OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Friedrich Gollwitzer

Friedrich Gollwitzer (27 April 1889 – 25 March 1977) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany who commanded the LIII Army Corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
With the outbreak of the First World War, Gollwitzer was appointed adjutant of the replacement battalion. In the same position he joined the 2nd Reserve Engineer Battalion in mid-January 1915 and was promoted to lieutenant on 1 June 1915. Gollwitzer ended the war as a captain, awarded both classes of the Iron Cross and the Military Merit Order.
Gollwitzer surrendered to the Soviet troops in June 1944 during the Vitebsk–Orsha Offensive. Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union, he was held until October 1955. In West Germany, Gollwitzer was investigated for war crimes allegedly committed under his command during the 1939 invasion of Poland.

## Allegations of war crimes

In 1964 the public prosecutor's office in Amberg (West Germany) started an inquiry against Gollwitzer over his alleged involvement in war crimes. In 1968 Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes in Ludwigsburg received a letter from Ferdinand D. – a Wehrmacht veteran – who accused Gollwitzer of committing several atrocities during the Invasion of Poland in 1939. In his letter the veteran stated that: "activities of 41st Infantry Regiment under the command of Colonel Gollwitzer (...) were nothing less than genocide. Despite the fact that in Poland there were no partisans at that time almost no village from Kalisz to Warsaw had survived because Gollwitzer sparked an obsession with the partisans in his soldiers' minds". In particular, Gollwitzer was accused of ordering the execution of 18 Poles in the village of Torzeniec, which was blamed for the death of three German soldiers (in fact the soldiers were victims of friendly fire). However, the prosecutor's office in Amberg decided to drop the investigation against Gollwitzer.

## Awards

* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 8 February 1943 as Generalleutnant and commander of 88. Infanterie-Division
# Stockholms ström (song)

Stockholms ström is a song written by Magnus Lindh, and originally recorded by Aston Reymers Rivaler on the 1980 album Kräål as well as appearing on the 1981 album Finaste blandning.
The song charted at Svensktoppen for seven weeks between 18 January-1 March 1981, peaking at eight position.
In 2004, the song was recorded by Gösta Engström on the album Gösta Engström & Kavringarna på S/S Saltsjön. In 2010, it was recorded by Rigo & the Topaz Sound.
The song lyrics arguing for no watercourse in the world compares to Stockholms ström.
# Stokłosy

Stokłosy is a neighbourhood in Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Ursynów, in the City Information System area of North Ursynów. It is a residential area, consisting of the highrise multifamily housing.
It was constructed in 1977, together with Jary, as the neighbourhoods of the North Ursynów residential area. In 1992, there was opened the Vistula University, which is one of the oldest, and one of the leading private universities in Poland. In 1995, in Stokłosy were opened two stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system, which are Ursynów, and Stokłosy.

## History

On 14 May 1951 the area of modern Stokłosy was incorporated into the city of Warsaw.
Stokłosy was constructed between 1971 and 1977, together with Jary, as neighbourhoods of the residencial area of North Ursynów. It was built between Dolina Służewiecka Street, Rodowicza Street, Ciszewskiego Street, Pileckiego Street, and Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, and located to the east from Jary. In it were constructed 4- and 13-storey multifamily residential large panel system buildings, and prefabricated reinforced concrete service buildings. The main architects responsible for the project were Marek Budzyński, Jerzy Szczepanik-Dzikowski, and Andrzej Szkop.
On 19 September 1990, at 8 Bacewiczówna Street, was opened the first IKEA store in Poland. It operated until 1992, with company moving to other locations in the city.
In 1992, at 3 Stokłosy Street, was opened the Vistula University, one of the oldest, and one of the leading private universities in Poland.
On 7 April 1995, in Stokłosy were opened two stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system. They are Ursynów station, located at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Surowieckiego Street, and Bartoka Street, and Stokłosy station, at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Jastrzębowskiego Street, and Herbsta Street.
In 1998, the district of Ursynów was subdivided into the areas of the City Information System, with Stokłosy becoming part of North Ursynów.

