OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eduard Reuss

Eduard Reuss (16 September 1851 - 18 February 1911) was a German composer, pianist, music educator, and writer on music. He is best known for his writings on composer Franz Liszt, including a highly thought of biography Ein Lebensbild (1898). He also authored the book Liszts Lieder (1906) and penned several essays on the life and works of Liszt. As a composer, he mainly produced works for solo piano and also made arrangements of several works by Liszt.

## Life and career

Born in New York City to German immigrants to the United States, Reuss lived most of his life in Germany. He began his musical training at the age of 11 in Göttingen where he was a pupil of composer and music critic Eduard Krüger (1807–1885) from 1862 to 1869. He then became a disciple of Franz Liszt, studying with the great composer from 1870 to 1879. He was also a student of Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard in Paris in 1876–1877.
In 1880, Reuss joined the teaching staff at the Karlsruhe Conservatory where he remained until 1896 when he joined the faculty of the Wiesbaden Conservatory. He was appointed director of that institution in 1899 where he remained until 1902. He then traveled to the United States with his wife, the dramatic soprano Luise Reuss-Belce, whom he had married earlier in 1885. The couple toured together through the US with Eduard accompanying his wife on the piano in a series of concerts in 1902–1903.

## Sources

* Theodore Baker (1919). "Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians". G. Schirmer Inc.: 758. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
# Edward Aglionby

Edward Aglionby may refer to:
* Edward Aglionby (died c. 1591) (1520–c. 1591), MP for Carlisle, and for Warwick, and poet
* Edward Aglionby (died 1553), MP for Carlisle
* Edward Aglionby (died 1599), MP for Carlisle
* Edward Aglionby (1587–1648), MP for Carlisle (UK Parliament constituency)
# Edward Malone

Edward Malone is the name of:
* Eddie Malone (baseball) (1920–2006), American professional baseball player
* Edward Cyril Malone (born 1937), Saskatchewan lawyer and politician
* Eddie Malone (born 1985), Scottish footballer
* Edward Malone, the protagonist of the 1912 Arthur Conan Doyle novel The Lost World and its sequels
# 12 Hours of Brno

In October 1950 a 12-hour race combined for SportsCars and Saloon Cars was held at the Brno circuit.
The race organizers created an interesting and unique mathematical formula (the so-called power output indicator) to equalize the potential of all cars. The formula was based on a predetermined average speed that differed for cars with various engine capacity, and the corresponding distance expected to be covered by each car over the 12-hour period. The actual distance traveled by a car was then divided by this expected distance to arrive at a quotient, and the results were based on the values of this quotient. Consequently, even cars with the smallest engine size could win the race if they reached sufficient distance, while anybody failing to complete the expected distance was not classified at all. The calculation was further complicated by a provision that any lap completed below the projected average speed was not counted toward the total traveled distance.
Consequently, the overall winner was Treybal with saloon Bristol, who reached a quotient of 1.268 while travelling 1121.158 km (4th longest distance). The pair Pavelka/Zd. Sojka with Tatraplán Sport covered the longest distance of 1192.933 km but their quotient of 1.098 was good for only 14th place in final classification. The race was seen as a great success, yet initial plans to hold a 24-hour race in the following year and thus establish an endurance racing tradition in Brno were eventually abandoned.

## 24H Series

In 2015 the 24H Series returned to the Brno circuit for a 12-hour race, called the 12H Epilog Brno. It was the last race of the season.
# Aranya

Aranya may refer to:
* Aranya (film) or Kaadan, a 2021 Indian drama film
* Aranya (poetry), 1988 collection of poetry by Naresh Mehta
* Aranya, 1970 Assamese film by Samarendra Narayan Deb
* Swami Hariharananda Aranya (1869-1947), yogi, author and founder of monastery
# 9 Sagittarii

9 Sagittarii (9 Sgr) is a massive binary star in the constellation Sagittarius. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.97. Both components are highly luminous O-type main-sequence stars.

