OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earl of Airth

Earl of Airth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created on 21 January 1633 by Charles I, for William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith. It became extinct on the death of his grandson in 1694.
Owing to the uncanonicity of the marriage of Robert II to Elizabeth Mure, and the 1373 Act which only sidestepped this question for heirs male of Robert II's sons, William Graham's ancestors potentially had a better claim to the Scottish throne than Mary, Queen of Scots. Graham thus had a potentially better claim to the throne than Mary's descendant, Charles I, as Graham's claim descends from Robert II's second - undoubted - marriage. Graham had successfully petitioned for the return of the title of Earl of Strathearn which the first Graham Earl of Mentieth had held. Before he was invested, however, Graham boasted that his blood was "bluer than the King's". He was dismissed from his positions and instead of receiving the Earldom of Strathearn, he was given the insultingly minor title of Earl of Airth.

## Earls of Airth (1633)

* William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth (c. 1591 – 1661)
* William Graham, 2nd Earl of Airth (c. 1634 – 1694)

## 19th century claimant

On the death of the 2nd Earl of Airth the earldom became dormant. In 1834 Capt Robert Barclay Allardice of Ury and Allardice petitioned the King to be recognised as Earl of Airth as a descendant of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth, his great-great-great-grandfather, basing his claim on the fact that the Letters Patent of 1633 specified descent to 'heirs general', rather than limiting it to 'heirs male'. The petition was referred to the House of Lords. No decision was forthcoming and in 1840 Capt Barclay Allardice petitioned Queen Victoria for him to be recognised as Earl of Strathearn, Menteith and Airth. Capt Barclay Allardice died in 1854 and his elder daughter, Mary Barclay Allardice, renewed the claim in 1870. The Committee for Privileges heard evidence in support of the opposing claims in 1870 and 1871, but came to no decision, and the three Earldoms remained dormant. On 29 April 2011, Queen Elizabeth II conferred the title of Earl of Strathearn on Prince William of Wales. As a result, on marriage his wife Catherine became Countess of Strathearn. He generally uses this title in Scotland.
# Ruaha chat

The Ruaha chat (Myrmecocichla collaris) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is found in western Tanzania, eastern Rwanda, Burundi, and northern Zambia. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.
The Ruaha chat was formerly considered a subspecies of Arnot's chat (Myrmecocichla arnotti). Clements has lumped the bird into the Arnot's chat.
# Tío Pepe (disambiguation)

Tio pepe may refer to:
* Tío Pepe, a Spanish brand name of sherry
* Tio Pepe, a stage play by Matthew Lopez, directed by Caitlin Moon, enacted at the 2008 Summer Play Festival
# Rowney Green

Rowney Green is a village in the English county of Worcestershire. Today the village consists of over one hundred (mostly detached) homes, a village hall, a chapel, several horse riding stables and a couple of farms. The population of Rowney Green was approximately 300 people in 2014. The area is surrounded by agricultural land, providing grazing for livestock (mostly sheep) and domestic horses.

## History

The name 'Rowney' possibly derives from the term 'Round Hay' which is referred to in Domesday Book as are several farm buildings and dwellings in the village.
On 9 November 1943 a Wellington Bomber aircraft crashed near Rowney Green at 19.49 hours on its way back to RAF Pershore from a routine training exercise. All five crew members were killed. A memorial plaque was placed in the centre of the village in October 2007 by the Alvechurch Ex-Services Association. A Maple Tree has also been planted in recognition that all five crew members were Canadian.
According to John Corbett, Albert Edward Wheeler, who lived at 'The Ferns', purchased an ex-army hut in 1920 which served as the first village hall. It was officially called Rowney Green Peace Memorial Hall to commemorate the end of WWI but it was known as 'The Hut'. A portable stage, made up of timber planks, was purchased from disused exhibition stands at Bingley Hall. Most, if not all, of the installation work was done by the villagers themselves. The hut was transported from Alvechurch Station by Frank Satchwell using a horse and cart belonging to Edgar Quinney. A replacement hall was built in 1959 and opened in January 1960. However, during the 1990s/2000s it had fallen into disrepair. A local community group applied for and successfully obtained two rounds of funding from a National Lottery scheme. The money was used for repairs and refurbishment.
Newbourne Wood borders the village and is owned by Worcestershire Wildlife Trust. It is a small plantation woodland that was once part of a 12th-century deer park,
# Rubus uhdeanus

