OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hans-Martin Pawlowski

Hans-Martin Pawlowski (30 October 1931 – 14 March 2016) was a German researcher, lawyer and former professor for civil law at the University of Mannheim from 1966 to 1994. Moreover, he served as president at the University of Mannheim between 1969 and 1970.

## Education

Pawlowski studied from 1951 to 1959 law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the University of Freiburg and the University of Münster where he obtained his first and second Staatsexamen (comparable to an LL.B and an LL.M). He received his doctorate at the University of Göttingen in 1960 and habilitated in civil law in 1964 researching the Rechtsgeschäftliche Folgen nichtiger Willenserklärungen. Amts- und Parteinichtigkeit von Rechtsgeschäften - Zum Verhältnis von Privatautonomie und objektiven Recht (The law effects of void intentions).

## Academics

Pawlowski worked from 1966 to 1994 as chaired professor at the University of Mannheim where he was researching issues related to civil and civil process law. In 1969, he became rector (president) of the university and remained in this position until 1970. He was succeeded by Gerhard Zeitel in his role as rector. From 1973 to 1990, he was member of the Mannheim School of Social Sciences and between 1987 and 1994 member of theresearch position for societal development (Forschungsstelle für gesellschaftliche Entwicklung (FGE)) at the University of Mannheim.

## Publications

* Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Der Rechtsbesitz im geltenden Sachen- und Immaterialgüterrecht, Verlag Otto Schwarz & Co., Göttingen 1961
* Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Methodenlehre für Juristen. Theorie der Norm und des Gesetzes. 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl., C. F. Müller Juristischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8114-6790-5.
* Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Einführung in die juristische Methodenlehre: ein Studienbuch zu den Grundlagenfächern Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtssoziologie. - 2., neubearb. Aufl.. - C. F. Müller, Heidelberg 2000. - (Jurathek: Studium), ISBN 3-8114-2243-X.
* Pawlowski, Hans-Martin. Allgemeiner Teil des BGB. Grundlehren des bürgerlichen Rechts. 7. neubearbeitete Aufl., Heidelberg 2003, C. F. Müller Verlag, ISBN 3-8114-1851-3
# Hans Stohwasser

Hans Stohwasser (4 May 1884 – 30 May 1967) was a Vizeadmiral in the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

## Awards

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (27 January 1915) & 1st Class (31 May 1916)
* Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg
* Military Merit Cross of Mecklenburg 2nd Class
* Knight's Cross of the Albert Order of Saxony 1st Class with Swords
* Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th to 1st Class (2 October 1936)
* Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 (11 January 1935)
* Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1939)
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (26 November 1939) & 1st Class (22 April 1940)
* Minesweepers, Sub-Chasers and Escort-Vessel War Badge (1 September 1940)
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 November 1940 as Konteradmiral and Befehlshaber der Sicherung der Ostsee (Commander of the security of the Baltic Sea)
# Principles of the Constitution

The Principles of the Constitution of 1908 (simplified Chinese: 钦定宪法大纲; traditional Chinese: 欽定憲法大綱; pinyin: Qīndìng Xiànfǎ Dàgāng), also known as the Outline of Imperial Constitution or the Outline of the Constitution Compiled by Imperial Order, was an attempt by the Qing dynasty of China to establish a constitutional monarchy at the beginning of the 20th century. It established a constitutional monarchy and confirmed some basic rights of citizens, while imposing some limitations on the power of the monarch.
Since this outline of the constitution was not democratically formulated, but was promulgated in the name of the Guangxu Emperor by the Empress Dowager Cixi, it was called the "Outline of Imperial Constitution".

## Main contents

Outline of Imperial Constitution was based on the "Constitution of the Empire of Japan", and consists of 23 articles, including the body text "Powers of the Monarch" (君上大权) and the appendix "Rights and Duties of Subjects" (臣民权利义务).

