OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hafnia Hodierna

Hafnia Hodierna, Eller Udførlig Beskrivelse om den Kongelige Residentz- og Hoved-Stad Kiøbenhavn (English: Hafnia Hodierna, Or Detailed Description of the Royal Residence and Capital City Copenhagen) is an engraved architectural work on Copenhagen, published by the Danish architect Lauritz de Thurah in 1748. Profusely illustrated throughout, it is a valuable source of knowledge as to the appearance of Copenhagen in the middle of the 18th century. It complements, with some overlap, de Thurah's other major work Den Danske Vitruvius, which focuses primarily on surrounding areas (such as Fredensborg), as well as the rest of Denmark.
In 1967, Rosenkilde & Bagger published a facsimile edition, edited by Svend Cedergreen Bech.
Hafnia Hodierna is Latin for "Copenhagen of today".

## History

Lauritz de Thurah had a military education and was a self-taught architect who learned much of what he knew by studying the inspiring buildings he saw on his travels outside Denmark between 1729 and 1731. His architectural writings can be seen as a natural continuation of this interest.
In 1735 he received a royal grant to collect information and to write a comprehensive work on architecture in Denmark. Hafnia Hodierna appeared in 1748, published at the King's expense, and printed by the best Danish printer at that time, Ernst Henrich Berling.

## Contents

Published as a single quarto volume, Hafnia Hodierna contains 110 plates. It provides important contemporary descriptions, engraved views, and architectural plans of all the principal buildings in Copenhagen, including the three Royal Palaces, other government and public buildings, the townhouses of the aristocracy, and the city's numerous churches. All the views are the work of the skillful drawer Johan Jacob Bruun, while the plans, sections and elevations were made by others, including de Thurah personally. Text appears in Danish, French, and German in parallel columns.

## Gallery

* Tab. XCV. Church of Our Saviour, first proposal for spiral spire
* Tab.XC. Rundetårn
* Tab.LXXXVIII. Church of Sankt Nikolaj.
* Tab.LXXXVI, Church of Our Lady
* Tab XCVII. The Church at Kastellet
* Townhouse of the count Ulrich Adolph Holstein, chancellor, at Kongens Nytorv (since demolished).
* Townhouse of count Johan Ludvig Holstein in Stormgade. The building is depicted in the state it had before the expansion in 1756 by Jacob Fortling.
* Cross section of Trinitatis Church and Rundetårn
# Pope Branch

Pope Branch is a tributary stream of the Anacostia River in Washington, DC, United States. The headwaters of the stream originate near Fort Davis Drive, and the branch flows roughly northwest for about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the Anacostia, which drains to the Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. The watershed area of Pope Branch is about 0.4 square miles (1.0 km$^2$).

## Water quality issues

Pope Branch is in a highly urbanized area and the stream has been polluted by urban runoff (stormwater) and leaking sewer pipes.
The District of Columbia Department of Energy and Environment has conducted stream restoration projects in Pope Branch Park. Regenerative stormwater conveyances were installed to capture runoff from adjacent streets. The restoration work is designed to reduce erosion and pollutant discharges to the stream.
The District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DC Water) completed repairs on the sewer line in 2014. It began stream restoration in the sewer line area in January 2016 and the work was scheduled for completion in October 2016.
# Pope Celadion of Alexandria

Pope Celadion (Keladionus) was the 9th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria. He reigned from the year 152 to 166 AD.
Celadion was born in Alexandria, Egypt. He was elected Patriarch in the year 152 AD during the reign of Antoninus Pius.
He reigned for fourteen years, six months, and three days, and died during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, on the 9th of Epip (16 July), in the year 166 AD.
# Hagios Onouphrios

Hagios Onouphrios was an ancient Minoan city in southern Crete, on the Plain of Messara, a few miles west of Kannia and Gortyn.
# Hagins

