OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bishop Wulstan School

Bishop Wulstan School was a Catholic high school situated on Oak Street in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, England.

## History

The school was best known for its history as it was once a practising monastery or Novitiate, associated with St.Marie's Church on Dunchurch Road. There is some debate as to the architect of the school. Many believe it was designed by Pugin who designed the St.Marie's church next door, although alternatives such as George Myers and C.F. Hanson have been suggested.
The school is named after Saint Wulfstan or Wulstan. He was the Bishop of Worcester between 1062 and his death in 1095. Following the Norman conquest in 1066, he was the only bishop to retain his post under William the Conqueror.
The school was mainly closed in August 2007. However the final year group stayed until July 2008 under the care of Ashlawn School.
The premises were bought by Rugby School, refurbished and reopened in September 2013 as 'The Collingwood Centre'.
# Pedro Maldonado (bishop)

Pedro Maldonado, O.F.M. (died 1566) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Mondoñedo (1559–1566).

## Biography

Pedro Maldonado was born in Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of Friars Minor. On 23 Jan 1559, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul IV as Bishop of Mondoñedo. He served as Bishop of Mondoñedo until his death on 2 Jul 1566.
# Juan dela Cruz

Juan de la Cruz or Maria de la Cruz (feminized form) is the national personification of the Philippines, often used to represent the "Filipino everyman". He is usually depicted wearing the native salakot hat, barong tagalog, long pants, and tsinelas (local term for the popular flip-flops).

## History

Juan dela Cruz was invented by Robert McCulloch-Dick, the editor and publisher of Philippines Free Press, founded in 1908. He noticed the frequency with which the names appeared on police blotters and court dockets. He was also notified that the Philippine Catholic Church baptized a large number of children, giving them names of popular saints. He often wrote small verses about Juan dela Cruz in Free Press, and narrations of the petty crimes committed by them.
Later on, McCulloch-Dick widened his idea until he made Juan dela Cruz a character representative of a typical Filipino. Juan dela Cruz is associated with the image of a naïve-looking man wearing a salakot, camisa de chino, native trousers, and slippers. Jorge Pineda, resident cartoonist of Free Press, first drew the image of Juan in 1946.

## Usage

Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of American imperialism, especially since many editorial cartoons of the American period often depicted him alongside Uncle Sam either as a "Little Brown Brother" or as an Asian Partner. In modern times, he is shown independently as a venue for the common Filipino's commentary on governmental and social issues.
The term, sometimes shortened to "Juan", also refers to the collective Filipino psyche.
The name (Spanish for "John of the Cross") is often used as a placeholder name for an anonymous individual, roughly the equivalent of the American John Doe. The feminine placeholder is usually María dela Cruz, which like Juan is a common first name among Filipino women, though Juana dela Cruz is currently gaining popularity in Philippine television and especially in political campaigns by President Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
# Klaus Biemann

Klaus Biemann (November 2, 1926 – June 2, 2016) was an Austrian-American professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His work centered on structural analysis in organic and biochemistry. He has been called the "father of organic mass spectrometry" but was particularly noted for his role in advancing protein sequencing with tandem mass spectrometry following pioneering work conducted in this area by Michael Barber.

## Career and research

Biemann was born in Innsbruck, Austria in 1926. He was drafted into the Wehrmacht during the final months of World War II and was sent to aid the divisions fighting against Allied forces then retreating before the Soviet Army on the Eastern Front. Fearing capture, he deserted with a friend to travel back to Innsbruck. Following in the footsteps of his father, he studied pharmacy at the University of Innsbruck where he graduated in 1948. He received his PhD at the University of Innsbruck supervised by Hermann Bretschneider in 1951. He started his work on his habilitation, but instead moved to the MIT in 1955 to work as a postdoctoral fellow in the group of George Büchi. Two years later with the assistance of Büchi, he was offered a faculty position at MIT in the analytical chemistry division where he turned his focus to peptide analysis and sequencing. Before embarking on his new research, however, Biemann decided to buy a mass spectrometer and use it to study peptides instead. He used his background in organic chemistry to modify peptides so that they become volatile and entered the gas phase, making them amenable to electron ionization, the only feasible ionization technique at the time. He partnered on the NASA Viking mission project to Mars which failed to detect organic matter on its the surface in 1976.

