OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Josh Ralph (rugby league)

Joshua Ralph (born 21 July 1997) is a Wales international rugby league footballer who last played as a scrum-half for the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the NSW Cup.

## Background

He was born on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Ralph played for junior clubs Runaway Bay Seagulls and Nerang Roosters.

## Playing career

He represented the Queensland under-15s before playing two seasons for the Gold Coast Titans in the Holden Cup. He then represented the Queensland under-18s before signing with the Newcastle Knights for the 2017 Holden Cup (Under-20s).
Near the end of the 2017 season he rejoined the Tweed Heads Seagulls in the Queensland Cup.
He was named in the Welsh squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, qualifying through his Welsh grandmother.
Ralph was also named in the Wales squad for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup.
In December 2022, Ralph signed for Toulouse Olympique in the RFL Championship for the 2023 season. Toulouse reached the Grand Final, but lost to London Broncos thereby missing out on promotion to the Super League.
In the 2024 season, Ralph joined St George Illawarra Dragons playing for their NSW Cup team.
# Hylemya

Hylemya is a genus of root-maggot flies in the family Anthomyiidae. There are at least 30 described species in Hylemya.

## Species

These 31 species belong to the genus Hylemya:
* H. agrestis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)$^{cg}$
* H. alcathoe (Walker, 1849)$^{icgb}$
* H. autumnalis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)$^{cg}$
* H. brevistyla Suwa, 2002$^{cg}$
* H. bruneipalpis Fan, 1982$^{cg}$
* H. detracta (Walker, 1853)$^{cg}$
* H. facilis (Meigen, 1838)$^{cg}$
* H. femoralis (Stein, 1915)$^{cg}$
* H. flavicruralis Suwa, 1989$^{cg}$
* H. flavipennis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)$^{cg}$
* H. genurfa (Villeneuve, 1911)$^{cg}$
* H. kuntzei (Ringdahl, 1934)$^{cg}$
* H. latevittata (Stein, 1908)$^{cg}$
* H. longirostris Suwa, 1989$^{cg}$
* H. meigeni (Schnabl, 1911)$^{cg}$
* H. neglecta (Karl, 1943)$^{cg}$
* H. nigrimana (Meigen, 1826)$^{cg}$
* H. nigripes (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)$^{cg}$
* H. partita (Meigen, 1826)$^b$
* H. probata (Walker, 1861)$^{cg}$
* H. probilis Ackland, 1967$^{cg}$
* H. rufa (Meigen, 1838)$^{cg}$
* H. seideli (Hering, 1925)$^{cg}$
* H. stackelbergi (Ringdahl, 1934)$^{cg}$
* H. subcilicrura (Séguy, 1937)$^{cg}$
* H. supraorbitalis Fan, 1982$^{cg}$
* H. takagii Suwa, 1977$^{cg}$
* H. urbica Wulp, 1896$^g$
* H. vagans (Panzer, 1798)$^{cg}$
* H. variata (Fallén, 1823)$^{cg}$
Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net
# Hydrablabes periops

The olive small-eyed snake (Hydrablabes periops) is a species of natricine snake found in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei.
# SDZ

SDZ may refer to:
* San Diego Zoo
* Serbian Railways, reporting mark SDŽ
* Shankar Dada Zindabad, an Indian film
* Split-Dalmatia County (Croatian: Splitsko-dalmatinska županija), a county in Croatia
* Süddeutsche Zeitung, a German newspaper published in Munich, Bavaria
# SD 15 (bomb)

The SD 15 (Sprengbombe Dickwandig) or thick walled explosive bomb in English was a fragmentation bomb used by the Luftwaffe during World War II.

## History

The second most used category of bombs was the SD series which were high-explosive bombs but with thicker casings which meant their charge to weight ratio was only 30 to 40% of their total weight. Bombs in this series were the SD 1, SD 1 FRZ, SD 2, SD 10 A, SD 10 FRZ, SD 10 C, SD 15, SD 50, SD 70, SD 250, SD 500, SD 1400, and SD 1700. The number in the bombs designation corresponded to the approximate weight of the bomb.

## Design

The body of the SD 15 was of one piece cast steel construction and was a conversion of high-explosive projectiles used by the 10.5 cm leFH 18 howitzers of the German Army. The bomb was filled through the nose with TNT and was internally threaded for a nose fuze. The tail cone was composed of four sheet steel sections that were welded together and crimped into an annular groove machined in the rear 1/3 of the projectile. The SD 15 was used as a sub-munition and 24 could be carried by the AB 500-1D cluster bomb. The body was painted dark green with a khaki colored tail.
# Spešov

Spešov is a municipality and village in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Spešov lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Blansko, 22 km (14 mi) north of Brno, and 177 km (110 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Notable people

* František Trávníček (1888–1961), Slavist and Bohemist
# Sphacanthus

Sphacanthus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It includes two species endemic to Madagascar.

## Species

Two species are accepted.
* Sphacanthus brillantaisia Benoist
* Sphacanthus humbertii Benoist
# Josimar

Josimar is a given name. It may refer to:
* Josimar Melo (born 1954), Brazilian food and wine journalist
* Josimar (footballer, born 1961), Josimar Higino Pereira, Brazilian football right-back
* Josimar (footballer, born 1972), Josimar de Carvalho Ferreira, Brazilian football forward
* Josimar Mosquera (born 1982), Colombian football centre-back
* Josimar (footballer, born 1984), Josimar da Silva Martins, Brazilian football striker
* Josimar (footballer, born 1986), Josimar Rosado da Silva Tavares, Brazilian football defensive midfielder
* Vozinha (born 1989), Josimar Dias, Cape Verdean football goalkeeper
* Josimar (footballer, born 1987), Josimar Rodrigues Souza Roberto, Brazilian football striker
* Josimar Quiñonez (born 1987), Colombian football defender
* Josimar Ayarza (born 1987), Panamanian basketball player
* Josimar (footballer, born 1988), Josimar Moreira Matos de Souza, Brazilian football forward
* Josimar Atoche (born 1989), Peruvian football midfielder
* Josimar Lima (born 1989), Cape Verdean football centre-back
* Josimar Vargas (born 1990), Peruvian football midfielder
* Josimar Heredia (born 1993), Mexican football centre-back
* Josimar Quintero (born 1997), Ecuadorian football midfielder
# Melanie Skillman

Melanie Soltysik Skillman (born September 23, 1954 in Reading, Pennsylvania) is an American archer who was a member of the American squad that won the team bronze medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics. She also competed in the individual event, finishing in 10th place.
# Calathus micropterus

Calathus micropterus is a species of ground beetle from the Platyninae subfamily that can be found everywhere in Europe except for Albania, Andorra, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Vatican City, all states of former Yugoslavia (except Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina), and various islands.
# Calathus obliteratus

Calathus obliteratus is a species of ground beetle from the Platyninae subfamily that is endemic to the Canary Islands.
# Megachile apicata

Megachile apicata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Frederick Smith in 1853.
# Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry

Hydroxyl tagging velocimetry (HTV) is a velocimetry method used in humid air flows. The method is often used in high-speed combusting flows because the high velocity and temperature accentuate its advantages over similar methods. HTV uses a laser (often an argon-fluoride excimer laser operating at ~193 nm) to dissociate the water in the flow into H + OH. Before entering the flow optics are used to create a grid of laser beams. The water in the flow is dissociated only where beams of sufficient energy pass through the flow, thus creating a grid in the flow where the concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) are higher than in the surrounding flow. Another laser beam (at either ~248 nm or ~308 nm) in the form of a sheet is also passed through the flow in the same plane as the grid. This laser beam is tuned to a wavelength that causes the hydroxyl molecules to fluoresce in the UV spectrum. The fluorescence is then captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Using electronic timing methods the picture of the grid can be captured at nearly the same instant that the grid is created.
By delaying the pulse of the fluorescence laser and the camera shot, an image of the grid that has now displaced downstream can be captured. Computer programs are then used to compare the two images and determine the displacement of the grid. By dividing the displacement by the known time delay the two dimensional velocity field (in the plane of the grid) can be determined. Flow ratios, however, are shown to affect the impingement locations, where increased air flow ratios can reduce the required combustor size by isolating reaction products solely within the secondary cavity.
Other molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) methods have used ozone (O$_3$), excited oxygen and nitric oxide as the tag instead of hydroxyl. In the case of ozone the method is known as ozone tagging velocimetry or OTV. OTV has been developed and tested in many room air temperature applications with very accurate test results. OTV consists of an initial "write" step, where a 193-nm pulsed excimer laser creates ozone grid lines via oxygen (O$_2$) UV absorption, and a subsequent "read" step, where a 248-nm excimer laser photodissociates the formed O$_3$ and fluoresces the vibrationally excited O$_2$ product thus revealing the grid lines' displacement.
# Hydroxylamine reductase (NADH)

In enzymology, a hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) (EC 1.7.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction.
    NH$_3$ + NAD$^+$ + H$_2$O $\rightleftharpoons$ hydroxylamine + NADH + H$^+$
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NH$_3$, NAD$^+$, and H$_2$O, whereas its 3 products are hydroxylamine, NADH, and H$^+$.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ammonium:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include hydroxylamine reductase, ammonium dehydrogenase, NADH-hydroxylamine reductase, N-hydroxy amine reductase, hydroxylamine reductase (NADH2), and NADH2:hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in nitrogen metabolism.
# Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase

Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) is an enzyme found in the prokaryotic genus Nitrosomonas. It plays a critically important role in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle as part of the metabolism of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
The substrate is hydroxylamine (${\ce {NH2OH}}$), a chemical produced biologically by the enzyme Ammonia monooxygenase. The products of the catalyzed reaction are debated, but recent work shows compelling evidence for the production of nitric oxide.

## Structural studies

Crystallographic methods show that HAO (PDB code: 1FGJ) is a cross-linked trimer of polypeptides containing 24 heme cofactors.

## Reactivity

For many decades the enzyme was thought to catalyze the following reaction:
    ${\ce {NH2OH + H2O -> NO2^- + 5 H+ + 4e^-}}$
Recent work in the field, however, reveals that this enzyme catalyzes an entirely different reaction:
    ${\ce {NH2OH -> NO + 3H+ + 3e^-}}$
Subsequent oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrite caused by reaction with oxygen accounts for the reactivity previous described by Hooper et al.

## Environmental Impact

Nitric oxide, the product of HAO catalysis, is a potent greenhouse gas. Additionally, the oxidized product of nitric oxide in the presence of oxygen is nitrite - a common pollutant in agricultural run-off.
# Californium(III) iodide

Californium(III) iodide is a binary inorganic compound of californium and iodine with the formula CfI $_3$.

## Synthesis

Californium triiodide can be prepared in microgram quantities under high vacuum. It can be prepared at 500 °C from californium(III) hydroxide and hydrogen iodide:
       Cf(OH)$_3$ + 3HI → CfI$_3$ + 3H$_2$O

## Physical properties

The compound forms a red-orange solid. The triiodide sublimes at ~800 °C without melting. It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal structure in the space group R3 (No. 148) with the lattice parameters a = 758.7 pm and c = 2081.4 pm with six formula units per unit cell. Its crystal structure is isotypic with that of bismuth(III) iodide.
# Californium(III) oxyfluoride

Californium(III) oxyfluoride is a radioactive inorganic compound with a chemical formula CfOF, synthesized in the 1960s. This salt crystallizes with the cubic fluorite structure, with the oxide and fluoride anions randomly distributed in anion sites.

## Synthesis

Californium(III) oxyfluoride is an oxyfluoride and a mixed anion compound. It can be prepared by the hydrolysis of CfF$_3$ at high temperature.
# Californium(III) fluoride

Californium(III) fluoride is a binary inorganic compound of californium and fluorine with the formula CfF $_3$

## Physical properties

Californium(III) fluoride is a yellow-green solid and has two crystalline structures that are temperature dependent. At low temperatures the orthorhombic structure (YF $_3$ type) is found with lattice constants a = 665.3(3) pm, b = 703.9(1) pm and c = 439.3(3) pm. At higher temperatures it forms a trigonal system (LaF $_3$ type) with: a = 694.5(3) pm and c = 710.1(2) pm. Here, each californium atom is surrounded by nine fluorine atoms in a distorted triply-capped trigonal-prismatic structure.
# Hypanartia paullus

Hypanartia paullus (Antillean mapwing) is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Jamaica, Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. It occurs in a wide variety of wooded habitats from sea level to 1,900 meters.
The length of the forewings is about 29 mm. Adults are on wing year round, but the peak flight period occurs between June and August.
The larvae feed on Trema micrantha and Piper species.
# Hypolycaena kakumi

Hypolycaena kakumi, the Kakum fairy hairstreak, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in eastern Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (the southern part of the country and the Cross River loop), Cameroon and the Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests.
# Hypolycaena obscura

Hypolycaena obscura is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and western Tanzania.
# Melik Zünnun

Melik Zünnun (died 1175) was the fifth ruler of Danishmendids.

## Life
### First reign

Zünnun was declared as successor by his father Melik Mehmed Gazi, however he was derecognized by Yağıbasan. Yağıbasan and his other two brother Ayn el-Devle and Nasreddin Muhammed marched into Kayseri and Zünnun took refuge to Mesud I which was his father-in-law. Mesud wanted to incorporate Danishmends to Sultanate of Rum.

### Second reign

After Melik İsmail was killed in a palace revolt, Zünnun was in Syria at the time. With the support of Nuraddin Zengi, he entered Sivas with 3,000 troops. However after death of Nur ad-Din, the troops returned to Syria. Kilijarslan II started to attack the Danishmendids and took Sivas, Niksar and Tokat.
Zünnun took refuge in Byzantine Empire, and the Sivas branch of Danishmendids collapsed.
# Melik Mehmed Gazi

Melik Mehmed or Muhammad Ghazi, (died 1142) was the fourth ruler of Danishmendids.

## Life

Not much is known about his life.
Melik Mehmet Gazi was mummified. His Kümbet is in Melikgazi, Kayseri. His mummy was vandalized in 1935, where his one hand was cut off. In 1978, the mummy was partially burned.
# Sprinter

Sprinter can refer to:

## In sport

* A participant in sprint (running)
* Sprinter (cycling), a type of racing cyclist
* Sprint train, a group of road bicycle racers who at the end of a race work together to set a high pace to help their sprinter
* A sprint car racing vehicle

## Motor vehicles

* Mercedes-Benz Sprinter (or 'Dodge Sprinter', 'Freightliner Sprinter'), a cargo van
* Toyota Sprinter, a compact car

## Trains
### Units

* Sprinter (British Rail), a family of diesel multiple units built for British Rail in the 1980s
* NS SGMm (Stadsgewestelijk Materieel), a Dutch electric multiple unit in service since 1975, commonly referred to as "Sprinter old generation"
* NS Sprinter Lighttrain, a Dutch electric multiple unit in service since 2009
* Sprinter New Generation, a Dutch train manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles
* V/Line Sprinter, a diesel multiple unit operated by V/Line in Australia

### Rail services

* Sprinter (rail service), a hybrid rail service in San Diego County, California
* Sprinter (Nederlandse Spoorwegen), rail service type in the Netherlands
* ICE Sprinter, a variant of the Intercity Express rail service type operated in Germany

## Other

* Sprinter (computer), a Russian microcomputer
* Sprinter (album), by Torres (Mackenzie Scott), 2015
* "Sprinter" (song), a 2023 song by British rappers Dave and Central Cee
* Sprinter (film), a 2018 sports drama directed by Storm Saulter
* Sprinter (manga), written and illustrated by Yū Koyama
# Sprinter (film)

Sprinter is a 2018 sports drama film which revolves around an athlete going through family issues, directed by Storm Saulter. Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith were the executive producers for this production. The film premiered at the 2018 American Black Film Festival where it won awards for Best Narrative Feature, the Audience Award in the category Best Film and Best Director.

## Synopsis

A Jamaican teen who is burdened by an unstable father and an unruly older brother hopes a meteoric rise in track-and-field can reunite him with his mother, who has lived illegally in the U.S. for over a decade.

## Cast

* Dale Elliott as Akeem Sharp
* David Alan Grier as Coach
* Lorraine Toussaint as Donna
* Kadeem Wilson as Germaine Sharp
* Bryshere Y. Gray as Marcus Brick
* Shantol Jackson as Kerry Hall
* Usain Bolt as Self
* Natasha Kalimada as UK Sprinter (as Asha Kalimada)
* Jessica Watkin as Sprint Runner
* Nirine S. Brown as Sprint Runner

## Accolades
### American Black Film Festival (2018)

* Audience Award [Winner] – Narrative Feature category
* Best Director [Winner]
* Grand Jury Prize [Winner] – Best Narrative Feature category

### Blackstar Film Festival (2019)

* Audience Award [Winner] – Best Narrative Feature category
# Hypericum repens

Hypericum repens is a prostrate, perennial herb up to 10 cm high, with rooting, hairless shoots, up to 20 cm long. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, elliptical to narrowly spathulate with rounded top, 5-9 x 3–4 mm and black dots (glands) on the margin. Flowers actinomorphic in cymose inflorescence, petals golden yellow, with red nerves, glands present on sepals and petals. Flowers May–July (August). Fruit a capsule.

## Habitat

Dry rocky slopes and openings in pine forest, waste land or field edges, on limestone or igneous formations at 0–1450 m altitude.

## Distribution

Endemic to Cyprus, found in Troödos area, Limassol district, (Trimiklini), the Makheras forest (Makheras Monastery, Mandra tou Kambiou), Nicosia area where it is fairly common (Yeri, Latsia, Potamia), Kannavia and Kyrenia area.
# S. Raghavanandam

S. Raghavanandam (1917–1999) was an Indian politician and former General Secretary of AIADMK. He was the Labour Minister in M. G. Ramachandran's Cabinet in 1977 and 1980. He was elected as the member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council thrice in 1968, 1977 and 1988 representing both DMK and AIADMK.

