OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SmartFresh

SmartFresh (SmartFresh Quality System) is a brand of a synthetic produce quality enhancer containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). It is marketed by AgroFresh Solutions, Inc., a publicly held (NASDAQ:AGFS) U.S. company with global operations. SmartFresh technology halts the fruits and vegetables' natural ripening process to prolong freshness.

## Function

1-MCP blocks the effects of both endogenous and exogenous ethylene through preferential attachment to the ethylene receptor. It is applied in storage facilities and transit containers to slow down the ripening process and the production of ethylene in fruit. Ethylene agent is not useful postharvest for fruit that is already ripe. The method of prolonging produce lifetime in this way was approved by the EU in 2005, and can be combined with standard controlled atmosphere technology.

## Consumer concerns

The use of 1-MCP to prevent fruit ripening came under scrutiny by the press during late 2005, when it was shown that the method is occasionally used to inhibit ripening of fruit by as much as a year, causing consumers to purchase year-old fruit without being aware of it. Fruits which have been treated with 1-MCP do not trigger any labelling regulations, and are allowed for use with certified organic foods, and are therefore non-distinguishable from non-treated products. In the United States the National Organic Program does not allow the use of 1-MCP on organic produce, however the only test devised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency; radioisolated analytical method is too expensive, though it can measure residues on fruit up to 90 days post treatment. Its convenience of application makes it easily accessible for farmers and producers. Studies have shown there is no residue left on the fruit post processing. Identified as a synthetic, 1-MCP is not approved for use on U.S. foods labeled “organic” by the United States Department of Agriculture. 1-MCP has regulatory approval for use on produce in more than 30 countries, including the U.S. and European Union.
By 2006, retailers were split on whether this quality enhancer should be used. In a True Food Network publication of Greenpeace, Apple & Pear Australia business manager Tony Russell claimed that prolonged lifetime of produce is necessary to deliver edible fruit during the whole year, and that these fruits are still healthy. He was countered by Sydney Postharvest Laboratory director Dr Stephen Morris in that Vitamin C and antioxidant levels may still decline, a concern also shared by others in the industry.
SmartFresh is perceived by Susan Kegley, a senior scientist at the San Francisco-based Pesticide Action Network North America, as being “likely to be very low-risk to consumers”. Other scientists see 1-MCP as "most likely harmless to humans".
# Bulkley Praed

Bulkley John Mackworth Praed (2 August 1799 – 12 March 1876) was an English first-class cricketer who is recorded in one match in 1822, totalling 2 runs with a highest score of 1 not out. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge.
Mackworth-Praed was married three times:
* On 22 December 1828 to Emma Dick (d. 3 August 1836)
* On 14 July 1840 to Elizabeth Colthurst FitzPatrick (d. 6 February 1852), with whom he fathered Herbert Mackworth-Praed.
* On 26 April 1859 to Emily Maria Fane (d. 11 May 1905)
His brother was the poet Winthrop Mackworth Praed.
# Bulkington railway station

Bulkington was a railway station on the Trent Valley Line serving the village of Bulkington, Warwickshire, England. The station was opened along with the line in 1847, and was closed in 1931.
The station had three platforms; one side platform, and an island platform.
The platforms are long gone, the only surviving remnant of the station today is the former station building alongside the tracks, which is now a private house.
The station building was designed by John William Livock, who designed most of the stations on the Trent Valley Railway. It is one of the few remaining examples of original Livock designed station buildings on the Trent Valley Line. Two others still exist at Atherstone and Colwich.
* Bulkington station circa 1900, with a LNWR Dreadnought Class locomotive.
* The remains of the station in 1961, 30 years after closure.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Nuneaton Line and station open | | London and North Western Railway Trent Valley Line | | Shilton Line open, station closed |
# John Croucher