## Awards and honors

* Stas Medal of the Belgian Chemical Society (1962)
* Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966)
* Fritz Pregl Medal of the Austrian Microchemical Society (1977)
* NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1977)
* Guggenheim Fellow (1983)
* Field and Franklin Award in Applied Mass Spectrometry from the American Chemical Society (1986)
* ACS Analytical Chemistry Award from the American Chemical Society (2001)
* Thomson Medal from the International Mass Spectrometry Foundation (1991)
* Pehr Edman Award (1992)
* Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1993)
* Beckman-ABRF Award from the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (1995)
* Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry from the Franklin Institute (2007)
# International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property

The International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP) was founded in 1981. It pursues only educational and scientific objectives to contribute to the advancement of teaching and research in the field of the law of intellectual property.
# Asmalı

Asmalı can refer to:
* Asmalı, Çan
* Asmalı, Gölhisar
* Asmalı Konak
* Asmalı, Yumurtalık
# Diving at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's synchronized 10 metre platform

The women's synchronized 10 metre platform was one of eight diving events included in the Diving at the 2000 Summer Olympics programme and one of the four new events added for the 2000 games since a change was made in 1924.
The competition was held as an outright final:

## Final

    28 September — Each pair of divers performed five dives freely chosen from the five diving groups, with two dives limited to a 2.0 degree of difficulty and the others without limitation. Divers could perform different dives during the same dive if both presented the same difficulty degree. The final ranking was determined by the score attained by the pair after all five dives had been performed.

## Results

* Values in brackets represent the aggregate score and ranking at the end of the dive.
| Rank | Divers | NOC | Dive 1 | Dive 1 | Dive 2 | Dive 2 | Dive 3 | Dive 3 | Dive 4 | Dive 4 | Dive 5 | Dive 5 | Dive 5 |
| Rank | Divers | NOC | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Total |
| 1 | Na Li and Sang Xue | China | 55.80 | 1 | 58.20 (114.00) | 1 (1) | 78.12 (192.12) | 1 (1) | 81.00 (273.12) | 1 (1) | 72.00 | 3 | 345.12 |
| 2 | Émilie Heymans and Anne Montminy | Canada | 53.40 | 2 | 47.40 (100.80) | 6 (6) | 65.25 (166.05) | 3 (3) | 71.28 (237.33) | 2 (2) | 74.70 | 1 | 312.03 |
| 3 | Rebecca Gilmore and Loudy Tourky | Australia | 49.20 | 6 | 47.40 (96.60) | 6 (7) | 63.84 (160.44) | 4 (6) | 66.36 (226.80) | 3 (4) | 74.70 | 1 | 301.50 |
| 4 | Marion Reiff and Anja Richter-Libiseller | Austria | 51.00 | 3 | 50.40 (101.40) | 5 (5) | 61.32 (162.72) | 6 (5) | 64.68 (227.40) | 4 (3) | 66.60 | 5 | 294.00 |
| 5 | Jenny Keim and Laura Wilkinson | United States | 49.20 | 6 | 52.80 (102.00) | 2 (3) | 69.30 (171.30) | 2 (2) | 55.44 (226.74) | 7 (5) | 64.68 | 7 | 291.42 |
| 6 | Evgeniya Olshevskaya and Svetlana Timoshinina | Russia | 50.40 | 4 | 51.60 (102.00) | 4 (3) | 61.32 (163.32) | 6 (4) | 55.68 (219.00) | 5 (6) | 69.30 | 4 | 288.30 |
| 7 | Odile Arboles-Souchon and Julie Danaux | France | 50.40 | 4 | 52.20 (102.60) | 3 (2) | 56.70 (159.30) | 8 (7) | 55.68 (214.98) | 5 (7) | 62.16 | 8 | 277.14 |
| 8 | María Alcalá and Azul Almazán | Mexico | 42.60 | 8 | 46.80 (89.40) | 8 (8) | 63.84 (153.24) | 4 (8) | 45.36 (198.60) | 8 (8) | 65.70 | 6 | 264.30 |
# Timeline of particle physics technology

