OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brian Lavery

Brian Lavery (born 18 July 1945), is a British naval historian, author, and Curator Emeritus at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, England.

## Biography

Lavery was born in Scotland and brought up in Dumbarton. Upon graduating, Lavery worked first as a teacher, then in the printing industry, before gradually fulfilling his interest in maritime heritage as an author, consultant, and curator, building a solid reputation as a highly respected authority in the field. He worked at Chatham Historic Dockyard on the Wooden Walls exhibition. During 14 years in the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich he developed the modern collecting policy and worked on numerous exhibitions such as Seapower, All Hands, and several of the galleries in the Neptune Court development. He has lectured regularly on cruise ships, including many trips on the square rigger Sea Cloud, and he undertakes maritime tours in the United Kingdom and Europe. Traditional Boats & Tall Ships refers to him as "one of the world's leading naval historians." He has since published over 30 books, covering marine architecture, ship construction (including several in Conway's Anatomy of the Ship series), and naval warfare from its infancy to present day. He is a leading expert in the career of Nelson and the broader Royal Navy. Patrick O'Brian found Nelson's Navy (1989) to be "the most nearly regal that I have come across in many years of reading on the subject." The Times labelled the same book a "masterpiece on life in the Senior Service under England's favourite seafaring son."
In addition to editing works such as Deane's Doctrine of Naval Architecture 1670, Lavery produces articles which feature regularly in maritime magazines and journals.
Lavery was a historical consultant on Peter Weir's 2003 blockbuster film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, starring Russell Crowe and Paul Bettany. His naval expertise was also utilised "on the replica constructions of Captain Cook's Endeavour and the emigrant ship Susan Constant", the latter being the subject of his 1988 book.
In 2007, Lavery released Churchill Goes to War. In November of the same year, Lady Mountbatten presented Lavery with the Desmond Wettern Maritime Media Award at a ceremony aboard the MV Silver Sturgeon. According to the Maritime Foundation, the award "was made to Mr Lavery as an author, broadcaster, and adviser on major feature films, which have contributed to our understanding of the social structure of Britain's maritime power and all maritime aspects of British national life." The following year, he was awarded the Society for Nautical Research's Anderson Medal.
In 2009, Lavery wrote a The Sunday Times bestselling book to accompany the BBC series Empire of the Seas, presented by Dan Snow, which, as The Sunday Express explains, "looks at the growth off Britain thanks to the Royal Navy, from Drake's defeat of the Armada to the First World War."

## Awards

* Society for Nautical Research's Anderson Medal (2008)
* Desmond Wettern Maritime Media Award (2007)
# Case of Mines

The Case of Mines or R v Earl of Northumberland was decided in 1568.
Rather than the usual four judges, a full panel of twelve common law senior judges, on appeal, decided "that by the law all mines of gold and silver within the realm, whether they be in the lands of the Queen, or of subjects, belong to the Queen by prerogative, with liberty to dig and carry away the ores thereof, and with other such incidents thereto as are necessary to be used for the getting of the ore."
The decision was in the law of England and Wales and was later confirmed by courts to be applicable in the monarch's other realms and dominions. The royalties payable by custom to the UK government have been passed by British statute to the former dominions early in their recognition as dominions.

## Facts

The Earl of Northumberland in 1568 was Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland. The queen was Elizabeth I of England.
Some copper miners in Keswick found an admixture of gold in copper mined from lands belonging to the Earl of Northumberland. Due to concerns about revenue and the possibility of a renewed war with Spain, the Queen’s advisers were anxious to claim prerogative rights to the gold. A suit was brought in the Court of Exchequer Chamber and judgment was for the Queen founding the Crown’s right to mine gold or silver.
The challenge by the Earl of Northumberland was on the ground that the work was within the Royalties granted to his family in a former reign.