John Sydney Croucher AM is an Australian statistician and Professor of Actuarial Studies and Business Analytics in the Macquarie Business School at Macquarie University in Sydney Australia. He has written around 33 books, 120 research papers, and 500 newspaper articles.
His recent works include The Kid from Norfolk Island (Woodslane, 2014), Mistress of Science (Amberley, 2018), Women of Science (Amberley, 2019) and A Concise History of New South Wales (Woodslane, 2020). Croucher has written many textbooks on mathematics and statistics for McGraw-Hill Australia, including Quantitative Analysis for Management 6e (2020), Mathematics and Statistics for Business 6e (revised) (2016) and Statistics: Making Business Decisions (2001),
Croucher has also written many trade books, including Love by Numbers (Woodslane, 2011), The Secret Language (ABC Books, 2010). Number Crunch ( Pan Macmillan, 2006), Eighteen Months on the Toilet (Woodslane, 2010 ), 637 Gorillas on the Run (Woodslane, 2010), Exam Scams (Allen and Unwin, 1996) and Great Frauds and Everyday Scams (Allen and Unwin, 1997)
Croucher has PhD degrees in history from both Macquarie University and the University of Technology Sydney. He also holds a PhD in Mathematics and Statistics from the University of Minnesota in the United States. Croucher also has an honorary doctorate from Divine Word University in Papua New Guinea. and was the recipient of the Prime Minister's Australian University Teacher of the Year award in 2013. He is also a renowned speaker and the subject of many articles. Between 200 and 2012 he was the author of the popular Number Crunch column for the Good Weekend in the Sydney Morning Herald and The Age in Melbourne.
He is married to fellow academic Rosalind Croucher and they both became Members of the Order of Australia as part of the 2015 Australia Day Honours. John Croucher is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts and a Fellow of the Australian Mathematical Society.
# John Jeffrey (disambiguation)

John Jeffrey (born 1959) is a Scottish rugby union player.
John Jeffrey may also refer to:
* John Jeffrey (botanist) (1826–1854), Scottish botanist and plant-hunter
* John Jeffrey (judge), MP for Sussex, East Grinstead and Clitheroe
* John Jeffrey (civil servant), Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
# John Jeffrey (judge)

John Jeffrey [aka John Jefferay] (ca. 1524 – 13 May 1578), of Chiddingly, Sussex, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Clitheroe in 1563, East Grinstead in 1571 and Sussex in 1572.

## Life

He was son of Richard Jeffrey of Chiddingly Manor, by Eliza, daughter of Robert Whitfield of Wadhurst. He was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in 1544, called to the bar in 1546, and was Lent reader there in 1561.
In Easter term 1567 Jeffrey became a serjeant-at-law, and on 15 October 1572 a queen's serjeant. On 15 May 1576 he was appointed a judge of the queen's bench, and was promoted on 12 October 1577 to succeed Sir Robert Bell as chief baron of the exchequer. In the autumn of 1578 he died at Coleman Street Ward, London, and was buried under a magnificent tomb in Chiddingly Church.

## Family

Jeffrey was twice married, first to Alice, daughter and heiress of John Apsley, by whom he had one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton; and secondly to Mary, daughter of George Goring.
# Bundesstraße 224

The Bundesstraße 224 or B 224 is a German federal highway in North Rhine-Westphalia.

## Route description

The B 224 runs from Raesfeld in southern Münsterland through the city of Gelsenkirchen in the Ruhr area and Essen in the Bergische Land, and ending in Solingen.
From the Gelsenkirchen-Hassel junction the B 224 continues on the A 52, which ends shortly before Gladbeck and continues as the B 224.
After joining with the A 44 at the Velbert-Nord interchange, the B 224 becomes concurrent with the A 535, splitting off before the Sonnborner Kreuz interchange, continuing into Solingen, where it continues as the B 229.

