OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Cushman (sociologist)

Thomas Cushman is an American sociologist. He is the professor of social sciences and sociology at Wellesley College.
Cushman is editor of The Routledge Handbook of Human Rights (2011) and founder and editor-at-large of the Journal of Human Rights. He is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Controversial Ideas.
# Thomas Cushing (disambiguation)

Thomas Cushing (1725–1788) was an American lawyer, merchant and statesman from Boston, Massachusetts.
Thomas Cushing may also refer to:
* Thomas Cushing II (1694–1746), American merchant, lawyer and politician in Massachusetts
* Thomas Forbes Cushing (1838–1902), American member of Boston, New York, and Newport society during the Gilded Age
* Thomas Humphrey Cushing (1755–1822), American army officer and collector of customs
* Tom Cushing (1879–1941), American playwright
# Thoiria

Thoiria (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Thoiry

Thoiry may refer to::
* Thoiry, Ain, a commune in the department of Ain, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France
* Thoiry, Savoie, a commune in the department of Savoie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France
* Thoiry, Yvelines, a commune in the department of Yvelines, Île-de-France region, France
# Thoirette-Coisia

Thoirette-Coisia (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the department of Jura, eastern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 by merger of the former communes of Thoirette (the seat) and Coisia.
# Thomas Humphrey (cricketer)

Thomas Humphrey (16 January 1839 – 3 September 1878) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Surrey between 1862 and 1874.
A right-hand batsman and a round arm right-armed slow bowler, he featured as an all-rounder for Surrey with four centuries and 116 wickets (though his batting was more significant than his bowling). He was a member of the Surrey side that was generally reckoned as Champion County for 1864. His best season with the bat was 1865, when he reached one thousand runs for the only time: 1223 at 29.82.
After 1873, he played in only four more first-class matches: one final match for Surrey in 1874, two for the South against the North in 1875, and lastly for United South of England Eleven v United North of England Eleven in a match that began on 13 July 1876.
According to David Lemmon, with Harry Jupp he formed the first great opening partnership for Surrey, one which caused "a sensation" with "their bright and attractive cricket, their long partnerships, by their speed between the wickets."
He was known as the Pocket Hercules, because although short he could hit powerfully. He was particularly strong on the off-side, and appeared to have plenty of time to play his shots.
He umpired in a number of first-class matches between 1872 and 1877, including some Gentlemen v Players and North v South matches. In 1876, a benefit year at Surrey brought him £300, however he died two years later from congestion of the lungs in Brookwood Asylum. His brothers John, William and Richard also played first-class cricket.
He was the landlord of the Cricketers Inn at Westcott and the Ram Inn and the Jolly Butchers Inn, both in Dorking.
He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery.
# Miller's Pond

Miller's Pond is an 8.1-hectare (20-acre) Local Nature Reserve in Southampton in Hampshire. It is owned and managed by Southampton City Council.
The pond is managed for both angling and wildlife. There are also areas of acid grassland and semi-natural woodland.
The pond is fed by springs and drains to the stream that runs through Mayfield Park.

## History

There has been a pond on the site since at least the mid 18th century. Originally it was significantly larger than its current size and in two parts. By the 1960s the pond was starting to silt up. The pond was drained completely in 1966 as part of preparations for large scale commercial and residential development of the area.
In 1978 with the development permanently stalled the Southampton Schools Conservation Corps obtained permission to create a new (smaller) pond on the site of the previous ponds. The work was carried out over the winter of 78/79. In February 2022 Sholing Valleys Study Centre announced a plan for reconstruction work on the pond involving dredging and reinforcing the banks. Shortly afterwards the pond was found to be home to the invasive topmouth gudgeon. These were killed and the pond restocked in January 2024.
# Ciudad Deportiva del Granada CF

The Ciudad Deportiva del Granada CF, is the training ground of the Spanish football club Granada CF, located in Granada, Spain. It occupies an area of 75,535 m$^2$.
The 1st phase of the training centre occupying an area of 47,833m², was completed earlier in 2015. The 2nd phase will occupy an area of 27,702 m$^2$. The total cost of the project will some around € 8.5 million.

