OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Axarus

The genus Axarus is widely distributed with records from the Holarctic, the Neotropics and Australasia . There are currently 5 described nearctic species . Erected as a subgenus (Anceus) of Xenochironomus , Axarus was subsequently renamed and elevated to generic status . The Connecticut River in the eastern United States harbors locally dense populations of two Axarus species, both currently undescribed. These populations are interesting in that they are restricted to specific larval habitat (varve clay and sometimes rotting wood) and thus there is genetic structure between populations in the river . The Connecticut River species are also notable in that they have extremely well developed polytene chromosomes and also maintain a high degree of inversion polymorphism .

## Species

* A. dorneri (Malloch, 1915)
* A. festivus Say, 1823
* A. rogersi (Beck and Beck, 1958)
* A. scopula (Townes, 1945)
* A. taenionotus (Say, 1829)
# Number of parliamentarians in the Fifth French Republic

The number of MPs and senators are prescribed in the French constitution of 4 October 1958.

## History

| Legislatures | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th |
| Number of MPs | 579 | 482 | 487 | 487 | 490 | 491 | 491 | 577 |
| Legislatures | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th |
| Number of MPs | 577 | 577 | 577 | 577 | 577 | 577 | 577 | 577 |
# Nuclear Fusion (journal)

Nuclear Fusion is a peer reviewed international scientific journal that publishes articles, letters and review articles, special issue articles, conferences summaries and book reviews on the theoretical and practical research based on controlled thermonuclear fusion. The journal was first published in September, 1960 by IAEA and its head office was housed at the headquarter of IAEA in Vienna, Austria. Since 2002, the journal has been jointly published by IAEA and IOP Publishing.

## The Nuclear Fusion Award

Since 2006, this award has been given each year to a particular paper of highest standard. The editorial board selects the recipient from all the research papers published in the Nuclear Fusion journal two years prior to the award year. The list of recipients are -
* Tim Luce (2006)
* Clemente Angioni, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany (2007)
* Todd Evans (2008)
* Steve Sabbagh, Columbia University, USA (2009)
* John Rice, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2010)
* Hajime Urano, JAEA, Japan (2011)
* Pat Diamond, University of California at San Diego (2012)
* Dennis Whyte, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA (2013)
* Phil Snyder, General Atomics, USA (2014)
* Robert Goldston, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, USA (2015)
* Sebastijan Brezinsek, EUROfusion Consortium and Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany (2016)
* Francois Ryter, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany (2017)
* A. Kallenbach, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Germany (2018)
* N.T. Howard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA (2019)
* C. Theiler, Swiss Plasma Center, Switzerland (2020)
# Hammatoderus rubefactus

Hammatoderus rubefactus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1872. It is known from Nicaragua, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Panama.
# Perucho

Perucho may refer to:

## People

* Perucho Figueredo (1818 – 1870), Cuban poet, composer and revolutionary
* Pedro González González (1893 – 1940), Spanish politician
* Artur Perucho Badia (1902 – 1956), Spanish journalist
* Pedro Cepeda (1905 – 1955), Puerto Rican baseball player
* Pedro Petrone (1905 – 1964), Uruguayan footballer
* Joan Perucho (1920 – 2003), Spanish writer
* Pedro Rincón Gutiérrez (1923 – 2004), Venezuelan doctor, academic and politician
* Perucho Conde (born 1934), Venezuelan comedian
* Manuel Perucho (born 1948), Spanish scientist
* Carlos Pérez (kayaker) (born 1979), Spanish sprint canoer

## Places

* Perucho, Quito, parish in Quito, Ecuador
# Theuville, Eure-et-Loir

Theuville (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Pézy was merged into Theuville.
# Ulf Larsson

Ulf Sigfrid "Uffe" Larsson (1 July 1956 – 28 September 2009) was a Swedish actor, revue artist, comedian and stage director.
Ulf Larsson was born in Bromma, Stockholm, in 1956. In the early 1980s, he appeared in numerous television shows and stage productions. In the 1980s he also became well known by children in the Bröderna Olsson ("Olsson brothers"), and in Kusiner i kubik ("cousins cubed"), and told stories in Pratmakarna ("the talkers"). His real breakthrough, however, came as he hosted the popular entertainment-show Söndagsöppet ("open on Sunday").
Ulf Larsson also participated in stage productions such as Charley's Aunt at the Intiman Theatre in Stockholm. He produced most of his own material and also wrote a novel, Kvartingen som sprängdes, where he describes his personal abuse of alcohol. Larsson died from an aortic aneurysm in his residence in Solna in 2009.
# C10H16O2

