OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adoum

Adoum is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Jorge Enrique Adoum (1926–2009), Ecuadorian writer
* Mahamat Ali Adoum (born 1947), Chadian politician
* Adoum Younousmi (born 1962), Chadian politician
* Abakar Adoum (born 1984), Chadian football player
# Bayas (Castrillón)

Bayas is one of eight parishes (administrative divisions) in Castrillón, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

## Population

It has a population of 96 inhabitants (INE 2011) in 63 households.

## Location

Bayas occupies an area of 6.25 km ². It is located in the northwest of the council, 8 km from the capital, Piedrasblancas. It is bordered on the north by the Cantabrian Sea, on the east by the parish of Naveces, on the south by Santiagu'l Monte, and on the west by the municipality of Sotu'l Barcu.
Within the parish, there is the natural monument of the island of La Deva and the Bayas beach area.

## Populations

According to the 2009 list, the parish is formed by the following populations:
* Bayas (village) 43.576171°, - 6.024933°: 43 inhabitants.
* Infiesta (locale) 43.569402° - 6.020905°: 34 inhabitants.
* El Camín de Muniellas (locale): 0 inhabitants.
* Navalón (locale) 43.572503° - 6.030425°: 32 inhabitants.
* El Pinu (locale): 0 inhabitants.
* L'Arandona (locale): 0 inhabitants.
* La Roza (locale): 14 inhabitants.
* El Camín de Sablón (locale): 0 inhabitants.
Meanwhile, the village of Bayas is divided into the following districts:
* El Cuetu 43.577747° - 6.020833°: 29 inhabitants.
* La Pedrera: 2 inhabitants.
* El Padrón: 12 inhabitants.
# 1937–38 Cypriot First Division

The 1937–38 Cypriot First Division was the 4th season of the Cypriot top-level football league.

## Overview

It was contested by 5 teams, and APOEL F.C. won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | APOEL F.C. (C) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 11 | +18 | 11 |
| 2 | Trust | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 5 |
| 3 | Lefkoşa Türk Spor Kulübü | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 10 | −2 | 5 |
| 4 | AEL Limassol | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 14 | +1 | 3 |
| 5 | Aris Limassol F.C. | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 25 | −20 | 0 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | AEL | APL | ARS | TRS | LTS |
| AEL | | 1–3 | 6–0 | – | 1–1 |
| APOEL | 6–5 | | 6–1 | – | 6–0 |
| Aris | – | 2–4 | | – | – |
| Trust | – | 2–2 | 4–2 | | 0–0 |
| LTSK | 4–2 | – | 4–0 | – | |
# Bhorle

Bhorle may refer to:
* Bhorle, Bagmati, Nepal
* Bhorle, Dhawalagiri, Nepal
# Govindas Ramdas

The Govindas Ramdas was a Koli Bhagat who led Koli rebels against the British East India Company between 1826–1830. His followers thought that he had supernatural powers. Little is known of him but on the night of 17 March 1826, he led 500 armed followers into Thasra, near Dakor, and established himself as ruler.
# Bledlow Bridge Halt railway station

Bledlow Bridge Halt railway station was a halt on the Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway which the Great Western Railway opened in 1906 to serve the Buckinghamshire village of Bledlow. The opening of the halt was part of a GWR attempt to encourage more passengers on the line at a time when competition from bus services was drawing away patronage.

## History

The halt was one of three that the GWR opened on the line in September 1906 to try to encourage passenger traffic in the face of increased competition from buses. It was situated to the north of Bledlow, on the northern side of Perry Lane adjacent to the railway overbridge which carried the Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway over the road. A flight of steps led up from the road to the station which had very basic facilities: a single low platform, no more than one coach-length long, a running in board and a small wooden passenger waiting shelter. The 7 square yards (5.9 m$^2$) needed for the waiting shelter were acquired by the railway company from Lord Carrington in 1909.
Responsibility for the halt was given to the stationmaster of the nearby Bledlow station on the Wycombe Railway. Staff from this station were sent to refill the three paraffin lamps on the halt, as well as the down distant signal for Wainhill Crossing Halt. In winter a member of staff lit the lamps in the afternoon and the guard on the last train extinguished them. By the 1940s only a handful of people were reported to be using the halt which was convenient for a nearby children's home. In the long term the GWR's halt strategy did little to dissuade people from more convenient bus services. In 1957 British Railways closed the halt and withdrew passenger services from the line.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Princes Risborough Line and station open | | Great Western Railway Watlington and Princes Risborough Railway | | Wainhill Crossing Halt Line open, station closed |

## Present day

Bledlow Bridge Halt has been rebuilt by the Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway which has reopened the line through the station. The halt is not however open to passengers use. The halt building was demolished when the line closed but the steps that lead up to the halt, although damaged and overgrown, are visible. Until 1957 when the line operated steps from the carriage were used to allow passengers to gain access so, although the platform remains, it is not used by the CPRR because of its height.
# Fourth File Rook

In shogi, Fourth File Rook (四間飛車 shikenbisha) is a class of Ranging Rook openings in which the rook is initially positioned on the fourth file if played by White or the sixth file if played by Black.

