OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electrodynamic wheel

An electrodynamic wheel is a type of wheel proposed for use in electrodynamic levitation of the maglev train transport system.
Unlike a conventional wheel, an electrodynamic wheel has a rim studded with magnets of alternating poles. As the wheel spins, which is done at a rate so that there is slip between the rim and the guideway's surface, magnetic fields are induced in the conductive guideway, which repels the wheel.
Depending on the spin, electrodynamic wheels can provide propulsion, braking, control, and lift.

## Using 2D model

The mechanical rotation of a radially positioned permanent-magnet Halbach array above a conducting, nonmagnetic track induces eddy currents in the track that can inductively create suspension and propulsion forces simultaneously. The parameters that affect the performance of this electrodynamic wheel are studied using a 2-D steady-state finite-element method.

## Examples

The Hendo hoverboard uses electrodynamic wheels to levitate itself over a conductive surface.
# Disc filter

A disc filter is a type of water filter used primarily in irrigation, similar to a screen filter, except that the filter cartridge is made of a number of plastic discs stacked on top of each other like a pile of poker chips. Each disc is covered with small grooves or bumps. The discs (or rings) each have a hole in the middle, forming a hollow cylinder in the middle of the stack. The water passes through the small passages in between and the impurities are trapped behind.
The filtration quality is based on the quantity and size of particles that the filtering element is able to retain. Higher quality filtration simply means cleaner water. This depends on the geometry of the channels, including the size, length, angle, and number of generated intersection points. The discs are typically color coded to denote the level of filtration. Filtration quality is usually measured in microns, based on the smallest size particle filtered. The typical range is from 25 microns for the finest level of filtration to 400 microns for the coarsest. Sometimes the filtration quality is given as the equivalent mesh size of a comparable screen filter. Typical mesh sizes range from 40 to 600. When using mesh sizes, 40 is the coarsest and 600 is the finest or highest level of filtration.
Disc filters range in size from small units with a 3/4" inlet and outlet used for landscape drip irrigation systems to very large banks of multiple filters manifolded together used for filtering large volumes of water for agricultural and industrial applications.
Some disc filters, especially the smaller ones, must be taken apart and cleaned by hand. Many of the larger ones can be backflushed in such a way that the discs are able to separate and spin during the cleaning cycle. In some cases, a booster pump may be required for backflushing. Disc filters can be used for many types of contaminants, including fine sand and organic matter. However, when used to filter organic matter, they will clog more quickly than a media filter and will have to be cleaned more often. One advantage that the disc filter has over the media filter is that it can backflush more quickly with less flush water.
Disc filters used in agricultural irrigation are covered by the ISO 9912-2 standard.

## History

The disc filter was originally developed in 1936 to filter hydraulic fluid in the B-17 bomber. In these filters, the discs were made of stainless steel and brass. In the 1960s, this type of filter began to be used in Israel to filter irrigation water.
# Amati (ritual)

Amati, also known as Ambuvachi, is a ritual followed in Kamrup and Goalpara regions in Western Assam. It is an ancient fertility cult and also incorporated into the mother goddess cult as Kamakhya as its centre.

## Practices

By tradition, during ritual days mother earth is believed passing through menstrual period and thus to be in an unclean state. Hence on those days farmers would not till the soil or plant any seeds. Orthodox widows and Brahmins(especially Rajbongshi)abstain from any food except fruits. All household article are believed to contact uncleanliness and go through a cleaning operation as Amati period is over.

## Symbolism

The idea of earth's menstruation is symbolic of the belief in her productive capacity which naturally activated after the onset of the wet weather.

## Ambuvachi Mela

The end of Amati days is celebrated with a fair known as "Ambuvachi Mela" in Kamakhya Temple complex and opening of main doors of temple after brief closure during Amati days.
# Adeyeye

Adéyẹyè is a surname of Yoruba origin meaning "the crown or royalty befits chieftaincy". Notable people with the surname include:
* Olusola Adeyeye, Nigerian biologist and politician
* Prince Adedayo Clement Adeyeye, Nigerian politician
* Festus Adeyeye
* Modupe Adeyeye, English actress
# Finstown

Finstown (locally /ˈfɪnstʊn/) is a village in the parish of Firth on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. It is the fourth-largest settlement in the Orkney Islands.
According to travel author Eric Linklater, the homes in Finstown are tidy and well cared for. This settlement is situated along the Bay of Firth, whose fringe is a shallow intertidal mudflat. The village is situated at the junction of the A965 and the A966. In 2011 it has a population of 440.

