OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pappajohn v R

Pappajohn v R, [1980] 2 S.C.R. 120 is a famous Supreme Court of Canada decision on the criminal defence of mistake of fact.

## Background

George Pappajohn put his house up for sale through a real-estate company. He met with a female real-estate agent from the company at a bar. They had lunch together, including drinks, over the course of approximately three hours, after which the two went to Pappajohn's house where they engaged in sexual intercourse.
The agent claimed that she was raped. However, Pappajohn claims that short of a few coy objections she had consented. After the event the woman was seen running out of the house naked, wearing a bow-tie, with her hands bound, and was in great distress.
During the trial the issue arose of whether the defence of mistake of fact should be put to the jury. Namely, whether Pappajohn should be able to claim that he mistakenly believed that she had consented. The trial judge refused to allow the defence and Pappajohn was convicted.

## Opinion of the Court

The majority opinion was written by Justice McIntyre. He first discussed the question of when a defence should be put to a jury. He held that a defence should be used when there is "some evidence which would convey a sense of reality in the submission." On the facts, he found that there was no evidence, other than the statement of the accused, that if believed, would have allowed for the possibility of consent. Accordingly, the lower court ruling was upheld.
Justice Dickson took a different approach to the defence of mistake of fact. He stated that the defence was derived from the mens rea requirement, which is a subjective standard, and consequently the mistaken belief did not need to be reasonable.

## Aftermath

The federal government later amended the criminal offence to require that the jury should "consider the presence or absence of reasonable grounds for that belief." Sec 265(4). http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-46/page-6.html#anchorbo-ga:l_VIII-gb:s_264_1
The Supreme Court itself clarified the law in the case of R. v. Sansregret (generally indexed as Sansregret v. The Queen, [1985] 1 S.C.R. 570), where it excluded the defense of mistake of fact where the defendant is found to be "wilfully blind" http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/1985/1985scr1-570/1985scr1-570.htm.
# Generation Wild

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Generation Wild is the third studio album by Swedish glam metal band Crashdïet. The album was released on 14 April 2010. It is the first album to feature the band's new vocalist Simon Cruz since the departure of their previous singer H. Olliver Twisted. The album debuted at #3 on the Swedish Album Chart. The title track, Generation Wild, was released as the first single on 28 February 2010. The video was banned from MTV due to obscene images. The original record features 11 songs but five bonus track were also recorded and released on different editions of the album.
On 7 June 2011, Generation Wild was released in the United States through Frontiers Records.
Scottish musician Johnny Gunn (singer of Peep Show), previously considered a potential new vocalist, contributed to several of the album's songs.

## Bonus

* "Sick Mind" [Japan edition]
* "One of a Kind" [Generation Wild Single] (Sweet, London, Gunn)
* "Fear Control" [Generation Wild Single] (Young, Sweet, Gunn)
* "Caught In Despair" [Free download before release of album]
* "Hollywood Teaze" [Vinyl Edition] (Sweet)

## Singles

* "Generation Wild"
* "Chemical"

## Personnel

* Simon Cruz – vocals
* Martin Sweet – guitar
* Peter London – bass
* Eric Young – drums
# George Bryan (actor)

George Bryan (fl. 1586 – 1613) was an actor in English Renaissance theatre, a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men with William Shakespeare and Richard Burbage.
Bryan enters the historical record as one of a quintet of English actors who toured Denmark and Saxony in the years 1586 and 1587. He was in the Admiral's Men/Lord Strange's Men production of The Seven Deadly Sins, c. 1591, with Augustine Phillips and William Sly and other future Lord Chamberlain's Men. Bryan may also have toured with the same group of actors under Edward Alleyn in 1593. He is generally believed to have been one of the original members and sharers in the Lord Chamberlain's Men when that company was re-constituted in 1594; he certainly was a key member in 1596, when he and John Heminges received payment for a performance at Court. After that point, however, he apparently left the theatrical profession, seemingly around 1597. In 1603 and in the 1611–13 period, he was recorded as a Groom of the Chamber under James I.
# Tack's Beach

47°34′40″N 54°12′44″W﻿ / ﻿47.57778°N 54.21222°W﻿ / 47.57778; -54.21222
Tack's Beach was a small community located on King Island in Placentia Bay. The population was 252 in 1921. The population had declined to 140 by 1966 due to a decline in fish stocks and the community was depopulated in 1967.
# George Horne Russell

George Horne Russell (or G. Horne Russell by which he was known) RCA (April 18, 1861 – June 25, 1933) was a Scottish-born Canadian painter.

