OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BY1

BY1 is a taxonomically unidentified basidiomycete fungus. ITS sequencing has placed it in the Russulales and is referred to as a stereaceous basidiomycete. Chemotaxonomically supporting its placement in this group, it produces fomannoxins and vibralactones. The fungus' mycelia were isolated from dead aspen in Minnesota, USA. It is presumed to decompose wood by white rot.
The mycelium can be grown on YMG agar at room temperature (4 g/L d-glucose, 4 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L malt extract, 18 g/L agar). The culture can be obtained at the Jena Microbial Resource Collection registration number SF:011241.
When the mycelia is wounded by scalpel damage, a yellow pigment appears. These pigments were identified as polyenes by characteristic UV-Vis spectra. The structures of the polyenes were determined by NMR. They were identified as 1) (3Z,5E,7E,9E,11E,13Z,15E,17E)-18-methyl-19-oxoicosa-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoic acid; and 2) (3E,5Z,7E,9E,11E,13E,15Z,17E,19E)-20-methyl-21-oxodocosa-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-nonaenoic acid. The shorter polyene was found to be highly toxic against Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Feeding experiments with [1-13C]acetate revealed a polyketidic origin, and feeding experiments with l-[methyl-13C]methionine revealed methyl branching likely via S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase(s). Additionally, MALDI-TOF imaging at the mycelial wounding site identified these poylenes as localized at the wounded area. Two putative alleles of polyketide genes were identified, referred to as PPS1 and PPS2. QRT-PCR monitoring of PPS1 showed up-regulation of this gene after mycelial wounding. The domain architecture was the following for PPS1: KS, AT, DH, MT, KR, ACP, and thus was classified as a highly-reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS). This was the first characterized HR-PKS of basidiomycetic origin and forms its own clade in comparison to ascomycete HR-PKSs, bacterial polyene-forming PKSs, basidiomycete non-reducing PKSs, and ascomycete non-reducing PKSs. This research was highlighted in the media several times.
The fungus also produces fomannoxins and vibralactones. The famonnixins were found to be phytotoxic and the vibralactones were found to be antifungal.
Additionally, a new prenylphenol, termed cloquetin, was identified from the fungus by NMR. Overexpression of two annotated non-reducing polyketide synthases (PKS1 and PKS2) in Aspergillus niger and subsequent characterization of the proteins identified them as orsellinic acid synthases. A prenyltransferase gene, termed BYPB, was overexpressed in E. coli and the subsequent protein was confirmed to add a prenyl group to orsellinic acid.
# Kay Warren (author)

Kay Warren (born Elizabeth Kay Lewis; February 9, 1954) is an American author, international speaker, Bible teacher and mental health advocate. She is the co-founder of the sixth-largest evangelical megachurch in the United States, Saddleback Church. Her ministry is headquartered in Lake Forest, California.

## Early and personal life and education

Warren was born in San Diego, California, to Reverend B. LaVern and Bobbie Lewis. She attended California Baptist College in Riverside, California, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from California State University, Los Angeles in 1976.
Warren married Rick Warren on June 21, 1975, and has three children: daughter Amy Warren Hilliker (born 1979), son Joshua Warren (born 1981), and son Matthew Warren (1985–2013).

## Ministry

Saddleback Church launched with seven people as a Bible study group in 1980. During that same year, the first service took place in a high school gymnasium on Easter Sunday. In 2017 the church attendance was 22,000 people.
In 2004, Warren founded both the HIV/AIDS and orphan care initiatives at Saddleback Church. Through global summits about HIV/AIDS and civil forums held at the church, Warren and her husband gathered the private and public sectors with the faith community to promote HIV prevention, treatment and care, as well as advocating for orphaned children. Guest speakers at these events included President Barack Obama (then senator), President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush, President Paul Kagame of Rwanda, First Daughter Jenna Bush Hager, Senator Hillary Clinton, Senator John McCain, Bono, Ambassador Mark R. Dybul, United States Global AIDS Coordinator, and Dr. Peter Piot, director of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Warren became an advocate for people living with mental illness and suicide prevention when her son, Matthew, took his life in 2013. Warren founded the Hope for Mental Health Initiative at Saddleback Church in 2014 and serves as an executive committee board member for the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention.
Warren was named on The Orange County Register's 100 Most Influential People List in 2016.