## History

Prehistoric finds have been made in the form of ancient cists, somewhat west of the primary school. Further east towards Kirkwall is the Rennibister Earth House, estimated to be 3000 years old.
Formerly called "Toon o' Firth", the origin of the Finstown name is thought to come from an Irishman named David Phin who came to the area in 1811. A soldier with the 9th Royal Veteran Battalion, he married a Kirkwall girl in 1813. In 1820, he opened an ale-house which was called the Toddy Hole by arrangement with John Miller of Millquoy. Four years later they quarrelled and Phin left for Aberdeen, but his name remained. The ale-house building is now the site of the Pomona Inn hostelry, after an old name for Mainland Orkney. The British poet Zaffar Kunial is a direct descendant of Phin and has written about Finstown and George Mackay Brown in a poem that appeared in The Dark Horse magazine (Autumn/Winter 2021).
The former Liberal Party leader Jo Grimond is buried in Finstown.

## Community

Finstown has a post office, Firth Primary School, a pub called the Pomona Inn (due to open for business again on 30 August 2024), a shop and a garage. Most of these buildings are situated on the main Stromness to Kirkwall road.
# Dana L. Cloud

Dana L. Cloud is an American communication professor. Cloud's primary research focuses on rhetoric, cultural theory, gender theory, and queer theory. She is best known for her 1998 book Control and Consolation in American Culture and Politics: Rhetoric of Therapy in which she coined the term "rhetoric of therapy".

## Early life

At Pennsylvania State University, Cloud received her B.A./B.S. English and telecommunications double major in 1986. Cloud received her M.A. in rhetorical studies from the University of Iowa in 1989. In 1992, she received her Ph.D. in Rhetorical Studies from the department of communication studies at the University of Iowa.

## Career

Cloud was a faculty member in the department of communication studies, part of the Center for Women's and Gender Studies and the Department of Rhetoric and Writing at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, from January 1993 to August 2015. Cloud served as the director of graduate studies in department of communication Studies at the University of Texas, Austin, from August 2008–2015.
From August 2015 to May 2019, Cloud was a professor and the director of graduate studies at Syracuse University.
Cloud, who was a communications and rhetorical studies professor in the College of Visual and Performing Arts at Syracuse, is a supporter of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (against Israel) movement and describes her views as radical liberalism. She has been named to various "blacklists" of professors during her career. In the Acknowledgements section of Reality Bites she acknowledges her "comrades" in the International Socialist Organization.

## Works

Cloud’s research interests include critical rhetorical and cultural studies, including Marxist theory, feminist theory, public sphere theory, and postmodernism; the rhetoric of social movements; representations of sex, gender, and race in popular media; activist scholarship; and scholarship about activism.
* 1998: Control and Consolation in American Culture and Politics: Rhetoric of Therapy. SAGE Publications.
* 2011: We are the Union: Democratic Dissent at Boeing. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
* 2018: Reality Bites: Rhetoric and the Circulation of Truth Claims in U.S. Political Culture. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
# Fiddler's Island

Fiddler's Island is an island in the River Thames at Oxford in England. It is situated south of Port Meadow on the reach above Osney Lock.
The north part of the island sits between the River Thames and the top end of Castle Mill Stream, a Thames backwater. Fiddler's Island Stream flows to the east of the southern part of the island. To the south of the island, there is a short stretch of water known as the Sheepwash Channel linking back to the Castle Mill Stream and the Oxford Canal. The Thames Path runs the length of the complete island. At the northern end, the island has a row of trees along it. On the Castle Mill Stream side there is extensive mooring. The rainbow-shaped Medley Footbridge crosses the main stream of the Thames to the west at the northern end and a flat iron Bailey bridge crosses Castle Mill Stream further south, linking it to Port Meadow to the east. A small footbridge takes the Thames Path along the bank towards Osney Bridge. The northern part of Fiddler's Island is very thin. The southern part, connected by a footbridge, is wider. To the east is Cripley Meadow, largely consisting of allotments.
Fiddler's Island was authorised for public bathing by the Oxford City Council in 1852, probably the first place in Oxford to be approved by the council.

