OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Valbuena de Duero

Valbuena de Duero is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 502 inhabitants. The Church of San Andrés, a beautiful Romanesque church dating back to the 13th century, is a notable landmark.

## Villages

San Bernardo is a village within Valbuena de Duero municipality. It was founded in the 1950s by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización. Its inhabitants came from Santa María de Poyos, a town in Guadalajara Province that was submerged by the waters of the Embalse de Buendía reservoir. Presently there is a Ribera del Duero DO wine cellar in San Bernardo named after the village.
The Valbuena Abbey is located within the limits of Valbuena de Duero municipality.
# Henry Neijhorst

Henry Roëll Neijhorst (also Neyhorst; born 7 January 1940) is a Surinamese economist who served as Prime Minister of Suriname from 31 March to 9 December 1982. He also served as Minister of Finance from 15 March to 15 August 1980.

## Education and early career

Neijhorst studied economics at the University of Amsterdam and the School of Economics in Rotterdam, eventually receiving his drs. in economics from the Catholic University of Tilburg in 1972. During his studies, he was active in the Nationalist Student Movement, an organisation of Surinamese students in the Netherlands.

## Cabinet

When Henk Chin A Sen became Prime Minister after the 1980 Sergeants' Coup, he chose Neijhorst as his Finance Minister. Neijhorst at the time had been serving as the economic director of the National Development Bank. After the serving Minister of Economic Planning was dismissed in June, Neijhorst took over that position as well. However, when President Ferrier was forced by the military to resign in August, Neijhorst voluntarily resigned from the Cabinet soon after. He was the basis for a fictional Finance Minister in Joop van den Broek [nl]'s 1981 novel Afrekening in Paramaribo (Settling in Paramaribo).
After his resignation, Neijhorst became a member of the Committee for Netherlands-Suriname Cooperation. He also joined the Surinaams Postspaarbank (Surinamese Postal Savings Bank) as a director.
In March 1982, Neijhorst was jointly appointed as Prime Minister and acting Finance Minister to succeed Chin A Sen. He was part of the four-member Policy Centre, a governing body whose other members were Foreign Minister Harvey Naarendorp [nl], Military Council Chairman Desi Bouterse, and Military Council Vice-Chairman Roy Horb. In theory, the Policy Centre would provide a buffer between the National Military Council and the civilian Cabinet of Ministers. However, Neijhorst and the rest of the Cabinet chose to resign after the National Military Council unilaterally decided to eliminate opposition leaders.
In 1991, Neijhorst became an economic advisor to the Venetiaan government.

## Later career

Neijhorst contributed photographs of 1960's sports teams to The First Surinamese Sports Encyclopaedia (1893-1988). He also edited a 1998 volume of articles by Jnan Adhin [nl]. In honor of Humphrey Mijnals' eightieth birthday (2010), Neijhorst published a tribute brochure in cooperation with the Surinamese Football Association. Neijhorst drew attention to Mijnals' pioneering records: one of the first foreign players in Brazilian football and the first nonwhite captain of USV Elinkwijk.
# Neuroelectrics

Neuroelectrics is a Barcelona-based Spanish company which produces devices to stimulate and treat the brain. Founded in 2011, it is a spin-off of Starlab Neuroscience Research which was established in 2000.
The company was founded by Ana Maiques, CEO, and her husband Giulio Ruffini, both of whom had originally worked in Barcelona for the Belgian research company Starlab until it declared bankruptcy.
Neuroelectrics currently markets two medical devices:
* Enobio is a wireless and wearable brain monitoring device that record electroencephalogram (EEG).
* Starstim is a hybrid brain stimulator that combines EEG with the three types of non-invasive electric stimulation: direct current (tDCS), alternating current (tACS) and random-noise (tRNS) stimulation.
Maiques believes they could find applications in monitoring the early development of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's in order to combat worsening conditions.
In February 2014, the company opened an office in Boston, Massachusetts. In 2014, Ana Maiques won third prize in the European Commission's Women Innovator Contest for her entrepreneurial vision. In April 2015, Neuroelectrics won the Bupa Startup Stage at Wired Health 2015.