## Route / Junctions

| | | Raesfeld B 70 |
| | | Raesfeld-Erle |
| | | Dorsten, Weseler Straße B 58, zur A 31 |
| | | Dorsten-Holsterhausen |
| | | Dorsten B 225 |
| | | Dorsten-Altendorf/Ulfkotte |
| | | Replaced by A 52 |
| | (44) | Gelsenkirchen-Hassel |
| | (43) | Gelsenkirchen-Scholven |
| | (42) | Gelsenkirchen-Buer-West B 226 |
| Motor road | | Kraftfahrstraße |
| End of the motor road | | end of motor road |
| | | Gladbeck-Goethestraße |
| | | Gladbeck-Schützenstraße |
| | ( ) | Essen/Gladbeck A 2 |
| | | Bottrop-Horster Str. |
| | | Bottrop-Prosperstraße |
| Motor road | | Kraftfahrstraße |
| | - | Essen-Stadthafen |
| | (13) | AS Essen-Nord |
| End of the motor road | | end of motor road |
| | | Essen-Altenessen |
| | | Essen |
| | | Essen-Grillostraße |
| | | Essen-Bottroper Str./Universität |
| | | Essen-Altendorfer Str. B 231 |
| | ( ) | Essen-Zentrum A 40 |
| | | Essen-Bismarckstr./Museum Folkwang |
| | | Essen-Norbertstraße/Messe |
| | ( ) | Essen-Rüttenscheid A 52 |
| | | Essen-Werden |
| | | Velbert-Birth |
| | ( ) | Velbert-Nord A 44 A 535 |
| | | Replaced by A 535 (sign posted as B 224) |
| | ( ) | Wuppertal-Sonnborn A 46 A 535 B 228 |
| | | Wuppertal-Vohwinkel |
| | | Gräfrath |
| | | Solingen B 229 |
# Hyphessobrycon albolineatum

Hyphessobrycon albolineatum is a South American species of tetra in the family Characidae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
# Megachile rufovittata

Megachile rufovittata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1911.
# José Damián Villacorta

José Damián Villacorta Cañas (1796, Zacatecoluca, El Salvador – June 11, 1860, Nueva San Salvador) was a Salvadoran lawyer and politician. He was chief of state of El Salvador from February 16, 1830, to December 4, 1830, while it was a state within the Federal Republic of Central America.
His parents were Esteban Gabriel de Villacorta and María Ignacia de Cañas. He married Francisca de la Cotera. He obtained the degree of licenciado in civil law from the Universidad de San Carlos in Guatemala. He was also a well-known canon lawyer. He is considered one of the most illustrious figures in Salvadoran history.
He took part in the movement for independence from Spain, and was a deputy to the constituent congress of the State of El Salvador in 1824. He worked hard on the draft of the constitution, and for that is called the "Father of Salvadoran Institutions". He was secretary of the constituent congress, which on June 12, 1824, declared the first constitution of the Salvadoran state. Later Villacorta was named prosecutor before the state Supreme Court, councilor of state and vice-chief of state of El Salvador.
He served as chief executive of the state for a few months in 1830, both succeeding and preceding José María Cornejo. During his administration a legislative decree was issued abolishing the religious orders within the State of El Salvador (March 1830). Although the members of the orders were allowed to continue living in the monasteries and convents, the buildings were declared property of the state.
On December 4, 1830, he returned the executive authority to José María Cornejo.
For his opposition to what he saw as the interference of General Francisco Morazán in the internal affairs of El Salvador, he was arrested. Together with other Salvadoran authorities, he was taken in fetters to Guatemala in 1832.
In 1835 he was a deputy and interim president of the Legislature in Guatemala. In 1840 he refused the position of president of the Republic. He returned to El Salvador three years later.
For some time he served as law professor at the National University. Later he was elected vice-rector of the University and served as acting rector.
He was president of the Court of Justice in 1851 and 1858, and one of the founders of the city of Nueva San Salvador, after the disastrous earthquake of 1854 devastated the old city. In accordance with law, Villacorta established the Supreme Court in the new city in December 1856.
He died June 11, 1860, in New San Salvador.
# José Daniel Bernal

José Daniel Bernal García (born March 15, 1973, in Bogotá) is a male road cyclist from Colombia.

## Career
### 1992

    1st in General Classification Vuelta a El Salvador (ESA)

### 1997

    1st in Stage 11 Vuelta a Colombia, Puerto Salgar (COL)

### 2000

    1st in General Classification Tour de la Guadeloupe (GUA)

### 2002

    1st in Stage 8 Vuelta a Guatemala, San Marcos, Guatemala (GUA)
    2nd in General Classification Vuelta a Guatemala (GUA)

### 2003

    1st in Stage 9 part b Tour de la Guadeloupe (GUA)
    1st in General Classification Tour de la Guadeloupe (GUA)

### 2005

    2nd in General Classification Tour de la Guadeloupe (GUA)
    1st in Stage 9 part b Tour de la Guadeloupe, Abymes (GUA)

