OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bertrand Evelyn Mellish Gurdon

Lieutenant-Colonel Bertrand Evelyn Mellish Gurdon CIE DSO (2 September 1867 - 6 October 1949) was a British soldier and administrator. He gained prominence as an officer during the Siege of Chitral.

## Life and career

Gurdon was born on 2 September 1867 at Simla, Punjab, India, the third son of Major-General Evelyn Pulteney Gurdon. He was the uncle of the university administrator Bertrand Hallward.
He received education and training from Haileybury Imperial Service College and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned into the British Indian Army on 25 August 1886. His first posting was in the Foreign and Political Department of the British Indian Army. In 1892 he was posted as Assistant to the British Agent at Gilgit. As Lieutenant, in 1892, he was posted as Acting Assistant Political Agent in Chitral in the turbulent period following the death of Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk. He was serving in that capacity when the Siege of Chitral unfolded in 1895.
He played an active role during the conflict, and was subsequently decorated as Companion of the Distinguished Service Order. Following the lifting of the siege Gurdon was stationed in Chitral as Assistant Political Officer of the state until late 1902. In 1900 he was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire. In 1903 he was appointed Political Agent of the Gilgit Agency and served there until 1906. In 1908 he was entrusted with the post of Political Agent Khyber Agency. His next posting was as Political Agent Rajputana Agency. 1912 saw Gurdon being promoted as Ltieutenant Colonel. He later served as Political Agent of the Phulkian States Agency from 1913 to 1916. He was scheduled for another promotion but owing to ill health sought leave and then premature retirement in 1918.

## Death

Gurdon died a natural death at the age of 82 in Crowborough, Sussex on 6 October 1949.
# Bertrand Denis

Bertrand Denis (1902–1986) was a French industrialist and politician.

## Politics

He was a general councilor (French: conseiller général) of the Mayenne department of the Pays de la Loire region in north-west France from 1945. In 1953 he became the mayor of the commune of Contest in the Mayenne department.
Denis was a member of the French National Assembly from 1958 to 1978.
In 1962, Denis left the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP) party to be involved in the formation of the Independent Republicans (French: Républicains Indépendants, RI) party.
Bertrand Denis is a graduate of HEC Paris.
# They Will Kill Us All (Without Mercy)

"They Will Kill Us All (Without Mercy)" is a song by the Los Angeles–based punk rock band The Bronx, released as the first single from their 2003 debut album The Bronx. It was their first single to chart, reaching No. 65 on the UK Singles Chart.
While the album was released by Ferret Music and the band's own label White Drugs, the singles for all of their albums have been released exclusively in the United Kingdom, through Wichita Recordings. The single was released on both compact disc and 7-inch vinyl, the latter pressed on white vinyl and limited to 1,500 copies. The B-side song is a live recording of "I Got Chills" from a performance at the Three Clubs in Hollywood. The cover artwork was designed by guitarist Joby J. Ford.
The music video for "They Will Kill Us All (Without Mercy)" was directed by Mike Piscitelli. It depicts an African American man in a heavy jacket walking through Los Angeles, lip syncing the song's lyrics while dancing and making exaggerated gestures to the music. The band members appear as extras whom the man bumps into or passes on the street. During the final chorus the man is shot in the chest by an unseen gunman and bleeds to death on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In a 2009 interview, singer Matt Caughthran named it as his favorite of the band's videos and explained its nature:
   The idea behind that video was that if the TV was turned all the way down and there was no sound, it would look like a hip-hop video. The great thing about that was that it actually worked, 'cause I would get interviews, like we were in Sweden for [...] the Hultsfred Festival and I was doing press and I sit down with this lady and she just starts laughing. She goes "I think there's a mistake here. I think this is the wrong band." I'm like "What are you talking about?" She's like "I'm here to interview The Bronx", and I'm like "That's me. I sing for The Bronx." She's like "But you're not black." [...] That was a good moment, 'cause that means the video worked.

