OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sequence dating

Sequence dating, an archaeological relative dating method, allows assemblages to be arranged in a rough serial order, which is then taken to indicate time. Sequence dating is a method of seriation developed by the Egyptologist Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie. By linking styles of pottery with different time periods, he was able to establish the relative chronology of the site.
Sir Flinders Petrie (1853–1942) was the first to use seriation in Egyptology. Sir Flinders Petrie, the younger contemporary of archaeologist Augustus Pitt Rivers, was meticulous in his excavations and recorded every artifact and detail on site. From his work, Petrie was able to bring chronological order to 2,200 pit graves of the Naqada cemetery in Upper Egypt.
The sequence dating method allowed the relative date, if not the absolute date, of any given Predynastic Egypt site to be ascertained by examining the handles on pottery, general form of the piece, and the stratigraphic layer it was found in. As more evidence of the predynastic period is uncovered, this dating method in relation to the pottery on site aids in determining the relative date of the site.

## Types of seriation
### Contextual seriation

Contextual seriation, which was developed by Flinders Petrie, created sequences of assemblages and arranged them in what he thought was their chronological order based on the inventory of grave contents, his work in Egypt proved this to be a generally true reflection of their chronological sequences.

### Frequency seriation

Frequency seriation measures changes in abundance of a certain ceramic style. This technique was developed in a pioneering paper by W.S. Robinson and G.W. Brainerd, published in 1951. It was created because of artifacts in Mayan sites that had been recovered in the 1940s without stratigraphic context. The assumption was that certain styles of pottery were popular in certain times, and during that time, the popularity would reach a peak and then fade away. So, if a similar style of pottery was found at a different site, they must be from around the same time period.

## Development

The European strategy would eventually make its way into Americanist archaeology during the late 19th century, but it would not be until the second decade of the 20th century that sequence and detail became a part and parcel of archaeology method. Sequence dating has been deemed an obsolete and inaccurate method of dating archaeological sites and artifacts, since archaeologists have discovered more precise methods of dating archaeological sites and artifacts.
# Pêr Denez

Pierre Denis, known also as Pêr Denez (3 February 1921 – 30 July 2011), was a French linguist, lexicographer, scholar and writer.
Denis was born in Rennes. Thanks to his contributions in the form of novels, essays and linguistics, he contributed to the preservation of the written Breton language. He died in Romillé.

## Publications
### Fiction

* Glas evel daoulagad c'hlas na oant ket ma re, Al Liamm 1979, translated in English by Ian Press: Blue Like Blue Eyes Which Were Not My Own, Mouladurioù Hor Yezh 1993, ISBN 978-2-86863-068-1
* Hiroc'h eo an amzer eget ar vuhez, Mouladurioù Hor Yezh, 1981
* Evit an eil gwech, MHY, 1982
* Eus un amzer 'zo bet, MHY, 1992
* En tu all d'an douar ha d'an neñv, MHY, 1993
* Kenavo ar c'hentañ er joaioù, MHY, 1994
* An amzer a ra e dro 1995
* Da Rouz An Noz, MHY, 1996

## Poems

* P'emañ ar mor o regel..., Skrid, 1001

### Linguistics and language methodology

* Kentelioù brezhoneg : eil derez, Al Liamm, 1971
* Brezhoneg buan hag aes, Omnivox, 1972 (reprinted by Hor Yezh, 1997; English edition tr. and adapted by R. Delaporte, Cork University Press, 1977, 1980)
* Étude structurale d'un parler breton : Douarnenez, thèse (3 vol.), Université de Rennes, 1977
* Geriadur brezhoneg Douarnenez, 4 vol., Mouladurioù Hor Yezh, 1980, 1981, 1985
* Mont war-raok gant ar brezhoneg, MHY, 1987

### Articles and essays

In French
* Joseph Ollivier, Les contes de Luzel (Préface de Per Denez, suivie d'une Postface sur “Contes Bretons” Pur-Terre de Brume, 1994), Hor Yezh, 1995 ISBN 2-910699-11-0
* Bretagne et peuples d'Europe, MHY, 1999.
In Breton
* Yezh ha bro, MHY, 1998.

### Diverse

* Korf an den Brest, Skridoù Breizh, 1943.

