OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# H.O. Lange

Hans Osterfeld "H.O." Lange (13 October 1863 – 15 January 1943) was a Danish librarian and egyptologist. He was chief librarian at the Royal Danish Library.

## Biography

Lange was born in Aarhus to Hans and Catherine Lange. He expressed interest in hieroglyphics as a young man. He graduated from Aarhus Cathedral School in 1881 and studied at the University of Copenhagen graduating in 1882. In 1883, he was hired at the Copenhagen University Library and in 1885 he joined the Royal Danish Library. From 1899 to 1900 he was employed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He became Chief Librarian at the Royal Danish Library in 1901 and served in that role through 1924. He showed great interest in incunabula and increased the library's collection in that area during his tenure.
In 1918 he received an Honorary Doctorate from Lund University. In 1927 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1906 having become a knight in the Order of the Dannebrog. He also became a knight of the Order of Saint Olav. Since 2001, the Royal Library of Denmark has awarded an annual H.O. Lange Prize in his memory.

## Publications

* Danish Research Libraries Library Journal, v.29 (1904) p. 67-70
# 1887 in Belgium

The following lists events that happened during 1887 in the Kingdom of Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold II
* Prime Minister: Auguste Marie François Beernaert

## Events

* Progressive Party founded, led by Paul Janson
* 24 August – Soldiers fire upon Ostend trawlermen protesting the favouritism shown to British trawlermen
* 21 December – Achel Abbey buys the buildings of Rochefort Abbey to restore the monastery there

## Publications
### Periodicals

* Le Soir begins publication

### Books

* Alphonse Dubois, Faune des vertébrés de la Belgique: Série des oiseaux (Brussels, A la librairie C. Muquardt, Th. Falk Sr), vol. 1

## Art and architecture

* Brussels City Museum inaugurated

### Paintings

* James Ensor, Carnaval sur la plage
* Fernand Khnopff, Portrait of Marguerite Khnopff

### Buildings

* Franz Seulen, Schaarbeek railway station
* Work starts on Provinciaal Hof, Bruges

## Births

* 6 January – Berthe Bovy, actress (died 1977)
* 14 January – Félix Rousseau, historian (died 1981)
* 28 March – Pierre Nothomb, writer (died 1966)
* 23 April – Georges-Marie de Jonghe d'Ardoye, papal diplomat (died 1961)
* 8 June – Émile Dupont, Olympic marksman (died 1959)
* 25 October – Léon Darrien, gymnast (died 1973)
* 27 October – Philippe Le Hardy de Beaulieu, fencer (died 1942)
* 23 November – Paul de Maleingreau, composer (died 1956)

## Deaths

* 11 February – François Laurent (born 1810), historian
* 4 March – Peter Jan Beckx (born 1795), Jesuit
* 16 July – Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck (born 1809), palaeontologist
* 17 July – Nicaise De Keyser (born 1813), painter
* 20 November – Louis Gallait (born 1810), painter
* 29 December – Jules Van Praet (born 1806), diplomat
# 2012 Dhivehi League Round 1

In Round 1, all eight teams play against each other. A total of 28 matches will be played in this round.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | New Radiant SC | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 2 | +15 | 17 |
| 2 | Victory SC | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 10 | +9 | 16 |
| 3 | Club Eagles | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 11 | -1 | 11 |
| 4 | Maziya S&RC | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 9 | +2 | 10 |
| 5 | Club Valencia | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 14 | -8 | 7 |
| 6 | Vyansa | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 7 | -1 | 6 |
| 7 | VB Addu FC | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 14 | -3 | 6 |
| 8 | Club All Youth Linkage | 7 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 17 | -13 | 4 |

## Round 1 statistics
### Hat-tricks

| Player | For | Against | Result | Date |
| Ali Ashfaq | New Radiant SC | VB Addu FC | 0–4 | 18 April 2012 |
| Abu Desmond Mansaray$^4$ | VB Addu FC | Club Eagles | 6–3 | 18 May 2012 |
| Mohamed Umair$^4$ | Victory SC | Club Valencia | 5–1 | 19 May 2012 |
* $^4$ Player scored 4 goals

