing basketball at a young age, inspired by his brothers. When he was 17, he was noticed by Lubumbashi Sport, who offered him to play in the topflight Congolese league.

## Professional career

After playing one season with Lubumbashi Sport, Kabange appeared two seasons for Besa Mazembe.
Kabange started his professional career in Rwanda with APR, under head coach Cliff Owuor. In his first season, he helped the team win consecutive Rwandan National League titles.
After four seasons with APR, he transferred to Espoir and helped the team win the 2012 national title.
In 2013, Kabange signed with the City Oilers club of the NBL Uganda league. In 2021, Kabange was on the REG squad again.
In 2019, he played for ASB Mazembe from Congo in the 2020 BAL Qualifying Tournaments.
Kabange represented Rwanda's national basketball team on many occasions. At the 2013 AfroBasket he played most minutes for his team and was Rwanda's top rebounder and shot blocker.
In September 2023, Kabange retired at age 39.

## National team career

Kabange debuted for the Rwanda national team in 2009, and played with the team at AfroBasket during four tournaments, in 2009, 2011, 2013, 2017.

## BAL career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| 2022 | REG | 1 | 0 | 1.2 | – | – | – | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
# Coovadia

Coovadia is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hoosen Coovadia (born 1940), South African doctor
* Imraan Coovadia (born 1970), South African novelist, essayist, and academic
# Cooyar, Queensland

Cooyar is a rural town and locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Cooyar had a population of 231 people.

## Geography

Cooyar is on the Darling Downs and on the New England Highway, 204 kilometres (127 mi) north west of the state capital, Brisbane.

## History

Land in Cooyar was open for selection on 17 April 1877; 18,500 acres (7,500 ha) were available.
Cooyar Post Office opened by March 1907 (a receiving office had been open from 1904).
St Francis' Anglican Church was dedicated on 12 April 1928. Its closure on 28 March 1999 was approved by Assistant Bishop Ray Smith.

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, the locality of Cooyar and the surrounding area had a population of 281 people.
In the 2016 census, the locality of Cooyar had a population of 224 people.
In the 2021 census, the locality of Cooyar had a population of 231 people.

## Heritage listings

Cooyar has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
* Cooyar War Memorial, McDougall Street
* Muntapa Tunnel, Narko-Nutgrove Road from Highgrove to Nutgrove, south-west of Cooyar

## Education

Cooyar State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Gracey Street (26°59′07″S 151°49′58″E﻿ / ﻿26.9852°S 151.8328°E﻿ / -26.9852; 151.8328﻿ (Cooyar State School)). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 39 students with 4 teachers (3 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent).
There are no secondary schools in Cooyar. The nearest government secondary schools are Nanango State High School (to Year 12) in Nanango to the north-east, Yarraman State School (to Year 9) in Yarraman to the north-east, and Quinalow State School (to Year 10) in Quinalow to the south-west.

## Amenities

Library services in Cooyar are provided by the Toowoomba Regional Council's mobile library service. The van visits Cooyar State School and Cooyar Park (McDougal Street) on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of each month.

## Attractions

Attractions in Cooyar include the Swinging Bridge, a memorial park with playground, an ANZAC Memorial, and the showground which holds events such as endurance riding and the annual show.
# Camparada

Camparada is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.
Camparada borders the following municipalities: Casatenovo, Usmate Velate, Lesmo, Arcore.
# Kamrupi dholiya

Kamrupi Dhuliya are traditional folk drummers from Undivided Kamrup district who play large and wide big drums called Bor Dhul mostly in ethnic festivals, traditional wedding or especially folk religious traditions of aboriginal Saivitie or Sakti cults mostly. It is a part of the native culture of the Kaibarta-Jalkeot community of Lower Assam.
Though associated with playing the Bor Dhul, they are also known for mixing traditional Martial Acrobatic skills during the act. Spontaneity of expressions and quickness of mind and feet were the hallmarks of Kamrupi Dhuliya's. Drumming is accompanied by songs and other skills sometimes.
The Bor Dhul make a deep low-pitched tribal drumming sounds and is mostly played by the indigenous Kaibarta-Jalkeot ethnic group of Lower Assam (a marginalized aboriginal community of Assam) and the cultural traditions related with the Kamrupi Dhulia like Deodha-Joki, Bah Puja, Mas Mara, Xomor Kola (native Martial Acrobatics) etc are intrinsically a part of the Kaibarta ethnic culture.
# Corematodus

Corematodus is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids native to the Lake Malawi basin in Africa. They feed on scales and fins of other cichlids.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Corematodus shiranus Boulenger, 1897
* Corematodus taeniatus Trewavas, 1935
# Element Eighty (album)

Element Eighty is the second studio album by the band Element Eighty, released on October 28, 2003 via Universal/Republic Records.
The track "Broken Promises" was included on the soundtrack of Need for Speed: Underground. A 2022 article highlighted the song, speaking highly of its fusion of alternative metal instrumentation with emo lyrics. Justin Bonitz of Tallah has stated that the song was his first introduction to music with extreme vocals.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Element Eighty
# Metin Göktepe Journalism Awards

The Metin Göktepe Journalism Awards was established in April, 1998 in honor of daily Evrensel correspondent Metin Göktepe who was brutally killed under police custody. The awards are given to journalists who uphold the integrity of the profession by standing up to pressure and obstacles.

## Awards
### 2012

Jury was composed of Belma Akçura, Nazım Alpman, Celal Başlangıç, Nail Güreli, Banu Güven, Fikret İlkiz, Kamil Tekin Sürek, Ahmet Şık, Nedim Şener, Ece Temelkuran and Ragıp Zarakolu. After the ceremony, a birthday cake was cut in memory of the 44th anniversary of Metin Göktepe.

#### Jury Honour Award

    Imprisoned Dicle News Agency journalist Zeynep Kuray for her article "Kadınlar Vardır, Hapiste Kadınlar" on sexual abuse in Pozantı Prison on BirGün

#### Newspaper

    Zeynep Kuriş, Dicle News Agency Mersin Correspondent

#### Television

    Ali Burak Ersemiz, Deniz Pirinççiler

#### Special Jury Award

    shared by: Bilge Eser for her article "Silahı Çevirip Tetiğe Bastı" on the suspicious death of private Sevag Şahin Balıkçı on Sabah Mesut Hasan Benli for his article "Aklından Bile Geçirme" on Radikal Elif Görgü for her article "Bir Bardak Su" on Evrensel Mete Çubukçu for Pasaport: Second Tahrir Uprising on NTV

#### Photography Award

    Selahattin Sönmez for " Sakın Konuşma" on Hürriyet Daily News.

#### Local Media Award

    Nabız Journal (Rize, Turkey)

### 2015
#### Written Journalism

    Zehra Doğan for her work on a series of articles about Yazidi women escaping from ISIS captivity.
# Corey Redekop

Corey Redekop is a Canadian novelist and short story writer. He is best known for his 2012 novel Husk, which was a finalist for the ReLit Award for Fiction in 2013.
Redekop was born and raised in Thompson, Manitoba and lived in Winnipeg before relocating to Fredericton, New Brunswick. His debut novel Shelf Monkey was published in 2007. His short stories have also appeared in the anthologies Licence Expired: The Unauthorized James Bond, The Exile Book of New Canadian Noir, The Bestiary, Superhero Universe and Those Who Make Us: Creature, Myth, and Monster Stories.
# Methioides

Methioides cicatricosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Methioides.