OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nose whistle

A nose whistle (also called a "nose flute" or a "humanatone") is a wind instrument played with the nose and mouth cavity. Often made of wood, they are also constructed with plastic, clay, or sheet metal.

## History

Nose whistles, possibly with different sound producing mechanisms, are used traditionally by various South American indigenous groups in the Amazon rainforest, such as the Nambikwara. While representing fertility or war by some groups within the Nambikwara, the nose flute ("ta tãu sư" in Nambikwaran) was not used as a ritual instrument, and was more commonly a children's toy. The Piaroa by contrast used the instrument ("Chuvo" in Wötʰïhä tivene) alongside other flutes in ritual situations, where it represented masculinity and was played during wartime. However, a clear connection between the nose whistles used by South American indigenous and the models described in this article, in terms of working principles and cultural transmission, has not been fully established.
In spite of its possible ethnic background, models were conceived and patented in the 19th and 20th centuries. James J. Stivers, co-founder of the Humanatone Company, is credited to coining this instrument as a "Humanatone". Operating out of New York City, his nose whistles were made of tin plates.
Today, nose whistles are often sold as children's novelties and are made of plastic, although enthusiasts use techniques to modify instruments for easier use by adults, as well as better sound. Using beeswax to extend the nose cup to accommodate an adult's larger maxilla is one such technique.

## Acoustics

The nose blows air into the instrument's open nose cup, from where it is channeled through an air duct towards a sharp edge (fipple) positioned over the player's mouth opening. The placement of the edge helps to create a vortex that excites the acoustic field into the player's mouth cavity. The pitch and tone is then changed by the musician via moving their mouth and tongue, as well as variating air flow. The mouth cavity is the functional resonance chamber determining the tone of the instrument, as opposed to the chamber's volume and length being altered by holes or buttons, as is the case with flutes and recorders. The nose-whistle behaves acoustically like a Helmholtz resonator, the closest conventional instrument being an ocarina.
Effectively, the nose whistle may produce an extense glissando, in a rather wide range of more than three octaves .

## Examples

* Hand-carved wooden nose whistle
* Commercially manufactured nose whistle made in Germany
* Wooden and plastic manufactured nose whistle
* 3D printed nose whistle
# General Schulz

General Schulz may refer to:
* Adelbert Schulz (1903–1944), German Wehrmacht major general
* Erwin Schulz (1900–1981), German SS brigadier general
* Friedrich Schulz (1897–1976), German Wehrmacht general
* Johannes Schulz (1892–1943), German Wehrmacht major general (posthumously promoted)
* Karl-Heinrich Schulz (1906–1986), German Luftwaffe major general
* Karl-Lothar Schulz (1907–1972), German Luftwaffe major general
* Ludwig Schulz (1896–1966), German Luftwaffe major general
# Spalding, South Australia

Spalding is a town located north of the Clare Valley in South Australia, Australia. At the 2016 census, Spalding had a population of 215.
It is mainly a farming community and also is home to a slate quarry.
Services in the town include a supermarket, hotel, school, gun supplies store, roadhouse, Country Fire Service station, South Australian State Emergency Service (SES) unit, dedicated post office and police station.
Spalding is presumed to be named after the market town of Spalding, Lincolnshire in the UK.

## History

Prior to 1869, there were five sheep runs in the Spalding area: Bundaleer, Booborowie, Canowie, Hill River and Bungaree. From this date, the Spalding area was made available to farmers and a farming-centred community grew.
On 30 July 1885, the District Council of Spalding was proclaimed; it remained until 1997, when it merged into the Northern Areas Council. In 1925 a post office was built in Spalding.
Spalding was serviced by a broad gauge railway line through the Clare Valley from Adelaide from its construction in 1922 until the last train in 1978.
The historic Spalding Railway Bridge over the Broughton River and Bundaleer Reservoir site are both listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

## Features of interest

* The Heysen Trail runs past Spalding, which is approximately the midpoint of the 1200 km walking route.
# Artrix, Bromsgrove

