OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thinkswap

Thinkswap is an online educational platform for secondary and tertiary students across Australia that provides access to a variety of study resources, including study notes and subject guides, as well as past essays and assignments. Thinkswap collates and organises all user-submitted material allowing users to search for content by either University (or certificate, in the case of secondary school content), down to the specific subject the user is studying. Users can either upload their own content in exchange for credits which they can "swap" for new content, or purchase content directly.

## History

Thinkswap was founded by Adam Fasullo whilst studying at the University of Technology Sydney in 2010 as a means for students to share their own class notes, subject guides and past assignments. He believed that most of this sharing was already occurring amongst group of friends and developed Thinkswap to bring this dynamic online, whereby students would benefit from multiple information sources. Following the full website launch, friends Andrew Romano and Emmanuel Christophorou later joined the company as Directors. The website initially targeted University students in NSW, but it has grown since then and now has coverage across most universities in each State across Australia. In late 2014, Thinkswap extended its reach to High School students in NSW and is continuing to expand into other states across Australia. In 2015 and 2016, the website made its first physical presence appearing at the NSW HSC and Careers Expo.

## Features
### Exchange Credits

Exchange credits form the currency of the Thinkswap marketplace. In exchange for uploading a document, users will receive a certain number of exchange credits that can be used to purchase other documents on Thinkswap. Alternatively, exchange credits can be purchased directly giving the user access to the resource instantly. Through the use of Exchange Credits, Thinkswap essentially standardises the value of all uploaded documents, broadly classifying resources as either: Complete Study Notes, Partial Study Notes, or Past Essay / Assignment. In essence, a user uploading content of a certain value will be able to ‘swap’ it for another document of equal value.

## Controversy

Whilst Thinkswap reviews all uploaded content, there is no ability to guarantee that the content is the original work of the uploading user. This is particularly the case for past essays / assignments, as well as subject guides, which may contain some copyright material of the University or school. In order to protect the intellectual property of the original author, Thinkswap is required by law to expeditiously remove content when it is flagged as infringing copyright.
Given Thinkswap also accepts past essays and assignments, the website has been criticised in the media as an aid of student cheating. In response to this, Thinkswap has taken proactive steps to ensure users are aware of the correct use of the platform, including promoting numerous messages around plagiarism and the website's intention to fully co-operate with universities in any cases of student cheating suspected to relate to Thinkswap content.
# Thiotricha strophiacma

Thiotricha strophiacma is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1927. It is found on Samoa.
# Alain Rakotondramanana

Alain Rakotondramanana (born 16 April 1970) is a Malagasy footballer for USCA Foot.
# Alan Abela-Wadge

Alan Abela-Wadge (born 15 March 1987) is a Maltese politician and former councillor on the Msida Local Council. He served as a local councillor from 2013 to 2019, representing the Nationalist Party. Abela-Wadge is well known for his significant weight loss, shedding over 100kg through a Gastric Bypass procedure, reducing his weight from 200.1kg to 95kg. Following his transformation, he became an online influencer, advocating for the benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and sharing his liberal perspectives on current affairs.

## Career

Abela-Wadge started his professional career in banking after graduating and worked in the field for about 12 years. Over the last 15 years Alan moved into sales and currently serves as the Head of Sales for a local company. Alan also holds a directorship in a family owned business.

### Football

Abela-Wadge was a committee member with Msida Saint-Joseph F.C. for 10 years, where he held various positions including Financial Director and President before resigning in 2015.

### Politics

Abela-Wadge contested the local election in Msida in 2013 as a candidate with the Nationalist Party and was elected councilor. He was assigned the portfolio of Sports & Youths. In the same year, he was elected as an executive member of the KKLPN. On 15 September 2014, he was accepted by the Nationalist Party to run for the general election, on their behalf. In July 2015, he was elected as the President of the College of Local Councillors.
# Alamcode, Thiruvananthapuram

Alamcode is a census town and neighbourhood of Attingal in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India. The nearest Airport is Trivandrum International Airport (33 km) and Kadakkavur Railway Station (6.3 km) is the nearest Railway Station.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Alamcode had a population of 14,762 with 6268 males and 7994 females. Alamcode is a part of Attingal Municipality.
# Avis

Avis is Latin for bird and may refer to:

