OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gnowee

In Wotjobaluk mythology, Gnowee is a female personification of the Sun. She was once a woman who lived upon the Earth at a time when it was eternally dark, and people could only move about with the aid of bark torches. One day, she left her little son sleeping while she went out to dig for yams. Food was scarce, and Gnowee wandered so far that she reached the end of the Earth, passed under it and emerged on the other side. Not knowing where she was, she could not find her little son anywhere, so she climbed into the sky with her great bark torch to get a clearer view. She still wanders the sky to this day, lighting the whole world with her torch as she continues to search for her lost son.
# Bab Moulay Ismaïl

Bab Moulay Ismaïl (Arabic: باب مولاي إسماعيل) is one of the city gates of Meknes, Morocco. It dates back to the 17th century and was named after Moulay Ismail.
# 1980 National Challenge Cup

The 1980 National Challenge Cup was the 67th edition of the USSF's annual open soccer championship. Teams from the North American Soccer League declined to participate. New York Pancyprian-Freedoms defeated Maccabee A.C. in the final game. The score was 3–2.
# 1978 Torneo di Viareggio

The 1978 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.

## Format

The 16 teams are seeded in 4 groups. Each team from a group meets the others in a single tie. The winner of each group progress to the final knockout stage.

## Participating teams
### Italian teams

* Fiorentina
* Inter Milan
* Juventus
* Milan
* Napoli
* Perugia
* Roma
* Sampdoria

### European teams

* OFK Beograd
* Dukla Praha
* Levski-Spartak
* Bastia
* Olympiacos
* Benfica
* Real Murcia

### Asian teams

* Beijing Youth

## Group stage
### Group A

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Fiorentina | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | +6 |
| OFK Beograd | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | +1 |
| Sampdoria | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -3 |
| Beijing Youth | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | -4 |

### Group B

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Levski-Spartak | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | +7 |
| Dukla Praha | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 |
| Milan | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | -3 |
| Napoli | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 7 | -6 |

### Group C

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Inter Milan | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | +6 |
| Benfica | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | +1 |
| Perugia | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | +1 |
| Olympiacos | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 | -8 |

### Group D

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| Roma | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 |
| Real Murcia | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 |
| Juventus | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Bastia | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | -6 |

## Knockout stage

| Quarter-finals | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Benfica | 0 | | |
| Roma | 1 | | |
| Roma | 1 | Roma | 1 |
| | | Inter Milan | 0 |
| Inter Milan(pen) | 0 | Inter Milan | 0 |
| Real Murcia | 0 | | | | |
| Real Murcia | 0 | | | Roma | 0 |
| | | | | Fiorentina | 4 |
| OFK Beograd | 2 | | | Fiorentina | 4 |
| Levski-Spartak | 0 | | | | |
| Levski-Spartak | 0 | OFK Beograd | 0 | | |
| | | Fiorentina(pen) | 0 | Third place | Third place |
| Dukla Praha | 0 | Fiorentina(pen) | 0 | Third place | Third place |
| Fiorentina | 2 | | | | |
| Fiorentina | 2 | | | Inter Milan | 3 |
| | | | | OFK Beograd | 1 |

## Champions

* Torneo di Viareggio 1978 Champions
* Fiorentina 4th time
# Baba Dariya Din

Baba Dariya Din is a medium size village in Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It has populace of 479 of which 255 are males while 224 are females according to Population Census 2011.
# Glutaredoxin 2 (bacterial)

In molecular biology, the glutaredoxin 2 family is a family of bacterial glutaredoxins. Unlike other glutaredoxins, glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) cannot reduce ribonucleotide reductase. Grx2 has significantly higher catalytic activity in the reduction of mixed disulphides with glutathione (GSH) compared with other glutaredoxins. The active site residues (Cys9-Pro10-Tyr11-Cys12, in Escherichia coli Grx2, which are found at the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains are identical to other glutaredoxins, but there is no other similarity between glutaredoxin 2 and other glutaredoxins. Grx2 is structurally similar to glutathione-S-transferases (GST), but there is no obvious sequence similarity. The inter-domain contacts are mainly hydrophobic, suggesting that the two domains are unlikely to be stable on their own. Both domains are needed for correct folding and activity of Grx2. It is thought that the primary function of Grx2 is to catalyse reversible glutathionylation of proteins with GSH in cellular redox regulation including the response to oxidative stress. These enzymes are not related to GLRX2.
# B63