## Judgment

Twelve judges decided in favour of the queen,
   that by the law all mines of gold and silver within the realm, whether they be in the lands of the Queen, or of subjects, belong to the Queen by prerogative, with liberty to dig and carry away the ores thereof, and with other such incidents thereto as are necessary to be used for the getting of the ore.
The neglect of the earl and his predecessors to work the minerals during seventy years 'had made that questionable which for ages was out of question', and the prerogative was revoked.
This illustrates that in theory all gold and silver belongs to the queen, and that most authorities to extract minerals granted have a "use it, or lose it" component.

## Significance

On 28 May 1568 two mining monopolies were created, the Company of Mineral and Battery Works and the Society of Mines Royal. The effects of the decision were limited by the Royal Mines Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 30), which removed the monopoly of these two companies.

### Reporting of the case

One report featured in the later English Reports series. Plowden's extensive report was published some years after the judgment.

### Subsequent cases

The case has remained the leading case in New Zealand law on the royal prerogative to the royal metals of gold and silver; by statute all related royalties flow to the government of New Zealand. The case was also the authority on which the controversial Miner's Licences in Australia were introduced at the time of the Australian gold rushes.
# Carpark North (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Gaffa | |
Carpark North is the debut album by Danish electronic rock band Carpark North. It was released on 10 February 2003.
Two songs from the album were previously released: "There's a Place" in 2001 on the airwaves of Danish national radio, and "40 Days" on Carpark North's 40 Days EP.
The album was used as a soundtrack for the Danish teen-horror hit movie "Midsommer". The first single from the album, "Transparent & Glasslike" was an instant hit on the radio, and the album sold 10,000 units the first week. Over the following months the debut was certified platinum in Denmark, and the following Danish tour was sold out.
In 2005, the song "Homeland" was used in the hit American TV series Alias.

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 1 |
# Casanate

Casanate, is a village in Álamos Municipality in the Mexican state of Sonora, in northwestern Mexico. It is 48.5 kilometers south southeast of Álamos and 26.7 kilometers Northwest of El Fuerte, in Sinaloa. It lies on the left bank of the Rio Cuchujaqui at an elevation of 140 meters. Its population at the time of its last census was 69 persons, 37 males and 32 females.

## History

Casanate, was the location of the hacienda Tapizuelas built by the Spanish Colonel of Militias, of Real de Los Alamos, Don Francisco Julian De Alvarado after he acquired the rancho on July 1, 1748. It was one of the stops located along the route of El Camino Real through Sinaloa and Sonora between El Fuerte, Sinaloa and Álamos, Sonora.
# Velkovrhia

Velkovrhia is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Bougainvilliidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
# Baker Street Mill, Orsett

Baker Street Mill is a grade II listed smock mill at Baker Street, Orsett, Essex, England which has been part adapted to residential use on its lower two floors only.

## History

Baker Street Mill is said to have been built in 1765, although a date of 1762 is recorded in the mill. The earliest firm reference for the mill is 1796, this from a sale notice in 1808. It is likely that the mill was raised a storey between 1762 and 1814. The mill was working by wind until 1914. A steam mill was built near the mill towards the end of its working life, a new boiler being supplied in 1906.
The mill gradually became more and more derelict, losing two sails in 1926 to a lightning strike. The windmill and steam mill were converted to residential accommodation in 1982.

## Description

Baker Street Mill is a three-storey smock mill on a two-storey brick base, with a stage at first-floor level. The mill had four double patent sails, and the Kentish-style cap is winded by a fantail.

### Mill

Baker Street Mill has an octagonal two-storey brick base, the walls of which are almost 3 feet (914 mm) thick at ground level. The base is 20 feet 4 inches (6.20 m) across the flats and 18 feet 6 inches (5.64 m) high, the brickwork at the top of the base is about 18 inches (457 mm) thick.
The smock is 21 feet 8 inches (6.60 m) from sill to curb. The mill is 11 feet (3.35 m) diameter at the curb, the cant posts being about 10 inches (254 mm) square. The stage is at first-floor level, 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) above the ground.
The cap is of Kentish style, with blisters for the brake wheel, with an overall height of some 8 feet (2.44 m), giving the mill an overall height of about 46 feet 6 inches (14.17 m). Winding is by an eight-bladed fantail, although originally the mill was winded by hand.

