OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Timothy Bresnahan

Timothy Francis Bresnahan (born 1953) is an American economist who researches industrial organization. He was a founding co-editor of the Annual Review of Economics, a fellow of the Econometric Society, and recipient of a BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in 2017.

## Early life and education

Timothy Francis Bresnahan was born in 1953 to parents Nancy and Maurice F. Bresnahan. He grew up in Falls Church, Virginia with three siblings; his father worked for the government in the Bureau of Labor Statistics. He attended Haverford College where he received a bachelor's degree in economics and German in 1975. He received a master's from Princeton University in 1978 and stayed to earn a PhD in 1980, both in economics.

## Career

Bresnahan began working at Stanford University as an assistant professor in 1979. In 1986 he was promoted to associate professor; he held various outside positions in the next several years. From 1986 to 1987 he was the Marvin Bower Fellow and visiting associate professor at Harvard University. From 1989 to 1990 he was a visiting scholar at the Hoover Institution. He was promoted to full professor at Stanford in 1991, and in 2002 he became the Landau Professor in Technology and the Economy. He was the chair of the economics department from 2004 to 2008. He is now an Emeritus Professor at Stanford and Senior Fellow Emeritus at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. He served as chief economist of the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division from 1999 to 2000.
Bresnahan has provided amicus briefs or testified in court, including the United States Supreme Court, about a variety of topics such as product liability, antitrust law, and intellectual property. He researches industrial organization and how technology generates value.
He was one of the founding editors of the Annual Review of Economics, which was first published in 2009. He remained co-editor with Kenneth J. Arrow through 2015. He has been an associate editor for RAND Journal of Economics, Journal of Industrial Economics, and American Economic Review.

## Awards and honors

In 2017 he was a recipient of a BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award. He is a fellow of the Econometric Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

## Personal life

He is married to Lenis Hazlett and has two children.
# Tirthankar Roy

Tirthankar Roy (born 14 February 1960) is an Indian economic historian and Professor of Economic History at the London School of Economics. He is a researcher of the Economic History of South Asia and India, having published over 25 books and numerous articles. His work spans the fields of Economic History, Business History and Social History, particularly studying the effects of British colonialism in India on its economic development.

## Biography

Roy received an M.A. in Economics from Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal, India and subsequently his Ph.D. from the Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, in 1989. Before joining the London School of Economics (LSE), he served as a professor at the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics in Pune, India. He is currently a Professor of Economic History at the LSE. He serves on the editorial boards of internationally recognised journals including the Indian Economic and Social History Review and the Springer Economic History series.

## Selected publications

* Economic Change in Global History (London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Press, TBD)
* A Business History of India: Enterprise and the Emergence of Capitalism from 1700 (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2018)
* The Economy of South Asia from 1950 to the Present (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)
* (With Anand V. Swamy) Law and the Economy in Colonial India (Chicago, United States: University of Chicago Press, 2016)
* An Economic History of Early Modern India (London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2013)
* East India Company: The World’s Most Powerful Corporation (New Delhi, India: Allen Lane, 2012)
* The Economic History of India 1857-1947 (Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2011)
* (With Giorgio Riell)How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles 1500-1850 (Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 2010)
* (With Douglas Haynes, Abigail McGowan, Haruka Yanagisawa) Towards a History of Consumption in South Asia (Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2010)
* Company of Kinsmen: Community and Enterprise in South Asian History 1700-1950 (Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2010)
* Rethinking Economic Change in India: Labour and Livelihood (Abingdon, United Kingdom and New York, United States: Routledge, 2005)
* Traditional Industry in the Economy of Colonial India (Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999)
* Artisans and Industrialization: Indian Weaving in the Twentieth Century, (Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 1993)
* (With Ashok Desai) Economic Reforms: The Next Step (Delhi, India: Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, 1998)
* Cloth and Commerce: Textiles in Indian History (Delhi, India: SAGE Publications, 1996)
* The Story of Indian Business The East India Company
# Titan (Bova novel)

Titan is a science fiction novel written by Ben Bova as part of the Grand Tour novel series. It directly follows the novel Saturn, in which the space habitat Goddard has finished its two-year journey from Earth, and has settled into the orbit of Saturn. The book won the 2007 John W. Campbell Memorial Award. It was first published in February 2001, by Hodder & Stoughton in the UK and later by Tor Books in the US.

## Plot

The ten thousand civilians of the space habitat Goddard have now finally begun their lives in the Saturn system, after an exhausting two-year journey that almost plunged the infant colony into an authoritarian regime. As the probe "Titan Alpha" lands on the moon's surface, a number of strange electrical problems begin happening aboard the space habitat.