Artrix is an arts venue in Bromsgrove, England, located on School Drive just outside the town centre. The building was constructed between 2004 and 2005 on a green field site sold off by the Heart of Worcestershire College Bromsgrove campus (formerly NEWcollege) in 1999 and the Bromsgrove 'Blue Light' centre.
It hosts theatre and dance performances, cinema screenings, live music including touring bands, solo artists, touring theatre and both ballet and contemporary dance. Performance of classical music and comedy from well-known performers to circuit comedians. It also works with local groups and organisations as part of Bromsgrove Arts Alive which provides space for theatre performances, a Pantomime a classical music club, spoken word talks (featuring playwright, novelists, poets and historians) and productions by local dance schools.
Artrix also has a very active learning and engagement department that coordinates many projects including a youth theatre group and projects in the community for all ages and social standing.
The main auditorium has a seating capacity of approximately 301. The seating in both venues can be dismantled to create open spaces for events. Four multipurpose rooms are available for meetings and during productions as dressing rooms. The building also contains a rehearsal room/dance studio on the second floor which since 2013 has been regularly used as a studio theatre in addition to its main house for small scale theatre, music and spoken word with a seated capacity of 90. There is an art gallery on the three floors of the venue.
Both the main house and the studio are soundproofed and are not linked structurally within the building, in order to eliminate sound conduction between the two. There is a licensed cafe-bar.
In 2018 the centre lost funding from Bromsgrove District Council, Worcestershire County Council and Heart of Worcestershire College and started to struggle financially. At the start of the COVID-19 lockdown a series of large long-term contract hires came to an end and the sudden halt to activities led to the charitable trust operating the centre running out of funds and entering into voluntary liquidation. The assets were purchased by Bromsgrove District Council with the intention of looking at options to re-open the venue once the situation improved. The venue was used as the COVID mass vaccination centre for Bromsgrove. Several groups are looking at options to reopen the venue.
# Cheema Khurd

Cheema Khurd is a village in Phillaur in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. In the Persian language, Kalan is translated as 'big' and Khurd as 'small'. Cheema Khurd is situated beside Cheema Kalan. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the sub district headquarter and 29 kilometres (18 mi) from district headquarter. The village is administrated by Sarpanch, an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, the village has a total number of 240 houses and the population of 1105 of which 550 are males while 555 are females. According to the report published by Census India in 2011, out of the total population of the village 521 people are from Schedule Caste and the village does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far. Dutch international cricketer Vikramjit Singh was born in the village.

## Notable People

* Vikramjit Singh – Netherlands Cricketer
* Ranjit Cheema Canadian gangster
# Swann-Morton

Swann-Morton Ltd is a British manufacturer of scalpel handles, blades and other surgical equipment based in Sheffield, England. It was founded in 1932 by Walter R. Swann, J. A. Morton and D. Fairweather to make and sell razor blades.

## Founding principles

Before they began trading, the founders drew up a list of four founding principles:
* Claims of individuals producing in an industry (come) first, before anything else, and must always remain first. They are the human beings on which everything is built.
* If the industry cannot pay the rightful reward of labour (while they are producing for profit for the owners) then a new policy is required on the part of the management to make it do so.
* If the management can't do the job, then a new management is required, as well as a new policy.
* Individuals in any industry have a perfect right to demand and see that this objective is reached, because they produce the goods.
These four statements are displayed at Swann-Morton's head office.

## History

When the Bard-Parker patent for a two-piece scalpel ran out in 1935, Swann-Morton expanded its product range in this direction.
The company moved to its current site in the 1940s. Morton left the company around this time. The remaining directors took the decision to put the company in a trust where 50% was shared with the employees and the other 50% in a charitable trust.
# Mutha, Banmauk

Mutha is a village in Banmauk Township, Katha District, in the Sagaing Region of northern-central Burma.
# Cyphononyx

Cyphononyx is a genus of spider hunting wasps in the family Pompilidae.