### 2006

    2nd in General Classification Tour de la Guadeloupe (GUA)

### 2007

    3rd in Circuito de Combita (COL)

### 2009

    1st in Stage 2 part b Tour de la Guadeloupe, TTT, Les Abymes (GUA)
       alongside Boris Carène, Ismael Sarmiento and Nicolas Dumont
# Spruce Lodge

The Spruce Lodge, at 29431 W. US Hwy. 160 in South Fork, Colorado, is a hotel complex whose main original building was built in 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
The original lodge is a Rustic style 40 by 91 feet (12 m × 28 m) log building with a hipped roof, built upon a concrete basement foundation. It has a two-story porch supported by round wood posts.
One other building, the "Cook's Cabin", is deemed contributing; three more buildings are non-contributing.
# Hyelosia

Hyelosia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Bøverbru

Bøverbru is a village in Vestre Toten Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the southeast of the village of Reinsvoll and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) to the northwest of the village of Kolbu in neighboring Østre Toten Municipality. The village of Eina lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the southwest of Bøverbru.
The 0.66-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2021) of 752 and a population density of 1,141 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,960/sq mi).
"Toten Kjøtt", a local meat producer, and Studio Studio Nyhagen, a music production company are both located in the village. Ås Church is located about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the northeast of the village centre.

## History

The settlement grew up around the Bøverbru Station, a railway station along the Skreiabanen railway line starting in 1902. In the same year, Bøverbru was established as a postal address. The name Bøverbru comes from the name "Bøfr-Broen" (an older spelling) which was used for a local bridge over the river Bøvra. This name can be found in documents dating back to the 18th century. In the first part of the 20th century, quarrying and lime burning were important business activities in the Bøverbru area. The railway line to Bøverbru was closed to passenger traffic in 1963 (and freight traffic continued) and it was closed completely in 1987.
# NFL Pro League Football

NFL Pro League Football is a video game developed and first published in 1989 by American studio Micro Sports for DOS.

## Gameplay

NFL Pro League Football is an American football game that has a statistical model that enables the player to replay entire NFL regular seasons.

## Reception

Win Rogers reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "It will keep flawless records for a fantasy league. Those who live and die by statistics in a football simulation could not ask for more."
Next Generation reviewed the PC version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "Micro Sports either needs to stay simple or partner up with someone who has more graphic experience."

## Reviews

* PC Gamer (Oct, 1995)
* Computer Gaming World (Jan, 1996)
* PC Player - May, 1994
# Riccardo Petroni

Riccardo Petroni (born Siena ca 1250 – died Genoa 10 February 1314) was a senior cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church during the closing decades of the thirteenth century and the early years of the fourteenth century.

## Biography

Petroni studied at Bologna. Later he taught at Naples. Between 1296 and 1300, he was Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church.
A distinguished jurist, he collaborated on the Sextus Liber Decretalium, which was promulgated in 1299 by Pope Boniface VIII. The “Sextus Liber” was intended as a follow-up to the better remembered Decretals (in five books) of Gregory IX.
Pope Boniface VIII created Petroni a cardinal at the consistory of 1298 when the latter became Cardinal-Deacon of the church of Sant'Eustachio in Rome.
He participated in the conclave of 1304-1305 which would result in the election of Pope Clement V, but Petroni himself was forced by illness to leave the conclave before it concluded. He nevertheless attended the Council of Vienne in 1311 and towards the end of his life was the papal legate to Genoa.
After he died in February of 1314, his mortal remains were transferred three years later to Siena, where Tino di Camaino was commissioned to build a monumental tomb for him, initially set up in the north transept of Santa Maria Assunta (but moved several times).
Riccardo Petroni was responsible for various buildings and monuments in his home city of Siena along with a Carthusian monastery.
# Ait Faska

Ait Faska is a small town and rural commune in Al Haouz Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 19239 people living in 3327 households.
# Moungoundou-nord District

Moungoundou-nord (can also be written as Mungundu-nord) is a district in the Niari Department of Republic of the Congo.
# Ardisia squamulosa

Ardisia squamulosa is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is used to flavor fish.
# Jurchen