## Characters

* Holly Lane - Director of Human Resources aboard the Goddard. Her sister, Pancho Lane, had cryo-frozen her for a couple of decades, starting in her late teens, until a cure for her disease could be found. Now, years later, after learning everything from scratch and receiving many neural boosters, Holly has become a strong-willed individual, with an eidetic memory.
* Malcolm Eberly - A former prisoner in Austria, he was released early on commands by the religious organization "New Morality", in order to install a fixed government on the habitat Goddard. Despite being involved with several mishaps during the two-year journey, Dr. Eberly escapes conviction, and is allowed to keep his position of Chief Administrator.
* Kris Cardenas - A former Nobel Prize winner, she is the foremost expert in nanotechnology; and an outcast, due to nanomachines that live in her body, which are constantly repairing and regenerating her.
* Eduoard Urbain - Chief scientist on the "Titan Alpha" project, which sends a highly sophisticated probe to Titan.
* Nadia Wunderly - Nicknamed "Lord of the Rings", due to her obsession with Saturn's rings.
* Pancho Lane - Older sister of Holly Lane, she is a recently retired CEO of the multi-billion dollar corporation of Astro Corp.
* Manny Gaeta - A former stuntman, he originally came onto the Goddard with the intention of doing the first landing on Titan; sponsored by Astro Corp. He later falls in love with Kris Cardenas, and flies through Saturn's "B" ring, where he comes upon the mysterious ice particles that make up Saturn's rings.
* James Wilmot - The original director of Goddard, he is an anthropologist who came aboard the space habitat, in order to study the evolving society of Goddard.
* Raoul Tavalera - Mentioned before in the novel Jupiter, he was not part of the original ten thousand, but is picked up in Saturn, when Gaeta saves him. He decides to stay in order to be with Holly Lane.
* Timoshenko - A chief engineer aboard Goddard, he ran for Chief Administrator but lost graciously to Eberly; he is looked to as a leader among the engineers.
# Tofino Air

Tofino Air is a small Canadian airline offering floatplane service from Tofino, British Columbia. It offers scheduled services, scenic tours, and specialized charters.

## History

In the early 1990s, the owner of Tofino Air, and a lifelong resident of British Columbia's Sunshine Coast, started a small regional airline called Midcoast Air, to better assure safety and dependability for himself and his co-workers as they travelled from the logging and fishing camps on BC's west coast, to their homes on the Sunshine Coast. In 1998, Midcoast Air re-located to Sechelt.
In January 2001, Tofino Air purchased Pacific Spirit Air based in Silva Bay on Gabriola Island. After purchasing Pacific Spirit Air, Tofino Air increased its daily routes by adding in scheduled flights from Gabriola Island to Vancouver International Water Airport. The airline also continued offering daily scheduled flights between Departure Bay in Nanaimo and Sechelt/Porpoise Bay.
In April 2011, Tofino Air moved from its location in Departure Bay to the Nanaimo Harbour Water Aerodrome where it began to offer scheduled flights between Nanaimo and Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre. In late May 2011, Tofino Air was one of the first airlines to move into the new Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre, All flights from Vancouver Harbour Flight Centre have been cancelled and charter flights are conducted at the Vancouver International Water Airport.
In December 2014, Tofino Air started a new subsidiary airline called Gulf Island Seaplanes to service the Gabriola Island Silva Bay to Vancouver International Water Airport using de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver aircraft from Tofino Air.
In August 2015, Tofino Air dropped service from Nanaimo Harbour Water Aerodrome to Sechelt/Porpoise Bay and a new subsidiary airline called Sunshine Coast Air took over all service using de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver aircraft from Tofino Air, while Tofino Air now only offers scenic tours, and specialized charters from Tofino and scheduled flights to Hot Springs Cove and Ahousaht from Tofino.

## Fleet

The Tofino Air website does not list the de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter,. The Tofino Air fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of September 2019):
Tofino Air fleet :
| Aircraft | No. of aircraft | Passengers | Notes |
| Cessna 180 Skywagon | 4 | 4 seats | 180J |
| de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver | 3 | 6 seats | DHC2 MK. 1 |
| de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter | 1 | 9-10 seats | DHC-3-T Turbo-Otter |
| Total | 8 | | |
Transport Canada lists two more de Havilland Beavers, both with cancelled registration certificates.
# Tishomingo (disambiguation)

Tishomingo was chief of the Chickasaw nation.
Tishomingo may also refer to:

## Places
### United States
#### Mississippi

* Tishomingo, Mississippi
* Tishomingo County, Mississippi
* Tishomingo Creek, a stream in Mississippi from which a battle on June 10, 1864, took its name
* Tishomingo State Park

#### Oklahoma

* Tishomingo, Oklahoma
* Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge

## Buildings

* Tishomingo City Hall
* Tishomingo Hotel

## Arts, entertainment and media

* Tishomingo Blues, a 1917 song by Spencer Williams
* Tishomingo Blues (novel), a 2002 novel by Elmore Leonard
* "Tishomingo", a song by Zach Bryan from American Heartbreak, 2022
# Tolbert, West Virginia

Tolbert is an unincorporated community in Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. Tolbert is located on West Virginia Route 20, 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of Richwood.
# Tolbert Brown

Tolbert "Red" Brown was a college football player. He was the brother of Johnny Mack Brown. Brown was selected All-Southern by some writers in 1926.