Hagins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emily Hagins (born 1992), American film director
* Isaac Hagins (born 1954), American football player
* Josh Hagins (born 1994), American basketball player
* Montrose Hagins (1924–2012), American actress and schoolteacher
# Hale A. VanderCook

Hale Ascher VanderCook (3 September 1864 – 16 October 1949) was a composer, conductor, and cornetist best known for his marches and brass solos. He was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan and began composing at the age of sixteen. He was performing in bands by the age of 14, and became conductor of the J.H. LaPearl Circus Band in 1891. He conducted circus and theater bands for much of the 1890s. VanderCook composed over 70 marches as well as numerous series for solo brass instruments. Among his most famous marches are American Stride, Olevine, Pacific Fleet, Pageant of Columbia and S.S. Theodore Roosevelt. He published his Course in Band and Orchestra Directing in 1916. VanderCook studied cornet with Frank Holton and A.F. Weldon. He founded VanderCook College of Music (originally called VanderCook Cornet School) in 1909. VanderCook composed scores of student-level solo works for the cornet and other brass instruments, often grouped into topical sets such as the Trumpet Stars (Arcturus, Orion, Vega, etc.), birds (The Warbler, The Starling, The Meadowlark, etc.) and flowers (Columbine, Peony, Chrysanthemum, etc.). Many of the solos were included in the curriculum of his mail order cornet course, and he wrote detailed pedagogical narratives that accompany each work. Many of his cornet solos are still in print, and extensive archival material by VanderCook can be found at the Ruppel Library at VanderCook College of Music in Chicago. VanderCook also published his Method for Cornet in 20 Lessons in 1922. VanderCook died in Allegan, Michigan on October 16, 1949. Three volumes of the Heritage of the March series are dedicated to his work.
# Abbimatta

Abbimatta is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Somvarpet taluk of Kodagu district.
# Abbihal, Muddebihal

Abbihal (Muddebihal) is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Muddebihal taluk of Bijapur district in Karnataka.
# Ctenitis

Ctenitis is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

## Selected species

The genus has a large number of species. The PPG I classification suggested that there were about 125 species; as of February 2020, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed 143.
* Ctenitis squamigera (Brack.) Copel.
* Ctenitis pallatangana (Hook.) Ching
# Ctenium

Ctenium is a genus of African and American plants in the grass family.

## Species

* Ctenium aromaticum (Walter) Alph.Wood - United States from Texas to New Jersey
* Ctenium bahiense Longhi-Wagner - Bahia
* Ctenium brachystachyum (Nees) Kunth - Brazil, Paraguay
* Ctenium brevispicatum J.G.Sm. - Brazil
* Ctenium canescens Benth. West Africa
* Ctenium chapadense (Trin.) Döll - Brazil
* Ctenium cirrhosum (Nees) Kunth - Brazil, Suriname
* Ctenium concinnum Nees - Africa incl Madagascar
* Ctenium concissum Swallen - Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia
* Ctenium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) C.E.O. Jensen - United States, Canada
* Ctenium elegans Kunth - Africa
* Ctenium floridanum (Hitchc.) Hitchc. - Georgia, Florida
* Ctenium ledermannii Pilg. - central Africa
* Ctenium longiglume Kupicha ex Longhi-Wagner & Cope - Burundi, Zaïre, Zambia
* Ctenium newtonii Hack. - Africa
* Ctenium planifolium (J.Presl) Kunth - central + southern Mexico
* Ctenium plumosum (Hitchc.) Swallen - western Mexico
* Ctenium polystachyum Balansa - Brazil, Paraguay
* Ctenium sesquiflorum Clayton - Guinea, Liberia
* Ctenium villosum Berhaut - West Africa

## formerly included

see Dactyloctenium Enteropogon Tetrapogon
* Ctenium digitatum - Enteropogon dolichostachyus
* Ctenium indicum - Tetrapogon tenellus
* Ctenium nukaviense - Dactyloctenium aegyptium
* Ctenium rupestre - Enteropogon rupestris
* Ctenium sechellense - Enteropogon sechellensis
# Ctenistini

Ctenistini is a tribe of ant-loving beetles in the family Staphylinidae. There are at least four genera and about six described species in Ctenistini.

