OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bettertonite

Bettertonite is a mineral of the arsenate category, named after John Betterton. He is a museum geologist and mineralogist at Haslemere Educational Museum in Surrey, England. Bettertonite is a white arsenate mineral with a formula of [Al$_6$(AsO$_4$)$_3$(OH)$_9$(H$_2$O)$_5$]・11H$_2$O. Bettertonite is in the monoclinic system and has a heteropolyhedral layered structure type. It is a natural forming polyoxometalate. Bettertonite forms in clusters of radiating rectangular laths. Laths are thin and usually < 20 μm laterally. Laths are flat on {010}. Bettertonite is similar to penberthycroftyite and it transforms into penberthycroftyite at low temperatures (67–97 °C).

## Physical Properties

Bettertonite is a white and translucent mineral. It has a vitreous and silky to pearly luster. It has a calculated density of 2.02 g/cm$^3$. Bettertonite has perfect cleavage on {010}. Bettertonite’s hardness and fracture were not observed. Bettertonite is nonpleochroic and biaxially positive with α = 1.511 (1), β = 1.517 (1), γ = 1.523 (1).

## Occurrence

Bettertonite was discovered in St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK, at the Penberthy Croft Mine. The Penberthy Croft Mine is known for the rare secondary CuPbFe arsenates that have been found there. Bettertonite most likely formed as a product of leaching and the replacement of Al to Fe in pharmacosiderite. Bettertonite infills isolated cavities in quartz veins and is associated with arsenopyrite, chamosite, liskeardite, pharmacoalumite, and pharmacosiderite.

## Structure, WDS data, and XRD data

Bettertonite forms in undulating layers that are parallel to (010). These undulating layers are made up of hexagonal rings of AlO$_6$ octahedra. The rings are connected by AsO$_4$ tetrahedra. The undulating stacking creates water-filled channels along [100]. Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDS) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used on Bettertonite to understand its chemical composition. WDS analyses, which included an average of 4 electron probes, yielded the following results when H$_2$O was calculated on structural grounds and the analyses was normalized to 100%: Al$_2$O$_3$ = 29.5, Fe$_2$O$_3$ = 2.0, As$_2$O$_5$ = 30.1, SO$_3$ = 1.8, Cl = 0.5, H$_2$O = 36.2. XRD results can be found in a table located below. The empirical formula (based on 9 metal atoms) is Al$_{5.86}$Fe$_{0.26}$(AsO$_4$)$_{2.65}$(SO$_4$)$_{0.23}$(OH)$_{9.82}$Cl$_{0.13}$(H$_2$O)$_{15.5}$.

## X-ray powder diffraction data

| D-Spacing | Intensity |
| 13.648 Å | (100) |
| 13.505 Å | (50) |
| 7.805 Å | (50) |
| 7.461 Å | (30) |
| 5.880 Å | (20) |
| 5.622 Å | (12) |
| 3.589 Å | (20) |
| 2.857 Å | (14) |
# High-Capacity Artillery Projectile

High-Capacity Artillery Projectile (HICAP), a 155 mm two-piece artillery shell, was developed by the U.S. Army from 1992 to 1996.
HICAP was part of a major effort by the U.S. Army – called the Composite Artillery Projectile Program – to develop lightweight ammunition for 155 mm M199 gun tubes. The program sought to replace 155 mm steel shells with a two-piece design permitting the weight savings to be allocated to increased payload or longer range. The project was collaborative effort between the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Aberdeen, MD and the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development, and Engineering Center (ARDEC) in Picatinny Arsenal, NJ. Five HICAP projectiles were successfully tested at the Yuma Proving Ground, AZ in June 1996.

