OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Fred Norris Robinson

Fred Norris Robinson (April 4, 1871 – July 21, 1966), professionally known as F. N. Robinson, was an eminent American Celticist and scholar of Geoffrey Chaucer.

## Biography

Robinson received his B.A. (1891), M.A. (1892), and PhD (1894) from Harvard University, working with the eminent medievalists Francis James Child and George Lyman Kittredge. In 1936, after appointments at Harvard as instructor (1894), assistant professor (1902), and professor (1906), he succeeded his thesis adviser, Kittredge, as Gurney Professor of English. In 1895, he spent a year abroad at the University of Freiburg, Germany, working with Rudolph Turneysen, one of the founders of Celtic Philology. He received honorary doctorates from the National University of Ireland and the University of Dublin, was an honorary member of the Royal Irish Academy and also the Consultative Committee of the Irish Texts Society. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1911 and the American Philosophical Society in 1944.

## Scholarly achievements

Robinson's main scholarly achievement was the publication, after 29 years of preparatory work, of the most influential edition of The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (1933; second edition, 1957, published under slightly different titles). The 1987 Riverside Chaucer, while revised and re-edited by several colleagues, is greatly indebted to his work. These three editions have facilitated more students' first contact with the medieval author than any other editions of Chaucer. Moreover, Robinson's work as editor contributed to the move of Chaucer studies from Europe to North America.
Robinson essentially established Celtic Studies in the United States. From 1896 at Harvard, he taught the US's first classes in Irish and continued them until the chair in Celtic Studies was established there. He amassed a voluminous collection of books related to Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Breton and Manx language and literature, which he bequeathed to Harvard University's Widener Library. As a result, the university has the world's most comprehensive collection of works in the Celtic Studies field.

## Select publications

* The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. F.N. Robinson (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1933).
* The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, ed. F.N. Robinson (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957).

## Literature

* Daniel Donoghue, “The History of English Medieval Studies at Harvard University,” Medieval English Newsletter 28 (June 1993): 1–3.
* Richard Utz, “The Colony Writes Back: F.N. Robinson’s Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer (1933) and the Translatio of Chaucer Studies to the United States.” Studies in Medievalism 19 (2010): 160-203.
# Frederick Field (scholar)

Frederick Field (1801–1885) was an English theologian and biblical scholar.

## Life

He was born in London, the son of Henry Field, and educated at Christ's Hospital and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship in 1824. He was ordained in 1828, and began a close study of patristic theology.
Eventually he published an emended and annotated text of Chrysostom's Homiliae in Matthaeum (Cambridge, 1839), and some years later he contributed to Edward Pusey's Bibliotheca Patrum (Oxford, 1838–1870), a similarly treated text of Chrysostom's homilies on Paul's epistles.
In 1839 he had accepted the living of Great Saxham, in Suffolk, and in 1842 he was presented by his college to the rectory of Reepham in Norfolk. He resigned in 1863, and settled at Norwich, in order to devote his whole time to study.
Twelve years later he completed the Origenis Hexaplorum quae supersunt (Oxford, 1867–1875), now well known as Field's Hexapla, a text reconstructed from the extant fragments of Origen's work of that name, together with materials drawn from the Syro-hexaplar version and the Septuagint of Robert Holmes and James Parsons (Oxford, 1798–1827). Field was appointed a member of the Old Testament revision company in 1870.
In 1881, when the Revision of the New Testament was printed, Field published Notes on select passages of the Greek Testament : chiefly with reference to recent English versions, in which he criticized many of the changes in the New Testament revision (the Old Testament was not published till 1885). Many he saw as incorrect grammatically, stylistically or textually and Field referred to "needless and finical changes" This book was reprinted posthumously in 1899 with additions by the author, under the title Notes on the translation of the New Testament. Included in the expanded edition was an 1882 defense of the Received Text reading of 1 Timothy 3:16. John William Burgon referred to the 1881 edition as a "masterly contribution to Sacred Criticism".
# Frazar

Frazar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harrison Frazar (born 1971), American golfer
* Lether Frazar (1904–1960), American politician
# Frederick G. Strickland

