OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aislaby, Scarborough

Aislaby (/ˈeɪzəlbi/ AYZ-əl-bi) is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is situated near the town of Whitby on the northern slopes of Eskdale just off the A171.

## History

The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Asuluesbi in the Hundred of Langbaurgh. It was listed as having 2 ploughlands with 6 acres of meadow and woodland. The Lord in 1066 was named as Uhtred, but had changed to Richard of Sourdeval under the tenancy of Count Robert of Mortain. Lordship descended to the Brus family by the reign of Henry I and then Lucy de Thweng via the Rosels family and Nicholas de Meynell. By the early fourteenth century it had passed as a mense lordship to Arnald de Percy. From then on it was held by the Darcy family and the Strangways until 1541 when it became part of the holdings of Lord Dacre until 1685. Like its namesakes near Pickering and the other to the west of Stockton-on-Tees the place-name is derived from Viking Old Norse meaning "Aslakr's or Asulf's farm".
The area around the village is noted for its quarries, and the stone that was used in many local buildings and further afield in some notable structures such as London Bridge and Ramsgate Pier. Local buildings constructed from the stone include Pond House which is grade II* listed.

## Governance

The village lies within the Scarborough and Whitby Parliamentary constituency; the Mulgrave War of Scarborough Borough District; and of the Whitby/Maythorpe cum Mulgrave Electoral Division of North Yorkshire County Council.

## Demography

The Parish area is approximately 1,086 acres (439 ha). According to the 2011 UK census, Aislaby parish had a population of 243, in 164 dwellings, a reduction on the 2001 UK census figure of 280.
Historical population of Aislaby, Scarborough (Source: GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth) :
| Year | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 |
| Population | 337 | 340 | 273 | 273 | 299 | 293 | n/a | 245 | 215 |

## Community

The village lies within the catchment area of Stakesby Community Primary School in Whitby for Primary Education and of Eskdale School and Caedmon College Whitby for Secondary Education.

## Religion

St Margarets' Church, Aislaby was built in 1897. This replaced a 1732 building that itself had replaced the earlier medieval church. The church is Grade II listed building.
# Skinners Gap

Skinners Gap (elevation: 650 feet [198 m]) is a mountain pass in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
Skinners Gap most likely was named after a local pioneer settler.
# Buena Vista, Scioto County, Ohio

Buena Vista is an unincorporated community in Scioto County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

## History

Buena Vista was platted in 1850. The community was named in commemoration of the Battle of Buena Vista (1847) in the Mexican–American War. A post office called Buena Vista was established in 1883, and remained in operation until 1960.
# John Beikie

Lt. Col. John Beikie (February 14, 1766 – March 20, 1839) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada.

## Biography

He was born of Scottish parents in Gibraltar in 1766. He settled in Cornwall in 1794 and was named justice of the peace in the Eastern District in 1796. He moved to York (Toronto) in 1801 where he lived on the north side of Front Street east of Spadina Avenue where Windsor Street now stands. Rev. Dr. Henry Scadding describes him as a tall, upright, staidly moving man who was usually seen in a long snuff-coloured overcoat and, also, as one of the dramatis personae of York. He served in the local militia during the War of 1812 and was actively engaged in the defence of York against the American invaders in 1813 and was held by them as a hostage. His wife, Penelope, was one of the few who held fast in her home to keep off American looters. From 1810 to 1815 John Beikie was Sheriff of York and, as such, he probably was the first to complain of wretched conditions in York Gaol; a protest repeated by Sir William Campbell and many others over the years. Beikie represented Stormont and Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada from 1812 to 1816. He was clerk of the Executive Council from 1820 to 1825 and was named justice of the peace in the Home District in 1822. He became Lieutenant Colonel of the militia in 1826.
John Beikie was a Freemason and one of the founding members of St. Andrew's Lodge. He was Master from 1825 - 1828.
He died in Toronto in 1839.
# Mary McCarty Snow

Mary Helen Snow McCarty (26 August 1928 - 14 October 2012) was an American composer, organist/pianist, and publisher who wrote The Waveform Music Book: Composing, Teaching, Performing Electronic Music with the ARP 2600 Synthesizer in 1977. She published most of her work under the names Mary Snow or Mary McCarty Snow.