### Translations

* Theodor Storm, Aquis submersus, Al Liamm, 1950
# Conley House

Conley House may refer to:
* John D. Conley House, a two-story Victorian dwelling of wooden frame construction in Laramie, WY, listed on the NRHP in Wyoming
* Sanford F. Conley House, an ornate eighteenth century residence in Columbia, MO, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
# Tamaroa people

The Tamaroa were a Native American people in the central Mississippi River valley of North America, and a member of the Illiniwek or Illinois Confederation of 12 or 13 tribes. The name "Tamaroa" is a derivative of the word tamarowa meaning "cut tail" in Illiniwek and relates to a totemic animal such as bear or wildcat. An Algonquian-speaking group, like the rest of the Illiniwek, they lived on both sides of the Mississippi River in the area of the confluence with the Illinois and Missouri Rivers. Tamaroan culture is presumed to be similar to that of the Kaskaskia, Peoria, and other Illinois tribes.

## History

An estimated 3000 Tamaroa lived along the Mississippi River, near the confluences with the Missouri and Illinois Rivers, but soon moved to a site near present-day Cahokia, Illinois. In 1682, their village, also called Tamaroa, had about 600 lodges. A Catholic mission was founded near Tamaroa in 1689, which attracted the Cahokia, another Illinois tribe, who settled among the Tamaroa. After they combined, the two tribes had only 90 dwellings, indicating a rapid decline of the Tamaroas.
The Tamaroas united with the Kaskaskia tribe in 1703 at the mouth of the Kaskaskia River, where the French had already established a community of the same name. The tribe was further reduced by its exposure to "...European diseases and liquor and by warfare with the Chickasaw and Shawnee." In 1803, the U. S. government recognized the surviving Tamaroas as members of the Kaskaskia tribe.
Five leaders of the Tamaroa were among those who signed the Treaty of Edwardsville (1818), by which the various groups of the Illiniwek ceded about half of the present state of Illinois to the United States. Descendants of the Tamaroa later merged with other, larger tribes of the Illiniwek, such as the Peoria. As a consequence of the forced Indian removal in the 1830s, their descendants are to be found mostly in Oklahoma, as the Confederated Peoria Tribe.
The group later joined the Peoria tribe and moved to what would become the Kansas Territory. The consolidated Peoria were given land in Indian Territory. Thus, an unknown number of Tamaroa descendants were included in the Peoria reservation residents who were allotted land, beginning in 1889. The reservation was in present-day Ottawa County, Oklahoma.
# Party Builder

Party Builder, also published as Party, was a monthly English language newspaper published in Sydney, by the Communist Party of Australia from June 1942.

## Newspaper history

The first issue, printed on 1 June 1942, was titled Party. Subsequent issues were published as Party Builder up until 1 July 1965. It was published as an internal newspaper for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Australia.

## Digitisation

The paper has been partially digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program of the National Library of Australia.
# Nils-Olof Franzén

Nils-Olof Franzén (1916–1997) was a Swedish writer who wrote the Agaton Sax series. He was born 23 August 1916, in Oxelösund. He died on 24 February 1997, at age 81. Franzén was married and had three children. His literary estate is represented by ALIS.
He was director of programmes for Swedish Radio from 1956 to 1973, and also wrote a number of biographies.
The first of his Agaton Sax books, Agaton Sax klipper till, was published in 1955. According to a description inside Agaton Sax and the Criminal Doubles, Franzén originally wrote the stories for his son.

## The books

Source:
| Swedish title | Published | English title | Published |
| Agaton Sax klipper till | 1955 | Agaton Sax and the Big Rig (extended) | 1976 |
| Agaton Sax och den ljudlösa sprängämnesligan | 1956 | Agaton Sax and the League of Silent Exploders | 1974 |
| Agaton Sax och vita möss-mysteriet | 1957 | Agaton Sax and the Haunted House | 1975 |
| Agaton Sax och de slipade diamanttjuvarna | 1959 | Agaton Sax and the Diamond Thieves | 1965 |
| Agaton Sax och det gamla pipskägget | 1961 | Agaton Sax and the Scotland Yard Mystery | 1969 |
| Agaton Sax och Byköpings gästabud | 1963 | Agaton Sax and the Criminal Doubles | 1971 |
| Agaton Sax och bröderna Max | 1965 | Agaton Sax and the Max Brothers (a.k.a. Bank Robbers) | 1970 |
| Agaton Sax och den bortkomne mr Lispington | 1966 | Agaton Sax and the Colossus of Rhodes | 1972 |
| Agaton Sax och de okontanta miljardärerna | 1967 | Not published in the UK | |
| Agaton Sax och den svällande rotmos-affären | 1970 | Agaton Sax and the London Computer Plot | 1973 |
| Agaton Sax och den mörklagda ljusmaskinen | 1978 | Agaton Sax and Lispington's Grandfather Clock | 1978 |
# Baculentulus borealis

Baculentulus borealis is a species of proturan in the family Acerentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Spit Polish

Spit Polish is the second studio album by Tim Rogers, and the first to feature his backing band The Temperance Union. The album was released on 26 April 2004 as a digipack, and was later re-released in a standard jewel case. A vinyl LP was also pressed for sale at gigs. 'Fiction' was released as a radio single.

