OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Permanent School Fund

The Texas Permanent School Fund is a sovereign wealth fund which serves to provide revenues for funding of public primary and secondary education in the US state of Texas. Its assets include many publicly owned lands within Texas and various other investments; as of the end of fiscal 2020 (August 31), the fund had an endowment of $48.3 billion. The fund is distinct from the Permanent University Fund, which funds most institutions in the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M University System, but no other public universities or schools in the state.

## Management

The lands and other assets in the fund are managed by the Texas General Land Office (GLO). Money is added to the fund whenever lands under GLO management are sold or leased, or when mineral royalties are collected on natural resource extraction on these lands. Royalties on oil and gas extraction are the fund's major source of revenues.
The General Land Office then reinvests these revenues and manages the investments. The interest produced by the fund's investments is distributed to the state's public school districts (in proportion to their average daily student attendance), but the fund itself may not be spent; this provision ensures that the fund will continue to grow, and its revenues will be available for Texas public schools in perpetuity.

## History and enlargement

In 1854 an act of the Texas Legislature established the Special School Fund (a predecessor to the Permanent School Fund), intended to fund the state's public school system. The fund was endowed with $2 million taken from the money paid to Texas by the federal government in return for Texas's claimed territory in what are now parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Oklahoma.
After the Civil War and Reconstruction, in 1876 Texas enacted a new constitution which changed the fund's name to the Permanent School Fund and transferred half of the public lands owned by the state to the fund as its new endowment. The 1876 constitution also tasked the General Land Office with the management of these lands and the fund.
In 1953, the United States Congress passed the Submerged Lands Act, which returned to the States the navigable territorial waters that had been historically the property of the States. Because Texas's historical territorial waters originated with its period as a sovereign state, the US Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Louisiana (1960) 363 U.S. 1 (1960) that Texas was in the unique position of owning territory out to three leagues (10.35 miles) from its coastline. These lands were also added to the Permanent School Fund, further enlarging its assets.
# Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Robert L. Carroll, published in 1988 by WH Freeman. It provides a very detailed technical account of various groups of living and fossil vertebrates.
The book, which is written in the style of Alfred Sherwood Romer's Vertebrate Paleontology, presented more recent overall coverage of the subject. At the rear of the book is a 53-page Classification list which lists every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.
Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution appeared in print in 1988, just before the cladistic taxonomy became popular in vertebrate paleontology. The books thus uses the classical systematic scheme, including a number of paraphyletic taxa that are not recognised under phylogenetic nomenclature.
# Stuart Cowie

Stuart Cowie (born 22 November 1974) is a former Scottish professional squash player. He won a bronze medal in the men's doubles at the 1998 Commonwealth Games, partnering Peter Nicol.
# Billy Gilmore

William Gilmore, also known as Bill, Billy, and Shakin' Bill (because he stood still onstage) was an American musician who played the bass and the keyboard. He grew up in Sarasota, Florida before settling down in Atlanta, Georgia. He played with The Webs, The Candymen, The Classics IV, and the Atlanta Rhythm Section.
Gilmore first came to attention around 1965, touring as a bass player for Roy Orbison and The Candymen.
Gilmore was featured on "Oh, Pretty Woman" by Roy Orbison and The Candymen in 1964. He also co-wrote "Party Girl" for Tommy Roe along with Buddy Buie, and also penned tracks for Jay & The Americans.
He died on March 27, 1978, and was survived by wife Andrea and three daughters.
# Andrew I

Andrew I may refer to:
* Andrew I of Hungary (c. 1015 – before 1060)
* Andrew I, Archbishop of Antivari (14th century)
* Andrei of Polotsk (c. 1325–1399)
* King Andrew the First, American political cartoon
# Aulonemia parviflora

Aulonemia parviflora is a species of Aulonemia bamboo. It is part of the grass family and endemic to Latin America.
# Talanga nubilosa

Talanga nubilosa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe in 1968. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Communist Party of Revolutionary Marxists