## Facilities

* The Central Stadium of the Ciudad Deportiva with a capacity of 2,000 seats is currently under construction. It will also serve as the home ground of Recreativo Granada; the reserve team of Granada CF.
* 3 full-size natural grass pitches.
* 1 full-size artificial turf pitch
* 1 seven-a-side football natural grass pitch.
* Service centre with gymnasium.
# Elphidium williamsoni

Elphidium williamsoni is a species of foraminiferans belonging to the family Elphidiidae. Elphidium williamsoni is found in abundance around the coasts of the UK, predominantly in the lower end of the coast.
# Erraez

Erraez and Herraez are variations of the same Sephardi surname. (Judaeo-Spanish: Sefardies) This pedigree belong to a sub-group known as Spanish and Portuguese Jews, whose families remained in Spain and Portugal as ostensible Christians (after the Alhambra decree of 1492) and later reverted to Judaism in France and Italy, some of whom emigrated to the New World in the 18th century as conversos, particularly to Mexico, the Caribbean and South America.
Some people with these names include:
* Juan Garrido Herráez (born 1951), Spanish politician
* Miguel Herráez (born 1957), Spanish writer
Other Sephardic families:
* Abravanel
* Abulafia
* Alazrague
* Barzel
* Casal
* Cohen
* Cardozo
* Carneiro
* Donatez
* Damuz
* De Castro
* Eleazar
* Espina
* Ezra
* Falcon
* Fierres
* Fonseca
* Gamarra
* Gazy
* Gershom
* Harari
* Huete
* Ibrahim
* Izradiel
* Jalaf
* Jerez
* Joel
* Kohen
* Lanery
* Levi
* Manrique
* Marsel
* Montiel
* Mose
* Nucaty
* Nunez
* Obadias
* Ormaza
* Palat
* Rangel
* Saavedra
* Seixas
* Talavera
* Tesat
* Torrijos
* Uziel
* Valenty
* Xaquez
* Yzcadarani
* Zacarias
# Linepithema neotropicum

Linepithema neotropicum is a species of ant in the genus Linepithema. Described by Wild in 2007, the species is endemic to South America.
# Face Down (album)

Face Down is the debut studio album by Canadian rock band Serial Joe. The album features the hit single "Mistake", which was featured on MuchMusic's Big Shiny Tunes 4. The album was certified Gold on September 3, 1999.

## Track listing

* "Should Have Been Mine" - 3:24
* "Deep" - 3:08
* "Mistake" - 3:08
* "Face Down" - 3:38
* "Dragon On My Shoulder" - 2:51
* "Shallow" - 3:22
* "Push" - 2:47
* "Sanity" - 2:55
* "Centipede" - 3:13
* "Confused" - 3:22
* "Outrage" - 3:02
* "Denial" - 2:52
# Dipsas schunkii

Dipsas schunkii, Schunk's snail-eater, is a non-venomous snake found in Peru.
# William Forster (priest)

William Forster (7 November 1760 – 16 April 1823) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the early 19th century.
Forster was born in County Meath and educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was the Dean of Kilmacduagh from 1803 until his death.
# Meet Me in the City

Meet Me in the City may refer to:
* "Meet Me in the City", a song by Bruce Springsteen on his 2015 album The Ties That Bind: The River Collection
* "Meet Me in the City", a song by Gomez on their 2004 album Split the Difference
* "Meet Me in the City", a song by Junior Kimbrough on his 1992 album All Night Long
# Eelmäe

Eelmäe is an Estonian surname meaning "fore hill/mountain"; a compound of eel (fore, in front of) and mäe (hill/mountain).
As of 1 January 2021, 50 men and 63 women in Estonia have the surname Eelmäe. Eelmäe is ranked as the 2078th most common surname for men in Estonia, and 1734th for women. The surname Eelmäe is most common in Põlva County, where 2.83 per 10,000 inhabitants of the county bear the surname.
Notable people bearing the surname Eelmäe include:
* Andrus Eelmäe (born 1956), Estonian actor
* August Eelmäe (1931–2020), Estonian literary scholar and critic
* Lembit Eelmäe (1927–2009), Estonian actor
* Urmas Eelmäe (born 1964), Estonian historian
# Justa Holz-Mänttäri

Justa Holz-Mänttäri (born 1936) is a German-born Finnish translation scholar.
She developed the Theory of Translatorial Action and the concept of "message carrier".