## Aviation

* Auster Avis, a 1940s four-seat light aircraft developed from the Auster Autocrat (abandoned project)
* Avro Avis, a two-seat biplane
* Scottish Aeroplane Syndicate Avis, an early aircraft built by Howard Wright

## Businesses

* Avis Budget Group
* Avis Car Rental

## People

* Avis (name), a given name and a surname
* Menton J. Matthews III or Avis, musician

## Places

* Avis, Portugal, a municipality
* Avis, Ohio, United States, an unincorporated community
* Avis, Pennsylvania, United States, a borough

## Other uses

* Andover Village Improvement Society, a land preservation society
* Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangue, or AVIS, an Italian blood donation organisation
* Avis Dam, a dam near Windhoek, Namibia
* USS Avis (Sp-382), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1918
* List of newspapers named Avis
* House of Aviz (Portuguese: Avis), a dynasty of kings of Portugal
* Avis, an open-source implementation of the Elvin network event routing specification
* Avis, a fictional deity on The Orville
* -avis, a commonly used taxonomic suffix
# Nuker Team

The Nuker Team was formed to use the Hubble Space Telescope, with its high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, to investigate the central structure and dynamics of galaxies. The team used the HST to examine supermassive black holes and determined the relationship between a galaxy's central black hole's mass and velocity dispersion. The team continues to conduct research and publish papers on the supermassive black holes of galaxies and clusters. The group was initially formed by Tod R. Lauer, then a first year postdoc. At the first meeting of the group held at Princeton University in June 1985, Sandra Faber was elected the group leader.

## Members

The original members of the Nuker Team include Alan Dressler (OCIW), Sandra Faber (UCO/Lick; First PI), John Kormendy (Texas), Tod R. Lauer (NOAO), Douglas Richstone (Michigan; Present PI), and Scott Tremaine (IAS). Later additions to the team include Ralf Bender (Munchen), Alexei V. Filippenko (Berkeley), Karl Gebhardt (Texas), Richard Green (LBTO), Kayhan Gultekin (Michigan), Luis C. Ho (OCIW), John Magorrian (Oxford), Jason Pinkney (Ohio Northern), and Christos Siopis (Michigan).

## Etymology

The name "Nuker" began as an informal internal reference by members of the team to each other, because they came together to study the nuclei of galaxies using the space telescope. The first use of the name was in a 1989 email from Faber, who addressed her five colleagues as "Dear Nukers". As the team began to publish its research, the name came into general use in the scientific community.
The name "Nuker" is also used in reference to the "Nuker Law", which is a description of the inner few (~3-10) arcseconds of predominantly nearby (< 30 Mpc) early-type galaxy light-profiles. The Nuker Law was described first by members of the Nuker Team, from which it gets its name.
# Third metatarsal bone

The third metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is the second longest metatarsal, the longest being the second metatarsal. The third metatarsal is analogous to the third metacarpal bone in the hand
Like the four other metatarsal bones, it can be divided into three part: base, body and head. The base is the part closest to the ankle and the head is closest to the toes. The narrowed part in the middle is referred to as the body of the bone. The bone is somewhat flattened, giving it two surfaces: the plantar (towards the sole of the foot) and the dorsal side (the area facing upwards while standing). These surfaces are rough for the attachment of ligaments. The bone is curved longitudinally, so as to be concave below, and slightly convex above.
The base or posterior extremity is wedge-shaped. The third metatarsal bone articulates proximally, by means of a triangular smooth surface, with the third cuneiform; medially, by two facets, with the second metatarsal; and laterally, by a single facet, with the fourth metatarsal. This last facet is situated at the dorsal angle of the base.
The head or anterior extremity articulates with the third proximal phalanx.

## Muscle attachments

| Muscle attachments (seen from above) | Muscle attachments (seen from below) |
The second and third dorsal interossei muscles attaches to the third metatarsal bone. The second dorsal interossei from the medial side of the bone and the third dorsal interossei from the lateral side. The function of the muscle is to spread the toes.
The first Plantar interossei muscle originates from the medial side of the base and shaft of the third metatarsal. The function of the muscle is to move the third toe medially and move the toes together.
The horizontal head of the adductor hallucis also originates from the lateral side of the metacarpophalangeal joint and from the deep transverse metatarsal ligament, a narrow band which runs across and connects together the heads of all the metatarsal bones.
| Muscle | Direction | Attachment |
| Dorsal interossei II | Origin | Medial side of the shaft |
| Dorsal interossei III | Origin | Lateral side of the shaft |
| Plantar interossei I | Origin | Medial side of the base and shaft |
| Horizontal head of adductor hallucis | Origin | Deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the metacarpophalangeal joint |

## Additional images

* X-ray of foot, showing phalangeal fracture
* Skeleton of foot. Medial aspect.
* Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.
* Foot bones - tarsus, metatarsus
* Foot bones - metatarsus and phalanges
* Metatarsus
# Thomas Chapman (bishop)

Thomas Alfred Chapman (1867–1949) was an Anglican bishop in the first half of the twentieth century.

