OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Left atrial volume

The volume of the heart's left atrium (left atrial volume) is an important biomarker for cardiovascular physiology and clinical cardiology. It is usually calculated as left atrial volume index in terms of body surface area.

## Measurement

The left atrial volume is commonly measured by echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography. It is calculated from biplane recordings with the equation:
    ${A}_{L}={\frac {8}{3\pi }}{\frac {A4c\cdot A2c}{L}}$
where A4c and A2c denote LA areas in 4- and 2-chamber views respectively, and L corresponds to the shortest long-axis length measured in either views.
Usually, the volume of the left atrium is divided by the body surface area in order to provide an extensive property, which is independent from body size. The resulting index is referred to as left atrial volume index (LAVI):
    $LAVI={\frac {{A}_{L}}{BSA}}$

## Physiology

LAVI between 16 and 34 ml/m2 is regarded as normal. 2015 ASE guidelines.

## Pathophysiologiy and clinical implications

Enlargement of the left atrium is a form of cardiomegaly. Moderately increased LAVI (63 to 73 mL/m$^2$) is associated with slightly elevated mortality hazard and severely increased LAVI (>73 mL/m$^2$) with significantly higher hazard ratio of mortality.
LAVI predicts survival after acute myocardial infarction, postoperative atrial fibrillation in subjects undergoing heart surgery, atrial fibrillation and stroke as well as hospital admission in ambulatory patients.
# South Bay (Texas)

South Bay is a bay in the Laguna Madre in Texas separated from the Gulf of Mexico by Brazos Island. It is the southernmost bay in Texas, about 1 mi (1.6 km) north of the Texas-Mexico Border.
# UF-1

UF-1 is the name/designation of:
* French submarine Africaine (Q196); an Aurore-class submarine of the French navy.
* Grumman HU-16 Albatross; a large twin-radial engine amphibious flying boat that was used by the United States Air Force/Navy/Coast Guard.
# Psyllacarus

Psyllacarus is a genus of mites in the family Acaridae.

## Species

* Psyllacarus subellipticus Fain, F. Bartholomaeus, B. Cooke & J. C. Beaucournu, 1990
# Singaporoidea

Singaporoidea is an Asian genus of stick insects in the family Lonchodidae and subfamily Necrosciinae.

## Species

The Phasmida Species File lists:
* Singaporoidea albilateralis (Hennemann, 1998)
* Singaporoidea dolorosa (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea enganensis (Giglio-Tos, 1910)
* Singaporoidea evae Seow-Choen, 2018
* Singaporoidea fruhstorferi (Günther, 1938)
* Singaporoidea gracillimus (Werner, 1934)
* Singaporoidea inconspicua (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea jambia Seow-Choen, 2018
* Singaporoidea janaae (Seow-Choen, 2017)
* Singaporoidea janus (Bates, 1865)
* Singaporoidea lutea (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea macra (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea meneptolemus (Westwood, 1859)
* Singaporoidea nigragenua Seow-Choen, 2018
* Singaporoidea nigropunctata Seow-Choen, 2018
* Singaporoidea normalis (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea nurulae Seow-Choen, 2020
* Singaporoidea planicercata (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904)
* Singaporoidea pseudosipylus (Redtenbacher, 1908)
* Singaporoidea pumila (Werner, 1934)
* Singaporoidea shifui (Seow-Choen, 2016)
* Singaporoidea tenella (Günther, 1935)
# Paper Giants: Magazine Wars

Paper Giants: Magazine Wars is a 2013 Australian two-part television miniseries about "golden years" of the glossy women's magazines and the battle to have the number one selling publication in Australia. The mini series is a sequel to the 2011 mini series Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo.

## Plot

Paper Giants: Magazine Wars is the story of the battle between Nene King (Mandy McElhinney) editor of Woman's Day and Dulcie Boling (Rachel Griffiths) editor of New Idea, from the rival Packer and Murdoch empires, who "battled" to make their publication the number one seller in Australia. It charts the period from 1987 to 1997 with the rise of cheque-book journalism, the age of celebrity power, paparazzi, media moguls and the two remarkable women who helped make them.

## Critical reception

Occasional writer for The Guardian Doug Anderson reported that the miniseries was an "absorbing and frequently rewarding drama".