## Track listing
### CD version

All tracks are written by The Bronx

### Vinyl version
## Personnel
### Band

* Matt Caughthran – lead vocals
* Joby J. Ford – guitar, backing vocals, artwork and design
* James Tweedy – bass guitar, backing vocals
* Jorma Vik – drums

### Production

* Gilby Clarke – producer, recording
* Howie Weinberg – mastering
# Bentley Heath

Bentley Heath is a village in the West Midlands Borough of Solihull, England, approximately 3 miles southeast of Solihull town centre. The population taken at the 2011 census can be found under the Local Authority.

## Location

Bentley Heath is to the north of the M40 and east of the M42 which, along with a small but important green belt area, separates the village and its larger neighbours of Dorridge and Knowle from the Birmingham conurbation. It falls in the Meriden Gap and historically was part of Warwickshire. It is 125 metres (400 ft) above sea-level, located on the Midlands Plateau. The village shares the B93 postcode with its larger contiguous neighbours Dorridge and Knowle.

## Features

There is a relatively large amount of green space to be found in Bentley Heath, with the park, Bentley Heath School fields and various small greens dotted around the residential roads. In the village itself is the aforementioned C of E school, a village hall, a butcher's, a local Co-Operative store, a carpet shop, a post office and a newsagent. There is a beauty salon, a hair salon, a cafe and an Indian restaurant, plus a florists in the village centre and an Edward VII pillar box situated under a large oak tree next to the bus stop. The only Public House in Bentley Heath is The Drum & Monkey which is owned by the Chef & Brewer chain.

## History
### Earliest existence

It is likely that the Heath was first inhabited in Anglo Saxon times. The Domesday Book records the land as belonging to Turchil of Warwick. After changing hands a number of times, the most famous Lord of the Manor was Lord Byron after whose wife Lady Byron Lane in Knowle is named. Widney Manor is referred to back in the reign of Henry III. Bentley Heath was first mentioned in its own right in 1280 where reference was made to the "Heath at Benteley".
Widney Manor came into the ownership of the Holbech family in the reign of Elizabeth I. No one landlord owned the land of Bentley Heath as the estate was split up in 1738; in the mid-19th century the main landowners were Thomas Haydon, Lady Noel Byron and Ann Musgrove.
Around 1850, the Great Western Railway was built, splitting the estate in two. The Muntz family bought some of the land in the latter part of the 19th century.

## Bentley Heath Church of England Primary School

Bentley Heath C of E Primary School is the only primary school in the village.

## Neighbourhood Forum

Knowle, Dorridge and Bentley Heath Neighbourhood Forum was formed in 2015 with the purpose of bringing together the people from the three adjoining villages to define how they would like to see the villages develop in the future. The Forum will collate the policies developed into a draft Neighbourhood Plan for the three villages during 2017, and subsequently arrange for a local referendum to create the Neighbourhood Plan as a statutory planning document for the area. The Forum is run entirely by volunteers, and by Spring 2017 had a membership of over 800.
# Benson, Louisiana

Benson is an unincorporated community in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Located approximately halfway between Mansfield and Converse on the Kansas City Southern Railroad, it is an historic sawmill town.
# Polar see-saw

The polar see-saw (also: bipolar seesaw) is the phenomenon that temperature changes in the northern and southern hemispheres may be out of phase. The hypothesis states that large changes, for example when the glaciers are intensely growing or depleting, in the formation of ocean bottom water in both poles take a long time to exert their effect in the other hemisphere. Estimates of the period of delay vary; one typical estimate is 1,500 years. This is usually studied in the context of ice cores taken from Antarctica and Greenland.
# Basilica of Ballsh

The Basilica of Ballsh (Albanian: Bazilika e Ballshit) is a Cultural Monument of Albania, located in Ballsh, Fier County.
# Amt Gransee und Gemeinden

