OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adak National Forest

Adak National Forest is a small forest on Adak Island in Alaska. It consists of 33 pine trees that have clustered together at the base of a small hill. The forest measures 40 ft (12 m) across and is less than 17 ft (5.2 m) tall.

## History

The trees were planted by the U.S. military during World War II. It was meant to boost the morale of soldiers stationed on the island. Simon Buckner, the general, thought that planting Christmas trees on the barren island would help encourage the soldiers through their winters during the war. He began a tree-planting program that lasted from 1943 to 1945.
Most of the pines did not survive the initial planting, due to the Alaskan climate. Soon, only one tree remained. However, some trees were able to regrow and form a copse of dwarfed trees. A sign reading "You are now entering and leaving Adak National Forest" was placed in the early 1960s. Aleutian locals decorate the trees for Christmas season annually.
# Fall back and forward

Fall back is a feature of a modem protocol in data communication whereby two communicating modems which experience data corruption (due to line noise, for example) can renegotiate with each other to use a lower-speed connection. Fall forward is a corresponding feature whereby two modems which have "fallen back" to a lower speed can later return to the higher speed if the connection improves.
A common feature modems was the concept of fallback, allowing them to talk to less-capable modems. During the call initiation the modem would play a series of signals into the line and wait for the remote modem to "answer" them. They would start at high speeds and progressively get slower and slower until they heard an answer. Thus, two USR modems would be able to connect at 9600 bit/s, but, when a user with a 2400-bit/s modem called in, the USR would "fall back" to the common 2400-bit/s speed. This would also happen if a V.32 modem and a HST modem were connected. Because they used a different standard at 9600 bit/s, they would fall back to their highest commonly supported standard at 2400 bit/s. The same applies to V.32bis and 14400 bit/s HST modem, which would still be able to communicate with each other at only 2400 bit/s.
A modem that can fall back in order to communicate with an older, slower modem is an example of backward compatibility, while one that can fall back in order to communicate when the line becomes noisy is an example of graceful degradation.

## Attribution

Article based on fall back and fall forward at FOLDOC, used with permission.
# Acrometopia conspicua

Acrometopia conspicua is a species of fly in the family Chamaemyiidae. It is found in Taiwan and is the only known representative of its genus there. The specific name conspicua refers to the conspicuousness of this fly, including the colorful head that makes this species easily recognizable.

## Taxonomy

The type series was collected from Hehuanshan (Mount Hehuan, also romanized as Hohuanshan) in Nantou County in July 1990. The types were found in the unsorted material of the Taichung Museum and subsequently described as a new species in 2005 by László Papp.

## Habitat

The types were collected with sweeping net. No other ecological information is available.

## Description

Body length varies between 2.8 and 3.3 mm (0.110 and 0.130 in). The wings are light greyish (apart from the subcostal cell that is brown (basally) to almost black) with brown veins and measure between 2.65–2.85 mm (0.104–0.112 in) in length and 0.98–1.07 mm (0.039–0.042 in) in width. The squamal fringe is black. The head is colorful, including frons that is orange. The face is orange dorsally and grey ventrally. The body coloration is silvery greyish, with abdominal setae originating from large round black spots. The femora are grey with yellowish basal and apical parts, the tibiae are mainly yellow, and the fore tarsi are all dark.
# List of ship launches in 1733