## Gallery

* The northern part of Fiddler's Island looking downstream from Medley Footbridge
* Moorings on Fiddler's Island in the Castle Mill Stream
* The Thames Path footbridge on Fiddler's Island, looking north
* Looking south across the Thames Path footbridge
* Bailey bridge from Port Meadow to Fiddler's Island
* View looking north of the two footbridges at the northern end of Fiddler's Island, with Port Meadow on the right
* View of the two footbridges with Medley Footbridge in the background in 1979
* Thames path footbridge on Fiddler's Island during early morning snow, April 2008
# Fiery-breasted bushshrike

The fiery-breasted bushshrike (Malaconotus cruentus) is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found throughout the African tropical rainforest. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.
# Alison (C'est ma copine à moi)

"Alison (C'est ma copine à moi)", often simply known as "Alison", is a 1992 song recorded by French singer Jordy Lemoine, credited as Jordy. It was released as the second single from his debut album, Pochette Surprise (1992). It achieved some success in France and the francophone part of Belgium, where it peaked as number one, though it had not the same massive success as that of "Dur dur d'être bébé !"

## Charts performance

"Alison (C'est ma copine à moi)" first charted in Belgium (Wallonia), where it debuted at number two on 27 February 1993, then peaked at number one for three weeks in March 1993. In France, it entered the single chart straight at number four on 6 March 1993, gained one place every week, so hit number one from its fourth week, thus dislodging Whitney Houston's international hit "I Will Always Love You". It stayed for five weeks atop, then spent non consecutive four weeks at number two after being dethroned by 2 Unlimited's "No Limit"; it remained in the top ten for 15 weeks and in the top 50 for 19 weeks, dropping from number 11 to number 41 the last week. It achieved Silver status, awarded by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Additionally, it was number six in Finland, and number 22 in Belgium (Flanders). On the European Hot 100 Singles, it debuted at number 53 on 27 February 1993, reached its highest position, number 13, in its 10th and 11th weeks, and cumulated 21 weeks of presence.
# Allan Stewart (footballer)

Allan Stewart (12 April 1865 – 2 October 1907) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right half.

## Career

Born in Kilmarnock and raised in the south of Glasgow, Stewart played club football for Queen's Park and won the Scottish Cup with the club in 1890 – he scored the winning goal in the replayed final, as he had also done in that season's Glasgow Cup final (despite his defensive role, he was known for his powerful shooting from distance). Soon afterwards he quit the game and relocated to London. He had also played as a guest for Cowlairs in one competitive fixture: the final of the 1888 Glasgow Exhibition Cup, and scored in that victory too.
Stewart made two appearances for Scotland, in British Home Championship fixtures against Wales and Ireland. He featured once for the English amateur team Corinthian.
# Allan Stewart (politician)

John Allan Stewart (1 June 1942 – 7 December 2016) was a Scottish Conservative politician and Scottish Office minister.

## Early life

Stewart was born on 1 June 1942 in North Fife. He attended Bell Baxter High School in Cupar. He then studied at St. Andrews University and Harvard University, where he obtained a first class degree.

