OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1938 Australian Championships – Men's doubles

The third seeds John Bromwich and Adrian Quist defeated Gottfried von Cramm and Henner Henkel 7–5, 6–4, 6–0 in the final, to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 1938 Australian Championships.
This win marked the start of a record eight consecutive Australian Men's Doubles titles streak for the pair formed only recently at the request of the Australian Lawn Tennis Association.

## Seeds

* Don Budge / Gene Mako (semifinals)
* Gottfried von Cramm / Henner Henkel (final)
* John Bromwich / Adrian Quist (champions)
* Jack Crawford / Vivian McGrath (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Don Budge Gene Mako | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Dinny Pails Bill Sidwell | 1 | 2 | 2 | | | 1 | Don Budge Gene Mako | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Arthur Huxley Don Turnbull | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | Arthur Huxley Don Turnbull | 2 | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | George Holland Heinrich Kleinschroth | 3 | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Don Budge Gene Mako | 6 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | | | | | |
| 3 | John Bromwich Adrian Quist | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | 3 | John Bromwich Adrian Quist | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | Lionel Brodie Tom Warhurst | 3 | 3 | 5 | | | 3 | John Bromwich Adrian Quist | 6 | 6 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gar Hone Max Newcombe | 6 | 7 | 6 | | | | Gar Hone Max Newcombe | 2 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Gar Moon Harold Whillans | 2 | 5 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | John Bromwich Adrian Quist | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| 4 | Jack Crawford Vivian McGrath | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | Gottfried von Cramm Henner Henkel | 5 | 4 | 0 |
| | William F. Stephen Norman Wasley | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | | 4 | Jack Crawford Vivian McGrath | 6 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Harry Hopman Len Schwartz | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | | Harry Hopman Len Schwartz | 1 | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fred Bennett Jim Gilchrist | 1 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 2 | | | | | | | | 4 | Jack Crawford Vivian McGrath | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 | | | | | | |
| 2 | Gottfried von Cramm Henner Henkel | 9 | 4 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | 2 | Gottfried von Cramm Henner Henkel | 6 | 6 | 4 | 7 | | | | | | |
| | Les Hancock Colin Long | 7 | 6 | 1 | 4 | | 2 | Gottfried von Cramm Henner Henkel | 4 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Jack Clemenger Jack Harper | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | | | Jack Clemenger Jack Harper | 6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Max Bonner Albert Maggs | 8 | 3 | 6 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Bistriški belič

Bistriški belič (also bistriški fičnik) is private local currency, that started on 14 December 2013 in Ilirska Bistrica, Slovenia. The tokens are issued by Littoral Numismatic Society from Ilirska Bistrica. 1 belič is subdivided into 100 fičniks and the exchange rate is fixed at 1 belič = 40 EUR. The coins are designed by artist Romeo Volk, and adapted with computer by Matjaž Penko.
The purpose of the project is increasing local employment, supporting local culture and shortening food supply chains.
The silver and brass coins are made in the Slovak mint Kremnica, while golden coins are made in Slovenian Zlatarna Celje.
The design of the coins includes ship liburna, symol of municipality, as well as leaves of olive tree (symbol of peace), oak (symbol of stability) and lime (symbol of Slovenia).
# HD 82886

HD 82886, also named Illyrian, is a star with an orbiting exoplanet in the constellation Leo Minor. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 7.63, which indicates it is too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The distance to this system is approximately 413 light years, as measured using parallax. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 12.7 km/s.
This is an aging subgiant star with a stellar classification of G0. With 2.5 times the mass of the Sun, at the age of 3–4 billion years it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and expanded to more than five times the radius of the Sun. The star is radiating nearly 12 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,953 K.
HD 82886, and its planet HD 82886b, were chosen as part of the 2019 NameExoWorlds campaign organised by the International Astronomical Union, which assigned each country a star and planet to be named. HD 82886 was assigned to Albania. The winning proposal named the star Illyrian after the ancient people of the Balkans region (including Albania), and the planet Arber after the medieval term for the inhabitants of Albania.

