OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1899 VMI Keydets football team

The 1899 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute (VMI) in their ninth season of organized football. Sam Boyle coached his second season for the Keydets, which featured only one game—a 39–0 win over Washington and Lee. Although the team only played one game in mid-October, the squad was assembled for practice in early September.
The 1899 football season at VMI was cut short by an outbreak of typhoid fever on the campus. As reported by one account: "VMI had time to crush only Washington and Lee 39–0 before the 1899 season was abruptly ended by an outbreak of typhoid fever which closed the Institute for six weeks." On October 16, 1899, all 250 cadets were sent to their homes on account of the outbreak. At least one cadet died in the outbreak, and the school was not re-opened until November 28, 1899—after the football season had ended.
VMI's sole opponent for the year, Washington and Lee, finished the season with a record of 0–4–1. The "Keydets" of VMI handed their one opponent the biggest defeat (by score) of the season.
In the lone game of the season, W. B. "Bruce" Montgomery Jr., the captain and quarterback for VMI, scored a touchdown on an 80-yard carry. Montgomery would go on to the next season to be team captain and assist with coaching duties.
One of the individuals who played for the VMI football team in 1899 and 1900 was George C. Marshall, who went on to be Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Defense.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| October 11 | Washington and Lee | UnknownLexington, VA | W 39–0 |
# Ganoderma multipileum

Ganoderma multipileum, commonly known as lingzhi or chizhi, is a species of polypore mushroom.
Formerly known as Ganoderma lucidum, phylogenetic analyses published in 2009 revealed that G. lucidum is primarily a European species, and that the name has been incorrectly applied to Asian collections.
G. multipileum is found in tropical Asia. It has been used as a medicinal mushroom for over 2,000 years.
# Ganoderma orbiforme

Ganoderma orbiforme – most commonly known as G. boninense or just Ganoderma in oil palm pathology – is a species of polypore fungus that is widespread across southeast Asia. It is a plant pathogen that causes basal stem rot, a disease of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). The fungus was first described scientifically in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries from collections made in Guinea. Leif Ryvarden transferred it to the genus Ganoderma in 2000. In addition to its type locality, the fungus has also been collected from the Bonin Islands in the Pacific, and from Venezuela and Puerto Rico.

## Transmission

G. orbiforme is not a soil borne pathogen, meaning it does not grow in soil and does not infiltrate from soil and into the root system.$^{:417}$ It is however also not killed by soil, and will reside in dead, buried palm trunk material.$^{:417}$ This has especially been observed when Oryctes rhinoceros-infested material was buried.$^{:417}$

## Infection

G. orbiforme has a hemibiotrophic lifestyle in E. guineensis. During an invasion, E. guineensis roots stockpile salicylic acid, which is a signal to downregulate its own expression of ascorbate oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. AO and AP are reactive oxygen species scavengers, and so the total effect is to increase ROS production. This entire pathway was found by Ho et al., 2016. Increased ROS is effective against hemibiotrophs but counterproductive against necrotrophs.

## Genetics

Microsatellite markers have been developed to help identify the fungus and study the genetic diversity of G. orbiforme.

## Research

Water agar is usable for isolation of this fungus, and is the simplest and cheapest.$^{:21}$ CABI provides research and technique information for lab work with this pathogen.
# 1891–92 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season

During the 1891–92 season Hearts competed in the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.
# Gaiola (construction)

A gaiola pombalina (Pombaline cage; Portuguese pronunciation:) is a masonry building reinforced with an internal wooden cage, developed as an anti-seismic construction system in Portugal after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and implemented during the reconstruction of Lisbon Baixa (Lisbon downtown).

## Background

The catastrophic event of 1755 showed the fragility of the masonry construction, which is not able to absorb and dissipate the energy released by the earthquake. Downtown Lisbon was heavily damaged and, in anticipation of similar catastrophe, a new construction method was developed. The entire downtown was razed to make way for a rebuilding initiative, which was centered on the gaiola pombalina system. The term gaiola meant "cage" and was named after the Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the first Marquis of Pombal. He was the Portuguese minister who introduced the building method.
Features of the old buildings that survived were retained while those that did not were replaced. There are sources that cite the construction methods in shipbuilding as the inspiration of the three-dimensional wooden structure. Wood, being deformable, resists the forces of tension and compression that occur during an earthquake.

