OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Virampur

Virampur is a village in the eastern part Banaskantha district of Gujarat, India. It is located 140 km from state capital Gandhinagar. The total geographical area of Virampur village is 3992.8 hectares. Virampur has a total population of 5,206 people.
# Eleven of Gold

Eleven of Gold or Onze d'Or is the nomination of the best 11 players in every season of Moroccan Botola. A trophy will be offered to all 11 players in a ceremony which must be organized by Méditel, the Telecom company who is supporting this award since 2007–2008. The players are always chosen by fans who vote by SMS.

## Awards

| Season | Goalkeepers | Defenders | Midfielders | Forwards | Best Coach | Best Moroccan Coach |
| Eleven of Gold 2001 | Abdelilah Bagui | Abderrahim Chkilit Mohammed Benchrifa Mohamed Kharbouch Badr El Kaddouri | Otmane El Assas Khalid Khama Omar Hassi | Hakim Daoudi Rabie El Afoui Gassmi | | |
| Eleven of Gold 2002 | Tarik El Jarmouni | Abdellatif Jrindou Hicham Louissi Lahcen Abrami Mourad Fellah Noureddine Kacemi | Khalid Khama Zakaria Aboub Omar Hassi | Mustapha Bidoudane Hicham Aboucherouane | | |
| Eleven of Gold 2003 | Mustapha Chadili | Hicham Louissi Ali Bouab Sami Tajeddine Noureddine Kacemi | Nabil Mesloub Merouane Zemmama Ahmed Ajeddou Mounir Benkassou | Mustapha Bidoudane Hassan Ouchrif | | |
| Eleven of Gold 2004 | Mustapha Chadili | Hicham Louissi Sami Tajeddine Zakaria Zerouali Elamine Erbate | Mohammed Amine Kabli Nabil Mesloub Youssef Kaddioui Ahmed Ajeddou | Abdessamad Rafik Mustapha Bidoudane | Mohamed Fakhir | Mohamed Fakhir |
| Botola 2007-08 | Youssef El Abbady | Mourad Rafai Ahmed Demiani Ahmed Alami Elouali Mourad Ainy | Abderrahmane Mssassi Mohamed Oulhaj Mohamed Madihi Mohsine Moutouali | Mehdi Namli Hicham El Fatihi | Hussein Ammouta | Hussein Ammouta |
| Botola 2008-09 | Karim Fegrouch | Mohamed Oulhaj Hicham Louissi Khalid Sekkat Zakaria Zerouali | Younes Mankari Abdessamad Rafik Said Fettah Khalid Lebhij | Mustapha Allaoui Mustapha Bidoudane | José Romão | Badou Ezzaki |
# Kūlgrinda (disambiguation)

Kūlgrinda is a secret underwater causeway in the history of Lithuania.
Kūlgrinda may also refer to one of the following.
* Kūlgrinda (band), a Lithuanian pagan folk band
* Kūlgrinda, a 1984 historical novel by Petras Dirgėla
# Niederwald

Niederwald may refer to:
* Niederwald, Texas, U.S.A
* Niederwald, Switzerland, in the canton of Valais
* Niederwald is the name of the hill in Germany where the Niederwalddenkmal is located
* Niederwald is the German word for coppice
# MVHR

MVHR may refer to:
* Mechanical ventilation heat recovery, an energy recovery ventilation system working between two sources that have different temperatures
* Mary Valley Heritage Railway (now Mary Valley Rattler), conducting tours in Queensland, Australia
# Count You of Cao

Count You of Cao (?–826 BCE) (Chinese: 曹幽伯; pinyin: Cáo Yōu Bó) was the seventh ruler of the vassal State of Cao during the Chinese Western Zhou dynasty (1046–770 BCE). Born Jī Jiāng (姬疆), he was the son of Count Xiao of Cao (曹孝伯) and the younger brother of Count Yi of Cao (曹夷伯).
Count You was killed by his younger brother Count Dai of Cao (曹戴伯) in 826 BCE after a nine-year reign.
Count You of Cao State of Cao :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byCount Yi of Cao (曹夷伯) | Ruler of Cao 835–826 BC | Succeeded byCount Dai of Cao (曹戴伯) |
# Mutshatsha

Mutshatsha may refer to:
* Mutshatsha, Katanga
* Mutshatsha Territory
# Christian Petry

Christian Petry (born 15 March 1965 in Neunkirchen, Saarland) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who has been a Member of the German Bundestag since January 2014, representing constituency 298, St Wendel.
Within the German Bundestag, Petry is spokesman on European affairs for the SPD parliamentary group. and spokesman of the SPD parliamentary group on the Committee on European Union Affairs. In addition, he has served as secretary-general of the Saarland branch of the SPD since March 2018.