## Characteristics

Stokłosy mostly consists of the residencial area with highrise multifamily housing.
There are located two stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro rapid transit underground system. They are Ursynów station, located at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Surowieckiego Street, and Bartoka Street, and Stokłosy station, at the intersection of Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue, Jastrzębowskiego Street, and Herbsta Street.
At 3 Stokłosy Street, is also located the Vistula University, which is one the leading private universities in Poland.

## Location and administrative boundaries

Stokłosy is located within the district of Ursynów in the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is part of the City Information System area of North Ursynów. To the north, its border is determined by Dolina Służewiecka Street; to the east, by Rodowicza Street; to the south, by Ciszewskiego Street; and to the west, by Komisji Edukacji Narodowej Avenue.
# Friedrich Benjamin Osiander

Friedrich Benjamin Osiander (9 February 1759, Zell unter Aichelberg – 25 May 1822, Göttingen) was an obstetrician at Göttingen, who invented uterine traction forceps. He was the father of obstetrician Johann Friedrich Osiander.
He studied medicine at the University of Tübingen, and following graduation (1779), settled as a general practitioner in Kirchheim unter Teck. In 1792 he became an associate professor of obstetrics at the University of Göttingen.

## Principal works

* Lehrbuch der Hebammenkunst : sowohl zum Unterricht angehender Hebammen als zum Lesebuch für jede Mutter, 1796 - Textbook of midwifery.
* Neue Denkwürdigkeiten für Aerzte und Geburtshelfer, 1797 - New memorandum for physicians and obstetricians.
* Handbuch der Entbindungskunst, 1818 - Handbook of obstetrics.
# Nimba otter shrew

The Nimba otter shrew (Micropotamogale lamottei) is a dwarf otter shrew and belongs to the mammal family Potamogalidae. Otter shrews are shrew-like afrotherian mammals found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are most closely related to the tenrecs of Madagascar. This species belongs to the genus Micropotamogale, literally meaning "tiny river weasel". It is native to the Mount Nimba area which rests along the border of Liberia, Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) in West Africa.

## Description

The Nimba otter shrew is a small-bodied mammal. Weighing only about 125 g (4.4 oz) it has a body length of 15–22 cm (5.9–8.7 in) with a quarter to a third of its body size being its tail. It has been described as a "miniature sea otter with a rat tail". Its pelage is long, hiding its ears and eyes, and almost always universally colored (usually brown, but black and gray otter shrews have been spotted).

## Evolution and life history

The Nimba otter shrew is classified as a member of Potamogalidae, which is related to afrotherian tenrecs, based on morphological structures. Molecular data also support the relationship. Unfortunately, due to heavy mining operations for iron ore in the Mount Nimba area, the fossil record is all but destroyed. It is also difficult for scientists to gain access because the mountain crosses the borders of three different countries.

## Ecology and behavior

The Nimba otter shrew is nocturnal and semiaquatic. It resides in soft soils around creek beds and streams. It is a solitary creature and has only been seen with other shrews during mating seasons and when a mother is nursing newly born young. The breeding pattern of the Nimba otter shrew is also unknown, but believed to be polygamous; as there have been no witnessed accounts of breeding in the wild and the Nimba otter shrew has not mated in captivity.

## Conservation status

The IUCN had listed the Nimba otter shrew as endangered in 1990, but in 2018 the status was changed to vulnerable. The species is confined to an area of less than 5,000 km² on Mount Nimba, which is currently fragmented due to mining and wetland rice agriculture. The mining operations also produce runoff into the creeks and streambeds that is highly toxic. The current population is decreasing at a rate of 1 per 10 km² (almost 500 otter shrews per year). Although an exact number is unknown at this time, there is believed to be less than 2500–3500 individuals in the wild; there are none in captivity. At this rate the Nimba otter shrew was predicted to be extinct between 2017 and 2020. The population within Liberia's East Nimba Nature Reserve was reported healthy in 2013. The species is also present in the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve of Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire, but this reserve is adjacent to a mining operation and is not fully protected from poaching.
# Nimba flycatcher

The Nimba flycatcher (Melaenornis annamarulae) is a small passerine bird of the genus Melaenornis in the flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is native to the West African countries of Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
# From a Whisper to a Scream