### Selected bibliography

* Say Yes to God: A Call to Courageous Surrender. 2010. ISBN 978-0310328360.
* Choose Joy: Because Happiness Isn't Enough. 2012. ISBN 978-0800722135.
* Sacred Privilege: Your Life and Ministry as a Pastor's Wife. 2017. ISBN 978-0800729677.

## Son’s illness and death

Matthew Warren lived with mental illness and suicidal ideation from a young age. His diagnoses included depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and near the end of his life, borderline personality disorder. Matthew took his life on April 5, 2013.
# Arto Sipinen

Arto Sipinen (20 March 1936 – 23 December 2017) was a Finnish architect. He worked in the office of architects Alvar Aalto in 1959–61 and Viljo Revell in 1961–63. He founded his own architect's office in 1965. Sipinen has taught at Helsinki University of Technology Department of Architecture.
In 1970 Sipinen won the architectural competition for the design of a new campus at the University of Jyväskylä, his former employer Aalto having designed the first campus. Among Sipinen's other best known works are the cultural centres for the cities of Espoo, Mikkeli, Imatra and Kuusamo.
# Arne Åkermark

Arne Åkermark (1902–1962) was a Swedish art director who worked on around a hundred and eighty films during a thirty-year career.
In 1948 Åkermark was employed in Britain for Ealing Studios epic Scott of the Antarctic.

## Selected filmography

* Colourful Pages (1931)
* Skipper's Love (1931)
* Dante's Mysteries (1931)
* The False Millionaire (1931)
* Ship Ahoy! (1931)
* Tired Theodore (1931)
* Black Roses (1932)
* Servant's Entrance (1932)
* International Match (1932)
* Mother-in-Law's Coming (1932)
* Love and Deficit (1932)
* His Life's Match (1932)
* Lucky Devils (1932)
* Dear Relatives (1933)
* Two Men and a Widow (1933)
* Augusta's Little Misstep (1933)
* Boman's Boy (1933)
* What Do Men Know? (1933)
* Marriageable Daughters (1933)
* The Song to Her (1934)
* Andersson's Kalle (1934)
* The Atlantic Adventure (1934)
* Fired (1934)
* Simon of Backabo (1934)
* Under False Flag (1935)
* The Marriage Game (1935)
* Walpurgis Night (1935)
* The People of Småland (1935)
* Adventure (1936)
* The Wedding Trip (1936)
* He, She and the Money (1936)
* Johan Ulfstjerna (1936)
* Conscientious Objector Adolf (1936)
* Unfriendly Relations (1936)
* It Pays to Advertise (1936)
* The Family Secret (1936)
* 65, 66 and I (1936)
* Russian Flu (1937)
* John Ericsson, Victor of Hampton Roads (1937)
* Conflict (1937)
* Oh, Such a Night! (1937)
* Sara Learns Manners (1937)
* The Andersson Family (1937)
* The Great Love (1938)
* Dollar (1938)
* Just a Bugler (1938)
* Good Friends and Faithful Neighbours (1938)
* Art for Art's Sake (1938)
* Thunder and Lightning (1938)
* Emilie Högquist (1939)
* Oh, What a Boy! (1939)
* Variety Is the Spice of Life (1939)
* Whalers (1939)
* Nothing But the Truth (1939)
* Kiss Her! (1940)
* With Open Arms (1940)
* One, But a Lion! (1940)
* The Crazy Family (1940)
* Bright Prospects (1941)
* Dunungen (1941)
* Poor Ferdinand (1941)
* Goransson's Boy (1941)
* We're All Errand Boys (1941)
* The Train Leaves at Nine (1941)
* The Fight Continues (1941)
* Tonight or Never (1941)
* It Is My Music (1942)
* There's a Fire Burning (1943)
* Katrina (1943)
* Dolly Takes a Chance (1944)
* The Emperor of Portugallia (1944)
* His Excellency (1944)
* The Invisible Wall (1944)
* The Gallows Man (1945)
* His Majesty Must Wait (1945)
* The Journey Away (1945)
* Affairs of a Model (1946)
* Sunshine Follows Rain (1946)
* The Balloon (1946)
* Poor Little Sven (1947)
* Private Karlsson on Leave (1947)
* Scott of the Antarctic (1948)
* Each Heart Has Its Own Story (1948)
* Pimpernel Svensson (1950)
* Restaurant Intim (1950)
* Living on 'Hope' (1951)
* Count Svensson (1951)
* The Girl from Backafall (1953)
* The Chieftain of Göinge (1953)
* Time of Desire (1954)
* Getting Married (1955)
* A Doll's House (1956)
* My Passionate Longing (1956)
* When the Mills are Running (1956)
* Woman in a Fur Coat (1958)
* A Difficult Parish (1958)
* Heart's Desire (1960)
* Lovely Is the Summer Night (1961)
* Ticket to Paradise (1962)
# DiShIn

