OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brian McGowan (politician)

Brian McGowan (23 September 1935 – 8 March 1994) was an Australian politician who was elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.
Brian McGowan was born in the Sydney suburb of Stanmore. He left school at 14 and worked as an office boy, telephone technician, tram conductor, and professional fireman. After training at Wagga Wagga Teachers College, McGowan worked at Tocumwal Primary School, Shepardstown Small School in 1961, Nowra High School, and was promoted to The Entrance High School to take up the position of English and History Master.
His political career began when he joined the Labor Party in 1968. He was elected President of the Nowra-Bomaderry Branch in 1971, and stood in the State election for Gosford in 1973. Though defeated in that year, McGowan gained election in 1976 by a mere 74 votes, and held the seat of Gosford until 1988. While in Parliament he was concerned with social and educational issues.
Upon his defeat in the 1988 election he entered Gosford Council where he served one and half years. His wife Margaret stood for the seat at the by-election and served the remainder of Brian's term, and was re-elected for a second term.
Following McGowan's death from cancer, a condolence motion was moved in the New South Wales Parliament on 10 March 1994.
A bridge linking Gosford to West Gosford was named in honour of Brian McGowan on 10 December 1995 and carries the Central Coast Highway.
He married Margaret Jackson in 1958; they had one son, Stewart, and two daughters Megan and Meredith.
# Brian Purcell

Brian Purcell (23 November 1938 – 20 January 1969) was a Welsh professional footballer who played for Swansea City between 1959 and 1968, making 165 league appearances. Purcell also played for Waun Wen and Hereford United. Purcell died in a car-crash on 20 January 1969, alongside Roy Evans.
# Tue Brook

The Tue Brook or Tew Brook is a small river or stream in Liverpool. It flows through the suburb of West Derby and is the main tributary of the River Alt. The brook is now almost entirely culverted and runs underground, but is remembered in the name of Tuebrook ward.
Although it is sometimes said to be derived from the name of the god Tiw, the name "Tue Brook", recorded as "Tubrucke" in the 16th century, may be derived from an Old English phrase meaning "meeting place by a brook". The watercourse formed the natural drainage of the districts of Walton and Club Moor, flowing north eastwards to the Alt. Over time, as the suburbs of Liverpool grew, the brook came to receive much of the sewage of the township of West Derby, with the result that it became highly polluted. The Tue Brook was, as a result, the subject of a court case in 1872, when an owner of land through which it ran was successful in obtaining an injunction in Chancery against polluters.
Much of the brook was still open as late as the earlier 20th century, but urban development along its course has resulted in the upper Tue Brook being mostly diverted underground, and the lower brook being similarly treated with the exception of some longer open stretches near Long Lane. Despite this, the brook is still locally reputed to feed the pond in Larkhill Gardens, Clubmoor, and has been identified as a significant source of historic flooding, as the culverts are of inadequate size and in poor condition.
# Patrick MacMahon (bishop)

Patrick MacMahon, O.F.M. (died c.1572 or c.1575) was Bishop of Ardagh in Ireland, recognised at various times by both the Roman Catholic church in Ireland and the Church of Ireland. His appointment to the see was approved by the Vatican on 14 November 1541. The Reformation in Ireland had begun, but there was not yet a definitive break between, on the one hand, the hierarchy recognised by the Roman Curia and, on the other hand, the established church recognised by the Dublin Castle administration of the English king Henry VIII. The Diocese of Ardagh was in the Annaly region of the Farrell clan, of whom Richard O'Ferrall had secured the temporalities of the diocese in July 1541. George Cromer, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland, recognised O'Ferrall and had him consecrated on 22 April 1542. Cromer's successor George Dowdall on 15 May 1544 appointed MacMahon instead as a suffragan bishop inter Hibernicos ("among the [Gaelic] Irish"). When the Catholic Queen Mary I succeeded to the throne in 1553, papal supremacy was recognised and MacMahon received the temporalities of Ardagh. While Monahan says that Ardagh was vacant in the Church of Ireland after the accession of Elizabeth I, others regard MacMahon as retaining his place in both hierarchies. A possibly forged papal bull, dated 1568, deprives MacMahon of his see for simony, non-residence, and neglect of the cathedral. A putative 1572 letter from Marshalsea from a former bishop "Malachy" of Ardagh, abjuring "papistical superstition" and promising loyalty to Elizabeth, may if genuine be from MacMahon. MacMahon's death is inferred to have occurred either before 5 November 1572, when a successor was appointed in the Church of Ireland, or else during 1575, before Richard Brady was appointed by the Vatican on 23 January 1576.
# Arapai

Arapai is a settlement in Eastern Uganda. It is a suburb of the town of Soroti, in Soroti District, in the Teso sub-region.

