OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# West Wittering

West Wittering is a village and civil parish situated on the Manhood Peninsula in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It lies near the mouth of Chichester Harbour on the B2179 road 6.5 miles (10.5 km) southwest of Chichester close to the border with Hampshire. The sandy beach was described as having excellent water quality in 2017.
The population in 1872 was 616. The 2001 census records a population of 2,684. There is a primary school.

## Governance

Wittering was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as comprising four households and a value of one pound. It was principally ploughing land, ploughed by two teams. The tenant-in-chief was Earl Roger of Shrewsbury under the lordship of Ralph of Bignor, whereas prior to the Norman Conquest it was privately owned.
In modern times, an electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward includes some of Birdham and at the 2011 Census had a total population of 4,472.

## Natural history

Part of the Site of Special Scientific Interest Bracklesham Bay runs in between the coastline in the parish.
Chichester Harbour, a Site of Special Scientific Interest is partly within the parish. This is a wetland of international importance, a Special Protection Area for wild birds and a Special Area of Conservation. The harbour is of particular importance for wintering wildfowl and waders of which five species reach numbers which are internationally important. The beach is situated on the Chichester Harbour, which is a protected Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The beach is well-known for its windsurfing and kitesurfing conditions. The beach is managed by the National Trust, and has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest due to its rare habitats and wildlife. It is considered to be one of the best beaches in the UK for swimming due to its clean water and gently sloping shoreline.

## Notable residents

* Michael Ball, actor and singer.
* Nicholas Lyndhurst, actor.
* Bevil Mabey (1916–2010), businessman and inventor.
* Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones.
* Lord Nicholas Gordon Lennox, diplomat and son of the Duke of Richmond.
* Sir Henry Royce, engineer, designer of Rolls-Royce cars and aero-engines. From 1917 until his death in 1933.
* Kate Winslet, actress, lives in West Wittering.
# Dunrae Manufacturing Ltd v CL North & Co Ltd

Dunrae Manufacturing Ltd v CL North & Co Ltd [[1988] 2 NZLR 602] is a prominent case regarding accord and satisfaction and its application in New Zealand.

## Background

CL North did some electrical work for Dunrae Manufacturing. Unfortunately, for reasons not explained in the judgement, the final bill exceeded the original estimate for the work subsequently done, resulting in Dunrae receiving 4 invoices from CL North totalling $14,049.93.
Dunrae paid the first two invoices, and disputed the remaining balance.
A few months later, Dunrae mailed CL North a cheque for $6,158.98, with an attached (brief and unsigned) note stating "Enclosed cheque is tendered in full and final payment of our account with you, accordingly our account is now clear", for which CL North later banked.
However, the Office Manager did not make any note of the attached letter, nor brought it to the attention of the management. The management stated in these proceedings that if this note had been brought to their attention, they would not have banked the cheque.
CL North then proceeded to continue invoicing Dunrae for the balance, for which they pleaded that there was no balance owing due to accord and satisfaction, a legal issue that the creditor could simply deny as they claimed that they had not even received the letter in the first place.
CL North then sued for the remaining balance of $2,591.45, and just before trial, the Office Manager then admitted they probably received the letter as claimed. Despite this setback, the creditor pursued its legal claim on the grounds that there was no legally binding agreement, and won judgement against the debtor in the District Court.
The debtor appealed.

## Held

The judge overturned the District court's ruling, meaning the remaining balance was not legally owed any more. Smellie J stated:
   …if the office lady banked the cheque when she should not have and failed to refer the note attached to it when she should have, the party to bear the consequences of these acts is clearly the Respondent [the creditor] and not the Appellant.
However, the judgement did not cover what would have happened if the creditor here had banked the cheque and promptly informed the debtor that it was not accepted has full satisfaction, as per Haines House Haulage Co Ltd v Gamble, or if banked by mistake, that it had immediately notified the debtor that it had been banked by mistake, and not accepted it as full satisfaction, as per Magnum v Viko.
# Kim Chung-tae

Kim Chung-tae may refer to:
* Kim Chung-tae (archer)
* Kim Chung-tae (gymnast)
# List of ecoregions in Guatemala

This is a list of ecoregions of Guatemala as defined by the World Wildlife Fund and the Freshwater Ecoregions of the World database.