## Life

Snow was born in Brownsville, Texas, to Carrie Beth Sewell and Harry Evans Snow. She married Darrell Keith McCarty in 1951. They had four children before divorcing in 1981. She and her husband formed the Lariken Press publishing company, which published her Waveform Music Book.
Snow earned a B.A. at Indiana University and a M.M. at the University of Illinois. Her teachers included Anis Fuleihan and Burrill Philips. She gave private piano lessons, taught at Texas Technological University, and served as an organist at several churches in Lubbock, Texas: the First Christian Church, First Covenant Presbyterian Church, Forrest Heights Methodist Church, and St. Christopher's Episcopal Church. She also established the Lubbock chapter of People Against Violent Crimes, and created a fundraiser for the organization called the “Bach-a-Thon.”
Snow received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1977 and 1980, as well as a grant from Texas Technological University to compose a work based on desert land cultures. She composed electronic music for university theatre productions (listed below). Her works were published by the American Music Center, I. E. Clark, and Lariken Press. They include:

## Band

* Toccata

## Book

* The Waveform Music Book: Composing, Teaching, Performing Electronic Music with the Arp 2600 Synthesizer

## Chamber

* Five Monodies (clarinet)

## Dance

* Ezekiel I (actor, dancer, and tape)

## Electronic

* Bacchae (text based on Euripides)
* Hieroglyphs (instruments and tape)
* Mandora (violin and tape)
* Obsidion II
* Voyages: Columbus/Apollo II

## Theatre

* Dr. Faustus
* Indians
* MaratSade
* Peer Gynt
* Shining Princess of the Slender Bamboo
* The Tempest
# Slovenia at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

14 athletes (13 men and 1 woman) from Slovenia competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Silver | Franjo Izlakar | Athletics | Men's shot put F36 |
| Silver | Franc Pinter | Shooting | Men's air rifle standing SH1 |
| Bronze | Janez Roškar | Athletics | Men's javelin F54 |
| Bronze | Danijel Pavlinec | Swimming | Men's 100m freestyle S6 |
| Bronze | Danijel Pavlinec | Swimming | Men's 200m freestyle S6 |
# Aicart

Aicart is a given name and a surname with both Spanish and French origin. Notable people with the name include:
* Aicart or Aycart del Fossat (fl. 1250–68), Occitan troubadour
* José Manuel Pérez-Aicart (born 1982), Spanish auto racing driver
* Pepe Aicart (born 1986), Spanish footballer
# Aich (river)

The Aich is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is approximately 30.5 kilometres (19.0 mi) long. It is a left tributary of the Neckar in Nürtingen.

## Geography

The Aich's origin is in Holzgerlingen. It flows to the north through Neuweiler and then south past Schönaich and Waldenbuch. It then flows through the Schönbuch nature park before passing through Betzenberg. After that, it flows through Aichtal before finally passing through Oberensingen and into the Neckar. The river is home to some species of white fish.

### Tributaries

* Eschelbach (right), 2,2 km, 1,8 km$^2$
* Aischbach (right), 3,1 km, 2,8 km$^2$
* Keckbach (right), 1,6 km, 1,9 km$^2$
* Krähenbach (left), 4,8 km, 8,1 km$^2$
* Kohlklingenbach (right), 0,4 km
* Seebach (left), 2,1 km, 1,9 km$^2$
* Losklinge (left), 1,6 km
* Seebach (left), 6,9 km, 14,8 km$^2$
* Laubbach (right), 1,6 km
* Faulbach (right), 3,0 km
* Erbeerbühl(bach) (left), 1,4 km
* Groppbach (left), 1,7 km
* Seitenbach (right), 9,4 km
* Immenbach (right), 2,97 km
* Brunnenbach (right), 1,7 km
* Diebsklinge (right), 1,6 km
* Stellenbrunnen (right), 0,95 km
* Reichenbach (left), 13,3 km
* Schaich (right), 23,6 km
* Baumbach (left), 7,5 km
* Baiersbach (right), 2,07 km
* Finsterbach (left), 2,3 km
* Weiherbach (left), 4,4 km
* Follbach (left'), 3,5 km
* Teufelsklinge (left), 0,7 km
# Ross Creek, Nova Scotia

Ross Creek, Nova Scotia is a community in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
# Bulbophyllum mirum

Bulbophyllum mirum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. Its natural distribution is peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, and on Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. It grows in humid montane forests at altitudes from 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to 1,600 m (5,200 ft).
# Bulbophyllum minutissimum

Bulbophyllum minutissimum, commonly known as the red bead orchid or grain-of-wheat orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with small, flattened, reddish or green pseudobulbs, scale-like leaves and small whitish to reddish flowers with broad dar red stripes. It grows on trees and rocks, mostly in swamps and near streams in eastern Australia.

