OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Novica Radović

Novica Radović (Serbian Cyrillic: Новица Радовић; born in Martinići in 1890 – died in Cetinje in 1945) was a Montenegrin politician.
Radović took part in 1919's Christmas Uprising on the side of the Greens, in an armed rebellion opposed to Montenegro's unconditional unification with Serbia in 1918 following the controversial Podgorica Assembly. Following the defeat of the Greens, he escaped to Albania and later to Italy, where he joined the Montenegrin Army in exile, becoming its Headquarters Intelligence supervisor.
He returned to what was then the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1925. There he was charged with crimes against the state and sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment. After serving nine years of the sentence in Zenica prison, he was released, acquitted in 1934 after the assassination of King Alexander in Marseille which ended the dictatorship. After his release from prison, Radović moved to Podgorica, where he taught private classes and wrote political columns for the Zeta journal, and became a prominent member of the Montenegrin Federalist Party.
In 1941, Montenegro was reestablished as the Fascist Italian governorate of Montenegro. Despite the cooperative attitude of the Montenegrin Federalist Party towards Italy, Radović and his fraction remained ambivalent and made attempts to create some resistance to the occupying forces on certain issues. During this time Radović also acted as political adviser to Krsto Zrnov Popović. In 1945, Radović was executed by the Yugoslav Partisans under charges of Axis collaboration.

## Works

* Montenegro on the Allied Golgotha, 1938, Peć, Dukagjin Press
# Nukufetau Airfield

Nukufetau Airfield is a former World War II airfield on the south-eastern side of Nukufetau on Motulalo Island in Tuvalu during the Pacific War.

## History

Nukufetau Airfield was built by United States Navy Seabees on Motulalo island as an alternative strip to Nanumea and Funafuti airfields to allow for further dispersal of aircraft in the Ellice Islands (now Tuvalu). Two intersecting runways formed an "X" shape. On 8 September 1943 the 16th Naval Construction Battalion commenced construction of a fighter strip (3500 feet by 200 feet) and a bomber strip (6100 feet by 220 feet). Nearly 50,000 coconut trees had to be cut down and about 2,000 feet of the runways were built on fill over swamp. The first plane to land on the airfield was a PB4Y Privateer piloted by Major General Charles F. B. Price on October 3, 1943. The general conducted a quick inspection of the new airfield and quickly took off again. The airfield was officially opened on October 6, 1943.
United States Marine Corps (USMC) units based at Nukufetau included:
* Navy Bombing Squadron 108 (VB-108), operating PB4Y-1 Liberators, landed on 7 November 1943
* Marine Scout Bomber Squadron 331 (VMSB-331), operating Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers, arrived on 15 November 1943
* 2d Airdrome Battalion - responsible for air defense of the base from August 1943 - March 1944.
United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) using the base included:
* 26th Bombardment Squadron operating B-24s from 11 November 1943 – 25 January 1944
* 98th Bombardment Squadron operating B-24s from 11 November 1943 – 20 January 1944

### Postwar

The debris from a crashed B-24 Liberator remained on the island. After the Pacific War the airfield was dismantled and the land returned to its owners, however as the coral base was compacted to make the runways the land now provides poor ground for growing coconuts.
# Avalanche boulder tongue

An avalanche boulder tongue is an accumulation of debris produced by snow avalanches. Well-developed avalanche boulder tongues usually develop below avalanche gullies due to successive avalanches over a long time span. The avalanche boulder tongues were first intensively investigated by Anders Rapp in the areas of Abisko and Kebnekaise in Swedish Lappland.
* This article related to topography is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Avalanche breakdown

Avalanche breakdown (or the avalanche effect) is a phenomenon that can occur in both insulating and semiconducting materials. It is a form of electric current multiplication that can allow very large currents within materials which are otherwise good insulators. It is a type of electron avalanche. The avalanche process occurs when carriers in the transition region are accelerated by the electric field to energies sufficient to create mobile or free electron-hole pairs via collisions with bound electrons.

