OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edgbaston Village tram stop

Edgbaston Village is a tram stop on the West Midlands Metro located in Edgbaston. It opened on 17 July 2022 as the terminus of the Birmingham Westside extension, taking over from the Library. It is named for the newly created retail district in which it sits.
| Preceding station | Midland Metro | Following station |
| Five Ways | Line 1 | Terminus |
# Eddie Heatley

Eddie Heatley is a New Zealand former rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand in the 1970 World Cup.

## Playing career

Heatley played for the Otahuhu Leopards in the Auckland Rugby League competition and also represented Auckland. In 1970 he was selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team and played at the 1970 World Cup. He was also involved in the 1971 victory over Australia at Carlaw Park. In 1971 he won the Bert Humphries Medal as most improved forward in the ARL competition.
He spent the 1973 and 1974 seasons with the North Sydney Bears in the NSWRL Premiership.
# Edgbastonia pallida

Edgbastonia pallida is a species of small freshwater snails which have an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Tateidae.
This species is endemic to Australia.
# 4-Aminodiphenylamine

4-Aminodiphenylamine is a diphenylamine with an additional amine substituent. This dimer of aniline has various industrial uses, including as a hair dye ingredient, but also has raised concerns about toxicity by skin contact. It is also a starting material for the synthesis of 6PPD, an antiozonant for various rubber products. A colorimetric test for the quantitative analysis of nitrite, at levels below 100 nanograms per milliliter, is based on nitrite-catalyzed coupling of 4-aminodiphenylamine with N,N-dimethylaniline.

## Synthesis

The most common route of industrial production is by the metal catalysed reaction of aniline with 4‑nitrochlorobenzene to give 4‑nitrodiphenylamine (Buchwald–Hartwig amination):
Subsequent hydrogenation gives 4-aminodiphenylamine. An alternative is the direct reaction of nitrobenzene with aniline via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (vicarious nucleophilic substitution). This again requires a reduction step but is a good example of industrial green chemistry as it eliminates the need for organochlorine starting materials and metal catalysts.
# Edinburg, Missouri

Edinburg (also Edinburgh) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Grundy County, Missouri, United States, 5 miles (8 km) west of Trenton. As of the 2020 census, Edinburg had a population of 84.

## History

The hamlet was the first in Grundy County and was called "Buck Snort" in 1838 when Grundy County's first white settler William Preston Thompson established his house. A home of Thompson, for whom the Thompson Branch of the Grand River is named, is in nearby Crowder State Park.
A post office called Edinburg was established in 1857, and remained in operation until 1907. It is named for the Scottish city of Edinburgh.
Edinburg was home to Grand River College from 1850 until 1892 when it moved to Gallatin, Missouri, where it operated for a period under the auspices of William Jewell College before permanently closing in 1910 following a fire.
It is the birthplace of Major General Enoch Crowder of the United States Army, founder of the United States Selective Service in World War I.
# Edenbridge

Edenbridge may mean:
* Edenbridge (band), a symphonic metal band from Austria
* Edenbridge, Kent, a town in England
* Edenbridge, Saskatchewan, a former Jewish settlement in Canada
* Humber Valley Village, a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, commonly referred to as Edenbridge-Humber Valley
# Alfred Hermida

Alfred Hermida is a British-Canadian digital media scholar, and journalism educator. He is a Full Professor at the University of British Columbia School of Journalism, Writing, and Media, where he served as director for five and a half years (June 2015 – December 2020).
In 2017, he co-founded and launched The Conversation Canada with his UBC Journalism colleague, Mary Lynn Young, bringing academics and experienced journalists together to share timely analysis and commentary drawing from research, evidence and insights. He was a BBC journalist for 16 years and was a founding member of the BBCNews.com website in 1997.
His work focuses on investigating the convergence of media technologies, industries, content and audiences, through scholarly papers, applied projects and media activities designed to bridge theory and practice.
He is the co-author with Mary Lynn Young of Data Journalism and the Regeneration of News, published by Routledge in 2019.
His book, Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters, was published by DoubleDay Canada. The book examines how sharing is shaping our notions of an informed and engaged public, a media ecology of competing ideas, and a responsive political establishment. The book won the National Business Book Award in 2015.
In 2011, he co-authored Participatory Journalism: Guarding Open Gates at Online Newspapers, published by Wiley-Blackwell. He is also the co-editor of The Sage Handbook of Digital Journalism (Sage, 2016). His research has been published in Journalism Studies, Journalism Practice and M/C Journal, and he has contributed numerous chapters to academic texts.
He was named an IBM CAS Canada Research Faculty Fellow in 2010, 2011 and 2012, and won the 2011 UBC President's Award for Public Education Through Media. He was nominated in the 2011 Digi Awards for Canada's top social media maven. In 2005, he was the first digital journalist to be a Knight-Wallace fellow at the University of Michigan.
Hermida worked for the BBC from 1990 to 2006. During his four years as daily news editor of the BBC News website, the site won the BAFTA for best news website four years in a row. He joined the website after seven years in BBC radio and television news, working for regional, national and international outlets. Four of these years were as a BBC foreign correspondent in North Africa and the Middle East, mainly covering the military coup and Islamic insurgency in Algeria and the Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations. In February 1994, he was expelled from Tunisia for his coverage of human rights abuses.
He has a PhD from City University London.
# 1802 English cricket season

