OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Great Gulfcoast Arts Festival

The Great Gulfcoast Arts Festival is an annual three-day, juried art show in historic Seville Square in downtown Pensacola, Florida. Established in 1973, this Festival is held the first full weekend in November. Annually, it draws over 200 painters, potters, sculptors, jewelers, graphic artists, craftsmen, mixed-media artists and others competing for $25,000 in cash awards.
There was no festival in 2004 nor 2020.

## Generally

The Festival features a Heritage Arts area, where craftspeople from around the country provide demonstrations of crafts from the past, including blacksmithing, engraving, spinning, weaving and other time-honored traditions.
Live musicians are featured on two stages. The Pensacola Symphony and Pensacola Opera performances most years. Other performances range from bluegrass, Cajun and blues to instrumental guitar. The performing arts stage showcases theater, folk and ballet dance.
The Children's Arts Festival features numerous hands-on artistic opportunities for children at no cost to parents. Projects include face painting, clay play, a flower shop, button creations, sand art, sidewalk art, and a magical balloon show. There is glitter, glue, sequins and more for children to create their own mini-masterpieces such as masks, crowns, magic wands, and jewelry.
Bartram Park is also home to the annual Student Art Show, showcasing the talents of private and public school students in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties. Over 2,000 pieces of art from elementary, middle and high school students is displayed.

## Entries

Show entries are by juried selection, with artists' applications generally due in early May. Show entries compete for prizes at various levels, with a 2010 Best of Show award set at $3000. The yearly design competitions for selecting the official GGAF poster are also juried, generally in June, with a cash award of $1,000 in 2010.
# Bulbophyllum brevicolumna

Bulbophyllum brevicolumna is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1961

These are the songs that reached number one on the Top 100 Best Sellers chart in 1961 as published by Cash Box magazine.
| Issue Date | Song | Artist |
| January 7 | Wonderland by Night | Bert Kaempfert & Orchestra |
| January 14 | Exodus | Ferrante and Teicher |
| January 21 | Exodus | Ferrante and Teicher |
| January 28 | Will You Love Me Tomorrow | The Shirelles |
| February 4 | Will You Love Me Tomorrow | The Shirelles |
| February 11 | Calcutta | Lawrence Welk & Orchestra |
| February 18 | Calcutta | Lawrence Welk & Orchestra |
| February 25 | Calcutta | Lawrence Welk & Orchestra |
| March 4 | Calcutta | Lawrence Welk & Orchestra |
| March 11 | Pony Time | Chubby Checker |
| March 18 | Surrender | Elvis Presley |
| March 25 | Surrender | Elvis Presley |
| April 1 | Blue Moon | The Marcels |
| April 8 | Blue Moon | The Marcels |
| April 15 | Blue Moon | The Marcels |
| April 22 | Runaway | Del Shannon |
| April 29 | Runaway | Del Shannon |
| May 6 | Mother-in-Law | Ernie K-Doe |
| May 13 | Mother-in-Law | Ernie K-Doe |
| May 20 | Runaway | Del Shannon |
| May 27 | Mother-in-Law | Ernie K-Doe |
| June 3 | Running Scared | Roy Orbison |
| June 10 | Travelin' Man | Ricky Nelson |
| June 17 | Travelin' Man | Ricky Nelson |
| June 24 | Travelin' Man | Ricky Nelson |
| July 1 | Quarter To Three | Gary U.S. Bonds |
| July 8 | Quarter To Three | Gary U.S. Bonds |
| July 15 | Quarter To Three | Gary U.S. Bonds |
| July 22 | Tossin' and Turnin' | Bobby Lewis |
| July 29 | Tossin' and Turnin' | Bobby Lewis |
| August 5 | Tossin' and Turnin' | Bobby Lewis |
| August 12 | Tossin' and Turnin' | Bobby Lewis |
| August 19 | Michael | The Highwaymen |
| August 26 | Michael | The Highwaymen |
| September 2 | Michael | The Highwaymen |
| September 9 | Michael | The Highwaymen |
| September 16 | Take Good Care Of My Baby | Bobby Vee |
| September 23 | Take Good Care Of My Baby | Bobby Vee |
| September 30 | Take Good Care Of My Baby | Bobby Vee |
| October 7 | Crying | Roy Orbison |
| October 14 | Hit the Road Jack | Ray Charles |
| October 21 | Runaround Sue | Dion |
| October 28 | Runaround Sue | Dion |
| November 4 | Big Bad John | Jimmy Dean |
| November 11 | Big Bad John | Jimmy Dean |
| November 18 | Big Bad John | Jimmy Dean |
| November 25 | Big Bad John | Jimmy Dean |
| December 2 | Big Bad John | Jimmy Dean |
| December 9 | The Lion Sleeps Tonight | The Tokens |
| December 16 | The Lion Sleeps Tonight | The Tokens |
| December 23 | The Lion Sleeps Tonight | The Tokens |
| December 30 | The Lion Sleeps Tonight | The Tokens |
# Barbados at the 2003 Pan American Games