## Track listing

* "Some Fella's Heartbreaker" – 3:03
* "Fiction" – 3:09
* "Goldfields Blues" – 3:01
* "Stray Dog Bruise" – 3:39
* "Where the Wind Don't Blow" – 3:56
* "The Mess" – 5:37
* "Time & Distance" – 3:37
* "King of the Hill" – 3:15
* "I Only Understand Her in the Rain" – 4:00
* "Letter to Gene" – 3:39
* "Damn Songs" – 2:39
* "Fun (Part One)" – 4:32
All songs written by Tim Rogers.

## Personnel

* Tim Rogers – guitar, vocals
* Shane O'Mara – guitar
* Ian Kitney – drums, percussion
* Stuart Speed – bass guitar
* Lisa Miller – vocals on "Damn Songs"

## Charts

Chart performance for Spit Polish :
| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 52 |
# Mong Chau

Mong Chau (Chinese: 芒洲) was an island off South Kwai Chung, in the Rambler Channel, Hong Kong. The island was incorporated in the reclamation for the Chung Container Port (present-day Kwai Tsing Container Terminals). It was located between what is now Container Terminals 3 and 4.
Also known as Ballast Island, Mong Chau had a fort and customs station.
# Utetheisa disrupta

Utetheisa disrupta is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1887. It is found in the Philippines (Negros), on the Caroline Islands, Sumatra, the Natuna Islands, Sulawesi, the Moluccas, Irian Jaya, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and in Micronesia (Angal).

## Subspecies

* Utetheisa disrupta disrupta
* Utetheisa disrupta burica (Holland, 1900)
# Dariusz Adamczyk

Dariusz Adamczyk (born 1966 in Poland) is a Polish-German historian.
Adamczyk studied history, political science, sociology and social psychology at the University of Silesia in Katowice and Leibniz University Hannover, where he gained a PhD defending a thesis called Zur Stellung Polens im modernen Weltsystem der frühen Neuzeit ("On Poland's position in the modern world system of the early modern age"). Between 2000 and 2008, Adamczyk was a lecturer in Eastern European History at the History Department of Leibniz University Hannover, before holding a junior professorship in Eastern European History at the same institution until July 2010. Since September 2010, he has been a research fellow at the German Historical Institute Warsaw, where he is researching the Piast dynasty in the European context. He has also worked on the history of Eastern and East-Central Europe, relations between the Islamic world and Europe in the Middle Ages, and the history of trade and money. Since 2010, Adamczyk has been the editor of Hans-Heinrich Nolte's Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte ("World History Magazine").

## Selected publications

* Zur Stellung Polens im modernen Weltsystem der frühen Neuzeit ("On Poland's position in the modern world system of the Early Modern Age"), Verlag Dr. Kovac, Hamburg 2001 (originally Hannover University thesis, 1999). ISBN 3-8300-0375-7
* Silberströme und die Einbeziehung Osteuropas in das islamische Handelssystem, ("Stream of silver: Eastern Europe's involvement in the Islamic trading system") in Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer et al. (Hg.): Die Welt querdenken. Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2003, pp. 107–123. ISBN 3-6313-9374-1
* Friesen, Wikinger, Araber. Die Ostseewelt zwischen Dorestad und Samarkand, ca. 700-1100, ("Frisians, Vikings, Arabs: the Baltic world, from Dorestad to Samarkand, ca. 700-1100") in Andrea Komlosy, Hans-Heinrich Nolte, Imbi Sooman (Hg.): Ostsee 700-2000. Gesellschaft – Wirtschaft – Kultur. Promedia Verlag, Vienna 2007, pp. 32–48. ISBN 3-8537-1276-2
* (Editor and co-author) Quo vadis Asien? China, Indien, Russland, Mittlerer Osten und Zentralasien im globalen Kontext. ("Status quo for Asia? China, India, Russia, the Middle East and Central Asia in the global context"), Wochenschau Verlag, Schwalbach/Ts. 2009. ISBN 3-8997-4528-0
# Conley's fundamental theorem of dynamical systems

Conley's fundamental theorem of dynamical systems or Conley's decomposition theorem states that every flow of a dynamical system with compact phase portrait admits a decomposition into a chain-recurrent part and a gradient-like flow part. Due to the concise yet complete description of many dynamical systems, Conley's theorem is also known as the fundamental theorem of dynamical systems. Conley's fundamental theorem has been extended to systems with non-compact phase portraits and also to hybrid dynamical systems.