## Genera

These four genera belong to the tribe Ctenistini:
* Atinus Horn, 1868$^{icgb}$
* Biotus Casey, 1887$^{icgb}$
* Ctenisis Raffray, 1890$^{icgb}$
* Ctenisodes Raffray, 1897$^{icgb}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Cubs

Cubs may refer to:
* The young of certain large predatory animals such as bears and big cats; analogous to a domestic puppy or kitten
* Chicago Cubs, a baseball team of the National League of Major League Baseball (United States)
* Iowa Cubs, a minor league baseball team of the International League
* South Bend Cubs, a minor league baseball team of the Midwest League
* Daytona Cubs, the former name of the Daytona Tortugas, a minor league baseball team of the Florida State League
* Arizona Complex League Cubs, a minor league baseball team of the Arizona League
* Cub Scouts, a junior age group of the Scouting movement

## Acronyms

* Chinese University Basketball Super League (CUBS), former Chinese basketball league
* Coventry University Business School in the United Kingdom
# Crotalus adamanteus atrox

Crotalus adamanteus atrox (a taxonomic synonym) may refer to:
* Crotalus atrox, a.k.a. the western diamondback rattlesnake, a venomous pitviper species found in the United States and Mexico
* Crotalus ruber, a.k.a. the red diamond rattlesnake, a venomous pitviper species found in southwestern California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico
# Crotalus aquilus

Crotalus aquilus, known as the Querétaro dusky rattlesnake or Queretaran dusky rattlesnake, is a pit viper species found in the highlands of central Mexico. Like all other pit vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized. The specific name, aquilus, is Latin for "eagle" and refers to the high altitude at which this species is found.

## Description

This species grows to a maximum reported total length of 67.8 cm (26.7 in), but most adult specimens, which have been described as heavy-bodied, are less than 50 cm (20 in) long.

## Geographic range

They are found in the highlands of central Mexico in Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, and San Luis Potosí. The type locality given is "near Alvarez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico".

## Habitat

These snakes are found in the open grassy and generally rocky habitats north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. They also occur in pine-oak forest, open karstic areas, grassy mountain meadows, and stony mesquite-grassland.

## Conservation status

This species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2001). Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was down when assessed in 2007.
# Poverty Hill, California

Poverty Hill is an unincorporated community in Sierra County, California, in the United States.
# Prafulla Chandra College

Prafulla Chandra College is an undergraduate college in South Kolkata, India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.

## About college

It is the evening section of South City College, which is officially known as Prafulla Chandra College. It is not to be confused with another college named on the same person the great Bengali academic, scientist and entrepreneur Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy, called Prafulla Chandra College, and is affiliated with the University of Calcutta. Located in a very fashionable part of South Kolkata, easily accessible by frequently available railway services and other modes of public transport system from all parts of the city as well as suburbs, it is currently a government-aided co-educational evening college with huge infrastructural facilities.
# Abdul Raheem Glailati

Abdul Raheem Glailati ('Abd al-Rahman Qalilat) was a renowned Sudanese poet, author and newspaper editor. He edited the newspaper Al-Ra'id (The Pioneer) between 1914 and 1917, when he was deported to Egypt after publishing an article describing the low standards of living of the Sudanese people.
# Cryosuction

Cryosuction is the concept of negative pressure in freezing liquids so that more liquid is sucked into the freezing zone. In soil, the transformation of liquid water to ice in the soil pores causes water to migrate through soil pores to the freezing zone through capillary action.

