OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hunt Commission

The Hunt Commission or Commission on Presidential Nominations was a commission set up in 1981 by the Democratic Party in the United States in order to change the way that the party selected its presidential candidate. The commission was chaired by then-North Carolina Governor James Hunt.

## Background

The 1980 Democratic National Convention saw a bitter fight over rules and platform issues. In response to this, the Hunt Commission was convened in 1981.

## Effects

The most prominent result of the commission was the creation of superdelegates. Additionally, it lowered the percentage of delegates needed to gain representation at the convention, to 25% for primary states, and 20% for those holding caucuses. It also recommended that states make efforts to include low- and moderate-income individuals in their convention delegate pools. The commission recognized that states which organized primaries or caucuses earlier in the year received greater media attention, and so, in response, allowed states to hold nominating events over the course of three months, but allowed New Hampshire to hold its primary no more than one week before other states, and Iowa to hold its caucuses no more than 15 days before the rest of the states.
# Amylofungus

Amylofungus is a genus of fungi in the Stereaceae family.
# Serendib (spider)

Serendib is a genus of Southeast Asian corinnid sac spiders first described by Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold in 2001. As of April 2019 it contains only three species.
# Coomassie

Coomassie may refer to:
* Coomassie brilliant blue, a dye
* Coomassie, an historical name for Kumasi, Ghana, and namesake of the dye
# Greifenstein (disambiguation)

Greifenstein is a municipality in Germany.
It may also refer to the following castles:
* Burg Greifenstein in Austria
* Château de Greifenstein in Saverne, France
* Greifenstein Castle in Filisur, Switzerland
* Greifenstein Castle (Hesse) in Greifenstein, Germany
* Schloss Greifenstein in Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken, Germany
* Castel Greifenstein [it], a ruin near Bolzano, Italy
# Sozialistischer Schutzbund (Germany)

Sozialistischer Schutzbund ('Socialist Protection League', abbreviated SSB) was a paramilitary formation in Weimar Germany, linked to the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAPD). SSB was active between 1931 and 1933. The organization mainly acted as guards at election campaign meetings. SSB also guarded offices of the party and the Socialist Youth League of Germany. The SSB wore a uniform with blue shirts, red armbands and dark blue caps. SSB earned a degree of respect for its discipline.
SSB was formed by members of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold. At the time of the founding of the organization, the SSB had some 100 members. SSB made its first public appearance in Zwickau on 8 November 1931. Some 500 SSB members paraded through the city. On 6 December 1931 a SSB march with 500 participants took place.
In 1932 the Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (KPD(O)) dissident Karl Borromäus Frank joined SAPD, and was appointed as the national chief of SSB. Frank was expelled from the party later the same year.
# Medarex

Medarex was an American biopharmaceutical company based in Princeton, New Jersey, with manufacturing facilities in Bloomsbury and Annandale, New Jersey, and research facilities in Milpitas and Sunnyvale, California. In 2009, Medarex was purchased by Bristol Myers Squibb.
Medarex developed monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 and PD-1, which are proteins on the surface of T cells. T cells attack cancer cells, but CTLA-4 and PD-1 act as "brakes" on the T cell's anti-cancer activities. The monoclonal antibodies bind to these proteins and block them, releasing the T cell to attack cancer cells.
Several monoclonal antibodies developed by Medarex have been approved for disease therapy. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Simponi, a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha co-developed with Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Biotech, for treatment of arthritis. In 2011, the U.S. FDA approved ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody to CTLA-4, for treatment of metastatic melanoma. In 2014, the U.S. FDA approved nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody to PD-1, for treatment of advanced melanoma. Its use was expanded to the treatment of squamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma in 2015.
Medarex developed some of the first transgenic mice with humanized immune systems, in order to generate fully human antibodies. Many of the on-market monoclonal antibodies have been derived from this platform.