Communist Party of Revolutionary Marxists (CPRM) is a political party based in the Darjeeling District and Kalimpong District of the Indian state of West Bengal. CPRM was formed in 1996 by Communist Party of India (Marxist) dissidents (a major group of the local CPI(M) leadership in Darjeeling) like former State Minister and Rajya Sabha MP Tamang Dawa Lama, Lok Sabha MP R.B. Rai and others, who were dissatisfied with the peace settlement the Left-Front government signed with the Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF). CRPM participates in the Confederation of Indian Communists and Democratic Socialists. The youth organization of CPRM is called Democratic Revolutionary Youth Federation (DRYF).
CPRM struggles for a separate Gorkhaland state to be formed within India. It contested the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council election in 1999 but won no seat. Before 1999, one CPRM member, Padam Lama, was a member of the DGHC. Ahead of the 1999 DGHC elections, CPRM was part of the United Front, an alliance consisting of CPRM, Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League (ABGL), Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Gorkha Janashakti, Communist Party of India, Bharatiya Nepali Bir Gorkha and Sikkim Rashtriya Mukti Morcha.
Since the failure of the United Front, CPRM formed the People's Democratic Front, as a united opposition to GNLF in the Darjeeling hills, together with Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League, Indian National Congress, Gorkha National Liberation Front (C.K. Pradhan) and Bharatiya Janata Party.
CPRM is currently part of the Democratic Front, an alliance of the CPRM, ABGL, BJP and other parties. CPRM had earlier supported the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM), but when GJM agreed to the setting up of an Interim Setup in Darjeeling instead of a full-fledged state of Gorkhaland, CPRM became opposed to it.
After unsuccessfully trying to put up consensus candidates in the three constituencies of Darjeeling with other parties, CPRM decided not to filed any candidates of its own after the other parties - GJM and ABGL - decided to fight the elections independently. In 2009, 2014 and 2019 general elections, they supported the Bharatiya Janata Party candidates for the Darjeeling constituency.
# Gwyddion (software)

Gwyddion is a multiplatform modular free software for visualization and analysis of data from scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques (like AFM, MFM, STM, SNOM/NSOM). The project is led by its main developers David Nečas (Yeti) and Petr Klapetek who work together with several various developers across the world. The software is made available as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The name “Gwyddion” is that of a prominent god of Welsh Mythology, see Gwydion
It is created for the analysis of height fields and other 2D (image) data. While it is primarily intended for data originating from scanning probe microscopy techniques (like AFM, MFM, STM, SNOM/NSOM), it may also be used for the analysis of profilometry data, for instance. Data is calculated and stored in the native file format (.gwy) in double precision.
Gwyddion supports many different file types and performs many image-based functions. Among others it can open and save the following graphics file formats:
* Windows bitmap (.bmp)
* Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpeg, .jpg, or .jpe)
* Portable Network Graphics (.png)
* TARGA (.tga)
* Tagged image file format (.tiff, .tif)
* Portable aNy Map (.pnm)

## Technical features

Quote from homepage of Gwyddion: 'Gwyddion uses a fairly general physical unit system, there are no principal limitations on the types of physical quantities data (and lateral dimensions) can represent. Units of slopes, areas, volumes, and other derived quantities are correctly calculated. SI unit system is used whenever possible.
Tools and other dialogs remember their parameters, not only between tool invocations during one session, but also between sessions. Gwyddion native file format (.gwy) supports saving all data specific settings: false color palette, masks, presentations, selections, associated 3D view parameters, graphs associated with that data and their settings, etc.'
Gwyddion is mainly developed on Linux platform using GNU set of compilers and utilities. Its graphical user interface is based on the popular interface toolkit GTK+.

## Availability and versions

It is available for Linux platforms and has been ported to other unix flavors that has support the GNU Autotools or its equivalent. The Windows version is slightly incomplete due to limitations of the platform, but supports nearly all major features. The Mac OS version can be built using Xcode, and some pre-built binaries are available.
Apple Darwin, or OpenDarwin is the only major platform Gwyddion has not been thoroughly tested on. Gwyddion program could also be ported to other branches of the BSD operating system.
# Perry Nisen

Perry Nisen is an American physician and the former chief executive officer (CEO) of the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP). He was appointed as CEO in August 2014, and held the Donald Bren Chief Executive Chair.