## Planetary system

A super-jovian exoplanet was discovered in 2011. It has at least 1.3 times the mass of Jupiter and is orbiting the host star at an approximate distance of 1.65 AU every 705 days.
The HD 82886 planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b (Arber) | ≥1.3±0.1 M$_J$ | 1.65±0.06 | 705±34 | <0.27 | — | — |
# Bola

Bola may refer to:

## People

* Bola (name), a surname and given name
* Darrell Fitton, electronic musician from Manchester, England, AKA "Bola" and "Jello"
* Bola Tinubu, President of Nigeria since 2023
* Bola Ige, Nigerian politician (1930–2001)

## Geography

* Bola (volcano), a volcano on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea
* Bola, Togo, village in Togo country
* Tatar spelling of Bula River
* Bolae, an ancient city of Latium, Italy

## Sports and games

* Bola bola, a gambling game similar to Three-card Monte
* Bola (video game), a 2010 Facebook game developed by Playdom
* Bola de Ouro, a Brazilian association football award
* Bola (tabloid), an Indonesian sports newspaper published from 1984 to 2018
* Rola bola, a plank on a cylinder on which a person balances

## Entertainment

* Bola Kampung, Malaysian children's animated TV series
* Bola Bola (miniseries), Philippine teen romantic comedy television miniseries

## Other uses

* Bolas, throwing weapon made of weights on the ends of an interconnected cord
* Bola tie, or "Bolo tie", a type of necktie consisting of a piece of cord fastened with an ornamental bar or clasp
* Bolan Pass, Mountain pass in Balochistan, Pakistan
* cloe Bola, a severe 1988 Pacific cyclone
* Bola language (Austronesian), an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea
* Pela language (Bola language), a Burmish language of Western Yunnan, China
* Bolas spider, Group of spiders that capture prey with a bolas
# Bulbophyllum hydrophilum

Bulbophyllum hydrophilum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Black Pass

Black Pass (67°40′S 67°34′W﻿ / ﻿67.667°S 67.567°W﻿ / -67.667; -67.567) is a pass trending northeast–southwest, 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Mount Arronax, Pourquoi Pas Island, in northeast Marguerite Bay. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Stanley E. Black (1933–58), a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey meteorological assistant on Signy Island, 1957–58, and on Horseshoe Island, 1958, who, with D. Statham and G. Stride, was lost between the Dion Islands and Horseshoe Island in May 1958, in a breakup of the sea ice.
# Hastings Unit

The Hastings Units were three classes of diesel-electric multiple unit which were built by BR(S) in the late 1950s, and operated until the mid-1980s.
* British Rail Class 201 (6S)
* British Rail Class 202 (6L)
* British Rail Class 203 (6B)
# Bretton

Bretton may refer to:

## Places
### England

* Bretton, Derbyshire
* Bretton, Peterborough in Cambridgeshire
* Monk Bretton in South Yorkshire
* West Bretton in West Yorkshire
* Bretton Hall College of Education
* Bretton Hall, West Yorkshire
* Monk Bretton Priory, South Yorkshire

### Wales

* Bretton, Flintshire

## Other uses

* Bretton (name), list of people with the name
* Bretton (EP), a 2008 record by Lower Than Atlantis
* Bretton's, former Canadian high-end department store
# 1996 Tirreno–Adriatico

The 1996 Tirreno–Adriatico was the 31st edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 13 March to 20 March 1996. The race started in Fiuggi and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Francesco Casagrande of the Saeco team.

