OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Learmonth Gowans

Sir James Learmonth "Jim" Gowans CBE FRS FRCP (7 May 1924 – 1 April 2020) was a British physician and immunologist. In 1945, while studying medicine at King's College Hospital, he assisted at the liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp as a voluntary medical student.
Gowans was born in Sheffield, England. He graduated in medicine in 1947 from King's College Hospital, then in 1948 obtained a degree in physiology at Oxford, followed by a Ph.D. with Howard Florey at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford on lymphocytes. He then became a professor of experimental pathology at Oxford. In 1977, he left his research career for ten years to be secretary of the Medical Research Council. He served as Secretary-General of the Human Frontier Science Program in 1989. He was a colleague and life-long friend of George Bellamy Mackaness.
He made significant discoveries about the role of lymphocytes in the immune response. In particular, he showed that some lymphocytes were not short-lived, as previously assumed, but moved from the blood into the lymphatic system and back. On the initiative of Peter Medawar he also undertook experiments on rats that showed that lymphocytes play an important role in transplant rejection.
In 1963, Gowans became a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1971 New Year Honours for services to medical science and a Knight Bachelor in the 1982 New Year Honours.
In 1980, he was awarded the Wolf Prize in Medicine. He was a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences and a SSI Honorary Member (1971), and received several honorary doctorates. In 1968 he received the Gairdner Foundation International Award and in 1990 shared the first Medawar Prize with Jacques Miller. In 1974, he was awarded the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize. He won the Royal Medal in 1976.

## Family

In 1956, he married Moira Leatham, with whom he had a son and two daughters.
# Spillmann's tapaculo

Spillmann's tapaculo (Scytalopus spillmanni) is a species of bird in the family Formicariidae. It inhabits the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The Spillmann's tapaculo was previously considered a subspecies of brown-rumped tapaculo (Scytalopus latebircola) but was elevated to species rank due to differences in their vocalizations. It and chusquea tapaculo (S. parkeri) form a superspecies. The population in Colombia's eastern Andes might be different enoung to be a subspecies.

## Description

Spillmann's tapaculo is 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Males weigh 21 to 30 g (0.74 to 1.06 oz) and females 20 to 29.5 g (0.71 to 1.04 oz). The male is blackish gray above with a dark brown rump. It is lighter gray below with tawny to cinnamon flanks and vent area. Some females are like the male, but most have the upperparts heavily washed with brown and an orange lower belly. The juvenile is brown above and dusky below, with barring above and below.

## Distribution and habitat

Spillmann's tapaculo is found in all three Andean ranges of Colombia and south into Ecuador. In the west it extends to Cotopaxi Province and in the east into Morona-Santiago Province. It inhabits the undergrowth of humid montane forest and is especially partial to Chusquea bamboo. It ranges generally from 1,900 to 3,200 m (6,200 to 10,500 ft) but is found locally up to 3,500 m (11,500 ft) and as high as 3,700 m (12,100 ft) in western Napo Province, Ecuador.

## Behavior
### Feeding

Spillmann's tapaculo forages on the ground or near it, mostly for small insects.

### Breeding

Little is known about the breeding phenology of Spillmann's tapaculo, but it probably breeds throughout the year.

### Vocalization

The song of Spillmann's tapaculo is a 10 to 20 second trill whose volume and sometime pitch increase . The male and female have several calls such as , , and .

## Status

The IUCN has assessed Spillmann's tapaculo as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range and appears to be common throughout it.
# Ümitköy, Gerede

Ümitköy (also: Ümit) is a village in the Gerede District, Bolu Province, Turkey. Its population is 88 (2021).
# Northern Ireland women's national under-19 football team

The Northern Ireland women's national under-19 football team represents the female under-19s of Northern Ireland in the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, and is controlled by the Irish Football Association.
# George Lyons

George Lyons may refer to:
* George Lyons (theologian) (born 1947), American author and professor of New Testament studies
* George Lyons (footballer) (1884–?), English footballer
* George Lyons (baseball) (1891–1981), American professional baseball pitcher
* George Lyons (born Dominick George Martoccio; 1889–1958), American musician, harpist and composer, part of Lyons and Yosco
# Overton Hall, Cheshire