## Surroundings

9 Sgr is a naked eye star lying in the direction of the Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8), very close to the central condensation of the Hourglass Nebula around Herschel 36. It was not catalogued by Bayer with a Greek letter, but was listed by Flamsteed as number 9 in the constellation Sagittarius. It lies close to the open cluster NGC 6530. 9 Sgr is the main source of ionisation for much of the visible nebulosity in the region, although the young O star Herschel 36 ionises the dense Hourglass Nebula region.
9 Sgr itself is surrounded by an ionised H$_{II}$ region about 30 light years across including the reflection nebulae NGC 6523 and NGC 6533. This ionised region lies in front of a denser molecular cloud.
The distances to 9 Sgr, M8, and NGC 6530 are uncertain, but generally estimated to be between 1,200 and 1,800 parsecs. Recent studies derive a distance around 1,250 pc for the M8 region. Erosion of the front of the molecular cloud apparently caused by 9 Sgr suggests that it lies in front of the cloud, but studies of 9 Sgr as a binary star give a distance of 1,790 pc. A 2021 study of the binary system derives a distance of 1,310±60 pc. On this basis, it is thought to be a member of the NGC 6530 open cluster.

## System

9 Sagittarii is a binary system with the longest known period for a pair of class O stars at 9.1 years. The orbit is eccentric and the separation between the stars varies from 11 AU to 27 AU. The large separation means that the stellar winds of the two stars do not impact strongly and so the pair are not a strong source of x-rays. Lack of x-rays, low orbital velocities, and similar spectral types merging to a combined spectrum of O4V, mean that 9 Sgr was only confirmed to be a binary in 2012. Earlier clues such as nonthermal radio emission and periodic spectral line profile variations had prompted the detail search for a companion.
The two stars have been resolved using the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor and with ground-based interferometry using the Very Large Telescope PIONIER instrument.

## Properties

Both components of 9 Sgr are massive main sequence class O stars, and both have effective temperatures above 40,000 K. Each emits several hundred thousand times the luminosity of the Sun. At an age of about one million years, both are still main sequence stars fusing hydrogen in their cores, although strong convection have enriched the surface with nitrogen and helium which are visible in the spectrum. The powerful stellar winds produce emission lines in their spectra.
# Araneus gemma

Araneus gemma, commonly known as the cat-faced spider (a name shared with Araneus gemmoides) or jeweled orbweaver spider, is a common outdoor orb-weaver spider found in the western United States and Canada.
Like most Araneus species, A. gemma is harmless to humans. It contains a venomous toxin of low molecular weight called argiotoxin, that antagonizes the actions of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Dopamine was also identified in the venom of A. gemma in a concentration of 4.3 nM.
The web silk of the A. gemma ranges from 1 to 4 μm in diameter.
# Felipe Sapag

Felipe Sapag (February 14, 1917 – March 14, 2010) was an Argentine politician, governor of Neuquén Province on five occasions and a leading figure in the Neuquén People's Movement and the locally influential Sapag family.

## Life and times

Sapag was born in Zapala to Lebanese immigrants who had moved to Neuquén in 1913. His elder brother was Elías Sapag, later a senator, and their younger brothers were Amado and José. Felipe Sapag studied in Zapala and Bahía Blanca but could not finish his secondary education due to the hardship his family endured after the 1930 economic collapse. He and his brothers began to work to support the family and moved to Cutral Có to set up a company. He and his brothers played leading roles in the community, and Felipe founded the local energy co-op and the sports and cultural centre. A Peronist activist, he became a councillor and the first mayor of Cutral-Có in 1952.
Following the military coup d'etat and the banning of the Peronist movement, Sapag and his brothers, together with Carlos Sobisch, founded the Neuquino People's Movement, a provincial political party able to contest elections. Originally called 'Provincial Politics', it was established on June 4, 1961.
Sapag first stood for governor in March 1962, but the elections were annulled by the military government. He was elected governor of Neuquén in 1963, gaining 60% of the vote, and left office in June 1966, deposed by the military; among his administration's notable accomplishments were the establishment of the Neuquén Development Corporation (COPADE), the Bank of the Province of Neuquén, and the Universidad Provincial del Neuquén (today the National University of Comahue).
In 1970, in an unexpected decision, he accepted the offer of the military government to become federal receiver of the province, ruling it until 1972. The following year he was re-elected governor but was again removed after the 1976 military coup.
Following the restoration of democracy, Sapag was returned to the governor's post by voters, serving in 1983–87 and 1995–99. Even in old age, he continued to be active in the politics of his province, and despite calls for him to be expelled from the party he helped found for supporting Néstor Kirchner in the 2003 election, as well as for his support of members of the Sapag family in their campaigns.
Sapag was married to Estela Romeo. They had four children: Luis Felipe, Silvia Estela, Ricardo, and Enrique. Ricardo and Enrique disappeared in the Dirty War that followed the 1976 coup, while Luis and Silvia followed their father into politics. The 93-year-old Felipe Sapag died in his home in Neuquén on March 14, 2010; Governor Jorge Sapag, his nephew, declared seven days of official mourning in his honor.
# Archie W. N. Porter

