OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Darvi

Darvi may refer to:
* Darvi, Govi-Altai, Mongolia
* Darvi, Khovd, Mongolia
* Bella Darvi
# Elements of Algebra

Elements of Algebra is an elementary mathematics textbook written by mathematician Leonhard Euler around 1765 in German. It was first published in Russian as "Universal Arithmetic" (Универсальная арифметика), two volumes appearing in 1768-9 and in 1770 was printed from the original text. Elements of Algebra is one of the earliest books to set out algebra in the modern form we would recognize today (another early book being Elements of Algebra by Nicholas Saunderson, published in 1740), and is one of Euler's few writings, along with Letters to a German Princess, that are accessible to the general public. Written in numbered paragraphs as was common practice till the 19th century, Elements begins with the definition of mathematics and builds on the fundamental operations of arithmetic and number systems, and gradually moves towards more abstract topics.
In 1771, Joseph-Louis Lagrange published an addendum titled Additions to Euler's Elements of Algebra, which featured a number of important mathematical results.
The original German title of the book was Vollständige Anleitung zur Algebra, which literally translates to Complete Instruction to Algebra. Two English translations are now extant, one by John Hewlett (1822), and the other, which is translated to English from a French translation of the book, by Charles Tayler (1824). On the 300th birth anniversary of Euler in 2007, mathematician Christopher Sangwin working with Tarquin Publications published a digitized copy based on Hewlett's translation of the first four sections (or Part I) of the book.
In 2015, Scott Hecht published both print and Kindle versions of Elements of Algebra (ISBN 978-1508901181) with Euler's Part I (Containing the Analysis of Determinate Quantities), Part II (Containing the Analysis of Indeterminate Quantities), Lagrange's Additions, and footnotes by Johann Bernoulli and others.
# Aposteira

Aposteira is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Aposteira saurides, is found in Madagascar. Both the genus and species were first described by Prout in 1935.
# Benedictus van Haeften

Benedictus van Haeften (1588 – 31 July 1648) was the Provost of Affligem Abbey and a writer of religious works.
Haeften commissioned Rubens and De Crayer to decorate the church and the monastery in Affligem.

## Biography

Van Haeften was a Benedictine writer, provost of the Abbey of Affligem. He was born in Utrecht, 1588, and died 31 July 1648, at Spa, Belgium, where he had gone to recover his health.
After studying philosophy and theology at the Catholic University of Leuven, he entered the Benedictine Abbey of Affligem in 1609, took solemn vows on 14 May 1611, and was ordained priest in 1613. He then returned to Leuven to continue his theological studies, but was recalled to his monastery when he was about to receive the licentiate in theology.
In 1616 he became prior, and in 1618 Matthias Hovius, Archbishop of Mechelen, who was at the same time Abbot of Affligem, appointed him provost of his monastery. Affligem at the time belonged to the Bursfeld Union, and under the prudent direction of van Haeften was in a flourishing condition.
Jacob Boonen, who had succeeded Hovius as archbishop and abbot in 1620, desired to join the monastery to the new Congregation of St. Vannes, in Lorraine, which had a stricter constitution than Bursfeld. After some hesitation, van Haeften agreed to the change, and on 18 October 1627, began his novitiate under the direction of a monk of the Congregation of Lorraine. Together with eight of his monks, he made confession according to the new reform on 25 October 1628, and founded the Belgian Congregation of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin. The new reform enjoined perpetual abstinence, daily rising at two o'clock in the morning, and manual labour joined with study. The new congregation was of short duration. Archbishop of Mechelen brought about its dissolution in 1654.
Van Haeften is the author of a learned and painstaking work of monastic researches in the life and rule of St. Benedict.
Professor Carme López Calderón suggests that the engravings in Van Haeften's Schola cordis were used as a reference in the decoration of the "Chapel of Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes" in Lugo Cathedral. Those in Regia via Crucis found their way into French emblem books of the seventeenth century.

## Works

* van Haeften, Benedictus (1635), Regia via Crucis (Holy Cross)
* van Haeften, Benedictus (1640), Schola cordis (School of the Heart)
* van Haeften, Benedictus (1644), Disquisitiones Monasticae (Monastic Disquisitions)
# Trichophorum

Trichophorum is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Plants in this genus are known as deergrasses in Britain but are sometimes known as bulrushes in North America.

