OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Archduke Ferdinand of Austria

There have been several men titled Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, including:
* Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria (1503–1564), who later ascended to the title of the Holy Roman Emperor
* Ferdinand II, Archduke of Inner Austria (1578–1637), who later ascended to the title of the Holy Roman Emperor
* Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria (1608–1657), who later ascended to the title of the Holy Roman Emperor
* Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria (1633–1654), who later ascended to the title of the King of the Romans, heir to the title of the Holy Roman Emperor
* Archduke Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Joseph (1863–1914), better known as Franz Ferdinand, was Heir to the Austrian throne from 1896 until he was assassinated in 1914, sparking World War I
Others who have held the title:
* Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria (1529–1595)
* Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias (1571–1578)
* Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria (1609/1610–1641)
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus of Austria-Este (1754–1806), fourth son and fourteenth child of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, commander of an Austrian army in the War of the Third Coalition
* Archduke Ferdinand Joseph Johann Baptist (1769–1824), second son of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, became Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (1781–1850), younger son of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus.
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl Leopold Joseph Franz Marcelin (1793–1875), eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, became Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria upon his father's death in 1835
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821–1849), younger son of Duke Francis IV of Modena
* Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph (1832–1867), second son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and brother of Emperor Franz Josef of Austria; became Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico in 1864
* Archduke Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Joseph Johann Maria (1868–1915), younger brother of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, abandoned his dynastic rights to marry Bertha Czuber in 1909
* Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (HI & RH, 1918–2004), married to Countess Helene (1937– ), only daughter of HIllH Carl Theodor, Count zu Toerring-Jettenbach and HRH Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark (a sister of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent)
* Archduke Ferdinand Zvonimir of Austria (born 1997), son of Archduke Karl of Austria, grandson of Crown Prince Otto of Austria, second-in-line to the headship of the House of Habsburg
# Bangweulu Batwa

Bangweulu Twa, or the BaTwa of the Bangweulu swamps, are one of several groups of Twa living in Zambia. Others are Kafwe Twa and Lukanga Twa. They are also known by the names BaTwa or Abatwa. While other Twa groups that are scattered across equatorial Africa are described as pygmy groups and averaging about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in height, the Bangweulu Twa are described as taller and at least partly of Bantu origin but they may be the descendants of former hunter-gatherer groups.
After the coming of various outside Bantu groups to the area, groups of Twa moved to swamps and marsh land territories in Zambia. In descriptions from the early 20th century Bangweulu Twa are said to live off the land, they had no domestic animals but cultivated around ant-hills and on other raised patches. Through trade with inland neighbours they got meal and grain.

## Eric von Rosen and the Bangweulu Twa

Eric von Rosen visited the Twa during his expedition in Bangweulu during 1911 and 1912 and calls them the "Swamp people". Von Rosen collected ethnographica and took photographs which are today in Sweden at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm and the Museum of World Culture in Gothenburg.

## After 1912

After von Rosens expedition the Lake dwellers have been steadily moving to the main land. Sleeping-sickness did play an important part in this process.
# GTW Generation 15

The GTW Generation 15 (GTW = "Gelenktriebwagen" or articulated railcar) is a suspended monorail train type operated by Wuppertaler Stadtwerke on the Wuppertal Schwebebahn since 2016.

## Technical specifications

Each set consists of three sections. The trains have a length of 24 m (78 ft 9 in), are 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) wide, and are powered by four asynchronous motors. The car bodies are made of welded aluminium.

## Interior

The trains have a capacity of 45 seated and 86 standing passengers, and are equipped with a wheelchair ramp and air conditioning.
* Interior

## History

31 sets were ordered in November 2011. The first set was unveiled in Wuppertal on 14 November 2016. On 18 December 2016, the first five trains entered service.
* The first set on delivery
# Paul Lacroix

Paul Lacroix (French:; 27 February 1806 – 16 October 1884) was a French author and journalist. He is known best by his pseudonym P.L. Jacob, bibliophile, or Bibliophile Jacob, suggested by his great interest in libraries and books generally.