## Route

Stage characteristics and winners :
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | Winner |
| 1 | 13 March | Fiuggi to Fiuggi | 156 km (97 mi) | | Léon van Bon (NED) |
| 2 | 14 March | Ferentino to Santa Marinella | 180 km (110 mi) | | Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB) |
| 3 | 15 March | Santa Marinella to Santa Fiora | 206 km (128 mi) | | Fabiano Fontanelli (ITA) |
| 4 | 16 March | Arcidosso to Soriano nel Cimino | 205 km (127 mi) | | Filippo Casagrande (ITA) |
| 5a | 17 March | Città della Pieve to Castiglione del Lago | 85 km (53 mi) | | Ján Svorada (CZE) |
| 5b | 17 March | Magione to Castiglione del Lago | 28 km (17 mi) | Individual time trial | Evgeni Berzin (RUS) |
| 6 | 18 March | Tuoro sul Trasimeno to Amandola | 192 km (119 mi) | | Michele Bartoli (ITA) |
| 7 | 19 March | Sant'Elpidio a Mare to Monte San Pietrangeli | 174 km (108 mi) | | Rolf Sørensen (DEN) |
| 8 | 20 March | Grottammare to San Benedetto del Tronto | 159 km (99 mi) | | Ján Svorada (CZE) |

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| 1 | Francesco Casagrande (ITA) | Saeco–AS Juvenes San Marino | 34h 46' 18" |
| 2 | Alexander Gontchenkov (RUS) | Roslotto–ZG Mobili | + 23" |
| 3 | Gianluca Pianegonda (ITA) | Team Polti | + 29" |
| 4 | Michele Coppolillo (ITA) | MG Maglificio–Technogym | + 32" |
| 5 | Gabriele Colombo (ITA) | Gewiss Playbus | + 51" |
| 6 | Rodolfo Massi (ITA) | Refin–Mobilvetta | + 1' 22" |
| 7 | Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS) | Rabobank | + 4' 30" |
| 8 | Filippo Casagrande (ITA) | Scrigno–Blue Storm | + 5' 17" |
| 9 | Luca Gelfi (ITA) | Brescialat | + 5' 19" |
| 10 | Marco Serpellini (ITA) | Panaria–Vinavil | + 5' 54" |
# Francis Blair

Francis or Frank Blair may refer to:
* Francis Preston Blair Jr. (1821–1875), American politician and Union Army general
* Francis Preston Blair (1791–1876), his father, American journalist and politician
* Frank S. Blair (1839–1899), Virginia lawyer and Attorney General of Virginia
* Frank Blair (journalist) (1915–1995), American broadcast journalist and news anchor on NBC's Today program
* W. Frank Blair (1912–1984), American zoologist
# Gerry McLoughlin

Gerard Anthony Joseph McLoughlin (born 11 June 1952) in Limerick is a former Ireland international rugby union player.

## Rugby career

McLoughlin played club rugby for Shannon and Munster. He was part of the Munster team that beat the All Blacks 12 to 0 at Thomond Park in Limerick in 1978. He played for Ireland, scoring the defining try in their 1982 triple crown win, their first since 1949. He also went on the 1983 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand.

## Political career

McLoughlin was elected to the Limerick City Council in 2004 as an independent but joined the Labour Party in 2006. In 2012 he was elected mayor of Limerick.

## Personal life

McLoughlin's daughter Orla was also elected to the Limerick City Council for the Labour Party in 2009, although she ran again in 2014, she was not reelected. His son Fionn is also a rugby player.
# Biosphere Reserve of Ñacuñan

The Biosphere Reserve of Ñacuñan is located in the Mendoza Province, Argentina. It is a composed of three main geomorphological areas.
# Bogdan Wojciszke

Bogdan Wojciszke (born 11 June 1952, Gdańsk), is a Polish psychologist, a humanities professor and an academic teacher.

## Life and career

He graduated in psychology from the Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM), Poznań in 1975. In 1978, he received a doctoral degree from the University of Gdańsk and a habilitation from the University of Warsaw in 1986. In 1993, he was granted the title of a professor. He attended science internships at such institutions as University of Aberdeen, Max Planck Institute in Berlin, and the Oxford University (Nuffield College). He was a fellow of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
In 1975, he worked at the Adam Mickiewicz University and since 1976 until 2000 he worked at the University of Gdańsk where he was head of the Institute of Psychology. He later worked at the SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities where he was appointed head of the institution's branch in Sopot, Pomeranian Voivodeship. He was also director of the Institute of Psychology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). He became a corresponding member of PAN, a member of the institution's Committee on Psychological Sciences as well as a member of the executive board of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology (EASP). He was also a member of editorial boards of numerous science journals including Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology and Studia Psychologiczne. Between 1995-1999, he worked as an editor-in-chief of Przegląd Psychologiczny. He was chosen a member of the Central Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles (2017-2020).
He specializes in the fields of personality psychology and social psychology. He has conducted research on perceiving and judging people, the dynamics of close intimate relationships, the psychology of power as well as productivity and dignity as ethical values in contemporary Polish society.
In 2011, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 2016, he was the winner of Poland's top science award, Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science in the category of humanities and social sciences for "developing a model of agency and communion as basic dimensions of social cognition".

