OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Squatting in Solomon Islands

Squatting on Solomon Islands occurs in informal settlements. The Ministry of Lands and Survey reported in 2006 that there were 17,000 squatters in the capital Honiara. Disputes over land use have generated tensions in recent years, particularly between 1998 and 2003.

## Land use

Solomon Islands is an island country in Oceania. The amount of land that is native or customary land is high: it was estimated by one report to be 97 per cent in 2005 and by another to be 87 per cent, in 2008. Squatting in the capital Honiara (on the island of Guadalcanal) began when it was founded after World War II. Migrants were attracted to the new capital by the prospects of education and employment, living in informal settlements.$^{:98}$ The government attempted to manage the housing issue by licensing land, but after the system broke down people began to squat instead. By 1987 there were 16 squatted villages with around 2,000 inhabitants.$^{:99}$ The Ministry of Lands and Survey reported in 2006 that there were 17,000 squatters. The settlements are constructed without a connection to electricity or sanitation, no roads and no drainage. A 2009 survey of over 200 squatter households stated that the main form of income was either unskilled labour or selling betel nuts and cigarettes. It studied four settlements: one near the centre of Honiara, one in West Honiara, one near Honiara International Airport and one where the Matanikau River meets the sea.

## Tensions

Ethnic tensions between islanders over land use came to a head in 1998, when youths on Guadalcanal attacked squatters from other islands such as Malaita. The conflict lasted until 2003. As a result of the tensions, displaced people set up new settlements for example at Burns Creek.
After troops supporting the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands were withdrawn in 2013, tensions around land surfaced the following year, with houses built by squatters from Rennell and Bellona Province being burnt out near to Honiara. When squatters from Honiara expanded onto land in Guadalcanal Province in 2016, warnings were again made about potential violence.
# Neomyzus circumflexus

Neomyzus circumflexus, the crescent-marked lily aphid or mottled arum aphid, also known as Aulacorthum circumflexum, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. It is also known to transmit plant viruses.

## Host

Normally host in Adiantum, Calla, Cineraria, Cyclamen, Fuchsia, Zantedeschia, Viola tricolor, and Physalis peruviana.

## Economic importance

It is known to be a major insect pest on species of Asparagus, Begonia, and Fuchsia.
# NetIQ

NetIQ is a security software company. In 2023 it was acquired by OpenText.
NetIQ was previously based in San Jose, California, with products that provide identity and access management, security and data center management. Its flagship offerings are NetIQ AppManager, NetIQ Identity Manager and NetIQ Access Manager.
OpenText has owned NetIQ since 2023 after its acquisition of Micro Focus, which acquired The Attachmate Group, which acquired NetIQ in 2006, six years after the latter acquired Mission Critical Software.

## History

NetIQ was founded by Ching-fa Hwang, Her-daw Che, Hon Wong, Ken Prayoon Cheng and Tom Kemp in September 1995; AppManager was introduced in 1996. Their February 2000 merger with Mission Critical Software widened the company's focus to include systems management as well as performance.
In 2001, NetIQ acquired Webtrends, whose software "monitors corporate Internet traffic." — which they sold in 2005.
In 2006, NetIQ was acquired by AttachmateWRQ, After that company acquired Novell in 2011, it changed its name to The Attachmate Group. NetIQ added identity and security products as well as data center and virtualization to their offerings. It was the Attachmate acquisition that led to the alignment of NetIQ products into three categories:
* identity and access management,
* security management and
* data center management.
In 2014, The Attachmate Group was merged into Micro Focus International. NetIQ also announced the use of an Identity Manager number 4.5.
# Fluidized bed scrubber

A Fluidized Bed Scrubber system uses carefully selected hollow plastic elements of varying shapes, according to the process requirements, to generate a three phase fluidized bed in which increased Reynolds numbers (turbulence) in the gaseous phase, and the liquid phase, provoke an intense enhancement of turbulent action. This is claimed to lead to substantial increases in overall mass and heat transfer coefficients, and interphase surface renewal rates, as compared to classical packings and other scrubbing technologies (see below).

## Particulate removal

In addition, the fluid bed simultaneously removes particulates down to very fine sub half micron diameters. System design varies from application to application as process operations, or pollution control needs, vary widely.

## Quenching

When very hot gases are to be treated and cleaned using the fluidized bed scrubber technology, they are first passed through a quench chamber, which is usually integrated with the scrubber such that quenching can occur in two steps, using both the inlet quench section and a specially designed sump to maximum effect. The cooled gases are then passed on directly to the fluidized bed where ascending gas is intimately mixed by the fluidized packing elements with the descending, and usually recirculated, liquid.

## Applications

The fluidized bed scrubber system allows operation with slurries, muds and oily or viscous liquids due to the claimed 100% non-clogging nature of the fluidized bed.