Timeline of particle physics technology
* 1896 - Charles Wilson discovers that energetic particles produce droplet tracks in supersaturated gases.
* 1897-1901 - Discovery of the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend.
* 1908 - Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford use the Townsend discharge principle to detect alpha particles.
* 1911 - Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.
* 1928 - Hans Geiger and Walther Muller invent the Geiger Muller tube, which is based upon the gas ionisation principle used by Geiger in 1908, but is a practical device that can also detect beta and gamma radiation. This is implicitly also the invention of the Geiger Muller counter.
* 1934 - Ernest Lawrence and Stan Livingston invent the cyclotron.
* 1945 - Edwin McMillan devises a synchrotron.
* 1952 - Donald Glaser develops the bubble chamber.
* 1968 - Georges Charpak and Roger Bouclier build the first multiwire proportional mode particle detection chamber.
# Big Ron

Big Ron may refer to:
* Big Ron Studd, American professional wrestler
* Big Ron Harris, American professional wrestler
* Big Ron (EastEnders), soap opera character
* A nickname for former football player and manager Ron Atkinson
* Big Ronnie, a character in The Unbelievable GwenPool and Spider-Woman
# Juan del Río Martín

Juan del Río Martín (14 October 1947 – 28 January 2021) was a Spanish archbishop, Military Ordinary of Spain from 2008 until his death in 2021.

## Career

In 1964 he obtained the Baccalaureate in his hometown. He entered the Seminary of Seville in 1965, where he would study Philosophy and Theology until 1973. In 1975 he obtained the title of social graduate from the University of Granada. Sent to Rome in 1979, he received a degree in Dogmatic Theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University, subsequently obtaining a Ph.D. degree in the same specialty with a thesis on the ecclesiology of Saint John of Avila.
Ordained priest on 2 February 1974 in Seville, he developed his entire pastoral ministry in the Archdiocese of Seville. On 29 June 2000, he was appointed second bishop of the Diocese of Asidonia-Jerez by John Paul II. His consecration was carried out by the Apostolic Nuncio in Spain Manuel Monteiro de Castro on 23 September of that year. Benedict XVI appointed him Military Ordinary of Spain on 30 June 2008.

## Death

On 21 January 2021, he was admitted to the Gómez Ulla Military Hospital in Madrid after contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Although during the first days it was reported that he was recovering, soon his condition worsened and he succumbed to the disease on 27 January.
# Kite Eating Tree (disambiguation)

The Kite-Eating Tree is a fictional tree featured in the Peanuts comic strip by Charles M. Schulz.
Kite Eating Tree may also refer to one of several Peanuts themed rides at Cedar Fair amusement parks in the United States:
* Kite Eating Tree, Kings Island#Planet Snoopy, Kings Mills, Ohio
* Kite Eating Tree, Cedar Point, Sandusky, Ohio
* Kite Eating Tree, Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom, Allentown, Pennsylvania
* Kite Eating Tree, Valleyfair, Shakopee, Minnesota
* Kite Eating Tree, Worlds of Fun, Kansas City, Missouri
# International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies

The International Association for Translation and Intercultural Studies (IATIS) is a forum designed to enable scholars from different regional and disciplinary backgrounds to debate issues relating to translation and other forms of intercultural communication.
Founded in August 2004, its President is Juliane House. Mona Baker, Şebnem Susam-Sarajeva and other linguists are also members of its Executive Council. Its secretariat is located in Seoul, South Korea.
# Dispute (credit card)

