OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California

Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California, 293 U.S. 245 (1934), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the "right of California to force its university students to take classes in military training" and reiterated that "[i]nstruction in military science is not instruction in the practice or tenets of a religion." It was also held that the University of California constituted a corporation created by the state to administer the University, its president, and its provost, and as held is a constitutional department or function of the state government and as such an order by the regents is in effect a statute or law of the state.

## Background

On March 23, 1868, the California State Legislature passed the Organic Act creating the University "in order to devote to the largest purposes of education the benefaction made to the State" by the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act. The act stated:
   [I]n order to fulfil the requirements of the said Act of Congress, all able-bodied male students of the University, whether pursuing full or partial courses in any college, or as students at large, shall receive instruction and discipline in military tactics in such manner and to such extent as the Regents shall prescribe, the requisite arms for which shall be furnished by the State.
On September 15, 1931, the Board of Regents promulgated an order requiring students to take the course in military science and tactics in the Reserve Officers Training Corps as prescribed by the War Department. The order prescribed the following:
   Every able-bodied student of the University of California who, at the time of his matriculation at the University, is under the age of twenty-four years and a citizen of the United States and who has not attained full academic standing as a junior student in the University and has not completed the course in military science and tactics offered to freshmen and sophomore students at the University shall be and is hereby required as a condition to his attendance as a student to enroll in and complete a course in not less than one and one-half units of instruction in military science and tactics each semester of his attendance until such time as he shall have received a total of six units of such instruction or shall have attained full academic standing as a junior student.
In October, 1933, several minors belonging to the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the Epworth League enrolled in the University of California system. The students at the beginning of the fall term in 1933 petitioned the University for exemption from military training and participation in the activities of the training corps, upon the ground of their religious and conscientious objection to war and to military training. The regents refused to make military training optional or to exempt these students.
# UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva

UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva (also known as UFC on Fuel TV 2 or UFC: Sweden) was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on April 14, 2012, at the Ericsson Globe Arena in Stockholm, Sweden.

## Background

This was the first UFC event held in Sweden, and was the fastest selling European event in UFC history, selling out in three hours.
The preliminary card for this event streamed live on Facebook.
A rematch between Ross Pearson and Dennis Siver at featherweight was briefly linked to this event. However, Siver instead faced Diego Nunes.
Mike Goldberg did play by play for this event in place of Jon Anik due to scheduling issues.
Akira Corassani was expected to face Jason Young at the event, but Corassani pulled out of the bout with an undisclosed injury and was replaced by Eric Wisely.
Antônio Rogério Nogueira was expected to face Alexander Gustafsson at this event but pulled out due to injury. His replacement was Thiago Silva.
Jorgen Kruth was expected to face Cyrille Diabate at the event but pulled out of the bout with an injury, Tom DeBlass stepped in for Kruth and fought Diabate.

## Results

* ↑ This bout aired on the broadcast following the Stann vs Sakara bout.

## Bonus awards

Fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses.
* Fight of the Night: Brad Pickett vs. Damacio Page
* Knockout of the Night: Siyar Bahadurzada
* Submission of the Night: John Maguire
# Symplocos anomala

Symplocos anomala is a plant in the family Symplocaceae.

## Description

Symplocos anomala grows as a shrub or tree up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 50 centimetres (20 in). The bark is grey or brown. Its flowers feature a white corolla. The fruit is purple to black when ripe.

## Distribution and habitat

Symplocos anomala is native to Japan, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra. Its habitat is chiefly in montane forests from 900 metres (3,000 ft) to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) altitude.
# Penicillium oblatum

Penicillium oblatum is an anamorph species of fungus in the genus Penicillium.
# BID 150

