OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Presidents (TV series)

The Presidents is a 2005 American documentary television series about the history of each President of the United States of America, narrated by Edward Herrmann.
The show documents each of the Presidents in the union, starting with George Washington, following a chronological order to George W. Bush. Each President's segment begins with the narrator giving a brief dossier about each one, from their political affiliation, family, and notable traits. The show then highlights the history behind each presidency, linking each one to the following.

## Episodes

It has been released onto DVD twice. First on May 31, 2005 and subsequently again on April 17, 2012 with an updated version.
| Episode | Presidents | Years |
| 1 | Washington to Monroe | 1789-1825 |
| 2 | J. Q. Adams to Polk | 1825-1849 |
| 3 | Taylor to Lincoln | 1849-1865 |
| 4 | A. Johnson to Arthur | 1865-1885 |
| 5 | Cleveland to Taft | 1885-1913 |
| 6 | Wilson to F. Roosevelt | 1913-1945 |
| 7 | Truman to Ford | 1945-1977 |
| 8 | Carter to Bush | 1977-2008 |

## Awards and nominations

The documentary ended up as a finalist in two categories (Biography/Profiles and Writing) at the New York Festivals.
# Percy Reddick

Percy George Reddick (9 November 1896 – 17 March 1978) was Archdeacon of Bristol from 1950 to 1967.
Reddick served with the King's Royal Rifles during World War I. He was at Oxford University from 1919 to 1923: three years at St Edmund Hall and one at Wycliffe Hall. After curacies in Southfields and Sydenham he held incumbencies, Herne Hill and Downend. He was Bristol Diocesan Secretary from 1943 until his Archdeacon’s appointment.
# Allium cyrilli

Allium cyrilli is a plant species native to Greece, Turkey, and to the Apulia region of southeastern Italy.
Allium cyrilli has one egg-shaped bulb wide, fleshy leaves that are U-shaped in cross section. Umbel consists of a large number of flowers crowded together, all with long fleshy pedicels. Scape is robust, up to 100 cm tall. Tepals are pale lavender with prominent green midstripes. These surround a large and conspicuous deep purple ovary with 3 lobes.
# Paungda Danda

Paungda Danda is a Himalayan mountain located in Manang District, Western Region, Nepal. The mountain is not significantly prominent, and is a subsidiary peak to the southeast of Pisang Peak. Paungda Danda is notable for its western rock face that rises dramatically 1,700 m (5,600 ft) above the Marshyangdi River. The mountain's smooth western face, also known as the Great Wall of Pisang, is composed of slate rock and formed as a result of an ancient lakebed being uplifted during the creation of the Himalayas. Today, the mountain is a recognizable feature along the Annapurna Circuit, a popular trekking route.
The Paungda Danda is locally referred to as Swarga Dwar. Swarga meaning Heaven, Dwar meaning Gate. The local people believe that the spirits of the deceased must ascend the wall after leaving their bodies to reach the heavens. There is an absolute taboo on climbing to the top of this cliff.
# Hexanone

Hexanone may refer to the following ketones containing six carbon atoms:
* 2-Hexanone (Methyl butyl ketone, MBK)
** 4-Methyl-2-pentanone (Methyl isobutyl ketone, MIBK)
** 3-Methyl-2-pentanone (Methyl sec-butyl ketone)
** 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone (Methyl tert-butyl ketone, Pinacolone)
* 3-Hexanone (Ethyl propyl ketone)
** 2-Methyl-3-pentanone (Ethyl isopropyl ketone)
# Alan Rake

Alan Rake (born 1933) is an English journalist and writer about Africa.

## Life

Alan Rake was educated at Oxford University, where he studied Philosophy, politics and economics. He was invited by Jim Bailey, also educated at Oxford, to work for Drum magazine. In the late 1950s he opened a Nairobi office for the magazine, working as its East African editor. In the early 1960s he briefly worked for Drum in South Africa, and as General Manager of Drum in West Africa, before continuing to work for East African Drum as a London-based editor.
In 1968 he was briefly editor of the newsletter Africa Confidential.
In 1969 he started editing the monthly London-based African Development magazine, later renamed New African. He remained there as editor until his retirement in 1999.