## Background

The Army’s early 155 mm artillery had steel bodies and weighed 100 lbs. 65% percent of the weight of the shell was in the steel body. This original design, while durable enough to withstand inertial loads during firing, was limited in the amount of munitions that could be carried within the shell.
During the Composite Artillery Projectile Program, the Army sought to enhance the payload of 155 mm shells while reducing the ammunition’s bulk. A mass-efficient projectile, also called High-Capacity Artillery Projectile, was developed through the use of composite materials, which offered both weight reduction and material strength to withstand severe firing conditions.
While HICAP shell was a lighter ammunition than its predecessor, it lacked the outer shell mass for adequate stability during flight. A deployable fin assembly was designed from 1992 to 1994 at ARL, which included six-blade fins at the base of the shell, allowing the projectile to maintain forward center of gravity after firing.

## Description

The HICAP was a two-piece projectile using a six-blade fin configuration. The fins were designed to be stowed in the barrel and deployed from the shell at muzzle exit. The round consisted of two parts, each carrying a full single load of cargo. A quick-connect joint was designed at the center of the round to allow transport of the two pieces. When assembled, HICAP was 72 in long with ½ in wall thickness and weighed 74 lbs.
# 2013 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 48 kg

The women's freestyle 48 kilograms is a competition featured at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships, and was held at the László Papp Budapest Sports Arena in Budapest, Hungary on 18 September 2013.
This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals.

## Results
### Legend

* F — Won by fall

### Final

| Final | Final |
| Mayelis Caripá (VEN) | 0 |
| Eri Tosaka (JPN) | 7 |

### Top half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | Xu Cheng (CHN) | 6 | | | | |
| | | Mayelis Caripá (VEN) | 10 | | | | |
| | | | | Mayelis Caripá (VEN) | 8$^F$ | | |
| | | | | Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal (MGL) | 9 | | |
| | | Rebecca Muambo (CMR) | 1 | | | | |
| Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal (MGL) | 9 | Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal (MGL) | 7 | | | | |
| Mariya Livach (UKR) | 2 | | | | | Mayelis Caripá (VEN) | 6 |
| Alina Ryzhova (BLR) | 2 | | | | | Anna Łukasiak (POL) | 0 |
| Thalía Mallqui (PER) | 6 | Thalía Mallqui (PER) | 10 | | | | |
| Vũ Thị Hằng (VIE) | 0 | Pak Yong-mi (PRK) | 12 | | | | |
| Pak Yong-mi (PRK) | 4$^F$ | | | Pak Yong-mi (PRK) | 2 | | |
| Anna Łukasiak (POL) | 7 | | | Anna Łukasiak (POL) | 7 | | |
| Elitsa Yankova (BUL) | 0 | Anna Łukasiak (POL) | 11 | | | | |
| Yana Stadnik (GBR) | 6$^F$ | Yana Stadnik (GBR) | 4 | | | | |
| Anzhela Dorogan (AZE) | 2 | | | | | | |

### Bottom half

| Round of 32 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| Elena Vostrikova (RUS) | 5 | | | | | | |
| Natasha Kramble (CAN) | 0 | Elena Vostrikova (RUS) | 5 | | | | |
| Carolina Castillo (COL) | 6 | Carolina Castillo (COL) | 2 | | | | |
| Kang Eun-ju (KOR) | 3 | | | Elena Vostrikova (RUS) | 5 | | |
| Laura Peredo (MEX) | 5 | | | Mélanie Lesaffre (FRA) | 8 | | |
| Mélanie Lesaffre (FRA) | 7 | Mélanie Lesaffre (FRA) | 8 | | | | |
| Silvia Felice (ITA) | 6 | Silvia Felice (ITA) | 3 | | | | |
| Jaqueline Schellin (GER) | 5 | | | | | Mélanie Lesaffre (FRA) | 3 |
| Alyssa Lampe (USA) | 7 | | | | | Eri Tosaka (JPN) | 7$^F$ |
| Nirmala Devi (IND) | 0 | Alyssa Lampe (USA) | 0 | | | | |
| Mădălina Linguraru (ROU) | 0 | Eri Tosaka (JPN) | 8 | | | | |
| Eri Tosaka (JPN) | 6$^F$ | | | Eri Tosaka (JPN) | 11 | | |
| Mercédesz Dénes (HUN) | 0 | | | Tatyana Amanzhol (KAZ) | 7 | | |
| Patricia Bermúdez (ARG) | 4 | Patricia Bermúdez (ARG) | 0 | | | | |
| Evin Demirhan (TUR) | 0 | Tatyana Amanzhol (KAZ) | 8 | | | | |
| Tatyana Amanzhol (KAZ) | 7 | | | | | | |