## Early life and career

Petry studied public administration, economics and business administration, graduating with a degree in public administration from a university of applied sciences.
From 1992 to 1995 Petry worked as a research assistant for the SPD parliamentary group in the State Parliament of Saarland under Reinhard Klimmt, and from 1995 to 1998 he served as the personal assistant and press spokesman of the Saarland's State Minister of the Interior, Friedel Läpple, after which he worked as press spokesman for the SPD parliamentary group in the State Parliament until 1999. He was subsequently a senior officer in the field of citizenship and civil status matters and foundation law in Saarland's State Ministry of the Interior.

## Political career

Petry has been a member of Illingen municipal council since 1989; he is also a member of Welschbach local council and has been the leader of the council since 1999.
In 2014, Petry became a member of the German Bundestag. He has since been a member of the Committee on European Union Affairs, the Finance Committee and the Parliamentary Panel on Financial-Market Stabilisation. Since 2018, he has been his parliamentary group's spokesman on European affairs.
In addition to his committee assignments, Petry is a member of the German-French Working Group on the Élysée Treaty and the Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the EU. He has been a member of the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly since 2019.
In 2020, Petry also joined the German delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE).
Within the SPD parliamentary group, Petry belongs to the Parliamentary Left, a left-wing movement.

## Other activities

* Saarland Technical Relief Assistance Association, President
* Technical Relief Foundation (THW), Member of the Board of Trustees
* Institute for European Politics (IEP), Member of the Board of Trustees
* European Movement Germany, Vice-president
# Rethondes

Rethondes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. It is associated with the signing of the armistice of 11 November 1918, which ended World War I, although the actual location of the signing was on the other side of the Aisne in the commune of Compiègne. The same spot was also where Nazi Germany had Vichy government sign the armistice of 22 June 1940, during World War II.
# Nowogródzka Cavalry Brigade

Nowogródzka Cavalry Brigade (Polish: Nowogródzka Brygada Kawalerii) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It was created on April 1, 1937, out of the Baranowicze Cavalry Brigade. It took its name from Nowogródek town. Its headquarters were stationed in the town of Baranowicze. It consisted of several units, garrisoned in several towns located in northeast part of pre-1939 Poland:
* 25th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment, stationed in Pruzana,
* 26th Greater Poland Uhlan Regiment, stationed in Baranowicze,
* 27th King Stefan Batory Uhlan Regiment, stationed in Nieswiez,
* 3rd Regiment of Mounted Rifles, stationed in Wolkowysk,
* 9th Regiment of Mounted Artillery, stationed in Baranowicze,
* 9th Squadron of Pioneers, stationed in Baranowicze,
* 9th Squadron of Communication, stationed in Baranowicze.

## Participation in Polish September Campaign

The Brigade, commanded by General Władysław Anders, was mobilized as early as March 23, 1939 and, together with Polish 20th Infantry Division (also garrisoned in Baranowicze), was transported to the area of Sierpc and Płock. It became part of the Modlin Army, on August 8, 1939, it was moved north, to the Polish–Prussian border, near the town of Lidzbark. Its purpose was to cover western wing of the Army.
On September 1, 1939, the Brigade faced German 217 I.D. of General Richard Baltzer, west of Mława. On September 4 it organized a successful counterattack, but after Polish positions had been broken, the Brigade had to withdraw south. It was ordered to defend the Vistula river between Dobrzyń and Czerwinsk.
On September 6, 1939, General Anders was informed that his troops became part of the freshly created Warszawa Army under General Juliusz Rómmel, six days later the Brigade was ordered to attack German forces in Mińsk Mazowiecki. The assault began on September 13, together with the Wielkopolska Cavalry Brigade the Poles attacked German 11th I.D. However, without support promised by the Army, the offensive halted. After that, General Rommel ordered the Brigade to move towards Lublin, as mounted troops were of no use in urban warfare in Warsaw.
Upon reaching the area of Lublin, the Brigade became part of Northern Front, commanded by General Stefan Dąb-Biernacki. It took part in heavy fights in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski. In the morning of September 27, 1939 the Germans, using aircraft, artillery and tanks, managed to destroy the Brigade.
# Eleven vows

Eleven vows (Ekadash vrat) were part of the ethical system prescribed by Mahatma Gandhi mainly for all those residing in the ashram.
Gandhi insisted on observance of these eleven vows in Ashram.