## History

Medarex was founded in 1987 by a group of immunologists at Dartmouth Medical School—Dr. Michael W. Fanger, Dr. Paul M. Guyre, and Dr. Edward D. Ball — who partnered with Donald L. Drakeman and Charles Schaller of Essex Chemical Company, through its venture capital arm Essex Vencap.
Drakeman, a Dartmouth graduate, brought the parties together and served as the company's chief executive officer. The company went public in 1991, with 2,300,000 shares of common stock at $6.10 per share and 2,250,000 Redeemable Warrants offered at its IPO. The company's second president and CEO was Howard H. Pien, succeeding Drakeman in 2007. Genmab was founded as a European spin-off of American Biotech company Medarex in February 1999.
The company was acquired by Bristol Myers Squibb in 2009 for $2.4 billion, which included $300 million in debt, making the payment to Medarex $2.1 billion.
# Róbert Kreutz

Róbert Kreutz (3 January 1923 - 24 December 1944) was a Hungarian Communist born in Budapest. He became a steelworker, working in the Manfréd Weiss Steel and Metal Works and participated in the youth movement during the 1930s. He was active in the resistance movement against Germans in World War II and was arrested on November 23, 1944. Sentenced to death by a military court along with Istvan Patki and Barnabas Pesti, he was executed on December 24, 1944, just short of his 22nd birthday.
In 1974 a commemorative stamp was issued in his honor by the Hungarian Postal Service. In 1977 a public plaque was erected in Orczy Garden, Budapest. After the fall of communism it was taken down and moved to Memento Park, Budapest, opened in 1993 to house monuments associated with Communism or anti-Nazi resistance thus no longer considered acceptable for display in public places. The plaque inscription is a quote from the poem "A Breath of Air" by Attila József which reads: "Come freedom! Bring me order. Show the way, teach me with kind words and leave some time for play to your beautiful, serious son".
# Róbert Koltai

Róbert Koltai (born 16 December 1943) is a Hungarian actor, film director and screenwriter. He has appeared in over 90 films since 1967. He appeared in the 1976 film Man Without a Name, which was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement. He also appeared in Béla Tarr's 1981 film, The Prefab People. From the 1990s onwards, Koltai also worked as a successful film director.

## Selected filmography

* Man Without a Name (1976)
* The Train Killer [hu] (1983)
* Sound Eroticism (1986)
* Love, Mother (1987)
* Memories of a River (1990)
* We Never Die (1993)
* Samba (1996)
* Out of Order (1997)
# Aldo Capitanio

Aldo Capitanio (May 28, 1952 – September 19, 2001) was an Italian comic book artist.
He was born in Camisano Vicentino (Veneto). After obtaining a degree at the Institute of Arts and Crafts in Padua, he debuted as artist in 1970 on the periodical Il Santo dei Miracoli. Two years later he was published on Luciano Secchi's Eureka, and, in 1973, he became a collaborator of Il Giornalino, for which he realized adventure stories. In the 1970s he also provided art for some episodes of Enzo Biagi's History of Italy in Comics.
In the 1980s he started to collaborate for Sergio Bonelli Editore, Italy's most important comics publisher. After several episodes of Nick Raider, he became part of the regular staff of Tex.
Capitanio was renowned for his taste for details and his love for Middle Ages settings. He died in 2001, aged 49.
# Aleosteus

Aleosteus is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish of the Early Devonian period. The type species Aleosteus eganensis was described in 2000, and was found in the Late Emsian strate of the Sevy Dolomite Formation, in the Egan Range of east-central Nevada, USA. Almost complete fossils belong to juvenile and adult specimens and show a short and broad skull, posteriorly concave.

## Etymology

The generic name Aleosteus comes from the Ancient Greco-Roman game "alea", a game of chance involving dice, as an allusion to Nevada's reputation for gambling. The species name eganensis is based on the type locality in the Egan Mountain Range in Nevada.

## Classification

Aleosteus is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, closely related to Simblaspis, as shown in the cladogram below:
| Eurycaraspis incilis Lunaspis broilii Arthrodira Yujiangolepis liujingensis Antarctaspis mcmurdoensis Wuttagoonaspidae Wuttagoonaspis fletcheri Yiminaspis shenme Aethaspis major Aethaspis utahensis Lehmanosteus hyperboreus Aleosteus eganensis Simblaspis cachensis Kujdanowiaspis buczacziensis Kujdanowiaspis podolica Erikaspis zychi Sigaspis lepidophora Eskimaspis heintzi Baringaspis dineleyi Proaethaspis ohioensis Anarthraspis chamberlini Heightingtonaspis anglica Phyllolepida Gavinaspis convergens Austrophyllolepis sp. Cowralepis mclachlani Phyllolepis orvini Placolepis budawangensis Actinolepidae Bollandaspis woschmidti Actinolepis spinosa Actinolepis magna Actinolepis tuberculata Bryantolepis brachycephalus Phlyctaenioidei Phlyctaeniidae Groenlandaspidae Arctaspidae Dicksonosteus arcticus Arctolepidae Brachythoraci | Actinolepidoidei Phlyctaeniina |
# Aleotti