Amt Gransee und Gemeinden is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Oberhavel, in Brandenburg, Germany. Its seat is in Gransee.
The Amt Gransee und Gemeinden consists of the following municipalities:
* Gransee
* Großwoltersdorf
* Schönermark
* Sonnenberg
* Stechlin

## Demography

* Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)
* Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2020-2030 (green line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line)
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 9,978 | — |
| 1890 | 10,722 | +0.48% |
| 1910 | 10,434 | −0.14% |
| 1925 | 10,740 | +0.19% |
| 1933 | 10,627 | −0.13% |
| 1939 | 11,197 | +0.87% |
| 1946 | 16,517 | +5.71% |
| 1950 | 15,603 | −1.41% |
| 1964 | 12,934 | −1.33% |
| 1971 | 12,623 | −0.35% |
| 1981 | 11,938 | −0.56% |
| 1985 | 11,858 | −0.17% |
| 1989 | 11,572 | −0.61% |
| 1990 | 11,536 | −0.31% |
| 1991 | 11,301 | −2.04% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1992 | 11,203 | −0.87% |
| 1993 | 11,074 | −1.15% |
| 1994 | 10,969 | −0.95% |
| 1995 | 10,838 | −1.19% |
| 1996 | 10,823 | −0.14% |
| 1997 | 10,805 | −0.17% |
| 1998 | 10,726 | −0.73% |
| 1999 | 10,681 | −0.42% |
| 2000 | 10,695 | +0.13% |
| 2001 | 10,588 | −1.00% |
| 2002 | 10,411 | −1.67% |
| 2003 | 10,384 | −0.26% |
| 2004 | 10,256 | −1.23% |
| 2005 | 10,095 | −1.57% |
| 2006 | 10,004 | −0.90% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 2007 | 9,839 | −1.65% |
| 2008 | 9,656 | −1.86% |
| 2009 | 9,567 | −0.92% |
| 2010 | 9,390 | −1.85% |
| 2011 | 9,237 | −1.63% |
| 2012 | 9,113 | −1.34% |
| 2013 | 8,984 | −1.42% |
| 2014 | 8,966 | −0.20% |
| 2015 | 9,063 | +1.08% |
| 2016 | 9,139 | +0.84% |
| 2017 | 9,148 | +0.10% |
| 2018 | 9,115 | −0.36% |
| 2019 | 9,131 | +0.18% |
| 2020 | 9,108 | −0.25% |
# Anna Metcalfe

Anna Metcalfe is a British writer. She was born in Germany and studied literature at the University of York. She continued her postgraduate studies at the University of East Anglia, receiving a PhD in creative and critical writing. She now teaches creative writing at Birmingham University.
Metcalfe writes fiction. Her short stories have been widely anthologized. Her debut collection Blind Water Pass (2016) included the story "Number Three", shortlisted for the Sunday Times Short Story Award. Her debut novel Chrysalis was published in 2023.
In 2023, Metcalfe was named by Granta magazine as one of the best young writers in Britain.
# Pierre Cormon

Pierre Cormon, born 1965 in Ambilly, France, is a Swiss writer and has published books in French, Brazilian Portuguese and English, including Swiss Politics for Complete Beginners.

## Biography

He began his career as a journalist with Le Nouveau Quotidien in 1992, then worked as a delegate for the International Committee of the Red Cross in Gaza, Yemen and Rwanda between 1993 and 1996. He resumed his career as a journalist with the Journal de Genève, La Liberté and Entreprise romande. At the same time, between 2000 and 2005, he studied the oud (oriental lute) at the Arabic Oud House in Cairo, under the guidance of the Iraqi master Naseer Shamma. He drew on this experience in his novel Le Traître, which tells the story of a Swiss living in Cairo who becomes embroiled in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He is also the author of a book explaining the Swiss political system to foreignersand of a novel written directly in Brazilian Portuguese, set during Rio carnival.

