OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allen County Courthouse (Kansas)

The Allen County Courthouse, located at 1 North Washington Avenue in Iola, is the seat of government of Allen County, Kansas. Iola has been the county seat since 1865. The courthouse was built from 1957 to 1958 by contractors Dondlinger & Sons Construction Company, Inc. of Iola at a total cost of $656,364.
Architect Brink and Dunwoody designed the courthouse in the Modern style. The courthouse is one story and faces west. It is constructed of red-colored brick and light-colored concrete. It is located on spacious landscaped grounds in the center of the city. The old courthouse clock (constructed in 1904) is situated on the courthouse lawn.
The first courthouse was purchased in 1866 and located in Iola; prior courthouses were located in Cofachique and Humboldt. The current courthouse is the fifth structure used as a courthouse.
# Bonds, Indiana

Bonds is an unincorporated community in Northwest Township, Orange County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Bonds in 1894, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1906.
# 2013 Kyrgyzstan Cup

The 2013 edition of the Kyrgyzstan Cup was the annual Kyrgyzstan football competition between domestic clubs.

## Play-off round
### 1/16 Round

The 1/16 round matches were played on 7, 8, 9 and 11 June 2013.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Djeyti Atletik | 1–2 | Zhivoye Pivo |
| Belovodsk | 1–2 | Vetka |
| Asil | 2–1 | Energetik |
| FK Aldiyer (Kurshab) | 5–1 | FK Ak-Zhol (Aravan) |
| RUOR-97 | w/o | FK Khimik Kara-Balta |
| Talas | 0–1 | FK Ala-Too-2 Naryn |
| FK Dordoi-2 Bishkek | 3-3 (pen4-5) | FK Alga-2 (Bishkek) |

### 1/8 round

The 1/8 round matches were played on 2, 3 and 4 July 2013.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FK Dordoi Bishkek | 3-0 | Vetka |
| FK Alga-2 (Bishkek) | w/o | Manas (Talas) |
| FK Aldiyer (Kurshab) | 0-1 | DSK Neftchi (Kochkor-Ata) |
| Asil | 0-2 | FK Alay (Osh) |
| RUOR-97 | 0-6 | FK Alga (Bishkek) |
| Zhivoye Pivo | 0-1 | FK Ala-Too Naryn |
| FK Ala-Too-2 Naryn | 0-7 | FK Abdysh-Ata (Kant) |
| FK Nashe Pivo (Kant) | w/o | Yssik-Kol (Karakol) |

### 1/4 Round

The 1/4 round matches were played on 23 July 2013.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FK Nashe Pivo (Kant) | 1-4 | FK Dordoi Bishkek |
| FK Alga-2 (Bishkek) | 2-8 | FK Abdysh-Ata (Kant) |
| FK Alay (Osh) | 2-0 | DSK Neftchi (Kochkor-Ata) |
| FK Ala-Too Naryn | 1-2 | FK Alga (Bishkek) |

### 1/2 Round

The 1/2 round matches were played 1st leg on 17-18 August and 2nd leg on 21-24 August 2013.
| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| FK Abdysh-Ata (Kant) | 1-3 | FK Dordoi Bishkek | 1-2 | 0-1 |
| FK Alga (Bishkek) | 1-3 | FK Alay (Osh) | 1-2 | 0-1 |

### Final

The final was played on 31 August 2013.
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FK Alay (Osh) | 1-1 (pen4-2) | FK Dordoi Bishkek |
# 2010 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships – Doubles

Santiago González and Simon Stadler were the defending champions but decided not to participate. Ryan Harrison and Travis Rettenmaier won the final 6–3, 6–3, against Rik de Voest and Bobby Reynolds.

