OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Avak crater

Avak is an impact crater centered approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Utqiagvik, Alaska, United States.
Avak is a subcircular structure about 12 km (7.5 mi) in diameter and 1 km (0.62 mi) deep. In the structure, metamorphic basement rocks and regionally flat lying sedimentary rocks are uplifted and intensely deformed. The Avak structure has no surface expression in the swampy, lake-dotted tundra of the Arctic coastal plain. The structure is covered by a thin veneer of permanently frozen Pliocene and Pleistocene rock. This means that the age of the impact took place anywhere between 3 million and 95 million years ago. Palynological data on its ejecta suggest Middle–Late Turonian age of the impact (about 90 million years ago).
The Avak structure provides the structural trap for the natural gas in the adjacent South Barrow and East Barrow gas fields. These fields have accumulated about 37 bcf of natural gas in Jurassic sandstones.

## History

The Avak structure was first recognized from seismic surveys in the National Petroleum Reserve No. 4 (NPR4) by the U.S. Navy during the period from 1943 to 1953. The Navy drilled the Avak 1 well in 1951–1952 and encountered deformed rocks from near the surface to a total depth of 1,225 m (4,019 ft). Shatter cones and other evidence of impact origin was found.
In 1995, geologists from the Geological Survey of Canada and U.S. Geological Survey found another group of mineralogic features that indicated that Avak is a meteorite impact structure: the planar deformation features.
# Phragmipedium klotzschianum

Phragmipedium klotzschianum is a species of orchid found from southeastern Venezuela to Guyana and northern Brazil.
# Amidohydrolase

Amidohydrolases (or amidases) are a type of hydrolase that acts upon amide bonds.
They are categorized under EC number EC 3.5.1 and 3.5.2.
Examples include:
* Beta-lactamase
* Histone deacetylase
* Urease
The amidohydrolase superfamily is a large protein family of more than 20,000 members with diverse chemistry and physiologic roles. Due to its complexity and size, the amidohydrolase superfamily is being used by the Enzyme Function Initiative (EFI) for developing a large-scale strategy for functional assignment of unknown proteins.
# Planea

Planea is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae. The only known species is Planea schlechteri, a rare and threatened species known from only a single population in Western Cape Province in South Africa.
# Virginia United FC

Virginia United FC may refer to:
* Virginia United FC (Australia), an Australian soccer team
* Virginia United FC (United States), an American soccer team
See also
# Inhumate

Inhumate are a French deathgrind band. They started off as a death metal band in 1990 but with a line up change in 1993 where Stephane and Olivier left the band and were replaced by Valentin and Sebastien, the band's musical stile shifted towards grindcore.
In their career they have played concerts with such band as Agathocles, Cannibal Corpse, Cryptopsy, Immolation, Sepultura, Malignant Tumour, Nile, Six Feet Under, Unholy Grave and Vader, in a total of 9 different European countries (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Germany, Italy, Austria and Czech Republic).

## History

The band was formed in September 1990 by bassist Fred, who went to Strasbourg looking for musicians with whom he could form a death metal band. He quickly found Olivier (vocals), Stéphane (drums) and David (guitar), and the band formed under the name Inhumate.
After a year, Stéphanie and Olivier left the band and were replaced by Valentin (drums) and Sébastien (vocals). With this line-up, the band became more grindcore-orientated and recorded its first demo, Abstract Suffering, in 1993. In 1994, Valentin and Sébastien left the group and were replaced by Yannick (drums) and Christophe (vocals).
This line-up remained stable and more focused on grind. In May 1995, they recorded their second demo, Grind Your Soul. In the following years, they released four studio albums: Internal Life (September 1996), Ex-Pulsion (November 1997), Growth (June 2000) and Life (February 2004).
In October 2006, the band's guitarist, David, left the group and was replaced by Damien, 2 years and half later Inhumate released its fifth full-length album The Fifth Season (April 2009)