The list of ship launches in 1733 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1733.
| Date | Country | Builder | Location | Ship | Class | Notes |
| 10 May | Russia | Joseph Noy | Saint Petersburg | Hopes of Russia | Man-of-war | For Imperial Russian Navy. |
| 10 May | Russia | | Saint Petersburg | Printsessa Anna | Sixth rate | For Imperial Russian Navy. |
| 28 May | Russia | I. Ramberg | Saint Petersburg | Mittau | Fifth rate | For Imperial Russian Navy. |
| June | French Louisiana | Adrien Gilbert | New Orleans | Le Saint Louis | Brig | For French Navy. |
| 4 September | Kingdom of France | François Coulomb | Toulon | Le Diamant | Fourth rate | For French Navy. |
| 8 September | Great Britain | | Woolwich Dockyard | Pembroke | Fourth rate | For Royal Navy. |
| 25 October | Great Britain | P. Lock | Plymouth Dockyard | Warwick | Fourth rate | For Royal Navy. |
| 24 November | Kingdom of France | Rene-Nicholas Levasseur | Toulon | L'Aquilon | Fifth rate | For French Navy. |
| 7 December | Denmark–Norway | Benstrup | Copenhagen | Christianus VI | Second rate | For Dano-Norwegian Navy. |
| 15 December | Great Britain | | Chatham Dockyard | Tilbury | Fourth rate | For Royal Navy. |
| 30 December | Kingdom of France | Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb | Toulon | L'Éole | Third rate | For French Navy. |
| Unknown date | Cuba | | Havana | África | Third rate | For Spanish Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Hendrik Raas | Veere | Goes | Third rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Gouderak | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Hartenkamp | Sixth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Kingdom of France | Pierre Chabert | Marseille | La Réale | Galley | For French Navy. |
| Unknown date | Kingdom of France | | Granville | Le Charles Grenot | Sailing ship | For a private owner. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Moriaanshoofd | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Denmark–Norway | | | Slesvig | Fourth rate | For Dano-Norwegian Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Hendrik Raas | Vlissingen | Vlissingen | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Watervliet | fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Zeepaard | Sixth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Hendrik Raas | Vlissingen | Zierikzee | Third rate | For Dutch Navy. |
# Filippos (Echinades)

Filippos (Greek: Φίλιππος) is a small island of the Echinades (Drakoneres subgroup), among the Ionian Islands group of Greece. As of 2011, it had no resident population.
# List of volcanoes in Taiwan

Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes.
| Name | Elevation | Elevation | Location | Last eruption |
| Name | meters | feet | Coordinates | Last eruption |
| Tatun Volcanic Group | 1120 | 3675 | 25°11′N 121°33′E﻿ / ﻿25.183°N 121.550°E﻿ / 25.183; 121.550 | 648 CE |
| Chilung Volcanic Group | 588 | 1929 | | - |
| Guanyin Mountain | 616 | 2021 | 25°08′N 121°26′E﻿ / ﻿25.133°N 121.433°E﻿ / 25.133; 121.433 | - |
| Caoling Mountain | | | | - |
| Guishan Island | 398 | 1306 | 24°51′N 121°57′E﻿ / ﻿24.850°N 121.950°E﻿ / 24.850; 121.950 | 1775-1795 CE |
| Coast Mountains | 1680 | 5510 | | - |
| Green Island | 281 | 922 | 22°40′N 121°29′E﻿ / ﻿22.667°N 121.483°E﻿ / 22.667; 121.483 | - |
| Orchid Island | 552 | 1811 | 22°03′N 121°32′E﻿ / ﻿22.050°N 121.533°E﻿ / 22.050; 121.533 | - |
| Penghu | | | 23°35′N 119°35′E﻿ / ﻿23.583°N 119.583°E﻿ / 23.583; 119.583 | - |
# Emmanuel Jacquin de Margerie

Emmanuel Jacquin de Margerie (December 25, 1924 – December 2, 1991) was an Ambassador of France, author and promoter of the Arts.

## Career

The son of Roland de Margerie, French Ambassador to Spain, the Holy See and Germany, grandson of Pierre de Margerie, ambassador to Belgium and Germany and cousin of the geologist, Emmanuel de Margerie, he studied at the universities of Aurore in Shangaï and the Sorbonne, graduating with degrees from Sciences Po and ENA.
De Margerie joined the Quai d'Orsay, serving as Head of European Affairs, before postings as:
* Ambassador to Spain, from 1977 to 1981;
* Ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1981 to 1984;
* Ambassador to the United States, from 1984 to 1989.
As founding director of Musées de France, he helped in the creation of the Musée d'Orsay. He also served as chairman of Christie's in Europe and president of World Monuments Fund (France) until his death in 1991.

## Honours

* Officer, Légion d'honneur
* Commander, Ordre national du Mérite
* Gran Cruz, Order of Isabella the Catholic
* Knight, Sovereign Military Order of Malta
* Cross, pro Merito Melitensi.
# Dar Aziza

Dar Aziza is a 16th-century Moorish palace located in the Casbah of Algiers in Algeria. Today, it houses the National Agency of Archaeology and Protection of Historic Sites and Monuments. Dar Aziza, arguably the most iconic surviving building of its era in Algiers, was part of a large governmental compound known as Janina Palace, which existed before the arrival of Turkish corsairs.