A British voice encryption device used with (for example) Larkspur radio system sets.
BID means 'British Inter Departmental'. These systems or equipment types were generally used by more than one single governmental agency or department. The authority for BID's was the Communications-Electronics Security Group (CESG) who were part of Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).
The BID/150 speech encryption key generator is a single channel device for use with the British Army C42 and C45 Larkspur radio system. This was the first Combat Net secure speech system whose key was set through the use of punch cards within the device. Examples of the BID/150 are on display at the Royal Signals Museum, Blandford Forum.
It was first used operationally by the 15th Signal Regiment during the Aden crisis in the late 1960s and was widely used from battalion level up to corps headquarters. It remained in use until the early 1980s.
In secure mode the analogue speech signal is digitized, then encrypted by combination with the digital key generated by the BID/150; the digital stream is then fed to the transmitter, to pulse modulate the carrier. On receive, the sequence is reversed.
Good radio performance was needed for reliable secure working. To this end, vehicles carrying the C42-DM-BID/150 system were issued with a 27-foot mast and an elevated antenna. The set carried a 'Goodman Box', to check signal strengths and antenna performance. The operator had searching set-up and performance drills to be strictly followed.
# Penicillium occitanis

Penicillium occitanis is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces cellulase and pectinase. The mutant Pol6 produces a very high amount of cellulase and pectinase. This mutant might be used for industrial use.
# Cuilapa

Cuilapa, also known as Santa Rosa Cuilapa, is a town, with a population of 41,359 (2018 census), in Guatemala. It serves as the capital of the department of Santa Rosa and as the administrative seat for the surrounding municipality of Cuilapa.
Cuilapa marks the geographic center of the Americas.

## History
### 1913 earthquake

On Saturday 8 March 1913, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit Santa Rosa, destroying its department capital, Cuilapa. Both the initial quake and the aftershocks destroyed a lot of private homes, and also the cathedral and the prison, leaving behind significant human losses; similar destruction occurred at Barberena, Cerro Redondo, Llano Grande and El Zapote. Fraijanes, Pueblo Nuevo Viñas, Coatepeque and Jalpatagua were also affected. Around Cuilapa, there were landslides and road blockades, and even a long crack was reported at Los Esclavos hill.

## Climate

Cuilapa has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw).
Climate data for Amatitlán :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.8 (85.6) | 29.7 (85.5) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.2 (82.8) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.0 (82.4) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.6 (83.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 23.3 (73.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 23.6 (74.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 17.9 (64.2) | 17.2 (63.0) | 18.5 (65.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 11 (0.4) | 50 (2.0) | 226 (8.9) | 374 (14.7) | 302 (11.9) | 287 (11.3) | 353 (13.9) | 255 (10.0) | 61 (2.4) | 8 (0.3) | 1,932 (76) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org ||||||||||||||

## Geographic location

Cuilapa is surrounded by Santa Rosa Department municipalities, except by East where it borders Jutiapa:
vtePlaces adjacent to Cuilapa :
Nueva Santa Rosa
Casillas
Barberena
Cuilapa
Oratorio Jutiapa, Jutiapa Department municipality
Pueblo Nuevo Viñas
Chiquimulilla and Santa María Ixhuatán :
# Today's Railways Europe

Today's Railways Europe is an English-based monthly magazine covering rail transport in Europe. It was founded by Platform 5 in July 1994. Initially published bimonthly, from August 1997 it was published monthly. It also covered rail transport in Great Britain, and was named simply Today's Railways, until a sister publication Entrain (later Today's Railways UK) was launched in 2002, and from then on Today's Railways Europe concentrated on rail transport in Continental Europe. Production of the magazine as of 3 April 2020 was suspended due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Production resumed with the July 2020 issue.
The magazine was edited by Peter Fox until his death in 2011. Fox wrote the monthly "Grumpy Old Man" column. The present editor is Keith Barrow.
# Alameda County Study

The Alameda County Study is a longitudinal study of residents from Alameda County, California, which examines the relationship between lifestyle and health. The "1965 cohort" were given health questionnaires in 1965, 1973, 1985, 1988, 1994, and 1999. The researchers found that those who followed five practices lived healthier and longer lives:
* Avoiding smoking.
* Exercising regularly.
* Maintaining a healthy body weight.
* Sleeping seven to eight hours per night. (For related research, see Sleep#Optimal.)
* Limiting consumption of alcoholic drinks.
Another study of the Alameda cohort suggests that social and community ties can also help an individual to live longer.
Later studies of the cohort considered the impact of religiosity, social status, and hearing loss on health outcomes.
# Hamiltonella