## Works

* Le Génie de l’aubergine, Atelier du poisson soluble, 1997, ISBN 9782950456854
* Les Mémoires de Satan, Atelier du poisson soluble, 2005, ISBN 9782913741331
* Le Traître, Slatkine, 2010, ISBN 9782832103913
* Swiss Politics for Complete Beginners, Slatkine, 2014, ISBN 9782832106075
** La politique Suisse pour les débutants, Slatkine, 2016, ISBN 9782832107539
* O Grande Dia, Quixote + Do, 2024, ISBN 978-8566256918
# Çağşak, Mudurnu

Çağşak is a village in the Mudurnu District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 118 (2021).
# Centron

Centron may refer to:
* a brand name for ormeloxifene
* Centron Corporation, a former industrial and educational film production company
* Centron (weevil), a beetle genus in the tribe Alophini
# Aeschremon desertalis

Aeschremon desertalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Jan Asselbergs in 2008 and is found in the United Arab Emirates.
# Body & Society

Body & Society is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly research on the body. The journal was established in 1995 and is published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the TCS Centre, formerly based at Nottingham Trent University and now operating primarily out of Goldmiths, University of London.

## Abstracting and indexing

Body & Society is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 2.900, ranking it 10th out of 146 journals in the "Sociology" category.
# Vilayat Cherkessia

Vilayat Cherkessia was a vilayat (province) of the Caucasus Emirate, made up of Adygea and the southern part of Krasnodar Krai existing from 2007 to 2017. The group came to light during the 2014 Sochi Olympics, due to the threat of attacks. However, it never carried out any military operations during its entire existence.
# Bereg cross stitch

Bereg cross stitch is an ancient tradition preserving folk arts disciplines. The center of cultivation is at the eastern part of Hungary, the so-called Bereg landscape.
The Bereg full cross is stitch needlework. The raw material is drawing canvas without colored filet silk is the pattern. The most common patterns are of birds, little flowers, the tulip, lily of the acorn and the Rákóczi pattern. The patterns are constantly changing, with new motifs and colors are expanding, but retain the basic form of the specific nature of the landscape. The traditional type of embroidery uses colors of red and blue, but there is already light blue-dark blue, red, black, or purple color version. The decorative motifs embroidering frequently used items such as blue copper ore the subrika or contour. They are more valuable to make the pattern. The Bereg samples rich in treasure, but in the public mind there are only few live versions. In one of the most popular designs of flowers, including roses, tulips and carnations which has the greatest role. These motifs appear in many different forms, the width of the span of 1–2 cm in size.
Each works are of all shapes according to own preferences. The original cross stitch Bereg red and blue color scheme made now rather red and black colors are used, but are made of handmade brown and blue as well. This cross stitch has been used since the 18th century.
# X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita

X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita is a genetic disorder that mainly affects males. It involves many endocrine tissues in the body, especially the adrenal glands.

## Presentation

One of the main characteristics of this disorder is adrenal insufficiency, which is a reduction in adrenal gland function resulting from incomplete development of the gland's outer layer (the adrenal cortex). Adrenal insufficiency typically begins in infancy or in childhood and can cause vomiting, difficulty with feeding, dehydration, extremely low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), low sodium levels, and shock. However, adult-onset cases have also been described. See also Addison's disease.
Affected males may also lack male sex hormones, which leads to underdeveloped reproductive tissues, undescended testicles (cryptorchidism), delayed puberty, and an inability to father children (infertility). These characteristics are known as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Females are rarely affected by this disorder, but a few cases have been reported of adrenal insufficiency or a lack of female sex hormones, resulting in underdeveloped reproductive tissues, delayed puberty, and an absence of menstruation.