The 14th Pan American Games were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from August 1 to August 17, 2003.

## Medals
### Bronze
##### Athletics

* Women's 400 m Hurdles: Andrea Blackett

## Results by event
### Athletics
#### Track

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Andrea Blackett | Women's 400 m hurdles | 55.86 | 5 | 55.24 | |

### Swimming
#### Men's Competition

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Damian Alleyne | 100 m freestyle | 52.13 | 18 | 51.89 | 14 |
| Damian Alleyne | 200 m freestyle | 1:53.19 | 9 | 1:53.22 | 9 |
| Bradley Ally | 200 m freestyle | 1:56.41 | 18 | did not advance | did not advance |
# Timber Drop

Timber Drop is a steel roller coaster located at the Fraispertuis City amusement park in Jeanménil, France. With a slope of 113.1°, the coaster held the world record for the steepest drop in the world from 1 July 2011 to 16 July 2011, and currently holds the record for the steepest roller coaster drop in Europe.

## History

On 8 October 2010 at the trade show of the Euro Attractions Show in Rome, Fraispertuis City finalized the purchase of a new roller coaster to be built by S&S – Sansei Technologies. Named Timber Drop, the coaster was inaugurated on 1 July 2011 and opened to the public the next day.
The coaster is an "El Loco" model, of which there are variants in five other parks. When Timber Drop was installed, two other El Loco coasters existed: One named Steel Hawg at Indiana Beach in the United States and another named Mumbo Jumbo at Flamingo Land Theme Park & Zoo in England. Steel Hawg (opened in 2008) and Mumbo Jumbo (opened in 2009) were holders of the world's steepest roller coaster drops of 111° and 112° respectively. Timber Drop had a steeper-than-vertical drop of 113.1°, which allowed it to win the title when opening. However, this record was exceeded fifteen days later, with the opening of Takabisha (121°) at Fuji-Q Highland in Japan on 16 July 2011.
With a total budget of 4 million euros, Timber drop represented the largest investment in the park since its inception. More than one million euros is spent on decoration and arrangement of attraction, entrusted to the company Artistic Concrete Workshop. The theme of the attraction is that of redwoods. Trains and pass through several tree stumps during the run, various cut logs decorate the area surrounding the attraction.
Since its opening, a counter was set up on the attraction, to count the number of visitors riding Timber Drop. The park, in partnership with the association "Trees for Life" decided to educate visitors on the issue of deforestation. Fraispertuis City committed to donate money to replant and maintain one tree for every 500 riders. In 2011, the park has recorded 146,500 riders, which led to the replanting of 293 trees in Benin.
# List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1962

