OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Society of Christian Socialists

The Society of Christian Socialists (SCS), founded in Boston in 1889, was the first self-proclaimed Christian socialist organization in the United States.

## History

The primary figure in the creation of the SCS was William Dwight Porter Bliss, an Episcopal priest. Bliss had been interested in social problems and had been active in various groups to help advance the cause of labor. While he was in the First Nationalist Club of Boston, the most important group of the Bellamyite Nationalist movement, he broached the idea of forming a society that would espouse socialism from an explicitly Christian viewpoint. On February 18, 1889, Bliss, Francis Bellamy, A. G. Lawson, and sixteen others met at Tremont Temple to discuss the possibility. A declaration of principles was adopted on April 15, a constitution on April 24 and a meeting to effect permanent organization on May 7. The first issue of the group's magazine, The Dawn was issued on May 15.
Throughout its history, the main activity of the SCS was centered in Boston. A New York branch was established in February 1890, and state societies were formed in Ohio, based in Cincinnati, and Illinois, based in Chicago, in May of that year. Kansas followed with a state Christian Socialist Society based in Independence, Kansas, by August. Daniel De Leon's future wife, Bertha Canary was apparently a member. Notices of the activities of these groups in The Dawn, however, were sporadic compared to the consistent reports of meeting of the Boston society.
Beginning with the December 4, 1890, issue, The Dawn was relinquished as the society's periodical and became the private property of Bliss, with the understanding that a regular page would be devoted to the progress of the SCS. After this the chapters outside of Boston gradually became dormant. The last mention of activity in Cincinnati was on December 18, 1890, from New York in the January 29, 1891, and from Chicago in the February 12, 1891, issue. The last mention of a meeting of the Boston society is in the May 1 issue, with this note:
   In Boston, as everywhere, the Society finds great difficulty in extending its organization ... it would be most desirable and have greatest use, if the Society had organizers and means to rapidly push and extend its membership, for that would mean still further extension of its thought.
# Nation Time

Nation Time is a live album by saxophonist and composer Joe McPhee recorded in late 1970 and originally released on the CjR label, then reissued by Atavistic in 2000.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The Allmusic review by Lang Thompson stated "the end result is inventive and captivating". On All About Jazz, Robert Spencer noted "one of the most exciting things about this album is the sense of space. Although all three of these tracks are quite propulsive, McPhee and his men are imaginative enough to continue to refresh them with rhythmic and other variations". PopMatters writer Imre Szeman said "Nation Time is as a good a place as any to start a sustained relationship with this genius of modern jazz. It’s the kind of album that you want to tell everyone about and that you want to force everyone to listen to. Brilliant stuff-an absolutely, positively recommended addition to your collection".

## Track listing

All compositions by Joe McPhee except as indicated
* "Nation Time" - 18:31
* "Shakey Jake" - 13:36
* "Scorpio's Dance" (Joe McPhee, Mike Kull, Tyrone Crabb, Bruce Thompson, Ernest Bostic) - 8:42

## Personnel

* Joe McPhee - tenor saxophone, trumpet
* Otis Greene - alto saxophone (track 2)
* Mike Kull - piano, electric piano
* Herbie Lehman - organ (track 2)
* Dave Jones - guitar (track 2)
* Tyrone Crabb - bass, electric bass, trumpet
* Bruce Thompson, Ernest Bostic - percussion
# Nation Transformation Party

The Nation Transformation Party (NTP) was a political party in Papua New Guinea.
It was established for the 2002 election by pastor Francis Apurel, who ran for the Southern Highlands Provincial seat vacated by dismissed Governor Anderson Agiru. The party repeatedly referred to the United Resources Party as their "sister party". It won two seats at the election: David Anggo in Chuave Open and Kimson Kare in Wewak Open.
The party soon dissipated, with Anggo identified as an independent by December that year and Kare drifting to the People's National Congress. It was reported in February 2006 to have merged into the People's National Congress.
# Soleal line

The soleal line, also known as the popliteal line (in older texts), is a prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia. It is the site of many muscle origins and insertions, such as those of popliteus muscle, soleus muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, and tibialis posterior muscle.

## Structure

The soleal line is a prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia. It extends obliquely downward from the back part of the articular facet for the fibula to the medial border, at the junction of its upper and middle thirds.