### Clean sheets

* Clean sheets by Club:
** New Radiant SC (5)
** Vyansa (3)
** Victory SC (2)
** Club Valencia (2)
** Club Eagles (2)
** VB Addu FC (1)
** Club All Youth Linkage (0)
* Clean sheets by goalkeepers:
** Imran Mohamed (New Radiant SC) (4)
** Alexander Osei Domfeh (Vyansa) (3)
** Lavent Vanli (Victory SC) (2)
** Ibrahim Ifrah Areef (Club Valencia) (2)
** Mohamed Yamaan (Club Eagles) (2)
** Abdulla Fayaz (New Radiant SC) (2)
** Mohamed Imran (Maziya S&RC) (1)
** Mohamed Shinan (VB Addu FC) (1)
** Athif Ahmed (Maziya S&RC) (0)
** Hussain Habeeb (VB Addu FC) (0)
** Ibrahim Siyad (Club All Youth Linkage) (0)
** Abdulla Ziyazan (VB Addu FC) (0)
# Barel

Barel is a census town in Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Barel had a population of 27,207 and a total area of 5 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi). Males and females constituted 54.83 per cent and 45.17 per cent respectively of the population. Literacy at that time was 73.86 per cent. People classified as Scheduled Castes under India's system of positive discrimination accounted for 13.34 per cent of the population.
# Habsberg

The Habsberg near Velburg in the county of Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate is a place of pilgrimage in the Oberpfalz Jura. On the mountain is the church of Our Lady of Health (Maria Heil der Kranken), a chapel of grace, and a diocesan youth house belonging to the Diocese of Eichstätt. The mountain is 621 metres high.

## History

In the Middle Ages there was a small castle on the Habsberg known as Habsberg Castle, of which a cistern has survived to the present day. The origin of the pilgrimage is associated with the construction of the first chapel around 1680. According to local accounts a man fell from the Helfenburg near Lengenfeld fell very ill with gout. As he prayed, he heard a voice that said to him that he should build a chapel on the Habsberg. So the estate was purchased and, in 1682, the chapel was completed.
The Habsberg became well known for being the site of several miraculous healings. As a result, in 1730 a larger chapel was built.
In 1760 the church of Our Lady of Health (Maria Heil der Kranken) was built in the rococo style. Today it is the pilgrimage church.
In 1961 a youth house was built which has been remodelled several times. Halfway up the mountain is a woodland cemetery.
# Berlangas de Roa

Berlangas de Roa is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 226 inhabitants.
# Bořetice (Pelhřimov District)

Bořetice is a municipality and village in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
Bořetice lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of Pelhřimov, 37 km (23 mi) west of Jihlava, and 83 km (52 mi) south-east of Prague.
# Garnick

Garnick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
# Barry Gibbs (cricket)

Barry Gibbs (11 March 1933 – 23 April 2006) was a South Australian cricket administrator.
Gibbs was the Chief Executive of the South Australian Cricket Association between 1988 and 1997. He was responsible for the opening of the Bradman Stand at Adelaide Oval. He died from cancer, aged 73.
# Bachelor's Thesis Award

The Bachelor's Thesis Award (also the Undergraduate Thesis Award, Undergraduate Dissertation Award, Undergraduate Thesis Prize, Bachelor's Dissertation Award, Bachelor's Degree Thesis Award or Outstanding Undergraduate Thesis Award), is an academic award granted annually by each university to the best dissertation, thesis or research work in Bachelor's Degree at university, for their excellence in research.

## The award

The Bachelor's Thesis Award aims to reward excellence in research and in the dissertation of the university student. It is awarded in any field of knowledge (science, technology, medicine, law, social sciences, ...).
The Bachelor's Thesis Award can be awarded by the university, by the faculty or by an academic entity outside the university (a foundation, a company, ...).
# Alice Henderson (novelist)

Alice Henderson is an American author currently residing in San Francisco.

