OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1845 in Belgium

Events in the year 1845 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Leopold I
* Prime Minister: Jean-Baptiste Nothomb (to 30 July); Sylvain Van de Weyer (from 30 July)

## Events

* 10 June – partial legislative election
* 16 September – Parliament meets in extraordinary session to debate responses to the failure of the potato crop
* 10 November – Commercial treaty with the United States signed by Thomas Green Clemson and Adolphe Deschamps in Brussels.

## Publications
### Periodicals

* Almanach de poche de Bruxelles (Brussels, M. E. Rampelbergh)
* Almanach royal de Belgique (Brussels, Librairie Polytechnique)
* Annales de la Société royale des beaux-arts et de littérature de Gand
* Annales parlementaires de Belgique, part 1, part 2.
* Annuaire de l'Université Catholique de Louvain, vol. 9 (Leuven: Vanlinthout & Vandenzande).
* Le bibliophile belge begins publication.
* Bulletin de l'Académie royale de médecine de Belgique, vol. 4.
* Compte-rendu des séances de la commission royale d'histoire, vols. 9 and 10
* Journal de l'Instruction publique begins publication.
* Messager des sciences historiques (Ghent, Léonard Hebbelynck)
* Nouvelle Revue de Bruxelles
* La renaissance: Chronique des arts et de la littérature, 6.

### Studies and reports

* Désiré Arnould, Situation administrative et financière des monts-de-piété en Belgique (Brussels, Imprimerie du Moniteur Belge)
* Giovanni Arrivabene, Sur la condition des laboureurs et des ouvriers belges (Brussels, Meline, Cans & co.)
* Adolphe Jullien, Notes diverses sur les chemins de fer: en Angleterre, en Belgique et en France (Paris, Carilian-Goeury & V. Dalmont)

### Others

* Les Belges illustres, vol. 3
* Hendrik Conscience, De Geschiedenis van België (Antwerp, J.-E. Buschmann, and Brussels, Alex Jamar).
* Lieven Everwyn, Korte levensschets van Jacob Van Artevelde (Ghent)
* Guillaume Tell Poussin, La Belgique et les Belges depuis 1830 (Paris, W. Couquebert)

## Births

* 24 January – Albert Desenfans, sculptor (died 1938)
* 27 January – Karel Ooms, painter (died 1900)
* 9 February – Henri Gondry, colonial administrator (died 1889)
* 25 February – Eugène Goossens, père, conductor (died 1906)
* 5 March – Alphonse Hasselmans, composer (died 1912)
* 13 June – Alphonse-Jules Wauters, writer and editor (died 1916)
* 24 June – Georges Nagelmackers, engineer and entrepreneur (died 1905)
* 9 August – Xavier Mellery, painter (died 1921)
* 17 November – Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, mother of Albert I of Belgium (died 1912)
* 2 December – Évariste Carpentier, painter (died 1922)

## Deaths

* 3 January – Philippus Jacobus Brepols (born 1778), entrepreneur
* 23 March – Dominique II Berger (born 1780), carillonneur
* 20 July – Alexandre Artôt (born 1815), violinist
# Ardozyga catarrhacta

Ardozyga catarrhacta is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1904. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales.
The wingspan is about 9 mm (0.35 in). The forewings are shining whitish-ochreous with five oblique dark fuscous marks or spots on the costa, the basal minute, the others larger posteriorly, last two confluent. There is a broad dark fuscous dorsal streak from the base to the tornus, with the extremities pointed and the upper edge projecting at one-fourth and more strongly at two-thirds. There is also a dark fuscous spot along the termen beneath the apex. The hindwings are whitish-grey.
# GON4L

GON-4-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GON4L gene. It is a nuclear protein containing two serine phosphosites and a lysine-glutamine cross-link and is thought to be a transcription factor.
# Gabinius paulsoni

Gabinius is a monotypic snout moth genus described by Carl Heinrich in 1956. Its only species, Gabinius paulsoni, described by Émile Louis Ragonot in 1888, is found in Chile.
The wingspan is 20–23 mm. The ground color of the forewings is olivaceous gray, strongly tinted with vinous brown in the dorsal area. The hindwings are translucent, yellowish white with a smoky tint towards the apex and along the terminal margin.
# Edward Rushworth (politician)