## Biography

Lacroix was born in Paris, the son of a novelist. He was a prolific and varied writer, composing more than twenty historical romances and a variety of serious historical works, including histories of Napoleon III and of the Czar Nicholas I of Russia.
He was the joint author with Ferdinand Séré of a five-volume work, Le moyen âge et la renaissance (1847), a profusely illustrated standard work on the manners, customs and dress of the Renaissance. He also wrote many monographs on phases of the history of culture, including Manners, Custom and Dress During the Middle Ages and During the Renaissance Period. Someone using the name Pierre Dufour published an exhaustive six-volume Histoire de la prostitution (1851–1854), which has always been attributed to Lacroix. His works concerning bibliography were also numerous, as was his periodical Revue universelle des arts [Universal Review of the Arts], which he initiated in 1855. In 1855 he was appointed librarian of the Arsenal Library, Paris.
He married Apolline Biffe on 7 May 1834. She lived with Paul Lacroix's collaborator, art collector Théophile Thoré-Bürger, for more than a decade until his death.

## Works (selection)

* L’Origine des cartes à jouer, 1835
* L'Homme au Masque de Fer, 1837
* Bibliothèque de M. G. de Pixerécourt, 1838
* Bibliothèque dramatique de M. de Soleinne, 1843-1845
* Bibliothèque dramatique de Pont de Vesle, 1846
* Costumes historiques de la France d’après les monuments les plus authentiques, 1852
* Histoire de la prostitution, 1853
* Œuvres complètes de François Villon, nouvelle édition revue, corrigée et mise en ordre avec des notes historiques et littéraires, par P. L. Jacob, Bibliophile, Paris, P. Jannet, 1854
* Plus romanesque aventure de ma vie, Paris, P. Henneton, 1854 (read on Gallica).
* Ballets et mascarades de Cour, de Henri III à Louis XIV (1581-1652), 1868-1870
* Vie militaire et religieuse au Moyen Âge et à l’époque de la Renaissance, 1869
* Aventures de l’abbé de Choisy habillé en femme, 1870
* Mœurs, usages et costumes au Moyen Âge et à l’époque de la Renaissance, 1871-1877
* Œuvres poétiques de Marc-Claude de Buttet, 2 tomes, in -8, 1880.

## English translations published in the United States

* History of prostitution among all the peoples of the world: from the most remote antiquity to the present day 3. vol. (1926) Translated from the original French (Histoire de la prostitution, 1853) by Samuel Putnam
* Madame de Sévigné and Her Children at the Court of Versailles 1882 translated by J. Timothy Hunt, 2011, Adhemar Press, ISBN 9780578062754
* Danse Macabre [1832] translated by Brian Stableford, 2013, Black Coat Press, ISBN 9781612272054
# Louise Wischermann

Louise Wischermann (born February 25, 1974) is a former actress best known for her appearance in the science-fiction television series LEXX.
Louise Wischermann was born in Salvador, Brazil on 25 February 1974. At the age of 18, she went to Germany to study at the Gmelin München acting studio and then went on to act professionally. She is best known for her role as Lyekka, a flesh-eating plant life-form, in the science-fiction television series LEXX. Since giving up acting she has explored several business ventures.
Wischermann spends most of her time in Toronto. She is 169 cm (5'6.5")tall and enjoys such activities as skydiving, hang gliding, swimming, horse riding and volleyball. She is fluent in English, Portuguese and Spanish and speaks some German. Her favorite music genres are jazz and percussion. In 2005, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

## Filmography

* 1986–1989: Xou Da Xuxa (Pituxa)
* 1991: Filhos do Sol
* 1992: Marienhof
* 1998: Mallorca – Suche nach dem Paradies (Carmen Diaz)
* 1998-2001: Lexx: The Series (Lyekka, Lulu)
* 2000: Aquarela do Brasil
* 2000: Die Wache
* 2002: O Redentor
* 2002: This is Hollywood/Everything About Entertainment
* 2002: Luca's World Travel Show
# Akita Museum of Modern Art

Akita Museum of Modern Art (秋田県立近代美術館, Akita Kenritsu Kindai Bijutsukan) opened in Yokote, Akita Prefecture, Japan in 1994 and houses an important collection of Akita ranga .
# HMS Mounsey

Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Mounsey, after Captain William Mounsey:
* HMS Mounsey (1915) was an Yarrow M-class destroyer launched in 1915 and sold in 1921.
* HMS Mounsey (K569) was a Captain-class frigate launched in 1943 and returned to the US Navy in 1946.
# Team Phoenix