### Sails and windshaft

Baker Street Mill has a cast-iron windshaft and four double patent sails. The windshaft was originally a wooden one. The last working sails were an odd pair, the outer pair having eight bays of four shutters and one bay of three, the inner pair having eleven bays of three shutters.

### Machinery

The wooden brake wheel is of clasp arm construction, 8 feet (2.44 m) diameter. It has been converted from compass arm construction. The rim is of elm. The Wallower is wooden, as is the upright shaft. The compass arm great spur wheel is 7 feet (2.13 m) diameter, and has six arms. The mill originally worked two pairs of overdrift millstones, with a third pair being added later.

### Fantail

Baker Street Mill was winded by an eight-bladed fantail, replacing the original hand winding by means of a Y wheel and chain, which was retained as a standby method of winding the mill.

## Millers

* James Woollings 1830–1839
* William Woolings 1848–1886
* Emma Woolings 1890–1894
* Thomas Ridgewell 1898
* Christopher Moore 1902
* Arthur William Cocks 1908
* William Scott 1910
* H Lindsey 1912
List reference
# Bulbophyllum brevilabium

Bulbophyllum brevilabium is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Tony Cosmo

Tony Cosmo (born c.1940) is an actor and rock musician famous for his role in Reservoir Dogs, and for appearing in the first live action adaptation of Percy French's poem Abdul Abulbul Amir.

## Career

Cosmo's career began in the 1960s, when he fronted a rock and roll band signed with an American label called Fling Records. The group recorded two singles: Wise To You, and Ponytail Annie. Other original compositions included Teenager For President, Give Me Some, The Big Party, and Tiny Hands.
During the 1980s, Cosmo was based in the UK and starred in a series of musical commercials for Whitbread Best Bitter Beer alongside Roy Castle and Blackadder star Tim McInnerny. Cosmo played the Russo-Turkish War era Mameluke Abdul Abulbul Amir who was constantly outwitting the foppish Russian Count portrayed by legendary comedian Stephen Fry. The latter described Cosmo as a "menacing, swarthy character" in his autobiography.
In 1992, Cosmo was cast as a sheriff in Quentin Tarantino's cult film Reservoir Dogs.
# Timber Fury

Timber Fury is a 1950 American Western film directed by Bernard B. Ray and starring David Bruce, Laura Lee and Nicla Di Bruno.

## Cast

* David Bruce as Jim Caldwell
* Laura Lee as Phyllis Wilson
* Nicla Di Bruno as Yvonne
* Sam Flint as Henry Wilson
* George Slocum as Arnold McCabe
* Lee Phelps as Sheriff Williams
* Gil Frye as Pete
* Paul Hoffman as Spike
* Spencer Chan as Chung
* Myron Healey as Paxton Man
* Ray Jones as Barfly
* Hank Mann as Joe, the Bartender
# Tooma River

Tooma River, a perennial stream that has had some of its flow diverted as a result of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, is part of the Murray catchment within the Murray–Darling basin and is located in the Australian Alpine region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

The river rises near Mount Jagungal on the western slopes of the Snowy Mountains and its natural flow drains generally north, then west before turning south, joined by eight tributaries including the Tumbarumba Creek, and reaching its confluence with the Murray River between the villages of Tooma and Tintaldra; descending 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) over its 74 kilometres (46 mi) course.
The Tooma Reservoir, part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, captures water in the headwaters of the Tooma River, and diverts some of the water to the Tumut Pondage on the Tumut River, where the water is used to generate electricity in the sequence of hydro-electric power stations along the length of the Tumut River. This diversion results in a transfer of water from the Murray River catchment (which includes the Tooma River), to the Murrumbidgee River catchment (which includes the Tumut River). However, a compensating opposite transfer from the Murrumbidgee to the Murray basins is made using a different part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme.
# Bo Lawergren

Bo Lawergren is a music archaeologist and physicist. A Professor Emeritus of physics at Hunter College, he received his PhD in nuclear physics from the Australian National University of Canberra, Australia.

