OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electoral district of Carrum

The electoral district of Carrum is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It lies in the south eastern suburbs of Melbourne, covering Bangholme, Bonbeach, Carrum, Carrum Downs, Patterson Lakes, Sandhurst, Seaford and Skye.
The seat was created in 1976 and traditionally has had a working class character and has been safe for the Labor Party. However, since the 1990s the area has been gentrifying and the seat was won by the Liberal Party against the trend at the 1996 election. However, the seat was narrowly recovered by Labor due to the Anti-Kennett swing in 1999 and the 'Brackslide' of 2002 reverted the seat to its original safe Labor status.
The 2013 redistribution significantly reshaped the seat, with the seat losing Aspendale, Edithvale and parts of Chelsea to the seat of Mordialloc and gaining Carrum Downs and Sandhurst from the seat of Cranbourne.
In the 2014 Victorian State Election, Labor MP Sonya Kilkenny defeated the Liberal incumbent to regain the seat.

## Members for Carrum

| Member | Party | Term |
| Ian Cathie | Labor | 1976–1988 |
| Mal Sandon | Labor | 1988–1996 |
| David Lean | Liberal | 1996–1999 |
| Jenny Lindell | Labor | 1999–2010 |
| Donna Bauer | Liberal | 2010–2014 |
| Sonya Kilkenny | Labor | 2014–present |

## Election results

2022 Victorian state election: Carrum :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Sonya Kilkenny | 21,586 | 49.9 | −3.1 |
| | Liberal | Bec Buchanan | 13,141 | 30.3 | −2.3 |
| | Greens | Jayde Lillico | 3,282 | 7.6 | +2.1 |
| | Freedom | Georgia Erevnidis | 1,750 | 4.0 | +4.0 |
| | Family First | Jeremy Cameron | 1,354 | 3.1 | +3.1 |
| | Animal Justice | Taylor Macgregor Owen | 1,201 | 2.8 | +2.8 |
| | Independent | Damian Willis | 986 | 2.3 | +2.3 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 43,294 | 95.2 | +1.1 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 2,183 | 4.8 | −1.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 45,477 | 88.7 | −1.7 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Sonya Kilkenny | 25,871 | 59.8 | −2.2 |
| | Liberal | Bec Buchanan | 17,423 | 40.2 | +2.2 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | −2.2 | |
# Electoral results for the Division of Spence

This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Spence in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 2019 until the present.

## Members

| Member | Member | Party | Term |
| | Nick Champion | Labor | 2019–2022 |
| | Matt Burnell | Labor | 2022–present |

## Election results
### Elections in the 2020s
#### 2022

2022 Australian federal election: Spence :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Matt Burnell | 46,596 | 43.86 | −7.10 |
| | Liberal | Shawn Lock | 27,153 | 25.56 | −0.27 |
| | Greens | David Deex | 12,052 | 11.35 | +4.14 |
| | One Nation | Linda Champion | 11,532 | 10.86 | +10.86 |
| | United Australia | Alvin Warren | 7,158 | 6.74 | −0.30 |
| | Australian Federation | Matilda Bawden | 1,736 | 1.63 | +1.63 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 106,227 | 95.05 | +1.03 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 5,534 | 4.95 | −1.03 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 111,761 | 86.57 | −3.97 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Matt Burnell | 66,818 | 62.90 | −1.23 |
| | Liberal | Shawn Lock | 39,409 | 37.10 | +1.23 |
| | Labor hold | Labor hold | Swing | −1.23 | |

### Elections in the 2010s
#### 2019

2019 Australian federal election: Spence :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Labor | Nick Champion | 51,791 | 50.96 | +5.79 |
| | Liberal | Kathleen Bourne | 26,252 | 25.83 | +5.13 |
| | Greens | Daniel Jury | 7,330 | 7.21 | +2.65 |
| | United Australia | Ron Fiedler | 7,157 | 7.04 | +7.04 |
| | Independent | Nathan Herbert | 5,473 | 5.39 | +5.39 |
| | Animal Justice | Rita Kuhlmann | 3,626 | 3.57 | +2.96 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 101,629 | 94.02 | −0.14 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 6,467 | 5.98 | +0.14 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 108,096 | 90.54 | +2.63 |
| Two-party-preferred result ||||||
| | Labor | Nick Champion | 65,174 | 64.13 | −3.04 |
| | Liberal | Kathleen Bourne | 36,455 | 35.87 | +3.04 |
| | Labor notional hold | Labor notional hold | Swing | −3.04 | |
# Cornufer admiraltiensis

Cornufer admiraltiensis is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It has been found on the Manus and Negros Islands in the Admiralty Archipelago. Scientists first found this frog near Tulu Village, 20 meters above sea level.

