OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Achuki, Aurangabad, Bihar

Achuki is a village located in Rafiganj block, Aurangabad district, Bihar, India.

## Population

Achuki has a total of 259 houses in it. The Achuki village has population of 1781 of which 885 are males and 896 are females as per the Population Census of 2011.
The population of children ages 0 to 6 is 347 which makes up 19.48% of the total population of the village. The average sex ratio is 1012 which is higher than the Bihar state average of 918. The child sex ratio as per the census is 1053, higher than the Bihar average of 935.

## Education

Achuki village has a lower literacy rate compared to Bihar. In 2011, the literacy rate of Achuki village was 59.41% compared to 61.80% for Bihar. Male literacy was at 73.18% while female literacy was 45.68%.

## Income sources

Out of the total population of Achuki, 818 people were engaged in work activities. Of these workers, 85.09% described their work as lasting more than six months, while 14.91% described their work as lasting less than six months. Of the workers engaged in work lasting longer than six months, 276 were agricultural laborers and 328 were owners of land that they farmed.
# Acrogenotheca

Acrogenotheca is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).

## Species

* Acrogenotheca elegans
* Acrogenotheca ornata
* Acrogenotheca pulcherrima
# Augouardia

Augouardia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Detarioideae.
The genus has only one species, Augouardia letestui, which is endemic to Gabon, Africa.
# Alur, Bellary

Alur is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India.
# 1995 Züri-Metzgete

The 1995 Züri-Metzgete was the 80th edition of the Züri-Metzgete road cycling one day race. It was held on 20 August 1995 as part of the 1995 UCI Road World Cup. The race took place between the cities of Basel and Zürich was won by Johan Museeuw of Belgium.

## Result

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Johan Museeuw (BEL) | Mapei–GB–Latexco | 5h 34' 15" |
| 2 | Gianni Bugno (ITA) | MG Maglificio–Technogym | s.t. |
| 3 | Giorgio Furlan (ITA) | Gewiss–Ballan | s.t. |
| 4 | Michele Coppolillo (ITA) | Navigare–Blue Storm | s.t. |
| 5 | Maarten den Bakker (NED) | TVM–Polis Direct | s.t. |
| 6 | Massimo Donati (ITA) | Mercatone Uno–Saeco | s.t. |
| 7 | Fabio Baldato (ITA) | MG Maglificio–Technogym | s.t. |
| 8 | Andrea Ferrigato (ITA) | ZG Mobili–Selle Italia | s.t. |
| 9 | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) | Lampre–Panaria | + 7" |
| 10 | Lance Armstrong (USA) | Motorola | s.t. |
# 2005 Icelandic Cup

The 2005 Visa-Bikar was the 46th season of the Icelandic national football cup. It started on 17 May 2005 and concluded with the final held on 24 September 2005. The winners qualified for the first qualifying round of the 2006–07 UEFA Cup.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 17 May 2005 |||
| Grótta | 5–1 | GG |
| Sindri | 0–1 | Höttur |
| 18 May 2005 |||
| KV | 4–2 (a.e.t.) | Hrunamenn |
| 19 May 2005 |||
| Árborg | 0–0 (a.e.t.) 6−7 (pen) | Hvíti riddarinn |
| Skallagrímur | 9–2 | Ellidi |
| Neisti Hofsos | 1–3 | Reynir Arskogsstrond |
| KF Fjarðabyggð | 4–1 | KE |
| Huginn | 4–2 | Leiknir Fáskrúðsfirði |
| Hvöt | 5–1 | Magni |
| Snörtur | 3–1 | Boltfelag Husavik |
| Ægir | 1–5 | Ýmir |
| 20 May 2005 |||
| Augnablik | 3–0$^1$ | Afríka |
| Neisti D. | 3–1 | Boltfelag Nordfjörður |
$^1$ Match awarded 3–0 to Augnablik. Originally 4–2 to Afríka.