## Works

* (with John Dickie) Who's who in Africa; the political, military and business leaders of Africa. London: African Buyer and Trader, 1973.
* Who's Who in Africa: leaders for the 1990s. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.
* 100 Great Africans. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.
# Nyctimystes traunae

Nyctimystes traunae is a species of tree frog in the subfamily Pelodryadinae, endemic to Papua New Guinea. It lives on mountains in the centre of the island in the Western Highlands Province. Scientists have seen it about 800 meters above sea level.

## Original description

* Menzies, James I. (2014). "Notes on Nyctimystes (Anura: Hylidae), tree frogs of New Guinea, with descriptions of four new species". Alytes (Abstract). 30: 42–68. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
# Thomas Hodgson

Thomas Hodgson may refer to:
* Tom Hodgson (1924–2006), Canadian sprint canoer and artist
* Thomas Hodgson (priest) (1854–1921), priest of the Church of England
* Thomas M. Hodgson, American law enforcement agent and politician
* Thomas Vere Hodgson (1864–1926), British polar explorer and marine biologist
* Thomas E. Hodgson, English musician and ethnomusicologist
# Albert Abramovitz

Albert Abramovitz (1879–1963) was an American woodcut artist and painter. His work is in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
# Axe Valley Academy

Axe Valley Academy, previously known as The Axe Valley Community College, is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Axminster, Devon in the South West of England. The school was awarded specialist Business and Enterprise College status in September 2004, and has provided Post 16 education since the opening of a sixth form in September 2001. The sixth form is no longer in operation as of 2017.
# Nucleoside-specific porin

Nucleoside-specific porin (the tsx gene of Escherichia coli) is an outer membrane protein, Tsx, which constitutes the receptor for colicin K and Bacteriophage T6, and functions as a substrate-specific channel for nucleosides and deoxy-nucleosides. The protein contains 294 amino acids, the first 22 of which are characteristic of a bacterial signal sequence peptide. Tsx shows no significant similarities to general bacterial porins.
# Thomas Monroe

Thomas Monroe may refer to:
* Thomas Bell Monroe (1791–1865), American federal judge
* Thomas Monroe (American football), American football player
* Thomas Monroe (writer) (1902–1960), American screenwriter
# Alastair Smith

Alastair Gibson Smith (1948 – 20 November 2019) was a New Zealand academic in the field of library and information science. He retired in 2014 after spending most of his career at Victoria University of Wellington.

## Biography

Smith obtained a BSc in physics from the University of Auckland, a Diploma in Teaching from Christchurch Teachers' College, a diploma from the New Zealand Library School and an MA from Victoria University of Wellington. He worked at the National Library of New Zealand, BRANZ and Victoria University of Wellington, where he rose to Senior Lecturer. He was appointed the inaugural general secretary of the Bicycle Association of New Zealand in 1979. He was diagnosed with multiple myeloma, a type of cancer, in 2001.
Smith died in Wellington Hospital on 20 November 2019.

## Publications
### Academic

Smith served on the editorial boards of Cybermetrics, the Journal of Web Librarianship, and Information Science Research and authored the following significant publications (greater than 100 citations according to Google Scholar):
* Smith, Alastair G. (1997) Testing the Surf: Criteria for Evaluating Internet Information Resources. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 8, no. 3 http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v8/n3/smit8n3.html
* Smith, Alastair G. (1999) A tale of two web spaces: comparing sites using web impact factors. Journal of Documentation 55 (5):577-592
* Smith, Alastair G. (2001). Applying evaluation criteria to New Zealand government websites. International Journal of Information Management 21(2): 137–149.
* Smith, Alastair; Thelwall, Mike (2002) Web Impact Factors for Australasian Universities. Scientometrics 54(1/2): 363–380.
* Elgort, I., Smith, A. G., & Toland, J. (2008). Is wiki an effective platform for group course work? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(2), 195–210. https://web.archive.org/web/20140416051146/http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet24/ajet24.html

### Non-academic

* Everyday Cycling in New Zealand Awa Press 2012. ISBN 9781877551017
# Alastair Simms

Alastair David Simms is one of the last remaining master coopers in England.

## Early life

Simms grew up in the town of Masham in Yorkshire. He attended Masham CofE Primary School from 1968 to 1974 and Bedale High School from 1974 to 1979.

## Training

Simms began his apprenticeship in 1979, training at Theakston Brewery in Masham. He became a journeyman cooper in 1983. He attained the rank of master in 1994 when his apprentice completed his training, which is the requirement for mastery.