From a Whisper to a Scream may refer to:
* "From a Whisper to a Scream", a 1970 song by Allen Toussaint from the album Toussaint
* From a Whisper to a Scream, a 1971 album by Esther Phillips
* "From a Whisper to a Scream" (song), a 1981 song by Elvis Costello
* From a Whisper to a Scream (film), a 1987 horror film
* "From a Whisper to a Scream" (Grey's Anatomy), an episode of Grey's Anatomy
# 292 Ludovica

292 Ludovica is a main belt asteroid.
It was discovered by Johann Palisa on 25 April 1890 in Vienna.
# 2934 Aristophanes

2934 Aristophanes /ˌærɪˈstɒfəniːz/, provisional designation 4006 P-L, is a carbonaceous Veritasian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey in 1960, and later named after ancient Greek dramatist Aristophanes.

## Discovery

Aristophanes was discovered on 25 September 1960, by Dutch astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at the Palomar Observatory, California, United States.

### Palomar–Leiden survey

The survey designation P-L stands for "Palomar–Leiden", named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.

## Orbit and classification

Aristophanes is a member of the Veritas family (609), a young family of carbonaceous asteroids, that formed approximately 8.5±0.5 million years ago. The family is named after 490 Veritas and consists of nearly 1,300 members.$^{:8,23}$
It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.0–3.3 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,062 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.05 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Palomar, the night prior to its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, Aristophanes is a Ch-type, a hydrated subtype of the carbonaceous C-type asteroid with absorption features at 0.7 μm.

### Rotation period

As of 2017, no rotational lightcurve of Aristophanes has been obtained from photometric observations. The asteroid's rotation period, shape and poles remain unknown.

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Aristophanes measures 21.941 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.110.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after Aristophanes (445–385 B.C.), a Greek comic playwright of ancient Athens. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 29 September 1985 (M.P.C. 10044).
# Fritz White

Fritz White (January 14, 1930 - April 11, 2010) was an American Korean War veteran and sculptor of the American West. His work can be seen at the Gilcrease Museum, the Museum of Western Art, and the Phoenix Art Museum.

## Life

White was born on January 14, 1930, in Southwest Ohio. He began studying art at age 12, and he served in the Korean War as a Marine. He graduated from the University of Cincinnati, where he played football.
White began designing sculptures in 1962, and he joined the Cowboy Artists of America in 1972. In 1978, he was one of the first artists to move to Loveland, Colorado; it later became an art colony for sculptors. White turned an old church into his studio.
White won seven gold medals for his sculptures from the CAA. His work was added to the collections of the Gilcrease Museum and the Phoenix Art Museum. A large sculpture he designed for the Museum of Western Art in Kerrville, Texas stands in front of the main entrance.
With his wife Ina, White resided in Loveland, Colorado. He died on April 11, 2010.
# From the Ground Up (The Roots EP)

From the Ground Up is an EP released by the Roots in 1994. It was the group's first album on a major label, having recently signed with Geffen Records. It featured four songs that would appear on their album, Do You Want More?!!!??!
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Loaded | (Positive) |
| RapReviews | 8/10 |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | B+ |

## Track listing

* "It's Comin'" – 6:31
* "Distortion to Static" – 4:26
* "Mellow My Man" – 4:49
* "Dat Scat" – 5:19
* "Worldwide (London Groove)" – 8:16
* "Do You Want More?!" – 3:29
# From the Ground Up (Shady Bard album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Drowned in Sound | 9/10 |
| God Is in the TV | 4/5 |
| The Line of Best Fit | 75% |
| musicOMH | |
From the Ground Up is an album by Birmingham-based experimental folk band Shady Bard. It was the first full-length album recorded by the band and released by Static Caravan Recordings.

## Track listing

* "Fires" – 4:08
* "Bobby" – 3:48
* "These Quiet Times" – 3:38
* "Frozen Lake" – 1:12
* "Treeology" – 3:17
* "Torch Song" – 4:07
* "Memory Tree" – 4:30
* "Penguins" – 4:51
* "From the Ground Up" – 3:30
* "Winter Coats" – 3:03
* "Summer Came When We Were Falling Out" – 3:22
* "Dust" – 2:33 (Japanese edition only)
* "What's Behind the Door? – 3:54 (Japanese edition only)
# Nishita Nirmal Mhatre

Nishita Nirmal Mhatre was the Acting Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court in India. She joined office on 1 December 2016 and retired as the acting chief justice of the Calcutta High Court on 18 September 2017. During her tenure as the Acting Chief justice, she presided over the high-profile sting operation of the Trinamool Congress leaders popularly known as the Narada case and ordered CBI investigation in that case.