Rubus uhdeanus is a Mexican species of brambles in the rose family. It is native to southern Mexico.
Rubus uhdeanus is a perennial with light hair and a few small curved prickles. Leaves are compound with 3 leaflets. Flowers are white or pink. Fruits are black and elongated.
# Tønsberg Cove

Tønsberg Cove (60°32′S 45°55′W﻿ / ﻿60.533°S 45.917°W﻿ / -60.533; -45.917) is a cove 1 nautical mile (1.9km) southeast of Penguin Point on the north coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. It was charted in 1912-13 by Petter Sørlle, a Norwegian whaling captain and named after the Tønsberg Hvalfangeri, of Tønsberg, Norway, a company which operated a permanent whaling base in the South Orkney Islands in the period 1920–30.
# Rudenia nigrans

Rudenia nigrans is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Baja California Sur, Mexico.
# Eastern Silesia

Eastern Silesia was formerly the Austrian crownland Austrian Silesia, which was occupied by Czechoslovakia after World War I. It had an area of 1,987 sq mi (5,146 km$^2$), with a population of 680,422 in 1900. The capital was Opava. Plans for a plebiscite fell through, and the area was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland.
The territory was entered by the Czech military on 23 January 1919, after negotiations with Poland broke down.
A final agreement on the border was reached on 28 July 1920.

## Postage stamps

Eastern Silesia is remembered today by philatelists, since the plans for the plebiscite included the issuance of special postage stamps. These were stamps of Czechoslovakia and Poland, overprinted with various combinations of "SO" or "S. O." (Fr. Silesie Orientale), and "1920". They were in use from February to September 1920. The overprints were produced in considerable numbers; with a few exceptions, the stamps are commonly available today at the minimum price.
The postal history of the territory is quite complicated, with both overprinted and unoverprinted stamps of the contending countries (and Austria) in use at different post offices at different times.
# UFC 83

UFC 83: Serra vs. St-Pierre 2 was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship. The event was held on April 19, 2008, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

## Background

The event on this date was originally scheduled to be called UFC 84, but following the cancellation of a tentatively scheduled March 8, 2008 event in England, the event's title was changed to UFC 83 instead.
The card was headlined by UFC Welterweight Champion Matt Serra and UFC Interim Welterweight Champion Georges St-Pierre in a match to unify the championship. It was a rematch from their fight at UFC 69, which Serra had won. The two fighters exchanged harsh words through the media following that fight, which led to the circumstances that surrounded the rematch. St-Pierre cited personal issues for the loss. He said that his father was seriously ill, and that his 17-year-old cousin had died in a car accident around the time of the first fight. St-Pierre then claimed that he only accepted the fight with Serra because he thought he could "easily beat this guy." Serra took exception to these comments and responded in a subsequent radio interview by calling St-Pierre a "Frenchy", telling him to "go drink some red wine and go watch a hockey game."
This event was the company's first event in Canada. Several prominent Canadian MMA fighters competed on this card, including Kalib Starnes, Mark Bocek, Jason MacDonald, Sam Stout, and Jonathan Goulet. Patrick Côté was originally scheduled to fight on this card as well against Alan Belcher, but was forced to pull out after sustaining a non-fighting related injury and replaced by Jason Day.
At the time, UFC 83 officially broke two UFC records. The first record broken was the fastest sellout ever. The UFC sold most of the tickets to UFC Fight Club members in the first 24 hours of the fightclub presale. The rest of the tickets were sold within one minute of the public sale. The second record broken was the UFC attendance record. The 21,390 people who packed the Bell Centre officially broke the former attendance record of 19,049 set at UFC 68 in Columbus, Ohio back in March 2007.
This event marked the promotional debut of future UFC Heavyweight Champion, Cain Velasquez.

