OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Parcopresis

Parcopresis, also termed psychogenic fecal retention or shy bowel, and known coloquially as poop shy, is the inability to defecate without a certain level of privacy. It can be either a difficulty or inability to defecate due to significant psychological distress, and is associated with avoidance in public and social situations. It is typically researched alongside and has comorbidity with paruresis, which is an inability or difficulty to urinate in the presence of others.
Parcopresis is not a medically recognized condition, although one case report in 2011 suggests it should be classified as a form of social phobia. As of 2019, little is known about parcopresis and it has unknown prevalence. One 2021 study with a sample size of 714 university students found that a gender-adjusted 14.4% of the study population avoided using public toilets for fears associated with parcopresis, with significantly higher prevalence among females. Cognitive behavioral therapy is speculated to provide the most benefit, but there is not yet research to support this claim.
# Bratmilovce

Bratmilovce is a suburban area in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the town has a population of 3531 people.
# Treasure Island (play)

Treasure Island is a play in four acts and ten scenes by Jules Eckert Goodman that is based on Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel of the same name. It was first published in 1915 by Samuel French, Inc., and was later included in the children's play anthology Another Treasury of Plays for Children (1926, Little, Brown and Company) which was edited by Montrose Jonas Moses. While not the first stage adaptation of Stevenson's novel, it was the first adaptation to achieve critical and commercial success; bringing both "fame and fortune" to its author.

## Production history

Treasure Island premiered in Albany, New York at Hermanus Bleecker Hall on November 8, 1915. The production moved to Broadway where it debuted at the Punch and Judy Theatre on December 1, 1915. A hit, the play continued to run at that theater until May 27, 1916. The play was produced by the owner of the Punch and Judy Theatre, Charles Hopkins, and co-directed by Hopkins and Edward Emery. Maurice Rumsey, the show's musical director, contributed some original music, but mainly adapted, arranged, and conducted pre-existing music by other other composers for the show such as Camille Saint-Saëns's Danse macabre. The costumes were designed by Ruth Vivian, and the wigs were designed by Coyle and Deutschmann.
The original cast of Treasure Island was led by Mrs. Charles Hopkins (1886-1960), the wife of the director and producer, who played the role of Jim Hawkins. Charles also appeared in the play in the role of Ben Gunn. The show's other director, Edward Emery, played the lead villain, the pirate Long John Silver. Other original cast members included Leonard Willey as Captain Alexander Smollett, David Glassford as Dr. Livesey, Edmund Gurney as Squire Trelawney, and Tim Murphy as Billy Bones among others.
After the Broadway production closed, the play was performed regionally in the United States in stock theatre. It later became a work used by junior high and high school drama programs in the United States after its publication in Another Treasury of Plays for Children in 1926. It was also very popular with amateur community theatre. It was revived at the New York Hippodrome in 1938 in a production directed by William Rathburn. The play was mounted at the Theatre Royal Stratford East in London in December 1950 through January 1951 with Michael Logan as Long John Silver and Anna Wing as Mrs. Hawkins.
# Parornix polygrammella

Parornix polygrammella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Fennoscandia, Estonia, northern Russia and France.
The larvae feed on Betula nana. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Parornix preciosella

Parornix preciosella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Québec, Canada, and Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Vermont in the United States.
The larvae feed on Vaccinium corymbosum and Prunus virginiana. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Hyperparameter (Bayesian statistics)

In Bayesian statistics, a hyperparameter is a parameter of a prior distribution; the term is used to distinguish them from parameters of the model for the underlying system under analysis.
For example, if one is using a beta distribution to model the distribution of the parameter p of a Bernoulli distribution, then:
* p is a parameter of the underlying system (Bernoulli distribution), and
* α and β are parameters of the prior distribution (beta distribution), hence hyperparameters.
One may take a single value for a given hyperparameter, or one can iterate and take a probability distribution on the hyperparameter itself, called a hyperprior.

## Purpose

One often uses a prior which comes from a parametric family of probability distributions – this is done partly for explicitness (so one can write down a distribution, and choose the form by varying the hyperparameter, rather than trying to produce an arbitrary function), and partly so that one can vary the hyperparameter, particularly in the method of conjugate priors, or for sensitivity analysis.

