OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alice Bennett

(Mary) Alice Bennett (January 31, 1851 – 1925) was a US physician and the first woman to obtain a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. In addition, Bennett was the first female superintendent in the women's section at the state hospital for the insane in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and the first woman president of the Montgomery Country Medical Society. With other clinicians, she was a co-founder of the National Conference of Charities and Correction.

## Early life and education

Bennett spent her first years in her hometown of Wrentham, Massachusetts with her parents, Lydia Hayden and Isaac Francis Bennett and her five older siblings. After her graduation, Bennett taught for four years in local school districts around Wrentham. In 1872, she attended the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Once obtaining her MD in 1876, Bennett worked in a dispensary in the Philadelphia slums. After leaving her work she was appointed as demonstrator of anatomy in the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania. She continued her studies and in 1880 became the first woman to obtain a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. As she finished up her Ph.D., Hiram Corson assisted in her appointment to medical superintendent of the Department for Women at the Pennsylvania State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown.

## Work and accomplishments

Alice Bennett was elected as the first female president of the Montgomery County Medical Society in Pennsylvania. During her lifetime she was a member of many societies including the American Medical Association, the Philadelphia Neurological Society and the Medical Jurisprudence Society, as well as one of the contributors to the Spring Garden Unitarian Church of Philadelphia.
Bennett worked as the medical superintendent of the Department for Women at the Pennsylvania State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown from 1880 to 1896. During her time there, she became an advocate for the humane treatment of patients. She condemned the use of restraints on mental and insane patients, arguing that they were ineffective and resulted in anger. Bennett eliminated these practices in her own institution, resulting in other institutions doing the same. As a replacement, the innovative doctor introduced occupational therapy such as, handicrafts, music and art. Her research articles and papers on the nature and characteristics of mental illness won her professional recognition in her field.
Bennett left the state hospital in 1896, moving back to her hometown of Wrentham and maintaining a private practice. In 1910 she discovered Emily Blackwell's New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children. She volunteered at the infirmary as the head of the outpatient department of obstetrics for fifteen years.

## Death

Bennett was never married. She died of angina pectoris at the New York infirmary in 1925 and was buried in Wrentham, Massachusetts.
# Omoglymmius quadruplex

Omoglymmius quadruplex is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by R.T. & J.R. Bell in 1982.
# Omoglymmius rugosus

Omoglymmius rugosus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by Grouvelle in 1903.
# Alireza Mirshafian

Alireza Mirshafian (born 8 March 1978) is an Iranian football midfielder who played for Paykan in the Iran Pro League.

## Club career

Mirshafian joined Tractor Sazi F.C. in 2008.
| Club performance | Club performance | Club performance | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Total | Total |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Iran | Iran | Iran | League | League | Hazfi Cup | Hazfi Cup | Asia | Asia | Total | Total |
| 2007–08 | Esteghlal Ahvaz | Persian Gulf Cup | 1 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2008–09 | Tractor Sazi | Azadegan | | 1 | | | - | - | | |
| 2009–10 | Tractor Sazi | Persian Gulf Cup | 30 | 0 | | | - | - | | |
| 2010–11 | Saba | Persian Gulf Cup | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | 7 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | Pas Hamedan | Azadegan League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Iran | Iran | | 1 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | | 1 | | | 0 | 0 | | |
* Assist Goals
| Season | Team | Assists |
| 09–10 | Tractor Sazi | 1 |
| 10–11 | Saba | 0 |
# Timothy of Alexandria

Timothy of Alexandria may refer to:
* Timothy I of Alexandria, patriarch of Alexandria from 381 to 384
* Timothy II of Alexandria, patriarch of Alexandria from 457 to 477
* Timothy Salophakiolos, patriarch of Alexandria from 460 to 475 and from 477 to 481; not recognized by the Coptic Church
* Timothy IV of Alexandria, known within the Coptic Church as Timothy III, patriarch of Alexandria from 517 to 535
# Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Railway

The Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Railway was a 9 miles (14 km) long light railway connecting Timoleague station and Courtmacsherry station. It was the last roadside railway operating in Ireland.