## Terrestrial ecoregions
### Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

* Central American Atlantic moist forests
* Central American montane forests
* Chiapas montane forests
* Petén–Veracruz moist forests
* Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests
* Yucatán moist forests

### Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

* Central American dry forests
* Chiapas Depression dry forests

### Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests

* Central American pine-oak forests

### Deserts and xeric shrublands

* Motagua Valley thornscrub

### Mangroves

* Belizean Coast mangroves
* Northern Honduras mangroves
* Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves

## Freshwater ecoregions
### Tropical and subtropical coastal rivers

* Grijalva - Usumacinta
* Quintana Roo - Motagua
* Chiapas - Fonseca

### Tropical and subtropical upland rivers

* Upper Usumacinta

## Marine ecoregions
### Tropical Northwestern Atlantic

* Western Caribbean (includes the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef)

### Tropical East Pacific

* Chiapas-Nicaragua
# Turn It Up (Texas Hippie Coalition song)

"Turn It Up" is a song by American heavy metal band Texas Hippie Coalition. Released on June 13, 2012, it is the first single from Peacemaker, the third studio album from the ensemble. The song is the first by the band to chart on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart, peaking at number 39.

## Release

The lyric video was published on April 30, 2012, with the single being available for purchase on May 15, 2012. The song then went to radio on May 22, 2012, with an official music video released on June 14, 2012.

## Recording

Produced by director Clark Deal of Chaotic Studios, the music video for the song was filmed at Vinnie's Clubhouse (owned by Vinnie Paul of Pantera and Hellyeah) and features female adult entertainers dancing throughout the film to the signature red dirt metal sound of the ensemble. The song is about being addicted to music, and was an opportunity for dancers to perform alongside heavy metal music instead of the usual hip hop and pop music to which many are accustomed. Strategically placed in the plot footage were a Blessed Mother figurine on the automobile dashboard, a crucifix necklace on the rear view mirror as well as a picture of Dimebag Darrell (who was a connoisseur and owner of strip clubs) hung on the wall.

## Critical reception

Robert Bell of the Arkansas Times described the song as a "total strip-joint anthem about a preacher's daughter who finds means of employment outside of the flock". Todd Lyons of About.com stated that the composition "refers to the power of roaring Texas music to induce women to shed their clothing" and that it has "the first breath of fresh air on the album with an excellent middle-eight melody modulation".

## Personnel

* Big Dad Ritch – lead vocals
* John Exall – bass
* Randy Cooper – guitar
* Wes Wallace – guitar
* Timmy Braun – drums

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| US Mainstream Rock Songs (Billboard) | 39 |
# Novo Čiče

Novo Čiče is a village in Croatia, situated about 4 km south east from center of Velika Gorica. Novo Čiče is well known for its lake, created by gravel mining.
First records of the village date from 14th century when it was recorded as fiefdom near castle Želin.
# Corrections Association of New Zealand

The Corrections Association of New Zealand (CANZ) is a national trade union in New Zealand. It represents corrections staff within the New Zealand prison system run by the Department of Corrections and Serco. It has a membership of 3700. It is run by Prison based Corrections Staff for Corrections Staff. It is the largest prisons based union in New Zealand.
CANZ is not a member of the NZCTU but aligned with the Prison Officers Vocational Branch (POVB) of the CPSU in Australia.
# Myrtle Smith Livingston

Myrtle Smith Livingston (May 8, 1902 – July 15, 1974) was an American educator and playwright.