The molecular formula C$_{10}$H$_{16}$O$_2$ may refer to:
* Ascaridole
* Chrysanthemic acid
* trans-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-decenal
* Geranic acid
* Iridodial
* Iridomyrmecin
* Jasmine lactone
* Lineatin
* Massoia lactone
* Nepetalactol
* Nerolic acid
# Overland Route

An Overland route or Overland trail may refer to:

## Transportation routes

* Overland Route (Australia), a shipping route via the Suez Canal
* Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad), a passenger rail line from Chicago to Oakland, California
* Overland Trail, a stagecoach and wagon trail in Colorado and Wyoming
* Overland Trail (Yukon), a Klondike Gold Rush-era road in the Yukon
* Butterfield Overland Mail, a stagecoach line between Tennessee or Missouri and California
* Central Overland Route a stagecoach line through Utah and Nevada
* The connection from Suez to Cairo, superseded by the Suez Canal

## Other

* Overland Trail (TV series), a 1960s TV series about a fictional character on the Overland stage line
# Agonopterix cratia

Agonopterix cratia is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1974. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Arizona and New Mexico.
# Williams Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota

Williams Township is a township in Aitkin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 144 as of the 2010 census.

## Etymology

Williams Township was named for George T. Williams, who served as probate judge of Aitkin County for many years.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.9 square miles (92.9 km$^2$), of which 35.8 square miles (92.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.039 square miles (0.1 km$^2$), or 0.08%, is water.
The city of McGrath lies within the township but is a separate entity.

### Major highways

* Minnesota State Highway 18
* Minnesota State Highway 27
* Minnesota State Highway 65

### Adjacent townships

* Pliny Township (north)
* Millward Township (northeast)
* Wagner Township (east)
* Kroschel Township, Kanabec County (southeast)
* Ford Township, Kanabec County (south)
* Hay Brook Township, Kanabec County (southwest)
* Idun Township (west)
* Seavey Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains Grace Cemetery.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 153 people, 67 households, and 42 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.3 people per square mile (1.6/km$^2$). There were 142 housing units at an average density of 4.0/sq mi (1.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.69% White, 0.65% Native American and 0.65% Asian.
There were 67 households, out of which 20.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.3% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.90.
In the township the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 135.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.4 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $50,893. Males had a median income of $33,750 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,566. About 16.3% of families and 22.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.9% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
# Thierry de Beaucé

Thierry Martin de Beaucé (14 February 1943 – 25 November 2022) was a French high official, a student of the École nationale d'administration (1967–1968), writer and politician.
De Beaucé sat in several ministerial cabinets and then became a cultural advisor in Japan before joining the French Embassy in Rabat. He was appointed Director of International Relations at Elf Aquitaine, where he remained from 1981 to 1986. He was then Director General of Cultural, Scientific and Technical Relations at the Quai d'Orsay before becoming Secretary of State to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, responsible for international cultural relations (1988–91) in the second cabinet of Michel Rocard.
De Beaucé prepared and passed in 1990 the law creating the Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger.
After the resignation of Michel Rocard, he was appointed chargé de mission at the Élysée, still under the presidency of François Mitterrand, then ambassador of France to Indonesia. He ended his professional career as director of international relations of the company Vivendi, then directed by Jean-Marie Messier.
In 1985, he won the Prix Contrepoint with his novel La chute de Tanger published the previous year.