In a credit card or debit card account, a dispute is a situation in which a customer questions the validity of a transaction that was registered to the account.
Customers dispute charges for a variety of reasons, including unauthorized charges, excessive charges, failure by the merchant to deliver merchandise, defective merchandise, dissatisfaction with the product(s) or service(s) received, or billing errors. Chargeback fraud, also known as friendly fraud, could occur when the cardholder identifies a purchase on their transaction statement as fraudulent and disputes it. A 2022 study by Ethoca and PYMNTS.com found that 71% of ecommerce transaction disputes were due to service errors.
In the United States, in the event of fraud, the cardholder is liable for a maximum of $50 worth of fraudulent charges. Many card issuers will waive this fee.
# Twilight Hour

Twilight Hour is a 1945 British drama film directed by Paul L. Stein and starring Mervyn Johns, Basil Radford, and Marie Lohr. It was shot at the British National Studios in Elstree. The film's sets were designed by the art director Wilfred Arnold. It was based on a novel of the same title by Arthur Valentine

## Cast

* Mervyn Johns as Major John Roberts
* Basil Radford as Lord Chetwood
* Marie Lohr as Lady Chetwood
* A. E. Matthews as General Fitzhenry
* Lesley Brook as Virginia Roberts
* Grey Blake as Michael Chetwood
* Ian McLean as Hemingway
* Barbara Waring as Gladys
* Brefni O'Rorke as Richard Melville
* Margaret Vyner as Angela
* Joyce Heron as Diana
* Marie Ault as Liz
* Cecil Bevan as Hartley
* Marjorie Caldicott as Mrs. Trim
* Noel Dainton as chauffeur
* Gabrielle Daye as housemaid
* Toni Edgar-Bruce as Mrs. Cardigan
* Margaret Emden as Duchess of Wetherby
* Violet Gould as charwoman
* Alfred Harris as Wilkinson
* John Howard as William Rolands
* Ruby Miller as Mother Superior
* Ethel Royale as Mrs. Rolands
* Roy Russell as Sir John Gough
* Christopher Steele as Mr. Cardigan
* Edward Stirling as Magistrate
* Elsa Tee as Jeavons
* Richard Turner as The Abbot
* Rita Varien as Mrs. Murphy
* Bertram Wallis as Duke of Wetherby
* Olive Walter as marchioness
* David Ward as Roger
* C. Denier Warren as photographer
* H. Victor Weske
* Sybil Wise as Miss Perkins
* Victor Wood as footman
# Civic Offices, Dungarvan

The Civic Offices is a municipal facility at Davitt's Quay in Dungarvan, County Waterford, Ireland.

## History

Previously Waterford County Council had been based at Arus Brugha at Davitt's Quay. The county council moved to the new building, which cost €6 million to build, in April 1999. Some structural changes were carried out to the building following the merger of Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council to create Waterford City and County Council in 2014.
# Timeline of piracy

This is a timeline of the history of piracy.
* Piracy in ancient history
* Piracy in post-classical history
* 1560s
* 1570s
* 1580s
* 1590s
* 1600s
* 1610s
* 1620s
* 1630s
* 1640s
* 1650s
* 1660s
* 1670s
* 1680s
* 1690s: 1690 – 1691 – 1692 – 1693 – 1694 – 1695 – 1696 – 1697 – 1698 – 1699
* 1700s: 1700 – 1701 – 1702 – 1703 – 1704 – 1705 – 1706 – 1707 – 1708 – 1709
* 1710s: 1710 – 1711 – 1712 – 1713 – 1714 – 1715 – 1716 – 1717 – 1718 – 1719
* 1720s: 1720 – 1721 – 1722 – 1723 – 1724 – 1725 – 1726 – 1727 – 1728 – 1729
* 1730s: 1730 - 1731
* 1740s
* 1750s
* 1760s
* 1770s
* 1780s
* 1790s
* 1800s
* 1810s: 1810 - 1811 - 1812 - 1813 - 1814 - 1815 - 1816 - 1817 - 1818 - 1819
* 1820s
* 1830s
* 1840s
* 1850s
* 1860s
* 1870s
* 1880s
* 1890s
* 1900s
* 1910s
* 1920s
* 1930s
* 1940s
* 1950s
* 1960s
* 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s:
* 2000s: 2000 – 2001 – 2002 – 2003 – 2004 – 2005 – 2006 – 2007 – 2008 – 2009
* 2010s
* 2020s: 2020 – 2021 – 2022 – 2023 – 2024
# Listed buildings in Læsø Municipality

This list of listed buildings in Læsø Municipality is a list of listed buildings in Læsø Municipality, Denmark.