Team Phoenix may refer to:
* Phoenix Racing (German racing team) (established 1999), German motor racing team
* Team Phoenix F.C. (established 2017), a Burmese football club
* Team Phoenix True Crime YouTube (established March 2019), a true crime & victim advocacy community
# Argyractis berthalis

Argyractis berthalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Brazil (Parana, São Paulo).
The forewings are pale yellowish up to the subterminal line. The terminal area is yellowish brown with a terminal row of black dots. The hindwings are whitish.
# Arctostaphylos manzanita

One of many species of manzanita, Arctostaphylos manzanita has the common names common manzanita and whiteleaf manzanita.
Arctostaphylos manzanita is endemic to California, where it can be found in the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills. It is common on chaparral slopes and low-elevation coniferous forest ecosystems.

## Description

The Arctostaphylos manzanita leaves are bright shiny green, wedge-shaped and pointed. The small white flowers, only a quarter inch long, are cup-shaped and hang upside down. The fruits are berries which are white when new and turn red-brown as the summer wears on. The bark on the long, crooked branches is reddish, making the shrub easily identifiable as a manzanita. It grows into a twisted tree about 15 feet tall.
Like other manzanitas, this species has a hard, attractive wood that has proved useful for making tools and as firewood. The fruit is edible and has a pleasant tartness, but the seeds cause gastrointestinal upset if eaten in large quantities. It has historically been brewed into a cider, including by Native Americans. They are also consumed by bears and chipmunks.

## Subspecies

There are several subspecies:
* A. m. elegans - Konocti manzanita
* A. m. glaucescens - Whiteleaf manzanita
* A. m. laevigata - Contra Costa manzanita
* A. m. manzanita - Whiteleaf manzanita
* A. m. roofii - Roof's manzanita
* A. m. wieslanderi - Wieslander's manzanita
# Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. elegans

Arctostaphylos manzanita subsp. elegans, also known as the Konocti manzanita, is a subspecies of the Common manzanita. It is endemic to California. It was originally described at the rank of species as Arctostaphylos elegans in 1893 by Willis Linn Jepson. It was reduced to a subspecies of Arctostaphylos manzanita by Philipp Vincent Wells in 1968.
# Arctic policy of Finland

Arctic Policy of Finland is Finland's foreign relations with other Arctic countries, and Finland's government policies on issues occurring within the geographic boundaries of "the Arctic" or related to the Arctic or its peoples. Since Finland is itself an Arctic nation, with roughly one third of its territory existing above the Arctic Circle, the Arctic Policy of Finland includes its domestic policies as regards the Finnish Arctic region. Finland's Strategy for the Arctic Region was released June 4, 2010 and concentrates on seven priorities: security, environment, economy, infrastructure, indigenous peoples, institutions and the European Union.
Diplomatically, Finland was integral in the creation of the Arctic Council and remains an active member. Indeed, Finland will be Chair of the Arctic Council in 2017-18 making for increased emphasis on Arctic policy during that time. Specifically, Finland is calling for making the Arctic Council a more robust treaty-making organization and for hosting a meeting of leaders of the eight Arctic nations during their Chairmanship. Finland has also been involved in the Barents Euro-Arctic Council since its creation in 1993. Finland emphasizes the importance of the Arctic Council as a forum for discussion and decision making and suggests strengthening the council by installing better burden-sharing and a joint budget, establishing a permanent secretariat, expanding the normative role of the council, enhancing interaction with non-Arctic actors and creating a Communications and Outreach Strategy for the council. Finland also offers to host a high-level Arctic Summit to discuss the environmental concerns of natural resource exploitation, the legitimacy of different actors in the Arctic and the future of the Arctic Council.
Finland is also an EU member, one of only three (along with Sweden and Denmark) Arctic nations, which give it a heightened role in the EU's Arctic Policy and similarly, give the EU a significant role in the Finnish Arctic strategy. Finland supports EU admittance as a permanent observer member of the Arctic Council. In recent years, geopolitical tensions with Russia and repeated military intrusions into Finnish airspace have reinvigorated a debate in Finland about cooperation with NATO, and made Finland join NATO as of 2023 .
# Bruce Bingham

Bruce Potter Bingham (March 10, 1940 – November 1, 2022) designed sailboats including the Flicka 20 and, on the larger end, the Fantasia 35, Anastasia 32, and the Andromeda 48.
Bingham was also an author, having written Workbench, a longstanding column in Cruising World magazine. He also wrote a number of sailing books including Ferro Cement: Design, Techniques and Applications and Cruising Sketchbook.
Bingham was born in Detroit. He died on November 1, 2022, aged 82.

