OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Togni reagent II

Togni reagent II (1-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one) is a chemical compound used in organic synthesis for direct electrophilic trifluoromethylation.

## History

Synthesis, properties, and reactivity of the compound were first described in 2006 by Antonio Togni and his coworkers at ETH Zurich. The article also contains information on Togni reagent I (1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-benziodoxole).

## Preparation

The synthesis consists of three steps. In the first step, 2-iodobenzoic acid is oxidized by sodium periodate and cyclized to 1-hydroxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one. The target compound can then be obtained by acylation with acetic anhydride and subsequent substitution reaction with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane.
Alternatively, trichloroisocyanuric acid can be used as oxidant in the place of sodium periodate for a newer one-pot synthesis method.

## Properties
### Physical properties

The compound crystallized in a monoclinic crystal structure. The space group is P2$_1$/n with four molecules in the unit cell. From the crystallographic data, a density of 2.365 g·cm$^{−3}$ was deduced.

### Chemical properties

Pure Togni reagent II is metastable at room temperature. Heating it above the melting point will lead to strong exothermic decomposition, in which trifluoroiodomethane (CF$_3$I) is released. The heat of composition at a temperature of 149 °C and higher has been determined to be 502 J·g$^{−1}$. From recrystallization in acetonitrile, small amounts of trifluoromethyl-2-iodobenzoate and 2-iodobenzyl fluoride were observed as decomposition products. Togni reagent II reacts violently with strong bases and acids, as well as reductants. In tetrahydrofuran, the compound polymerizes.

## Uses

Togni reagent II is used for trifluoromethylation of organic compounds. For phenolates, the substitution takes place preferably in the ortho position. It is possible to obtain a second substitution by using an excess of Togni reagent II.
Reactions with alcohols yield the corresponding trifluoromethyl ethers.
Trifluoromethylation of alkenes is possible under copper catalysis.
# Lantan Lake

Lantan Lake (traditional Chinese: 蘭潭水庫; simplified Chinese: 兰潭水库; pinyin: Lántán Shuǐkù) or Orchid Lake is a lake and reservoir in East District, Chiayi City, Taiwan.

## History

The lake is also called the Holland Lake, Dutch Lake, and Hong-Mao Pei (see ang mo) because the lake was dug by the Dutch around 300 years ago during the Dutch Formosa rule by taking it source from the Bazhang River to irrigate the broad fields run by the Dutch East India Company. This system lasted until the beginning of Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in which the lake laid in ruins until the Qing Dynasty rule. In the late Japanese rule period, the dam was reconstructed.

## Geography

The reservoir can contain 9,790,000 m$^3$ (346,000,000 cu ft) of water as the main water resource of Chiayi City. It covers an area of 2 km$^2$ (0.77 sq mi).

## Features

A fountain is set up on the lake with water surging up to 50 meters (160 ft).

## Transportation

The lake is accessible by Chiayi City Bus route 1 and route 66 from Chiayi Station of Taiwan Railways.
# Cambodia at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Cambodia competed at the 2019 World Championships in Athletics in Doha, Qatar, 4–13 August 2019.

## Results

(q – qualified, NM – no mark, SB – season best)

### Men
#### Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary Round | Preliminary Round | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Viro Ma | 5000 metres | DNF | - | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Torre dei Belfredelli

The Torre dei Belfredelli is a 13th-century, seven-story medieval tower in Florence, Italy, and one of the tallest buildings in the city. The Torre dei Ramaglianti [it] is located behind.

## History

The Belfredellis, who built the tower, were a family part of the House of Welf. After losing the Battle of Montaperti to the Hohenstaufen in 1260, the Hohenstaufen took power over Florence and damaged part of the tower. The Welfs won the Battle of Benevento in 1266 and were able to return to the city. The del Corno and Guiducci families followed the Belfredellis as the owners of the tower after they became extinct. In August 1944, the tower was damaged again after some German mines exploded nearby. The interior was drastically changed in the following reconstruction and an attic floor was added.

## Description

The building is made from rows of stone bricks. Some of the building's entrances are covered by an archivolt. The top floor is a newer addition, characterized by large glass windows. The tower's main entrance is flanked by a small garden. The most recognizable feature of the tower is the ivy covering about half the height of the building. A two-bedroom apartment inside the tower can be rented.
# Kingston Cricket Club

Representing Kingston upon Thames in Surrey, the original Kingston Cricket Club was prominent in the 18th century, taking part in known matches from 1720 to 1767. According to surviving records, it had no specific venue and is known to have played at both Kennington Common and Moulsey Hurst. Kingston teams are recorded, either individually or jointly with other clubs, in eleven known major matches.

## Matches

On Wednesday, 6 July 1720, a game between Kingston and Richmond is one of the earliest known major matches. The venue is unknown but Kingston won. The next record is a match in September 1731 when Kingston played Surrey at Moulsey Hurst and was defeated by an unknown margin. This match was played for 25 guineas a side and "some thousands of persons of both sexes were present on this occasion".
A team called Kingston and Moulsey played two matches in July 1739 against London, winning both times, the second by the close margin of three runs. In July 1743, a combined Kingston and Richmond side played two matches against London and lost them both. In 1745, Kingston played Lambeth at Kennington Common on Wednesday, 24 July, and London at the Artillery Ground on Wednesday, 7 August. Neither result is known.
The next mention is in 1751 when a combined Kingston and Hampton team played Richmond at Moulsey Hurst on Wednesday, 4 September, but no other details are known. Kingston and Hampton played each other at Hampton Court Green on Thursday, 10 July 1755, Hampton winning by 3 wickets. The final mention of Kingston is on Wednesday, 23 September 1767 when they defeated Richmond by 2 wickets at Richmond Green.
Kingston Cricket Club is unrecorded after 1767. It may have disbanded in the later part of the 18th century and there is no modern equivalent. The nearest club to Kingston is Hampton Wick Royal Cricket Club in Bushy Park. This club was established in 1863 and is currently a member of the Surrey Championship in the ECB Premier Leagues.
# Christopher G. Atkeson

Christopher Granger Atkeson (born 28 May 1959) is an American roboticist and a professor at the Robotics Institute and Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). Atkeson is known for his work in humanoid robots, soft robotics, and machine learning, most notably on locally weighted learning.

## Early life and education

Atkeson graduated summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1981 with an A.B. in biochemistry. He received his S.M. degree in applied mathematics in the same year, also from Harvard. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received his PhD in brain and cognitive science from them in 1986, advised by Emilio Bizzi.

## Career

Before joining the faculty at CMU in 2000, he was an assistant, then associate professor in the department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT from 1986 to 1993. He was also an associate professor at the College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology from 1994 to 2000.
Atkeson's work in soft robotics helped influence production on the 2014 Disney film Big Hero 6, and he consulted with the film's production team on the design of Baymax.

## Honors and awards

* National Science Foundation Engineering Initiation Award, 1987–1988.
* National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1988–1993.
* W. M. Keck Foundation Assistant Professorship in Biomedical Engineering, 1988–1990.
* Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1989–1991.
* W. M. Keck Foundation Associate Professorship in Biomedical Engineering, 1990–1991.
* Teaching Award from the MIT Graduate Student Council, 1990.
* Edenfield Faculty Fellowship Award, 1995.
* Elected by faculty to College of Computing Dean's Advisory Committee, 1995–1996, 1996–1997.
* Finalist, Best Paper Award, ICRA 2000.

## Personal life

Atkeson is married to Jessica Hodgins, Professor of Computer Science and Robotics at CMU, and former director of Disney Research, Pittsburgh.
# Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare

Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare (川崎医療福祉大学, Kawasaki iryō fukushi daigaku) is a private university in Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan, established in 1991.
# Tirthkshetra Padali

Tirthkshetra Padali, Satara is a village located in the Satara (Tehsil & District) of Maharashtra state of India. Tirthkshetra Padali village is surrounded by Urmodi river. The village is near the historic Ajinkyatara fort, which is situated on the north side of Tirthkshetra Padali. Jotiba is a popular deity in the Padali, and the Jotiba festival is a major annual celebration that takes place in honor of this deity. Also The festival is celebrated in various parts of Maharashtra, including the cities of Kolhapur and Satara.
The Jotiba festival typically takes place in the month of Chaitra (March/April), and it is a multi-day celebration that includes various rituals and cultural events. The festival is marked by processions of devotees who carry the idol of Jotiba on a palanquin, accompanied by music and dancing. The procession typically makes its way to the Jotiba temple, where the deity is offered prayers and offerings.
During the festival, devotees also perform various rituals and offerings, such as offering coconuts, lighting incense, and singing devotional songs. The festival is a time of great joy and celebration, and it is an important part of the cultural heritage of Maharashtra.

## Festival (YATRA)

Tirthkshetra Padali yatra fall in Month of April on Sankashti Chaturthi mostly 3-4 day after Jyotirlinga chaitra yatra Kolhapur.
As per tradition, every Sasan Kathi is ranked from 1 to 108 and out of 108, nearly 40 - 50 Sasan Kathi's are arrived in Jyotiba temple for Chaitra Yatra in Wadi Ratnagiri. The first rank of the Sasan Kathi has been given to Tirthkshetra Padali village.
Sasan Kathi's are the biggest attraction of the Yatra. On the day of yatra, when all sasan kathi's arrived at the temple, proper invitation awarded to Tirthkshetra Padali village via Bhaldar from Paschim Maharashtra Devasthan Samiti (PMDS).

## Education

Primary School
ZILLA PARISHAD MARATHI SCHOOL
High School
ENGLISH SCHOOL AND TANAJI BANDU DHANE JUNIOR COLLEGE OF ARTS PADALI NINAM

## Sports

Cricket
* Divyashakti Cricket club Padali
* Speed Cricket Club, Padali

## Nearest Tourism

* Ajinkyatara
* Kas Plateau Reserved Forest
* Mahabaleshwar
* Sajjangad
* Pratapgad
* This Satara district, Maharashtra, India location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Polycystin 2

Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD2 gene.
The gene PKD2 also known as TRPP2, encodes a member of the polycystin protein family, called TRPP, and contains multiple transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. The protein may be an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions. TRPP2 may function in renal tubular development, morphology, and function, and may modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis and other signal transduction pathways. This protein interacts with polycystin 1 (TRPP1) to produce cation-permeable currents. It was discovered by Stefan Somlo at Yale University.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

## Interactions

Polycystin 2 has been shown to interact with the proteins TRPC1, PKD1 and TNNI3.
# Concussion (disambiguation)

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury.
Concussion may also refer to:
* Concussion (2013 film), an American drama directed by Stacie Passon
* Concussion (2015 film), an American biographical sports drama directed by Peter Landesman
* Concussion (album), a 2001 album by Matthew Ryan
* Concussion (seismology), a pre-earthquake effect that resulted from Earth's tectonic plate movement or collision
# North-Eastern Swiss Alps

This article focuses on the part of the Alps and Pré-Alps that is located in North-Eastern Switzerland and compromises the Schwyzer Alps and the Appenzell Alps. This region is bordered by: Lake Lucerne in the south-west; the Klausen Pass, upper Linth valley and Lake Walen in the south; the Rhine valley in the east; Lake Constance in the north.

## Peaks

Some of the chief peaks of the Swiss (Pre-)Alps, north of the Klausen Pass, are:
| Name | Elevation (m) | Elevation (ft) |
| Glärnisch (highest) | 2,915 | 9,564 |
| Bös Fulen (Böser Faulen) | 2,802 | 9,193 |
| Schächentaler Windgällen | 2,764 | 9,068 |
| Ortstock | 2,717 | 8,914 |
| Höch Turm | 2,666 | 8,747 |
| unnamed peak of the Jegerstöck | 2,584 | 8,478 |
| Pfannenstock | 2,573 | 8,442 |
| Signalstock (part of the Jegerstöck) | 2,573 | 8,442 |
| Glatten | 2,505 | 8,219 |
| Säntis | 2,502 | 8,209 |
| Chaiserstock | 2,515 | 8,251 |
| Rossstock | 2,461 | 8,074 |
| Altmann | 2,435 | 7,989 |
| Gamsberg | 2,384 | 7,822 |
| Gross-Fulfirst | 2,384 | 7,822 |
| Alper Horn | 2,380 | 7,810 |
| Chli-Fulfirst | 2,373 | 7,785 |
| Alvier | 2,342 | 7,684 |
| Isisizer Rosswis | 2,334 | 7,657 |
| Silberen | 2,319 | 7,608 |
| Hinderrugg (highest of the Churfirsten range) | 2,306 | 7,566 |
| Mutteristock | 2,294 | 7,526 |
| Rautispitz | 2,283 | 7,490 |
| Druesberg | 2,282 | 7,487 |
| Schijen | 2,259 | 7,411 |
| Brünnelistock | 2,133 | 6,998 |
| Speer | 1,951 | 6,401 |
| Chlingenstock | 1,935 | 6,348 |
| Fronalpstock (Schwyz) | 1,921 | 6,302 |
| Grosser Mythen | 1,898 | 6,227 |
| Rigi Kulm | 1,798 | 5,899 |
| Hoher Kasten | 1,791 | 5,876 |
| Wildspitz of the Rossberg | 1,580 | 5,180 |
| Hochstuckli | 1,566 | 5,138 |
| Zugerberg | 1,039 | 3,409 |
| Hochwacht of the Albis chain | 878 | 2,881 |
| Uetliberg (part of the Albis chain) | 873 | 2,864 |

## Passes

The chief passes of the Swiss Alps, north of the Klausen Pass, are:
    Note: road status as of 1911.
| Mountain pass | location | type (as of 1911) | elevation (m) | elevation (ft) |
| Ruosalperkulm | Schächen Valley to the Muota Valley | footpath | 2,172 | 7,126 |
| Karren Alp Pass | Muota Valley to Linthal | footpath | 2,096 | 6,877 |
| Kinzigkulm Pass | Schächen Valley to the Muota Valley | footpath | 2,076 | 6,811 |
| Saasberg Pass | Einsiedeln to Glarus | footpath | 1,898 | 6,227 |
| Kamor Pass | Appenzell to Rüthi | bridle path | 1,680 | 5,510 |
| Saxerlücke | Appenzell to Sax | footpath | 1,651 | 5,417 |
| Schwein Alp Pass | Wägital (Wäggithal) to | bridle path | 1,572 | 5,157 |
| Pragel Pass | Muotathal to Glarus | carriage road in progress | 1,554 | 5,098 |
| Hacken Pass | Schwyz to Einsiedeln | footpath | 1,417 | 4,649 |
| Holzegg Pass | Schwyz to Einsiedeln | bridle path | 1,407 | 4,616 |
| Ibergeregg Pass | Schwyz to Iberg and Einsiedeln | carriage road | 1,406 | 4,613 |
| Krazeren Pass | Nesslau to Urnäsch | bridle path | 1,217 | 3,993 |
# Diourao

Diourao is a village in the Tiankoura Department of Bougouriba Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 494.
# Cladomelea akermani

Cladomelea akermani is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found in South Africa. Cladomelea species, including C. akermani, are "bolas spiders" – adult females capture their prey by using a sticky drop on the end of a single line which they swing, usually catching male moths attracted by the release of an analogue of the attractant sex pheromone produced by the female moth. Juvenile and adult male bolas spiders do not use a bolas, catching prey with their legs alone.

## Description

A male and female were described by Levi in 2003. The female had a total length of 15.5 mm, the carapace being 5.4 mm long with a maximum width of 5.2 mm. The carapace was light orange-brown, with three projections with black ends. The sternum was light orange-brown. The abdomen was whitish, with a pair of brown tubercules on the upper surface and a central white rectangle on the lower surface. The first leg was longest, the patella and tibia totalling 10.8 mm. The male was much smaller, with a total body length of 1.6 mm, about a tenth of that of the female. Its carapace and the underside of the abdomen were dark brown. The carapace was rough but lacked the projections of the female. The upper surface of the abdomen was spotted with black, grey and white, and had three humps and two hardened discs. The male's palpal bulb had a distinct conductor supporting the embolus. Contrary to an earlier statement by Conrad Akerman that C. akermani uses its third leg (a statement repeated by others, e.g. Yeargan), the female handles its bolas with the second leg, swinging it in a horizontal plane.

## Taxonomy

Cladomelea akermani was first described by John Hewitt in 1923, from a female collected by Conrad Akerman in 1915. C. akermani is similar to C. longipes. Cladomelea species are bolas spiders, and although the genus was not included in two relevant molecular phylogenetic studies in 2014 and 2020, would be expected to be part of the "mastophorines", placed in the subfamily Cyrtarachninae s.l.

## Distribution and habitat

Cladomelea akermani is native to South Africa. It has been recorded from grasslands in KwaZulu-Natal, around Pietermaritzburg.
# Excerptiones Prisciani

The Excerptiones Prisciani (also known as Excerptiones de Prisciano) is a tenth-century compilation of Priscian's Institutiones grammaticae and Donatus's Ars maior.