Aleotti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alessandro Aleotti (born 1972), Italian singer
* Antonio Aleotti (died 1527), Italian painter
* Giovan Battista Aleotti (1546–1636), Italian architect
* Giovanni Aleotti (born 1999), Italian cyclist
* Massimiliana Landini Aleotti (born 1942), Italian co-owner of pharmaceutical company Menarini
* Raffaella Aleotti, thought to be the same person as Vittoria Aleotti, below
* Vittoria Aleotti (c. 1575–1620), Italian nun, composer and organist
# Ryan Ferguson (musician)

Ryan Ferguson (born c. 1975) is an indie rock guitarist and singer-songwriter, formerly of Southern California band No Knife. In 2004 he contributed the acoustic track "Wait for Me There" to the compilation album San Diego Is Burning. Ferguson's solo debut Three, Four was released in July 2005, winning a San Diego Music Award for "Best Pop Record" that year. Critic Chris Nixon cited it as one of the best releases of the year for San Diego musicians. The Sims 2 featured an interpretation of the album's lead track "Suddenly". He went on to tour with American rock band Switchfoot, and released a full-length album entitled Only Trying to Help in 2007.
Ferguson's influences include Jellyfish and Wire. Critic Kevin Bronson labelled Ferguson's style as "power pop", and Ferguson commented, "We're not ashamed of playing pop songs anymore."

## Discography
### Albums

* Only Trying to Help (2007) Better Looking Records
* Three, Four EP (2005) Jr Varsity Records

### Compilations

* "My Favorite Songwriters" (2004) Five One, Inc.
# Me Collectors Room Berlin

me Collectors Room Berlin / Stiftung Olbricht (Olbricht Foundation) was an exhibition space in Berlin, Germany, situated on Auguststrasse 68. Founded by art collector, endocrinologist and heir to Germany's Wella hair-care estate Thomas Olbricht, the space opened its doors on 1 May 2010. Besides showcasing Olbricht's own collection, the me Collectors Room Berlin also provided a platform for presenting other international private collections. The “me” in me Collectors Room Berlin stands for "moving energies".

## Collections and building

The 1,300 square metres (14,000 sq ft) venue in Berlin's Mitte district houses Olbricht's permanently installed Wunderkammer (cabinet of curiosities) as well as changing exhibitions of contemporary art drawn from his personal collection or from other international private collectors. The Olbricht collection encompasses several thousand art works (sources vary between 2,500 to 4,000) by 250 artists such as Gerhard Richter, Thomas Demand, Marlene Dumas, Cindy Sherman, Jonas Burgert and Eric Fischl. The me Collectors Room Berlin is funded by the Olbricht Foundation.
The two-story building itself was designed specifically for the needs of the me Collectors Room Berlin by the architectural firm Düttmann + Kleymann in conjunction with Thomas Olbricht. In addition to the exhibition rooms, the building includes a shop, café and residential apartments.

## Exhibitions

Besides the permanent Wunderkammer exhibition with over 200 objects from the Renaissance and the Baroque, the me Collectors Room Berlin shows about three contemporary art exhibitions each year. The first exhibition in the me Collectors Room Berlin was held from 1 May to 12 September 2010 and titled Passion Fruits picked from The Olbricht Collection. The show included art works by an equal number of female and male artists to represent the diversity in contemporary art.
# Mediavia

Mediavia is a genus of snout moths erected by Maria Alma Solis in 1993.

