OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Calder House

Calder House is a historic Scottish country house in Mid Calder, Scotland, the family seat of the Sandilands family since 1348, and deemed to be one of the great Renaissance houses of Scotland.

## History

Calder House is located within the historical barony of Calder, adjacent the Kirk of Calder. Known as Calder Comitis, meaning "Earl's Calder", this covered the lands of Mid and West Calder which were originally possession of the Thanes (Earls) of Fife, the Douglas family. In 1348, upon the marriage of Eleanor Douglas, daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas to Sir James de Sandilands, the entire Barony was granted as a wedding gift to the Sandilands family.
In the 1560s, their descendant Sir James Sandilands was made the First Lord Torphichen by Mary Queen of Scots, commissioning the construction of a stately Mansion House on his lands. As a result, the current form of the house dates principally from this period, as attested by a drawing by Timothy Pont from around 1590. It has remained the family seat of the Sandilands Clan ever since.

## Architecture

Much of the present Calder House dates to the mid-16th century, and is built in a traditional L-plan form, with a main block three-storeys high. The massively thick walls are up to 8 feet (2.4 m), suggesting that this mansion house incorporates the walls of earlier fortalice/castle, and are constructed with random rubble. The end walls are gabled, and the roof is slated.
The north wing is four-storeys high, and was extended in the later 17th century, with further additions made c. 1780, 1820, and in 1880, in the re-entrant angle and on the west side of the wing.
The interior although greatly altered, exhibits three contiguous vaulted chambers in older part of first storey of main block, a drawing room (previously great hall) in the second floor with pine paneling and tall windows, a kitchen, and a fine scale-and-platt stair in wing.

## Notable Features

Calder House features a number of Gateways and Gate-lodge buildings scattered around the village, notably on Bank Street and Main Street.
It also incorporates a traditional brick-built 'cup and dome' Icehouse, dug into the North slope of the hill close by the House itself.
The East approach used to include the famous local landmark the "Dry Brig" (Dry Bridge), built around 1806 over Main Street when a new avenue was laid to the Mansion House, and subsequently demolished around 1959.
# Drama in the Air

Drama in the Air, also known as Tragedy in Mid-Air, is a 1904 French silent short film directed by Gaston Velle and distributed in France by Pathé Frères. The original French title is Un drame dans les airs. It is loosely based on the novel A Drama in the Air by Jules Verne.

## Plot

A gas balloon with two passengers lifts up in front of a large crowd of people. A close-up of the balloon's basket shows the aeronauts saluting and observing through a telescope the city of Paris, some boats and a rocky shore. Suddenly a storm breaks out, a flash of lightning sets fire to the balloon which falls into the sea. The passengers clinging to the basket are rescued by a man in a rowing boat.

## Distribution

Un drame dans les airs was distributed by Pathé Frères in 1904 in France, Italy and, under the title Drama in the Air, in the United States, where it was also distributed by the Kleine Optical Company, the Edison Manufacturing Company, and the Lubin Manufacturing Company. The film was also distributed in the United Kingdom under the title Tragedy in Mid-Air.

## Analysis

The programme for the Première of the film in Verdun on 27 August 1904 indicated as follows the titles of the 8 scenes: 1. Ballasting the Balloon. 2. The Departure. 3. In the air. 4. What is seen from the basket. 5. Terrible storm. 6. Lightning ignites the gas in the balloon. 7. Terrible fall of the aeronauts on the open sea. 8. The rescue.
Scenes 1 and 2 were shot on location and showed the real preparation and flight of a gas balloon. Scenes 3 and 4 alternated a studio shot of the balloon's basket in front of a painted backdrop figuring clouds with two men onboard looking through a telescope, and point of view iris shots showing what the aeronauts were watching: a panning shot of a city seen from a high point, a shot taken from a boat showing other boats on the sea and a shot of a rocky shore. Scene 5 consist of a studio shot of a balloon model in front of a panning background of clouds with added effects figuring rain and lightning. From 1:52, when the lightning hits the balloon, the film is hand coloured with the Pathécolor stencil process to show the balloon catching fire and exploding before falling. Scenes 6 and 7 consist of one shot filmed on location on a body of water and tinted blue.
# K. Shivanagouda Naik

K. Shivanagouda Nayaka is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a former minister of Karnataka. He was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Raichur district. He unsuccessfully contested the 2014 Lok Sabha election from Raichur against B V Nayak.
# Melmont, Washington

Melmont is a ghost town in Pierce County, Washington, USA. The town was founded in 1900 when the Northwest Improvement Company, a subsidiary of Northern Pacific Railway, started the Melmont coal mine. The town consisted of a schoolhouse, a train depot, a saloon, a hotel (which housed the post office, a butcher shop, and store), and rows of cottages that were used as housing for the miners. Each row accommodated a different nationality, the miners being seemingly self-segregated. The coal was used exclusively for use by Northern Pacific, and when they switched from steam locomotives to diesel and electric models, the economic base of the town was destroyed.

## History

By 1902, the mine was producing coal to be sent 3 miles (5 km) up the rails to Carbonado, where it was processed. During the sixteen years that the mine was worked, it produced approximately 900,000 tons (750 tons per day) of coal, which accounted for 4% of the total output of Pierce County.
On December 24, 1905, the house of Jack Wilson, then foreman of the mines, was bombed with a load of dynamite placed under the house. The explosion broke all the windows of the house, as well as those in the vicinity. At the time, Wilson and his daughter were sleeping in the house, but were unharmed by the explosion. David Steele, a miner at Melmont, was charged with the explosion, but was acquitted of the charges for lack of evidence.
In 1915, the Melmont Post Office was closed, and mail service to the town was done through Fairfax. The Northwest Improvement Company ceased operating in Melmont in 1918, but a few mines were opened by the Carbon Hill Coal Company, which operated from 1917 to 1919. At some point, the miners had affiliated themselves to the United Mine Workers as local #2963. By the early 1920s, the mines were all closed, and a forest fire destroyed most of what was left of the town. The last resident of Melmont was Andrew Montleon, who lived in the remaining basement of the second schoolhouse.
In 1920, the Melmont schoolhouse (the second one built) was torn down after Steven Poch bought it to use the lumber to build his own home. Today, all that remains of Melmont is part of the foundation of a bridge, a small building used for storing explosives, and the foundation of the schoolhouse.
# Members of the European Parliament (2009–2014)

Members of the European Parliament :
| 1952–1958 | (list) |
| 1958–1979 | (list) |
| 1979–1984 | (list, election) |
| 1984–1989 | (list, election) |
| 1989–1994 | (list, election) |
| 1994–1999 | (list, election) |
| 1999–2004 | (list, election, parliament) |
| 2004–2009 | (list, election, parliament) |
| 2009–2014 | (list, election, parliament) |
| 2014–2019 | (list, election, parliament) |
| 2019–2024 | (list, election, parliament) |
| 2024–2029 | (list, election, parliament) |
vte :
This is a list giving breakdowns of the members serving in the European Parliament session from 2009 to 2014, following the 2009 election. For a full single list, see: List of members of the European Parliament 2009–2014.

## MEPs

* MEPs for Austria 2009–2014
* MEPs for Belgium 2009–2014
* MEPs for Bulgaria 2009–2014
* MEPs for Croatia 2013–2014
* MEPs for Cyprus 2009–2014
* MEPs for the Czech Republic 2009–2014
* MEPs for Denmark 2009–2014
* MEPs for Estonia 2009–2014
* MEPs for Finland 2009–2014
* MEPs for France 2009–2014
* MEPs for Germany 2009–2014
* MEPs for Greece 2009–2014
* MEPs for Hungary 2009–2014
* MEPs for Ireland 2009–2014
* MEPs for Italy 2009–2014
* MEPs for Latvia 2009–2014
* MEPs for Lithuania 2009–2014
* MEPs for Luxembourg 2009–2014
* MEPs for Malta 2009–2014
* List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2009–2014
* MEPs for Poland 2009–2014
* MEPs for Portugal 2009–2014
* MEPs for Romania 2009–2014
* MEPs for Slovakia 2009–2014
* MEPs for Slovenia 2009–2014
* MEPs for Spain 2009–2014
* MEPs for Sweden 2009–2014
* MEPs for the United Kingdom 2009–2014

## Observers

* Observers for Croatia 2012–2013
# Mercedes-Benz M196 engine

The Mercedes-Benz M196 engine is a naturally-aspirated, straight-8, racing engine, designed, developed, and produced by Daimler-Benz; and used in both sports car racing and Formula One racing, between 1954 and 1955. Daimler-Benz made two versions of the engine, the M 196 R, displacing 2.5 litres, and the M 196 S, displacing 3.0 litres.
Mercedes pulled out of all motorsports after the 1955 Le Mans disaster. This was their last Formula One engine, and Mercedes did not return to motorsport as an engine manufacturer until 1994, when they supplied engines to the Sauber Formula One team.

## M 196 R

The new 1954 Formula One rules allowed a choice of naturally aspirated engines – up to 2.5 litres or 0.75 litres supercharged. The expected target range for competitive engines was 250 to 300 bhp (190 to 220 kW).
By its introduction at the 1954 French GP the 2,496 cc (152.3 cu in) (76.0×68.8 mm) desmodromic valves straight 8 M 196 R delivered 256 PS (188 kW). The M 196 was the only F1 engine with direct fuel injection, giving it a considerable advantage over the other carburetted engines.
For the 1955 season, Daimler-Benz improved its M 196 R engine by reducing the intake manifold length, increasing the engine power slightly to 265 PS (195 kW).
The latest iteration of the 2.5-litre unit eventually had a compression in the range of ε=12.0…12.5, produced up to 290 PS (213 kW) at 8500/min, and delivered a maximum torque of 25.8 kp⋅m (253 N⋅m) at 6450/min, equivalent to a BMEP of 13 kp/cm$^2$ (1.27 MPa).

## M 196 S

For the W 196 S race car, the M 196 engine was bored and stroked to 78 mm each (78.0 × 78.0 mm), and reduced in compression from ε=12 to about ε=9. The latter allowed using standardised petrol (98 RON) instead of high-octane race fuel required for the M 196 R. The M 196 S has a power output of 276 PS (203 kW) at 7,000 rpm, and produces a maximum torque of 31.7 kp⋅m (311 N⋅m) at 5,950 rpm. This is equivalent to a BMEP of 1.31 MPa (190 lbf/in$^2$).
The M 196 S is canted to the right at a 53° angle. It has two four-cylinder banks made of silumin with chromium-coated aluminium cylinder sleeves. Unlike typical car engines, the M 196 S has a crankshaft consisting of two Hirth joint halves with centre torque take-off. The silumin cylinder heads are crossflow heads and cast together with the cylinder banks (i. e. block and head are a single cast piece). Daimler-Benz fitted the engine with a dry-sump lubrication system, water cooling, and a direct fuel injection system. The ignition system is a traditional magneto system.

## Applications

* Mercedes-Benz W196
* Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR
# Computer Facts in Five

Computer Facts in Five is an educational video game published by The Avalon Hill Game Company in 1982.

## Gameplay

Computer Facts in Five is an adaptation of the board game Facts in Five in which each player in each round must supply five answers each to five separate classes of subject matter from popular topics to academic ones.

## Reception

Ed Curtis reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "When the desire comes upon you for a change from arcade games, or from fighting against some historic army or mythological beast, CFIF should definitely be considered. Played solitaire or as a party game (where its abilities shine best), this game, with the vast number of options combinations available, will continue to be enjoyable for years to come."

## Reviews

* PC Magazine - Nov, 1983
# Computer Foreign Exchange

Computer Foreign Exchange is a 1982 video game published by Avalon Hill.

## Gameplay

Computer Foreign Exchange is a game in which the player acts on behalf of an American company with international assets trying to accumulate money the fastest.

## Reception

Bob Proctor reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "this is a decent game and a good program provided you have someone to play with. The price is right and it only takes 16K!"
# Drama coal mine

The Drama Coal Mine is a coal mine in Greece. The mine is located in Drama regional unit in East Macedonia and Thrace. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 1 billion tonnes of lignite, one of the largest lignite reserves in Europe.
# Egyptian English Language School

Egyptian English Language School (EELS) is a private school in Alexandria, Egypt. It was founded in 2002 and offers: national education, IGCSE and American Diploma.
Notable alumni that graduated from the school include Ahmad Abbadi.
# Egyptian Empire Records

Egyptian Empire Records is the oldest electro record label owned by Egyptian Lover. Known for its unique style of electro music, it also has a political background because Egyptian Lover was the first Afroamerican Label Owner.

## Background

It was founded in 1983 by Egyptian Lover as Freak Beat Records. Since then, it has served us with uptempo Electro Beats pressed on Wax. During its first few years, it was the home of Uncle Jamm's Army. In 1985, it changed its name to Egyptian Empire Records. Several releases made it to the Billboard Charts and it was the Home of Rodney O and Joe Cooley.

## Notable Artists

* Egyptian Lover
* Rodney O and Joe Cooley
* Uncle Jamm's Army
* The Lover II
* 2 O'Clock
* His Majesti
# Arthur Beardmore

Arthur Beardmore (died 1771) was an English lawyer and a friend of John Wilkes.
Beardmore was an editor of the Monitor. On 6 November 1762 the Secretary of State for the Southern Department, Lord Halifax, issued warrants for the arrest of Beardmore. He was arrested on 11 November for publishing an article on the Princess Dowager and Lord Bute. He made sure he was arrested when he was teaching his son Magna Carta, an act which was commemorated in a popular print in 1764 after he won £1,000 in damages in May of that year.
# Trảng Dài, Biên Hòa

Trảng Dài is a ward located in Biên Hòa city of Đồng Nai province, Vietnam. It has an area of about 14.4km2 and the population in 2018 was 55,189.
# Dušan Hanák

Dušan Hanák (April 27, 1938 in Bratislava) is a Slovak film director.
Hanák graduated from the FAMU (Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts) in Prague in 1965. He began with a series of shorts at the Koliba film studios in Bratislava. Several of them received awards, and so did his first feature film 322 (the code for cancer in medical records of diseases, 1969).

## Career

Hanák followed 322 with the feature-length documentary Pictures of the Old World (Obrazy starého sveta, 1972), partly a meditation on what lies hidden beneath the concept of "an authentic life", a theme already addressed in 322. Although Hanák was treated with suspicion by the more repressive communist authorities that took over after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, he found an early refuge in a topic sufficiently removed from big politics to survive on the margins of official production while reaching wide international appeal. In one section, an old man talks with great fascination and lucidity about space travel, recalling how two astronauts walked on the Moon and collected rocks while a third circled in their spaceship. Tacked to the wall of his crumbling shack is a small photograph of men walking on the Moon. It is a work whose images could apply to Appalachia or any other poor region. Pictures of the Old World was ordered shelved a brief theatrical run. Yet despite the authorities' surly take on Hanák's films, his next venture, Rosy Dreams, turned out to be another original work. His film I Love, You Love won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.

## Filmography

* 322 (1969)
* Pictures of the Old World (1972)
* Rosy Dreams (1977)
* Silent Joy (1985)
* I Love, You Love (1989)
* Private Lives (1990)
* Paper Heads (1995)
# Beltecno Corporation

Beltecno Corporation (株式会社ベルテクノ) is a Japanese company based in Naka-ku, Nagoya that manufactures stainless steel products. It also manufactures kitchen equipment, bathroom fixtures, housing facility equipment, construction equipment and dyeing machines. The company was founded in 1947.
The company is listed in the JASDAQ Securities Exchange.

## History and timeline

In 1947, Suzuki-Shoten was established for manufacturing dyeing machines. Ten years later in 1957 Suzuki Seisakusho Co. Ltd was established with the aim of manufacturing and selling dyeing machines.
Then in 1960 Tokai Sink Co. Ltd was set up for the purpose of manufacturing and selling housing equipment. And in 1966 Tokai Sink Sales Co. Ltd was incorporated for the purpose of selling housing equipment.
When Suzuki Seisakusho Co. Ltd. merged with Tokai Sinku Co. Ltd and Tokai Sink Sales Co. Ltd in 1990, it changed its company name to Beltecno Co. Ltd.
Nearly ten years later the Beltecno Headquarter, Nagoya branch and the Manufacturing Department were certified by the International Quality Management System ISO9001 in 1998/1999. The company also incorporated Beltecno Giken East Co., Ltd. for manufacturing Stainless-Steel Reservoir.
In 2004, the corporation was listed on the JASDAQ Securities Exchange. And in 2006, the IGC Corporation, a subsidiary of Wood One Co., Ltd., implemented TOB and acquired 96.2% of the shares. Become a consolidated subsidiary of Wood One. It was later de-listed from JASDAQ Securities Exchange in 2007. Before becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of IGC Co., Ltd. through share exchange on March 1 that same year.
On February 1, 2008, a domestic housing equipment business was incorporated into Bell Kitchen Co., Ltd. through the inauguration and Bell Kitchen International Inc. in the United States to Bell Kitchen Co., Ltd. On April 23, the IGC Corporation transferred the shares of the company and the company Bell Dyeing to BT Holding Co., Ltd. The Suzuki family now owns all shares. The capital relationship with Wood One disappeared. On July 1 they merged with Bell Dyeing Co., Ltd.
In 2009, the company incorporated Beltecno India Private Limited. Neemrana plant was constructed in Rajasthan.
In July 2011, a merger absorbed the separate dyeing machine business to 'Belle Dyeing'.
# Chauratha

Chauratha is a village development committee in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2472 people living in 427 individual households.
# John Stokes (archdeacon of York)

John Stokes (died 29 April 1568) was Archdeacon of York and President of Queens' College, Cambridge.
Stokes was educated at The King's School, Canterbury and Queens' College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. 1540/1, M.A. 1544, B.D. 1549, D.D. 1564. He was a Fellow of Queens' College 1543–1560, and was also appointed one of the founding Fellows of Trinity College in 1546. He served as University chaplain and librarian (both 1556–1568), President of Queens' College 1560–1568, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge 1565–66.
In the church, Stokes was Archdeacon of York 1560–1568, Prebendary of Southwell Minster 1564–1568, and Vicar of Mexborough.
He died on 29 April 1568, and was buried in Queens' College chapel.
# William Sheridan

William Sheridan or Will Sheridan may refer to:
* William C. R. Sheridan (1917–2005), American Episcopalian bishop of Northern Indiana
* William Sheridan (bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh) (c. 1635–1711), Irish clergyman
* William Sheridan (politician) (1858–1931), Australian politician
* William E. Sheridan (1839-1887), American actor
* Will Sheridan (born 1985), American basketball player
* Will Sheridan (cricketer) (born 1987), Australian cricketer
* Bill Sheridan, American football coach
* Bill Sheridan (basketball) (1942–2020), American basketball player and coach
# Cotinis beraudi

Cotinis beraudi is a species of Cotinis scarab.
# Egyptian Equatoria

Equatoria was a Mudiriyah of the Khedivate of Egypt in the late 19th century. It was located in modern-day South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. Equatoria, as an Egyptian province, was created on the 26th of May, 1871, following the formal annexation of Gondokoro by Egypt, which was organized by Samuel Baker. Throughout its early existence, the provincial administration in Gondokoro was plagued by instability, as conflict with slave traders and the native Bari tribes meant that the governor only controlled the areas around the capital and the forts. However, during its later existence, Equatoria experienced a “golden period”, where the province was self-sufficient, prosperous, and the Egyptians under Emin Pasha maintained positive relations with both the interlacustrine kingdoms, and the surrounding tribes. Ultimately however, the outbreak of the Mahdist War in the Sudan which severed communications with Khartoum and Cairo, led to the fall of Equatoria, as Mahdist offensives led by Karam Allāh Muḥammad Kurkusāwī surrounded the Egyptian forts, which forced Emin to withdraw south to Wadelai, until he finally abandoned the province in early 1889, following an expedition sent to relieve his forces.

## Background

Egyptian interests in the upper White Nile region begun under the reign of Muhammad Ali. In 1839, he assigned Salim Qapudan to find the source of the White Nile. Salim reached Gondokoro, and published his reports regarding the number of resources such as gold, slaves, and the state of the local tribes. While permanent Egyptian authority was not established, the expedition opened up the possibility of future Egyptian expansion, which would be manifested in the 1870s.

### Initial expansion

In 1863, Isma'il became the Wāli of Egypt. Under his reign, the Egyptian interest in the White Nile was reinvigorated. Under the justification of ending slavery in the southern Sudan, the Egyptians managed to establish full control over the Upper Nile region

## Administrative divisions

At its greatest extent in 1882, Equatoria was divided into 10 different districts. These were:
* Rol
* Bor
* Lado
* Kiri
* Dufile
* Foweira
* Fadibek
* Latuka
* Makraka
* Monbuttu
# 友哉

友哉, meaning “friend, how (interrogative particle)”, is a masculine name, may refer to:
* Tomoya, Japanese masculine given name
* Yūya, Japanese masculine given name
# Trujillo Province (Venezuela)

Trujillo Province (1831–1864) was a province in the Zulia Department of Gran Colombia, and later one of the Provinces of Venezuela, after it split from Maracaibo Province in 1831 following the independence of Venezuela in 1830.

## History

It was originally created during the Venezuelan War of Independence from Maracaibo Province, and was reabsorbed by it several times with the fall of independence forces. One of the stars on the Flag of Venezuela represents Trujillo, as a signatory to the declaration of independence. The Province became part of Gran Colombia's Zulia Department in 1819.
In 1864 it became the Venezuelan state of Trujillo.

## Cantons

* Trujillo Canton - Trujillo
* Boconó Canton - Boconó
* Escuque Canton - Escuque
* Carache Canton - Carache