## Selected works
### Buffyverse

Novels relating to the fictional universe established by Buffy and Angel:
* Night Terrors (2005)
* Portal Through Time (2006)

### Other works

* Unspeakable Limericks
* "Mansion of Ghoulish Delight," a story in Mystery Date (2008)
* Voracious (2009)
* "Mandible," a story in Werewolves and Other Shapeshifters (2010)
* "Residue," a story in Body Horror (2012)
* "The Wreck," a story in Creepy #6 (2013)
* Fresh Meat – a Supernatural novel (2013)
* Aquatic Bourne (2015)
* Skyfire Saga, a trilogy including the novels Shattered Roads (2018), Shattered Lands (2018), and Shattered Skies (2019)
* A Solitude of Wolverines, the first book in the Alex Carter thriller series (2020)
* A Blizzard of Polar Bears, the second book in the Alex Carter thriller series (2021)
* A Ghost of Caribou, the third book in the Alex Carter thriller series (2022)
# Besang Dugu

Besang Dugu is a town in the Gambia. It is located in Fulladu East District in the Upper River Division. As of 2009, it has an estimated population of 559.
# Bokovsky

Bokovsky (masculine), Bokovskaya (feminine), or Bokovskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Bokovsky District, a district of Rostov Oblast, Russia
* Bokovskaya, a rural locality (a stanitsa) in Rostov Oblast, Russia
# Berlanga de Duero

Berlanga de Duero is a municipality located in the province of Soria, in the autonomous region of Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2017 census (conducted by the INE), the municipality has a population of 902 inhabitants.

## Geography

Berlanga de Duero sits at 934 metres (3,064 ft) above sea level in the northeastern foothills of the Ayllón mountain range. It has a continental Mediterranean climate, with long, cool winters—due in part to its altitude. The town is bisected by the Douro river, from which it derives part of its name, as well as the Douro's tributaries, the Escalote and Talegones.

### Climate

vteClimate data for Berlanga de Duero, 1961-2003 :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.3 (43.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 24 (75) | 28.1 (82.6) | 27.6 (81.7) | 23.5 (74.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.8 (51.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | 16.4 (61.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 3.4 (38.1) | 6.3 (43.3) | 8.8 (47.8) | 12.3 (54.1) | 16.8 (62.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.5 (61.7) | 10.7 (51.3) | 6 (43) | 3.3 (37.9) | 10.5 (50.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | −1.4 (29.5) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.8 (37.0) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.1 (53.8) | 9.5 (49.1) | 5 (41) | 1.2 (34.2) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.6 (40.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37 (1.5) | 38 (1.5) | 40 (1.6) | 43 (1.7) | 58 (2.3) | 46 (1.8) | 23 (0.9) | 22 (0.9) | 40 (1.6) | 44 (1.7) | 46 (1.8) | 47 (1.9) | 484 (19.1) |
| Source: Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Datos de precipitación para el periodo 1961-2003 y de temperatura para el periodo 1961-2003 en Berlanga de Duero (6558). ||||||||||||||

## Gallery

* Fountain in Berlanga with Berlanga Castle in the background
* Renaissance-style Palace of Brías, Berlanga de Duero.
* Castle of Berlanga de Duero
# Hilarius Gilges

Hilarius Gilges (28 April 1909 – 20 June 1933) was a German actor, dancer and communist political activist. He was murdered at the age of 24 by the Nazi party.

## Life

Hilarius Gilges was one of the few black Germans born in the country before the First World War. His mother Maria Stüttgen was a textile worker in Düsseldorf; the origin of his biological father is not known for certain. Maria married Franz Peter Gilges in 1915, giving the boy the family name Gilges.
Gilges grew up in the working class milieu of Düsseldorf and joined German Communist Youth in about 1925 or 1926. He became an amateur actor with the communist agitprop theatre group "Nordwest ran" directed by Wolfgang Langhoff. His radical politics led in 1931 to his arrest and sentencing to one year in prison. After his release in 1932 he continued as an active communist agitator.
Gilges married Katharina Hubertine Laatsch (born Vogels) and fathered two children.

## Death

In early 1933, after the Nazis seized power, he attempted to go into hiding, but his visibility due to his skin color made this difficult. In June 1933, he was arrested in his apartment in the city's Altstadt district (Old Town) district of Düsseldorf. His body was found under a bridge the next day. The perpetrators are believed to have been six members of the Gestapo and SS, but even after the end of Nazi rule, were not tried in court.
His widow and two children survived the Nazi period, probably because they were helped by neighbors in the Altstadt. In 1949 they were given a lump sum compensation of 12,000 Deutschmark as restitution.

## Commemorations

On 23 December 2003 the city of Düsseldorf named a plaza after Hilarius Gilges, in the vicinity of the Düsseldorf Academy of Arts. In 1988 a plaque had been already placed at the approximate site of the murder. The plaque was commissioned by the Düsseldorf city museum and designed by the local artist Hannelore Köhler. It shows a relief profile of Gilges.
# Aricia (butterfly)

Aricia is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The genus was erected by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1817.