Frederick G. Strickland was a 19th-century American Christian socialist. Strickland believed in social service as a method of redefining the Christian religion, as a method of "Social Redemption", under the presumption that it could become the "most evangelical religion". He would lecture at colleges to express his views, with at least the Religious Association of Defiance College being one.
# Anthela brunneilinea

Anthela brunneilinea is a moth of the Anthelidae family. It is found on the Kei Islands.
# Anomalosa

Anomalosa is a genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described in 1960 by Carl Friedrich Roewer. The type species is Anomalosa kochi.
The genus is endemic to Australia and found in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.
As of 2017, it contains 2 Australian species.
# Free Bolivia Movement

The Free Bolivia Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Bolivia Libre) is a progressive political party in Bolivia. The party was formed on January 15, 1985, following a split in MIR. Initially the party was known as MIR Bolivia Libre. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won in alliance with the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement 26.9% of the popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 seats in the Senate.
# Antherophagus

Antherophagus is a genus of silken fungus beetles in the family Cryptophagidae. There are at least four described species in Antherophagus.
ITIS Taxonomic note:

## Species

* Antherophagus convexulus LeConte, 1863
* Antherophagus ochraceus Melsheimer, 1844
* Antherophagus pallidivestis Casey, 1900
* Antherophagus suturalis Mäklin, 1853
# Freeway Fighter

Freeway Fighter is a single-player roleplaying gamebook written by Ian Livingstone, illustrated by Kevin Bulmer and originally published in 1985 by Puffin Books. It was later republished by Wizard Books in 2005. It forms part of Steve Jackson and Ian Livingstone's Fighting Fantasy series. It is the 13th in the series in the original Puffin series (ISBN 0-14-031710-4) and 23rd in the modern Wizard series (ISBN 1-84046-565-4).

## Rules

Freeway Fighter was the first Fighting Fantasy title after House of Hell to feature an additional game mechanic: both the player's character and their vehicle have attributes for combat, as there is a combination of both individual and vehicle-based combat. The player's vehicle must also be continually supplied with petrol, with the fuel gauge reaching zero resulting in failure and ending the game. The title also features only 380 references as opposed to the typical 400.

## Story

Freeway Fighter is a science-fiction adventure scenario in which the hero must journey through the wilderness to find needed supplies from an oil refinery, to save his town New Hope. Game designer Lawrence Schick describes the scenario as being the same type as Mad Max or Car Wars.
The story takes places in a post-apocalyptic United States, after much of the world's population has fallen victim to a deadly plague. The survivors huddle together in isolated settlements, while the roads are dominated by lawless nomads in heavily armed vehicles. The player takes the role of a citizen of the town New Hope who must drive their armed Dodge Interceptor motorcar across the wastes in order to procure a tanker filled with a fresh supply of petrol for their community. The story also provides a secondary quest: locating and rescuing a kidnapped New Hope leader from outlaws.

## Comic

A comic series based on Freeway Fighter was published by Titan Comics in May 2017.
# Ansistaria

Ansistaria is a genus of African crab spiders first described by Danniella Sherwood in 2022. As of July 2022 it contains only two species.
# Frederick Collard

Frederick Collard may refer to:
* Frederick William Collard (1772–1860), British piano manufacturer
* Fred Collard (1912–1986), Australian politician
# Antiguraleus galatea

Antiguraleus galatea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 2.4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs of West Transkei, South Africa
# Antiguraleus makaraensis

Antiguraleus makaraensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
A.G. Beu (2009) adopted Probebela for all the southern hemisphere taxa previously referred to Antiguraleus.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 3 mm.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species occurred in the North Island, New Zealand.
# Anthrenus picturatus

Anthrenus picturatus is a species of carpet beetle in the family Dermestidae. The species is usually known from regions of Russia, Eastern Europe and Asia (from Turkey to China).
Currently, 4 subspecies are being recognized with the following distribution:
* Anthrenus picturatus picturatus (Solsky, 1876) – Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Turkey; Afghanistan, Caucasus region, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Introduced to Corsica and South Africa (Pretoria)
* Anthrenus picturatus arabicus (Háva & Herrmann, 2006) – Yemen
* Anthrenus picturatus hintoni (Mroczkowski, 1952) – China (Beijing, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shangdong, Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia; Russia (Stavropol)
* Anthrenus picturatus melanoleucus (Solsky, 1876) – Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
A subspecies Anthrenus picturatus makolskii (Mroczkowski, 1950) was previously recognized but it is now considered as synonym of Anthrenus picturatus picturatus.
# Anton Kotonen

Anton Kotonen (1876–1936) was a jurist who played an active role in shaping the Finland's governmental form. He was a member of the Parliament for the Social Democratic Party of Finland and served as the minister of justice between 1928 and 1929.