## Works

* 1975: Les raisons dangereuses
* 1978: Un homme ordinaire
* 1979: L'île absolue. Essai sur le Japon, Olivier Orban [fr]
* 1981: Le désir de guerre, Hachette
* 1984: La chute de Tanger, Éditions Gallimard ISBN 2070701557, Prix Contrepoint (1985)
* 1988: Nouveau discours sur l'universalité de la langue française, Gallimard, ISBN 2070712583
* 1989: Le Livre d'Esther, Grasset
* 1998: L'Archipel des épices, Plon
* 1991: La république de France, Grasset & Fasquelle
* 1995: La Nonchalance de Dieu, Éditions Odile Jabob [fr], ISBN 2738102921
* 2006: L'absent de Marrakech, Éditions du Rocher, 2006 ISBN 2268057313
# Thiotricha chrysantha

Thiotricha chrysantha is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1908. It is found in Assam, India.

## Description

The wingspan is about 11 mm. The forewings are deep ochreous yellow, suffused with orange red on the margins of the dark markings. There are two pairs of very oblique dark fuscous streaks from the costa and the dorsum near the base and before the middle respectively, each pair meeting at a very acute angle, the first connected with the second in the disc by dark fuscous suffusion, the angle of the second extended as a blackish line to the termen beneath the apex. There are two white dorsal blotches between and beyond these streaks respectively, the second followed by a dot of dark fuscous suffusion. An oblique blackish wedge-shaped mark is found from the costa at three-fourths, edged with pink. The hindwings are blackish grey, thinly scaled towards the base.
# Thelma Gunawardena

Dr. Thelma Gunawardena (1934–2015) was the first female Director of the National Museum of Colombo. She was also the Director of National Museums for Sri Lanka.

## Life

Thelma de Alwis was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 1934. She attended the University of Colombo where she received a Bachelor of Science in zoology. In 1961 she married G. J. P. Gunawardane with whom she had four sons. She subsequently attended the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England, earning her PhD in entomology in 1968.
In the 1970s Gunawardena worked on reducing insect damage to coconut trees, an important agricultural product in Sri Lanka.
In 1982 Gunawardena became the Director of National Museums and Director of the National Museum of Colombo. She served as Director of the National Museum of Colombo from 1982 through 1994. She contributed to the establishment of the Colombo Dutch Museum, the National Museum of Galle, the National Museum of Natural History, Colombo, and the National Maritime Museum in Galle.
Gunawardena died on 23 January 2015.
# Thelma Gutsche

Thelma Gutsche (7 January 1915 – 5 November 1984) was a South African filmmaker, film historian, writer, and arts patron, referred to as "South Africa's most accomplished early cinema historian" by a later film scholar.

## Early life and education

Thelma Gutsche was born at Somerset West, Cape Province, the daughter of Jesse Gutsche and Agnes Patricia Anne Mackintosh Gutsche. Her father was a factory manager. She earned degrees at the University of Cape Town in the Ethics, Logic, and Philosophy program. In 1946 she completed her doctoral studies in social history, with a dissertation titled The History and Social Significance of Motion Pictures in South Africa 1895 - 1940. Her dissertation was later published as a book, about which one scholar said, "As a detailed historical account of cinema up to 1940, there is nothing to rival it."

## Career

Before and during her doctoral program Gutsche wrote film reviews for The Forum and the Cape Times newspapers. During World War II and afterward, she wrote and directed documentaries and instructional films for the South African government. From 1947 to 1959 she was head of Educational and Information Service of African Consolidated Films Ltd. She was also joint director of Silver Leaf Books, which published the first book of short stories by Nadine Gordimer during her tenure.
Gutsche was a founding member and life president of the Association of Friends of the Johannesburg Art Gallery, and in 1959 a founding member of the Simon van der Stel Foundation (a historic preservation foundation). She was a member of the Africana Museum Advisory Committee beginning in 1956, and a member of the Consultative Committee of the Bensusan Museum of Photography. She served a term as president of the National Council of Women in South Africa.