## Selected species

The following species are listed as belonging to this genus:
* Cyphononyx abyssinicus Gribodo, 1879
* Cyphononyx aeneipennis H. Lucas, 1898
* Cyphononyx anguliferus (H. Lucas, 1897)
* Cyphononyx antarcticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
* Cyphononyx antennatus (Smith, 1855)
* Cyphononyx apicalis (Saussure, 1891)
* Cyphononyx auropubens Arnold, 1932
* Cyphononyx bipartitus (Lepeletier, 1845)
* Cyphononyx bretonii (Guérin, 1844)
* Cyphononyx camerunensis Tullgren, 1904
* Cyphononyx castaneus (Klug, 1834)
* Cyphononyx claggi Banks, 1934
* Cyphononyx confusus Dahlbom, 1845
* Cyphononyx decipiens (Smith, 1855)
* Cyphononyx decoratus Saussure, 1891
* Cyphononyx fatalis (Gerstaecker, 1857)
* Cyphononyx fulvognathus (Rohwer, 1911)
* Cyphononyx gowdeyi (Turner, 1918)
* Cyphononyx grandidieri Saussure, 1887
* Cyphononyx madecassus Saussure, 1887
* Cyphononyx muelleri Saussure, 1890
* Cyphononyx nyasicus Arnold, 1932
* Cyphononyx obscurus (Smith, 1855)
* Cyphononyx optimus (Smith, 1855)
* Cyphononyx pan Arnold, 1932
* Cyphononyx parvulus Banks, 1941
* Cyphononyx plebejus (Saussure, 1868)
* Cyphononyx promontorii Arnold, 1932
* Cyphononyx purpureipennis Arnold, 1948
* Cyphononyx rathjensi Wahis, 2000
* Cyphononyx subauratus Turner, 1918
* Cyphononyx umtaliensis Arnold, 1932
* Cyphononyx usambarensis H. Lucas, 1898
* Cyphononyx ustus Haupt, 1933
# Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier

Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier (September 28, 1805 - January 7, 1867). was a Legitimist member of the French National Assembly and presidential candidate.
Born at the château of Citran (Fironde), on 28 September, 1805. Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier, belonged to an old illustrious French family du Vergier De la Rochejacquelein whose name is mentioned in connection with Louis IX of France, Saint Louis Crusade, in 1248. His father, Louis de La Rochejacquelein, and his uncle Henri de la Rochejaquelein had won fame as royalist generals in the wars of the Vendéans against the National Convention.
Henri-Auguste-Georges mother, Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein left interesting memoirs which have been edited many times depicting her misfortunes and her part in the Vendée wars and being a member of a court of the Royal French family. The young La Rochejacquelein entered the military academy at Saint-Cyr at the age of sixteen and in 1823 he received a commission as second lieutenant in the cavalry. He took part in the Spanish War (1823) and in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828. In 1825 he had been made a peer, but he resigned shortly after the Revolution of 1830, which brought the younger branch of the House of Bourbon to the throne of France. The Department of Morbihan sent him to the legislature in 1842.
He took his seat among the members of the Extreme Right, or Legitimist party, with whom he usually cast his vote, although he occasionally support liberal measures. In 1848 the "Gazette de France" supported his candidacy for the presidency of the newly established French Republic, but he obtained only an insignificant number of votes. In 1852 he was made a senator by Napoleon III, which caused some astonishment and comment among his friends the Legitimists. In the senate La Rochejacquelein always showed himself an ardent defender of Catholicism, but he may be reproached with having given his support to the whole foreign policy of the imperial Government. He published a number of works on political and economical subjects, among them being: "Considérations sur l'impôt du sel" (Paris, 1844); "Opinion sur le projet de loi relatif à la réforme des pensions" (1844); "Situation de la France" (1849); "A mon pays" (1850); "La France en 1853" (1853); "Question du jour" (1856); "La suspension d'armes" (1859); "La politique internationale et le droit des gens" (1860); "Un schisme et l'honneur" (1861).
# Spalding, Western Australia

Spalding is a northeastern suburb of Geraldton, Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of Greater Geraldton.
The suburb was gazetted in 1979.

## Geography

Spalding is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Geraldton's central business district and is bounded by North West Coastal Highway to the west, Bedford and Koojarra Streets to the south and the extent of the Chapman River Regional Park to the north and east. The Chapman River flows through the suburb.

## Demographics

In the 2006 census, Spalding had a population of 2,484.

## Facilities

Eadon Clarke Sports Centre and the Spalding Park Golf Course are within the suburb.
Matthew Lloyd White is standing president of the Spalding Park Golf Club.
Professional Golfer Vu Phan PGA is a regular of the golf course.
# Chemosh (disambiguation)

Chemosh refers to more than one thing:
* For the biblical God of the Moabites, see Chemosh
* For the Dragonlance God, see Chemosh (Dragonlance)
# Swimming at the 1967 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metre breaststroke

The women's 200 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 1967 Pan American Games took place on 26 July at the Pan Am Pool. The last Pan American Games champion was Alice Driscoll of US.
This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in breaststroke.

