OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dortmund-Dorstfeld transmitter

The Dortmund-Dorstfeld transmitter was a temporary mediumwave broadcasting facility at the Dorstfeld coal pit in Dortmund, Germany.
The Dortmund-Dorstfeld transmitter was inaugurated on September 18, 1925. It was a T-type antenna with two wires, which was spun between two 33-metres-tall wooden guyed masts, placed in a distance of 35 metres. The facility was shut down on December 15, 1927, after the Langenberg transmitter took over.

## Literature

Andreas Brudnjak: Die Geschichte der deutschen Mittelwellen-Sendeanlagen von 1923 bis 1945, Funk-Verlag Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2010, ISBN 978-3-939197-51-5, Page 96/97, 111.
* This article about a North Rhine-Westphalian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dortmund-Derne station

Dortmund-Derne station is a railway station in the Derne district of the town of Dortmund, located in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Rail services

| Line | Name | Route |
| RB 50 | Der Lüner | Dortmund Hauptbahnhof – Dortmund-Derne – Lünen Hauptbahnhof – Münster Hauptbahnhof |
| RB 51 | Westmünsterland-Bahn | Dortmund Hauptbahnhof – Dortmund-Derne – Lünen Hauptbahnhof – Coesfeld (Westf) – Gronau (Westf) – Enschede |
# Black River (Thunder Bay District)

The Black River is a river in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the Great Lakes Basin, and is a left tributary of the Pic River.

## Course

The river begins at an unnamed lake and heads southwest through geographic Nickle Township into the municipality of Manitouwadge to Agonzon Lake. It exits the lake over a dam east, then resumes a southwest course, passes under Ontario Highway 614, through geographic Lecours Township, then under Ontario Highway 17 and the Canadian Pacific Railway main line. The river enters geographic Pic Township, passes over the Wawatay Generating Station and dam, takes in the left tributary Little Black River, and reaches its mouth at the Pic River, across from the Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation Pic River 50 reserve and just above that river's mouth at Lake Superior.
Ontario Highway 614 follows the river valley from Ontario Highway 17 to Manitouwadge.

## Tributaries

* Little Black River (left)
* Melgund Creek (left)
* Swede Creek (right)
* Gowan Creek (right)
* Valley Creek (right)
* Cedar Creek (left)
* Amwri Creek (left)
* Namebin Creek (right)
* Barehead Creek (right)
* Jenny Creek (left)
* Ziziginiga Creek (left)
* Morley Creek (left)
* Fox Creek (right)
* Lorne Creek (left)
# Jock Henderson

Jock Henderson may refer to:
* Jock Henderson (footballer, born 1871) (1871–1930), Scottish footballer for Celtic, Lincoln City, Leicester Fosse and Small Heath
* Jock Henderson (footballer, born 1895) (1895–1957), Scottish footballer for Manchester City, Southend United, Gillingham and Dunfermline Athletic
# Peter Jagers

Peter Jagers (born 1941) is a Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Statistics at University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology who made lasting contributions in probability and general branching processes. Jagers was first vice president (2007–2010) of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Chair of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg (2012). He in an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and past President of the Bernoulli Society (2005–2007). He also served as a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Statistics Sweden.
Jagers has been coordinating editor of the Journal of Applied Probability and Advances in Applied Probability. He is on the Editorial Committee for Springer's books on probability theory and was editor of Stochastic Processes and their Applications 1989–1993.

## Honors and awards

Jagers received an honorary doctorate from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and in 2012 was awarded the Carver Medal by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. In 2003 he received the Chalmers Medal and in 2005 was awarded King Carl XVI Gustaf 's gold medal for "services to mathematics in Sweden and internationally".