## The vows

A book originally published in Gujarati and later in English titled 'Character And Nation Building' is a summary of 'Ashram observances and constructive programme' discusses these vows. The eleven vows were:

### Ahimsa (non-violence)

The vow of non-killing or love for all. For Gandhi, 'ahinsa' meant universal love, love for the oppressed as well as the oppressor, love for the labourer as well as the landlord.

### Satya (truth)

Truth was paramount for Gandhi. He equated it with God.

### Asteya (Non-Stealing)

Mahatma Gandhi sums up this vow as :
   I suggest that we are thieves in a way. If I take anything that I do not need for my own immediate use and keep it, I thieve it from somebody else.

### Brahmacharya (self-control)

Celibacy towards other women and men and even towards one's own partner, seeing him/her as a lifelong friend.

### Asangraha (renunciation of possession)

Gandhi asked for progressive simplication of one's life by renouncing things that one doesn't need.

### Sharir shram (Bread labour)

Gandhi ji writes ::
   Man can be saved from injuring society as well as himself only if he sustains his physical existence by physical labour.

### Asvada (control of the palate)

For strict observance of brahmacharya, this vow was found to be important. It meant abstinence from delicacies and feasts etc.

### Swadeshi (self-reliance)

Men can best serve the world by serving his neighbour.

### Abhaya (fearlessness on all occasions)

Fear hinders spiritual progress and therefore observance of this vow was mentioned separately.

### Asparsh (no untouchability)

No one was treated as an untouchable at the Ashram.

## Speech and book

In 1915 Gandhi delivered an address to the students at Madras in which he discussed these vows. It was later published as "The Need of India". He would deliver a speech on the Ashram vows every Tuesday after prayers. These speeches were published as a book Mangal Prabhat in 1958.
# Kətəlparaq

Kətəlparaq (also, Ketalparag and Ketal-Porakh) is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,058.
# Vajna

Vajna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew G. Vajna (1944–2019), a Hungarian-American film producer
* Gábor Vajna (1891–1946), a Hungarian politician
# MVG Museum

The MVG Museum of the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft is a public transportation museum for the presentation of historical and modern public transportation in Munich. In an area of over 5,000 square meters (54,000 sq ft) are around 25 historical trams, buses and work vehicles on exhibit. The streetcars are arranged on two tracks leading through the entire hall. The "CVs" are also displayed for each vehicle. In addition, the museum present more than 150 billboards and other exhibits, such as a subway simulator in an original car from the 1980s, several tramway driving switches, historical paintings, a small cinema and a model railroad exhibition. The MVG-Museum is located in a part of the historically protected Ausbesserungswerk at Ständlerstraße 20 in Ramersdorf. It was opened on 28 October 2007. The museum is open to the public two Sundays each month.

## Events

The Main building and the large hall of the museum also serve as an event location. In addition to all the well-known events held in the MVG Museum in Munich, Braukunst Live! has been held there since 2012.
# Naumann (crater)

Naumann is a lunar impact crater located on the Oceanus Procellarum in the northwest sector of the Moon. It is a bowl-shaped, symmetrical crater with a relatively high-albedo rim. There are no notable impact craters overlaying the rim edge or the interior. The nearest named craters are Lichtenberg to the southwest and Nielsen to the southeast. Otherwise it is located in a region of lunar mare which is devoid of significant features.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Naumann.
| Naumann | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| B | 37.4° N | 60.6° W | 10 km |
| G | 33.6° N | 60.7° W | 6 km |
# Kartheiser

Kartheiser is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Josiane Kartheiser (born 1950), Luxembourger journalist, novelist, and writer
* Vincent Kartheiser (born 1979), American actor
# Mutshatsha, Lualaba

Mutshatsha is a town in the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the border with both Zambia and Angola. It is the administrative center of the territory of the same name in Lualaba province.