## Career

Born in Banff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, he studied at the Aberdeen School of Art and the South Kensington School of Art. He came to Canada in 1889 on invitation, settling in Montreal where he established a studio and painted portraits of many noted and well-to-do Canadians. By 1900 he was painting large scenes of the Rockies for the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was a close friend of Sir William Van Horne. It was probably Van Horne along with other wealthy Montrealers who vacationed annually at St. Andrews, N.B., who persuaded Russell to locate a summer home and studio there.
In 1926 in Montreal he held his first solo show at the Watson Art Gallery. He was considered a major maritime painter. His work is included in the following collections: National Gallery of Canada; the Glenbow-Alberta Institute; the Art Gallery of Ontario, and in many other public and private collections, including the Canadian Club, New York. From 1922 to 1926, he was the president of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.
# Leigh Township, Morrison County, Minnesota

Leigh Township is a township in Morrison County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 192 at the 2000 census.
Leigh Township was organized in 1908, and named for Joseph P. Leigh, an early settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 36.0 square miles (93 km$^2$) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km$^2$) (0.22%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 192 people, 70 households, and 51 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.3 inhabitants per square mile (2.0/km$^2$). There were 91 housing units at an average density of 2.5 per square mile (0.97/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 93.75% White, 5.21% Native American, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.
There were 70 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the township the population was spread out, with 29.2% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $26,563, and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $12,572. About 11.1% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 76.9% of those 65 or over.
# Hugh Wakefield

Hugh Wakefield (10 November 1888 – 5 December 1971) was an English film actor, who played supporting roles. He was often seen wearing a monocle.
Hugh Claude Wakefield was born in Wanstead, Essex. He also had a distinguished stage career, which began at the age of 11. City of Song (1931) was his first film. After completing 1954's The Million Pound Note, Wakefield retired from film acting. He died 5 December 1971 in London aged 83.

## Stage

Wakefield appeared in the original London productions of Between Friends (1930), Take a Chance (1931), Tea for Two (1938), Off the Record (1947), Top Secret (1949), Dead Secret (1952) and The Remarkable Mr. Pennypacker (1955) .

## Personal life

Hugh Wakefield served with the RAF during World War II, along with his Blithe Spirit co-star Rex Harrison. He was also an avid sportsman, particularly enjoying golf and tennis. His daughter, Margaret Diana (1933-2015), married the aristocratic jockey Gay Kindersley.

## Selected filmography

* City of Song (1931) - Hon. Roddy Fielding
* The Sport of Kings (1931) - Algernon Sprigg
* The Man They Couldn't Arrest (1931) - John Dain
* Life Goes On (1932) - Ridgeway Emsworth
* Aren't We All? (1932) - Lord Grenham
* The Crime at Blossoms (1933) - Chris Merryman
* King of the Ritz (1933) - King of Blitz
* The Fortunate Fool (1933) - Jim Falconer
* The Luck of a Sailor (1934) - King Karl
* Lady in Danger (1934) - King
* The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934) - Clive
* My Heart is Calling (1935) - Armand Arvelle
* 18 Minutes (1935) - Lord Pilcott
* No Monkey Business (1935) - Prof. Barrington
* Marry the Girl (1935) - Hugh Delafield
* The Improper Duchess (1936) - King of Poldavia
* The Crimson Circle (1936) - Derek Yale
* Forget Me Not (1936) - Mr. Jackson
* The Interrupted Honeymoon (1936) - Uncle John
* Dreams Come True (1936) - Albert von Waldenau
* The Limping Man (1936) - Col. Paget
* It's You I Want (1936) - Otto Gilbert
* The Street Singer (1937) - Hugh Newman
* Death Croons the Blues (1937) - Jim Martin
* The Live Wire (1937) - Grantham
* Runaway Ladies (1938) - Lord Ramsden
* Make It Three (1938) - Percy Higgin
* This England (1941) - Vicar
* Blithe Spirit (1945) - Dr. George Bradman
* Journey Together (1945) - Acting Lieutenant
* One Night With You (1948) - Santell
* No Highway in the Sky (1951) - Sir David Moon, Airline President (uncredited)
* Love's a Luxury (1952) - Charles Pentwick
* The Million Pound Note (1954) - Duke of Cromarty
# Biomass Thermal Energy Council

The Biomass Thermal Energy Council (BTEC) is a nonprofit organization in the United States focused on advancing the use of biomass for heat and other thermal energy applications.
BTEC is an association of biomass fuel producers, appliance manufacturers and distributors, supply chain companies and non-profit organizations.
The organization promotes biomass thermal energy as a renewable, responsible, clean and energy-efficient pathway to meeting America's energy needs. BTEC engages in research, education, and public advocacy for the biomass thermal energy industry.
BTEC was awarded two grants from the US Forest Service's Wood Education and Outreach Center to educate the public and stakeholder on the opportunities of biomass thermal energy in 2010 and 2011. Since 2011, BTEC has also conducted work to establish an efficiency standard for biomass thermal equipment, which was identified as one of the major obstacles to the growth of the renewable heating market by architects and engineers.
BTEC is engaged in regional activities, such as the Northeast Biomass Thermal Working Group and Heating the Midwest. Since 2012, BTEC manages the Northeast Biomass Heating Expo, a conference for the renewable heating industry in the Northeast.
# Borden System

The Borden System is an archaeological numbering system used throughout Canada and by the Canadian Museum System to track archaeological sites and the artefacts that come from them. Canada is one of a few countries that use a national system to identify archaeological sites.
It was created by Charles Edward Borden in 1952 at the University of British Columbia.