## Explanation

Materials conduct electricity if they contain mobile charge carriers. There are two types of charge carriers in a semiconductor: free electrons (mobile electrons) and electron holes (mobile holes which are missing electrons from the normally-occupied electron states). A normally-bound electron (e.g., in a bond) in a reverse-biased diode may break loose due to a thermal fluctuation or excitation, creating a mobile electron-hole pair (exciton). If there is a voltage gradient (electric field) in the semiconductor, then the electron will move towards the positive voltage while the hole will move towards the negative voltage. Usually, the electron and hole will simply move to opposite ends of the crystal and enter the appropriate electrodes. When the electric field is strong enough, the mobile electron or hole may be accelerated to speeds high enough to knock other bound electrons free, creating more free charge carriers, increasing the current and leading to further "knocking out" processes and creating an avalanche. In this way, large portions of a normally-insulating crystal can begin to conduct.
The large voltage drop and possibly large current during breakdown necessarily leads to the generation of heat. Therefore, a diode placed into a reverse blocking power application will usually be destroyed by breakdown if the external circuit allows a large current. In principle, avalanche breakdown only involves the passage of electrons and need not cause damage to the crystal. Avalanche diodes (commonly encountered as high voltage Zener diodes) are constructed to break down at a uniform voltage and to avoid current crowding during breakdown. These diodes can indefinitely sustain a moderate level of current during breakdown.
The voltage at which the breakdown occurs is called the breakdown voltage. There is a hysteresis effect; once avalanche breakdown has occurred, the material will continue to conduct even if the voltage across it drops below the breakdown voltage. This is different from a Zener diode, which will stop conducting once the reverse voltage drops below the breakdown voltage.
# Aybek Abdymomunov

Aybek Abdymomunov (born December 20, 1985) is a male amateur boxer from Kyrgyzstan. He qualified to compete at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the bantamweight division (– 54 kg)where he lost in the first round to Pakistan's Mehrullah Lassi.
Abdymomunov qualified for the 2004 Athens Games as a bantamweight by ending up in second place at the 2004 Asian Championships in Puerto Princesa. In the final he lost to Uzbekistan's Bahodirjon Sooltonov.
# This Is Love (Gary Numan song)

"This Is Love" is a song by English musician Gary Numan, released in 1986 as the lead single from his eighth studio album Strange Charm. It was written by Numan, and produced by Numan and the Waveteam. "This Is Love" reached No. 28 in the UK and remained in the charts for three weeks.
A music video was filmed to promote the single. Early copies of the single included a free interview flexi disc, while some 12" copies were issued with "Call Out the Dogs" as a free single.

## Critical reception

Upon release, Newcastle Evening Chronicle described the song as a "slow romantic ballad" and Numan's "best in ages". In a retrospective review of the album, Ned Raggett of AllMusic wrote: "Numan uses silence and less-crowded arrangements to create a more dramatic impact. Flat-out successes such as "The Sleeproom" and the concluding ballad "This Is Love," with heavily echoed piano and singing leading the way, show how his decision worked wonders." In 2007, Mojo described the song as a "classy track".

## Track listing
### 7" single

* "This Is Love" - 4:30
* "Survival" - 5:02

### 12" single

* "This Is Love" - 4:30
* "Survival" - 5:02

### 12" single (UK edition with free single)

* "This Is Love" - 4:30
* "Survival" - 5:02
* "Call Out the Dogs" - 6:42
* "No Shelter" - 3:23
* "This Ship Comes Apart" - 3:55

## Personnel

* Gary Numan - vocals, keyboards
* Martin Elliott - bass guitar
* Dick Morrissey - saxophone
* Mike Smith - keyboards
* Tessa Niles - backing vocals
Production
* Gary Numan - producer
* The Waveteam - producers
* Tim Summerhayes - engineer
* Arun Chakraverty - mastering
Other
* Francis Drake - artwork

## Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| UK Singles Chart | 28 |
# Thistleberry (ward)

Thistleberry is a ward of the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, located west of Newcastle town centre, in the county of Staffordshire, England. In 2021 it had a population of 5649.
# Thistle mistletoe formula

The thistle mistletoe formula is a pagan Norse Runic formula, involving several rhyming words ending in -istill (typically at least þistill and mistill; thistle and mistletoe). The formula is attested in around 15 variants from the Viking Age.