## Cast

* Rachel Griffiths as Dulcie Boling
* Mandy McElhinney as Nene King
* Rob Carlton as Kerry Packer
* Angus Sampson as Patrick Bowring
* Khan Chittenden as Nick Trumpet
* Caren Pistorius as Beth Ridgeway
* Lucy Bell as Susan Duncan
* Mark Lee as Richard Walsh
* Socratis Otto as Peter Dawson
* William Zappa as Rupert Murdoch
* Alexander England as James Packer
* John Wood as Ken Cowley
* Steve Rodgers as Alan Bond
* Sean Taylor as Al Dunlap
* Rodger Corser as Harry M. Miller
* Rhys McConnochie as Lionel King
* Elspeth Ballantyne as Emily King
* Samuel Johnson as Paul Cavanagh
* Nicki Paull as Maggie Tabberer
* Danielle Carter as Julia
* Penne Hackforth-Jones as Camilla Parker-Bowles (voice)
# Thomas Harrington Tuke

Thomas Harrington Tuke FRCPE FRCP (13 June 1826 - 1888) was a British physician who specialised in psychiatry. He ran and enlarged the private Manor House Asylum in Chiswick (founded by his father Edward Francis Tuke), published papers on general paralysis and related topics, and contributed to the development of lunacy legislation in Victorian England. Tuke specialised in non-restraint treatment.

## Early life

Thomas Harrington Tuke was born 13 June 1826, the son of the Quaker physician Edward Francis Tuke of Bristol and his wife Mary. He studied medicine at St George's Hospital; and also at the University of Edinburgh and Paris. Tuke took a University of St Andrews MD qualification in 1849.

## Career

Tuke specialised in the treatment of the insane with non-restraint methods. In 1846 he took over and began to extend the private Manor House asylum in Chiswick founded by his father. How far he expanded the asylum can be seen in the 1880 rate book. Not only did he own Manor Farm House, he was also renting 2 halves of a semi-detached house and the land behind it, plus another cottage, house and some more land. In 1893 the Tukes moved out of the cottage, house and land and it became the ABC estate. In 1894 they moved out of the semi-detached houses which became part of Cranbrook Road on the Sulhamstead Estate, the houses they rented were knocked down much later and they became Stephen Fox House. In 1896 Manor Farm House was sold and it became Wilton Avenue.
He was the first to introduce nasogastric feeding of the insane. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1858) and of the Royal College of Physicians in London (1878). He was secretary of the Medico-Psychological Association and testified before select committees of the House of Commons on amendments to the lunacy laws. Tuke was an experienced psychiatric witness and took part in the William Frederick Windham case (in which he took a position contrary to Dr Forbes Benignus Winslow), in the divorce action against Lady Mordaunt, and in the Bravo and George Victor Townley cases. His most famous patient was probably the Chartist leader Feargus O'Connor.

## Family

In January 1852, Tuke married Sophia Jane Conolly, daughter of Tuke's friend and teacher Dr John Conolly of The Lawn, Hanwell. Conolly was a pioneer in non-restraint methods of treatment of the insane. Tuke and his wife had seven sons and a daughter.
Two of their sons Thomas Seymour and Charles Molesworth Tuke, both doctors, continued running the asylum and supervised its move to Chiswick House in 1893, where it remained until its closure in 1929.

## Death

Tuke died in 1888. He was buried in Chiswick on 13 June.
# Navio da República Portuguesa

Navio da República Portuguesa (Portuguese for "Ship of the Portuguese Republic"), abbreviated as N.R.P. or NRP, is a ship prefix used to identify a commissioned ship of the Portuguese Navy.
During the Portuguese Monarchy era, there was no standard method for referring to the Royal Portuguese Navy's ships. After the establishment of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910, all Portuguese naval ships started to be officially referred to by their name preceded by Navio da República Portuguesa or its abbreviation.
After July 1981, Portuguese Navy's vessels not considered as naval ships came to be officially referred to by the prefix Unidade Auxiliar da Marinha (Navy's Auxiliary Unit), abbreviated as U.A.M. or UAM.
Sometimes, some Portuguese Navy vessels are referred to by alternative prefixes that indicate their function or type, as N.E. for Navio-Escola (school ship) or N.H. for Navio Hidrográfico (hydrographic ship). For example, although the official name of the school ship Sagres is N.R.P. Sagres, she is occasionally referred to as N.E. Sagres.
* This naval article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# UFA Fiction

UFA Fiction is a company founded in August 2013 for fiction film and television productions of the UFA based in Potsdam-Babelsberg. The company was created through the merger of the UFA subsidiaries teamWorx, Phoenix Film and UFA Fernsehproduktion in the context of a restructuring of UFA and the strategic goal to bundle all companies under one brand in the future.
With UFA Fiction, all production activities of the UFA in the branch of series, TV movies, events and feature films are bundled in one company. Managing directors of UFA Fiction are Benjamin Benedict, Joachim Kosack, Markus Brunnemann, Sebastian Werninger and Joerg Winger. UF Fiction is owned by Fremantle (RTL Group).
# Isthmus of Catanzaro

The Isthmus of Catanzaro (or Isthmus of Marcellinara, also called Saddle of Catanzaro or Saddle of Marcellinara due to its morphology) is a narrow strip of land separating the Ionian Sea from the Tyrrhenian Sea, in Calabria. It is the narrowest section of the Italian Peninsula.

## Description

The Isthmus is approximately 30 kilometres long and is situated in the lowlands between the south end of the Sila mountainous plateau and the northern part of the Calabrian Serre. The valley between the two mountain ranges is approximately 2 kilometres wide in its narrowest point, and it opens wide to form the Piana di Sant'Eufemia on the west side, and the valley of Corace to the east, reaching the seas at both sides. South of Marcellinara is the Sella di Marcellinara (Saddle of Marcellinara), the lowest and narrowest point of the Calabrian Apennine, at a height of about 250 metres. From the high grounds of the Calabrian Apennine, in the towns of Tiriolo, Marcellinara and Catanzaro, it is possible to have a panoramic view of the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas at the same time. The isthmus is crossed by two seasonal rivers: the Amato and the Corace. Both have their springs from the Plateau of Sila and, after running parallel, separated by about two kilometres, they separate near the hills of Gimigliano. The Amato descends the valley westwards, ending its run in Tyrrhenian Sea, whereas the Corace goes eastwards to the Ionian Sea.

## History

According to classical accounts, during the slave rebellion led by Spartacus, general Marcus Licinius Crassus decided to fortify the Isthmus by mean of a wall, in order to block their offensive and cut supplies.
During the Fascist era of the early 20th century, the construction of a channel to connect the Ionian to the Tyrrhenian has been advanced several times.
# The Heart of the Man

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Pittsburgh Press | (favourable) |
The Heart of the Man is the debut studio album by singer Phil Perry issued in 1991 on Capitol Records. The album peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart.
# Patrick Kielty Almost Live

Patrick Kielty Almost Live is a Friday night aired chat show aired between 1999 and 2003 hosted by Northern Irish comedian Patrick Kielty. It was filmed in Belfast.
One of the most prolific guests was Canadian singer Shania Twain who appeared on the show several times.

## Notable guests

* Shania Twain
* Lorraine Kelly
* Tom Jones
* Lee Boardman
* Phill Jupitus
* Gail Porter
* Jason Priestley
* Rory Bremner
* Kelly Brook
* Craig Fairbrass
* Rupert Everett
* Amanda Holden
* Eddie Irvine
* Peter Kay
* Martine McCutcheon
* Jimi Mistry
* Tweet
* Natalie & Nicole Appleton
* Holly Valance
* Tim Vine
* Susie Amy
* Ronni Ancona
* Ron Atkinson
* George Best
* Rob Brydon
* Pat Cash
* Melanie C
* Jeremy Clarkson
* Jon Culshaw
* Craig David
* Jack Dee
* David Dickinson
* Noel Gallagher
* Damon Gough
* Nick Hancock
* Lady Victoria Hervey
* Dom Joly
* Jewel Kilcher
* Beenie Man
* Meat Loaf
* Dannii Minogue
* James Nesbitt
* Ardal O'Hanlon
* Jack Osbourne
* Tara Palmer-Tomkinson
* Nina Persson
* David Sneddon
* Melanie Blatt
* Jamie Theakston
# Paper Giants

Paper Giants may refer to the following:
* Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo, a 2011 Australian two part television miniseries about the beginning of Cleo magazine
* Paper Giants: Magazine Wars, a 2013 sequel miniseries
# Francisco Sanz Fernández

Francisco Sanz Fernández (Valencia, Spain, 1952) is a Spanish politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Married, with two children, Sanz gained a Doctorate in Engineering. He joined the PSOE in 1976 and in 1977 stood in the first democratic elections as a candidate for the Spanish Congress of Deputies in Valencia Province but was unsuccessful at the first attempt. Between 1978 and 1979 he worked in the pre-autonomous government of the Valencian Community which supervised the region in preparation for the granting of full devolution of powers.
In 1979 he was elected to the Spanish Congress representing Valencia Province and was re-elected in 1982 and 1986. However, on the latter occasion he resigned one year later after being elected to the European Parliament in the 1987 elections. He remained an MEP until 1999. Subsequently, he has represented the PSOE in various roles in the Valencian Community and from 2004 to 2005 was Rector of the University of Valencia.
# Thomas Bensley

Thomas Bensley (1759–1835) was an English printer known for fine work, and as a collaborator of Friedrich Koenig. He was an innovator in the fields of steam-powered printing presses, and lithography for book illustration.

## Life

Bensley, the son of a printer in The Strand, had printing premises at Bolt Court, off Fleet Street in London, and William Bulmer was considered his only rival in fine printing. In a preface Bensley complains of a fire which had destroyed his premises, with much of his stock; he was burned out on two separate occasions, in 1807 and 1819.
Works from the press included Thomas Macklin's folio Bible in seven volumes (1800), an edition of David Hume's History of England, and an octavo Shakespeare. A trustee of Providence Chapel, in Gray's Inn Lane, Bensley supported the ministry of William Huntington; and helped to raise the monument by Sir Richard Westmacott on the death of Huntington in 1813. He printed The Posthumous Letters of William Huntington (1822), which he also edited in part.

## Development of the press

Friedrich Koenig came to London from Saxony in 1806, with a design for the powered "Suhl press". Bensley took up the innovation, and formed a consortium with Richard Taylor and George Woodfall to monopolise it. Working with Andreas Friedrich Bauer, Koenig took out a patent in 1810, and built a working machine for Bensley in 1811. Over the next few years, development work produced a steam-driven press adapted to printing newspapers, rather than books as initially, and it was used for The Times of London. The working relationship of Bensley and Koenig broke down by 1817, however, as Bensley enforced his shareholding rights.
# Navios Maritime Holdings

Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. (short name: Navios) is a multinational, vertically integrated seaborne shipping and logistics company focused on the transport and transshipment of drybulk commodities including iron ore, coal and grain.
On December 14, 2023, it was announced that N Logistics Holdings Corp. completed the acquisition of the company.

## Overview

Navios was created in 1954 by US Steel to transport iron ore to the US and Europe. Since then, it has diversified geographically and expanded the scope of its business activities such that Navios currently controls 49 vessels totaling approximately 5.1 million deadweight tons.
With several offices around the world, it is a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NYSE: NM”.

## History

Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. was founded in 1954 as a shipping division of US Steel. Its initial purpose was to transport iron ore to the US from various locations around the world. After the corporation's restructuring, the firm was privatized and started operating independently in the shipping market.
Over the years, it expanded its operations and established itself as a leading player in the global shipping industry. Navios Maritime maintains offices in Piraeus (Greece), New York City (USA), Montevideo (Uruguay), Antwerp (Belgium), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Asuncion (Paraguay).
As a total, Navios Group controls 99 vessels (owned and long term charted-in) and about 10.7 million deadweight tons (70 dry bulk vessels = 7.4 million dwt and 29 tanker vessels = 3.3 million dwt).

## Subsidiaries

The Navios Group of companies includes:
* Navios Maritime Partners, LP: listed on the NYSE under the symbol ‘NYSE: NMM’;
* Navios Maritime Acquisition Corporation: listed on the NYSE under the symbol ‘NYSE: NNA’.
* Navios South American Logistics Inc.: consists of a transshipment port/storage facility in Uruguay, an upriver port facility in Paraguay and a well-established barge and cabotage business for wet and dry products.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 "Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. Q4 2017 Earnings Presentation". navios.com. Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. 2018-02-21. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
* ↑ "Navios Maritime Holdings Inc. Announces Completion of Acquisition by N Logistics Holdings Corporation". GlobeNewswire. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
* ↑ "Navios Maritime Holdings Inc". MarketScreener. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
* ↑ WWS/World Wide Shipping. World Wide Shipping Guide, Incorporated. 2002.
* ↑ "Fleet of Vessels | Navios Maritime Holdings Inc". www.navios.com. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
# United States House Select Committee on the Memorial of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi

The Committee on the Memorial of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi was a select committee of the United States House of Representatives that existed during the 27th Congress.

## History

The select committee was established January 7, 1842, when Representative William M. Gwin of Mississippi presented to the House a memorial from the president, directors, and company of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi in Natchez, Mississippi. The memorial requested relief from Congress, specifically that interest the bank owed to the United States be remitted or forgiven.
The committee terminated April 9, 1842, when it submitted its final report to the House.

## Members

The select committee consisted of five members, and was chaired by William M. Gwin, Democrat of Mississippi. The committee consisted of three Democrats and two Whigs.
| Members | Party | State |
| William M. Gwin, Chairman | Democratic | Mississippi |
| James M. Russell | Whig | Pennsylvania |
| Charles Hudson | Whig | Massachusetts |
| Joshua A. Lowell | Democratic | Maine |
| William O. Butler | Democratic | Kentucky |

## Legislation

Committee Chairman William M. Gwin introduced a private bill, H.R. 345, on April 9, 1842, along with the committee report. The bill authorized the United States Treasury Department to settle with the bank "for the amount of moneys of the United States deposited in said bank" and to remit the interest on those amounts. The bill was referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union.
The Committee of the Whole approved an amended version of the bill on June 25, 1842 This amended bill still provided relief to the bank, but tied the relief to expenses incurred by the bank when it received proceeds on behalf of the United States Government from the sale of lands from the Chickasaw cession in Mississippi and Alabama pursuant to an 1834 treaty between the United States and the Chickasaw Indians. The bill allowed the bank a credit for its expenses equal to the amount of interest on the proceeds then due to the United States.
The Senate approved the amended bill on August 11, and it was enacted August 16, 1842.
# Isthmus Mixe

Isthmus Mixe, called Lowland Mixe in Wichmann (1995), is a Mixe language spoken in Mexico. It is spoken in the villages of Coatlán San José el Paraíso, Mazatlán, Guichicovi, and Camotlán, Oaxaca.

## Grammar

Isthmus Mixe is SOV word order. It contains prepositions and postpositions, genitives and demonstratives before noun heads, and relative clauses after the head. Isthmus Mixe is usually categorized as agglutinating.

## Phonology

Consonants of Isthmus Mixe :
| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | m | n | | | |
| Plosive | p | t | | k | ʔ |
| Affricate | | t͡s | | | |
| Fricative | | | ʃ | | h |
| Glide | w | | j | | |
Dieterman believes every consonant may be modified by the addition of secondary palatalization.
Vowels of Isthmus Mixe :
| | Front (unrounded) | Central (unrounded) | Back (rounded) |
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | | o |
| Open | | a | |
# Public Finance Management Act, 1999

The Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (PFMA; Act No. 1 of 1999) is the primary public finance management law in South Africa. It delineates standards for expenditure, accounting, and reporting for public entities. Its scope is generally limited to entities of national and provincial governments. A piece of framework legislation, its implementation is governed by regulations and directives produced by the National Treasury.
The act was drafted by the first post-apartheid government to modernise public finance management standards and comply with Section 216 of the Constitution of 1996. It replaced and superseded various pieces of apartheid-era legislation subsidiary to the Exchequer Act, 1975. In particular, the new public finance management framework was viewed as a necessary complement to the service-delivery focus of the Reconstruction and Development Programme, given that previous legislation focused on expenditure control to the detriment of reporting and accounting on the basis of non-financial service-delivery outputs. The act has been viewed as inspired by the New Public Management paradigm.
Since its commencement in April 2000, the PFMA has been amended several times, notably by the Public Finance Management Amendment Act, No. 29 of 1999.

## Purpose

The objects of the act are:
   * to regulate financial management in the national government;
   * to ensure that all revenue, expenditure, assets and liabilities of that government are managed efficiently and effectively;
   * to provide for the responsibilities of persons entrusted with financial management in that government; and
   * to provide for matters connected therewith.