OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paul Capital

Paul Capital is a private equity investment firm made up of a fund of funds, secondary investments and a healthcare direct investment (royalty and revenue interest financing) business. The firm has more than 100 employees and manages more than $7 billion across its three distinct investment platforms.
Paul Capital has offices in Hong Kong, London, New York City, Paris, São Paulo and San Francisco, as well as a network of regional representatives with local expertise in North America, Latin America, the United Kingdom, Western Europe, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, Asia and Australia.

## History

Philip Paul founded the firm when he had the opportunity to acquire 42 venture capital and leveraged buyout fund positions from the Hillman Company in 1991. This was one of the earliest transactions in the private equity secondary market and was completed before there was a name for this market or dedicated pools of capital available to acquire such illiquid assets.
Paul Capital expanded its investment platforms to include a fund of funds business and a healthcare team to purchase royalty and revenue interests in drug and device products.

## Secondary investments

Paul Capital has been an investor in the private equity secondary market (also known as secondaries) since 1991. The firm's secondaries team is the oldest and largest of Paul Capital’s three investment platforms with more than $4.4 billion in assets under management. Paul Capital has opened dedicated secondary private equity offices in emerging markets, including Asia and Latin America.
Paul Capital’s latest secondary fund, Paul Capital Partners IX, L.P., closed in May 2008 with $1.65 billion in capital commitments.
Paul provides liquidity solutions to institutional investors through the acquisition of interests in private equity funds as well as interests in private companies. Paul Capital works with a broad range of sellers, including pension funds, financial institutions, endowments, family offices, corporations and general partners. In addition to “traditional” secondary private equity transactions, Paul employs transaction structures for investors with complex needs, including but not limited to: the inability to bear a significant discount to their carrying value, the need to preserve relationships with general partners in the portfolio while still achieving early liquidity and concerns about forgoing the future upside portfolios.
# Três Estrelas

The Três Estrelas book imprint, owned by Grupo Folha, was created in 2012 and covers the non-fiction field, with books on journalism, communication, history, politics, sociology, economics, philosophy, psychoanalysis, scientific information, and biography.
The first titles launched were “A Perfeição Não Existe", by Tostão; "História da Imprensa Paulista", by Oscar Pilagallo; and "Diário da Corte", by Paulo Francis.
The imprint's name was inspired by the three stars accompanying the logo of Folha de S.Paulo, the flagship newspaper published by the company that owns the imprint.
# British and Irish Boxing Authority

The British & Irish Boxing Authority (BIBA) is a professional boxing governing, sanctioning, and licensing organization that operates primarily within the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

## History

BIBA was launched in April 2016. In September 2019, it was announced that the authority had sanctioned the comeback fight of Nigel Benn, who will take on Sakio Bika in Birmingham on 23 November 2019.
# Tum, Nigeria

Tum is a village in Kagoro chiefdom, Kaura Local Government Area in southern Kaduna State in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. The village uses the near by post office at Kagoro.

## People and language
### People

The people of Tum are mainly ethnic Atyap, belonging to two subgroups, Atyap proper and Agworok.

### Language

The two dialects of Tyap spoken in Tum are Tyap proper and Gworok.

## Notable people

* Sen. Danjuma Laah, Entrepreneur, politician
# Patrick O'Hea

Patrick O'Hea (born 1848) was an Irish nationalist politician and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1885 to 1890.
At the 1885 general election he was elected unopposed as an Irish Parliamentary Party MP for the newly created West Donegal constituency. He was re-elected unopposed in 1886, and resigned from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on 19 May 1890 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.
# British civil air ensign

