OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Beaver v R

Beaver v The Queen [1957] is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the mens rea requirement in criminal law to prove "possession". The Court held that an offence based on possession, such as possession of a narcotic, requires the Crown to prove that the accused had subjective knowledge of the nature of the object in possession.

## Background

Louis Beaver and his brother Max Beaver were arrested selling heroin to an undercover RCMP officer and charged with possession and sale of an illegal narcotic under the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act. Max was the one in actual physical possession of the drug but Louis was charged by association as he knew Max had the heroin.
In defence, Louis claimed that he thought the package was milk sugar and that they were only trying to defraud the RCMP officer.
At trial, the judge instructed the jury by telling them that if they find that they were in possession their actual knowledge was irrelevant.
The issue before the Supreme Court was whether a conviction based on possession requires knowledge of the nature of the object.

## Opinion of the Court

The Court held that knowledge was required. Cartwright J., writing for the majority stated that it is a fundamental principle of criminal law that the Mens rea of an element of an offence must be proven to secure a conviction. It has been established that provisions in the Drug Act are criminal law, and that any offence that allows a punishment of prison requires proof of mens rea.
The Court held that Beaver did not know the character of the substance, and he was acquitted of possession. However, he did represent the substance as a narcotic and therefore was convicted on the charge of selling a narcotic.
# Kwadwo Mpiani

Kwadwo Okyere Mpiani is a Ghanaian financial advisor, management consultant and politician. He served as chief of staff and minister of presidential affairs in the John Kufuor Administration. He also served a member of parliament representing Mampong South in the Ashanti Region in the 3rd Republic of Ghana from 1979 to 1981. He is a member of the New Patriotic Party.

## Early life and education

Mpiani attended Prempeh College in Kumasi between February 1955 and December 1961 where he had his secondary school education. He later attended the University of Ghana from October 1963 to June 1966 and graduated with a Bachelor in Administration in 1966.
Mpiani also attended the Arthur D. Little Institute for Economics from September 1968 to July 1969,

## Career

Mpiani worked for the Capital Investment Corporation which is now Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) and later at the National Investment Bank. By 1974, he had been promoted to serve as head of the National Investment Bank's investment development department. In 1978 he became Bank's managing director.
He is a board member of the John Agyekum Kufuor Foundation (JAK), a foundation set up by John Agyekum Kufour to promote leadership through a scholars programme, governance though public lectures and advocacy and also ensuring sustainable development and growth through empowerment, advocacy and partnerships with other companies.

## Political career

Between 1979 and 1981 Mpiani served as a member of the Ghanaian parliament in the only parliament in the 3rd Republic with Hilla Limann as president. During this period he was an active member of Finance Committee and the Economic Committee of parliament.
After the military coup of December 31, 1981 by Jerry Rawlings , Mpiani went into political exile, first in the Ivory Coast and later in Great Britain. He returned to Ghana only after the end of the military dictatorship in 1992 under the then elected President Jerry Rawlings.
From 2005 to 2009, Mpiani served as Minister for President's Affairs and Chief of Staff of the Presidency of President John Agyekum Kufuor. He had oversight of the aviation sector from 2005 to 2006. In April 2006, a whole ministry was created and Gloria Akuffo was appointed Minister of Aviation whilst Mpiani remained Minister for President's Affairs and Chief of Staff.
# Camp Lake (Antarctica)

Camp Lake (68°33′S 78°5′E﻿ / ﻿68.550°S 78.083°E﻿ / -68.550; 78.083) is a small lake lying 0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) west of the head of Weddell Arm on Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills. Mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. So named because when first visited by an ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) party in January 1955, a camp was established near the northeast end of the lake.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Camp Lake (Antarctica)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Antarctica or antarctic or sub-antarctic islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Patricia Lago

Patricia Lago is an Italian computer scientist. She is a full professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where she leads the Software and Sustainability Research Group S2, which she established and has led since 2011. Her research interests are software engineering, software architecture and software sustainability.