As described in and DiShIn (Disjunctive Shared Information) is method to calculate that shared information content by complementing the value of most informative common ancestor (MICA) with their disjunctive ancestors by exploring the multiple inheritance of an ontology.
The shared information content of two terms in an Ontology (information science) is a popular technique to measure their semantic similarity. DiShIn re-defines the shared information content between two concepts as the average of all their disjunctive ancestors, assuming that an ancestor is disjunctive if the difference between the number of distinct paths from the concepts to it is different from that of any other more informative ancestor. In other words, a disjunctive ancestor is the most informative ancestor representing a given set of parallel interpretations. DiShIn is an improvement of GraSM in terms of computational efficiency and in the management of parallel interpretations.

## Example

For example, palladium, platinum, silver and gold are considered to be precious metals, and silver, gold and copper considered to be coinage metals. Thus, we have:
When calculating the semantic similarity between platinum and gold, DiShIn starts by calculating the number of paths difference for all their common ancestors:
For metal we have two paths from gold and one from platinum, so we have a path difference of one. For precious we have one path from each concept, so we have a path difference of zero.
Since their path difference is distinct, both common ancestors metal and precious are considered to be disjunctive common ancestors.
When calculating the semantic similarity between platinum and palladium, DiShIn starts by calculating the number of paths difference for all their common ancestors:
For both metal and precious, we have only one path from each concept, so we have a path difference of zero for both common ancestors. Thus, only the common ancestor precious (the most informative) is considered to be a disjunctive common ancestor.
Given that node-based semantic similarity measures are proportional to the average of the information content of their common disjunctive ancestors: metal and precious in case of platinum and gold; and precious in case of platinum and palladium, means that for DiShIn palladium and platinum are more similar than platinum and gold.
When calculating the semantic similarity between silver and gold, DiShIn starts by calculating the number of paths difference for all their common ancestors:
As in the case of platinum and palladium, here all common ancestors have a path difference of zero, since silver and gold share the same relationships and therefore have parallel interpretations. Thus, only the most informative common ancestor precious or coinage is considered to be a disjunctive common ancestor. This means that for DiShIn the similarity between silver and gold is greater or equal than the similarity between any other pair of the leaf concepts. Thus, DiShIn does not penalize parallel interpretations as GraSM did.
# Dinesh Singh

Dinesh Singh may refer to:
* Dinesh Singh (academic), former Vice Chancellor of University of Delhi
* Dinesh Singh (politician, born 1925) (1925–1995), Indian politician and former Minister of External Affairs of India
* Dinesh Singh (Punjab politician) (born 1962), Indian politician and Deputy Speaker of Punjab Legislative Assembly
* Dinesh Singh (footballer) (born 1989), Indian footballer
* Dinesh Prasad Singh (born 1959), Indian politician and member of the Bihar Legislative Council
* Dinesh Kumar Singh, Indian politician
* Dinesh Pratap Singh (born 1967), Indian politician
# By the Way (Theory of a Deadman song)

"By the Way" is the sixth single from Theory of a Deadman's album Scars & Souvenirs, released on May 18, 2009. The song features Chris Daughtry and Robin Diaz on back-up vocals. It is about a girl leaving her boyfriend without saying anything to him and he now thinks about her all the time and wishes she'd come back. The Scars & Souvenirs album title comes from a line in this song: "Piled up from the years, all those scars and souvenirs".

## Music video

The music video came out in the second week of August 2009. It shows Tyler Connolly walking around an abandoned house with his "former wife" as a ghost lurking around him. He picks up emotional objects such as his wedding picture. Near the end of the video, he turns into the ghost and the wife is actually real. She leaves the house with her friends, like he exclaims in the lyrics of the song. Neither Chris Daughtry nor Robin Diaz, who sing backing vocals on the song, are featured in the music video.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2009) | Peak position |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 17 |
| US Mainstream Rock (Billboard) | 16 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 34 |
# Thomas Ransom

Thomas Ransom may refer to:
* Thomas E. G. Ransom (1834–1864), surveyor, civil engineer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War
* Thomas Ransom (coach) (1870–1946), American football and basketball coach in the United States
# Bill Allen (Canadian politician)

