OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Adam (diplomat)

David Graeme Adam (born 1941) is a Canadian diplomat. He was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ecuador and Panama.
Born in Toronto, Ontario, Adam graduated from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in 1968.
In 1973, when Adam was a first secretary in Chile, he gained some notoriety when he and his colleague Marc Dolgin offered refuge in their homes to about fourteen Chileans fleeing the 11 September coup d'état. Canada's response to the coup was initially ambivalent, and some credit the actions of Adam and Dolgin for the Canadian government's decision to permit Chilean refugees to settle in Canada. Adam reports that he is quoted (anonymously) in the 1982 film Missing, a dramatization of the story of American journalist Charles Horman, who disappeared in the aftermath of the coup.
# Herman Theodoor Colenbrander

Herman Theodoor Colenbrander (13 December 1871 in Drachten – 8 October 1945 in Leiden) was a Dutch historian, the first director of the Commissie van Advies voor 's Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, which has become the Institute of Dutch History.
In 1908 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Between 1918 and 1925 he worked as a History professor at Leiden University, where his subject was "The history of the Dutch East Indies and history of Method in (christian) Mission" (de "geschiedenis van Nederlandsch-Indië en de geschiedenis van de methode der zending"). In 1925 the university promoted him to the Professorship in National History.
# R-value (soils)

The R-Value test measures the response of a compacted sample of soil or aggregate to a vertically applied pressure under specific conditions. This test is used by Caltrans for pavement design, replacing the California bearing ratio test. Many other agencies have adopted the California pavement design method, and specify R-Value testing for subgrade soils and road aggregates.
The test method states:
    The R-value of a material is determined when the material is in a state of saturation such that water will be exuded from the compacted test specimen when a 16.8 kN load (2.07 MPa) is applied. Since it is not always possible to prepare a test specimen that will exude water at the specified load, it is necessary to test a series of specimens prepared at different moisture contents.
R-Value is used in pavement design, with the thickness of each layer dependent on the R-value of the layer below and the expected level of traffic loading, expressed as a Traffic Index. Details of the pavement design procedure are given in Chapter 600 of the California Highway Design Manual.
# R.

R. or r. may refer to:
* Reign, the period of time during which an Emperor, king, queen, etc., is ruler
* Rex, abbreviated as R., the Latin word meaning King
* Regina, abbreviated as R., the Latin word meaning Queen
* Regnavit or rexit, abbreviated as r., used in historiography to designate the ruling period of a person in dynastic power, to distinguish from his or her lifespan (e.g. "Charles V (r. 1519–1556)")
* Abbreviation R., meaning Rex or Regina. Commonly used for criminal prosecution in Commonwealth realms where offences are brought in the name of the monarch (e.g. "R. v Defendant")
* R., an album by American singer R. Kelly
# Herbert Charles Woodcock

Herbert Charles Woodcock (2 June 1871 – 18 January 1950) was a British businessman and Conservative Party politician.
The son of Charles Woodcock of Smethwick and his wife, Annie (née Robertson) of Bristol, he entered business and local politics in the latter city. He was an alderman on Bristol City Council for many years and a member of the Bristol Stock Exchange from 1898.
He was a director of a number of public companies including the Metropolitan Cinema Investment Corporation Limited and the British Benzol and Coal Distillation Limited.
Woodcock held a commission in the Volunteer Force and its successor the Territorial Force, and in 1911 became commanding officer of the 6th Battalion, the Gloucestershire Regiment. With the outbreak of war in 1914 he mobilised with the battalion, serving on the Western Front and in Italy.
Woodcock was elected at the 1922 general election as the member of parliament (MP) for Thornbury division of Gloucestershire, defeating the sitting Liberal MP Athelstan Rendall by a majority only 104 votes (0.3% of the total). However, he lost the seat to Rendall at the next election, in 1923.
Woodcock returned to Parliament a year later, when he was elected at the 1924 general election as MP for the Everton division of Liverpool. He held that seat until the 1929 general election, which he did not contest.
He was appointed in November 1922 as a deputy lieutenant of Gloucestershire. He was master of the court of the Worshipful Company of Wheelwrights, a Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur and a Commander of the Order of St John of Jerusalem. He also served as vice-president of the Royal Life Saving Society.
He died at his home in Clifton, Bristol in January 1950, aged 78.
# Quick time

