OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lawrence Conrad

Lawrence Irvin Conrad (born 1949) is a British historian and scholar of Oriental studies, specializing in Near Eastern studies and the history of medicine. He currently serves as historian for the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in London.

## Education and career

Conrad received his Ph.D. from Princeton University, completing his dissertation on The Plague in the Early Medieval Near East in 1981. After a brief period working at the American University of Beirut, he moved in 1985 to the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine at University College, London. In 2001, he moved to the University of Hamburg, where he remained until his retirement in 2008. Conrad is known for his work on medieval Near Eastern social history, Arabic and Islamic medicine, and Arabic, Greek, and Syriac historiography.

## Selected publications

Authored books
* Conrad, Lawrence I.; Neve, Michael; Nutton, Vivian; Porter, Roy; Wear, Andrew (1995). The Western Medical Tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47564-8.
* Noth, Albrecht; et al. (Conrad, Lawrence I.) (1994). The early Arabic historical tradition: a source-critical study. Translated by Bonner, Michael. Princeton, N.J: Darwin Press. ISBN 0-87850-082-0. OCLC 29953544.
Edited books
* Conrad, Lawrence I., ed. (1996). The World of Ibn Ṭufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān. Brill. ISBN 90-04-10135-7.
Translated books
* Duri, Abd Al-Aziz (1983). The Rise of Historical Writing Among the Arabs. Translated by Conrad, Lawrence I. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5388-5.
# General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection

The General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection was a government body responsible for environmental issues, meteorological information and weather prediction in Saudi Arabia.

## History

When the Directorate of Military Affairs was established in 1930, it involved the Meteorology affairs before it separated to an independent entity called Directorate of Meteorology. in 1950 the Directorate of Meteorology was transformed to the General of Meteorology and the Civil Aviation Authority whereas later in 1981 become the Meteorology Department and Environmental Protection Administration. in 2011, it was amended to the General Presidency of Meteorology and Environment Protection and eventually in 2016, it was changed to the General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection.
In March 2019, the authority was officially dissolved by the council of ministers. The National Center for Meteorology, National Center for Wildlife, National Center for Vegetation Cover Development and Combatting Desertification, and National Center for Environmental Compliance were created in its place.

## Responsibilities

The authority is responsible for many tasks including:
* Developing and issuing the regulations and legislation that aims at the preservation of natural resources.
* Protection and preservation of the environment in the Kingdom
* Issuing early warnings of expected extreme weather events.
* Analyzing and evaluating the influences of some activities on the environment and proposing solutions.
# David Curiel

Don David Curiel (11 May 1594 – 4 October 1666), alias Lopo da Fonseca Ramires, was a Sephardi Jewish merchant.

## Early life and education

David Curiel was the son of Abraham Curiel and the brother of Jacob Curiel. He was sent to Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany.

## Diplomatic career

In Amsterdam, David Curiel served as Agent to the Spanish Crown as well as being engaged in the import business of jewellery and gunpowder across Europe. He was a financier of the Spanish delegation at the Peace of Westphalia.
Curiel was perhaps the most prominent member of Amsterdam's Sephardi community and was a generous patron of Hebrew scholarship.
Whilst in Amsterdam, Curiel was attacked by a robber, recognising who he was, and 'seriously wounded him with a knife'. Curiel pursued his attacker, with the help of his neighbours. The man was 'arrested, tried, and executed', and Curiel received a letter of apology from the Stadholder of the Netherlands.

## Family

Curiel had two sons born in the Netherlands. Samuel in 1655 and Isaac in 1659. He insisted that his sons be circumcised in accordance with Jewish law and is even said to have refrained from attending the stock exchange on the Sabbath.
# Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck (1414 – 4 April 1474) was a daughter of Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and his wife, Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, daughter of Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen.
Anna's first marriage was with Duke Albert III of Bavaria. They had the following children:
* John IV (1437–1463), Duke of Bavaria
* Ernest (1438–1460)
* Sigismund of Bavaria (1439–1501)
* Albert (1440–1445)
* Margaretha (1442–1479), married in 1463 with Marquess Frederick I of Mantua
* Elisabeth (1443–1484), married in 1460 with Elector Ernest of Saxony (1441–1486)
* Albert IV (1447–1508)
* Christopher (1449–1493)
* Wolfgang (1451–1514)
* Barbara, a nun in Munich
After Albert's death, she married Duke Frederick III of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen. This marriage remained childless.