## Attestations
### Ledberg stone (Ög 181)

The Swedish Ledberg stone from Östergötland contains the formula. Following a standard memorial inscription, we read
ᚦᛘᚴ
þmk
ᛁᛁᛁ
iii
ᛋᛋᛋ
sss
ᛏᛏᛏ
ttt
ᛁᛁᛁ
iii
ᛚᛚᛚ
lll
ᚦᛘᚴ ᛬ ᛁᛁᛁ ᛬ ᛋᛋᛋ ᛬ ᛏᛏᛏ ᛬ ᛁᛁᛁ ᛬ ᛚᛚᛚ ᛬
þmk : iii : sss : ttt : iii : lll :
When resolved becomes, in normalized Old Icelandic spelling:
þistill,
thistle,
mistill,
mistletoe,
kistill
casket
þistill, mistill, kistill
thistle, mistletoe, casket

### Gørlev stone (DR 239)

Likewise, the Danish Gørlev stone contains the exact same formula, along with a younger futhark rune-row.

### Saga of Bósi

The formula reaches its climax in a riddle in the legendary Icelandic Saga of Bósi and Herraud, where it reads (from manuscript AM. 586 4:0, transliterated into the Latin alphabet):
    r.o.þ.k.m.u. iiiiii. ssssss. tttttt. iiiiii. llllll
Resolved and normalized, we get:
ristill,
plowshare,
eistill,
testicle,
þistill,
thistle,
kistill,
box/casket,
mistill,
mistletoe,
vistill
ristill, eistill, þistill, kistill, mistill, vistill
plowshare, testicle, thistle, box/casket, mistletoe, ?
The meaning of the final word, uistil (vistill), is unclear.
# Number on My Back / The Baggy Green

"Number on My Back / The Baggy Green" is a double A-sided single recorded by Australian country singer John Williamson. The single was released in December 1999 as included as bonus tracks as the third and final single from Williamson's fourteenth studio album The Way It Is and peaked at number 95 on the ARIA Charts.
Williamson suggested to Rod Macqueen the coach of the Australia national rugby union team the song "Waltzing Matilda" may inspire the team; nicknamed "The Wallabies" against the All Blacks. The offer was accepted and on 28 August 1999, Williamson sang "Waltzing Matilda" at Stadium Australia, Sydney in front of a (then) world record rugby crowd of 107,042 people. After being inspired by the Wallabies Williamson wrote and recorded "A Number On My Back".
"The Baggy Green" was written with Gavin Robertson and Steve Waugh and features Waugh on vocals as well as the Boys of The Bankstown District Cricket Association.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Number on My Back" / "The Baggy Green" :
| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 95 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Edition(s) | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | December 1999 | Cassette CD single | Standard | EMI Music | |
# Alan Llwyd

Alan Llwyd (born 1948), original name Alan Lloyd Roberts, also known under the Bardic name Meilir Emrys Owen, is a Welsh poet, literary critic and editor. He is one of the most prolific Welsh-language poets of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and has won the bardic Chair at the National Eisteddfod three times and the Crown twice.

## Upbringing

Born in Dolgellau, Gwynedd, Llwyd was brought up on a farm at Cilan and educated at Bangor University. Since then he has been manager of a bookshop at Bala, worked as an editor for the Christopher Davies publishing company, and served as an editorial officer for the Welsh Joint Education Committee.

## Works

He published his first volume of poetry, Y March Hud (The Magic Horse), in 1971 as Alan Lloyd Roberts. This was followed by a series of others. He came to prominence with the rare feat of winning both the Crown and the Chair at the 1973 National Eisteddfod and then repeating the feat in 1976. On the second occasion there was some controversy, as another popular poet, Dic Jones, lost out on the chair through a technicality. Llwyd won the Chair for a third time in 2023.
In 1988, Llwyd published Yn y Dirfawr Wag under the pseudonym Meilir Emrys Owen.
Llwyd has published collections and studies of the works of other poets, including Goronwy Owen and Hedd Wyn. He wrote the script for the Oscar-nominated Welsh-language film Hedd Wyn (1992), about the life of the latter, who was killed in World War I. While most of his books have been on literary themes, he also edited Cymru Ddu = Black Wales, a history of black Welsh people. His biography of Kate Roberts was the subject of an S4C programme in which he was interviewed by Ffion Hague.

## Poetic style

Llwyd is commonly associated with strict poetic metre, though some of his poems (especially those written under the pseudonym Meilir Emrys Owen) are written in free verse.