## Political career

Raghavanandam served as the member of the Legislative Council representing DMK from 1968 to 1971. In 1972, when the DMK expelled MGR, joined the AIADMK. A letter was given to the chairman of the Board stating that he had resigned from the M.L.C. post. But Ragavanandam denied that he had written the resignation letter.
Raghavanandam was one of the senior leaders next to MGR in AIADMK. M.G.R, who was the general secretary of the AIADMK in the early days, became the chief minister and Raghavanandam became labour minister on his cabinet in 1977 and again in 1980. He was elected to Tamil Nadu Legislative Council representing AIADMK in 1977 and 1983. After P. U. Shanmugam, He served as the general secretary of AIADMK from 1985 to 1986. After the party split in 1988, He also held the post of Deputy General Secretary of AIADMK Janaki faction. In February 1989 after AIADMK United under Jayalalithaa, He continued as the Deputy General Secretary of the party. He joined back DMK in 1990.
# Bembo (disambiguation)

Bembo is a serif typeface.
Bembo may also refer to:

## People

* Bembo (family), a Venetian noble family
* Bernardo Bembo (1433 – 1519), Italian humanist and statesman
* Pietro Bembo (1470 – 1547), Italian scholar, poet, and cardinal
* Giovanni Bembo (1543 – 1618), Doge of Venice
* Antonia Bembo (c. 1640 – c. 1720), Italian singer and composer
* Giovanni Francesco Bembo (fl. 1515 – 1543), Italian painter

## Buildings

* Palazzo Bembo, a place in Venice
# Kunsan National University

Kunsan National University is a national university located in Miryong-dong, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, in western South Korea. The university first opened its doors in 1947 as Kunsan Teachers' College. It gained university status in 1991.

## Notable people

* Jin Hee-kyung, actress
* Song Sae-byeok, actor
# Monte Is Caravius

Monte Is Caravius is the highest massif in the Sulcis Mountains, in southern Sardinia, Italy. The information on the height of the relief is still under debate: geographical atlases, historical bibliographic sources, and official documentation attribute the height of 1116 m; other sources, including several of an administrative or technical-scientific nature that use information from territorial information systems, indicate a height of 1113 m.
# Méditerranée (film)

Méditerranée is a 1963 French experimental film directed by Jean-Daniel Pollet with assistance from Volker Schlöndorff. It was written by Philippe Sollers and produced by Barbet Schroeder, with music by Antoine Duhamel. The 45 minute film is cited as one of Pollet's most influential films, which according to Jonathan Rosenbaum directly influenced Jean-Luc Godard's Contempt, released later the same year. Footage for the film was shot around the Mediterranean, including at a Greek temple, a Sicilian garden, the sea, and also features a fisherman, a bullfighter, and a girl on an operating table.
# Scopesis

Scopesis is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.
Species:
* Scopesis alpivagans Heinrich, 1949
* Scopesis areolaris (Pfankuch, 1921)
# Sir Percy Leads the Band

First published in 1936, Sir Percy Leads the Band is (chronologically) the second of the Scarlet Pimpernel series by Baroness Orczy.
The novel is set in January and February 1793 and follows on from the original Scarlet Pimpernel book.
# Lactation counselor

A lactation counselor is a healthcare provider recognized as an expert in the fields of human lactation and breastfeeding counseling. A certified lactation counselor will carry the initials CLC after her/his name. Lactation counselors can be found working as staff in hospitals, at physician and midwife offices, in private practice, and in the public health sector.
The candidates for the certified lactation counselor credential qualify for this designation by passing the didactic and written examinations of the Academy of Lactation Policy and Practice. CLCs can earn advanced certification in lactation management. The Advanced lactation consultant possesses the insight, knowledge, and skills essential to the development and implementation of management strategies for complex problems related to breastfeeding and human lactation
# Consejo

Consejo is a village in the north of Corozal District, Belize. Consejo is located on a point of land where the bays of Corozal and Chetumal meet. Consejo is about 8 miles (12.9 km) from the district capital of Corozal Town, and 2 miles (3.2 km) across the water from Chetumal, Mexico.
It also features a subdivision/neighborhood of waterfront or near waterfront homes named Consejo Shores.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2010 census, Consejo had a population of 351. Of these, 64.1% were Mestizo, 29.3% Caucasian, 2.3% African, 2.3% Mixed, 0.6% Creole, 0.6% Mennonite, 0.3% Asian and 0.3% Ketchi Maya.
In terms of languages spoken (multiple answers allowed), 90.4% spoke English, 64.5% Spanish, 1.5% Creole, 0.3% German, 0.3% Mandarin or Cantonese, 0.3% Yucatec Maya and 0.3% other languages.