## Life

Educated at Exeter College, Oxford, he was ordained in 1890 and began his ecclesiastical career as a Curate at Charles Church, Plymouth. After this he was Vicar of St John, Carlisle and then Rural Dean of East Bristol. In 1899 he returned to Charles to be Rural Dean of the Three Towns and then a decade later became Rural Dean of St Peter's, Bolton before an 11-year spell as Bishop of Colchester.
# Thirteen Steps Down (novel)

Thirteen Steps Down (2004) is a psychological thriller novel by Ruth Rendell.
Its publication in the UK marked Rendell's 40th anniversary of being published, and all hardcover copies of the book had a special promotional notice on the cover celebrating this.

## Synopsis

Mix Cellini is a lonely, maladjusted young man who works for a company that repairs exercise equipment, and lives in the upstairs apartment of an old Victorian house on Notting Hill. While his reclusive landlady, Gwendoline Chawcer, spends her time reading and pondering lost loves, Mix grows dangerously obsessed with serial killer John Christie and a local model, Nerissa Nash, despite the fact that she hardly even acknowledges his existence.

## TV version

Thirteen Steps Down was filmed on location in London and Dublin as a two part thriller broadcast by ITV on 13 and 20 August 2012 starring Luke Treadaway, Geraldine James, and Elarica Gallacher.
# Alan Finder

Alan Finder (February 19, 1948 – March 24, 2020) was an American journalist. He was a longtime employee of the New York Times. He died during the COVID-19 pandemic from complications brought on by COVID-19. He was 72 years old.

## Early life and education

Alan Aaron Finder was born in Brooklyn and raised in Nassau County, New York, graduating from Valley Stream South High School. He earned a B.A. in history at the University of Rochester in 1969 and an M.A. in American studies at Yale University in 1972.

## Career

From 1974 to 1979, he worked at The Record in Hackensack, New Jersey, and then until 1983 at Newsday on Long Island. Beginning in 1983, Finder worked for 27 years at the New York Times where he was known for his coverage of local news, government, education, urban affairs, sports, international news and politics. He hosted a roundtable on a local New York TV channel, NY1, during which he would talk to other reporters about the current events. He retired in December 2011.
Times executive editor Dean Baquet described Finder as "one of Metro's stars in the 1980s and 1990s, a big writer in a big, hugely competitive era for New York City news". In retirement, he continued to work as an editor for The Record, Newsday, and on the international desk of the New York Times.

## Personal life

He lived in Ridgewood, New Jersey with his wife Elaine. In addition to his wife, Finder left behind a son, Jason Finder, a daughter, Lauren Drucker and a brother, Michael Finder.

## Death

Finder died on March 24, 2020, at The Valley Hospital in Ridgewood, New Jersey. He had recently tested positive for COVID-19.
# Thomas E. Mittler

Thomas Eduard Mittler (September 18, 1928–March 13, 2012) was an Austrian entomologist who primarily researched the diets of insects, particularly aphids. He was the editor of the Annual Review of Entomology from 1967–1997.

## Early life and education

Thomas Eduard Mittler was born on September 18, 1928, in Vienna, Austria as the second child of parents Anna née Hofmann and Stefan Mittler. In 1938, he fled with his family from Austria to England as a result of the Anschluss, when Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany. In England, he attended Imperial College London, graduating with a bachelor's degree in zoology in 1949. He then attended the University of Cambridge for his PhD under entomologist Vincent Wigglesworth, graduating in 1955. His doctoral research centered on the diet and nutrition of sap-feeding insects, especially aphids.