### Repechage

| Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 1 | Repechage round 2 | Repechage round 2 | Bronze medals | Bronze medals |
| | | Xu Cheng (CHN) | 9 | Xu Cheng (CHN) | 8 |
| | | Tsogtbazaryn Enkhjargal (MGL) | 0 | Anna Łukasiak (POL) | 0 |
| Mădălina Linguraru (ROU) | 0 | Alyssa Lampe (USA) | 8 | Alyssa Lampe (USA) | 6$^F$ |
| Alyssa Lampe (USA) | 7 | Tatyana Amanzhol (KAZ) | 1 | Mélanie Lesaffre (FRA) | 0 |
# Blip (console)

Blip (stylized as Blip. THE DIGITAL GAME) is a tabletop electro-mechanical game marketed by Tomy starting in 1977 in the United States. The system can play a two-player game that is very similar to Atari's video game Pong, and a single-player game. In Germany, the system was sold under the name Blip-o-Mat. In Japan, the game was marketed as World Tennis.

## History

Blip was designed by Hikoo Usami for the Tomy Kogyo Co., the patent being filed in 1976 and awarded on December 19, 1977.
Tomy marketed Blip in the U.S. starting in 1977. In Japan, Blip was marketed as World Tennis and differed from the U.S. game by having the words "World Tennis" emblazoned on the screen and replacing the 1, 2, and 3 on the screen with silhouettes of tennis players. The Blip name remained on the Japanese version. In France, the game was marketed by Meccatronic. The German version was called Blip-o-Matic, although the Blip name remained on the case.

## Gameplay

For a two-player game, the game's selector switch is set to position 2 (for two players). The game is then turned on and the red LED ball lit up. Whichever side the ball is on serves first. The server's score counter is set to "0" while the receiver's counter was set to "R". The timer is then turned. A push of the "serve" button starts the game. The players must anticipate where the ball would land in one of three spaces on the "playing field" marked 1, 2, and 3. The player must then push the corresponding button before the ball "lands" on the space. If the player is successful in anticipating the ball's space and pushes the button in time, the ball is then "returned" to the opposing player. If the player anticipated wrongly, the ball stops and that player must then serve the ball, giving the opposing player 1 point.
Game play continues until either the timer stops or 10 points was earned by one of the players.
Blip is also capable of being played by a single person when the selector switch is set to position 1.

## Components

The game is housed in a plastic case with a translucent screen. On the screen is a dashed line dividing the screen in half (and simulating a net) and at either side are the three positions for the ball to land. The upper portion of the case also contains the three position buttons, the serve buttons, the player selector, and the timer dial. The underside contains the wheels to turn the score counters and the battery compartment.
It is the timer which provides the motor function to the game. Upon the timer dial being turned, a spring is wound which then, via several gears, drives the arm upon which the LED light (the ball) is mounted. The movement repeats after the ball hits each player's side 36 times, so it is possible to memorise the sequence of buttons to press.
The LED (and series resistor) is the only electrical component of the game, and is powered by two AA batteries. As a result, with sufficient ambient light the game is playable without batteries as one can see the unlit LED under the screen.

## Reviews

* Galileo
# Henry Martyn Baird

Henry Martyn Baird (January 17, 1832 – November 1906) was an American historian and educator. He is best known as a historian of the Huguenots.