## Impact and evaluation

Although the Outline of Imperial Constitution was modelled on the Japanese Meiji Constitution, it is the first constitutional document in Chinese history.
# Hans van Steenwinckel

Hans van Steenwinckel may refer to:
* Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder (c. 1545–1601), Flemish architect and sculptor
* Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger (1587–1639), Danish architect and sculptor, son of the Elder
* Hans van Steenwinckel the Youngest (1638–1700), Danish architect and sculptor, son of the Younger
# Hamilton Project

The Hamilton Project is an economic policy initiative within the Brookings Institution. It was originally launched in April 2006 by a combination of public policy makers, business people, academic leaders, and other former Clinton administration economists and experts. The Hamilton Project "seeks to advance America’s promise of opportunity, prosperity, and growth." It went dormant after U.S. President Barack Obama assumed office in 2009, because many of its members left to work for the White House, but in 2010, it was relaunched with Michael Greenstone as the new director.
The Hamilton Project is currently led by Wendy Edelberg, former Chief Economist at the Congressional Budget Office. Previous directors have included Jay Shambaugh, former Member of the White House Council of Economic Advisers and a professor of economics and international affairs at the George Washington University; Peter R. Orszag, former Director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Obama Administration; Jason Furman, professor of the practice of economic policy at the Harvard Kennedy School; Douglas W. Elmendorf, Dean of the Kennedy School at Harvard University; Michael Greenstone, a former chief economist for the President's Council of Economic Advisers; Melissa Kearney, professor of economics at the University of Maryland; and Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach; director of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University.
The Hamilton Project hosts events and commissions evidence-based policy proposals, reports, and books on topics ranging through economic security, employment, poverty, education, health care, and innovation.
# Procapra

Procapra is a genus of Asian gazelles, including three living species:
* Mongolian gazelle P. gutturosa
* Tibetan gazelle P. picticaudata
* Przewalski's gazelle P. przewalskii
The oldest fossils belonging to the genus Procapra date from the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene of central Asia, when the climate was wetter and milder than now. The genus apparently evolved from animals similar to the Pliocene gazelle Gazella sinensis, and is known to have been hunted by early Neolithic humans at Lake Qinghai in China.
# Cyperus koyaliensis

Cyperus koyaliensis is a species of sedge found in Africa, having been registered in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and the Central African Republic.
The species was first formally described by the botanist Henri Chermezon in 1936.
# Actinotignum schaalii

Actinotignum schaalii is a bacterium first isolated from human blood cultures. Its type strain is CCUG 27420. It is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, considered a human pathogen.
# Prionapteryx albicostalis

Prionapteryx albicostalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in what was Madras State in India.
The wingspan is 28 millimetres (1.1 in). The forewings are white, suffused with rufous and irrorated (sprinkled) with black in the interspaces. The costal area is pure white, with a slight rufous tinge towards the base. The hindwings are white, faintly tinged with red brown.
# Cyphonia

Cyphonia is a genus of treehopper belonging to the subfamily Smiliinae. It contains 33 species.

## Species

* Cyphonia ancoralis Berg, 1883
* Cyphonia andina Sakakibara & Evangelista de Souza, 2008
* Cyphonia braccata (Germar, 1835)
* Cyphonia cabetteae Barreira & Sakakibara, 2001
* Cyphonia capra (Burmeister, 1833)
* Cyphonia clavata (Fabricius, 1787)
* Cyphonia claviger (Fabricius, 1803)
* Cyphonia colenophora Berg, 1879
* Cyphonia digitata Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia flava (Burmeister, 1833)
* Cyphonia flavomaculata Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia flavovittata Stål, 1869
* Cyphonia fucifer Laporte, 1832
* Cyphonia guyanensis Sakakibara, 1972
* Cyphonia hirta (Germar, 1835)
* Cyphonia horizontalis Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia intermedia Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia lenkoi Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia leptostyla Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia longispina Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia longistyla Sakakibara, 1972
* Cyphonia nordestina Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia punctipennis Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia pygmaea Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia rostrata Sakakibara, 1972
* Cyphonia sakakibarai McKamey, 2017
* Cyphonia saturalis Berg, 1883
* Cyphonia scabra Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia sinuata Sakakibara, 1968
* Cyphonia trifida (Fabricius, 1787)
* Cyphonia tumefata Andrade, 2004
* Cyphonia weyrauchi Richter, 1958
* Cyphonia xavantina Barreira & Sakakibara, 2001
# Actia infantula

Actia infantula is a Palearctic species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Spain, Switzerland, France, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Israel, Russia.

## Hosts

The Skin Moth Monopis laevigella.
# Actia lata

Actia lata is a species of parasitic fly in the family Tachinidae.
# Actia lamia

Actia lamia is the type species of the genus Actia of the family Tachinidae.