## Early years

Brown was a native of Dothan, Alabama, the third of nine children. He was captain of the Dothan High football team in 1923.

## University of Alabama
### 1925

Brown played at end, while his brother "Mack" played at halfback in 1925.
# Chaetocladium elegans

Chaetocladium elegans is a species of fungus in the family Mucoraceae.
# Damias insignis

Damias insignis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Solomon Islands.
# Dame Fortune

Dame Fortune may refer to:
* Fortuna, goddess
* Dame Fortune, character in the Roman de Fauvel
* Dame Fortune, from the Tarot Wheel of Fortune card
* Dame Fortune (album), album by RJD2 2016
* "Dame Fortune", a song by XTC from the album Fuzzy Warbles Volume 1
# Zhang Gan

Zhang Gan (Chinese: 张淦) (17 September 1897 – 21 February 1959) was a Kuomintang general from Guangxi. Originally a major in the army of Lu Rongting's Old Guangxi clique, he went to over to Li Zongren's New Guangxi clique in 1926 and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant colonel and then colonel. In 1938, he participated in the defense of Wuhan. In 1939, after his participation in defending the northern Hubei city of Zaoyang against the attacks of the Imperial Japanese Army commanded by Yasuji Okamura. On 30 November 1949, he was taken prisoner by the Chinese Communist Party's People's Liberation Army, 10 years later he died in prison (1959-02-21).
# Zhang Fujia

Zhang Fujia (simplified Chinese: 张伏佳; traditional Chinese: 張伏佳; pinyin: Zhāng Fújia; born 15 August 1982 in Henan, China) is a Chinese baseball infielder for the Sichuan Dragons. He was a member of the China national baseball team competing in the 2009 World Baseball Classic.
# Zhou Wenyuan

Zhou Wenyuan (Chinese: 周文元; pinyin: Zhōu Wényuán; born July 1940) is a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army of China.
He was an alternate member of the 13th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and a member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Zhou was born in Tianjin, in July 1940 and graduated from Hebei Normal College of Politics and the PLA Political College. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in July 1961, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in April 1963. He served in the Shenyang Military Region for a long time. He was director of Political Department of the 23rd Group Army in 1983 and one year later became director of the Political Department of Dalian Army School. In March 1985, he was appointed deputy head of the People's Liberation Army General Political Department, in addition to serving as member of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission since March 1990. In November 1992, he was made deputy political commissar of the Shenyang Military Region, and served until April 1999.
He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in September 1988 and lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in July 1990.
# Damper

A damper is a device that deadens, restrains, or depresses. It may refer to:

## Music

* Damper pedal, a device that mutes musical tones, particularly in stringed instruments
* A mute for various brass instruments

## Structure

* Damper (flow), a mechanical device in a duct or chimney that regulates airflow
* Stockbridge damper, used to suppress wind-induced vibrations on taut cables
* Tuned mass damper, a device mounted in structures to prevent discomfort, damage or structural failure by vibration

## Other uses

* Damper (food), a bread of the Australian Outback
* In mechanical engineering, a damper is a device for suppressing vibrations in a mechanical system by dissipating energy.
** Dashpot, a type of hydraulic or mechanical damper
* Shock absorber (British or technical use: damper), a mechanical device designed to dissipate kinetic energy
* An item of boiler technology used to regulate the fire
* In electronics, a kind of diode intended to absorb energy peaks, normally generated by inductive circuitry
# Dampf-Bahn-Club Sprockhövel

The Dampf-Bahn-Club Sprockhövel has operated passenger transport on their ridable miniature railway with 127 mm (5 inches) and 184 mm (7¼ inches) gauge in Sprockhövel-Haßlinghausen in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany since 2004.

## Location

The rail track is located in the immediate vicinity of the former railway line Schee-Silschede, which is now used as a bicycle trail and is part of the Von-Ruhr-zur-Ruhr-Radweg.

## Route

The route, which runs in two partly winding circles over an area of about one hectare, is about 400 metres (440 yd) long. The tracks are laid on a concrete foundation with a camber in the bends.
This is a complex construction, which is rare in garden railways, as the tracks are usually laid as in the raw-model in a ballast bed. With financial support from a local foundation, the association succeeded in 2017 to build a steel bridge, which is also used as a track underpass.
The club regularly organizes public railway trips between April and September, which attracts mainly local families for leisure activities.