Edward Rushworth (17 October 1755 – 15 October 1817) was a British clergyman on the Isle of Wight, and a token politician.
Rushworth was the oldest son of Royal Navy Captain John Rushworth of Portsea in Hampshire. Educated at Winchester College and at Trinity College, Oxford, he became a deacon at Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight.
In 1780 he married Catherine Holmes, daughter of Reverend Leonard Holmes (later the 1st Baron Holmes). His father-in-law was the patron of both the parliamentary boroughs on the island.
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the two boroughs on the Isle of Wight for several periods between 1780 and 1797. He was MP for Yarmouth from 1781 to 1781, for Newport from 1784 to 1790, for Yarmouth in 1790, and for Yarmouth again from 1796 to 1797.
He appears to have held the seats only as a placeholder, and did not take part in any parliamentary proceedings.
# Field dominance

In video engineering, field dominance refers to the choice of which field of an interlaced video signal is chosen as the point at which video edits or switches occur.
There are two main choices for field dominance: odd or even. With odd field dominance the edit or switch occurs at the start of the odd field. With even field dominance the edit or switch occurs at the start of the even field (some equipment, such as vision mixers or switchers allow the field dominance to be set to 'none' which means the switch will occur on the next field boundary after the switch has been pressed).
Interlacing divides the frame into two fields, each containing half the number of lines. Each field is scanned in 1/60 second under the 525-line system (or 480i – often incorrectly referred to as NTSC) or 1/50 of a second under the 625-line system (or 576i – often incorrectly referred to as PAL). With interlaced systems there are an odd number of lines in each frame. This means that there is a half line offset between the fields, therefore the lines in the second field will be positionally interleaved with the lines in the first field.
The lines are numbered in the order in which they are scanned (so it is incorrect to talk of the 'odd numbered lines' and the 'even numbered lines' when referring to interlaced video - but see PsF Line Numbers). In 525/60 systems, by convention, the first field in the frame is considered the even field. In 625/50 systems, by convention, the first field in the frame is considered the odd field.
Selecting a consistent field dominance in vision switching and linear editing systems will maintain color framing synchronization. Re-editing old video material already edited with a different field dominance convention can be problematic, as it can lead to "flash fields" when old and new edits are made too close together.
The term field dominance is often incorrectly used to refer to field order, particularly when referring to a field order error such as can occur when converting between certain different video file formats. Analogue 525/60 systems field one, line one starts when the falling edge of the first equalizing pulse is coincident with the start of a line. In 625/50 systems field one line one starts with line sync being coincident with the falling edge of the first broad pulse in the analogue field sync. Digital formats use a single-bit in their Timing Reference Sequence as the "Field" flag. Field flag bit F=0 marks the first field of each frame. F=1 Marks the second field.

## PsF Line Numbers

In Progressive segmented frame (PsF), which is a way of sending a progressively scanned picture over an interlaced system, each alternate field will contain the odd and even lines of the original progressive scan. But once it is being carried as an interlaced picture the lines are numbered in the order they are being sent as with any 'normal' interlaced system.
# Federico Silva Muñoz

Federico Silva Muñoz (28 October 1923 – 12 August 1997) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works of Spain between 1965 and 1970, during the Francoist dictatorship.
# Glyphostoma supraplicata

Glyphostoma supraplicata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Clathurellidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Gulf of Aden.
# Balmoral, Maryland

Balmoral is an unincorporated community in Frederick County, Maryland, United States.
# Frédéric de Courcy

Frédéric de Courcy, born Frédéric Charlot de Courcy (16 August 1796, Paris – 6 May 1862, Paris) was a French dramatist, poet and chansonnier.

