OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Balnoi

Balnoi is a village and municipality in Poonch district of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The village is located 24 km (15 mi) from the district headquarters, Mendhar.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Balnoi has 435 households. The literacy rate of Balnoi was 51.03% compared to 67.16% of Jammu and Kashmir. In Balnoi, Male literacy stands at 63.74% while the female literacy rate was 39.47%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 2425 | 1167 | 1258 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 538 | 268 | 270 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1286 | 620 | 666 |
| Literacy | 51.03% | 63.74% | 39.47% |
| Workers (all) | 897 | 492 | 405 |
| Main workers (all) | 160 | – | – |
| Marginal workers (total) | 737 | 364 | 373 |

## Transportation
### Road

Balnoi is well-connected by road to other places in Jammu and Kashmir and India by the NH 144A and other intra-district roads.

### Rail

The nearest major railway stations to Balnoi are Jammu Tawi railway station and Awantipora railway station located at a distance of 233 km (145 mi) and 177 km (110 mi) respectively.

### Air

The nearest airport to Balnoi is Srinagar International Airport located at a distance of 203 km (126 mi) and is a 6.5-hour drive.
# Héctor Herrera (disambiguation)

Héctor Herrera (born 1990) is a Mexican footballer.
Héctor Herrera may also refer to:
* Héctor Belo Herrera (born 1905), Uruguayan fencer
* Héctor Herrera (runner) (born 1959), Cuban athlete
* Héctor Herrera (photographer) (born 1934), Mexican photographer
* Héctor Herrera (silent film actor), List of Mexican films of the 1910s
* Héctor Herrera (actor), Silver Ariel for best supporting actor in Lake Tahoe (film) 2008
* Hector Herrera (animator), Mexican-Canadian animator best known for The Ballad of Immortal Joe
# Chromos Tower

Chromos Tower is a 60-meter (200 ft) office tower in Zagreb, Croatia. The tower was constructed in 1989 and was originally the main headquarters of the Chromos Corporation after which it was named. It is located in Kanal neighborhood, on the corner of the Vukovar Street and Vjekoslav Heinzel street. It is last skyscraper built in Zagreb before the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995).
# 2013 Intersport Heilbronn Open – Doubles

Johan Brunström and Frederik Nielsen were the defending champions but Nielsen decided not to participate. Brunström played alongside Raven Klaasen and successfully defended the title by defeating Jordan Kerr and Andreas Siljeström 6–3, 0–6, [12–10] in the final.

## Seeds

* Johan Brunström / Raven Klaasen (champions)
* Mikhail Elgin / Igor Zelenay (first round)
* James Cerretani / Adil Shamasdin (semifinals)
* Philipp Marx / Florin Mergea (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | J Brunström R Klaasen | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Junaid S Stadler | 3 | 3 | | 1 | J Brunström R Klaasen | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Becker P Petzschner | 4 | 6 | [10] | | B Becker P Petzschner | 5 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | I Karlović F Moser | 6 | 4 | [5] | | | | | | 1 | J Brunström R Klaasen | 4 | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | |
| 4 | P Marx F Mergea | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | P Marx F Mergea | 6 | 6$^4$ | [7] | | | | | |
| | K Beck A Begemann | 6 | 2 | [5] | 4 | P Marx F Mergea | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Hájek D Molchanov | 3 | 2 | | WC | A Beck N Langer | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | A Beck N Langer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | J Brunström R Klaasen | 6 | 0 | [12] |
| Alt | Christian Hirschmüller Harry Meehan | 5 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | J Kerr A Siljeström | 3 | 6 | [10] |
| WC | B Knittel J-L Struff | 7 | 7 | | WC | B Knittel J-L Struff | 6 | 2 | [2] | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alt | M Copil A Ungur | 4 | 6$^6$ | | 3 | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 6 | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | 3 | J Cerretani A Shamasdin | 7$^7$ | 6$^3$ | [5] | | | | | |
| | U Ignatik M Kowalczyk | 2 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | | | J Kerr A Siljeström | 6$^5$ | 7$^7$ | [10] | | | | | |
| | J Kerr A Siljeström | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | J Kerr A Siljeström | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Oswald M Pavić | 6 | 4 | [12] | | P Oswald M Pavić | 1 | 6 | [8] | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | M Elgin I Zelenay | 2 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Impatiens omeiana

Impatiens omeiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Balsaminaceae. It is endemic to China, where it occurs in Sichuan.
The wild plant is rhizomatous, growing up to half a meter tall, with large, yellow flowers.
It is grown in cultivation as an ornamental plant. One common name is hardy impatiens. Cultivars include 'Eco Hardy' and 'Ice Storm'.