William James Gilbert Allen (born August 12, 1946) is a former political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Regina Rosemont from 1975 to 1982 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member.
He was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, the son of Alfred B. Allen and Delores M. Holmes, and was educated there, at St. Peter's College and at the University of Saskatchewan. Allen was defeated by Gordon Dirks when he ran for reelection to the Saskatchewan assembly in 1982.
# BX Plastics

BX Plastics was a plastics engineering and production company. The company was one of three subsidiaries of the British Xylonite Company established by 1938. BX Plastics made xylonite (also known as celluloid or ivoride) and Lactoid (also known as casein) at a plant to the south of Brantham in Suffolk, on the north bank of the River Stour across the river from Manningtree in Essex. The company was liquidated in 1999.

## History

The British Xylonite Company was established by English inventor Daniel Spill in 1877, in collaboration with American investor Levi Parsons Merriam. It established factories at Hackney Wick and Homerton, in East London, subsequently expanding to Brooklands Farm near Brantham in 1887 and Hale End, Walthamstow in 1897.
By 1938 British Xylonite had established three subsidiaries - BX Plastics, Halex and Cascelloid. Halex was based in Highams Park, Hale End, in North London and made finished goods (including table tennis balls). Cascelloid, based in Leicester and Coalville, made toys and had been acquired in 1931. Cascelloid was later renamed Palitoy and sold to General Mills in 1968 and then to Tonka 1987, which was acquired by Hasbro in 1991.
Distillers acquired a 50% interest in BX Plastics in 1939. Distillers then acquired the rest of the British Xylonite group in 1961, merging it into a 50:50 joint venture with Union Carbide's Bakelite company in 1962 to form Bakelite Xylonite in 1963. Distillers sold its 50% interest to BP in 1967, and Union Carbide's European interests were acquired by BP in 1978, including the remaining Bakelite Xylonite plants.
The Brantham site had been sold in 1966 to British Industrial Plastics, a subsidiary of Turner & Newall, who were in turn acquired Storey Brothers of Lancaster in 1977. The company became Wardle Storeys in 1984. The site finally closed in 2007.

## Research

BX Plastics established a research department at Lawford Place, a manor house in nearby Lawford, south of Manningtree in Essex. Margaret Thatcher worked there as a research chemist from 1947 to 1951, before her marriage to Denis Thatcher and subsequent career change to become a tax barrister and then a politician. The company held several patents on plastic products and manufacturing processes in the 1960s.
The house was damaged by a fire and remained unoccupied for many years, but received a Grade II listing in 1980. It was refurbished as part of a residential development in 2009.
# Kaygınca, Taşköprü

Kaygınca is a village in the Taşköprü District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 205 (2021).
# Tristyla

Tristyla is a monotypic genus of moths in the family Noctuidae. Its only species, Tristyla alboplagiata, is found in the US states of California and Arizona. Both the genus and species were first described by John Bernhardt Smith in 1893.
# William Christopher Miller

William Christopher Miller FRSE (19 May 1898 – 17 December 1976) was a 20th century British veterinary surgeon and author. He was President of the National Veterinary Association in 1940.

## Life

Miller was born in the British Central Africa Protectorate in 1898 and was educated at the Royal Grammar School in Colchester in England. He then trained as a veterinary surgeon at the Royal Dick Vet School in Edinburgh.
Around 1920 he began lecturing in Animal Hygiene at the East of Scotland College of Agriculture. In 1927 he moved to the University of Edinburgh to lecture in animal genetics.
In 1930 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Francis Albert Eley Crew, James Ritchie, Orlando Charnock Bradley and James Hartley Ashworth.
In 1935 he was offered a chair as Professor of Animal Husbandry at the Royal Veterinary College in London. He was created Director of the College in 1946 and held this role until his retirement in 1966.
Professor Miller also became the Director of Equine Research at the Animal Health Trust in Newmarket, England. He was my father's cousin. He lived in Lanswade House in Newmarket. When I was a child, we visited several times and I remember that he had a large herd of Shetland ponies out in the field behind the house. He wrote the first veterinary book for farmers. It was called Black's Veterinary Dictionary.
In 1945 he undertook a major survey of animal husbandry in the West Indies.

