OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electronic differential

In automotive engineering the electronic differential is a form of differential, which provides the required torque for each driving wheel and allows different wheel speeds. It is used in place of the mechanical differential in multi-drive systems. When cornering, the inner and outer wheels rotate at different speeds, because the inner wheels describe a smaller turning radius. The electronic differential uses the steering wheel command signal and the motor speed signals to control the power to each wheel so that all wheels are supplied with the torque they need.

## Functional description

The classical automobile drivetrain is composed by a single Internal combustion engine providing torque to one or more driving wheels. The most common solution is to use a mechanical device to distribute torque to the wheels. This mechanical differential allows different wheel speeds when cornering. With the emergence of electric vehicles new drive train configurations are possible. Multi-drive systems become easy to implement due to the large power density of electric motors. These systems, usually with one motor per driving wheel, need an additional top level controller which performs the same task as a mechanical differential.
The ED scheme has several advantages over a mechanical differential:
* simplicity - it avoids additional mechanical parts such as a gearbox or clutch;
* independent torque for each wheel allows additional capabilities (e.g., traction control, stability control);
* reconfigurable - it is reprogrammable in order to include new features or tuned according to the driver’s preferences;
* allows distributed regenerative braking;
* the torque is not limited by the wheel with least traction, as it is with a mechanical differential.
* faster response times;
* accurate knowledge of traction torque per wheel.
However, the ED scheme also come with many disadvantages and drawbacks:
* errors and glitches are prone to happen, thus giving inaccurate reading and output as compared to conventional differential. These result in the wheels either receiving too much or little power and torque.
* increased premature tyre wear due to the inaccurate reading and output as compared to conventional differential.
* higher cost to manufacture and maintain the electronic systems.

## Applications

Several applications of this technology have proven successful and have increased vehicle performance. The application range is wide and includes the huge T 282B from Liebherr which is considered the world largest truck. This earth-hauling truck is driven by an electric propulsion system composed by two independent electric motors. These motors providing a maximum power of 2700 kW are controlled in order to adjust their speeds when cornering, thus increasing traction and reducing tire wear. The Eliica is also equipped with electronic differential; this eight-wheeled electric vehicle is capable of driving up to 370 km/h whilst maintaining perfect torque control on each wheel. Smaller vehicles for traction purposes and System on Chip controllers for generic vehicular applications are also available.
# Abdulaziz al-Shubaily

Abdulaziz al-Shubaily is a prominent Saudi human rights advocate. In 2010, al-Shubaily joined the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA), which has advocated for release of political prisoners and greater respect for human rights in Saudi Arabia. al-Shubaily has served as a lawyer for families of men held arbitrarily and without charge by Saudi authorities for months and years after their arrests, and has signed public statements calling for the release of arbitrary detainees, establishment of a constitutional monarchy, the right to peaceful assembly, and the popular election of members of the Saudi Shura Council. On May 29, the Specialized Criminal Court convicted him and sentenced him to eight years in prison and an eight-year ban on travel abroad for his peaceful activities. He remains out on bail pending appeal.
On January 10, 2017, the Specialized Criminal Court re-sentenced al-Shubaily to eight years in prison, an eight-year travel ban, and an eight-year ban on using social media after his release. The charges against him included "incitement against public order," "insulting the judiciary," "describing the ruling Saudi state – unjustly and wrongly – as a police state," and "participating in an unlicensed association." As of February 2017, he remained out of prison on bail, pending appeal.
In September 2017, al-Shubaily was arrested again, along with Issa al-Hamid, another ACPRA co-founder.
# Abel Xavier Nzuzi Lubota

Abel Xavier Nzuzi Lubota is an Angolan politician for the CASA–CE and a member of the National Assembly of Angola.
# Ella Lynch

Ella Lynch may refer to:
* Ella Scott Lynch, Australian actress
* Eliza Lynch (1835–1886: also known as Ella Lynch), the mistress of Francisco Solano López, president of Paraguay
# Abhijit (name)