## Sources

* 1 2 China Plant Specialist Group (2004). "Impatiens omeiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T46547A11066560. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T46547A11066560.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
* ↑ Impatiens omeiana. Flora of China.
* ↑ Impatiens omeiana. Missouri Botanical Garden.
* ↑ Pitman, D. A Bevy Of Balsams. Pacific Horticulture 67(4) October, 2006.
* This Ericales article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# A New Chart of History

In 1769, 18th-century British polymath Joseph Priestley published A New Chart of History and its prose explanation as a supplement to his Lectures on History and General Policy. Together with his Chart of Biography (1765), which he dedicated to his friend Benjamin Franklin, Priestley believed these charts would allow students to "trace out distinctly the dependence of events to distribute them into such periods and divisions as shall lay the whole claim of past transactions in a just and orderly manner."
The Chart of History lists events in 106 separate locations; it illustrates Priestley's belief that the entire world's history was significant, a relatively new development in the 18th century, which had begun with Voltaire and William Robertson. The world's history is divided up into the following geographical categories: Scandinavia, Poland, Russia, Great Britain, Spain, France, Italy, Turkey in Europe, Turkey in Asia, Germany, Persia, India, China, Africa and America. Priestley aimed to show the history of empires and the passing of power; the subtitle of the Description that accompanied the chart was "A View of the Principal Revolutions of Empire that have taken place in the World" and he wrote that:
   The capital use [of the Charts was as] a most excellent mechanical help to the knowledge of history, impressing the imagination indelibly with a just image of the rise, progress, extent, duration, and contemporary state of all the considerable empires that have ever existed in the world.
As Arthur Sheps in his article about the Charts explains, "the horizontal line conveys an idea of the duration of fame, influence, power and domination. A vertical reading conveys an impression of the contemporaneity of ideas, events and people. The number or density of entries . . . tells us about the vitality of any age." Voids in the chart indicated intellectual Dark Ages, for example.
Both Charts were popular for decades—the A New Chart of History went through fifteen editions by 1816. The trustees of Warrington were so impressed with Priestley's lectures and charts that they arranged for the University of Edinburgh to grant him a Doctor of Law degree in 1764.
# Carl Saunders (footballer)

Carl Saunders (born 26 November 1964) is a former professional footballer who spent most of his career at Stoke City and Bristol Rovers.

## Career

Saunders was born in Birmingham and began his career with Stoke City making his debut as a substitute in a 3–1 defeat in 1982–83. He played 27 times in 1984–85 scoring his first senior goal against Manchester United to earn Stoke a 2–1. However that was a rare highlight that season as Stoke were relegated with a record low points tally. He scored three goals in 44 matches in 1985–86 before finding good goalscoring form in 1986–87. Saunders formed a fine partnership with Nicky Morgan and he top-scored with 19 goals. However, he lost his form and in his next three seasons at the Victoria Ground he scored just six goals before being sold to Bristol Rovers by Alan Ball in February 1990.
He rediscovered he goalscoring form at Bristol Rovers scoring 50 goals in 163 matches helping the Pirates win the Football League Third Division in 1989–90. After leaving Bristol Rovers in December 1993, he had brief spells as a non-contract player with Oxford United and Walsall, before moving to Malta to join Sliema Wanderers and then Hibernians.

## Career statistics

Source:
* 1 2 3 4 5 6 Appearances in Full Members' Cup
* 1 2 Appearances in Football League Trophy
* ↑ Appearance in Anglo-Italian Cup

## Honours
### Bristol Rovers

* Football League Third Division champions: 1989–90
* Football League Trophy runner-up: 1990
# Grace National Bank

Grace National Bank was a bank headquartered in New York, New York. It was established as local private bank by W. R. Grace and Company in 1914 to concentrate on business done in South America. On June 19, 1924, the Grace National Bank became a nationally chartered financial institution. The bank operated from a head office in the Grace National Bank Building at 58-60 Water Street.
The founding president was J. Louis Schaefer, a vice-president at W. R. Grace and Company. He died in 1927 and was succeeded by Francis H. McKnight (1927-1933) then Chester R. Dewey. Other former presidents included Frank Comerford Walker.
Grace National Bank lost clients and deposits during the Great Depression of the 1930s but survived and began growing again in the post World War II era. In 1950, the bank earned the largest gross and net profit in its thirty-five-year history.
In the 1960s, the bank struggled with stiff competition from large operations and on August 10, 1965, the Federal Reserve Bank gave its approval for the merger of Grace National Bank with the Marine Midland Bank (now HSBC Bank USA).
# Butterweed