## Early life and education

* B.S. from Stanford University
* M.D. and Ph.D. from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine
* Residency, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

## Career

Before joining SBP, Nisen was Senior Vice President of Science and Innovation at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). In this role, he facilitated innovation and integration of R&D across GSK's global organization and contributed to the discovery, development and commercialization of many drugs. Earlier in his career at GSK, he held various key positions, including interim Chief Medical Officer, Senior Vice President and Oncology Therapy Area Head, Senior Vice President of Cancer Research, and Senior Vice President of Clinical Pharmacology and Discovery Medicine.
Formerly, he was the Lowe Foundation Professor of Neuro-Oncology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. He headed a basic research laboratory and was a practicing physician in pediatric hematology-oncology. He was a member of the Genetics and Development Graduate Training Program.

## Awards and honors

* Alpha Omega Alpha
* Macintosh Fellowship, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
* Basil O'Connor Research Award of the March of Dimes
* Lowe Foundation Professorship UT Southwestern
* Woodward Visiting Scholar, Harvard University
# Tibouchina johnwurdackiana

Tibouchina johnwurdackiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to west central Brazil. It was first described in 1997. The type specimen is kept in the herbarium at Missouri Botanical Garden.
# Strict father model

The strict father model of parenting is one which values strict discipline, particularly by the father, in parenting. The strict mother model also exists.
Ideas involved in this model include:
* That children learn through reward and punishment, as in operant conditioning. Corporal punishment, such as spanking, is favored in this model relative to other models.
* That children become more self-reliant and more self-disciplined by having strict parents.
* That the parent, particularly the father, is meant to mete out rewards for good behavior as well as punish bad behavior.
This model of child-rearing would involve, for example, allowing children to cry themselves to sleep on the grounds that picking up a child when it should be sleeping on its own improperly fosters dependence on the parents. In his book Dare to Discipline, James Dobson advocates the strict father model. However, some researchers have linked authoritarian childrearing with children who withdraw, lack spontaneity, and have lesser evidence of conscience.
The strict father model is discussed by George Lakoff in his books, including Moral Politics, Don't Think of an Elephant, The Political Mind, and Whose Freedom?. In these books, the strict father model is contrasted with the nurturant parent model. Lakoff argues that if the metaphor of nation as family and government as parent is used, then conservative politics correspond to the strict father model. For example, conservatives think that adults should refrain from looking to the government for assistance lest they become dependent.
# Oxycanus hecabe

Oxycanus hecabe is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in New Guinea.
# Vesa (name)

Vesa is a unisex given name. It is used as a masculine given name and a surname in Finland. Notable people with the name are as follows:

## Given name
### Male

* Vesa Hanski (born 1973), Finnish swimmer
* Vesa Heikinheimo (born 1983), Finnish football player
* Vesa Hellman (born 1970), Finnish wheelchair curler
* Vesa Jokinen (born 1970), Finnish singer
* Vesa Kanniainen (born 1948), Finnish academic
* Vesa Kokko (born 1964), Finnish wheelchair curler and curling coach
* Vesa Koskela (born 1960), Swedish boxer
* Vesa Lahtinen (born 1968), Finnish ice hockey player
* Vesa Leppänen (born 1951), Finnish wheelchair curler
* Vesa Mäkäläinen (born 1986), Finnish basketball player
* Vesa Mäkipää, Finnish ski-orienteering competitor
* Vesa-Matti Loiri (1945–2022), Finnish actor and musician
* Vesa Pulliainen (1957–2010), Finnish football player
* Vesa Ranta (born 1973), Finnish drummer
* Vesa Rantanen (born 1975), Finnish pole vaulter
* Vesa Rosendahl (born 1975), Finnish speed skater
* Vesa Tauriainen (born 1967), Finnish football player
* Vesa Toskala (born 1977), Finnish ice hockey player
* Vesa Törnroos (1982–2020), Finnish sports shooter
* Ville-Vesa Vainiola (born 1985), Finnish ice hockey player
* Vesa Välimäki (born 1968), Finnish academic
* Vesa Vasara (born 1976), Finnish football player and manager
* Vesa Vierikko (born 1956), Finnish actor
* Vesa Viitakoski (born 1971), Finnish ice hockey player
* Vesa Ylinen (born 1965), Finnish motorcycle rider

### Female

* Vesa Luma (born 1986), Kosovo-Albanian singer and songwriter

## Surname

* August Vesa (1878–1918), Finnish journalist and politician
* Emilia Vesa (born 2001), Finnish ice hockey player
* Yrjö Vesa (1898–1967), Finnish engineer and businessman
# Gyna

Gyna, also called porcelain roaches, are a genus of cockroaches native to Africa.

