OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eucalyptus camfieldii

Eucalyptus camfieldii, commonly known as Camfield's stringybark or heart-leaved stringybark, is a species of mallee or small tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has rough, fibrous and stringy bark, broadly lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of about eleven, white flowers and flattened hemispherical fruit. It grows in poor, sandy soil in the Sydney region.

## Description

Eucalyptus camfieldii is a usually a mallee that grows to a height of 4 m (13 ft) but sometimes a straggly tree to 10 metres (33 ft). It forms a lignotuber up to 20 m (66 ft) across with a number of stems. It has persistent, grey or brownish, stringy and fibrous bark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have heart-shaped to almost round leaves 25–42 mm (0.98–1.7 in) long and 23–35 mm (0.9–1 in) wide. Adult leaves are broadly lance-shaped, the same glossy green on both sides, 60–110 mm (2.4–4.3 in) long and 18–40 mm (0.7–2 in) wide on a petiole 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long. The flowers are borne in groups of between nine and fifteen in leaf axils on a flattened peduncle 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long but the individual buds are sessile. Mature buds are oval to oblong, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering mainly occurs from August to November and the flowers are white. The fruit are woody flattened hemispherical capsules crowded together, 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide with the valves roughly level with the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus camfieldii was first formally described in 1920 by Joseph Maiden and the description was published in Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales from a specimen collected near Middle Harbour. The specific epithet ( camfieldii) honours Julius Henry Camfield (1852–1916), who worked in the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney from 1882 until 1916.

## Distribution and habitat

Camfield's stringybark is restricted to poor, shallow sandy soil on ridges and some headlands between the Norah Head and Waterfall in New South Wales.

## Conservation status

This eucalypt is classified as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species are loss of habitat due to land clearing, inappropriate fire regimes and weed invasion.
# Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16

The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed.

## Development

Akaflieg Stuttgart wanted to build a glider with reasonable performance that was safe and simple to fly, the result was the fs16. The design employed a cantilever wing attached to the top of the fuselage; the rear portion of the fuselage was raised, similar to the Akaflieg Stuttgart F.1. The fs16 as constructed had no vertical tail, but used pivoting panels on the wingtips for roll and yaw control. It had no tail-skid, using a single large skid under the front fuselage with a spur extending rearwards for support and stability on the ground. Flight characteristics with the rotating wing-tip panels were not as expected so a conventional vertical fin on an extended rear fuselage, and ailerons constructed from fabric-covered Duralumin on the outer wing trailing edges, were added after initial flights.

## Specifications

Data from Flugzeug-Typenbuch. Handbuch der deutschen Luftfahrt- und Zubehör-Industrie 1944
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 6.13 m (20 ft 1 in)
* Wingspan: 15.78 m (51 ft 9 in)
* Height: 2.14 m (7 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 13.3 m$^2$ (143 sq ft)
* Length de-rigged: 5.3 m (17 ft)
* Width de-rigged (without tailplane): 0.6 m (2 ft 0 in)
* Width de-rigged (with tailplane): 2.83 m (9 ft 3 in)
* Height de-rigged: 1.12 m (3 ft 8 in)
* Aspect ratio: 18.5
* Airfoil: root: NACA 2318; mid-span NACA 2312 tip: NACA 0012
* Empty weight: 144 kg (317 lb)
* Gross weight: 230 kg (507 lb)
Performance
* Never exceed speed: 120 km/h (75 mph, 65 kn)
* g limits: +8 (ultimate)
* Maximum glide ratio: 24 at 65 km/h (40 mph; 35 kn)
* Rate of sink: 0.8 m/s (160 ft/min) at 55 km/h (34 mph; 30 kn)
* Wing loading: 17.5 kg/m$^2$ (3.6 lb/sq ft)

## Similar aircraft

* Schleicher Rhönadler
# Air Operations Command (Argentina)

The Air Force Training and Readiness Command is a command of the Argentine Air Force based in the "Cóndor" Building, City of Buenos Aires.

## History
### Organic

The Argentine Air Force created the Air Operations Command on December 15, 1966, over the Air Combat Command and the General Anti-Aircraft Defense Command. The military branch sought to grow its operational capacity while rationalizing it.
In 1968 the command established its headquarters in the Cóndor Building, Buenos Aires.