The British civil air ensign is the flag that may be flown at civil aviation establishments in the United Kingdom and be displayed on UK-registered civil aircraft. It should be flown at civilian air facilities as the national flag in place of the Union flag.
The ensign's field is light blue and has a dark blue Saint George's cross which is fimbriated white placed overall. The Union flag is in the canton.
The civil air ensign was instituted by an Order in Council on 11 August 1931. The order stated that "An ensign called the Civil Air Ensign is the proper national colour to be flown by aircraft and air transport undertakings and at aerodromes." The first civil air ensign to be flown in London was hoisted by Mrs Victor Bruce, the noted British woman aviator.
The 1931 Order was revoked by the Civil Air Ensign Order made on 18 March 1937 additionally permitting the use of the flag on buildings used by the Ministry of Civil Aviation or air transport undertakings, on vehicles used personally by the minister and by any person given special permission by the minister.
The prototype flag had been made up in silk and was kept throughout World War II by the Civil Aviation Department in a series of locations in London. In October 1948 it was handed to the Ministry of Civil Aviation Library for retention and display. The visible stains on the light blue silk were said to have been caused by water from the fire brigade's hoses used in quelling a fire in the roof at Parliament Square House, caused by a German incendiary bomb, whilst the CAD was accommodated there.
In 1957, a ministry working party reviewing the Air Navigation Order concluded that it was anomalous to regulate the use of the civil air ensign when no special regulations were required to control the use of its maritime equivalent, the Red Ensign. All mention of the civil air ensign was therefore omitted from the Air Navigation Order 1960.
It was part of the livery, as the tail logo, of the Civil Aviation Flying Unit (CAFU) and its predecessors from 1944 to 1982. In 1982 the last two HS 748s were repainted in a CAA corporate blue and white scheme and the civil air ensign was replaced by the Union Flag. The ensign next appeared on the fin of HS 125-700 registration G-UKCA operated by the Civil Aviation Authority from 1987 to 1992 and subsequently by HS 125-700 G-OCAA until 2002.
The British civil air ensign is also the basis for several versions used by other countries.
# Brits Airfield

Brits Airfield (ICAO-Code: FABS) is a small airfield located in Brits, South Africa. It mainly facilitates light and ultra-light aircraft as well as Gliders.

## Communication

* Communication Frequencies
** Brits Airfield 124.20 MHz (Unmanned)
# Pope Calixtus

Pope Calixtus can refer to three different popes:
* Pope Callixtus I, pope from about 217 to about 222
* Pope Callixtus II, pope from 1119 to 1124
* Pope Callixtus III, pope from 1455 to 1458
# Northrop, Utah

Northrop, now a ghost town, was a small, early settlement in Washington County, Utah, United States, established in 1861 by Isaac Behunin. It was located at the confluence of the North Fork and East Fork of the Virgin River. It was one of the settlements formed as part of the cotton growing colony in the County.
Northrop was destroyed by the Great Flood of 1862 and the settlers moved to settle on some nearby land with more space for growth and above the river floods, in what is now Springdale.

## Site today

The site of Northrop was just at the confluence of the North and East Forks of the Virgin River, on the east side of the Virgin River east of Grafton. Nothing remains; the site was just beginning to be settled when it was washed away by the worst flood recorded in the Western United States.
# Trombidium teres

Trombidium teres is a species of mite in the genus Trombidium in the family Trombidiidae. It is found in France.
# Allergic inflammation

Allergic inflammation is an important pathophysiological feature of several disabilities or medical conditions including allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and several ocular allergic diseases. Allergic reactions may generally be divided into two components; the early phase reaction, and the late phase reaction. While the contribution to the development of symptoms from each of the phases varies greatly between diseases, both are usually present and provide us a framework for understanding allergic disease.
The early phase of the allergic reaction typically occurs within minutes, or even seconds, following allergen exposure and is also commonly referred to as the immediate allergic reaction or as a Type I allergic reaction. The reaction is caused by the release of histamine and mast cell granule proteins by a process called degranulation, as well as the production of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and cytokines, by mast cells following the cross-linking of allergen specific IgE molecules bound to mast cell FcεRI receptors. These mediators affect nerve cells causing itching, smooth muscle cells causing contraction (leading to the airway narrowing seen in allergic asthma), goblet cells causing mucus production, and endothelial cells causing vasodilatation and edema.
The late phase of a Type 1 reaction (which develops 8–12 hours and is mediated by mast cells) should not be confused with delayed hypersensitivity Type IV allergic reaction (which takes 48–72 hours to develop and is mediated by T cells). The products of the early phase reaction include chemokines and molecules that act on endothelial cells and cause them to express Intercellular adhesion molecule (such as vascular cell adhesion molecule and selectins), which together result in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes from the blood into the site of the allergic reaction. Typically, the infiltrating cells observed in allergic reactions contain a high proportion of lymphocytes, and especially, of eosinophils. The recruited eosinophils will degranulate releasing a number of cytotoxic molecules (including Major Basic Protein and eosinophil peroxidase) as well as produce a number of cytokines such as IL-5. The recruited T-cells are typically of the Th2 variety and the cytokines they produce lead to further recruitment of mast cells and eosinophils, and in plasma cell isotype switching to IgE which will bind to the mast cell FcεRI receptors and prime the individual for further allergic responses.
# The Presidents (American soul band)