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 31 May 2005 |||
| Augnablik | 0–6 | ÍR |
| Reynir A. | 0–0 (a.e.t.) 4−3 (pen) | Hvöt |
| Snörtur | 0–7 | Leiftur/Dalvík |
| KF Fjarðabyggð | 7–0 | Neisti D. |
| Höttur | 1–5 | Huginn |
| Tindastóll | 1–3 | KS |
| Fjölnir | 9–0 | Numi |
| Selfoss | 2–3 | Njardvik |
| KV | 1–2 | Leiknir Reykjavík |
| Víkingur Ólafsvík | 4–1 | Reynir Sandgerði |
| 1 June 2005 |||
| Bolungarvik | 0–8 | Stjarnan |
| Skallagrímur | 1–3 | Grótta |
| Afturelding | 10–1 | Tunglid |
| Ýmir | 1–3 | Haukar |
| Víðir | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | ÍH |
| Hamar | 0–7 | Hvíti riddarinn |

## Third round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 7 June 2005 |||
| Grótta | 1–2 | ÍA |
| 19 June 2005 |||
| KF Fjarðabyggð | 0–2 | Fram |
| KS | 2–4 (a.e.t.) | Fylkir |
| ÍR | 1–2 | Þór Akureyri |
| Leiftur/Dalvik | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | ÍBV |
| Njarðvík | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Völsungur |
| Huginn | 1–4 | KA |
| Leiknir Reykjavík | 0–6 | KR |
| Hvíti riddarinn | 1–5 (a.e.t.) | HK |
| Víkingur Ólafsvík | 1–2 | Breiðablik |
| 20 June 2005 |||
| Afturelding | 0–1 | Víkingur Reykjavík |
| Fjölnir | 3–4 | Keflavík |
| Víðir | 0–5 | FH |
| Reynir Árskógsströnd | 0–7 | Valur |
| Haukar | 1–1 (a.e.t.) 4−5 (pen) | Þróttur |
| Stjarnan | 0–2 | Grindavík |

## Fourth round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 4 July 2005 |||
| Víkingur Reykjavík | 3–3 (a.e.t.) 5−6 (pen) | KR |
| ÍA | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Breiðablik |
| Valur | 5–1 | Haukar |
| 5 July 2005 |||
| FH | 3–1 | KA |
| Þór Akureyri | 0–3 | Fram |
| Grindavík | 0–1 | Fylkir |
| HK | 1–0 | Keflavík |
| ÍBV | 3–2 | Njarðvík |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| 16 July 2005 |||
| FH | 5–1 (a.e.t.) | ÍA |
| 20 July 2005 |||
| HK | 0–2 | Fylkir |
| 21 July 2005 |||
| Fram | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | ÍBV |
| KR | 1–2 | Valur |
# Archips crataegana

Archips crataegana, the brown oak tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in most of Europe east to Japan.
The wingspan is about 20 mm for males and about 25 mm for females. Adults are sexually dimorphic. The forewings have a sinuate termen There is an irregular vertical, costal fold from the base to 2/3 and light brown or ochreous-brown There is a transverse dorsal spot near the base. The central fascia has the anterior edge angulated below middle. The costal patch is extended as a streak to the termen above the tornus. It is dark ochreous-brown. The fascia is attenuated and sometimes obsolete towards costa. The hindwings are grey, the apex in female sometimes yellowish. Julius von Kennel provides a full description.
They are on wing from June to August.
The larvae feed on various deciduous trees, including Quercus, Ulmus, Fraxinus and Salix species. They feed in a tightly-rolled leaf. The species overwinters as an egg.

## Subspecies

* Archips crataeganus crataeganus
* Archips crataeganus endoi Yasuda, 1975 (South Korea, Japan, China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
# Azerbaijan–Peru relations

Bilateral relations and interactions exist between Azerbaijan and Peru.