Quick time may refer to:
* Quick time (pace) a pace of a military step
* Quick time event
* Quick Time steps in Scottish highland dancing
* QuickTime
# Ajethna

Ajethna or Ajadina is a dry gravyless vegetable curry. Ajadina means dried in the Tulu language. The ajethna is eaten along with plain cooked rice as part of Udupi cuisine. The vegetables generally used in ajethna are cluster beans, french beans, beetroot, snake gourd, bitter gourd, ladies finger, and others.
# Herbert Parkin

Herbert Edward Parkin (14 August 1908 – 1998) was a British trade unionist and politician.
Born in Waingroves in Derbyshire, Parkin left school aged fourteen to work at the Hartshay Colliery. This pit closed in 1931, but he found work at New Langley Colliery. There, he opposed the introduction of subcontracting, known as the "butty" system, and as a result became active in the Derbyshire Miners' Association (DMA).
In 1937, Parkin was elected as checkweighman at New Langley, and also to the local branch committee of the DMA. From 1941, he was the pit's delegate to the DMA council. He also became active in the Labour Party and was elected to Heanor Urban District Council in 1946. In 1948, he became president of his local DMA branch, and from 1951, he was vice-chair of Heanor UDC.
Parkin was elected as vice-president of the reconstituted Derbyshire Area of the National Union of Mineworkers in 1951. The following year, the post of president became open, and he won the election, serving until 1966, when he took over as the union's general secretary, serving until his retirement in 1973.
# Al-Bayan al-Mughrib

Kitāb al-bayān al-mughrib fī ākhbār mulūk al-andalus wa'l-maghrib (Book of the Amazing Story of the History of the Kings of al-Andalus and Maghreb) by Ibn Idhāri (var. Ibn Athari) of Marrakech in the Maghreb (now Morocco); an important medieval Arabic history of the Maghreb and Iberia, written at Marrakech ca. 1312 / 712 AH . Generally known by its shorter title al-Bayān al-Mughrib (The Amazing Story; البيان المغرب), or even just as the Bayān, it is valued by modern researchers as a unique source of information, and for its preservation of excerpts from lost works.
Ibn Idhāri divides the work into three parts:
* History of the Maghreb from the coming of Islam to the twelfth century
* History of Al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia) over the same period
* History of the Almoravids and Almohads
The Arabic text of the first two parts was first published in a Latin edition by Reinhart Dozy (1848-52); a second corrected edition of these two parts was published in 1948 by Colin and Levi-Provençal.
Several Spanish translations include a notable version by Ambrosio Huici Miranda, who originally published a part of the text as an anonymous work based on manuscripts from Madrid and Copenhagen and later the full text under Ibn Idhāri's name. A French translation by Fagnan (1901) based on Dozy's edition, received unfavourable reviews. However to date few translations of this work have been published.
Portions of the incomplete and insect-damaged manuscript of the third part were discovered in the 20th century. Despite lacking the beginning and end and several folios, the preserved MS fragments importantly provide for the correction of many of errors and information omitted by the more widely known Rawd al-Qirtas. An Arabic edition published by Ihsan Abbas (Beirut, 1983) includes the incomplete Part 3.
# Ancilla reboriae

Ancilla reboriae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.

## Original Description

* Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Goto Y. (2018). New marine species from the Central Philippines. Visaya. 5(1): 91-135. page(s): 102, pl. 8 figs 1-3.
# Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care is a monthly peer-reviewed medical review journal covering pediatric and adolescent medicine. It was established in 1970 as Current Problems in Pediatrics, obtaining its current name in 2001. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Arthur Fierman (New York University School of Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.327.
# Beli Breg, Bulgaria

Beli Breg is a village in Boychinovtsi Municipality, Montana Province, north-western Bulgaria.
# Prunus mongolica

Prunus mongolica (the Mongolian almond) is a species of Prunus native to China and Mongolia, particularly the Gobi Desert. A small scrubby bush, reaching 1–2 m, it is adapted to extreme drought. Genetic studies have shown that it is more closely related to the peaches, with its closest relative being Prunus tangutica.
# Belotić (Vladimirci)

Belotić is a village in the municipality of Vladimirci, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 552 people.
# George Wilson Becton

George Wilson Becton was the "first of the colorful cult leaders in Harlem." He began charismatic preaching in about 1930, after the decline of Marcus Garvey, and continued until he was mysteriously murdered in 1933.
Becton's sermons were formal and presented in a dignified setting, with orchestral music and liveried pages. He was kidnapped and shot to death on May 25, 1933. He died without describing his attackers or explaining why anybody might have wanted him killed.
Claude McKay wrote about Becton in his book Harlem, Negro Metropolis.
# Athletics at the 1959 Pan American Games – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

The women's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 1959 Pan American Games was held at the Soldier Field in Chicago on 2 September.