## Publications

He has published a large number of scientific works, notably in branching process theory and its applications, and is the author of two books, Branching Processes with Biological Applications (J. Wiley 1975) and Branching Processes: Variation, Growth, and Extinction of Populations (Cambridge U. Press 2005). The Crump-Mode-Jagers (or generalized) branching process is named for Jagers.
# White Sands

White Sands may refer to:
* White Sands, New Mexico, United States, residential area and national park of the White Sands Missile Range
* White Sands Missile Range, formerly the White Sands Proving Ground, a military installation in New Mexico hosting:
** White Sands Test Center, operated by the United States Army
** White Sands Test Facility, operated by NASA, and including:
*** White Sands Space Harbor
* White Sands National Park, desert of white sand dunes in New Mexico, US
* Whitesands, a town in Vanuatu
* White Sands Shopping Mall, Singapore, in Pasir Ris, Singapore
* White Sands, Alberta, Canada, a summer village in Stettler County
* White Sands (film), a 1992 Warner Bros. motion picture directed by Roger Donaldson
* White Sands: Experiences from the Outside World
* USS White Sands (ARD-20), a floating dry dock for the US Navy
# White Sand (graphic novel)

White Sand is a fantasy graphic novel series written by American author Brandon Sanderson and Rik Hoskin, with artwork by Julius Gopez initially, and later by Fritz Casas. The first part of the trilogy, White Sand Volume I, was published on June 28, 2016. The second part was published on February 20, 2018. The third and final part was published on September 18, 2019.

## Plot

The graphic novels are part of Sanderson's Cosmere arc of inter-connected novels.
The series is set on a desert world, Taldain, where a young Daysider man named Kenton trains to become a Sand Master, harnessing arcane magic to manipulate the planet's sand. Following a surprise attack where many of his brethren are killed, Kenton must take responsibility to keep the order of Sand Masters alive and discover who betrayed them.
In volume 2, Kenton finds himself trying to negotiate politics with the Dayside's rulers while having assassins trying to kill him. He forms a pact with Khriss, who is from the night side of the planet and she is drawn to sand mastery.
In volume 3, Kenton is overwhelmed trying to keep the Sand Masters together. Kenton discovers the truth behind the ambush that killed his father and most of the Sand Masters.

## Development history

White Sand originated in a series of unpublished manuscripts produced by Sanderson in the years before his debut publication Elantris in 2005. Sanderson wrote White Sand Prime over two years and completed it in 1998, then his first ever novel. This was followed by a sequel manuscript Lord Mastrell in 1999, and a complete rewrite of the text simply as White Sand in 2001. Sanderson described the rewritten version as "much better" in 2008. While the manuscripts have not been fully released, an excerpt was published in the 2016 collection Arcanum Unbounded.
The first volume in the series was published in June 2016 and reached number two on the graphic novel New York Times Best Seller List. In the 2018 Dragon Awards, volume one won for best graphic novel.
| # | Title | Pages | Release Date | Hardback ISBN |
| 1 | White Sand I | 160 | 28 June 2016 | ISBN 978-1606908853 |
| 2 | White Sand II | 160 | 20 February 2018 | ISBN 978-1524103422 |
| 3 | White Sand III | 160 | 18 September 2019 | ISBN 978-1524110062 |
# Dove, Missouri

Dove is an unincorporated community in Laclede County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is located along Missouri Route 5 one-half mile north of the junction with Missouri Route F. Decaturville in southern Camden County is approximately 7.5 miles to the north, Sleeper is five miles to the southeast on route F and Lebanon is seven miles south. The area around the community is drained by tributaries of Dry Auglaize Creek which flows past about four miles to the east.

## History

A post office called Dove was established in 1899, and remained in operation until 1929. The community was named for the abundance of mourning doves near a local pond.
# Jim Raymond

James Crossley Raymond (February 25, 1917 – October 14, 1981) was an American comic strip artist and the younger brother of Flash Gordon artist Alex Raymond. He was also the great-uncle of actors Matt Dillon and Kevin Dillon.

