OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oscar Nuccio

Oscar Nuccio (Brindisi, 9 July 1931 – Rieti, 23 April 2004) was an Italian historian of economic thought. He taught the history of economic thought in the departments of political science at the University of Pisa, the University of Teramo, and Sapienza University of Rome, always as an associate professor, as he was never awarded tenure.
He penned over 200 academic publications between 1957 and 2008, focusing his studies on the birth of Italian economic thought. A practicing Roman Catholic, he opposed Max Weber's thesis, arguing that the root of market capitalism is not to be found in the Protestant Reformation but in the reaction by lawyers and humanists to the framing of economic issues under scholasticism. This thesis is developed in particular in his 1999 work Goodbye Protestant Ethics.
His most important work was Italian Economic Thought, a three-volume, seven-book work which covered the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries and won the Saint-Vincent Prize for the Economy in 1985. The work was summarized in the 700 pages of A History of Italian Economic Thought (As a Genesis of the Capitalist Spirit), published posthumously in 2008 by the LUISS University Press (Rome) and also available in English. In 1987 the study Economic Epistemology: the role of the concepts of 'nature' and 'natural law' in the genesis of the economic won the "Seventy-fifth Prize" awarded by the Review of Economic Policy. Nuccio followed that major work in 2000 with the study False and Commonplace in History: the equation of the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism, published by Alberti (Florence).
Nuccio also managed the anastatic reprinting of about thirty classics of the nineteenth century in the collection Italian Classic Writers of Political Economy, or the "Custodi Collection" (in fifty volumes).
# Penfield Books

Penfield Books is a book publishing company that was founded in 1979 in Iowa City, Iowa by Joan Liffring-Zug Bourret and late husband John Zug. It was originally named Penfield Press.
Penfield Books and Penfield Press have published more than 110 books. Penfield Books has published many titles which promote understanding of ethnic culture primarily of northern and eastern European descent including historical books about the Amana Colonies of Iowa. Penfield has published titles about Grant Wood and brought back into a print select titles by Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf, the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Many titles have received national and international awards. Several titles were awarded first and second place in the United States by the Independent Book Publishers Association.
# International Association of Cryospheric Sciences

The International Association of Cryospheric Sciences (IACS) is the eighth association of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). It was launched by the IUGG Council on 4 July 2007, developing from the International Commission of Snow and Ice of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) via the transitional Union Commission for the Cryospheric Sciences (UCCS).
Formation of this new Association is recognition of the importance of the cryospheric sciences in the study of Earth System Science, and particularly at a time of significant global change. IACS has historic connections going back to the establishment of the Commission Internationale des Glaciers (International Glacier Commission) in 1894.
The broad objectives of IACS are:
* to promote studies of the cryosphere;
* to encourage research on cryospheric sciences through collaboration;
* to foster discussion and publication of results of cryospheric research;
* to promote education about the cryosphere;
* to facilitate standardisation of cryospheric measurements; and
* to promote the science of Permanent Services under IACS responsibility
(at present IACS has responsibility within the International Council of Science for the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS)).
IACS is structured around a number of disciplinary Divisions. Currently these are:
* Snow and Avalanches;
* Glaciers;
* Ice Sheets;
* Sea Ice, Lake and River Ice;
* Cryosphere, Atmosphere and Climate;
* Planetary and other Ices of the Solar System.
A number of working groups under these Divisions address scientific problems of the cryosphere that are timely and well constrained. Recent examples include a working group on "Intercomparison of Forest Snow Process Models", and working groups that have developed a new "International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground" and a new "Glossary of Mass Balance and Related Terms".
# Stefan Ström

Stefan Ström (born 13 December 1977 in Gävle, Gävleborg) is a retired male boxer from Sweden, who competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he was stopped in the first round of the men's light flyweight division (– 48 kg) by Cuba's title contender Yosvani Aguilera.
# TAPS (buffer)