Archie William Noel Porter (December 18, 1885 – March 14, 1963) was the third bishop of the Diocese of Northern California in The Episcopal Church from 1933 to 1957, having previously served as archdeacon and bishop coadjutor.

## Biography

Porter was born n December 18, 1885, in Ballari, India, the son of John Porter and Martha Hannah Starling. He was educated at the Walthamstow Technical Institute in England and after moving to the United States in 1902, he studied at the University of Southern California from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1908 and a Master of Arts in 1915. He also studied at the General Theological Seminary, graduating with a Bachelor of Divinity in 1914. He was awarded a Doctor of Divinity from the Church Divinity School of the Pacific in 1933. He married Dorathe H. Hallowell on June 12, 1912, in San Francisco, California and together had 4 sons and 1 daughter.
Porter was ordained deacon and priest in 1911 and served as rector of St James' Church in Los Angeles from 1911 to 1917. He then transferred to San Jose, California, to serve as rector of Trinity Church, while in 1925 he became Archdeacon of the Diocese of Sacramento.
In 1933 he was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Sacramento and was consecrated on May 23, 1933, by Bishop William Hall Moreland of Sacramento. He succeeded as diocesan bishop later that year and remained in office until his retirement on December 31, 1957.
# Graham Hatfull

Graham F. Hatfull is the Eberly Family Professor of Biotechnology at the University of Pittsburgh, where he studies bacteriophages. He has been an HHMI professor since 2002, and is the creator of their SEA-PHAGES program. In 2024, he was elected as a permanent member of the National Academy of Sciences.

## Life and career

Hatfull studied biological sciences at Westfield College, University of London from 1975 to 1978. He received his PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1981. He did postdoctoral research at Yale University and the Medical Research Council.
In 2002, he developed the SEA-PHAGES, originally the PHIRE (Phage Hunters Integrating Research and Education) program, which he originally developed to include 10-12 students per year. The program existed only at the University of Pittsburgh from 2002 to 2008, when the HHMI created the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program. The first year of SEA-PHAGES, the program had 12 participative universities. The program has since spread to more than 100 universities and thousands of students per year.

## Honors

Hatfull is a member of the American Academy of Microbiology, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 2020 became a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
He is also the winner of the 2013 Carski Foundation Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching Award and the 2020 Peter Wildy Prize.
In 2024, Hatfull was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. According to the Academy "[members] are elected to the National Academy of Sciences in recognition of their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research. Membership is a widely accepted mark of excellence in science and is considered one of the highest honors that a scientist can receive. Current NAS membership totals approximately 2,400 members and 500 international members, of which approximately 190 have received Nobel prizes."
# Apostolic Delegation to Comoros

The Apostolic Delegation to Comoros is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Comoros. It is headed by the Apostolic Delegate, a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See, who represents the interests of the Holy See to Church officials, the government, and civil society in Comoros. It is not a diplomatic post. The title Apostolic Delegate to Comoros is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Madagascar; he resides in Antananarivo.

## Papal representatives to Comoros

* Bruno Musarò (25 September 1999 - 10 February 2004)
* Augustine Kasujja (22 April 2004 - 2 February 2010)
* Eugene Martin Nugent (13 February 2010 - 10 January 2015)
* Paolo Rocco Gualtieri (13 November 2015 – 6 August 2022)
* Tomasz Grysa (27 September 2022 – present)
# Algibre River

The Algibre River (Portuguese pronunciation:) is a small river in the Portuguese region of the Algarve. The Algibre River is formed by the confluence of the Mercês (Ribeira das Mercês) and Benémola (Ribeira da Benémola) rivers close to the village of Querença in a small fertile valley. The area is characterized by many derelict sluices and dams that date back to the period of Arab occupation, during which the whole area was irrigated and agriculture was the predominating activity of this land. The river along with the Alte River, another tributary, becomes the River Quarteira after the two rivers conflux. The river runs eastwards for 21.7 kilometres (13.5 mi) from its start at the confluence of.