Abhijit, Abijit, or Abhijeet is a masculine name common in the Indian subcontinent. The meaning of Abhijit is "victorious", "conqueror", or "who wins" in the Sanskrit language. Abhijit is the Sanskrit name for Vega, the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra.
Notable people with the name include:
* Abhijit Banerjee, Indian-American economist, Nobel Laureate in Economics 2019
* Abhijit Bhaduri, Indian author, columnist and management consultant
* Abhijit Chowdhury, India-based independent filmmaker
* Abhijit Chakraborty, Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Das (born 1969), Indian political leader & social activist
* Abhijit Deshmukh (engineer), Indian American engineer
* Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire), cricketer umpire
* Abhijit Deshpande, Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Dey, Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Tripura
* Abhijit Guha (Indian Army officer), Indian Army officer
* Abhijit Guha (director), Indian film director, actor and writer
* Abhijit Kale, former Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Kunte, Indian chess player
* Abhijit Karambelkar, Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Kokate, Indian film editor
* Abhijit Pohankar, Indian classical keyboardist and fusion music producer
* Abhijit Mukherjee, Indian politician
* Abhijit Mondal, Indian footballer
* Abhijit Mahalanobis, Indian-American engineer
* Abhijit Sarkar (cricketer), Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Sarkar (footballer), Indian footballer
* Abhijit Salvi, Indian cricketer
* Abhijit Sen, former member of the Planning Commission of India
* Abhijit Vaghani, Indian music composer and producer
* Abhijith (actor), Indian Kannada-language actor
* Abhijith Kollam, Indian playback singer, popular in Malayalam
* Abhijith P. S. Nair, India violinist
* Abhijeet Chavan, Indian actor who works in Marathi and Hindi films
* Abhijeet Gupta, Indian chess player
* Abhijeet Singh Sanga, Indian politician
* Abhijeet Bhattacharya, Indian playback singer best known by his first name
* Abhijeet Gupta (born 1989), chess grandmaster
* Abhijeet Kosambi (born 1982), classical singer and winner of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa -Maharashtra cha Maha Gayak
* Abhijeet Sawant (born 1981), singer and winner of Indian Idol
* Abhijeeth Poondla, Indian actor who works in Telugu films
* Abhizeet Asom, Indian politician, chairperson of the United Liberation Front of Assam (Independent)
* Abijeet (actor), Indian actor, who works in Telugu films
# Elsmore, New South Wales

Elsmore is a rural village, with a population of 327 (2006), in Gough County on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. The village is situated 10 km east of Inverell, New South Wales, just north of the Macintyre River and is within Inverell Shire.

## History

Elsmore (also known as Ellmore and originally Glenmore) station of about 50,000 acres (200 km$^2$) was settled by John Campbell in 1838. The first official licensees of this run were Campbell & Muir in 1839. In 1843 the owners were Brown & Alcorn. The recorded stock numbers in 1850 were: 66 horses, 1,300 cattle and no sheep. Alexander Campbell of Inverell Station owned Elsmore in 1852.
Around 1870 Joseph Wills, a shepherd, is believed to have been the first to find tin in the New England district. These heavy black grains that he found near Elsmore aroused his curiosity. Shortly after selling these to a traveller from Sydney a rush began to search the tin fields around here, Inverell and other nearby areas. The Elsmore mine was the first commercial tin mine in Australia and has produced tin from various alluvial deposits intermittently since 1871. The adjacent Sheep Station Hill has seen only minor scale hard rock and alluvial mining.
Elsmore Post Office opened on 1 February 1873 and closed in 1992.
The main industries are mining and agriculture.
The Bruderhof started a community known as Danthonia in Elsmore in 1999. They farm, produce signs and operate a publishing house.
# 1978 Torneo Godó

The 1978 Torneo Godó or Trofeo Conde de Godó was a men's tennis tournament that took place on outdoor clay courts at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain. It was the 26th edition of the tournament and was part of the 1978 Grand Prix circuit. It was held from 9 October until 15 October 1978. Eighth-seeded Balázs Taróczy won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Balázs Taróczy defeated Ilie Năstase 1–6, 7–5, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
* It was Taróczy's 2nd singles title of the year and the 4th of his career.