## Diplomatic relations

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Peru were established in 1996.
The Embassy of Azerbaijan in Lima operates since 2015. The Embassy of Peru in Baku was opened on June 2, 2017 and then closed on March 1, 2020.
Mehdi Mammadov is the Chargé d'Affaires of the Embassy of Azerbaijan in Lima since June 3, 2015.
There is a joint Azerbaijani-Peruvian inter-parliamentary working group is functioning in the National Assembly of Azerbaijan.
In November 2015, there was the Peru-Azerbaijan friendship group established in the Congress of Peru. Group is led by Elias Nicholas Rodriguez.
Legal framework: two documents have been signed between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Peru.
In 2018, governments of these two countries signed a Memorandum of understanding.

## High-level visits

On August 2, 2012, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Elmar Mammadyarov paid an official visit to Peru.
On September 25, 2013, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Elmar Mammadyarov met with the Minister of foreign affairs of Peru Eda Rivas during the 68th session of the UN General Assembly.
On July 6, 2019, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Elmar Mammadyarov paid a working visit to Peru.

## Economic relations

Business forums are held with the participation of CEOs from both countries.
Azerbaijani oil and gas companies are investing in Peru.
It is planned to export such food products as cocoa, asparagus, grapes, nuts, sugar, tangerines, bananas, mango, shrimps, etc. to Azerbaijan.

## International cooperation

On June 10, 2013, the Peruvian Congress adopted a resolution recognizing the Khojaly massacre as genocide.
Peru supports Azerbaijan's position within the organization named Pacific Alliance (Alianza del Pacífico).

## Cultural connections

In September–October 2018, at the initiative of the Ministry of culture of Azerbaijan, the Embassy of Peru in Azerbaijan, the Department of the State historical and architectural reserve "Icheri Sheher", as well as the Scientific Association "Arts Council Azerbaijan", an exhibition of Peruvian artists entitled "Landscapes of the Peruvian Andes" was held in the old part of Baku at the Art Tower art gallery for the first time.
In 2018, the Ministry of culture of Azerbaijan and the Ministry of culture of Peru signed an agreement on cooperation in the field of culture.
Joint activities are carried out in the field of education, as well as defense.

## Resident diplomatic missions

* Azerbaijan has an embassy office in Lima.
* Peru is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
# Baaltars

Baaltars (combination of "Baal" and "Tarsus"; Aramaic: בעלתרז B‘LTRZ) was the tutelary deity of the city of Tarsus in the Persian Empire. His depiction appears on coins of the Persian governors (satraps) of Cilicia at Tarsus before the conquests of Alexander the Great, in the 5th and 4th century BCE, such as Datames, Pharnabazes, and Mazaios, and also on coins of the early Seleucid Empire. The equivalent of Baaltars for the Greeks was Zeus.
# Baalsrud

Baalsrud is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andreas Baalsrud (1872–1961), Norwegian civil engineer
* Jan Baalsrud (1917–1988), Norwegian Army commando
* Terje Baalsrud (1914–2003), Norwegian newspaper editor
# Bernie Smallwood

Bernard Albert Smallwood (22 December 1927 – 28 September 2017) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Footscray Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# H&M Design Award

The H&M Design Award is an design prize for fashion graduates. The prize was established in 2012 to support young designers with starting careers in fashion. The prize is awarded every year by Hennes & Mauritz AB (H&M), a Swedish multinational clothing-retail company. This prize was not awarded in 2021 or 2022.

## Recipients

| Year | Recipient | Prize | Academy | City | Country |
| 2012 | Stine Riis | Jury prize | London College of Fashion | London | United Kingdom |
| 2012 | Anne Bosman | Public prize | ArtEZ Institute of the Arts | Arnhem | The Netherlands |
| 2013 | Minju Kim | Jury prize | Royal Academy of Fine Arts | Antwerp | Belgium |
| 2013 | Alba Prat | Public prize | Universität der Künste | Berlin | Germany |
| 2014 | Eddie Anemian | Jury prize | La Cambre | Brussels | Belgium |
| 2014 | Henriette Tilanus | Public prize | ArtEZ Institute of the Arts | Arnhem | The Netherlands |
| 2015 | Ximon Lee | Jury prize | Parsons School of Design | New York | USA |
| 2015 | Magdalena Brozda | Public prize | Geneva University of Art and Design | Geneva | Switzerland |
| 2016 | Hannah Jinkins | Jury prize | Royal College of Arts | London | United Kingdom |
| 2017 | Richard Quinn | Jury prize | Central Saint Martins | London | United Kingdom |
| 2018 | Stefan Cooke | Jury prize | Central Saint Martins | London | United Kingdom |
| 2019 | Priya Ahluwalia | Jury prize | University of Westminster | London | United Kingdom |
| 2020 | Sabine Skarule | Jury prize | Royal Academy of Fine Arts | Antwerp | Belgium |
# Behrungen