## Education and career

   My approach to academic research is characterized by action research driven by social- and industry-relevant research problems and exploitation of empirical research methods
Lago took her master's degree in computer science at the Università degli Studi di Pisa in 1992, and in 1996 a Ph.D. degree in control and computer engineering at the Politecnico di Torino. After completing her Ph.D. degree, she was associated with the Politecnico di Torino as a postdoctoral researcher and then as an assistant professor until 2003. Since 2003 she has been employed at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, first as an associate professor, and since 2015 as professor.
The aim of Lago's research is to create software engineering knowledge that makes software better, smarter and more sustainable. The research has been applied to areas such as smart cities, digital transformation and digital healthcare. She has been an editor for several key professional journals and chaired program boards for important international research conferences.
In 2022, Lago was the recipient of an Honorary Doctorate, dr.h.c., from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
# Peperomia umbrigaudens

Peperomia umbrigaudens is a species of epiphyte from the genus Peperomia. It was first described by Truman G. Yuncker and published in the book "Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 37(1): 81. 1950. (31 Mar 1950)". It primarily grows on wet tropical biomes.

## Distribution

It is endemic to Colombia and Panama
* Colombia
** Antioquia
*** Urrao
*** Frontino
** Chocó
*** San José del Palmar
* Panama
** Coclé
*** La Pintada
** Colón
*** Portobelo
** Darién
** Panamá Oeste
*** Capiro

## Description

It is a rhizomatous succulent herb with alternate leaves that are rounded-ovate to up to 11 cm broad, obtuse or subacute at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, open sinus, and sat scattered villous below to the veins more densely villous; the petiole can grow up to 15 cm long, quite slender, hairy near the plate, glabrous below, with solitary spikes; the peduncle is about 6 cm long and clearly hairy; the ovary is subturbinated, the apex is submammiform, and the apical stigma is occasionally bifid.
It resembles Peperomia asarifolia but differs because of the pubescence of the leaves, petioles, and peduncles (due to longer peduncles, etc.).
# Maxwell Rich

Maxwell Evans Rich (August 13, 1913 – July 29, 1979) was a major general in the United States Army. He also served as an Adjutant General of the Utah National Guard. He was an Executive Vice President of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA).

## Background

As Executive Vice President of the NRA from 1970 to 1977, succeeding General Franklin Orth and followed by Harlon Carter, he was part of the "Old Guard". He planned to sell the NRA HQ in Washington, DC, and move it to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and to reduce the organization's political involvement. He sought to return the NRA to what he saw as its heritage of shooting sports and marksmanship. However members of his own staff disagreed. A grassroots movement led by Neal Knox and Harlon Carter ousted Rich and the "old guard" as a result of the so-called "Cincinnati Revolt" or "Cincinnati Coup", which occurred at the 1977 annual meeting.
# MS Maetsuycker

MS Maetsuycker was a Dutch cargo ship built in 1936 and later converted to a hospital ship, cargo ship and troopship, before being sold for merchant use in 1960 and eventually scrapped in 1974. She was named after Dutch colonial governor Joan Maetsuycker (1606–1678).

## Construction and career

She was laid down and launched in 1936 and commissioned in 1937. She was owned by Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM) of Batavia, Dutch East Indies.
MS Maetsuycker was used as a cargo ship until 1942. She escaped the Dutch Netherlands during the invasion of the Imperial Japanese and set off to Sydney, Australia. In Australia, she was assigned to the Australian Merchant Navy and US Army.
While in the Australian Merchant Navy and US Army Transportation Corps, MS Maetsuycker served as a troop transport and logistic supply ship. Her crew were mainly made out of Australians.
In 1944, she was converted to a hospital ship and designated as AHS Maetsucker in Melbourne with a medical staff were from US Army 196th Station Hospital. She operated in northern New Guinea which including Oro Bay, Milne Bay, Finchafen, Lae and Aitape and Hollandia, then delivering the patients back to Brisbane, Australia for treatments in early 1944. On 23 June, AHS Maetsuycker while off Bosnik, took onboard Captain Cyrus Taylor of PT-193 in who sadly died from his wounds aboard the ship. On 24 December she arrived in Leyte Gulf in the Philippines and was stationed at Tacloban.
After the war, she was refitted in 1947 and passed ownership to the Royal Interocean Lines (KJCPL) in Amsterdam renamed, sold to several owners and renamed again Tong Han, Gavina, Paceco, Gambela, Gamsolo and Hysan from 1960 to 1971. Finally, scrapped and broken up at Kaohsiung, Taiwan in 1974.
# C20H12N2Na2O7S2