## Career

After leaving Theakston Brewery in 1995 he worked for eighteen years at Wadworth Brewery. In 2013 he set up his own business, the White Rose Cooperage Ltd, in Yorkshire.
Simms was involved in the 2015 film In the Heart of the Sea, providing barrels and other items, creating a cooperage on the set and being filmed working with other craftsmen. In August 2018 he took the position of Head Cooper at Yorkshire Cooperage. In October 2020 he took the position of Master Cooper for Jensen's Cooperage Ltd in Ripon.
Simms has appeared as an expert on the BBC television series The Repair Shop.
# Albert Fletcher (footballer, born 1898)

Albert William Fletcher, sometimes known as Bert Fletcher, was an English professional footballer who played as a half back in the Football League for Brentford and West Ham United.

## Career
### West Ham United

Fletcher began his career with West Ham United and made his professional debut towards the end of the 1922–23 season, a successful campaign in which the Hammers won promotion to the First Division. Fletcher had a run in the team in September 1923, but managed just seven appearances during the whole of the 1923–24 season, scoring once. He was confined to the reserve team thereafter and departed Upton Park at the end of the 1926–27 season.

### Brentford

Fletcher dropped down to the Third Division South to sign for Brentford in 1927. He was a regular pick at wing half and centre half during the 1927–28 season and made 33 appearances and scored one goal in his solitary season at Griffin Park.

### Norwich City

After his departure from Brentford, Fletcher joined Third Division South club Norwich City on a trial basis, but he did not make a league appearance for the Canaries.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| West Ham United | 1922–23 | Second Division | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| West Ham United | 1923–24 | First Division | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| West Ham United | Total | Total | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 |
| Brentford | 1927–28 | Third Division South | 33 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 1 |
# Thomas D. Green

Thomas Daniel Green (December 21, 1857 near Brantford, Ontario – November 29, 1935 in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta) was an early Canadian amateur ice hockey player, ice hockey executive, engineer and surveyor. He was a Mohawk, possibly the first Mohawk accredited land surveyor in Canada. Because of his Mohawk status, he faced discrimination seeking full-time work with the Government of Canada.

## Biography

Born the youngest of six children to Daniel Green & Mary (Crawford) Green in Alford, Ontario, outside of the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation lands, He attended the Mohawk Institute in Brantford, His success at the Indian Residential School led Robert Ashton, the Superintendent, to recommend, after two years at the school, that he write the entrance exam for Brantford High School. In 1875, Thomas obtained the highest grade of all the forty-one applicants from the public schools in Brant County.
He tutored other students to raise money to attend McGill College in Montreal, Quebec, graduating with a B.Sc. in 1880. He is first noted playing hockey for the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival Tournament winners McGill, where he was studying engineering. After completing his studies in Montreal, he moved to Ottawa, Ontario seeking work with the Canadian federal government. He succeeded only in receiving temporary work with the Dominion Land Survey, his hiring to a permanent position blocked by A. M. Burgess, the deputy minister of the Interior, although he was recommended by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald.
In Ottawa, he joined the Ottawa Hockey Club in time to play in their first competitive season of 1883–84. In 1886, he became the first president of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, considered the first organized ice hockey league.
Green eventually left Ottawa and became a land surveyor in Ontario. He moved west and surveyed mines in the Yukon, town sites in Alberta and rail lines in Western Canada.
| Preceded byFrank Jenkins | Ottawa Senators captain (Original Era) 1886–87 | Succeeded byFrank Jenkins |
# Albertina Ramírez

María Albertina Prudencia Ramírez Martínez, SMCR, also known as Madre Albertina (28 April 1898 – 20 July 1979), was a Nicaraguan Catholic mystic and religious leader who founded the Missionary Servants of Christ the King, the Madre Albertina Sisters, and the Servants of Jesus Christ, King of the Universe.

## Biography

María Albertina Prudencia was born on 28 April 1898, the penultimate of the children of Leonor Martínez Solórzano and Alberto Cristóbal Ramírez Briones. She was baptized on 9 May 1898 in the Old Cathedral of Managua and her Confirmation in 1904 at the Cathedral of León and, finally, First Communion in the same parish as her baptism on 4 December 1910.
To this end, Prudencia founded the Nazareth House for disadvantaged girls in 1935 (closed in 1943) and the Association of Missionary Servants of Christ the King in 1943, which would receive Papal approval in 1946. In 1952, the Unión de Mujeres Americanas recognized Prudencia's work and dubbed her a "Prominent Woman of Nicaragua" for her social work.
Mother Prudencia died on 20 July 1979 in Granada, Nicaragua. Twenty years after her death, on 17 October 2001, the Diocese of Granada began the process of canonization for Mother Prudencia and on 19 November it was approved with the nihil obstat.
# Albertus L. Meyers

Albertus L. Meyers (1890 – May 15, 1979) was an American music conductor and cornet player from Allentown, Pennsylvania. He was the bandmaster of the Allentown Band for fifty years, from 1926 to 1976. He was also a friend and exponent of John Philip Sousa.