## Works

Gutsche wrote several books, including
* Do You Know Johannesburg. Unie-Volkspers. 1947. with Patricia Knox
* No Ordinary Woman: The Life and Times of Florence Phillips. H. Timmins. 1966., a biography of Florence Phillips, winner of the 1966 Central News Agency Literary Award.
* Old Gold: The History of the Wanderers Club. H. Timmins. 1966.
* The Microcosm. H. Timmins. 1968.
* The Bishop's Lady. H. Timmins. 1970., a biography of church architect Sophy Gray)
* A Very Smart Medal: The History of the Witwatersrand Agricultural Society. H. Timmins. 1970.
* The History and Social Significance of Motion Pictures in South Africa, 1895-1940. H. Timmins. 1972.
* There Was a Man: The Life and Times of Sir Arnold Theiler. H. Timmins. 1972. ISBN 9780869781647., a biography of Sir Arnold Theiler

## Personal life

Gutsche died in 1984, from emphysema, aged 69 years, in Montagu, Western Cape. Her papers are archived at the University of Cape Town.
# History of Bohuslän

These are lists of the chartered cities or städer and the historical districts or härader of the historical province of Bohuslän in Sweden, previously Norway until 1658.

## Cities

* Kungälv (city since 12th century)
* Lysekil (town charter 1836, city charter 1903)
* Marstrand (city since 13th century)
* Strömstad (town charter 1667, city charter 1672)
* Uddevalla (city charter 1498)

## Districts

Source:
* Bullarens
* Hisings Västra (named Norska Hisingen, until 1681)
* Inlands Fräkne
* Inlands Torpe
* Inlands Nordre
* Inlands Södre
* Kville
* Lane
* Orust Västra
* Orust Östra
* Sotenäs
* Stångenäs
* Sörbygdens
* Tanums
* Tjörns
* Tunge
* Vette
# Berkshire (soil)

Berkshire soil series is the name given to a well-drained loam or sandy loam soil which has developed on glacial till in parts of southern Quebec, eastern New York State and New England south to Massachusetts. It belongs to the podzol soil group and is one of the most important soils in its area of occurrence, supporting extensive forests and a fair number of farms. Many Berkshire soils lack the eluvial (E) horizon characteristic of podzols because they have a history of being cleared for cultivation.

## Geology

The deep glacial till which provides the foundation of the Berkshire series contains material derived from mica schist with fragments of gneiss, granite and phyllite also present in some areas. These rocks are not high in mineral nutrients but provide enough fine-grained material to produce a loamy soil.

## Agriculture

Cleared areas of the Berkshire series support a livestock industry with an emphasis on dairying. Grasses, legumes and silage corn are raised for cattle food. These crops are likely to need lime and fertilizer for optimum growth. Potatoes are also grown; they are well adapted to the Berkshire's natural acidity. Many Berkshire soils, however, are too rough and stony for easy cultivation and have been allowed to revert to forest.

## Forestry

Most of the Berkshire series supports mixed forest. Several species of maple, birch and pine are prominent among the trees, along with beech, spruce, fir, ash and basswood.
# Thinicola

Thinicola incana is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a shrub endemic to central Western Australia. It is the sole species in genus Thinicola, which is in subfamily Faboideae.
# Bergland, Michigan

Bergland is a census-designated place (CDP) and the primary community in Bergland Township, Ontonagon County, Michigan, United States. It is situated on the north shore of Lake Gogebic, the largest natural inland lake on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Highway M-28 passes through the center of town, leading east 19 miles (31 km) to Bruce Crossing and southwest 20 miles (32 km) to Wakefield. M-64 leads north from Bergland 17 miles (27 km) to the shore of Lake Superior and 30 miles (48 km) to Ontonagon, the county seat. Bergland is bordered to the west by the Lake Gogebic CDP.
The community was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
# Bernardino II da Polenta

Bernardino II da Polenta was lord of Ravenna, Italy from 1389 to 1400. He was the son of Guido III da Polenta, grandson of Bernardino I and a member of the da Polenta family. Bernardino's mother was Elisa d'Este, the daughter of Obizzo III d'Este of Ferrara, who gave him numerous children. In 1389, Bernardino and his brothers, Ostasio, Obizzo, Aldobrandino, Azzo and Pietro imprisoned their father and ruled Ravenna. The brothers died in quick succession; allegedly Bernardino was poisoned by his brother Obizzo.
# Theodorias

Theodorias may refer to:
* Theodorias (province), a Byzantine province in present-day Syria
* Olbia, Libya, or Theodorias, a Roman/Byzantine town
* Vaga (Tunisia), an ancient city, now Béja, known as Theodorias during the Byzantine rule
# Theodoret (patriarch of Antioch)