## Results

* ↑ For the UFC Welterweight Championship

## Bonus awards

At the end of this event, $75,000 was awarded to each of the fighters who received one of these three awards.
* Fight of the Night: Jonathan Goulet vs. Kuniyoshi Hironaka
* Knockout of the Night: Jason MacDonald
* Submission of the Night: Demian Maia

## Fighter payouts

The Quebec Boxing Council refused to disclose payout details, as it is common for non-US held pay-per-view events.
# UFC 87

UFC 87: Seek and Destroy was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on August 9, 2008, at the Target Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the twenty-first UFC event for the Pay-Per-View broadcast in high-definition.

## Background

The card was headlined by a welterweight championship bout between champion Georges St-Pierre and challenger Jon Fitch.
UFC Hall of Famer Mark Coleman was first scheduled to fight Brock Lesnar, but an Achilles tendon injury forced him to withdraw. Heath Herring stepped in to fight Lesnar instead.
Future UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones made his UFC debut at this event after stepping in to replace Tomasz Drwal who pulled out of his bout with Andre Gusmao due to injury.

## Results

* ↑ For the UFC Welterweight Championship

## Bonus awards

At the end of the night, the UFC awarded $60,000 to each of the fighters who received one of these three awards.
* Fight of the Night: Georges St-Pierre vs. Jon Fitch
* Knockout of the Night: Rob Emerson
* Submission of the Night: Demian Maia
# USA Cycling Professional Tour

The USA Cycling Professional Tour was a professional road bicycle racing series organized by USA Cycling.

## Results

| Year | Rider Championship | Team Championship |
| 2007 | Levi Leipheimer (USA) | Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team |
| 2008 | Christian Vande Velde (USA) | Garmin–Chipotle |
| 2009 | David Zabriskie (USA) | Team Columbia–HTC |
| 2010 | Michael Rogers (AUS) | Team HTC–Columbia |
# East Pasuribania

East Pasuribania is a village in Pirojpur District in the Barisal Division of southwestern Bangladesh.
# Rubaga Division

Rubaga Division, also Lubaga Division, is one of the divisions that makes up the city of Kampala, Uganda. The division takes its name from Rubaga, where the division headquarters are located.

## Location

Rubaga Division lies in the western part of the city, bordering Wakiso District to the west and south of the division. The eastern boundary of the division is Kampala Central Division. Kawempe Division lies to the north of Rubaga Division. The coordinates of the division are 00 18N, 32 33E (Latitude:0.3029; Longitude:32.5529). Neighbourhoods in the division include Mutundwe, Nateete, Ndeeba, Kabowa, Najjanankumbi, Lungujja, Busega, Lubaga, Mengo, Namungoona, Lubya, Lugala, Bukesa, Namirembe, Naakulabye, Kasubi, and Kawaala.

## Points of interest

The following points of interest are located in Rubaga Division:
* Saint Mary's Cathedral Rubaga
* Residence of the Cardinal of Kampala
* Residence of the Archbishop of Kampala Archdiocese
* Lubaga Hospital - A 274-bed community hospital owned by the Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala
* Lubaga Nurses School
* Rubaga Miracle Center - A Pentecostal Congregation Church
* Pope Paul VI Memorial Community Center
* Headquarters of Rubaga Division
* Mengo Palace - The Lubiri is located in Rubaga Division
* Bulange - Houses the Buganda Parliament and offices of the Kabaka of Buganda
* Zavego Solutions, a maids supply agency that provides housemaid and babysitter staffing services. The agency trains and provides domestic servants to homes in Kampala and surrounding areas.
# Rufria gens

The gens Rufria was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in imperial times. Few of the Rufrii appear in history, but others are known from inscriptions.

## Origin

The nomen Rufrius seems to be derived from the Latin ruber, red or ruddy, and is frequently confused with Rufius, derived from the similar rufus, red. Ruber may have been a cognomen given to someone with red or reddish hair.

## Members

* Rufrius Pollio, or Rubrius Pollio, appointed praetorian prefect by Claudius shortly after the assassination of Caligula. The emperor granted him a seat in the senate when he was in attendance. Possibly the same person as Rufius Pomfilius, a prefect whom Claudius had put to death.
* Rufrius Crispinus, or Rufius Crispinus, an eques who rose to the rank of praetorian prefect under Claudius, and was rewarded with the quaestorian insignia for apprehending Decimus Valerius Asiaticus in AD 47. Agrippina had him removed from his office in 52, and he was sent into exile in 66, as the former husband of the empress Poppaea Sabina. Sentenced to death, he took his own life.
* Rufrius or Rufius Crispinus, son of the praetorian prefect and Poppaea Sabina, was put to death by Nero.
* Rufrius Sulpicianus, legate of the thirteenth legion at some point between AD 211 and 222.
# Rufunsa (constituency)

Rufunsa is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers the towns of Karoma, Mukunku, Rufunsa and Shingela in Rufunsa District of Lusaka Province.