## Comparisons

Below are two real case comparisons of equivalent efficiency alternative technologies commonly used in industrial applications.

### Venturi and packed tower combination versus TURBOSCRUBBER

| SYSTEM OPERATING DETAILS | TURBOSCRUBBER | VENTURI/PACKED TOWER |
| LIQUID MEDIUM | ESEAWATER OR 35% W/W KCI SLURRIES | SEAWATER ONLY |
| SO2 REMOVAL | 99.8% | 99.8% |
| KCI/C PARTICULATE REMOVAL @ 1.7 MICRON | 99% | 99% |
| PRESSURE DROP | 6.4" W.G. | 15" W.G. |
| RELATIVE VOLUME (APPROX) | 1.0 | 5.0 |
| PLUGGING/CLOGGING | NO | YES |
| SLURRY HEAT RECOVERY RATE | 4.2MW | NONE POSSIBLE |

### A typical packed tower absorber versus Fluidized Bed Scrubbers

| TOWER TYPE | TURBOSCRUBBER | FIXED PACK |
| PACKING | TURBOID | TYPICAL 2" RING |
| H2S REMOVAL | 99.997 | 99.997 |
| TYPICAL DIAMETER | 1.25 METER | 1.75 METER |
| ABSORPTION ZONE HEIGHT | 2 METERS | 7 METERS (FIXED) |
| PRESSURE DROP (APPROX) | 6" W.G | 6" W.G |
| PARTICLE REMOVAL @1.0 MICRON SIZE | >85% | BLOCKAGE |

### Images

* Performance Data
* Fluid Bed Tower
* Fluid Bed Section
# Florence Parry Heide

Florence Parry Heide (February 27, 1919 – October 23, 2011) was a bestselling American children's writer.

## Early life

Born in Pittsburgh, Heide spent most of her childhood in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. Her father, who was a banker, died when Heide was two years old. After two years of studying at Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, she transferred to UCLA, graduating in 1939. She worked in advertising and public relations in New York City before returning to Pittsburgh during World War II and became publicity director of The Pittsburgh Playhouse. She met her husband, Donald C. Heide, in October, 1943. They married six weeks later, on November 27, 1943.
After the war, she and her husband moved to Kenosha, Wisconsin. He began a private law practice where he worked until his retirement in 1982. She devoted herself to her children and began her career as a children's author after all five of them were in school.

## Career

Her first book, Maximilian, was published in 1967. She published more than 100 books for children and youth – from picture books to adolescent novels – and several collections of poetry. She also collaborated with Sylvia Van Clief to write a number of songs. Her best-known works are a series of books about the adventures of a boy named Treehorn, which includes the titles The Shrinking of Treehorn (1971), Treehorn's Treasure (1981), and Treehorn’s Wish (1986), all of which were illustrated by Edward Gorey. She also worked with illustrators Jules Feiffer and Lane Smith and won awards for her work. Under the pen name Alex B. Allen, Heide and at least two co-authors contributed texts to the illustrated Springboard sports series published by Albert Whitman of Chicago.

## Personal life

Heide was the mother of five children, including authors Judith Heide Gilliland and Roxanne Heide Pierce, with whom she co-wrote several other books. She had eight grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.
Heide was known in Kenosha for the Fourth of July parade she organized each year. Hundreds of children with their bikes decorated would gather outside her home and ride twice around her block to the beat of a drum. The parade continues each year in her honor. She received an honorary degree from Carthage College in 1979. Heide died in her sleep on October 23, 2011. Upon her death, she gifted a large portion of her personal collection of children's books to the Center for Children's Literature at Carthage College.
# Neuilly, Nièvre

Neuilly (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.
# Floriano River

There are two rivers named Floriano River in Brazil:
* Floriano River (Paraíba)
* Floriano River (Paraná)
# Netball in Singapore

There are 80,000 netball players in Singapore. playing several variations of netball, including beach netball. Sport Singapore (formerly known as Singapore Sports Council) is responsible for maintaining 8 netball courts. Netball Singapore is the official governing body for the sport in Singapore. It was created in 1962, with 63 registered clubs.

## International tournaments

In 1983, the country held the 1983 Netball World Championships. In 2001, Singapore hosted the INFA World Congress. In 2005, the country hosted the Asian Netball Championships. In 2006, Netball Singapore created and hosted the first major Asian netball tournament, The Nations Cup. The 13th World Netball Championships was held in Singapore in 2011.