## Location

Arapai is located approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi), by road, north of the central business district of the town of Soroti, on the road between Soroti, in Soroti District and Amuria in Amuria District. This location is approximately 245 kilometres (152 mi), by road, northeast of Kampala, Uganda's capital city and largest metropolitan area. The coordinates of Arapai are:1° 46' 48.00"N, 33° 37' 30.00"E (Latitude:1.7800; Longitude:33.6250).

## Population

As of December 2013, the exact population of Arapai is not publicly known.

## Points of interest

The following points of interest are found in or near Arapai:
* The Arapai Campus of Busitema University - Home to the Faculty of Crop and Animal Science.
* The main campus of Soroti University of Science and Technology
* The campus of Teso College - A boarding boys-only middle (S1-S4) and high (S5-S6) school
* The Soroti-Amuria Road - The road passes through Arapai.
# Tulip (tower)

The Tulip was a 305-metre observation tower proposed to be constructed on 20 Bury Street in the City of London. The Tulip is a proposal by Brazilian billionaire Jacob Safra, of the Safra Group, the owner of the adjacent Gherkin building. The proposal was rejected on 11 November 2021.

## History
### Initial application and opposition

The Tulip was designed by Foster + Partners, Britain's largest architectural practice, with the intention of complementing The Gherkin, which the company also designed. The tower was to be a visitor attraction without any office space. If built, the Tulip would have been London's second tallest building. Work was planned to have started as early as 2020 with a scheduled completion date of 2025.
On 19 November 2018, an application for the building was submitted to the City of London planning authority. It faced opposition from Historic England and Historic Places, who argued that the tower would impact views of the Tower of London, and the Greater London Authority expressed "significant concerns" about the design. London City Airport officials insisted that National Air Traffic Services (NATS) be consulted regarding the impact rotating gondolas would have on its radar systems; NATS responded that "it was satisfied that no impact from either the building or the moving gondolas is anticipated." London Mayor Sadiq Khan opposed its construction, saying that the tower breaches the London Plan by restricting free entry to the publicly-accessible viewing platform. He also said that the protected views of the Tower of London would be harmed. Despite this opposition, a survey completed by 1,011 Londoners in December 2018 suggested that two-thirds believed the tower would be "an attractive addition to the London skyline".

### Rejection and revived plans

After the city's planning and transportation committee approved the scheme on 2 April 2019, Khan refused planning permission for the tower on 15 July. Historic England welcomed the rejection, saying in a statement: "We have long been of the opinion that this is the wrong building in the wrong place. We advised that its height and design – essentially a tall lift shaft with a bulge on top – would cause permanent and irreversible damage to the setting of the Tower of London, and in turn, the image and identity of the capital."
In October 2021, in a change of events, UK housing secretary Michael Gove was expected to approve the construction of the Tulip, which would overrule Khan's previous decision. The government backed the City of London Corporation, which originally approved the building and promoted it as "an important role in further realising a vision for the Square Mile as a vibrant 24/7 world-class destination." However, Gove finally rejected the proposal on 11 November 2021.
# Aphelenchoididae

Aphelenchoididae is a nematode family in the order Aphelenchida.

## List of genera

Subfamily Anomyctinae
* Genus Anomyctus
Subfamily Aphelenchoidinae
* Genus Aphelenchoides
* Genus Ficophagus
* Genus Laimaphelenchus
* Genus Martininema
* Genus Robustodorus
* Genus Punchaulus
* Genus Ruehmaphelenchus
* Genus Schistonchus
* Genus Sheraphelenchus
* Genus Tylaphelenchus
Incertae sedis:
* Genus Pseudaphelenchus
* Genus Ptychaphelenchus
# Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye

Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye (Make Yourself at Home) was a BBC television and radio programme, presented in Hindustani, with the aim of helping immigrants from South Asia to the United Kingdom to become integrated.
The programme was announced on 4 October 1965.