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen :
# George P. Turner

George Puhoi Turner is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who represented New Zealand in the 1957 and 1960 World Cups.

## Playing career

Turner played in the Auckland Rugby League competition and was first selected to represent Auckland in 1956 in a tour of the South Island.
He was first selected for the New Zealand national rugby league team in the squad for the 1957 World Cup. He remained a regular in the squad until 1961, playing in 13 tests including test series against Great Britain, Australia, France and the 1960 World Cup. His last test match was against Australia in 1961.
Turner was part of the Auckland sides that toured the South Island in 1958, defeated France 14-5 at Carlaw Park in 1960 and defeated Australia 13-8 at the same venue in 1961.
# Kusunoki Masahide

Kusunoki Masahide, a descendant of Kusunoki Masahige, was a supporter of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period (15th century) in Japan. By attempting to restore the dynasty, Masahide followed in stealing the Three Sacred Treasures during the year 1443, then fled with the Southern pretender, Prince Manjuji to the Yoshino mountains. There Masahide held out on the site of the Ryusenji temple within Kotochi until the year 1457.
Kusunoki was an ordained priest within the Shin Buddhist branch Honganji-ha.
# New Zealand at the 1980 Winter Paralympics

New Zealand made its Winter Paralympic Games début in the 1980 Winter Paralympics in Geilo, Norway. The country was represented by three athletes, all in alpine skiing. They did not win any medals.

## Alpine skiing

Peter Baddeley, Ed Nichols and Craig Philip represented New Zealand in alpine skiing.
# Syamaprasad College

Syamaprasad College, established in 1945, is an undergraduate college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is affiliated with the University of Calcutta.

## Campus

The nearly century old main building of the college also hosts two other colleges. The building is home to the Syamaprasad College from 5 pm onwards. Conversely, from 6:10 am to 11:30 am the building hosts the all-girl Jogamaya Devi College and from 10 am to 5 pm, the co-educational Asutosh College. This system is common across Kolkata and some other cities in India.

## Departments
### Science

* Physics
* Mathematics
* Computer Science
* Electronics
* Economics
* Geography
* Computer Application (Major)
* Environmental Science

### Arts and Commerce

* Bengali
* English
* Sanskrit
* Hindi
* French
* History
* Political Science
* Philosophy
* Education
* Accounting and Finance
* Marketing

## Notable alumni

* Ranjit Mallick, actor
* Saheb Chatterjee, singer and actor
# Lawrence Cook (actor)

Lawrence Cook (May 7, 1930 – December 27, 2003) was an American actor.
Cook starred in The Spook Who Sat by the Door (1973). In that film, which was based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Sam Greenlee, Cook portrayed Dan Freeman, a secret black nationalist who is trained by the CIA and later trains and leads black freedom fighters in an uprising against the U.S. government.
Before The Spook Who Sat by the Door, Cook appeared in films such as Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970) and Trouble Man (1972). After Spook, he appeared in Colors (1988) and Posse (1993), as well as in television series including Family Matters, The Mod Squad, Columbo and McMillan & Wife. He also appeared as Paul Grant on the daytime soap opera Days Of Our Lives from 1975 to 1976.
Cook died in 2003 in Marina del Rey, California. He was buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1970 | The Landlord | Larry | |
| 1970 | Cotton Comes to Harlem | 1st Young Black Man | |
| 1972 | The Man | Congressman Steller | |
| 1972 | Trouble Man | Buddy | |
| 1973 | The Spook Who Sat by the Door | Dan Freeman | |
| 1975 | Lord Shango | Jabo | |
| 1988 | Colors | Officer Young | |
| 1992 | Interceptor | Major Haroldson | |
| 1992 | Posse | Cook | |
| 1993 | No More Dirty Deals | Carlton | (final film role) |
# General Service Medal (Venda)

The General Service Medal was instituted by the President of the Republic of Venda in 1985, for award to all ranks for service in defence of Venda or in the prevention or suppression of terrorism.

## The Venda Defence Force

The 900 member Venda Defence Force (VDF) was established upon that country's independence on 13 September 1979. The Republic of Venda ceased to exist on 27 April 1994 and the Venda Defence Force was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).

## Institution

The General Service Medal was instituted by the President of Venda in 1985. Venda's military decorations and medals were modelled on those of the Republic of South Africa and the General Service Medal is the approximate equivalent of the Pro Patria Medal.

## Award criteria

The medal could be awarded to all ranks for service in defence of Venda or in the prevention or suppression of terrorism.

## Order of wear

Since the General Service Medal was authorised for wear by one of the statutory forces which came to be part of the South African National Defence Force on 27 April 1994, it was accorded a position in the official South African order of precedence on that date.

### Venda Defence Force until 26 April 1994

* Official VDF order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Venda Defence Force Medal.
** Succeeded by the Independence Medal.
* Venda official national order of precedence:
** Preceded by the National Force Medal for Combating Terrorism.
** Succeeded by the Police Medal for Combating Terrorism.

### South African National Defence Force from 27 April 1994

* Official SANDF order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Pro Patria Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
** Succeeded by the Southern Africa Medal of the Republic of South Africa.
* Official national order of precedence:
** Preceded by the Police Medal for Maintenance of Law and Order of the Republic of Ciskei.
** Succeeded by the Police Medal for Combating Terrorism of the Republic of Venda.
The position of the General Service Medal in the official order of precedence was revised twice after 1994, to accommodate the inclusion or institution of new decorations and medals, first in April 1996 when decorations and medals were belatedly instituted for the two former non-statutory forces, the Azanian People's Liberation Army and Umkhonto we Sizwe, and again upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged on both occasions.

## Description
### Obverse

The General Service Medal is a disk struck in bronze, 38 millimetres in diameter, depicting an elephant's head above two crossed battle-axes.

### Reverse

The reverse displays the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Venda.

### Ribbon

The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with a 2 millimetres wide yellow band, a 7 millimetres wide brown band and a 2 millimetres wide yellow band, repeated and separated by a 10 millimetres wide green band.

## Discontinuation

Conferment of the General Service Medal was discontinued when the Republic of Venda ceased to exist on 27 April 1994.
# Anna mä meen

"Anna mä meen" is a song by Finnish rapper Cheek. The song features an appearance by a singer Jonne Aaron. The song serves as the fourth single from Cheek's seventh studio album Sokka irti. The song peaked at number one on the Finnish Singles Chart in December 2012. A music video, directed by Petri Lahtinen, was uploaded to YouTube in October 2012.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Finland (The Official Finnish Singles Chart) | 1 |
# Taifun

Taifun may refer to:

## Military and transportation

* Taifun 9M15, a Soviet prototype anti-tank missile
* Taifun, German WWII Thermobaric weapon system
* Taifun (rocket), German anti-aircraft rocket system
* Taifun (radar), Soviet system used in Sukhoi Su-15
* Messerschmidt Taifun, a 1930s German aircraft (Bf 108)
* Valentin Taifun, 1980s sailplane
* Soviet trawler Taifun, also known as USS Penetrate (AM-271)
* Taifun, 8m sailing boat in which Norway won gold in the 1912 Olympics
* Wings of Change Taifun, an Austrian paraglider design

## Film and music

* Typhoon (1933 film), Original title Taifun
# Myra Kathleen Hughes

Myra Kathleen Hughes (9 September 1877 – 21 August 1918) was an Irish artist and etcher, best known for her series Vanishing London.

## Early life

Myra Kathleen Hughes was born in Polehore, Wexford on 9 September 1877. She came from a wealthy military family. Her father was Sir Frederick Hughes of Rosslare Fort and Barntown House who served in the 7th Madras Light Cavalry. She had 2 brothers and 4 sisters. She attended the Westminster School of Art, going on to study etching and engraving under Frank Short and Constance Mary Pott at the Royal College of Art in London, living the rest of her life in London.

## Professional career

She was elected an associate of the Royal Society of Painter Etchers and Engravers in 1911, making her one of only 35 women in the 258 membership. She later served as president of the society. She exhibited with the Royal Society of Painter Etchers and Engravers as well as the Royal Academy and the Dudley Galleries, the Royal Hibernian Academy, the Watercolour Society of Ireland and the Dublin Sketching Club. She was considered one of the leading artists of the British Etching revival.
Hughes's work focused on en plein air studies of both natural and urban landscapes. One of her most popular series was Vanishing London, which were etchings of London landmark buildings she captured before they were demolished. She is considered to be an accomplished draughtsman, and was one of a small number or artists who experimented with colour printing at the turn of the 20th century. In 1917, she travelled to Palestine, writing and illustrating the book, Impressions of Palestine. She contracted tuberculosis there, from which she died at Hindhead, Surrey on 21 August 1918.

## Legacy

The British Museum holds the largest collection of her prints, which were donated after her death by her family through Mary C. Hamilton. The National Gallery of Ireland holds two prints by Hughes, one of which depicts College Green, Dublin. Trinity College Dublin holds a series of 5 etchings by Hughes which depict the College grounds.
# Ugia malagasy

Ugia malagasy is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in Madagascar.
# 2022 in Cuba

This article covers events in the year 2022 in Cuba.

## Events

* May 6 - Hotel Saratoga explosion: At least 26 people are killed and at least 74 others are injured by an explosion caused by a suspected gas leak at the Hotel Saratoga in Havana.
* June 6 - The Biden administration bans the presidents of Cuba, Venezuela, and Nicaragua from attending this year's Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles, United States. Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announces that he will personally boycott the meeting in response to the ban, sending Foreign Secretary Marcelo Ebrard to represent him at the summit.
* June 24 - 2021 Cuban protests: A court in Cuba sentences two protesters to between five and nine years in prison for desecrating the Cuban flag and resisting authority during last year's protests.
* July 7 - Authorities in Cuba say that dengue fever cases have increased 21.7% from last year and describe the epidemiological situation as "complex".
* August 6 - One person is killed and at least 121 others are injured after a lightning strike causes a fire near the supertanker port in Matanzas.
* August 9 - Matanzas oil storage facility explosion: Firefighters in Cuba bring a catastrophic fire at an oil terminal in Matanzas under control after it burned out of control for five consecutive days, destroying 40% of the country's main fuel storage facility and causing widespread blackouts.
* August 17 - The death toll from the August 6 fire at a supertanker port in Matanzas rises to 16. All the deceased were firefighters who were battling the blaze.
* August 20 - Cuba confirms its first case of monkeypox.
* September 25 - 66.9% of Cubans vote in favor a new Family Code in a national referendum, which includes the legalization of same-sex marriage.
* November 27 - 2022 Cuban local elections

## Deaths

* January 3 – Gina Cabrera, 93, actor.
* January 13 - Cholly Naranjo, 87, baseball player.
* January 13 - Raúl Vilches, 67, volleyball player.
* January 18 - Hilario Candela, 87, architect.
* February 12 - Carmen Herrera, 106, artist.
* February 12 - Aurelio de la Vega, 96, composer.
* April 10 - Estela Rodríguez, 54, Judoku.
* April 30 - Ricardo Alarcón, 84, politician.
* June 8 - Isabel Álvarez, 88, baseball player.
* June 23 - Leo Posada, 88, baseball player.
* June 27 - Fina García Marruz, 99, poet.
* July 1 - Luis Alberto Rodríguez López-Calleja, 62, politician.
* July 6 - Ed Bauta, 87, baseball player.
* July 7 - Mike Brito, 87, baseball scout.
* July 10 - Juan Roca Brunet, 71, basketball player.
* July 15 - José Ramón Balaguer Cabrera, 90, politician.
* July 17 - César Pedroso, 75, pianist.
* August 4 - Agustín Drake Aldama, 87, sculptor.
* August 23 - Rolando Cubela Secades, 89, revolutionary.
# Gary Lee

Gary Lee may refer to:
* Gary A. Lee (born 1933), U.S. Representative from New York
* Gary Yia Lee (born 1949), Hmong anthropologist and author based in Australia
* Gary Lee (American football) (born 1965), played for the Detroit Lions
* Gary Lee (artist) [fr], Australian artist, winner of the 2022 NATSIAA Telstra Works on Paper Award
* Gary Lee (journalist) (born 1956), wrote for Time and the Washington Post
* Gary Lee (politician) (born 1947), American politician in North Dakota
* Gary Lee (footballer) (born 1966), English footballer
* Harith Gary Lee (born 1964), Singaporean convicted of murdering his girlfriend in 2003
* Geddy Lee (born 1953), Canadian musician, born Gary Lee Weinrib
# Son Servera

Son Servera (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in northeast Majorca, in the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Founded in 1300 by James I of Aragon, in the lands of the Servera family, Son Servera was first documented in 1354 with the name of Benicanella, which would later become two towns: Son Fra Garí and Ca l'Hereu which would then become Son Servera. In 1814, king Ferdinand VII puts Son Servera municipality in Arta. In 1920, the population was struck by plague, but in 1934 the population reached 1,000 inhabitants and returned to the status of municipality.
With more than 10,000 inhabitants, Son Servera contains Cala Millor, a popular summer tourist area, with a large German community. Costa de los Pinos is a summer destination for Spanish high society.
Sant Joan is the patron saint of the town and is celebrated on 24 June with a fiesta. The fiesta runs for a week with a local fair, farmers market, agricultural stalls, and the local dancers perform traditional mallorquine dance of Ball de bot.

## Notable individuals

* Antonio Luna Rodríguez, footballer
# Lee Trevino's Fighting Golf

Lee Trevino's Fighting Golf (ファイティング ゴルフ, Faitingu Gorufu) is a one to four-player arcade video game released by SNK in 1988, and later ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System that same year.

## Summary

The player can choose between four different golfers with varying advantages and disadvantages. Lee Trevino (who lent his endorsement to this North American NES version of the game) is playable (only in the North American version) as a character named Super Mex (an actual nickname of his; the Japanese version uses a character named Birdie Tommy in place of Trevino himself). Other characters include Pretty Amy/Eri, Miracle Chosuke and Big Jumbo. Pretty Amy has limited range, but the easiest control ("control" refers to the length of the aiming guide). Miracle Chosuke and Super Mex have average attributes. Big Jumbo has the best range, but the worst control. Despite the title, no fighting is involved in the game. The player has to avoid sand traps, water hazards, rough ground and trees.
The courses range from relatively straightforward fairways to elaborate arrangements of sand traps. The two courses available for play are the United States, which consists of mostly bunkers and super rough, and the Japan course, consisting of water and tight boundaries. The United States course is modeled after PGA West Stadium Course.
At the end of the game, the player is greeted with a photorealistic shot of the country club lodge against the setting sun and surrounded by trees.

## Reception

In Japan, Game Machine listed Lee Trevino's Fighting Golf on their May 1, 1988 issue as being the ninth most-successful table arcade unit of the month.
GameRevolution ranked this game as #23 on the 50 Worst Video Game Names of All Time list.

## Legacy

The game was parodied in the season 7 episode of The Simpsons titled "Marge Be Not Proud", with the game in the episode referred to by the Comic Book Guy as "Lee Carvallo's Putting Challenge".
# Heparin-sulfate lyase

The enzyme heparin-sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.8) catalyzes the chemical reaction
    Elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-lucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin-sulfate lyase. Other names in common use include heparin-sulfate eliminase, heparitin-sulfate lyase, heparitinase I, and heparitinase II.
# Taiga (1958 film)

Taiga is a 1958 West German drama film directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner and starring Ruth Leuwerik, Hannes Messemer and Günter Pfitzmann.
It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert Herlth and Gottfried Will. The title refers to the taiga that covers much of Siberia.

## Synopsis

After the Second World War a female doctor tends to the German prisoners held in a camp in Siberia.

## Cast

* Ruth Leuwerik as Hanna Dietrich
* Hannes Messemer as Roeder
* Günter Pfitzmann as Dickmann
* Viktor Staal as Weber
* Hans Quest as Weinert
* Paul Bösiger as Reimers
* Walter Ladengast as Bachmann
* Willi Rose as Berthold
* Charles Regnier as Becker
* Alexander Engel as Sazarin
* Peter Lühr as Westrecht
* Werner Hessenland as Kessler
* August Holler as Schönreich
* Egon Vogel as Beyfuss
* Georg Lehn as Fahlke
* Willy Schultes as Seitz
* Peter Capell as Richter
* Arnulf Schröder as Feuerbach
* Wolfgang Büttner as Sennewald
* Wolf Ackva as Engelhardt
* Ernst Konstantin as Malinkovic
* Peter Vogel as Winter