## Species

Listed alphabetically within groups:
* agestis group:
** Aricia agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) – brown argus
** Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793) – northern brown argus
** Aricia cramera (Eschscholtz, 1821) – southern brown argus
** Aricia montensis Verity, 1928
* anteros group:
** Aricia anteros (Freyer, 1838) – blue argus
** Aricia bassoni Larsen, 1974
** Aricia crassipuncta (Christoph, 1893)
** Aricia morronensis (Ribbe, 1910) – Spanish argus
** Aricia vandarbani (Pfeiffer, 1937)
* chinensis group:
** Aricia chinensis (Murray, 1874)
* nicias group:
** Aricia dorsumstellae (Graves, 1923)
** Aricia hyacinthus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1847])
** Aricia isaurica (Staudinger, 1871)
** Aricia nicias (Meigen, 1829) – silvery argus
** Aricia teberdina (Sheljuzhko, 1934)
** Aricia torulensis Hesselbarth & Siepe, 1993
# Harold Brown (film preservationist)

Harold Godart Brown (15 August 1919 – 14 November 2008) was the first head of film preservation at the British Film Institute's archive. He was appointed by the archive's founding curator, Ernest Lindgren, upon its creation in 1935, and remained in the post until his retirement in 1984.

## Biography

Born in Walthamstow, the son of a maker of nautical instruments, Brown joined the British Film Institute (BFI) as an office assistant aged 15 in 1935, two years after it was established. Formally appointed as the BFI's first film preservation officer in 1951, he was a largely self-taught archivist.
In his role at the BFI, Brown made a major contribution to the science of film preservation. He was possibly the first archivist to research systematically the decomposition process of nitrate film, and consequently to show that it can be inhibited by storage in a cool and dry atmosphere. Brown is credited with having invented the term vinegar syndrome to describe the deacetylation of cellulose acetate film (safety film). He designed and built specialist step-printers to enable the preservation copying of shrunken and otherwise damaged originals. He was an active member of FIAF's Technical Commission, in which capacity he wrote and contributed to technical manuals that film archivists still consider standard reference works. Retiring in 1984, he was the longest serving employee of the BFI.
In retirement, Brown was a prominent volunteer with the Projected Picture Trust, restoring and operating historical projectors at a museum in Bletchley Park.
# Barry Gifford

Barry Gifford (born October 18, 1946) is an American author, poet, and screenwriter known for his distinctive mix of American landscapes and prose influenced by film noir and Beat Generation writers.
Gifford writes nonfiction, poetry, and is best known for his series of novels about Sailor and Lula, two star-crossed protagonists on a perpetual road trip. Published in seven novels between 1990 and 2015, the Sailor and Lula series has been described by Professor Andrei Codrescu as written in "a great comic realist" style that explores "an unmistakably American universe [...] populated by a huge and lovable humanity propelled on a tragic river of excess energy." The first book of the series, Wild at Heart, was adapted by director David Lynch for the 1990 film of the same title. Gifford went on to write the original screenplay for Lost Highway (1997) with Lynch. Perdita Durango, the third book in the Sailor and Lula series, was adapted into a 1997 film by Alex de la Iglesia with a script co-written by Gifford. His most recent book, Black Sun Rising / La Corazonado, published by Seven Stories Press in 2020, is a Western noir novella that traces the struggle of the first integrated Native American tribe to establish itself in North America.

## Life and career

Gifford was born in a Chicago hotel room in 1946. His father was Jewish and his mother of Irish Catholic background. Gifford's father was in organized crime, and he spent his childhood largely in Chicago and New Orleans living in hotels. His childhood, as recounted in his long-running series of autobiographical tales known collectively as the Roy stories, is explored in the 2020 documentary Roy's World: Barry Gifford's Chicago. After college he joined the Air Force Reserves. After a short stint pursuing a possible career in baseball, Gifford focused on writing, both as a journalist and a poet. He lives in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Gifford's fourth novel, Wild at Heart: The Story of Sailor and Lula, caught the eye of director David Lynch, who adapted it into the screenplay and movie Wild at Heart. The movie won the Palme d'Or, the highest honor, at the Cannes Film Festival in 1990. The film's success boosted interest in Gifford's novels.
# Bachelor's degree in law (Spain)

The Spanish Bachelor's Degree in Law is the university academic degree conferred on those who have successfully completed a legal study process at a university. It is not the same as the Bachelor of Laws.
Spain offers types of bachelor's degree in law. One applies the Bologna Process and required 5 years of study with specialization and without legal internship. The later degree consumes 4 years, with internship and to specialize it is necessary to study a master's degree.