Butterweed is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Conyza, a genus native to eastern Asia and North America
* Packera glabella, a species native to central and southeastern North America
# Brightness (disambiguation)

Brightness is the polar opposite of darkness.
Brightness may also refer to:

## Scientific

* Luminosity
* Brightness (sound)
* Brightness temperature
* Surface Brightness

## Artistic

* The Brightness, the third album by American folksinger Anais Mitchell
# In the Desert

   In the desert I saw a creature, naked, bestial, Who, squatting upon the ground, Held his heart in his hands, And ate of it. I said, “Is it good, friend?” “It is bitter—bitter,” he answered;
   “But I like it “Because it is bitter, “And because it is my heart.”
"In the Desert" is the name given to a poem written by Stephen Crane (1871–1900), published in 1895 as a part of his collection, The Black Riders and Other Lines. "In the Desert" is the third of fifty-six short poems published in this volume. The poem is only ten lines and briefly describes an interaction between the speaker and "creature, naked, bestial" encountered "in the desert", eating his heart.

## Criticism

Joseph Katz states that "In the Desert" presents an interaction between a primary voice reporting an incident ("In the desert / I saw a creature, naked, bestial") and a second character representing a position which is perceived to be inferior. The primary speaker assumes a dominant role over the "creature".
"In the Desert" also serves as an example of Crane's tendency to state universal truths, and this leads to Crane's use of abstraction. Though Crane has this tendency, his use of abstraction is tempered by his allegory and parable. Crane uses only two characters in a general form, the speaker and the creature, and both characters serve the larger purpose of the narrative. They do not hold importance due to their individual characteristics.
"In the Desert" presents an ambiguous state of mind, but affirms a stance toward God and the Universe. In this poem, no particular sin is pointed out to the reader; instead, Crane shows that human nature is inherently sinful and corrupt. Max Cavitch writes, that "In the Desert" is well-deserving of a permanent place in American literature along with Crane's The Black Riders.
# Chromophobia (disambiguation)

Chromophobia is the fear or aversion of colors.
Chromophobia may also refer to:
* Chromophobe cell, a histological structure that does not stain readily
* Chromophobia (film), a 2005 film directed by Martha Fiennes
* Chromophobia (album), an album by Gui Boratto
* Chromophobia , a book published in 2000 by David Batchelor
* Chromophobia, a state in which cells do not absorb hematoxylin as a result of chromatolysis
# Hatpuraini Halt railway station

vteDumka–Bhagalpur line :
Legend :
Hatpuraini Halt railway station is a halt railway station on the Dumka–Bhagalpur line of Sahibganj loop under Malda railway division of the Eastern Railway Zone. The station is situated beside State Highway 23, Puraini at Jagadishpur in Bhagalpur district in the Indian state of Bihar.

## History

The metre-gauge railway track from Bhagalpur Junction railway station to Mandar Hill railway station branch was opened in 1907. The branch was converted to broad gauge. A new railway line from Mandar Hill to Hansdiha became operational on 23 December 2012 and Dumka to Barapalasi route was reconstructed in June 2014 and finally the full track became operational in 2015.
# A New Concordance of the Bible

A New Concordance of the Bible (full title A New Concordance of the Bible: Thesaurus of the Language of the Bible, Hebrew and Aramaic, Roots, Words, Proper Names Phrases and Synonyms) by Avraham Even-Shoshan is a concordance of the Hebrew text of the Hebrew Bible, first published in 1977. The source text used is that of the Koren edition of 1958.
# Jake Sitler

Jacob Sitler (born June 18, 1989) is an American professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Floyd's Pro Cycling. He rode in the men's team time trial at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships. He raced the 2022 Mountain bike Marathon World Championships in Haderslev, Denmark.

## Major results
### 2018

    1st Stage 1 Sea Otter Classic
# Insider Threat Program

The Insider Threat Program is the United States government's response to the massive data leaks of the early twenty-first century, notably the diplomatic cables leaked by Chelsea Manning but before the NSA leaks by Edward Snowden. The program was established under the mandate of Executive Order 13587 issued by Barack Obama.