## Designs

Bingham's designs include:
* Flicka 20 - 1974
* Andromeda 48 - 1976
* Fantasia 35 - 1976
* Anastasia 32 - 1977
* Allegra 24 - 1984
# Browns Creek Bike Path

Browns Creek Bike Path is a Class I bike path that is “tucked away from the surrounding hustle and bustle” of the San Fernando Valley, “hugging the side” of the Browns Canyon Wash.
The path begins at Lassen Street, just east of Chatsworth Metrolink Station, and ends just north of Rinaldi Street near Stoney Point Park.
Browns Creek (sometimes called Brown’s Creek), a tributary of the Los Angeles River, offers “splendid views of the irregularly shaped Santa Susana mountains rising to the west.” One local writer observed, “What [the concrete-lined creek] lacks in scenery, it compensates for by providing the trail with an open, airy setting.”
The route has been described as “very rustic” (for an urban bike path, of course). The wash passes through a neighborhood with equestrian zoning and “Opposite the bike route, in the west levee, a horse trail also follows the creek.” Domestic goats, roosters and ponies have also been seen along the path.
At Chatsworth station, bicyclists can connect to the G Line Bikeway.
The path is in close proximity to Chatsworth Park North and Chatsworth Park South (both operated by the City of Los Angeles Parks Department) and Chatsworth Nature Preserve.
Both Chatsworth Parks, “excellent parks…[with] interesting hills and rock formations there, as well as pleasant shaded rest areas” are accessible from Valley Circle Road. Riders can create an approximately 6.3-mile (10.1 km) loop beginning at either end of the Browns Creek route, connecting to Valley Circle Road via either Chatsworth Street or Lassen Street.
# Turbott's weevil

Turbott's weevil (Anagotus turbotti) is a weevil that is endemic to New Zealand. It has been found on the Hen and Chicken Islands, the Poor Knights Islands and the Three Kings Islands.

## Taxonomy

New Zealand entomologist Donald Spiller first described this species in 1942, originally named as Phaeophanus turbotti. The description was based on two specimens collected by E. G. Turbott from the Poor Knights Islands in November 1940, leading the weevil to be named in honour of its collector. Turbott's weevil was recombined into the genus Anagotus in 1982 by Guillermo Kuschel.

## Description

Turbott's weevil is one of the largest and most colourful of New Zealand's endemic weevils. This species is flightless and ranges in length from 18-25mm. It has conspicuous white markings and obvious tubercles.

## Life cycle

The larvae of Turbott's weevils are wood borers and have been discovered in several different tree species. However they are most commonly found in ngaio and karaka trees.

## Distribution and habitat

The locality from which the type specimen of this species was collected is the island of Aorangi. As well as the Poor Knights Islands, Turbott's weevil can also be found on the Three Kings Islands and on Muriwhenua of the Hen and Chicken Islands. Adult beetles have been collected from Myoporum laetum and Corynocarpus laevigatus.

## Behaviour

Adult weevils are active both day and night and have been observed consuming the leaves of the ngaio tree.

## Predation

The Turbott's weevil is prone to rat predation. This is due to it being large and slow moving. The extinction of its sister species, Anagotus stephenensis from the mainland was probably due to rat predation. The Turbott's weevil was probably more widespread historically, but is now only found on predator-free islands.

## Conservation status and efforts

In September 2006 the Department of Conservation translocated 30 Turbott's weevils from Muriwhenua Island to Lady Alice Island, a predator free Island also in the Hen and Chicken Islands group. This was done in the hope that they would become established on that Island. To assist with their establishment the weevils were placed inside cages situated in West Bay containing tree species the weevils are known to consume.
Turbott's weevil are protected under Schedule 7 of The 1953 Wildlife Act, making it an offense to hunt, kill or possess a specimen.
# Bror Hannes Päivänsalo

Bror Hannes (B. H.) Päivänsalo (1 January 1875 – 23 August 1933; surname until 1906 Helander) was a Finnish Lutheran pastor and politician, born in Turku. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1917 to 1919 and from 1929 to 1933, representing the Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Coalition Party after that.
# Tulla Upper

Tulla Upper (or Tullagh Upper) is a barony in County Clare, Ireland. This ancient geographical division of land is in turn divided into seven civil parishes.