### Operations
#### State terrorism

For the repression of the opponents, the Air Operations Command established the Internal Framework Group Command (CAMI) in order to lead the groups that operated in the provinces where there were Air Force units.

#### Malvinas War

The Air Operations Command led by Brigadier Major Hellmuth Weber prepared a contingency plan in January 1982 in case Argentina had war with the United Kingdom after Operation Rosario ordered by the Military Junta. This plan, called "Plan Blue and White", was ready on March 25, 1982. Weber managed to obtain permission from the dictator Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri to deploy the Argentine Air Force to Patagonian airports. The COA established the Strategic Air Command.
On January 1, 2011, the Air Operations Command acquired the name "Air Force Training and Readiness Command."
# Aiouea macedoana

Aiouea macedoana is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is endemic to Brazil.
# Aiouea lehmannii

Aiouea lehmannii is a species of plant in the family Lauraceae. It is found in Brazil and Colombia.
# Estadio Capitán San Luis

Estadio Capitán San Luis is a multi-use stadium in Pinar del Río, Cuba.

## History

Inaugurated the 19 of January 1969, the stadium has a capacity of 8,000 spectators. The stadium is mostly used for baseball games and is the home of the Pinar del Rio Baseball team. Previously, it was the home of Vegueros and Forestales baseball teams and Pinar del Rio, a football team. The football team's home field is now "La Bombonera" in San Cristóbal.
# Eucelatoria striolata

Eucelatoria striolata is a species of tachinid fly in the genus Eucelatoria of the family Tachinidae.
# Esther Olavarria

Esther Olavarria is a Cuban American attorney. Born in Cuba, she emigrated to the United States in 1962 with her family.

## Career

Esther Olavarria has worked in the immigration and refugee field for decades at nonprofit organizations and in the federal government. She began her career as an immigration attorney in Miami, Florida, working at various non-profit organizations representing asylum seekers and immigrants. Between 1986 and 1998 she was a staff attorney for the Haitian Refugee Center, co-founder and managing attorney of the Florida Immigrant Advocacy Center, and on staff with Legal Services of Greater Miami as directing attorney with the American Immigration Lawyer Pro Bono Project. Moving to Washington, DC in 1998, she served for as Senator Edward Kennedy's immigration counsel on the Senate Judiciary Committee, where she worked on a broad range of initiatives, including common sense immigration reform. Joining the Obama administration in 2009, Esther served in senior positions at the Department of Homeland Security and the White House Domestic Policy Council, where she helped craft administrative and legislative initiatives. She has also worked for the Immigration Hub, the Center for American Progress and the UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency.
In November 2020, Olavarria was named a volunteer member of the Joe Biden presidential transition Agency Review Team to support transition efforts related to the Department of Homeland Security.
She received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Florida in 1983 and her Juris Doctor degree from the University of Florida Levin College of Law in 1986. Currently, Olavarria is an independent consultant in Washington, DC.
Olavarria was featured in the documentary series How Democracy Works Now: Twelve Stories from filmmakers Shari Robertson and Michael Camerini. A version of the film premiered on HBO in March 2010, under the title "The Senator's Bargain".
Other films she appears in through the series include:
* Story 5: "The Kids Across the Hill"
* Story 7: "Ain't the AFL for Nothin'"
* Story 8: "The Road to Miami"
* Story 11: "The Senate Speaks"
# Eupithecia extraversaria

Eupithecia extraversaria is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in most of Europe, except Fennoscandia, Estonia, northern Russia, Great Britain and Ireland. It is also found in Iran.
The wingspan is about 15–17 mm. Adults are on wing from June to the beginning of August.
The larvae feed on the flowers of various Apiaceae species, including Pimpinella saxifraga, Bupleurum, Pastinaca, Angelica and Peucedanum species. Larvae can be found from the end of July to the beginning of September. The species overwinters in the pupal stage.
# Aktau Range

The Aktau Range is a mountain range of Tajikistan. It lies in the west of Tajikistan, south of Hisor.
# Ajameti Managed Reserve

Ajameti Managed Reserve (Georgian: აჯამეთის აღკვეთილი) is a protected area in the Baghdati Municipality, Zestaponi Municipality region of Georgia. It protects famous oaks of Ajameti and other local flora. Some of the trees are from 120 to 200 years old. Reserve also protects local fauna.