## Range

It is a common European species, ranging extents from Italy in the south, to parts of Norway in the north, and from Great Britain (excluding Ireland) in the west to the Caucasus and parts of Siberia in the east.

## Biology

Like most tachinids it is a parasitoid of Lepidoptera. Its biology has not been well studied, but it has been reared from species of Epiblema (microlepidoptera).
# Actia interrupta

Actia interrupta is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Actia of the family Tachinidae. Actia interrupta is an important parasitoid of the genus Choristoneura, which includes pests such as the spruce budworm.

## Distribution

Alaska, British Columbia to Newfoundland, California to Virginia and Tennessee, not recorded from most of central United States with the exception of Colorado.
# Priyanka Rani Joshi

Priyanka Rani Joshi is a Nepalese beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Nepal World 2022. She represented Nepal in Miss World 2023 where she was placed in the top 40.

## Pageantry
### Miss Nepal 2022

Joshi won Miss Nepal World 2022 succeeding Namrata Shrestha and received Rs 250,000 cash and a scooter.

### Miss World 2023

Joshi represented Nepal at Miss World 2023 in India on March 8, 2024. She is crowned as the 21st title winner of Miss Nepal World. She also became first Miss Nepal to advance in the sport challenge, reaching the top 32. She was selected from the top eight from the Asia and Oceania group. Joshi reached the top 25 of the head to head challenge, but did not reach the top five.
# Acontista chopardi

Acontista chopardi is a species of mantid in the family Acontistidae.
# Harley-Davidson Freewheeler

The Harley-Davidson Freewheeler is a motorized tricycle introduced by Harley-Davidson in August, 2014 for the 2015 model year. It is designated the FLRT.
It has a 1,690 cc displacement, air-cooled, V-twin engine with 142 N⋅m (105 lbf⋅ft) torque and a six-speed transmission with reverse.
The model is distinguished from the other Harley three-wheeler, the Tri Glide Ultra Classic, by having mini ape hanger handlebars and bobtail fenders for a low profile.
The 2017 offering sports the new 107 cubic inch Milwaukee 8 engine.
The 2019 offering sports the new 114 cubic inch Milwaukee 8 engine.
# Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization may refer to:
* Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968) - a historical trade union representing air traffic controllers until 1981.
* Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (AFSCME) - a division of AFSCME
* Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (2003) - an independent trade union
# DNA2

DNA2 may refer to:
* DNA², a Japanese science fiction manga series
* DNA2 (gene), a human gene which encodes the enzyme DNA2-like helicase
# Pristimantis anemerus

Pristimantis anemerus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Peru where it is only known from the region of its type locality near Canchaque, Huancabamba Province, in the Piura Region of north-western Peru. Its natural habitat is humid montane forest.
# Proisocrinus

Proisocrinus ruberrimus is a species of crinoids that is in the monotypic genus Proisocrinus. The genus is in the monotypic family Proisocrinidae

## Genus and species

* Proisocrinidae
** Proisocrinus
*** P. ruberrimus
# Hannah Williams

Hannah Williams may refer to:
* Hannah Williams (actress) (1911–1973), American actress, singer, and comedian
* Hannah Williams (athlete) (born 1998), British athlete
* Hannah Williams (murder victim) (1987–2001), British murder victim
* Hannah Williams (football), coach for Sierra Leone women's national football team
* Hannah English Williams, collector of natural history in the American British Colonies
* Hannah Williams, Milkshake! presenter
* Hannah Williams, Miss Wales, 2017 finalist
# Leina

Leina may refer to:
* Leina, Pärnu County, a village in Tahkuranna Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia
* Leina, Saare County, a village in Pihtla Parish, Saare County, Estonia
* Leina (river), a river of Thuringia, Germany, tributary of the Leina
# Torchin'

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Torchin' is a studio album by Frankie Laine released in 1958 on Columbia Records.
# Umaru (sultan)

Umaru (or Umar) was a Sultan of Kano who reigned from 1410 to 1421.