## Seeds

* Ryler DeHeart / Pierre-Ludovic Duclos (semifinals)
* David Martin / Travis Parrott (first round)
* Ryan Harrison / Travis Rettenmaier (champions)
* Rik de Voest / Bobby Reynolds (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | R DeHeart P-L Duclos | 1 | 6 | [17] | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Monroe D Young | 6 | 1 | [15] | 1 | R DeHeart P-L Duclos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | P Bester A Kumar | 6 | 6 | | | P Bester A Kumar | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| WC | B Joelson P Simmonds | 3 | 3 | | | | | | 1 | R DeHeart P-L Duclos | 4 | 4 | | | | |
| 4 | R de Voest B Reynolds | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 4 | R de Voest B Reynolds | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| WC | A Gerst G Sacks | 3 | 2 | | 4 | R de Voest B Reynolds | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | G Jones J Witten | 6 | 3 | [10] | | G Jones J Witten | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | |
| Q | C Klingemann M Venus | 0 | 6 | [3] | | | | | | | | | 4 | R de Voest B Reynolds | 3 | 3 |
| | A Kuznetsov T Smyczek | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | R Harrison T Rettenmaier | 6 | 6 |
| | C Ball M Matosevic | 4 | 4 | | | A Kuznetsov T Smyczek | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| WC | M Ein K Kim | 1 | 2 | | 3 | R Harrison T Rettenmaier | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | R Harrison T Rettenmaier | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | R Harrison T Rettenmaier | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| | D King-Turner F Nielsen | 6$^5$ | 6 | [4] | | | | | | JP Fruttero I van der Merwe | 2 | 5 | | | | |
| | L Cook A Delić | 7 | 4 | [10] | | L Cook A Delić | 1 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | |
| | JP Fruttero I van der Merwe | 2 | 6 | [11] | | JP Fruttero I van der Merwe | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | D Martin T Parrott | 6 | 3 | [9] | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Gatehouse of Fleet Town Hall

Gatehouse of Fleet Town Hall is a former municipal building in the High Street in Gatehouse of Fleet, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The structure, which is now in private residential ownership, provides access to a fine ornamental garden behind the town hall.

## History

Although Gatehouse of Fleet became a police burgh in 1852, it was not until the early 1880s that proposals for a town hall emerged and, even then, the initiative was led by the artists, John and Thomas Faed who lived at Barlay Mill. The site that the burgh council selected, on the southeast side of the High Street, was occupied by a public house, The Commercial Inn. The provost, James Cox, oversaw the project during the delivery stage.
The new building was designed by James Robart Pearson of Edinburgh in the Renaissance style, built in red sandstone and was officially opened by Thomas Faed on 11 August 1885. As part of the celebrations, a painting, View of Gatehouse of Fleet, by John Faed was unveiled by his sister, Susan, and his wife, Jane.
The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with three bays facing onto the High Street; the central bay, which slightly projected forward, featured a doorway on the ground floor, two sash window on the first floor and a stepped gable with a finial above. The outer bays were fenestrated by sash windows on both floors. Internally, the principal room was the main assembly hall on the first floor which contained an arched recess in which to display the painting.
A cinema showing silent films operated in the town hall in the first half of the 20th century. By 1973 it was found that the rear of the building was unsafe and the burgh council decided to close the hall to the public, demolish it and engage the local architect Antony Curtiss Wolffe to draw up plans for a remodelling.
The town hall continued to serve as the meeting place of the burgh council but ceased to be the local seat of government when the enlarged Stewartry District Council was formed in 1975. Alterations to a design by Antony Curtis Wolffe were completed in the 1970s and a major reconstruction of the building, to a design by the district architect's department at Stewartry District Council, was completed in time for the bicentenary of the town in 1995. The reconstruction involved a new pend being driven through the building to allow access to the fine ornamental garden behind the town hall. The entrance to the pend was flanked by a pair of Doric order columns supporting an arch of voussoirs, inscribed with the words "Town Hall", and a round headed hood mould. The building was transferred to private residential ownership, and the painting by John Faed was relocated to the local schoolhouse and subsequently to the Mill on the Fleet visitor and exhibition centre.
# HMS Mauritius

One ship and one shore establishment of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Mauritius, in reference to the former colony of Mauritius:
* HMS Mauritius (80) was a Crown Colony-class light cruiser launched in 1939 and scrapped in 1965.
* HMS Mauritius (shore establishment) was a Royal Navy wireless radio station established at Baie du Tombeau in Mauritius, commissioned in 1962. It ceased to operate in 1975 and its staff was paid off in 1976.
# Baron Birdwood

Baron Birdwood, of Anzac and of Totnes in the County of Devon, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
It was created on 25 January 1938 for Sir William Birdwood, 1st Baronet. He is chiefly remembered as the commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915. Birdwood had already been created a Baronet, of Anzac and Totnes, on 29 December 1919.
The first two barons had only one son each; on the death of the 3rd Baron without male issue in 2015, the barony and baronetcy became extinct.
The politician Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, was the second wife of the second Baron.