## Life

The son of Augustin Charlot de Courcy and Adélaïde Vallet, in 1826 he became sous-chef of La Poste's personnel department (under Jean-Baptiste Tenant de Latour).
He was the author of several comédies en vaudevilles, often in collaboration, including :
* 1817: L'Heureuse Moisson, ou le Spéculateur en défaut, one-act comédie en vaudevilles mingled with couplets by Jean-Toussaint Merle, Pierre Carmouche and Frédéric de Courcy, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, (September)
* 1820: La Cloyère d'huitres, ou les Deux Briquebec, onr-act comédie en vaudevilles by Pierre Carmouche, Frédéric de Courcy and Jean-Toussaint Merle, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, (25 January)
* 1820: La Petite Corisandre, one-act comédie en vaudevilles by Henri Dupin, Frédéric de Courcy and Carmouche, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, 11 October)
* 1822: Le Coq de village, tableau-vaudeville by Charles-Simon Favart avec des changements de Carmouche et Frédéric de Courcy, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, (16 July)
* 1822: La Réconciliation ou la Veille de la Saint-Louis, one-act tableau-vaudeville by Carmouche, Frédéric de Courcy and Ferdinand Laloue, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, (23 August)
* 1823: Les Deux Aveugles
* 1824: Ourika ou l'Orpheline africaine, drama in one act and in prose by Frédéric de Courcy and Jean-Toussaint Merle, music by Charles-Guillaume Alexandre, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, (3 April)
* 1825: In vino veritas, one-act comédie en vaudevilles by Saint-Ange Martin, Frédéric de Courcy and Carmouche, Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, 24 April
* 1832: Le Courrier de la malle, one of the first appearances of the famous character Joseph Prudhomme, played by the character's creator Henry Monnier
* 1835: Les Infortunes de Jovial, huissier chansonnier, voyage en trois actes et 6 tableaux mingled with singing, dances and body catching, by Emmanuel Théaulon and Frédéric de Courcy, Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, (22 October)
* 1836: Les Chansons de Desaugiers by Frédéric de Courcy and Emmanuel Théaulon, Théâtre du Palais-Royal
* 1837: Crouton, chef d'école, ou le Peintre véritablement artiste, tableau in one act mingled with couplets by Emmanuel Théaulon, Gabriel de Lurieu and Frédéric de Courcy, Théâtre des Variétés, (11 April)
* 1851: Le Vol à la roulade
* Le Voyage à Vienne, etc.
Until his death, he lived with his partner Adélaïde Alexandrine Verteuil. They never married, and had two sons – Alexandre Frédéric, known as an illustrator, and dramatist Charles Henry.

## Sources

* Dictionnaire de biographie française.
* Notice on Généanet
# Divjak, Vitez

Divjak is a village in the municipality of Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 1,369.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 741 | 54.1% |
| Croats | 606 | 44.3% |
| Serbs | 10 | 0.7% |
| other/undeclared | 12 | 0.9% |
| Total | 1,369 | 100% |
# Fulks

Fulks is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alice Fulks (born 1982), American voice and stage actress
* Clay Fulks (1880–1964), American writer
* Watson Fulks (1919-2001), American professor of mathematics and author
* Donna J. Fulks, American voice actress
* Gayle Fulks (born 1985), American women's basketball coach
* Joe Fulks (1921–1976), American basketballer
* Juli Fulks, American women's basketball coach
* Matt Fulks, American sports journalist
* Quentin Fulks, American campaign manager and political strategist
* Robbie Fulks (born 1963), American alternative country singer-songwriter and instrumentalist
# Arambram

Arambram is a small town near Madavoor, Kerala in India. Arambram is 20 km away from Calicut. It belongs to Madavoor Panchayath, Kozhikode Taluk and Kozhikode district. Arambram uses the Indian Standard Time as its time zone.

## General Information

* Arambram pincode is 673571
* Arambram nearest airport is the Calicut Airport.
* Arambram nearest railway station is the Calicut Railway station.
* Arambram has a population of approximately 6,000 people.

## Places of importance
### VMK Botanical Garden

The famous VMK Botanical Garden is situated here. In this garden, more than 250 species of plants are protected. Writer VM Koya is the founder of this garden. In 1991, VM Koya started traveling around India and in gulf countries in search of seeds to start his private plantation, now known as the VMK Botanical Garden. This botanical garden has become the habitat of animals and plants of different species.
Tourism department of the Government of Kerala has approved VMK Botanical garden as a tourist destination.

### Hanging Bridge connecting Arambram to Koduvally Panchayath

A hanging bridge connects Arambram to Koduvally Panchayath. This bridge crosses Punoor River. While passing through Calicut Wayanad Highway.
11°20′N 75°53′E﻿ / ﻿11.333°N 75.883°E﻿ / 11.333; 75.883
# GSK-4112

GSK-4112 is an experimental drug that was developed by GlaxoSmithKline as an agonist of Rev-ErbAα. It is used for studying regulation of the circadian rhythm and its influence on diverse processes such as adipogenesis, regulation of bone density, and inflammation.
# GSK1360707F

GSK1360707F is a potent and selective triple reuptake inhibitor. It is chemically related to amitifadine and NS-2359 (GSK-372,475). Until recently, it was under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder; its development was put on hold for strategic reasons.