## Results

| Rank | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| | United States | Isabelle Daniels, Wilma Rudolph, Lucinda Williams, Barbara Jones | 46.4 |
| | Panama | Marcela Daniel, Jean Holmes-Mitchell, Carlota Gooden, Silvia Hunte | 48.2 |
| | Canada | Heather Campbell, Maureen Rever, Sally McCallum, Valerie Jerome | 48.5 |
| 4 | Brazil | Odette Domingos, Iris dos Santos, Wanda dos Santos, Maria de Lima | 51.8 |
| 5 | Mexico | Guillermina Rodríguez, Alicia Cárdenas, Yolanda Vinocourt, Rosalia Ridauro | 52.3 |
# Byung-ho

Byung-ho, also spelled Byong-ho or Pyong-ho, is a Korean masculine given name. The meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 17 hanja with the reading "byung" and 49 hanja with the reading "ho" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names. According to South Korean government data, Byung-ho was the third-most popular name for baby boys in 1940.
People with this name include:
* Jon Pyong-ho (born 1926), North Korean politician
* Son Byong-ho (born 1962), South Korean actor
* Shin Byung-ho (born 1977), South Korean football player
* Park Byung-ho (born 1986), South Korean baseball player
# Pterodontia flavipes

Pterodontia flavipes is a species of small-headed flies (insects in the family Acroceridae). Adult males are 5.5–10.5 mm in size, while adult females are 5–9 mm. The larvae are thought to enter their host spiders at the leg articulations. First instar larvae of the species have also been recorded attacking the mites Podothrombium and Abrolophus.
# Pterolophia carinulata

Pterolophia carinulata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Proviso

Proviso means a conditional provision to an agreement. It may refer to
* Proviso Township, Cook County, Illinois, United States
** Proviso Township High Schools District 209 that comprises
*** Proviso East High School
*** Proviso West High School
*** Proviso Mathematics and Science Academy
* Wilmot Proviso, an American law to ban slavery in annexed territory from Mexico proposed by David Wilmot in the 1840s
* Lockean proviso, a feature of John Locke's labour theory of property
# Pseudoeurycea teotepec

Pseudoeurycea teotepec, commonly known as the Teotepec salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and only known from its type locality, southern slope of Cerro Teotepec (Sierra Madre del Sur) in Guerrero, at about 3,425 m (11,237 ft) asl.

## Description

The type series consists of a single female (holotype) that measures 62 mm (2.4 in) in snout–vent length; the tail is relatively short at 51 mm (2.0 in). The body is thick with short limbs. The dorsum is black with slightly greenish, cream-colored iridophore patches that are most pronounced on sides of body, limbs, and on entire length of tail. The venter is black with some tiny, widely scattered, cream-colored iridophore patches, the largest one is at the tip of the tail.

## Habitat and conservation

The species inhabits moist areas with abundant moss in pine-fir forests. The holotype was found under a moist log.
The species has not been recorded after 1960s when it was first discovered, despite repeated later searches. It appears to have declined significantly. Logging has taken place on Cerro Teotepec; logging and expanding small scale agriculture are possible future threats.
# Daniel Hughes (Gaelic footballer)

Daniel Hughes is a Gaelic football player from County Down, Northern Ireland. He plays for the Down senior inter county football team and for his club Saval.
He scored three points in the 2010 All-Ireland Football Final where Down were defeated 0-15 to 0-16 by Cork.
In October 2010, Hughes was named in the 2010 All-Star football team for his performances for Down during the 2010 season, it was his first All Star award. In November 2010, Hughes was also named in the 2010 GPA Gaelic Football team of the year. Daniel brother Johnny played for London in 2009 where Down played London. Hughes supports Liverpool F.C.
# Aegomorphus consentaneus

Aegomorphus consentaneus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Thomson in 1865.
# Aegomorphus flavitarsis

Aegomorphus flavitarsis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1962.
# Aeneator galatheae

Aeneator galatheae is a species of sea snail, a whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tudiclidae.
# Aeneator marshalli separabilis

Aeneator marshalli separabilis is a subspecies of large sea snail, a whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tudiclidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 53 mm, its diameter 24 mm.