## Barons Birdwood (1938)

* William Riddell Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood (1865–1951)
* Christopher Bromhead Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood (1899–1962)
* Mark William Ogilvie Birdwood, 3rd Baron Birdwood (1938–2015)

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of :
* CoronetA coronet of a Baron
* CrestOut of a Mural Crown Gules a Martlet Argent between two Branches of Laurel proper
* EscutcheonAzure, five martlets, two, two and one, within an inescutcheon voided a representation of the Southern Cross, all argent
* SupportersDexter: a Sergeant of the XIIth (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers mounted on a Bay Horse; Sinister: a Sikh Daffadar of the XIth (Prince of Wales's Own) Bengal Lancers mounted on a Chestnut Horse, both habited and accoutred proper
* MottoIn Bello Quies ("Calm in action")
# Hamburger Edition

The Hamburger Edition is the publishing house of the Hamburg Institute for Social Research. It was established in the fall of 1994 with the aim of publishing results of the institute's scholarship with the broader public in mind. In its over 20-year history, the Hamburger Edition published monographs, essays, and books by more than five hundred authors, many of whom served as members of the Institute while others came from a range of related disciplines in the German-speaking world, and internationally.
In the spring of 1995 the Hamburger Edition published its first nine books which defined the publishing program maintained consistently until today. They were monographs on nationalism and xenophobia, violence, Stalinism, and anti-Semitism. Also in 1995, the Hamburger Edition published the catalogue (in a book form) for an exhibit "Crimes of the German Wehrmacht: Dimensions of a War of Annihilation, 1941-1944" (Verbrechen der Wehrmacht. Dimensionen des Vernichtungskriegs 1941-1944), organized by the institute.
# Allen County Courthouse

Allen County Courthouse may refer to:
* Allen County Courthouse (Indiana), Fort Wayne, Indiana
* Allen County Courthouse (Kansas), Iola, Kansas
* Allen County Courthouse (Ohio), Lima, Ohio
# Bishop Feild College

Bishop Feild College (originally Church of England Academy; formerly Church of England College and Bishop Feild School; currently Bishop Feild Elementary), founded in 1844, is a school in St. John's, Newfoundland. Founded as the Church of England Academy, it was renamed in 1892 as the Church of England College in 1892, before its 1894 name change to Bishop Feild College. The renaming was in honor of Bishop Edward Feild, a school inspector and second bishop of Newfoundland.
Originally an Anglican-affiliated boys school of the Newfoundland Cathedral, it later also admitted girls. BFC has functioned as a middle school and secondary school, but it now only admits students through grade 6. An independent private school until the 1960s, it eventually joined the school board. It is a member of the International League of Peaceful Schools. It currently teaches approximately 350 children in grades Kindergarten to Grade 6 that offers an English language stream as well as an Early French Immersion Program.
Early headmasters of BFC came from England. Ralph Robinson Wood was the first headmaster born in Newfoundland. BFC alumni are referred to as "Old Feildians".
The Feildian was a monthly magazine pertaining to BFC and other Church of England schools in Newfoundland. Its objectives were to foster school spirit while chronicling the school's affairs through content such as correspondence, news, sports, and an alumni section. Established in 1893, it ceased publication in 1960. It was the first publication of its kind in Newfoundland.

## Building

The current building, located at 46 Bond Street and built in 1926 by Anglin and Norcross, was designed by the architect Eustace G. Bird in Collegiate Gothic Revival style. This style was typical for Church of England buildings that were commissioned under Bishop Feild.as he sought a "high-church" tone set around the Anglican Church. The building plan is a rectangular, long façade. Its defining elements include crenellation and rusticated stone. Indiana limestone is used, with limestone quoining at corners. At the entranceway, there are places that represent the coasts of arms of the school, city, province, and the diocese. Large windows are also located at the entranceway. Keystone trim can be found around windows. BFC was named as a Registered Heritage Structure by the Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador in June 1994.

## Alumni

* Thomas Ricketts
* William G. Adams
* Hugh Abercrombie Anderson
* John Murray Anderson
* Andrew Carnell
* Chesley William Carter
* John T. Cheeseman
* William Coaker
* Eric Dawe
* Ewart John Arlington Harnum
* William Richard Kent
* Walter Learning
* Moses Morgan
* John Shannon Munn
* Leonard Outerbridge
* Bill Rompkey
* Jack Henry Scammell
* Reginald F. Sparkes
* William Warren

## Academics

* Arthur Barnes, vice-principal
# Betsy Dewar Boyce

Betsy Dewar Boyce (March 27, 1913—August 12, 2007) was a Canadian historian.

## Biography

Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Boyce graduated from McMaster University in Hamilton in 1933, with an Arts degree, winning a gold medal. She attended Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto for two years, until 1935.
Boyce was active in the University Women's Club in Toronto. When she moved to Belleville, she was active in the Belleville community as a New Democratic Party activist, as a member of Amnesty International, and as the picture archivist for the Hastings County Historical Society. Boyce died in Belleville, Ontario, Canada in 2007.

## Major works

Her first major work was The Rebels of Hastings, referring to Hastings County, the region in southeastern Ontario which contains Belleville. This book was published by the University of Toronto Press in 1992; ISBN 978-080-2059864.
Her second major work was published posthumously, in 2017. This book, entitled The Accidental Prime Minister: The Biography of Sir Mackenzie Bowell (ISBN 978-1-926529-09-7), is the first major biography of Sir Mackenzie Bowell, who served as Canada's fifth prime minister, from 1894 to 1896, as part of a 50-year parliamentary career. She had completed the work in 2007, but could not find a publisher; the book has been published in 2017 by Kirby Books of Bancroft, Ontario.
# Hohenbergia augusta

Hohenbergia augusta is a plant species in the genus Hohenbergia. This species is endemic to Brazil.
# Arno Gruen

Arno Gruen (May 26, 1923 – October 20, 2015) was a Swiss-German psychologist and psychoanalyst.

## Biography

Gruen was born in Berlin in 1923, and emigrated to the United States as a child in 1936 when his parents, James and Rosa Gruen, fled Germany to save their lives. During the journey, Gruen celebrated his Bar Mitzvah in the Great Synagogue of Warsaw, on June 6, 1936.
He studied at the City College of New York. Then, after completing his graduate studies in psychology at New York University, he trained in psychoanalysis under Theodor Reik at one of the first psychoanalytic training centers for psychologists, the National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis in New York City.
Gruen held many teaching posts, including seventeen years as professor of psychology at Rutgers University. From 1979 on, he lived and practiced in Switzerland. Widely published in German, his groundbreaking first book to be released in English, The Betrayal of the Self, was published by Grove Press in 1988.
Gruen's place in the history of psychology can be summarized as follows. According to Sigmund Freud, human beings are born with an innate tendency to destruction and violence; throughout his scholarly and clinical career, Prof. Gruen challenged that assumption, arguing instead that at the root of evil lies self-hatred, a rage originating in a self-betrayal that begins in childhood, when autonomy is surrendered in exchange for the "love" of those who wield power over us.
To share in that subjugating power, people create a false self, a pleasing-to-others image of themselves that springs from a powerful, deep-seated fear of being hurt, humiliated or abandoned. Gruen traced this pattern of over-adaptation, and the fate of those who resist the pressure to conform, through a number of case studies, sociological phenomena—from Nazism to Reaganomics—and literary works. The insanity of rage and numbness that this hyper-conformity produces, unfortunately, goes widely unrecognized precisely because it has become the cold, tough "realism" that modern society inculcates into its members and even admires.
Gruen warned, however, that escape from these patterns lies not simply in rebellion, for rebels often remain emotionally tied to the objects of their rebellion, but in the development of a personal autonomy and a relinquishing of all forms of self-numbing and self-deception. His elegant and far-reaching conclusion, elaborated in the books and essays listed below, is that while autonomy and authenticity are not easily attained, their absence proves catastrophic to both the individual and society as the embittered conformists seek new victims on whom to wreak violence and avenge their psychic wounds.
In 2001, Gruen was awarded the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis for his work, Der Fremde in uns.

## Works

* Autonomy and Identification: The Paradox of their Opposition, The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 49 1968 (4), p. 648; 1968
* The Betrayal of the Self (New York: Grove Press, 1988). ISBN 0-8021-1017-7
* The Insanity of Normality: Understanding Human Destructiveness (Berkeley: Human Development Books, 2007). ISBN 978-0-9669908-4-3
# Good Hope, New South Wales

Good Hope is a locality in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in the Yass Valley Shire. It lies south-west of Yass on the northern side of Lake Burrinjuck on the Murrumbidgee River and south of the Yass River. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 165.
# All Saints' Church, Mugginton

All Saints’ Church, Mugginton is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Weston Underwood, Derbyshire.

## History

The church dates from the 11th century. It comprises a west tower, nave with south aisle and porch and a chancel. Restoration was undertaken in 1894 when the arch between the belfry and the church was opened up.
It was repaired in 1925 when the tower and west end were grouted and pointed.

## Memorials

* Nicolas Kniveton (d. 1500)
* Joanna Knifeton (d. 1475)
* Samuel Webster (d. 1759)
* Samuel Pole (d. 1758)
* William Bateman (d. 1821)

## Organ

The pipe organ was built by Peter Conacher. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
# Havelland (district)

Havelland (German pronunciation:) is a district or county in Brandenburg, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Ostprignitz-Ruppin and Oberhavel, the city-state of Berlin, the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark, the city of Brandenburg and the state of Saxony-Anhalt (districts of Jerichower Land and Stendal).