## History

Dar Aziza was part of a large governmental compound known as Janina Palace, which existed before the arrival of Turkish corsairs. It is believed to have been built at some time in the 16th century, though its surrounding environment was significantly modified after the advent of French colonial rule.$^{:242}$ In the Ottoman period, it would have served to lodge foreign embassies and, in particular, the Fathers of the Order of Mercy who came to negotiate the redemption of Christian captives. According to a 1721 document, the building had three floors before losing one in the 1716 earthquake. According to Henri Klein, this palace was given by the Dey (probably Dey Hussein) to his daughter Aziza on the occasion of her marriage to the Bey of Constantine.
In 1818, Hussein Dey left Jenina Palace for the more secure Palace of the Dey on a high location dominating the Casbah of Algiers. In 1838, after the French conquest, Dar Aziza became the residence of the Bishop of Algiers and then the archbishopric of Algiers due to its position in front of the cathedral. It was described by the Louis-Antoine-Augustin Pavy as a "jewel of oriental architecture" and was classified as a historic monument in 1887. The other buildings of Janina Palace were largely demolished in 1856 by the French colonial authorities.
Since 1962, the palace has been occupied successively by the Ministry of Tourism, the Ethaqafa magazine and now by the National Agency of Archaeology and Protection of Historic Sites and Monuments.

## Architecture

The palace was originally on a sloping site and had several stories. Its original ground floor, somewhat like a basement, contained storerooms, kitchens, stables, and shops along its exterior, but these have since disappeared and the floor above it has become the ground floor.$^{:242–243}$ The main building is a two-story structure centered around an internal square courtyard (the wast ad-dar or 'center of the house'). The courtyard is ringed on all four sides by a two-story gallery with pointed horseshoe arches supported on marble columns. Diverse ceramic tiles, carved stucco, lattice windows, and a fountain are used for decoration, with the decoration generally increasing in richness on the upper level. The rooms of the upper story are also grander and included the main reception hall. A grand staircase leads from the floor of this courtyard to an annex, the dwira (also transliterated as douira, meaning a smaller house or apartment), which was partly demolished in the 19th century.$^{:242–243}$ The grand staircase itself is unusual in North African domestic architecture of this period and suggests that the builders may have been familiar with European architecture.$^{:242–243}$
# Ende Gelände 2020

Ende Gelände 2020 was a mass action of civil disobedience of the wider movement for climate justice from 25 to 27 September 2020 in Rhineland, Germany, close to Cologne. It protested against Germany's climate politics, because it "is a complete failure and makes it impossible to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees. For the first time a protest against natural gas was included.
The "hygiene concept" was necessary because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participant numbers were limited and dispersed among various smaller camps as opposed to the usual single large camp, in order to limit the size of gatherings. Organizers created an anonymized contact tracing system that allowed for public health protection while shielding the names of participants.
Actions taken by the around 3000 protesters included the blockading of coal mines, train tracks transporting coal, the construction of a gas pipeline, as well as the operations of a gas power plant and a coal power plant. The action in 2020 was the first time Ende Gelände protesters targeted fossil gas infrastructure as part of a conscious effort to emphasize the message that fossil gas is not a sustainable substitute for coal power.
# Employment Policy Convention, 1964

Employment Policy Convention, 1964 is an International Labour Organization convention.
It was established in 1964, with the preamble stating:
   Considering that the Declaration of Philadelphia recognises the solemn obligation of the International Labour Organisation to further among the nations of the world programmes which will achieve full employment and the raising of standards of living, and that the Preamble to the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation provides for the prevention of unemployment and the provision of an adequate living wage,...

## Ratifications

As of November 2021, the convention has been ratified by 115 states.
# 1686 in science

The year 1686 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* Gottfried Kirch notices that Chi Cygni's brightness varies.

## Biology

* John Ray begins publication of his Historia Plantarum, including the first biological definition of the term species; also his edition of Francis Willughby's Historia Piscum.