## Career

He was a lecturer in Political Economy at St. Andrews before standing unsuccessfully for the Dundee East constituency in 1970. He was briefly a councillor in the London Borough of Bromley in the mid-1970s. In the 1970s, he also acted as the Secretary of the Confederation of British Industry.
He was elected MP for East Renfrewshire in 1979. His maiden speech as an MP was in support of a motion to repeal the Scotland Act 1978, which would have established a new devolved Scottish Assembly. He served on the Scottish Affairs Select Committee for 2 years. He continued as MP for the East Refrewshire area in its successor Eastwood from 1983 until 1997. He served two periods as Under-Secretary of State for Scotland at the Scottish Office from 1981 to 1986, and from 1990 to 1995. He was responsible initially for health, home affairs and environment at the Scottish Office. After 1983, he was responsible for industry and education at the Scottish Office until he left the position in 1986. One of his final acts, while responsible for education in Scotland, was to order the phased closure of Leith Nautical College in 1986.
From 1990, he assumed responsibility for the community charge at the Scottish Office. He was described politically as an advocate of Free market ideas and a supporter of Thatcherism ideology.
Stewart was forced to resign his ministerial post after an incident in February 1995, when he brandished a pickaxe at demonstrators who were protesting at the construction of the M77 motorway. He was subsequently fined £200 by the Paisley Sheriff Court for breach of the peace and was forced to give up his position in the Scottish Office.
In March 1997, Stewart was hospitalised, in Dykebar Hospital, Paisley, after suffering a nervous breakdown and due to accusations about his personal life. He stood down, not seeking re-election to Parliament in the general election held on 1 May that year, and subsequently retired altogether from politics. Stewart died in December 2016 at the age of 74.

## Personal life

Stewart was married to a woman named Susie and they had one son, Jack, and one daughter, Rosa. It was reported that he had an affair with a woman named Catherine Knight, however he remained married to his wife until his death. It was reported late in his career that he had a serious problem with alcohol and participated in the Alcoholics Anonymous program. He was an active member of the British Hedgehog Preservation Society.
# Allan Stig Rasmussen

Allan Stig Rasmussen (born 20 November 1983) is a Danish chess grandmaster. He is a four-time Danish Chess Champion.

## Chess career

Born in 1983, Rasmussen earned his international master title in 2008 and his grandmaster title in 2009. He has won the Danish Chess Championship in 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2019.
# Alistipes

Alistipes is a Gram-negative genus of rod-shaped anaerobic bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. When members of this genus colonize the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they provide protective effects against colitis (intestinal inflammation), and cirrhosis (liver fibrosis) [citations needed]. However, this genus can also cause dysbiosis by contributing to anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and hypertension. Showcasing priority effects in microbiome assembly, when infant GI tracts have bacteria of the species Staphylococcus but not the species Faecalibacterium, Alistipes species become less capable of colonization. Alistipes, typically benign in the gut, can sometimes trigger infections like intra-abdominal abscesses and bloodstream infections, emphasizing the fine line between symbiosis and disease. This underscores the significance of comprehending their impact on human health within microbial ecosystems.

## Etymology

Alistipes is derived from the Neo-Latin noun alistipes, meaning "the other stick", which is further derived from the Latin adjective alius (other) and noun stipes (log/post).

## Species

This genus has eleven validly published species, as per the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP):
* Alistipes communis Sakamoto et al. 2020
* Alistipes dispar Sakamoto et al. 2020
* Alistipes finegoldii Rautio et al. 2003
* Alistipes hominis Liu et al. 2022
* Alistipes ihumii Pfleiderer et al. 2017
* Alistipes indistinctus Nagai et al. 2010
* Alistipes inops Shkoporov et al. 2015
* Alistipes onderdonkii Song et al. 2006
* Alistipes putredinis (Weinberg et al. 1937) Rautio et al. 2003
* Alistipes shahii Song et al. 2006
* Alistipes timonensis Lagier et al. 2014
# Alistipes finegoldii

Alistipes finegoldii is a bacterium from the genus of Alistipes which has been isolated from appendix tissue from a human from Helsinki in Finland. The species is named in honor of Sydney M. Finegold.
A. finegoldii is a gram negative straight rod shaped bacterium commonly found in the human gut biome that grows anaerobically. The general size ranges from .8 to 2 micrometers in length with rounded ends.
# Alive at the Fucker Club

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| AllMusic | |
Alive at the Fucker Club is a live album by Melvins, which was released in 1998 through Amphetamine Reptile Records. Recorded live August 23, 1997, at the Corner Hotel in Richmond, Melbourne, Australia. The Melvins opened for the Cosmic Psychos in Richmond on August 22, August 23 and 24.
The length of the first four tracks doesn't match the songs: "Boris" is 0:00 (track 1) to 5:00 (track 1), "It's Shoved" is 5:00 (track 1) to 2:10 (track 2), "Bar-X-The Rocking M" is 2:10 (track 2) to 1:26 (track 3), "Smoke on the Water (Jam)" is 1:26 (track 3) to 1:48 (track 3) and "Antitoxidote" is 1:48 (track 3) to the end of track 4. The jam of Deep Purple's "Smoke on the Water" is uncredited.