These are the songs that reached number one on the Top 100 Best Sellers chart in 1962 as published by Cash Box magazine.
| Issue Date | Song | Artist |
| January 6 | The Twist | Chubby Checker |
| January 13 | The Twist | Chubby Checker |
| January 20 | The Twist | Chubby Checker |
| January 27 | The Twist | Chubby Checker |
| February 3 | Duke of Earl | Gene Chandler |
| February 10 | Duke of Earl | Gene Chandler |
| February 17 | Duke of Earl | Gene Chandler |
| February 24 | Duke of Earl | Gene Chandler |
| March 3 | Duke of Earl | Gene Chandler |
| March 10 | Hey! Baby | Bruce Channel |
| March 17 | Hey! Baby | Bruce Channel |
| March 24 | Hey! Baby | Bruce Channel |
| March 31 | Hey! Baby | Bruce Channel |
| April 7 | Slow Twistin' | Chubby Checker with Dee Dee Sharp |
| April 14 | Good Luck Charm | Elvis Presley |
| April 21 | Johnny Angel | Shelley Fabares |
| April 28 | Mashed Potato Time | Dee Dee Sharp |
| May 5 | Soldier Boy | The Shirelles |
| May 12 | Soldier Boy | The Shirelles |
| May 19 | Stranger on the Shore | Mr. Acker Bilk |
| May 26 | I Can't Stop Loving You | Ray Charles |
| June 2 | I Can't Stop Loving You | Ray Charles |
| June 9 | I Can't Stop Loving You | Ray Charles |
| June 16 | I Can't Stop Loving You | Ray Charles |
| June 23 | I Can't Stop Loving You | Ray Charles |
| June 30 | The Stripper | David Rose & Orchestra |
| July 7 | The Stripper | David Rose & Orchestra |
| July 14 | Roses Are Red (My Love) | Bobby Vinton |
| July 21 | Roses Are Red (My Love) | Bobby Vinton |
| July 28 | Roses Are Red (My Love) | Bobby Vinton |
| August 4 | Roses Are Red (My Love) | Bobby Vinton |
| August 11 | Breaking Up Is Hard to Do | Neil Sedaka |
| August 18 | The Loco-Motion | Little Eva |
| August 25 | The Loco-Motion | Little Eva |
| September 1 | The Loco-Motion | Little Eva |
| September 8 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| September 15 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| September 22 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| September 29 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| October 6 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| October 13 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| October 20 | Sherry | The Four Seasons |
| October 27 | Monster Mash | Bobby (Boris) Pickett & Crypt-Kickers |
| November 3 | Monster Mash | Bobby (Boris) Pickett & Crypt-Kickers |
| November 10 | Monster Mash | Bobby (Boris) Pickett & Crypt-Kickers |
| November 17 | Big Girls Don't Cry | The Four Seasons |
| November 24 | Big Girls Don't Cry | The Four Seasons |
| December 1 | Big Girls Don't Cry | The Four Seasons |
| December 8 | Big Girls Don't Cry | The Four Seasons |
| December 15 | Return to Sender | Elvis Presley |
| December 22 | Limbo Rock | Chubby Checker |
| December 29 | Telstar | The Tornadoes |
# List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1959

These are the songs that reached number one on the Top 100 Best Sellers chart in 1959 as published by Cash Box magazine.
Key :
| † | Indicates best-performing single of 1959 |
| Issue date | Song | Artist |
| January 3 | The Chipmunk Song | Chipmunks with David Seville |
| January 10 | The Chipmunk Song | Chipmunks with David Seville |
| January 17 | Smoke Gets In Your Eyes | The Platters |
| January 24 | Smoke Gets In Your Eyes | The Platters |
| January 31 | Smoke Gets In Your Eyes | The Platters |
| February 7 | Smoke Gets In Your Eyes | The Platters |
| February 14 | Stagger Lee | Lloyd Price |
| February 21 | Stagger Lee | Lloyd Price |
| February 28 | Stagger Lee | Lloyd Price |
| March 7 | Venus | Frankie Avalon |
| March 14 | Venus | Frankie Avalon |
| March 21 | Venus | Frankie Avalon |
| March 28 | Venus | Frankie Avalon |
| April 4 | Venus | Frankie Avalon |
| April 11 | Come Softly To Me | The Fleetwoods |
| April 18 | Come Softly To Me | The Fleetwoods |
| April 25 | Come Softly To Me | The Fleetwoods |
| May 2 | Come Softly To Me | The Fleetwoods |
| May 9 | The Happy Organ | Dave "Baby" Cortez |
| May 16 | The Happy Organ | Dave "Baby" Cortez |
| May 23 | Kansas City | Wilbert Harrison |
| May 30 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| June 6 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| June 13 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| June 20 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| June 27 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| July 4 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| July 11 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| July 18 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| July 25 | The Battle of New Orleans | Johnny Horton |
| August 1 | Lonely Boy | Paul Anka |
| August 8 | Lonely Boy | Paul Anka |
| August 15 | There Goes My Baby | The Drifters |
| August 22 | There Goes My Baby | The Drifters |
| August 29 | The Three Bells | The Browns |
| September 5 | The Three Bells | The Browns |
| September 12 | The Three Bells | The Browns |
| September 19 | The Three Bells | The Browns |
| September 26 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| October 3 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| October 10 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| October 17 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| October 24 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| October 31 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| November 7 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| November 14 | Mr. Blue | The Fleetwoods |
| November 21 | Don't You Know? | Della Reese |
| November 28 | Mr. Blue | The Fleetwoods |
| December 5 | Don't You Know | Della Reese |
| December 12 | Mack the Knife † | Bobby Darin |
| December 19 | Heartaches By The Number | Guy Mitchell |
| December 26 | Heartaches By The Number | Guy Mitchell |
# Billy Peach

