OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Horațiu Mălăele

Horațiu-Valentin Mălăele (born 31 July 1952) is a Romanian actor, cartoonist, writer, and theater and film director. In this last capacity he is often associated with the Romanian New Wave.

## Biography

Born in 1952 Târgu-Jiu, he had a public art exhibit in his final year of secondary school, the first of over 30 as of 2016.
Mălăele graduated in 1975 from the I.L. Caragiale Institute of Theatre and Film Arts in Bucharest and first became a professional actor with the National Theater of Romania in Piatra Neamț. He returned to Bucharest, where he became a prominent actor, working in many of Romania's leading theaters including Nottara, Odeon, and Bulandra. He then became a director, directing such plays as O sărbătoare princiară ("A Princely Feast") by Theodor Mazilu (1982 at Nottara Theatre), A Flea in Her Ear by Georges Feydeau (1993 at Nottara Theatre), and Carlo contra Carlo ("Carlo against Carlo") by Paul Ioachim (1994 at the Odeon), which won him that year's Romanian Comedy Festival Prize. He has since directed over a dozen other stage productions.
He first appeared as a film actor in 1974, appearing in two films that year: Păcală ("Caution") and Muntele Ascuns ("The Hidden Mountain", and has gone on to act in over two dozen other films. He also directed Pălăria ("The Hat", 2004, TV movie), Nunta mută ("Silent Wedding", 2008), Funeralii fericite ("Happy Funerals", 2013) and Luca (2020).
He has also written two books: the autobiographical Horațiu despre Mălăele ("Horațiu about Mălăele", ISBN 9731812172, and Wanderings, a collection of short episodes, aphorisms, and memories.

## Selected filmography

Film :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 1974 | Muntele ascuns [ro] | Petru |
| 1979 | Ciocolată cu alune [ro] | Victor Alexe |
| 1985 | Primăvara Bobocilor [ro] | Ionuț, Varvara's son |
| 2001 | Everyday God Kisses Us On The Mouth | Milicia Officer |
| 2006 | La urgență | Dr. Iordan Gaman |
| 2007 | Logodnicii din America | Willy |
| 2008 | Vine poliția! | Traian Corbescu |
| 2009 | The Army of Crime | Monsieur Dupont |
| 2010 | Nuntă în Basarabia | Willy |
| 2011 | Moștenirea | Ionuț, Varvara's son |
| 2012 | Îngeri pierduți | Eugen |
| 2013 | Funeralii Fericite | Lionel |
| 2018 | Moromeții 2 [ro] | Ilie Moromete |
# Rubidium oxide

Rubidium oxide is the chemical compound with the formula Rb$_2$O. Rubidium oxide is highly reactive towards water, and therefore it would not be expected to occur naturally. The rubidium content in minerals is often calculated and quoted in terms of Rb$_2$O. In reality, the rubidium is typically present as a component of (actually, an impurity in) silicate or aluminosilicate. A major source of rubidium is lepidolite, KLi$_2$Al(Al,Si)$_3$O$_{10}$(F,OH)$_2$, wherein Rb sometimes replaces K.
Rb$_2$O is a yellow colored solid. The related species Na$_2$O, K$_2$O, and Cs$_2$O are colorless, pale-yellow, and orange, respectively.
The alkali metal oxides M$_2$O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure. In the antifluorite motif, the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF$_2$, with rubidium ions 4-coordinate (tetrahedral) and oxide ions 8-coordinate (cubic).

## Properties

Like other alkali metal oxides, Rb$_2$O is a strong base. Thus, Rb$_2$O reacts exothermically with water to form rubidium hydroxide.
    Rb$_2$O + H$_2$O → 2 RbOH
So reactive is Rb$_2$O toward water that it is considered hygroscopic. Upon heating, Rb$_2$O reacts with hydrogen to rubidium hydroxide and rubidium hydride:
    Rb$_2$O + H$_2$ → RbOH + RbH

## Synthesis

For laboratory use, RbOH is usually used in place of the oxide. RbOH can be purchased for ca. US$5/g (2006). The hydroxide is more useful, less reactive toward atmospheric moisture, and less expensive than the oxide.
As for most alkali metal oxides, the best synthesis of Rb$_2$O does not entail oxidation of the metal but reduction of the anhydrous nitrate:
    10 Rb + 2 RbNO$_3$ → 6 Rb$_2$O + N$_2$
Typical for alkali metal hydroxides, RbOH cannot be dehydrated to the oxide. Instead, the hydroxide can be decomposed to the oxide (by reduction of the hydrogen ion) using Rb metal:
    2 Rb + 2 RbOH → 2 Rb$_2$O + H$_2$
Metallic Rb reacts with O$_2$, as indicated by its tendency to rapidly tarnish in air. The tarnishing process is relatively colorful as it proceeds via bronze-colored Rb$_6$O and copper-colored Rb$_9$O$_2$. The suboxides of rubidium that have been characterized by X-ray crystallography include Rb$_9$O$_2$ and Rb$_6$O, as well as the mixed Cs-Rb suboxides Cs$_{11}$O$_3$Rb$_n$ (n = 1, 2, 3).
The final product of oxygenation of Rb is principally RbO$_2$, rubidium superoxide:
    Rb + O$_2$ → RbO$_2$
This superoxide can then be reduced to Rb$_2$O using excess rubidium metal:
    3 Rb + RbO$_2$ → 2 Rb$_2$O
# Rubidium iodide

Rubidium iodide is a salt of rubidium and iodine, with the chemical formula RbI. It is a white solid with a melting point of 642 °C.

## Preparation

Rubidium iodide can be synthesized in several ways. One is to use a mixed reaction of rubidium hydroxide and hydriodic acid/hydrogen iodide:
    RbOH + HI → RbI + H$_2$O
Another method is to neutralize rubidium carbonate with hydriodic acid:
    Rb$_2$CO$_3$ + 2HI → 2RbI + H$_2$O + CO$_2$
Another method is to use rubidium metal to react directly with iodine, but because rubidium metal is very expensive, it is the least commonly used method. In addition, rubidium reacts violently with halogens and burns:
    2Rb + I$_2$ → 2RbI

## Properties

Rubidium iodide forms colorless crystals, and has a red-violet flame color. The refractive index of the crystals is n$_D$ = 1.6474. It reacts with halogens to form polyhalides: RbI$_3$, RbICl$_2$, RbICl$_4$. It is easily soluble in water, liquid ammonia, sulfuric acid, RbI·6NH$_3$ and RbI·3SO$_2$. Rubidium iodide is soluble only in the following solvents:
Solubility of RbI in organic solvents (given in g RbI in 100 cm$^3$ saturated solution) :
| Solvent | 0 °C | 25 °C |
| Acetonitrile | 1.478 | 1.350 |
| Propionitrile | 0.274 | 0.305 |
| Nitromethane | 0.567 | 0.518 |
| Acetone | 0.960 | 0.674 |
| Furfural | | 4,930 |
The standard enthalpy of formation of rubidium iodide is Δ$_f$H$^0$$_{298}$ = −328.7 kJ mol$^{−1}$, the standard free enthalpy of formation ΔG$^0$$_{298}$ = −325.7 kJ mol$^{−1}$, and the standard molar entropy S$^0$$_{298}$ = 118.11 J K$^{−1}$·mol$^{−1}$.
Rubidium iodide has a sodium chloride structure; its lattice constant is a = 7.326 Å, and the Rb–I bond length is 3.66 Å.

## Applications

Rubidium iodide is used as a component of eye drops, in which it is sold in Romania under the name Rubjovit$^®$ (containing 8 mg/ml RbI). Another product is Polijodurato$^®$. However, there are studies that show that rubidium iodide has allergy-triggering and inflammation-causing side effects. Homeopathic products containing rubidium iodide are available under the name 'Rubidium iodatum'. In the past, towards the end of the 19th century, it was used to treat syphilis.
It found isolated use in organic synthesis, for example for the targeted saponification of a polymethylated phosphate.
# Stacy Park

Stacy Park is a 35-acre public park in Olivette, Missouri.

## History

The area that became Stacy Park was originally occupied by a natural pond known as "Bock's Pond". It was a common recreation spot in Mid-County. In 1926, St. Louis decided to build a reservoir here since it was one of the highest points above sea level in St. Louis County at 700 feet. Stacy Park formed around the reservoir and became one the primary sources of water for St. Louis. In 1967, the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts of Olivette raised enough money to erect a flagpole at the park's entrance.

## Amenities

Stacy Park is a 35-acre park located on the border of Olivette and Creve Coeur. The park features a pavilion, a 2-mile walking path, a garden, several baseball fields, playground, picnic tables, bathrooms, outdoor grills, a basketball court and one multi-use field. The park also hosts a summer camp for kids and teenagers and offers field trips, swim days, crafts and games.
Stacy Park hosts an annual carnival every July.
# Horseshoe, Jersey City

The Horseshoe section of Jersey City, New Jersey, was the second ward, and was the home of the immigrants, tenements, and taverns. The Republican-controlled Legislature gerrymandered the district in 1871 to concentrate and isolate Democratic, and mostly Catholic, votes, thus preserving Republican dominance in the rest of the city. The curved shape of the district was said to resemble a horseshoe.
As competing railroads built cuts through Bergen Hill, they also built viaducts from the foot of the cliff which passed through residential districts to the waterfront. The district is often associated with the name Pavonia encompassing Harsimus Cove, Hamilton Park, Powerhouse and the former site of the Erie Railroad's Hudson waterfront Pavonia Terminal and the Pavonia Ferry, which since the 1980s has been redeveloped as Newport.
Frank Hague was born in the Horseshoe, and used it as his power base to become mayor of Jersey City and influential in local, state, and national politics.
# Horseshoe (disambiguation)

Horseshoe is a shoe for horses and by analogy is applied to many things with a similar shape.
Horseshoes (game), a tossing game played with a horseshoe
Horseshoe(s) or Horse Shoe(s) may also refer to:

## Places
### Settlements and jurisdictions

* Horse Shoe, North Carolina, a town near a lake with the same name
* Horseshoe, Arkansas, an unincorporated community
* Horseshoe, Jersey City, a ward of Jersey City, New Jersey
* Horseshoe, Western Australia, an abandoned town
* Horseshoe Bend (disambiguation), a number of places
* Horse Shoe Curve, Virginia, an unincorporated community

### Landforms and geology

* Horseshoe Bay (disambiguation), various localities
* Horseshoe Canyon (Alberta), Canada
* Horseshoe Canyon (Utah), US
* Horseshoe Harbour, Antarctica
* Horseshoe Mountain (Colorado), US
* Horseshoe Valley (disambiguation)
* The Horseshoe (Vietnam)

### Facilities and structures

* Ohio Stadium or the Horseshoe, a football stadium for Ohio State University
* The Horseshoe, a quadrangle in the Old Campus District of the University of South Carolina

#### Hospitality

* Binion's Horseshoe, a casino
* Horseshoe Bossier City, a casino in Louisiana
* Horseshoe Casino Baltimore, a Caesars Entertainment Casino in Maryland
* Horseshoe Hammond, a casino
* Horseshoe Indianapolis, a casino in Indianapolis
* Horseshoe Las Vegas, a casino in Las Vegas Strip
* Horseshoe St. Louis, a casino in Louisiana
* Horseshoe Casino Tunica, a casino
* Horseshoe Resort, or Horseshoe Valley Ski Club, a ski resort in southern Ontario
* Horseshoe Southern Indiana, formerly Caesars Indiana
* Horseshoe Tavern, a bar in downtown Toronto

## Animals

* Atlantic horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus
* Horseshoe crab, a marine arthropod
* Horseshoe bat

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* Horse Shoes (1927 film), a film starring Monty Banks and Jean Arthur
* Horseshoes (1923 film), a film starring Oliver Hardy
* "Horseshoes" (song), a 2000 song by Adam Gregory
* Horseshoes (game), a tossing game played with a horseshoe
* "Horseshoe", a 2014 song by Withered Hand from New Gods

## Transportation

* Horseshoe Bridge, Perth, Western Australia
* Horseshoe curve, in roads and railways
* Horseshoe Curve (Pennsylvania), a famous railroad curve
* Horseshoe route, a WWII air route
* Horseshoe run, a 19th-century steamship route

## Other uses

* Horseshoe (symbol), "⊃", a logical connective meaning material conditional in propositional logic
* Horseshoe cloud, a meteorological phenomenon
* Horseshoe magnet
* Horseshoe map, in chaos theory
* Horseshoe moustache
* Horseshoe sandwich, an open-faced sandwich found regionally in the Midwest
* Horseshoe theory, in political science
* Horseshoe vortex, simplified model of the vortex system in the airflow around a wing
* Ʊ (minuscule: ʊ), also called horseshoe u, a letter of the International Phonetic Alphabet
# Source Theatre Company (Washington, D.C.)

Source Theatre Company was a non-profit theater company in Washington, D.C., that operated from 1977 until 2002 and formally disbanded in 2006.
Located at 1835 14th St NW in the 14th Street corridor, its theatre building had a 120-seat black box performance space with loading dock and dressing rooms. The second floor had a rehearsal room, conference room, and office space.
The company aimed to help emerging theater artists, by producing new plays, reinterpreting the classics, non-traditional casting, and performing in non-established performance space. It received six Helen Hayes Awards and was nominated for 44 more.
Since the company disbanded in 2006, its facility has been used by several theatrical organizations, including:
   * Constellation Theatre Company
   * Washington Improv Theater
   * The In Series
# Sophie Harley

Sophie Harley is a British jewellery designer. She is known for designs incorporating charms and a mixture of silver, gold and precious stones.

## Background

She obtained an MA in 'goldsmithing and jewellery design' from London's Royal College of Art in 1989.

## Career

In 2002 Harley was commissioned by DeBeers to create a brooch to be awarded to the trainer of the winning horse in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Diamond Day stakes at Royal Ascot by Queen Elizabeth II. She has produced jewellery for the James Bond films Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. In 2013 Sophie Harley won 'UK Jewellery Designer of the Year'.

## Collectors

Clients include Kate Beckinsale, Naomi Campbell, Judi Dench, Colin Firth, Jerry Hall, and Joss Stone.
# Rusea's High School

Rusea's High School in Lucea, Hanover, Jamaica, established in 1777, is the fourth oldest, continuously operated high school in Jamaica, after Wolmer's Boys', one of the Wolmer's Schools (1729), Manning's School (1738) and St. Jago High School (1744).

## History

The history of the Rusea's High School dates back thirteen years before the actual establishment of the institution when Martin Rusea, a French refugee, as gratitude to the town of Lucea for the kindness shown to him, bequeathed in his will, dated 23 July 1764, to provide for the establishment of a trust school for the children of Hanover. The school was established on 22 December 1777, when the Jamaica Assembly passed an Act (18 Geo. III c. 7), after which the Free School was formally set up.
In the 18th century, these schools originated from their benefactors’ concerns for the education of the country's poor, usually the children of poor whites, as there was no system in place for the education of the children of slaves.
In 1982, Rusea's High School was merged with the Hanover Secondary School. The combined school retained the name Rusea's High School. The traditional colors of the Rusea's high school are yellow, blue and green.
The school consists two campuses: the main campus located on Watson Taylor Drive; and the Fort Charlotte campus on Fort Charlotte Drive.

## Academics

In addition to the regular academic curriculum, Rusea's also offers 10 vocational subjects. The sixth-form programme was restarted in 2001 and offers natural science, business studies, the humanities, modern languages and environmental science.
School Profile :
| Year | Enrollment | Student-Teacher Ratio |
| 2018 | 1,823 | 19:1 |
| 2017 | 1,770 | 18:1 |
| 2016 | 1,838 | 20:1 |
| 2015 | 1,978 | 22:1 |
| 2014 | 2,085 | 25:1 |
| 2013 | 2,173 | 30:1 |
| 2012 | 2,159 | 27:1 |

## Sports

Rusea's has won the daCosta Cup high-school football competition 11 times (second only to Cornwall College): 1884, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 2002, 2010, 2011, and 2017. The school has also won or shared the Olivier Shield a total of 6 times: 1985, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, and 2002.

## Historic buildings

Fort Charlotte was built in 1761 by the British for the defence of the north-westerly section Jamaica. It was built during the reign of King George III of Great Britain, and is named after his Queen Consort, Charlotte. Alongside the fort is a Georgian brick structure known as The Barracks, which was built in 1843 to provide shelter to the soldiers stationed there. The barracks currently forms part of the Rusea's High School. The Jamaica National Heritage Trust declared Fort Charlotte a national heritage site in 1993.

## Notable alumni

* Dwayne Ambusley, Jamaican international footballer
* Deshane Beckford, Jamaican footballer
* Tamika Davis, member of the Jamaican Parliament
* Enid Gonsalves, Jamaican educator and former principal
* Sir Kenneth Hall, Governor-General of Jamaica (2006-2009)
* Aaron Lawrence, Jamaican international footballer
* Merlene Ottey, Jamaican and Slovenian sprinter

## Former teachers

* Enid Gonsalves, Principal (1998-1999)
# Joint Force Air Component Commander

Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC) is a United States Department of Defense doctrinal term. It is pronounced "Jay-Fack".
It refers to a senior officer who is responsible for the air forces within a joint force; i.e., a military force composed of forces from two or more military departments. The term "air forces" encompasses aircraft from any service not already designated to specifically support ground forces (e.g., a marine air wing as part of a MAGTF or "organic" Army aviation assets).
The tool by which the JFACC tasks assets is called an air tasking order (ATO).
As defined in Joint Publication 1-02, the JFACC is:
"The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for making recommendations on the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. The joint force air component commander is given the authority necessary to accomplish missions and tasks assigned by the establishing commander."

## Confusion

While the position is often held by an aeronautically rated United States Air Force officer, an aeronautically designated officer of any other service can be the JFACC, if that service has the preponderance of air forces in theater (e.g., a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier strike group; a U.S. Marine Corps air-ground task force) and the ability to command and control those forces.
The JFACC is the commander of the air component of the joint force.
# Joint Force Air Component Headquarters

The Joint Force Air Component Headquarters (JFACHQ) is the United Kingdom's deployable air command and control unit. The JFACHQ is run by the Royal Air Force with representation from the other services.
The JFACHQ has members from the operations and operations support branches of the RAF to both plan and execute the air war as well as support the deployed air components from A1 to A9.
The unit is based at RAF High Wycombe. It can deploy worldwide at short notice to run an air campaign.
The constituent parts of the JFAC are broken down according to the Continental staff system:
* A1 – PANDA (Personnel and administration)
* A2 – RAF Intelligence
* A3 – Air operations (both plans and current operations)
* A4 – Air logistics
* A5 – Air strategy and contingency planning
* A6 – Air CIS (Communication and Information Systems)
* A7 – Air training
* A8 – Finance and budgets
* A9 – POLAD (Political advice) and LEGAD (Legal adviser)
# Joint Expert Speciation System

Joint Expert Speciation System (JESS) is a package of computer software and data developed collaboratively at Murdoch University and elsewhere by researchers interested in the chemical thermodynamics of water solutions with important applications in industry, biochemistry, medicine and the environment. Using information from the chemical literature, stored in databases for numerous chemical properties, JESS achieves coherence between frequently conflicting sources by automatic methods.
JESS places a strong emphasis on the concept of chemical speciation (i.e. the identity and relative abundance of different chemical entities which may be present), which can be predicted from known stability constants of metal-ligand complexes. Characteristic quantities for water solutions such as solubilities, equilibrium constants, activity coefficients, heat capacities and densities can be calculated from changes in the chemical speciation.
Recent examples of practical problems that can be investigated by JESS include kidney stones (mineral precipitation and dissolution in the kidney) and Wilson’s disease (copper physiology in the human eye).
At the core of the software package is a thermodynamic database called the ‘JESS Parent Database’ (JPD). JPD now comprises over 80,000 chemical reactions for which some 280,000 equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic parameters have been recorded from the chemical literature. Over 70,000 distinct chemical species are involved. The whole contents of this database in a set of associated PDF documents, which have been specifically prepared for free, widespread scientific dissemination, are available at the Zenodo repository.
# Horncastle (disambiguation)

Horncastle is a town in Lincolnshire, England.
Horncastle may also refer to:

## Places

* Horncastle, Berkshire, a suburb of Reading, England
* Horncastle, Ontario, Canada

## People

* James Horncastle, writer
* John Horncastle, a bishop
* Tristan Horncastle, songwriter
* William Horncastle, cricketer

## Other

* R v Horncastle [2009] UKSC 14, a decision of the UK Supreme Court
# Max Hicks (American football)

Edward Francis "Max" Hicks (November 6, 1892 – November 12, 1944) was a professional American football player and coach in the early National Football League (NFL)–then called the American Professional Football Association (AFPA). He played in 1920 for the Hammond Pros and later served the team as a player-coach in 1921.
# South Western Districts (cricket team)

South Western Districts, known as SW Districts or SWD, is a South African first class cricket team based in the Western Cape city of Oudtshoorn, representing approximately the eastern half of Western Cape province. They form part of the Cape Cobras franchise, and play their home games at the Oudtshoorn Recreation Ground.

## Playing history

South Western Districts played their inaugural first-class match in the Currie Cup in 1904 at Mossel Bay against Western Province but did not play another first-class match for 102 years.
The South Western Districts Cricket Board was granted associate status by Cricket South Africa in 2004 and the team has taken part in the Provincial Three-Day Challenge and Provincial One-Day Challenge competitions since the 2006-07 season. It was upgraded to full affiliate status in 2013 and as of early December 2020 South Western Districts had played 143 first-class matches for 37 wins, 53 losses and 53 draws and 111 List A matches for 52 wins, 57 losses, one tie and one no-result.

## Honours

* South African Airways Provincial Three-Day Challenge (0)
* South African Airways Provincial One-Day Challenge (0)

## Squad

The team's coach for the 2019–20 domestic season was the former Griqualand West and Eagles all-rounder Alan Kruger. He succeeded Baakier Abrahams, who coached the team for the previous three seasons.
In April 2021, Cricket South Africa confirmed the following squad ahead of the 2021–22 season.
* Jean du Plessis
* Hanno Kotze
* Renaldo Meyer
* Sintu Majeza
* Jhedli van Briesies
* Marcello Piedt
* Andre Malan
* Blayde Capell
* Yaseen Valli
* Onke Nyaku
* Sean Whitehead

## Current Squad

In August 2023, Cricket South Africa confirmed the following squad ahead of the 2023–24 season.
| No. | Name | Nat | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style |
| Batters |||||||
| | Keegan Petersen ‡ | South Africa | (1998-11-21) 21 November 1998 (age 25) | Right-handed | Right-arm off break |
| All-rounders |||||||
| Wicket-keepers |||||||
| Bowlers |||||||