## Features

Masonry is more effective than wood in resisting fires. Therefore, incorporating a wooden structure in masonry walls combined the advantages of both types of construction. The gaiola pombalina building features a traditional timber flooring and a hybrid timber-masonry shear walls. The walls were constructed using a wooden truss system that was filled with masonry in the empty areas.
The gaiola pombalina system was also adopted by other European cities. There is the case of the palace built according to the concept of gaiola in the town of Filogaso in the Calabria region. It was the only remaining building after the town was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1783.
# Arditi (surname)

Arditi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Lior Arditi (born 1977), Israeli basketball player
* Luigi Arditi (1822–1903), Italian violinist, composer and conductor
* Binyamin Arditi (1897–1981), Austrian/Bulgarian-Israeli politician, author
* Esther Arditi (1937–2003), Israeli soldier, the only woman recipient of the Medal of Distinguished Service
* Giacomo Arditi (1815–1891), Italian historian, economist and writer
* Metin Arditi (born 1945), French-speaking Swiss writer of Turkish Sephardi origin
* Michele Arditi (1746–1838), Italian lawyer, antiquarian and archaeologist
* Moshe Arditi, Turkish-American physician
* Pierre Arditi (born 1944), French actor
* Dani Arditi (born 1951), head of the Israeli National Security Council 2007-2009
# Arditi (disambiguation)

Arditi is the name adopted by the Italian Army elite storm troops of World War I.
Arditi may also refer to:
* Arditi (surname)
* Arditi del Popolo ("People's Squads"), an Italian militant anti-fascist group
* A former name of the 9th Parachute Assault Regiment of the Italian Army
* Arditi (band), a Swedish martial industrial and neoclassical band
# Arditi–Ginzburg equations

The Arditi–Ginzburg equations describe ratio-dependent predator–prey dynamics. Where N is the population of a prey species and P that of a predator, the population dynamics are described by the following two equations:
${\begin{aligned}{\frac {dN}{dt}}&=f(N)\,N-g{\left(\!{\tfrac {N}{P}}\!\right)}P\\[4pt]{\frac {dP}{dt}}&=e\,g{\left(\!{\tfrac {N}{P}}\!\right)}P-uP\end{aligned}}$
Here f(N) captures any change in the prey population not due to predator activity including inherent birth and death rates. The per capita effect of predators on the prey population (the harvest rate) is modeled by a function g which is a function of the ratio N/P of prey to predators. Predators receive a reproductive payoff, e, for consuming prey, and die at rate u. Making predation pressure a function of the ratio of prey to predators contrasts with the prey-dependent Lotka–Volterra equations, where the per capita effect of predators on the prey population is simply a function of the magnitude of the prey population g(N). Because the number of prey harvested by each predator decreases as predators become more dense, ratio-dependent predation is a way of incorporating predator intraspecific competition for food. Ratio-dependent predation may account for heterogeneity in large-scale natural systems in which predator efficiency decreases when prey is scarce. The merit of ratio-dependent versus prey-dependent models of predation has been the subject of much controversy, especially between the biologists Lev R. Ginzburg and Peter A. Abrams. Ginzburg purports that ratio-dependent models more accurately depict predator-prey interactions while Abrams maintains that these models make unwarranted complicating assumptions. A later review critically examines the claims made about ratio-dependent predation to find that the added value of the ratio-dependent predation models is unclear and concludes that "As empirical evidence is often lacking on both functional responses and the importance of functional responses for population dynamics, there is no need to strongly favor one limit model over the others."
A recent ecology undergraduate textbook devotes about equal space to Lotka-Volterra and Arditi-Ginzburg equations. Neither prey-dependent nor ratio-dependent models can claim universal accuracy but the issue is to identify which is least wrong.
# Garfield Square

37°45′01″N 122°24′44″W﻿ / ﻿37.75020°N 122.41222°W﻿ / 37.75020; -122.41222
Garfield Square, also known as Garfield Park, is a 3.46-acre (14,000 m$^2$) city park located in the Mission District of San Francisco, California. It is bounded by 25th Street to the north, 26th Street to the south, Treat Avenue to the west, and Harrison Street to the east and was first opened in 1884. Previously the location of the Recreation Grounds baseball park which was the first professional baseball park in California, dating to 1868.
It is a relaxed park with a turf for soccer games, playground, clubhouse, picnic areas suitable for family outings. Also, it has been the site for construction of the annual Day of the Dead shrines and celebration since 1986.
Renovated in 2006, part of a private public partnership between the City of San Francisco and the non-profit City Fields Foundation, brainchild of Bill, John and Bob Fisher, the sons of Gap Inc. founder Donald Fisher.
Location of an indoor public swimming pool, the walls of the building are decorated with Precita Eyes murals, the Primal Sea on the 26th Street side and a mural with Mayan and Aztec themes inspired by Diego Rivera on the Harrison Street side. Garfield Square is located immediately adjacent to Balmy Alley, which is famous for the decorations of murals.
# Argyropeza schepmaniana

