OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cinara confinis

Cinara confinis, the black stem aphid, is a species of aphid in the genus Cinara, found feeding on the twigs of various species of fir (Abies) and on several other species of coniferous trees. This aphid has a Holarctic distribution and is known from Europe, Asia, North America and Argentina.

## Description

Cinara confinis is a dark-coloured aphid growing to a maximum length of about 8 mm (0.3 in). The head and thorax are dark brown with yellowish-grey antennae and dark brown-ringed or blackish limbs. The abdomen is greenish-black or dark brown with two longitudinal rows of shining black spots and specks of wax in transverse rows. The cornicles (upright tubes found on the last abdominal segment) are prominent and dark-coloured.

## Hosts

Cinara confinis has been found feeding on species of fir (Abies), and also on cedar (Cedrus), spruce (Picea) and juniper (Juniperus). It has a Holarctic distribution and is found in temperate regions of Europe and Asia, in North America and Argentina. Fir trees were introduced into the United Kingdom in the 17th century, and C. confinis may have been introduced at the same time.

## Biology

In Maine, wingless females known as fundatrices hatch out of over-wintering eggs in mid-May, at the base of buds near the top of small trees. Colonies form just below the first whorl of shoots and the reproduction at first is parthenogenetic and viviparous with the offspring being wingless. If disturbed, adults drop to the ground but nymphs move rapidly away on the trunk. Colonies are transitory, and by mid-June, most colonies are at the base of trees, at the root collar or on the roots. Some winged females then occur and colonies develop on the roots and root collars of nearby trees. By October, winged males are also produced, and they and winged females move to near the top of the trees where eggs are laid in crevices in the bark.
Colonies of this aphid are often attended by ants such as the southern wood ant (Formica rufa) which feed on the honeydew produced by the aphids. Sometimes the ants construct earth galleries to enclose the aphid colony. The ants also protect the aphids from parasitic wasps; however, some aphids are still parasitized, and become blackish, mummified husks. The wasp Pauesia grossa, found in Central Europe, is probably restricted to using Cinara confinis as a host in which to lay eggs.
# Tīpapa Marae

Tīpapa marae may refer to:
* Tīpapa marae at Murupara, New Zealand
* Kākānui (Tīpapa) marae at Ruatāhuna, New Zealand
# Earl of Menteith

The Mormaer or Earl of Menteith was the ruler of the province of Menteith in the Middle Ages. The first mormaer is usually regarded as Gille Críst (or Gilchrist), simply because he is the earliest on record. The title was held in a continuous line from Gille Críst until Muireadhach IV (a.k.a. Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany), although the male line was broken on two occasions. A truncated version of the earldom was given two years later to Malise Graham, 1st Earl of Menteith, in compensation for loss of the Earldom of Strathearn, which was a likely result of the execution of the Duke of Albany.

## List of holders
### First line of mormaers/earls

* Gille Críst, Earl of Menteith (Gilcrist) (d. 1189)
* Muireadhach I, Earl of Menteith (d. 1213)
* Muireadhach II, Earl of Menteith (d. 1234)
* Isabella, Countess of Menteith
** m. Walter Comyn, Lord of Badenoch assumed the peerage in her right.
* Mary I, Countess of Menteith
** m. Walter "Bailloch" Stewart

### Second line, Stewarts of Menteith

* Alexander, Earl of Menteith
* Alan, Earl of Menteith
* Alan II, Earl of Menteith
* Muireadhach III, Earl of Menteith (d. 1332)
* Mary Menteith, Countess of Menteith
** m. Sir John Graham assumed the peerage in her right.
* Margaret, Countess of Menteith
** m. Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
* Muireadhach IV Stewart, Earl of Menteith, executed in 1425 and the peerages forfeited.

### Third line, Grahams of Menteith

* Malise Graham, 1st Earl of Menteith (1406–1490)
* Alexander Graham, 2nd Earl of Menteith (c. 1475–c. 1537)
* William Graham, 3rd Earl of Menteith (c. 1500–c. 1543)
* John Graham, 4th Earl of Menteith (c. 1529–c. 1565)
* William Graham, 5th Earl of Menteith (c. 1555–c. 1578)
* John Graham, 6th Earl of Menteith (c. 1571–c. 1598)
* William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith (c. 1591–1661), also created Earl of Airth in 1633
* William Graham, 8th Earl of Menteith (c. 1634–1694), extinct or dormant after his death on 12 September 1694
# Everybody's Woman

Everybody's Woman (Italian: La signora di tutti) is a 1934 Italian drama film directed by Max Ophüls and starring Isa Miranda, Memo Benassi and Tatyana Pavlova. It is the only film Max Ophüls made in Italy. The film was a success and Isa Miranda became a star. It was shot at the Cines Studios in Rome and on location in Canzo.