## The list

| Listing name | Location | Year built | Contributing resource | Ref |
| Alleen 1, Andrines Hus | Alleen 1, 9940 Læsø | c. 1780 | Seaweed-thatched house from c. 1780 | [Alleen 1, 9940 Læsø Ref4] |
| Alléen 3 | Alleen 3, 9940 Læsø | 1879 | Seaweed-thatched house from 1768 | Ref |
| Alléen 5 | Alleen 5, 9940 Læsø | c. 1880 | Seaweed-thatched house from c. 1880 | Ref |
| Danzigmannvej 2 | Danzigmannvej 2, 9940 Læsø | c. 1750 | Seaweed-thatched house from c. 175+ | Ref |
| Lille Stoklundvej 3 | Lille Stoklundvej 3, 9940 Læsø | Pre-1680 | Seaweed-thatched house from before 1680 with a few younger additions | Ref |
| Lille Stoklundvej 25 | Stoklundvejen 25, 9940 Læsø | c. 1750 | Seaweed-thatched house from c. 1750 | Ref |
| Lille Strandgårdsvej 1 (3) | Lille Strandgårdsvej 1, 9940 Læsø | c. 1750 | Three-winged farmhouse from c. 1750 and earlier | Ref |
| Mosevej 16 | Mosevej 16, 9940 Læsø | 1830 | Seaweed-thatched house from 1830 | Ref |
| Museumsgården | Museumsvej 3, 9940 Læsø | 18th century | Four-winged farmhouse from the second half of the 18th century | Ref |
| Nattergalevej 15 | Nattergalevej 15, 9940 Læsø | c. 1700 | L-shaped, half-timbered house with straw and seaweed-thatched roof from c. 1700 | Ref |
| Tangborgvej 4 | Tangborgvej 4, 9940 Læsø | 1830 | Seaweed-thatched house from c. 1865 | Ref |
# Yanbodu

Yanbodu Town (simplified Chinese: 岩泊渡镇; traditional Chinese: 巖泊渡鎮; pinyin: Yánbódù Zhèn) is an urban town in Cili County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 26 villages and 1 community:
- Yanbodu Community: 岩泊渡社区
- Hangxi Village: 行溪村
- Liaojia Village: 廖家村
- Shuangqiao Village: 双桥村
- Da'an Village: 大安村
- Yamao Village: 鸭毛村
- Shuangxi Village: 双溪村
- Yangu Village: 岩谷村
- Wanjia Village: 万家村
- Tianping Village: 田坪村
- Gongshi Village: 贡市村
- Sanwan Village: 三湾村
- Shima Village: 失马村
- Hongyan Village: 红岩村
- Magongdu Village: 马公渡村
- Heping Village:和平村
- Wuyin Village: 五音村
- Liangshan Village: 两山村
- Shiyan Village: 狮岩村
- Baiyangdang Village: 白洋档村
- Shuangge Village: 双鸽村
- Longtan Village: 龙潭村
- Jizhong Village: 集中村
- Tianyu Village: 田峪村
- Hongtu Village: 红土村
- Xingming Village: 星明村
- Yanshi Village: 岩市村
# Closteridium

Closteridium is a genus of green algae, in the family Chlorococcaceae.
# Carl Christian Seydewitz

Carl Christian von Seydewitz (3 November 1777 – 10 October 1857) was a Danish-German portrait painter and army officer. He was not a member of the nobility but, from 1770 to 1860, officers were allowed to use "von" with their surnames.