The Presidents were an American soul group from Washington, D.C. The group's members were Tony Boyd, Archie Powell, and Billy Shorter. The group scored a hit in the United States in 1970 with the Van McCoy produced track, "5-10-15-20 (25-30 Years of Love)", taken from the Sussex Records album of the same name. The album hit #158 on the Billboard Hot 200 and #15 on the R&B Albums chart, and the song peaked at #11 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, #5 on the R&B singles chart, and #43 in Canada.
Later in the 1970s, the group changed its name to Trilogy, then Anacostia, under which they recorded the similar-sounding single "On and Off" (later recorded by David Ruffin) and continued recording under this name into the 1980s.
# Percival Guildhouse

The Percival Guildhouse is an independent adult education centre and registered charity in Rugby, Warwickshire, England.
It is based in a building on St Matthew Street in the town centre, which dates from the mid-19th century, and which was once the home of the antiquarian Matthew Bloxam (1805-1888). The building itself is grade II listed.
The Percival Guild was founded in 1925 to promote adult education in Rugby, named after John Percival, a former headmaster of Rugby School. Some old boys of Rugby School purchased Bloxam's old home to house the institution creating the Guildhouse.
Today it provides morning, afternoon and evening classes from Monday to Friday in a wide variety of subjects, and has an attached cafe and adjacent gardens which are open to the public, and are alongside the Rugby Art Gallery, Museum & Library.

## Notable people

* Maurice Beresford, historian and archaeologist known for his later work on deserted medieval villages including Wharram Percy, served as sub-warden (1942–1943) and then warden (1943–1948) of Percival Guildhouse.
# David Glenn

David Glenn may refer to:
* David Glenn (pioneer)
* David Glenn (garden designer)
* David Glenn (footballer)
# Washington ground squirrel

The Washington ground squirrel (Urocitellus washingtoni) is near threatened species of squirrel distributed in the Pacific Northwest states of Washington and Oregon, United States.

## Distribution

The Washington ground squirrel lives in sagebrush or grassland habitats in the Columbia River Basin of Washington and Oregon. Washington ground squirrels hibernate/estivate 7–8 months each year. Adults breed shortly after emergence from hibernation in January or February and juveniles emerge from the natal burrow in March. Juveniles disperse away from the natal burrow and settle into new areas. All Washington ground squirrels gain weight and prepare for hibernation in late spring and early summer. Juveniles immerge for estivation in June or July, and adults begin estivating earlier, often in June.
One radiotracking study focused on dispersal of Washington ground squirrels. It found that 72% percent of juvenile males dispersed in April. Dispersal distances ranged from 40 to 3521 meters and the median dispersal distance was 880 meters. Twenty to 56% of radio-collared juvenile squirrels survived to estivation. Raptors and badgers were the primary causes of mortality. Survival rates of dispersers were higher than non-dispersers, mostly due to badger predation on natal sites.

## Conservation

The species is listed as endangered in Oregon and is a candidate for endangered species listing in the United States, but is not currently listed. The IUCN formerly listed the species as vulnerable, but currently it is listed as near threatened.
# Aldrig mer

"Aldrig mer" (Swedish:; transl. "Never Again") is a song by Swedish singer and songwriter Clara Klingenström. The song was released as a single on 17 February 2024 and competed in Melodifestivalen 2024.