## Early life and education

Kotonen was born in Virolahti in 1876. He obtained a degree in law in 1902.

## Career

Kotonen became a deputy judge in 1905. He was the mayor of Sortavala for one year between 1904 and 1905. Then he acted as the chief Legal adviser of the town from 1906 to 1907. He also began to work as a lawyer from 1906.
Kotonen was first elected to the Parliament for the Social Democratic Party on 1 June 1909, and his term ended on 1 February 1914. He was again elected as a deputy on 1 April 1919 and served at the Parliament until 4 September 1922.
Kotonen was one of the three members of the committee which designed the Finland's republican form of government in 1917. The other committee members were Kaarlo Juhani Ståhlberg and Rabbe Axel Wrede. Kotonen was a member of the legislative council in Helsinki from 1921 to 1928. He was the secretary of the Parliament between 1929 and 1936.
Kotonen was appointed minister of justice on 22 December 1928 and was in office until 18 February 1929.

## Death

Kotonen died in Helsinki in 1936.
# Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau

Gerrit Jan van Ingen Schenau (13 September 1944, Leiden – 2 April 1998, Weteringbrug) was a Dutch biomechanist. He made large contributions to the field of biomechanics, particularly muscle coordination, energetics of movement, and the functions of biarticular muscles. He focused on speed skating in particular, and played a significant part in the invention of the clap skate.
He died of cancer in 1998.
# Fannia serena

Fannia serena is a species of fly in the family Fanniidae. It is found in the Palearctic. For identification see
# Fantozzi va in pensione

Fantozzi va in pensione ("Fantozzi Retires") is a 1988 Italian comedy film directed by Neri Parenti. It is the sixth chapter in the Fantozzi film series of the unlucky clerk Ugo Fantozzi, played by its creator, Paolo Villaggio.

## Plot

The accountant Fantozzi has reached the retirement age and left the work: he is now finally free from the stress of work but boredom seems to take over. He then tries the political activity, adopts a "puppy", goes on a trip to Venice, tries to find new jobs. He eventually came back to work at his former company in exchange for his pension.

## Cast

* Paolo Villaggio as Ugo Fantozzi
* Milena Vukotic as Pina Fantozzi
* Gigi Reder as Filini
* Plinio Fernando as Mariangela Fantozzi / Uga Fantozzi
* Anna Mazzamauro as Mrs. Silvani
* Paul Muller as Duke Count Francesco Maria Barambani
* Antonio Allocca as The Examiner
* Pino Ferrara as Accountant Fonelli
* Albano Bufalini as Mr. Colsi
# Alexander Gottschalk

Alexander Gottschalk is Professor of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology at the Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany.

## Scientific career

Alexander Gottschalk studied chemistry, biochemistry and immunology at Goethe University in Frankfurt, Philipps University in Marburg and University of Edinburgh, UK. His PhD thesis (Dr. rer. nat.) was conducted in the laboratory of Reinhard Lührmann at the University of Marburg. As a postdoctoral fellow, he worked with William R. Schafer at UC San Diego to study the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans. In 2004, he became an independent research group leader in Frankfurt. In 2010, he was awarded a Heisenberg-Professor position and became Full Professor for Molecular Cell Biology and Neurobiochemistry in 2016. His research group is located at the Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences.

## Research

Alexander Gottschalk studies the neuronal control of behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In 2005, he demonstrated that neuronal expression of the light-gated channel Channelrhodpsin-2 allows controlling the movement of an intact animal with blue light, making him one of the pioneers of Optogenetics. Working with Georg Nagel, he developed optogenetic tools to modulate the second messenger cGMP. He is the coordinator of Priority Programme SPP1926, 'Next Generation Optogenetics' of the German Research Foundation.