## Career

Upon finishing his PhD, he held temporary positions in London, Canada and Denmark. He accepted a position at the University of California, Berkeley in 1961. At Berkeley he continued his studies of aphid diet; with Reginald Dadd, he defined the first completely chemically defined artificial diets for aphids, based on their previous studies of the chemical composition of sap. He also researched the diet of the Mediterranean fruit fly, a major agricultural pest, as a consultant for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. He remained at Berkeley until his retirement in 1994. He was an editor of the Annual Review of Entomology from 1967–1997. He was also an editor of Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata for twenty years. Altogether, he published more than 100 scientific papers, including the 1972 text History of Entomology.

## Personal life and death

In 1954, he married Bergliot "Tutten" Finsen, who was originally from Denmark. They enjoyed skiing and ice dancing, as well as traveling. They had two children together, John and Eric. He died on March 13, 2012, from a respiratory infection.
# Axarquía

Axarquía (Spanish pronunciation:) is a comarca of Andalusia in southern Spain. It is the wedge-shaped area east of Málaga. Its name is traced back to Arabic الشرقية‏ (aš-Šarqiyya, meaning "the eastern [region]"). It extends along the coast and inland. Its coastal towns make up the Costa del Sol Oriental - one of the sunniest places in mainland Spain with the average of 320 sunny days a year. The natives of the region are called axárquicos.
The comarca is composed of 31 municipalities, of which the capital is Vélez-Málaga. The Vélez, Algarrobo and Torrox rivers all run through the region. Its highest mountain is La Maroma, highest point of the Sierra de Tejeda, Penibaetic System.
The Axarquía comarca is also known as Axarquía-Costa del Sol, for it includes the Costa del Sol Oriental sector of the Costa del Sol, east of Málaga city made up of Rincón de la Victoria, Vélez-Málaga, Algarrobo, Torrox and Nerja municipal terms.

## Etymology

The Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy defines the word "jarquía" (xarquía in old Castilian) as "district or territory located east of a great city and dependent on it" and says that it proceeds from Arabic شرقية‏ Šarqiyya, meaning "eastern part" or " eastern." It coincides with the region of Axarquia which lies in the east of Málaga. The Royal Academy, in its spelling of the Spanish Language, 1999 edition, explains that, in old Castilian, consonant fricative phoneme ⟨x⟩ represented the palatal as in English sh sound, found in words like Axarquía, Don Quixote, Mexico, Texas etc.

## Municipalities

The Axarquía comarca consists of the following municipalities:
| Municipality | Area (km²) | Population (2023) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Alcaucín | 45.1 | 2,554 | 56.6 |
| Alfarnate | 34.0 | 1,059 | 31.1 |
| Alfarnatejo | 20.4 | 380 | 18.6 |
| Algarrobo | 9.7 | 6,773 | 698.2 |
| Almáchar | 14.4 | 1,848 | 128.3 |
| Árchez | 4.8 | 391 | 81.5 |
| Arenas | 26.3 | 1,264 | 48.1 |
| Benamargosa | 12.1 | 1,557 | 128.7 |
| Benamocarra | 5.7 | 3,079 | 540.2 |
| El Borge | 24.4 | 925 | 37.9 |
| Canillas de Aceituno | 42.0 | 1,767 | 42.1 |
| Canillas de Albaida | 33.2 | 801 | 24.1 |
| Colmenar | 66.0 | 3,494 | 52.94 |
| Comares | 25.5 | 1,339 | 52.51 |
| Cómpeta | 54.2 | 3,875 | 71.5 |
| Cútar | 19.4 | 592 | 30.5 |
| Frigiliana | 40.5 | 3,322 | 82.0 |
| Iznate | 7.5 | 915 | 122.0 |
| Macharaviaya | 7.2 | 523 | 72.6 |
| Moclinejo | 14.3 | 1,220 | 85.3 |
| Nerja | 85.1 | 21,913 | 257.5 |
| Periana | 58.8 | 3,290 | 56.0 |
| Rincón de la Victoria | 28.5 | 51,300 | 1,800 |
| Riogordo | 40.0 | 2,795 | 69.9 |
| Salares | 10.3 | 187 | 18.2 |
| Sayalonga | 18.3 | 1,647 | 90.0 |
| Sedella | 31.6 | 611 | 19.3 |
| Torrox | 50.0 | 20,932 | 418.6 |
| Totalán | 9.2 | 767 | 83.4 |
| Vélez-Málaga | 157.9 | 85,377 | 540.7 |
| Viñuela | 27.2 | 2,059 | 75.7 |
| Totals | 1,023.6 | 228,556 | 223.3 |
# Auxiliary line