## Description

Bulbophyllum minutissimum is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with crowded, reddish or green, flattened spherical pseudobulbs that are 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) in diameter. The pseudobulbs contain stomata on their inner surface, which minimizes surface area and the loss of water by transpiration. Each pseudobulb has a single linear to lance-shaped, papery, scale-like leaf about 1 mm (0.04 in) long. A single flower about 2.5 mm (0.1 in) long and 3.5 mm (0.1 in) wide is borne on a thread-like flowering stem about 3 mm (0.1 in) long. The flowers are whitish to reddish with broad dark red stripes and have a pimply or hairy ovary. The sepals are 2–3 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide, the petals about 1.5 mm (0.06 in) long and 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wide. The labellum is red, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) wide, curved and fleshy. Flowering occurs from October to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

The red bead orchid was first formally described in 1865 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Dendrobium minutissimum and published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae, but in 1878 he changed the name to Bulbophyllum minutissimum. The specific epithet (minutissimum) is the superlative form of the Latin word minutus meaning "little" or "small", hence "smallest".

## Distribution and habitat

Bulbophyllum minutissimum grows on trees and rocks in wet places, including swamps, stream banks and mangroves. It occurs between the Blackdown Tableland in Queensland and Milton in New South Wales.
# Airstone

An airstone, also called an aquarium bubbler, is a piece of aquarium furniture, traditionally a piece of limewood or porous stone, whose purpose is to gradually diffuse air into the tank, eliminating the noise and large bubbles of conventional air filtration systems, and providing other benefits to the health of the fish. "Airstone" is also a brand name stone or brick veneer used by homebuilders. Airstones are sold in a very wide variety of shapes, sizes, and levels of coarseness – from extremely rough, producing larger (though still typically unnoticeable) bubbles and letting in more oxygen – to very fine, producing minuscule bubbles. Airstones are increasingly being made from bonded glass beads and synthetic products like fiberglass.
There is some controversy as to the efficiency of airstones versus the conventional powerhead system when used in uplift tubes as part of an under-gravel filter. Arguments can be made in favor of both systems, and both possess certain advantages and disadvantages. Among aquarists, the choice is very much a matter of personal preference, quite often discussed in internet forums.

## Protein skimming

The original method of protein skimming, running pressurized air through a diffuser to produce large quantities of micro bubbles, remains a viable, effective, and economic choice, although newer technologies may require lower maintenance. The air stone is most often an oblong, partially hollowed block of wood, most often of the genus Tilia. The most popular wooden air-stones for skimmers are made from limewood (Tilia europaea or European limewood) although basswood (Tilia americana or American Linden), works as well, may be cheaper and is often more readily available. The wooden blocks are drilled, tapped, fitted with an air fitting, and connected by air tubing to one or more air pumps delivering at least 1 cubic foot per minute. The wooden air stone is placed at the bottom of a tall column of water. The tank water is pumped into the column, allowed to pass by the rising bubbles, and back into the tank. To get enough contact time with the bubble, these units can be many feet in height.
Air stone protein skimmers may be constructed as a DIY project from PVC pipes and fittings at low cost Archived 2009-01-23 at the Wayback Machine and with varying degrees of complexity .
While this method has been around for many years, many regard it as inefficient for larger systems or systems with large bio-loads.
# Skur Buchan