## Members

* Fred – bass (1990–present)
* Yannick – drums (1994–present)
* Christophe – vocals (1994–present)
* Damien – guitar, vocals (2006–present)

### Former members

* Stephane – drums (1990–1991)
* David – guitar, vocals (1990–2006)
* Oliver – vocals (1990–1991)
* Valentin – drums (1991–1994)
* Sebastien – vocals (1991–1994)

## Discography

* 1993 – Abstract Suffering (demo tape)
* 1995 – Grind Your Soul (demo tape)
* 1996 – Internal Life
* 1997 – Ex-Pulsion
* 2000 – Growth
* 2004 – Life
* 2007 – At War with... Inhumate (DVD)
* 2009 – The Fifth Season
* 2013 – Expulsed
* 2021 – Eternal Life

### Splits

* Split tape with Funeral March (1996)
* Split tape with Exhumator (1998)
* Split tape with Disembowel (1998)
* Split tape with Trauma Team (1998)
* Split tape with Maggot Shoes (1999)
* Split tape with Sanguinary (1999)
* Split 7" with Alienation Mental (2000)
* Split 7" with Vaginal Incest : Fetus Included (2003)
* Split 7" with Depression (2008)
# Victoria River (lake Mégantic)

The Victoria River (in French: rivière Victoria) is a tributary of the Chaudière River, therefore a sub-tributary of the St. Lawrence River.
The Victoria River flows through the municipalities of Val-Racine, Piopolis and Marston, in the Le Granit Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada.

## Geography

The main neighboring slopes of the Victoria River are:
* north side: Gunn Creek, Glen River;
* east side: lake Mégantic, Quinion stream, Bergeron River;
* south side: Fromagerie stream, Déloge stream, Chesham River, Bergeron River;
* west side: rivière au Saumon, Turcotte stream.
The Victoria River has its source in Noël Lake (length: 0.4 kilometres (0.25 mi); altitude: 534 metres (1,752 ft)). This lake is located 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) east of the summit of Mont Saint-Joseph which is located on the eastern flank of Mont Mégantic. This spring is located 5.1 kilometres (3.2 mi) north of the center of the village of Notre-Dame-des-Bois and 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) south-west of the center of the village of Val-Racine.
In its course to the north, then to the east, the Victoria River flows over 21.2 kilometres (13.2 mi) divided into the following segments:
* 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) towards the north, collecting various streams which drains the northeast flank of Mont Mégantic, until a road that it cuts at 1.0 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of the center of the village of Val-Racine;
* 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) north-east, to the road that it intersects at 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) east of the center of the village of Val-Racine;
* 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) north-east, up to a stream (coming from the west);
* 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east, until you reach a road;
* 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) northeasterly, up to the limit between the municipalities of Val-Racine and Piopolis;
* 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) eastward, up to the boundary between the municipalities of Piopolis and Marston;
* 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) eastward, collecting the discharge from lac McKenzie (Marston) (coming from the northwest), to route 263;
* 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) eastward, up to its confluence.
The Victoria River flows onto the west shore of Victoria Bay of lake Mégantic in the municipality of Marston. This confluence is located southeast of the center of the village of Marsboro, southeast of downtown Lac-Mégantic and north of the village of Piopolis. A bridge has been built near the confluence of the Victoria River, at the foot of the "Côte du Bois", between the hamlets of Vieux - Piopolis and Marsboro.