### Conjugate priors

When using a conjugate prior, the posterior distribution will be from the same family, but will have different hyperparameters, which reflect the added information from the data: in subjective terms, one's beliefs have been updated. For a general prior distribution, this is computationally very involved, and the posterior may have an unusual or hard to describe form, but with a conjugate prior, there is generally a simple formula relating the values of the hyperparameters of the posterior to those of the prior, and thus the computation of the posterior distribution is very easy.

### Sensitivity analysis

A key concern of users of Bayesian statistics, and criticism by critics, is the dependence of the posterior distribution on one's prior. Hyperparameters address this by allowing one to easily vary them and see how the posterior distribution (and various statistics of it, such as credible intervals) vary: one can see how sensitive one's conclusions are to one's prior assumptions, and the process is called sensitivity analysis.
Similarly, one may use a prior distribution with a range for a hyperparameter, thus defining a hyperprior, perhaps reflecting uncertainty in the correct prior to take, and reflect this in a range for final uncertainty.

## Hyperpriors

Instead of using a single value for a given hyperparameter, one can instead consider a probability distribution of the hyperparameter itself; this is called a "hyperprior." In principle, one may iterate this, calling parameters of a hyperprior "hyperhyperparameters," and so forth.
# Greetings! We're The Monitors

Greetings! We're The Monitors is the debut album by The Monitors, released in 1968.

## Recording and release

After recording several singles for Motown—including a charting cover of "Greetings (This Is Uncle Sam)" in 1966—and touring to support more successful artists, Berry Gordy recommended that the group get their own album and moved them from the V.I.P. Records subsidiary to Soul Records for the release. It is composed of material that the group recorded from the three-year span of 1965 to 1968. Richard Street, who would later replace Paul Williams in The Temptations, is the lead singer of this group. Shortly after the album was released, the Monitors disbanded and didn't get back together again until 1990, when the group released a reunion album entitled Grazing in the Grass.

## Reception

A brief review in Billboard recommended this release to retailers for having a "rugged and romantic array of soul numbers" and predicted chart success that did not materialize for them. Editors at AllMusic Guide scored this release 2.5 out of five stars, with critic Rick A. Bueche characterizing it as "a rather bland set", but praising Richard Street's vocals. The same outlet also reviewed the compilation 1999 The Elgins Meet The Monitors, which includes the entirety of this album as well as several Monitors b-sides, with reviewer Andrew Hamilton also noting Street's vocals, which provide a continuity in the group's varied singles output.

## Track listing

* "Bring Back the Love" (James Dean, Jack Alan Goga, Brian Holland, and William Weatherspoon) – 2:56
* "Share a Little Love with Me" (Curtis Colbert and Ivy Jo Hunter) – 2:26
* "Step by Step (Hand in Hand)" (Dean and Weatherspoon) – 2:52
* "The Further You Look, The Less You See" (William Robinson and Norman Whitfield) – 2:17
* "Since I Lost You Girl" (Johnny Bristol and Harvey Fuqua) – 2:32
* "Baby Make Your Own Sweet Music" (Sandy Linzer and Denny Randell) – 2:30
* "Greetings (This Is Uncle Sam)" (Robert Bateman, P. Bennet, Ronald Dunbar, Holland, Lawrence Horn, and The Valadiers) – 2:54
* "Time Is Passin' By" (Dean and Weatherspoon) – 2:43
* "Say You" (Robert Dobyne, Charles Jones, and Robert Staunton) – 2:30
* "Number One in Your Heart" (Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, Wilbur Jackson, and Clyde Wilson) – 2:50
* "Serve Yourself a Cup of Happiness" (Dean and Weatherspoon) – 2:19
* "You Share the Blame" (Robinson and Ronald White) – 2:47