## Life

A son of Robert Baird (1798–1863), the Presbyterian preacher and author who worked both in the United States and in Europe for the cause of temperance, Henry Martyn Baird was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 17, 1832. The younger Baird spent eight years of his early youth with his father in Paris and Geneva, and in 1850 graduated from New York University. He then lived for two years in Italy and Greece, was a student in the Union Theological Seminary in New York City from 1853 to 1855 and, in 1856, graduated from the Princeton Theological Seminary.
Employed for four years as a tutor at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), Henry Martyn Baird was then employed as a professor of Greek language and literature at New York University from 1859 until his death.

## Works

Henry Martyn Baird's research and writing regarding the Huguenots appeared in three parts, entitled respectively History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France (2 vols, 1879), The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre (2 vols, 1886), and The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (2 vols, 1895), and was described by the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as being "characterized by painstaking thoroughness, by a judicial temper, and by scholarship of a high order".
He also published Modern Greece, A Narrative of a Residence and Travels in that Country (1856); a biography of his father, The Life of the Rev. Robert Baird, D.D. (1866); and Theodore Beza, the Counsellor of the French Reformation (1899).
Baird was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1884. He died in New York City in November 1906.
# Anomalorhiza

Anomalorhiza is a genus of true jellyfish belonging to the family Lychnorhizidae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Anomalorhiza shawi. It has been found in the South China Sea off the coasts of Luzon and Hong Kong.
# House of Anguillara

Anguillara were a baronial family of Latium, especially powerful in Rome and in the current province of Viterbo during the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance.
The Anguillara were of Norman descent. They most likely took, or gave, their name from the city of Anguillara Sabazia, on the Lake Bracciano. The name itself could refer to the Italian word anguilla (eel), or, as claimed by some, to a Roman villa (villa angularia) on a corner (Latin: angulum) of the Lake.
A first Count Ramone Anguillara is recorded as a probably legendary enemy of the Popes. In 1090 is known a Gherardo, lord of Anguillara, who was allied with the Prefetti di Vico against the commune of Rome. His successors were John, who took Santa Severa, and Niccolò, who conquered Tolfa in 1146. In 1186 Pandolfo I started a long struggle with the Vicos for the control of northern Latium and met the Henry VI at Orvieto, also hosting him in 1191.
Pandolfo II sided with Henry's son, Frederick II, during the siege of Viterbo (1243), but was captured by the Papal troops and imprisoned at Ronciglione. The Anguillara fief was thus seized by Pietro di Vico, who reigned there until Pandolfo's return in 1246.
The chaotic situation caused by the move of the Papal seat to Avignon led the family to move their headquarters in Rome and Capranica, where Orso dell'Anguillara, Senator of Rome, hosted the poet Petrarch in 1336. Orso's mother was a member of the powerful Orsini, and married a member of the Colonna family, thus establishing the Anguillara as one of the most important Roman families.
Orso was succeeded by Pietro, Dolce and Everso II, who was a famous condottiero and conquered Vetralla, Caprarola and Santa Pupa. His son Francesco inherited his fame of tyranny and unloyalty: he was excommunicated and imprisoned in Castel Sant'Angelo, while all the family's possession were acquired by the Apostolic Chamber under Pope Paul II. Deifobo, the other Everso's son, managed to regain his lands, which he kept until his death in 1490. In that year Pope Innocent VIII assigned the Anguillara lands to his nephew Franceschetto Cybo.
The last notable member of the family is the condottiero Renzo da Ceri, who fought in the defence of Rome during the Sack of 1527. The family became extinct in the 18th century.
# Başpınar, Araban

Başpınar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Araban, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 270 in 2022.
# Giuseppe Frola

Giuseppe Frola (January 5, 1883, Turin – July 28, 1917, Turin) was an Italian historian and jurist.