## Toponymy

The toponym of this watercourse was attributed around the middle of the XIXth in honor of Queen Victoria, whose reign extended from 1837 to 1901.
The toponym "Rivière Victoria" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# Avakaasham

Avakaasham is a 1978 Indian Malayalam film, directed by A. B. Raj. The film stars Jayabharathi, Jose Prakash, Sankaradi and Alummoodan in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

## Cast

* Jayabharathi
* Jose Prakash
* Sankaradi
* Alummoodan
* M. G. Soman
* Vincent

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. K. Arjunan and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran & Gopi Kottarappat.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Ente Swapnathin Maalikayil" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |
| 2 | "Olappeeppi oothi" | Vanijayaram | Gopi Kottarappat |
| 3 | "Muralee neeyoru ganam" | S. Janaki | Gopi Kottarappat |
| 4 | "Sandhyaa vandana" | Yesudas, Raveendran | Gopi Kottarappat |
# Bombardment of Dresden

Bombardment of Dresden may refer to:
* Siege of Dresden (1760)
* Bombing of Dresden in World War II (1945)
# Amidon

Amidon may refer to:

## People

* Charles F. Amidon, a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota
* Edna P. Amidon, chief of the Home Economics Education Service in the US Office of Education from 1938 to 1964
* George H. Amidon, a Vermont state commissioner of taxes and Vermont State Treasurer in U.S.
* Kim Amidon, an American radio personality
* Margaret Amidon, an American educator
* Roger Amidon, an early settler of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a French Huguenot
* Sam Amidon, an American folk artist
* Stephen Amidon, an American author and critic

## Other uses

* Amidon, North Dakota, county seat of Slope County, North Dakota
* Amidon, a trade name for methadone
# Echo Lake (Nevada)

Echo Lake is a glacial tarn in the Ruby Mountains, in Elko County in the northeastern part of the state of Nevada. It is located at the head of remote Echo Canyon at approximately 40°36.7′N 115°26.8′W﻿ / ﻿40.6117°N 115.4467°W﻿ / 40.6117; -115.4467, and at an elevation of 9,830 feet (3,000 meters). It has an area of approximately 29 acres (12 hectares), and a depth of up to 155 feet (47 meters), making it both the largest and deepest lake in the Ruby Mountains. It is the major source of Echo Creek, which after exiting the mountains merges with other streams to form the South Fork of the Humboldt River.
# Virginia Slims of Indianapolis

The Virginia Slims of Indianapolis is a defunct WTA Tour affiliated tennis tournament played from 1972 to 1973 and from 1983 to 1992. It was held in Indianapolis in the United States and played on indoor carpet courts from 1972 to 1973 and from 1983 to 1992. It was played on indoor hard courts from 1986 to 1992.
Katerina Maleeva was the most successful player at the tournament, winning the singles competition three times.

## Results
### Singles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1972 | Billie Jean King | Nancy Gunter | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 1973 | Billie Jean King | Rosemary Casals | 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 |
| 1974 -1982 | Not Held | Not Held | Not Held |
| 1983 | Anne Hobbs | Ginny Purdy | 6–4, 6–7, 6–4 |
| 1984 | JoAnne Russell | Pascale Paradis | 7–6, 6–2 |
| 1985 (Mar) | Kathleen Horvath | Elise Burgin | 6–2, 6–4 |
| 1985 (Oct) | Bonnie Gadusek | Pam Casale | 6–0, 6–3 |
| 1986 | Zina Garrison | Melissa Gurney | 6–3, 6–3 |
| 1987 | Halle Cioffi | Anne Smith | 4–6, 6–4, 7–6$^{(12–10)}$ |
| 1988 | Katerina Maleeva | Zina Garrison | 6–3, 2–6, 6–2 |
| 1989 | Katerina Maleeva | Raffaella Reggi | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1990 | Conchita Martínez | Leila Meskhi | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 1991 | Katerina Maleeva | Audra Keller | 7–6$^{(7–1)}$, 6–2 |
| 1992 | Helena Suková | Linda Harvey-Wild | 6–4, 6–3 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 1972 | Rosemary Casals Karen Krantzcke | Judy Tegart Françoise Dürr | 6–3, 6–2 |
| 1973 | Rosemary Casals Billie Jean King | Margaret Court Lesley Hunt | 7–5, 6–4 |
| 1974 -1982 | Not held | Not held | Not held |
| 1983 | Lea Antonoplis Barbara Jordan | Yvonne Vermaak Candy Reynolds | 5–7, 6–4, 7–5 |
| 1984 | Cláudia Monteiro Yvonne Vermaak | Beverly Mould Elizabeth Smylie | 6–7, 6–4, 7–5 |
| 1985 (Mar) | Elise Burgin Kathleen Horvath | Jennifer Mundel Molly Van Nostrand | 6–4, 6–1 |
| 1985 (Oct) | Bonnie Gadusek Mary-Lou Piatek | Penny Barg Sandy Collins | 6–1, 6–0 |
| 1986 | Zina Garrison Lori McNeil | Candy Reynolds Anne Smith | 4–5 ret. |
| 1987 | Jenny Byrne Michelle Jaggard | Beverly Bowes Hu Na | 6–2, 6–3 |
| 1988 | Larisa Savchenko Natasha Zvereva | Katrina Adams Zina Garrison | 6–2, 6–1 |
| 1989 | Katrina Adams Lori McNeil | Claudia Porwik Larisa Savchenko | 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1990 | Patty Fendick Meredith McGrath | Katrina Adams Jill Hetherington | 6–1, 6–1 |
| 1991 | Patty Fendick Gigi Fernández | Katrina Adams Mercedes Paz | 6–4, 6–2 |
| 1992 | Katrina Adams Elna Reinach | Sandy Collins Mary-Lou Daniels | 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 |
# Institute of Informatics and Communication