## Geology

* Edmund Halley establishes the relationship between barometric pressure and height above sea level.

## Meteorology

* Edmund Halley presents a systematic study of the trade winds and monsoons and identifies solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions.

## Physics

* Isaac Newton uses a fixed length pendulum with weights of varying composition to test the weak equivalence principle to 1 part in 1000.

## Births

* February 10 – Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist (died 1762)
* May 24 – Gabriel Fahrenheit, physicist and inventor (died 1736)
* July 6 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (died 1758)
* October (possible date) – John Machin, English mathematician (died 1751)

## Deaths

* May 11 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist (born 1602)
* November 25 (NS December 5) – Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer geologist and bishop (born 1638)
# Allocasuarina ramosissima

Allocasuarina ramosissima is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a dioecious shrub with its leaves reduced to overlapping scales in whorls of five, the mature fruiting cones sessile and 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in) long, containing winged seeds 4.5–5.0 mm (0.18–0.20 in) long.

## Description

Allocasuarina ramosissima is a dioecious, somewhat divaricate shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1.2 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 11 in). Its branchlets are erect 10–60 mm (0.39–2.36 in) long, the leaves reduced to overlapping scale-like teeth 0.6–1.3 mm (0.024–0.051 in) long, arranged in whorls of five around the needle-like branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls are mostly 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) long and 0.6–1 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide. Male flowers are arranged in spike-like heads 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long, the anthers 0.6–0.7 mm (0.024–0.028 in) long. Female cones are sessile, the mature cones 9–13 mm (0.35–0.51 in) long and 7–9 mm (0.28–0.35 in) in diameter, containing dark brown winged seeds 4.5–5.0 mm (0.18–0.20 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This sheoak was first formally described in 1964 by Charles Gardner who gave it the name Casuarina ramosissima in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia from specimens he collected near Dandaragan. It was reclassified in 1982 as Allocasuarina ramosissima by Lawrie Johnson in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. The specific epithet (ramosissima) means "much branched".

## Distribution and habitat

Allocasuarina ramosissima grows in heath on sand in the Badgingarra – Dandaragan area in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.
# 18 Delphini b

18 Delphini b (abbreviated 18 Del b), formally named Arion /əˈraɪən/, is an extrasolar planet approximately 249 light-years away in the constellation of Delphinus.
The 993-day period planet orbits the yellow giant star 18 Delphini. A very massive and dense planet with a minimum mass of 10.3 M$_J$, it was discovered on February 19, 2008, by Bun'ei Sato.
In July 2014, the International Astronomical Union launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets and their host stars. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the name Arion for this planet. The winning name was submitted by the Tokushima Prefectural Jonan High School Science Club of Japan. Arion was a genius of poetry and music in ancient Greece. According to legend, his life was saved at sea by dolphins after attracting their attention by the playing of his kithara ('Delphinus' is Latin for 'dolphin').
# Emma King

Emma King may refer to:
* Emma King (cricketer) (born 1992), Australian cricketer
* Emma King (footballer) (born 1994), Australian rules footballer
* Emma B. King (1857–1933), American impressionist painter
# Darren Treacy (rugby league)

Darren Treacy (born 26 June 1971) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Newcastle Knights, St. George Dragons, St. George Illawarra Dragons and the Parramatta Eels.

## Playing career

Treacy made his first grade debut for Newcastle against South Sydney in Round 1 1994. In 1995, Treacy played in the club's finals series as they reached the preliminary final before being defeated by Manly-Warringah.
In 1997, Treacy joined St George and in 1998 played in the club's final ever game as a stand-alone entity which was a 20–12 loss to Canterbury in the 1998 finals series.
In 1999, St George announced a joint venture with Illawarra to form St George Illawarra. Treacy played in the club inaugural game against Parramatta. Treacy then played for the club at second-row forward in their 1999 NRL Grand Final loss to the Melbourne Storm. Treacy then had a spell in England with the Salford City Reds in 2002.
In 2003, Treacy returned to Australia and played 1 season with Parramatta before retiring at the end of the season.
# Acronicta bellula

Acronicta bellula is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Korean Peninsula, the Russian Far East, and China.
# Adelaide Botanic High School

Adelaide Botanic High School is a coeducational public secondary school situated on Frome Road in Adelaide, South Australia. The school's campus is situated on land adjoining the Adelaide Botanic Garden and the former site of the Royal Adelaide Hospital and is partly built from the structure of the old Reid Building from the University of South Australia.