## Geography

Ajameti Managed Reserve is located 15 km from Kutaisi. It was first founded in 1935. Reserve has two protected areas: Azameti Mukhnari (3742 ha), in the area of Rioni River left tributaries between Kvirila and Khanistskali and Vartsikhe massive (1106 ha), on the left side of Khanistskali.

## Flora

4723 hectares of the area is covered by the oak forests, 93 hectares – hornbeam forests and 23 hectares oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis). The forested area of Vartsikhe is included into Ajameti Managed Reserve and was first established in 1946 in order to preserve rare Tertiary era relicts: Imeretian oak (Quercus robur subsp. imeretina) and caucasian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia) trees.
Dendroflora has variety of 60 species. Understory with covered with rhododendron, medlar, sweetbrier and common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna).
Some species are on the Red List of Georgia: Imeretian oak (Quercus robur subsp. imeretina) and Zelkova or caucasian elm (Zelcova carpinifolia) as well as Pastukhov's ivy (Hedera pastuchovii), Georgian hazelnut (Corylus colchica), wych elm, wingnuts and some others.

## Fauna

There are mammals in the Ajameti State Reserve, namely roe, foxes, European pine martens (Martes martes), badgers, rabbits, squirrels and dormouse. The forest chicken is also noteworthy.
Among more than 60 species of birds observed in the reserve only 21 are nesting species in local oak forest. All other birds are either migratory birds or have their wintering grounds in reserve.
Amphibians are represented by one species of triton, marsh frog, common frog and green frog. Reptiles are represented by grass snake (Natrix natrix) and dice snake (Natrix tessellata).
Rare and endangered species included into Red List of Georgia: noctule bats, Caucasian squirrel, dormouse, Forest dormouse and Caucasian otter (Lutra lutra meridionalis).
There are also endemic species in protected areas: southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), Caucasian mole (Talpa caucasica), Gueldenstaedt's shrew (Crocidura gueldenstaedtii), Mehely's horseshoe bat, (Rhinolophus mehelyi), common bent-wing bat (miniopterus schreibersii), European hare (Lepus europaeus), ordinary squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) and others.
# Aimar

Aimar may refer to:
* Aimar (name), a given name and surname
* Aimar, Georgia, United States, an unincorporated community
# Eurrhyparodes sculdus

Eurrhyparodes sculdus is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

## Description

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are dark brown with a purplish lustre. The inner line is straight, dark and obscure. The outer line has two teeth, relieved by narrow straw-coloured patches before the teeth and following most of the line outwardly. The base of the hindwings is pale whitish, tinged with straw colour.
# Eupromera disparilis

Eupromera disparilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 1995. It is known from Brazil.
# Eupromera gilmouri

Eupromera gilmouri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1961. It is known from Brazil.
# Ethel Shanas

Ethel Shanas (Chicago, September 6, 1914 – Evanston, Illinois, January 20, 2005) was an American scholar in the fields of Sociology of medicine and gerontology.

## Biography

Shanas graduated in 1949 at the University of Chicago with a dissertation on the social aspects of aging, under the mentorship of Ernest Burgess and Robert J. Havighurst. She worked at the University of Chicago until 1965, as a member of the university’s Committee on Human Development, a lecturer in Sociology and a staff member of the National Opinion Research Center.
In 1957, Shanas directed the first national survey in the United States on the health needs of older people, which led to the publication in 1962 of her book The Health of Older People: A Social Survey. In 1962, she expanded her study with the help of colleagues in Denmark and the United Kingdom, comparing the situation of the elderly in these two countries and in the United States. The results were published in the collective book Old People in Three Industrial Societies (1968), and Shanas and her Danish colleagues later updated the research by repeating the surveys in their respective countries in 1975.
In 1965, she joined the faculty of University of Illinois at Chicago, where she continued teaching until 1982. In 1979, she was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. She also served as president of the Illinois Sociological Association, the Midwest Sociological Society and the Gerontological Society of America.
Shanas died on January 20, 2005.