Theodoret was the Melkite (Greek) patriarch of Antioch in the late 8th century and possibly into the 9th, during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid. The exact dates of his patriarchate are the subject of disagreement. Date ranges of c. 787–c. 799, 795–812 and c. 794–811 have been offered.
Theodoret plays a central role in the Life of the hermit Timothy of Kakhushta, who admonishes him for his luxurious living. The Life is the only source to record that he was arrested by Harun. The saint's prayers reportedly saved him from execution and, when oil blessed by Timothy cured the caliph's son, the patriarch even received concessions for his flock. The 12th-century Chronicle of Michael the Great reports that Theodoret deposed Theodore Abu Qurra as bishop of Harran, but doubt has been cast on the accuracy of this report.
# Hirtenmakkaroni

Hirtenmakkaroni (German for 'shepherd-style macaroni'), also known as Hirtnnudl in German and maccheroni alla pastora in Italian, is a pasta dish originating in the South Tyrol region, consisting of penne rigate, cream, peas, champignon mushrooms and cooked ham, topped with grated Parmesan cheese, typically served in mountain huts. There are several ways of preparing Hirtenmakkaroni, for example the ragù can be replaced with sausages.
# Berlioz (surname)

Berlioz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hector Berlioz (1803–1869), French composer and conductor
* Jacques Berlioz (1891–1975), French zoologist
* Sergio Berlioz (born 1963), Mexican composer and musicologist
# Third Reformed Church of Holland

Third Reformed Church of Holland is a historic church at 111 W. 13th Street in Holland, Michigan. It was built in 1874 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

## History

Dutch immigrants first settled in Holland, Michigan in 1847, and they immediately established The First Reformed Church with the Reverend Albertus Van Raalte as pastor. Over the next few years, a second Reformed congregation was established, but by the mid-1860s, the continued influx of Dutch immigrants strained the capacity of both churches. By 1866, Van Raalte recommended that the First Reformed Church be split. In 1867, the Third Reformed Church was organized and construction started on a new church building at this site. The church building was dedicated on February 14, 1868.
However, on October 8, 1871, two-thirds of Holland was destroyed by forest fires which had been burning for several weeks in areas surrounding the town. The recently constructed church was one of the first buildings destroyed. The congregation resolved to rebuild, and hired local architect John R. Kleyn to design the building. Despite setbacks, the new church was dedicated on November 25, 1874. The church has been continuously used by the congregation, and underwent a major renovation in 1967–68.

## Description

The Third Reformed Church is a balloon frame structure covered with vertical board and batten siding painted light gray. with brown trim. The side walls are supported by buttresses. The original section of the building measures 55 feet by 90 feet. A 15-foot square tower runs 125 feet in height. The foundation is made from sandstone.
# Bernard Sullivan

Bernard Sullivan (1886 – 1957) was a British trade unionist and politician, who served on London County Council.
Born in Leeds, Sullivan worked as a garment cutter and dress designer. He was an early member of the Labour Representation Committee (LRC), serving as secretary of the New Wortley LRC in 1904/05. He joined a forerunner of the United Garment Workers' Trade Union.
Sullivan served with the West Yorkshire Regiment during World War I, returning to the clothing industry after the war. In 1920, when the National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers was formed, he was appointed as its full-time London District Secretary. He also served on the Shirt, Collar and Tie Wages Council, the Wholesale Tailoring Wages Council, the Made Up Textile Wages Council, and the Regional Board for Industry, and was a member of the London Trades Council.
Initially, Sullivan was seen as one of the more radical figures in the union, a member of the Friends of Soviet Russia, and a supporter of striking workers at Rego in 1928. Unlike the London District Organiser Sam Elsbury, he did not join the United Clothing Workers' Union split. During the Spanish Civil War, he supported the republicans. A founder of the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists, and a leading figure in the Catholic Action movement, and was prominent in arguing the case for Catholic schooling during debates around the Education Act 1944.
Sullivan supported the Labour Party, and was elected to represent Greenwich at the 1937 London County Council election. In 1949/50, he was vice-chairman of the council. He also spent a period as chief whip, and chaired the Public Assistance Committee and Rivers and Mains Committee. He retired in 1952, and died five years later.