## Personnel

The Monitors
* Sandra Fagin – vocals
* John "Maurice" Fagin – vocals
* Warren Harris – vocals
* Richard Street – lead vocals
Additional personnel
* The Andantes – backing vocals on "Say You"
** Marlene Barrow
** Louvain Demps
** Jackie Hicks
* Henry Cosby – production on "Greetings (This Is Uncle Sam)" and "Number One in Your Heart"
* Detroit Symphony Orchestra – instrumentation on "Say You"
* The Funk Brothers – instrumentation
* Reggie Goodwin – liner notes
* Robert Staunton – production on "Say You"
* Mickey Stevenson – production on "Greetings (This Is Uncle Sam)" and "Number One in Your Heart"
* Robert Walker – production on "Say You"
# Tomasa del Real

Valeria Cisternas (born 1 December 1986), better known by her stage name Tomasa Del Real, is a Chilean singer, composer, and reggaetón artist. She is regarded as a pioneer of Neoperreo, a social-media-inspired offshoot of reggaetón, and is referred to as "La Reina del Neoperreo", Spanish for "the queen of Neoperreo".

## Early life

Tomasa was born in Iquique, Chile on December 1, 1986 in an upper-class family. She studied design at Santiago, Chile. Kids at school used to tease her by calling her Tomasa, but she eventually took the name because it sounded androgynous. She said that she feels like "a man but very much a woman".

## Musical career

During her time working in Iquique as a tattoo artist, Tomasa's mother bought her a laptop. Valeria would record herself singing and rapping on the Photo Booth application and then upload those videos to Facebook and YouTube During this time, she would tour around the whole world giving tattoos to people and on these tours she would begin performing reggaetón at DIY parties. As her customers worldwide learned about her love for reggaetón they would invite her to record songs in their home studios.
In 2015, due to growing success and demand as a performer, Del Real closed her tattoo shop as she no longer had the time to keep it running.
Del Real released her first album Bien y Mal in March 2016. Many of her oldest songs were included in this album leading critics to note that, despite its DIY spirit, many songs have become some of the best examples for the genre. Del Real has subsequently released two other albums. One on May 18, 2018, titled Bellaca del Año via Nacional Records. and the other on May 31, 2019, titled TDR.
In 2021, she released the single titled La Puteria, in collaboration with the Chilean singer Lizz.
Tomasa is a self-described "reggaetón nerd" and researches the genre daily.

## Discography

Albums
* Bien y Mal (2016)
* Bellaca del Año (2018)
* TDR (2019)

## Singles

Bellaca del Año (2018)
# Afon Leri

Afon Leri (Welsh pronunciation:; also known as the River Leri) is a river in Ceredigion, Wales. It rises at Llyn Craig-y-Pistyll and is joined at Talybont by Afon Ceulan before passing behind Borth to its mouth in the Dyfi estuary at Ynyslas.
The river once flowed into Cardigan Bay at Aberleri, to the south of Ynyslas. In 1824 its route was diverted to provide a harbour for the local shipbuilding industry.
In June 2012 the Leri was affected by serious flooding causing property damage in Talybont, Dolybont and Borth following torrential rain in the area.
# Baluhawa

Baluhawa is a village development committee in the Kapilvastu District, of the Lumbini Zone, in Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 3774 people that were living in 600 individual households.
# Bruno Arpaia

Bruno Arpaia, born in Naples (Italy) in 1957, is an Italian writer and journalist.

## Life

After his degree in political sciences and a specialisation in American history at the University of Naples, he taught there and then became a journalist with the Italian newspaper Il Mattino of Naples, subsequently moving to Milan in 1989, where he worked for the daily La Repubblica.
In 1990 he published his first novel, I forestieri (The Foreigners), which won the Bagutta Prize the following year. Arpaia published another three novels, after leaving the newspaper La Repubblica in 1998, in order to dedicate himself solely to writing and freelance journalism.
L'Angelo della storia (Guanda, 2001) is his most successful novel, also being selected for the prestigious Campiello Prize in 2001. Translated into English in 2006 with the title The Angel of History by Minna Proctor, under the patronage of the Scottish Arts Council and the Italian Cultural Institute, it tells the partly fictional story of philosopher Walter Benjamin and a young Spanish militant in 1940. Arpaia's twofold narrative retraces Benjamin's flight across Europe and the Spaniard's youthful activism, as both men battle to assert their beliefs in the face of ultimate extinction.
Arpaia lives in Milan and currently alternates between translation, journalism and writing novels. He is also a publishing consultant for several Italian newspapers and publishing houses.
# Opie with Jim Norton

Opie with Jim Norton was an American radio show hosted by Gregg "Opie" Hughes and Jim Norton that aired from July 2014 to September 2016. The show was broadcast from New York City and aired weekdays from 7:00 a.m. through 11:00 a.m. on SiriusXM, the subscription-based satellite radio service, airing on Opie Radio, which could be found on XM Channel 103 and Sirius channel 206. The show was also made available on-demand through the SiriusXM app and Audible.com.

