OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Claisen–Schmidt condensation

In organic chemistry, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation is the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone having an α-hydrogen with an aromatic carbonyl compound lacking an α-hydrogen. It can be considered as a specific variation of the aldol condensation. This reaction is named after two of its pioneering investigators Rainer Ludwig Claisen and J. Gustav Schmidt, who independently published on this topic in 1880 and 1881. An example is the synthesis of dibenzylideneacetone ((1E, 4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one).
Quantitative yields in Claisen–Schmidt reactions have been reported in the absence of solvent using sodium hydroxide as the base and plus benzaldehydes. Because the enolizable nucleophilic carbonyl compound and the electrophilic carbonyl compound are two different chemicals, the Claisen–Schmidt reaction is an example of a crossed aldol process.
# Paranarsia

Paranarsia joannisiella is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is the only species in the genus Paranarsia. It is found in Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy and Slovenia.
The wingspan is about 12 mm.
The larvae possibly feed on Poaceae species.
# Swindon Law Courts

Swindon Law Courts, also known as Swindon Combined Court Centre, is a Crown Court venue which deals with criminal cases, as well as a County Court venue, which deals with civil cases, in Islington Street, Swindon, England.

## History

For much of the 19th century, petty session hearings in Swindon were held in the Goddard Arms on the High Street, then, after it opened in the mid-1850s, in the Old Town Hall, and then, after it opened in 1891, in the New Town Hall. The lack of dedicated judicial facilities was temporarily resolved when the new Courts of Justice (now referred to as Swindon Magistrates' Court), designed by the borough architect, were opened in Princes Street on 21 April 1965.
However, as the number of court cases in Swindon grew, it became necessary to commission dedicated facilities for both Crown Court hearings, which require courtrooms suitable for trial by jury, and for County Court hearings. The site selected, on the west side of Islington Street, had previously been occupied by a row of terraced houses.
The new building was designed by the Property Services Agency in the Modernist style, built in red brick at a cost of £2.4 million, and was opened in 1985. The design involved an asymmetrical main frontage at the corner of Islington Street and Gordon Gardens. The corner of the building was recessed to create pedestrian access to the building and space for a flower bed and trees, and involved a section which was canted across the central part of the recess. There was a blind wall in the central bay to which a Royal coat of arms was fixed. The bays on either side of the central bay were glazed at ground floor level, with the glazed bay to the right forming the main entrance. The building was fenestrated by two square casement windows to the right of the entrance and by four square casement windows on the first floor. Internally, the building was laid out to accommodate seven courtrooms.
Notable cases have included the trial and conviction of Damien Bendall, in June 2021, for arson, for which he received a suspended sentence. He went on to murder his partner, Terri Harris, and her three children, using a claw hammer.
# Stylidium confertum

Stylidium confertum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). The specific epithet confertum refers to this species' crowded cluster of leaves at the base of the stem. It is an annual plant that grows from 6 to 21 cm tall. Linear or deltate leaves, about 15–100 per plant, are scattered along the elongate, glabrous stem. The leaves are generally 1.5–4 mm long and 0.2–0.7 mm wide. Petioles and scapes are absent. Inflorescences are 3–13 cm long. Flowers are white and bloom from April to May. S. confertum is only known from a couple populations in the wet tropic of northern Queensland from Tully and Cooktown. Its habitat is recorded as being damp, rocky creekbanks or open rock faces that are dominated by mosses and other species such as Micraira subulifolia and grow at altitudes from 100 to 880 metres. S. confertum is most closely related to S. fissilobum but differs mostly in the amount of leaves present at the base of the stem and corolla shape and size. Its conservation status has been assessed as data deficient.
# Stylidium candelabrum

Stylidium candelabrum is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). It is an erect annual plant that grows from 6 to 20 cm tall. Elliptical leaves, about 11-100 per plant, are scattered along the stem. The leaves are generally 2.5–18 mm long and 1.5–9 mm wide. This species generally has 1-13 scapes and cymose inflorescences that are 3–16 cm long. Flowers are white. S. candelabrum is endemic to the northernmost area of the Northern Territory in Australia and much of its range is within a national park and therefore has been evaluated to be neither rare nor threatened. Its typical habitat is shallow sand associated with sandstone pavements and it appears to prefer areas with higher rainfall. It flowers in the southern hemisphere from March to July. Its conservation status has been assessed as secure.
# Stylidium cordifolium

Stylidium cordifolium is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus Stylidium (family Stylidiaceae). It is an erect annual plant that grows from 15 to 45 cm tall. Obovate or orbicular leaves, about 8-40 per plant, are scattered along the stems. The leaves are generally 3.5–8 mm long and about as wide. This species lacks a scape but has cymose inflorescences that are 4–13 cm long. Flowers are pink or red. S. cordifolium is found throughout tropical Australia, including northern Western Australia, in its typical habitat of swamp margins or moist sandy creekbanks. It flowers in the southern hemisphere from March to August. S. cordifolium is most closely related to S. javanicum, which has smaller leaves, sepals, capsules, and seeds. S. javanicum and S. cordifolium also differ in their distribution with S. javanicum's range not extending to Australia. Its conservation status has been assessed as data deficient.
# Kamangar (surname)

Kamangar (Persian: کمانگر) is an Iranian surname that may refer to the following notable people:
* Farzad Kamangar (c.1978–2010), Iranian Kurdish teacher
* Salar Kamangar (born 1977), Iranian-American senior executive at Google
* Sedigh Kamangar (1946–1989), Iranian Kurdish politician
* Tara Kamangar, American classical pianist and composer
# Samuel Goodman (rugby union)

Samuel Goodman was an American rugby union player and manager. In the 1920, and 1924 Summer Olympics, he managed the American Olympic rugby team, which won gold at both events.
# Indarbela tetraonis

Indarbela tetraonis is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in India.
# An act to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

The bill H.R. 45 (H.R. 45) (long title: To repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and health care-related provisions in the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010) is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives in the 113th United States Congress. If enacted, the bill would repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, commonly referred to as Obamacare.

## Provisions/Elements of the bill

This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.
H.R. 45 would repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 111–148 (text) (PDF)), effective as of its enactment. H.R. 45 would restore the provisions of law that had been amended by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
The bill would also repeal the health care provisions of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 111–152 (text) (PDF), 124 Stat. 1029), effective as of the Act's enactment. It would restore provisions of law amended by the Health Care and Education and Reconciliation Act of 2010's health care provisions.

## Procedural history

The bill H.R. 45 was introduced into the House by Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-MN) on January 3, 2013. It was referred to multiple House committees and subcommittees, including the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce, the United States House Energy Subcommittee on Health, the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, the United States House Education Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions, the United States House Committee on Ways and Means, the United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Health, the United States House Committee on the Judiciary, the United States House Committee on Natural Resources, the United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs, the United States House Committee on Rules, the United States House Committee on House Administration, the United States House Committee on the Budget, and the United States House Committee on Appropriations.
The House Majority Leader Eric Cantor announced on Friday May 10, 2013 that H.R. 1580 would be considered the following week.
As of May 15, 2013, H.R. 45 had 123 co-sponsors, all of them Republicans.
# Samuel Thomas Champnes

Samuel Thomas Champnes (died 1803) was the first person to sing "Heart of Oak" in Harlequin's Invasion at the Garrick Theatre in Drury lane. A former Westminster Chorister, probably owing to his maternal grandfather being John Weldon an apprentice to Purcell and a Royal Organist at St George's Chapel. (This connection was made using John's will.) Champnes went on to be one of Handel's soloists.
According to Peter Ward Jones, music librarian of the Bodleian Library, "Champness had sung in Handel performances as a boy treble in the 1740s (according to the article on him in the Biographical Dictionary of Actors ), and Handel had apparently written several arias for the part of the young Benjamin in his oratorio Joseph and his Brethren for Champness in 1744, and he may well have sung in the choruses of Messiah as a boy."
# Strength of Stones

Strength of Stones is a 1981 science fiction novel by American writer Greg Bear.

## Plot summary

The novel is set in a far future where cities are completely automated including the ability to move themselves. At some point in the past the cities decided that humans were not required, or wanted, and banished them, leaving their former populations to live in the wilderness. Humans see the cities as a kind of Eden, a paradise they've been expelled from. Over time, some have chosen to reject that banishment and have attempted to plunder the cities. The cities themselves also appear to be failing, perhaps because they lack an enduring purpose with no population to protect. One city has uniquely allowed a human to live inside it.
# San Antonio 1972 chess tournament

The San Antonio Church's Fried Chicken Inc. First International Chess Tournament was a chess competition held in San Antonio, Texas, from November 19 to December 11, 1972. Sponsored by fast food franchise Church's Chicken as a marketing strategy to promote the company and an attempt to capitalize on the rise of the game's popularity in the U.S, the tournament was regarded at the time the strongest chess tournament held in the country since 1924. The list of players invited included famous names like former world champion Tigran Petrosian, regular contenders to the world crown Svetozar Gligoric, Paul Keres and Bent Larsen, and some promising stars, among them Brazilian Henrique da Costa Mecking and future world champion Anatoly Karpov.

## List of participants

* Walter Browne
* Donald Byrne
* Mario Campos-Lopez
* Larry Evans
* Svetozar Gligoric
* Vlastimil Hort
* Julio Kaplan
* Paul Keres
* Anatoly Karpov
* Bent Larsen
* Henrique Mecking
* Tigran Petrosian
* Lajos Portisch
* Anthony Saidy
* Kenneth Smith
* Duncan Suttles, whose result earned him his final grandmaster norm

## The tournament

As a Category XII event (average rating of 2539), the San Antonio Church's Fried Chicken Inc. First International Chess Tournament was strong enough to be regarded at the time the most important chess competition to be held on American soil since New York 1924. Newly-crowned world champion Bobby Fischer and former champion Boris Spassky were also invited, but declined.
The competition was held at the Hilton Palacio del Rio, where the players also stayed. An open tournament was held alongside the main event, attracting 113 players. Harry Golombek was the tournament director.
The three-way tie for first place among Petrosian, Portisch and Karpov (all with 10½ /15), confirmed the pre-tournament prediction for Petrosian, Portisch's status as a top 10 player, and the arrival of Karpov at the elite level.
# Ammonium molybdate

Ammonium molybdate can refer to:
* Ammonium orthomolybdate, (NH$_4$)$_2$MoO$_4$
* Ammonium heptamolybdate, (NH$_4$)$_6$Mo$_7$O$_{24}$, usually encountered as the tetrahydrate
* Ammonium phosphomolybdate, (NH$_4$)$_3$PMo$_{12}$O$_{40}$
* Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, (NH$_4$)$_2$MoS$_4$ this chemical is used for analysis of chloride in a solution
# Ammonium malate

Ammonium malate refers to organic compounds containing malate and ammonium. Two stoichiometries are discussed: NH$_4$H(C$_2$H$_3$OH(CO$_2$)$_2$) with one ammonium ion per formula unit, and (NH$_4$)$_2$(C$_2$H$_3$OH(CO$_2$)$_2$). Malate, the conjugate base of malic acid, is chiral. Consequently a variety of salts are possible, R vs S vs racemic. The monoammonium salt has been crystallized as the monohydrate.
As a food additive, diammonium malate has been used as flavoring agent and as an acidity regulator. It has the E number E349.
# Inești

Inești is a village in Telenești District, Moldova.
# Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings

The Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP) is a scholarly literature database, established in 1978. It has indexed material pertaining to international conference proceedings titles, locations, and dates. In addition, indexing terms, references, and abstracts contained within the database are searchable items. It appears that ISTP is combined with an index entitled Index to Social Sciences & Humanities Proceedings (ISSHP).

## Content

The subject coverage is life sciences, natural sciences, and applied sciences in the ISTP, ISSHP, and ISTPB databases. Social sciences, beginning in 1998, are found only in the ISTP and ISSHP databases. The sources are listed as conference proceedings, published in: journals, books, and book series. The above databases are listed within superbases known as: XBIOTECH, XMEDALL, XMEDPROD, XPHARMALL, XPSYCH, XTOXLITALL, XVET.
As of December 2008, there are 7,558,203 database records in the combined databases of ISTPB, ISTP, and ISSHP. These are updated weekly.
Searchable data fields are abstracts, book titles (only as far back as 1998), conferences, document type, index terms, section headings, series, title, and uncontrolled term.
# Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals

Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals is a law journal published by the W.S. Hein Company on behalf of the American Association of Law Libraries. The journal was established in 1960 and indexes over 500 legal periodicals and yearbooks, as well as selected articles and book reviews from essay collections and congress reports dealing with public and private international law, comparative law, and the national law of all jurisdictions other than the United States, the United Kingdom, and some other states within the British Commonwealth.
The index is available on HeinOnline.
# Index selection

Index selection is a method of artificial selection in which several useful traits are selected simultaneously. First, each trait that is going to be selected is assigned a weight – the importance of the trait. I.e., if you were selecting for both height and the coat darkness in dogs, if height were the more important of the two one would assign that a higher weighting. For instance, height's weighting could be ten and coat darkness could be one. This weighting value is then multiplied by the observed value in each individual animal and then the score for each of the characteristics is summed for each individual. This result is the index score and can be used to compare the worth of each organism being selected. Therefore, only those with the highest index score are selected for breeding via artificial selection.
This method has advantages over other methods of artificial selection, such as tandem selection, in that you can select for traits simultaneously rather than sequentially. Thereby, no useful traits are being excluded from selection at any one time and so none will stagnate or reverse while you concentrate on improving another property of the organism. However, its major disadvantage is that the weightings assigned to each characteristic are inherently quite hard to calculate precisely and so require some elements of trial and error before they become optimal to the breeder.
The selection index theory is well described in Erling Strandberg and Birgitte Malmfors's notes under the headings Genetic Evaluation. Calculation of a selection index based on actual data can be carried out using an applet made by Knud Christensen. The applet can be found here
# Index – The Swedish Contemporary Art Foundation

Index – The Swedish Contemporary Art Foundation is an art gallery for contemporary art based in Stockholm, Sweden.

## History

Index – The Swedish Contemporary Art Foundation arose out of the Swedish Fotograficentrum Artists' Association, which was founded in 1974 in Stockholm with the aim of creating distribution channels for the photographic art. Fotograficentrum got several local associations in Örebro, Gothenburg, Malmö and Luleå, among others. In the mid-1980s, the Fotograficentrum expanded its activities, in addition to organizing exhibitions and seminars, and started to work as an agency for its members, where they received help in presenting their art in or outside the Fotograficentrum's premises. In the early 1980s, the publication of Bildtidningen was started, which focused on spreading the art of photography as well as criticism and theory.
The Stockholm office was originally located at Malmskillnadsgatan 45 but moved during the 1990s to Sankt Paulsgatan 3 on Södermalm. In the mid-1990s, Fotograficentrum's gallery went under the name Galleri Index. The head of Galleri Index was then Karina Ericsson Wärn. Examples of exhibited artists during this period are Wolfgang Tillmans, Jonathan Monk, Eija-Liisa Ahtila, Kara Walker, Stan Douglas, Pierre Huyghe, Elmgreen & Dragset and Rodney Graham. Young Swedish artists were also presented, such as Annika von Hausswolff, Fia Backström and Maria Lindberg. Many artists had their first major exhibitions at Index.
In 1991 Bildtidningen changed its name to Index-Contemporary Scandinavian Images, and during the 1990s the gallery and magazine shared offices and began to expand their focus from photography to other artistic practices. Among those who worked editorially on the newspaper can be mentioned Sina Najafi, Sara Arrhenius, and Maria Lind. In the late 1990s, the magazine merged with Siksi, another Swedish art magazine, and was named NU-The Nordic Art Review. In 2001, Mats Stjernstedt took over the management and in 2005 the institution moved to Kungsbro strand 19 on Kungsholmen. Together with contemporary artists such as Johanna Billing, Goldin+Senneby, Dora García, Deimantas Narkevicius, Harun Farocki and Claire Fontaine, Index also began to show historical artistry in relation to contemporary art: Bas Jan Ader, Valie Export, Susan Hiller and Adrian Piper. The exhibition hall at Kungsbro Strand is a converted laundry room of 140 square meters. Artists shown in the 2010s and 2020s include Lili Reynaud-Dewar, Stephen Willats, Willem de Rooij, Elizabeth Price, Mette Edvardsen, Pauline Curnier Jardin and Chris Kraus. In 2018, Martí Manen was appointed director.
# San Jacinto National Forest

San Jacinto National Forest was established as the San Jacinto Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in California on February 22, 1897 with 740,000 acres (3,000 km$^2$). After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the entire forest was combined with Trabuco Canyon National Forest to establish Cleveland National Forest, and the name was discontinued.
# Stuart Smith (general)

Major General Stuart Lyle Smith, AO, DSC (born 1 November 1963) is a retired senior officer of the Australian Army. He commanded the 1st Division from October 2012 until November 2015, when he was appointed Deputy Chief of Joint Operations.

## Early life

Smith was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 1 November 1963 and educated at St Paul's College in Adelaide. His father, Bernard Lyle Smith, was a soldier in the Australian Army. In March 1969, Bernard, then an infantry sergeant in the 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, was killed by a mine detonation during his second tour of Vietnam.

## Military career

Smith graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1984. He was appointed Commanding Officer of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, in December 2001 and led the battalion on peacekeeping duties in Timor Leste in 2003. For his "exceptional service" on this deployment, Smith was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 2005. He commanded the 3rd Brigade in Townsville during the period 2009 to 2011 and coordinated the Australian Defence Force Disaster Response to Tropical Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland in February 2011. In 2012 Smith was appointed Commander Joint Task Force 633, responsible for Operation Slipper and Australian forces operating in the Middle East. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in 2013 in recognition of his "distinguished command and leadership in warlike operations" while in this command.
Following his return from the Middle East, Smith assumed command of the 1st Division in October 2012. He led the division for three years and was advanced to Officer of the Order of Australia, before handing over command to Major General Paul McLachlan in November 2015. Smith was subsequently appointed Deputy Chief of Joint Operations.
# Stuart Smith (actor)

Stuart Onslow Smith (born 6 February 1959) is an English actor from Winchester, Hampshire.
After studying acting and playing a few parts in Sydney, Australia, he moved to Hong Kong and starred in over 20 films in the 1980s, including "ninja" flicks by Godfrey Ho. He also worked extensively as a voice actor, dubbing Chinese films into English.
He is particularly popular among bad film fans due to his starring and co starring roles in IFD and Filmark ninja chop suey films.
He is now an actor and voice over artist based out of Sydney.
# Kamenica (Pale)

Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Каменица) is a village in the municipalities of Pale, Republika Srpska and Pale-Prača, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 2, both Bosniaks living in the Republika Srpska part, thus none in the Pale-Prača part.
# Castro Laboreiro e Lamas de Mouro

Castro Laboreiro e Lamas de Mouro is a civil parish in the municipality of Melgaço, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Castro Laboreiro and Lamas de Mouro. The population in 2011 was 657, in an area of 106.09 km$^2$.
Castro Laboreiro is 1 of 18 parishes of the Melgaço municipality.

## Climate

Climate data for Portelinha, altitude: 1,018 m (3,340 ft) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 306 (12.0) | 266 (10.5) | 209 (8.2) | 166 (6.5) | 157 (6.2) | 79 (3.1) | 37 (1.5) | 53 (2.1) | 111 (4.4) | 214 (8.4) | 277 (10.9) | 312 (12.3) | 2,187 (86.1) |
| Source: Portuguese Environment Agency ||||||||||||||
# Itacolomi letiziae

Itacolomi letiziae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2012.