## Transport

The town is served by a station on the Benguela railway.
# Morta of Lithuania

Morta (died in 1263) was Queen of Lithuania (1253–1262) upon the accession of her husband, King Mindaugas. Very little is known about her life. Probably, Morta was Mindaugas' second wife as Vaišvilkas, the eldest son of Mindaugas, was already a mature man active in international politics when Morta's sons were still young and dependent on the parents. After her death, Mindaugas married her sister, the wife of Daumantas. In revenge, Daumantas allied with Treniota and assassinated Mindaugas and two of Morta's sons in 1263.

## Origin

Her pagan name is unknown. The only clue into her origin or birthplace is a short mention in the comments following the treaty signed in 1219 between the Lithuanian dukes and Galicia–Volhynia. It says that Mindaugas killed many members of the Bulaičiai family, including Vismantas, whose wife Mindaugas took for himself. The Hypatian Codex elaborates that Vismantas was killed in 1251–1253 during an attack against Vykintas' castle (often assumed to be in Tverai). It is generally assumed that Morta was Vismantas' wife. Lithuanian historian Edvardas Gudavičius analyzed toponyms and determined that the Bulaičiai family most likely hailed from the Šiauliai region. Based on this extrapolation, residents of Šiauliai call the city home of Morta.
In the 16th-century Preussische Chronik, it is mentioned that Morta was actually from Sweden since at the time it was a common practice for pagan rulers who were seeking the throne to marry Christian brides from foreign countries. However, historians consider this claim to be untrue, suggesting that German chroniclers only thought so because they could not believe that a Lithuanian pagan could be such a fierce defender of Western Christianity.

## Life

Morta's life is briefly described in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. The Chronicle paints an image of a capable woman who advised her husband in political affairs and even provides several colorful dialogues between her and Mindaugas. According to the Chronicle, she supported Lithuanian conversion to Christianity, opposed Treniota, and defended the Christians when Mindaugas relapsed to his pagan faith. Taking into account her support to the Christians and the fact that her pagan name is unknown, Rimvydas Petrauskas proposed that perhaps Morta was baptized earlier than Mindaugas (he was baptized c. 1252 by the Bishop of Chełmno).

## Family

The written sources contain little information on Morta's family and it is not entirely clear how many children she had. Two sons, Replys and Gerstukas, are mentioned once in an act dated August 7, 1261. The act, by which Mindaugas granted all of Selonia to the Livonian Order, could be a medieval forgery by the Order. According to the Hypatian Codex, two sons, Rūklys and Rupeikis, were assassinated together with Mindaugas in 1263. This is the only information available and historians disagree on whether these were the same two sons, whose names were distorted by medieval scribes, or whether there were four sons.
# Nowogródek District

Nowogródek District was a district of the Second Polish Republic from 1920 to 1921. Its capital was Novogrudok. It was formed on 20 December 1920 from the parts Wilno, Brześć, Mińsk Districts of the freshly disestablished Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories. On 19 February 1921 it was reformed into Nowogródek Voivodeship.

## History

Nowogródek District was established as the district of Second Polish Republic on 20 December 1920. It was formed from the eastern part of Wilno District, that was not given to Lithuania, northwestern part of Brześć District and a small portion of western Mińsk District. It replaced the administration of the Provisional Administration of Front-line and Phase Territories in the region. The region was governed by the Chief of District, a public official, who was a representative of the Council of Ministers, responsible for the implementation of the laws as well as superior to local administration offices.
From Wilno District were included eight counties: Brasław (excluding six municipalities incorporated into Latvia in June 1920), Duniłowicze (inclucing town of Dokshytsy and Gmina Dokszyce from Mińsk District), Dzisna, Grodno, Lida, Nowogródek, Wilejka (excluding southeaster borderlands) and Wołożyn.
From Brześć District were included 4 counties: Baranowicze, Nieśwież (inclucing Hrycewicze and Teladowicze municipalities from Mińsk District), Słonim and Wołkowysk.
From Mińsk District was included Stołpce County.
On 14 August 1921, counties of Grodno and Wołkowysk were incorporated into freshly established Białystok Voivodeship. On 19 February 1921, the district was reformed into Nowogródek Voivodeship. Additionally, it was stated that the border between the voivodeship and potential Wilno Voivodeship, that would be eventually formed from Wilno Land, would be agreed upon later.

## Subdivision
### Counties

* Baranowicze
* Brasław
* Duniłowicze
* Dzisna
* Grodno (until 1921)
* Lida
* Nieśwież
* Nowogródek
* Słonim
* Stołpce
* Wilejka
* Wołkowysk (until 1921)
* Wołożyn
# La Cruz, Tamaulipas

La Cruz is a community located in Nuevo Laredo Municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. According to the INEGI Census of 2010, La Cruz has a population of 159 inhabitants. Its elevation is 132 metres (433 ft) above sea level.
# First Treaty of Buffalo Creek

The First Treaty of Buffalo Creek signed on July 8, 1788 Phelps and Gorham purchased title to lands east from the Genesee River in New York to the Preemption Line.
# Estonian Science Photo Competition

The Estonian Science Photo Competition (Estonian: teadusfoto võistlus) is a photography competition that aims to popularize science and make more science related images freely available.
It has acted as an inspiration for European Science Photo Competition first held in 2015 and Wiki Science Competition first held in 2017.

## History

The competition was first held in 2006 (image collection process started already in 2005). In 2006 and 2007 it was organized by an Estonian science journalist Tiit Kändler.
It was relaunched in 2011 and organized by wikipedian Ivo Kruusamägi. It was now held in Wikipedia and the submitted images were given under free licence. Competition also took place in 2012 and 2013.
In 2015 this event was held as a part of European Science Photo Competition. This contest involved 40 countries, over 2,200 people, and nearly 10,000 images. This was again organized by Ivo Kruusamägi and it won the 2nd prize of the Estonian Science Communication Award in the category of science and technology communication via audio-visual and electronic media.
In 2017 it was held as a worldwide Wiki Science Competition and it once again collected around 10,000 images.
Maxim Bilovitskiy from Estonia also won the Non-photographic media category in the European Science Photo Competition 2015 and in Wiki Science Competition 2017.
* 2011
* 2012
* 2012
* 2013
* 2013
* 2015
* 2017
* 2019
* 2021
* 2023

## Winners

* 2006 – Ivar Jüssi
* 2007 – Heiti Paves
* 2011 – Timo Palo
* 2012 – Toomas Jagomäe
* 2013 – Heiti Paves
* 2015 – Tavo Romann
* 2017 – Kertu Liis Krigul
* 2019 – Tavo Romann
* 2021 – Peeter Paaver
* 2023 – Enno Merivee

## Example images

* Drifting ice camp in the middle of the Arctic Ocean
* Anther of the thale cress
* Newly hatched rainbow trout
* Scanning electron micrograph of a trichome
* Making the last preparations to launch a new controllable monitoring seine
* X-ray crystallography
* Coated silver nanowire under extreme conditions
# Elizabeth Moleyns

Elizabeth Moleyns (born 1563) was an English courtier.
She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Southwell (d. 1568) of Woodrising, Norfolk and his third wife Nazareth Newton. She was a half-sister of Vice Admiral Robert Southwell.
Elizabeth Southwell was a Maid of Honour to Queen Elizabeth.
There may be some confusion among ladies in waiting to Elizabeth and Anne of Denmark called "Mistress Southwell", including her niece Elizabeth Southwell who ran away from court and married Robert Dudley. This Mistress Southwell came to court in January 1600, as a replacement for Margaret Radclyffe, and Rowland Whyte noted she would be sworn in as a maid of honour, "My Lady Newton having sought it for her daughter". (Nazareth Newton was her aunt, not her mother). Elizabeth Dudley's mother was another "Mistress Southwell" at court, Elizabeth Howard, Countess of Carrick, the widow of Elizabeth Moleyns' brother Sir Robert Southwell.
Southwell was a mistress of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and in 1591 mother of Walter Devereux. Her pregnancy and absence from court was disguised as a "lameness in her leg". For a while Thomas Vavasour pretended to be the father, to protect the reputation of the queen's favourite, but Queen Elizabeth discovered the facts in May 1595.
She married Sir Barentine Moleyns of Clapcot near Wallingford in 1599. Moleyns, who was younger than his wife, was said to be notorious for his ugliness and was a veteran soldier weakened by his injuries.
Rowland Whyte mentioned that "Lady Moleyns, she that was Mistress Southwell, the maid" came to the christening of Barbara Sidney, daughter of Sir Robert Sidney and Barbara Gamage, in December 1599 in the company of Anne St John, Lady Effingham.
She had a son, Michael Molyns.
# Karin Verguts

Karin Verguts (born 3 May 1961) is a Belgian sprinter. She competed in the women's 200 metres at the 1980 Summer Olympics.