The 1802 English cricket season was the 31st in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status and the 16th after the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The season saw three top-class matches played in the country.

## Matches

Three top-class matches were played during the season, two of them staged at Lord's Old Ground and one at Aram's New Ground in Walworth. In one match an England XI played a Surrey side. The other matches were played between sides assembled by patrons.

## Debutants

Players known to have made their first-class debut during the season include:
* Abbott
* William Hall Gage
# 1796 in Australia

"none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]]
The following lists events that happened during 1796 in Australia.

## Leaders

* Monarch - George III
* Governor of New South Wales – John Hunter
* Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island – Philip Gidley King
* Inspector of Public Works – John Macarthur/Richard Atkins

## Events

* 16 January – Australia's first theatre opens in Sydney. Edward Young's The Revenge and the comedy The Hotel are the first works performed.
* 23 January – The distillation of spirits is prohibited.
* 5 February – Soldiers from the New South Wales Corps wreck a house belonging to millwright John Baughan.
* 10 February – Magistrate William Balmain challenges Macarthur over the house-wrecking incident.
* 29 February – Macarthur resigns as Inspector of the Public Works and is replaced by Richard Atkins.
* June – George Bass makes an unsuccessful attempt to cross the Blue Mountains. Coal is discovered near Port Stephens.
* 14 September – Governor Hunter complains to the Colonial Secretary of Macarthur's behaviour.
* 15 September – Macarthur complains to Colonial Secretary of Hunter's governing.
* 9 November – As Sydney grows, Hunter disbands the convict night watch. He divides Sydney into four districts responsible for their own watchmen and orders houses to be numbered.

## Births

* 20 March – Edward Gibbon Wakefield
* date unknown
** Henry Vincent, first superintendent of Rottnest Island Aboriginal Prison (d. 1869)
# Aylsham, Saskatchewan

Aylsham (2016 population: 65) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Nipawin No. 487 and Census Division No. 14. The village is approximately 65 km (40 mi) northeast of the city of Melfort.

## History

Aylsham incorporated as a village on 4 August 1947. The Aylsham post office was opened in 1921, named after Aylsham, Norfolk, England, which in turn was adopted for the community's name.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Aylsham had a population of 82 living in 38 of its 44 total private dwellings, a change of 26.2% from its 2016 population of 65. With a land area of 0.53 km$^2$ (0.20 sq mi), it had a population density of 154.7/km$^2$ (400.7/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Aylsham recorded a population of 65 living in 40 of its 44 total private dwellings, a -9.2% change from its 2011 population of 71. With a land area of 0.48 km$^2$ (0.19 sq mi), it had a population density of 135.4/km$^2$ (350.7/sq mi) in 2016.