## History

The earliest recorded shogi game was a Static Rook vs. Fourth File Rook game from 1607. Black was Sōkei Ōhashi I who played a Right Fourth File Rook position (Static Rook) against Sansa Hon'inbō's Fourth File Rook. Ōhashi won the game.

## Fourth File Rook vs Static Rook
### Normal Fourth File Rook

The opening starts by the usual 4-move sequence that characterizes Static Rook vs Ranging Rook games as shown in the first adjacent board position. (See: Normal Ranging Rook.)

#### Fujii System

The Fujii System is a set of Fourth File Rook strategies used against various Static Rook strategies (mainly Left Mino and Bear-in-the-hole Static Rook).

#### Tateishi Fourth File Rook

A Fourth File Rook opening created by amateur player Katsuki Tateishi, which awarded him the prestigious Kōzō Masuda Award in 2004.

#### King's Head Silver

King's Head Silver (玉頭銀) is a Fourth File Rook opening characterized by the left silver moving to 56, 45, and then to 34. There are versions for both quick fights and slow games.

#### vs King's Head Vanguard Pawn

Fourth File Rook against Black's King's Head Vanguard Pawn (玉頭位取り gyokutou kuraidori).

#### vs Iijima Bishop Pullback
### Bishop-Exchange Fourth File Rook

The Bishop-Exchange Fourth File is a Fourth File Rook opening in which the player's bishop diagonal remains open allowing for a bishop exchange to occur early in the opening.

#### Leghorn Special

The Leghorn Special (白色レグホン・スペシャル hakushoku reguhon supesharu or, most commonly, the abbreviation レグスペ regusupe) is an opening in which you build up a Bear-in-the-hole castle while you're simultaneously defending against an opponent's Bear-in-the-hole. It is a Bear-in-the-hole Bishop Exchange Fourth File Rook variation and is also famous as an opening to discourage Black from building of a Bear-in-the-hole. The name is said to have originated in the resemblance of this opening to the behavior of a white leghorn chicken that keeps attacking when surrounded by Bear-in-the-hole.
The leghorn special consists mainly in castling the king in Bear-in-the-hole once the bishops have been exchanged in Fourth File Rook. It requires that the opponent is playing Static Rook, and that you're playing White. Following Black's K-68, White would go for the bishop exchange (Bx88), which leads to Black's Sx88, hence reducing the escape routes of Black's king and interfering with Black's castle formation. So, the Leghorn Special prevents (or at least slows down) Black's Bear-in-the-hole, while White can devote to building its own Bear-in-the-hole without problem.

## Fourth File Rook in Double Ranging Rook

Fourth File Rook positions are not often used in Double Ranging Rook games in professional play. When they are used, the positions often transition to Opposing Rook positions.
# Govurqala, Oguz

Govurqala is a name shared by four archaeological sites in Azerbaijan, located in Oguz.
This Govurqala lies to the north from Khachmaz village and is a medieval walled stand with round and square towers (3–6 m in height, 1–1.5 m wide). Twelve buildings are within the stand; out of walls there are two moats (15 m long, 8 m wide, 10 m deep, another is 100/30/20 m). During the 1965 excavations, some other evidences were found.
# Barlow Moor

Barlow Moor is an area of Manchester, England. It was originally an area of moorland between Didsbury and Chorlton-cum-Hardy and was named after the Barlow family of Barlow Hall. Barlow Moor Road runs through the area and connects to Wilmslow Road at the southern end and Manchester Road at the northern end. Southern Cemetery and Chorlton Park are landmarks on the route. Immediately adjacent to the northwest corner of the cemetery, also on Barlow Moor Road, is the Manchester Crematorium which opened in 1892, the second in the United Kingdom. The architects were Steinthal and Solomons who chose to revive the Lombard-Romanesque style. Another notable building is the Chorlton Park Apartments, 2002.
During the English Civil War, Prince Rupert camped on Barlow Moor, halfway between two strategic crossing points of the River Mersey. Prince Charles Edward Stuart, 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', camped here on his way to, and retreat from, Derby in the Rebellion of 1745.
The area has been largely in Chorlton Park ward of the City of Manchester since 1998; previously there was a Barlow Moor ward. John Leech former MP for Manchester Withington has been a City councillor for both these wards; he was succeeded as councillor for Chorlton Park by Bernie Ryan.
The Roman Catholic church of St Ambrose, Princess Road, was built in 1958 to the designs of architects Reynolds & Stone. The dedication to St Ambrose of Milan was chosen because St Ambrose Barlow's birthplace was in the parish. The church of St Barnabas (opened 1951) in Hurstville Road is an Anglican chapel-of-ease dependent on St Clement's Church and serves the Barlow Moor estate and south Chorlton.
# Georg Heuberger