Institute of Informatics and Communication (IIC) is a constituent institute of the University of Delhi, in New Delhi, India. The institute offers degree in Masters of Science (Informatics). The institute was established in 1997 and has an intake of 78 students. The institute provides studies in the field of informatics, which is essentially a blend of three domains: networking, telecommunication and software, on three major platforms: Windows, Linux and Macintosh.

## Notable alumni

* Prashant Pillai, Professor of Cyber Security and Associate Dean for Research and Knowledge Enterprise at University of Wolverhampton

## Events at IIC

* Techspur is an annual one-day technical seminar at IIC organised primarily aiming at strengthening the industry-academic relationship. It comprises talks by eminent personalities from the field of communication and information technology.
* REMINISCENCE:The alumini meet of IIC.
* Envisage is a national level technical festival organised annually to promote open source technical excellence. The event provides platform for students to participate from across the country. The principal aim of the fest is to facilitate the growth and exchange of knowledge and imagination among the participants of diverse educational backgrounds hailing from all over India.
# Unibranch local ring

In algebraic geometry, a local ring A is said to be unibranch if the reduced ring A$_{red}$ (obtained by quotienting A by its nilradical) is an integral domain, and the integral closure B of A$_{red}$ is also a local ring. A unibranch local ring is said to be geometrically unibranch if the residue field of B is a purely inseparable extension of the residue field of A$_{red}$. A complex variety X is called topologically unibranch at a point x if for all complements Y of closed algebraic subsets of X there is a fundamental system of neighborhoods (in the classical topology) of x whose intersection with Y is connected.
In particular, a normal ring is unibranch. The notions of unibranch and geometrically unibranch points are used in some theorems in algebraic geometry. For example, there is the following result:
Theorem Let X and Y be two integral locally noetherian schemes and $f\colon X\to Y$ a proper dominant morphism. Denote their function fields by K(X) and K(Y), respectively. Suppose that the algebraic closure of K(Y) in K(X) has separable degree n and that $y\in Y$ is unibranch. Then the fiber $f^{-1}(y)$ has at most n connected components. In particular, if f is birational, then the fibers of unibranch points are connected.
In EGA, the theorem is obtained as a corollary of Zariski's main theorem.
# Timmermoor