## Works

* Translatorisches Handeln. Theorie und Methode. Annales Academiae Scientarum Fennicae. Ser. B 226. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1984. ISBN 951-41-0491-9.
* "Textdesign - verantwortlich und gehirngerecht". In: Holz-Mänttäri, Justa/Nord, Christiane, eds.: Traducere Navem. Festschrift für Katharina Reiß zum 70. Geburtstag. Tampereen yliopisto, Tampere 1993, pages 301–320. ISBN 951-44-3262-2.
* "Evolutionäre Translationstheorie". In: Rupert Riedl and Manuela Delpos, eds. Die Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie im Spiegel del Wissenschaften. Vienna: Wiener Universitätsverlag, 1996, reprinted in 2001 in TEXTconTEXT 15:2. 245–281.
# Justa Monk

Justa Monk (1942-2018) was a leader of the Dakelh people of the central interior of British Columbia. He was known as a strong advocate for indigenous rights, for protection of the environment, especially fishery, and for the maintenance of his Carrier language. The first part of his life was documented in a full-length biography by Bridget Moran.

## Early life

Born the youngest of nine children on November 20, 1942, and raised in Tachie , he grew up on the land and was a fluent speaker of the Carrier language. He spoke only Carrier until he was 10 years old and started school at Lejac Residential School, where he was forbidden to speak his language. He and his brother ran away from the abuse at Lejac when he was 14, in grade 7, during a tuberculosis outbreak. He worked in the forest industry for the next ten years. In 1967, when he was 24, while drunk, he stabbed his brother John with a hunting knife, killing him, for which he served a prison sentence of two years less a day. After further education in Dawson Creek he returned to Tachie where he worked for the band, Tl'azt'en Nation, in maintenance, initially driving a snow plow.

## Political career

Monk eventually became band manager, the top staff position, and was then elected chief. He focused on bringing electricity and clean water to the village and on improving roads. He was also instrumental in founding Tanizul Timber, a company owned by Tl'azt'en Nation, which obtained Tree Farm License 42, the first tree farm license owned by a First Nation.
He was the founding chief of the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council, serving from 1981 to 1983 and again from 1990 to 1994. In this role he pushed for self-government for indigenous people and for the closure of the Prince George office of the Department of Indian Affairs and for the reassignment of its budget to First Nations. He played a major role in the ultimately successful opposition to the Kemano Completion Project, which would have further reduced the flow of water in the Nechako River.
He also served as co-chair of the Northwest Treaty Tribal Nations. At the provincial level, he served two terms as co-chair of the First Nations Summit.
He continued to serve his community until poor health intervened. He was elected Tl'azt'en Nation chief in December 2013 and served until his resignation in 2017.

## Personal life

Monk was married twice. With his first wife, Theresa Monk, he had five children: Sharon Monk, Bonita Monk, Darcy Monk, Justa Monk Jr., and Shania Monk.
He died on March 14, 2018, in Tachie. He was buried in Tachie on March 19, 2018.
# C. J. Varkey

C. J. Varkey may refer to:
* C. J. Varkey, Chunkath, Minister for Indian National Congress in Madras State
* C. J. Varkey (priest), Monsignor
# Edward Price (Medal of Honor)

Edward Price (born c. 1840, date of death unknown) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.
Born in about 1840 in New York, Price was still living in that state when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as a coxswain on the USS Brooklyn. Throughout the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he helped work one of Brooklyn's artillery pieces, at one point fixing the disabled gun by clearing a broken sponge from its barrel. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.
Price's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
   On board the U.S.S. Brooklyn during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. When the sponge broke, leaving the head in the gun, and completely disabling the weapon, Price immediately cleared it by pouring powder into the vent and blowing the sponge head out, thereafter continuing to man the weapon until the close of the furious action which resulted in the capture of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the infliction of damage and destruction on Fort Morgan.
# Juracrista costaspinosa

Juracrista costaspinosa is an extinct species of squat lobster in the family Munididae. It was extant during the Jurassic Period.
# Come Sing, Jimmy Jo

Come Sing, Jimmy Jo is a 1985 children's novel written by American novelist Katherine Paterson. The book focuses on a West Virginia boy named James Johnson, whose parents are bluegrass music performers. When it is discovered that James has previously unrecognized musical talent, his parents force him to take the stage name "Jimmy Jo" and perform with them. But problems arise when it becomes evident that the child’s talents are greater than those of his parents, which creates strain for both the adults (particularly the jealous mother) and the emotionally conflicted boy.
Come Sing, Jimmy Jo has been adapted into a musical play by David Paterson, the son of Katherine Paterson, with a score by Mark J. Thomas. The play has been performed by regional theater companies around the United States.
# Come Somewhere

Come Somewhere is the debut solo album by King's X drummer Jerry Gaskill. Gaskill wrote all of the material himself, with the exception of "Johnny's Song", which was co-written with Herb Gaskill. Jerry performed all of the vocals, most of the acoustic guitars, and some electric guitar. King's X bandmate Ty Tabor, who produced the album, contributed some guitar and keyboards.