## Effect on whistle-blowing

Concern has been expressed that the program does not provide any latitude for whistle-blowers. Senator Chuck Grassley is concerned that the program is merely a way to crack down on whistle-blowers.

### Senate hearing

The FBI were asked to a Senate hearing to establish the parameters of the FBI ITP, and the methods for avoiding targeting whistle blowers. Ten minutes into the hearing the FBI witnesses walked out.
# Banana production in Taiwan

Banana production in Taiwan is an essential aspect of the agriculture of Taiwan. Japanese consumers commonly purchase bananas grown in Taiwan.

## History

The banana production begin to grow when Taiwan was being occupied by Japan. By 1939, Taiwan was the third largest exporter of bananas in the world. Taiwan bananas monopolized the Japanese market until 1963, when banana importation was liberalized in Japan. In 1967, banana exports from the country were relatively high. Since 1970, the industry has declined significantly due to competition from the Philippines and problems with the cultivation.

## Agricultural land

Around 8,000 hectares of land in Taiwan is used for banana cultivation. About 5,000 hectares in Southern Taiwan is used for exported fruit, and about 3,000 hectares in Northern Taiwan is used for domestic consumption.
In 1991, the geographic distribution for banana cultivation land was Kaohsiung County (2,284 hectares), Changhua County, Nantou County, Taichung County (1,862 hectares), Pingtung County (1,254 hectares), Chiayi County, Tainan County, Yunlin County (185 hectares) and Hualien County, Taitung County (108 hectares).

## Economy

The main export destination of banana from Taiwan is Japan, which peaked in 1967 with 416,000 tons of export. In 1990, the export tonnage declined to 48,000 tons.

### Research centers

The Taiwan Banana Research Institute is tasked to undergo research and development of banana cultivation in Taiwan.
# Butterwick, Barton-le-Street

Butterwick is a village in the civil parish of Barton-le-Street, in North Yorkshire, England, about 6 miles from Pickering. In 1961 the parish had a population of 41. Butterwick has a church called Holy Epiphany.

## History

The name "Butterwick" means 'Butter (specialised) farm'. Butterwick was Butruic in the 11th century, Buterwic in the 12th century and Boterwik in the 14th century. Butterwick was formerly a township in the parish of Barton-le-Street, in 1866 Butterwick became a civil parish in its own right.
Between 1974 and 2023 the village was in the Ryedale district.
# Hortensius (disambiguation)

Hortensius can refer to:
* The ancient Roman gens (clan) Hortensia.
* Quintus Hortensius (dictator), Roman dictator in 287 BC.
* Quintus Hortensius Hortalus (114-50 BC), Roman orator.
* Hortensius (Cicero), a lost dialogue by Cicero from 45 BC, which Augustine of Hippo says (in Confessiones) turned him to the way of philosophy
* The Dutch astronomer Martin van den Hove (1605–1639), also known as Martinus Hortensius.
* Hortensius crater, on the Moon, which is named after this Dutch astronomer.
* Hortensius is the name of the steward in the opera La fille du régiment, by Gaetano Donizetti.
# In the Ditch (novel)

In the Ditch is a 1972 novel written by Nigerian writer Buchi Emecheta. It was first published on New Statesman as a regular column then published in 1972 by Allison & Busby in London, where her editor was Margaret Busby.

## Background

In the Ditch is the debut novel of writer Buchi Emecheta. The book is partly autobiographical and was inspired by Emecheta's personal experiences as a Nigerian woman who experienced poverty as a single mother. She stated that she felt the book was "[her] sixth child" and was born after she decided to write what she knew, basing her work on her real life experiences.
After Emecheta began writing about episodes from her own life, a friend suggested she pitch them to Richard Crossman, who was editor of the New Statesman at the time. Emecheta began typing up weekly "Observations" which she sent to Crossman, who published them as a regular column.
Emecheta's husband at the time attempted to undermine her writing, and destroyed her first manuscript of The Bride Price, which was later rewritten and published in 1976. Because of this, Emecheta ended up writing and publishing In the Ditch, about her life after separating from her husband, as her first novel.
In The Ditch deals with themes of racism, sexism, classism and poverty through the lens of Emecheta's experiences as an immigrant in the welfare system. In particular, it focuses on the systemic injustices faced by working-class women in Britain, who were subjected to domestic abuse and double standards at the societal level.