Georg Heuberger (1946 – 7 November 2010) was founding director of the Jewish Museum Frankfurt and representative of the Claims Conference.

## Biography

He was born in Budapest, Hungary. Both his parents, Dolek and Franziska, escaped from the Bochnia ghetto in 1943 and fled to Budapest, Hungary via Slovakia, where they survived The Holocaust. After the Holocaust, the family came to Frankfurt via Prague in 1948. In his early years, Heuberger studied Jewish history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. From 1982 to 1985 he was the rector's assistant at the department of Jewish Studies at the University of Heidelberg. In 1988 he became the founding director of the Jewish Museum Frankfurt and, until his retirement in January 2006, he took over the editing of the exhibition catalogs. As a museum director, he was also the managing director of the Commission for Research into the History of Frankfurt's Jews. Nearing the end of his life, Heuberger became a representative of the Claims Conference, and played an active role in the restitution of art and cultural goods that were stolen from the Jewish community of Budapest. In 2006, Heuberger was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.
# Epicrea

Epicrea is a genus of fungi within the Clavicipitaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Epicrea insignis.
# Govindbhai Patel

Govindbhai Patel was Gujarati filmmaker known for his superhits Dhola Maru and Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya.

## Early life

Govindbhai Patel was born on 11 January 1943. He hailed from Keshod, Gujarat. He administered cinema hall before entering in filmmaking. Around 1980, he started producing Gujarati films under GN Films banner. Dhola Maru (1983) was his first superhit film. He later produced several successful films including Jode Rehjo Raj, Saibo Sava Lakhno, Sejal Sarju, Hiran Ne Kanthe, Patan thi Pakistan, Taro Malak Mare Jovo Chhe, Gamma Piyariyu ne Gamma Sasariyu, Dholi Taro Dhol Vage (2005). His Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya (1998) was commercially superhit and earned more than ₹ 10 crore.
He died on 15 April 2015 at Vadodara. He was cremated at Khaswadi crematorium.

## Personal life

Goavindbhai Patel was married to Chandrikaben and had three sons and a daughter.

## Filmography

* Dhola Maru
* Hiran Ne Kanthe
* Sajan Tara Sambharna
* Moti Verana Chokma
* Jode Rahejo Raj
* Ladi Lakhani Saybo Sawa Lakhno
* Laju Lakhan
* Tahuke Sajan Sambhare
* Raj Rajwan
* Hu Tari Mira Ne Tu Maro Shyam
* Tara Rudiya Ni Rani Bol Bandhani
* Unchi Medi Na Uncha Mol
* Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya (1998)
* Sejal Sarju
* Amdavad Palanpur Vaya Kadi Kalol
* Gamma Piyariyu Gamma Sasariyu
* Taro Malak Mare Jovo Che
* Maihar No Mandavo Preetno Panetar
* Moghera Mulni Chundadi Ho Sahiba
* Dholi Taro Dhol Vaage (2005)
* Patan thi Pakistan
# Bibei

Bibei (simplified Chinese: 必背镇; traditional Chinese: 必背鎮; pinyin: Bìbèi Zhèn) is a town in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong, China. As of the 2017 census it had a population of 7,737 and an area of 146.77-square-kilometre (56.67 sq mi).

## Administrative division

As of 2016, the town is divided into one community and seven villages:
* Bibeikou Community (必背口社区)
* Bibei (必背村)
* Guikeng (桂坑村)
* Gongkeng (公坑村)
* Wangcha (王茶村)
* Bankeng (半坑村)
* Hengxi (横溪村)
* Fangdong (方洞村)

## History

It was formed as a township in 1957. In 1986, it was upgraded to a town. In 2005, the village of Fangdong (方洞村) came under the jurisdiction of the town.