## Complete Lyapunov functions

Conley's decomposition is characterized by a function known as complete Lyapunov function. Unlike traditional Lyapunov functions that are used to assert the stability of an equilibrium point (or a fixed point) and can be defined only on the basin of attraction of the corresponding attractor, complete Lyapunov functions must be defined on the whole phase-portrait.
In the particular case of an autonomous differential equation defined on a compact set X, a complete Lyapunov function V from X to R is a real-valued function on X satisfying:
* V is non-increasing along all solutions of the differential equation, and
* V is constant on the isolated invariant sets.
Conley's theorem states that a continuous complete Lyapunov function exists for any differential equation on a compact metric space. Similar result hold for discrete-time dynamical systems.
# Leuven Database of Ancient Books

The Leuven Database of Ancient Books (LDAB) is a resource for all ancient written literary manuscripts, from 500 BC to AD 800. It currently lists more than 16.000 Greek, Latin, Coptic, Syriac and Demotic literary texts. It is said that it "attempts to collect the basic information on all ancient literary texts". It includes authors from Homer to Gregory the Great and more than 3.600 texts of unidentified authors.
It was founded in 1998 at the KU Leuven by Willy Clarysse.
# George Thomson

George Thomson may refer to:

## Government and politics

* George Thomson (MP for Southwark) (c. 1607–1691), English merchant and Parliamentarian soldier, official and politician
* George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth (1921–2008), Scottish politician; former Labour MP and peer
* George Thomson (Canadian politician) (1855–1920), Scottish-born merchant, official and political figure in British Columbia
* George Walker Thomson (1883–1949), Scottish trade unionist
* George Thomson, Lord Thomson (1893–1962), Scottish politician and judge

## Sports

* George Thomson (footballer, born 1854) (1854–1937), Wales international footballer
* George Thomson (rugby union, born 1856) (1856–1899), English rugby union footballer who played in the 1870s and 1880s
* George Thomson (rugby union, died 2005), Scottish rugby union player
* George C. Thomson (1888–1976), American football player, lawyer and banker
* George Thomson (footballer, born 1936) (1936–2007), Scottish footballer (Hearts, Everton, Brentford)
* George Thomson (footballer, fl. 1932–1946), Scottish footballer (Aberdeen)
* George Thomson (footballer, born 1992), English footballer

## Military

* George Pirie Thomson (1887–1965), British naval officer and press censor
* George Thomson (RAF officer) (1896–1918), Canadian World War I flying ace
* George Edwin Thomson (1897–1918), British World War I flying ace

## Other

* George Thomson (physician) (c. 1619–1676), English physician, medical writer and pamphleteer
* George Thomson (musician) (1757–1851), Scottish musician; collector of the music of Scotland
* George Thomson (shipbuilder) (1815–1866), Scottish engineer and shipbuilder
* George Thomson (botanist) (1819–1878), Scottish missionary and plant collector
* George Thomson (naturalist) (1848–1933), New Zealand scientist, educationalist, social worker and politician
* George Paget Thomson (1892–1975), English physicist and Nobel laureate
* George Derwent Thomson (1903–1987), English Marxist philosopher; Greek and Irish scholar
* George Malcolm Thomson (journalist) (1899–1996), Scottish journalist, author and nationalist
* George Thomson (rose breeder), Scottish-born Australian rose breeder
* George Sutherland Thomson (1871–1958) dairy expert
* George Ritchie Thomson (1865–1946), Scottish military surgeon and expert on tropical medicine
# Lenon

Lenon may refer to:
* Barnaby Lenon (born 1954), British schoolmaster
* Edmund Henry Lenon (1838–1893), British Army officer
* Paris Lenon (born 1977), American football player in the National Football League
* Trudi Lenon, Australian murderer
* Lenon (footballer, born 1990), Lenon Fernandes Ribeiro, Brazilian football defensive midfielder
* Lenon (footballer, born 1996), Lenon Farias de Souza Leite, Brazilian football forward
# Strathaven, Harare

Strathaven is a hilly suburb of Harare, Zimbabwe. Strathaven is an affluent north-west suburb, largely known for its retail and shopping amenities and is bounded to the west by the suburb of Sentosa, Monovale to the south and to the east and the north by Avondale and Avondale West.
Like much of the northwest, the streets feature tree-lined avenues, which give the area a distinctive, garden suburb feel.