## Rolling stock

Most of the locomotive models are privately owned. These are driven by real steam or by electric motors that obtain their energy from accumulators. The scales of the vehicles vary between 1: 8 and 1: 3. Some locomotives were built in-house.
# Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis

Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis, the blue-striped angelfish and bluelined angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. it is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis has a background body colour of yellow to tan overlain with vivid longitudinal blue stripes and a yellow caudal fin. In the females the blue stripes run the length of the body. In the males the lines on the body are duller and they have blue lines on the face. The juveniles have a black background colour and there are yellow markings on their fins and a yellow bar to the rear of the head.

## Distribution

Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis occurs in the western Pacific Ocean from southern Japan and South Korea and Taiwan and southern China.

## Habitat and biology

Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis is commonest on rocky reefs which have large boulders and stones, as well as rubble slopes. It is found at depths of 2 to 30 metres (6.6 to 98.4 ft). Small juveniles are frequently commoner at depths over 15 metres (49 ft) down to 30 metres (98 ft) they are found on rocky, patch reefs and frequently stay close to a crevice where they can shelter if required. It feeds on sponges and tunicates. Like all other angelfish it is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with all individuals being female initially and the dominant ones changing to males.

## Systematics

Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis was first formally described in 1844 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel with the type locality given as Nagasaki. The specific name means northern, thought to be a reference to its more northerly distribution than apparently related species.

## Utlisation

Chaetondontoplus septentrionalis is infrequently traded in the aquarium trade but when it does appear it often thrives in captivity.
# Chaetodontoplus melanosoma

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma, the black-velvet angelfish, brown angelfish, or phantom angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a marine angelfish belonging to the family Pomacanthidae. It is found in the western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma has a body which has an overall black or brown colouration with an ochre face and yellowish-orange spots across the forehead. The dorsal, anal and caudal fins have yellow margins. The dorsal fin contains 13 spines and 17-19 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 17-18 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 20 centimetres (7.9 in).

## Distribution

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma is found in the western Pacific Ocean. It lives in central Indonesia around western Java, Bali, Komodo, Flores, Sulawesi, and northeastern Kalimantan. It is also found in Sabah in Malaysia and in the Sulu Archipelago, Cebu, and southern Luzon in the Philippines.

## Habitat and biology

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma occurs at depths of approximately 5 to 30 metres in outer rocky or coastal reefs, and is often found in areas with strong currents or upwellings of cooler water. Its eats tunicates and sponges, and may be observed in pairs or alone.C. melanosoma is hermaphroditic.

## Systematics

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma was first formally described in 1855 as Holocanthus melanosoma by the Dutch ichthyologist, herpetologist and physician Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878) with the type locality given as Lawajong on Solor in Indonesia. The specific name is a compound of the Greek melanos meaning “black” and soma meaning “body” a reference to the plain black body in adults.

## In the aquarium

Chaetodontoplus melanosoma is commonly exported for the aquarium trade. It is best kept at a temperature of 72 to 78 °F (22 to 26 °C), a pH of 8.1-8.4, a hardness of 8-12 dKH and a salinity of 1.020-1.025 sg. These fishes grow to 8 inches (20 cm) inches. They are omnivorous, and will consume aquarium invertebrates such as coral. These fish rarely breed in aquaria.
# Chak no 42 M.B

Chak no 42 M.B is a small village in Khushab District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Location

The village is located approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) from the district headquarters, Jauharabad, and 5 km from the nearby town of Mitha Tiwana. It is the seat of the union council of Botala. The village, with a population of approximately 3,000 people, covers an area of nearly 3 km$^2$ (1.2 sq mi). It is one of the fourteen villages that were settled after gaining independence in 1947.

## Demography

Army officers, junior commission officers, and soldiers were first settled in Chack no. 42 MB, which was known as 3 Chack Faujianwal at the time. Some civilian families also settled there later on. Chaudry Nabi Bukhsh Arain, Chaudry Ismail Arain, Subedar Rana Nazir Ahmed, Haveldar Muhammad Akber, and Allahi Bukhsh founded the village. Arain, Rajput, Khilgi, Jat, Rana, Malik, Khoher, and Shakh families live in this village. Chak no 42 M.B is a planned village with straight streets. The major governmental facility in the village is the union council office. A road connects this village with Mitha Tiwana and Botala in the west, and all thirteen chacks, district city Khushab, and Juaharabad in the east.
# Damir Puškar

Damir Puškar (born 3 September 1987) is a retired Slovenian futsal player who played as a goalkeeper. Between 2009 and 2020, he represented the Slovenia national team, making 115 appearances.
# Daniel Alexander

Daniel Alexander may refer to:
* Danny Alexander (born 1972), Scottish politician
* Daniel Alexander (basketball) (born 1991), American basketball player
* Daniel Asher Alexander (1768–1846), English architect and engineer
* Daniel Robert Alexander (1859–?), American settler and trader in Ethiopia