### Development

The soleal line becomes more prominent between childhood and adulthood. It is rarely seen in children between the ages of 6 and 8.

## Function

The soleal line marks the lower limit of the insertion of the popliteus muscle. It is the attachment of the fascia covering this muscle. It is the origin of part of soleus muscle (along with a triangular area above it), flexor digitorum longus muscle, and tibialis posterior muscle.
# Solea

Solea may refer to:
* Solea, a simple sandal with a thong between the toes and a hobnailed sole from Roman times
* Soleá, a form of Flamenco music
* Solea (novel) by Jean-Claude Izzo
* Soléa, a public transit system in the French city of Mulhouse
* Solea (plant), a plant genus now considered a synonym of Viola
* Solea (fish), a genus of fishes
* Soleá (singer) (born 2011), Spanish singer who represented Spain in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2020
# Latkovac

Latkovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Латковац) is a village in the municipality of Aleksandrovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 474 people.
# Sodium oxide

Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na$_2$O. It is used in ceramics and glasses. It is a white solid but the compound is rarely encountered. Instead "sodium oxide" is used to describe components of various materials such as glasses and fertilizers which contain oxides that include sodium and other elements. Sodium oxide is a component.

## Structure

The structure of sodium oxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Most alkali metal oxides M$_2$O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure. In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in CaF$_2$, with sodium ions tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide cubically coordinated to 8 sodium ions.

## Preparation

Sodium oxide is produced by the reaction of sodium with sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, or sodium nitrite:
    2 NaOH + 2 Na → 2 Na$_2$O + H$_2$
To the extent that NaOH is contaminated with water, correspondingly greater amounts of sodium are employed. Excess sodium is distilled from the crude product.
A second method involves heating a mixture of sodium azide and sodium nitrate:
    5 NaN$_3$ + NaNO$_3$ → 3 Na$_2$O + 8 N$_2$
Burning sodium in air produces a mixture of Na$_2$O and sodium peroxide (Na$_2$O$_2$).
A third much less known method involves heating sodium metal with iron(III) oxide (rust):
    6 Na + Fe$_2$O$_3$ → 3 Na$_2$O + 2 Fe
the reaction should be done in an inert atmosphere to avoid the reaction of sodium with the air instead.

## Applications
### Glassmaking

Glasses are often described in terms of their sodium oxide content although they do not really contain Na$_2$O. Furthermore, such glasses are not made from sodium oxide, but the equivalent of Na$_2$O is added in the form of "soda" (sodium carbonate), which loses carbon dioxide at high temperatures:
    Na$_2$CO$_3$ → Na$_2$O + CO$_2$
    Na$_2$O + SiO$_2$ → Na$_2$SiO$_3$
    Na$_2$CO$_3$ + SiO$_2$ → Na$_2$SiO$_3$ + CO$_2$
A typical manufactured glass contains around 15% sodium oxide, 70% silica (silicon dioxide), and 9% lime (calcium oxide). The sodium carbonate "soda" serves as a flux to lower the temperature at which the silica mixture melts. Such soda-lime glass has a much lower melting temperature than pure silica and has slightly higher elasticity. These changes arise because the Na$_2$[SiO$_2$]$_x$[SiO$_3$]-based material is somewhat more flexible.

## Reactions

Sodium oxide reacts readily and irreversibly with water to give sodium hydroxide:
    Na$_2$O + H$_2$O → 2 NaOH
Because of this reaction, sodium oxide is sometimes referred to as the base anhydride of sodium hydroxide (more archaically, "anhydride of caustic soda").
# Lattice scattering

Lattice scattering is the scattering of ions by interaction with atoms in a lattice. This effect can be qualitatively understood as phonons colliding with charge carriers.
In the current quantum mechanical picture of conductivity the ease with which electrons traverse a crystal lattice is dependent on the near perfectly regular spacing of ions in that lattice. Only when a lattice contains perfectly regular spacing can the ion-lattice interaction (scattering) lead to almost transparent behavior of the lattice.
In the quantum understanding, an electron is viewed as a wave traveling through a medium. When the wavelength of the electrons is larger than the crystal spacing, the electrons will propagate freely throughout the metal without collision.
# Somewhere (DJ Mog & Sarah Lynn song)

"Somewhere" is a song by Northern Irish electronic musician DJ Mog, released in 2010 on Nervous Records. Singer-songwriter Sarah Lynn provided vocals on the track as well as co-wrote it. The pair have performed the song live in support of other acts such as Fatboy Slim, during the artist's visits to Belfast.
After first receiving popularity on UK-related music channels such as BBC Radio 1 and Cool FM, label Nervous Records stated that it sought to promote the track in the US. The single received commercial success in the U.S., reaching the No. 1 spot on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart. The song spent eighteen weeks on the chart in total.