## Early life

Mhatre was born on 20 September 1955. For her post-secondary education, Mhatre attended Sophia College and Government Law College, Mumbai. Apart from law, Mhatre also studied microbiology.

## Legal profession

In 1978, Mhatre began her legal career with the Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa as a practicing Advocate in the Bombay High Court and before the Industrial and Labour Courts in Mumbai. She was elevated in the year 2001 as a judge in the Bombay High Court until her transfer in 2012 to the Calcutta High Court.
In 2016, she became acting Chief Justice after the retirement of the Chief Justice Girish Chandra Gupta.
Justice Mhatre retired in 2017 as acting Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court.
# Nipponaphis hubeiensis

Nipponaphis hubeiensis is a species of aphid discovered in 2021 in China, making N. hubeniensis the third species discovered in China. The species on average is 1.25 mm in length.

## Description

Nipponaphis hubeiensis have oval bodies, thorax and head. The head and pronotum are completely fused and the species have a dense epandrium on the dorsum of the body. The body is 1.25 mm in length and 0.62 mm in width. The head in 0.088 mm long making it 0.07 times length of the body. The thorax and abdomen are both 0.50 mm in length making up 0.4 times the length of the body. The antenna is short being around 4 segments making it 0.20 mm in length. The rostral length of segment IV and segment V are 0.98 mm. One pair of conical siphunculi are present on the apex abdomen. The hind femur is 0.12 mm long and the hind tibia are 0.16 mm in length. Hind tarsus II is 0.07 mm long and the tarsus terminal splits into two lateral claws without a paw pad. The galls are oval and has a closed single chamber gall around 0.30 to 0.50 mm in length and 25 to 35 mm in width. Galls are brown when matured but are pale cyan when fresh. The wall of the gall is 3 to 4 mm in length and has many spindle shaped pits on the inner surface of gall wall. There is wax inside of the gall and during maturity the galls form into holes forming a secondary opening.
# Nipponaphera quasilla

Nipponaphera quasilla is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cancellariidae, the nutmeg snails.

## Description

The shell size is 25 mm

## Distribution

This species is distributed along Somalia; Southern India and Southern Burma
# Frost & Sullivan

Frost & Sullivan is an American business consulting firm. It offers market research and analysis, growth strategy consulting, and corporate training. It has about 45 offices in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Europe; the principal office is in Santa Clara, California.

## History

Frost & Sullivan was started by Dan L. Sullivan and Lore A. Frost in New York City in 1961. In the 1970s it started a corporate training division, began sponsoring conferences and industry meetings, and opened an office in London.
In 1982, it was publicly traded, and had annual revenues of $9.1 million. By 1987 revenue had grown to around $17.5 million, with $290,000 in net earnings. Theodore Cross acquired 53% of the stock in the mid-1980s. In January 1988 the company was taken private by merger with a subsidiary of FAS Acquisition Co., a company formed by Cross and Warburg Pincus Capital. It was sold to David Frigstad in 1993.
A sales office in New York was damaged in the September 11 attacks. During the ensuing recession the company laid off 10% of its 700 staff.
Frost & Sullivan issues industry awards based on research using a proprietary methodology, which is sometimes based on a single article produced by the receiver of the award. Organizations that receive a Frost & Sullivan award must pay a fee to communicate the outcome to the public.
# Stripper well

A stripper well or marginal well is an oil or gas well that is nearing the end of its economically useful life. In the United States a "stripper" gas well is defined by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission as one that produces 60,000 cubic feet (1,700 m$^3$) or less of gas per day at its maximum flow rate; the Internal Revenue Service, for tax purposes, uses a threshold of 90,000 cubic feet (2,500 m$^3$) per day. Oil wells are generally classified as stripper wells when they produce 10-15 barrels per day or less for any twelve-month period.