## History

The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts of Nauen and Rathenow.

## Demography

* Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state)
* Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2014-2030 (red line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 68,310 | — |
| 1890 | 78,689 | +0.95% |
| 1910 | 93,714 | +0.88% |
| 1925 | 108,499 | +0.98% |
| 1933 | 119,395 | +1.20% |
| 1939 | 142,609 | +3.01% |
| 1946 | 170,907 | +2.62% |
| 1950 | 169,878 | −0.15% |
| 1964 | 148,834 | −0.94% |
| 1971 | 150,101 | +0.12% |
| 1981 | 141,667 | −0.58% |
| 1985 | 139,178 | −0.44% |
| 1989 | 135,420 | −0.68% |
| 1990 | 132,710 | −2.00% |
| 1991 | 130,190 | −1.90% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1992 | 129,551 | −0.49% |
| 1993 | 129,167 | −0.30% |
| 1994 | 129,908 | +0.57% |
| 1995 | 131,821 | +1.47% |
| 1996 | 134,325 | +1.90% |
| 1997 | 138,081 | +2.80% |
| 1998 | 142,151 | +2.95% |
| 1999 | 146,064 | +2.75% |
| 2000 | 149,285 | +2.21% |
| 2001 | 151,514 | +1.49% |
| 2002 | 152,667 | +0.76% |
| 2003 | 153,328 | +0.43% |
| 2004 | 154,044 | +0.47% |
| 2005 | 155,019 | +0.63% |
| 2006 | 155,408 | +0.25% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2007 | 155,359 | −0.03% |
| 2008 | 155,141 | −0.14% |
| 2009 | 154,984 | −0.10% |
| 2010 | 154,891 | −0.06% |
| 2011 | 152,915 | −1.28% |
| 2012 | 153,294 | +0.25% |
| 2013 | 153,874 | +0.38% |
| 2014 | 155,408 | +1.00% |
| 2015 | 158,236 | +1.82% |
| 2016 | 159,685 | +0.92% |
| 2017 | 160,710 | +0.64% |
| 2018 | 161,909 | +0.75% |
| 2019 | 162,996 | +0.67% |

## Geography

Geographically the Havelland refers to the land either side of the Havel river and the area surrounded by the large "U" bend in its course between the city of Berlin and its confluence with the Elbe river. The district mainly consists of the areas north of the Havel river.

## Coat of arms

The red eagle is the heraldic animal of Brandenburg. The head of the eagle is part of the coat of arms of Rathenow. The swan is often used as a symbol for the Havelland region.

## Towns and municipalities

| Amt-free towns | Ämter | |
| Falkensee Ketzin Nauen Premnitz Rathenow Amt-free municipalities Brieselang Dallgow-Döberitz Milower Land Schönwalde-Glien Wustermark | 1. Friesack Friesack$^{1,2}$ Mühlenberge Paulinenaue Pessin Retzow Wiesenaue 2. Nennhausen Kotzen Märkisch Luch Nennhausen$^1$ Stechow-Ferchesar | 3. Rhinow Gollenberg Großderschau Havelaue Kleßen-Görne Rhinow$^{1,2}$ Seeblick |
| $^1$seat of the Amt; $^2$town |||
# Hachemi Jegham

Hashemi Jegham (Arabic: الهاشمي جغام; born on 1 November 1937) in Sousse is a Tunisian lawyer and human rights activist.

## Biography

He finished his primary and secondary schools in Sousse. In 1957 and graduated from Sadiki College. Hashemi obtained a bachelor's degree in 1961 and further a law degree in Tunis and also in Paris. He finished the Graduate School of Public Law in 1974 and was called to the bar the same year.
Very active from an early age, he presided over the Jeunesse scolaire from 1955 to 1956 and seated as a member of the Administrative Commission of the Tunisian General Labour Union in 1955. He was also editor-in-chief of the newspaper L'Étudiant tunisien between 1957 and 1959.
During his years of studies in Paris, he founded in 1963, with Ahmed Smaoui, Mohamed Charfi Mohamed Mahfoud, Khemais Chammari, Hassen Ouardani, Abdelhamid Mezghenni and Noureddine Ben Kheder, Socialist Study and Action Group in Tunisia. This group publishes a journal titled Perspectives, then Perspectives tunisiennes.
With Noureddine Ben Kheder and Mahmoud Ben Romdhane, he was a founding member of the Arab Center for the independence of the judiciary (Cairo) in 1990 and vice-president of the Tunisian Center for the Independence of Justice and Lawyers. He has chaired the Higher Committee on Human Rights since 2011.

## Private life

Hachemi Jegham is married and has two children.