## History

Adelaide Botanic High School opened on 29 January 2019 under the leadership of Foundation Principal Alistair Brown, who had previously held the role of Principal at Heathfield High School in the Adelaide Hills. The school opened on the site of what was previously known as the Reid Building, which housed the University of South Australia's School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences before its relocation to the university's City East campus. The six-storey building underwent extensive renovations as part of the Department for Education's $100 million development project and another seven-storey building was constructed on the southern side of the building. Both of these buildings are conjoined by a six-storey atrium which includes several multipurpose learning areas.
At the time of the school's opening, student enrolment numbers totalled to approximately 350 students in Years 8 and 9. In 2022, the school's Year 7 cohort commenced as part of the Department for Education's statewide transition of Year 7 into the high school setting.
In 2022, it was announced that the school will be expanded. Soon after, the expansion began.

## Facilities

Facilities at Adelaide Botanic High School include:
* External learning and recreation areas in and around the parklands and on the upper levels of the two buildings
* Food Technology kitchens
* Indoor gymnasium and fitness studio
* Library and research centre
* Music and Drama performance, practice and learning spaces
* Performing Arts theatre
* Science, Design and Technology laboratories

## Incidents

On 24 August 2021, a 13-year-old school boy was charged with aggravated assault, carrying a dangerous weapon and common assault, after stabbing another student with scissors. On 23 February 2022, charges were dropped in "30 seconds".
# Fashion for a Cure

Fashion for a cure is a charity that aims to raise awareness of breast cancer, and to raise funds to research the cure or prevention of breast cancer.
The organization encourages local groups to host fashion shows where all the models are cancer survivors. JaQuitta Williams, a newscaster in Atlanta, appeared at a Fashion for a cure event and sang the Destiny's Child song "Survivor" after taking an 18-month leave of absence to beat her own cancer.
# Encephalartos princeps

Encephalartos princeps is a species of cycad that is native to Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

## Descriptions

This is a tall arborescent cycad species, with a stem reaching up to 6 meters in height. The stem can be erect, sometimes decumbent, or even hanging, with a diameter of 40–60 centimeters.
Its pinnate leaves are arranged in a crown at the top of the stem, measuring 100–130 centimeters long. They are silvery-green to bluish-green, with a 15–26 centimeter-long petiole. The leaves are made up of numerous lanceolate, opposite leaflets, each 15–19 centimeters long and 13–20 millimeters wide. They have a leathery texture and are attached to the rachis at a 45° angle.
This species is dioecious, meaning male and female reproductive organs are found on separate plants. Male specimens typically bear 1 to 3 sub-cylindrical, olive-green cones, each 16–26 centimeters long and 8–10 centimeters in diameter. Female specimens also have 1 to 3 cones, but these are ovoid, measuring 30–40 centimeters long and 20–25 centimeters in diameter.
The seeds are ovoid, about 24–26 millimeters long, and covered with a red sarcotesta.
* trunk
* Leaves
* Mature plant
# Alpha, Missouri

Alpha is an unincorporated community in Grundy County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

The town of Alpha, first called Lickskillet, came into existence circa 1850 when a store was opened by Samuel Dunham. At one point the town grew to a population of 200 and had a grocery store, two blacksmith shops, a dry goods store, two drug stores, a water-powered mill, a furniture factory, and four doctors.
In 1887, the Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul Railroad Company established the town of Laredo on the west side of Medicine Creek, bypassing Alpha on the east side of the creek. This railway division point, midway between Kansas City and Ottumwa, Iowa, dictated that jobs and prosperity would come to Laredo instead of Alpha. This caused Alpha citizens and businesses to relocate to Laredo. Ultimately, the Alpha Post Office was closed in 1904.
# Acteon fasuloi

Acteon fasuloi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Acteonidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 8.5 mm, its diameter 3.8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Argentina.