## Climate

Climate data for Aylsham :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6 (43) | 7.5 (45.5) | 17 (63) | 31.1 (88.0) | 35 (95) | 38.5 (101.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 27 (81) | 17.8 (64.0) | 11 (52) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −14.3 (6.3) | −9.5 (14.9) | −2.4 (27.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 22 (72) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.3 (73.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 8.8 (47.8) | −3.5 (25.7) | −11.7 (10.9) | 6.7 (44.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −19.2 (−2.6) | −14.6 (5.7) | −7.8 (18.0) | 3.1 (37.6) | 11.1 (52.0) | 15.7 (60.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 16.7 (62.1) | 10.7 (51.3) | 3.6 (38.5) | −7.4 (18.7) | −16.2 (2.8) | 1.1 (34.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −19.7 (−3.5) | −13.2 (8.2) | −2.7 (27.1) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.4 (48.9) | 11.4 (52.5) | 10 (50) | 4.6 (40.3) | −1.6 (29.1) | −11.2 (11.8) | −20.7 (−5.3) | −4.5 (23.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.4 (−47.9) | −44 (−47) | −37 (−35) | −29.4 (−20.9) | −9 (16) | −2 (28) | 1.1 (34.0) | −2 (28) | −7.8 (18.0) | −22 (−8) | −37.5 (−35.5) | −42 (−44) | −44.4 (−47.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17.6 (0.69) | 14.1 (0.56) | 19.4 (0.76) | 23.9 (0.94) | 46.2 (1.82) | 79.2 (3.12) | 80.4 (3.17) | 60.4 (2.38) | 46.1 (1.81) | 33 (1.3) | 23 (0.9) | 22.4 (0.88) | 465.6 (18.33) |
| Source: Environment Canada ||||||||||||||

## Notable people

* Greg Classen Former NHL hockey player
* Karlene Faith Canadian writer, feminist, scholar, and human rights activist
# Dodecapharmacum

A dodecapharmacum is a medicine of twelve ingredients.
The best known was the Apostles' Ointment (Latin: Apostolorum unguentum), or Ointment of Venus (Latin: unguentum Veneris) which was an ointment attributed to Avicenna (d.1037) made of twelve ingredients. The ingredients were turpentine, wax, gum ammoniac, birthwort roots, olibanum, bdellium, myrrh and galbanum, opoponax, verdigris, litharge, plus olive oil, and vinegar.
Avicenna describes the ingredients and proportions of such a recipe in Qanun V.1.11. Some later writers have questioned whether the title of the recipe "Ointment of the Apostles," or "Ointment of Venus" were used by Avicenna himself, however when an Arabic version of the Canon of Medicine (القانون في الطب) was first printed in 1593 in Rome, recipe no. 442 (Arabic ٤٤٢) was entitled "ointment of the Apostles" (Arabic: مرهم الرسل marham ur rusul). The name "Ointment of the Apostles" for the 12-ingredient recipe appears in the works of the Dominican priest Teodorico Borgognoni (1267) and the Inventarium sive chirugia magna of Guy de Chauliac (1330s). Renaissance pharmacy texts such as the Antidotarium Romanum (Rome, 1590) also include the recipe as Unguentem Apostolorum. The Arabic equivalent of the Latin Unguentum Apostolorum is found in later Arabic medical texts such as the translations into Arabic of the Nestorian Christian physician David of Antioch (d.1596).
Naming of the ointment of the Apostles as ointment of Venus occurs in the works of Jehan Yperman (c.1260-c.1330). However many remedies were called "..of Venus" and also widely known in antiquity was an eye-salve called "the plaster of Isis" distinct from later "Ointment of Venus."
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (Urdu 1899) claimed that this ointment was known as the "Ointment of Jesus" (Arabic: مرهم عيسى marham-i-Isa) and had helped Jesus recover from the wounds of crucifixion, in support of his claim that Jesus did not die upon the Cross and was saved. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed that he was the Promised Messiah and Mahdi.
# Alexander Begg

Alexander Begg may refer to:
* Alexander Begg (1825–1905), Scottish-Canadian teacher, civil servant and journalist
* Alexander Begg (1839–1897), Canadian journalist and businessman
* Alexander Charles Begg (1912–1991), New Zealand paediatrician
# Fun (Coldplay song)

"Fun" is a song by British rock band Coldplay, featuring Swedish singer Tove Lo. It is the sixth track from their seventh studio album, A Head Full of Dreams (2015). The song was produced by the band's long-time record producer Rik Simpson along with Norwegian production duo Stargate.

## Background and recording

The song was recorded by the band during sessions for their seventh studio album in 2014, at their purpose-built studios The Bakery and The Beehive in North London, England, both originally constructed for work on their three previous studio albums, 2008's Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends, 2011's Mylo Xyloto and 2014's Ghost Stories respectively.