## Personnel

* Jerry Gaskill - vocals, drums, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Ty Tabor - electric guitar, bass, keyboard
# Edward Lawson

Edward Lawson may refer to:
* Edward Lawson (VC) (1873–1955), British army soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Edward B. Lawson (1895–1962), American diplomat
* Edward C. Lawson, American civil rights activist
* Edward M. Lawson (born 1929), Canadian politician
* Edward Lawson, 4th Baron Burnham (1890–1963), British newspaper executive and Territorial Army officer
* Eddie Lawson (born 1958), motorcyclist
* Eddie Lawson (Waterloo Road), fictional character
# CIML-FM

CIML-FM is a First Nations community radio station that operates at 99.5 FM in Makkovik, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
This station no longer appears in Industry Canada databases but appears to be operating as recently as March 2020.
# Cabinet of Björn Þórðarson

The Cabinet of Björn Þórðarson was formed 16 December 1942.

## Cabinets
### Inaugural cabinet

| Officeholder | Office |
| Björn Þórðarson | Prime Minister |
| Björn Ólafsson | Minister of Finance and Business Affairs |
| Einar Arnórsson | Minister of Justice |
| Vilhjálmur Þór | Minister for Foreign Affairs and Employment |

### Change (22 December 1942)

| Officeholder | Office |
| Björn Þórðarson | Prime Minister |
| Björn Ólafsson | Minister of Finance and Business Affairs |
| Einar Arnórsson | Minister of Justice |
| Jóhann Sæmundsson | Minister of Social Affairs |
| Vilhjálmur Þór | Minister for Foreign Affairs and Employment |

### Change (19 April 1943)

| Officeholder | Office |
| Björn Þórðarson | Prime Minister |
| Björn Þórðarson | Minister of Social Affairs |
| Björn Ólafsson | Minister of Finance and Business Affairs |
| Einar Arnórsson | Minister of Justice |
| Vilhjálmur Þór | Minister for Foreign Affairs and Employment |
# Community Z Tools

The Community Z Tools (CZT) initiative is based around a SourceForge project to build a set of tools for the Z notation, a formal method useful in software engineering. Tools include support for editing, typechecking and animating Z specifications. There is some support for extensions such as Object-Z and TCOZ. The tools are built using the Java programming language.
CZT was proposed by Andrew Martin of Oxford University in 2001.
# Justine Paris

Justine Paris, real name Bienfait (1705—September 1773), was a French courtesan and madam. She hosted several of the most famous brothels in mid-18th-century Paris and was one of the most known and successful of her trade. She and her brothel are portrayed in the memoirs of Casanova. She has been suggested to be the role model for the title character in Juliette by the Marquis de Sade.

## Biography

Reportedly, she was a successful and internationally known courtesan before she opened the first of several brothels. For twenty years from about 1730, she operated a well-known brothel at Rue de Bagneux, Faubourg Saint-Germain, described as the perhaps most exclusive in contemporary Paris. In 1750, following a riot, she opened a brothel at Hotel du Roule which acquired fame and which was later taken over by Madame Carlier.
Her brothel at Hotel du Roule was described by Casanova. It was located outside the city of Paris, near Chaillot, which meant that the clients could not go there by foot, which ensured that they mostly came from the upper class. While most brothels in mid 18th-century Paris had no more than three prostitutes working in the brothel at any one time, Justine Paris had 14 and she also employed a master of writing, dance and music to educate them. According to Casanova, she charged by the hour. As with other madams engaged in elite prostitution for clients from the nobility, the activity of Justine Paris was tolerated by the police as long as she functioned as a police agent and kept the police informed about the activity, business and life of their important clients and personnel.
The rental of rooms to couples, in which none of the parties were prostitutes, but where their relationship was not accepted, such as in the case of a married woman and her lover, also took place, a service which was to be well known to occur in the famous brothel she was later to found in companionship with Gourdan. She changed staff about every six months, and according to Casanova, she always had prostitutes of a large variety of hair color, length and other different attributes to be able to meet with different forms of preferences from clients. She financed kept mistresses, so called dames entretenues or courtesans, in between patrons; clients could buy a member of her staff free by paying her debts and have her kept as his professional mistress, where the mistress could continue as a professional kept mistress to other wealthy men.
In February 1752, Justine Paris was tried and incarcerated accused of having seduced a twelve-year-old boy from a noble family in a case that attracted attention. In 1773, she met her colleague Marguerite Gourdan at Bicêtre Hospital while undergoing a treatment for syphilis. Together, they founded what was to be the perhaps most famous of all brothels in 18th-century France, on the corner of rue des Deux Portes (now rue Dussoubs) and rue Saint-Sauveur. However, she died of syphilis in September of that year. Gourdan gave a funeral oration in her honour on 14 November 1773 at a gathering of Paris's elite prostitutes and madams organised by the Prince of Conti at his residence.
# Medemsand