The Timmermoor is a natural monument, about 4 hectares in area, in the southeast of Bergstedt, a quarter of Hamburg, Germany. It was placed under protection by a Hamburg senate act of 4 February 1986.
The bog pond is a kettle hole that formed around 20,000 years ago during the last ice age and is surrounded by heathland and woods. Contrary to earlier suppositions that it was a hole scoured out by a tornado, it is now thought that the hollow was formed by the settling of soil layers over thawing dead ice.
The area is a habitat for rare bog plants that are sensitive to trampling underfoot and that are only able to live on nutrient-poor soils. In addition, endangered dragonflies and amphibians live here.
# William Green House

William Green House may refer to:
* William Green House (Rochester, Iowa)
* Capt. William Green House, Wakefield, Massachusetts
* William Green House (Ewing Township, New Jersey)
# Amir Muzaffar Madrasah

Amir Muzaffar madrasah is located in Bukhara. The madrasah has not been preserved today. Amir Muzaffar madrasah was established in 1868 by Amir Muzaffar Khan, who ruled in Istemurbi Guzar, Bukhara Emirate. The madrasa was small and endowment. Research scientist Abdusattor Jumanazarov studied a number of foundation documents related to this madrasah and provided information related to the madrasah. In the foundation document, it is written about the madrasah: "Hazrat Amir Muzaffar built a 9-room madrasa in the month of Zulqada in the year 1285 Hijri (February–March 1868) in the Lyab-i Hauz in Istemurbi guzari." This document is confirmed with the seal of Qazi Abduhamid bin Damulla Baqi. The cream market in Istemurbi guzar and the rag market in Boboyi al guzar were endowed for the foundation of the madrasah. According to the document, the head of the madrasah was appointed as a mutawwali. The Madrasah Mutawwali received a salary from the Waqf funds. The remaining funds will be divided into 21 parts. Two students lived in madrasah rooms. The photo of the madrasah is preserved in Olga Sukhareva's book. The madrasah is located next to a pond and has an ornate and gabled gate. The foundation is raised above the ground. There was also a one-story mosque near the madrasah. Its place corresponds to the Istemurbi madrasah, which Sharif Makhdum taught. Amir Muzaffar was the sixth ruler of Bukhara Emirate. Bukhara became a protectorate of the Russian Empire in 1868 during the reign of Amir Muzaffar Khan. Amir Muzaffarkhan madrasah consisted of 9 rooms. This madrasah was built in the style of Central Asian architecture. The madrasah is built of brick, wood, stone and ganch.
# Ann Kettle

Ann Julia Kettle FSA FRHistS FRSA OBE is a historian and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the University of St Andrews.

## Career

Kettle has a BA and MA from the University of Oxford. She taught medieval history at the University of St Andrews for more than 40 years, during which her research focussed on English local history, history of women in the Middle Ages, and the social structure of mediaeval England. She was a member of the Scottish National Committee for the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education, published in 1997.
Kettle was elected as a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London on 3 March 1972. She is also a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Royal Society of Arts. She was awarded an OBE for services to higher education in the 2002 New Year Honours.

## Select publications

* Kettle, A. J. 2004. "Arthurian Myths and Alchemy: The Kingship of Edward IV", History: The Journal of the Historical Association. 89, 115–116.
* Kettle, A. J. 2002. "Pilgrimage in Medieval England", English Historical Review. 117, 161–162.
* Kettle, A. J. 2000. "Religious life for women, c.AD1100-1350. Fontevraud in England", Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 51, 785–786.
* Kettle, A. J. 1999. "Daughters, Wives and Widows after the Black Death: Women in Sussex, 1350-1535", History: The Journal of the Historical Association. 84, 717-717.
* Kettle, A. J. 1995. "Ruined Maids: Prostitutes and Servant Girls in Later Mediaeval England", in Edward, R.R. and Ziegler, V. (eds) Matrons and marginal women in mediaeval society, vol 3. Boydell and Brewer, 19–31.
# East Jesus

East Jesus may refer to:
* A small town in the middle of nowhere
* East Jesus, an art installation at Slab City in southern California, USA
* East Jesus (album), a compilation of music by Lee Ranaldo
# J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography

J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Biography is a work by Douglas A. Anderson and Wayne G. Hammond that is a complete bibliography of the publications of J. R. R. Tolkien. It has a foreword by Rayner Unwin.