## Plot

Gabriella Murge, alias Gaby Doriot (Miranda), is a famous film star and fascinating adventuress with whom men cannot help falling in love. Having brought several of them to their ruin, she slits her wrists. The movie opens with Gaby having attempted suicide. In the hospital, the anesthetic gas she is given induces the flashbacks which make up the entire movie.
First, a young Gaby is expelled from her school when her music teacher falls in love with her, and then flees abroad, leaving his family. Later, after being confined to her home, she is invited to a party by Roberto Nanni, the son of the wealthy Leonardo Nanni, a businessman. At the party, they dance and Roberto falls in love with her. Their encounter is interrupted by Roberto's ill mother Alma, who is fearful of Gaby's reputation, but who eventually loves her as well. Gaby goes to their house to take care of Alma, and while Roberto goes on a trip to Rome, Leonardo falls in love with Gaby. One night, Leonardo invites Gaby to a private talk in the garden, and meanwhile, Alma, having put on music to go to bed, calls out for Gaby. Not hearing a response, Alma becomes frantic, and in desperation, falls down the stairs in her wheelchair, killing herself.
After Alma's death, Leonardo and Gaby go on a seemingly endless trip across Europe, despite the calls of Leonardo's business associates to return, and when they finally return, Gaby is haunted by the memory of the house and goes crazy. Gaby leaves Leonardo, telling him he should be with his wife, even if she is dead, and soon after, Leonardo is charged with embezzlement and sentenced to 4 years in prison. Meanwhile, Gaby becomes a huge movie star. When released from prison, Leonardo wanders around the foyer of the theater, looking at all the images of Gaby, until being expelled for being improperly dressed for the occasion (not in evening attire). Outside, he's run over by a car.
To avoid a scandal, Gaby's managers and entourage call in Roberto to exonerate her, and Gaby realizes that she's loved Roberto all along. Gaby then finds out that Roberto married her sister Anna, after meeting at the auction of his father's house. Gaby commits suicide, leaving a note detailing her loneliness that persisted through her stardom. At the end of the film, the anesthetic mask is removed, the doctors confirm her death, and the printing presses stop printing the poster for her film.

## Cast

* Isa Miranda as Gabriella Murge, alias Gaby Doriot
* Memo Benassi as Leonardo Nanni
* Tatyana Pavlova as Alma Nanni
* Friedrich Benfer as Roberto Nanni
* Franco Coop as L'impresario Veraldi
* Lamberto Picasso as Signor Murge, padre di Gaby e Anna
* Nelly Corradi as Anna Murge
* Mario Ferrari as Il produttore cinamatografico
* Andrea Checchi as Un amico di Roberto
* Achille Majeroni as Il portiere del teatro
# Callionymus flavus

Callionymus flavus, the yellow ruddertail dragonet, is a species of dragonet endemic to the Red Sea.
# London Calling (disambiguation)

London Calling is a 1979 album by The Clash, and its title track.
London Calling may also refer to:
* "This is London Calling", the opening of BBC World Service broadcasts to occupied Europe during WWII
* "Ici Londres!" ("London calling!"), opening of Radio Londres broadcasts to Nazi-occupied France

## Film, television, and stage

* London Calling (play), by Geoffrey Kerr, 1930
* London Calling, a 2009 film by director Babbar Subhash
* London Calling (film), an upcoming film by director Allan Ungar
* "London Calling" (Ugly Betty), a 2010 episode of the TV series
* "London Calling", a 2008 episode of Instant Star
* London Calling, a 2012 BBC music documentary series presented by Jools Holland

## Literature

* London Calling (magazine), later renamed BBC Worldwide, then BBC On Air
* London Calling (Bloor novel), by Edward Bloor, 2006
* London Calling (Craig novel), by James Craig, 2011
* London Calling (Sheridan novel), by Sara Sheridan, 2013
* Tracer - London Calling, a 2020 Overwatch comic limited series