The molecular formula C$_{20}$H$_{12}$N$_2$Na$_2$O$_7$S$_2$ (molar mass: 502.42 g/mol, exact mass: 501.9881 u) may refer to:
* Acid_Red_13
* Azorubine
* Ponceau 6R
# Beaverboard

Beaverboard (also beaver board) is a fiberboard building material, formed of wood fibre compressed into sheets. It was originally a trademark for a lumber product built up from the fibre of clean white spruce made from 1906 until 1928 by the Beaver Manufacturing Company at their plant in Beaver Falls and marketed from their headquarters on Beaver Road, in Buffalo, New York.
Beaverboard has occasionally been used as a canvas by artists. The painting American Gothic (1930) by Grant Wood was painted on a beaverboard panel.
# William Hutchinson (rugby, born 1856)

William Hutchinson (1856–1880) was a rugby union international who represented England from 1876 to 1877.

## Early life

William Hutchinson was born on 1856 in .

## Rugby union career

Hutchinson attended and played his club rugby for the Royal Indian Engineering College (Cooper's Hill). He was selected to play for England in 1876 and made his international debut on 6 March 1876 at The Oval in the England vs Scotland match. His debut was described as "a very brilliant first appearance" and he was described as a first-rate half-back, a quick starter, with a very fair amount of pace, an unselfish player, and good tackle. His second and final match was on 5 February 1877 at The Oval in the England vs Ireland match. This match was the first international to be played with fifteen a-side, making Hutchinson one of the few players to have played international matches in both 20 and 15 a-side eras. Eight minutes into the match Hutchinson ran in for a try and later scored again, making him England's record try scorer at that point.
Hutchinson's military career was to take him to India and it was this which curtailed his rugby playing career. Whilst in India, he died in 1880.
# Kwaku Boateng

Kwaku Boateng may refer to:
* Kwaku Boateng (high jumper) (born 1974), Canadian high jumper
* Kwaku Boateng (politician) (c.1926–2006), cabinet minister in Ghana in the early 1960s
* Kwaku Boateng (Canadian football) (born 1995), Canadian football player
* Kwaku Agyenim Boateng (born 1972), Ghanaian politician
# Camillo Pabis Ticci

Camillo Pabis Ticci (1920–2003) was an Italian bridge player. He joined the national Blue Team in 1963 and played in the Bermuda Bowl tournament with Giorgio Belladonna, whose long-time partner Walter Avarelli was unavailable. From 1964 he played with Massimo D'Alelio, winning 8 world championship titles.
Born in Florence, Pabis-Ticci was an engineer by profession. For many years he wrote "a bridge column in the magazine l'Europeo which was the most successful of its kind in Italy". Beside the Arno bidding system that he and D'Alelio used, he developed the standard system of Tuscany, in effect.

## Books

* I princìpi del bridge (Milano: Biblioteca universale Rizzoli, 1975-1977), 2 volumes OCLC 3869562
* Smazzate in evidenza e ricordi in vetrina: in appendice I problemi di re Nabob, Guido Barbone and Pabis Ticci (Milano: Mursia, 1976), 399 pp. OCLC 5413980
* Il bridge è un gioco d'azzardo? (Roma: Marraro, 1979), 254 pp. OCLC 66007829

## Bridge accomplishments
### World championships

Pabis Ticci won eight world championships, all as one of six players on the Italy open team-of-four.
* Bermuda Bowl (5) 1963, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969
* World Open Team Olympiad (3) 1964, 1968, 1972
Runners-up: none. Italy did not finish second between 1951 and 1976.

### European championships

Pabis Ticci did not win the European Teams Championship, as the Blue Team did four times from 1956 to 1959. Italy qualified for every Bermuda Bowl from 1961 to 1970 as defending champion and Blue Team members did not generally play for Italy at the European level.
Runners-up
* European Open Teams (2) 1962, 1963
# Brittany Nelson

Brittany Nelson is an American artist. She works in the medium of camera-less photography.