## Prizes and awards

* 2005 Career Development Award of the Human Frontier Science Program
* 2008 Schram Award
# 1839 in architecture

The year 1839 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

## Events

* May – Cambridge Camden Society is established in England by John Mason Neale, Alexander Hope and Benjamin Webb to promote Gothic architecture; also this year the Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society is founded as the Society for Promoting the Study of Gothic Architecture.

## Buildings and structures
### Buildings completed

* Ponce Cathedral, Puerto Rico
* St Mary's Church, Derby, England (Roman Catholic), designed by Augustus Pugin
* St Francis Xavier Church, Hereford, England (Roman Catholic), designed by Charles Day
* Upper Brook Street Chapel, Manchester, England (Unitarian), designed by Charles Barry
* Halifax County Courthouse (Virginia), designed by Dabney Cosby
* Old Customshouse (Erie, Pennsylvania), designed by William Kelly
* Lyceum (Alexandria, Virginia)
* Åbo Svenska Teater, Åbo (Turku), Finland
* Pulkovo Observatory, Russia
* Söderarm, lighthouse, Sweden
* Nine Elms railway station, London, designed by William Tite
* Avon, Maidenhead and Moulsford Railway Bridges on the Great Western Railway of England, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel
* Queen's Tower (Sheffield), England, a house designed by Woodhead & Hurst
* Wrest Park near Silsoe, Bedfordshire, England, a house designed by Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey, for himself

## Awards

* Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: Hector Lefuel.

## Births

* May 17 – Alexander Davidson, Scottish architect active in Australia (died 1908)
* June 13
** Robert William Edis, English architect and interior decorator (died 1927)
** Ernest George, English architect and painter (died 1922)
* October 8 – George Gilbert Scott Jr., English architect (died 1897)
* October 29 – Imre Steindl, Hungarian architect (died 1902)
* November 12 – Frank Furness, American architect (died 1912)

## Deaths

* January 24 – Michele Cachia, Maltese architect and military engineer (born 1760)
* May 22 – William Atkinson, English Gothic Revival country house architect (born 1774/5)
* August 31 – William Wilkins, English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist (born 1778)
* November 15 – Giocondo Albertolli, Swiss-born architect, painter and sculptor active in Italy (born 1743)
# Apostolic Delegation to the Antilles

The Apostolic Delegation to the Antilles represents the interests of the Holy See to officials of the Catholic Church, civil society, and government offices in several nations in the region with which the Holy See has not established diplomatic relations. The position of Apostolic Delegate is not a diplomatic one, though the Delegate is a member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See.
On 7 December 1925 Pope Pius XI established a Delegation to the Antilles seated in Havana with responsibility for the greater and lesser Antilles. After thirteen years the Holy See determined that no one individual could be expected to visit the remote locations of the Antilles by boat and divided responsibly for the Greater and Lesser Antilles among several nunciatures and delegations. On 10 August 1938, the Holy See suppressed the Delegation to the Antilles and divided responsibility with the following assignments: Jamaica and British Honduras to the Nunciature to Cuba; Barbados and the islands belonging to Venezuela to the Nunciature to Venezuela; the rest of the Lesser Antilles and the island of Puerto Rico and its associated territories to the jointly led Nunciatures to the Dominican Republic and Haiti; Bermuda to the Delegation to Canada and Newfoundland; and the Bahamas to the Delegation to the United States.
On 19 March 1975, Pope Paul VI established the Delegation to the Antilles once more, this time seated in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Its area of competence has grown ever smaller with the establishment of nunciatures in countries in the Antilles, including Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago.
The title Apostolic Delegate to the Antilles is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago; he resides in Trinidad and Tobago.