Behrungen is a former municipality in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany. From December 1, 2007, it has been part of the Grabfeld district.

## Gallery

* Village church
* Houses at the 'Manger'
* Town hall
* Primary school
* Former frontier to GDR
* Memorial for border fortification
# Adam Gdacius

Adam Gdacius or Gdacjusz or Gdak, also called Rey of Silesia (1615 – 1688) was a Polish-language writer and a Lutheran pastor at the Wilna church
He was born and died in the Silesian town of Kreuzburg (now Kluczbork), where from 1644 was a deacon and, later, a parish priest. He wrote sermons and moralizing literature in Polish and Latin, mainly in the years 1674–1687.

## Published works

* Kwestyja o pojedynkach
* O pańskim i szlacheckim stanie albo rycerskim dyszkurs
* Dyszkurs o pijaństwie
* Kwestyja o polygamijej albo wielożeństwie
* Trojaki o ołtarzach, obrazach i organach dyszkurs
* Kwestyja o zmartwychwstaniu
* Kwestyjej o Pannie Maryjej
* Dyszkurs o dobrych uczynkach
# Augrabies, South Africa

Augrabies /ɔːˈxrɑːbiːz/ is a small town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa, situated on the south bank of the Orange River about 100 kilometres (60 mi) downstream from Upington. It is located on the R359 road just outside the Augrabies Falls National Park, which contains the Augrabies Falls for which the town is named.
# Fintan Meyler

Fintan Meyler (born Gertrude Anne Meyler; 14 December 1929 – 23 July 2005) was an Irish-American actress on stage, on television, and in films. Meyler was one of seven children.

## Biography

Her early education came at a convent in Dublin, before she began studying acting at the Gate Theatre in Dublin. She was chosen Miss Ireland in 1950, which led to her coming to the United States. Meyler never left. Eventually, she made her way to California. Her first TV role was on Matinee Theater. Under the name Fintan Meyler, she starred in over 30 different TV shows. She portrayed memorable characters in shows, such as The Donna Reed Show, Perry Mason, Bonanza, The Rebel, Have Gun - Will Travel and Gunsmoke. In the 1959 Perry Mason episode "The Case of the Howling Dog", she played Thelma Brent.
Perhaps best known among her film roles was the "Hysterical Woman" in Zero Hour! in a scene that was memorably spoofed 22 years later in Airplane!, then with Lee Bryant in the part.
She strongly resembled Shirley Jones, only brunette.
She died of cancer in San Jose, California.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role |
| 1957 | The Abductors | Citizens of Springfield and Chicago |
| 1957 | Zero Hour! | Hysterical Woman |
| 1958 | Showdown at Boot Hill | Sally Crane |
| 1960 | "Gunsmoke" | Jeanne |
# 1995 Zagreb Open – Doubles