Overton Hall is a country house in the parish of Malpas (formerly Overton), Cheshire, England. The house originated in the middle of the 16th century on a moated site as a timber-framed great hall with a screens passage; it was built for the Alport family. The great hall has since been divided into two floors, and the house was externally refaced in the early 19th century by the Gregson family. Two of the faces of the house are timber-framed with painted brick nogging. The other faces are in brick with stone dressings. The roofs are slated with tiles on the ridges. The chimney stacks, porch and bay windows are in stone. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. To the south of the house is a stone bridge over the former moat dating from the 18th century. This is also listed at Grade II. Immediately to the east of the hall are the remains of a medieval and post-medieval settlement and field system that are recognised as a Scheduled Monument.
# Guayambre River

The Guayambre River is a river in Honduras. It is one of the two main tributaries of Honduras' longest river, the Patuca.
# Pherendates II

Pherendates II (from the Old Persian Farnadāta) was an Achaemenid satrap of ancient Egypt during the 4th century BCE, at the time of the 31st Dynasty of Egypt.
Almost nothing is known about him. In his Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus Siculus reports that, after the Achaemenid conquest of Egypt, Artaxerxes III appointed Pherendates II as satrap. His office must have been very brief, since his successor Sabaces was killed in the battle of Issus (333 BCE) while serving Darius III.
# Omaboe

Omaboe is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Emmanuel Noi Omaboe (1930–2005), Ghanaian civil servant, businessman and traditional ruler
* Grace Omaboe (born 1946), Ghanaian actress, singer and television personality
* William Codjoe Omaboe Acquaye-Nortey (born 1930), Ghanaian soldier and politician
# Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino

The Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (est. 1931) of Portugal preserves archives related to the Portuguese Empire. It is located in the Palácio da Ega [pt] on Calçada da Boa-Hora in the city of Lisbon, near the Rua da Junqueira [pt] in the parish of Alcântara. The Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical [pt] of the governmental Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education administers the archives. Prior to 1973, the Overseas Ministry oversaw it.
Among its holdings are records created in 15th-20th century related to colonial Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea, India, Macau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Timor, Uruguay, and other locales. As of 1970 the materials were grouped as pre-1833 (mostly from the Arquivo do Conselho Ultramarino) and post-1833 (from the Arquivo do Ministerio das Colonias).
Directors have included Alberto Iria (circa 1970).
# Clare Watt

Clare Watt is a British space scientist and is currently Professor of Space Physics at the Northumbria University. She was elected vice-president of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2022 and has served on the editorial board of Oxford University Press's RAS Techniques and Instruments journal since 2021.

## Background and scientific career

Watt studied for a BSc in Maths and Physics at the University of Aberdeen from 1994 to 1998. She then obtained a PhD in space plasma physics from St Catharine's College, Cambridge in 2002, working closely with the British Antarctic Survey. Moving to University of Alberta in Canada, she focussed on numerical modelling of auroral electrons. In 2013 she returned to the UK as a lecturer in Space Physics at the University of Reading, focussing on modelling of the Earth's radiation belts. Watt moved to Northumbria University in 2020, to take up the role of Professor of Space Physics.

## Research interests

Watt's primary research interest is kinetic plasma physics, particularly as applied to space environments. Her focus is on numerical modelling of wave-particle interactions which are central to the energisation or scattering of electrons in both the Earth's auroral regions and the radiation belts, which are a major space weather concern.

## Awards and honours

2022 Elected Vice-president of the Royal Astronomical Society
2021 co-chair of the Physical Sciences Working group that advises the Human and Robotic Exploration Directorate of the European Space Agency
2021 Member of the Science Programme Advisory Committee to the UK Space Agency
2021 editorial board for RAS Techniques and Instruments
2017 Elected councillor and trustee of the Royal Astronomical Society
2016 Selected to serve on the STFC Astronomy Grants Panel
2007 Nominated reporter for International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy for Auroral Phenomenon
2005 European Geosciences Union "Young Talent in Geosciences" award
2003 Royal Astronomical Society thesis award
# Spillover (imaging)

Spillover effect can be defined as an apparent gain in activity for small objects or regions, as opposed to the partial volume effect. It occurs often in biological imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) because of their limited spatial resolution. Although partial volume effect and spillover refer to essentially the same physical problem, it is important to distinguish the outcome of these two different effects. For partial volume effect, the apparent loss of activity in the object is distributed across adjacent voxels, which are considered outside the object, resulting in increase in activity in these voxels. This increase in activity is referred to as spillover, whereas loss in activity is referred to as partial volume loss.
# In Your Direction

In Your Direction may refer to:
* In Your Direction (album), an album by Ratt
* "In Your Direction", a song by Ratt from their second album Out of the Cellar
# Gamble Rogers Memorial State Recreation Area at Flagler Beach

Gamble Rogers Memorial State Recreation Area is a 144-acre (0.58 km$^2$) Florida State Park in Flagler Beach, Florida, United States, between the Atlantic Ocean and the Intra-Coastal Waterway on State Route A1A. It is about 18 miles (29 km) north of Daytona Beach and about 30 miles (48 km) south of St. Augustine.

## Naming

The park is named for Gamble Rogers, a Florida folk singer. On October 10, 1991, Rogers was camping in the area. In response to a child's plea for help, he attempted to rescue a Canadian tourist in the heavy surf and riptides of Flagler Beach. Both Rogers and the tourist drowned. The park was created by the Florida legislature in honor of this Florida folk singer/guitarist.

## Recreational activities

Activities include coastal camping, picnicking, swimming, paddleboarding, eco-tours, fishing, and beachcombing. Visitors can also enjoy sunbathing, bicycling, canoeing, boating, and wildlife viewing. Between May and early September, loggerhead, green and leatherback sea turtles are among the wildlife of the park.
Amenities include 34 campsites overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, boat ramp and boat basin with access to the Intracoastal Waterway, picnic tables, a large picnic pavilion, a mile long nature trail, the beach and hiking trails.

## Hours

Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays).

## Gallery

* Entrance
* Sign
* View of the Intracoastal Waterway
# George P. Stiles

George P. Stiles (1814 – September 1, 1885) was a justice of the Supreme Court of the Utah Territory from 1854 to 1857.
In the 1840s, Stiles had been a prominent Mormon, and had been among the advisers who encouraged Joseph Smith to destroy the press of the anti-polygamy newspaper, the Espositor, in 1844. This act led to Smith's arrest, and his murder while in custody. Stiles later became an apostate from that group, and was excommunicated by them, setting up a significant conflict when Stiles was later appointed by President Franklin Pierce to the territorial supreme court in Utah.
Stiles began his travel to Carson Valley in the Spring of 1854, in the company of Orson Hyde and United States Marshal Heywood, the three arriving there in June. Upon arriving in Utah, Stiles succeeded Associate Justice Zerubbabel Snow, whose term of office expired in 1854. Stiles, Hyde, and Heywood "were empowered by the Utah Legislature to meet with a similar commission from California, and establish in the Carson Valley region the boundary line between that State and this Territory". Once this was done, the three organized Carson County.
Stiles clashed with the Mormon population, seeking to dismantle legal structures that they had erected to avoid scrutiny from the federal government. On December 29, 1856, amidst a conflict with Mormon lawyers, Stiles "had his office raided and certain of his personal papers burned". In 1857, Stiles returned to Washington, D.C., and informed the government their that the Mormon population of Utah was effectively in a state of rebellion.
A genealogist of the Stiles family suggests that he "was probably the Geo. P. Stiles who bore a good record as First Lieutenant of the Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Regiment, from August, 1861, to Dec. 15, 1864", during the American Civil War. After the war, Stiles "held an office in one of the Governmental Departments, at Washington, D. C.", before eventually moving to Belton, Texas, where he died.

## Personal life

Stiles married J. K. Hollister of New York, with whom he had four children.
# Phereoeca

Phereoeca is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae. The larvae of these moths build protective silk cases and some are moderate household pests.
* This Tineidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bangwe

Bangwe is a town located in southern Malawi, situated between Mpingwe Hill and Malabvi, and is also nearby to Bangwe Hill.
# Thargelia (moth)

Thargelia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Thargelia attila L.Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
* Thargelia balazsi L.Ronkay & Gyulai, 2006
# 2022 Aesthetic Group Gymnastics World Cup series

The 2022 IFAGG World Cup series in Aesthetic Group Gymnastics is a series of competitions officially organized and promoted by the International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics.

## Formats

World and Challenge Cup :
| Date | Event | Location |
| March 12-13 | World and Challenge Cup I | Tallinn |
| May 06-07 | World and Challenge Cup II | Sofia |
| June 09-10 | World and Challenge Cup III | Tampere |
| October 29-30 | World and Challenge Cup IV | Kuala Lumpur |

## Medal winners
### World Cup

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| World Cup ||||
| Tallinn | OVO Team | Minetit | Siidisabad |
| Sofia | National Team | Minetit | Siidisabad |
| Tampere | Minetit | Gloria | Siidisabad |
| Kuala Lumpur | Expressia | Madonna | Kerbez |

### Challenge Cup

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Challenge Cup ||||
| Tallinn | OVO Junior Team | Sanix Valens Junior | Violett |
| Sofia | National Team | Minetit Junior | None Awarded |
| Sofia | National Team | OVO Junior Team | None Awarded |
| Tampere | Minetit Junior | OVO Junior Team | Rytmika Junior Team |
| Kuala Lumpur | Victoria | Victoria Strela | Sunrise |

## Overall medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Finland (FIN) | 4 | 7 | 0 | 11 |
| 2 | RGF | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Estonia (EST) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| 5 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 8 | 9 | 7 | 24 |
# Northern blue-tongued skink

The northern blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides intermedia) or northern blue-tongued lizard is the largest and heaviest of the blue-tongued lizards (family Scincidae, genus Tiliqua). They are native to Australia and found almost exclusively in the Northern Region. They generally live around 20 years and are commonly kept as pets.

## Appearance

The northern blue-tongued skink (T. s. intermedia) is a subspecies of the common blue-tongued skink (T. s. scincoides). Similar to other blue-tongued lizards, the northern blue-tongued skink has very distinctive patterning. Northerns tend to be a bright orange to soft peachy orange or even a yellowish colour with darker stripes along their sides and backs, with a lighter, creamier colour on their bellies.
They also have bright blue tongues often used to warn off or startle predators. Their legs are short and small compared to the length and width of their bodies. They grow to about 22 inches in total length.

## Breeding

The breeding season occurs once yearly in late spring. Mating is somewhat aggressive, with the male holding the female in place by biting her back. Damage to the scales and light bleeding are common.
The gestation period is roughly 100 days and they can produce as many as 20+ babies. Blue-tongued skinks are ovoviviparous and give birth to live young. The offspring appear as smaller versions of the adults with only slight variations to colouring, often darker and becoming a lighter and more vibrant shade with each shed. Babies are precocial and will wander off on their own and begin eating small insects and fruit a few days after birth. Adults are known to cannibalise their young.

## Relatives

The northern blue tongued skink is related to the eastern blue tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides scincoides).

## Gallery

* Northern Blue-Tongued Skink 2011

## External links and sources

* Honolulu Zoo
* Basic Information Sheet: Northern Blue-Tongued Skink
* Northern Blue-tongued Skink
* Northern Blue-tongued Skink
# George P. Steele

George Peabody Steele II (July 27, 1924 – February 13, 2018) was a vice admiral in the United States Navy. He is a former commander of the United States Seventh Fleet (from July 28, 1973 – June 15, 1975) and Commander Naval Forces Korea. He was a 1944 graduate of the United States Naval Academy.
# Trawool railway station

Trawool was a small railway station located on the Mansfield line. A loop siding was also provided and was used for express trains and freight trains to pass regular trains.
# Guecellone II da Camino

Guecellone II da Camino (born Guecellone da Montanara; died 1187) was an Italian medieval noble and military leader, belonging to the Da Camino family.
The son of Gabriele I and Adeleta di Porcia, he became one of the most powerful men in the March of Treviso after the marriage to Sofia di Colfosco, who gave him in dowry large territories in the area. He was the first member of the family to use the title of Ceneda, Serravalle and Zumelle.
Around 1150 he had the castle of Camino fortified, after which it became the family's stronghold and namesake. In c. 1164 he took part in an imperial league against the commune of Treviso, alongside emperor Frederick Barbarossa. In 1183, after having been defeated, he submitted to the Trevigiani, declaring himself a citizen of the March's capital and accepting that commune's jurisdiction above his possessions.

## Sources

* Angella, Enrica; Pietro Bongi (1993). Sulle terre dei da Camino. Pieve da Soligo: Bubola & Naibo.
* This biographical article related to the Italian military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# The House on the Dune (novel)

The House on the Dune (French: La maison dans la dune) is a 1932 novel by the French writer Maxence Van Der Meersch. It portrays the battle between smugglers and customs officials along the French-Belgian border.

## Adaptations

It has been turned into films on three occasions:
* The House on the Dune (1934 film), a French film directed by Pierre Billon
* The House on the Dune (1952 film), a French film directed by Georges Lampin
* The House on the Dune (1988 film), a Belgian film directed by Michel Mees
# Omorgus drumonti

Omorgus drumonti is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Omorginae and subgenus Afromorgus.
# Phalonidia chlorolitha

Phalonidia chlorolitha is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang), Japan, Korea and Russia.
The wingspan is 15−19 mm.
# James Smith (Yukon politician)

James M. Smith OC (December 31, 1919 – April 14, 2017) was the longest serving commissioner of Yukon from November 7, 1966 to June 30, 1976. During his tenure, he was instrumental in the creation of Kluane National Park and Reserve and the designation of the Chilkoot Trail as a National Historic Site of Canada. He was also responsible for creating the Arctic Winter Games along with Northwest Territories commissioner Stuart Hodgson and Alaska governor Walter Joseph Hickel. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1976.
# Nelson le Follet

Nelson Le Follet, stage name of Bartolomeo Viganego, also known as Enrico or Enrichetto (14 May 1869 in San Fruttuoso – 20 September 1943 in Chiavari), was an Italian illusionist, impersonator and acrobat.

## Biography

During Le Follet's youth, he had been an athlete of the Christopher Columbus Gymnastics Society, thus dedicating himself to performing acrobatic acts in famous circuses of the time, such as the Parish Circus, under the name of the "Red Devil". His background as a Viganego gymnast, allowed him to perform mostly as an antipodean, as an expert of the circus art in juggling various objects with his feet, laying on his back and keeping his legs up in the air, more or less, vertically. He dedicated himself to pantomime, transforming and illusionist shows in Italian Theatres (such as the Venetian Malibran), French and Spanish Theatres, with his own company, "Troupe Nelson". In 1898-99, in his shows, he used a projecting machine, made by the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière. At the beginning of the century, mostly, he used names of art such as Nelson Viganego, Nelson Le Follet or Nelson Follet, and, sometimes the Italian version of "Nelson Folletto". After his circus experience, another ideal place for Le Follet's exhibitions was the coffee-concert Paris style kind of show. In April 1902, he staged at the Umberto the first Napolitano Theatre, a show called Arizof, which had been described by those times' newspapers as, " a fantastic and spectacular choreographic act by Nelson Follet (prose, music and dance)". The prima ballerina was Elvira Valentini.
After this, he had shows in France (at the Olympia in Paris), Spain, Belgium, Poland, Estonia and Brazil, being active until the eve of the First World War. In the very first years after the war, he worked as a theatre agent, based in Genoa. Only few photos of Le Follet are left. The only existent photo, from the early 1900s, shows him, dressed with a coat in sea otter fur and beaver fur reverts.
# Northern bluet

Northern bluet is a common name for several damselflies and may refer to:
* Enallagma annexum, native to North America
* Enallagma cyathigerum, native to Europe