## Publications

* Lawergren, Bo (2003). "Oxus Trumpets, CA, 2200-1800 BCE: Material, Overview, Usage, Societal Role, and Catalog". Iranica Antiqua. 38: 41–118. doi:10.2143/IA.38.0.136.
* Lawergren, Bo (Feb 1998). "Distinctions among Canaanite, Philistine, and Israelite Lyres, and their Global Lyrical Contexts". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (309): 41–68. doi:10.2307/1357602. JSTOR 1357602. S2CID 163212339.
* Lawergren, Bo; Gurney, O.R. (1987). "Sound Holes and Geometrical Figures. Clues to the Terminology of Ancient Mesopotamian Harps". Iraq. 49: 37–52. doi:10.2307/4200263. JSTOR 4200263.
* Lawergren, Bo (1994). "Buddha as a Musician: An Illustration of a Jataka Story". Artibus Asiae. 54 (3/4): 226–240. doi:10.2307/3250057. JSTOR 3250057.
* Lawergren, Bo (2019). "Music". In Dien, Albert E.; Knapp, Keith N. (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume II: Six Dynasties, 220–589. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 698–720. ISBN 978-1-107-02077-1.
# Toralv Maurstad

Toralv Maurstad (24 November 1926 – 4 November 2022) was a Norwegian stage, film, and television actor. He was the son of actor Alfred Maurstad and actress Tordis Maurstad (née Witzøe), and half-brother of actress Mari Maurstad. His screen debut came in the 1937 film Fant, which starred his father Alfred.
Maurstad graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London in 1949. Through the years he not only worked as a leading actor but was also a respected stage director, and was the head of Oslo Nye Teater (Oslo New Theatre) from 1967 to 1978. He was also head of Norway's National Theatre Nationaltheatret from 1978 to 1986. Maurstad was considered perhaps the greatest interpreter of Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt, having played the part numerous times (he even performed excerpts from the play as late as the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City).
Maurstad's only American film appearance was the 1970 box office and critical disappointment Song of Norway, a musical about the life of composer Edvard Grieg co-starring Florence Henderson. It was based on the 1944 Broadway musical.
A testament to his position in Norwegian theatre came when in the 1970s he co-starred with Liv Ullmann in a critically acclaimed Broadway-staging of Ibsen's A Doll's House in New York City.
In 1974 the King of Norway made him a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and in March 2007, Maurstad was appointed a Commander of the Order of St. Olav.

## Personal life and death

Maurstad's first wife was the Swedish actress Eva Henning. They had two sons: Peder Maurstad and Momse Maurstad (who died at six months). He then married Anne-Ma Burum. He married his third wife, actress Beate Eriksen, on New Year's Eve 1999, when she was 39 and he was 73. In 2001, Eriksen's application for adopting a child was rejected because Maurstad was considered to be too old. According to Norwegian rules, people who intend to adopt a child should be between 25 and 45, and Maurstad was 74.
Maurstad died on 4 November 2022, at the age of 95.
# Toralla

Toralla (Catalan pronunciation:) is a hamlet located in the municipality of Conca de Dalt, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 22.

## Geography

Toralla is located 111km north-northeast of Lleida.
# Pagar Gunung, Mandailing Natal

Pagar Gunung is a village in Kotanopan district, Mandailing Natal Regency in North Sumatra province, Indonesia. Its population is 178.$^{:179}$

## Climate

Pagar Gunung has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round.
Climate data for Pagar Gunung :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.4 (81.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 26.8 (80.2) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.4 (81.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.9 (71.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.9 (71.4) | 21.8 (71.2) | 21.9 (71.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) | 16.2 (61.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 15.7 (60.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.9 (62.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 16.4 (61.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 282 (11.1) | 243 (9.6) | 346 (13.6) | 413 (16.3) | 260 (10.2) | 214 (8.4) | 234 (9.2) | 216 (8.5) | 345 (13.6) | 401 (15.8) | 359 (14.1) | 357 (14.1) | 3,670 (144.5) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||
# Pagara

Pagara is a monotypic moth genus in the family Erebidae. Its only species, Pagara simplex, the mouse-colored lichen moth, is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Tennessee. Both the genus and species were described by Francis Walker in 1856.
The wingspan is about 23 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing year round in the southern part of the range.