B63 may refer to :
* Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer, Rauzer attack, according to the list of chess openings
* HLA-B63, an HLA-B serotype
* Bundesstraße 63, a German road
* B63 (New York City bus) in Brooklyn
* 63 amp, type B – a standard circuit breaker current rating
# Godwin Enakhena

Godwin Enakhena is a Nigerian sports journalist and analyst. He currently serves as the Director of Sports of Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries ( M.F.M)

## Recognition

In 2014, Godwin Enakhena was awarded the Sports Journalist of the year Radio at the Nigeria Sports Awards ceremony which was held at the Muson Centre, Onikan, Lagos .
Godwin is the Sports Administrator, Chairman Sporting Lagos FC, Gen Sec. Of NPFL Club Owners Association, and Director of Sports MFM.
# Bab al-Wazir

Bab al-Wazir - the Minister's Gate - was one of the gates in the walls of the Old City of Cairo. It was finished in 1341 by a vizier of Sultan An-Nasir Muhammad and demolished in 2013.
It was part of the Ayyubid-wall in the Darb al-Ahmar district of historic Cairo next to Aqsunqur Mosque and gave Bab el-Wazir street its name. Also located in the vicinity is the Bab al-Wazir Cemetery, which contains a number of Mamluk mausoleums and structures, including the restored Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi. There are plans to restore the gate.
# Goemon

Goemon may refer to:
* Ishikawa Goemon (1558–1594), legendary ninja warrior and bandit hero
* Goemon Ishikawa XIII, his fictional descendant, created by Monkey Punch for his manga series Lupin III
* Goemon (film), a 2009 film by Kazuaki Kiriya
* Ganbare Goemon, the video game series
* Koji Nakagawa, a Japanese wrestler who previously wrestled as Goemon
# 1981 Australian Endurance Championship

The 1981 Australian Endurance Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for car manufacturers, contested with Group C Touring Cars. It was the 11th circuit racing manufacturers' championship title to be awarded by CAMS and the first to carry the Australian Endurance Championship name. No driver's title was awarded in connection with this championship.
Toyota were awarded the championship with a maximum possible score of 36 points, from Ford on 27, with Holden, Mazda and Mitsubishi tied for third on 24 points each. Toyota's score was attained by Graeme Bailey, with three class wins, and Peter Williamson, with one. Both drove Toyota Celicas.

## Calendar

The championship was contested over a four round series with each round staged as a single race of between 250 km and 500 km.
| Round | Race name | Circuit | Date | Winning driver | Car | Entrant | Report |
| 1 | None | Adelaide International Raceway | 26 July | Peter Brock | Holden VC Commodore | Marlboro Holden Dealer Team | |
| 2 | Valvoline 250 | Oran Park Raceway | 23 August | Dick Johnson | Ford XD Falcon | Palmer Tube Mills | |
| 3 | Hang Ten 400 | Sandown Raceway | 13 September | Peter Brock | Holden VC Commodore | Marlboro Holden Dealer Team | Report |
| 4 | International Resort 300 | Surfers Paradise International Raceway | 1 November | Allan Moffat | Mazda RX-7 | Peter Stuyvesant Racing | |

## Classes

Cars competed in four classes based on engine capacity.
* Class A: 3001 to 6000cc
* Class B: 2001 to 3000cc
* Class C:1601 to 2000cc
* Class D: Up to 1600cc

## Points system

Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places in each class at each round, but only for the position attained by the best placed car of each make. No bonus points were awarded for outright placings.