## Television programme

The first episode was broadcast at 9 am on Sunday 10 October 1965 as "In Logon Se Miliye" meaning "Let Me Introduce You". In January 1966 this was altered to Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye meaning "Make Yourself at Home". In 1966 it was presented by Mahendra Kaul, with Saleem Shahed. The theme song was composed and sung by Pandit Shiv Dayal Batish. In November 1968 there was another title change to Nai Zindagi Naya Jeevan, meaning "New Way, New Life". This was then replaced in June 1982 with Asian Magazine which ran until April 1987 which, along with companion programme Gharbar, ended ahead of the launch of a new single Saturday afternoon programme Network East in July 1987.

## Radio programme

The first episode was broadcast on the same day on the BBC Home Service. It continued to be broadcast on BBC Radio 4 until 28 December 1986 and throughout its 20 years on air it was called Apna Hi Ghar Samajhiye.
# Tulaby Lake

Tulaby Lake is a lake in Becker and Mahnomen counties, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Tulaby Lake was named for the freshwater fish Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the tullibee.
# Apucarana Airport

Capitão João Busse Airport (IATA: APU, ICAO: SSAP) is the airport serving Apucarana, Brazil. It is named after Captain João Alexandre Busse (1886-1921), the first aviator born in the state of Paraná.
It is operated by the Municipality of Apucarana under the supervision of Aeroportos do Paraná (SEIL).

## Airlines and destinations

No scheduled flights operate at this airport.

## Access

The airport is located 9 km (6 mi) southeast from downtown Apucarana.
# Apudessive case

Apudessive case (abbreviated APUD) is used for marking a juxtaposing spatial relation, or location next to something ("next to the house"). It is found in Tsez, Bezhta and other Northeast Caucasian languages. The name “Apudessive” derives from the Latin word apud, meaning “at” or “by.”
In the Aghul language, transitive verbs can mark the agent in a causative construction with the apudessive case. It is also possible for intransitive verbs in combination with a causative construction to be marked with the apudessive, however it is more common for such a marking to occur with transitive verbs. In Aghul, apudessive marking is exclusive to sentences in which the agent of a causative construction can express control over the situation. Inanimate agents in such constructions are never marked with the apudessive case.
The Aghul sentence is an example of the usage of the apudessive case with intransitive verbs.
dad.a
father(ERG)
uč.i-n
REFL-GEN
uqːub-ar.i-l-di
beating-PL-SUP-LAT
gada.ji-w
son-APUD
χul.a-as
house-IN.ELA
hiš.a-s
flee.IPFV-INF
q’.u-ne
do.PFV-PERF
dad.a uč.i-n uqːub-ar.i-l-di gada.ji-w χul.a-as hiš.a-s q’.u-ne
father(ERG) REFL-GEN beating-PL-SUP-LAT son-APUD house-IN.ELA flee.IPFV-INF do.PFV-PERF
Father’s beating made his son run away from home. (lit. “by his beating father made son run away from home”)
Other languages, such as Tsez, mark the Apudessive case with postpositions. The word gogoa-ɣ is marked for the apudessive with the posposition ɣ. These markings can be further combined with other suffixes. For example, the word huni-χ-oz contains both an apudessive marker and a translative suffix.
# Arch Creek Petroglyphs

The Arch Creek Petroglyphs, also known as Site 48CK41 are Native American rock art figures located in Crook County, Wyoming. The site, in the southern Black Hills, is unusual in featuring comparatively long, narrow line figures incised on the rock, compared to more common V-necked anthropomorphs and shield figures. The site is particularly well preserved and is protected.
The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.
# Arch Dale

