OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The White Circle

The White Circle is a lost 1920 American silent adventure drama film directed by Maurice Tourneur and written by John Gilbert and Jules Furthman. The film stars Spottiswoode Aitken, Janice Wilson, Harry Northrup, John Gilbert, Wesley Barry, and Jack McDonald. It is based on the short story "The Pavilion on the Links" by Robert Louis Stevenson. The film was released on August 22, 1920, by Paramount Pictures.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Frank Cassilis (Gilbert), a wanderer, returns once each year to a spot on the bleak Scottish coast to fulfill his word of honor to his archenemy Northmour (Northrup), a wealthy soldier of fortune in whose hands hang his life. During the visit in 1860 during the night Northmour lands from his yacht in company with Bernard Huddlestone (Aitken), a London banker fleeing from the danger of the Society of Carbonari, formed of Italians in London. The white circle is the warning mark used by this society. Huddlestone has misused funds entrusted to him by the society and lost them in speculation, so he has bargained away his daughter Clara (Wilson) to Northmour for his protection. Accompanying them on this night, she finds love when she sees Cassilis. Later, following the death of Huddlestone and the burning of Northmour's great home on the Scottish shore by the Italians, the worth of Northmour's reputed character is revealed when he leaves the young woman with Cassilis and spares the latter's life.

## Cast

* Spottiswoode Aitken as Bernard Huddlestone
* Janice Wilson as Clara Huddlestone
* Harry Northrup as Northmour (credited as Harry S. Northrup)
* John Gilbert as Frank Cassilis (credited as Jack Gilbert)
* Wesley Barry as Ferd
* Jack McDonald as Gregorio
# Gures

Gures may refer to:
* Gurez, a region in Kashmir
* Güreş, Polatlı, a village in Ankara Province, Turkey
* Güreş, a Turkish surname
** Doğan Güreş (1926–2014), Turkish general and politician
** Nihal Güres (born 1962), Turkish artists
** Nilbar Güreş (born 1977), Turkish artist based in Austria
# Muscarella cabellensis

Muscarella cabellensis is a species of orchid plant native to Mexico.
# Ardisia solanacea

Ardisia solanacea, called shoebutton ardisia in English, is a species of the genus Ardisia in family Primulaceae (subfamily Myrsinoideae).

## Description

Ardisia solanacea is a 1.5 to 6 meters high evergreen shrub or small tree. The thick branches are usually colored red. The bark is smooth and brown. The glabrous leaves are inversely lanceolate, obovate-elliptical or elongated, they are 7.5 to 17 cm long and 2.5 to 7 cm wide. Towards the front, they are pointed or blunt short, they are narrowed down to a pointed base. The veining is slightly reticulated and after drying translucently dotted.
The inflorescences are in axillary, corymb-like racemes, shorter than the leaves, and are up to 3 (rarely up to 6.5) cm long. The pedicels are 1 to 3 cm long. The sepals have a length of 2 to 4 mm and are separate from each other. They are depressed ovate, almost circular or kidney-shaped, dotted and ciliated. The petal is pale mauve to dark pink, the corolla lobe is ovate-elliptical or elongated elliptical, asymmetrical, dotted with small scattered glands.
The 8 mm long and 11 mm wide berries are depressed-globose, first pink, then black. They contain one seed. They are supported on persistent sepals. The juice is purple, and the flesh is white.

## Status

Ardisia solanacea and Ardisia humilis are considered to be included in the single variable species Ardisia elliptica by some botanists.

## Distribution

Ardisia solanacea is native to Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia and West China. It grows in moist ravines and in the understorey of evergreen to semi-evergreen forests. In the Himalayas it grows at altitudes of 200–1100 m.

## Invasive species

It is cultivated in gardens in tropical countries for its evergreen habit and showy pink flowers. It has become an invasive species in Puerto Rico, tropical Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory), Florida in the USA, the Caribbean, the Mascarene Islands, the Seychelles, and on several Pacific islands such as Hawaii.

## Sources

* Henri Alain Liogier. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjancent Islands, Spermatophyta, Volume IV: Melastomataceae to Lentibulariaceae. Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1995, ISBN 0-8477-2337-2.
* M.D. Dassanayake and W.D. Clayton, editors. A Revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Volume 13, Rotterdam, 1999 pp. 140–141.
* “"Shoebutton Ardisia", Flowers of India Website at http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Shoebutton%20Ardisia.html (retrieved 27.2.2013)
* "Ardisia solanacea Roxb. – MYRSINACEAE" at Biotik.org, at https://web.archive.org/web/20100725113415/http://www.biotik.org/india/species/a/ardisola/ardisola_en.html (retrieved 27.2.2013)
# Human Harvest

Human Harvest may refer to:
* Human Harvest (album), a 2003 album by Circle of Dead Children
* Bats: Human Harvest, a 2007 Sci-Fi Channel original film
* Human Harvest (film), a 2014 documentary film about human organs harvesting and trafficking in China
# Jalshara

Jalsara is a village in the Ghatal CD block in the Ghatal subdivision of the Paschim Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India.

## Geography
### Area overview

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, scholar, social reformer and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance, was born at Birsingha on 26 September 1820.
Ghatal subdivision, shown in the map alongside, has alluvial soils. Around 85% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once. It has a density of population of 1,099 per km$^2$, but being a small subdivision only a little over a fifth of the people in the district reside in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Jalsara had a total population of 2,183, of which 1,118 (51%) were males and 1,065 (49%) were females. There were 252 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Jalshhara was 1,378 (71.36% of the population over 6 years).

## Education

Jalsara R.K.High School is a Bengali-medium coeducational institution established in 1960. The school has facilities for teaching from class V to class XII. It has a library with 135 books, 9 computers and a playground.

## Culture

David J. McCutchion mentions the Siva temple at Jalsara as a high-towered baro-chala with ratha projections. It is largely plain and measures 13’ square.

## Jalsara picture gallery

* Baro-chala Buro Shiva temple
* Buro Shiva temple
# Leandro Díaz

Leandro Díaz may refer to:
* Leandro Díaz (composer) (1928–2013), Colombian vallenato music composer
* Leandro Díaz (footballer, born 1986), Argentine footballer
* Leandro Díaz (footballer, born 1990), Uruguayan footballer
* Leandro Díaz (footballer, born 1992), Argentine footballer
* Leandro Díaz (footballer, born 1999), Chilean footballer
* Leandro Díaz (TV series), a Colombian television series on the life of composer Leandro Díaz.
# Antiochus of Sulcis

Antiochus of Sulcis (died c. 127 AD) was an early Christian martyr of Sardinia. The island and town of Sant'Antioco are named after him.

## History and legend

Antiochus is a figure associated with the Sardinian mines from which the Romans extracted minerals and precious metals; the Romans condemned prisoners of war and Christians to work these mines.
His legend states that he was a physician during the reign of Hadrian. He had converted many people in Cappadocia and Galatia to the Christian religion, and was therefore tortured and sent into exile by the authorities. Antiochus was condemned to work the mines on the island that now bears his name. The island, inhospitable and isolated during this period, was named Plumbaria at the time, after its source of lead (plumbum). Antiochus, however, converted his jailer Cyriacus in Sardinia, and had built a small underground oratory on Plumbaria, and was thus condemned to death there.

## Veneration

Some sources state that he was martyred with Cyriacus at Sebaste rather than at Sardinia. The Martyrologium Romanum places the martyrdom "around the 4th century". The church in the island capital Sant'Antioco, named after Antiochus, was dedicated to him in the 5th century; Antiochus' tomb was in the catacomb beneath it.
# Amber Marshall

Amber Marshall may refer to:
* Amber Marshall (actress) (born 1988), Canadian actress, singer, and equestrian
* Amber Marshall (soccer) (born 1999), American soccer player
* Amber Marshall (tennis) (born 2001), Australian tennis player
# Lawrence, Washington

Lawrence is an unincorporated community in Whatcom County, in the U.S. state of Washington.

## History

A post office called Lawrence was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1931. The community derives its name from Laura Blankenship, the daughter of a local businessman.
# The Peloponnesian War (wargame)

The Peloponnesian War is a board wargame published by Simulations Canada (SimCan) in 1977 that simulates the 5th century BCE war between the Greek cities of Athens and Sparta.

## Background

Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, especially Sparta, flared into war in 431 BCE, and did not end until 404 BCE.

## Description

The Peloponnesian War is a two-player board wargame where one player controls the forces of Athens, and the other the Spartan forces. Although the game has a 22" x 28" hex grid map, only 270 counters, and rules characterized as "simplistic", it is a long game, estimated at 8 or more hours. Much of the strategy concerns logistics, including troop mobilization and funding. Troop supply also must be maintained by controlling cities and naval supply lanes. Each turn in the game represents one year, and the game ends after 27 turns. There are also rules for a three-player game, where the third player controls the Peloponnesian states other than Sparta.

## Publication history

In the mid-1970s, Stephen Newberg was working on his Master's thesis in ancient history while in the Canadian Armed Forces. He designed The Peloponnesian War as an outgrowth of his scholarly work, later commenting, "Athens and Sparta, at first glance, display the classic confrontation between a democracy and a dictatorship, a seapower and a land power. An ideal, and often-touted direct analogy to the modern standoff between the United States and Soviet Russia during the Cold War."
Newberg found Simulations Canada in 1977 to publish The Peloponnesian War as a ziplock bag game. Five years later, a second edition with new counters and revised rules was published as a boxed set.

## Reception

In Issue 10 of Fire & Movement, Bill Haggart commented "[Game designer] Newberg knows the history of the Greek Wars and has done some interesting things simulating it." However Haggart found both pros and cons to the game, saying, "I found PW to be interesting, colorful (in the historic sense as well), long and exhausting."
Game designer Richard Berg found the game to be of "Moderate complexity, fairly long."
In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman did not like the 1st edition components, finding the counters "garish, and hard to read" and commenting that the map colors "could induce nausea in a veteran nurse." He also had issues with the rules, calling the many typographical errors "careless design work — hardly a recommendation for a fun evening." He concluded by giving the game an Overall Evaluation of only "Fair", saying, "The game's designer does have, in general terms, a vague handle on the feel of the war, but the subject deserves better."
In Issue 10 of Simulacrum, Steve Carey noted that "The 2nd edition corrects some of the flaws from the 1st edition -- gone are the gaudy, hard to read counters, the rules are more streamlined, and certain odd situations are rectified."

## Other reviews and commentary

* The Wargamer Vol.1 #29
* Paper Wars #107
* Slingshot #83
# Codonopsis pilosula

Codonopsis pilosula, also known as Dangshen (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: Dǎngshēn), is a perennial species of flowering plant in the bellflower family. It is native to Asia, where it grows in forests, meadows, and scrub.

## Description

The plant produces twining stems up to 2 m (6.6 ft) long. It has lateral branches with alternately arranged leaves and small branchlets with oppositely arranged leaves. The ovate leaves are up to 7.3 cm (3 in) centimeters long and are usually coated with short hairs. Solitary flowers occur at the branch tips. The bell-shaped flower is about 2 cm (0.8 in) long and wide and is yellow-green with purple spots inside. The fruit capsule is up to 2.4 cm (0.9 in) long.

## Uses
### Traditional

The roots of C. pilosula are used in traditional Chinese medicine. They are carrot-shaped or cylindrical, sometimes branched, and up to 30 cm (12 in) long by 3 cm (1.2 in) wide. They are a constituent of Radix Codonopsis, a mixture used in herbal medicine.

### Medicinal

The traditional medicinal use of Dangshen has inspired medical studies investigating the root's capabilities to treat cardiovascular, pulmonary and digestive conditions. Research into the effect of Condonopsis pilosula extract on gastric ulcers in rats showed a reduction in gastric acid production and severity of stress-induced ulcers.

## Phytochemicals

Codonopsis pilosula contains the beta-carboline based compound Perlolyrine.

## Subspecies

There are 3 subspecies:
* Codonopsis pilosula subsp. handeliana (Chinese: 闪毛党参; pinyin: shǎnmáo Dǎngshēn)
* Codonopsis pilosula subsp. pilosula (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: Dǎngshēn)
* Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen (Chinese: 川党参; pinyin: Chuān Dǎngshēn) - widely cultivated
# Peter Waterhouse

Peter Waterhouse may refer to:
* Peter Waterhouse (writer) (born 1956), Austrian writer and translator
* Peter Waterhouse (scientist), Australian plant scientist
* Peter Waterhouse (military officer) (1779-1823), British military officer
# Tete veld aethomys

The Tete veld aethomys or Tete veld rat (Aethomys ineptus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in South Africa and Eswatini. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, shrubland, and grassland. The common name refers to the type locality, Tete, on the Zambesi River.

## Description

The Tete veld rat is moderately sized, with a head-body length of 12 to 18 cm (4.7 to 7.1 in), an almost hairless tail measuring 14 to 17 cm (5.5 to 6.7 in), and a weight of 65 to 107 g (2.3 to 3.8 oz). The fur is reddish-brown over most of the body, but ticked with blackish hairs, giving an overall shade varying from brown to cinnamon. The underparts are white or very pale grey, with the fur being sharply demarcated from that on the rest of the body.
Tete veld rats are physically indistinguishable from the closely related red rock rats, and were thought to represent a subspecies of the latter until as recently as 1998. In that year, genetic analysis revealed that the two species were distinct, making the Tete veld rat an example of a cryptic species. Other than analysis of chromosomes or mitochondrial DNA, the two species can only be reliably distinguished by the shape of their spermatozoa, which have an unusual spatulated shape in Tete veld rats.

## Distribution and habitat

Because of the extreme physical similarity between Tete veld rats and red rock rats, the exact range of the latter is unclear, and some areas may exist where both species are found together. However, the current best estimate suggests that Tete veld rats are found in Eswatini and northeastern South Africa, where they are found in the North West, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, and the northern part of Free State province. They may also be found in some neighbouring regions of Mozambique and Botswana, although this has yet to be confirmed. They prefer environments with substantial cover, whether from low-lying vegetation or rocky outcrops. While they are typically found at elevations of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft), they can also be found at much lower altitudes, including coastal forests near Durban.
Although up to eight subspecies have previously been recognised, some evidence indicates a gradual clinal change in physical features with latitude, meaning these subspecies may not be distinct and that the Tete veld rat is monotypic.

## Biology and behaviour

Tete veld rats are nocturnal and primarily herbivorous, feeding on a mix of vegetation, especially including seeds, although insects form up to 9% of their diet. Individuals inhabit nonexclusive home ranges between 1,500 and 3,000 m$^2$ (16,000 and 32,000 sq ft), and the population density is relatively low, typically less than 18/ha (7.3/acre). It has been reported to be semi-arboreal in habits.
The rats breed in the summer and autumn, and may give birth to up to two litters a year. Litters consist of up to three young. Based on the relatively small size of the male's testes, they have been suggested to be monogamous, with little competition between males.
# Le Journal de la Haute-Marne

Le Journal de la Haute-Marne (JHM) (French pronunciation:; lit. 'The newspaper of Haute-Marne') is a French daily newspaper published in the Haute-Marne department of France. It had a total circulation of 16,462 in 2023.

## History
### A 19th-Century newspaper

Le Journal de la Haute-Marne was launched in 1807 and printed in Chaumont. It was almost entirely written by the lawyer Jean-Joseph Pothier. After his death, in 1810, his son and business partners disputed the ownership of the newspaper. During the July Monarchy, it merged with L'Écho de la Haute-Marne, and was published under that name until 1906.

### From La Haute-Marne Libérée to a press group

At the time of the liberation of France, in September 1944, Gilbert Bletner founded a new newspaper under the name of La Haute-Marne Libérée.
In 1968, La Haute-Marne Libérée associates with L'Est Républicain, a newspaper from Nancy, under an economic interest group. The two newspapers were kept separately, although they were printed at the same place. They mostly shared the same content, apart from the local news pages. At the time, over 20 journalists worked for the two newspapers
La Haute-Marne Libérée became le Journal de la Haute-Marne in 1993 under the guidance of the founder's son, Jean Bletner, who had been managing the company since the 1960s.
In the 1990s, the Est Républicain group, owner of le Journal de la Haute-Marne was one of the twelve biggest regional newspaper group in France.
In the 2000s the Est Républicain group was purchased by the press group EBRA, led by the Crédit Mutuel. From then on, Le Journal de la Haute-Marne was integrated in one of France's biggest press group.

### The web shift

In the early 2010s le Journal de la Haute-Marne became one of the pioneers of the advantages of the internet to the press.
At the same time, le Journal de la Haute-Marne got involved in social medias, especially Facebook and to a lesser extent on Twitter. In 2011, it ranked among the emerging titles in terms of interaction with web users, and added value on social networks for website linking.
This daily newspaper has over a hundred employees, thirty journalists, a network of 300 correspondents, 320 salespersons and 150 distributors. Former news editor Jean Bletner died on 31 July 2018.

## Local agencies

* Chaumont
* Saint-Dizier
* Langres
# Spencer Dickinson

Spencer Dickinson may refer to:
* Spencer Dickinson (music project), blues project made of Jon Spencer and Luther Dickinson active in the early 2000s (decade)
* Spencer Dickinson (politician) (born 1943), American legislator from the state of Rhode Island
# Antiochus und Stratonica

Antiochus und Stratonica also titled L’amore ammalato, is a 1708 opera by Christoph Graupner for Hamburg's Oper am Gänsemarkt to a mixed German-Italian libretto by Barthold Feind [de]; recitative's are in German and arias are sung in German and Italian, with French-style entrées.

## Cast

* Demetrius, tenor
* Antiochus, baritone
* Stratonica, soprano
* Seleucus, bass
* Negrodorus, tenor
* Hesychius / Erasistratus, priest superior / royal physician, baritone
* Flavia, soprano
* Medor, soprano
* Ellenia, soprano
* Mirtenia, soprano

## Recording

Antiochus und Stratonica, Boston Early Music Festival Orchestra, Capella Ansgarii, Robert Mealy, conductor, CPO 3CD
# Amber Mafia

The Amber mafia is the criminal network in north-west Ukraine composed of those who illegally dig up amber on government land and smuggle it out for sale on the black market with the aid of armed gangs and corrupt politicians.
300 officers searched 123 homes in 2016 for amber.
Volodymyr Zelenskyy in 2019 requested three organizations (the SBI, Security Service and National Police) to deliver reports on the clandestine amber operation.
# Sonha station

Sonha station is a railway station located in Kaesŏng-t'ŭkkŭpsi, North Hwanghae province, North Korea. It is on located on the P'yŏngbu Line, which was formed from part of the Kyŏngŭi Line to accommodate the shift of the capital from Seoul to P'yŏngyang; though this line physically connects P'yŏngyang to Pusan via Dorasan, in operational reality it ends at Kaesŏng due to the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

## History

The station was originally opened by the Chosen Government Railway on 3 April 1906, but was closed after the Korean War. The station, as well as the disused section from Kaesŏng across the DMZ to Dorasan, was rebuilt in 2003, and a special train inaugurating the reopened line ran on 17 May 2007. Regular freight service began between Dorasan and the Kaesŏng Industrial Region, and although passenger service for South Korean workers exists between Dorasan and the Kaesŏng Industrial Area, apart from the inaugural special train, there has been no passenger service to Sonha station. The freight and passenger services have been interrupted several times as a result of political events between North and South that have caused the closure of the industrial district; it was most recently reopened on 16 September 2013 after a five-month shutdown.