## Biography in the Kano Chronicle

Below is a biography of Umaru from Palmer's 1908 English translation of the Kano Chronicle:
   The 14th Sarki was Umaru. He mother’s name was Yatara. He was a mallam earnest in prayer. He was a pupil of Dan Gurdamus Ibrahimu and a friend of Abubakra.
   When he became Sarkin Kano, his friend upbraided and left him and went to Bornu, where he remained 11 years. On his return to Kano, finding Umaru still Sarkin Kano, he said to him: “O Umaru, you still like the fickle dame who has played you false, with whom better reflection refuses to be troubled. In time you will be disgusted, and get over your liking for her. Then regret will be futile even if you do regret.”
   He preached to him about the next world and its pains and punishments. He reviled this world and everything in it. Umaru said, “I accept your admonition.”
   He called together all the Kanawa, and said to them: “This high estate is a trap for the erring: 1 wash my hands of it.”
   Then he resigned, and went away with his friend. He spent the rest of his life in regret for his actions while he had been Sarki. Hence he was called “Dan Terko.”
   He ruled 12 years. In his time there was no war and no robbery. The affairs of Kano were put into the hands of the Galadima. For this reason it was said of the Galadima Dana that he was the “Trusted guardian of the city, the dust-heap of disputes.”
# Pickering scale

The Pickering scale is a scale of rating astronomical seeing, the blurring of images caused by atmospheric turbulence. The scale was developed by William H. Pickering (1858–1938) of Harvard College Observatory, using a 5" (13 cm) refractor. Seeing of 1 to 3 is considered very poor, 4 to 5 is poor, 6 to 7 is good, and 8 to 10 is excellent.
# Tong Daoming

Tong Daoming (Chinese: 童道明; 1937 – 27 June 2019) was a Chinese literary scholar, translator, and playwright, known for his research and translation of the works of the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. He wrote 13 plays and won the Golden Lion Award, China's highest honour in drama, in 2012.

## Life and career

Tong was born in 1937 in Jiangyin, Jiangsu, Republic of China. In 1956, he went to the Soviet Union to study language and literature at Moscow State University. His thesis, On the Symbol of Realism in Chekhov’s Theatre, was highly praised by his advisor, and Chekhov became his main research interest from then on.
In 1962, Tong published on the Wenhui Bao China's first published analysis of the works of German playwright Bertolt Brecht. From 1963, he worked at the Institute of Foreign Literature at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (later Chinese Academy of Social Sciences). He translated many of Chekhov's works into Chinese, including The Seagull, The Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya, and Platonov, and published critical analyses on them. Recognized as China's top authority on Chekhov, he was awarded a special pension by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.
In 1996, to celebrate the centenary of the publication of The Seagull, Tong wrote his first play I Am the Seagull (我是海鸥). To celebrate the 100th birthday of Feng Zhi, another author Tong admired, he wrote his second play Face Mold of a Girl by the Seine River (塞纳河少女的面模) in 2005. In 2012, he won the Golden Lion Award, China's highest honour in drama, together with Mo Yan and He Jiping [zh]. In 2016, his play Three Drops of Water, a tribute to Victor Rozov's Four Drops of Water, was well received at the 7th Beijing Nanluoguxiang Performing Arts Festival.
Tong wrote 103 dramas in total. A major characteristic of his plays is the lack of antagonists, which Tong attributed to the influence of Chekhov.

## Death

On 25 June 2019, Tong fell ill and was hospitalized at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing. He died two days later at the age of 82.
# Pyrrharctia genini

Pyrrharctia genini is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Hubert Robert Debauche in 1938. It is found in Mexico.
# Umarsara

Umarsara is a census town in Yavatmal district in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## Demographics

At the 2001 India census, Umarsara had a population of 19,064 (53% males, 47% females). The average literacy rate was 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 86% and female literacy was 78%. In Umarsara. 11% of the population were under 6 years of age.
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) | Religion (%) |
| Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change | Hindu | Muslim | Christian | Sikhs | Buddhist | Jain | Other religions and persuasions | Religion not stated |
| 2001 | 10,128 | 9,031 | 19,159 | - | 82.311 | 0.934 | 0.073 | 0.251 | 15.664 | 0.454 | 0.313 | 0.000 |
| 2011 | 11,138 | 10,614 | 21,752 | 0.135 | 81.367 | 0.653 | 0.175 | 0.055 | 16.307 | 0.363 | 0.041 | 1.039 |
# Luke Fawcett