## Championship results

| Position | Manufacturer | Car | Class | Adelaide | Oran Pk | Sandown | Surfers | Total |
| 1 | Toyota | Toyota Celica | C | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 36 |
| 2 | Ford | Ford Capri V6 | B | - | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |
| =3 | Holden | Holden VC Commodore | A | 9 | - | 9 | 6 | 24 |
| =3 | Mazda | Mazda RX-3 & Mazda RX-7 | B | 9 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 24 |
| =3 | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Lancer | D | 9 | 6 | 9 | - | 24 |
| 6 | BMW | BMW 635CSi | A | 3 | - | - | 4 | 7 |
| 7 | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo Alfetta | C | - | - | 4 | - | 4 |
| 8 | Triumph | Triumph Dolomite | C | - | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| 9 | Volkswagen | Volkswagen Golf | D | - | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| 10 | Chevrolet | Chevrolet Camaro | A | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Note: Each manufacturer was ranked according to its best total class pointscore, e.g. Ford was awarded second place in the championship for the 27 points attained by Ford Capris in Class B, regardless of the points scored by Ford Falcons in Class A or Ford Escorts in Classes C & D. Only the best total class pointscore result for each manufacturer is shown in the above table.
# Going Back to the Blue Ridge Mountains

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Going Back To The Blue Ridge Mountains is a live album by the progressive bluegrass band Country Gentlemen. It includes songs performed live by the "almost classic" lineup of the group (without Tom Gray, with Ed Ferris on bass). The recordings come from live performances during early and mid 60's.

## Track listing

* Going Back to the Blue Ridge Mountains 2:00
* Going to the Races 2:09
* Azzuro Campana 2:41
* Dark as a Dungeon 5:05
* Copper Kettle 3:01
* Billy in the Low Ground 2:19
* I Saw the Light 2:09
* Tom Dooley #2 2:55
* Brown Mountain Light 2:43
* Electricity 2:30
* Daybreak in Dixie 2:22
* Mary Dear 3:52
* Sad and Lonesome Day 2:40
* Cripple Creek 2:49
* Don't This Road Look Rough and Rocky 3:16
* Muleskinner Blues 3:58

## Personnel

* Charlie Waller - guitar, vocals
* John Duffey - mandolin, vocals
* Eddie Adcock - banjo, vocals
* Ed Ferris - bass, vocals
# George Ray

George Ray may refer to:
* George Augustus Ray (1819–1893), Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* George H. Ray (1847–1910), Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly
* George W. Ray (1844–1925), United States Representative from New York
* George R. Ray (1869–1935), politician in Manitoba, Canada
* George Ray (footballer, born 1993), English-born Welsh footballer
* George Ray (1920s footballer), English footballer
# Antonio de Obregón

Antonio de Obregón was a Spanish writer and film director. He was a supporter of the Falange movement.

## Selected filmography

* House of Cards (1943)
* The Butterfly That Flew Over the Sea (1948)
* The Maragatan Sphinx (1950)
# Frigg UK System

The Frigg UK System is a natural gas transportation system from the North Sea gas fields to St. Fergus near Peterhead in Scotland. It transports natural gas from the Alwyn North, Dunbar, Ellon, Grant, Nuggets, Frigg, Bruce, Ross, Captain, Buzzard, Tartan, Piper, Chanter, Galley, Hamish, Highlander, Ivanhoe, MacCulloch, Petronella, Saltire, and Rob Roy, fields.

## History

Construction of the main pipeline, the Frigg UK pipeline, started in 1974 and was completed in 1977. It was built to transport natural gas from the Frigg gas field to the United Kingdom. Because of technical limitations, it was decided to build two parallel pipelines, one (the Frigg UK pipeline) by the United Kingdom and one by Norway (former Frigg Norwegian Pipeline, now Vesterled). Even in British waters, until 1998 both pipelines were in Norwegian jurisdiction.