## Accreditations

Both Starstim and Enobio are CE certified medical devices targeted to the medical and research communities. The US Federal law classifies both Starstim and Enobio as investigational devices. Other accreditations include Health Canada Medical Device License Approval for both Starstim and Enobio. Starstim complies with the European legislation for medical devices for the treatment of pain, stroke, depression and addictive disorders.
# Smaragdina salicina

Smaragdina salicina is a species of short-horned leaf beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, subfamily Cryptocephalinae.
This leaf beetle lives in Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm, and in the Near East.
The adults are 4.5–6.5 millimetres (0.18–0.26 in) long. The colours of head and elytra of this beetle are dark blue, while pronotum is reddish and legs are yellowish.
They mainly feed on Salix and Crataegus species, but also on leaves of various other plants (Blackthorn Prunus spinosa, Trifolium species, etc.).
At the time of egg-laying they wrap their eggs in an envelope of their own excrement and drop them on the ground from above, manoeuvring with their hind legs.
# Teardrop trailer (truck)

A teardrop trailer is an aerodynamically shaped semi-trailer with a curved-roof that differs in shape from the traditional rectangularly shaped trailer. The trailer is meant to be paired with a compatibly designed tractor unit leading to greater fuel efficiency of the tractor-trailer combination. As such, the "teardrop" phrase refers to the entire combination, not just the trailer. The curved shape of the roof decreases aerodynamic drag by smoothing airflow over the top, thus improving fuel efficiency.
One operator has reported the trailers save 2% in fuel in service that included significant low speed delivery operation and 5% in higher speed long-haul operation.
Another factor improving airflow is the gap between the tractor and trailer is minimized to lessen the amount of turbulence created by air flowing into the gap.
Teardrop trailers are only available in the United Kingdom and manufactured by one company, Don-Bur Trailers & Bodies Ltd which has patented the design. The manufacturer claims they can save 11.3% in fuel.
The design echos streamlined shapes used in submarines, automobiles and camping trailers. The first streamlined car was the Tropfenwagen introduced in 1921, named after its teardrop shape (the literal translation from German is "drop car").
A study of trucking fleets in North American found that improving trailer aerodynamics was the least used method for improving fuel efficiency. Improving tractor aerodynamics and using low rolling resistance tires were adopted at much higher rates.

## Adoption

The trailers have been used in the United Kingdom for several years by various operators. Deutsche Post DHL operates over 1,100 in the UK and was the first operator in continental Europe; it announced in 2014 that it would use the trailers in France and Germany.
# Tarpa

Tarpa is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.

## Geography

It covers an area of 49.73 km$^2$ (19 sq mi) and has a population of 2322 people (2015).

## History

The name 'arpa' was first mentioned in a charter as Tarpa in 1299 and then as Thorpa in 1321 and Corpa in 1332. By this time his church, named after St. Andrew, was already standing. The Tarpai family already owned the village in the 13th century. In the register of papal tithes of 1333, it was called Torpa. The settlement with an irregular floor plan already had the status of a market town in the Middle Ages. On March 1, 1626, Prince Gábor Bethlen granted the settlement a letter of privilege, which ensured free trade and complete duty-free treatment throughout the country. In 1665 he received the right to hold national fairs from King Leopold I. The modified market town of Szatmár County played an important role in the hiding movement preparing for the Rákóczi's War of Independence. The local-born Tamás Esze, II. The inevitable merit of Francis II Rákóczi's serf was that in the spring of 1703 it was not Imre Thököly, who was living in exile in Turkey, but the young Rákóczi, who was hiding on Polish soil, that he was defeated. Rákóczi not only took Tamás Esze and his family under his patronage, but also gave Tarpa the privilege of Hajdúváros.
After the war of independence, the settlement was treated by the chambers. There were no manorial estates in the settlement. It was always inhabited by small and medium peasants. In addition to large-scale animal husbandry and fruit production, many folk craftsmen contributed to its enrichment, the Tarpa shingles, flour barrels and wine barrels were famous. Traders in Tarpa carried the goods far from Maramureș to Hegyalja. The centuries-old past of the village can still be discovered in the structure of the settlement. Most of today's streets were already in the 18th century, the former street names still live on the lips of the people: Nagy Waist, Tóhát, Hajnal, Kis utca, Venice. Irregular, mostly curved streets are connected by "straits". At the junction of the streets, funnel-like spaces usually developed and were built. Row plots with row and cross barrels are common, where there is no barn, the yard is mostly separated from the garden by a pound, sometimes by a plank fence, the passage of which is closed by the capitalist gate. On Kossuth, Rákóczi, Hunyadi and Árpád streets, there are still many folk classicist dwelling houses and “talking” loopholes (perhaps it was named because people talked under the covered gate), as well as an outbuilding. Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky (1886–1944) died a martyr in the Second World War between 1931 and 1935.
# Patrick Hunter Gordon

Major Patrick Hunter Gordon CBE MC FRSE (6 December 1916 – 28 March 1978) was a Scottish soldier and electrical engineer. He was Managing Director of two engineering firms, AI Welders and Cable Belt.