Archibald Dale (May 31, 1882 in Dundee – 1962 in Winnipeg) was a Scottish-born cartoonist, who lived and worked for most of his adult life in Canada and Chicago.
Dale began his cartooning career as a teenager, doing various illustrated work for newspapers such as Glasgow Evening News. In the early 1920s, while living in Chicago, Dale created the comic strip The Doo Dads, which ran in several Canadian newspapers throughout the decade and reportedly also enjoyed success in merchandising. According to comics historian Bill Blackbeard, The Doo Dads seems to have been heavily influenced by the critically acclaimed comic strip Krazy Kat.
He subsequently moved to Canada, where he produced several cartoons for the Grain Growers' Guide. Dale retired in 1954, after working as a freelance artist at the Winnipeg Free Press for several decades.
His daughter Julie Dale was likewise a cartoonist.
# Brian Farm

The Brian Farm is an American Civil War area of the Gettysburg Battlefield used during the Pickett's Charge. On January 23, 2004, the farm's buildings, Boundary Stone Wall, and ID tablet were designated historic district contributing structures after the tract was used for the 1918 Camp Colt and other postwar camps.

## History

Abraham Brian (colloquially Bryan as early as 1891) was a free black man who purchased the farm in 1857 just south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (his wife died soon and he married a third wife.) The farm included an additional farm dwelling along the Emmitsburg Road. Prior to the battle, Bryan and several other blacks left the area to avoid capture and enslavement.
Battle of Gettysburg: Federal troops positioned around the Bryan House and barn were assaulted by Confederate troops of Mississippi under the command of J. Johnston Pettigrew.
After the battle the house walls were filled with bullet holes, windows were broken, and the furniture was tossed about. Farm fences were gone, crops were trampled, and his orchard trees were useless. Bryan's $1,028 federal claim for property damage resulted in $15 paid for damage by Union troops (he sold the farm in 1869.) Postbellum additions to the Abraham Brian Farm House included a 2nd floor.
The 1883 Gettysburg Cyclorama (which was made in conjunction with William H. Tipton photographs) has a painted image of the house.
The last inhabitant was Ernest Strickhouser in 1940, c. 1950 the 2-story farm house was demolished, and a 1-story reproduction of the Civil War structure was built. Battlefield monuments on the tract include the 111th New York Infantry Monument, 11th Mississippi Infantry Marker, and the Camp Colt commemorative pine tree and marker. The Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association acquired a 19th-century right-of-way and built a carriage road between the house and barn--Grand Central Avenue (now Hancock Avenue) was Telfordized (paved) shortly after GBMA lands transferred to the War Department before the turn of the century.
* American Civil War portal
# Arch of Carpentras

The Arch of Carpentras is a Roman triumphal arch from the beginning of the first century AD, located at Carpentras in the French department of Vaucluse.
It has a single fornix, framed by fluted lesenes and decorated with an archivolt of vine tendrils. At the outer corners there are engaged columns. On the sides there are images of trophies flanked by barbarian prisoners. These trophy reliefs are also found on the short sides of the Arch of Orange, which is however more richly decorated.
The arch was originally located on the city's cardo maximus. Later it was incorporated into the old cathedral as an access door and still later into the episcopal palace (now the courthouse).
The arch was included in the first list of French historic monuments in 1840.

## Interpretation

Various theories have been proposed for the motivation for its construction. The theories are essentially based on the interpretation of the barbarian prisoners on the two reliefs (on the west side a German and an eastern barbarian with a Phrygian beard, another eastern barbarian and a person with a diadem which might indicate a Hellenistic king on the east side).
* Gilbert Picard has proposed that the arch was built to symbolically commemorate the victory of Augustus in the eastern and northern regions. Pierre Gros also proposed a date before 10 AD on the basis of the decorative motifs and a reference to the theme of Augustus' universal victory in the face of the succession issue of the last years of this Emperor's reign.
* R. Turcan has instead suggested that it was a celebration of the victories of Tiberius in the east and west in the years 18–19, perhaps related to the foundation of the colonia Julia Meminorum at Carpentras.
# Pat Haggerty

Patrick or Pat Haggerty is the name of:
* Pat Haggerty (American football official) (1927–1994), American football official
* Patrick E. Haggerty (1914–1980), Texas Instruments co-founder
* Patrick Haggerty (country singer) (1944–2022), a musician with the band Lavender Country
# Archbishop of Chiatura

Chiatura is a city in the country of Georgia. It is the seat of an archbishop of the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church.

