OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Carl E. Schneider

Carl E. Schneider was an American lawyer and bioethicist. He served as Chauncey Stillman Professor of Law and as Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan. He was educated at Harvard College and received his JD from the University of Michigan, where he served as editor-in-chief of the law review. Schneider subsequently clerked for Judge Carl McGowan of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; he served in the same capacity for Justice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court. In 1981, he joined the law faculty at the University of Michigan. In 1998, he was appointed to the medical faculty as well.
Schneider authored several books, including The Censor's Hand: The Misregulation of Human-Subject Research.

## Views on institutional review boards

Schneider argued that institutional review boards are unnecessary and harmful, restricting useful and innocuous research while being likely to permit truly dangerous studies. He stated in a 2018 lecture that IRBs are "deeply unethical system[s] of regulation" because they fail to reach consistent decisions and prohibit many experiments which have the potential to benefit patient health. Schneider cited a multi-center study of vitamin A supplementation for neonatal ICU patients which IRBs halted: one institution's IRB rejected the study because it considered the experiment unnecessary, claiming the benefits of vitamin A supplementation were proven; another denied it because it considered the effects of vitamin A on neonates too ill-studied to be ethical. He continued by noting that even without IRB approval, the doctors running the study would have had the ability to give or not give vitamin A to their patients, and even to collect data on the two groups. However, to compare the patients would require IRB approval.
# Changaa

Changaa or Chang'aa is a traditional home-brewed spirit, popular in Kenya. It is made by fermentation and distillation from grains like millet, maize and sorghum, and is very potent.

## Regulation

After being illegal in Kenya for many years, the Kenyan government legalised the traditional home-brewed spirit in 2010, in an effort to take business away from establishments where toxic chemicals are added to the brew to make it stronger. Under the new law, chang'aa must be manufactured, distributed and sold in glass bottles, and retailers must display health warning signs. Sale to individuals under age 18 is still prohibited, as is sale through automatic vending machines. Anyone making or selling adulterated chang'aa risks penalties of five million shillings, five years in jail, or both. Chang'aa is usually much cheaper and stronger than other alcoholic drinks, making it the beverage of choice for many.

## Production and distribution

Its production and distribution in urban slums has to some extent continued to be controlled in many cases by criminal gangs like the Mungiki who run protection cartels for illicit brewers. However, in the rest of the country production is still under traditional brewers. Illegally brewed chang'aa could be purchased for around US$0.20 to $0.40 per glass.

### Health concerns

The drink is sometimes adulterated by adding substances like jet fuel, embalming fluid or battery acid, which has the effect of giving the beverage more 'kick'. Drinkers have suffered blindness or death due to methanol poisoning. The water used to make the drink in illegal breweries is also often below acceptable health standards and sometimes contaminated with sewage.

## Origin of name

The spirit's name, Chang'aa, means literally "kill me quick."
The name Chang'aa was adopted in the 1950s when Oyuga Muganda, an AP in Kisumu, once narrated the story in the presence of Tom Omuga how Pelele (aka Woraj) got its name as Chang'aa.
Women from the Kano area of Kisumu used to ferry fresh milk in pots to sell to Kisumu residents. The colonial government had banned the sale of local liquor (Pelele) and so the women carrying milk also carried Pelele disguised as milk.
One day a white policeman who had been tipped off about the underground trafficking of Pelele stopped the women milk sellers on the road to inspect their pots of "milk". One of the pots had Pelele and not milk.
The policeman ordered all the pots lined on the roadside and asked "Maziwa ya nani?"
An interpreter repeated in Dholuo "Ma Chag ng'a?" (meaning "whose milk is this?").
So the policeman charged the women with transporting and selling Chang'aa. That is allegedly how the name Chang'aa came about.
# List of highways numbered 24A

Route 24A, or Highway 24A, may refer to:
* Florida State Road 24A
* M-24A (Michigan highway) (former)
* Nebraska Link 24A
* New York State Route 24A (former)
** County Route 24A (Livingston County, New York)
** County Route 24A (Oneida County, New York)
* South Dakota Highway 24A
* Utah State Route 24A (former)
# Iya Gbonkan

Margaret Bandele OlayinkaListen(born 14 September 1958), popularly known as Iya Gbonkan, is a Nigerian veteran actress, who is predominantly known for her scary facial expression.