## Species

There are 31 accepted species in this genus:
* Gyna aestuans Saussure, 1863
* Gyna aetola Shelford, 1909
* Gyna bisannulata Hanitsch, 1950
* Gyna caffrorum Stål, 1856
* Gyna capucina Gerstaecker, 1883
* Gyna castanea Shelford, 1909
* Gyna centurio Dohrn, 1888
* Gyna colini Rochebrune, 1883
* Gyna costalis Walker, 1868
* Gyna crassa Grandcolas, 1994
* Gyna cyclops Hanitsch, 1930
* Gyna fourcarti Grandcolas, 1994
* Gyna gloriosa Stål, 1855
* Gyna hyalina Shelford, 1909
* Gyna incisura Grandcolas, 1994
* Gyna incommoda Shelford, 1909
* Gyna jocosa Shelford, 1908
* Gyna kazungulana Giglio-Tos, 1907
* Gyna laticosta Walker, 1868
* Gyna lineata Grandcolas, 1994
* Gyna lurida Saussure, 1899
* Gyna maculipennis Schaum, 1853
* Gyna munda Grandcolas, 1994
* Gyna nigrifrons Bolívar, 1889
* Gyna oblonga Borg, 1902
* Gyna pomposa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865
* Gyna scheitzae Hanitsch, 1950
* Gyna scripta Giglio-Tos, 1916
* Gyna sculpturata Shelford, 1909
* Gyna scutelligera Walker, 1868
* Gyna spurcata Walker, 1868
# George Parry (MP)

Sir George Parry (1600–1660) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England from 1640 until 1644.
Parry was probably the son of Henry Parry, Bishop of Worcester and matriculated at Merton College, Oxford on 14 March 1617 aged 16. He was admitted at the Inner Temple in 1616 and was awarded BA at Oxford in 1619. He became a Fellow at Cambridge in 1619 and was awarded LLd from Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1628. He was admitted advocate on 3 November 1628 and became Recorder of Exeter.
In April 1640, Parry was elected Member of Parliament for St Mawes for the Short Parliament and was returned in November for the Long Parliament. Parry supported King Charles I and was knighted on 12 May 1644. He was disabled from Parliament in the same year.
Parry later lived in the City of London and died around 1670, as administration was then granted to his son Suetonius.
# Gutowsky

Gutowsky is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ace Gutowsky (1909–1976), American football fullback
* Herbert S. Gutowsky (1919–2000), American chemist and professor
# Post Falls Dam

Post Falls Dam is a dam on the Spokane River in the city of Post Falls, Idaho. The current dam was constructed in 1906 on the site of an older wooden dam that was used to power a sawmill. Post Falls Dam is commonly referred to in the singular, but the facility actually contains three dams spanning three channels of the Spokane River as it navigates around the Avista Islands. It is the most-upstream dam on the Spokane River, just nine miles from its source at Coeur d'Alene Lake, and the first of seven total dams on the Spokane River.

## History

The site of the Post Falls Dam was previously home to a 20-foot wooden diversion dam built by pioneer settler and namesake of Post Falls, Frederick Post, who purchased the land from Chief Andrew Seltice of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe for $500 in 1871. Post built his original dam to power a sawmill on the north channel of the river. The sawmill burned down in 1902 and the site was sold to Washington Water Power, now known as Avista, which began construction on the three dams for hydroelectric power generation. The powerhouse, located on the central channel, was completed in 1906.
Since the 1990s, the north bank of the river alongside the north channel dam has been open to the public as Falls Park, owned by the City of Post Falls. The park provides interpretive information on the history of the site and views of the north channel dam and spillways.

## Dams

Of the three dams at the site, the middle channel with the powerhouse is the only one that generates electricity. It measures 431 feet long by 31 feet tall and occupies the deepest and most confined gorge of the three channels passing around the islands. The north channel dam is L-shaped with one large sluice and eight smaller sluices on the other arm of the L-shape. The south channel dam measures 78 feet long with 13 foot high gates used to control spring water flows.