Billy Peach (born March 28, 1990) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who played for one seasons for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 2013. After playing college football for the Jacksonville Dolphins, he was drafted in the third round, 19th overall by the Stampeders in the 2012 CFL Draft, and signed a professional contract with the team on December 5, 2012. He played in three games in 2013, and spent the entire 2014 season on the team's practice roster. He was released before the start of the 2015 season on May 14, 2015.
# List of Cincinnati Bengals broadcasters

As of 2016, the Bengals flagship radio stations are WCKY, "ESPN 1530" and 102.7 WEBN, with WLW AM 700 joining in following the end of the Reds' season. Dan Hoard and former Bengals offensive lineman Dave Lapham, who started in 1985, form the announcing team. Most preseason and regular season games, are telecast on WKRC-TV, channel 12, the CBS affiliate. Mike Watts and Anthony Muñoz are the TV announcers for the preseason games, with Mike Valpredo as the sideline reporter. Games that feature an NFC opponent playing at Paul Brown Stadium will be televised on WXIX, channel 19, the local Fox affiliate. WLWT-TV airs games when the Bengals are featured on Sunday Night Football.

## Past

Phil Samp was the Bengals original play-by-play announcer from 1968–1990. Ken Broo (1991–1995), Paul Keels (1996), Pete Arbogast (1997–2000) and Brad Johansen (2000–2010) have also done radio play-by-play for the Bengals. Steve Physioc was also one of the voices of the Bengals.

## Bengals radio announcers

| Years | Flagship station | Play-by-play | Color commentator |
| 1968–1979 | WLW | Phil Samp | Jimmy Crum |
| 1980 | WLW | Phil Samp | Bob Johnson |
| 1981 | WLW | Phil Samp | Andy MacWilliams |
| 1982–1983 | WKRC | Phil Samp | Dennis Janson |
| 1984–1985 | WKRC | Phil Samp | Donn Burrows |
| 1986 | WKRC | Phil Samp | Dave Lapham |
| 1987–1990 | WKRC | Phil Samp | Dave Lapham & Ken Anderson |
| 1991 | WKRC | Ken Broo | Dave Lapham & Ken Anderson |
| 1992 | WKRC | Ken Broo | Dave Lapham |
| 1993–1995 | WKRC/WLW | Ken Broo | Dave Lapham |
| 1996 | WLW | Paul Keels | Dave Lapham |
| 1997–1999 | WUBE/WBOB | Pete Arbogast | Dave Lapham |
| 2000–2008 | WLW/WOFX/WCKY | Brad Johansen | Dave Lapham |
| 2009–2010 | WLW/WCKY/WEBN | Brad Johansen | Dave Lapham |
| 2011–present | WLW/WCKY/WEBN | Dan Hoard | Dave Lapham |
# Hugh Cleghorn

Hugh Cleghorn may refer to:
* Hugh Cleghorn (colonial administrator) (1752–1837), first colonial secretary to Ceylon
* Hugh Cleghorn (forester) (1820–1895), Scottish physician, botanist, forester and land owner
# Hugh Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh

Hugh Clifford, 2nd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (21 December 1663 – 12 October 1730) was an English aristocrat.