## History

Strathaven was established in 1902 and named by Thomas Meikle of the prominent Scottish-Zimbabwean, Meikle family, after his hometown of Strathaven in Scotland. Thomas Meikle was one of the members of the infamous ‘Looting Committee’, created to steal Ndebele cattle, as punishment after the 1893 War of Dispossession or First Matabele War.
The majority of the cattle awarded to Meikle was used as capital for the Meikles business ventures which including the Meikles Hotel in Harare, Cape Grace in Cape Town and what was to become Strathaven. More than 350 000 cattle were looted by Meikle and his Looting Committee from the Ndebele people.

## Retail

There are several shopping centres and office parks in the area, especially along Suffolk Drive, which connects the suburb with the larger, Avondale. These include such as the Strathaven Shopping Centre, Amor Christian Trade Shopping Centre and the TM Supermarket head offices. Strathaven also has an emerging restaurant scene, with most restaurants and cafes amid the antique shops on Suffolk and Browing Drives. There is also an annual Spring festival on the opening weekend of September.
# Occimiano

Occimiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Alessandria.
Occimiano borders the following municipalities: Borgo San Martino, Casale Monferrato, Conzano, Giarole, Lu e Cuccaro Monferrato, Mirabello Monferrato, and Pomaro Monferrato.
# Spirit (Reckless Love album)

Spirit is the third album by Finnish glam metal band Reckless Love, released on 2 September 2013 through Spinefarm Records / Universal Music. The album peaked at No. 3 on Finland Albums Top 50 music chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Olli Herman, Pepe Reckless and Ikka Wirtanen except "Metal Ass", written by Olli Herman, Pepe Reckless, and Jalle Verne

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Hard Rock Haven | |
| Metal Talk | |
| Metal Temple | |
| Sputnik Music | |
The album received mixed reception from critics, who praised it for trying to bring the glam metal genre back to popularity, but criticized it for its poppish approach.

## Chart performance

| Chart | Peak position |
| Finnish Albums Chart | 3 |

## Personnel
### Reckless Love

* Olli Herman – lead vocals
* Pepe Reckless – lead guitar
* Hessu Maxx – drums
* Jalle Verne – bass guitar

### Production

* Produced by Ikka Wirtanen
* Mastered by Pauli Saastamoinen at Finnvox, Finland, 2013
# Tanub, Sudan

Tanub is a large village in Al Jazirah State, central Sudan. It is southwest of the city of Alhassahissa, south of Kafr ez Zayat, and west of the city of Wad Madani. The village has a large market. The dominant tribe is the Ahalha.
# Utetheisa distincta

Utetheisa distincta is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1903. It is found on Siau Island in the Sangihe Islands of Indonesia.
# Helicascus

Helicascus is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).
# Sitheri

Sitheri or Sitteri is a hill station in Harur taluk, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the Sitheri Hills, one of the segments of the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Sitheri is situated at an altitude of 1,097.3 metres (3,600 ft). The area comprises various vegetation types, such as the evergreen, semi-evergreen, riparian, dry deciduous bush, and southern thorn bush forests.
The minimum and maximum temperature is 19°C (66.2 °F) and 40°C (104 °F) in winter and summer, respectively. The average annual rainfall is 900 millimetres, attained from both northeast and southwest monsoons. Topographically, the area is undulating, with an altitude varying from 240 to 1,266 metres. The total area of Sitheri village is found to be 400 square kilometres, with a total population of 9,045 (4,656 male and 4,389 female) as of 2010.
# Pedro Acerden

Pedro Acerden is a Filipino zarzuela playwright who writes in the Waray language.
# Patrick Forbes

Patrick Forbes may refer to:
* Patrick Forbes (bishop of Aberdeen) (1564–1635), Scottish churchman
* Patrick William Forbes (1861–1918), army commander
* Patrick Forbes (bishop of Caithness) (1611–1680), Scottish bishop of Caithness
* P. J. Forbes (born 1967), baseball player
* Patrick Forbes (minister) (1776–1847), Scottish minister
# Lenola

Lenola may refer to:
* Lenola, Lazio - A town in Italy
* Lenola (band) - A rock band
* Moorestown-Lenola, New Jersey - A census-designated place near Philadelphia
# Stol, Babušnica

Stov is a village situated in Babušnica municipality in Serbia.
# Occidozyga semipalmata

Occidozyga semipalmata is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to western and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has been found in Gunung Lombobatang Natural Reserve, Lore Lindu National Park, and Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park.

## Description

Based on 51 specimens, adult Occidozyga tompotika measure between 22.8 and 40.9 mm (0.90 and 1.61 in) in snout–vent length. Tadpoles are not known. Occidozyga tompotika was formerly confused with it, before being described in 2011.

## Habitat and ecology

Its natural habitats are stony, highland streams in closed-canopy forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.