## History of discovery

In 1930, Stephen Taber demonstrated that liquid water migrates towards the freeze line within soil. He showed that other liquids, such as benzene, which contracts when it freezes, also produce frost heave.
Fine-grained soils such as clays and silts enable greater negative pressures than more coarse-grained soils due to the smaller pore size. In periglacial environments, this mechanism is highly significant and it is the predominant process in ice lens formation in permafrost areas.
As of 2001, several models for ice-lens formation by cryosuction existed, among others the hydrodynamic model and the Premelting model, many of them based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relation with various assumptions, yielding cryosuction potentials of 11 to 12 atm per degree Celsius below zero depending on pore size.
In 2023, experiments from the ETH Zurich were published, in which the process could be observed between glass slides in a confocal microscope. In single-crystal experiments the rate of ice growth was slow, but with polycrystalline ice there were many more channels to suck in water to grow ice. How solutes in the water influence cryosuction is still unexplored.
# Hallunda metro station

Hallunda metro station is a station on the red line of the Stockholm metro, located in Hallunda, Botkyrka Municipality. The station was opened on 12 January 1975 as part of the extension from Fittja to Norsborg. The distance to Slussen is 20.1 km (12.5 mi).
# Hallux varus

Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus, or underlying causes such as arthritides.
In places where modern shoes whose toe boxes are excessively narrow have not been worn, normal feet can be mistaken for hallux varus.
The "sandal gap" is a phenomenon in which, due to the lack of a restrictive toe box in sandals, the toes can actuate unrestricted, so one may end up with any number of aligned and misaligned toes depending on how often one uses either sandals or narrow toe box shoes at any given time throughout one's life.

## Photos

* Radiography of the left foot of a young male showing progressive hallux varus
# Crystal Kingdom Dizzy

Crystal Kingdom Dizzy is an adventure video game featuring the character Dizzy released in December 1992 by Codemasters. The Oliver Twins – who were heavily involved in the design and programming of previous Dizzy games – had less involvement with this one.
The game was the last title in the core Dizzy series until the release of Wonderful Dizzy in 2020.
At £9.99, this was the first full-price Dizzy game released for home computers; previous games had been released at budget prices (£2-3). This elicited some criticism, as despite the much higher tag, the game was no bigger or more complex than its much lower-priced predecessors.
The Spectrum version of the game knocked Rainbow Islands from the top of the UK sales chart, and prevented Street Fighter II from being number one. This version was voted number 70 in the Your Sinclair Readers Top 100 Games of All Time.
The Commodore 64 and Amstrad CPC versions were the only core games in the series to be entirely coded for those platforms as opposed to porting over the graphic designs from the Spectrum versions as previously.
# Cryphia paulina

Cryphia paulina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in eastern Arabia, Israel, Jordan and the Sinai in Egypt.
Adults are on wing from April to May. There is probably one generation per year.
The larvae probably feed on lichen.
# Cryphia rectilinea

Cryphia rectilinea is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Balkans, Italy, Turkey, Lebanon and Israel.

## Life cycle

Adults have a flight period from May to September. There is one generation per year.
The larvae probably feed on lichen.
# Cult Fiction

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AbsolutePunk | (8.2/10) |
| Metal Review | (8.3/10) |
| Blistering.com | |
| Allmusic | |
| The Metal Minute | |
| Scene Point Blank | (5.8/10) |
| Lords of Metal | |
| Maelstrom | |
| Hardrock Haven | (6.3/10) |
| To Many Voices | |
Cult Fiction is the third studio album by Virginia-based metalcore band Spitfire. It is the follow-up to the band's 2006 album Self-Help. The title of the album seems to be a reference to a previous work by Jon Spencer's first band, Scarlet, titled "Cult Classic".

## Writing and recording

Spitfire had this to say about the writing process: "We are writing what is turning out to be the darkest, heaviest, and most diverse record any of us have ever written. Our approach to this record is to saturate it with more emotion than we ever have put into our music before."

## Release and distribution

Cult Fiction was released in the US on April 29, 2008 by hardcore indie label Goodfellow Records. The album was released in both digital download and digipak CD format.