## Early life

Myrtle Athleen Smith was born in Holly Grove, Arkansas, in 1902, the daughter of Isaac Samuel Smith and Lulu C. Hall Smith. She graduated from high school in 1920. She studied pharmacy at Howard University for two years (1920-1922), and earned a Colorado teaching certificate in 1924. She later earned a master's degree in 1940, from Columbia University.

## Career

Livingston taught physical education at Lincoln University in Missouri, beginning in 1928. She created many of the school's athletic opportunities for women students, including organized team sports. In 1936, she founded a dance program at Lincoln, the Orchesis Group. During World War II, she taught first aid classes in the community. She retired from Lincoln University in 1972.
Livingston wrote For Unborn Children, a short play about interracial marriage and lynching. In 1926, it won a prize in the Spingarn competition sponsored by The Crisis magazine. It was the first play published in The Crisis. In 1951, the play became the basis of an opera, The Barrier, by Jan Meyerowitz. "Although controversial in nature, the play presents a forum for discussing an issue that continues to haunt our society," note the editors of a recent complication of African-American dramas. She wrote another short play, Frances.

## Personal life

Myrtle A. Smith married William McKinley Livingston, a doctor, in 1925. She died in 1974, in Hawaii, aged 72 years. There is a Myrtle Smith Livingston Park, with tennis courts, on the campus of Lincoln University.
# Eucalyptus nobilis

Eucalyptus nobilis, commonly known as ribbon gum or giant white gum, is a species of medium to tall tree that is native to northern New South Wales and south-east Queensland. It has a long, straight trunk with smooth, greyish bark that is shed in long ribbons, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped or hemispherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus nobilis is a tree that typically grows to a height of 50–70 m (160–230 ft) with a long, straight trunk and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, white and pale grey bark that is shed in long ribbons. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, glossy green leaves that are 50–150 mm (2.0–5.9 in) long, 14–65 mm (0.55–2.56 in) wide and arranged in opposite pairs. Adult leaves are lance-shaped to curved, the same shade of glossy green on both sides, 85–210 mm (3.3–8.3 in) long and 10–30 mm (0.39–1.18 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 10–27 mm (0.39–1.06 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 6–12 mm (0.24–0.47 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels about 5 mm (0.20 in) long. Mature buds are oval to spindle-shaped, 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from February to May and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped or hemispherical capsule 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long and 4–9 mm (0.16–0.35 in) wide with the valves strongly protruding.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus nobilis was first formally described in 1990 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill in the journal Telopea, from specimens collected by Johnson near Nowendoc in 1984. The specific epithet (nobilis) is a Latin word meaning "noble" or "excellent", referring to the tall, straight habit of this eucalypt.

## Distribution and habitat

Ribbon gum grows in tall forests on deep, fertile soils on the ranges from the southern Darling Downs in Queensland, extending south to the ranges of the Northern Tablelands and Liverpool Range.
# Ethmia randyjonesi

Ethmia randyjonesi is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It is found in Costa Rica, where it has been recorded from the Cordillera Volcánica de Guanacaste, Tilarán and Cordillera Volcánica Central at altitudes ranging from 500 to 1,200 meters (1,600 to 3,900 ft). The habitat consists of rain forests.
The length of the forewings is 15.9–16.4 mm (0.63–0.65 in) for males and 16.4–16.7 mm (0.65–0.66 in) for females. The ground color of the forewings is whitish, with a series of elongated dark markings. The hindwing ground colour is whitish, becoming brownish at the apex.

## Etymology

The species is named in honor of Randy Jones for his support of the beginning and growth of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad.
# What If (Friends song)

"What If" is a song by Swedish singer Darin featuring Friends. The song was released as the fourth single from Darin's fourth studio album, Flashback as a bonus track. The song is an anti-bullying song, written by David Jassy and produced by the Swedish producers Twin.

## Music video

A music video was shot to accompany the song, featuring Darin. It also displayed victims of bullying in various contexts, most notably participating in sports and social activities.

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 51 |
# Dunrankin, Ontario

Dunrankin is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Kirkwall Township, in the Unorganized North part of Algoma District in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental railway main line between the dispersed rural community of Peterbell to the west and the railway point of Agate to the east, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains. The place is on the Dunrankin River, a left tributary of the Kapuskasing River.

## History

Dunrankin is part of a section of what was originally the Canadian Northern Railway that was under construction from 1913 to 1915.
The westbound Canadian National "Super Continental" collided head-on with a freight train that was leaving a siding and entering the main line near Dunrankin, Ontario, on August 2, 1967. The engineer and fireman on the Super Continental and the engineer and a brakeman on the freight train were all killed. One passenger was taken to hospital, while the other 150 passengers sustained no or only minor injuries. A fire started from oil spilled from the locomotives, but the fire was quickly put out from the help of nearby section hands who organized a bucket brigade with sand to smother the flames.
# Thienopyridine

Thienopyridines are a class of selective, irreversible ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors used for their anti-platelet activity. They have a significant role in the management of cardiovascular disease.

## Clinical Uses

They are used in the management of peripheral artery disease, as well as the prevention of coronary stent thrombosis and strokes.

## Examples

Drugs in this class include: clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), and ticlopidine (Ticlid).
Tinoridine was actually a predecessor to this work.

## Alternatives

Ticagrelor (Brilinta) is often listed with thienopyridine inhibitors and has similar indications for use but is not a thienopyridine. It is a cyclo-pentyltriazolo-pyrimidine that is distinct from the mechanism of the thienopyridines in that it reversibly (rather than irreversibly) inhibits the P2Y$_{12}$ receptor.
# Serdar Kuyucak

Serdar Kuyucak (born 19 February 1954) is a Turkish-born Australian physicist, an Associate Professor at the University of Sydney, Australia. His research interest include the study of ion transport across membrane channels using Brownian and molecular dynamics (BD and MD) methods and the solution of spectrum generating algebras (interacting boson model, vibron model) using the 1/N expansion method, and their application to problems in nuclear and molecular spectroscopy.
When at the Australian National University, he was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after being nominated by their Forum on International Physics in 2001, for codevelopment of the 1/N boson expansion technique for describing the properties of medium- to heavy- mass nuclei and for its extensions to high-spin states and subbarrier fusion as well as for his significant contributions to the promotion of international physics. He is also a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics.
# Rolf Knie

Rolf Knie (born 16 August 1949 in Bern) is a Swiss painter and actor.
# Villa Sonador

Villa de Sonador is a town in the Monseñor Nouel province of the Dominican Republic.

## Sources

* World Gazeteer: Dominican Republic at archive.today (archived 2012-12-04) – World-Gazetteer.com
18°52′23″N 70°21′45″W﻿ / ﻿18.87318°N 70.36243°W﻿ / 18.87318; -70.36243
* This Dominican Republic location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Psilorhynchus tenura

Psilorhynchus tenura is a critically endangered fish found in genus Psilorhynchus. It is endemic to the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India, where it is restricted to two locations on the Tunga River near Sringeri and also at Korkanhalla inside Kudremukh National Park in Karnataka. It is found in streams and rivers with beds made up of sand, pebbles and gravel.
# Eucalyptus normantonensis

Eucalyptus normantonensis, commonly known as Normanton box, is a species of mallee, rarely a small tree, that is endemic to northern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on some or all of the stems, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and cylindrical, barrel-shaped or shortened spherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus normantonensis is a mallee, rarely a small tree, that typically grows to a height of 5–8 m (16–26 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on some or all of the stems and smooth brownish bark above. Young plants have elliptical to lance-shaped leaves that are 40–95 mm (1.6–3.7 in) long, 12–40 mm (0.47–1.57 in) wide and petiolate. Adult leaves are the same shade of glossy green on both sides when mature, lance-shaped to curved, 50–110 mm (2.0–4.3 in) long and 7–20 mm (0.28–0.79 in) wide, tapering to a petiole 8–22 mm (0.31–0.87 in) wide. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets in groups of seven, nine or eleven on a branched peduncle 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with a rounded to blunt conical operculum. Flowering occurs in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cylindrical, barrel-shaped or shortened spherical capsule 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with the valves usually below the level of the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus normantonensis was first formally described in 1919 by Joseph Maiden and Richard Cambage in Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales from specimens collected by Cambage near Normanton. The specific epithet (normantonensis) refers to the town in Queensland, where the type specimen was collected.