## Early life

Clifford was baptized on 21 December 1663 in Ugbrooke. Though the seventh child and second son, he was the eldest living son when his father, Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, died. His mother, Elizabeth Martin, was the sister and co-heiress of William Martin, both children of William Martin of Lindridge.
He succeeded his father in the barony on his father's death in 1673.

## Personal life

In 1685 he married Anne Preston, who died in July 1734 in Ugbrooke and was buried on 10 July 1734. She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Preston, 3rd Baronet and Mary Molyneux, daughter of 3rd Viscount Molyneux and heiress of Quernmore Park.
They had nine sons and six daughters. Their children were:
* Hon. Francis Clifford (b. 1686, d. young)
* Hon. Thomas Clifford (12 December 1687 – 2 December 1718), buried 9 March 1719 in Cannington, Somerset. He married, as her first husband, on 22 December 1713 Charlotte Maria Livingston, 3rd Countess of Newburgh (1694–1755). Her second husband was Charles Radclyffe. They had two daughters:
** Anne Clifford (d. 1 April 1793); married first, on 22 December 1739 at Saint Sulpice in Paris, John Joseph Mahony, 2nd Count of Mahony (d. 1757), by whom she had one daughter; married second, on 13 April 1773, Don Carlo Severino.
** Frances Clifford, died in Ugbrooke, buried at Chudleigh Church on 7 July 1771.
* Hon. Elizabeth Clifford (1689 – 25 September 1721), married first William Constable, 4th Viscount Dunbar (1653–1718), without issue, married second on 17 November 1720 Charles Fairfax, 9th Viscount Fairfax of Emley, without issue.
* Hon. Francis Clifford (25 December 1690 – ?), died in Germany.
* Hon. William Clifford (1692–1702), died in Ugbrooke.
* Hon. Catherine Clifford (1694–?), nun at the English Benedictine Convent in Ghent.
* Hon. Mary Clifford (1695–?) nun at the English Benedictine Convent in Ghent.
* Hon. George Clifford, died an infant.
* Hon. Charles Clifford, died an infant.
* Hugh Clifford, 3rd Baron Clifford of Chudleigh (1700–1732)
* Hon. Henry Clifford (1702 – 21 August 1725), buried in Cannington.
* Hon. Anne Clifford (1704–1762), married in 1723 George Cary of Tor Abbey, Torquay, Devon, without issue.
* Hon. Amy Clifford (1705–1731), buried at Saint Pancras in London, married in 1719 as his first wife Cuthbert Tunstall Constable (d. 1740) of Burton Constable, Holderness, the nephew of both the 3rd and the 4th Viscount Dunbar. They had two sons and two daughters.
* Hon. Preston Clifford (1707–?), nun at the English Benedictine Convent in Ghent.
* Hon. Lewis Clifford (1709–?), died in Flanders.
Lord Clifford died 12 October 1730 at Cannington in Somerset, England. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest living son.
# Hugh Clegg

Hugh Clegg may refer to:
* Hugh Clegg (academic) (1920–1995), British academic
* Hugh Clegg (physician) (1900–1983), British medical doctor
# Huai Kaeo

Huai Kaeo may refer to:
* Huai Kaeo, Chiang Mai, a subdistrict (tambon) in Mae On District, Chiang Mai, Thailand
* Huai Kaeo Subdistrict in Phu Kamyao District, Phayao, Thailand
* Huai Kaeo Subdistrict in Bueng Na Rang District, Phichit, Thailand
* Huai Kaeo, a former name of Ban Mi District, Lop Buri, Thailand
** Huai Kaeo railway station, which serves the district
# Times of Suriname

Times of Suriname is a national newspaper in Suriname. The paper is published daily (except on Sundays) in a broadsheet format with a reported circulation of 35,000-40,000. The paper was founded in December 2003 by (at the time) rich business man and politician Rudi Dilip Sardjoe and claims to be a quality news paper and the largest and most-read paper of the country.