Luke Fawcett (1881–25 October 1960) was a British trade unionist.
Born in North Thoresby in Lincolnshire, Fawcett served an apprenticeship as a bricklayer, and immediately became an active trade unionist, becoming secretary of the Manchester Federation of Building Trades Operatives. He became increasingly concerned by the casualisation in the industry. In 1934, he became the first full-time President of the Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers
Fawcett was the General Secretary of the Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers from 1941 until 1952. He then became President of the National Federation of Building Trades Operatives, and Chairman of the Southern Regional Board for Industry. He received the OBE in 1943, and a knighthood in 1948.
# Harker Canyon (Washington)

Harker Canyon is formed by a tributary of the Spokane River, where it forms the Spokane Arm of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, in Lincoln County, Washington, United States. A small portion of the canyon where it empties into the Spokane River is part of the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. The remainder of the canyon is private land.

## Geography

Harker Canyon is 5.6 mi (9.0 km) long. The canyon is oriented north-northeast by south-southwest. The canyon opens into the Spokane River at its northern end at 1,350 feet (410 m) elevation, and the top of the canyon at its southern end is at about 2,720 feet (830 m) elevation above sea level. The top of the canyon is less than 0.62 mi (1 km) from the point where State Route 25 crosses the top of Teel Hill. The northern half of the canyon is accessible by Harker Canyon Road, which intersects State Route 25 about 4.0 mi (6.5 km) north of the town of Davenport.
The canyon has been prone to wildfires in the latter half of the 20th century and early 21st century. A wildfire burned 1,570 acres (634 ha) in the canyon between August 10 and August 15, 2005. The estimated total cost for fighting the fire was 1.0 million USD.

## Population

Most of the homes built in Harker Canyon are cottages or vacation houses used for recreational purposes in the spring, summer, and fall. Some homes are occupied year-round, and real estate listings promote the canyon's proximity to the town of Davenport. Mailing addresses on Harker Canyon Road use the Davenport post office.
# Onoba scythei

Onoba scythei is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
# Torchitorio II of Cagliari

Torchitorio II (died 1130), also known by his birth name as Marianus II and surnamed de Unali, was the Judge of Cagliari from circa 1102 to his death, but initially with opposition.
Torchitorio was the son of Salusio II. When Salusio died, the office of judge was still nominally electoral and Salusio's brother Torbeno seems to have pressed a claim to it. Nevertheless, Torbeno's government was short-lived and Torchitorio was soon securely in power, and the principle of hereditary succession was further entrenched in Cagliari. His return to power was the result of the aid of the Genoese, who lent six galleys under Ottone Fornari, and probably also that of the Republic of Pisa.
Torchitorio's first recorded public act was a donation to the Church of S. Lorenzo in Genoa in thankfulness for the aid. He also made grants to the church in Pisa. His gratefulness to the Pisans was recorded in a donation along with the names of all the noble citizens of Cagliari. The Pisans agreed to defend the peninsula of Sulcis with three of their galleys, but as this would stretch their resources, Torchitorio had to pay them an annual tribute of one pound pure gold and a shipload of salt. He also released Pisan merchants from customs dues and made later charters also in favour of Pisan commerce, always reaffirming his gratefulness for their assistance in recovering his realm.
Torchitorio's politics, however, were not skewed to one republic or the other. He obtained the protection of Genoa and authorised William, Archbishop of Cagliari, to make a donation of the church of S. Giovanni d'Assemine to the church of Genoa. He also confirmed his previous acts in favour of Pisa with the consent of his son Salusio III and his wife Preciosa de Lacon.
As to his relations with the church, Torchitorio's name is found subscribing many charters of the archbishop William in favour of Antiochus of Sulcis and S. Saturnino and he was probably a devotee of that last saint.
Torchitorio was at first at odds with his deposed uncle, but he soon was back on good terms and Torbeno appears in later documents alongside the judge's other relatives. He subscribed the charter making a large donation to the church of Saint-Victor at Marseille. Torbeno left Torchitorio's court after two years to take part in the successful Pisan-Sardinian expedition against the Almoravids of the Balearic Islands. Both Torchitorio and Constantine I of Logudoro supported the expedition, the latter sending his own son Saltaro.
# Helenium argentinum

Helenium argentinum is a species of sneezeweed native to Argentina in South America. It grows as an herb, bearing an alternate leaf pattern and daisy-like flowers.