### Doubles

Željko Franulović' / Hans Gildemeister defeated Jean-Louis Haillet / Gilles Moretton 6–1, 6–4
# Haavakivi

Haavakivi is a village in Peipsiääre Parish, Tartu County in Estonia.
# Anthony Simmons

Anthony Simmons is the name of:
* Anthony Simmons (writer) (1922–2016), British writer and film director
* Anthony Simmons (American football) (born 1976), former NFL linebacker
* Anthony Simmons, called Tony Simmons (athlete) (born 1948), Welsh and English athlete
# Baikunthpur Assembly constituency

Baikunthpur Assembly constituency may refer to:
* Baikunthpur, Bihar Assembly constituency, an assembly constituency in Gopalganj district in the state of Bihar
* Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency
# Georgy Rykovanov

Georgy Nikolaevich Rykovanov (born February 9, 1954) – is a Soviet and Russian nuclear physicist, an organizer of science, a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics (1998), an Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2011), and a Hero of Labor of the Russian Federation (2020).

## Biography

In 1969, Rykovanov entered the specialized boarding school # 45 at Leningrad State University, and in 1971 he graduated. In 1977 he graduated from Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.
In 1977, he began working at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (now RFNC-VNIITF named after Academician E. I. Zababakhin). In 1995, he became the head of the theoretical department; in 1996 – deputy scientific advisor and head of the theoretical department; in 1998 – first deputy director, first deputy scientific supervisor and head of the theoretical department. From 1998 to 2012 he was Director of RFNC-VNIITF (dismissed at his own request.) Beginning May 31, 2012, his title was Scientific Director of RFNC-VNIITF.
He is the author of over 350 scientific papers. His scientific interests are in the field of nuclear energy and the development of nuclear weapons, proceedings on hydrodynamics, turbulence, detonation, physics of thermonuclear fusion, physics of high energy densities, extreme states of matter, and the development of laser and optoelectronic systems. He proposed an empirical model of the kinetics of detonation of low-sensitivity explosives. He is a participant in the development of nuclear production prototypes in service with the Russian Armed Forces.
In 2003, he was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of RAS. In 2011, he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## Awards

* 2020 – Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation
* 2005 – Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV class
* 2015 – Order of Alexander Nevsky
* 1985 – Order of the Badge of Honour
* 2002, 2009 – State Prize of the Russian Federation
* 2018 – Honorary Citizen of the Chelyabinsk Region
# George Smith (referee)

George Smith (14 October 1943 – 13 May 2019) was a Scottish football referee. He is best known for refereeing at the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy, where he officiated the game between Austria and Czechoslovakia, handing out seven yellow cards in what was a rough game.
Smith took charge of the 1980 (Celtic v Rangers), 1988 (Celtic v Dundee United) and 1990 (Aberdeen v Celtic) Scottish Cup finals. He also took charge of the 1988 (Aberdeen v Rangers) and 1989 (Aberdeen v Rangers) Scottish League Cup finals.
Smith died on 13 May 2019, aged 75.
# Athletics at the 1975 Pan American Games – Men's 10,000 metres

The men's 10,000 metres event at the 1975 Pan American Games was held in Mexico City on 13 October.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Luis Hernández | Mexico | 29:19.28 |
| | Rodolfo Gómez | Mexico | 29:21.22 |
| | Domingo Tibaduiza | Colombia | 29:25.45 |
| 4 | Garry Bjorklund | United States | 29:52.36 |
| 5 | Rafael Pérez | Costa Rica | 30:07.97 |
| 6 | Edmundo Warnke | Chile | 30:31.67 |
| 7 | John Gregorio | United States | 30:42.25 |
| 8 | Hipólito López | Honduras | 32:22.13 |
# Atmalı, Besni