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.
| KEY: | q | Fastest non-qualifiers | Q | Qualified | GR | Games record | NR | National record | PB | Personal best | SB | Seasonal best |

### Final

The final was held on July 26.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Catie Ball | United States | 2:42.1 | GR |
| | Claudia Kolb | United States | 2:48.9 | |
| | Ana María Norbis | Uruguay | 2:52.1 | |
| 4 | Tamara Oynick | Mexico | 2:58.5 | |
| 5 | Mary Pumfrey | Canada | 2:58.8 | |
| 6 | Tamara Orejuela | Ecuador | 2:59.7 | |
| 7 | Donna Ross | Canada | 2:59.7 | |
| 8 | Victoria Casas | Mexico | 3:07.8 | |
# The Possibilities

The Possibilities were a rock band from Athens, Georgia formed in 1991. Their sound was described as "psychedelia-tinged alt country" and "country-skronk".

## History

Formed in 1991 by Kevin Lane (vocals, guitar), Bob Spires (bass guitar), and Matt Lane (drums, vocals), the band did not release anything other than a self-released cassette until their self-titled 1999 debut album, by which time the line-up had expanded to include Chris Grehan (guitar, vocals) and Jason Gonzalez (keyboards, vocals). The debut album was described by Allmusic as "country-skronk". Prior to this, the band had acted as backing for Jack Logan (playing on Buzz Me In and Monkey Paw) and Todd McBride (on Sketchy). The band's sound was described as "psychedelia-tinged alt country", drawing comparisons with Flaming Lips, Apples in Stereo, and Outrageous Cherry.
The indie 'Supergroup' Minus 5 covered a Possibilities song, "You Don't Mean It" on their Let the War Against Music Begin.
The band's second album, Way Out, described by Allmusic as "a pure psych-pop delight", was released in 2002 by Parasol Records, and was their last release.

## Discography
### Albums

* Scattered, Smothered, Covered and Chunked (1995), self-released cassette
* The Possibilities (1999), Backburner
* Way Out (2002), Parasol

### Singles

* "Invisible" (2001), Seed & Feed
# Kullu Manali Circuit

The Kullu Manali Circuit is a tourist route in India. The initial entry point to Kullu Manali Circuit is from Chandigarh, India. Most of the stopovers and destinations lies on the National Highway No. 21. This highway originates from Chandigarh and ends at Manali. This path from Chandigarh to Manali followed by National Highway No 21. The circuit is categorised into 4 main segments:-
* Sutlej Trail
* Beas Trail
* Kullu Valley Trail
* Across Rohtang Pass
| Trails | Destinations |
| Sutlej Trail | Swarghat, Bilaspur, Deothsidh |
| Beas Trail | Mandi, Rewalsar, Jogindernagar |
| Kullu Valley Trail | Kullu, Raison, Nagar, Manali |
| Across the Rohtang Pass | Keylong, Lahul and Spiti |

## Picture gallery

* Lug valley
* Kullu as seen from Bhekhli village
* Traditional home, Manali, 2004
* River Beas and mountains as seen from Va
* Mountain ranges in Manali
* Bridge in the middle of town with prayer flags
* Mountain peaks, Lahul
* Kunzum Pass between Lahul & Spiti
* Ki Gompa
* Shiva shrine, Kullu
* Road workers crushing rocks, Kullu
* Roadside restaurant, Kullu
* Raja Rupi Kulu Palace
# Cyphopelta

Cyphopelta is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There is one described species in Cyphopelta, C. modesta.
# Notoacmea pileopsis

Notoacmea pileopsis, commonly known as the black-edged limpet, is a species of sea snail or true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies have been named within this species:
** Notoacmea pileopsis pileopsis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
** Notoacmea pileopsis cellanoides (Oliver, 1926): synonym of Notoacmea cellanoides W. R. B. Oliver, 1926
** Notoacmea pileopsis sturnus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841): synonym of Notoacmea sturnus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)

## Description

The length of the shell attains 14.7 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Zealand.
# Legal Adviser to the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

The Legal Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (known as Legal Adviser to the Foreign Office until 1968) is the chief legal adviser and the head of the Legal Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The current Legal Adviser is Sally Langrish.

## History

Until 1872, it was the practice of the Foreign Office to seek legal advice from the Law Officers of the Crown and from the Queen's Advocate General. That year, Sir Travers Twiss, the Queen's Advocate resigned, and the office lapsed, though from 1872 to 1886 Sir James Parker Deane discharged the functions of the office in relation to the Foreign Office. In 1876, Sir Julian Pauncefote was appointed an assistant under secretary to provide in-house legal advice to the Foreign Office, although he never held the title of Legal Adviser.
In 1886, Edward Davidson was appointed Legal Assistant to the Foreign Office. When Pauncefote was appointed British Minister to the United States in 1892, the Foreign Office List began to list Davidson as Legal Adviser eo nomine. In 1896 he was listed immediately below under secretaries and ahead of the chief clerk.