## Economic importance

In the United States in 2015, 11 percent of crude oil produced comes from a marginal oil well, and over 85 percent of the total number of U.S. oil wells are now classified as such. There are over 420,000 of these wells in the United States, and together they produce nearly 915,000 barrels (145,500 m$^3$) of oil per day, 18 percent of U.S. production.
Additionally, as of 2006, there are more than 296,000 natural gas stripper wells in the lower 48 states. Together they account for over 1.7 trillion cubic feet (4.8×10$^{10}$ m$^3$) of natural gas, or about 9 percent of the natural gas produced in the lower 48 states. Stripper wells are more common in older oil and gas producing regions, most notably in Appalachia, Texas and Oklahoma.
A stripper well may cost between $10 and $30 per barrel to operate, averaging $2,000 per month.

### Taxation

In Oklahoma, the regular tax rate is 7 percent, but may be 1 percent for marginal wells. In Michigan, stripper well tax is 4 percent. Other tax exemptions can be 15 percent of gross income. A 2005 tax credit for prices below $30/barrel was rarely in effect.

## Premature abandonment

Many of these wells are marginally economic and at risk of being prematurely abandoned. When world oil prices were in the low tens in the late 1990s, the oil that flowed from marginal wells often cost more to produce than the price it brought on the market. From 1994 to 2006, approximately 177,000 marginal wells were plugged and abandoned, representing a number equal to 42 percent of all operating wells in 2006, costing the U.S. more than $3.8 billion in lost oil revenue at the EIA 2004 average world oil price.
When marginal wells are prematurely abandoned, significant quantities of oil remain behind. In most instances, the remaining reserves are not easily accessible when oil prices subsequently rise again: when marginal fields are abandoned, the surface infrastructure – the pumps, piping, storage vessels, and other processing equipment – is removed and the lease forfeited. Since much of this equipment was probably installed over many years, replacing it over a short period should oil prices jump upward is cost prohibitive. Oil prices would have to rise beyond their historic highs and remain at elevated levels for many years before there would be sufficient economic justification to bring many marginal fields back into production.
# Fuji Gotemba distillery

Fuji Gotemba distillery (Japanese: 富士御殿場蒸溜所, Hepburn: Fuji Gotenba jōryūsho, sometimes Fuji-Gotemba distillery) is a Japanese whisky distillery owned by the Kirin group.
The distillery is situated in the city of Gotemba (御殿場市, Gotenba-shi, sometimes Gotenba), on the southeastern flank of Mount Fuji in Shizuoka Prefecture, Chūbu region, Japan. It is 620 m (2,030 ft) above sea level, and its water source is Mount Fuji. It was established in 1972 by Kirin Seagram Ltd, now the Kirin Distillery Company.
Gotemba was selected as the site for the distillery because it was felt to have the climate most similar to Scotland: the city is much cooler and less humid (especially in summer) than other areas of Japan, with an average annual temperature of around 13°C.
# Fritz Wendhausen

Fritz Wendhausen (7 August 1890 – 5 January 1962) was a German actor, screenwriter and film director. He is also credited as Frederick Wendhausen and F.R. Wendhausen. In 1938 he emigrated to Britain from Nazi Germany.

## Selected filmography

Screenwriter
* The Grand Duke's Finances (1924)
* The Trial of Donald Westhof (1927)
* Dreyfus (1930)
* 1914 (1931)
* The Marriage Swindler (1938)
Actor
* Old Heidelberg (1923)
* Secret Mission (1942)
* Tomorrow We Live (1943)
* Beware of Pity (1946)
* Odette (1950)
* Desperate Moment (1953)
* Orders to Kill (1958)
Director
* The Eternal Curse (1921)
* Madame de La Pommeraye's Intrigues (1922)
* The Stone Rider (1923)
* The Director General (1925)
* His Toughest Case (1926)
* The Trial of Donald Westhof (1927)
* Out of the Mist (1927)
* A Woman with Style (1928)
* The Runaway Princess (1929)
* Queen of the Night (1931)
* The First Right of the Child (1932)
* Little Man, What Now? (1933)
* The Black Whale (1934)
* Peer Gynt (1934)
* Artist Love (1935)
* Family Parade (1936)