Atmalı is a village in the Besni District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 1,692 in 2021.
The hamlet of Akkuyu is attached to the village.
# Atmalı, Nurdağı

Atmalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nurdağı, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Atma tribe and had a population of 264 in 2022.
# Atelopus eusebianus

Atelopus eusebianus, the Malvasa stubfoot toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical thigh-altitude grassland and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# George Stevens (jockey)

George Stevens (12 June 1833, Cheltenham – 2 June 1871, Cleeve Hill) was an English jockey, famous for having the most wins in the Grand National.
Stevens began his riding career at the age of 16 or 17. He rode Hardwick to victory in the Grand Annual steeple chase at Wolverhampton in 1851. From the beginning of 1848 to the end of 1870 he won 76 races. He rode 5 Grand National winners: Freetrader, 1856; Emblem 1863; Emblematic, 1864; The Colonel, 1869, 1870. He died on 2 June 1871 after suffering a skull fracture the previous day; his horse stumbled and threw him after bolting as Stevens was quietly riding home to his cottage on Cleeve Hill.
# George Stevenson (cricketer)

George Stevenson should not be confused with Bob Stephenson, real name George Stephenson, former Derbyshire and Hampshire cricketer.
George Stanley Stevenson (20 July 1876 – 25 July 1938) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1904.
Stevenson was born in Derby, the son of James Henry Stevenson, an ironmonger, and his wife Elizabeth. He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1904 season in a first-class match in May against London County captained by WG Grace. In the match, he made his top score of 9 and took a wicket. Stevenson's only County Championship match came against Essex a month later, in which he bowled economically without taking a wicket and made zero and 1 from the tailend.
Stevenson was a left-handed batsman who played 4 innings in 2 first-class matches with an average of 2.50 and a top score of 9. He was a left-arm fast-medium bowler and took 1 first-class wicket at an average of 92.00.
Stevenson died in Fritchley, Derbyshire at the age of 62.
# George Tibbits (disambiguation)

George Tibbits (1763–1849) was an American politician.
George Tibbits may also refer to:
* George Mortimer Tibbits (1796–1878), American livestock farmer, son of the above
* George Tibbits (composer) (1933–2008), Australian composer and architect
# Gerald Putnam

Gerald Putnam is an American businessman. He started Archipelago Holdings, an electronic communication network, in 1999. In 2006; it was acquired by the NYSE for almost $3 billion. Putnam was selected as one of the innovators of 21st century by Time magazine.
ArcaEx, Putnams' company, was built to instantly look at the Arca exchange for best prices and if not matched then to route to the bourse that displayed the best price.
When Putnam headed Arca's purchase of the Pacific Stock Exchange, he created the first ECN that was also a stock exchange. He also took Arca into options trading. John Thain, a perennial deal maker, did his first major deal since taking the helm at the NYSE when he merged with Arca.
This merger caused the 212-year-old (at time of merger) NYSE to demutualize and make an initial public offering. NYSE seatholders were each given roughly 80,000 shares of NYX in exchange for their now-obsolete NYSE seats. Shortly after the IPO the members-only luncheon club and barber shop and 20% of the old-fashioned trading floor were closed.
The newly established public NYSE soon merged with Euronext to form NYSE Euronext.
The company declared its first dividend in June 2007. Putnam was promoted to Vice Chairman and given additional responsibility overseeing SIAC. In August 2007, Putnam announced that he would leave his managerial duties with the NYX and remain involved as a consultant with an office in Chicago.
In February 2011 Putnam moved from his position on the board to the acting CEO of Trumarx Data Partners in Chicago. TruMarx Data Partners developed and currently operates COMET. COMET is the community of energy transactors. Which is an ECN networking site connecting large bilateral non-standard over the counter transaction of natural gas and power transactors.
# George W. Downs (physicist)