## Genetics

Mutations in the NR0B1 gene located on the X chromosome (Xp21.3-p21.2) cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. The NR0B1 gene provides instructions to make a transcription factor protein called DAX1 that helps control the activity of certain genes. When the NR0B1 gene is deleted or mutated, the activity of certain genes is not properly controlled. This leads to problems with the development of the adrenal glands, two structures in the brain (the hypothalamus and pituitary gland), and reproductive tissues (the ovaries or testes). These tissues are important for the production of many hormones that control various functions in the body. When these hormones are not present in the correct amounts, the signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism can result. This condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.
# Brodiaea stellaris

Brodiaea stellaris is a species of flowering plant in the cluster-lily genus known by the common name starflower brodiaea.
The bulb is endemic to northern California, where it grows on the serpentine soils of the North California Coast Ranges. Flowering peaks in May

## Description

Brodiaea stellaris is a perennial that produces a short inflorescence only a few centimeters tall which bears flowers on pedicels. Each flower has six blue-purple tepals up to 1.5 centimeters long. At the center of the flower are large white sterile stamens called staminodes which surround the distinctive forked fertile stamens.
# Ammonius

Ammonius is a masculine given name which may refer to:
* Ammonius Lithotomos (3rd century BC), Alexandrian Greek lithotomist
* Ammonius of Alexandria, ancient Olympic athlete who won the stadion race in the 131st Olympiad in 256 BCE
* Ammonius of Alexandria, ancient grammarian
* Ammonius of Athens (1st century AD), philosopher and teacher of Plutarch
* Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD), Alexandrian Neoplatonist philosopher and teacher of Plotinus
* Ammonius of Alexandria (Christian philosopher) (3rd century AD), Christian writer confused with Ammonius Saccas
* Ammonius the Hermit, called Saint Amun, 4th century abbot and desert father
* Ammonius Grammaticus (fl. 389), Egyptian priest from Alexandria, supposed author of a grammatical treatise
* Ammonius Hermiae (5th century AD), Alexandrian philosopher
* Ammonius (Alexandrian monk) (c. 5th century AD)
# Torolf Elster

Torolf Elster (27 May 1911 – 4 November 2006) was a Norwegian newspaper and radio journalist, magazine editor, novelist, crime fiction writer and writer of short stories. He was Director-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) from 1972 to 1981.

## Background

Elster was born in Kristiania. His parents were author and literary critic Kristian Elster, Jr. (1881–1947) and Ragnhild Poulsen (1885–1958). He was married to poet and psychoanalyst Magli Elster (née Raknes, daughter of psychologist Ola Raknes and poet and playwright Aslaug Vaa). He was the father of philosopher Jon Elster.

## Journalist and literary career

Elster made his literary debut in 1936 with the novel Muren. He was a sales manager at the publishing company Tiden Norsk Forlag in the late 1930s. He was a member of the communist movement Mot Dag before the German occupation of Norway 1940–1945, during which he had to flee the country. The novel Historien om Gottlob was issued in 1941. In Stockholm he edited the underground newspaper Håndslag, together with Eyvind Johnson and Willy Brandt. Håndslag was smuggled into Norway and distributed illegally. Funded by the Norwegian legation in Stockholm, it was issued once every second week, and was printed in 15–20,000 copies towards the end of the war. Elster was also a commentator in Norsk Tidend.
Elster was a foreign editor for Arbeiderbladet from 1945 to 1946, and editor of the labour movement's magazine Kontakt from 1947 to 1954. He then wrote for Arbeiderbladet for almost ten years, from 1954 to 1963. During this time he also wrote several non-fiction books, mainly political literature: Frihet og demokrati (Freedom and Democracy, 1947), Øst og Vest (East and West, 1948), Sosialismen under debatt (Socialism Under Debate, 1950) and Sovjetmysteriet (The Soviet Mystery, 1957). He started working as a program manager for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in 1963, and was Director-General from 1972 to 1981.
Elster was awarded the Riverton Prize for the crime novel Thomas Pihls annen lov (1982). In 1986 he and Magli Elster were awarded the Fritt Ord Award. He died in 2006 in Oslo.
# Pierre Corini

Pierre Corini (born 14 February 1887, date of death unknown) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode in the 1926 Tour de France.
# Çağşak, Çorum

Çağşak is a village in the Çorum District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 89 (2022).