## Selected publications

* Procesy oceniania ludzi, Nakom, Poznań 1991.
* Psychologia miłości: intymność, namiętność, zaangażowanie, Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk 1994.
* Psychologia rozumienia zjawisk społecznych (co-editor), Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warsaw 1999.
* Kobieta zmienną jest, Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk 2009.
* Człowiek wśród ludzi: zarys psychologii społecznej, Scholar, Warsaw 2002.
* Psychologia społeczna, Scholar, Warsaw 2011.
# Bulbophyllum humblotii

Bulbophyllum humblotii is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Black Patch

Black Patch may refer to:
* Black Patch Park, Smethwick, England
* Black Patch Tobacco Wars, price war and violence over tobacco prices in early 1900s US
* Black Patch (film), a 1957 American Western film
# Hastings United AFC

Hastings United was an association football club from Hastings, New Zealand.
The original Hastings United formed in 1908 after a meeting held at the Carlton Club Hotel with Sir William Russell elected as a club Patron and Mr. J. D. Rivers elected as the club President. This older side was one of Hawke's Bay's stronger sides, reaching the quarter-finals of the 1928 Chatham Cup. The club was later re-established in 1947 as the result of a merger of several older clubs, one of which was the original Hastings United. The club was briefly known as Hastings Leopard from 1968, before changing their name to Leopard United in 1970 after merging with Shamrock. Leopard United qualified and competed in the 1974 Central League Third Division and were promoted to Division Two in 1975. The club's name was finally changed to Hastings City in 1976. The club was later disbanded in 1980.
The later incarnation of Hastings United/Hastings Leopard reached later rounds of the Chatham Cup in 1963, 1965, and 1969, and Leopard United did the same in 1970, 1971, 1972, and 1973.
Note that the club should not be confused with an earlier team called Hastings City which competed in the 1962 Chatham Cup.
# Bretteville-sur-Odon

Bretteville-sur-Odon (French pronunciation: , literally Bretteville on Odon) is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It lies on the river Odon, about 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Caen.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 544 | — |
| 1800 | 559 | +0.39% |
| 1806 | 618 | +1.69% |
| 1821 | 752 | +1.32% |
| 1831 | 756 | +0.05% |
| 1836 | 801 | +1.16% |
| 1841 | 804 | +0.07% |
| 1846 | 784 | −0.50% |
| 1851 | 803 | +0.48% |
| 1856 | 803 | +0.00% |
| 1861 | 817 | +0.35% |
| 1866 | 795 | −0.54% |
| 1872 | 758 | −0.79% |
| 1876 | 732 | −0.87% |
| 1881 | 737 | +0.14% |
| 1886 | 671 | −1.86% |
| 1891 | 634 | −1.13% |
| 1896 | 682 | +1.47% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1901 | 556 | −4.00% |
| 1906 | 631 | +2.56% |
| 1911 | 651 | +0.63% |
| 1921 | 660 | +0.14% |
| 1926 | 652 | −0.24% |
| 1931 | 755 | +2.98% |
| 1936 | 726 | −0.78% |
| 1946 | 760 | +0.46% |
| 1954 | 1,807 | +11.43% |
| 1962 | 1,232 | −4.68% |
| 1968 | 2,182 | +10.00% |
| 1975 | 2,466 | +1.76% |
| 1982 | 3,326 | +4.37% |
| 1990 | 3,623 | +1.07% |
| 1999 | 3,951 | +0.97% |
| 2007 | 4,105 | +0.48% |
| 2012 | 3,900 | −1.02% |
| 2017 | 3,833 | −0.35% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :

## Twin towns

* Woodbury, Devon, UK since 1978
* Glattbach, Germany since 1987
* Ouonck CR, Sénégal since 1997
# 1 Maja Coal Mine

The 1 Maja coal mine (Coal Mine 1st May; pol. Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego 1 Maja) was a large mine in the south of Poland in Wodzisław Śląski, Silesian Voivodeship, 260 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw.
Built in 1960, it was called "Mszana". Since 1961 it was called 1 Maja (1 May), in honor of International Workers' Day. It was one of the most modern and best coal mines in the Polish People's Republic. It was combined with Marcel Coal Mine in 1995. It closed in 2001. The coal mine covered 35.6 square kilometers, and coal production was around 8,400 tons per day.
Coal Mine 1 May was the general sponsor of the Polish football team Odra Wodzisław Śląski until the Mine's closure.
# Angola–Norway relations

Angola–Norway relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between Angola and Norway. Norway has an embassy in Luanda, whereas Angola has a non resident embassy in Stockholm.
Foremost, Angola has been described as "Norway's most important economic partner in Africa". Both petroleum-rich countries, the state-owned Norwegian petroleum company Statoil ventured into Angola in 1991. Angola became Statoil's largest petroleum operation outside of the Norwegian shelf.
Norway and Angola established diplomatic relations in 1977. The Norwegian embassy in Luanda opened in 1998.
Formerly, the embassy included an "embassy office" in Kinshasa, which was later upgraded to an embassy of its own. The Norwegian ambassador to Angola also has a side accreditation to São Tomé and Príncipe. Notable Norwegian ambassadors in Luanda include Arild Retvedt Øyen (2002–2008).

## High level visits

Prime Minister of Norway Erna Solberg visited Angola in December 2018. This was the first visit by a Norwegian Prime Minister to Angola.
# German submarine U-194

German submarine U-194 was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine built during World War II for service in the Atlantic Ocean. Notable for having been fitted with the new Balkon sonar, she was a short-lived vessel, being sunk on her first and only operational war patrol.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-194 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-194 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history

U-194 was laid down in Bremen on 17 January 1942 and launched on 22 September. Kapitänleutnant Hermann Hesse took command upon commissioning on 8 January 1943.

### Balkon group listening apparatus

The passive sonar, known as Gruppenhorchgerät (group listening apparatus) or GHG, fitted to early U-boats could not be used at periscope depth. To solve this, a new listening device, known as Balkon (balcony) fitted to a second, lower hull, was successfully tested on U-194 in January 1943.

### Loss

Twelve days into her first and only patrol, U-194 was attacked and sunk by a homing torpedo from an American Consolidated PBY Catalina aircraft of VP-84 in position 59°00′N 26°18′W﻿ / ﻿59.000°N 26.300°W﻿ / 59.000; -26.300. All 54 men aboard were lost. An initial post-war assessment gave credit for sinking U-194 to a British Consolidated B-24 Liberator aircraft of No. 120 Squadron RAF squadron, however this attack actually resulted in the sinking of U-200.
# Biosphere model

In climate science, a biosphere model, is used to model the biosphere of Earth, and can be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) for modelling the entire climate system. It has been suggested that terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are a more inclusive term than land surface models (LSMs). The representation of roots in TBMs (or LSMs), however, remains relatively crude. Particularly, the dynamic functions of roots and phylogenetic basis of water uptake remain largely absent in TBMs (or LSMs).

## Models

The Daisyworld computer simulation from 1983, calculated how radiant energy increased or decreased, dependent on the albedo effect, based on changes in the biosphere.
The Simple Biosphere (SiB) model, presented by Sellers et al. in 1986, calculates transfer of energy, mass and momentum of the atmosphere and the vegetated surface of the Earth. The model is designed for use in atmospheric general circulation models, to account for the related climate attribution of the biosphere. A revised version was published in 1996 and incorporates satellite measurements.
The Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model is a global vegetation model for use with the Earth System Modeling Framework.