## History

On July 3, 2014, radio personality Anthony Cumia, and one half of the Opie and Anthony show on The Opie and Anthony Channel on SiriusXM, was fired after he posted a series of tweets following an alleged off-air incident with an African American woman on the street. Cumia claimed he was punched by the woman while attempting to take a picture in Times Square. SiriusXM issued a statement regarding the incident, saying Cumia's tweets were "racially-charged and hate-filled." Cumia refused to apologize for his actions, although he deleted the tweets after being fired.
After Cumia's firing, his radio partner, Gregg "Opie" Hughes, remained at SiriusXM to continue broadcasting with Opie and Anthony third mic, comedian Jim Norton. Cumia gave his blessing as the two were required to fulfill their contracts. Opie and Anthony was replaced by Opie with Jim Norton, which launched on July 14, 2014. The channel was renamed to SiriusXM Talk. In October 2014, Hughes and Norton signed a new contract with SiriusXM to continue the show, and the channel was renamed once more to Opie Radio.
The final broadcast of Opie with Jim Norton aired on September 22, 2016 to some question as to whether Hughes left on his own volition in order to work afternoons or was forced out of the morning slot as his and Norton's contracts were up for renegotiation. Among growing differences and tension between the two, Hughes moved to afternoons to host The Opie Radio Show, and Norton launched a new morning show, Jim Norton & Sam Roberts, co-hosted with former Opie and Anthony intern and producer Sam Roberts.
# Bellastraea aurea

Bellastraea aurea, common name the golden small star, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.

## Description

The height of the shell varies between 10 mm and 14 mm, its diameter between 12 mm and 19 mm. The small, solid, imperforate shell has a depressed-conic shape. Its color pattern is golden yellow or olive. The spire is low-conic and contains five whorls. These are scarcely convex above, and plicate at the sutures. The folds become fainter and frequently, bifurcating toward the periphery. The whorls are spirally lirate, the lirae below rather coarse, beaded, above finer, cutting the folds more or less into granules. The body whorl generally descends toward the aperture, and is compressed toward the periphery, which is subangular except in large specimens. The oblique aperture is rather small and is pearly white. The columellar callus is dilated over the umbilical region, and excavated there, and with an indistinct denticle near its base.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs in the shallow subtidal zone off South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia.
# Pseudopostega pumila

Pseudopostega pumila is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Walsingham, Lord Thomas de Grey, in 1914. It is known from Tabasco, Mexico.
The length of the forewings is about 3.2 mm. Adults have been recorded in March.
# Pseudopostega resimafurcata

Pseudopostega resimafurcata is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Donald R. Davis and Jonas R. Stonis, 2007. It is known from south-eastern Brazil.
The length of the forewings is about 4.1 mm. Adults have been recorded in October.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from the Latin resimus (meaning turned up, bent back) and furcatus (meaning forked) in reference to the dorsally curved, furcate apex of the male gnathos.
# Pseudopostega sacculata

Pseudopostega sacculata is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It known only from south-western Ecuador.
The length of the forewings is about 2.6 mm. Adults are on wing in January and June.
# He Is Charming

He Is Charming (French: Il est charmant) is a 1932 French musical comedy film directed by Louis Mercanton and starring Meg Lemonnier, Henri Garat and Louis Baron fils. It was one of a large number of operetta films made during the decade.
It was made at Joinville Studios by the French subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. A Swedish-language version Students in Paris was also released. The film's sets were designed by the art director René Renoux.