## Contents

The book subdivides the works of Tolkien into the following sections:
* Books by J. R. R. Tolkien
* Books edited, translated, or with contributions by J. R. R. Tolkien
* Contributions to Periodicals
* Published Letters and Excerpts
* Art by J. R. R. Tolkien
* Miscellanea
* Translations

## Publication

A first printing was published in 1993 by St. Paul's Bibliographies in the UK and Oak Knoll Press in the US. Oak Knoll published a second printing in 2002.

## Response

A review for the Bibliographical Society of America by Barbara A. Brannon calls it "an essential guide" for scholarship. The Tolkien Library says that "Anyone willing to collect books by Tolkien simply must have this book". The book was also the winner of the Mythopoeic Society's scholarship award for Inkling studies in 1994.
# Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka

Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka (IIT, DU) is an educational institution aimed at developing efficient human resource in the field of information technology. IIT currently offers Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering (BSSE), Master of Science in Software Engineering (MSSE), Master's Degree in Information Technology (MIT) and Post Graduate Diploma in Information Technology (PGDIT).

## Establishment

In the annual session of June 2001, The Dhaka University Senate established the Institute of Information Technology (IIT) by converting the erstwhile Computer Center (established in 1985). The aim was to train skilled manpower in the field of information technology (IT) and to establish computer network in the university.

## List of directors

| Name | From | To |
| A M Harun ar Rashid$^*$ | 13-May-1985 | 29 August 1989 |
| Ajoy Kumar Roy$^*$ | 30-Aug-1989 | 30-Jun-1995 |
| Md. Lutfar Rahman$^*$ | 01-Jul-1995 | 03-Nov-1999 |
| Ahmed Shafee$^*$ | 04-Nov-1999 | 26-Jun-2001 |
| Ahmed Shafee | 27-Jun-2001 | 24-Jul-2002 |
| A K M Maqbulur Rahman | 31-Jul-2002 | 29-Jul-2005 |
| Zerina Begum | 30-Jul-2005 | 29-Jul-2008 |
| Mohd. Zulfiquar Hafiz | 30-Jul-2008 | 29-Jul-2011 |
| Md. Mahbubul Alam Joarder | 30-Jul-2011 | 30-Jul-2014 |
| Kazi Muheymin-Us-Sakib | 01-Aug-2014 | 01-Aug-2017 |
| Md. Shariful Islam | 02-Aug-2017 | 05-Aug-2020 |
| Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan | 06-Aug-2020 | 05-Aug-2023 |
| B M Mainul Hossain | 06-Aug-2023 | Present |
# Valeri Kozinets

Valeri Yevseevich Kozinets (May 9, 1939 – November 8, 2020) was a Soviet and Russian stage and film actor and screenwriter.

## Biography

In the 1960s, Kozinets was an actor at the Moscow Yermolova Theatre. From 1971 to 1977, he was an actor at Mosfilm. In 1977, he joined Lenfilm.
In 1972, he starred in the main role of Ruslan in the film adaptation of the poem by A. Pushkin “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, directed by Alexander Ptushko.
Valeri Kozinets died in Saint Petersburg on November 8, 2020, at the age of 81.

## Selected filmography
### Actor

* 1968 – Spartacus in Razbudite Mukhina
* 1972 – Ruslan in Ruslan and Ludmila
* 1976 – Aleksey Antonov in 72 gradusa nizhe nulya
* 1982 – A pirate in Treasure Island
* 1991 – Savely in Get Thee Out

### Screenwriter

* 2011 – We declare war on you (miniseries)