## National team

Singapore has several national squads: Opens, 21 & Under, 19 & Under (Post School), 19 & Under (Schools), 17 & Under, and 14 & Under. The national team competed in its first major tournament in 1967 at the Netball World Championships. Singapore had a national team compete in the fifth Asian Netball Championships held in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2001. Singapore competed in the 7th Asian Youth Netball Championship held in 2010 in India. As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number seventeenth in the world.
Some of the top performances for the Singapore national netball teams include:
* 2010 Asian Youth Netball Championship: Third

## Professional league

In 2000, the professional Netball Super League (NSL) was established and governed by Netball Singapore.
The Netball Super League, comprising six teams, is a seven-week-long netball tournament developed to cater for professional netball players in Singapore. In 2004, the audience was big enough that the league was broadcast on television.
# St. Johns Township, Franklin County, Missouri

St. Johns Township is an inactive township in Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
St. Johns Township takes its name from Saint Johns Creek.
# St. Johns Township

St. Johns Township may refer to the following places in the United States:
* St. Johns Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota
* St. Johns Township, Franklin County, Missouri
* St. Johns Township, Harrison County, Iowa, in Iowa
* St. Johns Township, Hertford County, North Carolina, in North Carolina
# St. Johns Township, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota

St. Johns Township is a township in Kandiyohi County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 386 at the 2000 census.
St. Johns Township was organized in 1872.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.6 km$^2$), of which 34.7 square miles (89.8 km$^2$) is land and 0.3 square mile (0.8 km$^2$) (0.91%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 386 people, 143 households, and 110 families residing in the township. The population density was 11.1 people per square mile (4.3/km$^2$). There were 152 housing units at an average density of 4.4/sq mi (1.7/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.45% White, 0.26% Native American, 0.52% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.04% of the population.
There were 143 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 19.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the township the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.9 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $48,125, and the median income for a family was $55,781. Males had a median income of $30,893 versus $21,094 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,653. About 0.9% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Neuner

Neuner is a German occupational surname, which originally meant a person who was on a council of nine members (literally, a "niner"), derived from the Middle High German niun ("nine"). The name may refer to:
* Angelika Neuner (born 1969), Austrian luger
* Doris Neuner (born 1971), Austrian luger
* Frank Neuner (born 1971), German psychologist
* Magdalena Neuner (born 1987), German athlete
* Martin Neuner (1900–1944), German ski jumper
# Neoplanorbis

Neoplanorbis is a genus of small, freshwater, air-breathing snails. They are aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.
Neoplanorbis is the type genus of the subfamily Neoplanorbinae.
The shells of species in this genus appear to be dextral in coiling, but as is the case in all planorbids, the shell is actually sinistral. The shell is carried upside down with the aperture on the right, and this makes it appear to be dextral.

## Species

The genus Neoplanorbis includes the following species:
* † Neoplanorbis carinatus Walker, 1908
* † Neoplanorbis smithi Walker, 1908
* † Neoplanorbis tantillus Pilsbry, 1906 the type species
* † Neoplanorbis umbilicatus Walker, 1908

## Original description

Genus Neoplanorbis was originally described by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1906.
Note that Pilsbry described the shell as if it were dextral, whereas planorbids are now known to be sinistral in shell coiling. In other words what Pilsbry describes as the "impressed and turned in" apex of the shell is actually the center of the umbilicus.
Pilsbry's original text (the original description) reads as follows:
   Genus NEOPLANORBIS n. gen.
   The shell is minute, subdiscoidal, nearly flat above, convex below, perforate, carinate at the periphery, composed of about two rapidly enlarging whorls, the apex impressed and turned in. The aperture is very oblique, wider than high, a little dilated at the base. Peristome thin, not continuous, the columellar margin straight and broadly dilated, somewhat thickened within.
   The dentition and so far as known, the soft anatomy, is similar to Amphigyra.
   Type N. tantillus.
   The type of this group was at first taken for a Planorbis of the P. dilatatus group, (It was reported as Planorbis tantillus in Mr. Hinkley's list, Nautilus XVIII, p. 54.) but when the dentition was examined it became obvious at once that the snail could not belong to the Planorbinae. The radula is not materially unlike that of Amphigyra, but the conchological features of the two groups are quite diverse, Amphigyra being Crepiduloid with a distinct "deck" or columellar plate, while Neoplanorbis is Planorbis-shaped, perforate, with a carinate periphery and no "deck."
# Neoplasms of the nailbed

Neoplasms of the nailbed may often present with paronychia, ingrown nail, onycholysis, pyogenic granuloma, nail-plate dystrophy, longitudinal erythronychia, bleeding, and discolorations.$^{:792}$ There are various benign and malignant neoplasms that may occur in or overlying the nail matrix and in the nailbed, and symptoms may include pain, itching, and throbbing.$^{:792}$
Benign tumors of the nails include verruca, pyogenic granuloma, fibromas, nevus cell nevi, myxoid cysts, angiofibromas (Koenen tumors), and epidermoid cysts.$^{:792}$
Squamous cell carcinoma of the nailbed is uncommon, and often mistaken for a pyogenic granuloma initially.$^{:792}$ Subungual melanoma is frequently diagnosed late in the course of growth.$^{:793}$