## Distribution

This subspecies is endemic to New Zealand and occurs off North Island, Bay of Plenty
# Aeneas of Paris

Aeneas of Paris (died 27 December 870) was bishop of Paris from 858 to 870. He is best known as the author of one of the controversial treatises against the Byzantines ("Greeks"), called forth by the encyclical letters of Photius. His comprehensive Liber adversus Græcos deals with the procession of the Holy Spirit, the marriage of the clergy, fasting, the consignatio infantium, the clerical tonsure, the Roman primacy, and the elevation of deacons to the see of Rome. He declares that the accusations brought by the Greeks against the Latins are "superfluous questions having more relation to secular matters than to spiritual."
The work is mainly a collection of quotations or "sentences," from Greek and Latin Church Fathers, the former translated.
In his Epistola tractoria ad Wenilonem, written about 856, Prudentius of Troyes makes his approval of the ordination of Aeneas as the new Bishop of Paris depend on the latter's subscription to four articles favouring a double predestination.

## Sources

* This article incorporates text from a publication in the public domain: Hauck, A. (1914). "Aeneas of Paris". In Jackson, Samuel Macauley (ed.). New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls. p. 58.
# Hasan Lahiji

Hasan Lahiji (1621-1709), also known as Kashefi or Mirza Hasan, was a Shia theologian and philosopher in the Safavid period. His written works are primarily on the philosophy of the Shia imamate.

## Background

Hasan Lahiji was the son of Molla Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji and the grandson of Molla Sadra Shirazi. He studied in Qom until his death.
Mirza Hasan lived during the late Safavid dynasty and stood opposed to Hikmah and Irfan (against the Shia tradition of kalam al-hikmat al-ilåhiyyah). Shia Kalam replaced Kalam in this period, so Mirza Hasan learned Kalam and philosophy to defend the Shia theological teachings. He first wrote about Hikmah to explain the relationship between Hikmah and Sufism. Other esoteric religious authorities rejected him because he wrote about Hikmah. After his rejection he began to write about Ethics and Kalam.

## Works

Mirza Hasan wrote many works on Shia philosophy and Kalam. Both Ashtyani and Nasr referred to his works. According to Corbin, most of his works still exist as manuscripts. Some of his works include
* Zawahir al-hikam (written in Arabic) Zawahir [sg. Zahir, flower]; Hikam [sg. Hikmah]
* Ayineh-ye hikmah (Mirror of Philosophy)
* Rawai al hikmah.
* Ithbat al-Rajah.
* Sham Al-yaqin.
* Glosses upon Shawariq written by his father.
# Adolph Winkler Goodman

Adolph Winkler Goodman (July 20, 1915 – July 30, 2004) was an American mathematician who contributed to number theory, graph theory and to the theory of univalent functions: The conjecture on the coefficients of multivalent functions named after him is considered the most interesting challenge in the area after the Bieberbach conjecture, proved by Louis de Branges in 1985.

## Life and work

In 1948, he made a mathematical conjecture on coefficients of ρ-valent functions, first published in his Columbia University dissertation thesis and then in a closely following paper. After the proof of the Bieberbach conjecture by Louis de Branges, this conjecture is considered the most interesting challenge in the field, and he himself and coauthors answered affirmatively to the conjecture for some classes of ρ-valent functions. His researches in the field continued in the paper Univalent functions and nonanalytic curves, published in 1957: in 1968, he published the survey Open problems on univalent and multivalent functions, which eventually led him to write the two-volume book Univalent Functions.
Apart from his research activity, He was actively involved in teaching: he wrote several college and high school textbooks including Analytic Geometry and the Calculus, and the five-volume set Algebra from A to Z.
He retired in 1993, became a Distinguished Professor Emeritus in 1995, and died in 2004.

