OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Touraine Regiment

Founded in 1625, the Régiment de Touraine was a French infantry regiment raised in the province of Touraine.

## Origins

At the end of 1624, the Protestant stronghold of La Rochelle sent an expedition and besieged Port Louis in Brittany. As no troops were stationed in this province at this time, Louis XIII sent Marshal Bassompierre, which, from Angers, urged Baron du Plessis-Joigny, governor of this city, to create an infantry regiment. The Protestant expedition on Port-Louis was cancelled before the arrival of the newly raised regiment, but it victoriously took part to the siege of the rebellious city between 1627 and 1628.
In May 1636 the regiment received the name of Touraine and its regimental flags. During the Fronde the colonels took advantage of the weakening of royal authority and did away with the provincial title of their regiments. Subsequently, the Touraine regiment appeared as the Régiment d'Amboise, de Kercado or de Chambellay according to the name of its colonel.

## Franco-Spanish War

During the Franco-Spanish War, the Regiment de Touraine participated to the Italian campaign where it successfully attacked Spanish possessions in Northern Italy, including Ceva, Pianezza, Mondovì and took part to the famous siege of Turin.

## Franco-Dutch War and War of the Reunions

After Turenne's death, the regiment participated to the siege of Valenciennes (1676-1677) the Battle of Cassel (1677) and the Siege of Luxembourg (1684).

## War of the Austrian Succession

The regiment was present at the battle of Fontenoy 1745 and the sieges of Tournai, Termonde and Ath. In 1746 it fought at the battle of Rocoux and the siege of Namur. In 1747 it was at the battle of Lauffeld and participated at the siege of Bergen op Zoom. It was at the siege of Maastricht in 1748.

## Seven Years' War

In 1757 Touraine fought at battle of Hastenbeck. It was at the battle of Krefeld in 1758. The regiment was present at the battle of Minden in 1759 and the siege of Mǚnster. It fought at Warburg in 1760, covering the retreat of the army.

## American Revolutionary War

The regiment, commanded by Vicomte de Poudeux, was among forces under Saint Simon brought from the West Indies to Yorktown. Régiment de Touraine principal engagements: Yorktown ; St Christophe ; Les Saintes.

## French Revolution

In 1791, the provincial names of the French regiments were abolished and a number was assigned to each of them. Thus the regiment of Touraine became the 33rd line infantry regiment.

## Gallery

* Uniform of a fusilier of the Régiment de Touraine in 1720
* Uniform of a fusilier of the Régiment de Touraine in 1779.
* Jean Thurel, in 1788, the "oldest soldier of Europe" in his uniform of fusilier of the Touraine Regiment with his three veteran medals and his Légion d'Honneur (added to the painting in 1804), painting by Antoine Vestier.
# Osculum infame

Osculum infame is a witch's supposed ritual greeting upon meeting with the Devil. The name means the 'shameful kiss' or 'kiss of shame', since it involved kissing the devil's anus, his "other" mouth. According to folklore, it was this kiss that allowed the Devil to seduce women.

## Kiss of shame

During the era of witch-hunting, many believed that witches worshipped the Devil and paid him homage by kissing his posterior. The osculum infame is mentioned in nearly every single recorded account of a Witches' Sabbath and in confessions – most of which were extracted under torture. Although most common in Europe, no illustrations of it exist in the publications of English persecutions, possibly as torture was not regularly employed in the questioning of those accused. It was called the kiss of shame because it was generally regarded as an act of degradation.
According to the allegations, witches would give the kiss of shame at the beginning of the sabbat, after the Devil had read the names of his followers. They would approach him by crawling or walking backwards, turn, bow and kiss his posterior. It was believed that this kiss was required for a new witch to be initiated, and the kiss was followed by feasting.
Sometimes witches kissed not only the Devil's fundament, but lower-ranking demons' as well.
Generally considered to be an act of homage, or respect, the North Berwick witch trials of Scotland in the 16th century held that the kiss was an act of penance issued from the Devil. Reported in Newes from Scotland, declaring the damnable Life of Doctor Fian (1592) by W. Wright:
   ...and seeing that they tarried over long, hee at their coming enjoyned them all to a pennance, which was, that they should kisse his buttockes, in sign of duety to him, which being put over the pulpit bare, every one did as he had enjoyned them.
The pamphlet provided the first descriptions of the osculum infame to the English population. Belief held that the Devil demanded the kiss of shame in forms other than human, including rams, black cats, and toads. Errores Haereticorum, a medieval tract, claims that the Cathars took their name "from the term cat, whose posterior they kiss, in whose form Satan appears to them." The role could also be reversed whereby the witch was the recipient of the kiss.
# Oscuro Deseo Producciones

Oscuro Deseo Producciones is a Mexico City-based company that produces and distributes films. It is directed by César A. Amigó and owned by a board of directors.
Some of its films are the Serial Comic horror film series.

## Filmography

Future projects include Serial Comic (2012)
* Serial Comic No.2: Mental (2011)
* Z: The Definitive Documentary (2011)
* Hasta cuando? (2011)
* ¿Quién anda ahí? (2010)
* Lucha Verde: Super Verde vs La contaminación (2010)
* Serial Comic No.1: Fijación (2010)
* Sesiones (2000)
# Anchorage Football Stadium

The Anchorage Football Stadium is a 3,500-seat stadium in Anchorage, Alaska used for American football, track and field, and soccer. Anchorage Football Stadium is located next to Mulcahy Stadium and Sullivan Arena. It was one of the first sports facilities to have a FieldTurf surface installed in 1999.
On July 31, 2003, a Cessna 207 Skywagon plane carrying four passengers made an emergency crash landing on the stadium's track as a soccer match was taking place. Players and spectators from both Anchorage Football Stadium and neighboring Mulcahy Stadium rushed to the wreckage to assist those on board; all survived.
# Torka Bazaar

Torka Bazaar is in upper Surani Bannu, Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
The town holds a post office, Jamia masjid, markets, and shops. As the location of the tomb of Faizul Ostad, and the site of battles between Faqir Epi, Khalifa Gul Nawaz, Faizul Ostad, and the British Army, Torka Bazaar is a location of historical significance.
Torka Bazaar is famous for its tasty tea and halwa, specialties which attract visitors from the surrounding areas.

## Origin of Name

The word "Torka", meaning "coal", is derived from the Bannuchi language.
# Town Hall railway station

Town Hall railway station may refer to:
* Town Hall railway station, Melbourne
* Town Hall railway station, Sydney
# Town Hall tram stop

Town Hall tram stop is a tram stop on Line 1 of the West Midlands Metro located in Birmingham outside Birmingham Town Hall. It opened on 11 December 2019 when the line was extended from Grand Central to Library. In July 2022 the line was further extended to Edgbaston Village.
| Preceding station | Midland Metro | Following station |
| Grand Central | Line 1 | Library |
# Bazmaberd

Bazmaberd may refer to:
* Nerkin Bazmaberd, Armenia
* Verin Bazmaberd, Armenia
# Bawadi

Bawadi is a sector in the Dubailand development of the Emirate of Dubai, on the coast of the Arab's Gulf. The development is focused on amusement parks, hotel, commercial and residential buildings along a 15 city block, 10 kilometres (6 mi), transit zone. The project was first announced by the government of Dubai on 1 May 2006. The developer is Tatweer, a subsidiary of Dubai Holding. Arif Mubarak was the initial CEO of the Bawadi development.
The Bawadi original master plan had a central boulevard with space for thirty-one hotels with 29,000 rooms. One such was the Asia-Asia Hotel which would have been among the largest hotels in the world with more than 6,500 rooms. The hotels along the strip were designed to have various themes from Asian, various American countries, Middle Eastern, African, European, and universal. An example was the Wild Wild West Hotel with an American theme. The project estimated total cost was over USD 100 billion. The first residential development would have been 308 townhouses with a community centre, centered on a retail area. The master plan was revised in 2007 to include fifty-one hotels with over 60,000 new hotel rooms.
The Bawadi development suffered severely from the 2008 real estate collapse. For example, the Desert Gate Hotels and Towers part of the project was completely cancelled. The Bawadi project web page, bawadi.info, was closed in August 2014.
# Bawah Barracks

Bawah Barracks is a settlement in Tamale for personnel of the Airborne Special forces of Ghana Army branch of the Ghana Armed Forces.
# Beatrice Nasmyth

Beatrice Sifton Nasmyth (August 12, 1885 – October 23, 1977), later Beatrice Sifton Nasmyth Furniss was a Canadian suffragette and war correspondent during the First World War. She was a reporter for the Daily Province in Vancouver from 1910 to 1919, which took her to Europe to cover the war and the subsequent peace treaty.

## Early life and family

Nasmyth was born to Deborah (nee Dignam) and James Nasmyth on August 12, 1885 in Stratford, Ontario. Her father was a pharmacist. She was the third child born out of five and the only daughter.$^{:25–26}$ Her aunt was Mary Dignam, a painter and the founder of the Women's Art Association of Canada. Dignam would later influence Nasmyth in her suffragist and feminist views.$^{:28}$
Nasmyth graduated from Woodstock Collegiate Institute and then attended finishing school at Alma College in St. Thomas, Ontario. After graduation, she studied at the University of Toronto before leaving in 1907. Her first journalist job was at the Woodstock Sentinel-Review.$^{:32–33}$ In 1910, she moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where one of her brothers was living. Nasmyth continued writing, and in two years she was reporting for The Vancouver Daily World and editing book reviews for the weekly B.C. Saturday Sunset. She also joined the Vancouver Province (also known as the Daily Province) as assistant women's editor.$^{:34}$
Nasmyth helped found the Vancouver branch of the Canadian Women's Press Club (CWPC), and in 1913 she took on the role of president. She was close friends with poet and author Pauline Johnson (another member of the CWPC).$^{:35}$ In 1914, Nasmyth participated in the Komagata Maru incident, where she became part of a crowd of Canadian citizens and officials who prevented a ship full of Indian immigrants from coming ashore.$^{:37}$

## First World War

The Province sent Nasmyth to London to cover the war in 1914. She was known for trying to evade press censorship by smuggling her articles past the censors. She would give her articles to one of her brothers, a businessman who often traveled to England, and he would smuggle the reports back to Canada.
Nasmyth covered the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, acting as press secretary to Canadian delegate Arthur Sifton, who was her second cousin.$^{:148}$ She was the lone female journalist in attendance at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.$^{:273}$

## Political activism

In 1917, Nasmyth was the campaign manager for Roberta MacAdams, a military dietitian who ran for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, who became the second woman ever elected to the Assembly.$^{:105}$$^{:225}$

## Later life

Nasmyth married Mackenzie Furniss in 1918. The couple arrived back in Canada in 1920, settling in Montreal. In 1921, they had a son named Harry, and then in 1924, they had a daughter named Monica. Nasmyth started writing fiction for the British magazine Modern Woman and the Canadian magazine Chatelaine.$^{:207–210}$
Nasmyth died in Vancouver, British Columbia, on October 23, 1977.
# Andor Ajtay

Andor Ajtay (1903–1975) was a Hungarian Kossuth Prize-winning (1954) actor.

## Selected filmography

* Lady Seeks a Room (1937)
* I Defended a Woman (1938)
* Two Girls on the Street (1939)
* Unknown Opponent (1940)
* Silent Monastery (1941)
* Lóránd Fráter (1942)
* Male Fidelity (1942)
* Costume Ball (1942)
* At the Crossroads (1942)
* Happy Times (1943)
* The Night Girl (1943)
* Orient Express (1943)
* The Siege of Beszterce (1948)
* The Marriage of Katalin Kis (1950)
* Underground Colony (1951)
* Erkel (1952)
* A Strange Mask of Identity (1955)
* Ward 9 (1955)
* Two Wishes (1957)
* Danse Macabre (1958)
* Cantata (1963)
* The Man Who Doesn't Exist (1964)
* Imposztorok (1969)
# Andor

Andor may refer to:
* Andor (TV series), a television series in the Star Wars universe
** Cassian Andor, the titular character
* Andor (The Wheel of Time), a fictional country in Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time novels
* Andor Technology, a manufacturer of scientific digital cameras
* And/or, a grammatical conjunction (and logical disjunction)
* Andor (also known as Andoria), the homeworld of the fictional species Andorian, from Star Trek.
* Númenor (or Andor), a fictional place in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings
* A planet in the television series The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers
* A major enemy agent in the T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents comic

## People
### Surname

* László Andor (born 1966), Hungarian economist and politician

### Given name

* Andor Ajtay (1903–1975), Hungarian actor
* Andor Basch (1885–1944), Hungarian painter
* Andor Deli (born 1977), Hungarian politician
* Andor Gomme (1930–2008), British scholar of English literature and architectural history
* Andor Jaross (1896–1946), Hungarian politician and Nazi collaborator
* André Kertész (born Kertész Andor; 1894-1985), Hungarian-born American photographer
* Andor Lilienthal (1911–2010), Hungarian chess grandmaster
* Andor Toth (1925–2006), American violinist, conductor, educator
* Andor Toth Jr. (1948–2002), American cellist
# Anandpur Kalu

Anandpur Kalu is a village in Jaitaran tehsil of Pali district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.

## Geography

Anandpur Kalu is located at 26°22′00″N 73°59′00″E﻿ / ﻿26.3667°N 73.9833°E﻿ / 26.3667; 73.9833. It has an average elevation of 307 metres (1007 feet).

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Anandpur Kalu had a population of 8,334. Males constitute 51% (4,276) of the population and females 49% (4,058). The mother tongues are Rajasthani and Hindi. Men wear mainly safa and women wear lahnga.
# Beatrice and Virgil

Beatrice and Virgil is Canadian writer Yann Martel's third novel. First published in April 2010, it contains an allegorical tale about representations of the Holocaust. It tells the story of Henry, a novelist, who receives the manuscript of a play in a letter from a reader. Intrigued, Henry traces the letter to a taxidermist, who introduces him to the play's protagonists, two taxidermy animals—Beatrice, a donkey, and Virgil, a monkey.
The Globe and Mail reported that Martel received a $2 million advance from Random House for U.S. rights alone, and that the total advance for worldwide rights was around $3 million, probably the highest ever advance for a single Canadian novel. Martel's earlier novel, Life of Pi, won the 2002 Man Booker Prize for Fiction, and sold seven million copies worldwide.

## References to other works

Early on in the story, the protagonist, an author, (some say that the protagonist is a reflection of Yann himself) makes reference to Primo Levi's If This Is a Man; Art Spiegelman's Maus; David Grossman's See Under: Love; Martin Amis's Time's Arrow; George Orwell's Animal Farm; Albert Camus's The Plague; and Pablo Picasso's Guernica.
Extracts are quoted from Flaubert's "The Legend of Saint Julian Hospitator" which is discussed at length. Later in the novel, Jacques the Fatalist by Diderot is later discussed along with Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot.
The title is an allusion to two of the main characters in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy.
# Our Lady of Assiut

Our Lady of Assiut is the name given to a series of reported apparitions of the Virgin Mary in 2000 and 2001 in Assiut, Egypt.

## History

The apparitions of Our Lady of Assiut were mass apparitions in Assiut, Egypt, during 2000 and 2001. Thousands of witnesses produced photographs of them, which were reprinted in several newspapers. According to newspaper reports, during mass, pictures showing Our Lady with a dove above her that were hung on the wall inside the altar began to glow, after which the light from the dove in the pictures started to flow down. Later, the lights appeared above the church as well.
The Coptic Church approved the apparition.
# Ancistrochilus rothschildianus

Ancistrochilus rothschildianus is a small species of semi-terrestrial, orchid endemic to the African tropics. A. rothschildianus is cultivated for its "pretty pink flowers." This species and Ancistrochilus thomsonianus are the only recognized species in genus Ancistrochilus.

## Description

Ancistrochilus rothschildianus is a sympodial epiphytic plant with wide, conical or pyriform pseudobulbs that each carry two to three broad, acute, lanceolate leaves. The shape of the pseudobulbs has been described as similar to that of Hershey's Kisses.
A deciduous species from a region with a very pronounced dry season, A. rothschildianus goes into a state of abscission and loses leaves before it comes into flower. At the end or the dry season, the flowers appear from the base of the mature, leafless pseudobulb in a pubescent inflorescence. Each plant produces three to four large (8 cm across), attractive, and showy flowers are that are dusky rose pink in color with a three-lobed lip that is magenta in color and ends in an elongated, narrow, curved projection. The flowers have a mild, spicy fragrance with a hint of a metallic odor.

## Range and habitat

Ancistrochilus rothschildianus is endemic to a relatively narrow latitudinal range across tropical Africa encompassing the West African countries of Guinea and Sierra Leone, the East African countries of Uganda and Tanzania, and the territory in between.
This orchid grows on bare tree trunks and larger branches of large forest trees at altitudes of 500-1100m.

## Cultivation

In cultivation, this orchid does well in a coarse, well-drained potting medium. After flowering until the appearance of a new lead, the potting medium should be allowed to get dry during so as to encourage the plant to go dormant as it does in the wild. When it loses its leaves and flowers appear, more frequent watering should resume. It benefits from repotting when new growth appears at the start of its growing season. Mature pseudobulbs flower better if provided with plentiful amounts of water and fertilizer.
# Trade-off theory of capital structure

The trade-off theory of capital structure is the idea that a company chooses how much debt finance and how much equity finance to use by balancing the costs and benefits. The classical version of the hypothesis goes back to Kraus and Litzenberger who considered a balance between the dead-weight costs of bankruptcy and the tax saving benefits of debt. Often agency costs are also included in the balance. This theory is often set up as a competitor theory to the pecking order theory of capital structure. A review of the trade-off theory and its supporting evidence is provided by Ai, Frank, and Sanati.
An important purpose of the theory is to explain the fact that corporations usually are financed partly with debt and partly with equity. It states that there is an advantage to financing with debt, the tax benefits of debt and there is a cost of financing with debt, the costs of financial distress including bankruptcy costs of debt and non-bankruptcy costs (e.g. staff leaving, suppliers demanding disadvantageous payment terms, bondholder/stockholder infighting, etc.). The marginal benefit of further increases in debt declines as debt increases, while the marginal cost increases, so that a firm that is optimizing its overall value will focus on this trade-off when choosing how much debt and equity to use for financing.

## Evidence

The empirical relevance of the trade-off theory has often been questioned. Miller for example compared this balancing as akin to the balance between horse and rabbit content in a stew of one horse and one rabbit. Taxes are large and they are sure, while bankruptcy is rare and, according to Miller, it has low dead-weight costs. Accordingly, he suggested that if the trade-off theory were true, then firms ought to have much higher debt levels than we observe in reality. Myers was a particularly fierce critic in his Presidential address to the American Finance Association meetings in which he proposed what he called "the pecking order theory". Fama and French criticized both the trade-off theory and the pecking order theory in different ways. Welch has argued that firms do not undo the impact of stock price shocks as they should under the basic trade-off theory and so the mechanical change in asset prices that makes up for most of the variation in capital structure.
Despite such criticisms, the trade-off theory remains the dominant theory of corporate capital structure as taught in the main corporate finance textbooks. Dynamic versions of the model generally seem to offer enough flexibility in matching the data so, contrary to Miller's verbal argument, dynamic trade-off models are very hard to reject empirically.
# Oudesluis

Oudesluis can refer to:
* Oudesluis, Hoeksche Waard, a hamlet in the Dutch province of South Holland, part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard
* Oudesluis, Schagen, a village in the Dutch province of North Holland, part of the municipality of Schagen
# Trachichthys

Trachichthys australis, the southern roughy, is a species of slimehead and the only member of the genus Trachichthys. It is native to the waters off Australia, where it is found around coral reefs between 1 and 1,557 metres (3.3 and 5,108.3 ft) in depth. It can grow to a maximum length of 15.0 centimetres (5.9 in) SL.