## Life

Patrick Hunter Gordon was born on 6 December 1916 in Inverness, the son of Samuel Gordon Hunter (born 1877) and his wife Clare Agnes Johnston, who was from County Down. He was educated at Cargilfield Preparatory School in Edinburgh and Oundle School in Northamptonshire, before going on to study Mechanical Sciences at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated BA (1938) and MA (Cantab).
He next undertook military training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, joining the Royal Engineers in 1936. In the Second World War he was located at Fort Hahenberg, before moving to Brillon near Lille on the Maginot Line in March 1940. In June 1948, after the war was over, he became an instructor at Camberley Staff College.
He died in a car accident on 28 March 1978 and was buried at Tomnahurich in Inverness.

## Family

In 1940 he married Valerie de Ferranti (granddaughter of Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, founder of Ferranti). Valerie Hunter Gordon came to fame in 1947 as the inventor of one of the world's first disposable nappies, the PADDI.
# Stuart Higgins

Stuart Higgins (born c. 1956) is a British public relations consultant and former newspaper editor.
In 1972 Higgins left school in Kingswood, on the outskirts of Bristol, and began his career as a reporter at the South West News, an agency founded by Roland Arblaster. He began working for The Sun in 1979 as their West Country reporter. He was arrested in 1982 by the police after being found with a Sun photographer "testing security" at Highgrove House, home of Charles, Prince of Wales.
At one point, Kelvin MacKenzie printed Higgins' direct phone number in The Sun, billed him as the "human sponge" and asked readers to call Higgins to "get things off their chest". In 1994, Higgins succeeded MacKenzie as editor of the newspaper. In 1996, Higgins wrote a front-page story about an intimate video purporting to feature Diana, Princess of Wales, with James Hewitt. The video turned out to be a hoax.
Higgins left The Sun in June 1998. On 11 November 2003, Labour MP Clive Soley, using parliamentary privilege, alleged that News International had paid £500,000 'hush money' to a female employee who had accused Higgins of sexual harassment during his time at The Sun. Soley also accused Rebekah Wade (now Brooks), then the newspaper's editor, of writing a threatening letter to the MP to discourage him from researching the issue.
Higgins subsequently set up his own public relations company, but sold the company in 2007. In February 2013, it was reported that Higgins was in Pretoria, South Africa, assisting athlete Oscar Pistorius, accused of murdering his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, in dealing with the press.
# J. Earl McEwen

Joseph Earl McEwen (January 22, 1911 – November 6, 2004) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1975 to 1985.

## Background

McEwen was born at Sharbot Lake, Ontario, and educated in Trenton. He was an active freemason. He owned a grocery store and decided to enter politics after the municipal government of Kingston denied him permission to salt the street in front of his business. He served as reeve of the community for sixteen years, and was warden of Frontenac County as well as president of the local Progressive Conservative association.

## Politics

He ran for the House of Commons of Canada in the federal elections of 1963 and 1965, as a candidate of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in Kingston. He lost on both occasions to Liberal candidate Edgar Benson.
McEwen first campaigned for the Ontario legislature in the 1971 provincial election. After losing the Progressive Conservative nomination in Frontenac—Addington to W.J. Nuttall, he entered the contest as an independent candidate and finished a credible third. McEwen subsequently joined the Ontario Liberal Party, and defeated Nuttall by 1,415 votes under his new party's banner in the 1975 election.
He was re-elected by 940 votes in the 1977 election, and by 340 votes in the 1981 election. He crossed the floor to join the Progressive Conservative Party in 1984, complaining that the Liberal Party was going nowhere under David Peterson's leadership. McEwen had been known in the Liberal caucus as a difficult figure, and rarely attended meetings. Some believe he wanted to ensure his own re-election by changing sides. The Progressive Conservatives had planned to nominate Sally Barnes, a prominent aide to Premier William Davis, to challenge him in the next election.
Despite languishing in the polls throughout 1984, the Liberals made significant gains in the 1985 provincial election and formed a minority government with outside support from the New Democratic Party. McEwen lost the Frontenac—Addington constituency to Liberal candidate Larry South by 2,387 votes.