## Views

Based on survey data, Shanas devoted her main works to criticize what she called the “social myths” about the elderly. First, while the general public in the surveys believed that old age and sickness were synonymous, most of the elderly did not consider themselves sick. Second, although later surveys will conclude that the situation had changed, Shanas’ studies in the 1950s and 1960s observed that most of the elderly in the United States were not isolated but were supported by their children, grandchildren, and neighbors, and regarded themselves as fully integrated in their communities.
Shanas’ further comparative research extended to Europe showed that in the United Kingdom and Denmark social welfare structures were as, or more, important than the families in supporting the elderly, but this did not prevent cases of poverty, lack of health care, and isolation.
Up to the end of her career, Shanas continued to believe that in Western advanced industrial societies the elderly have a better relation with their children than conventional wisdom would maintain, and that the family remains “the first resource for older persons in need of emotional and social support.”

## Selected bibliography by Shanas

* The Health of Older People: A Social Survey (1962). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674428232
* Old People in Three Industrial Societies (1968), with Peter Townsend, Dorothy Wedderburn, Henning Kristian Friis, Poul Milhoj, and Jan Stehouwer. New York: Atherton Press. ISBN 978-0710029621
# European

European, or Europeans, may refer to:

## In general

* European, an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe
** Ethnic groups in Europe
** Demographics of Europe
** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other Western countries
* European, an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to the European Union
** European Union citizenship
** Demographics of the European Union

## In publishing

* The European (1953 magazine), a far-right cultural and political magazine published 1953–1959
* The European (newspaper), a British weekly newspaper published 1990–1998
* The European (2009 magazine), a German magazine first published in September 2009
* The European Magazine, a magazine published in London 1782–1826
* The New European, a British weekly pop-up newspaper first published in July 2016

## Other uses

* SS European
* Europeans (band), a British post-punk group, from Bristol
# Eunidia paraspilota

Eunidia paraspilota is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pierre Téocchi, Jiroux, and Jérôme Sudre in 2004.
# Al-Tiflisi

The Arabic nisbah, an attributive title, al-Tiflisi or al-Taflisi denotes an origin from or association with the city of Tbilisi, Georgia (Arabic: Tiflis, Taflis).
Al-Tiflisi may refer to:
* Ishaq b. Isma'il b. Shuab al-Tiflisi (died 853), an emir of Tiflis
* Abu 'Imran Musa al-Za'farani al-Tiflisi, a 9th-century Karaite Jewish leader
* Isa al-Raqqi Abul-Qasim al-Tiflisi, a 10th-century Muslim physician and astrologist
* Abu Muhammad al-Hasan b. Bundar al-Tiflisi, a 10th-11th-century Shiite literary scholar
* Hubaysh-i Tiflisi (died c. 1203/04 or 1231), a Muslim polymath scholar and poet
* Najm al-Din al-Tiflisi (died 1234), a Sufi imam and poet
* Kamal al-Din 'Umar al-Tiflisi (died 1273), a Damascene qadi
# Eutreta jamaicensis

Eutreta jamaicensis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Eutreta of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Jamaica.
# Eutreta margaritata

Eutreta margaritata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Eutreta of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Mexico.
# Al Minns

Al Minns (1 January 1920 – 24 April 1985), was a prominent American Lindy Hop and jazz dancer. Most famous for his film and stage performances in the 1930s and 1940s with the Harlem-based Whitey's Lindy Hoppers, Minns worked throughout his life to promote the dances that he and his cohorts helped to pioneer at New York's Savoy Ballroom. In 1938, Al Minns and Sandra Gibson (see Mildred Pollard) won the Harvest Moon Ball.