An auxiliary line (or helping line) is an extra line needed to complete a proof in plane geometry. Other common auxiliary constructs in elementary plane synthetic geometry are the helping circles.
As an example, a proof of the theorem on the sum of angles of a triangle can be done by adding a straight line parallel to one of the triangle sides (passing through the opposite vertex).
Although the adding of auxiliary constructs can often make a problem obvious, it's not at all obvious to discover the helpful construct among all the possibilities, and for this reason many prefer to use more systematic methods for the solution of geometric problems (such as the coordinate method, which requires much less ingenuity).
# Thistle tube

A thistle tube is a piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a shaft of tube, with a reservoir and funnel-like section at the top. Thistle tubes are typically used by chemists to add liquid to an existing system or apparatus. Thistle funnels are used to add small volumes of liquids to an exact position. Thistle funnels are found with or without taps.
The thistle tube shaft is designed to allow insertion through a small hole present in some stoppers, permitting the tube to be inserted into a container such as an Erlenmeyer flask.
# Alan Loehle

Alan David Loehle (born 1954) is an American contemporary artist and professor of art at Oglethorpe University in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Education and career

Born in Chicago, Illinois, Loehle received his B.F.A. from the University of Georgia in 1975 and his M.F.A. from the University of Arizona in 1979. He began exhibiting his paintings in Atlanta and New York City in 1983, and his work was featured in a 1999 print exhibition in the Paris Review. He has been teaching at Oglethorpe since 2001, and received a Guggenheim Fellowship for Painting in 2007.

## Paintings

Loehle's work, which includes both paintings and drawings, is characterized by its ambiguity and disturbing images. A 2004 Creative Loafing article stated that his paintings are characterized by a "triumvirate of flesh: dogs, dwarfs and meat", describing his paintings as "...masterful ruminations on the slender cord separating life from death and humanity from debasement." His specific works include a series of three oil paintings and one small ink-and-brush work, which he produced from 1997 to 2002 as part of a series centered around an achondroplastic dwarf model. These works include Walking Man, depicting an anonymous man walking on a desolate background landscape, and the Head, depicting the same model standing over a severed pig head. He has said that the images in these paintings are meant to symbolize the human condition.
# Alan Lodge

Alan Lodge (born 1953 in Luton, Bedfordshire), also known as 'Tash' is an English photographer based in Nottingham who has focused on alternative movements since the mid 1970s.
After a short career as an emergency paramedic in the London Ambulance Service, Lodge took up photography and photographed the early 'free festivals' in 1978. In 1985 Lodge joined the Peace Convoy on its way to Stonehenge where a festival was planned to take place and he photographed 'the Battle of the Beanfield'. In 1987 Lodge published a booklet, Stonehenge: Solstice Ritual, a photographic account of the rituals taking place at Stonehenge.
Since the events at Stonehenge, Lodge has covered a range of issues including the Travellers movement, Reclaim the Streets, the road protests in the mid 1990s and the campaign against the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. Lodge is also known for his documentation of police surveillance. Since the late 1990s Lodge has been a major contributor to the media network Indymedia.
In 1998 Privacy International presented Lodge with a "Winston Award" for his work documenting police surveillance.
# Alan Lofthouse

Alan Lofthouse is a former South African international lawn and indoor bowler.
He won a gold medal in the fours at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria with Robert Rayfield, Donald Piketh and Neil Burkett.
In November 2014, Alan Lofthouse and Geoff Perrow won the Western Province pairs.
# Aktiengesellschaft für Uhrenfabrikation Lenzkirch

Aktiengesellschaft für Uhrenfabrikation Lenzkirch (Public company for clockmaking Lenzkirch) was founded in 1851 in the village of Lenzkirch in Baden by Eduard Hauser who had trained in France and Switzerland. It is in the tradition of Black Forest clockmakers. Hauser, the son of a teacher, was born on 21 August 1825 and gained experience of making music boxes with Johann George Schopperle. During this same period he gained a knowledge of metalworking, precision work and the design of musical instruments, as well as a proficiency in the composing of music.
The firm acquired a reputation for building particularly fine regulators. Up to the 1920s it still produced regulators with compensated pendulums and precision movements. The firm was later taken over by Junghans and the factory closed down in 1932, at which period the market for wall regulators had collapsed.