Hamiltonella is a genus of Enterobacteria in the Gammaproteobacteria. Hamiltonella defensa is a model organism for defensive symbiosis, protecting pea aphids from parasitoid wasps. Hamiltonella has also been found as a nutritional mutualistic endosymbiont in Whiteflies.
# Turanlı, Elbeyli

Turanlı, historically Böög Şekep, is a village in the Elbeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Turkmens of the Elbegli tribe and had a population of 102 in 2022.
# Gebeler, Kızılcahamam

Gebeler is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızılcahamam, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 103 (2022).
# Gene Case

Eugene Lawrence Case (December 6, 1937 – September 9, 2010) was an American advertising executive who developed campaigns for Mennen Skin Bracer and Tums, and developed ads for political campaigns for Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 presidential election campaign, as well as for Nelson Rockefeller and Robert F. Wagner. Case was a founder of the firm Jordan McGrath Case & Partners.

## Early life

Case was born on December 6, 1937, in Knoxville, Tennessee, where his father worked for the Tennessee Valley Authority. The success his father had in the New Deal helped shape Case's liberal philosophy, saying "I saw government lift [my home] region out of Appalachian-style poverty". He earned his undergraduate degree from Cornell University, where he majored in architecture and was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. He entered the advertising field in 1961, when he took a position as a copywriter at the J. Walter Thompson agency.

## Advertising career

While with Doyle Dane Bernbach, Case worked with Tony Schwartz as part of the team that developed the "Daisy ad" for Johnson's 1964 campaign. Depicting a girl counting petals plucked from a daisy, the voiceover changes to a countdown that ends with the mushroom cloud of a nuclear explosion. Case wrote the copy for another Johnson ad in which a man who says he had always been a Republican speaks to the camera for four minutes about his fear of Barry Goldwater being elected. Case worked for Nelson Rockefeller's successful bid for a third term as Governor of New York in the 1966 elections where he produced ads on pollution control, and he later worked on New York City mayoral bids by Robert F. Wagner and Bella Abzug.
Case founded Jordan McGrath Case & Partners with Helmut Krone in 1969, operating out of a suite at the Plaza Hotel, with Pat McGrath joining shortly thereafter. A $500,000 campaign they nabbed that year for Angostura bitters was the agency's first commercial account. There he developed the "Thanks. I needed that." campaign for Mennen's Skin Bracer aftershave and the Dragnet-inspired "tum-ta-tum-tum" for Tums antacid. At its peak in the 1990s the firm had 350 employees and $500 million in annual billings. He and his partners sold Jordan McGrath to the French advertising firm Havas in 1999.
Case established the advocacy ad group Avenging Angels in 2002, creating ads for liberal causes such as those that supported a ban on assault weapons, opposed the war in Iraq, sought to stem nuclear proliferation and for the Hudson River advocacy group Riverkeeper. He told The New York Times that he was glad that he had made the shift back to issue advertising, saying "I've never been so productive, so happy — and so poor." Anti-Iraq War ads that Case had developed featuring Janeane Garofalo and Susan Sarandon in February 2003 were rejected by the major U.S. broadcast networks which said that they don't accept advocacy ads.
Case died in Manhattan at age 72 on September 9, 2010, due to a heart attack. He was survived by his third wife and their daughter, a daughter and two sons from his first marriage, a son from his second marriage and nine grandchildren.
# Gene Chilton

Gene Alan Chilton (born March 27, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL).
Chilton was born and raised in Houston, Texas, and played scholastically at Memorial High School. He played collegiately at Texas, where he was a first-team All-American as a senior.
Chilton was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 3rd round of the 1986 NFL draft. He spent two seasons with the Cardinals, followed by stints with the Kansas City Chiefs and New England Patriots.
# Syritta pilosa

Syritta pilosa is a species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

The species is found in Uganda.
# Syritta noona

Syritta noona is a species of syrphid fly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

New Ireland.
# General Lavalle Partido

General Lavalle Partido is the second-easternmost partido of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 3,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,875 km$^2$ (1,110 sq mi), and its capital city is General Lavalle, which is 323 km (201 mi) from Buenos Aires.
The partido is named after Juan Lavalle, who was a military and political figure in the early years of the Argentine state.