## Papal representatives to Antilles

* George J. Caruana (22 December 1925 – 10 August 1938)
* Luigi Conti (1 August 1975 – 9 February 1980)
* Paul Fouad Tabet (9 February 1980 – 11 February 1984)
* Manuel Monteiro de Castro (16 February 1985 – 21 August 1990)
* Eugenio Sbarbaro (7 February 1991 – 26 April 2000)
* Emil Paul Tscherrig (8 July 2000 – 22 May 2004)
* Thomas Edward Gullickson (2 October 2004 – 21 May 2011)
* Nicola Girasoli (29 October 2011 – 16 June 2017)
* Fortunatus Nwachukwu (4 November 2017 – 17 December 2021)
* Santiago de Wit Guzmán (30 July 2022 – present)
# &moshik

&moshik, formerly &samhoud places, was a fine-dining restaurant in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The restaurant was awarded two Michelin stars for 2013. However it owed this rating to the past performance of its head chef as the restaurant was opened too briefly for a thorough review. In November 2013, the restaurant was again awarded two stars, this time under their own power. It closed down in May 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic crisis forced it into bankruptcy.
The head chef of &moshik was Moshik Roth, one of the leading molecular chefs in the Netherlands. The restaurant was the successor of 't Brouwerskolkje in Overveen.
&moshik was a cooperation between Israeli chef Moshik Roth and entrepreneur Salem Samhoud. They created an up scale restaurant on the so-called "Oosterdokseiland". In the new building, the restaurant comprised a lounge and restaurant over two floors. Mid January 2018 the restaurant changed name to &moshik to avoid confusion with other companies in the "&samhoud group".
# Diving at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 10 metre platform

The Men's 10 metre platform competition at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships was held on 8 and 9 September 1973.

## Results

Green denotes finalists
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Preliminary | Preliminary | Final | Final |
| Rank | Diver | Nationality | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| | Klaus Dibiasi | Italy | 526.77 | 1 | 559.53 | 1 |
| | Keith Russell | United States | 519.99 | 2 | 523.74 | 2 |
| | Falk Hoffman | East Germany | 460.83 | 7 | 492.15 | 3 |
| 4 | Giorgio Cagnotto | Italy | 507.93 | 4 | 492.06 | 4 |
| 5 | Nikolay Mikhailin | Soviet Union | 515.05 | 3 | 484.05 | 5 |
| 6 | Tim Moore | United States | 491.88 | 5 | 484.02 | 6 |
| 7 | David Ambartsumyan | Soviet Union | 485.91 | 6 | 479.97 | 7 |
| 8 | Scott Cranham | Canada | 456.91 | 8 | 470.88 | 8 |
| 9 | Carlos Girón | Mexico | 454.47 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 10 | Milton Machado | Brazil | 448.32 | 10 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 11 | José Robinson | Mexico | 445.86 | 11 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 12 | Jacques Deschouwer | France | 442.08 | 12 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 13 | Ken Grove | Australia | 434.61 | 13 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 14 | Paulo Costa | Brazil | 418.32 | 14 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 15 | Wagid Abu El-Soud | Egypt | 413.70 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 16 | Martyn Brown | Great Britain | 413.28 | 16 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 17 | José Vitari | Ecuador | 412.11 | 17 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 18 | Niki Stajkovic | Austria | 406.14 | 18 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 19 | Glenn Grout | Canada | 405.75 | 19 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 20 | Wolfram Ristam | East Germany | 381.09 | 20 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 21 | Frank Dufficy | Great Britain | 326.88 | 21 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 22 | Dragan Dumic | Yugoslavia | 313.62 | 22 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 23 | Nelson Suárez | Ecuador | 302.43 | 23 | did not advance | did not advance |
| 24 | Gaber Brane | Yugoslavia | 302.10 | 24 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Dvakačovice

Dvakačovice is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
# Ghazzat hoard

The Ghazzat hoard or Gaza hoard is a hoard of about 30 Archaic and early Classical Greek and Lycian silver coins discovered underwater near the shore of Gaza, Palestine.
The coins belong to a rather narrow period, from the end of the 6th century BCE, to the first quarter of the 5th century BCE (circa 510-475 BCE). The suggested deposition date for the entire hoard is circa 480 BCE.
There is a large proportion of Macedonian, Thracian and Chalcidian coins in the hoard, the presence of which is considered as a consequence of the invasion of the Balkans by the Achaemenid Empire between 514-479 BCE. Alternatively, they may have diffused mainly after the Greco-Persian wars.