## Selected bibliography

* Gwyfyn y Gaeaf (1975)
* Rhwng Pen Llŷn a Phenllyn (1976)
* Yn y Dirfawr Wag (1988, as Meilir Emrys Owen)
* Sonedau I Janice a Cherddi Eraill (1996)
* Y Grefft o Greu (1997)
* Ffarwelio â Chanrif (2000)
* Clirio'r Atig a Cherddi Eraill (2005)
* Out of the Fire of Hell: Welsh Experience of the Great War 1914–1918 in Prose and Verse (2008, Gomer Press).
* Stori Hedd Wyn, Bardd y Gadair Ddu (2009) (in English as The Story of Hedd Wyn, the Poet of the Black Chair)
* Kate: y Cofiant (2011; a biography of Kate Roberts)
# Alan Kamara

Alan Kamara (born 15 July 1958) is an English former footballer who played 339 matches in the Football League for York City, Darlington, Scarborough and Halifax Town.
# Alan Kane (Gaelic footballer)

John A. D. Kane (1945 – 16 March 2021), known as Alan Kane, was an Irish Gaelic footballer who played as goalkeeper for the St Joseph's and Aodh Ruadh clubs and for the Donegal county team in the early 1970s.

## Playing career

Born in Ballyshannon, Kane first came to prominence as a Gaelic footballer with the Ballyshannon-Bundoran combination of St Joseph's. At club level he won seven County Senior Championship titles in nine seasons between 1968 and 1976, while he also lined out in goal when St Joseph's became the first Donegal club to win the Ulster Club Championship.
At inter-county level, Kane made his championship debut against Antrim in 1970. He was between the posts when Donegal claimed their inaugural Ulster Championship in 1972. He was a substitute when the title was secured for a second time in 1974.

## Post-playing career

At his death, Kane was vice-president of the Aodh Ruadh club. The club also credited him with "resurrecting" the sport of camogie during the 1980s and inducted him into the Aodh Ruadh Hall of Fame in 2012. He was part of the management team that won the 1995 Donegal Senior Ladies' Football Championship, having been a founding member of the sport at the club in 1992.

## Personal life

Kane was married to Patricia, with whom he had three daughters (Fiona, Frances and Grainne) and one son (Pauric).
Kane died on 16 March 2021, aged 75. He was survived by his wife, three daughters, one son and two brothers, Teddy and Jim.

## Honours
### St Joseph's

* Ulster Senior Club Football Championship: 1975
* Donegal Senior Football Championship: 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976

### Donegal

* Ulster Senior Football Championship: 1972, 1974
# Thomas Alan Schwartz

Thomas Alan Schwartz (born 1954) is an American historian. He is the Distinguished Professor of History and Professor of Political Science and European Studies at Vanderbilt University. He is a biographer of Henry Kissinger, Lyndon B. Johnson, and John J. McCloy.

## Biography

Schwartz earned his B.A. from Columbia University and PhD from Harvard University. He taught at Harvard University, and has been teaching at Vanderbilt since 1990.
His specialization includes the history of America's foreign relations and twentieth century American history.
He formerly served as president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. From 2005 to 2008, Schwartz served on the United States Department of State’s Historical Advisory Committee as the representative of the Organization of American Historians. He was the lead drafter of the committee's 2007 annual report to the Secretary of state and United States Congress, which noted that the Office of the Historianat the State Department was having trouble retaining staff historians. It was reported that Schwartz' dismissal from the committee was due to his criticism of Marc J. Susser's management style.

## Publications

* America's Germany: John J. McCloy and the Federal Republic of Germany, Harvard University Press, 1991
* Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam, Harvard University Press, 2000
* Henry Kissinger and American Power: A Political Biography, Hill and Wang, 2020

## Awards

Schwartz received the Stuart Bernath Book Prize of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, and the Harry S. Truman Book Award, given by the Truman Presidential Library in 1992 for the book, America's Germany.
# Thomas Harrington (FBI)

Thomas Harrington was the Associate Deputy Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation which is the number three position in the bureau. He is a former Deputy Director of the Counterterrorism Division at the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Harrington met with senior Defense Department investigators, and wrote letters, drawing the attention of the DoD to reports of serious crimes committed by military interrogators against the detainees held in extrajudicial detention at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba.
# Nyasa

Nyasa may refer to:
* Nyasa (ritual), concept in Hinduism
* Nyasa (lake), lake in Africa also known as Lake Malawi
* Nyasa languages, group of Bantu languages
* Nyasa people
# Thomas Heywood (antiquarian)

Thomas Heywood (1797–1866) was an English antiquarian. He was closely involved in the Chetham Society and its publications.