## Duties

The Legal Adviser heads the Legal Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, which is responsible for providing legal advice to FCO ministers and officials. In 2013, the Directorate had a staff of 70, of whom around 50 are lawyers based in London. Some legal advisers are also posted abroad.
The Legal Adviser ranks as a director general, reporting directly to the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Reporting to him are four deputy legal advisers, legal counsellors, and assistant legal advisers.

## Holders

* Sir William Edward Davidson (1886–1918; eo nomine from 1892)
* Sir Cecil James Barrington Hurst (1918–1929)
* Sir Herbert William Malkin (1929–1945)
* Sir William Eric Beckett (1945–1953)
* Sir Gerald Gray Fitzmaurice (1953–1960)
* Sir Francis Aimé Vallat (1960–1968)
* Sir William Vincent John Evans (1968–1975)
* Sir James Carnegie McPetrie (1968–1971)
* Sir Ian McTaggart Sinclair (1976–1984)
* Sir John Redvers Freeland (1984–1987)
* Sir Arthur Desmond Watts (1987–1991)
* Sir Franklin Delow Berman (1991–1999)
* Sir Michael Charles Wood (1999–2006)
* Sir Daniel Lincoln Bethlehem (2006–2011)
* Sir Iain Macleod (2011–2022)
* Sally Langrish (2022–present)
# Spalding, Michigan

Spalding is an unincorporated community in Menominee County, Michigan, United States. Spalding is located in Spalding Township along U.S. Highway 2 (US 2) and US 41, one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Powers. Spalding has a post office with ZIP code 49886.

## History

A post office called Spalding has been in operation since 1874. The community was named for Jesse Spalding, of Chicago.

## Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Spalding has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

## Photos

* Spalding, MI Catholic Church
* Pine Ave Spalding MI
* Elm St Spalding MI
* Post Office Fazers Food Land Spalding MI
# UNIMA (disambiguation)

UNIMA is the Union Internationale de la Marionnette - International Puppetry Association.
Unima is a Madagascan company.
UNIMA may also refer to:
* University of Malawi, Malawi
* Manado State University, Indonesia
# Anil V. Kumar

Anil V Kumar (born 4 June 1975) is a television and film director and producer in India. He started his production house "Flying Turtle Films" with his partners Shabbir Ahluwalia and Sakett Saawhney in 2010. The shows he has directed include Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii and Kahin To Hoga, both on Star Plus. In 2013, Flying Turtle Films co-produced the movie Zanjeer starring Priyanka Chopra and Ram Charan.

## Director
### Films

* Kucch To Hai (2003)

### Television

* Kitani Mohabbat Hai - NDTV Imagine (250 episodes)
* Dekha Ek Khwaab - Sony TV (Rose movies)
* Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil -Star plus( 100 episodes)
* Karam Apnaa Apnaa - Star TV(150 episodes)
* Kavyanjali - Star Plus ( 50 episodes)
* Kayamath - Star Plus ( 200 episodes)
* Kkoi Dil Mein Hai - Sony TV ( 100 episodes)
* Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi- MTV (full)
* Kasamh Se - Zee TV.(250 episodes)
* Kahin To Hoga - Star TV.(250 episodes)
* Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii - Star Plus (350 episodes)
* Kkusum - Sony TV.( 380 episodes)
* Kaun - DD National.(12 episodes)
* Sujata- Sony TV (BR Telefilms)
* Ramlal 1947- DJ's Creative Unit
* Ganga Kii Dheej - Sahara One
* Savitri- Lifeok
* Jodha Akbar - Zee TV
* Manasu Mamatha
* Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi- Colors TV
* Itna Karo Na Mujhe Pyaar- Sony TV
* Thriller At 10
* Kundali Bhagya (2017; 2022)
* Ratri Ke Yatri (2022)

### Web series

| Year | Title | Platform | Notes |
| 2020 | Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain | ALTBalaji and ZEE5 | |

## Producer
### Television

* Ganga Kii Dheej ( Sahara One)
* Savitri (LifeOk)
* Savdhaan India (Lifeok)

### Films

* Zanjeer (2013) Starring Priyanka Chopra, Ram Charan Teja, Sanjay Dutt, Mahie Gill