## Plot summary

The story is about Adah, a Nigerian who married a Londoner. Her husband decides to go back to Nigeria but the wife refuses. The man then leaves for Nigeria; abandoning his wife and five children in London. The wife now has to depend on state welfare and double jobs in order to survive with her children.
# Christina Tønnesen-Friedman

Christina Wiis Tønnesen-Friedman is a Danish-American mathematician specializing in Riemannian geometry, especially of Kähler manifolds and Sasakian manifolds. She is Marie Louise Bailey Professor of Mathematics at Union College in Schenectady, New York.

## Education

Tønnesen-Friedman studied mathematics and chemistry at Odense University, earning a candidate degree in 1995 and completing her Ph.D. in mathematics in 1997. Her doctoral dissertation, Extremal Kähler Metrics on Ruled Surfaces, was co-advised by Claude LeBrun and Henrik Laurberg Pedersen.

## Career

Tønnesen-Friedman became a research assistant professor at Aarhus University in 1997. In 2001, she moved to Union College as an assistant professor of mathematics. She was tenured as an associate professor in 2007, promoted to full professor in 2012, and chaired the mathematics department at Union College from 2017 to 2021.
# 2012–13 Biathlon World Cup – World Cup 5

The 2012–13 Biathlon World Cup – World Cup 5 was held in Ruhpolding, Germany, from 9 January until 13 January 2013.

## Schedule of events

| Date | Time | Events |
| January 9 | 18:15 CET | Women's 4x6 km Relay |
| January 10 | 18:15 CET | Men's 4x7.5 km Relay |
| January 11 | 18:15 CET | Women's 7.5 km Sprint |
| January 12 | 18:15 CET | Men's 10 km Sprint |
| January 13 | 13:00 CET | Women's 12.5 km Mass Start |
| January 13 | 15:30 CET | Men's 15 km Mass Start |

## Medal winners
### Men

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 10 km Sprint details | Martin Fourcade France | 23:51.5 (0+0) | Evgeny Ustyugov Russia | 24:07.9 (0+0) | Andrei Makoveev Russia | 24:24.5 (0+0) |
| 15 km Mass Start details | Martin Fourcade France | 36:27.7 (0+0+0+0) | Dmitry Malyshko Russia | 36:28.2 (1+0+0+0) | Emil Hegle Svendsen Norway | 36:38.3 (0+1+1+0) |
| 4x7.5 km Relay details | France Simon Fourcade Jean-Guillaume Béatrix Alexis Bœuf Martin Fourcade | 1:13:11.2 (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+0) | Norway Lars Helge Birkeland Tarjei Bø Henrik L'Abée-Lund Emil Hegle Svendsen | 1:13:20.6 (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+3) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+3) | Austria Simon Eder Friedrich Pinter Dominik Landertinger Christoph Sumann | 1:13:20.9 (0+0) (0+2) (0+2) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+3) (0+0) |

### Women

| Event: | Gold: | Time | Silver: | Time | Bronze: | Time |
| 7.5 km Sprint details | Miriam Gössner Germany | 20:57.2 (0+1) | Darya Domracheva Belarus | 21:04.3 (0+1) | Kaisa Mäkäräinen Finland | 21:14.7 (1+0) |
| 12.5 km Mass Start details | Tora Berger Norway | 37:14.4 (0+0+1+0) | Darya Domracheva Belarus | 37:41.1 (1+0+1+0) | Olga Zaitseva Russia | 37:52.2 (0+0+0+1) |
| 4x6 km Relay details | Norway Hilde Fenne Ann Kristin Flatland Synnøve Solemdal Tora Berger | 1:08:13.2 (0+0) (0+2) (0+0) (0+1) (0+1) (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) | Russia Ekaterina Glazyrina Olga Vilukhina Ekaterina Shumilova Olga Zaitseva | 1:09:07.9 (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+0) | Czech Republic Veronika Vítková Gabriela Soukalová Kristýna Černá Veronika Zvařičová | 1:10:05.0 (0+2) (0+0) (0+1) (0+1) (0+0) (0+1) (0+0) (0+2) |
# A People's History of Computing in the United States

A People’s History of Computing in the United States is a non-fiction book by Joy Lisi Rankin. It focuses on American students and educators in the 1960s and 1970s, in particular, those at Dartmouth College, in the Minnesota education system, and at the University of Illinois. Rankin is especially interested in countering the "Silicon Valley mythology" and showing how "computing citizens" created their own networks and fostered a sense of computing for the public good, which she compares to today's "computing consumers".