## Synthesis

* BOC Protecting group.
* Enolization and trapping with triflate group (cf Comins' reagent).
* Suzuki reaction
* Reduction (only 1 mol eq. LAH because N-BOC can be reduced to N-Me)
* Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) removal of protecting group.
* Simmons–Smith reaction cyclopropanation.
* Williamson ether synthesis (c.f. NS patents & paxil).

## Transporter occupancy

GSK1360707F has recently (2013) been tested on baboons (Papio anubis) & humans for transporter occupancy using PET.
# GSK2881078

GSK2881078 is a drug which acts as a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM). It was developed for the prevention of muscle wasting and sarcopenia in elderly people.
In a phase II trial the drug was shown to be well tolerated and increased muscle strength in men with COPD.
# GZMB

Granzyme B is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the GZMB gene. Granzyme B is expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells.
CTL and NK cells share the remarkable ability to recognize specific infected target cells. They are thought to protect their host by inducing apoptosis of cells that bear on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis by CTL in cell-mediated immune response.
# GRN-529

GRN-529 is a drug that was developed by Wyeth as a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5).
A study conducted by Pfizer found that GRN-529 reduced repetitive behaviors without sedation and partially increased sociability in mouse models of autism.
Another study conducted by Pfizer found a therapeutically relevant effect in animal models of depression. It is theorized to work by reducing glutamate receptor hyperactivity.
# 1837 in Chile

The following lists events that happened during 1837 in Chile.

## Incumbents

President of Chile: José Joaquín Prieto

## Events
### June

* 3 June - Chilean Army officer Jose Antonio Vidaurre attempts to overthrow the Prieto government. The coup fails and Vidaurre is later executed.

### November

* 17 November - The Treaty of Paucarpata is signed, temporarily ending the War of the Confederation.
* 17 November - The 1837 Valdivia earthquake is felt from Concepción to Chonos Archipelago.

## Births

* 18 April - Eleuterio Ramírez (d. 1879)

## Deaths

* 4 October - José Antonio Vidaurre (b. 1798)
* 19 July - Agustín Eyzaguirre (b. 1768)
# 1891 Norwegian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Norway in 1891. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 63 of the 114 seats in the Storting. The Conservative Party and the Moderate Liberal Party contested the elections in an alliance, although separate lists were used in some constituencies.

## Results

| | Liberal Party | 51,780 | 50.84 | 63 | +25 |
| | Conservative Party | 50,059 | 49.16 | 35 | –16 |
| | Moderate Liberal Party | 50,059 | 49.16 | 16 | –9 |
| Total | Total | 101,839 | 100.00 | 114 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 101,839 | 98.94 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 1,092 | 1.06 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 102,931 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 128,368 | 80.18 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver ||||||
# Ferdinand Joubert

Jean Ferdinand Joubert de la Ferté (15 September 1810 – 17 November 1884) was a French engraver, photographer and inventor who developed new photographic techniques and engraved dies for numerous notable postage stamps while working for De La Rue in London. His engravings were used to produce stamps of the United Kingdom, the Confederate States of America, Belgium, Italy and several British colonies including British Columbia and Vancouver Island, Ceylon, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malta (the Halfpenny Yellow), Mauritius and New South Wales.

## Life

Joubert was born in Paris on 15 September 1810. He was a student of Henriquel-Dupont in 1829. Joubert married Francis Emelia in 1842. He died at Menton in 1884.
# Alfred Herrhausen Society

The not-for-profit Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft mbH (AHG), formally the Alfred Herrhausen Society for International Dialogue is Deutsche Bank's international forum. Founded in 1992, the society is named after the spokesman of Deutsche Bank's board of directors, Alfred Herrhausen, who was assassinated in 1989. It is part of Deutsche Bank's commitment to civil society. Since 2016, Its managing director has been Alfred Herrhausen's daughter Anna Herrhausen.
The work of the Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft focuses on the three programs "Cities," "Europe" and "Free Thinking."
The “Cities” programme is characterised by a long-standing collaboration with LSE Cities, an international research center for urban development at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The goal of the Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft is to promote the exchange of ideas and the discussion of important issues of the day. It has a network of partner institutions from around the world.
# Federico Vanelli