Argyropeza schepmaniana is a species of sea snail in the family Cerithiidae. It occurs in the Indian and the western Pacific Oceans.
The specific name schepmaniana is in honor of Dutch malacologist Mattheus Marinus Schepman.

## Description

The shell measures 3.8–4.6 mm (0.15–0.18 in) in length and 1.2–1.4 mm (0.047–0.055 in) in width.
# Argyropeza verecunda

Argyropeza verecunda is a species of sea snail in the family Cerithiidae. It occurs in the Indian and the western Pacific Oceans.

## Description

The shell measures 2.4–3.1 mm (0.094–0.122 in) in length and 0.9–1.1 mm (0.035–0.043 in) in width.
# Argyrophenga

Argyrophenga is a genus of butterflies that are endemic to New Zealand. It comprises three species that are found in the Southern Alps of the South Island of New Zealand.

## Species

* Argyrophenga antipodum Doubleday, 1845 – common tussock or tussock ringlet
* Argyrophenga harrisi Craw, 1978 – Harris's tussock
* Argyrophenga janitae Craw, 1978 – Janita's tussock
# 1876 Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election

The 1876 Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities by-election was fought on 6–10 November 1876. The by-election was fought due to the resignation (Lords of Appeal in Ordinary) of the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Strathearn Gordon. It was won by the Conservative candidate William Watson.
# 1876 French legislative election in Algeria

Elections to the National Assembly of France were held in Algeria on 20 February 1876 as part of the wider National Assembly elections. At that time, Algeria had three representatives in the National Assembly.

## Results

| Département | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
| Algiers | Republican Left | François Gastu | 5,822 | 64.7 | Elected |
| Algiers | Far Left | César Bertholon | 2,544 | 28.3 | – |
| Algiers | Republican Left | Pages | 525 | 5.8 | – |
| Algiers | Republican Union | Charles Bourlier | 102 | 1.1 | – |
| Algiers | | Invalid/blank votes | 307 | – | – |
| Algiers | | Total | 9,300 | 100 | – |
| Constantine | Republican Left | Alexis Lambert | 4,875 | 100 | Elected |
| Constantine | | Invalid/blank votes | 531 | – | – |
| Constantine | | Total | 5,406 | 100 | – |
| Oran | Republican Union | Rémy Jacques | 5,638 | 96.8 | Elected |
| Oran | Republican Left | Debrousse | 184 | 3.2 | – |
| Oran | | Invalid/blank votes | 423 | – | – |
| Oran | | Total | 6,245 | 100 | – |
| Source: Sternberger et al., National Assembly of France. ||||||
Lambert died on 22 January 1877. In the second round of a by-election to replace him, held on 26 April 1877, Gaston Thomson was elected with 2,963 votes against 2,654 for Fawiter (a Radical) and 2,530 for Treille.
# 18th International Emmy Awards

The 18th International Emmy Awards took place on November 19, 1990 New York City. The award ceremony, presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), honors all programming produced and originally aired outside the United States.

## Ceremony

The International Emmy Awards are presented annually by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS). In addition to the programming categories, the International Academy awards world television personalities with the Directorate Award and the Founder Award, presented to Henrikas Yushkiavitshus and Joan Ganz Cooney, respectively.

## Winners
### Best Arts Documentary

* Bookmark: From Moscow to Pietushki (United Kingdom: BBC)

### Best Children & Young People

* Living with Dinosaurs (United Kingdom: Channel 4)

### Best Documentary

* J'ai Douze Ans et Je Fais la Guerre (France: Capa/Canal+/France 3)

### Best Drama

* First and Last (United Kingdom: BBC)

### Best Performing Arts

* The Mahabharata (United Kingdom: Channel 4)

### Best Popular Arts

* Norbert Smith: A Life (United Kingdom: Channel 4)
# 1901–02 City Cup

The 1901–02 City Cup was the eighth edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Irish football.
The tournament was won by Linfield for the sixth time and third consecutive year.