## Original description

* Stephen J. Richards; Andrew L. Mack; Christopher C. Austin (November 16, 2007). "Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ceratobatrachidae) from the Admiralty Archipelago, Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa (Abstract). 1639 (1): 41–59. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1639.1.3. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
# Cornufer akarithymus

Cornufer akarithymus is a species of frog in the family Ceratobatrachidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, on New Britain Island. It has been observed in three mountain ranges: Whiteman, Nakanai, and Baining.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Corvulus of Friuli

Corvulus (also Corvolus) was the Duke of Friuli for a brief spell in the early eighth century AD (c. 705 or 706). Virtually nothing is known about his origin and life; he replaced Ferdulf, but he apparently offended King Aripert II and was arrested and had his eyes gouged out. He "lived ignominiously" in shame as an obscure, blind exile thereafter, according to Paul the Deacon. He was ultimately replaced by Pemmo.

## Name

"Corvulus" literally means "little raven" in Latin, so this may have been a hypocoristic or Latinization for the duke's real birth name (as a likely ethnic Lombard who assimilated to Italo-Roman culture as many like him; cf. Rabanus Maurus, the first name from Old High German raban).

## Sources

* Paulus Diaconus. Historia Langobardorum. Translated by William Dudley Foulke. University of Pennsylvania: 1907.
* Hodgkin, Thomas. Italy and her Invaders. Clarendon Press: 1895.
| Preceded byFerdulf | Duke of Friuli 705 | Succeeded byPemmo |
* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cosmic Engineers

Cosmic Engineers is a science fiction novel by American author Clifford D. Simak. It was published in 1950 by Gnome Press in an edition of 6,000 copies, of which 1,000 were bound in paperback for an armed forces edition. The novel was originally serialized in the magazine Astounding in 1939.

## Plot introduction

The novel concerns a group of earthmen and a girl, who is awakened from suspended animation, being contacted by aliens with whom they join to prevent the collision of one universe with another.

## Reception

Groff Conklin found the 1950 text "has an old-fashioned and somewhat frenetic ring to it which, nevertheless, is rather pleasant." Damon Knight, however, panned the same edition as "a pot-boiler [which] should have been left interred" and noted that the 70th-century's inhabitants "talk, think, and act exactly like middle-class, middle-intellect 1930s Americans." P. Schuyler Miller reported the novel was "good fun, but nothing to weight you down with ideas."
Stephen King mentions Cosmic Engineers in Hearts in Atlantis, and also in his memoir On Writing, describing Simak's novel as "a terrific read".
# Cornwall baronets

The Cornwall Baronetcy, of Holcombe Burnell in the County of Devon, was a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 22 June 1918 for the coal merchant and politician Sir Edwin Cornwall. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1962.

## Cornwall baronets, of Holcombe Burnell (1918)

* Sir Edwin Andrew Cornwall, 1st Baronet (1863–1953)
* Sir Reginald Edwin Cornwall, 2nd Baronet (1887–1962)
# Li Yan

Li Yan may refer to:
* Li Yan (Three Kingdoms) (李嚴; died 234), Shu military officer during the Three Kingdoms period
* Emperor Wuzong of Tang (814–846), personal name Li Yan (李炎), emperor of the Tang dynasty of China
* Emperor Xizong of Tang (862–888), birth name Li Yan (李儼), emperor of the Tang dynasty of China
* Li Yan (Yang Wu) (李儼; died 918), politician during Tang Dynasty and Wu
* Li Yan (artist) (born 1977), Chinese artist
* Athena Lee Yen (李燕; born 1981), Taiwanese actress
* Yan Li (李彥; born 1955), Chinese-Canadian novelist

## Sportspeople

* Li Yan (speed skater) (born 1968), Chinese short track speed skater and coach
* Li Yan (volleyball) (born 1976), Chinese volleyball player
* Li Yan (cyclist) (born 1980), Chinese cyclist
* Li Yan (footballer, born 1980), Chinese footballer for Shaanxi Baorong
* Li Yan (footballer, born 1984), Chinese footballer for Guangzhou Pharmaceutical
* Li Yan (snooker player) (born 1992), Chinese snooker player
# Liam Harrison (rugby league)

Liam Harrison (born 13 December 1983) is a former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He played representative level rugby league (RL) for Ireland and Cumbria, and at club level for Barrow Island ARLFC (in Barrow Island, Barrow-in-Furness) and Barrow Raiders, with whom he spent his whole professional rugby league career, as a wing, centre, second-row or loose forward, and club level rugby union (RU) for North Walsham R.F.C. (in North Walsham, Norfolk).

## Background

Liam Harrison was born in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England, he was a pupil at Chetwynde School, and he is the older brother of the rugby league footballer; Ben Harrison.

## Playing career

Harrison joined his hometown club in 2005, having previously played for local amateur team Barrow Island. Harrison played with Barrow during several promotions and relegations between the Championship and League 1, the highlight of his time being Barrow's victory in the 2009 Championship, when Harrison was named in the league's team of the year. He reached 300 appearances for the Raiders in 2016, and retired at the end of the 2016 season. His testimonial match was held in Barrow between a Cumbrian XIII selected by Harrison, and the Scotland national team.
He is a former Ireland international, and has represented Cumbria against Tonga, and the United States as well as playing in the Rugby Union Counties Final at Twickenham.
# Corrections Victoria

Corrections Victoria is part of the Department of Justice and Community Safety in the Victorian Government, and is responsible for the provision of custodial and community-based services as an important element of the criminal justice system in the state of Victoria, Australia. In March 2018, Dr Emma Cassar was announced as the new Commissioner of Corrections Victoria to commence in June 2018.
The services provided include correctional centre custody of remand and sentenced inmates, parole, pre-sentence reports and advice to courts and releasing authorities, community service orders and other forms of community-based offender supervision. Offenders in custody and those supervised in the community are assessed for relevant interventions to reduce their risks of re-offending. Corrections Victoria works in partnership with other government and non-government justice and human services agencies in regard to inmates in custody and offenders in the community.

## History

The Office of Corrections (OOC) was established in August 1983 as a separate government department responsible for the management of adults corrections reporting to the Minister of Corrections. In October 1992, the Kennett government commenced a major prison reform program involving the private sector financing, designing, building and managing new prisons. The OOC was abolished and reconstituted as the Correctional Services Division within the new Department of Justice. In 1994, the government privatised prisoner transport, security and escorts to the higher courts. In 1995, the Office of the Correctional Services Commissioner (OCSC) was established within the Department of Justice, and in 1996, the CORE - the Public Correctional Enterprise was separately established also within the Department of Justice. The OCSC was responsible for monitoring the performance of all correctional services. CORE was responsible for managing the public prisons, Community Correctional Services and the Security and Emergency Services Group (SESG). In August 1996, the first private prison opened the Dame Phyllis Frost Centre followed by the Fulham Correctional Centre and the Port Phillip Prison in 1997. On 1 July 2003, the OCSC and CORE were amalgamated into a single entity Corrections Victoria to oversee corrections.

## Prison management in Victoria

Corrections Victoria oversees the management of Victoria's 11 public prisons in the Department's Regions.
* Barwon Prison
* Beechworth Correctional Centre
* Dame Phyllis Frost Centre (for women)
* Dhurringile Prison
* Hopkins Correctional Centre (Ararat)
* Langi Kal Kal Prison
* Loddon Prison
* Marngoneet Correctional Centre
* Melbourne Assessment Prison
* Metropolitan Remand Centre
* Tarrengower Prison (for women)
The Regions also run the Community Correctional Service on behalf of Corrections Victoria using around 50 different reporting centres.

### Private Prisons

* Fulham Correctional Centre, managed by GEO
* Port Phillip Correctional Centre, managed by G4S
* Ravenhall Correctional Centre, managed by GEO
# Native Plant Trust

The Native Plant Trust, founded in 1900 as the Society for the Protection of Native Plants, and long known as the New England Wild Flower Society, is the nation's first plant conservation organization. The society is dedicated to the preservation of native plants and operates Garden in the Woods (a native plant botanical garden) at its headquarters in Framingham, Massachusetts. It also offers courses on topics of conservation and horticulture of native plants, manages a "conservation corps" of volunteers throughout New England, operates several native plant sanctuaries, and offers nursery-propagated native plants for sale at its two nurseries.

## Initiatives

Seed banking is a strategy used by the Native Plant Trust to preserve the genetic diversity of endangered plant species for potential future re-introductions. In proceeding with reintroductions of endangered species, guidelines are to be followed which evaluates the benefits and risks when considering re-introductions.
The Native Plant Trust promotes ecological gardening to help create a healthier ecosystem in any ecoregion. For New England, they have assembled a list of some of the native species to plant as well as invasive species to avoid in their region for gardeners to keep in mind when gardening or buying seeds for their garden. The Native Plant Trust hosts events throughout the year including family activities, tours, and social gatherings.
# Cortical alveolum

The cortical alveolum (pl. cortical alveoli) is a cellular organelle consisting of a vesicle located under the cytoplasmic membrane, to which they give support. The term "corticate" comes from an evolutionary hypothesis about the common origin of kingdoms Plantae and Chromista, because both kingdoms have cortical alveoli in at least one phylum. At least three protist lineages exhibit these structures: Telonemia, Alveolata and Glaucophyta.

## Definition

Cortical alveoli have been defined as flattened membranous sacs or vesicles that strengthen the cellular cortex through the firm fixation to the underlying membrane and microtubules. They typically form a continuous layer that acts as a flexible film, although they can also constitute a semi-rigid structure or the scales of a theca.

## Occurrence

Cortical alveoli are the defining cellular characteristic of the protist clade Alveolata, otherwise united solely by molecular phylogeny. The name 'Alveolata' is a reference to this trait, present in all representatives of this group: the parasitic apicomplexans and perkinsozoans, the predatory ciliates and colpodellids, the chromerid algae, and the ecologically diverse dinoflagellates, as well as small basal flagellates collectively known as colponemids. A small phylum of eukaryotes, Telonemia, contains flagellated species that exhibit flattened alveoli, much like in Alveolata. Both groups share evolutionary affinity, comprising the TSAR supergroup along with Stramenopiles and Rhizaria.
In addition to the TSAR supergroup, the Archaeplastida supergroup contains a lineage of algae with cortical alveoli, known as Glaucophyta. All species of glaucophytes exhibit flattened membranous alveoli lying immediately below the plasma membrane, in every region of the cell except for the flagellar furrow. In addition, these alveoli may contain rigid plates that, similarly to thecate dinoflagellates, define the shape of the otherwise amorphous cell. The common morphological trait with alveolates has been used to propose a common evolutionary origin between the kingdoms Plantae (defined as Archaeplastida) and Chromista (containing alveolates). This is known as the "corticate" hypothesis, postulated by protozoologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith, but later rejected due to the non-monophyly of kingdom Chromista. Instead, both Archaeplastida and the TSAR supergroup are united in a clade known as Diaphoretickes, which contains the remaining chromist groups Haptista and Cryptista.

## Function

Although cortical alveoli are very diverse in shape and function among the different groups of protists, they always share the function of supporting the cytoplasmic membrane. In the case of apicomplexan parasites, they're related to the mobility and facilitate the invasion of host cells, and thus they have a considerable importance in medicine. In dinoflagellates the alveoli contain cellulose and compose the scales of their armor. Lastly, in ciliates they are part of the cortical complex that supports the extrusomes, the basal bodies of the cilia and the intricate cortical shell.
# Liberalism in Luxembourg

This article gives an overview of liberalism in Luxembourg. While liberal thought has had a long history within Luxembourg, organized political liberalism has only been since 1904 when the Liberal League was formed. It wasn't until 1925 that a liberal party became relatvant and since then, a liberal party has been one of the three major political forces in the Grand-Duchy. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. Not all parties listed have the word "liberal" in their names.

## History

Each of the following sections describes an element of Luxembourg's liberalism, beginning with the 20th century. The Democratic Party (Demokratesch Partei/Parti Démocratique, member LI, ALDE) is the traditional liberal party.