## Content

The Times of Suriname is one of the main newspapers of the country, and publishes news articles primarily in Dutch, while also publishing some articles in English (in 2005 it experimented with some articles in Portuguese). The paper contains news on Suriname, the Dutch Caribbean and the Netherlands.
The paper is reported to have some 20 journalists under employment, most of them young.
# Hugh McLaren

Hugh McLaren may refer to:
* Hugh McLaren (footballer, born 1901) (1901–1971), Scottish footballer
* Hugh McLaren (footballer, born 1926) (1926–1965), Scottish footballer
* Hugh McLaren (rugby union) (1926–1992), New Zealand international
# Hugh McKinnis

Hugh Lee McKinnis Jr. (born June 6, 1948) is a former professional American and Canadian football player who played three Canadian Football League (CFL) seasons from 1970 to 1972 for the Calgary Stampeders and four National Football League (NFL) seasons from 1973 to 1976 for the Cleveland Browns and the Seattle Seahawks.
# Timothy Healy

Timothy Healy may refer to:
* Tim Healy (actor) (born 1952), British actor
* Tim Healy (politician) (1855–1931), Irish parliamentary politician, later Governor-General of the Irish Free State
* Timothy Healy (trade unionist) (1863–1930), American trade union official and political activist
* Timothy S. Healy (1923–1992), president of Georgetown University
# Timeline of plant pathology

Plant pathology has developed from antiquity, but scientific study began in the Early modern period and developed in the 19th century.

## Early history

* 300–286 BC; Theophrastus, father of botany, wrote and studied diseases of trees, cereals and legumes

## 17th century

* 1665; Robert Hooke illustrates a plant-pathogenic fungal disease, rose rust
* 1675; Antony van Leeuwenhoek invents the compound microscope, in 1683 describes bacteria seen with the microscope

## 18th century

* 1729; Pier Antonio Micheli observes fungal spores, conducts germination experiments
* 1755; Mathieu Tillet reports on treatment of seeds

## 19th century

* 1802; Lime sulfur first used to control plant disease
* 1845–1849; Potato late blight epidemic in Ireland
* 1853; Heinrich Anton de Bary, father of modern mycology, establishes that fungi are the cause, not the result, of plant diseases, publishes "Untersuchungen uber die Brandpilze"
* 1858; Julius Kühn publishes "Die Krankheiten der Kultergewachse"
* 1865; M. Planchon discovers a new species of Phylloxera, which was named Phylloxera vastatrix.
* 1868–1882; Coffee rust epidemic in Sri Lanka
* 1871; Thomas Taylor publishes the first USDA papers on microscopic plant pathogens
* 1875; Mikhail Woronin identified the cause of clubroot as a "plasmodiophorous organism" and gave it the name Plasmodiophora brassicae
* 1876; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, responsible for Panama disease, discovered in bananas in Australia
* 1878–1885; Downy mildew of grape epidemic in France
* 1879; Robert Koch establishes germ theory: diseases are caused by microorganisms
* 1882; Lehrbuch der Baumkrankheiten (Textbook of Diseases of Trees), by Robert Hartig, is published in Berlin, the first textbook of forest pathology.
* 1885; Bordeaux mixture introduced by Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet to control downy mildew on grape
* 1885; Experimental proof that bacteria can cause plant diseases: Erwinia amylovora and fire blight of apple
* 1886–1898; Recognition of plant viral diseases: Tobacco mosaic virus
* 1889; Introduction of hot water treatment of seed for disease control by J. L. Jensen

## 20th century

* 1902; First chair of plant pathology established, in Copenhagen
* 1904; Mendelian inheritance of cereal rust resistance demonstrated
* 1907; First academic department of plant pathology established at Cornell University
* 1908; American Phytopathological Society founded
* 1910; Panama disease reaches Western Hemisphere
* 1911; Scientific journal Phytopathology founded
* 1923; Lawrence Ogilvie identified the virus that had devastated Bermuda's high-value lily bulb crops.
* 1925; Panama disease reaches every banana-growing country in the Western Hemisphere
* 1951; European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) founded
* 1967; Recognition of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organisms
* 1971; Theodor Otto Diener discovers viroids, organisms smaller than viruses