## Cast

* Meg Lemonnier as Jacqueline Cordier
* Henri Garat as Jacques Dombreval
* Louis Baron fils as M. Poitou
* Cassive as La présidente
* Marthe Derminy as Mme de la Tremblade
* Martine de Breteuil as Gaby
* Suzette O'Nil as La dactylo
* Dominique Bonnaud as Un Buste
* Jacques Ferny as Un Buste
* Vincent Hyspa as Un Buste
* Gaston Secrétan as Un Buste
* Paul Weil as Un Buste
* Rochelle Carley as La capitaine des girls
* Jean Mercanton as Le chasseur
* Bazin as Antoine
* Pierre Moreno as Ludovic de la Tremblade
* Jean Granier as Un boy
* Armand Dranem as Émile Barbarin
* Lucienne Claudy
* Christiane Delyne
* Andrée Dorns
* Madeleine Guitty
* Yvette Lebon
* Henri Niel
* Erik Ode
* Nicole Ray as Petit rôle
* Viviane Romance
* Madeleine Rosetzky
* Louisette Rousseau
* Pierre Sergeol
# Pughe

Pughe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hugh Pughe Lloyd (1894–1981), British Royal Air Force commander
* J. S. Pughe (1870–1909), Welsh-born American political cartoonist
* William Owen Pughe (1759–1835), Welsh antiquarian and grammarian
# Pughsville

Pughsville may refer to:
* Pughsville, Virginia
* Pughsville, Florida, an African American neighborhood that developed adjacent to Winter Haven
# He Zhaowu

He Zhaowu (Chinese: 何兆武; pinyin: Hé Zhàowǔ; September 14, 1921 – May 28, 2021) was a Chinese historian, translator, and professor at Tsinghua University. He was proficient in English, French and German.

## Biography

He was born in Beijing, on September 14, 1921, while his ancestral home was in Yueyang, Hunan. In 1939, he was accepted to the National Southwestern Associated University, where he graduated in 1943. From 1956 to 1986, he worked at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences as an assistant research fellow and then research fellow. In 1986, he joined the faculty of Tsinghua University. He was a guest professor at Columbia University and the University of Marburg. He died in Beijing, on May 28, 2021, aged 99.

## Works

* 中国思想发展史 [History of Chinese Thought Development] (in Chinese). Wuhan, Hubei: Hubei People's Publishing House. 2007. ISBN 9787216051354.
* 上学记 [Biography of Going to School] (in Chinese). Beijing: Joint Publishing. 2006. ISBN 9787108025104.

## Translations

* Bertrand Russell (1963). A History of Western Philosophy (in Chinese). Beijing: Commercial Press. ISBN 9787100004824.
* Jean-Jacques Rousseau (2003). The Social Contract (in Chinese). Beijing: Commercial Press. ISBN 9787100037259.
* Immanuel Kant (2014). Critical Essays on Historical Rationality (in Chinese). Tianjin: Tianjin People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787201086415.
* Edmund Burke (2010). Reflections on the Revolution in France (in Chinese). Beijing: Commercial Press. ISBN 9787100032490.
* Blaise Pascal (1985). Pensées (in Chinese). Beijing: Commercial Press. ISBN 9787100022842.

## Awards

* 2015 Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation
# He Zhen (artist)

He Zhen, also known as Zhou Cheng, Chang Qing, Xue Yu (1541 – 1606) was a Chinese artist during the Ming dynasty, who specialised in carving personal seals. Along with his teacher Wen Peng, he was one of the first seal-engravers to use soapstone as a medium for his work.
He Zhen was from Wuyuan County, but spent much of his time in Nanjing. He had a wide-ranging influence, and founded the Huizhou (Xingyuang) or Wan (Anhui) school of seal-carving.
He's work aspired to an antique, ancient appearance, and he was known to chip or otherwise artificially weather his seals to create the impression of age. He created this effect by exploiting natural fracture lines in the stone, or by emphasising the knife-marks made whilst incising the inscription. His calligraphy attempted to echo that of the Han dynasty, and he used the simplicity of that script to ameliorate the elaborate stylistic flourishes of the popular Yuan-style calligraphy that had previously been used for Ming-era seals.