## Signs and symptoms

Neoplasms of the nailbed may often present with paronychia, ingrown nail, onycholysis, pyogenic granuloma, nail-plate dystrophy, longitudinal erythronychia, bleeding, and discolorations. Symptoms may include pain, itching, and throbbing.$^{:792}$
# Flute sonata in G major (HWV 363b)

The Flute sonata in G major (HWV 363b) was composed (c. 1711–16) by George Frideric Handel in F major for the oboe, and was transposed by an unknown hand to G major, for flute and basso continuo. The work is also referred to as Opus 1 No. 5, as it was first published in 1726 or slightly later by the London publisher Walsh, in an edition falsely attributed to Jeanne Roger of Amsterdam. Other catalogues of Handel's music have referred to the work as HG xxvii, 19; and HHA iv/3,28. The sonata was originally composed as an oboe sonata in F major (HWV 363a).
Both of the Walsh editions and the Chrysander edition (based on Walsh) indicate that the work is for flute ("traversiere" or "traverso"), and published it as Sonata V.
A typical performance of the work takes about seven and a half minutes.

## Movements

The work consists of five movements:
| Movement | Type | Key signature | Time signature | Bars | Notes |
| 1 | Adagio | G major | $^4$ $_4$ | 16 | Concludes with a B major chord. |
| 2 | Allegro | G major | $^4$ $_4$ | 53 | Begins in fugal form—with the bass answering the melody in bar 5. |
| 3 | Adagio | E minor | $^3$ $_4$ | 43 | Starts with a ground bass, however the movement develops to absorb the bass texture into the music as a whole. Concludes with a B major chord. |
| 4 | Bourrée | G major | $^4$ $_4$ | 22 | Two sections (8 and 14 bars)—each with repeat markings. |
| 5 | Minuet | G major | $^3$ $_4$ | 24 | Two sections (8 and 16 bars)—each with repeat markings.Based on a favourite theme of Handel's. |
(Movements do not contain repeat markings unless indicated. The number of bars is taken from the Chrysander edition, and is the raw number in the manuscript—not including repeat markings.)
# Network flow

Network flow may refer to:
* Network flow problem
* Flow network
* Traffic flow (computer networking)
# 2022 Port-au-Prince gang battles

In July 2022, an outbreak of gang violence occurred in the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince, leaving 89 people dead and over 74 injured.

## Background

Since the late 2010's Haiti has suffered a growing epidemic of gang violence and gang-related activity, especially in the capital of Port-au-Prince. The gang violence grew especially after the assassination of Haitian president Jovenel Moise in July 2021. One of the most notable gang leaders in the conflict is Jimmy Chérizier, also known as "Barbecue", who leads the group G9. Barbecue has been known for multiple massacres in the Port-au-Prince area, along with G9 allying with the Haitian government. The 2022 battles began after tensions erupted between G9 and a new rival gang, G-pep, as an example is the outbreak of violence which occurred in the month of May, which left 150 dead and hundreds wounded. This uptick in gang violence also comes at a time when Haiti faces severe food and healthcare shortages.

## Battle

Just a day after the one-year anniversary of Moise's assassination on July 7, shooting began around 3 a.m. in the Brooklyn neighborhood of the Cité Soleil slum between G9 and G-Pèp gang members. All the roads in the neighborhood were blocked. Some Haitian police officers were present at the scene, but many were not working as they had not been paid for one month, and others lacked fuel for their vehicles. Initially, deputy mayor Jean Hislain Frederick stated that 50 were killed in the violence and over 50 injured, but that number has since increased, according to the National Human Rights Defense Network.
Doctors Without Borders has stated that the organization has been unable to access the slum due to the violence. The battle also caused the nearby Varreux field terminal to pause operations, leading to a more drastic shortage in fuel as two fuel tankers were unable to be unloaded.
# Netball in the United States

Netball is a sport which has only limited popular support in the United States. The sport is traditionally a female dominated sport. However, in the United States, there are few netball clubs, most play taking place between high school or college sides, almost entirely of females.

## History

Netball emerged from early versions of basketball as a sport American females could play, as at the time women worn skirts when playing sports. The sport is popular in Commonwealth countries (stemming from the days of the British Commonwealth) but has never taken hold as a mainstream sport in the United States, where it is mostly popular amongst Caribbean immigrants in the country.

## National Board

Netball is run in the United States by two major sports governing boards Netball America and United States of America Netball Association.

## National teams

The men's and women's national team have had limited success in international competitions.