## Settlements

* General Lavalle
* Pavón
* Chacras de General Lavalle
# Gembong Warsono

Gembong Warsono (8 June 1963 – 14 October 2023) was an Indonesian politician of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. He was elected twice into the Jakarta Regional House of Representatives, serving as a member from 2014 until his death in 2023. He had led his party's faction in the legislature and was a critic of governor Anies Baswedan.

## Early life and family

Gembong was born in Wonogiri Regency on 8 June 1963. He obtained a degree in management from Muhammadiyah Hamka University [id]. He married Asih Purwanti and had four children.

## Career

According to Gembong, he was already a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) during the 27 July 1996 incident as a party official in the Kebayoran Lama district. Following PDI's split, he joined the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). His first electoral attempt was in the 1999 Indonesian legislative election, when he ran unsuccessfully for a legislator seat in the Jakarta Regional House of Representatives. In 2000, he became secretary of the party's South Jakarta branch, and in 2003 he was elected into South Jakarta's city council (an advisory body). Gembong once more ran and failed to secure a seat in South Jakarta in the 2004 legislative election, when he placed third among PDI-P candidates in his South Jakarta constituency while the party won two seats. For his third electoral attempt in 2009, he was ordered by the party's provincial leadership to run in West Jakarta instead and once more failed to secure a seat.
Warsono became the chairman of PDI-P's South Jakarta branch in 2010, and he secured a legislator seat in his fourth attempt in the 2014 election. Sworn in on 25 August 2014, Gembong had become leader of PDI-P's faction in the legislature by 2017. He won 17,739 votes in the 2019 election, retained his seat and his position as faction leader of PDI-P.

### Positions

During the governorship of Anies Baswedan, Gembong was a frequent critic of Baswedan's policies. Gembong attacked Baswedan's policies which involved firms owned by the provincial government, which he referred to as "policy smuggling". He had also attacked Baswedan over a 2019 plan to permit street vendors to operate on Jakarta's sidewalks, and in 2018 over the use of dumpsters imported from Germany over local products. However, he praised Baswedan's efforts in integrating Jakarta's public transport systems. He further questioned Jakarta's hosting of the Formula E motorsport championships, citing poor ticket sales and low interest from sponsors.

## Death

Gembong died at Pertamina Central Hospital in South Jakarta, on 14 October 2023, at age 60. He was buried on the same day at the Tanah Kusir Cemetery [id].
# Sârbeni

Sârbeni is a commune in Teleorman County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Sârbeni, Sârbenii de Jos and Udeni.
# Arabella Smith

Arabella Smith is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands.

## Political career

She was the first female minister on the territory, serving as Minister of Natural Resources from 1991 to 1994. She then served as Minister of Health, Youth and Sports.
# Pan-African Federation

The Pan-African Federation was a multinational Pan-African organization founded in Manchester, United Kingdom, in 1944.

## Participating groups

Participating groups included:
* Negro Association (Manchester)
* Coloured Workers Association (London)
* Coloured Peoples Association (Edinburgh)
* African Union (Glasgow)
* United Committee of Colonial and Coloured Peoples' Associations (Cardiff)
* Association of Students of African Descent (Dublin)
* Kikuyu Central Association (Kenya) represented by Jomo Kenyatta
* West African Youth League (Sierra Leone section) represented by Isaac Wallace-Johnson
* Friends of African Freedom Society (Gold Coast)

## Aims

Its aims were:
* To promote the well-being and unity of African peoples and peoples of African descent throughout the world
* To demand self-determination and independence of African peoples, and other subject races from the domination of powers claiming sovereignty and trusteeship over them
* To secure equality of civil rights for African peoples and the total abolition of all forms of racial discrimination.
* To strive to co-operate between African peoples and others who share our aspirations.
# General Assembly of Gipuzkoa

The General Assemblies of Gipuzkoa (Basque Gipuzkoako Batzar Nagusiak, Spanish Juntas Generales de Gipuzkoa) are the regional unicameral parliament of the Basque province of Gipuzkoa. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a term of 4 years. Last elections were held in 2023.