## List of MPs

| Election year | MP | Party |
| 1964 | Solomon Kalulu | United National Independence Party |
| Seat abolished |||
| 1991 | Bartholomew Seyama | United National Independence Party |
| By-election | Scholastica Ngoma | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 1996 | Samuel Chipungu | National Party |
| 2001 | Damian Kayaba | Forum for Democracy and Development |
| 2006 | Kenneth Chipungu | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 2011 | Kenneth Chipungu | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy |
| 2016 | Sheal Mulyata | United Party for National Development |
| 2021 | Sheal Mulyata | United Party for National Development |
# USD Palmese

U.S.D. Palmese is an Italian association football club, based in Palma Campania, Campania. Currently it plays in Eccellenza Campania/B.

## History

The club was founded in 1914.

### Scudetto Dilettanti 2000–01

Palmese in the season 2000–01, from Serie D was promoted to Serie C2, conquering also the Scudetto Dilettanti.

## Honours

* Serie D:
** Winners 1: 2000–01
* Scudetto Dilettanti:
** Winners 1: 2000–01

## Stadium

The club's home stadium is the Stadio Comunale di Palma Campania, which seats 5,500 spectators.
# USD Zagarolo

Unione Sportiva Dilettantistica Zagarolo was an Italian association football club located in Zagarolo, Lazio.

## History

The club was founded in 1968.
In the summer 2012, after the relegation to Eccellenza Lazio, the club was dissolved.

## Phoenix club

In 2012, to continue the football history of the town, Promozione Lazio club, A.S.D. Real Torbellamonaca 1970, of the homonymous [it] frazione of Rome, was renamed to A.S.D. Real T.B.M. Zagarolo.
In mid-2013, after the promotion, the side transferred the seat and its sports title of Eccellenza Lazio to the city of Frascati, becoming A.S.D. Lupa Castelli Romani. Because of this transaction, Real TBM Zagarolo has effectively disappeared from the Italian football panorama.

## Colors and badge

Its colors were all dark red.
# USS Centaurus

USS Centaurus may refer to one of these two ships of the United States Navy named after the constellation Centaurus:
* USS Centaurus (AKA-17), launched on 3 September 1943 and acquired by the US Navy on 20 October 1943.
* USS Centaurus (AK-264), acquired from the US Army on 12 June 1951 and lent to South Korea the same day.
# Echinometra viridis

Echinometra viridis, the reef urchin, is a species of sea urchin in the family Echinometridae. It is found on reefs in very shallow parts of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea.

## Description

The reef urchin has an elliptical reddish brown test (shell) covered with medium length spines. These are greenish in colour with paler bases and darker, often violet, tips. This urchin grows to a diameter of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) with the longest spines being 3 centimetres (1.2 in). It looks very similar to the rock-boring urchin Echinometra lucunter, but the dark tips and the greater length of the spines are distinctive.

## Distribution

The reef urchin is found on reefs in the Caribbean Sea from southern Florida to Venezuela at depths down to about 15 metres (49 ft). It is not as common as the rock-boring urchin and seems to be absent from the West Indies to the east of the Virgin Islands.

## Biology

The reef urchin conceals itself in crevices or under boulders. It emerges at night to feed by grazing on algae with its five teeth, part of the Aristotle's lantern organ that surrounds its mouth. It is not believed to bore holes, but its grazing still causes bioerosion in reefs. In Panama, breeding takes place during the period April to December. It does not seem to be correlated with the phases of the moon as in some other sea urchin species. Fertilisation is external and the echinopluteus larvae are planktonic. When these settle, they undergo a rapid metamorphosis into juvenile sea urchins.
Researchers have studied the likely effect on the reef urchin of a rise in the carbon dioxide levels which are likely to increase ocean acidification by the end of the 21st century. It was found that the urchins would be negatively impacted because of decreased calcification, lowering their ability to build their tests, especially during winter and in the more northerly parts of their range.