Federico Vanelli (born 9 March 1991) is an Italian marathon swimmer. He placed seventh in the men's marathon 10 kilometre event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
He saved the life of a 12-year-old who was about to drown.
# Felix Arscott

Felix Medland Arscott (12 November 1922 – 5 July 1996) was a British mathematician who was a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics from 1976. He was described by colleagues as a good friend and excellent teacher. Dr. Arscott was the founding head of the Applied Mathematics department at University of Manitoba from 1974 through 1986 and was named Professor Emeritus in 1995. Professor Arscott was described as an expert in the "higher special functions".
Felix Arscott was born in 1922 in Greenwich to Leonard Charles Arscott and Gladys Arscott (née Williams), with one sister Faith Muriel (1915–1987). He served in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, becoming a commissioned officer. He obtained an honours degree in mathematics from the University of London by private study. After obtaining his M.Sc. in 1951, he left the UK to teach mathematics at Makerere University in Uganda. Arscott obtained his Ph.D. at the University of London in 1956 with the dissertation titled Ellipsoidal Harmonics and Ellipsoidal Wave Functions. He held positions at Aberdeen, Battersea College of Technology (later the University of Surrey), and the University of Reading. By 1972, he had supervised six Ph.D. theses, and published 22 papers. He was a founding Fellow of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.

## Selected publications

* Table of Lamé polynomials, Pergamon Press, 1962 (with I. M. Khabaza)
* TWO-PARAMETER EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS IN DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Mathematics Research Center, US Army, Technical Summary Report #350, December 1962
* "Periodic Differential Equations: An Introduction to Mathieu, Lamé, and Allied Functions, Pergamon (1964)
* FLOQUET THEORY FOR DOUBLY-PERIODIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, F. M. Arscott and G. P. Wright, April 24, 1969
* translated O. Boruvka's Linear differential transformations of the second order, English Universities Press (1971)
* Introduction to applied mathematics (with Thomas G. Berry)
* Remedial mathematics for science and engineering,1983, (with Thomas G. Berry)
* Some Analytical Techniques for the Computation of Recessive Solutions on Linear Differential Equations 1987, University of Dundee Numerical Analysis Reports
* Heun's Differential Equations, Oxford University Press, 1995. (contributor)
# Felix Austria

Felix Austria may refer to:
* 'Alii bella gerunt, tu felix Austria nube,' a saying about the house of Habsburg; see Pax Austriaca
* Felix Austria (company), a food company
* Felix Austria!, a 2013 documentary; see Mark Orton
* Felix Austria (novel), a 2014 novel by Ukrainian writer Sofia Andrukhovych
# Alfred DeGaetano

Alfred DeGaetano (December 6, 1894 – May 3, 1958) was an American film and television editor. He worked for many years for 20th Century Fox, and was later employed by the Anglo-American Eagle-Lion Films during the late 1940s. From 1953 onwards he worked exclusively in television, editing a number of episodes for different shows.

## Partial filmography

* Love and Hate (1916)
* Love Aflame (1917)
* Heart Trouble (1928)
* Oh, For a Man! (1930)
* Charlie Chan Carries On (1931)
* The Black Camel (1931)
* Riders of the Purple Sage (1931)
* Murder in Trinidad (1934)
* Under the Pampas Moon (1935)
* Charlie Chan in Egypt (1935)
* Little Miss Nobody (1936)
* Ramona (1936)
* Midnight Taxi (1937)
* The Lady Escapes (1937)
* Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937)
* Dangerously Yours (1937)
* Scotland Yard (1941)
* Private Nurse (1941)
* Great Guns (1941)
* Lost Honeymoon (1947)
* Stepchild (1947)
* Gas House Kids in Hollywood (1947)
* Raw Deal (1948)
* Man from Texas (1948)
* In This Corner (1948)
* He Walked by Night (1948)
# Federación Deportiva Obrera

Federación Deportiva Obrera (Workers Sport Federation, FDO) was a sporting organisation in Argentina, made up by more than 60 football clubs. The federation was founded in 1924, on the initiative of the Communist Party of Argentina. Most FDO clubs were under the control of the Communist Party and worked in close cooperation with the neighbourhood committees of the party. FDO was led by Orestes Ghioldi and Enrique Chiarante. FDO players boycotted interviews for newspapers where there were labour disputes. FDO was dissolved by the Uriburu regime in 1930.