George W. Downs (1911 – November 8, 1964) was an American physicist and corporate officer.
Downs was born in 1911 in Mt. Vernon, South Dakota, and studied at the California Institute of Technology. In 1935, he was named chief engineer of the Lansing Manufacturing Company. In 1939, joined the William Miller Corporation, a scientific instruments developer in Pasadena, California.
During World War II, Downs served for a time as a physicist in the University of California's War Research Division, before returning to Caltech in 1943 as a development engineer on rocketry and torpedo projects.
In 1946, he helped organize the Applied Physics Corporation with Howard Cary, namesake of Cary Scientific Instruments. In 1963, Downs retired as the company's vice president, but continuing as a director until his death. later known as Cary Instruments, a division of Varian Medical Systems. In 1948, he was named president of Research Instrument Corporation.
Downs was a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, and a member of the Optical Society of American and the American Physical Society.
Downs died November 8, 1964, in Pasadena, California. The Downs-Lauritsen Laboratory of Physics, on the campus of the California Institute of Technology, is named after him.
# George W. Dowell

George W. Dowell was an American attorney and political candidate. He was born August 18, 1879, in Williamson County, Illinois.

## Career

In his early life, Dowell worked as a miner in Elkville, Illinois. He later became an attorney who practiced law in Du Quoin, Illinois. Along with William Lafont, he founded the village of Dowell, IL. They requested bids for property development as early as 1917. In February, 1920, the Dowell State Bank was opened in the town. Town founders George Dowell and William Lafont were among the first directors of the bank.
He later served as the general counsel for the Progressive Miners of America.

### Political career

Dowell ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination to the U.S. Senate in 1936. He unsuccessfully for nomination for the same office in 1938.
# George W. Draper III

George William Draper III (born August 5, 1953) is an American lawyer who served as a judge of the Supreme Court of Missouri from 2011 to 2023. He was appointed to the court by Governor Jay Nixon. Prior to his appointment to the Supreme Court, he served on the Missouri Court of Appeals from 2000 to 2011. From 1998 to 2000, he served as a circuit judge in the St. Louis County Circuit Court; from 1994 to 1998 he was an associate circuit judge on the same court. He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Morehouse College, and his Juris Doctor from Howard University School of Law. His term as Chief Justice ended on June 30, 2021. He retired from the bench on August 4, 2023, one day shy of reaching the court's mandatory retirement age of 70.
# George W. Walton

George W. Walton (March 27, 1844 – February 8, 1920) was an American veteran of the American Civil War, who received the Medal of Honor for valor. The medal was awarded on 6 August 1902 for actions with the 97th Pennsylvania Infantry as a private at Fort Hell, Petersburg, Virginia, on 29 August 1864. He was born in Upper Oxford Township, Pennsylvania, and died in Oxford, Pennsylvania, where he is now buried at the Oxford Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

For extraordinary heroism on 29 August 1864, in action at Fort Hell, Petersburg, Virginia. Private Walton went outside the trenches, under heavy fire at short range, and rescued a comrade who had been wounded and thrown out of the trench by an exploding shell.
# Athylia avara

Athylia avara is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1864.
# Atlantic City Armory

Atlantic City Armory is an armory at 1008 Absecon Boulevard in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
For the 1944 season the New York Yankees held spring training in Atlantic City. They made the 300-room Senator Hotel their headquarters, trained indoors at the armory and played at Bader Field.
In 2009 it was announced that the armory would be renovated and transformed in a youth recreation center. The $2.9 million in funding for the project was provided by the New Jersey Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety and the Community Redevelopment Agency. Renovations included the conversion of the drill floor to an indoor track and soccer field. Adjoining spaces were used for offices, classrooms, and locker rooms.

## Morris Guard Armory

There is another earlier armory in the city from an earlier era. Formed in 1887 as a military and social club, the Morris Guards were named after Colonel Daniel Morris, a Civil War veteran and wealthy businessman who donated funds to build the armory building on New York Avenue between Atlantic and Pacific Avenues. For many years, before the construction of the Convention Center, the armory was the entertainment center of the city. Plans to convert the building was announced in November 2014.