## Biography

von Seydewitz was born in Nortorf, Denmark. He was the son of Johann Christoph Heinrich von Seydewitz (1748-1824) and Magdalena Maria Ralfs. His father was an architect and builder in the rural districts of Mecklenburg. He followed his older brother, into the Royal Danish Army when he was only fourteen. In 1796, became a fændrik (roughly equivalent to ensign) à la suite in the Schleswig Regiment. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1804 and Captain in 1810. In 1816, due to cutbacks in troop strength, he was mustered out with the rank of Major.
Despite his choice of a military career, he always had a desire to be an artist. Around 1800, after some opposition by Crown Prince (later King) Frederick, he was allowed to attend classes at satellite schools of the Royal Academy. In 1803, he was awarded money from the Fonden ad usus publicos, a fund for the support of artistic and scientific endeavors. Normally, this would be used for study abroad, but he was compelled to use it locally. Later he received an additional grant and was allowed to study in Italy, where he was influenced by the works of Raphael. However, after the English Wars broke out in 1807, official duties occupied most of his time.
In 1814 he became a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog. Two years later, He married Sophie Amalie Møller (1792-1863). In 1817, now a retired Major, he began to paint in earnest. His first major work was done for the Palace Building Commission. He was paid well, but his work was judged by the Royal Academy to be of little artistic value. King Frederick, wanting to make amends for his earlier opposition, ordered a large number of pieces; not only for the Royal palaces, but for church altarpieces as well. Nineteen of these went into the Royal Collection (now the National Gallery of Denmark). Many were lost during the devastating fire at Christiansborg Palace in 1884.
He died in 1857 and was buried at Garnisons Cemetery (Garnisons Kirkegård) in Copenhagen.
# Carlton Lake

Carlton Munro Lake (September 7, 1915 – May 5, 2006) was an American literary critic, book collector, and library administrator. He is most notable for having accumulated the Carlton Lake Collection of research materials in French literature, which he donated to the Harry Ransom Center of the University of Texas at Austin. Lake was the director and executive curator of the Harry Ransom Center from 1978 to 2003. The Carlton Lake Collection is widely considered to be the best collection of research materials in French literature outside of France.

## Biography

Carlton Lake was born in Brockton, Massachusetts, on September 7, 1915, the son of Elmer and Florence Lake. He attended Boston University, where he majored in Romance languages and literatures, graduating summa cum laude in 1936. He then did a year at Columbia University, obtaining a Master of Arts degree in 1937. During World War II he served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps, seeing action in the Pacific theater.
In the postwar period, he became the Paris art critic for the Christian Science Monitor. He also contributed short stories and essays to other periodicals including The New Yorker and The Atlantic Monthly. He also published interviews with artists such as Matisse, Picasso, Chagall, Henry Moore, and Giacometti.
Lake lived in Paris from 1950 to 1975, during which time he assiduously collected first editions and manuscripts of modern French writers (chiefly those of the late 19th and early 20th centuries). In 1968 he donated his collection to the Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin (now the Harry Ransom Center), and in 1969 became a consultant of the HRC. In 1976 he left Paris for Austin, to become the curator of the HRC's French collection, then rose to acting director of the HRC from 1978 to 1980, and executive curator from 1980 to 2003.
His collection, acquired between 1936 and 1986, assembled about 350,000 French literary materials, including manuscripts, photographs, works of art, broadsides, galleys, musical scores, and other items. Most of this represents French writers, musicians, and artists of the late 19th and early 20th century, though included are earlier materials, such as letters from the Napoleonic era.
In 1987 he was honored with the Sir Thomas More Medal for Book Collecting, "Private Collecting for the Public Good," by the University of San Francisco Gleeson Library and the Gleeson Library Associates.
After his first marriage to Elizabeth Robson, with whom he had two sons, Carlton Lake married Alfreda LeCover in 1951, with whom he had one son. The two remained married until Lake's death in 2006.
Lake died on May 5, 2006, after a lengthy battle with Parkinson's disease.

## Selected publications

* Carlton Lake and Robert Maillard (eds.), A Dictionary of Modern Painting. New York: Tudor Pub. Co., 1956. (online here)
* Françoise Gilot with Carlton Lake, Life with Picasso, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.
* Carlton Lake, In Quest of Dalí, Putnam, NY, 1969.
* Carlton Lake, Confessions of a Literary Archaeologist, New York: New Direction Books, 1990.