## Music

* London Calling (festival), a music festival in Amsterdam
* London Calling! (musical), a 1923 musical revue by Noël Coward
* "London Calling" (song), by The Clash, 1979
* London Calling, a 2009 album by Babutsa
* London Calling: Live in Hyde Park, a 2010 concert video by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
# Radiochromic film

Radiochromic film is a type of self-developing film typically used in the testing and characterisation of radiographic equipment such as CT scanners and radiotherapy linacs. The film contains a dye which changes colour when exposed to ionising radiation, allowing the level of exposure and beam profile to be characterised. Unlike x-ray film no developing process is required and results can be obtained almost instantly, while it is insensitive to visible light (making handling easier).

## Mechanism

For medical dosimetry "gafchromic dosimetry film (...) is arguably the most widely used commercial product". Several types of gafchromic film are marketed with differing properties. One type, MD-55, is made up of layers of polyester substrate with active emulsion layers adhered (approximately 16μm thick). The active layer consists of polycrystalline, substituted-diacetylene and the colour change occurs due to "progressive 1,4-trans additions as polyconjugations along the ladder-like polymer chains".

## Usage

Radiochromic films have been in general use since the late 1960s, although the general principle has been known about since the 19th century.

### Profiling

Radiochromic film can provide high spatial resolution information about the distribution of radiation. Depending on the scanning technique, sub-millimetre resolution can be achieved.

### Dosimetry

Unlike many other types of radiation detector, radiochromic film can be used for absolute dosimetry where information about absorbed dose is obtained directly. It is typically scanned, for example using a standard flat bed scanner, to provide accurate quantification of the optical density and therefore degree of exposure. Gafchromic film has been shown to provide measurements accurate to 2% over doses of 0.2–100 Gray (Gy).
# Laranjeira

Laranjeira is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* João Laranjeira (born 1951), Portuguese footballer
* Manoel Ceia Laranjeira (1903–1994), Brazilian bishop of the Independent Catholicism movement
* Thomas Laranjeira (born 1992), French rugby union player
* Laranjeira (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer
# Daniel R. Marlow

Daniel Robert Marlow (born 1954) is a Canadian physicist and fellow of the American Physical Society. A member of the Princeton University faculty since 1984, Marlow is now an emeritus professor of physics.

## Early life and education

Daniel Marlow was born in Ottawa, Canada, in 1954; his father in the Royal Canadian Navy, so their family moved multiple times while he was growing up. They finally moved to Doylestown, Pennsylvania, where he attended junior high and high school. Marlow attended Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, eventually graduating with a B.S. and a Ph.D. in physics. From 1980 to 1983, he was a research staffer at Carnegie Mellon, and from 1983 to 1984 he served as an assistant professor.

## Career

In 1984, Marlow joined Princeton University as an assistant professor, receiving successive promotions and becoming Professor of Physics in 1995. From 2001 to 2008, Marlow served as the department chair for physics. In 2011, he became Evans Crawford 1911 Professor of Physics. In 2024, Princeton announced Marlow's transition to emeritus status, effective September 1.

## Research

Marlow's work includes research on high energy physics; in 2018, Marlow was one of 77 researchers to win research funding towards high energy physics from the U.S. Department of Energy. In 2019, Marlow was the faculty advisor to a project that created a satellite powered by plasma.
Marlow also contributed to technology aimed at managing COVID-19. In 2020, a group of researchers designed a ventilator for use on COVID patients that can be readily produced to alleviate the stress on ventilator production and distribution. Their design became FDA approved. Their device was successfully implemented at Penn Medicine hospitals.
# Chucho station

Chuch'o station is a railway station in Chucho'o-rodongjagu, Musan county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Musan Line of the Korean State Railway.
It was opened, along with the rest of the Sinch'am–Musan section of the Musan line, on 15 November 1929.
Local passenger trains running between Musan and Ch'ŏngjin on the southern junction of the Hambuk and P'yŏngra lines serve this station, and there are several daily commuter trains for workers and students between Musan and Komusan. In addition, two daily pairs of local trains, 662/663 and 668/669, operate between Musan and Chuch'o.
# Dusty Bates

Dusty Bates is a 1947 British, Technicolor, children's film, directed by Darrell Catling and starring Anthony Newley and Ronald Shiner. It was produced by Gaumont-British Instructional and Children's Entertainment Films. The film was also presented by the Rank Organisation. The story was filmed in four parts. The film score was by Jack Beaver.