## Description

The Algibre is one of a number of small rivers in the central Algarve that make up the water ecosystem known as the Querença – Silves Aquifer System.

## Gallery

* Stepping stone crossing next to a fording point on the river
* Clear water of the river in the springtime
# 1733 in Scotland

"none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
Events from the year 1733 in Scotland.

## Incumbents

* Secretary of State for Scotland: vacant

### Law officers

* Lord Advocate – Duncan Forbes
* Solicitor General for Scotland – Charles Erskine

### Judiciary

* Lord President of the Court of Session – Lord North Berwick
* Lord Justice General – Lord Ilay
* Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Grange

## Events

* 23 April–end of October – Wade's Bridge, Aberfeldy, designed by William Adam, built.
* May–December – First Secession from the Church of Scotland.

## Births

* 4 January – Robert Mylne, architect (died 1811 in London)
* 3 February – Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1805 in England)
* 1 May – Archibald McLean, Baptist minister (died 1812)
* 22 May – Alexander Monro, anatomist (died 1817)
* 24 December – Thomas Bell, theologian (died 1802)
* John Forbes, general in Portuguese service (died 1808 in Brazil)
* Lewis Hutchinson, serial killer (hanged 1773 in Jamaica)

## Deaths

* January – Alexander Duncan, Episcopal Bishop of Glasgow (born c. 1655)
* 27 January – Patrick Vanse, Member of Parliament (born c. 1655)
* 31 October – David Boyle, 1st Earl of Glasgow, politician (born c. 1666)
* 29 December – Sir Robert Grierson, 1st Baronet (born 1655/6)

## The arts

* William Thomson publishes Orpheus caledonius: or, A collection of Scots songs.
# 1981 Brownlow Medal

The 1981 Brownlow Medal was the 54th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bernie Quinlan of the Fitzroy Football Club and Barry Round of the South Melbourne Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty-two votes during the 1981 VFL season.
Prior the 1981 season, the VFL amended the rules to allow for the awarding Brownlow Medals jointly to all players tied for the most votes; this eliminated tie-breakers which had previously been in place to ensure there would be only a single winner. The tie between Round and Quinlan meant that this new provision was used in its first season.

## Leading votegetters

| | Player | Votes |
| =1st | Bernie Quinlan (Fitzroy) | 22 |
| =1st | Barry Round (South Melbourne) | 22 |
| 3rd | Rodney Ashman (Carlton) | 21 |
| 4th | Peter Moore (Collingwood) | 16 |
| =5th | Merv Neagle (Essendon) | 15 |
| =5th | John Mossop (Geelong) | 15 |
| =5th | Trevor Barker (St Kilda) | 15 |
| 8th | Tony Buhagiar (Essendon) | 14 |
| 9th | Geoff Cunningham (St Kilda) | 13 |
| 10th | Ken Hunter (Carlton) | 12 |
# Dolichomacrostomidae

The Dolichomacrostomidae are a family of small basal free-living flatworms (Macrostomida, Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes), and members of the marine, but also brackish, meiobenthos. The name was coined by Reinhard M. Rieger (1971), who designated the Dolichomacrostomidae as a family within the taxon Macrostomida. There are currently about 40 named species in this family.

## Description

For the diagnosis of the Dolichomacrostomidae see and

## Ecology and distribution

The Dolichomacrostomidae are all members of the meiobenthos. Moreover, they are primarily marine, with some forms entering brackish habitats. Many forms are particularly abundant in the subtidal meiobenthos, but here are also intertidal and a few deep-sea forms. Dolichomacrostomidae can be found in all major oceans worldwide, but many areas have been very poorly studied to date.