## Biography

Giuseppe Frola was born on January 5, 1883, in Turin. He was the son of Secondo Frola, a politician and civil lawyer; and Luisa Balbis, a noble piedmontese. He studied at the University of Turin, in the School of Law, where he graduated with honors by working with Francesco Ruffini on a thesis that dealt with Canavese statutes, a subject that would later also be covered in several articles published in Ferdinando Gabotto's journal.
He devoted his activity, in this early stage, mainly to historical and historical-legal research particularly related to the Canavese and the statutes found in the various communities in the area. It was from these pieces of researches that he hypothesized a publication on the history of the statutes of the Canavese communities based on archival and library documents, including numerous manuscripts, which took him to Rome where he frequented the intellectual circles of the capital. His research was published posthumously in 1918, under the title Corpus statutorum Canavisii. This collection of considerable historical interest "offers valuable study material for the knowledge of the local legal discipline and for the most diverse testimonies of life and the rural society of a homogeneous territorial area such as Canavese between the late Middle Ages and the early modern age".
In addition to historical research, Giuseppe Frola, in 1906, became involved in the enhancement of Artistic and Archaeological Assets, taking on the role of secretary of the Society of Archaeology and Fine Arts for the Province of Turin, and then in 1911, he participated in the Piedmont Committee for the International Exhibition. He died in Turin on July 28, 1917.

## Works

Giuseppe Frola's works published in the collection Biblioteca della Società Storica Subalpina:
* Corpus Statutorum Canavisii (in Latin). Vol. 1. Torino: Scuola Tipografica Salesiana. 1918.
* Corpus Statutorum Canavisii (in Latin). Vol. 2. Torino: Scuola Tipografica Salesiana. 1918.
* Corpus Statutorum Canavisii (in Latin). Vol. 3. Torino: Scuola Tipografica Salesiana. 1918.
* "Cartario di Santa Maria di Belmonte e di San Tommaso di Buzzano". Cartari minori. Pinerolo. 1911.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
# Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquis of Sá da Bandeira

Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo, 1st Marquess de Sá da Bandeira (26 September 1795 – 6 January 1876) was a Portuguese nobleman and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Portugal for five times. He was the most prominent Portuguese defender of the abolition of slavery in Portugal and its domains.

## Life

Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo was born in Santarém in 1795 to Faustino José Lopes Nogueira de Figueiredo e Silva (1767–1830) and Francisca Xavier de Sá Mendonça Cabral da Cunha Godinho (1772–1829). Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo supported the liberal party during the Liberal Wars (1828–1834), and took part in the landing at Mindelo in July 1832. He fought in the Siege of Porto and was wounded in his right arm, which had to be amputated.
Sá da Bandeira was Minister of the Navy in the government of José Jorge Loureiro (1835–36). He was Prime Minister of Portugal for five terms:
* 5 November 1836 – 1 June 1837
* 10 August 1837 – 18 April 1839
* 17 April 1865 – 5 September 1865
* 22 July 1868 – 11 August 1869
* 29 August – 29 October 1870
He never married but he had a legitimised daughter born out of wedlock, named Luísa Aglaé Fanny de Sá Nogueira, who married her cousin Faustino de Paiva de Sá Nogueira. The city of Lubango, Angola, was called Sá de Bandeira when the Angolan territory was under Portuguese rule.
On 4 April 1833, he was created Baron of Sá da Bandeira , on 1 December 1834, he was created Visconde de Sá da Bandeira [pt] and on 3 February 1864, he was created Marquês de Sá da Bandeira [pt]. He was also a freemason.
# Highland moccasin

Highland moccasin may refer to:
* Agkistrodon contortrix, a.k.a. the copperhead, a venomous pitviper species found in North America
* Agkistrodon piscivorus, a.k.a. the cottonmouth, a venomous pitviper species found in the eastern United States
# Blue Ridge, Arizona

Blue Ridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Coconino County, Arizona, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