## Career

At Carnegie Hall in 1969, he conducted the Marching 97 in Camino Real, Introduction and Pasodoble for Band composed by Lehigh University professor Jonathan Elkus. He had played cornet on the opening day celebration of the bridge in 1913. The Allentown Band continues to pay tribute to his memory with concerts honoring him.

## Legacy

In 1974, the Eighth Street Bridge in Allentown, Pennsylvania was renamed the Albertus L. Meyers Bridge in Meyers' honor.

## Discography

* The Allentown Band salutes the great German march writers.
* The Allentown Band plays marches for Bert's 85th birthday.
# Avalon (Julian Lage and Chris Eldridge album)

Avalon is an album by guitarists Julian Lage and Chris Eldridge, released in 2014. The album was produced and engineered by Kenneth Pattengale of The Milk Carton Kids and mastered by Dan Millice. It was recorded at the Avalon theatre in Easton, Maryland. On the album Lage plays a 000-18 Martin Guitar from 1939, and Eldridge plays a Martin D-18 from 1937. Lage and Eldridge have described the album as a “love letter to the acoustic guitar.”
This is the first full-length album that Lage and Eldridge have released together, but they previously put out an EP entitled "Close to Picture" which consisted of original compositions. Avalon has both covers and original songs, and includes instrumentals as well as tracks with vocals by Eldridge. Lage is considered to be a jazz guitarist while Eldridge comes from a bluegrass background, but the album spans a variety of genres.

## Reception

Guitar World said "Avalon is an unfiltered document of the pair’s live set, a mix of originals and covers that illustrate the breadth of the American songbook as Lage and Eldridge perceive it, incorporating bluegrass, country, gospel, old-time music and jazz. There was no playback, no overdubs, just the duo’s eloquent, in-the-moment musical repartee".
Pitchfork called it "a sophisticated guitar LP that doesn’t sound sophisticated, an effort that folds its intense erudition deep beneath its lovely surface".

## Track listing

* "Stone Cross" (Julian Lage) – 3:33
* "Mean Mother Blues" (John Starling) – 3:44
* "Keep Me from Blowing Away" (Paul Craft) – 3:52
* "Whiskey Before Breakfast" (Traditional) – 3:42
* "Open up the Window, Noah" (Traditional) – 3:01
* "Wilson's Waltz" (Lage) – 9:04
* "Someone to Watch over Me" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 4:18
* "Ginseng Sullivan" (Norman Blake) – 3:33
* "Steady Proof" (Lage) – 2:59
* "Any Old Time" (Jimmie Rodgers) – 3:42
* "Butter and Eggs" (Margaret Glaspy) – 3:24

## Personnel

* Chris Eldridge – guitar, vocals
* Julian Lage – guitar
* Kenneth Pattengale – engineering, production
* Dan Millice – mastering
# Thomas Point Shoal Light

The Thomas Point Shoal Light, also known as Thomas Point Shoal Light Station, is a historic lighthouse in the Chesapeake Bay on the east coast of the United States, and the most recognized lighthouse in Maryland. It is the only screw-pile lighthouse in the bay which stands at its original site. The current structure is a 1½ story hexagonal wooden cottage, equipped with a foghorn as well as the light.

## History

A stone lighthouse was constructed in 1825 on shore at Thomas Point by John Donahoo, Thomas Point Light. It was replaced in 1838 by another stone tower. The point was subject to continuing erosion (which would eventually bring down the lighthouse on the point in 1894), and in 1873 Congress appropriated $20,000 for the construction of a screw-pile structure out in the bay, Thomas Point Shoal Light . With an additional $15,000 appropriation in 1875, the light was built and activated in November of that year. It took 30 workers to set each cast iron beam 12 ft (3.7 m) into the Chesapeake Bay's bottom.
Ice was a perpetual threat to screw-pile lights on the Chesapeake, and in 1877 the original lens was destroyed when it toppled by shaking from ice floes. This lens was replaced, and the additional piles and riprap were placed around the foundation in order to protect it. By 1964 it was the last manned light in the Chesapeake Bay, and it was not automated until 1986. It is currently the last unaltered screwpile cottage-type lighthouse on its original foundation in the Chesapeake Bay.

