OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Krukenberg procedure

The Krukenberg procedure, also known as the Krukenberg operation, is a surgical technique that converts a forearm stump into a pincer. It was first described in 1917 by the German army surgeon Hermann Krukenberg. It remains in use today for certain special cases but is considered controversial and some surgeons refuse to perform it.

## Procedure

The procedure involves separating the ulna and radius for below-elbow amputations, and in cases of congenital absence of the hand, to provide a pincerlike grasp that is motored by the pronator teres muscle. The prerequisites for the operation are a stump over 10 cm long from the tip of the olecranon, no elbow contracture, and good psychological preparation and acceptance.
The success of the Krukenberg procedure depends directly on the strength of the pronator teres, the sensibility of the skin surrounding both ulna and radius, elbow mobility, and mobility of the ulna and radius at the proximal radioulnar joint. Individual patient expectations and motivations, although more difficult to assess, probably play a major role in outcomes as well.

## Advantages

In modern times, the procedure is mostly performed on patients in developing countries who lack the means to obtain expensive prostheses. It has been extensively used in the context of deliberate amputations as seen in the atrocities of the Sierra Leone civil war. In the Western world, the Krukenberg procedure is usually reserved for blind patients with bilateral amputations, because it can provide the patient with tactile sensation.
While the Krukenberg procedure's poor cosmesis makes it very rare, it does preserve proprioception and stereognosis in the functional stump and so allows for effective maneuvering. Once this procedure is performed, it does not preclude the use of a functional prosthesis giving the patient the option to use either functional strategy.
While the operation is rarely performed in the modern age, patients can prefer it to sophisticated prosthetics, as in one case study of a Dutch woman, reported in 2002.
   Initially after traumatic bilateral forearm amputation [the patient] was provided with mechanical prostheses. Eventually she stopped using them because she chose to use her bare stumps as pincers. She explained that being able to feel helped her a lot in her tasks... an excellent functional result was obtained, from both the surgical and the rehabilitation point of view. The patient lives with her family, takes care of the household, and does art and crafts, which she is currently selling, and is very happy with the procedure. A year and a half has gone by and she is still gaining dexterity and strength.
   The patient in question also requested the procedure be completed on her other arm.

## Notable patient

The German physicist Burkhard Heim had two Krukenberg hands as a result of a laboratory accident.
# Arcobaleno

Arcobaleno means rainbow in Italian. Specifically it may refer to:
* Arcobaleno Records, a record label based in the UK and founded in 2005 by Serge Santiágo
* Arcobaleno (film) [it], a 1943 Italian film
* Arcobaleno selvaggio, a 1984 Italian film
* Arcobaleno Valle d'Aosta, a coalition of political parties active in Italy's Aosta Valley
* Arcobaleno (Reborn), a group of characters of the Reborn! anime and manga series
* Arcobaleno (tariff), a public transport fare tariff used in the Swiss canton of Ticino
* Linea arcobaleno, a railway line that forms part of the Naples Metro
# Koser

Koser may refer to:
* Anja Koser (born 1970), German handball and football player
* Fatma Koşer Kaya (born 1968), Dutch lawyer and politician of Turkish origin
* Ralf Koser (born 1973), German judoka
* several Yugoslavian sailplanes designed by Jaroslav Koser:
** Koser-Hrovat KB-1 Triglav
** Koser KB-3 Jadran
* Koserbach (other name Koser), a river of Bavaria, Germany, tributary of the Schorgast
** Großer Koserbach, uppercourse name of the Koserbach
** Kleiner Koserbach, tributary of the Koserbach
# Hughie Thomasson

Hugh Edward "Hughie" Thomasson Jr. (August 13, 1952 – September 9, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer, best known as a founding member of Outlaws. The band found success in the late 1970s and early 1980s with a string of hits. He was also a replacement guitarist for Lynyrd Skynyrd.

## Biography

Thomasson wrote many of the songs for the Outlaws, including most of their more popular songs like "Hurry Sundown", "There Goes Another Love Song," and "Green Grass and High Tides". After Outlaws disbanded, Thomasson joined Lynyrd Skynyrd, first appearing on their 1997 album Twenty, leaving that band in 2005 to reform Outlaws. Before his death, he contributed to writing of many of Lynyrd Skynyrd's songs on their 2009 album God & Guns, including the single "Still Unbroken."
Thomasson died in his sleep on September 9, 2007, of a heart attack in his home in Brooksville, Florida. He was 55 years old.
# Craponius

Craponius is a genus of minute seed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are at least three described species in Craponius.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Craponius:
* Craponius bigibbosus Hustache, 1916$^c$
* Craponius epilobii Seidlitz, 1891$^c$
* Craponius inaequalis (Say, 1831)$^{ib}$ (grape curculio)
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# SpartanVision

SpartanVision is the in-house broadcasting department of Michigan State University (MSU) and its Athletic Communications Department that operates the large video screens located at the Breslin Center, Munn Ice Arena, and Spartan Stadium. SpartanVision also produces the Spartan Sports Zone, now called Spartan All-Access, a television show hosted by MSU personality Dave Ellis that airs on The Big Ten Network and FSN.
SpartanVision has three full-time producers and hires student employees to help. The staff also helps with the msuspartans.com daily show and provides material to visiting networks.
# Kew (personal name)

Kew is primarily known as the London district which contains Kew Gardens, but it can also be a surname and a given name. People with this name include:

## Surname

* Alex Kew (born 1986), English actor, musician, and singer-songwriter
* Gordon Kew (1930–2018), English football referee
* Harry Wallis Kew (1868–1948), English amateur zoologist
* Henry Ah Kew (1900–1966), New Zealand lawyer and community leader
* Kew Siang Tong (born ?), Malaysian gastroenterologist, academic administrator, and health bureaucrat

## Given name

* Kew Jaliens (born 1978), Dutch footballer
* Kew Nordqvist (born 1950), Swedish politician
* Kim Seung-kew (born 1944), South Korean politician, lawyer, and jurist
* Lai Kew Chai (1941–2006), Malaysia-born Singaporean supreme court judge
* Tan Yee Kew (born 1953), Malaysian politician
* Teh Kew San (born 1934), Malaysian badminton player
* Wat Ngong (also known as Kew-a-gong, Kew-Agang, or Kew A-gang; 1785–1867), Chinese Protestant convert, evangelist, writer, and lithographer
* Wong Kew-Lit (born 1971), Malaysian film director and producer
# Stocking Island

Stocking Island is a small, long, narrow island off the port of George Town, Great Exuma Island, The Bahamas. The island features beaches and several resorts.

## Location and geography

Stocking Island is lightly inhabited, with a population of only 10. It is located 1 mile (1.6 km) from Government Dock, George Town, across the harbor. The long narrow island protects George Town from ocean waves, creating a natural harbor. There is one high hill, known locally as the Beacon, which is capped with an old, unused gas beacon. The glass top portion is missing, but the concrete pillar is visible for miles. The central part of Stocking Island features an inlet known as Hurricane Hole where sailboats anchor for protection during storms, and which features a blue hole. Opposite Hurricane Hole is a sandbar beach called the Spit where a Bahamian business has built a popular bar/restaurant accessible only by boat known as Chat and Chill.
Nearby islands include Lilly Cay, Elizabeth Island, Guana Cay, and Fowl Cay.
# Last of the Great Blues Singers

Last of the Great Blues Singers, also released as Vol. 1 Blues / Folk Series, The Blues and Blues Train, is a 12-inch LP album by blues musician Lightnin' Hopkins featuring tracks recorded between 1951 and 1953 that were originally released as 10-inch 78rpm records on Bob Shad's Sittin' in With label. The album was one of the earlier collections of Lightnin' Hopkins material to be released. In 2004 a CD collection, Hello Central: The Best of Lightnin' Hopkins, was released by Legacy Recordings containing all of the recordings Hopkins made for the Sittin' in With label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic reviewer Bill Dahl stated: "Classic sides from Hopkins' 1950–1951 stint with Bobby Shad's Sittin' in With logo ... include two of his biggest hits, "Hello Central" and "Coffee Blues.".

## Track listing

All compositions by Sam "Lightnin'" Hopkins
* "Hello Central" – 2:55
* "Coffee Blues" – 2:40
* "Long Way from Texas" – 2:57
* "Mad As I Can Be" – 3:07
* "New Short-Haired Woman" – 2:55
* "Gotta Move" – 2:45
* "Everybody's Down On Me" – 2:57
* "Freight Train" – 2:49
* "Prayin' Ground Blues" – 2:55
* "Don't Think I'm Crazy" – 2:45
* "Dirty House Blues" – 2:55
* "Everything Happens to Me" – 2:42

## Personnel

* Lightnin' Hopkins – guitar, vocals
* Donald Cooks – bass (tracks 5, 7, 8 & 11)
# Playlist: The Very Best of Basia

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Playlist: The Very Best of Basia is a greatest hits compilation album by Polish-born singer Basia. It was released by Epic Records on 15 October 2013 as part of Sony's environmentally friendly Playlist compilation series. The CD compiles all of her chart hits from the 1980s and 1990s. Of the 14 tracks offered, the first comes from her days with the band Matt Bianco and the album Whose Side Are You On? (1984). This is followed by five songs from her debut album, Time and Tide (1987), four from her second album, London Warsaw New York (1990), and three from her third solo album, The Sweetest Illusion (1994). The final track is from an earlier compilation album, Clear Horizon – The Best of Basia (1998).
# Munich (sport shoes)

Munich (Catalan:, Spanish:) is a Spanish company and brand specialized in sport and fashion shoes. The company headquarters are located in Capellades, province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Munich produces more than 850.000 pairs of shoes per year, 46% of sports type, and 54% of fashion type. The company has reached a privileged position in the field of fashion, growing in many European and Asian countries, mainly Japan. The X symbol is what makes its shoes special and identifiable.

## History

The company was founded by Luís Berneda in year 1939 at the city of Sant Boi de Llobregat, with the initial company name Berneda, manufacturer of shoes for rugby football, futsal, handball and boxing, among other sports.
In 1953 the brothers Javier and Francisco, second generation of the family, entered the track and field athletics market, and were the pioneers in sports shoe making in Spain. In 1964 they added the characteristic "X" symbol and changed the company and brand name from "Berneda" to "Munich". The production remained Spanish, with design and technology influences from Italy and Germany. The brand became popular and its shoes were used by soccer players such as Ladislao Kubala and Hugo Sotil.
In year 1999 Xavier Berneda, marketing manager of the company, and his brother David, financial manager, both of them grandsons of the company founder, convinced the father and uncle to diversify the company and enter the field of street shoes and fashion. The Asian production, specially from China, was already a fierce competitor. Thanks to this initiative, Xavier Berneda won in year 2008 the Spanish award "Young Entrepreneur". Xavier has changed the company, entering the streetwear fashion market, keeping the company design and quality standards but opening it to new markets. Around half of the production is sold to fashion victims ready to spend from 120 to 300 euros in a pair of sports shoes. The Munich shoes are used by well known people such as John Elkann, vice-president of Fiat, Àngel Llàcer, Jesús Vázquez, Rafael Amargo, Boris Izaguirre and Manuel Fuentes.
One of the most innovative activities of the company was the website Munich My Way, launched in 2009, but meanwhile discontinued in 2022. On that site everybody was welcomed to personalize and design a pair of shoes combining many possible colors and textures, resulting in up to 333 million different combinations. The user could select the color of any of the main 9 parts of a shoe, including the sole, flap, heel and cords. When Munich received the order, the factory produced those shoes, and delivered it within 2 weeks. Munich My Way also offered the possibility of buying a different size of the right shoe compared to the left one. This is specially useful for soccer and futsal players who often require a bigger size for the shoe used to shoot.

## Awards

* E-COMM Award 2010, category "Sportive equipment"
# The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian

The Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian was a weekly English language newspaper, supportive of conservative politics, which circulated throughout Glamorganshire, Monmouthshire and Breconshire. The newspaper's main content included local news. The paper began life as the Glamorgan, Monmouth and Brecon Gazette and Merthyr Guardian (1832 - 1841) and continued as the Cardiff and Merthyr Guardian until 1874 when it was incorporated into the South Wales Weekly Telegram.
# Crapo, Maryland

Crapo is an unincorporated community in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Crapo is located along Lakesville-Crapo Road on the east bank of the Honga River in the southern part of the county. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. The name Crapo comes from "crapaud", which is the French word for toad.
# Nemanja Kojić

Nemanja Kojić may refer to:
* Nemanja Kojić (footballer) (born 1990), Serbian footballer who plays as a striker
* Nemanja Kojić (musician) (born 1975), Serbian musician better known by his stage name Hornsman Coyote (or Kojot)
* Nemanja Kojić (runner) (born 1994), Serbian middle-distance track athlete who specializes in the 800 metres
# Khlong Ngae railway station

Khlong Ngae railway station is a railway station located in Phang La Subdistrict, Sadao District, Songkhla. It is a class 3 railway station and is located 952.648 km (591.9 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.
# Stocking Abbey

Stocking Abbey was an abbey in the village of Oldstead, North Yorkshire, England.
The abbey at Stocking was built in 1147, originally for Savigniac monks, but soon became Cistercian. It was meant to be a temporary establishment as no suitable site for a permanent settlement had been found yet. The monks that worshipped at Stocking moved to Byland Abbey 30 years later in 1177.
Excavations and archaeological investigations have offered evidence that the cloister and small stone church may have existed on the site of Oldstead Hall, though the proof is not conclusive.
# Sopanen

Sopanen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Elias Sopanen (1863–1926), Finnish judge, farmer and politician
* Vili Sopanen (born 1987), Finnish professional ice hockey player
* Iiro Sopanen (born 1989), Finnish professional ice hockey forward
* Eetu Sopanen (born 1996), Finnish ice hockey defenceman
* Teija Sopanen, Finnish beauty queen
# Jan Preisler

Jan Preisler (17 February 1872, in Králův Dvůr – 27 April 1918, in Prague) was a Czech painter and art professor.

## Life

Jan Preisler’s family worked in the local iron foundry and he attended the nearby primary schools. From an early age, he was considered to be a loner who preferred walks in the woods to playing with friends. His drawings attracted the attention of his headmaster and his parents soon received letters inviting them to send him for studies in Prague, with financial support. In 1887, at the age of fifteen, he began his studies at the School of Applied Arts, where he initially worked under František Ženíšek, but was later allowed to pursue his studies independently.
After graduating, he shared a studio with Karel Špillar. During his time at the school, he had made contact with the Mánes Union of Fine Arts and became involved in its journalistic activities. In 1896, he provided the cover for the first issue of the association's magazine Volné Směry (roughly, Free Directions) and served as its editor for several years.
He travelled to Italy in 1902, helped design the posters for the Edvard Munch exhibition of 1905 in Prague and visited Paris in 1906, where he was influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin. In 1903, he became a teacher of nude drawing at the Academy of Fine Arts and served as a Professor there from 1913 until his death.
In 1914, he married Božena Pallas, from a local family involved in the production of handicrafts. They had two children. He died of pneumonia in 1918 and was interred in the family vault.

## Work

Preisler originally painted in a Neo-Romantic style, but later came to prefer the allegorical approach of symbolism. In the late 1890s, under the influence of Alfons Mucha and Vojtěch Preissig, he experimented with Art Nouveau. After the turn of the century, he attempted to express the ineffable and mysterious depths of the soul, filled with melancholy and desire, finding his inspiration in poetry. In addition to his canvases, he provided decorations for several buildings, including the Municipal House and the Hotel Central.
# Ardisia jefeana

Ardisia jefeana is a species of plant in the family Primulaceae. It is endemic to Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Sheriff of Skye

The Sheriff of Skye was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Skye, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. The sheriffdom was created in 1293 by King John of Scotland in an effort to maintain peace in the western reaches of his realm.

## Sheriffs of Skye

* William II, Earl of Ross 1293-??

## Citations and References
### Citations

* ↑ Cochran-Yu (2015) pp. 49–50; Brown, M (2011) p. 15; Stell, GP (2005); Brown, M (2004) p. 258.

### Reference

* Brown, M (2004). The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland (series vol. 4). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0748612386 – via Google Books.
* Brown, M (2011). "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96". Scottish Historical Review. 90 (1): 1–26. doi:10.3366/shr.2011.0002. eISSN 1750-0222. ISSN 0036-9241.
* Cochran-Yu, DK (2015). A Keystone of Contention: The Earldom of Ross, 1215–1517 (PhD thesis). University of Glasgow – via Glasgow Theses Service.
* Stell, GP (October 2005). "John [John de Balliol] (c. 1248x50–1314)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1209. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
# Björn Jacob

Björn Jacob (born 3 December 1974) is a German former professional tennis player.
Jacob, a French Open junior quarter-finalist, competed on the professional tour in the 1990s and had a career high singles ranking of 416 in the world. He featured in qualifying draws for the Australian Open and US Open. His only ATP Challenger title came in doubles, at Nettingsdorf in 1997. He is a former personal coach of Julia Görges.

## ATP Challenger titles
### Doubles: (1)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| 1. | Aug 1997 | Nettingsdorf Challenger | Clay | Michael Kohlmann | Thomas Buchmayer Thomas Strengberger | 6–2, 3–6, 6–3 |
# There Was a Time

"There Was a Time" is a song written and performed by James Brown.

## Release history

"There Was a Time" was recorded in June 1967 during a live performance at the Apollo Theater in a medley with "Let Yourself Go" and "I Feel All Right", and was first released November 1967 in edited form as the B-side of the single "I Can't Stand Myself (When You Touch Me)". The song charted #3 R&B — higher than the A-side — and #36 Pop. This edit of the song also appeared on the 1968 album I Can't Stand Myself When You Touch Me. A 14-minute-long edit of the Apollo medley was issued on Brown's 1968 album Live at the Apollo, Volume II. Though it was nominally only one song in the medley, "There Was a Time" became the colloquial name for the entire sequence. The complete medley was finally issued on the Deluxe Edition of Live at the Apollo, Volume II, released in 2001. The medley was also edited into two tracks which began the B-side of the 1969 King album It's a Mother retitled "The Little Groove Maker Me."

## Chart performance

| Chart (1967-68) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 36 |
| US Best Selling R&B Singles (Billboard) | 3 |

## Other recordings

Brown made additional recordings of "There Was a Time" with the acoustic jazz combo the Dee Felice Trio for his 1969 album Gettin' Down to It, and with the Louie Bellson big band for 1970's Soul on Top, in a performance cut from the original LP release but restored for its 2004 CD reissue. A live performance from 1969 appears on the 1970 album Sex Machine. Another live recording of "There Was a Time", from an August 1968 concert in Dallas, Texas, was first issued on the 1991 Star Time box set, then remastered for the 1998 release Say It Live and Loud: Live in Dallas 08.26.68. Brown also performs the song in the concert films James Brown: Man to Man and Live at the Boston Garden: April 5, 1968.
An instrumental version of "There Was a Time" with saxophonist Alfred "Pee Wee" Ellis was released in 1968. It was an overdubbed version of the tune credited to The Dapps.

## Cover versions

"There Was a Time" was part of The Jackson 5's repertoire beginning early in their career. They perform it in concert on the album Live at the Forum. In a famous incident, Michael Jackson and Prince performed the song while sharing the stage with Brown and his band at Los Angeles' Beverly Theater in 1983.
Other artists who have recorded the song include Gene Chandler, Eddie Harris, and The Blue Sky Boys.