## The Resurgence of Lindy Hop

In 1981, Al Minns was rediscovered by Sandra Cameron and Larry Schulz during a Louise "Mama Lou" Parks event. They invited him to teach at Sandra's dance studio, the Sandra Cameron Dance Center (SCDC). Another instrumental figure was Paul Grecki, who also worked with Al and later with Frankie Manning at the studio.
Sandra and Larry, collaborated with the legendary Norma Miller in 1984 to create "A Night at the Savoy: A Salute to Swing," a jazz extravaganza at the Village Gate. This sensational show brought together Lindy Hop veterans such as Billy Ricker, Al Minns, and Frankie Manning, reigniting their passion and sparking a new wave of enthusiasm for the dance. Schulz also played a vital role in managing Al Minns and Sugar Sullivan, promoting Lindy Hop in NYC when the scene was virtually nonexistent.
In 1984, three members of The Rhythm Hot Shots from Sweden, namely Lennart Westerlund, Anders Lind, and Henning Sorenson, embarked on a journey to New York. Their purpose was to seek out original Lindy Hoppers and specifically learn from Al Minns, who happened to be teaching at SCDC during one of the Saturday afternoon dance classes. They brought Al Minns to Stockholm in 1984. Later, in 1986, they brought Frankie Manning and other original Savoy Ballroom dancers to Herräng Dance Camp, contributing to the spread of Lindy Hop's revival worldwide.

## Filmography

* Hellzapoppin' (1941)
* Hot Chocolates (1941)
* The Spirit Moves (1950)
* Jazz Dance (1954)
# European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music

The European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM) is an international non-profit learned society which aims to support theoretical, experimental, and applied research in the cognitive sciences of music. The society disseminates knowledge of music perception and cognition, and encourages European and international cooperation within the field of cognitive sciences of music.
ESCOM was established in 1991. To support its activities the Society publishes the journal Musicae Scientiae. Its first issue was published in 1997. The impact factor in 2014 was 1.4, and in 2018 it was 1.250. Irène Deliège was the founding editor of the journal and the first General Secretary of the Society. The current editor is Jane Ginsborg (Royal Northern College of Music). The journal publishes empirical, theoretical, and critical articles directed at increasing understanding of how music is perceived, represented, and generated. The journal deals with a wide range of topics, such as developmental psychology of music, musical creativity, similarity perception, music and evolution, music and emotion, and music performance. Musicæ Scientiæ appears four times in a year and is published from 2011 onwards by SAGE Publications.
In addition to publication activities, ESCOM organizes triennial conferences as well as seminars, educational programs, and summer schools. The first ESCOM conference was organized in Trieste, Italy (1991). In every six years ESCOM has a joint conference with the International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition.
Membership in ESCOM consists of Full Members, Student Members, Sustaining Members, and Honorary Members. Richard Parncutt (University of Graz) was president during 2015-2018; the current president is Renee Timmers (University of Sheffield).
# Akania bidwillii

Akania is a monotypic genus in the family Akaniaceae. The single species, Akania bidwillii (turnipwood), is a tree that is native to subtropical and warm-temperate coastal rainforests in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. It is known locally as turnipwood because when it is cut down it gives off a foul odour similar to turnips. It blooms with white or pink, fragrant flowers in the spring, and the fruit is a dull-red round capsule that dries down and releases 1-2 seeds. Panicles usually 8–15 cm long; pedicels 5–20 mm long. Calyx 3–4 mm long. Corolla 8–12 mm long.
# Al Crook

Alfred John Crook (November 20, 1897 – February 17, 1958) was an American football player. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Panthers from 1925 to 1926. Crook attended Washington & Jefferson College and was the starting center and defensive end for the Presidents in the 1922 Rose Bowl. His nickname "Monk" was given to him by his teammates at Washington & Jefferson.
# Akdede, Zara

Akdede is a village in the Zara District of Sivas Province in Turkey. It is populated by Turks and had a population of 49 in 2023.
# Akdemir

Akdemir is both a Turkish surname and a masculine Turkish given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname:
* Ali Akdemir, Turkish academic
* Diren Akdemir, Swiss-Turkish footballer
Given name:
Places
# Al mahattah

Al mahattah may refer to:
* Al mahattah, Saudi Arabia
* al-Mahattah, Yemen
# Al madiq

Al madiq may refer to:
* Al madiq, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia
* Al madiq, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
* Qalaat al-Madiq, a medieval castle and modern town in Syria