## Former species

* Pagara fuscipes (Grote, 1883)
# Ann B. Moser

Ann Boody Moser (born 1940) is an American biochemist specializing in neurology. She researches the development of therapies for adrenoleukodystrophy. Moser is an associate professor emerita in neurology at the Johns Hopkins University. She is a research associate in neurology and the co-director of the peroxisomal diseases laboratory at the Kennedy Krieger Institute.

## Life

Moser was born in 1940 in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Moser completed a B.A. in biochemistry from Radcliffe College in 1961. As an undergraduate, she was a technician in Konrad Emil Bloch's laboratory. Moser completed an honors thesis under Bloch's guidance. Moser met her future husband, Hugo Moser at the radioactivity counter while they were working in Manfred L. Karnovsky's laboratory in the department of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical School. Several years later, Hugo interviewed and hired Moser for a position in his laboratory at McLean Hospital. They married in December 1963 and she continued researching sulfate metabolism. She was the first to identify cholesterol sulfate in the human brain.
She joined the Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI) in 1976 as a senior technician. In 1982, she was promoted to assistant in neurology. In the 1980s, Moser and her husband were developing a screening technique to detect adrenoleukodystrophy. In 1992, she became a research associate in neurology. Moser serves as the co-director of the peroxisomal diseases laboratory in the Hugo W. Research Institute at KKI. By 1999, Moser was elected a full member of the American Society for Neurochemistry. In 2017, she was appointed as an associate professor of neurology in the department of neurogenetics at Johns Hopkins University. She is an associate professor emerita in neurology.
# Angola at the 2021 Summer World University Games

Angola competed at the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China held from 28 July to 8 August 2023.

## Competitors

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Fencing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Taekwondo | 0 | 1 | 1 |

## Fencing

| Athlete | Event | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Round of 128 | Round of 64 | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Rank | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Rank |
| João Dianza | Men's individual épée | Sharlaimov (KAZ) L 1–5 | Savoeun (CAM) L 2–5 | Gaetani (ITA) L 0–5 | Pandey (IND) L 1–5 | Schuhmann (AUT) L 1–5 | Paavolainen (FIN) L 1–5 | 101 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Taekwondo
### Kyorugi

| Athlete | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Rank |
| Rosalina Canduco | Women's 53 kg | Katoh (JPN) L 0–2 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Poomsae

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Preliminary | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank |
| Rosalina Canduco | Women's individual | Did not start | Did not start | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Angola at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

Angola competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021. This was their seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Paralympics since 1996.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games:
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Athletics | 1 | 1 | 2 |

## Athletics
### Men's track

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Manuel Ernestro Jaime | 1500m T46 | 4:09.79 | 11 |

### Women's track

| Athlete | Event | Heats | Heats | Semi-final | Semi-final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Juliana Ngleya Moko | 100m T11 | 0:13.03 | 8 | 0:13.15 | 6 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Juliana Ngleya Moko | 200m T11 | 0:27.27 | 8 | 0:27.12 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Juliana Ngleya Moko | 400m T11 | 1:04.26 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Pagodula aculeata

Pagodula aculeata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod in the family Muricidae.
# Pagodidaphne schepmani

Pagodidaphne schepmani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
The specific name schepmani is in honor of Dutch malacologist Mattheus Marinus Schepman.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off East Africa.
# Pagodroma

Pagodroma may refer to:
* Snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), a bird that breeds on the Antarctic Peninsula and various Antarctic islands
* Pagodroma Gorge, a gorge in the Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica