OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew Bisset (barrister)

Andrew Bisset (28 November 1801 in Montrose, Angus – 28 February 1891 Fortis Green, London), was a Scottish barrister and historical writer. His writing was an influence on Henry George, who cites Bisset’s Strength of Nations, in the notes to Progress and Poverty.

## Life

He graduated B.A. from Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1826. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1839.
He was a researcher for Richard Cobden, probably from the early 1840s, preparing a report in 1845 on agricultural districts. In the 1850s he worked for the Anti-Corn Law League; his father-in-law was T. P. Thompson, of the League. He had a commission to write on English history, particularly land law. His later writings moved into Parliamentary history.

## Works

* A Practical Treatise on the Law of Estates for Life (1842)
* Memoirs and papers of Sir Andrew Mitchell, K. B. (1850) editor
* On the Strength of Nations (1859)
* Omitted Chapters of the History of England from the death of Charles I to the battle of Dunbar (1864)
* History of the Commonwealth of England (1867), revised from Omitted Chapters
* Essays on Historical Truth (1871)
* The History of the Struggle for Parliamentary Government in England (1877)
* A Short History of the English Parliament (1883) 2 vols.
* Notes on the Anti-Corn Law Struggle (1884)
# Sparnberg

Sparnberg is a village in Thuringia, Germany. It was an independent municipality until 1994, when it became a district of the town Hirschberg. It is situated on the right bank of the river Saale, at 440 m above sea level. It has an area of about 333 hectares. Sparnberg counted about 160 residents in 2005.
From 1949 to 1990 the Saale formed the border between East (GDR) and West Germany (FRG) here, with Sparnberg on the GDR side.
# Casciana Alta

Casciana Alta is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Casciana Terme Lari, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 459 and the basoman is Marko Sefa.
Casciana Alta is about 37 km from Pisa and 5 km from Lari.
# Crocus bertiscensis

Crocus bertiscensis is a species of flowering plant growing from a corm, native to the northern Albanian Alps.
# Coat of arms of Ottawa

The coat of arms of Ottawa was presented to the municipality of Ottawa by Vincent Massey on 20 October 1954.

## History

Engraver John Henry Walker designed an original coat of arms for Bytown and later one for the City of Ottawa in the 1850s.
In 1954, the Duke of Norfolk, acting in his capacity as Earl Marshal, issued letters patent granting arms to the city of Ottawa. The city formally declared the use of the arms in force as of 1 January of the following year.
Upon amalgamation of the city of Ottawa with surrounding municipalities in 2001, the new City Council requested that the arms be reissued to the newly formed municipality. In March of that year, the Canadian Heraldic Authority issued a new grant of arms. The new arms are exactly the same as the old.

## Symbolism

Crest
    The white pine is the historical basis of the economic power of the Ottawa Valley, while the small badge on the tree refers to Bytown, the town that later became the city of Ottawa.
Shield
    The main element of the shield, the wavy blue and white lines, represent the Ottawa River running from left to right with the Rideau and Gatineau rivers represented above and below. A royal crown alludes to Queen Victoria's choice of Ottawa as Canada's capital, while the maple leaf is the national emblem of Canada. At the top of the shield, the arrows and paddle are representative of the first inhabitants of the region, while the astrolabe in the centre alludes to Samuel de Champlain who was first to discover Quebec, today known as part of Canada, and also explore the Ottawa river , and the remaining tools to John By, builder of the Rideau Canal.
Compartment
    Again referring to the history of the Ottawa Valley.
Supporters
    The timber trimmer again represents the historical economic strength of the Ottawa Valley, while the officer of the Civil Service Rifle Regiment alludes to Ottawa's place as the centre of government—the civil service—of Canada.
Motto
    Adapted from the motto of the pre-amalgamation city of Ottawa, "City of Ottawa Advance"
# Journal of Research in Reading

Journal of Research in Reading is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the UKLA. The journal was established in 1978. The Journal of Research in Reading publishes papers on topics such as the history and development of literacy, policy and strategy for literacy, and the learning, teaching and use of literacy in different contexts. This research encompasses fields such as anthropology, cultural studies, education, language and linguistics and philosophy among others.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 1.25, ranking it 23rd out of 51 journals in the category "Psychology Educational" and 38th out of 206 in the category "Education & Educational Research".
# Flag of the Austral Islands

The Flag of the Austral Islands is the flag representing the Austral Islands, a constituent of French Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean administered by France.

## Description

The flag has a ratio of 2:3 and is divided into three vertical stripes: red, white and red, with the proportions 1:3:1. In the white central stripe is a blue emblem surrounded by five stars representing the five high islands that constitute the Austral Islands: Rūrutu, Tubua'i, Rimatara, Ra'ivāvae and Rapa. The central emblem represents a penu, a traditional carved rock or coral tool common across the archipelago which is used to crush food, similar to a pestle. The red stripes symbolize French Polynesia, of which the archipelago is a part of, and blue symbolizes the sea. The colors are prescribed as red Pantone 185c and blue Pantone 286c.
On 4 December 1985, the Territorial Government decreed that the flag of the archipelagos and islands of French Polynesia may be flown next to the French Polynesian Territorial flag and the French National flag.

### Historical flag

The former flag of the Austral Islands has a white vertical stripe placed along the hoist, covering 1/3 of the flag length and containing the writing ARCHIPEL / DES / ILES / AUSTRALES ("Archipelago of the Austral Islands"). The remaining 2/3 is horizontally divided into five bands with the colors yellow, red, white, green and blue.
# Spey Bay railway station

Spey Bay railway station was a railway station in Spey Bay, Moray. The railway station was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNoSR) on its Moray Firth coast line in 1886, served by Aberdeen to Elgin trains. The station was originally named Fochabers-on-Spey railway station on 1 May 1886. In November 1893 it became Fochabers railway station, Fochabers and Spey Bay railway station on 1 January 1916 before finally becoming on 1 January 1918 Spey Bay railway station. It closed to regular passenger traffic on 6 May 1968 on the same date as the line itself.
In 1923 the GNoSR became part of the London and North Eastern Railway and at nationalisation in 1948 became part of British Railways. The line was recommended for closure by Dr Beeching's report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed on 6 May 1968.

## History
### Background

In 1881 the Great North of Scotland Railway put a bill to parliament to extend its Portsoy line along the Moray Firth as far as Buckie. In 1882 the Great North of Scotland applied for permission to build a 25+1⁄4-mile (40.6 km) line from Portsoy following the coast to Buckie and then running on to Elgin.

### Great North of Scotland Railway

The GNoSR station opened as Fochabers-on-Spey on 1 May 1886 and to goods on 5 May 1886 with the central section of the coast line, served by through Aberdeen to Elgin trains. In the 1923 Grouping, the Great North of Scotland Railway was absorbed by the London and North Eastern Railway. This company was nationalised in 1948, and services were then provided by British Railways. The station and line was recommended for closure by Dr Beeching in his report "The Reshaping of British Railways" and closed on 6 May 1968.

## Services

The GNoSR station was served by through trains a day between Aberdeen to Elgin. There were no Sunday services.

## The station infrastructure

Spey Bay station had two platforms on a passing loop with a typical wooden station building on the 'Up' line and two wooden signal boxes, one of which has been moved to the Keith and Dufftown Railway. A London and North Eastern Railway style passenger footbridge was present. The 1903 OS map shows a small goods shed and three sidings. The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1935 to 1939 and possibly one for some of 1934. A 1959 photograph shows a significant number of waggons in the station's sidings, possibly being stored there.
The line was predominantly single track apart from a double track section between Buckie and Portessie. Track lifting took place shortly after closure in 1968. The station site is now a private dwelling with landscaped grounds.
The imposing Spey Viaduct stands on the line between Spey Bay railway station and Garmouth railway station, today (2015) it is only used by walkers taking the Speyside Way route that runs to Buckpool old harbour from Aviemore.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Garmouth | | Great North of Scotland | | Portgordon |
# Flight of the Ibis

Flight of the Ibis, originally released as Men of Grey II:Flight of the Ibis and then released in the US as Crackdown, is a 1996 Trinidad and Tobago film. It was the second full action feature film shot in Trinidad, preceded only by Men of Grey, a low-budget feature that introduced the characters of this film.

## Summary

Police hero Joe Cameron and his family begin to get threatened from an unknown source. As evidence begins to stack up against Joe for murder and corruption, he descends into the Caribbean drug underworld to clear his name. As he goes further and further he finds at the source of his trouble his nemesis, a drug criminal he arrested years before.
# Flight of the Hawk

Flight of the Hawk is the eighteenth novel in World of Adventure series by Gary Paulsen. It was published on April 6, 1998 by Random House.

## Plot

The story is about Andy who is sent to live with his mysterious grandfather Hawkes after his parents' deaths. Andy soon finds out his grandfather isn't what he seems, but instead is an inventor, and discovers that his parents' deaths may not have been an accident. When Grandfather Hawkes's life is threatened, Andy decides he's not going to lose another person he loves. So using his grandfather's inventions, Andy becomes The Hawk.
# Special Agent (album)

Special Agent is a folk album by Martin Simpson released in 1981.
Produced by Ric Sanders and Martin Simpson, recorded at Moor Green Studios, Rock, Wyre Forest. Originally issued by Waterfront in the UK, catalogue number WF 008.
Typically of an early Simpson album, it embraces both contemporary and traditional pieces and includes a Randy Newman song.

## Track listing

* "Special Agent" (Sleepy John Estes)
* "Desperados Waiting for a Train" (Guy Clark)
* Guitar Medley: "The Frost is All Over / The Redheaded Boil" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* "Roustabout" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* "Jamaica Farewell" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* Banjo Medley: "Barlow Knife / Shoot The Turkey Buzzard / Denis Murphy's Polka" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* "Joshua Gone Barbados" (Eric Von Schmidt)
* "McCrimmon's Lament" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* "Broke Down Engine" (words Traditional; arranged Simpson /music Simpson)
* "The Demon Lover" (Traditional; arranged Simpson)
* "You Win Again" (Hank Williams)
* "I Think It's Going to Rain Today" (Randy Newman)

## Personnel

* Martin Simpson - vocals, acoustic and electric guitar, dobro, banjo
* Dave Bristow - piano
* Andy Cronshaw - hammer dulcimer
* Jonathan Davie - electric bass guitars
* Michael Gregory - drums, percussion
* Louisa Livingstone - vocals
* Rob Mason - harmonica
* Ric Sanders - violin
# Spirembolus pusillus

Spirembolus pusillus is a species of sheet weaver found in the United States. It was described by Millidge in 1980.
# Flindersia schottiana

Flindersia schottiana, commonly known as bumpy ash, cudgerie or silver ash, is a species of rainforest tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with mostly ten to sixteen leaflets, panicles of white flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

## Description

Flindersia schottiana is a tree that typically grows to a height of 36 m (118 ft). Its leaves are pinnate, arranged in opposite pairs, 190–400 mm (7.5–15.7 in) long with mostly ten to sixteen narrow egg-shaped to narrow elliptical leaflets that are 70–160 mm (2.8–6.3 in) long and 15–45 mm (0.59–1.77 in) wide. The side leaflets are more or less sessile, the end leaflet on a petiolule 11–27 mm (0.43–1.06 in) long. The flowers are arranged in panicles 200–270 mm (7.9–10.6 in) long and have five sepals 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long and five white petals 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long. Flowering occurs from August to December and the fruit is a woody capsule 80–130 mm (3.1–5.1 in) long, studded on the surface with rough points and separating at maturity into five valves to release winged seeds 50–60 mm (2.0–2.4 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Flindersia schottiana was first formally described in 1862 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected near the Hastings River in New South Wales. The specific epithet (schottiana) honours Mueller's friend Heinrich Wilhelm Schott.

## Distribution and habitat

Bumpy ash grows in rainforest from sea level to an altitude of 800 m (2,600 ft) and occurs in New Guinea and from the Claudie River in the Kutini-Payamu National Park in far north Queensland to the Hastings River in New South Wales.

## Conservation status

Flindersia schottiana is classified as of "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.
# Negro Head Corner, Arkansas

Negro Head Corner is an unincorporated community in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States, located about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Augusta.
The area is named for an oak sculpture of a Black man's head that was once displayed at the corner of a farm near the crossroads. It was carved by Wade Antney, who farmed the land first as an enslaved person and then later as the owner. It has been theorized that the sculpture represented Legba, the loa of crossroads in Haitian Vodou. However, due to the presence of Bakongo-based Hoodoo in Arkansas, it is more plausible that the sculpture was a face nkisi, which many Black Americans in the South use for protection, healing and the connection of the physical world to the spiritual world, where the ancestors are said to reside. In American conjure tradition, these figures and charms are often placed in the corner of a house or property, which represents the Kalûnga line and Kongo cross.
# Spiripockia

Spiripockia is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial troglobiont gastropod molluscs in the family Cochliopidae.

## Species

Spiripockia currently includes two species:
* Spiripockia punctata Simone, 2012
* Spiripockia umbraticola Simone & Salvador, 2021

## Ecology

Snails in the genus Spiripockia are troglobiont, which means they are small cave-dwelling animals that are adapted to dark environments.
# Spiris bipunctata

Spiris bipunctata is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Otto Staudinger in 1892. It is found in Russia (western Sayan Mountains, southern Krasnoyarskii Krai, Tuva, Transbaikalia, Middle Amur), central and eastern Mongolia and China (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shanxi, Heilongjiang).
# Nemanja Vuković

Nemanja Vuković (Cyrillic: Немања Вуковић; born 13 April 1984) is a Montenegrin football coach and former player.

## Career

Vuković started his career in Montenegro with FK Kom in 2003. In 2005, he signed with Budućnost Podgorica in Montenegro. In 2009, he moved to Greek Beta Ethniki side Panetolikos. In summer 2011, he returned to Montenegro with OFK Grbalj.
In March 2012, Vuković signed with Columbus Crew of Major League Soccer. He was released at the end of the 2012 season.
Vuković returned to Montenegro in early 2013 with Mladost Podgorica. He was released in July 2013. In July 2013 he signed a two-year contract with Ukrainian side Hoverla Uzhhorod.
In 2014, Vuković signed with expansion club Sacramento Republic FC of the USL Pro. He started 33 games as the new club won the 2014 USL Pro championship.
Vuković transferred to North American Soccer League side Indy Eleven on 19 January 2016.
In April 2018, Vukovic joined Tulsa Roughnecks FC in the United Soccer League.
# Spartanburg County Foundation

Spartanburg County Foundation is a 501(c)3 public charity based in Spartanburg County, South Carolina.

## Background

Spartanburg County Foundation was established in 1943 it is the oldest and second largest community foundation in South Carolina. Since inception the endowment funds it manages and the fundraising efforts it has guided have resulted in the distribution of imore than $120 million to nonprofit organizations. Since 1998, Spartanburg County Foundation has tripled its assets.

## Community leadership

Mary Thomas, the COO of the Spartanburg County Foundation, has been honored nationally for her work. In particular, her leadership of the Spartanburg Community Indicators Project (an effort to address issues of obesity, crime, and teen pregnancy prevention) has guided Spartanburg to pay attention to, and address, these local needs. Her efforts at encouraging grassroots leadership have earned her praise from The Council on Foundations.
# Flag of Paraná (state)

The flag of Paraná, Brazil, was adopted on 9 January 1892. It went through changes in March 1947, and again in September, 1990.
The current flag took its form on 31 March 1947. It is composed of a green quadrilateral, crossed from the upper left angle to the lower right by a large white stripe, which symbolizes the Tropic of Capricorn (which passes through northern Paraná), bearing a blue circle with the five stars of the Southern Cross (Crux) in lower course. The Cross is depicted with south at the top, as it appears in the night sky.
The circle is crossed, below the "Star of Magellan" (Estrela de Magalhães), by a thin stripe that suggests a horizon, featuring the word "PARANÁ" in green, lightened by the only visible star of that constellation. The sphere is surrounded by a branch of Paraná Pine tree — one of the most widespread symbols of the state — on the right, and by a branch of Yerba mate on the left.

## Gallery

* 1892-1905
* 1905-1923
* 1990-2002
* Flag of Military Police of Paraná State
* Flag of the Governorate of Paraná, mainly used on military bases
# Sporobolus foliosus

Sporobolus foliosus is a species of grass known by the common name California cordgrass. It was reclassified from Spartina foliosa after a taxonomic revision in 2014. It is native to the salt marshes and mudflats of coastal California and Baja California, especially San Francisco Bay. It is a perennial grass growing from short rhizomes. It produces single stems or clumps of thick, fleshy stems that grow up to 1.5 meters tall. They are green or purple-tinged. The long, narrow leaves are flat or rolled inward. The inflorescence is a narrow, dense, spike-like stick of branches appressed together, the unit reaching up to 25 centimeters long. The lower spikelets are sometimes enclosed in the basal sheaths of upper leaves.
This native plant is seriously threatened by the invasion of its North American Atlantic coast relative smooth cordgrass (Sporobolus alterniflorus), which is not native to the Pacific coast. S. alterniflorus was introduced to San Francisco Bay in the 1970s and it quickly began to hybridize with S. foliosus. Hybrids generally outcompete the native plant and spread rapidly, threatening S. foliosus with localized extirpation. The two species reproduce at the same time of year, and the invader sheds large amounts of pollen that fertilize the flowers of the native, so that the majority of an affected native plant's offspring are hybrids. This is an example of genetic pollution. S. alterniflorus × foliosus hybrids have spread rapidly because they are much more genetically fit than either parental species, an example of hybrid vigor. However, S. foliosus is still the dominant plant at lower tidal elevations in most salt marshes around San Francisco Bay, and numerous locations within the Bay have remained uninfested during ongoing efforts to eradicate S. alterniflorus and hybrids. Restoration of tidal marsh habitat is in progress at multiple sites, including the planting of cultivated S. foliosus harvested from uninfested locations and propagated in a nursery.
# Sporobolus flexuosus

Sporobolus flexuosus is a species of grass known by the common name mesa dropseed. It is native to western North America, where it can be found in the deserts and woodlands of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico.
This bunchgrass forms a tuft of stems growing up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) long, erect to decumbent in form. It is a perennial grass but it is short-lived and is sometimes an annual. The leaves are up to 26 centimetres (10 in) long and rough-haired along the margins. The inflorescence is an open panicle of spreading branches bearing grayish spikelets.
# Flaithnia mac Flainn

Flaithnia mac Flainn (died 755) was a king of the Uí Failge, a Laigin people of County Offaly. He was one of the many sons of Fland Dá Chongal, a previous king. He ruled from 741 to 755.
His predecessor and half-brother Ailill Corrach mac Flainn was killed in 741 but the circumstances are not given. Nothing is recorded of Flaithnia in the annals other than his death obit.
His son Domnall mac Flaíthnia (died 783) was a king of the Uí Failge.
# Nenad Jovanovic

Nenad Jovanovic (born 9 November 1979) is a Serbian-Austrian footballer.
# Sproton Layer

Sproton Layer was an American rock and roll group formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the late 1960s. Their music was mostly hard rock with psychedelic touches.
It was composed of bass guitarist, singer and primary songwriter Roger Miller and his younger brothers Benjamin (Ben) Miller on guitar and Laurence B. (Larry) Miller on drums. Trumpeter Harold Kirchen (brother of guitarist Bill Kirchen, a longtime member of Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen) later joined the group.
Sproton Layer found local success, but earned wider attention when its personnel went on to greater success with other musical groups: Laurence and Benjamin were both members of Destroy All Monsters, and Roger had numerous musical projects, notably art-punk group Mission of Burma and silent film accompanying group Alloy Orchestra.
Sproton Layer recorded an album's worth of material shortly before breaking up in 1970; it went unreleased until 1992 when New Alliance records issued a single of "Lost Behind Words" and a full-length album, With Magnetic Fields Disrupted. The album was reissued by the German label World in Sound to much greater notice in 2011. Journalist Michael Azerrad described the recordings as a valuable document of "an amazing band that sounded like Syd Barrett fronting Cream."
The Miller brothers would later occasionally record under the name M3.
Roger and Benjamin Miller continue to records and perform under the name M2.
Sproton Layer is scheduled to perform again on June 14, 2013, at the Blind Pig in Ann Arbor.

## Discography

* 1991 - "Lost Behind Words", New Alliance Records
* 1992 - With Magnetic Fields Disrupted, New Alliance Records
* 2011 - With Magnetic Fields Disrupted, World in Sound Records