## Technical description

The system comprises the Frigg UK pipeline, Alwyn pipeline, other connection lines, and processing facilities at the St Fergus Gas Terminal. The 110-kilometre (68 mi) long Alwyn pipeline with diameter of 24 inches (610 mm) connects Alwyn North Field with the Frigg Field's TP1 bypass spool. From the TP1 the 362-kilometre (225 mi) long original Frigg UK Pipeline with diameter of 32 inches (810 mm) runs to the St Fergus Gas Terminal, alongside of the Vesterled pipeline. An 18-inch (460 mm) diameter pipeline connects Tartan and Piper fields with the Frigg UK Pipeline at the MCP-01 platform, 173 kilometres (107 mi) northeast of Aberdeen. The Frigg UK System is operated by Total E&P UK Ltd.
# FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup

The FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The first tournament was held in 2024.

## Results

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match | Number of teams |
| Year | Host | Winner | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place | Number of teams |
| 2024 Details | Muscat, Oman | Netherlands | 5–2 | Malaysia | Oman | 3–2 | Poland | 16 |

## Successful national teams

Teams reaching the top four :
| Team | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place |
| Netherlands | 1 (2024) | | | |
| Malaysia | | 1 (2024) | | |
| Oman | | | 1 (2024*) | |
| Poland | | | | 1 (2024) |
    * = host country

## Team appearances

| Team | 2024 | Total |
| Australia | 11th | 1 |
| Egypt | 6th | 1 |
| Fiji | 15th | 1 |
| India | 5th | 1 |
| Jamaica | 16th | 1 |
| Kenya | 7th | 1 |
| Malaysia | 2nd | 1 |
| Netherlands | 1st | 1 |
| New Zealand | 12th | 1 |
| Nigeria | 14th | 1 |
| Oman | 3rd | 1 |
| Pakistan | 9th | 1 |
| Poland | 4th | 1 |
| Switzerland | 10th | 1 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 8th | 1 |
| United States | 13th | 1 |
| Total | 16 | |
# Full Moon on the Quad

Full Moon on the Quad, also referred to as FMOTQ, is an annual tradition at Stanford University. During the event, students gather at Main Quad and kiss one another starting at midnight. Typically organized by the Junior class cabinet, the festivities include live entertainment, such as music and dance performances.
The tradition has undergone many changes since its inception. It originally featured female Stanford first-years lining up to receive a rose and a kiss on the cheek from male Stanford seniors, but eventually, the tradition lost its formality and came into its present form. The event originally occurred under the first full moon of the year, but in 2017, it was pushed back to the first full moon of winter quarter to encourage greater participation from first-years. As the tradition has progressed and with the wake of the Me Too movement, there has been a greater emphasis on consent. The most recent iteration involved participants wearing different colored glowing necklaces, with green indicating openness to a kiss, yellow indicating openness to just a hug, and red indicating intentions to only observe.
# Evelyn Stevens

Evelyn Stevens may refer to:
* Evelyn Stevens (cyclist)
* Evelyn Stevens (wrestler)
* Evelyn Paniagua Stevens, American scholar of Latin American studies
# Franz Koehn

Franz Koehn was a German art director. He worked designing sets for the German film industry, mainly during the Nazi era.

## Selected filmography

* The Private Secretary (1931)
* The Typist (1931)
* The Traitor (1936)
* My Son the Minister (1937)
* Frau Sixta (1938)
* Congo Express (1939)
* The False Step (1939)
* Laugh Bajazzo (1943)
* Kohlhiesel's Daughters (1943)
* The Marriage of Figaro (1949)
* Heart of Stone (1950)
# 2019 Kowloon City District Council election

The 2019 Kowloon City District Council election was held on 24 November 2019 to elect all 25 members of the Kowloon City District Council. It was part of the 2019 Hong Kong local elections.
The pro-democrats scored a historic landslide victory in the election amid the massive pro-democracy protests, taking control of the council by securing 15 of the 25 seats. The Democratic Party emerged as the largest party, overtaking DAB with 10 seats.