TAPS ([tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propanesulfonic acid) is a chemical compound commonly used to make buffer solutions.
It can bind divalent cations, including Co(II) and Ni(II).
TAPS is effective to make buffer solutions in the pH range 7.7–9.1, since it has a pK$_a$ value of 8.44 (ionic strength I = 0, 25 °C).
The pH (and pK$_a$ at I ≠ 0) of the buffer solution changes with concentration and temperature, and this effect may be predicted e.g. using online calculators.
# Linda Meyers

Linda Meyers (later Tikalsky, born July 1, 1937) is a retired American alpine ski racer, a former member of the United States Ski Team. She competed at the Winter Olympics in 1960 and 1964. On home state snow in 1960, Meyers tumbled in the downhill event, but completed the descent and placed 33rd; she failed to finish the giant slalom. In 1964, she placed 12th in the slalom and 30th in the giant slalom.
At age fourteen, Meyers moved with her family from Los Angeles to Bishop, California, near Mammoth Mountain, and took up skiing following Jill Kinmont Boothe. In addition to the Olympics, she competed at the World Championships in 1958 and 1962, and finished fifth in the combined event in 1962. After retiring from competitions she coached skiers in Colorado.

## Olympic results

| Year | Age | Slalom | Giant Slalom | Super-G | Downhill | Combined |
| 1960 | 22 | — | DNF | not run | 33 | not run |
| 1964 | 26 | 12 | 30 | not run | — | not run |
# Pippi in the South Seas (book)

Pippi in the South Seas is a 1948 sequel to Astrid Lindgren's classic children's books, Pippi Longstocking and Pippi Goes on Board. It is set sometime after the events of the original book and centers around Pippi's further misadventures and experiences, but also Pippi's theory that the reason for her father's mysterious disappearance that he was hailed as king of an island of natives is confirmed as true.

## Plot

Pippi Longstocking, a little girl meets a stubborn billionaire, who tries to buy Villa Villekulla, her home, and dismisses her as ugly and ridiculous. She also looks for a thing called a 'spink" and irritating a rich woman known as Ms.Rosenbloom, who gives the good pupils a Gold coin and a bag of Candy. She also soon receives word from her father, a sea captain who had seemingly vanished earlier, inviting her to a tropical island inhabited by natives over which he now reigns as king. Pippi and her friends sail to her father's island kingdom, where they become acquainted with the natives living there, Pippi being hailed as "Princess Pippilotta."

## Adaptation

The book was adapted into a 1970 film of the same name. In it, Pippi requests help from her friends Annika and Tommy as she ventures out onto the Sea to rescue her father who was captured by pirates. This came originally from a Swedish title PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP PÅ DE SJU HAVEN [motion picture] alternate title: PIPPI IN TAKA-TUKA-LAND. Pippi Longstocking was played by Inger Nilsson, Annika played by Maria Persson and directed by Olle Hellbom.
# Sielec, Jędrzejów County

Sielec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzisław, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Wodzisław, 17 km (11 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów, and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.
# Tavagnasco

Tavagnasco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin.
Tavagnasco borders the following municipalities: Settimo Vittone, Quincinetto, Traversella, Brosso, and Quassolo.
# Dirty looks

Dirty Looks may refer to:
* Dirty Looks (album), a 1983 album by Juice Newton
* Dirty Looks (non-profit), a queer film collective in New York City and Los Angeles, California
* Dirty Looks (New York band), an American rock band from Staten Island, New York
* Dirty Looks (Pennsylvania band), an American rock band from Erie, Pennsylvania, also known in San Francisco, California
* "Dirty Looks" (song), a 1987 song by Diana Ross
* "Dirty Looks", a song by Electric Six from the album I Shall Exterminate Everything Around Me That Restricts Me from Being the Master
# Podlešín

Podlešín is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
# The Palmetum, Townsville

The Palmetum is one of three botanical gardens of Townsville, Queensland. The Palmetum is located in the suburb of Annandale, near the Ross River, James Cook University and the Townsville Hospital.