## Composition

"Fun" has been described as an "uplifting, airy scene bolstered by the beautifully-meshed duet" with Tove Lo, who joins Chris Martin in singing, "Didn't we have fun? Don't say it's all a waste." Martin's vocals are preceded by a "distant, distorted" guitar part. The song has electronic heartbeats over some Coldplay's mid-tempo work, with a "Cure-style darkness towards the end".
Stereogum's Tom Breihan called "Fun" a "divorce" song, referring to Martin's breakup with Gwyneth Paltrow, and said the song ends "with the suggestion that maybe they'll get back together someday". The song has the name title and concept as another song written by Chris Martin in 2008, which was left off Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends and was released by Australian singer-songwriter Natalie Imbruglia.

## Reception

Judah Joseph of The Huffington Post said Martin's and Tove Lo's vocals "[weaved] seamlessly", and he complimented the former for his "effortless" crooning. Referring to Martin's allusion to his separation from Paltrow, Tom Breihan of Stereogum wrote, "It’s a rare moment of acute, cutting humanity from a songwriter who tends to prefer sloppy vagaries." Furthermore, he said, "And goofy though it may be, I like that Coldplay are still pretentious enough to build an entire song from a few piano tones and a recitation of an ancient Rumi poem.

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from A Head Full of Dreams liner notes.

### Coldplay

* Guy Berryman – bass guitar, keyboards
* Jonny Buckland – lead guitar, keyboards
* Will Champion – drums, programming
* Chris Martin – lead vocals, acoustic guitar

### Additional musicians

* Mikkel S Eriksen – additional instruments, production, mixing
* Tor Erik Hermansen – additional instruments, production, mixing
* Tove Lo – featured vocals
* Rik Simpson – audio mixer
# Gotschalk

Gotschalk may refer to:

## People

* Friedrich Gotschalk (1786–1869), German-Danish businessman and Consul-General
* Felix C. Gotschalk, American psychologist

## Companies

* Fr. & E. Gotschalk, Danish company founded in 1820
# 1990 European Indoor Championships

The 1990 European Indoor Championships was an ATP men's tennis tournament held in Berlin, Germany from 8 October until 14 October 1990. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was part of the World Series tier of the 1990 ATP Tour. Sixth-seeded Ronald Agénor won the singles title by defeating eighth-seeded Alexander Volkov in the final.

## Finals
### Singles

Ronald Agénor defeated Alexander Volkov, 4–6, 6-4, 7–6$^{(10–8)}$
* It was Agénor's 2nd singles title of the year and the 3rd and last of his career.

### Doubles

Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Kevin Curren / Patrick Galbraith, 7–6, 7–6
# Bakkehaugen Church

Bakkehaugen Church is a church, located in the neighborhood of Tåsen in Oslo, Norway.
In 1938, an architectural competition was announced. This was won by architect Ove Bang. The construction of the church was delayed due to World War II and lack of funding. The winning draft was reworked by architect Erling Viksjø before his death in 1942. The construction of the church started in the late 1950s. The church was consecrated by bishop Johannes Smemo on December 20, 1959.
The church building has been awarded the architectural prize Betongtavlen for outstanding construction in concrete. The building is a typical representative of its time.
The church is built in natural concrete and has a boathouse shape (Triangle). It has a freestanding bell tower. The facility also houses offices and parish halls. The church was somewhat expanded in 1994, and the church gained new copper roofs in 1999.
The decorations in the church room are done by Kai Fjell og Carl Nesjar.
The church is listed by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage and protected by Norwegian law.
# Ballyboodan Ogham Stone

Ballyboodan Ogham Stone (CIIC 038) is an ogham stone and National Monument located in County Kilkenny, Ireland.

## Location

Ballyboodan Ogham Stone lies in an enclosure on the roadside, 1.7 km (1.1 mi) south of Knocktopher.

## History

Ballyboodan Ogham Stone was carved c. AD 700–900. It was rediscovered before 1841, and was knocked down by treasure-seekers. In 1850 the tenant of the land wanted to destroy it as an obstacle to the plough, but luckily it was saved by the landlord, Sir Hercules Richard Langrishe, 3rd Baronet.

## Description

Ballyboodan Ogham Stone is a block of slate measuring 231 × 175 × 23 cm and has Ogham carvings incised on one edge. ᚛ᚉᚑᚏᚁᚔᚕᚑᚔᚋᚐᚊᚔᚂᚐᚏᚔᚇ᚜ (CORBI KOI MAQI LABRID, "Here is Corb, son of Labraid").
# Ballybofey and Stranorlar

Ballybofey–Stranorlar is a built up area in County Donegal, Ireland, comprising the villages of Ballybofey and Stranorlar, which face each other across the River Finn.
Ballybofey and Stranorlar can be seen from MacCumhaill Park, where Donegal plays home matches.
# Gottfried III of Raabs

Gottfried III of Raabs (died c. 1160) was Burgrave of the medieval Burgraviate of Nuremberg from around 1146 until his death.