## Selected works

* Goodman, A.W. (1968). Modern calculus with analytic geometry. Modern Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Vol. 2. Macmillan. LCCN 67015537.
* Goodman, A.W.; Ratti, J.S. (1979). Finite mathematics with applications. Macmillan. ISBN 9780023447600. LCCN 78005799.
* Goodman, A.W. (1983). Univalent functions. Univalent Functions. Vol. 1. Mariner Pub. Co. ISBN 9780936166100. LCCN 83007930.
* Goodman, A.W. (1983). Univalent functions. Univalent Functions. Vol. 2. Mariner Pub. Co. ISBN 9780936166117. LCCN 83007930.
* Goodman, A.W. (1963). Analytic geometry and the calculus. Collier-MacMillan student editions. Macmillan. ISBN 9780023449604. LCCN 63008395.
* Goodman, A.W. (1968). The Pleasures of Math, by A. W. Goodman.
* Goodman, A.W.; Patton, B.M. (1980). The mainstream of algebra and trigonometry. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 9780395267653. LCCN 79090059.
* Goodman, A.W.; Ratti, J.S. (1979). Mathematics for Management and Social Sciences. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 9780030221613. LCCN 78011841.
* Goodman, A.W.; Saff, E.B. (1981). Calculus, Concepts and Calculations. Macmillan. ISBN 9780023447402. LCCN 79026449.
* Goodman A.W. (1977). Concise Review of Algebra and Trigonometry. Saunders. ISBN 9780721641614.
* Goodman A.W. (1980). Instructor's Manual Analytic Geometry and the Calculus. Macmillan. ISBN 9780023449901.
* Goodman A.W. (1948). On Some Determinants Related to P-valent Functions. Columbia university. LCCN a48009674.
* Goodman A.W. (1941). Sturm-Liouville Differential Equations. University of Cincinnati.
* Goodman A.W. (1939). An Analytical Consideration of Fractional Crystallization Problems in N-component Systems. University of Cincinnati.
# Hawthorne Gardening Company

Hawthorne Gardening Company, formed in October 2014, is The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company's subsidiary for cannabis growers and one of the first major investments by a major United States corporation in the cannabis industry.

## Background

Hawthorne Gardening was created "to meet the demands of hydroponic growers (a.k.a. cannabis growers) ... [it] markets itself [to them] using language that's in line with the free-spirited, artisanal cannabis farmer." The business made its first cannabis-related investment in April 2015, when it bought General Hydroponics, a 35-year old liquid nutrient maker, called by High Times "the standard for hydroponic growers". After the 2015 purchase, a Hawthorne executive told the press, "the lion's share of General Hydroponics business in North America is cannabis growers". Scotts' CEO decided to spin off a cannabis business after a 2013 visit to a garden store in Yakima, Washington with a large section of hydroponic equipment. According to Forbes, Scotts had invested more than $250 million in the subsidiary by mid 2016. In March 2018, the Hawthorne Gardening Company and The Flowr Corporation (a Canadian Licensed Producer of medical cannabis) announced an R&D partnership, building North America's first dedicated facility for cannabis research and development.
# Dangemannia

Dangemannia is a genus of green algae in the family Oltmannsiellopsidaceae.
The genus name of Dangemannia is in honour of Pierre Jean Louis Dangeard (1895–1970), who was a French botanist and Peter Kornmann (1907–1993), a German botanist.
The genus was circumscribed by Thomas Friedl and Charles J. O'Kelly in Eur. J. Phycol. Vol.37 on page 382 in 2002.
# Adonit

Adonit also refer to a chemical compound (adonitol or ribitol) which is a polyalcohol. It is used as a cryopreservation agent.
Adonit is a privately owned multinational corporation based in Austin, Texas and Taipei, Taiwan. Founded in 2010 with a Kickstarter campaign, the company provides consumer electronics and software, including capacitive styluses, mobile apps and SDKs primarily for the Apple iPad.
In 2012, Adonit launched Jot Touch, its first connected bluetooth stylus with pressure sensitivity. It was regarded as the most precise pressure-sensitive stylus for the iPad. In 2013, Adonit developed Pixelpoint technology to build the first 1.9 mm tip, making it the smallest iOS stylus tip on the market. Jot Script, the first stylus with Pixelpoint technology, was designed to provide a natural handwriting experience for notetakers.