## Background and composition

"Aldrig mer" was written by Klingenström, together with Bobby Ljunggren and David Lindgren Zacharias [sv]. They also produced the song together with David Zandén [sv]. In an interview, Klingenström spoke of the song's development: "We all met at [Ljunggren]’s house. [Zacharias] and [Ljunggren] had made a melody that I got to listen to and it was the melody for the chorus of this song. After that we started making the melody for the rest of the song. I took the melody home with me and wrote the lyrics. I always want to write the lyrics myself because of the storytelling in my songs."
Klingenström described the song as a follow-up to her previous Melodifestivalen entry, "Behöver inte dig idag". She basically described the song as an expression of her feelings when writing the lyrics of the song.

## Melodifestivalen 2024

On 1 December 2023, it was announced that the song will be competing in Melodifestivalen 2024, Sweden's national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024. The song was drawn to compete in the third heat on 17 February 2024, but failed to qualify to the final.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Aldrig mer" :
| Chart (2024) | Peak position |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) | 2 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "Aldrig mer" :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| Various | 17 February 2024 | Digital downloadstreaming | WarnerFreebird Entertainment ABADA Nordic | |
# Halipeurus pelagicus

Halipeurus pelagicus is a species of phtilopterid louse found on seabirds including the European storm petrel, but it is not found on the Wilson's storm petrel.
# Gamboa

Gamboa may refer to:

## People

* Gamboa (name), a list of people with the surname

## Places

* Gamboa Airport, Castro, Chile
* Gamboa, Panama, a town in Colón Province, Panama
* Gamboa, Praia, a neighborhood in Praia, Cape Verde
* Gamboa, Rio de Janeiro, a neighborhood
* Gamboa (crater), a crater on Mars
# Trombley

Trombley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Laura Skandera Trombley (21st century), fifth president of Pitzer College
* Mike Trombley (born 1967), American baseball player
* Rosalie Trombley (1939–2021), Canadian music director
* Stephen Trombley (born 1954), American author, musician, and filmmaker
# Ommatissopyrops lusitanicus

Ommatissopyrops lusitanicus is a moth in the family Epipyropidae. It was described by António Bivar de Sousa and José Alberto Quartau in 1998. It is found in Spain and Portugal.
The larvae are ectoparasites of Ommatissus binotatus.
# Gutenberg-Gymnasium Erfurt

The Gutenberg-Gymnasium Erfurt is a gymnasium (secondary school) located in Erfurt, Germany. It opened in 1991 and has approximately 750 students between the ages of 10 and 19.

## History

* The Gutenberg-Gymnasium was formed from the earlier "Gutenberg School" which was built in 1908. Before the German reunification the Art Nouveau building housed a Polytechnic Secondary School.
* In 2001 the school celebrated its tenth anniversary with a series of events such as dances.
* It shares a twin-school relationship with two other schools, one in Mainz and the other with Bowling Green High School in Kentucky, United States.

## Massacre

On April 26, 2002, 19-year-old Robert Steinhäuser, a recently expelled student, brought two firearms to school and moved from classroom to classroom shooting teachers, and altogether killed 13 teachers and 2 students. When police arrived on the scene, he shot an officer in the head, killing him instantly. He was then locked in a room by a teacher, where he committed suicide. Subsequent to these events, the school was closed for renovations and officially re-opened more than three years later on August 29, 2005. German chancellor Gerhard Schröder spoke at the ceremony.
# Tembiligala Udagama

Tembiligala Udagama is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province.
# David Glendenning Cogan

David Glendenning Cogan (14 February 1908, in Fall River, Massachusetts – 9 September 1993, in Wayne, Michigan) was an American ophthalmologist.

## Biography

Cogan studied at Dartmouth College as an undergraduate from 1925 to 1928, and at Dartmouth Medical School from 1928 to 1930. He received his bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College in 1929. He enrolled at Harvard Medical School in 1930 and received his medical degree there in 1932.
He spent a year at the University of Chicago Clinics as an intern, then served a two-year residency at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary in Boston. He spent 1937 in medical study in Switzerland, Germany and Holland on Harvard's Moseley Travelling Fellowship.
Cogan was from 1940 to 1943 the acting director of, and from 1943 to 1973 the director of, Harvard Medical School's Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology. From 1962 to 1968 he was the chair of Harvard Medical School's ophthalmology department. From 1974 to 1985 he was the chief of neuro-ophthalmology at the NIH's National Eye Institute.
His 1948 text Neurology of the Ocular Muscles and his 1966 text Neurology of the Visual System were major contributions to neuro-ophthalmology.
Cogan was part of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission that reported on radiation-induced cataracts suffered by survivors of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
Upon his death he was survived by his wife, Frances Capps Cogan (a medical doctor who did research on ophthalmology), two daughters, and four granddaughters.