## How it Works

The system divides Canada into a grid of blocks based on latitude and longitude. There are two divisions: major and minor blocks.
AaBb-11:1234
A is the Major South-North Locator - Each block represents 2 degrees of Latitude from south to north (A - U)
a is the Minor South-North Locator - Each block represents 10 minutes of Latitude from south to north (a - l)
B is the Major East-West Locator - Each block represents 4 degrees of Longitude from east to west (A - W)
(north of 62 degrees each major block represents 8 degrees of longitude)
b is the Minor East-West Locator - Each block represents 10 minutes of Longitude from east to west (a - x)
(north of 62 degrees each minor block represents 20 minutes of longitude)
Therefore, a full designation: AaBb-16 represents a roughly 16 km x 16 km area and the 16th site found within that area.
Since the number that follows is the number of the site within an area, assigned when the site is discovered, the whole number really only narrows the area to approximately a 16 km square. But it allows archaeologists to designate a site and to label every artefact from the site.
The number after the colon is the artefact number: e.g., AaBb-16:0123
Because the distance between lines of longitude get smaller with increasing latitude, the Borden System changes at 64 degrees north latitude, from a width of 4 degrees of longitude to a width of 8 degrees in order to keep the area within each designate roughly the same.

## Use

In Alberta, there are 3,438 minor and 17 major blocks. Of the minor blocks, 44 percent do not have any sites recorded.
Block EgPN covers the west site of Calgary and has 766 sites-the most sites in a block in the country (This is old data - check with local authorities for up to date numbers).
Borden numbers have only been applied to archaeological sites that have been encountered and recorded, and are subject to survey and testing bias, as well as the rates of development in some areas. The actual number of cultural sites is much higher.
# Bombing of Sarajevo in World War II

The bombing of Sarajevo in the Second World War occurred first in April 1941 then it was followed by a series of Allied bombings between November 1943 until the end of 1944. Between 1943 and 1944, a total of 1,013 tons of bombs were dropped in Sarajevo. More than 170 American and more than 150 British bombers participated during these missions.

## Timeline

* April 6-7, 1941 - First bombing of Sarajevo. Airport damaged. Part of the Axis bombing campaign in Yugoslavia.
* April 12-13, 1941 - Second bombing of Sarajevo. Courthouse, post office and many other locations damaged. 90 lives lost.
* November 14-29, 1943 - First Allied bombing mission in Sarajevo, occurred first on November 14, and then on November 25. Last mission on November 29. Bombing was carried out by 12th American Air Force. 173 lives lost in the first two bombings while 105 people died in the third bombing.
* June 27, 1944 - Two American planes drop five tons of bombs on the airport.
* July 28, 1944 - Military command was bombed.
* September 8, 1944 - 69 bomber planes with a total of 184 tons of bombs attacked two railway hubs.
* November 7, 1944 - Ali-pasha bridge was bombed.
* November 18, 1944 - 10th Allied bombing of Sarajevo.
* November 21, 1944 - 12th Allied bombing of Sarajevo.
* December 3, 1944 - 13th Allied bombing of Sarajevo.
* December 19, 1944 - Last known Allied bombing of Sarajevo. North part of Koševo, Hrasno and Ali-pasha bridge were damaged.
# Antidepressant treatment tachyphylaxis

Antidepressant treatment tachyphylaxis (ADT tachyphylaxis), also known as Prozac poop-out, is a medical condition in which progressive or acute tolerance effects are seen following chronic administration of a drug. It occurs more often with Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants.

## Characteristics

Patients affected by ADT tachyphylaxis experience a noticeably sudden progressive decrease in response to SSRIs. The reported rates of this condition vary from 9% to 33% of SSRI users, and the majority of those affected are responsive to subsequent treatments. In most observational studies, these individuals suffer a recurrence or relapse of depression without changing the previously effective dose.
ADT tachyphylaxis incorporates drug sensitivity as a potential causal factor for the decreased response. However, tolerance provides a more accurate explanation. While the exact cause of ADT tachyphylaxis in individual cases is unknown, drug tolerance is a more comprehensive model, as it includes mechanisms of pharmacodynamic tolerance, metabolic tolerance, and others.