## Group standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Result |
| 1 | Linfield (C) | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 21 | 6 | 3.500 | 15 | Champions |
| 2 | Glentoran | 10 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 7 | 2.000 | 14 | |
| 3 | Belfast Celtic | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 16 | 1.250 | 14 | |
| 4 | Distillery | 10 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 16 | 14 | 1.143 | 10 | |
| 5 | Ulster | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 12 | 27 | 0.444 | 4 | |
| 6 | Cliftonville | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 19 | 0.316 | 3 | |
# Gambetta

Gambetta may refer to:
* Gambetta (surname)
* Gambetta (Paris Métro)
* Gambetta tram stop, in Bordeaux
* French armoured cruiser Léon Gambetta, ship of the French Navy, 1901–1915
* Léon Gambetta class cruiser, class of ships of the French Navy
# Gambero Rosso (restaurant)

Gambero Rosso was a restaurant in San Vincenzo, Tuscany. Its chef was Fulvio Pierangelini.
The restaurant was voted 12th best in the world in Restaurant Top 50 2008, and was awarded 2 stars by the Michelin Guide.
It was closed in November 2008.
# 1901–02 Cornell Big Red men's basketball team

The 1901–02 Cornell Big Red men's basketball team represented Cornell University during the 1901–02 college men's basketball season. The team captain William Steele.

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| 1/13/1902* | Waverly YMCA | W 37–28 | 1–0 | Ithaca, NY |
| 1/17/1902 | at Princeton | L 14–35 | 1–1 (0–1) | University Gymnasium New Brunswick, NJ |
| 1/18/1902 | at Harvard | W 34–26 | 2–1 (1–1) | Cambridge, MA |
| 1/24/1902 | Harvard | L 20–26 | 2–2 (1–2) | Ithaca, NY |
| 2/14/1902 | at Yale | L 16–42 | 2–3 (1–3) | New Haven, CT |
| 2/15/1901 | at Williams | L 14–18 | 2–4 | Williamstown, MA |
| 3/3/1902* | Yale | W 24–14 | 3–4 (2–3) | Ithaca, NY |
| 3/7/1902* | at Colgate | W 39–29 | 4–4 | Hamilton, NY |
| 3/8/1902* | at Hamilton | W 27–16 | 5–4 | Hamilton, NY |
| 3/16/1902* | at Princeton | T 12–12 | 5–5 (2–4) | Ithaca, NY |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. |||||
# Garni Gorge

The Garni Gorge is situated 23.3 kilometres (14.5 mi) east of Yerevan, Armenia, just below the village of the same name. The Garni Gorge is protected by law and listed as a natural monument. On a promontory above the gorge the first-century AD Temple of Garni may be seen. Before Armenia converted to Christianity in 301 AD, Greek gods were worshipped at this temple. Along the sides of the gorge are cliff walls of well-preserved basalt columns, carved out by the Goght River. This portion of the Garni Gorge is typically referred to as the "Symphony of the Stones." It is most easily reached via a road that leads left down the gorge just before reaching the temple of Garni. Another road leads to the gorge through the village, down a cobblestone road, and into the valley. Once in the valley, turning right will lead to Garni Gorge, an 11th-century medieval bridge, and the "Symphony of the Stones". Taking a left will lead along the river past a fish hatchery, up to the Khosrov Forest State Reserve, and a little further Havuts Tar Monastery.
The ancient Geghard Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is also within walking distance. Partially carved into the mountain, the monastery has existed since the fourth century AD. The main cathedral was built much later, in the thirteenth century.

## Gallery

* Example of basalt columns ("Symphony of the Stones") along Garni gorge
* Garni valley
* Garni stream
* Symphony of stones
* Panoramic view of Garni Gorge and the "Symphony of the Stones" basalt rock formations
# Arhopaloscelis bifasciatus

Arhopaloscelis bifasciatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Kraatz in 1879. It is known from China, Japan, Russia, and Siberia.
# Arhopalus hispaniolae

Arhopalus hispaniolae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1942.
# Arhopalus

Arhopalus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, the longhorn beetles, in the tribe Asemini.