## History

The railway was incorporated in October 1888 and opened on 21 April 1891. It was originally considered to be built as a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge track but then executed as a standard gauge light railway, partly running along a road. There were two companies, the Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Light Railway and the Ballinascarthy and Timoleague Junction Light Railway which were both worked by the Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Extension Light Railway. It became a constituent of Great Southern Railways in 1925. It was originally operated by two locomotives, both from the Leeds works of the Hunslet Engine Company, named Slaney and St. Molaga. These two were joined in 1894 by a third locomotive, again from Hunslet, with the name Argadeen.
Passenger services were withdrawn on 24 February 1947 due to the coal shortages. Thereafter it operated only for summer excursions and the winter beet harvest. Summer passenger excursions operated every Sunday from Cork Albert Quay railway station and they were well supported from the small stations on route. The pace at which the trains rounded the sharp curves of the roadside track contributed to the atmosphere for which these excursions were renowned. The entire West Cork Railway terminated without warning in the autumn of 1960.

## Gallery

* Courtmacsherry train with 2-6-0T locomotive Argadeen entering Timoleague Station in the 1910s
* Causeway of the Timoleague and Courtmacsherry Light Railway
# Alikoirah

Alikoirah as a place name may refer to:
* Alikoirah (Alif Alif Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
* Alikoirah (Alif Dhaal Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
# Bandbox Plot

The Bandbox Plot of 4 November 1712, was an attempt on the life of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, the British Lord Treasurer, which was foiled by the perspicacity of Jonathan Swift (author of Gulliver's Travels), who happened to be visiting the Earl of Oxford.
A bandbox was a lightweight hat-box; this particular one had been configured to fire a number of loaded and cocked pistols on opening, much as a modern-day parcel bomb might be arranged to detonate on opening. In this case, the triggers were attached to a thread; Swift, perceiving the thread, seized the package and cut the thread thus disarming the device. The attack was laid at the door of the Whig party and threw enormous popular sympathy behind Harley.
The event was widely written about in the broadsheets of the time; Swift himself wrote about the occurrence in his A Journal to Stella.
# Aljezur (parish)

Aljezur is a parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Aljezur in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 3,365, in an area of 166.76 km².
The area consists of Vale da Telha, Arrifana, Espartal, Vales, and Picao de Baixo
Archaeological sites confirm man's presence in the area since prehistoric times, most notably for a period around 4,000 BC and during the Bronze Age. The name Aljezur comes from Aljuzur, the Arabic meaning of Islands. Overlooking the town is a ruin of a Moorish fortress. A visit on the hill and learning about the function and history of this historic monument can be combined with a visit to one of the local museums.
# Aljezur International School

Aljezur International School is located a short distance from the town of Aljezur in the western Algarve, Portugal. The school provides secondary education, taught in the English language, to children from 10 – 17 years of age following the Cambridge International syllabus and leading to Cambridge International IGCSE qualifications in a broad range of subjects. Aljezur International School is an accredited Cambridge International Examinations Centre and, as the only open exam centre in the western Algarve, accommodates both internal and external students for IGCSE examinations.
Aljezur International officially opened as the area's first International school in September 2010.
The school houses several classrooms, library, art room, dining room and kitchen, and has access to laboratory facilities, sporting complex and multi-sport gymnasium.
The school serves the municipalities of Aljezur, Lagos, and Vila do Bispo.
# Olle Widestrand

John Olof "Olle" Widestrand (9 July 1932 – 25 March 2018), was a Swedish parish-musician, teacher and composer. He is represented in Den svenska psalmboken 1986 with two works (number 61 and 90) and several other hymnals with one hymn. He has written several children's songs and published songbooks and educational materials for schools. He lived in the town of Jönköping until his death.