## Later life

McEwen died in 2004 at age 93, and the legislature paid tribute to him on December 14 of that year. He was predeceased by his wife and his son Robert and is survived by three granddaughters and seven great-grandchildren. Bob Runciman described him as a larger-than-life figure in the political culture of eastern Ontario. During his career as a politician, McEwen was known for touring his constituency in a two-door Lincoln, wearing a wide-brimmed hat and smoking a prominent cigar. He often complained that little real work was done in the assembly, and said that he preferred to spend time in his community. There is currently a J. Earl McEwen Fire Hall in Kingston, and another building was named in his honour in 2005.
# Tibicininae

Tibicininae is a subfamily of cicadas in the family Cicadidae. There are 5 tribes and at least 140 described species in Tibicininae. They are found in the Neotropics, the Nearctic, and the Palearctic.
Tibicininae underwent a major revision in 2005, and it was proposed to rename the subfamily Tettigadinae in order to avoid confusion due to the restructuring of the subfamily. This proposal was not universally accepted, and no official appeal was made for the name change. Even so, Tettigadinae is sometimes used as a name for this subfamily.

## Genera

These 23 genera belong to the subfamily Tibicininae:
* Acuticephala Torres, 1958$^{icg}$
* Alarcta Torres, 1958$^{icg}$
* Babras Jacobi, 1907$^{icg}$
* Calliopsida Torres, 1958$^{icg}$
* Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014$^{cg}$
* Chonosia Distant, 1905$^{icg}$
* Clidophleps Van Duzee, 1915$^{icgb}$
* Coata Distant, 1906$^{icg}$
* Mendozana Distant, 1906$^{icg}$
* Neoplatypedia Davis, 1920$^{icgb}$
* Okanagana Distant, 1905$^{icgb}$
* Okanagodes Davis, 1919$^{icgb}$
* Paharia Distant, 1905$^{cg}$
* Platypedia Uhler, 1888$^{icgb}$
* Psephenotettix Torres, 1958$^{icg}$
* Selymbria Stål, 1861$^{icg}$
* Subpsaltria Chen, 1943$^{cg}$
* Subtibicina Lee, 2012$^{cg}$
* Tettigades Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843$^{icg}$
* Tettigotoma Torres, 1942$^{icg}$
* Tibicina Kolenati, 1857$^{icg}$
* Tibicinoides Distant, 1914$^{icgb}$
* Torrescada Sanborn & Heath, 2017$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Unidad Popular

Unidad Popular may refer to:
* Popular Unity (Chile), a left-wing political alliance in Chile that supported Salvador Allende in 1970
* Popular Unity (Spain), a left-wing political alliance in Spain founded in 2015
# Henry Newman (Medal of Honor)

Henry Newman (c. 1845 – July 13, 1915) was a German-born soldier in the U.S. Army who served with the 5th U.S. Cavalry during the Indian Wars. In the Apache Wars, he was one of three men who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry against a hostile band of Apache Indians in the Whetstone Mountains of Arizona on July 13, 1872.

## Biography

Henry Newman was born in the German Confederation in about 1845. He later emigrated to the United States and enlisted in the U.S. Army in Cincinnati, Ohio. Assigned to frontier duty with the 5th U.S. Cavalry, he took part in the Apache Wars during the early 1870s and eventually rose to the rank of first sergeant.
On July 13, 1872, Newman set off from Camp Crittenden with a small cavalry detachment under the command of Second Lieutenant William P. Hall to pursue an Apache raiding party that had stolen cattle from a local Mexican rancher. They pursued the Apaches fifteen miles into a canyon in the Whetstone Mountains and encountered a much larger force then they had expected. Though they attempted to surprise the Apache, the troopers were spotted and the hostiles charged. The Apache also began dropping boulders from as high as 800 feet, injuring several cavalrymen and their horses. Outnumbered and unable to mount a successful defence as long as the Apache were concealed in the canyon, Hall ordered a retreat. As second-in-command, Newman volunteered to stay behind with Hall and Private Michael Glynn to cover the retreat so the wounded could be taken to safety.
For his actions, Newman received the Medal of Honor for gallantry, along with Privates Glynn and John Nihill, on December 4, 1874. He died in Baltimore, Maryland on July 13, 1915, and was buried in Loudon Park National Cemetery.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: First Sergeant, Company F, 5th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Whetstone Mountains, Ariz., 13 July 1872. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Germany. Date of issue: 4 December 1874.
Citation:
   He and 2 companions covered the withdrawal of wounded comrades from the fire of an Apache band well concealed among rocks.
# St George's Church, Beckington