Jurchen may refer to:
* Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century
** Haixi Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
** Jianzhou Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
** Wild Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
* Jurchen script, writing system of Jurchen people
* Jurchen language, extinct language spoken by Jurchen people
* Jin dynasty (1115–1234), also known as the Jurchen Dynasty
# Jurczyce

Jurczyce may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Jurczyce, Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)
* Jurczyce, Wrocław County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
# Michel Safra

Michel Safra (1899–1967) was a Russian-born French film producer. He was born in the Ukrainian city of Kiev, then part of the Russian Empire. After working in the German cinema for a decade during the silent era, during the early 1930s he began producing films in the French film industry.
In 1938 he established the production and distribution company DisCina with André Paulvé and produced around thirty films until his death in 1967. He was part of a sizeable contingent of Russian-born figures working in the French film industry during the era.

## Selected filmography

* In the Service of the Tsar (1936)
* Personal Column (1939)
* The Sharks of Gibraltar (1947)
* The King (1949)
* All Roads Lead to Rome (1949)
* Lady Paname (1950)
* Just Me (1950)
* Pleasures of Paris (1952)
* Flesh and the Woman (1954)
* Black Dossier (1955)
* Paris, Palace Hotel (1956)
* A Kiss for a Killer (1957)
* Magnificent Sinner (1959)
* Shéhérazade (1963)
* Gibraltar (1964)
* The Diabolical Dr. Z (1967)
# Michel Rusheshangoga

Michel Rusheshangoga (born 25 August 1994) is a Rwandan former footballer who played for As Kigali, as a defender.

## Career

Rusheshangoga has played for Kigali-based clubs Isonga and APR.
He made his senior international debut for Rwanda on 1 December 2012 in and against Eritrea (0–2), where he played the entire match, and has appeared in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.
# Ambohipandrano

Ambohipandrano is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Arivonimamo, which is a part of Itasy Region. The population of the municipality was estimated to be approximately 21,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 97% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and peanuts, while other important agricultural products are beans and potatoes. Services provide employment for 3% of the population.

## Roads

The provincial road 71 links Ambohipandrano to Imerintsiatosika and the National road 1 to Antananarivo, or to Behenjy and the National road 7.
# Ambohimisafy

Ambohimisafy is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ikongo, which is a part of Fitovinany. The population of this municipality is 3,281 inhabitants in 2018.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 98% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are coffee and bananas, while other important agricultural products are cassava and rice. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.
It is situated at the Faraony River.
# Michael Flechtner

Michael Robert Flechtner (June 19, 1951) is an American artist known for his work in neon art. In 2009 he was commissioned by the United States Postal Service to create the first-ever neon postage stamp for the Forever Stamp series. The "Celebrate" stamp was released in 2011. The stamp was reissued in 2015, and the original 33” x 44” neon is on exhibit at the Smithsonian National Postal Museum.
Flechtner graduated with a degree in Fine Arts in 1981 from Columbus College of Art and Design. An Ohio native, with a Masters in Fine Art (sculpture & painting) from Wichita State University, Flechtner moved to Los Angeles in the mid-1980s, inspired first by the artist Stephen Antonakos and subsequent visit to the Museum of Neon Art (MONA), then located in Downtown Los Angeles. Flechtner now sits on MONA's advisory board.
Flechtner says his fascination with light began when he was a child: "I’d go to church and see light streaming through the stained glass windows, my father, replacing bulbs sitting in a pile Christmas lights and various flavors of Jell-O." His public art includes "A Neon Aquarium" at the corner of Olympic and Sawtelle in Los Angeles, and installations in Minneapolis and Tokyo. In 2019 he began the physical reproduction and replacement of the neon signage at the drive-in movie theater in his home town of Tiffin, Ohio.
Flechtner is the recipient of a J. Paul Getty Trust Fund Fellowship for the Visual Arts, the Botticelli Award, and Ford Foundation Award.
# Micheldever Spoil Heaps

Micheldever Spoil Heaps is a 32.1-hectare (79-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Micheldever in Hampshire.
This site is composed of spoil heaps from nineteenth-century railway construction, and it is described by Natural England as "of quite exceptional botanical importance". Most species have colonised the site from nearby, but some from a distance, and the plant assemblage is in a state of flux, with many rareties. There are large populations of fly orchids.
The site is open to the public.