## Career

Iya Gbonkan stars mostly as a mean witch in Yoruba movies; this is aided by her natural physique. She hit the spotlight in the early 1970s when she featured on Pa Yemi Elebu'bon a television series by Ifa Olokun and also in Olori Emere and in Yekinni Ajileye's Koto Orun.
# Bonetta-class sloop

The Bonetta class was a class of three sloops of wooden construction built for the Royal Navy between 1755 and 1756. All three were built by contract with commercial builders to a common design prepared by Thomas Slade, the Surveyor of the Navy.
All three were ordered on 9 July 1755, assigned names on 29 July 1755, and were built as two-masted snow-rigged vessels.

## Vessels

| Name | Ordered | Builder | Launched | Notes |
| Bonetta | 9 July 1755 | Henry Bird, Globe Stairs, Rotherhithe | 4 February 1756 | Sold 1 November 1776 at Woolwich. |
| Merlin | 9 July 1755 | John Quallett, Rotherhithe | 20 March 1756 | Captured 23 August 1778 by the French in the Mediterranean. (Recaptured 26 August 1780 by British privateer Fame and burnt). |
| Spy | 9 July 1755 | Robert Inwood, Rotherhithe | 3 February 1756 | Sold 3 September 1773 at Sheerness. |
# Toxonotus cornutus

Toxonotus cornutus is a species of fungus weevil in the beetle family Anthribidae. It is found in Central America, North America, and Oceania.
# Malayodracon

Malayodracon is a genus of lizard within the family Agamidae. The genus is monotypic, containing the sole species Malayodracon robinsonii. The species, also known commonly as Robinson's anglehead lizard and Robinson's forest dragon, is endemic to Southeast Asia. No subspecies are recognized as being valid.

## Etymology

The specific name, robinsonii, is in honor of British ornithologist Herbert Christopher Robinson.

## Geographic range

M. robinsonii is found in West Malaysia.

## Habitat

The preferred habitat of M. robinsonii is forest, at altitudes of 600–1,600 m (2,000–5,200 ft).

## Reproduction

M. robinsonii is oviparous.
# You Will Have to Pay

"You Will Have to Pay" is a 1945 song by Tex Ritter. "You Will Have To Pay" was Tex Ritter's final number one on Juke Box Folk chart, remaining at the top of the chart for three weeks. The B-side of the song, "Christmas Carols By the Old Corral", hit number two on the same chart.
# Dirty data

Dirty data, also known as rogue data, are inaccurate, incomplete or inconsistent data, especially in a computer system or database.
Dirty data can contain such mistakes as spelling or punctuation errors, incorrect data associated with a field, incomplete or outdated data, or even data that has been duplicated in the database. They can be cleaned through a process known as data cleansing.

## Dirty Data (Social Science)

In sociology, dirty data refer to secretive data the discovery of which is discrediting to those who kept the data secret. Following the definition of Gary T. Marx, Professor Emeritus of MIT, dirty data are one among four types of data:
* Nonsecretive and nondiscrediting data:
** Routinely available information.
* Secretive and nondiscrediting data:
** Strategic and fraternal secrets, privacy.
* Nonsecretive and discrediting data:
** sanction immunity,
** normative dissensus,
** selective dissensus,
** making good on a threat for credibility,
** discovered dirty data.
* Secretive and discrediting data: Hidden and dirty data.
# List of years in Argentina

This is a list of years in Argentina. See also the timeline of Argentine history. For only articles about years in Argentina that have been written, see Category:Years in Argentina.

## Twenty-first century
### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009

## Twentieth century
### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

### 1950s

    1950
    1951
    1952
    1953
    1954
    1955
    1956
    1957
    1958
    1959

### 1940s

    1940
    1941
    1942
    1943
    1944
    1945
    1946
    1947
    1948
    1949

### 1930s

    1930
    1931
    1932
    1933
    1934
    1935
    1936
    1937
    1938
    1939

### 1920s

    1920
    1921
    1922
    1923
    1924
    1925
    1926
    1927
    1928
    1929

### 1910s

    1910
    1911
    1912
    1913
    1914
    1915
    1916
    1917
    1918
    1919

### 1900s

    1900
    1901
    1902
    1903
    1904
    1905
    1906
    1907
    1908
    1909

## Nineteenth century
### 1890s

    1890
    1891
    1892
    1893
    1894
    1895
    1896
    1897
    1898
    1899