## Hymns

* Blott i det öppna (1986 number 90), lyrics by Britt G. Hallqvist set to music 1974 by Olle Widestrand and re-written by himself 1980
* Det är advent (also known as "Ett litet barn av Davids hus) in several hymnals
* Lågorna är många (1986 number 61), set to music in 1974, lyrics by Anders Frostenson.
# Timothy Wesley Townsend

Timothy Westley Townsend (April 11, 1844 – July 1, 1912) was an American photographer.
He established one of the earliest photography studios in Iowa and produced the stereoview series "Gems of Clear Lake" and "Views of Iowa City and Vicinity".

## Early life and family

Townsend was born in Fredericks Grove, Knox County, Ohio. The son of James Townsend and Susanna (Rogers) Townsend, he married Anna Emaline Coover, daughter of Isaac and Anna Wilhelmina Coover at Muscatine, Iowa on January 4, 1866. They had two children, Alva Coover Townsend and Charles Fremont Townsend, both would follow their father into the photography business. Timothy's brother, Israel Lewis Townsend, and his nephew James Arthur Townsend were also photographers. Israel having a studio at Iowa Falls, Iowa and James having a studio at Hastings, Nebraska. Israel produced the stereoview series Iowa Falls and Vicinity.

## Photography career

In 1866, T. W. Townsend moved to Iowa City, Johnson county, Iowa and established a Townsend's Photography Studio above Whetstone's Drug Store. In 1888, T. W. Townsend moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and opened a new Studio there at 226 South Eleventh Street. In 1894, T. W. Townsend was awarded a diploma for meritorious work at the exposition of the National Photographers Association in St Louis. In 1895, T. W. Townsend was elected President of the Nebraska State Photographer's Association. In 1898, T. W. Townsend moved to Pasadena, California and bought the Westerfelt Photography Studio, which was the largest studio in Los Angeles. He left his Lincoln, Nebraska studio to be run by his son, Alva Coover Townsend. In 1899, T. W. Townsend bought the P. D. Wert's Photography Studio in Iowa City, Iowa. He left his Los Angeles, California studio to be run by his son, Charles Fremont Townsend. In 1903, Mr. Townsend's son, Alva, was elected president of the Nebraska State Photographer's Association. In 1904, Charles Fremont Townsend sold the Los Angeles, California studio and moved to Des Moines, Iowa where he opened a photography studio at 613 Walnut Street. By 1905, Charles Fremont Townsend was the president of the Photography Association of Iowa. In 1910, Charles Fremont Townsend was elected second vice-president of the National Photography Association. By 1911, he was the vice president. In 1913, Charles Fremont Townsend was elected President of the Photographers Association of America. In 1917, Alva Coover Townsend was elected President of the Missouri Valley Photographer's Association. In 1927, Alva Coover Townsend was elected President of the National Photographers Association. He was re-elected in 1928.
Timothy Wesley Townsend died on July 1, 1912.
# Cardamine bulbosa

Cardamine bulbosa, commonly called bulbous bittercress or spring cress, is a perennial plant in the mustard family. It is native to a widespread area of eastern North America, in both Canada and the United States. Its natural habitat is moist soils of bottomland forests and swamps, often in calcareous areas.
In late spring and early summer, white flowers are produced well above the foliage. Its leaves are edible, and have a peppery taste.
# Linotype (alloy)

Linotype or eutectic alloy is a broad name applied to five categories of lead alloys used in manufacture of type, especially for the Linotype machine, each with three to five sub-classifications.
One alloy is composed of lead with 4% tin and 12% antimony.
# EDI

EDI may refer to:

## Government

* European Deterrence Initiative, a US defense program for strengthening European defenses
* Federal Department of Home Affairs (German: Eidgenössisches Departement des Innern), the Swiss interior ministry

## Media

* Edi (film), a 2002 Polish film
* EDI (Mass Effect), a character in the original Mass Effect trilogy

## People

* Edi (given name)
* E.D.I. Mean (born 1974), American rapper
* Guy Edi (born 1988), Ivorian-French basketball player