## Biography

Born in Riverside, Connecticut and raised in New Rochelle, New York, Raymond's first cartoons were published in his high school newspaper. In 1935, he started as an assistant on the Blondie comic strip, mostly as a replacement for his brother, who had been working on Blondie for three years before leaving to start his own strips.
Initially, Raymond's responsibilities were quite minor, but by 1937, when the first son of Blondie creator Chic Young died of jaundice, Raymond was considered experienced enough to take over both writing and drawing the strip for a year.
In 1938, Chic Young returned from his sabbatical, resuming his place as the main writer of Blondie. Raymond continued to play a major role in creating the artwork, in addition to a short stint assisting his brother Alex on Jungle Jim around 1944. In 1950, due to Chic's diminishing eyesight, Raymond permanently became the lead artist of Blondie and began to develop the distinctive style that the strip uses to this day.
Chic Young died in 1973 and his son Dean, who had been assisting with the writing for about ten years, took over as head writer. Raymond continued as the artist and began sharing a byline credit with Dean soon after.
Raymond's health began to fail in 1979, and he died in late 1981 from cancer. After his death, he was succeeded by Mike Gersher, who had assisted him for about 17 years. All Blondie artists since that time have stuck closely to the style that Jim Raymond refined, with small modifications to keep props and clothing styles contemporary.
# Joe Kendrick

Joe Kendrick may refer to:
* Joseph Kendrick (sculptor) (1755–?), British sculptor
* Joe Kendrick (footballer, born 1905) (1905–1965), Irish footballer who played during the 1920s and 1930s
* Joe Kendrick (footballer, born 1983), Irish footballer and great nephew of above
# M. T. Dohaney

Myrtis Theresa "Jean" Dohaney (born Myrtis Theresa Judge; September 15, 1930) is a Newfoundland-born Canadian teacher and writer who lives in Fredericton, New Brunswick.

## Life and work

M. T. Dohaney was born to Roger and Anne Judge in Point Verde, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. She moved to Fredericton in 1954 with her husband Walter Dohaney, whom she had married in Gander two years earlier. Dohaney attended the University of New Brunswick, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature in 1967, as well as a teaching certificate. She received an EdD from Boston University in 1978.
In the 1980s, Dohaney began writing short stories while she and her family lived in Vancouver, British Columbia, where her husband was studying at the University of British Columbia. In 1988, Dohaney published her first novel, The Corrigan Women, a portrait of three generations of women in Newfoundland. It was followed by When Things Get Back to Normal (1989), a journal documenting her grief after her husband Walter passed away in 1986. In 1992, Dohaney continued the story of The Corrigan Women with a sequel, To Scatter Stones.
In her teaching career, she first taught in the public school system in New Brunswick and then for almost twenty years at the University of New Brunswick until resigning in 1995. In that same year, she published A Marriage of Masks, which won the Thomas Head Raddall Award. With A Fit Month for Dying (2000), Dohaney completed the trilogy that began with The Corrigan Women.
In 2012, she was the recipient of the Lieutenant-Governor's Award for High Achievement in English Language Literary Arts.
# Peter Martland

Peter Martland (born July 1947) is a historian at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He began studying at Corpus Christi College in 1982, receiving an MA and PhD in history before becoming a fellow of the college after completion of his PhD in 1992. He is a specialist in the history of the music industry, and in British and American intelligence history. He was one of the researchers for the official history of Britain's domestic intelligence service, MI5, which was published in 2009 by Christopher Andrew as In defence of the realm: The authorised history of the British Security Service (London, 2009).
In December 2016, the Financial Times stated that, along with Sir Richard Dearlove, Martland had quit the Cambridge Intelligence Seminar after concerns that it might be under infiltration by the KGB.

## Selected publications

* Since Records Began: EMI – the first 100 years. London, 1997.
* The future of the Past. London, 2002.
* Corpus Lives. Cambridge, 2003.
* Lord Haw Haw: the English voice of Nazi Germany. London, 2003.
* Footprints on the sands of time. California, 2005.
* Recording history: the British record industry, 1888-1931. Lanham, 2013.
# Peter Phillips (economist)

Peter Charles Bonest Phillips (born 23 March 1948) is an econometrician. Since 1979 he has been Professor of Economics and Statistics at Yale University. He also holds positions at the University of Auckland, Singapore Management University and the University of Southampton. He is currently the co-director of Center for Financial Econometrics of Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics at Singapore Management University and is an adjunct professor of econometrics at the University of Southampton.

## Education

During his schooling, Phillips was the dux of Mount Albert Grammar School in New Zealand. He received a B.A. and M.A. from the University of Auckland and won prizes in both mathematics and economics. He received his PhD from London School of Economics under the supervision of John Denis Sargan in 1974.