### 1880s

    1880
    1881
    1882
    1883
    1884
    1885
    1886
    1887
    1888
    1889

### 1870s

    1870
    1871
    1872
    1873
    1874
    1875
    1876
    1877
    1878
    1879

### 1860s

    1860
    1861
    1862
    1863
    1864
    1865
    1866
    1867
    1868
    1869

### 1850s

    1850
    1851
    1852
    1853
    1854
    1855
    1856
    1857
    1858
    1859

### 1840s

    1840
    1841
    1842
    1843
    1844
    1845
    1846
    1847
    1848
    1849

### 1830s

    1830
    1831
    1832
    1833
    1834
    1835
    1836
    1837
    1838
    1839

### 1820s

    1820
    1821
    1822
    1823
    1824
    1825
    1826
    1827
    1828
    1829

### 1810s

    1810
    1811
    1812
    1813
    1814
    1815
    1816
    1817
    1818
    1819

### 1800s

    1800
    1801
    1802
    1803
    1804
    1805
    1806
    1807
    1808
    1809

## City in Mexico

* Timeline of Buenos Aires
* List of years by country
# Zilsel

Zilsel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
   * Zilsel thesis, explanation for why science emerged in Western Europe and not in other places or eras
# List of highways numbered 248

The following highways are numbered 248:

## Canada

* Manitoba Provincial Road 248
* Prince Edward Island Route 248
* Quebec Route 248

## Costa Rica

* National Route 248

## India

* National Highway 248 (India)

## Japan

* Japan National Route 248

## United States

* Alabama State Route 248
* Arkansas Highway 248
* California State Route 248
* Georgia State Route 248 (former)
* K-248 (Kansas highway)
* Kentucky Route 248
* Minnesota State Highway 248
* Missouri Route 248
* Montana Secondary Highway 248
* New York State Route 248
** New York State Route 248A
* Ohio State Route 248
* Pennsylvania Route 248
* South Carolina Highway 248
* South Dakota Highway 248
* Tennessee State Route 248
* Texas State Highway 248 (former)
** Texas State Highway Spur 248
** Farm to Market Road 248 (Texas)
* Utah State Route 248
| Preceded by 247 | Lists of highways 248 | Succeeded by 249 |
# Iya Nla

Ìyá Nlá is the primordial spirit of all creation in Yoruba cosmology. She is believed to be the source of all existence. Iya Nla literally means “Great Mother” in the Yoruba language (Ìyá: Mother; Nlá: Big or Great). In The Gẹ̀lẹ̀dẹ́ Spectacle: Art, Gender, and Social Harmony in an African Culture, art historian Babatunde Lawal reveals that Ìyá Nlá in Yoruba cosmology is the orisha who is the “Mother of All Things, including the deities.” Lawal also asserts that the female principle in nature has been personified as Ìyá Nlá (The Great Mother), whereby human beings can relate to one another as children of the same mother.” Teresa N. Washington’s Our Mothers, Our Powers, Our Texts: Manifestations of Àjẹ́ in Africana Literature, states that Ìyá Nlá — the Mother of All, who is also known as Yewájọbí, Odù, Odùduwà, and Àjẹ́ — is not merely an orisha; Ìyá Nlá is the primordial force of all creation.
# Boothroyd, British Columbia

Boothroyd (/ˈbuːθrɔɪd/ BOOTH-royd) is a settlement in the Fraser Canyon region of British Columbia, just north of Boston Bar-North Bend. It sits on a flat, alluvial bench which is some of the only flat land in the Fraser Canyon. It was the site of a Cariboo Roadhouse, run by a man named Boothroyd. Later it was a camp for Canadian Pacific Railway Chinese construction workers from 1882 to 1884.
The community was named after George Boothroyd (1829-1902). He and his brother kept a roadhouse here during the days of the Cariboo Road.$^{:24}$
The BC Ministry of Environment has mapped Boothroyd in the Interior Douglas-fir zone, wet warm subzone (IDFww). Boothroyd is the first place where travellers heading north along the Trans-Canada Highway notice Ponderosa pine in considerable abundance as the climate becomes drier and more continental.
# Tony Gowans

Tony Gowans is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.
Gowans played three official A-international matches for New Zealand in 1967 at the Vietnam National Day Soccer Tournament: a 3–5 loss to Australia on 5 November 1967, a 3–1 win over Singapore on 8 November and a 1–5 loss to South Vietnam on 10 November 1967.
# Boetsap