Skurbuchan, also spelled Skitchan, is the headquarters of the eponymous block in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Khalsi tehsil. It is located 125km west of Leh city. People here are devoted to Tibetan Buddhism, particularly the Drikung Kagyu lineage.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Skur Buchan has 299 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 66.13%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 1932 | 916 | 1016 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 243 | 138 | 105 |
| Scheduled caste | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1905 | 901 | 1004 |
| Literates | 1117 | 555 | 562 |
| Workers (all) | 1290 | 609 | 681 |
| Main workers (total) | 861 | 455 | 406 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 338 | 129 | 209 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 46 | 17 | 29 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 48 | 5 | 43 |
| Main workers: Other | 429 | 304 | 125 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 429 | 154 | 275 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 293 | 93 | 200 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 28 | 8 | 20 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 17 | 2 | 15 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 91 | 51 | 40 |
| Non-workers | 642 | 307 | 335 |
# John Findlay

John Findlay may refer to:
* John Findlay (footballer) (died 1916), Scottish footballer
* John Findlay (U.S. politician) (1766–1838), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
* John Findlay (New Zealand politician) (1862–1929), New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party
* John M. Findlay, University of Washington faculty member, author, and editor of Pacific Northwest Quarterly
* John Van Lear Findlay (1839–1907), U.S. Representative from Maryland
* John Niemeyer Findlay (1903–1987), 20th century philosopher
* John Ritchie Findlay (1824–1898), Scottish newspaper proprietor and philanthropist
* Sir John Ritchie Findlay, 1st Baronet (1866–1930), Scottish newspaper proprietor and philanthropist, son of the above
* John Walter Findlay (1866–1943), member of the Canadian House of Commons
* Edmund Findlay (John Edmund Ritchie Findlay, 1902–1962), Scottish politician and MP for Banffshire, full name
# Holgate Brewhouse

Holgate Brewhouse is a small, independent, family-owned brewery in Woodend, Victoria, Australia. The brewery operations began in 1999 and were moved to the Keatings Hotel in 2005, where the Brewhouse also operates a restaurant and hotel. Holgate beers are available in bottles and on tap throughout the Melbourne area.
Their beers have consistently won accolades at the Australian International Beer Awards, including gold medals for the Mt Macedon Ale and Pilsner, as well as the 2008 Premier's Trophy for Best Victorian Beer for the Big Reg Lager.
# Holgate House

Holgate House is a historic building in the Holgate area of York, in England.
The house lies on Holgate Road. Its site was purchased by Edward Matterson in 1770, and he completed the house in 1774, probably as a speculative development. The property had several owners before, in 1786, it was purchased by William Tuke on behalf of Lindley Murray, who lived there until his death in 1826. From 1859, it was occupied by James Backhouse. In the 20th century, it was purchased by British Rail, and served as the headquarters of the British Transport Police. In about 1997, it became the Collingwood Hotel, but it was converted into flats around the year 2000. It was Grade II* listed in 1983.
The three-storey house is built of brick. The original part of the house is three bays wide, and there are two-storey wings either side of the main block. These are early 19th century, although the one to the north may be a rebuilding of an earlier annexe. To the right of the north wing is a narrow late 19th century extension. West of the house is a former stable, now of two storeys. When built, it had a summer house in the garden, but this was later moved to The Mount School.
The door surround is original, as its the staircase, and two first floor fireplaces. The windows are also old, and those on the ground floor are bay windows. Most other fixtures date from the early 19th century.
# Ainiktozoon

Ainiktozoon loganense ("Logan's enigmatic animal", from αἰνικτός (aíniktós, "riddling, enigmatical"), ζωόν living thing), is a fossil arthropod from the Silurian of Scotland. It was found at the Birk Knowes site, part of the Patrick Burn Formation, near Lesmahagow. Originally described as an early chordate, recent studies suggest that it was in fact an arthropod, more precisely a thylacocephalan crustacean.
# John Fuller (Australian politician)

Sir John Bryan Munro Fuller (22 September 1917 – 31 January 2009) was an Australian politician, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council for the Country Party from 1961 to 1978.

## Early years

Fuller was born in the Sydney suburb of Mosman in 1917, and was educated at Knox Grammar School at Wahroonga. Following his schooling, he worked in rural New South Wales and Queensland, before acquiring and settling on a farm property at Coolah. A member of the NSW Country Party since 1940, he served as a councillor on the Coolah Shire Council from 1955 to 1965.

## Political career

He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council on 23 April 1961. During his term he served as Minister for Decentralisation and Development (1965–1973), Deputy Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (1966–1968), Minister for Planning and Environment (1973–1976), Vice-President of the Executive Council and Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (1968–1976) and Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Council (1976–1978).
After retiring from politics, Fuller remained actively involved in charities and organisations such as the Australian Monarchist League. He died on 31 January 2009, aged 91, after a long battle with cancer.

## Honours

Fuller was made a Knight Bachelor on 1 January 1974 for his work as NSW Minister for Development. He was also awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977.
# Rostroconchia

The Rostroconchia is a class of extinct molluscs dating from the early Cambrian to the Late Permian. They were initially thought to be bivalves, but were later given their own class. They have a single shell in their larval stage, and the adult typically has a single, pseudo-bivalved shell enclosing the mantle and muscular foot. The anterior part of the shell probably pointed downward and had a gap from which the foot could probably emerge. Rostroconchs probably lived a sedentary semi-infaunal lifestyle. There were probably more than 1,000 species of members of this class.
Approximately 3 dozen genera and an even greater number of species have been described. Generally, rostroconchs are small, less than two centimeters in length, but larger forms, found in United States Devonian limestones, can grow to a length of 15 cm.

## Morphology and lifestyle

Externally, rostroconchs look much like bivalves and rostroconchs probably had an extendable muscular foot, indicated by a prominent anterior gape in the rostroconch's shell. It seems, however, that the internal anatomy and morphology of the foot were closer to that of the scaphopods.
Rostroconchs began their life as a small, bilaterally symmetrical, univalved protoconch planktonic larva. The bilateral shell grew into two valves as the rostroconch entered adulthood. Adult rostroconchs differ from bivalves because they have no functional hinge. Unlike the shell of a bivalve, which was able to move or articulate, the shell layers of a rostroconch — the layers of rigid calcite— continue across the whole dorsal area of the rostroconch. The two valves would have been rigidly fixed in place, and would have to have been broken periodically to allow the rostroconch shell to grow.
The posterior of the shell contains a flattened tube that is called the rostrum. The rostroconch probably burrowed itself into sediment, anterior first, leaving the rostrum above the sediment to be used as a water filtration system.

## Evolutionary history

Heraultipegma is the earliest, very primitive, rostroconch genus dating from the Late Terreneuvian. True Rostroconchs appeared during the Ordovician, heavily competing with the bivalves until their decline in the end-early Ordovician turnover.
Early, primitive rostroconchs such as Ribeiroia had a hinge in which all shell layers covered the dorsal region resulting in a very rigid shell. In Conocardium, a more advanced rostroconch, the outer shell layers do not cross the entire margin, suggesting independent steps towards the bivalve flexible hinge.
Some evidence suggests that the conocardoid rostroconchs were the predecessors to the Scaphopoda.
# Ainoceras

Ainoceras ("Ainu's Horn") is a genus of extinct, aberrantly coiled ammonite cephalopod that live in the Pacific Ocean during the Campanian division of the Cretaceous, where Japan is today. Their shells were coiled very similarly to the related Anaklinoceras, in that, when young, the shell coiled helically, and then upon reaching adulthood, the shell then bent over the older coils. However, Ainoceras differed in this respect in that, whereas in Anaklinoceras, the youngest coil wrapped very closely around the older coils, while in Ainoceras, the youngest coil bent over the older coils in a wide loop or oxbow.
# Massachusetts House of Representatives' 14th Worcester district

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 14th Worcester district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Worcester County. Democrat Jim O'Day of West Boylston has represented the district since 2007.

## Locales represented

The district includes the following localities:
* West Boylston
* part of the city of Worcester
The current district geographic boundary overlaps with that of the Massachusetts Senate's 1st Worcester district.

### Former locales

The district previously covered:
* Northbridge, circa 1872
* Upton, circa 1872

## Representatives

* James E. Cheney, circa 1858
* Ralph E. Bigelow, circa 1859
* Jonathan C. Taylor, 1867
* Morrill A. Greenwood, circa 1888
* Albert T. Wall, circa 1920
* Gerald P. Lombard, circa 1951-1975
* James B. Leary
* James J. O'Day, 2007-current