## Early life

The son of Nathaniel Heywood (died 1815) of Heywood's Bank and his wife Anne Percival, daughter of Thomas Percival, and younger brother of Benjamin Heywood, he was born in Manchester on 3 September 1797; James Heywood was his younger brother. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School. He graduated B.A. from Glasgow University in 1815.
Heywood was from 1818 a partner in Heywood's Bank, called the Manchester Bank and, from 1795, Heywood Brothers & Co., with his father's surviving brother Benjamin Arthur Heywood (died 1828), Benjamin, and (from 1820) Richard Heywood, another brother. He served the office of boroughreeve of Salford in 1826. In 1828 Thomas and Richard Heywood left the family business, which was carried on by Benjamin.

## At Hope End

Thomas Heywood purchased Hope End, a mansion in Herefordshire, near Ledbury. It was sold in 1832 by Edward Moulton-Barrett, father of Elizabeth Barrett Browning who had lived there as a child; the sale was by auction on 25 August. Heywood went there to live, and was high sheriff of Herefordshire in 1840.
Heywood died at Hope End on 20 November 1866. Before leaving Manchester Heywood collected a library of local books, which was dispersed in a sale in 1835. His general library was sold at Manchester in 1868. The house at Hope End was sold in 1867 to C. A. Hewitt. It was demolished in the 1870s; its stable block eventually became a hotel.

## Works

Heywood was an early member of the council of the Chetham Society, and edited the following of its publications:
* The Norris Papers, 1846.
* The Moore Rental, 1847. This work relates to the rented property of the Moore family of Liverpool, and was compiled by Edward Moore, son of John Moore the regicide.
* The Diary of the Rev. Henry Newcome, 1849.
* Cardinal Allen's Defence of Sir William Stanley's Surrender of Deventer, 1851.
* On the South Lancashire Dialect, 1862.
* Letter from Sir John Seton, dated 1643, 1862.
For the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire he wrote a notice of the family of Percival of Allerton, Lancashire (Trans. vol. i.), and a description of an old Chester document (vol. v.).
In 1826 Heywood printed a pamphlet on The Earls of Derby and the Verse Writers of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Manchester; it was reprinted in 1853 by the Chetham Society. In 1829 he annotated and printed The most Pleasant Song of Lady Bessy, the eldest Daughter of King Edward the Fourth.

## Family

Heywood married in 1823 Mary Elizabeth, daughter of the merchant John Barton (1770–1831) of Swinton, Lancashire, owner of Saxby Hall. Mary Elizabeth Sumner, founder of the Mothers' Union was their daughter. She married George Henry Sumner. They had another daughter, Margaret, who married her first cousin Sir Thomas Percival Heywood, 2nd Baronet, and a son Thomas (1826–1915), whose first wife was Mary Emily Beresford, daughter of Marcus Beresford. Margaret became a Catholic convert.
# Nyctimystes zweifeli

Nyctimystes zweifeli, or Zweifel's big-eyed tree frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
# Nyukawa Dam

Nyukawa Dam is a gravity dam located in Gifu Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control, water supply and power production. The catchment area of the dam is 23 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 32 ha of land when full and can store 6200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1975 and completed in 2012.
# Turbonilla solomonensis

Turbonilla solomonensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Po Lam (constituency)

Po Lam (Chinese: 寶林) is one of the 29 constituencies in the Sai Kung District.
The constituency returns one district councillor to the Sai Kung District Council, with an election every four years.
Po Lam constituency is loosely based on Po Lam Estate in Po Lam with estimated population of 15,416.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 1991 | Alfred Au Ning-fat | ADPL |
| ???? | Alfred Au Ning-fat | Civil Force |
| 2014 | Alfred Au Ning-fat | NPP/CF |
| 2019 | Fung Kwan-on →Vacant | Neo Democrats→Independent |

## Election results
### 2010s

Sai Kung District Council Election, 2019: Po Lam :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Neo Democrats | Fung Kwan-on | 4,599 | 57.60 |
| | NPP (Civil Force) | Tam Chuk-kwan | 3,385 | 42.40 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,214 | 15.20 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,019 | 68.83 |
| | Neo Democrats gain from NPP | Neo Democrats gain from NPP | Swing | |