## Legal context

Baronies were created after the Norman invasion of Ireland as divisions of counties and were used the administration of justice and the raising of revenue. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they have been administratively obsolete since 1898. However, they continue to be used in land registration and in specification, such as in planning permissions. In many cases, a barony corresponds to an earlier Gaelic túath which had submitted to the Crown.

## Location

Tulla Upper lies in the north-east of County Clare.
It is bounded to the north-west, north and north-east by the county of Galway. Lough Derg separates it from the county of Tipperary. Within the county of Clare, it is bounded by the baronies of Tulla Lower (to the south and south-west) and by Bunratty Upper (to the west).

## Terrain

The barony covers 96,730 acres (39,150 ha) of which 2,911 acres (1,178 ha) are water. The land is mostly moorish upland, with peaks rising to 1,312 feet (400 m) in the north. It includes the Scarriff bay of Lough Derg, and loughs O’Grady, Bridget, Anilloon, Kilgory, Culausheeda, Ea, and Graney.

## Parishes and settlements

Until 1898 the parishes of Clonrush and most of Inishcaltra were in the barony of Leitrim in County Galway. That year they were transferred to Tulla Upper and County Clare. The barony contains the parishes of Clonrush, Feakle, Kilnoe, Moynoe, Tomgraney and Tulla and Inishcaltra. The main villages are Scarriff, Tulla, Tomgraney, Feakle and Baurroe.
# Tull en 't Waal

Tull en 't Waal is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Until 1962, it was a separate municipality, but now it is a part of the municipality of Houten. Originally, there were two villages: 't Waal, at the site of the present village; and Tull, more to the south. It also has a ferry connection to the town of Culemborg. It is located close to the Lek River.

## History

Tull is first mentioned in 1155 as "in loco qui dicitur Tylle". The etymology is unclear. 't Waal was first mentioned in 1307 as Wale, and means "pool after a dike breach". In 1504, the hamlets are first mentioned as Tul ende tWael. The village is a 12th century peat excavation project along the Waalsewetering. The church is a medieval building which was extensively modified in 1778 and 1890. The hamlet Honswijk [nl] used to be part of the village, but was transferred to Schalkwijk. In 1840, Tull en 't Waal was home to 532 people.
Werk aan de Waalse Wetering is a military fortification as part of the Dutch Water Line. It was constructed in 1815, and has bomb proof barracks. The fort became obsolete after the investion of the air plane. It was later used by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen to store bridging material. In 1999, it was converted into a tea house and camping.

## Gallery

* Protestant Church
* Barracks of the Waalse Wetering
* Fort watchman house
* Street view
# Tulla (disambiguation)

Tulla is a town in County Clare, Ireland.
Tulla may also refer to:

## People

* Johann Gottfried Tulla (1770–1828), German engineer who straightened the Rhine
* Tulla Blomberg Ranslet (born 1928), Norwegian painter

## Other uses

* Tulla Lower, a barony in County Clare, Ireland
* Tulla Upper, a barony in County Clare, Ireland
* Tulla exonoma, a species of moth in the monotypic genus Tulla
* Loch Tulla in Scotland
* CityLink and Tullamarine Freeway In Melbourne, Victoria
# Argyrotaenia provana

Argyrotaenia provana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona, British Columbia, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Washington and Wyoming.
The wingspan is about 19 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from June to October.
The larvae feed on Abies concolor, Abies magnifica and Pseudotsuga menziesii.
# Arkhale

Arkhale may refer to:
* Arkhale, Lumbini
* Arkhale, Sagarmatha
# Brotherhood of Asian Trade Unions

The Brotherhood of Asian Trade Unions (BATU) was a federation bringing together trade unionists in Asia.

## History

The federation was established on 20 December 1963, at a conference in Manila. It was a regional federation of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, with the Federation of Free Workers being its leading affiliate. By 1974, it had affiliates from 9 countries, representing a total of 5 million members.
In September 2007, it merged with the ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation to form the ITUC Regional Organisation for Asia and Pacific.

## Leadership
### General Secretaries

    1963: Johnny Tan
    1974:
    Necie Lucero

### Presidents

    1963: Trivedi Parmanand
    1965: Tran Quoc Buu
    1974: Johnny Tan
    2015: Anton Lodwick