Boetsap is a private owned village between towns Prieska, Warrenton, Douglas and Reivilo. Its situated in the Northern Cape, South Africa

## Beginnings

The area today known as Boetsap belonged to the Griqua King, Barend Barendse. Moselekatse beaten him in a battle and took the land over. In 1879 William Hunter took it over and in his turn sold it to Archibald Cochran. Cochran sold it to the congregation of Kimberley and du Toitspan. In 1883 it formed its own congregation and a town was founded, calling it Cathcart West. It was changed to Boetsap in 1890. (Old missionaries recorded it as Bootschap) The area then was divided into two separate areas Boetsap and Klein (small) Boetsap. Klein Boetsap became Reivilo. Boetsap later became in the possession of H Pagan.

## Naming origin

The name originates out of Tswana. It’s called after the word “Mabuchapella”. The meaning is Mother of Fertility (referring to an animal). From Tswana bucwa, 'fat', 'sleek', it is said to refer to the condition of the cattle there.

## Location

It’s on the foot of the Ghaapse Plateau. David Livingstone, the explorer and Missionary when looking at trees decided to call the valley to Boetsap “Forest Hill”. This was in the 1800s before the formal town settling.

## School and Nursing home

On 1 June 1883 a school, accommodating children from SubA (Grade 1) and Standard 6(Grade 8) was opened with 25 children. The first principal was D Viljoen. Later D Nelson was principal from 1923-1954. A Nursing home was also opened in the late 1930s.

## Limestone formation and asbestos

In the 1930s Prof Young from Wits did some studies here regarding Stromatolite. Asbestos mining also took place in the area. The Asbestos Mountains rise from the Ghaap Plateau and is called that due to the mining that took place in the 20th century

## Notable residents

Edwill van Aarde South African radio and television personality, grew up there.
# Wrap Your Love All Around Your Man

"Wrap Your Love All Around Your Man" is a 1977 hit song by country singer Lynn Anderson.
Best known for her Grammy Award-winning country and pop smash, "Rose Garden", from 1970, Lynn Anderson was one of country music's leading ladies throughout that decade. "Wrap Your Love All Around Your Man" was released and became a major hit on the country charts, peaking at number twelve, her first entry there since 1975.
The song's success was helped by exposure on an episode of the TV-series Starsky & Hutch that year, in which Anderson also guest starred as Sue Ann Granger. The song was very up-tempo and had an almost Disco beat. This was becoming fairly common at the time, country music had shifted towards more pop oriented songs; a movement in which Anderson was a key player for much of the decade. An album by the same name as the single was released mid-year of 1977.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1977) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles | 12 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 6 |
* This 1970s country song–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bryce, West Virginia

Bryce is an unincorporated community in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States.
The community was named in 1912 by railroad officials.
# Carl Friedrick Gartner Homestead

The Carl Friedrick Gartner Homestead, located west of South Dakota Highway 79 near Newell, South Dakota, was settled in 1882 and was proved up in 1892. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
The structure of greatest historical interest is a single pen log cabin with full dovetail notching which was built in 1882. It was moved to the present site from a timber claim not far away, in the 1890s. The structure was placed onto a concrete foundation in 1949. The site's original log barn and dugout house were destroyed long ago.
# List of years in Albania

This is a list of years in Albania. See also the timeline of Albanian history. For only articles about years in Albania that have been written, see Category:Years in Albania.

## Twenty-first century
### 2020s

    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2024
    2025
    2026
    2027
    2028
    2029

### 2010s

    2010
    2011
    2012
    2013
    2014
    2015
    2016
    2017
    2018
    2019

### 2000s

    2000
    2001
    2002
    2003
    2004
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2008
    2009

## Twentieth century
### 1990s

    1990
    1991
    1992
    1993
    1994
    1995
    1996
    1997
    1998
    1999

### 1980s

    1980
    1981
    1982
    1983
    1984
    1985
    1986
    1987
    1988
    1989

### 1970s

    1970
    1971
    1972
    1973
    1974
    1975
    1976
    1977
    1978
    1979

### 1960s

    1960
    1961
    1962
    1963
    1964
    1965
    1966
    1967
    1968
    1969