## List of Orthodox archbishops of Chiatura

* 21st century: Abraham (Abraam)
* 2010-Present (as of 2014) (Acting): Metropolitan Daniel (Georgian: დანიელი, Datuashvili)
# Bronco (Canaan Smith album)

Bronco is the debut studio album by American country music singer Canaan Smith. It was released on June 23, 2015 via Mercury Nashville. The album includes all five songs from his self-titled extended play, including the number one single "Love You Like That". The title track is a tribute to Smith's older brother, Nathaniel, who died in a car crash.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at No. 4 on the Top Country Albums chart, and at No. 29 on the US Billboard 200, selling 12,000 copies for week. The album has sold 38,700 copies as of March 2016.

## Personnel

* Brett Beavers – banjo, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, baritone guitar, electric guitar, handclapping, keyboards, mandolin, programming, sounds, stomping, synthesizer
* Duffy Brown – electric guitar
* Dan Couch – background vocals
* Kenny Fuller – electric guitar
* Mike Johnson – pedal steel guitar
* Darren Rayl – drums
* Jimmy Robbins – banjo, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, mandolin, percussion, programming
* Canaan Smith – 12-string acoustic guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, handclapping, keyboards, percussion, programming, sounds, synthesizer, lead vocals, background vocals
* Ryan Tyndell – electric guitar, handclapping, percussion, programming, sounds, synthesizer, background vocals

## Chart performance
### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions | Peak chart positions |
| Year | Single | US Country | US Country Airplay | US | CAN Country | CAN |
| 2014 | "Love You Like That" | 6 | 1 | 46 | 20 | 84 |
| 2015 | "Hole in a Bottle" | 30 | 23 | — | 50 | — |
# PathMinder

PathMinder is file manager software, or DOS shell originally designed for use under DOS disk operating systems. Published by Westlake Data Corporation of Austin, Texas, and designed by Albert Nurick and Brittain Fraley, it was first released on 30 September 1984 and became fairly popular. Although the user interface was composed of text characters, it had many graphical elements, especially when PathMinder Plus was released in 1989, and the Reconfigurable User Interface was introduced.
PathMinder won numerous computer industry awards and product comparisons, and was nominated for PC Magazine's Technical Excellence award.
PathMinder was the first DOS shell to incorporate an integrated text editor, the first to include an application manager, and the first to include activity logging.
The program filled a required niche in the market, as DOS shipped with no graphical file manager, until the generally unsuccessful DOS Shell that was provided with MS-DOS 4.
PathMinder had several key features which contributed to its success, including a virtual loader that required only 4 KB of RAM when other programs were running, an important feature when less than 640 KB of RAM were available on systems of the day.
A version of PathMinder was independently developed in 1988 to run on the CP/M operating system.
PathMinder suffered a terminal decline after the widespread usage of Microsoft Windows. Westlake Data released a version of PathMinder designed for the Windows 3.1 operating system called PathMinder Does Windows, but it met with little critical or commercial success.
# PathCheck

PathCheck Foundation is a volunteer-led nonprofit organization founded in February 2020 at MIT that develops COVID-19 apps for digital contact tracing. The organization consists of over 1000 volunteers. In addition, various companies donate employee time to the foundation. The organization was previously known as COVID Safe Paths (and before MIT Safe Paths) but was renamed PathCheck Foundation on June 28, 2020.
The original technology for the PathCheck app was based on the MIT Private Kit: Safe Paths app created by Ramesh Raskar with Sandy Pentland, Kent Larson, Steve Penrod, and Kevin Esvelt. The founding team included Abhishek Singh, Kristen Vilcans, Alina Clough, Francesco Maria Bendetti, Kaushal Jain, Khahlil Louisy, Sienna Leis, Greg Nadeau, Rachel Barbar, and John Werner.
On July 8, 2020, Ramesh Raskar, chairman of PathCheck Foundation, addressed the United States House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services Task Force on Artificial Intelligence during their hearing on "Exposure Notification and Contact Tracing: How AI Helps Localities Reopen Safely and Researchers Find a Cure", describing the use of contact tracing technologies used by PathCheck. He also spoke about PathCheck's surveillance and privacy methods at the Wall Street Journal Tech Health event.
Apps developed by PathCheck have been adopted by the governments of Minnesota, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, Teton County, Wyoming (home of Yellowstone National Park), and Cyprus.