## Species

Original genus follows the author citation:
* Mediavia aciusa (Schaus, 1925) (Macalla)
* Mediavia agnesa (Schaus, 1925) (Tetralopha)
* Mediavia bevnoa (Schaus, 1925) (Stericta)
* Mediavia discalis (Hampson, 1906) (Jocara)
* Mediavia dissimilis (Warren, 1891) (Roeseliodes)
* Mediavia eadberti (Schaus, 1925) (Stericta)
* Mediavia emerantia (Schaus, 1922) (Stericta)
* Mediavia glaucinalis (Hampson, 1906) (Stericta)
** Synonym: M. paschasia (Schaus, 1925) (Stericta)
* Mediavia grenvilalis (Schaus, 1934 (Jocara)
* Mediavia hermengilda (Schaus, 1925 (Stericta)
* Mediavia ildefonsa (Schaus, 1922) (Stericta)
* Mediavia internigralis (Dognin, 1909) (Pococera)
* Mediavia longistriga (Schaus, 1922) (Jocara)
** Synonym: M. comgalla (Schaus, 1925) (Stericta)
* Mediavia phaebadia (Schaus, 1925) (Stericta)
* Mediavia vimina (Schaus, 1922) (Jocara)
# Spanska Siw

Spanska Siw is a 1970 Siw Malmkvist studio album.

## Track listing
### Side A

* Spanska Siw (Spanish Rose)
* Livet är fullt av svindlande höjder (The Peaceful Heart)
* Vackraste paret i världen (La Coppia Piu' Bella Del Mondo), with Svante Thuresson
* Ingenting går upp mot gamla Skåne (Wärst du doch in Düsseldorf geblieben)
* Primaballerina

### Side B

* Köp en tulpan (annars får du en snyting)
* Ljuva barndomstid (Sweet Blidness)
* Jag är kvinna, du är man (You're a Woman, I'm a Man), with Svante Thuresson
* Leonard, Lisa och Leif (Love Was so Easy to Give)
* Riddar Blåskägg (Take a Bow Rufus Humfry)
# Josep Maria Beal

Josep Maria Beal i Benedico (died 23 November 2019) was an Andorran politician who served as General Syndic (Speaker) of the General Council since 12 January 1990 until 15 February 1991, when he resigned suffering from a disease that would end up confining him to a wheelchair. He abandoned the first line of politics until 2003, when he was candidate in the 2003 local elections but unsuccessfully.
Between 1984 and 1989 he served as Cònsol Major (Mayor) of Escaldes-Engordany and promoted one of the best known spas in the world Caldea.
He was considered one of the most important and key figures as one of the promotors of the constituent process that ended with the approval of the Constitution in 1993. His last public appearance was in the acts of celebration of the 25 years of the Constitution in March 2018.
Beal died on 23 November 2019 at the age of 77. His death shocked Andorran politics and his funeral, held on 25 November, was attended by the Prime Minister Xavier Espot and the current General Syndic Roser Suñé Pascuet among other important representatives.
# Alex Clarke (netball)

Alex Clarke (née Hodge; born 30 September 1977) is an Australian retired netball player. Clarke was a member of the Australian national team that won gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England. Domestically, she played 113 matches over 11 years in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy, playing for the Adelaide Thunderbirds, Queensland Firebirds and Sydney Sandpipers. Clarke also played for the Adelaide Thunderbirds in the ANZ Championship. After the 2008 season, Clarke announced her retirement from netball.
# Rudolf Jahn

Rudolf "Rudi" Jahn (4 November 1906 – 30 September 1990), was a German politician (KPD, SED) and Minister-President of Brandenburg (1949–1952).

## Biography

Rudolf "Rudi" Jahn was born in Paunsdorf near Leipzig. His father was a metalworker. After attending elementary school, from 1921 until 1925 Jahn training as a construction and furniture carpenter. At the beginning of his apprenticeship, Jahn joined the Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend (SAJ, or Socialist Worker Youth).
In 1922 he became a member of the German Woodworkers' Association, and in 1923 a member of the Young Communist League of Germany (KJVD). Around 1924, he had two investigations for high treason due to his participation in the “Congress of the Working People” in Eisenach, and in the armed fighting during the "Bloody Sunday of Halle [de]".
Between 1925 until 1928, Jahn traveled to Denmark, Switzerland, Sweden, and Yugoslavia. After he returned to Saxony, Jahn became a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).
# Josh Appignanesi

Josh Appignanesi (born 1975) is a British film director, producer, and screenwriter. Appignanesi is best known for the feature film Song of Songs (2006), starring Natalie Press, which he directed, co-wrote and co-produced. The film won several awards including a special commendation for Best British Film at the Edinburgh Film Festival. Made on a tiny budget, the film is a dark study of the intense relationship between a brother and highly religious sister in London's Orthodox Jewish community. The film had a small, arthouse UK release but received critical acclaim; The Observer said it "reveals a distinctive and bold new voice in British cinema." He has written and directed several short films, most notably Ex Memoria (2006) which also stars Natalie Press as well as Sara Kestelman in a study of a woman with Alzheimer's disease, funded by the Wellcome Trust; and Nine 1/2 Minutes (2003), a romantic comedy starring David Tennant.