## Overall election results

Before election:
| 4 | 20 |
| Pro-dem | Pro-Beijing |
Change in composition:
| 15 | 10 |
| Pro-democracy | Pro-Beijing |
Kowloon City District Council election result 2019 :
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| Independent | 7 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 28.0 | 41.9 | 60,292 | |
| Democratic | 10 | 8 | 0 | +8 | 40.0 | 27.0 | 38,796 | +20.3 |
| DAB | 4 | 0 | 4 | −4 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 23,329 | –8.2 |
| BPA | 3 | 0 | 2 | −2 | 12.0 | 8.2 | 11,760 | +5.1 |
| Civic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 3,934 | +0.3 |
| Liberal | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 2.1 | 2,952 | |
| LSD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1,538 | |
| FTU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1,315 | −2.1 |
# 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 800 metres

The men's 800 metres event at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Gävle, Sweden, at Gavlehov Stadium Park on 12 and 14 July.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Mateusz Borkowski Poland | Spencer Thomas Great Britain | Pablo Sánchez-Valladares Spain |

## Results
### Heats

Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Simone Barontini | Italy | 1:48.86 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Mateusz Borkowski | Poland | 1:48.88 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Spencer Thomas | Great Britain | 1:49.12 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Eduardo Romero | Spain | 1:49.34 | q |
| 5 | 2 | Pablo Sánchez-Valladares | Spain | 1:49.49 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | John Fitzsimons | Ireland | 1:49.64 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Gabriel Tual | France | 1:49.65 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | Markus Einan | Norway | 1:49.91 | q |
| 9 | 2 | Gabriele Aquaro | Italy | 1:49.99 | |
| 10 | 2 | Andreas Kramer | Sweden | 1:50.17 | |
| 11 | 1 | Leonardo Cuzzolin | Italy | 1:50.52 | |
| 12 | 1 | Markus Teijula | Finland | 1:50.53 | |
| 13 | 2 | Benediktas Mickus | Lithuania | 1:50.59 | |
| 14 | 1 | José Carlos Pinto | Portugal | 1:51.01 | |
| 15 | 1 | Sven Cepus | Croatia | 1:51.05 | |
| 16 | 2 | Kevin Viezee | Netherlands | 1:51.38 | |
| 17 | 2 | Daniels Bambals | Latvia | 1:52.89 | |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Mateusz Borkowski | Poland | 1:48.75 |
| | Spencer Thomas | Great Britain | 1:49.06 |
| | Pablo Sánchez-Valladares | Spain | 1:49.36 |
| 4 | Eduardo Romero | Spain | 1:49.39 |
| 5 | Gabriel Tual | France | 1:49.43 |
| 6 | John Fitzsimons | Ireland | 1:49.75 |
| 7 | Markus Einan | Norway | 1:49.79 |
| 8 | Simone Barontini | Italy | 1:49.91 |
# 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres event at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Gävle, Sweden, at Gavlehof Stadium Park on 13 July.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Jimmy Gressier | France | 14:16.55 | |
| | Hugo Hay | France | 14:17.00 | |
| | Abdessamad Oukhelfen | Spain | 14:17.23 | |
| 4 | Tadesse Getahon | Israel | 14:17.43 | |
| 5 | Suldan Hassan | Sweden | 14:19.96 | |
| 6 | Tariku Novales | Spain | 14:22.76 | |
| 7 | Said Mechaal | Spain | 14:24.41 | |
| 8 | Elzan Bibić | Serbia | 14:26.40 | |
| 9 | Mohamed Mohumed | Germany | 14:27.36 | |
| 10 | Francesco Breusa | Italy | 14:27.91 | |
| 11 | Petros Surafel | Great Britain | 14:28.63 | |
| 12 | Godadaw Belachew | Israel | 14:29.32 | |
| 13 | Fabien Palcau | France | 14:31.83 | |
| 14 | Sebastiano Parolini | Italy | 14:32.72 | |
| 15 | William Fuller | Great Britain | 14:32.86 | |
| 16 | Jens Mergenthaler | Germany | 14:38.32 | |
| 17 | Fearghal Curtin | Ireland | 14:39.50 | |
| 18 | Micheal Power | Ireland | 14:40.59 | |
| 19 | Jennen Mortier | Belgium | 14:42.00 | |
| 20 | Devin Meyrer | Germany | 14:43.63 | |
| 21 | Pierre Murchan | Ireland | 15:00.23 | |
| 22 | Emil Danielsson | Sweden | 15:06.67 | |
| 23 | Dillon Cassar | Malta | 15:30.77 | PB |
| | Dorin Andrei Rusu | Romania | DNF | |
| | Dario Ivanovski | North Macedonia | DNS | |
# Dragon Coaster