## Career

Nelson was born in 1984 in Great Falls, Montana. She got her Bachelor of Arts in Photography from Montana State University in 2007, and her MFA in Photography from Cranbrook Academy of Art in 2011.
Nelson is an Assistant Professor of Photography at the University of Richmond since 2017. She has lectured at the Rhode Island School of Design, Parsons The New School, Cranbrook Academy of Art, SUNY New Paltz, and the Minneapolis College of Art and Design.
Nelson is the recipient of a 2015 Creative Capital Grant in Visual Arts. She is represented by Patron Gallery in Chicago. She has exhibited at the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit, Bonniers Konsthall Stockholm, and the Brooklyn Academy of Music, among others.

## Personal life

Nelson lives in Richmond, Virginia.

## Reviews

In 2016, the New Yorker referred to Nelson's Mordançage series as "Oozing out of their frames, viscous and glittering, the largest works in Nelson’s show suggest hot lava or tar. But the roiling abstractions are actually cameraless photographs. Ranging in size from three to six feet square, they balance earthy physicality with otherworldliness—we could be looking at views of the earth’s core or outer space."
In reference to the same series of work, Taylor Glascock of Wired wrote: "Instead of making pictures with a camera, she creates fascinating textures and patterns using black and white photo paper and chemicals in an obscure process that's just a bit dangerous."
Regarding queer desires, politics, and science fiction, particularly by Alice B. Sheldon alias James Tiptree Jr., in Nelson's work, Lauren Deland of frieze wrote in 2019: "Nelson succeeds admirably in conveying the urgency of these yearnings without romanticizing the desperate sense of nonbelonging that often spurs them." Jeremy Lybarger of Art in America called her series of large-scale bromoil prints depicting landscapes of Mars taken by the Opportunity rover "an affective combination, one that echoes the juxtaposition of technology and human intervention."
Collector Daily highlighted Nelson's Tintype series as "muted, ghostly images [that] shift and turn in sequence, like they are emerging from fog, their object quality and physical presence becoming important parts of how we address them." The magazine lauded her revision of photo-historical processes because "Nelson’s works feel freshly contemporary – her dissections of these processes extend them to riskier locales, where their strengths can be applied to new visual problems."
When asked about her revisiting of traditional photographic techniques in an interview in Aesthetica, Nelson highlighted the value of what are commonly considered anomalies in the chemistry for her practice: "I, in turn, go to great lengths to create these failures."

## Major works

* Mordançage (2010–present)
* Tintype series (2016–present)
# Wenhua Qiaoliang Trilingual National School

Wenhua Qiaoliang Trilingual National School (文化桥梁三语国民学校 Wenhua Qiaoliang Sanyu Guomin Xuexiao, literally "Cultural Bridge Three-language National School") in Bali, Indonesia, is the first government-established Chinese-using school in Indonesia. It was founded with some 300 students in 1966. The three languages used are Chinese, Indonesian and English. The student body is mainly composed of overseas Chinese, ethnic Indonesians, and those of European descent.
# Mazhar Abro

Mazhar Abro (Sindhi: مظھر ابڙو) is a prominent short story writer, novelist, playwright and poet from Sindh, Pakistan. His literary appreciation began with the "Shah Abdul Lateef Bhittai National Award" by Pakistan Academy of letters Islamabad.

## Early life

Mazhar Abro was born as Mazhar Hussain Abro. He was born to Manzoor Hussain Abro on 25 April 1971 in village Kolab Jial of Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan.
Abro completed his early education at his village Kolab Jial, Khairpur and then his secondary education at Comprehensive High School, Khairpur. He affiliated himself with Pakistan Degree College, Khairpur for Graduation, and obtained a master's degree in Sindhi literature and economics from Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur.

## Contribution

Mazhr Abro has authored seven books, one poetry collection, 4 books of Short stories and 2 Novels. By profession he is a professor of the College Education Department, Government of Sindh. He has granted many awards, including the National award from Pakistan Academy of Letters Islamabad.

## Awards

In 1997, Abro won the Pakistan Academy of Letters Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai Award for best book in Sindhi literature for Khawab Khota Sika. Abro was honored on March 19, 2005.