## Geography

The town sits at the northern Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County. The town shares a border with Daqiao Town to the west, Guitou Town to the east, Lechang to the north, and the towns of Dongping and Youxi to the south.
The Hengxi Reservoir (横溪水库) is located in the town.
The Yangxi River (杨溪河) flows west to east through the town.

## Economy

The economy of the province is largest based on agriculture and local industry.

## Demographics

As of 2017, the National Bureau of Statistics of China estimates the township's population now to be 7,737.

## Transportation

The County Road X325 winds through the town.
# Frances Sidney

Frances Sidney may refer to:
* Frances Sidney, Countess of Sussex (1531–1589)
* Frances Walsingham, married name Frances Sidney (1561–1631)
# 2013 Vegalta Sendai season

The 2013 Vegalta Sendai season was Vegalta Sendai's fourth consecutive season and sixth season overall in J.League Division 1. As a result of their runner-up finish in the 2012 season, the team competed in the 2013 AFC Champions League. Sendai also competed in the 2013 Emperor's Cup and 2013 J.League Cup. It was manager Makoto Teguramori's last season with the club, having accepted a position as head coach of the Japan U-23 team. In mid-season Vegalta Sendai revealed that the A-League's Graham Arnold would manage the team beginning in 2014 season.

## Players

As of 5 March 2013
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | JPN | Shigeru Sakurai |
| 2 | DF | JPN | Jiro Kamata |
| 3 | DF | JPN | Kodai Watanabe |
| 4 | DF | JPN | Toshio Shimakawa |
| 5 | DF | JPN | Naoki Ishikawa |
| 6 | DF | JPN | Makoto Kakuda |
| 7 | MF | JPN | Hiroaki Okuno |
| 8 | MF | JPN | Toshihiro Matsushita |
| 9 | FW | JPN | Takayuki Nakahara |
| 10 | MF | PRK | Ryang Yong-Gi |
| 11 | MF | JPN | Yoshiaki Ota |
| 13 | FW | JPN | Atsushi Yanagisawa |
| 14 | MF | JPN | Hayato Sasaki |
| 15 | MF | BRA | Heberty |
| 16 | GK | JPN | Takuto Hayashi |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 17 | MF | JPN | Shingo Tomita |
| 18 | FW | BRA | Wilson |
| 19 | FW | JPN | Yuki Muto |
| 20 | DF | JPN | Takuya Wada |
| 21 | GK | JPN | Yosuke Abe |
| 22 | GK | JPN | Kei Ishikawa |
| 23 | MF | JPN | Naoya Tamura |
| 24 | FW | JPN | Shingo Akamine |
| 25 | MF | JPN | Naoki Sugai |
| 26 | MF | JPN | Keita Fujimura |
| 27 | MF | BRA | Diogo |
| 28 | DF | JPN | Koji Hachisuka |
| 29 | DF | JPN | Taikai Uemoto |
| 30 | MF | JPN | Yuta Echigo |

### Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | JPN | Kentaro Seki (to Yokohama FC) |
| — | MF | JPN | Yoshiki Takahashi (to Sagan Tosu) |
| — | FW | JPN | Yuki Nakashima (to Montedio Yamagata) |

### 2013 Season Transfers
## Competitions
### J.League
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 11 | Nagoya Grampus | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 47 | 48 | −1 | 47 |
| 12 | Sagan Tosu | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 54 | 63 | −9 | 46 |
| 13 | Vegalta Sendai | 34 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 41 | 38 | +3 | 45 |
| 14 | Omiya Ardija | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 45 | 48 | −3 | 45 |
| 15 | Ventforet Kofu | 34 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 30 | 41 | −11 | 37 |

#### Matches
### AFC Champions League
#### Group stage

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | FC Seoul | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 5 | +6 | 11 | Advance to knockout stage |
| 2 | Buriram United | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 7 | Advance to knockout stage |
| 3 | Jiangsu Sainty | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 10 | −5 | 7 | |
| 4 | Vegalta Sendai | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | −1 | 6 | |
# Government Gazette (Lagos)

The Government Gazette was the government gazette for the British colony of Lagos. It was published between 1887 and April 1906.
It was continued by the Government Gazette of the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria after Lagos was incorporated into the already existing Southern Nigeria Protectorate in February 1906.
# Barizey

Barizey (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# 1939 Furman Purple Hurricane football team