## Ecology

The reef urchin is an important grazer on fleshy algae in the Caribbean area. Its abundance is reduced by predation by fish, especially the jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado), the queen triggerfish (Balistes vetula), the ocean triggerfish (Canthidermis sufflamen) and the hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus). Because of this predation, the reef urchin avoids open reef flats and in these locations there is an overgrowth of fleshy algae. It is unable to take over the algal controlling role of the black sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) which is subject to great fluctuations in population.
# USS La Salle

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS La Salle, after Rene Robert Chevalier de La Salle.
* USS La Salle (AP-102), originally named Hotspur, was a transport ship of World War II
* USS La Salle (AGF-3), was a command ship commissioned in 1964 and decommissioned in 2005

## Other

The United States steam merchant ship D/S La Salle built in 1920 was sunk by German submarine U-159 on 7 November 1942 during World War II near the Cape of Good Hope, Africa. None of the 60 crew and personnel survived.
# USS Herndon

USS Herndon has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:
* USS Herndon (DD-198), a Clemson-class destroyer, commissioned in 1920 and transferred to the Royal Navy as HMS Churchill
* USS Herndon (DD-638), a Gleaves-class destroyer, commissioned in 1942 and decommissioned in 1946
* USS Raymon W. Herndon (APD-121), a high-speed transport, in commission from 1944 to 1946
# USS Powers

USS Powers may refer to more than one United States Navy ship:
* USS John J. Powers (DE-528), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1945
* USS Oswald A. Powers (DE-542), a destroyer escort cancelled in 1946
# Rudy Andabaker

Rudolph Edward "Rudy" Andabaker (August 1, 1928 – September 25, 2016) was a professional American football offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL).
# USS Wyandank

USS Wyandank was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. She was used by the Union Navy as a storeship and as a barracks ship in support of the Union Navy blockade of Confederate waterways.

## Service history

Wyandank—a wooden-hulled, sidewheel ferryboat built at New York City in 1847 and sometimes documented as Wyandanck—was acquired by the Union Navy on 12 September 1861 from the Union Ferry Co. of Brooklyn, New York. Wyandank was used during the Civil War as storeship for the Potomac Flotilla. After hostilities ended, Wyandank served at Annapolis, Maryland, into the 1870s as a floating barracks for United States Marines assigned to the United States Naval Academy. She was broken up there in 1879.
# Easter Park Farm Quarry

Easter Park Farm Quarry (grid reference SO810009) is a 0.15-hectare (0.37-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1986. The site is listed in the ‘Stroud District’ Local Plan, adopted November 2005, Appendix 6 (online for download) as an SSSI and a Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS).

## Location and geology

The site is to the south west of Minchinhampton. It is important for the study of Middle Jurassic rocks of the Bathonian Stage. The exposed limestones contain a significant collection of fossil ammonites, which support them to be dated as morrisi zone. The rocks show the character change which occurs in rocks of this age from fine grained limestone to the coarser, oolitic limestones of Minchinhamption.
The limestones also contain fossil corals, echinoids, gastropods and bivalves.

## Conservation

Natural England reports in October 2011 that vegetation clearance is needed to maintain the favourability of the site.
# East River (Minnesota)

The East River is a small headwaters tributary of the Saint Louis River in northern Minnesota, United States. The East River, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) long, flows (along with the North River) into Seven Beaver Lake, the source of the St. Louis River.|
# USS Narkeeta

USS Narkeeta may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Narkeeta (1891) was a tug boat that served primarily in the New York area during the Spanish–American War and World War I.
* USS Narkeeta (YT–133) duties included tugging, towing, and firefighting, for the 11th Naval District, during World War II.
# Udea mechedalis

Udea mechedalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1950 and is found in Iran.
# Ebon Andersson i Malmö

Ebon Andersson i Malmö (1896-1981) was a Swedish politician (Swedish Social Democratic Party).
Andersson i Malmö was an MP of the Second Chamber of the Parliament of Sweden in 1941–1944.
Andersson i Malmö focused on the issue of spousal abuse and the access to better living accommodations for poor families.