## Distribution and habitat

Normanton box is found in widely dispersed populations in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland between the hot, arid north-eastern part of the Gibson Desert and the hot, monsoonal south-eastern hinterland of the Gulf of Carpentaria. It grows in low, open woodland on flats, undulating areas and drainage lines.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia) and as "least concern" under the Northern Territory Government Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1976 and the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Ethmia reposita

Ethmia reposita is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Alexey Diakonoff in 1968. It is found on Mindanao in the Philippines.
The wingspan is about 25 mm (0.98 in). The forewings are glossy grey, with a faint purplish tinge. The spots are dull black, very faintly encircled with paler. There is a suffused spot beyond the base of the costa, connected with a narrow short marginal strigula, as well as a round spot on the fold well beyond the base and two larger oval spots representing the discal stigmata. There are also three smaller, somewhat elongate spots between the cell and margin and eight or nine small marginal subquadrate or fasciate spots along the costa before the apex, in the apex and along the termen to the tornus. The hindwings are light fuscous grey, becoming somewhat darker towards the apex.
# Western Berber languages

The Western Berber languages are a branch of the Berber languages. They comprise two languages:
* Zenaga
* Tetserret
Zenaga is spoken in southwestern Mauritania while Tetserret is spoken in central Niger. They appear to have influenced the Algerian Songhai language Korandje.
The label "Western Berber" was first used in a classificatory sense by Aikhenvald and Militarev (1984) in reference to Zenaga alone. (Tetserret data was not available to them.)
Sound changes characteristic of this subgroup include the reflex of proto-Berber *ww as *bb (elsewhere gg/ggʷ) and *w (elsewhere retained) as *b after consonants; of *x (elsewhere retained) as *k; of *ṭṭ as ḍḍ (elsewhere ṭṭ); and of *ẓ as a voiceless fricative ṣ (Tetserrét) or θ̣ (Zenaga).
# Dunton

Dunton is the name of more than one place.
In the United Kingdom:
* Dunton, Bedfordshire
* Dunton, Buckinghamshire
* Dunton, Norfolk
* Dunton Bassett, Leicestershire
* Dunton Green, Kent
* Dunton, Essex
* Dunton Wayletts, Essex
* Dunton Technical Centre, Essex
# Thienhaus v Metje & Ziegler

Thienhaus NO v Metje & Ziegler Ltd and Another is an important case in South African property law. It was heard in the Appellate Division, by Steyn CJ, Van Blerk JA, Ogilvie Thompson JA, Williamson JA and Wessels JA, on 22 February 1965, with judgment handed down on 1 April.

## Facts

G owed money to M, the respondent. The debt was secured by a mortgage on property belonging to B, in favor of M. However, there was an error in the wording of the mortgage bond, as it incorrectly stated that the debt was owed by SG, who happened to be the sole shareholder of G.
When B became insolvent, T was appointed as the liquidator. M sought a preferential right based on the mortgage bond, but this claim was rejected by T on the grounds that, due to the factual inaccuracy in the mortgage bond, the mortgage had not come into existence.

## Judgment

The court held, firstly, that a mortgage bond may be used both as an instrument of hypothecation and also as a record of debt, and secondly that it is matter of custom in drafting mortgage bonds to incorporate an admission of liability by the mortgagor to facilitate a quick and easy remedy.