## Gardens

The Palmetum is a botanical garden featuring only one family of plants, the palm. The park covers almost 17 hectares. The garden's collection includes all six subfamilies within the family Arecaceae, with a total of about 300 species represented. Many are considered rare and threatened in their natural habitat. Around 50% of these species are naturally found in Australia which makes the plantarium a diverse experience. 60% of the plants currently in the palmetum are labelled. A boardwalk within the park follows the wetland path and also around the small inlet from Ross River.

## History

The Palmetum was officially opened in September 1988 as a Bicentennial project. Townsville's Japanese sister city Tokuyama funded the initial development of the Licuala Walk and Tokuyama Garden, which was completed in 1996. The Blackhawk Memorial was completed in 1997, dedicated to the 18 soldiers who lost their lives in a training exercise accident at the High Range Training Area.

## Gallery

* Palmetum entrance from Nathan Street
* Livistona saribus; note comparative height of woman, bottom left.
* Lagoon area, Townsville Palmetum
# Steve Lightle

Steve Lightle (November 19, 1959 – January 8, 2021) was an American comics artist who worked primarily as a penciller. He was best known as the artist of DC Comics' Legion of Super-Heroes and Doom Patrol titles.

## Biography

Steve Lightle attended the Johnson County Community College in the Kansas City metropolitan area. His first professional comic book work was a five-page story in Black Diamond #4 (Feb. 1984) published by AC Comics. He followed this with his debut at DC Comics, drawing a 10-page story in New Talent Showcase #4 (April 1984), a series intended to provide work for up-and-coming artists who did not have a regular assignment.
In 1984, Lightle followed Keith Giffen as the penciller of Legion of Super-Heroes. Lightle described it as being a "dream assignment" to work on the title. One of Lightle's issues featured the death of the longtime Legion member the Karate Kid. Although Lightle's tenure as interior artist was brief, he continued as the cover artist until 1988. Lightle co-created two Legionnaires, Tellus and Quislet, whose unusual appearances contrasted with the humanoid appearances of the other Legionnaires.
In 1986, Lightle was one of the contributors to the DC Challenge limited series and drew part of Batman #400 (Oct. 1986). The following year, he was the original penciller of the revival of Doom Patrol, but he left after the first five-issue story arc due to creative differences. Much of Lightle's work after that was as cover artist, typically inking his own penciled artwork. In 1989 and 1990, Lightle was the regular cover artist for Classic X-Men (later retitled X-Men Classic). He produced new covers and frontispieces to accompany the reprinted stories.
On January 8, 2021, Lightle's wife Marianne and son Matthew announced through social media that he had suddenly died from a cardiac arrest brought on by COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri. He was 61 years old.
# George Buchanan (disambiguation)

George Buchanan (1506–1582) was a Scottish humanist.
George Buchanan may also refer to:
* Sir George Buchanan (soldier) (died 1651), Scottish soldier during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
* George Buchanan (surgeon) (1827–1905), Scottish surgeon
* Sir George Buchanan (physician) (1831–1895), Chief Medical Officer (UK)
* Sir George Buchanan (diplomat) (1854–1924), British diplomat
* George Buchanan (engineer, born 1790) (1790–1852), Scottish civil engineer and land surveyor
* Sir George Buchanan (engineer, born 1865) (1865–1940), British civil engineer
* Sir George Seaton Buchanan (1869–1936), senior medical officer of the Ministry of Health (UK) and OIHP president
* George Buchanan (politician) (1890–1955), Scottish politician
* George Wesley Buchanan (1921–2019), American professor of theology
* George A. Buchanan (1842–1864), recipient of the Medal of Honor for actions in the American Civil War
* George Duncan Buchanan (c. 1935–2012), Anglican Bishop of Johannesburg
# Atella, Basilicata

Atella (Lucano: Ratèdde) is a town and comune in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata.
It is bounded by the comuni of Avigliano, Bella, Calitri, Filiano, Rionero in Vulture, Ripacandida, Ruvo del Monte and San Fele.
# Mylochromis mola

Mylochromis mola (mola hap) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi. This species can reach a length of 18 centimetres (7.1 in) TL. This species can also be found in the aquarium trade.
# Battle of Tiffauges

The battle of Torfou-Tiffauges was a battle on 19 September 1793 during the War in the Vendée. It pitted many Royalist military leaders against Republican troops under Jean-Baptiste Kléber and Canclaux.