The 1939 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1939 college football season. In their eighth year under head coach Dizzy McLeod, the Purple Hurricane compiled an overall record of 5–4 with a conference mark of 3–3, and finished seventh in the SoCon.
Furman was ranked at No. 89 (out of 609 teams) in the final Litkenhous Ratings for 1939.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 22 | Erskine* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 38–7 | 7,500 |
| September 30 | at Army* | Michie StadiumWest Point, NY | L 7–16 | 7,000 |
| October 6 | Georgia* | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | W 20–0 | 12,000 |
| October 14 | at The Citadel | Johnson Hagood StadiumCharleston, SC (rivalry) | W 7–0 | |
| October 28 | at Davidson | Richardson FieldDavidson, NC | W 15–0 | |
| November 4 | at VPI | Miles StadiumBlacksburg, VA | L 7–20 | 2,500 |
| November 11 | at South Carolina | Carolina Municipal StadiumColumbia, SC | W 20–0 | 8,000 |
| November 18 | NC State | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 7–12 | 7,500 |
| November 25 | No. 15 Clemson | Sirrine StadiumGreenville, SC | L 3–14 | 16,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||
# Eparchy of Kyiv

The term Eparchy of Kyiv may refer to:
* Eparchy of Kyiv (Orthodox Church of Ukraine), central (primatial) eparchy of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine
* Eparchy of Kyiv (Moscow Patriarchate), central (primatial) eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) under the supreme ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church
* Eparchy of Kyiv (Kyiv Patriarchate), central (primatial) eparchy of the former Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kyiv Patriarchate)
* Eparchy of Kyiv (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church), central eparchy of the former Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
* Eparchy of Kyiv (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical), central eparchy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church Canonical
* Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Kyiv, central eparchy of the Ukrainian Byzantine Catholic Church
# Gunther's lizard fish

The Gunther's lizardfish (Synodus kaianus) is a species of lizardfish that seems to live mainly in the Pacific Ocean this fish species is extremely rare and so far only one specimen has been found in Hawaii.
# 1992 Moldovan Cup

The 1992 Moldovan Cup was the first season of the Moldovan annual football cup competition. The competition ended with the final held on 9 May 1992.

## Round of 16

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Moldova | 1–5 | Bugeac | 1–4 | 0–1 |
| Constructorul | 2–5 | Universul | 2–1 | 0–4 |
| Zimbru | 7–1 | Automobilist | 4–1 | 3–0 |
| Nistru Cioburciu | 5–1 | Motor | 3–0 | 2–1 |
| Speranța | 2–3 | Nistru Otaci | 1–0 | 1–3 |
| Amocom | 0–5 | Tiligul | 0–0 | 0–5 |
| Codru | 3–5 | Tricon | 2–2 | 1–3 |
| Dinamo-Codru | 0–4 | Tighina | 0–4 | 0–0 |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Bugeac | 1–1 (a) | Zimbru | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Nistru Otaci | 4–4 (a) | Tricon | 3–2 | 1–2 |
| Universul | 3–3 (a) | Nistru Cioburciu | 3–1 | 0–2 |
| Tiligul | 5–0 | Tighina | 3–0 | 2–0 |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Bugeac | 3–3 (p) | Tricon | 2–1 | 1–2 |
| Nistru Cioburciu | 1–4 | Tiligul | 0–0 | 1–4 |
# Barizo

Barizo is a fishing town in the northern part of Spain, specifically along the Costa da Morte in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous region of Galicia.

## Economy

Barizo's economy depends mostly on fishing. Conveniently located along the Costa da Morte, Barizo is also dubbed as a resort town. Accommodations in this town are mostly consisted of small hotels offering cheap rates. Barizo is also known as an estuarine site.

## Prestige Oil Spill

Barizo is one of the towns affected by the Prestige oil spill which happened off the Galician coast. Barizo was the most affected town according to a research study done after the Prestige oil spill. The Barizo beach suffered a high amount of Petroleum Hydrocarbon. The fishing industry also suffered a lot.

## Other necessary information

Galician language is widely spoken in the town.
# Frailea curvispina

Frailea curvispina is a species of Frailea from Brazil.
# Blackout date

Blackout dates are dates when travel rewards and other special discounts/promotions are not available. These dates typically fall on or around major holidays or other peak travel seasons. Time off requests from work may not be available during those times as well.

## About

Awards are given by airlines to attract potential fliers away from other carriers and keep them loyal by promising lower fare on future flights. Awards are tailored to create higher incentive to travel on days other than the blackout dates. On blackout dates, more travelers fly by necessity. Hence, a carrier can charge a higher price and yet fill its capacity, as the competition is also being fully booked on the blackout dates. A carrier can maximize profits by providing incentives to loyal but flexible travelers to plan and move their travel dates to lower traffic days, thereby allowing other fliers at premium priced tickets on the blackout dates. The other days are often graded so that the awards afford more on less preferred days.