## Species

BioLib lists:
* Arhopalus asperatus (LeConte, 1859)
* Arhopalus biarcuatus Pu, 1981
* Arhopalus brunneus (Gardner, 1942)
* Arhopalus cavatus Pu, 1981
* Arhopalus coreanus (Sharp, 1905)
* Arhopalus cubensis (Mutchler, 1914)
* Arhopalus deceptor (Sharp, 1905)
* Arhopalus exoticus (Sharp, 1905)
* Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant, 1839)
* Arhopalus foveatus Chiang, 1963
* Arhopalus foveicollis (Haldeman, 1847)
* Arhopalus hispaniolae (Fisher, 1942)
* †Arhopalus pavitus (Cockerell, 1927)
* Arhopalus pinetorum (Wollaston, 1863)
* Arhopalus productus (LeConte, 1850)
* Arhopalus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
* Arhopalus syriacus (Reitter, 1895)
* Arhopalus tibetanus (Sharp, 1905)
* Arhopalus tobirensis Hayashi, 1968
# 1901 Rhode Island Rams football team

The 1901 Rhode Island Rams football team represented the University of Rhode Island in the 1901 college football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Marshall Tyler, they finished the season with a record of 0–2.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| November 3 | at Connecticut* | Athletic FieldsStorrs, CT (rivalry) | L 0–27 |
| November 17 | Brown sophomores* | Kingston, RI (rivalry) | L 0–10 |
| *Non-conference game ||||
# Aricia anteros

Aricia anteros, the blue argus, is a European butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It has a wingspan of 30–34 mm. In Europe it can be found in Macedonia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Ukraine and in Turkey. Its primary larval food plants are Geranium sanguineum and Geranium macrorrhizum .

## Description from Seitz

The males dusted with a very bright metallic blue as far as the narrow black margin, with a small but distinct discocellular spot on the forewing. Male resembling astrarche above, the female on both sides, but the underside with more prominent and larger spots, the discal row of ocelli on the forewing more curved. Especially on the Balkan Peninsula, in Asia Minor and Syria. European specimens bear often some small red spots on the upperside of the hindwing before the outer margin; this is ab. pupillata Aign. — crassipunctata Christ. are Armenian specimens with the discocellular spot of the forewing above much enlarged. — Not rare in June and July, in Europe often restricted to the mountains.
# Garry Hart, Baron Hart of Chilton

Garry Richard Rushby Hart, Baron Hart of Chilton (29 June 1940 – 3 August 2017), was a British Labour politician. From 1998 to 2007, he was Expert and then Special Adviser to the Lord Chancellor, first Lord Irvine of Lairg and then Lord Falconer of Thoroton.

## Education

Hart was educated at Northgate Grammar School for Boys, Ipswich and University College London

## Professional career

Before entering public service Hart was a highly successful planning solicitor with Herbert Smith. His appointment in 1998 was the subject of some controversy, but he was regarded as having a very beneficial influence on Lord Irvine, and serving also as a source of sound advice to Lord Falconer when the latter became Lord Chancellor in 2003. Hart helped guide the Lord Chancellor's Department as it became the Department for Constitutional Affairs, and again as it became the Ministry of Justice.
He was created a life peer on 4 June 2004 taking the title Baron Hart of Chilton, of Chilton in the County of Suffolk.
When Lord Falconer resigned in 2007, Lord Hart left his appointment. He had not spoken in the House of Lords following his peerage as this was considered inconsistent with his Government role. However, in 2007 he seconded the motion on the Queen's Speech in a well received contribution.

## Personal life

Lord Hart married first, in 1966, Paula Shepherd. They had two sons and a daughter. The marriage was dissolved in 1986. He married, secondly, in 1986, Valerie Davies, a lawyer. They had twin daughters.
Lord Hart lived in Chilton Hall in Suffolk with his second wife. Lord Hart was also godfather to Tony Blair's daughter Kathryn.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Garry Hart, Baron Hart of Chilton :
* Adopted2007
* CoronetCoronet of a Baron
* CrestA Dragon sejant Gules armed langued and supporting with the dexter foreclaws a Sword point downwards Or
* EscutcheonOr three Cross Crosslets fitchy in fess Sable the lower limb of each surmounted by a Rose Gules seeded Or
* SupportersOn either side a Suffolk Punch Gules the tail and mane plaited and tied with Ribbons Or
* MottoRISUS SAPIENTIAM EFFECIT
* BadgeA Suffolk Punch's Head caboshed Gules holding in the mouth a Rose to the sinister Gules barbed seeded leaved and slipped Or
* SymbolismThe Crest contains a Welsh allusion with the sword of justice reflecting the law. The cross crosslets are derived from the Arms of a family of Crane; and the rose for England is also an allusion to Cardinal Wolsey. Like many grantees, the ownership and breeding of animals provides for Crest and Supporter material.