## Technology

* Electronic data interchange, a data standard
* Enlightenment (software), an integrated development environment
* Electrodeionization, a water purification process

## Other uses

* Eating Disorder Inventory, a self-report questionnaire
* Edinburgh Airport (IATA code), in Scotland
* Edithvale railway station, Melbourne
* Equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI), also called diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), an organizational frameworks which seek to promote "the fair treatment and full participation of all people", particularly groups "who have historically been underrepresented or subject to discrimination" on the basis of identity or disability.
** Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, an academic journal on these topics
* Evans-Deakin Industries, a former Australian engineering company
* UCL Eastman Dental Institute, of the University College London
# BARREL

Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL, sometimes called Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses) was a NASA mission operated out of Dartmouth College that worked with the Van Allen Probes mission (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes, or RBSP, mission). The BARREL project launched a series of high-altitude balloons during four science campaigns: January–February 2013 in Antarctica, December 2013–February 2014 in Antarctica, August 2015 in Sweden, and August 2016 in Sweden. Unlike the football-field-sized balloons typically launched at the Poles, these were each just 27 meters (90 ft) in diameter.
The last balloon was launched August 30, 2016. During the BARREL program, a total of 45 balloon payloads were built, and eight test flights and 55 science flights were carried out.

## Scientific Objectives

BARREL helped study the Van Allen radiation belts and why they wax and wane over time. Each BARREL balloon carried instruments to measure particles ejected from the belts which make it down to Earth's atmosphere. By comparing such data to that of the Van Allen Probes, which orbit with the belts themselves, the two missions attempted to correlate observations in the radiation belts with the number of particles ejected. This was done to help distinguish between various theories as to what causes electron loss in the belts.

## Organization

The principal investigator was Robyn Millan at Dartmouth College. Co-investigator institutions were the University of Washington, U. C. Berkeley, and U. C. Santa Cruz. BARREL was part of NASA's Living With a Star program. Support for the Antarctica balloon campaigns was provided by the National Science Foundation, British Antarctic Survey, and the South African National Antarctic Programme.
# List of invasive plant species in South Africa

This is a list of invasive plant species in South Africa.

## Species

* Acacia baileyana
* Acacia cyclops
* Acacia dealbata
* Acacia implexa
* Acacia longifolia
* Acacia mearnsii
* Acacia pycnantha
* Acacia saligna
* Agave
* Agave americana
* Anredera cordifolia
* Araujia sericifera
* Argemone mexicana
* Caesalpinia decapetala
* Cardiospermum halicacabum
* Carduus nutans
* Castor oil plant
* Chromolaena odorata
* Commelina
* Commelina benghalensis
* Echium plantagineum
* Eichhornia crassipes
* Eucalyptus camaldulensis
* Eucalyptus globulus
* Hakea sericea
* Ipomoea
* Ipomoea alba
* Ipomoea indica
* Ipomoea purpurea
* Lantana camara
* Nephrolepis exaltata
* Nerium
* Opuntia
* Pereskia aculeata
* Pine
* Pinus halepensis
* Pinus patula
* Pinus pinaster
* Pittosporum undulatum
* Populus alba
* Salix × fragilis
* Salvinia molesta
* Sisal
* Solanum mauritianum
* Spartium
* Stone pine
* Tradescantia fluminensis
# Czech Republic–Iran relations

Czech Republic–Iran relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Iran.

## History

Czech–Iranian relations were established on April 30, 1929.
On April 15, 2024, when the unprovoked attack on Israel was carried out, he summoned the ambassador of Iran and told him that he had crossed all limits

## Trade and economy

As of 2014, Czech firms mainly exported machinery products, electrical goods, and other products to Iran while the bulk of imports from Iran consisted of fruit and vegetables. The Czech Republic and Iran cooperate in nuclear technology and in fields of energy, mining and commerce.