### Common examples

ADT tachyphylaxis specifically occurs in patients experiencing depression who are using SSRIs and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). Currently, SSRIs are the preferred treatment for depression among clinicians, as MAOIs, despite being very effective, require a few dietary restrictions and some caution when taking with other medications due to the potential for interactions capable of inducing dangerous side effects.

## Treatment

Following a declination or total extinction in response to a previously therapeutic dose of an antidepressant, the issue is clinically addressed as stemming from tolerance development. Several strategies are available, such as exploring drug options from a different drug class used to treat depression. The patient can also choose to switch to another SSRI (or MAOI, if applicable) while maintaining proportionate dose. If tolerance develops in a drug from the same class, the clinician may recommend a regular cycle consisting of all effective treatments within the SSRI or MAOI classes, in order to minimize transitional side effects while maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
Other options include increasing dose of the same medication, or supplementation with another antidepressant. Dual reuptake inhibitors, such as serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and some tricyclic antidepressants, have been preliminarily found to have lower rates of tachyphylaxis.
# Panorpa speciosa

Panorpa speciosa is a species of common scorpionfly in the family Panorpidae. It is found in North America.
# Trans-European Railway

The Trans-European Railway (abbreviated "TER") is a project of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe of sub-regional cooperation among Central, Eastern and South Eastern European countries regarding transport infrastructure . The Trans-European Motorways (abbreviated "TEM") is the twin project for the motorways.
The TER project was established in 1990. There are 17 member countries: Armenia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey. In addition, a number of observer countries participate in certain activities of the project: Belarus, Latvia, Moldova, Montenegro, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine Azerbaijani membership is pending, awaiting signature for accession.
In 2018 the development focus has turned towards high-speed railway lines. A master plan study has been already published.
There is a coordinated master plan for the TEM and the TER.

## Citations

* 1 2 TER About.
* ↑ TER High-Speed.
* ↑ UNECE Master.
# Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2000 Summer Olympics

Bosnia and Herzegovina competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.

## Athletics
### Track and Road Events

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Đuro Kodžo | Marathon | 2:39:14 | 78 |
| Željko Petrović | Marathon | 2:38:29 | 76 |

### Field Events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Elvir Krehmić | High jump | 2.24 | =14 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

### Track and Road Events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Dijana Kojić | 400 m | 55.61 | 7 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Judo
### Women

| Athlete | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Repechage 1 | Repechage 2 | Repechage 3 | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Arijana Jaha | Women's 52 kg | Devi (IND) L | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Shooting
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Nedžad Fazlija | Men's 10 m air rifle | 591 | 8 Q | 692.7 | 6 |
| Nedžad Fazlija | Men's 50 m rifle prone | 590 | 34 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Nedžad Fazlija | Men's 50 m rifle 3 positions | 1132 | 41 | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Zoran Novaković | Men's Trap | 109 | =23 | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Janko Gojković | Men's 100 m butterfly | 55.55 NR | =39 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
| Željko Panić | Men's 100 m freestyle | 52.40 | 49 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Pantelimon I. Sinadino

Pantelimon I. Sinadino was a Bessarabian politician of Greek descent. He served as mayor of Chișinău in 1837–1839 and 1840–1842, being preceded and succeeded by Dimitrie Lovcinski. Sinadino was the grandfather of Pantelimon V. Sinadino, who also was mayor of Chișinău between 1903 and 1904, 1905–1907 and 1909–1910.
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 233

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 233 (P. Oxy. 233 or P. Oxy. II 233) is a fragment of Demosthenes' speech Against Timocrates, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the third century. Currently it is housed in the museum of the University of Pennsylvania (E 2757) in Philadelphia.

## Description

The document was written by an unknown copyist. It contains the text of Against Timocrates (sections 145, 146, 150) by Demosthenes. The measurements of the fragment are 108 by 93 mm. The text is written in a small uncial hand. Palaeographically it resembles Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 232. There are a few corrections in a second hand, which also probably inserted all the stops but one.
It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.
# Pydoc

Pydoc is the standard documentation module for the programming language Python. Similar to the functionality of Perldoc within Perl and Javadoc within Java, Pydoc allows Python programmers to access Python's documentation help files, generate text and HTML pages with documentation specifics, and find the appropriate module for a particular job.
Pydoc can be accessed from a module-specific GUI, from within the Python interpreter, or from a command line shell.
Developed by Ka-Ping Yee, it is included by default in all versions of Python since Python 2.1 and is available for download for 1.5.2, 1.6, and 2.0.
Pydoc is used to extract documentation from the source code itself. More comprehensive documentation is generated from external reStructuredText documents using the Sphinx documentation system.