## Cast

* Anthony Newley as Dusty Bates (as Tony Newley)
* Billie Brook as Gill Ford
* Michael McKeag as David Ford
* Grace Arnold as Mrs. Ford
* Bernard Lee as Captain Ford
* Dennis Harkin as Stark
* Ralph Truman as Merryvale
* John Longden as Tod Jenkins
* Toni Arpino as Walrus
* Ronald Shiner as 'Squeaky' Watts
* Wally Patch as Uncle Hank Miller

## DVD release

The Adventures of Dusty Bates was released on Region 0 DVD-R by Alpha Video on 28 January 2014.
# Ebenezer Baptist Chapel, Llandovery

Ebenezer Baptist Chapel is a place of worship in the town of Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, Wales. The building was constructed in 1844 and is located at Gelli Deg, Llandovery. It was built as a sister chapel to Cwmsarnddu Chapel, Cilycwm.
Before Ebenezer Baptist Chapel was built, it is probable that the congregation met in a house in Stone Street. The chapel was built in 1844 and renovated in 1884 to 1885 by George Morgan of Carmarthen, before being extended in 1905 to accommodate more worshippers. The chapel is set back from the road with a long forecourt and faces down the length of Orchard Street. It is a simple, rectangular structure with central double door with pilasters, a moulded arch and keystone. The doors are flanked by tall arched windows with Georgian Gothic tracery to the fanlight, which probably date to 1844. The gable front is roughcast with details in painted stucco. At the rear is an early twentieth century rubble stone annex at the northeast corner of the building, with its door, located at the south end, having a red brick surround.
The interior dates from the 1884 remodelling and includes a three-sided gallery with a double-curved front of pierced cast iron in neo-rococo style. This was probably installed by Macfarlane of Glasgow, and the seven cast-iron columns with scrolled caps that support the gallery are also likely to be his. The organ loft is behind pulpit and is arched, with a panelled and balustraded front. The flat ceiling has a small cornice and ornate plasterwork.
It was designated as a Grade II listed building on 26 February 1981, being a fine example of "a chapel designed as an end stop to a street, with galleried interior".
# Everybody's a Masterpiece

"Everybody's a Masterpiece" is a song written by Richard Ira Reicheg and George S. Clinton, performed by Three Dog Night. The song was produced by Bob Monaco and arranged by Three Dog Night. It is featured on their 1976 album, American Pastime. This is Three Dog Night's last charting single, and the last single released before breaking up in August 1976.

## Reception

A Cash Box Magazine "Picks of The Week" singles reviews page dated June 5, 1976 states the following about the single: "A laid-back rock hymn to humanity, this is an intelligent single from Three Dog Night that will serve to broaden its already extensive audience. The instrumentation — particularly the organ fills — is lush, and the vocals are equal to the task. Look for this to show up strong on all pop radio outlets; it's really an affecting tune."
A Record World "Single Picks" review page dated June 5, 1976 gives another view: "Three Dog Night's vocal prowess remains unquestioned with this, their first effort in some time. To back up its talent, the group has constructed a solid rhythmic pulse and is headed for pop/r&b play."

## Charts

| Chart (1976) | Peak position |
| US Easy Listening (Billboard) | 44 |
# London Calling (magazine)

London Calling (later renamed BBC Worldwide, then BBC On Air) is a former monthly magazine that contained programme listings for the BBC World Service shortwave radio broadcasting service. Originally called the Empire Programme Pamphlet (for what was then known as the BBC Empire Service) and then BBC Empire Broadcasting, the title was changed to London Calling in mid-1939 when the magazine expanded from 12 pages to 16. The title alludes to the BBC World Service's station identification: "This is London calling ...", which was used during World War II, often in broadcasts to occupied countries.