### 1950s

    1950
    1951
    1952
    1953
    1954
    1955
    1956
    1957
    1958
    1959

### 1940s

    1940
    1941
    1942
    1943
    1944
    1945
    1946
    1947
    1948
    1949

### 1930s

    1930
    1931
    1932
    1933
    1934
    1935
    1936
    1937
    1938
    1939

### 1920s

    1920
    1921
    1922
    1923
    1924
    1925
    1926
    1927
    1928
    1929

### 1910s

    1910
    1911
    1912
    1913
    1914
    1915
    1916
    1917
    1918
    1919

### 1900s

    1900
    1901
    1902
    1903
    1904
    1905
    1906
    1907
    1908
    1909

## Nineteenth century
### 1890s

    1890
    1891
    1892
    1893
    1894
    1895
    1896
    1897
    1898
    1899

### 1880s

    1880
    1881
    1882
    1883
    1884
    1885
    1886
    1887
    1888
    1889

### 1870s

    1870
    1871
    1872
    1873
    1874
    1875
    1876
    1877
    1878
    1879

### 1860s

    1860
    1861
    1862
    1863
    1864
    1865
    1866
    1867
    1868
    1869

### 1850s

    1850
    1851
    1852
    1853
    1854
    1855
    1856
    1857
    1858
    1859

### 1840s

    1840
    1841
    1842
    1843
    1844
    1845
    1846
    1847
    1848
    1849

### 1830s

    1830
    1831
    1832
    1833
    1834
    1835
    1836
    1837
    1838
    1839

### 1820s

    1820
    1821
    1822
    1823
    1824
    1825
    1826
    1827
    1828
    1829

### 1810s

    1810
    1811
    1812
    1813
    1814
    1815
    1816
    1817
    1818
    1819

### 1800s

    1800
    1801
    1802
    1803
    1804
    1805
    1806
    1807
    1808
    1809
# Dan Berkovitz

Dan Michael Berkovitz was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as a commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on April 24, 2018. He was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 28, 2018 and sworn into office on September 7, 2018 for a five-year term expiring on April 13, 2023.
On September 9, 2021, Berkovitz announced plans to leave the CFTC effective October 15, 2021. He subsequently announced that he would serve as general counsel for the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Prior to his appointment, Berkovitz was a partner and co-chair of the futures and derivatives practice at the law firm of WilmerHale. He also was an adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law School, and vice-chair of the American Bar Association Committee on Futures and Derivatives.
Berkovitz served as general counsel of the CFTC from 2009 to 2013 under then-chairman Gary Gensler. While serving in this role, he was the agency's deputy representative to the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC). Before the CFTC, Berkovitz was a senior staff lawyer for the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. He also served as Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management.
Berkovitz obtained a Bachelor of Arts in physics from Princeton University and a Juris Doctor from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. He and his wife Michelle have two children, Zoe and Eli.
# Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome

Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by jaw/chin, palate and rib abnormalities.

## Signs and symptoms

The following list comprises the most common symptoms people with this disorder exhibit:
* Severe micrognathia
* Thorax in the shape of a bell
* Cleft palate
* Neonatal respiratory difficulties
* Rib gaps
Common (but not the most) symptoms include:
* External auditory canal atresia
* Hearing loss
* Failure to thrive
* Glossoptosis
* Intellectual disabilities
* Fetal growth delays
* Kyphosis
* Short height
* Tracheomalacia
Not common but also not rare symptoms include:
* Fifth finger clinodactyly
* Cerebral calcification
* Hydranencephaly
* Meningocele
* Microcephaly
* Polycystic kidney dysplasia
* Myelomeningocele
* Porencephalic cyst
* Short, hard palate
* Spina bifida
* Ventricular septal defect
* Webbed neck

## Causes

This disorder is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the SNRPB gene, in chromosome 20.

## Epidemiology

Only 110 cases have been described in medical literature.
# Macrauzata

Macrauzata is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Drepaninae.

## Species

* Macrauzata fenestraria (Moore, [1868])
* Macrauzata maxima Inoue, 1960
* Macrauzata melanapex Inoue, 1993
* Macrauzata minor Okano, 1959
* Macrauzata submontana Holloway, 1976

## Undescribed species

* Macrauzata hyalinata Inoue, 1993 [manuscript name]
* Macrauzata limpidate Inoue, 1993 [manuscript name]