## Diplomatic missions

* Iran has an embassy in Prague.
* Czech Republic has an embassy in Tehran.
# Thomas Corcoran (footballer)

Thomas Corcoran (born 1909) was an English professional footballer who played as a right back.

## Career

Born in Earlestown, Corcoran played for Atherton, Bradford City and Rochdale. For Bradford City he made 3 appearances in the Football League.

## Sources

* Frost, Terry (1988). Bradford City A Complete Record 1903-1988. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-38-0.
# Tiananmen: The People Versus the Party

Tiananmen: The People Versus the Party is a PBS 2 hour Show Special about 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. It "uncovers the true story of the seven-week period that changed China forever".

## About the show

Student leaders & Main Narators :
| Name | Origin and affiliation |
| Shen Tong | Beijing; Peking University |
| Wu'erkaixi (Örkesh) | Xinjiang; Beijing Normal University |
| Wang Dan | Beijing; Peking University |
On June 4, 1989, a large and peaceful pro-democracy demonstration ended violently, leaving hundreds if not thousands dead, and laying the foundation for China's future.
The pro-democracy movement was "the world’s biggest, longest, and most famous pro-democracy demonstration".
Tiananmen: The People Versus the Party Tiananmen tells the gripping narrative of a period of just seven weeks in which the whole future of China today was founded, where at various turning points the final outcome could have avoided the massive bloodshed. These turning points unfold over two hours in a story told with the drama and pace of a political thriller.
# Caritas Colombia

Caritas Colombia (Spanish: Cáritas Colombiana, officially Pastoral Social Cáritas Colombiana) is a Colombian nonprofit organisation. It is the official aid organisation of the Catholic Church in Colombia.
The organisation is a member of the global Caritas Internationalis confederation and of Caritas Latin America and Caribbean.
Caritas Colombia is a network of different structures. The national secretariat is known as Secretariado Nacional de Pastoral Social (SNPS).

## Background

Since 1913, the Colombian Episcopal Conference has promoted social welfare work in the country. In 1956, during the civil war, the Bishops decided to establish Caritas Colombia as the coordinating body for Catholic social work. It was decided that this body was to report to the Social Pastoral and Charitable Commission of the Bishops' Conference.
During its first years of existence, Caritas' work focused on food distributions to people in need in parishes. In the 1960s, Caritas Colombia started creating special "food houses". In the backdrop of evolving political dynamics within the country, new challenges emerged; in rural areas, the ongoing clash between guerrilla groups and armed forces prompted the Church to take initiatives to support rural families, including helping them to increase their agricultural output.
On 4 August 1977, the National Secretariat of Social Pastoral (SNPS) was legally created to coordinate pastoral care activities and promote integral human development. Around that time, the organisation also began supporting those affected by natural disasters and displacement. Caritas Colombia was involved in the relief and reconstruction efforts for the victims of the Popayán earthquake and the victims of the 1985 Armero tragedy.
In 1982, Caritas Colombia launched its first fundraising campaign during Lent. In the 1990s, urban violence caused by drug trafficking became a major issue in the country, to which the organisation adapted by starting to implement peacebuilding projects and being involved in truth and reconciliation initiatives. At the same time, it continued to provide humanitarian aid to populations affected by natural disasters. In 1996, it co-founded the Working Group for Colombia (GTC) to strengthen the SNPS's work in peacebuilding and reconciliation. In 2000, it convened the first National Congress of Reconciliation.

## Structure and work

The organisation is structured into 10 regions grouping 13 archdioceses, 52 dioceses, 10 apostolic vicariates and one military ordinariate.
In 2023, Caritas Colombia implemented 62 projects in 51 geographical areas of ecclesiastical jurisdictions, with a total budget of almost 66 billion Colombian peso.
# Thor Halvorssen

Thor Halvorssen may refer to:
* Thor Halvorssen (businessman) (1943–2014), Venezuelan businessman, special commissioner for international narcotic affairs, with the rank of ambassador
* Thor Halvorssen (human rights activist) (born 1976), his son, film producer and founder of Human Rights Foundation