## Reception

The album has been generally well received by critics. Joshua of Maelstrom lauded the visceral nature of the album, claiming "Cult Fiction rips all sorts of new orifices in the most uncomfortably delicious of ways". Complimenting the track Apnea 1 (Segue 1) Sasha Horn of Metal Review states "If I had three minutes and thirteen seconds left until the end of the world by tsunami, I'd take my ghetto-blaster with me to the end of a pier, turn this up on ten, close my eyes, and let the waves separate me". The album artwork and packaging has also received considerable attention: "the performances, songs, and even the CD’s packaging-about Cult Fiction indicates it’s a first-class effort" states Zak Brown of Blistering.com, noting "The album’s artwork is truly part of the listening experience...".

## Legacy

Was born. Started cult. Fulfilled prophecy. Died with dignity.

## Personnel

* Matt Beck - guitar
* Chris Raines - drums
* Jon Spencer - vocals
* Dan Tulloh - guitar
# Prasophyllum exile

Prasophyllum exile is a species of orchid endemic to a relatively small area of eastern Australia. It has a single tubular, green leaf and up to ten scented, green or purplish-brown and white flowers with a white labellum. It is similar to P. brevilabre and was formerly treated as a slender form of that species with fewer, more well-spaced flowers.

## Description

Prasophyllum exile is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped, almost thread-like leaf up to 60–120 mm (2–5 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with a purplish base. Between two and ten flowers are well-spaced along a flowering spike up to 200 mm (8 in) tall. The flowers are greenish or purplish-brown and white and, as with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal is linear to egg-shaped, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, about 1 mm (0.04 in) wide and joined for most of their length. The petals are linear to oblong, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and slightly wavy near their ends. The labellum is white and oblong, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide. It is turned back on itself so that its tip almost touches its base, and its edges are wavy. There is a linear to egg-shaped, shiny greenish callus in the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from June to early September.

## Taxonomy and naming

This orchid was first formally described in 1991 by David Jones and Robert Bates from a specimen collected near Torbanlea and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The specific epithet (exilis) is a Latin word meaning "thin, slender, meager or weak" referring to the habit of this species. It had previously been treated as a slender form of P. brevilabre.
The genus name (Prasophyllum) is derived from Ancient Greek words which have neuter case, requiring the specific epithet to be neutral. The correct name should therefore be Prasophyllum exile.

## Distribution and habitat

Prasophyllum exile grows in damp, grassy places in coastal and near-coastal forest and woodland. It occurs from Cudgen in far north-eastern New South Wales north to south-eastern Queensland.
# Cryptomeigenia theutis

Cryptomeigenia theutis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Current Problems in Surgery

Current Problems in Surgery is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal of surgery published by Elsevier. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.815.
# Beltisloe

Beltisloe is a Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln in England, and a former Wapentake.
The Wapentake of Beltisloe was established as an ancient administrative division of the English county of Lincolnshire before the Norman Conquest of 1066. In England a wapentake was the division of a shire for administrative, military and judicial purposes under the common law. The term wapentake is of Scandinavian origin and meant the taking of weapons; it later signified the clash of arms by which the people assembled in a local court expressed assent. Danish influence was strong in those English counties where wapentakes existed.
The Wapentake of Beltisloe was bounded on the north by Winnibriggs and Threo Wapentake; on the east by Aveland Wapentake; on the south by Ness Wapentake and Rutland and on the west by Grantham soke and Leicestershire. This wapentake contained a number of now abandoned settlements, and in the 19th century contained the market town of Corby Glen and the villages of Basingthorpe, Bitchfield, Burton Coggles, Castle Bytham, Little Bytham, Careby, Creeton, Edenham, Gunby, Irnham, Lavington, Skillington, Stainby, Swayfield, Swinstead, Witham on the Hill, North Witham and South Witham.