## Gallery

* North Channel Dam
* Middle Channel dam and powerhouse
* Bridge connecting Middle Channel Island (foreground) to the north bank
* South Channel Dam
# Hsinchu Performing Arts Center

The Hsinchu Performing Arts Center (traditional Chinese: 新竹市立演藝廳; simplified Chinese: 新竹市立演艺厅; pinyin: Xīnzhú Shìlì Yǎnyì Tīng) is an art center in North District, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.

## History

The center was originally established as the Hsinchu City Performance Hall. It was then placed under the Performing Arts Section of the Bureau of Cultural Affairs of Hsinchu City Government since 1 July 2004.

## Notable events

* 48th Golden Horse Awards

## Transportation

The center is accessible within walking distance north of Hsinchu Station of Taiwan Railways.
# Stăuceni

Stăuceni may refer to:
* Stăuceni, a commune in Chișinău municipality, Moldova
* Stăuceni, a commune in Botoșani County, Romania
# TransitAmerica Services

TransitAmerica Services, Inc. is an American passenger rail service provider headquartered in St Joseph, Missouri. The company was established in 2002 as a joint venture between Herzog Transit Services and Stagecoach Group. In 2004, Herzog bought out Stagecoach, and the company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Herzog Transit Services.

## Corporate history

In November 2002, Herzog Transit Services and Stagecoach Group announced a corporate partnership to form TransitAmerica. In 2004, Stagecoach transferred its interest in the partnership to Herzog. On May 13, 2005, TransitAmerica was officially incorporated in the state of Missouri.

## Caltrain

In September 2011, Caltrain awarded TransitAmerica a contract to operate the system starting on May 26, 2012. The contract is for five years with five one-year options.

## CTrail

CTrail Hartford Line trains are currently operated by TransitAmerica Services and Alternate Concepts Inc., operating as a joint venture, under a 5-year, $45 million contract.
# Iran coup

Iran coup may refer to:
* 1921 Persian coup d'état, a series of events in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty
* 1953 Iranian coup d'état, removal of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh, supported by the United States and the United Kingdom through the covert Operation Ajax
* Nojeh Coup (1980), attempted overthrow of the newly established Islamic Republic of Iran by Shapour Bakhtiar with support from Jordan and Iraq
# Leptostachya

Leptostachya wallichii is a species of flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a perennial native to tropical Asia, where it ranges from India through Indochina to southeastern China (Guangxi and Guangdong provinces) and Borneo.
# Audrius Kšanavičius

Audrius Kšanavičius (born 28 January 1977) is a footballer who plays for FBK Kaunas as a midfielder.

## Career

A left winger, Kšanavičius began his career with FBK Kaunas in 1994, making over 150 appearances before moving to Latvian champions Skonto Riga in 2001. After three seasons with Skonto he returned to FBK Kaunas. He spent the 2005 season on loan to Atlantas Klaipėda. He joined Scottish Premier League club Hearts on a six-month loan in July 2007 after featuring in the club's 3–1 friendly defeat by FC Barcelona. He scored his first league goal for Hearts in a 4–2 win over Falkirk on 6 October. On 11 March 2008, he signed a new contract that extended his loan at Hearts until June 2009, before joining the club permanently in the summer. On 3 August, Kšanavičius scored the only goal of a 1–0 pre-season friendly win for Hearts over Premier League new boys Hull, and then six days later he scored his second league goal for Hearts as they beat Motherwell 3–2. On 8 January 2009, having found himself out of favour under Csaba László, Hearts announced that Kšanavičius had returned to FBK Kaunas after 18 months with the Tynecastle club.

## International goals

    Scores and results list. Lithuania's goal tally first.
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 21 November 2007 | Boris Paichadze Stadium, Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgia | 1–0 | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2008 Qualifying |
| 2. | 21 November 2007 | Boris Paichadze Stadium, Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgia | 2–0 | 2–0 | UEFA Euro 2008 Qualifying |
# A Tiêng

A Tiêng is a rural commune (xã) of Tây Giang District, Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam.