OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dampiera dentata

Dampiera dentata is a plant in the family Goodeniaceae, native to Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

## Description

Dampiera dentata is a perennial herb growing up to 40 cm, with no surface covering except for the inflorescence. The basal leaves are stalkless (sessile) and conspicuously toothed. The leaf blade is 5-16 cm by 3-15 mm. The flowers are stalkless, and arranged in heads which lengthen into spikes which are up to 15 cm long when in fruit. The sepals are just tufts of silky hairs. The corolla is 5-6 mm long with silky hairs on the outside. The ovary is 2 to 2.5 mm long, and the fruit is ellipsoidal and about 2 mm in diameter. It mainly flowers from September to November.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found in central Western Australia and in the far south-west of the Northern Territory, on screes, and gravels and sandy soils.

## Conservation status

In the Northern Territory it has been classified as "Near threatened".

## Taxonomy & etymology

It was first described by Muhammad Tahir M. Rajput in 1980. The specific epithet, dentata, is a Latin adjective, dentatus, -a, um, meaning "having teeth", "toothed", or "dentate", which is derived from the Latin noun, dens ("tooth").
# Clay Mull

Clay Mull (born September 29, 1979) is an American Olympic speed skater who competed in the team pursuit at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
A 1998 South Point High graduate, first came to prominence as an inline skater as a youth, finishing second in the U.S. Junior Olympic Roller Skating Championships in the 14-15 age group in 1995. He became a speed skater after graduating from high school, and narrowly missed making the U.S. Olympic team in 2002. Mull placed sixth at the 2006 Torino Olympic Games as part of the team pursuit in speed skating.
Personal records :
| Men's speed skating |||||
| Event | Result | Date | Location | Notes |
| 500 m | 37.08 | 2005-01-08 | Salt Lake City, Utah | |
| 1000 m | 1:11.77 | 2005-11-12 | Salt Lake City, Utah | |
| 1500 m | 1:46.27 | 2005-12-30 | Salt Lake City, Utah | |
| 3000 m | 3:46.24 | 2001-11-24 | Calgary | |
| 5000 m | 6:29.61 | 2005-12-28 | Salt Lake City, Utah | |
| 10000 m | 13:56.63 | 2001-12-22 | Salt Lake City, Utah | |
# Niznik

Niznik may refer to:
* Avrohom Dovid Niznik, Canadian rabbi
* Stephanie Niznik, an American actress
* Niznik Island, an island in Antarctica
# Sumkhan Poamsombat

Sumkhan Poamsombat (Thai สุขสยาม ชาญมณีเวช) is a Thai footballer. He plays for Thailand Premier League clubside Samut Songkhram FC.
# Arch Deluxe

The Arch Deluxe was a hamburger sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's in 1996 and marketed specifically to adults. Despite having the largest advertising and promotional budget in fast food history at the time, it was soon discontinued after failing to become popular. It is considered one of the most expensive product flops of all time.

## Product description

The Arch Deluxe was a quarter pound of beef on a split-top potato flour sesame seed bun, topped with a circular piece of peppered bacon, leaf lettuce, tomato, American cheese, onions, ketchup, and Dijonnaise (a portmanteau of Dijon mustard and mayonnaise) sauce.

## History

In response to the demographic trend of longer lifespans and an expanding older market, and to its child-centered image, McDonald's made a conscious decision to attempt to market its food to a more adult audience. Rather than change its existing menu items or marketing strategy, the company decided to create a new line of sandwiches with what would hopefully be perceived as more sophisticated ingredients. It commissioned Executive Chef Andrew Selvaggio to create the Deluxe line of burgers including the Fish Filet Deluxe, Grilled Chicken Deluxe, Crispy Chicken Deluxe, and the flagship Arch Deluxe.
The Arch Deluxe was first tested as a "Taste of the Month" burger in October 1995 at McDonald's restaurants in Canada. Afterwards, the Arch Deluxe was officially released in May 1996 in one of the most expensive advertising campaigns to date. Customers were dissuaded, however, by the high price, which ranged from US$2.09 up to US$2.49 (equivalent to $5 in 2023), and unconventional ads, and consumer groups were upset by the higher caloric content. The brand was still sold at select restaurants during 1998 and 1999. On August 18, 2000, the Arch Deluxe was finally discontinued, and is no longer found at McDonald's stores.
McDonald's is estimated to have spent over US$300 million (equivalent to $583 million in 2023) on the research, production, and marketing for the Arch Deluxe. The company stated in 2003 that some of its initial research into adult marketing was recycled in the development of its successful line of salads.
# HMS Flirt

Six ships of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Flirt:
* Flirt was a ship in service with the navy in 1592.
* HMS Flirt (1782) was a 14-gun brig of 209 tons launched at Dover on 4 March 1782 and sold on 1 December 1795. She then became a whaler in the British southern whale fishery until 1803 when the French privateer François Aregnaudeau in Blonde captured Flirt as she was returning home from a voyage.
* HMS Flirt (1856) was a Cheerful-class wooden screw gunboat launched at Greenhythe on 7 June 1856 and broken up at Haslar in April 1864.
* HMS Flirt (1862) was a gunboat purchased in 1862 for New Zealand service and sold in 1864.
* HMS Flirt (1867) was a composite screw gunboat of 603 tons launched at Devonport on 20 December 1867 and sold in November 1888 for breaking up.
* HMS Flirt (1897) was a C-class destroyer launched at Jarrow on 15 May 1897 and sunk on 27 October 1916 in the Dover Strait.
# Narrabeenia

Narrabeenia is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae, living in Australia and named for Narrabeen, New South Wales.

## Species

The genus contains two species:
* Narrabeenia difficilis (Parent, 1933)
* Narrabeenia spinipes Bickel, 1994
# Kate Louise Brown

Kate Louise Brown (May 8, 1857 – December 31, 1921) was a children's educator and author who wrote 17 works in a total of 41 publications, in addition to poems, songs, and magazine articles. She is best known for the books, The Plant Baby and Its Friends, Little People, Alice and Tom, and Stories in Songs.
Brown was born in Adams, Massachusetts and had her first poem published in print at age 9. She wrote many children's scientific novels, poems, and periodical articles, many of which surround nature and botany themes. For example, her book The Plant Baby and Its Friends, published in 1898, explains botany like the plant is a child. Brown believed in presenting advanced topics to children in an interesting way as a story, not in textbook form.
While she was most famous for her books, Brown also wrote poems for children ("Goddesses", "The Return", "Clappers", "The Christ Clappers") and music for kindergarten marching plays. Her poems were featured in children's textbooks for school.

## Early life

Brown was born in the Berkshire countryside of Massachusetts and grew up spending her time outside, flourishing her love for nature as she studied birds, animals, and plants.
After her first poem was published at 9, she was given an encouraging letter by the publisher to keep writing. This initial success drove her to begin writing plays and stories. She even began a weekly magazine alongside two children whose parents were authors.
As a child, she drew inspiration from "Ode to Evening," by William Collins, "Daffodils," also known as "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud", and "Cynthia" which shaped her future poetry.

## Adult life

Her first novel was a story about southern life and slavery with the main protagonist dying at the end. Her later novels greatly contrast this story as she began writing about educational, religious, and science-based topics.
Brown's adult life consisted of teaching and writing. During the day, she taught in association with famous children's teachers of the 19th century: Elizabeth Peabody and Mary Tyler Peabody Mann. When she wasn't teaching, she wrote novels, poems, articles, and songs. Some of her most popular novels help children interact with science and nature. Alice and Tom is a book of lessons that follows the lives of the two children and the interaction between nature and humans. She also contributed to religious magazines and periodicals. She composed textbooks for children's writing and literature, like The Interstate Second Reader, and A Third Reader
In The Plant Baby and Its Friends, the book is "To Sarah Louise Arnold," a fellow children's writer and grammar teacher, who also was president of the Girl Scouts in 1925. Arnold has "The Little Seed" published in one of her textbooks for teaching grammar and literature. Brown was very active in the educational community, as she was in the Author's Club, and had many connections with famous writers.
# Substructure

Substructure may refer to:
* Substructure (engineering)
* Substructure (mathematics)
* Substructure (marxist theory)
# Nimba United FC

Nimba United Football Club is a football club based in Sanniquellie, Nimba County, Liberia.
Winning the Liberian Premier League title in 2015, they became the first domestic champions not from the capital city since 1963.

## Achievements

* Liberian Premier League: 1
* Liberian First Division League: 1
* Liberian Cup: 0
* Liberian Super Cup: 0
# 52nd Nova Scotia general election

The 52nd Nova Scotia general election may refer to
* the 1978 Nova Scotia general election, the 51st overall general election for Nova Scotia, for the (due to a counting error in 1859) 52nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia, or
* the 1981 Nova Scotia general election, the 52nd overall general election for Nova Scotia, for the 53rd General Assembly of Nova Scotia, but considered the 30th general election for the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
# Patricia Lake (Alberta)

Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.
It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain.

## Project Habbakuk

Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed "Pykrete".
Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be 2,000 feet (600 m) long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale.
Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed.
Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin. As weight increased, the bottom of the "hull" was sawn free from the lake ice and the model floated free. In June the refrigeration was switched off, but the model lasted the whole summer before melting and sinking.
A diving expedition to the site in 1985 found the remains of the model on a steep slope just off-shore at a depth between 26 and 43 metres (85 and 141 ft). Although the refrigeration equipment was removed before sinking, the wooden walls of the hull, an "incredible jumble" of cold air ductwork and also a great quantity of the bitumen used as part of the insulation remained at the site. As of June 26, 2011 only the west wall of the structure remained intact; the rest has fallen to pieces and lies at depths of between 40 and 90 feet (12 and 27 m) in depth. An underwater plaque at the site notes its part in World War II history.
The site continues to be visited by recreational divers. The wreckage has deteriorated in recent years and has suffered from vandalism and graffiti.
# Polyisoprene

Polyisoprene is strictly speaking a collective name for polymers that are produced by polymerization of isoprene. In practice polyisoprene is commonly used to refer to synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, made by the industrial polymerisation of isoprene. Natural forms of polyisoprene are also used in substantial quantities, the most important being "natural rubber" (mostly cis-1,4-polyisoprene), which is derived from the sap of trees. Both synthetic polyisoprene and natural rubber are highly elastic and consequently used to make tires and a variety of other applications.
The trans isomer, which is much harder than the cis isomer, has also seen significant use in the past. It too has been synthesised and extracted from plant sap, the latter resin being known as gutta-percha. These were widely used as an electrical insulator and as components of golf balls. Annual worldwide production of synthetic polyisoprene was 13 million tons in 2007 and 16 million tons in 2020.

## Synthesis

In principle, the polymerization of isoprene can result in four different isomers. The relative amount of each isomer in the polymer is dependent on the mechanism of the polymerization reaction.
Anionic chain polymerization, which is initiated by n-Butyllithium, produces cis-1,4-polyisoprene dominant polyisoprene. 90–92% of repeating units are cis-1,4-, 2–3% trans-1,4- and 6–7% 3,4-units.
Coordinative chain polymerization: With Ziegler–Natta catalyst TiCl$_4$/Al(i-C$_4$H$_9$)$_3$, a more pure cis-1,4-polyisoprene similar to natural rubber is formed. With Ziegler–Natta catalyst VCl$_3$/Al(i-C$_4$H$_9$)$_3$, trans-dominant polyisoprene is formed.
1,2 and 3,4 dominant polyisoprene is produced MoO$_2$Cl$_2$ catalyst supported by phosphorus ligand and Al(OPhCH$_3$)(i-Bu)$_2$ co-catalyst.

## History

The first reported commercialisation of a stereoregular poly-1,4-isoprene with > 90% cis (90% to 92%) was in 1960 by the Shell Chemical Company. Shell used an alkyl lithium catalyst. 90% cis-1,4 content proved insufficiently crystalline to be useful.
In 1962, Goodyear succeeded in making a 98.5% cis polymer using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and this went on to commercial success.

## Usage

Natural rubber and synthetic polyisoprene are used primarily for tires. Other applications include latex products, footwear, belting and hoses and condoms.
Natural gutta-percha and synthetic trans-1,4-polyisoprene were used for golf balls.
# Soanierana, Tsiroanomandidy

Soanierana is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Tsiroanomandidy, which is a part of Bongolava Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 7,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 94% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are maize and cassava. Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

## References and notes

* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
* This Bongolava location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Ioli Kalavrezou

Ioli Kalavrezou is Dumbarton Oaks Professor of Byzantine Art at Harvard University. Her research focuses on early Christian and Byzantine art.

## Career

Prior to joining Harvard, Kalavrezou taught at UCLA and at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich.

## "Byzantine Women" Exhibition

In 2002, Kalavrezou curated an exhibit at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard called "Byzantine Women and their World," Unlike previous exhibitions focused on the high art of the Byzantine court and church, this exhibit examine the daily lives of "unexceptional" Byzantine women, challenging the notion that their existence was powerless. The culmination of a graduate seminar, the exhibit was broad in both geographic and temporal scope: its 186 objects spanned the full range of the Byzantine empire, from the fourth to the sixteenth centuries and including Italy, North Africa, the Balkans, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land. The accompanying catalogue pictures most of the exhibit’s objects in color and accompanying essay, many written by students. These and the introductory essays serve a dual purpose, both the traditional function of an art catalogue as well as shedding light on the history of Byzantine women.

## Books

* Byzantine women and their world (2003) ISBN 9780300096989, OCLC 876738221
* Byzantine icons in steatite (1985) OCLC 888670192
* Steatite carvings of the middle Byzantine Period (1977) OCLC 633633083
# Sue Harrison

Sue Harrison may refer to:
* Sue Harrison (author), writer of the Ivory Carver Trilogy
* Sue Harrison (athlete) (born 1971), British long distance athlete
# Dalla lalage

Dalla lalage is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Mexico.
# NEO Tower

NEO Tower, or NEO Lvjiing Plaza (Chinese:NEO绿景广场) is an office complex in Shenzhen, China consisting of a main building 273 meters and 56-storey tall. Construction started in 2007 and was completed in 2011.
# Nine Mile Portage

The Nine Mile Portage was a trail which connects Kempenfelt Bay of Lake Simcoe, Ontario, to Willow Creek, a tributary of the Nottawasaga River that flows to Wasaga Beach on Georgian Bay. The city of Barrie plans to make it possible to walk the original route of the trail, but at present no public right-of-way exists.

## History

In the early centuries of the colonial period, the Nine Mile Portage was a minor fur trade route. It was used by Étienne Brûlé and Alexander Henry, among others.
John Franklin 'fix[ed] the longitude and latitude of the “Nottawassaga Portage” at 44º22’55"N and 79º53’41"W' during his second overland expedition to the Arctic Ocean.
Following the War of 1812, the portage was used by British forces until as late as the 1850s to transport supplies to the naval base at Penetanguishene.
# Patagonotothen brevicauda

Patagonotothen brevicauda, the Patagonian rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to oceans of the Patagonian region, including Tierra del Fuego, the Strait of Magellan, the Beagle Channel and the Falkland Islands.

## Taxonomy

Described in 1905 by Swedish naturalist Einar Lönnberg with the nominate species name Patagonotothen brevicauda brevicauda, the population from the Shag Rocks was described as P. brevicauda shagenisis by Soviet ichthyologists A.V. Balushkin and Y.Y. Permetin in 1982. This taxon is regarded as a valid species by both FishBase and Catalog of Fishes, Patagonotothen shagensis.

## Description

This species is a relatively small notothen, reaching a maximum length of up to 23 cm (9.1 in). The depressed body is generally brownish. A series of yellowish-and-dark bands transverse the body. The bases of the pectoral fins are outlined by dark lines, which are pale, as are the ventral areas. The back and anal parts are dark, with the latter having pale borders. Up to 19 dorsal fin spines are present. The interorbital space is more depressed in males.
This species is very similar to Patagonotothen guntheri (indeed, it was classified by authors such as H.H. DeWitt and J.-C. Hureau as a subspecies of P. guntheri), but differs in several aspects such as caudal peduncle length in relation to head length (max. 35% vs max. 31%), gill raker count (22-27 vs 26–39) and pectoral fin ray count (22-25 (mean 24.8) vs 23-26 (mean 23.0)). Between P. brevicauda and P. shagenisis, the size of the interorbital space (16-20% of head length vs 11-15% of head length), the number of pectoral fin rays (usually 27 vs usually 25), and the number of vertebrae (51-53 vs 49–51) differentiate the two species.

## Ecology

This demersal species inhabits shallow, gravelly seabeds of depth range 5–8 m (16–26 ft). This species is an opportunistic omnivore, mainly feeding on algae, amphipods, small crustaceans (such as the squat lobster species Munida gregaria) and copepods. Cephalopods, bryozoans, mytilids, hydrozoans, thaliaceans, isopods and polychaetes are also consumed to a lesser degree.

## Commercial importance

This species is of minor importance to commercial fisheries, with only 8 metric tons (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons) landed in 2011. However, this species once was commercially fished in large amounts, with 36,758 metric tons (36,177 long tons; 40,519 short tons) landed in 1981 alone.
# Soanierana-Ivongo (district)

Soanierana-Ivongo is a district of Analanjirofo in Madagascar.
# Swindall Tourist Inn

The Swindall Tourist Inn is the last known surviving African American boarding house in Phoenix, Arizona used during the Jim Crow era. The building itself was built in 1913 and was sold in 1940. Until its selling, it was used as a boarding house, predominantly for African American lodgers. The building has since been converted to office use.
# No. 4 Squadron RCAF

No. 4 (Bomber Reconnaissance) Squadron was a Royal Canadian Air Force squadron that was active before and during the Second World War. It was formed on 17 January 1933 at RCAF Station Jericho Beach and flew civil operations until 1939, conducting forestry, customs and fishing patrols as well as aerial photography. On 1 January 1938, it was redesignated a General Reconnaissance squadron but continued with the same aircraft, but began training for war operations.
On 10 September 1939, the unit was mobilized for the war and redesignated again, this time as a Bomber Reconnaissance squadron, and it began carrying out anti-submarine patrols under the direction of Western Air Command while based out of RCAF station Tofino, in British Columbia. During the war, the squadron flew the Blackburn Shark, Supermarine Stranraer, Consolidated Canso and Consolidated Catalina before disbanding on 7 August 1945.

## Tofino Canso bomber crash

On 8 February 1945, Consolidated Canso 11007 was departing RCAF Station Tofino on a routine night anti-submarine patrol of the coastline having been cleared for take-off at 2300 hours and had just passed the end of the runway when the port engine failed. The flight carried 12 personnel, 620 imp gal (2,800 L) of fuel and four 255 lb (116 kg) depth charges. While failing to gain altitude over a forested area the pilot attempted a 180-degree turn to return to the airfield, and impacted the side of a low hill. All on board survived with only minor injuries. Later, the RCAF retrieved all salvageable equipment including radios, radar equipment and machine guns, and detonated the depth charges, leaving a crater. The wreck is in a relatively easy to access location in National Park land (which precludes salvage) close to roads and is a popular destination for hikers despite most of the area being swampy.
# Pseudocomotis

Pseudocomotis is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Pseudocomotis agatharcha Meyrick, 1926
* Pseudocomotis albolineana Brown, 1990
* Pseudocomotis chingualana Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2009
* Pseudocomotis citroleuca Meyrick, 1912
* Pseudocomotis nortena Brown, 1998
* Pseudocomotis razowskii Pelz, 2004
* Pseudocomotis scardiana Dognin, 1905
* Pseudocomotis serendipita Brown, 1990