## Reproduction

Like almost all Platyhelminthes the Dolichomacrostomidae are simultaneous hermaphrodites. They are remarkable for the high complexity of their genitalia. The male copulatory organ often consists of two parts, a glandular and a penis stylet. The former only transfers glandular secretions and the latter both sperm and glandular products. The female genitalia are often associated with sclerotized valve structures of unknown function.
# Applied Signal Technology

Applied Signal Technology (Nasdaq: APSG; also known as AST) is a provider of advanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) products, systems, and services, established in 1984 in Sunnyvale, California. Its 2009 revenue was $202.6 million with a profit of $22.9 million. Its current President and CEO is William B. Van Vleet III. AST serves the defense, intelligence, homeland security, and select commercial markets.
Its products are used to scan and filter cell phone, ship-to-shore, microwave, and military transmissions and evaluate them for relevant information.
In December 2010, AST agreed to be acquired by military contractor Raytheon for $490 million.
# Edward Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Liverpool

Edward Richard Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Liverpool (9 August 1834 – 20 February 1920), was a British journalist and Liberal politician.
Russell was a newspaper man who also involved himself in politics. Born in London, he was largely self-made, rising to become Editor of the Liverpool Daily Post, a position he held for almost fifty years. He is reputed to have been a man of great ability, with high religious and moral standards. Well-travelled, an advocate of Temperance, and regarded as an able public speaker, he supported the Liberal Party and was a founder of the Liverpool Parliamentary Debating Society. He corresponded with leading figures of the day, for example Annie Besant and H. H. Asquith. In 1865 he left Liverpool for London where he worked for the Morning Star and other newspapers. In writing parliamentary reports, he came to know members of the government and was a friend of William Ewart Gladstone.
When Russell returned to Liverpool in 1869, as editor of the Daily Post, which, under his leadership, it became known as a leading provincial newspaper. From 1885 to 1887 Russell was Liberal MP for the constituency of Glasgow Bridgeton, then in 1893 he was knighted. In 1919, the year before his death, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Russell of Liverpool, of Liverpool in the County Palatine of Lancaster.

## Works

* Irving as Hamlet (1875)
* True Macbeth: A Lecture (1875)
* Ibsen: A Lecture Delivered at University College, Liverpool (1894)
* Garrick: A Lecture (1895)
* That Reminds Me (1899)
* Arrested Fugitives (1912)

## Arms

Coat of arms of Edward Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Liverpool :
* CrestAn owl wings expanded Argent beaked and legged Or resting the dexter claw and estoile Azure.
* EscutcheonPer saltire Sable and Or in chief an estoile Argent two roses in fess Gules barbed and seeded Proper and in base a thistle leaved and slipped of the second.
* SupportersOn either side an owl Argent beaked and legged Or gorged with a chaplet of roses Gules leaved Vert.
* MottoMore Light
# Algicola

Algicola is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

## Etymology

The name Algicola derives from Latin alga, a seaweed, and cola or incola, an inhabitant or dweller; Algicola, then, means inhabitant of algae.

## Species

The genus contains two species:
* Algicola bacteriolytica Sawabe et al. 1998. Ivanova et al. 2004 (type species of the genus); bacterium, rod or staff and lytica (from Greek lutikē, able to loosen, able to dissolve, to give bacteriolytica, bacteria-dissolving
* Algicola sagamiensis Kobayashi et al. 2003, Nam et al. 2007, sagamiensis, referring to Sagami Bay, the place of isolation
# Felicità (album)

Felicità (Italian for Happiness) is a studio album by Italian duo Al Bano and Romina Power, released in 1982 by Baby Records. The album was an international commercial success and included two of their biggest hits, "Felicità" and "Sharazan".
In some territories, it was confusingly released under the title of their previous album, Aria pura, even though the two LPs contained different material. The duo also recorded a Spanish language version of the album, Felicidad.

## Track listing
### Original Italian release
#### Side A

* "Aria pura" – 3:12
* "Felicità" – 3:13
* "Prima notte d'amore" – 2:55
* "Sharazan" – 4:45
* "Il ballo del qua qua" – 2:52

#### Side B

* "Angeli" – 3:25
* "E fu subito amore" – 3:59
* "Canto di libertà" – 2:45
* "Caro Gesù" – 3:30
* "Arrivederci a Bahia" – 3:02

### Spanish release (Felicidad)
#### Side A

* "Felicidad" – 3:13
* "Nestra primera noche" – 2:55
* "Canto de libertad" – 2:45
* "Il ballo del qua qua" – 2:52
* "Arrivederci en Bahia" – 3:02

#### Side B

* "Aire puro" – 3:12
* "Oye Jesús" – 3:30
* "Vivirlo otra vez" – 3:59
* "Angeles" – 3:25