## Course

15,000 men, detached as the Armée de Mayence from the Armée du Rhin after the fall of Mainz, were sent to reinforce Kléber's force. On 18 September, Charette and the Armée catholique et royale gathered again at Torfou, on the northern borders of Tiffauges.
The following day, at 9 am, fire was exchanged for the first time. Kléber launched one battalion to the right of Torfou and one to its left, attempting to encircle the town. The Vendéens under Charette coming towards them were discovered, fired on and forced into retreat. However, the women in the rear blocked the fleeing troops and convinced them to regroup and fight on the plateau where the Republicans were advancing.
François Henri d'Elbée de La Sablonière entered the line and Bonchamps tried to outflank the Republican left. Engulfed in Royalist troops, Kléber advanced four cannons but was shot in the shoulder before realising his centre had collapsed.

## Consequences

The Royalists decided to profit from the victory by pursuing the enemy and attacked Montaigu, where general Beysser was defeated. On 2 September, the Royalist leaders decided they must support Bonchamps and his attack on Kléber. However, Charette and Lescure decided to march on Saint-Fulgent, where the Republican army had arrived. This disobedience had one immediate result – on his return to Montaigu, Charette learned that Kléber had escaped to Bonchamps. He grouped his army and returned to Legé.
# Ted Thackrey

Theodore Olin Thackrey (November 17, 1901 – October 24, 1980) was an American journalist and publisher, best known as the editor of the New York Post in the 1940s, and the founder of the leftist New York City newspaper The Daily Compass.

## Biography

Following the demise of the leftist New York City newspaper PM, published from June 1940 to June 22, 1948, and that paper's first successor, the New York Star, published from June 23, 1948, to January 28, 1949, Ted Thackrey founded The Daily Compass. Thackrey had been the features editor of the New York Post before marrying Post owner Dorothy Schiff in 1943, after which the two became co-publishers/co-editors. In 1948, he became solo publisher of the Post at the behest of his wife, leading to a disastrous three-month tenure in which major advertisers dropped the paper and Schiff returned to take over. Thackrey "left with a following of firebrand writers to start his own paper", buying the building and physical plant at which PM and the Star had been published, at Duane Street and Hudson Street in Manhattan. With private financing, he founded The Daily Compass as its publisher and president. The paper began publishing on May 16, 1949, and ceased publication in November 1952.
After The Daily Compass ceased publication, Thackrey joined the public relations firm Ruder Finn. In 1959, Thackrey and Goldstein testified at the U.S. Senate's "Hearings Before the Select Committee in Improper Activities on the Labor or Management Field", which investigated alleged improprieties by the newspaper deliverers union and forcible payoffs in order to ensure Compass distribution.

## Family

His son, Ted Thackrey Jr. (1918?–2001), whose stepmother was Dorothy Schiff, later worked as a reporter for The Wichita Eagle in Wichita, Kansas, before joining the Los Angeles Examiner in the 1950s. He went on to the Los Angeles Times in 1968, where he eventually became a rewrite man. He died in July 2001.
# Disengagement originator

In telecommunications, a disengagement originator is the user or execution unit that initiates a disengagement attempt. The disengagement originator may be the originating user, the destination user, or the communications system. The communications system may deliberately originate the disengagement because of preemption, or inadvertently due to system malfunction.
# The Sky Is Crying

The Sky Is Crying may refer to:
* "The Sky Is Crying" (song), a blues song by Elmore James recorded by many artists
* The Sky Is Crying (album), a 1991 album by Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble
* The Sky Is Crying, a 2014 album by Erja Lyytinen
# Pitcairn (surname)

Pitcairn is a surname of Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Pitcairn (1750–1814), English cricketer
* David Pitcairn (1749–1809), Scottish physician, son of John Pitcairn and brother of the midshipman Robert Pitcairn
* Elizabeth Pitcairn (born 1973), American violinist
* Feodor Pitcairn (1934–2021), American photographer, cinematographer, naturalist and environmentalist, grandson of John Pitcairn and uncle of Elizabeth Pitcairn
* Harold Frederick Pitcairn (1897–1960), American aviation inventor and pioneer
* Hugh Pitcairn (1845–1911), first United States consul general to Hamburg, German Empire, brother of railroad executive Robert Pitcairn and John Pitcairn Jr.
* James Pitcairn (1776–1859), British physician and Director-General of the Medical Department for Ireland
* John Pitcairn (1722–1775), British marine officer during the American Revolutionary War
* John Pitcairn Jr. (1841–1916), Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist
* Joseph Pitcairn (1764–1844), American diplomat, landowner and the American consul to the free Hansa city of Hamburg
* Raymond Pitcairn (1885–1966), American lawyer, businessman and politician, son of John Pitcairn Jr.
* Robert Pitcairn (1836–1909), Scottish-American railroad executive
* Robert Pitcairn (antiquary) (1793–1855), British antiquary
* Robert Pitcairn (athlete) (1938–2022), Canadian sport shooter
* Robert Pitcairn (commendator) (1520?–1584), Scottish diplomat and judge
* Robert Pitcairn (Royal Navy officer) (1752–c.1770), Royal Navy midshipman, first European to sight Pitcairn Island, son of marine officer John Pitcairn
* Theodore Pitcairn (1893–1973), American clergyman, theologian, philanthropist and connoisseur of the arts and antiquities, son of the industrialist John Pitcairn
* Thomas Pitcairn (1800–1854), Scottish Presbyterian minister
* William Pitcairn (1712–1791), Scottish physician and botanist, brother of marine officer John Pitcairn
* William Fettes Pitcairn (1804–1891), Scottish theological author
# Freddie Gee

Fredrick Gee (23 June 1872 – 1943) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Stoke.

## Career

Born in Handsworth, Birmingham, Gee joined Stoke from Edgbaston at the end of the 1888–89 season and played in the final match away at Accrington. He played in 21 matches and scored five goals for Stoke before leaving at the end of the 1889–90 season.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke | 1888–89 | The Football League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Stoke | 1889–90 | The Football League | 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 20 | 5 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 17 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 21 | 5 |
# Leigh Stevenson

Air Vice Marshal Leigh Forbes Stevenson, CB (24 April 1895 – 3 March 1989) was a senior commander in the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War. Early in the First World War he served in the trenches on the Western Front before becoming a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps. After the war he joined the fledgling Canadian Air Force. Stevenson remained in Air Force service when in 1924 the Royal Canadian Air Force was founded and served throughout the inter-war years.
On 16 October 1940 Stevenson was appointed Air Officer Commanding the RCAF in Great Britain (changed to Air Officer-in-Chief the RCAF in Great Britain on 6 November) at the RCAF Overseas Headquarters in London. In 1942 he returned to Canada to take command of Western Air Command. In 1946, he was elected to represent Vancouver-Point Grey in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a member of the Coalition government; he served until 1952. He died at his home in Vancouver in 1989.
# Horovce

Horovce may refer to:
* Horovce, Michalovce District, village in Slovakia
* Horovce, Púchov District, village in Slovakia
# Gumberoo

In American folklore, the Gumberoo is a fearsome critter with hide so tough that bullets bounce off of it.

## Description

The gumberoo was described by early lumberjacks to be larger than a bear with a tough, shiny, black hide that nothing could pierce. The only way to kill it was said to be fire, which caused the creatures to explode.
# Sierakowice railway station

Sierakowice is a non-operational PKP railway station in Sierakowice (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.
The line of the railway can still be seen between Piwna and Skarpowa streets.

## Lines crossing the station

| Start station | End station | Line type |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Łeba | Dismantled |