## Education

Most of Blue Ridge is in Chevelon Butte School District. The rest of Blue Ridge is in the Flagstaff Unified School District.
The Chevelon Butte District does not operate any schools. It sends its Blue Ridge area students to Pine Strawberry School District for elementary school, and Payson Unified School District (which operates Payson High School) for secondary school. Chevelon Butte Blue Ridge area students were previously sent to Winslow Unified School District. The zoned secondary schools for the Flagstaff USD portion are Mount Elden Middle School and Flagstaff High School.
# Henry Wallace Atkinson

Henry Wallace Atkinson (22 April 1866 – 26 April 1938) was an architect in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Many of his works are now heritage-listed.

## Early life

Henry Wallace Atkinson was born on 22 April 1866 in Brisbane, the son of Paul Cole Atkinson from Cork, Ireland and his wife Jane (née Creech). Having finished school, he was one of the first intake of students into the Brisbane Technical College in 1883.
He was a keen athlete and was Queensland champion cyclist in 1887.
He married Martha Jane Hipwood, daughter of James Hipwood (Mayor of Brisbane) on 30 April 1891 at St Philips Church of England at Thompson Estate (now Annerley).

## Career

He was articled to architect Christian Waagepetersen and then worked as a draughtsman in the office of the Queensland Colonial Architect from 1882 to 1890. In 1889, he submitted an entry into a competition for a new Head Fire Station on the corner of Ann and Edward Streets in Brisbane. Having won the competition, he left the Queensland Public Service and started his own private practice. The Head Fire Station was completed in December 1890 but has since been demolished. However, his architectural practice has continued through a series of partnerships.
In 1907, he took Charles McLay as his partner creating Atkinson and McLay. That partnership lasted until 1918, when McLay died. Atkinson then partnered with Arnold Henry Conrad (who had joined the firm in 1912) to create Atkinson and Conrad which lasted from 1918 until 1939.

## Later life

Henry Wallace Atkinson died at his home in Cavendish Road, Coorparoo, Brisbane on 26 April 1938. He had been in poor health for more than a year prior to his death and had to reduce his architectural work.

## Legacy

In 2015, the practice founded by Henry Atkinson is known as Conrad Gargett and celebrated its 125-year anniversary.
The University of Queensland Library holds many architectural drawings by Atkinson and his practice.

## Works

His works include:

### Atkinson

* Coorparoo School of Arts and RSL Memorial Hall (1892)

### Atkinson and Conrad

* former Balmoral Fire Station (1926)
* Brisbane Boys College (1930)
* former Coorparoo Fire Station (1935)

### Atkinson and McLay

* Ithaca Town Council Chambers (1910)
* Taabinga Homestead (garage, store and meat house, 1909)
# I-502

I-502 may refer to:
* Japanese submarine I-502
* Washington Initiative 502
# Frederick Schram

Frederick Robert Schram (born August 11, 1943, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American palaeontologist and carcinologist. He received his B.S. in biology from Loyola University Chicago in 1965, and a Ph.D. on palaeozoology from the University of Chicago in 1968 .
He has written over 200 papers on various aspects of crustacean biology, taxonomy and systematics, as well as several books, including the standard text Crustacea . In 1983, he founded the journal Crustacean Issues, which he continued to edit for over twenty years. Much of his career has been spent at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from which he retired in 2005. In July 2005, he became the Editor of the Journal of Crustacean Biology .
# Browns, Scott County, Missouri

Browns is an unincorporated community in Scott County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Browns was founded in the 1910s and once known as Brown’s Spur, being named after a canal building supervisor who had a railway spur built at the location to aid in the delivery of materials.
# Gunjaria railway station

vteKatihar–Siliguri line :
Legend :
Gunjaria railway station is a railway station on Katihar–Siliguri branch of Howrah–New Jalpaiguri line in the Katihar railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. It is situated beside National Highway 31 at Gunjaria of Uttar Dinajpur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.