Mercedes Paz and Rene Simpson won in the final 7–5, 6–2 against Laura Golarsa and Irina Spîrlea.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
* Laura Golarsa / Irina Spîrlea (final)
* Mercedes Paz / Rene Simpson (champions)
* Sandra Cecchini / Isabelle Demongeot (quarterfinals)
* Nanne Dahlman / Laura Garrone (first round)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | L Golarsa I Spîrlea | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | L Richterová E Tatarkova | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | L Golarsa I Spîrlea | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| | MD Campana C Torrens Valero | 3 | 1 | | | D Szabova N van Lottum | 1 | 5 | | | | | | | | |
| | D Szabova N van Lottum | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 1 | L Golarsa I Spîrlea | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| 3 | S Cecchini I Demongeot | 6 | 6 | | | | | | WC | S Cacic C Papadáki | 4 | 2 | | | | |
| | M Kratochvílová M Palaveršić | 0 | 1 | | 3 | S Cecchini I Demongeot | 4 | 2 | | | | | | | | |
| WC | S Cacic C Papadáki | 6 | 6 | | WC | S Cacic C Papadáki | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | S Attili E Savoldi | 1 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Laura Golarsa Irina Spîrlea | 5 | 2 |
| | E Bond J Moore | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | Mercedes Paz Rene Simpson | 7 | 6 |
| Q | Y Basting K de Weille | 6 | 6 | | Q | Y Basting K de Weille | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | K Kroupová P Langrová | 5 | 6 | 6 | | K Kroupová P Langrová | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | N Dahlman L Garrone | 7 | 3 | 2 | | | | | Q | Y Basting K de Weille | 5 | 3 | | | | |
| | B Rittner C Schneider | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 2 | M Paz R Simpson | 7 | 6 | | | | |
| | L Ghirardi S Pitkowski | 4 | 2 | | | B Rittner C Schneider | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| | T Križan S Meier | 3 | 0 | | 2 | M Paz R Simpson | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Paz R Simpson | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Greek Mob

The Greek Mob may refer to various ethnic Greek criminal organizations, including:
* The Greek mafia, various loosely interconnected crime groups based primarily in Greece (and sometimes including Greek-American organized crime, as listed below)
* The Philadelphia Greek Mob, a Greek American crime group based primarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* The Velentzas crime family, a Greek American crime group based primarily in New York City
# 1996 Fiji rugby union tour of New Zealand and South Africa

The 1996 Fiji rugby union tour of New Zealand and South Africa were a series of matches played in June and July in New Zealand and South Africa by Fiji national rugby union team.

## Results

Scores and results list Fiji's points tally first.
| Opposing Team | For | Against | Date | Venue | Status |
| North Auckland | 49 | 18 | 17 June 1996 | | Tour match |
| Poverty Bay Rugby Football Union | 49 | 6 | 19 June 1996 | | Tour match |
| Waikato | 33 | 25 | 23 June 1996 | | Tour match |
| South Africa | 18 | 43 | 2 July 1996 | Pretoria | Test Match |
| Northern Transvaal | 44 | 37 | 5 July 1996 | | Tour match |
# Barry Island (disambiguation)

Barry Island is in Wales.
Barry Island may also refer to:
* Barry Island (Debenham Islands), Antarctica
* Barry Island (holiday camp), Wales
# Gregoor

Gregoor is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Gillis Smak Gregoor (1770–1843), Dutch landscape painter
* Gregoor van Dijk (born 1981), Dutch footballer
* Jan Gregoor (1914–1982), Dutch painter and art educator
# Green-backed hillstar

The green-backed hillstar (Urochroa leucura), formerly included in the white-tailed hillstar, is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The green-backed hillstar and what is now the rufous-gaped hillstar (Urochroa bougueri) were once treated as a single species, the "white-tailed hillstar". (BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World retains the "white-tailed" name for the present species.) They are the only two members of their genus. Although they share the name "hillstar" with the members of genus Oreotrochilus, they are quite different and not closely related. The green-backed hillstar is monotypic.

## Description

The green-backed hillstar is 13 to 14 cm (5.1 to 5.5 in) long including its approximately 3 cm (1.2 in) bill. It weighs about 8.7 g (0.31 oz). The sexes are alike, though the female is somewhate duller than the male. They have bronzy green upperparts with bronzy uppertail coverts, an iridescent blue throat and breast, and a dull gray belly. Their central tail feathers are bronzy and the others white with dusky gray outer edges. Juveniles are similar to adults with the addition of buffy fringes on the head feathers and a slight buffy malar streak.