The Church of St George is a Church of England parish church in Beckington, Somerset, England. It is a Norman church, dating from the 14th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building.

## History

Although the first recorded rector was Matrin de Sutton, installed in 1411, the church is at least Norman in origin, with possibly a previous Saxon past. The diagonally buttressed four stage tower is broadly unaltered from the Norman period.
A number of alterations have occurred over the years, such as in the early 17th century, when it gained a Jacobean screen and communion table, as well as a memorial to the poet Samuel Daniel, who died in the parish in 1619. Further notable alterations occurred in the 18th century, when the nave was reroofed (1754) and two new bells placed in the tower (1756), which were cast by Thomas Bilbie of the Bilbie family. The original six bells were recast and two extras added as part of the restoration of the tower in 1906.
The churchyard contains a number of graves, including the war grave of a Royal Artillery soldier of World War II.

### Present day

The Anglican parish is part of the benefice of Beckington with Standerwick, Berkley, Lullington, Orchardleigh and Rodden within the archdeaconry of Wells.
# Smaragdinella fragilis

Smaragdinella fragilis is a species of sea snail, a bubble snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Haminoeidae.
The scientific name of the species was first published in 2008 by Bozzetti.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.4 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Madagascar.
# Teleiodes flavipunctatella

Teleiodes flavipunctatella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Korea.
The wingspan is 11–15 mm. Adults are on wing from mid-May to mid-August.
# Leucadia State Beach

Leucadia State Beach, also known as Beacon's Beach, is a public beach in Encinitas, California, United States. It is operated as Beacon's Beach by the city under a 20-year agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation. Established in 1949, the 10.6-acre (4.3 ha) site is a popular spot for swimming, surfing, fishing, and other beach activities.
# Patrick Sheridan (Bishop of Cloyne)

Dr. Patrick Sheridan (c. 1638 – 22 November 1682) was the Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne between 1679 and 1682.

## Early years

Sheridan was born at Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Ireland, the son of Reverend Dennis Sheridan, rector of Killesher parish, County Fermanagh. His brothers included William Sheridan (Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh) and Sir Thomas Sheridan (politician), Chief Secretary of State for Ireland (1687–1688). His primary school teachers were Sheridan, Bedloe and Wilson.

## Trinity College, Dublin

On 15 May 1652 at the age of 14, Sheridan entered Trinity College, Dublin and later graduated from there as a Master of Arts. In 1660 he became a Fellow of the College, on 20 November 1665 a Senior Fellow, in 1666 a Vice-Provost and in 1681 he became a Doctor of Divinity at the same university.

## Career

On 31 May 1662 he was appointed rector of Clonfeacle parish, County Armagh. On 12 August 1664 he was appointed Archdeacon of Dromore. On 9 November 1667 he was appointed Dean of Connor. In 1668 he was appointed rector of Conwal Parish Church (Church of Ireland) in Raphoe Diocese.

## Bishop of Cloyne

He was nominated as Bishop of Cloyne on 11 February and was consecrated at Cashel Cathedral in Cashel, County Tipperary on 27 April 1679 by the Archbishop of Cashel, Thomas Price, assisted by the bishops of Killaloe, Waterford and Cork. He later applied to James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde to be appointed Bishop of Derry but Sir Leoline Jenkins objected because Sheridan was notorious for his non-residency in the diocese of Cloyne. Sheridan died in Dublin on 22 November 1682 and is buried in the chapel of Trinity College, but no headstone remains.

## Family

In 1677 Sheridan married Anne Hill, widow of Lieutenant-Colonel Moyses Hill and the daughter and co-heir of Francis Hill and Ursula Stafford of Hill Hall, Drumbeg, County Down. They had no children and she died in July 1683.