### From Liberal League to Radical Liberal Party

* 1904: The Luxembourgian liberals organised themselves in the Liberal League (Ligue Libérale)
* 1925: The Liberal League fell apart in the Radical Socialist Party (Parti Radical-Socialiste), the ⇒ Radical Party (1928) and the ⇒ Liberal Left
* 1931: The Radical-Socialist-affiliated Progressive Democratic Party of the North (Parti Démocratique Progressiste du Nord) was established.
* 1934: The liberal parties re-united into the Radical Liberal Party (Parti Radical-Libérale)
* 1937: The PDPN is renamed into the Liberal Party (Parti Libéral).
* 1940: The party is banned by Germany
* 1945: A new Liberal Party (Parti Libéral) was founded.
* 1950: The Liberal Party merged into the ⇒ Patriotic and Democratic Group.
* 1974: A new Liberal Party (Parti Libéral) seceded from the ⇒ Democratic Party.
* 1980: The Liberal Party disbanded.

### Liberal Left

* 1925: The Liberal Left (Gauche Libérale) seceded from the ⇒ Liberal League
* 1934: The liberal parties re-united into the ⇒ Radical Liberal Party

### Radical Party

* 1925: The Radical Party (Parti Radical) seceded from the ⇒ Liberal League
* 1934: The liberal parties re-united into the ⇒ Radical Liberal Party

### From Patriotic and Democratic Group to Democratic Party

* 1944: After the liberation liberals and members of resistance groups established the Patriotic and Democratic Group (Groupement Patriotique et Démocratique)
* 1952: The party is renamed into the Democratic Group (Groupement Démocratique)
* 1954: The party is renamed into the Democratic Party (Parti Démocratique or Demokratesch Partei)

## Prominent liberals

* Xavier Bettel
* Robert Brasseur
* Paul Eyschen
* Colette Flesch
* Lydie Polfer
* Gaston Thorn
# Cosmisoma debile

Cosmisoma debile is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. The beetle was found in Venezuela and Brazil. It was described by Monné & Magno in 1988.
# Lib

Lib may refer to:

## Computing

* Library (computing)
** .lib, a static library on Microsoft platforms
** /lib, a directory on Unix-like systems
* Lib-80, a Microsoft Library Manager tool; see Microsoft MACRO-80

## People

* Lib, one of two Jaredite kings in the Book of Mormon
* Hypocorism for Elizabeth (given name)
* Lib Spry, Canadian theatre director and playwright

## Politics

* Lib Dems (Japan)
* Shorthand for Liberal
** Supporters of the Liberal Party of Australia
* Liberation (disambiguation) (e.g. "women's lib")
* Libertarians

## Other uses

* Lib Island in the Marshall Islands
* Libra (constellation), astronomical abbreviation
* A library or institution housing books
# LibLAS

libLAS is a library for reading and writing geospatial data encoded in the ASPRS laser (LAS) file format, versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2. LAS-formatted data is heavily used in lidar processing operations. The LAS format is a sequential binary format used to store data from sensors and as intermediate processing storage by some applications.
libLAS software consists of base library with multiple application programming interfaces available for programming languages like C, C++, Python as well as languages available in .NET Framework and Mono. Also, a variety of useful command-line utilities is provided for translating LAS files from one version of the LAS format to another, inspecting header information, and translating LAS data to and from text.
Initial development of libLAS software was supported by the Iowa Geological Survey of the Iowa DNR for use in its statewide lidar project.
# Corumbá Lake

Corumbá Lake (Lago de Corumbá I) is an artificial lake formed by the damming of the Corumbá River in southern Goiás State, Brazil. It is located 10 km from the city of Caldas Novas, famous for its hot springs. The lake, which began to fill in 1996, supplies the hydroelectric plant, Usina Hidrelétrica Corumbá I. It is fed by the Pirapitanga River, Peixe River, Piracanjuba River and São Bartolomé River.
The deepest part of Corumbá Lake is near the dam and reaches 90 metres. The perimeter of the lake is quite irregular; to walk around it one would need to travel more than 100 kilometres.
With an area of 65 km², it is a popular location for water sports.
# Eliette and Herbert von Karajan Institute

The Eliette and Herbert von Karajan Institute was opened in 2005 by Eliette von Karajan to promote the artistic legacy of her late husband, the conductor, opera director and film maker Herbert von Karajan. The institute is located in Salzburg, the birth place of Herbert von Karajan. Its primary area of operations is the management of the musical legacy and the various brands associated with Herbert von Karajan.
The institute is active in the field of music technology, including the development of new applications for classical music, as well as hosting new event formats such as a series of Classical Music Hack Days as well as the Karajan Music Tech Conference. The institute has partnered with University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, the Mozarteum University of Salzburg, MIT and Harvard University. The institute is led by the German music and technology manager Matthias Röder.