## Preservation

Concerns for its preservation brought it a National Register of Historic Places listing in 1975 and National Historic Landmark status in 1999.
In 2004, ownership of the lighthouse passed to the city of Annapolis, Maryland, which now maintains the structure in conjunction with Anne Arundel County, Maryland, the Annapolis Maritime Museum, and the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society. In 2019, a Lighthouse Society spokesman said that the steel substructure, last replaced in the 1980s, is severely rusted and requires $300,000 in repairs. Fortunately, the cast iron screw pilings remain in sound condition, "as good today as they were 144 years ago", said the Baltimore Sun in reporting on the needed funding in August 2019.
The United States Coast Guard continues to maintain the navigational aids at the Lighthouse. The lighthouse keeper's former living quarters are open to the public three months out of the year, through boat tours departing from Annapolis, organized by the U.S. Lighthouse Society. Tickets are purchased on their web site.
# BBC Radio 5

BBC Radio 5 may refer to:
* BBC Radio 5 (former), a BBC Radio network from 1990 to 1994
* BBC Radio 5 Live, a BBC Radio network since 1994
* BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra (until 2022 BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra), a BBC digital radio service
# Albert Isen

Albert Isen was the first directly-elected mayor of Torrance, California.

## Early life and education

Isen moved to Torrance with his family in 1913, the eldest son of Jack Isen, a city founder. He went on to graduate from Torrance High School in 1924 and the University of Southern California Law School, being admitted to the State Bar of California in 1930.

## Career

In 1933, Isen opened his own law office in Torrance. Isen petitioned the city council to become the city police judge in 1934 instead of city attorney Charles T. Rippy; Isen had gathered 437 signatures and volunteered to till the position without pay. In 1935, Isen led a group who circulated petitions calling for the recall of Mayor Scott Ludlow and three city councilmen.
He was elected to the Torrance City Council in 1954. The Council appointed him mayor in 1955. A special election held prior to 1958 changed the structure of the government; the size of the Council was increased to seven members and the office of the mayor became directly elected. Isen announced his candidacy for the mayoral race in February 1958. He was subsequently re-elected in 1962 and 1966, but lost to Ken Miller in 1970, who had promised to restrict mayors to two terms. In 1963, developer Don Wilson, who was building the new Southwood Riviera Royale tract in Torrance, was sued by the California attorney general for violating the Unruh Civil Rights Act by refusing to sell homes to African-American families in Dominguez Hills; at the June 25, 1963 city council meeting, Isen was famously quoted as saying "if Torrance has any Negroes, it has so few that I don't know whom I could appoint [to an interracial committee]." From 1955 to 1970, the population of Torrance grew by 100,000 while Isen was mayor.

## Personal life

Isen was married and had one child, Lorna. He died from a brain tumor on August 17, 1987, aged 79.

## Legacy

Isen is credited with establishing the annual Armed Forces Day Parade, opening a branch of the Los Angeles County Superior Court, and attracting the Del Amo Fashion Center to Torrance. The city's transit center, built in 1986, is named for Isen.
# Aviat

Aviat Aircraft Inc. is an American manufacturer of sport and utility aircraft based in Afton, Wyoming.

## History

The company was founded in 1991 based on the history of the Call Aircraft Company and the product lines of the Pitts and Christen companies. In 1995, the company was purchased by Stuart Horn and renamed Aviat Aircraft Incorporated.
In 1999, Aviat purchased the rights to the Globe Swift with the intent on bringing the example back into production. A lawsuit between LoPresti's use of the design for the LoPresti Fury delayed entry of both aircraft from the market.
The company also produces the Aviat 150 and Aviat 152. These are overhauled, rebuilt and painted Cessna 150 and Cessna 152s.

## Aircraft

| Model name | Type |
| Aviat Special | Single engine aerobatic biplane |
| Aviat Eagle II | Single engine aerobatic biplane |
| Aviat Husky | Single engine cabin monoplane |
| Aviat 152 | Single engine cabin monoplane |