## Before Bologna

The bachelor's degree in Law for the Bologna Process was called Licenciatura en Derecho, it was an academic licentiate degree, a degree below that of a PhD. It was equivalent to a Master's degree in the anglophone system.
A Licenciatura typically required from 4 to 6 years of university courses, and had a typical credit workload of 300 to 400 credits. It required 5 years of university courses, and was established in 1953.
With the Bologna Process this licentiate degree was phased out at Spanish universities and was replaced by the system of the Grado (Bachelor's Degree, same name) and Master.
Prior to the Bologna Process, the master's degree was not considered an official academic degree in Spain, as the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies could only be done directly from a Licenciatura to doctoral studies.

## After Bologna

The Bologna Process established the system of the Grado and Master, earning the same academic level as the licentiate degree, but in two different degrees. The bachelor's degree in Law is called Grado en Derecho and requires 4 years of university courses.
This degree includes an optional legal internship (each university chooses in its degree planning), which is usually 6 ECTS credits.

### Degree planning and Study Plan

The degree planning of the bachelor's degree in Law includes (in the Autonomous University of Barcelona for example):

#### 1st course

* Law Theory
* History of Law and Institutions
* Roman Law
* Introduction to Economics
* Civil Law I
* Constitutional Organisation of the State
* Constitutional Law I
* Criminal Law I
* Criminal Law II

##### 2nd course

* Civil Law II
* Civil Law III
* Criminal Law III
* Administrative Law I
* Administrative Law II
* European Union Law
* Public International Law
* Commercial Law I
* Constitutional Law II

#### 3rd course

* Commercial Law II
* Civil Law IV
* Finance Law and Tax Law I
* Finance Law and Tax Law II
* Procedural Law I
* Procedural Law II
* Employment and Social Security Law I
* Employment and Social Security Law II
* Administrative Law III

#### 4th course

* Private International Law
* International Protection of Human Rights
* Legal Internship
* Bachelor's Degree Final Project
# Alice Head

Alice Maud Head (3 May 1886 – 25 July 1981) was an English journalist and businesswoman. She was said to be the highest paid woman when she was editing Good Housekeeping and being William Randolph Hearst's European head.

## Life

Head was born to very strict parents in Notting Hill in 1886. She was educated at North London Collegiate School for Girls and her mother took her to get a job as a typist on the magazine Country Life. Employed to type, she was allowed to write short articles which fell in with her ambition to be a journalist. By the age of 22 George Riddell made her the editor of Woman at Home. In 1917 she was offered a salary of ten pounds a week to become the editor of Nash's Magazine for William Randolph Hearst organisation.
Head was chosen to create a version of the American Good Housekeeping magazine for the British market. Head created a number of dummy issues before she felt it was ready. In 1923 she became the assistant editor of the magazine.
Head was thrust into notability when William Randolph Hearst decided to promote Head to be the managing director of Good Housekeeping. He had never met her. She was allegedly the highest paid woman in Europe. She would deputise for Hearst making decisions on his behalf about not just editing but also buying for him St Donat's Castle, expensive art objects and three giraffes for his zoo. Head remained in charge until 1939. In 1939 she wrote her autobiography It Could Never Have Happened.
By 1941 the Hearst empire had peaked and took a new job editing Homes and Gardens. The following year she was a director of Country Life magazine. These jobs took her to her retirement in 1949. Head died at her flat in Kensington in 1981.
# Besana railway station

Besana railway station is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Monza–Molteno railway, it serves the municipality of Besana Brianza in Lombardy as its main station. The train services are operated by Trenord.

## Train services

The station is served by the following service:
* Milan Metropolitan services (S7) Milan - Molteno - Lecco
| Preceding station | Milan suburban railway service | Milan suburban railway service | Milan suburban railway service | Following station |
| Renate-Veduggiotowards Lecco | | Trenord S7 | | Villa Raveriotowards Milano Porta Garibaldi |