## Background

In November 1993, the magazine was replaced with a 100-page colour magazine (up until then, the magazine was printed in two colours except for the front and back covers) and started including more and deeper stories, and renamed BBC Worldwide (from April to November 1995, there was a North American edition, subtitled BBC Worldwide North America, presumably so the magazine could be sent to North American subscribers and appear on shelves in North American stores without the cost of having to send the issues air mail from the UK each month). However, rising costs, which forced the BBC to reduce the size of the paper it used at one point, caused the magazine to change back to a mainly-listings format, and the title was changed to BBC On Air (later stylised BBC on|air), although the longer stories would make their way back into the magazine over the years.
The last edition of BBC On Air was that of December 2004. In a letter sent to subscribers the managing director of the magazine cited as reason for the discontinuation "that many of our listeners are getting programme information on line and that it is no longer cost-effective to produce the printed edition of the magazine."
# European quadriga

The European quadriga is the designation of the quadrumvirate representing the European Union in its foreign relations, in particular with Greece concerning its common foreign and security policy (CFSP). The formerly known Troika is now being renamed as "Quadriga", to note the inclusion of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) in the talks specially with the new Greek project of a third aid program amounting to 86 billion euros due to start on 20 August 2015.
"Quadriga" is the name inspired by Commission President, Jean-Claude Juncker for the new Greek project and creditors have now added the ESM to their collective and rebranded themselves "The Quadriga."
While talking about the quadriga (especially in the media) one refers to a decision group formed by the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the newly added European Stability Mechanism (ESM).
# Laranjal

Laranjal may refer to the following places in Brazil:
* Laranjal, Minas Gerais
* Laranjal, Paraná
* Praia do Laranjal, Rio Grande do Sul
* Laranjal Paulista, São Paulo
# Collectanea Mathematica

Collectanea Mathematica (Collect. Math.) is a mathematical journal of the Institute of Mathematics of the University of Barcelona (IMUB), published by Springer since 2011, with a periodicity of three issues per year. It publishes original research papers in all fields of pure and applied mathematics.

## History

Collectanea Mathematica was founded in 1948 by José M. Orts (it is the oldest mathematical journal in Spain). Thanks to the contribution of some relevant mathematicians in Catalonia, like Ferran Sunyer Balaguer, and eminent international collaborators (Wilhelm Blaschke, Hugo Hadwiger, Gaston Julia or Ernst Witt), the journal reached a central role in the Spanish scientific publications, under the direction of Enrique Linés (1969-1971), who was also president of the Real Sociedad Matemática Española, and specially with Josep Teixidor (1971-1986), president of the Societat Catalana de Ciències Físiques, Químiques i Matemàtiques (1968-1973). During the period 1987–2007, with Joan Cerdà as the Main Editor, the journal took several steps forward to further improve its scientific quality. In 2003, the recently created Institute of Mathematics of the University of Barcelona started to be in charge of its publication, providing Collectanea Mathematica with a stable economic and scientific support. As a consequence, coverage of Collectanea Mathematica by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) began with the 2005 volume and 2007 was its first impact factor in JCR. In 2008 Rosa Maria Miró Roig became editor-in-chief. In this period the journal has changed its editorial policy and Springer is the new publisher since 2011. Since 2021 the current editor-in-chief is Carlos D'Andrea.

## Abstracting and indexing

Collectanea Mathematica is indexed in databases such as Current Contents (Physical Chemical and Earth Sciences) and ISI Web of Science, MathSciNet, Zentralblatt MATH, and Scopus.
# Daniel R. Mandell

Daniel R. Mandell (born 1956) is an American historian.
He taught at Truman State University 1999-2022; that followed years of wandering in the academic wilderness after completing his History Ph.D. at the University of Virginia in January 1992. He also earned an M.A. in Urban and Environmental Policy at Tufts University and B.A. in History at Humboldt State University. He has received research fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the American Antiquarian Society. In 2018-2019, Prof. Mandell was Distinguished Research Fellow at the Kinder Institute on Constitutional Democracy at the University of Missouri, beginning a study of the conundrum between individual and collective rights in the U.S. highlighted by the evolution of Native American policies and laws.
He received the Lawrence W. Levine Award in 2008 for his book Tribe, Race, History: Native Americans in Southern New England, 1780–1880. In 2016, Mandell received the Distinguished Literary Achievement award from the Missouri Humanities Council in recognition of his many publications on Native Americans in New England between 1600 and 1900.
# Movement controller

A movement controller is responsible for assisting in planning, preparation, documentation, coordination and control of military movements in support of operations, exercises and administrative deployments worldwide by road, rail, sea and air.
They have good working knowledge of all forms of transport, both military and civilian.
Works in conjunction with elements of all services, other government departments, civilian and commercial officials.
Employed worldwide, static or mobile, as a team member or individual.