Dragon Coaster is the name of several amusement park roller coasters:
* Dragon Coaster (Dorney Park), built by Zamperla, Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom near Allentown, Pennsylvania
* Dragon Coaster (Playland), Playland in Rye, New York
* Dragon Coaster (Everland), Everland, Yongin, South Korea
# Dragon's Game

Dragon's Game is the collective name for a series of fantasy novels written by Carol L. Dennis and Richard E. Dennis. The series is set within the known timeline, making no alterations to Earth's history, but adding onto it in other locations. The storyline spans from the 1960s to the 21st century, and features three generations of heroes, descended from the original protagonist.

## Novels

* Dragon's Pawn (Carol L. Dennis, Questar: 1987 and Pale Horse Publishing: 1999)
* Dragon's Knight (Carol L. Dennis, Questar: 1989)
* Dragon's Queen (Carol L. Dennis, Questar: 1991)
* Dragon's Game (Carol L. Dennis, Wildside Press: 2004) - Omnibus containing above
* Dragon's Rook (Carol and Rick Dennis, Pale Horse Publishing: 2006)
* Dragon's Bishop (as by Carol Dennis and Rick Dennis, Pale Horse Publishing: 2007)
* Gunnora's Dragons (as by Carol Denni, Wildside Press: 2011)
# Douglas Carruthers

Alexander Douglas Mitchell Carruthers (4 October 1882 – 23 May 1962) was an explorer and naturalist of some repute. He was the son of the Reverend William Mitchell Carruthers of Holbrook, and was an explorer in the Middle East in the early 1900s.

## Biography

Carruthers was born in London and was educated at Haileybury College and Trinity College, Cambridge. He worked as secretary to a number of people active at the Royal Geographical Society, and underwent training in land survey work, also becoming an expert taxidermist.
Carruthers took part in the British Museum expedition to Rwenzori Mountains in the Congo, 1905–1906 and sent home specimens of birds and mammals. In 1910 he joined John H. Miller and Morgan Philips Price in an expedition through the desert of Outer Mongolia, publishing two volumes on Unknown Mongolia in 1913.
In 1915, Carruthers married Mary Morrison Hill Trevor in St. George's, Hanover Square, London. She died in 1948, and on 3 September 1948 he married Rosemary Arden Clay (born 12 August 1908 in Banstead, Surrey).
During the First World War Carruthers was employed mainly at the War Office compiling maps of the Middle East; his later career consisted largely of writing, map making and working with explorers and travellers.

### Awards

In 1910 Carruthers was awarded the Gill Memorial, and in 1912 the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society, which he was to serve as Honorary Secretary from 1916 to 1921 and as a Fellow from 1909 to 1962. In 1956 Carruthers was awarded the Sykes Medal of the Royal Central Asian Society.

### Legacy

In 1972 Professor Owen Lattimore gave The First Douglas Carruthers Memorial Lecture on "Douglas Carruthers and Geographical Contrasts in Central Asia".
He wrote many books, and collected a large number of specimens, some of which are still the only samples of those species in the British Museum, and some bear his name, "nnn Carruthersi".

### Death

He died in London on 23 May 1962, aged 79. Upon his death, his papers were lodged at the Royal Geographical Society in London. He had no children.