## Research

He is a founding editor of the journal Econometric Theory. Peter Phillips has published many theoretical articles and advanced many research areas in econometrics. He has published important articles on continuous time econometrics, finite-sample theory, asymptotic expansions, unit root and cointegration, long-range dependent time series, and panel data econometrics. He also introduced the use of the functional central limit theorem to derive asymptotic distributions of unit roots tests. Phillips mainly used frequentist statistical methods. Phillips has also supervised numerous Ph.D. students, including Steve Durlauf. In 1993 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. According to the November 2015 ranking of economists by Research Papers in Economics, he is the 5th most influential economist.

## Festschrift

In 2012, The Journal of Econometrics dedicated two Festschrifts to Phillips under the title Recent Advances in Nonstationary Time Series: A Festschrift in honor of Peter C.B. Phillips.

## Selected publications

* Corbae, Dean; Durlauf, Steven N.; Hansen, Bruce E. (eds.). Econometric Theory and Practice; Frontiers of Analysis and Applied Research.
* ——— (1987). "Time Series Regression with a Unit Root". Econometrica. 55 (2): 277–301. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.453.7174. doi:10.2307/1913237. JSTOR 1913237.
* ———; Perron, Pierre (1988). "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression" (PDF). Biometrika. 75 (2): 335–346. doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.335.
* ———; Wang, Qiying (2009). "Structural Nonparametric Cointegrating Regression". Econometrica. 77 (6): 1901–1948. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.193.8082. doi:10.3982/ECTA7732. S2CID 438765.
# Peter Philips (make-up artist)

Peter Philips is a Belgian make-up artist, and currently the creative and image director of Christian Dior makeup.

## Career

Philips was born in Antwerp, Belgium. After obtaining a degree in graphic design while attending school in Brussels, he returned to education to study fashion at Antwerp's Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts. In his final year as a fashion student, he was introduced to makeup while working backstage at Paris Fashion Week. “The academy sent a bus from Antwerp to Paris,” he later tells Vogue, “and we went backstage helping dress. When I saw all those hair and makeup teams, I thought, I can do that.”
After graduating in 1993, Philips built up his portfolio by doing test shoots with aspiring photographers and stylists, including Willy Vanderperre, and Olivier Rizzo. A pivotal moment in Philips' career came at a Raf Simons shoot, when he drew a Mickey Mouse face onto a model in perfect scale. "People flipped out," Philips recalls. "They really remember the spectacular things you do, and the pure beauty things they take for granted. I learned a lot from that."
He began to achieve global recognition for his work and collaborated with major labels and photographers such as Dries Van Noten, Fendi, Inez Van Lamsweerde, and Peter Lindbergh.
He came to the attention of Karl Lagerfeld while the designer was at Fendi's helm, and was eventually invited to meet the then creative directors of Chanel Make-up, Heidi Morawetz and Dominique Moncourtois, who had jointly held the position for more than 30 years.
Chanel Makeup appointed Philips its creative director in 2008, a position described by Vogue magazine as the "most coveted job in cosmetics". Philips is credited with the reinvigoration of the fashion house's beauty division, his range of trend-setting collections included the 2009 sell-out nail polish colour Jade Le Vernis - a bottle of which was reportedly resold on eBay for $100. He was also noted for his use of unusual materials, incorporating feathers, pearls, and fabrics into his looks. For Chanel's spring 2014 show, he designed a well-received selection of eye makeup in "bold swipes of color" made from common fingerpaints. In February 2013, Philips stepped down as creative director of Chanel Make-Up.
In March 2014, It was announced that Philips was designated the new creative and image director for Dior makeup, replacing Pat McGrath in her previous role of overseeing the makeup looks for upcoming Dior fashion shows.
# White Wolf (Yosemite)