## Life

Gottfried III was a member of the von Raabs family, an edelfrei family named after their first castle, Burg Raabs an der Thaya in Lower Austria. His father, Gottfried II, and his uncle, Conrad I were de facto joint Burgraves of Nuremberg from 1105, however, they used the title of Castellan. Gottfried III was the first member of the family to be specifically referred to as "Burgrave"; in a document written in 1154, he is called burggravius de Norinberg.
Gottfried III died around 1160 and was succeeded by his cousin Conrad II of Raabs. When Conrad II died around 1192, the von Raabs family died out in the male line, and the Burgraviate of Nuremberg fell to the Hohenzollern dynasty.
# Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim

Gottfried I, Count of Sponheim (c. 1115 - ff. 1183) was a member of the House of Sponheim, son of Meginhard I, Count of Sponheim. He was count of Sponheim from 1136 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Gottfried II.
* This article about a member of the German nobility is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Balie Swart

Izak Stephanus de Villiers "Balie" Swart (born 18 May 1964) is a South African former rugby union player. He played as a prop, with the ability to play on either the loosehead or the tighthead side. He earned 16 caps for the South Africa national team between 1993 and 1996.

## Playing career

Swart is a product of Paarl Gimnasium and represented and captained the Western Province Schools team at the 1983 Craven Week tournament. He also was selected for the South African Schools team in 1983, once again the captain. After school he played for the University of Stellenbosch before making his provincial debut for Western Province in 1987.
During 1992, he joined Transvaal, now the Golden Lions and until 1999, playing over a hundred games for the union. He was part of the 1993 side that won the Super 10, Lion Cup and Currie Cup in one season.
He had 16 caps for South Africa, from 1993 to 1996, never scoring. He was a member of the winning team at the 1995 World Cup finals, where he played in four games, including as tighthead prop in the 15–12 final win against the All Blacks. He also played in the first edition of the Tri Nations competition, in 1996. Swart also played in fifteen tour matches for the Springboks.

## Coaching career

After ending his player career, in 1999, he became a coach and started with the Golden Lions. In 2000 he moved to New Zealand, coaching at Nelson Bays and at the Highlanders. On his return to South Africa he was assistant coach at the Sharks and Springbok scrum coach during the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In 2011 he started working for SA Rugby, assisting coaches and referees with scrum laws and later became involved with SANZAR, working with the referees.
# Bambalouma

Bambalouma is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kongasso, Kounahiri Department, Béré Region, Woroba District.
Bambalouma was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Bambali, Gambia

Bambali is a town in eastern Gambia. It is located in Upper Baddibu District in the North Bank Division. As of 2012, it has an estimated population of 1,264.
# 1990 Geneva Open

The 1990 Geneva Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts that was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and was played at Geneva in Switzerland from 10 September through 17 September 1990. Second-seeded Horst Skoff won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Horst Skoff defeated Sergi Bruguera 7–6$^{(10–8)}$, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
* It was Skoff's only title of the year and the 5th of his career.

### Doubles

Pablo Albano / David Engel defeated Neil Borwick / David Lewis 6–3, 7–6
* It was Albano's only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Engel's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.
# Ballard (given name)

Ballard is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Ballard Berkeley (1904–1988), English actor
* Ballard Campbell, American historian
* Ballard MacDonald (1882–1935), American lyricist
* Ballard Smith (baseball) (born 1946), American sports executive, district attorney
* Ballard Smith (Virginia politician), American politician
# 3C 223

3C 223 is a Seyfert galaxy located in the constellation of Leo Minor. It hosts a Type 2 quasar nucleus, found to be radio-loud with a rare, Compton-thick active galactic nucleus.
3C 223 is also a radio galaxy. With a projected size of ≥1 megaparsecs, it is classified a giant radio source according to researchers who presented Very Large Array images. Based on spectral study results, the source of 3C 223 is found to be younger.

## Gallery

* 3C 223 by Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters
* 3C 223 observed in radiowaves