## DJ Mog background

Referred to by the BBC Radio 1 Judge Jules program as an "Irish up & comer", he began playing electronic dance music in local events in his hometown of Belfast during the early 1990s. He entered and won a few local DJing competitions before taking more interest into the studio and production side of things.

## Sarah Lynn background

One of a pair of identical twins, Lynn grew up in the Killinchy area but later moved to Belfast. Though strongly interested in music, particularly listening to songs by Radiohead and Foo Fighters, she has stated that struggles with clinical depression and related afflictions such as bipolar disorder have dogged her for years. Though Lynn felt forced to drop out of her degree course in textile art at the University of Ulster School of Art, she took up singing, writing songs, and playing guitar as well as working as a volunteer for charity events. She has remarked, "I take lithium which makes my mood more consistent. It does away with the peaks and troughs but it also leaves a bit of emotional numbness." She has also stated that the "last thing I want is for my condition to be a barrier that keeps me back" and she feels optimistic given the popularity of the "Somewhere" single.

## Album releases

A version of the track was included in the compilation album The New Dance Mix USA: In the Club alongside other dance-oriented releases such as "Sofi Needs a Ladder" by Deadmau5 and "Barbra Streisand" by Duck Sauce. Mixed by artist Ted the Dillinger, the album was released on 15 March 2011. Praised in an AllMusic review as a "diverse set of populist dance music", the album reached the No. 8 spot on Billboard's Top Electronic Albums chart and No. 19 on the Top Heatseekers chart.
# Somatochlora filosa

Somatochlora filosa, the fine-lined emerald, is a species of emerald dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is found in North America.
The IUCN conservation status of Somatochlora filosa is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.
# Santa Cruz District, Santa Cruz, Guanacaste

Santa Cruz is a district of the Santa Cruz canton, in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica.

## Geography

Santa Cruz has an area of 289.6 km$^2$ and an elevation of 50 metres.

## Villages

Administrative center of the district is the town of Santa Cruz.
Other villages in the district are Ángeles, Arado, Bernabela, Cacao, Cinto, Conga, Cuatro Esquinas, Chibola, Chircó, Chumico, Guayabal, Hato Viejo, Lagunilla, Lechuza, Limón, Moya, Puente Negro. Retallano (partly), Rincón, Río Caño Viejo, San Juan, San Pedro and Vistamar.

## Demographics

For the 2011 census, Santa Cruz had a population of 21,544 inhabitants.

## Transportation
### Road transportation

The district is covered by the following road routes:
* National Route 21
* National Route 160
* National Route 904
* National Route 909
* National Route 931
# Alfred Jean Baptiste Lemaire

Alfred Jean-Baptiste Lemaire (15 January 1842 – 24 February 1907) was a French military musician and composer. He is known for teaching in the music department of Dar ul-Funun during the reign of King Nasser-al-Din Shah, and for composing the first Iranian national anthem.

## Life

Lemaire was born in Aire-sur-la-Lys and entered the Paris Conservatory in 1855, graduating in flute and composition in 1863. By 1867 he had become Deputy Music Master for the Infantry of the Imperial Guard. When King Nasser-al-Din Shah visited Paris, he admired the French military bands that had welcomed him. At the time Iranian military music had used only traditional drums (naqareh) and trumpets (karnay). On his return to Iran in 1867 the King asked his ambassador to France, Hassan-Ali Garrussi, to hire a French musician to reorganize his military orchestras along Western European lines. Adolphe Niel, then France's Defence Minister, selected Lemaire to take up the post.
Once in Iran, Lemaire procured western instruments and organized the training of military musicians at the Dar ul-Funun, where his students included was Darvish Khan, and Gholam Reza Minbashian (Salar Mo'azez), a leading pioneer of Western classical music in Iran, as well as his son Nasrollah Minbashian. At the request of the King he also composed the first Iranian national anthem and other military pieces. Lemaire was to spend the rest of his life in Iran but sent piano arrangements of classical Persian music back to Paris where the vogue for orientalism made them popular. In November 1906, three months before his death, he became the first Worshipful Master of the Réveil de l'Iran, the first regularly affiliated Masonic Lodge to operate in Iran. Lemaire died in Tehran at the age of 65.
Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan Naqqashbashi's translations of Lemaire's lessons into Persian were the country's first introduction to European music. The music department where he taught later became an independent music college providing training in Western martial music.
# Joseph S. Fay Shipwreck Site

The Joseph S. Fay was a wooden steamer built in 1871 Quayle and Martin at Cleveland, Ohio. At the time of launch, the Fay was the largest ship ever built in Cleveland.

## Description

The ship was 216 feet long, with a beam of 34 feet and a gross tonnage of 1221 tons. It has a single screw propeller powered by a 28.5" by 36" direct acting high-pressure steam engine manufactured by Cleveland's Cuyahoga Iron Works, and twin tubular boilers measuring 6'10" by 17'3". In 1887, the engine was upgraded to a steeple compound steam engine and single scotch boiler. The Fay had a two-level aft cabin situated above the engine room and a pilothouse atop the forecastle. She had three masts used as an auxiliary propulsion system.

## History of the ship

The schooner D. P. Rhodes was built as the Fay's consort, and the pair worked in tandem hauling iron ore. On October 17, 1905, the two ships departed from Escanaba, Michigan en route to Ashtabula, Ohio with a load of iron ore, and the Fay towing the Rhodes. On October 19, 1905, the Fay encountered a strong gale in northern Lake Huron. Hugging the shore in adverse wind conditions, the Fay came too close to the rocks at Forty Mile Point. The captain attempted to recover, pulling out into open water, but the maneuver snapped the towline, sending the Rhodes loose and taking part of the Fay's stern with it.
The loose Rhodes eventually hit rocks at Cheboygan. Aboard the Fay, the captain drove the ship ashore, grounding only 200 yards from the Forty Mile Point Light. At impact, the wheelhouse, deck, mate's and captain's rooms were ripped from the deck and carried it to shore with the captain and 10 crewmen safe inside. The first mate and two other crewmen were left on the ship; the mate eventually tried to swim ashore but drowned. After grounding, the Fay quickly broke apart.

## The wreck today

The lower hull of the ship, still containing a load of iron ore, sits in shallow water not far from shore, while a large portion of the starboard side is located on the beach near the lighthouse. In the submerged portion, most of the hull remains intact, as does most of the steam propulsion machinery. The rudder, copper hull sheathing, keelsons, the portside engine mount, the propeller shaft assembly, and iron ore cargo are the most prominent items found on the lake bottom. On the shore, the section of the starboard side is 134 feet long, and features scarfed ceiling planking, paired frame sets, and hundreds of wood and iron fasteners.
# Joseph Goodman House

The Joseph Goodman House is a house located in northwest Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was added on the list in 1973.
It dates back to the mid 1880s when it was originally built to serve as a grocery store. The building was built for Joseph Goodman, who was a prominent local grocer. Goodman operated his store in the said building until 1924.
The building's upper floor housed Jacob Bickler's German and English Academy, which was an elite preparatory school and operated approximately from 1892-1896.
# Joseph Lamelas

Joseph Lamelas is a Cuban-American cardiothoracic surgeon, working in Miami, Florida, who developed the "Miami method", a technique for minimally invasive approach to aortic valve replacement and repair.
Lamelas is the Chief of Cardiac surgery and Professor of Surgery at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine. He is board certified in general surgery, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, and surgical critical care, and is a member of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS).
Lamelas had previous appointments at Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami), Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital (Houston, Texas), and The Texas Heart Institute.

## Legal Issues

On June 24, 2024, Lamelas was mentioned specifically by the Department of Justice in Medicaid fraud. Specifically, he was named as one of the "three heart surgeons who performed at St. Luke’s - engaged in a regular practice of running two operating rooms at once and delegating key aspects of extremely complicated and risky heart surgeries to unqualified medical residents."

## Education

Lamelas completed his Doctor of Medicine degree at Universidad Central del Este in the Dominican Republic, his general surgery residency at the Brooklyn Hospital Center in New York City, and his cardiothoracic surgery residency at the SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University in Brooklyn, New York.
# Joseph Lambert Eustace

Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace, GCMG, GCVO (28 February 1908 – 2 November 1996) was a Saint Vincent and the Grenadines politician. He was born as the second son of Reynold Lambert Eustace and Beatrice St. Hilaire Eustace of Mayreau in the St.Vincent Grenadines. Together with his brother John Parmenas Eustace he founded the Intermediate High School in November 1926 and taught there until around 1932 when he joined the staff of the St. Vincent Boys Grammar School.
A keen cricketer in his youth, he retained a lifelong interest in the sport. He was also an avid reader and national Chess Champion and enjoyed woodworking in his spare time.
He married Elaine Harold in 1941 and had a daughter, Elaine Marjorie Delores, born in 1942. His wife died shortly thereafter and he was married a second time to Faustina Gatherer in 1947. They had a son, Reynold Lambert Mountbatten in 1948 and a daughter, Margaret-Ann, in 1952.
From 1950 to 1959 he was Manager of the Government Cotton Ginnery at Richmond Hill. The ginnery burnt to the ground in 1959 and was not rebuilt. He then built and operated his own oil and soap factory along with a cotton ginnery at Montrose from 1960 to 1967.
In 1963 he became a member of the Saint Vincent Labour Party headed by Robert Milton Cato and successfully contested the South Leeward seat in the 1964 election. The party however, remained in Opposition. He was re-elected an MP in the 1967 election which the Labour Party won and then became Minister of Education until he resigned in 1971. He was appointed Speaker of the House of Assembly where he served from 1972 to 1974 before retiring. He was appointed Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in February 1985 and served in this capacity until February 1988.
He died on 2 November 1996 at the age of 88.
# SAIB

SAIB or Saib or Saïb may refer to:
* Sucrose acetate isobutyrate, an emulsifier, used as an additive in food and cosmetics
* Swedish Accident Investigation Board, now the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority
* Swiss Accident Investigation Board, now the Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board

## People

    Saib is an Arabic male given name
* Saib Tabrizi (1601/2–1677), Persian poet
* Saib Shawkat, Arab nationalist in the 20th century
* Moussa Saïb (born 1969), Algerian football manager and former player
# Hugh Bell (photographer)

Hugh Cecil Lancelot Bell (born June 22, 1927 – October 31, 2012) was an American photographer. He was best known for his jazz photographs from the 1950s and 1960s. He also photographed fashion and still life images for Esquire, Ebony, Essence, American Visions, and others, as well as taking part in Edward Steichen's "The Family of Man" project. Bell was a member of the American Society of Media Photographers.

## Biography

Bell was born in New York in 1927 to parents who emigrated from the Caribbean island of St. Lucia. Bell attended George Washington High School in Manhattan, where he was one of their long distance track stars, and graduated in 1945. He spent a lot of time doing the thing he liked best, photographing jazz musicians. One of Bell's iconic jazz photos is a sad portrait of Charlie Parker at the Open Door club on Manhattan's Lower East Side. After graduating from New York University in 1952 with a bachelor's degree in Journalism and Cinematic Art, Bell was invited by Edward Steichen to participate in the Museum of Modern Art's landmark exhibition, The Family of Man. Over a period of three years, Steichen edited two million candidate photographs to arrive at 503 final images representing 293 photographers from 68 nations. After opening in New York on January 26, 1955, the exhibition continued to 69 venues in 37 foreign countries, making it one of the most successful photographic exhibitions of all time. Its purpose, in Steichen's words, was to seek "photographs covering the gamut of human relations, particularly the hard-to-find photographs of the everydayness in the relationships of man to himself, to his family, to the community, and to the world we live in."
Bell's studio was at 873 Broadway, New York City, on the corner of East 18th Street. Following kidney failure in 2004 (which left him on dialysis), a stroke, and leukemia, Bell died on October 31, 2012.
# Hugh Beazley

Hugh Beazley may refer to:
* Hugh Loveday Beazley (1880–1964), English judge
* Hugh John Beazley (1916–2011), his son, Royal Air Force fighter pilot