White Wolf is a campground and concession area outside of Yosemite Valley in the northern area of Yosemite National Park (37°52′14.44″N 119°38′49.52″W﻿ / ﻿37.8706778°N 119.6470889°W﻿ / 37.8706778; -119.6470889) along Tioga Road (Highway 120). The campground is directly off the road and thus does not require a rough drive to the campground such as other Yosemite campgrounds outside of the valley. White Wolf Campground contains 74 campsites and has the look and feel of Bridalveil Creek Campground. The campground is not near a creek and is quite rocky and sunny. The area also includes a cluster of wood-and-canvas cabins and a small restaurant and general store.
Settlement in the White Wolf area by Europeans began in the early 20th century, after the construction of the Tioga Road. The first structures were likely shelters for ranch hands, and by 1930 the area was home to a small resort which included tents, tourist cabins, a small store and restaurant, and a gas station. After a drop in tourism following World War II and the relocation of the highway, the land was purchased by the government, with concession rights held by the Yosemite Park and Curry Co. The public campground was improved in 1960-1961.
Sources differ on the origin of the name. According to one story, cattlemen pursuing horse thieves in 1850 came upon an encampment of Indians led by a tribal chief whose name was White Wolf, and named the place after him. Another story is that it was named by a sheepherder who saw a white wolf in the area.

## Destinations nearby

* Yosemite Creek Campground
* Porcupine Flat Campground Campground
* Olmsted Point
* Tenaya Lake
* Tuolumne Meadows
* Tamarack Flat Campground
* Crane Flat Campground
* Yosemite Valley
# White Wives

White Wives is an American punk rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The band, composed of members from other Pittsburgh bands including Anti-Flag, The Code, Dandelion Snow and American Armada, was created in the summer of 2010. The band released their first EP, Situationists EP, through Lock and Key Collective in February 2011, and followed up in June with their debut full-length, Happeners, released on Adeline Records.

## Band members

* Roger Lawrence Harvey - Lead vocals/guitar (2010–present)
* Chris "#2" Barker - Lead vocals/guitar (2010–present)
* Chris Head - Lead guitar (2010–present)
* Tyler Kweder - Drums (2010–present)
* Chris Stowe - Bass guitar (2011–present)
* Josh Massie - Keys/trumpet (2011–present)

## Discography
### Albums

* Happeners (2011)

### Singles/EPs

* Situationists EP (2011)
* "Indian Summer" 7" (2011)
* Live at 222 Ormsby (2012)
* Howls for Sade (2013)
* Self Titled 7" (2013)
# What Is Life (disambiguation)

"What Is Life" is a 1970 song by George Harrison, later covered by Olivia Newton-John.
What Is Life may also refer to:
* "What Is Life?" (Black Uhuru song), a song from the 1984 album Anthem
* What Is Life?, a 1944 book by physicist Erwin Schrödinger
* What Is Life?, a 1947 book by evolutionary biologist J. B. S. Haldane
* What Is Life (to me without thee), a translation of Gluck's Che Faro Senza Euridice from his 1762 opera Orfeo ed Euridice
* "What is Life?" (Adventure Time), 15th episode of American animated television series Adventure Time season 1
* What Is Life? (album), 2021 by Brett Kissel
* What is Life?, 2023 album by Dax
# What Is Living and What Is Dead in Indian Philosophy

What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya.
Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna, commenting on this point, notes:
   A peculiar feature of the system is that it makes jnana or knowledge an attribute of the self, and that too, not an essential, but only an adventitious one...The self thus differs from matter only in that it may become conscious and not that it is itself mental in nature. The two other attributes of it, viz. desire (icchā) and volition (yatna) are conceived more or less similarly. They, like knowledge, refer to an object(savi-sayaka) and are meaningless without such a reference. The really mental or spiritual element in the doctrine accordingly is not the self, but these three attributes which are all transient.
Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness:
   We know the manner in which knowledge arises according to the Nyaya-Vaisesikas, though it is hard to understand how when the aid to its genesis--the self, manas, senses, and object--are wholly inert (jada), it can be knowledge at all...The position is scarcely distinguishable from that of the Charvakas.
# Jimmy Hitchcock (disambiguation)

Jimmy Hitchcock (1911–1959) was an American football and baseball player.
James, Jim or Jimmy Hitchcock may also refer to:
* Jimmy Hitchcock (cornerback) (born 1970), National Football League player
* Jimmy Hitchcock (golfer) (1930–2015), English golfer
* Ripley Hitchcock (1857–1918), American editor, born James Ripley Wellman Hitchcock