## Publications

* Some Parasites of British Sheep (1925)
* Practical Animal Husbandry (1933 with multiple later editions)
* Encyclopedia of Animal Care (1972)
# Indigofera heterantha

Indigofera heterantha (syn. Indigofera gerardiana), commonly known as Himalayan indigo, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is native to the northwestern Himalayas of Tibet, in Asia.
It belongs to the same genus as plants used to produce indigo dye.

## Description

Indigofera heterantha is a deciduous shrub growing to 2–3 m (7–10 ft) tall and broad, with pinnate leaves, each leaf carrying up to 21 grey-green oval leaflets, and racemes of purple pea-like flowers in summer.
The Latin specific epithet heterantha means "with various or diverse flowers".

## Cultivation

Indigofera heterantha is cultivated as an ornamental plant for a position in bright sunlight. It is drought tolerant and very hardy, down to −15 °C (5 °F) However, in colder areas it can be herbaceous, meaning that at the end of the season it dies back down to ground level before regrowing the following year.
This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain

Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain (11 June 1824 – 27 December 1900) was a Spanish infanta.

## Biography

She was the daughter of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain, the third surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain, and Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies.
Instead of marrying a prince of a European royal house, she married the Spanish aristocrat Don José María Osorio de Moscoso y Carvajal, Duke of Sessa in 1847. She was an intimate friend and favorite of her cousin and sister-in-law Queen Isabella II, who allowed her marriage despite the unprecedented unequal rank.
The couple supported the monarchy after the Revolution of 1868, sending financial aid to the dethroned Crown, considerably reducing their income and even having to sell some properties, such as the Altamira Palace, as well as the Villamanrique Palace, in the town of the same name, in addition to others. This did not prevent the Infanta from leading a high standard of living, traveling regularly between Madrid, Paris and Biarritz.
The Infanta Luisa Teresa, who kept her title of Infanta of Spain even after getting married, belonged to the Order of Queen Maria Luisa. She was widowed in 1881 and died in Madrid on 27 December 1900, when she was 76 years old. She was buried in the Pantheon of Infants in the Monastery of El Escorial.

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Infanta Luisa Teresa of Spain :
# Bya

bya or b.y.a. is an abbreviation for "billion years ago". It is commonly used as a unit of time to denote length of time before the present in 10$^9$ years. This initialism is often used in the sciences of astronomy, geology, and paleontology.
The "billion" in bya is the 10$^9$ "billion" of the short scale of the U.S., not the long-scale 10$^{12}$ "billion" of some European usage. Billion by this convention (10$^9$) is often called a "thousand million" in the UK and a "milliard" in some other countries. For this reason, there is potential for some confusion, and some scientists prefer the unit Gya, while others prefer Ga (Giga-annum), however, bya remains in more widespread use. In 1974, the UK switched from the long scale to the short scale.
Related units are mya ("million years ago"), and byr ("billion years"). These are traditionally written in lowercase. Ga or Gya has a capitalized first letter instead.
# Jherian Wali

Jherian Wali (also known as Jherianwali and Bishanpura) is a village in Sardulgarh tehsil of Mansa district in Punjab, India.

## Geography

Jherian Wali is centered approximately at 29°52′16″N 75°15′29″E﻿ / ﻿29.87111°N 75.25806°E﻿ / 29.87111; 75.25806. Beere Wala Jattan, Baje Wala, Chhapian Wali, Nangla, Burj Bhalaike, Mian, Raipur and Tandian are the surrounding villages.

## History

The name Jherian Wali is driven a pond in the area. The other name of the village, Bishanpura, is after Bishan Singh, an ancestor of the village.

## Culture

Punjabi is the mother tongue as well as the official language of the village.

### Religion

The village is predominated by Sikhs, the followers of Sikhism with other minorities. The Sikhs worships in the Gurudwara and Hindus have a Balmik Mandir.

## Education and economy
### Education

The village has a government middle school which upgraded to high in 2010 and a new building was built. To provide children pure drinking water, the school has a Reverse osmosis plant.

### Economy

Agriculture is the main source of income for all Jat people of the village while the poor do labour.
# Albay Gulf

Albay Gulf is a large gulf in the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon island in the Philippines.

## Whale shark sightings

The place has been one of the tourist spots in the province because of the frequent sightings of whale sharks (known as butanding in the local vernacular) in the coastal areas. The government has taken actions requesting concerned sectors to test whether the number of plankton, the whale shark's primary food source, was adequate for the species' sustenance. In 1997, whale sharks were sighted in the town of Donsol in Sorsogon. Their presence led to the town's receiving the moniker whale shark capital of the world.