## Duties

* Adoption of foral laws.
* Election of the Deputy General of Gipuzkoa (regional president).
* Approval of budgets.
* Control and impulse the activity of the Province Government of Gipuzkoa.

## Presidents

List of presidents of the General Assembly since restoration of democracy and approval of the Basque Statute of Autonomy in 1979.
| Legislature | President | Political party |
| I. (1979–1983) | Xabier Aizarna Azula | EAJ |
| II. (1983–1987) | Xabier Aizarna Azula | EAJ |
| III. (1987–1991) | Gurutz Antsola Larrañaga | EA |
| IV. (1991–1995) | Jon Esnal Alegria | EAJ |
| V. (1995–1999) | Esther Larrañaga Agirre | EAJ |
| VI. (1999–2003) | Iñaki Alkiza Laskibar | EA |
| VII. (2003–2007) | Leire Ereño Osa | EA |
| VIII. (2007–2011) | Rafaela Romero Pozo | PSE-EE |
| IX. (2011–2015) | Lohitzune Txarola Gurrutxaga | Bildu |
| X. (2015–2019) | Eider Mendoza Larrañaga | EAJ |
| XI. (2019-2023) | Xabier Ezeizabarrena Saenz | EAJ |
# São Bartolomeu

São Bartolomeu (Portuguese for Saint Bartholomew) may refer to the following places:

## in Portugal

* São Bartolomeu (Borba), a civil parish in the municipality of Borba
* São Bartolomeu (Coimbra), a civil parish in the municipality of Coimbra
* São Bartolomeu (Vila Viçosa), a civil parish in the municipality of Vila Viçosa
* São Bartolomeu de Regatos, a civil parish in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, Azores
* São Bartolomeu dos Galegos, a civil parish in the municipality of Lourinhã
* São Bartolomeu de Messines, a civil parish in the municipality of Silves

## in Brazil

* São Bartolomeu River, a river in Goiás state
# Leemetikare

Leemetikare is an island belonging to the country of Estonia.
# Szymkowiak

Szymkowiak is a Polish surname. Notable people include:
* Edward Szymkowiak (1932-1990), Polish footballer
* Janina Szymkowiak, Polish beatified nun
* Jules Szymkowiak, Dutch racing driver
* Kerstin Szymkowiak (born 1977), German skeleton racer
* Mirosław Szymkowiak (born 1976), Polish footballer
* Tomasz Szymkowiak (born 1983), Polish athlete
# Legacy (Russell novel)

Legacy is an original novel written by Gary Russell and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Seventh Doctor, Ace, Bernice, the Ice Warriors and Alpha Centauri and a return for the Doctor to Peladon. A prelude to the novel, also penned by Russell, appeared in Doctor Who Magazine #211. All chapters in the novel are titled after Gary Numan songs.

## Reception

In 1994, Science Fiction Chronicle's Don D'Ammassa reviewed the novel as "Okay, these aren't great art, but for all its simple mindedness, I have a lot more fun in this universe than in the one created by Star Trek."
# Legacy (Ronnie Mathews album)

Legacy is an album by pianist Ronnie Mathews which was recorded in 1978 and released on the Bee Hive label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated, "Pianist Ronnie Mathews assembled an all-star group for this hard bop set. Mathews had long been a distinctive but underrated player and is heard in prime form on a varied program ... The musicians all live up to their potential".

## Personnel

* Ronnie Mathews – piano
* Bill Hardman – trumpet (tracks 1, 3-5 & 7)
* Ricky Ford – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 3-5 & 7)
* Walter Booker – bass (tracks 1 & 3-7)
* Jimmy Cobb – drums (tracks 1 & 3-7)