## Distribution and habitat

The green-backed hillstar is found on the east slope of the Andes from southern Colombia through eastern Ecuador and disjunctly in northeastern Peru. It inhabits the interior and edges of mature montane forest and secondary forest, and also shrubby slopes, and is often found near streams. In Colombia and Ecuador it generally ranges between elevations of 1,600 and 2,800 m (5,200 and 9,200 ft), and is most numerous at about 1,800 m (5,900 ft). In Peru it is known only between 800 and 1,500 m (2,600 and 4,900 ft).

## Behavior
### Movement

Though the green-backed hillstar is generally sedentary, it makes some seasonal elevational movements.

### Feeding

The green-backed hillstar usually forages in the lower and middle strata of the forest but occasionally in the canopy. Males defend feeding territories at stands of flowering vegetation. It takes nectar mostly from plants of genera Inga, Bomarea, Psammisia, and Cavendishia. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small insects by hawking from a perch.

### Breeding

The green-backed hillstar's breeding phenology has not been documented.
* Songs and calls
* Listen to green-backed hillstar on xeno-canto

### Vocalization

What is thought to be the green-backed hillstar's song is "a continuous series of single 'tseee', 'tsing' or 'seeuw' notes". It also makes "a liquid 'twit', repeated in long sequences.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the green-backed hillstar as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are unknown. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered fairly common in Colombia, uncommon to rare in Ecuador, and rare and local in Peru.
# Barsel

Barsel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Esther Barsel (1925–2008), South African political activist
* Hymie Barsel (1920–1987), South African activist
# Gregory Green

Greg(ory) Green(e) may refer to:
* Greg Green, Spokane-area based businessman and entrepreneur
* Greg Greene, a 1997 Alberta Social Credit Party candidate for the Calgary-Nose Creek provincial electoral district
* Gregory Greene, Toronto-based director of 2004 documentary film The End of Suburbia
* Gregory Green (musician), known as Grant Green, Jr.
* Gregory Green (artist), see Nuclear weapons in popular culture
# Gregory Gowans

Sir Urban Gregory Joseph Gowans QC (9 September 1904 – 1 April 1994) was an Australian lawyer and judge who served on the Supreme Court of Victoria from August 1961 to September 1976.
In 1904, Gowans was born in Boulder, Western Australia to Hannah Gowans (née Connolly) and James Gowans. His mother died when he was six years old having been accidentally poisoned by a splinter containing arsenic oxide — a by-product of the mining industry at that time. Gowans' father enrolled him and his four brothers at Christian Brothers College Kalgoorlie. Gowans won a scholarship to attend the University of Western Australia where he received a Bachelor of Arts, and a further scholarship from the University of Melbourne where he studied law.
Gowans was counsel assisting in the 1939 bushfires Royal Commission at age 34. He defended an RAAF pilot against a high profile mutiny charge in 1941. During World War II he was based in Victoria Barracks as Director of War Organisation of Industry.
Gowans was an establishment figure, but left-leaning. He twice assisted Labor Attorney General Doc Evatt, once in the unsuccessful attempt to nationalise the banks in 1948, and again in the successful High Court challenge to the Menzies' Government attempt to ban the Communist Party in 1950. He was the Labor Party candidate for the state seat of Elsternwick in 1947, losing by a wide margin in a seat that Labor had not previously contested.
In 1960, Gough Whitlam praised Gowans' articles for The Age on the rights of individuals accused of communism.
Gowans was made King's Counsel in 1949. He appeared in the Privy Council in London on five occasions in the 1950s on constitutional and criminal law appeals. In 1961, Gowans was appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria, where he served for 15 years.
On 1 January 1974, Gowans was knighted for distinguished service to the law.
In 1978-9, Gowans chaired an enquiry into controversial land dealings in Victoria, as a result of which, in the words of the senate opposition leader of the time, "a federal Treasurer resigned; two Victorian Ministers have resigned; two members of the Victorian Liberal Parliamentary Party have been expelled from the Party; two people have been committed to trial in relation to certain offences and a series of mysterious burglaries connected with the participants have occurred."
Gowans married Mona Ann Jane Freeman in 1937.
Gowans' portrait, by Archibald Douglas Colquhoun, hangs in the Art Gallery of New South Wales.