## Publications
### Novels

* Jeevan Ujar Rasta (2000, Venggas Publication Khairpur)
* Khuwaban jo Safar (2009, Venggas Publication Khairpur)

### Short stories

* Dharti Tay Wikhrial Tanda (1993, Preet Publication Khairpur)
* Khuwab Khota Sika (1998, Venggas Publication Khairpur)
* Sard Khanay Mein Rakhial Khuwab (2000, Venggas Publication Khairpur)
* Sukal Nadi ja Nishan (2020, Naun Niyapo Publication Karachi)

### Poetry

* Dard Jay Aas Pas (2002, Venggas Publication Khairpur)
# Zdravko Hlebanja

Zdravko Hlebanja (15 October 1929 – 9 March 2018) was a Slovenian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 15 kilometre event at the 1956 Winter Olympics.
# William Cuningham

William Cuningham, also known as Kenningham, was a 16th-century English physician, astrologer, and engraver. He practised at Norwich around 1559. Cunningham published his work The Cosmographical Glasse that year. It contains many woodcuts and an aerial view map of Norwich.
On 15 May 1551, Cuningham was admitted to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. In 1557 he received his MB at Cambridge, then studied medicine for seven years. Cuningham also studied at the University of Heidelberg. It is supposed that he was received his MD at Heidelberg about 1559, at which period he changed his name from Keningham to Cuningham.
Cuningham built a reputation as a physician in London, he was also noted for his skill in I astrology. In 1563, he was appointed public lecturer at Surgeons' Hall.
Cuningham's death date is unknown.
# Kyle Brown

Kyle Brown may refer to:
* Kyle Brown (soccer) (born 1983), American soccer player
* Kyle Brown (rugby union) (born 1987), South African rugby union sevens player
* Kyle Brown (cricketer) (born 1973), New Zealand cricketer
* Kyle Brown (computer scientist) (born 1967), American computer scientist
* Kyle Brown (politician) (fl. 2022), American politician
* Kyle Brown, Canadian soldier, see Somalia affair
# El Salvador men's national basketball team

The El Salvador national basketball team is the official national representative of El Salvador in international men's basketball. It is governed by the Federación Salvadoreña de Baloncesto (FESABAL).
It plays in the FIBA Americas division, and more specifically, within the Central American region.
Most of its players come from the Liga Mayor de Baloncesto.

## History

On April 20, 2021, after five days of play, El Salvador advanced to the second round of 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification. The week of games were played at the Gimnasio Nacional José Adolfo Pineda in the city of San Salvador.
The hosts took a 68–66 victory over Jamaica, a game in which a loss would have meant elimination. A three-pointer by José Araujo, with 49 seconds remaining sealed the win for El Salvador.
Center Ronnie Aguilar was crucial in defense, as he blocked Kevin Foster at the end of the game and avoided the tie on the scoreboard. Jamaica came close to 67–66. Aguilar was sent to the free throw line and only hit the second shot with two seconds left on the clock. Jamaica was left without any timeouts and ran out of time to take a shot.
The celebration was immediate between players and fans. Roberto Martínez was the offensive leader from El Salvador with 19 points. Aguilar and Araujo added 11 each. Jamaica was led by Omari Johnson with 18 points and Marcel Robinson with 12 points.

## Regional championships
### COCABA championships

* 2004 3rd place
* 2007 3rd place
* 2013 2nd place

### Pan American Games

* 1959: 7th place

### Centrobasket – Central American Championships

* 1967 5th place
* 1971 5th place
* 1977 5th place
* 1985 7th place
* 1989 10th place
* 1997 7th place
* 2008 7th place
* 2014 10th place

### Central American and Caribbean Games

* 1959: Gold medal

## Current roster

At the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification (Americas):

## Head coach history

* Agustín Garcia
* Adolfo “el Jocote” Rubio (1959)
* Fito "Jocote" Rubio
* Josep Clarós – (1995)
* Ivan Barahona - (January 2013 – 2014),2017
* Luis Nicoletti (July 2015 - )
* Ivan Barahona - (-July 2017)
* Ray Santana (July 2017- March 2023)

## Past rosters

At 2014 Centrobasket:
# Patt (disambiguation)

Yale Nance Patt is an American professor of electrical and computer engineering at The University of Texas at Austin.
Patt may also refer to:

## People

* Avram Patt, Vermont politician
* Harvey M. Patt (1918–1982), American physiologist, radiobiologist, and cell biologist
* Iddo Patt, filmmaker and television advertiser

## Other

* Party All the Time, a song sometimes referred to as "PATT"
* Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (Partito Autonomista Trentino Tirolese)