53°54′N 8°48′E﻿ / ﻿53.900°N 8.800°E﻿ / 53.900; 8.800
Medemsand island was a small island of Germany in the mouth of the Elbe on the Schleswig-Holstein coast opposite Otterndorf (Lower Saxony), where the Medem river flows into the Elbe. It was also known locally as Flak island. The island belonged to the district of Dithmarschen and was managed by the Brunsbüttel Water Management Office. It was eroded due to water flow and no longer exists today.
The remnants of the island remain just below the surface and pose an obstacle to maritime traffic, as a shipping lane passes near it.
Shortly before World War II, Medemsand Island was artificially built up using sand, piles, and basalt blocks, and expanded into an advanced anti-aircraft station in the event of possible air raids on Hamburg, with anti-aircraft guns and bunkers being installed.
# Complex squaring map

In mathematics, the complex squaring map, a polynomial mapping of degree two, is a simple and accessible demonstration of chaos in dynamical systems. It can be constructed by performing the following steps:
* Choose any complex number on the unit circle whose argument (angle) is not a rational multiple of π,
* Repeatedly square that number.
This repetition (iteration) produces a sequence of complex numbers that can be described alone by their arguments. Any choice of starting angle that satisfies (1) above will produce an extremely complicated sequence of angles, that belies the simplicity of the steps. It can be shown that the sequence will be chaotic, i.e. it is sensitive to the detailed choice of starting angle.

## Chaos and the complex squaring map

The informal reason why the iteration is chaotic is that the angle doubles on every iteration and doubling grows very quickly as the angle becomes ever larger, but angles which differ by multiples of 2π (radians) are identical. Thus, when the angle exceeds 2π, it must wrap to the remainder on division by 2π. Therefore, the angle is transformed according to the dyadic transformation (also known as the 2x mod 1 map). As the initial value z$_0$ has been chosen so that its argument is not a rational multiple of π, the forward orbit of z$_n$ cannot repeat itself and become periodic.
More formally, the iteration can be written as
    $z_{n+1}=z_{n}^{2}$
where $z_{n}$ is the resulting sequence of complex numbers obtained by iterating the steps above, and $z_{0}$ represents the initial starting number. We can solve this iteration exactly:
    $z_{n}=z_{0}^{2^{n}}$
Starting with angle θ, we can write the initial term as $z_{0}=\exp(i\theta )$ so that $z_{n}=\exp(i2^{n}\theta )$. This makes the successive doubling of the angle clear. (This is equivalent to the relation $z_{n}=\cos(2^{n}\theta )+i\sin(2^{n}\theta )$ by Euler's formula.)

## Generalisations

This map is a special case of the complex quadratic map, which has exact solutions for many special cases. The complex map obtained by raising the previous number to any natural number power $z_{n+1}=z_{n}^{p}$ is also exactly solvable as $z_{n}=z_{0}^{p^{n}}$. In the case p = 2, the dynamics can be mapped to the dyadic transformation, as described above, but for p > 2, we obtain a shift map in the number base p. For example, p = 10 is a decimal shift map.
# Communication Quarterly

Communication Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal that is published five times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Eastern Communication Association. It covers research in the communication discipline. It was established in 1953 as Today's Speech, before obtaining its current title in 1976. The editor-in-chief is Chris R. Morse (Bryant University).