## Personnel

* Buzz Osborne – guitar, vocals
* Dale Crover – drums, vocals
* Mark Deutrom – bass, vocals
# Allen & Company

Allen & Company LLC is an American privately held boutique investment bank based at 711 Fifth Avenue, New York. The firm specializes in real estate, technology, media and entertainment.

## History

Founded in 1922 by Charles Robert Allen, Jr., he was soon joined by his brothers, Herbert A. Allen, Sr. and Harold Allen. The firm is generally regarded as a boutique advisory firm with a specific specialization in real estate and the media and entertainment sectors.
Allen & Company, which since 2002 has been run by Herbert Allen III, grandnephew of the founder, generally shies away from publicity and does not maintain a website or issue press releases, with the exception of the extensive media procured for its annual conference evidenced by its allowance of access to the conference by financial media properties such as CNBC, The Wall Street Journal and others to cover its event.
In 1973, Allen & Company bought a stake in Columbia Pictures. When the business was sold in 1982 to Coca-Cola, it netted a significant profit. Since then, Herbert Allen, Jr. has had a place on Coca-Cola's board of directors.
Since its founding in 1982, the Allen & Company Sun Valley Conference has regularly drawn high-profile attendees such as Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Rupert Murdoch, Barry Diller, Michael Eisner, Oprah Winfrey, Robert Johnson, Andy Grove, Richard Parsons, and Donald Keough.
Allen & Co. was one of ten underwriters for the Google initial public offering in 2004. In 2007, Allen was sole advisor to Activision in its $18 billion merger with Vivendi Games. In 2011, the New York Mets hired Allen & Co. to sell a minority stake of the team. That deal later fell apart. In November 2013, Allen & Co. was one of seven underwriters on the initial public offering of Twitter. Allen & Co. was the adviser of Facebook in its $19 billion acquisition of WhatsApp in February 2014.
In 2015, Allen & Co. was the advisor to Time Warner Cable in its $80 billion 2015 merger with Charter Communications, AOL in its acquisition by Verizon, Centene Corporation in its $6.8 billion acquisition of Health Net, and eBay in its separation from PayPal.
In 2016, Allen & Co was the lead advisor to Time Warner in its $108 billion acquisition by AT&T, LinkedIn for its merger talks with Microsoft, Walmart in its $3.3 billion purchase of Jet.com, and Verizon in its $4.8 billion acquisition of Yahoo!. In 2017, Allen & Co. was the advisor to Chewy.com in PetSmart's $3.35 billion purchase of the online retailer.

## Presidents/CEOs

* Charles R. Allen, Jr. (1922–1994)
* Herbert A. Allen, Jr. (1966–2002)
* Herbert A. Allen III (2002– )

## Notable former employees

* Bob Kerrey, former Senator and Governor of Nebraska
* George Tenet, former Director of the CIA
* Stephen Greenberg, son of baseball Hall of Fame Hank Greenberg
* Bill Bradley, former United States Senator and Basketball Hall of Fame
* Dara Khosrowshahi, CEO of Uber Technologies
# Aphonopelma atomicum

Aphonopelma atomicum is a species of spiders in the family Theraphosidae, found in United States (California, Nevada). Like many New World tarantulas, they flick urticating hairs at attackers if threatened.
# Elaphrus sibiricus

Elaphrus sibiricus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Elaphrinae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1844.
# Foostock

The Foostock, also known as the Ruchen, is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and St. Gallen. It lies north of Piz Sardona, on the range that separates the Sernftal from the Weisstannental.
The Foostock lies between two passes that carry hiking trails between the cantons of St. Gallen and Glarus. The Foo Pass lies to the south of the Foostock and carries a trail from Weisstannen in St. Gallen to Elm in Glarus, forming part of the Alpine Pass Route between Sargans to Montreux. The less well known Riseten Pass lies to the north of the Foostock and links Weisstannen with Matt in Glarus.