## Awards and honors

* 1944 — Warren Prize
* 1954 — Proctor Award
* 1968 — Mackenzie Medal
* 1969 — Research to Prevent Blindness Award
* 1974 — Gonin Medal
* 1988 — Cogan Award established by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
# Bezuidenhout Valley

Bezuidenhout Valley is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The area lies to the east of the Johannesburg CBD and is surrounded by the suburbs of Kensington to the south and Observatory to the north. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. It is colloquially known as the Bez Valley.

## History

The suburb is situated on part of an old Witwatersrand farm called Doornfontein. The farm Doornfontein was purchased in 1861 from B.P. Viljoen by Frederik Jacobus Bezuidenhout. Parts of the farm were sold from 1902 and the suburb stands from 1906.$^{:67}$ In March 1949, Willem Bezuidenhout sold the remaining land of 133ha to the Johannesburg City Council for use as a park and to be called Bezuidenhout Park.$^{:67}$
# Archibald James Macintyre

Prof Archibald James Macintyre HFRSE (3 July 1908 – 4 August 1967) was a British-born mathematician.

## Life

He was born in Sheffield on 3 July 1908, the second child of William Ewart Archibald Macintyre (b.1878) previously of Long Eaton, and his wife, Mary Beatrice Askew. His father was a schoolmaster in Sheffield and his mother was a former teacher.
Archibald was educated at the Central Secondary School in Sheffield (previously known as the High Storrs Grammar School). He left school in 1926 and won a place at Magdalene College, Cambridge studying a Mathematics Tripos under Arthur Stanley Ramsey. Fellow students included Donald Coxeter, Raymond Paley and Harold Davenport. He graduated BA as a Wrangler in 1929 then began research under Dr Edward Collingwood.
In 1930 he became an assistant lecturer in both applied maths and theoretical physics at Cambridge University. He received his doctorate (PhD) in 1933. In 1936 he accepted a post of lecturer at Aberdeen University. Here he stayed for many years, rising to senior lecturer. In 1947 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were E. M. Wright, Ivor Etherington, Edward Thomas Copson, Edmund Taylor Whittaker and James Cossar.
In 1958 he moved to the University of Cincinnati in the United States, as a visiting professor of mathematics. He was recruited primarily as a reaction to Sputnik. America wanted to increase its role in the sciences and math. His wife stayed in Aberdeen, Scotland where she continued to teach mathematics at King's College. A year later he accepted a permanent position at the University of Cincinnati and sent for his wife who was also given a teaching position as a lecturer in mathematics. They formed a highly unusual husband-wife team.
He died in Cincinnati on 4 August 1967, eight years after his wife died of breast cancer.

## Family

In 1940, he married Sheila Scott, a noted mathematician in her own right.
They had three children: Alister William (February 8, 1944 – May 17, 2017), Douglas who died at age two in 1948, and Susan Elizabeth who currently teaches mathematics for Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati.
# Thomas Lowten Jenkins

Thomas Lowten Jenkins (1812–1869) was an English barrister and rower who twice won the Wingfield Sculls, the amateur championship of the River Thames.
Jenkins was called to bar at Inner Temple in 1837. He joined Leander Club and in 1839 competed in the Wingfield Sculls when he lost to Henry Chapman. However he won in a rowover in 1840 when Chapman was unable to compete for health reasons. Also in 1840 he rowed number 5 in the Leander eight which won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. He won the Wingfield Sculls again in 1841. In 1847 he umpired the Boat Race.
Jenkins then went to India in the legal service and became Master in Equity in the Supreme Court until the end of 1858. Back in England he lived at Wraxall House Somerset and in 1860 became a member of council for Clifton College.
Jenkins died in London at the age of 57.
Jenkins married Emily Feliza Vaughan, youngest daughter of Charles Vaughan of Clifton Gloucestershire in Bombay on 16 June 1849.