## Life and career

In 2006, Appignanesi directed his first feature film, Song of Songs.
In 2010, he directed and script edited the comedy feature film The Infidel, written by David Baddiel and starring Omid Djalili, Richard Schiff, Archie Panjabi, Amit Shah and Yigal Naor. Produced by Arvind David at Slingshot, the film follows the adventures of a British Muslim everyman (Djalili) who discovers he was born Jewish. The film was released internationally in Spring 2010, and in the UK with distributor Revolver Entertainment.
He lives in London and studied anthropology at King's College, Cambridge, where he was a contemporary and close friend of the novelist Zadie Smith. Appignanesi is married to academic Devorah Baum. The couple have two sons together. Appignanesi co-directed 2016 documentary film The New Man with Baum about their experience as expectant parents. The film was described in The Observer as "a profoundly moving and revealing study of a life-changing event."
In 2023, he and Baum produced and directed Husband, a documentary about their marriage through the lens of a trip to New York City for Baum's book launch. In a positive review, The Guardian called it "a complex, subtle kind of guided reality show, like Made in Chelsea with a hint of Curb Your Enthusiasm."
Appignanesi describes his mid‑2023 film My Extinction and the accompanying personal journey to climate activism in The Guardian.
He is the son of writers Lisa and Richard Appignanesi and brother of Katrina Forrester.
# Metal-binding protein

Metal-binding proteins are proteins or protein domains that chelate a metal ion.
Binding of metal ions via chelation is usually achieved via histidines or cysteines. In some cases this is a necessary part of their folding and maintenance of a tertiary structure. Alternatively, a metal-binding protein may maintain its structure without the metal (apo form) and bind it as a ligand (e.g. as part of metal homeostasis). In other cases a coordinated metal cofactor is used in the active site of an enzyme to assist catalysis.

## Histidine-rich metal-binding proteins

Poly-histidine tags (of six or more consecutive His residues) are utilized for protein purification by binding to columns with nickel or cobalt, with micromolar affinity. Natural poly-histidine peptides, found in the venom of the viper Atheris squamigera have been shown to bind Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Cu(2+) and affect the function of venom metalloproteases. Furthermore, histidine-rich low-complexity regions are found in metal-binding and especially nickel-cobalt binding proteins. These histidine-rich low complexity regions have an average length of 36 residues, of which 53% histidine, 23% aspartate, 9% glutamate. Intriguingly, structured domains with metal binding properties also have very similar frequencies of these amino acids that are involved in the coordination of the metal. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that these metal-binding structured domains could have originated and evolved/optimized from metal-binding low-complexity protein regions of similar amino acid content.
# Korhogo Department

Korhogo Department is a department of Poro Region in Savanes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 748,393 and its seat is the settlement of Korhogo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Dassoungboho, Kanoroba, Karakoro, Kiémou, Kombolokoura, Komborodougou, Koni, Korhogo, Lataha, Nafoun, Napiéolédougou, N'Ganon, Niofoin, Sirasso, Sohouo, and Tioroniaradougou.

## History

Korhogo Department was created in 1969 as one of the 24 new departments that were created to take the place of the six departments that were being abolished. It was created from territory that was formerly part of Nord Department. Using current boundaries as a reference, from 1969 to 2008 the department occupied the same territory as Poro Region.
In 1997, regions were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast; as a result, all departments were converted into second-level subdivisions. Korhogo Department was included as part of Savanes Region.
Korhogo Department was divided in 2008 to create Sinématiali Department and in 2011 to create Dikodougou Department.
In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Korhogo Department became part of Poro Region in Savanes District.
Korhogo Department was divided a third time in 2012, when four sub-prefectures were split-off to create M'Bengué Department.

### Maps of historical boundaries

* Korhogo Department upon its creation in 1969. It kept these boundaries until 2008, but other departments began to be divided in 1974.
* Korhogo Department from 2008 to 2011. (Other subdivision boundaries began to change in 2009.)
* Korhogo Department from 2011 to 2012.