## Species

Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of February 2024:
* Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers.
* Trichophorum analecta (Beetle) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm.
* Trichophorum clementis (M.E.Jones) S.G.Sm.
* Trichophorum clintonii (A.Gray) S.G.Sm.
* Trichophorum coahuilense (Svenson) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum dioicum (Y.N.Lee & Y.C.Oh) J.Jung & H.K.Choi
* Trichophorum distigmaticum (Kük.) T.V.Egorova
* Trichophorum dolichocarpum Zakirov
* Trichophorum evadens (C.D.Adams) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum filipes (C.B.Clarke) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum inversum (Dhooge & Goetgh.) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum mattfeldianum (Kük.) S.Yun Liang
* Trichophorum planifolium (Spreng.) Palla
* Trichophorum pumilum (Vahl) Schinz & Thell.
* Trichophorum rigidum (Steud.) Goetgh., Muasya & D.A.Simpson
* Trichophorum scabriculme (Beetle) J.R.Starr, Lév.-Bourret & B.A.Ford
* Trichophorum schansiense Hand.-Mazz.
* Trichophorum subcapitatum (Thwaites) D.A.Simpson
* Trichophorum tepaliferum (T.Koyama & Guagl.) Lév.-Bourret & J.R.Starr
* Trichophorum uniflorum (Trautv.) Karav.
# Ziridava rubridisca

Ziridava rubridisca is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in southern India and Sri Lanka.
# White Bear

White bear may refer to:

## Animals

* Polar bear, also known as a white bear
* Kermode bear, or spirit bear, a subspecies of American black bear in British Columbia, Canada
* White bear of Henry III, an individual bear of the medieval period

## Buildings

* The White Bear, Clerkenwell, a public house in London
* White Bear railway station, a former train station in Adlington, Lancashire, England

## People

* Satanta (Kiowa leader) (ca. 1820–1878), or White Bear, great chief of the Kiowa tribe
* White Bear (Wabimakwa) (died 1870), Chief of Temagami First Nation, Ontario

## Places
### Canada

* White Bear, Saskatchewan, a hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada
* White Bear 70, an Indian Reserve in Saskatchewan

### United States

* White Bear Township, Minnesota, in Ramsey County
* White Bear, Missouri, an unincorporated community

## Other uses

* White Bear (album), by the Temperance Movement, or the title song, 2016
* "White Bear" (Black Mirror), a 2013 television episode
* Night of the White Bear, 1971 Canadian novel by Alexander Knox
# Zhang Rongkun

Zhang Rongkun (simplified Chinese: 张荣坤; traditional Chinese: 張榮坤; pinyin: Zhāng Róngkūn; born 1973 in Suzhou, Jiangsu) is one of the richest men in China; he was listed as China's 16th richest man on Forbes's 2005 list of the richest people in China. Zhang was a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and is currently the chairman of Fuxi Investment Holding Company and is a major shareholder in Shanghai Electric Group. He was a member of the board of directors on Shanghai Electric Group until his resignation in August 2006. In 2008 Zhang was convicted of giving government employees $4.1 million in bribes and was sentenced to 19 years in prison.
# Aizanville

Aizanville (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France.

## Geography

The village lies on the right bank of the Aujon, which forms part of the commune's western border.
# Andreas Buntzen

Andreas Buntzen (18 September 1781 - 9 June 1830) was a Danish general trader. His home at Overgaden oven Vandet 54–56 in the Christianshavn district of Copenhagen was a meetingplace for many prominent cultural figures of his time. The author Carl Bernhard has described it in Et år i København.

## Early life

Buntzen was born in Copenhagen, the son of Andreas Buntzen (1733-1810) and Marie Margrethe Ache. On 17 June 1772, Andreas Buntzen Sr. had acquired citizenship as a wholesale merchant in Copenhagen. He owned a large property at the corner of Overgaden Oven Vandet and Bådsmandstræde in Christianshavn. Andreas Buntzen lived in the building with his parents and sister Anne Bolette Buntzen at the time of the 1787 census. The other members of the household were the mother's mother Bolette Achem Anne Cathrine Buurmeister, an office clerk in the family's trading firm, a caretaker and two maids.

## Career

Buntzen received a commercial education in his father's trading firm. In 1804, he was made a partner in the firm which from then on traded as Andreas Buntzen & Søn. He continued the operations alone following the father's death in 1810. On 19 June 1812, he acquired citizenship as a wholesale merchant (grosserer) in Copenhagen. He was hit hard by the Gunboat War and his economic difficulties worsened following the state bankruptcy in 1813. In 1820, the firm went bankrupt. In 1829, he was employed as an official (kornskriver) by the Port Authority.

## Personal life

On 6 April 1809, Buntzen married to Camilla Cécilie Victoire Du Puy (1790-1871), daughter of the composer Edouard Du Puy (c. 1770–1822) and the actress Julie Henriette Pauline Moulineuf (aka Montroze). He was the father of journalist and editor Andreas Buntzen (1811–80).
Their home was a lively meetingplace for members of the extensive Buntzen family. It was also frequented by some of the prominent cultural figures of the time, including Jens Baggesen, Thomasine Gyllembourg (née Buntzen, his cousin) and Peter Andreas Heiberg.
Buntzen's sister was married to the military officer Frederik (Friederich) Julius Christian de Saint-Aubain. (1754–1819) and they lived in an apartment at the corner of Torvegade and Strandgade. Their son Andreas Nicolai de Saint-Aubain [da], who published his books under the pseudonym Carl Bernhard, has described life in the building in Et år i København ("One year in Copenhagen").
# MiWadi

MiWadi is an Irish soft drink brand owned by Britvic, and formerly by Cantrell and Cochrane (C&C), bottled in Dublin, Cork and Belfast.
Its name comes from the initial letters of C&C's predecessor company, Mineral Water Distributors, which was formed in 1927. The range includes blackcurrant, lemon, lime, and orange & pineapple fruit squashes, with additional flavours produced on a seasonal basis, such as peppermint, and clove.
The slogan of MiWadi is "It's not your Wadi, it's MiWadi", seen on MiWadi bottles and commercials. The drink suffered declining sales during the 1990s, occupying only 16.4% of the market share by 1995, but it experienced a sales renaissance in the 21st century and as of 2005 it accounted for 37% of fruit squash sold in the Irish market.

## MiWadi Mini

In August 2016 MiWadi launched a new sucralose-based product designed to make twenty 250ml drinks from a pocket-sized container
# Parque Municipal das Fontes (Lagoa)

The Parque Municipal das Fontes (the Municipal Park of the Springs), or Fontes de Estômbar (The Estômbar Springs), is a park surrounding a major spring situated on the left bank of the estuary of the Arade River, north of the town of Estômbar, in Lagoa Municipality.
The park, formally created in 1989, consists of about de 18 ha (180.000 m2) and is an important ecosystem site reserved for those interested in nature. Use of the area began as a picnic site, overlooking the Arade River as it passes from Silves Municipality down to the Atlantic. The park now has a restored watermill, open for visits, a reconstructed Algarve house, an open-air amphitheater, and an area for physical fitness exercise.
The site is also historically and culturally important since vestiges of human activities dating back to pre-historic times have been found here. A watermill is documented in the "Livro do Almoxarifado de Silves" (15th century), which records an "... açenha das fontes em que fez Vicente Pirez huu moynho ..." (a "scene [= site] of springs where Vicente Pirez has a mill").
In more recent times the site has been used by the local population for recreational purposes, the commemoration of festivals, and for interaction with nature. As well the pools created by the springs are used for bathing.
# Benedictus of San Pietro in Vincoli

Benedictus was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, also called the titulus Eudoxiae.
He was named a cardinal-priest by 1102, according to the Ancienniität Prinzip, developed by Rudolf Huls. At some point between 1102 and 1112, Cardinal Benedictus served as a witness to a libellus in a dispute between the bishop of Sutri and the bishop of Tuscania over diocesan territory. His earliest surviving subscription occurs on 23 March 1112, in the Acta of the Lateran synod of Pope Paschal II.
Pope Paschal II died in Rome on 21 January 1118. The meeting to elect his successor was held at the monastery of the Palladium (Santa Maria in Pallara, near the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine) for reasons of security. Cardinal Benedictus of S. Pietro in Vincoli was one of those present. During the enthronement ceremony, Cencius Frangipani and his supporters broke into the monastery, seized and abused the pope and others, and carried Gelasius off to one of their prisons. He was rescued, but, on the approach of Henry V to Rome, he fled to Gaeta, to Capua, and then to Pisa. Benedictus is not mentioned in connection with the consecration of the new pope at Gaeta, or in the flight to Pisa and France. When Pope Gelasius died in France, at the abbey of Cluny, Benedictus was not present, nor was he present at the meeting in Rome which received the notification of the election of Pope Calixtus II and issued the Act of Confirmation of the election, but he was one of a group of cardinals who had not been present who immediately wrote to the electors at Cluny, in February 1119, expressing their approval and adherence.
Pope Calixtus reached Rome on 3 June 1120. He embarked on a tour of south Italy in mid-July, and was away from Rome until the first week in December. Cardinal Benedictus travelled with the papal curia, and subscribed documents on 24 September and in October in Benevento. Back in the Lateran, he took part on 3 January 1121 in Pope Calixtus' determination of the rights of the archbishops of Pisa in consecrating bishops in Corsica. He also subscribed at the Lateran on 7 January, 14 January and 17 April.
Benedictus was present at the uncanonical appointment of Cardinal Lamberto Scannabecchi as Honorius II on 15 December 1124. The uncensored version of Pandulf of Pisa's "Life of Honorius" quotes Cardinal Saxo de Anagnia, a supporter of the Frangipani and Cardinal Lamberto, calling him simplex et idiota in an argument.
He continued to subscribe papal documents from time to time in 1125 and 1126.
Cardinal Benedictus' latest appearance in the surviving literature is in connection with a lawsuit on 19 February 1127. A dispute involving Cardinal Bonifacius of S. Marco eventually reached the papal audience hall for a decision, with both Pope Honorius and twenty-three cardinals sitting as judges. The Archconfraternity of the Holy Cross of S. Marco was accused of usurping the title and precedence of the Archconfraternity of the Holy Cross of the Basilica of the XII Apostles. The date and year of his death is unknown.
# Ao Vivo (Rui Veloso album)

Ao Vivo (Live) is the first live album by Rui Veloso. It was released through EMI-Valentim de Carvalho in late 1988.

## Recording

The album was recorded at Coliseu do Porto, in Porto, on 4 and 5 June 1987.

## Track listing

Original edition (Double LP)
Disc 1
Disc 2
CD edition
# Zähringen (Freiburg)

Zähringen is the northernmost suburb of Freiburg im Breisgau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Its population is 9,196 (2020).

## History

On September 30, 1008 Henry II issued a deed of donation with which he ceded his exclusive hunting rights (hunting privilege) in the Breisgau forests to the bishop of Basel. Although the village must already have existed for quite some time, this is the first official document in which it is mentioned.
On January 1, 1906, Zähringen was incorporated into Freiburg.

## Reutebach

Reutebach is one of the names of the stream running through Zähringen. The word beginning Reute refers to cleared or deforested land and the ending Bach means stream. Other names of this stream are Altbach (old stream) and Dorfbach (village stream).
Reutebach was also the name of a former village which seems to have been larger than Zähringen, as its church was the parish church for the villages Gundelfingen, Heuweiler, Wildtal and Zähringen. Most of its former territory now belongs to Zähringen. Only the Reutebach farms (Reutebacher Höfe) belong to Gundelfingen.

## Zähringen castle

Zähringen castle, the ancestral seat of the Zähringer, is located above Zähringen, within the boundary of Gundelfingen.
# Butentau

Butentau is an archaeological site in the Daşoguz region of Turkmenistan.

## Sites
### Ibrahim Sultan Shrine

Three domed mausoleum, which were reconstructed by the Turkmen Government, stand atop an escarpment and function as a local shrine. They are believed to house the remains of Ibrahmin Sultan —a fakir from Arab— and his relatives, who had migrated to Butentau, to help the local people.
Behind the mausoleum lies a graveyard, where one "Shibli Baba" remains buried along with others.

### Cave Settlements

A chain of artificial caves, cut into the soft limestone riff, runs for about two kilometers and numbers into several hundred. They were settled in around early medieval times — currently, most are inaccessible without climbing equipment.

### Ak Kala

A few hundred meters away from the cave-chain, lies the ruined late-medieval city of Adak. The city is roughly square in shape — a wall runs along the entire perimeter, interspersed with five semi-circular towers at each side and a round tower at each corner. In the north of the walled city, another enclosed space is present.
# Dano-Mughal Treaty

The Dano-Mughal Treaty (Danish: Freden med Bengalen) was a peace treaty between the Mughal Empire and Denmark–Norway ending the 56-year-long Dano-Mughal War.

## Treaty history

During the closing years of the 17th century, Denmark wished to reestablish its commercial presence in Bengal, and they again tried to negotiate a peace. Despite previous decades of aggression against the Danes, the Mughals received the Danes well in 1698. Adreas Andræ, together with Thomas Schmertz, was sent to Bengal with ships, Indian servants, money, wares, and Danish settlers and traders. They were able to conclude peace with the Bengali governor Mohammed Ajumadi.

## Stipulations

According to the treaty, there were three stipulations:
* The Danish East India company abandoned all old claims.
* Bengal waived compensation for the more than 30 ships taken.
* The Danish East India company was to have all the trading rights it previously possessed, and also the right to establish a lodge at the Hoogly river
Additionally, the Danes gifted the prince 15.000 rupees and four cannons. Furthermore, the lease to a piece of land at the Gondalpara, Hoogly river (near French Chandernagore) was to be paid for 30.000 rupees over ten years. This would later become known as Dannemarksnagore, where the Danes established a factory which became their basis of trading presence in Bengal. This would end more than 50 years of war between the two nations and reestablish Danish presence in Bengal.

## Outcome and conclusion

The Danish East India Company's war against the Mughal Empire is a part of the European exertion of dominance over large parts of the world, and central to early modern world historiography. The explanation to this European exertion mainly lay in the military revolution paradigm, which states that Europeans held a crucial advantage in military technology over Asians, during the 16th, and 17th centuries. This supports the explanation to why Indian merchants had difficulties for resisting against Danish attacks.
New research shows that if (or when) Eurasian governments choose to adopt a commercial oriented naval force, they could quickly incorporate the needed military technologies and strategies for defeating Western Europeans in naval combat.
The Dano-Mughal War well illustrates the differences between the governmental relationships to maritime commerce and violence. By all measures Denmark was small and poor compared to the Mughal Empire. Yet the Danish monarchy, under Christian IV, was willing to exercise state power and protect seaborne commerce. Christian offered unconditional support to his East Indian company, never wanting to reliquidate it, despite serious losses. The Mughals in contrary, were not among the Asian powers that choose to adopt a strategy of using naval force for commercial gains and had a less direct relation and support for their merchants as that of the Danes.
# Kaore Dam

Kaore Dam is an arch dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 2.5 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 39 ha of land when full and can store 17200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1976 and completed in 1995.
# Troy Cordingley

Troy Cordingley (born January 9, 1967) is an indoor lacrosse coach and former player. He is currently the head coach of the Vancouver Warriors in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). He is one of five NLL coaches with at least 100 career wins.

## Playing career

Cordingley played in the NLL from 1993 to 2001, spending his first seven years with the Buffalo Bandits, followed by two seasons with the Albany Attack and one with the Rochester Knighthawks. In nine NLL seasons, he scored 128 goals and 312 points in 87 regular season games and 15 goals and 33 points in 9 playoff games. As a player, he won the NLL Championship in 1993 and 1996 with the Bandits.
Cordingley also played Canadian box lacrosse for the Brampton Excelsiors and Coquitam Adanacs and the Six Nations Chiefs winning four Mann Cups.

## Coaching career

Cordingley served as the head coach of the Calgary Roughnecks in 2008 and 2009, finishing with a 19-13 record. From 2010 to 2013, he was the head coach of the Toronto Rock from 2010 to 2013, advancing to the Champion's Cup finals in 2010, and winning the Cup in 2011 During his time in Toronto, Cordingley garnered a 38-26 record. On July 3, 2013 he was hired as head coach of the Buffalo Bandits, replacing the fired Darris Kilgour. He was relieved of his head coaching duties with the Bandits on September 20, 2018 and was reassigned to the Bandits' scouting department. On June 28, 2022, he was hired as the head coach of the Vancouver Warriors.
Cordingley has won the Les Bartley Award twice, the first time in 2009 with the Roughnecks and again in 2013 with the Rock.
# Long Lake (East Ferris, Ontario)

Long Lake is a small lake in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is located in the municipality of East Ferris in Nipissing District.
The lake is about 1.4 km in length and is around 100m in width. It is fed by a number of unnamed creeks and is drained by a tributary of the Mattawa River.
The lake is located within the Mattawa River Provincial Park.
The nearest community is Camp Champlain, 4 km NWW of the lake.