## History

It is found in three manuscripts: Antwerp, Plantin-Moretus Museum, MS 16.2 (where it is accompanied by the Antwerp-London Glossaries); Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, nouv. acq. lat. 586; and Chartres, Bibliothèque municipale, 56. It is thought to have been compiled by (or under the supervision of) the early medieval English monk and scholar Ælfric of Eynsham, and was the basis for the Latin grammar that he wrote in Old English. In compiling his text, Ælfric was working in a Carolingian scholarly tradition of adapting Classical works on grammar.
# Morty Meekle

Morty Meekle is an American syndicated newspaper comic strip that was published between 1956 and 1966, created and produced by cartoonist Dick Cavalli. The series featured the title character dealing with office and dating situations, and, like Fritzi Ritz, which became Nancy after sixteen years, evolved to focus on the younger characters from Cavalli's strip, and was renamed Morty Meekle and Winthrop and then just Winthrop on February 27, 1966.

## Publication history

Gag cartoonist Dick Cavalli—whose work appeared in magazines including The Saturday Evening Post and Collier's—had achieved such popularity by 1956 that Writer's Digest observed he had "risen to the top faster than any other cartoonist in the business." On January 9 of that year, Cavalli launched Newspaper Enterprise Association's syndicated comic strip Morty Meekle, featuring the courtship of the title character and his girlfriend, Jill Wortle, as well as Morty's travails at his low-level office job under boss E.G. Boomer. The strip gradually deemphasized the romance and work aspects in favor of what comics historian Maurice Horn called its "background chorus of snide youngsters with a perceptive take on the human condition." On February 27, 1966, Cavalli removed the adult characters and renamed the strip Winthrop, after Jill's kid brother, the most prominent of the young social critics.

## Cast

* Morty Meekle – office worker
* Jill Wortle – Morty's girlfriend
* Mr. and Mrs. Wortle – Jill's parents
* Winthrop Wortle – Jill's kid brother
* E. G. Boomer – Morty's boss

## Paperback collections

* Cavalli, Dick, "Morty Meekle", Dell collection – 1957
# TinyKittens Society

TinyKittens Society is a Canadian charity in Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada, supporting feral cats. The organisation was established as a non-profit in 2015 by Shelly Roche. It is associated with Langley Animal Protection Society, and often works with Mountain View Veterinary Hospital.
The society's volunteers trap, neuter and return (TNR) cats from the large colonies of feral cats in the area. Where possible, kittens and older cats are made available for adoption.
TinyKittens runs a livestream showing 24-hour footage of the kittens and cats being cared for by the society. There is an associated chat space. The group received news coverage for rescuing Cassidy, a disabled cat found as a feral kitten without his back legs, and Mason, an older feral cat with kidney disease who enjoyed the company of kittens.
In 2017 the charity supported kittens rescued from wildfires in Quesnel, and in 2021 rescued feral cats and lost pet cats during floods in the Fraser Valley.
In 2020, Roche said TinyKittens supports one to two hundred cats and kittens a year. In 2020, she said that the group spays and neuters about 200 cats a year. She noted that the charity does not have enough resources.
Social media is important to the charity. In 2019, the YouTube channel run by the organisation had 135,000 subscribers. In 2020, the number of views of the channel averaged three million a month. There were sixty volunteers working as moderators.
# EP (The Format EP)

EP was the first EP and first release by American rock band the Format. It was self-released on August 9, 2002. It was re-released on September 30, 2003 via Western Tread Recordings, which is owned by Jim Adkins of Jimmy Eat World. The success of "The First Single" on Phoenix rock radio station KEDJ caught the attention of many major record labels and ultimately led to The Format signing with Elektra Records.
There exists a rare demo of "At the Wake," with its former title "Piano Song" this version of the songs includes a longer intro (with some extra drums) and different lyrics.

## Color scheme

The original self-released version of EP had an orange color scheme, while The Western Tread re-release changes the color scheme of the artwork with each pressing. Western Tread's first pressing had a red color scheme, the second had a brown color scheme, the third had a green color scheme, and the 2016 vinyl reprinting of the EP had a salmon color scheme.

## Title

The simple title of this release caused much confusion among fans, leading many to believe it was either self-titled (i.e. "The Format") or called "The EP." The correct title is simply "EP."

## Track listing

All tracks written by Sam Means and Nate Ruess.
* "The First Single" – 4:26
* "At the Wake" – 4:22
* "One Shot, Two Shots" – 3:24
* "Let's Make This Moment a Crime" – 4:26
* "Even Better Yet" – 3:43

## Personnel

* Sam Means – piano, keyboards, guitars
* Nate Ruess – vocals

### Other personnel

* Bob Hoag – additional playing, recorded, produced, mixed and engineered
* Chris Serafini – additional playing
* Matt Murman – mastering