OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Interpersonal influence

Interpersonal influence is a type of social influence which results from group members encouraging, or forcing, conformity while discouraging, and possibly punishing, nonconformity. It is one of three types of social influences that lead people to conform to the majority, or the group's norms. The other two types are influence are informational influence and normative influence.
The effects of interpersonal influence were well documented through Schachter's 1951, experiments involving three confederates in an all-male discussion group. One confederate was the deviant, who was assigned to always disagree with the majority; the next was the slider, who disagreed initially but was told to eventually conform; and the last was the mode, whose task was to consistently agree with the majority. Schachter was interested specifically in how the group would pressure the deviant to conform. He found that communication with the deviant increased steadily over the course of the discussion, but in more cohesive groups, the deviant became rejected.
There is also a difference between inclusive and exclusive reactions toward the dissenter and therefore different consequence. In an inclusive reaction, the majority and minority argue their opinions, but the minority is still considered to be part of the group. In contrast, in an exclusive reaction, communication diminishes, hostility increases, and the minority becomes rejected entirely. Studies have shown that the affective distress cause by such ostracism and rejection linger long after the event has occurred, and even if the rejected individual is later accepted back into the group.
Interpersonal rejection is a consequence of interpersonal influence. For example, the deviant in this study was rated the lowest by fellow group members on likability and was assigned more menial tasks. Additionally, the slider was less well liked than the mode, despite listening to reason and shifting opinions. This shows that any amount of disagreement with a majority can lower one's chances of acceptance. Those with low self-esteem have been found to respond worse to rejection, likely due to self-blame attributions.
Black-sheep effect is another consequence of interpersonal influence, and occurs when group members who perform an offensive behavior are judged more harshly by their ingroup than an outgroup member who does the same.
# Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates

Certificate for Students Achieving the Proficiency Level of Upper Secondary School Graduates (高等学校卒業程度認定試験 Kōtōgakkō Sotsugyōteidoninteishiken) is an examination, taken by individuals who could not graduate upper secondary school (High school) for some reason. This exam is provided by Lifelong Learning Promotion Division, Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, started in 2005 as the replacement of the University Entrance Qualification Examination (大検, Daiken) which were held until 2004 in Japan.
The University Entrance Qualification Examination has been accepted for many universities in Japan, such as Japan's most prestigious University of Tokyo because MEXT has been encouraging post-secondary educations to recognise the certificate. The certificate is meant to certify that the bearer has an academic ability equivalent to a graduate of an upper secondary school. The passing rates of this exams are about 30% to 40% every year. For 2014, there are about 37.1% of students who had passed this examination.

## Awardees

Individuals who are or will become 16 years old during the academic year (April to the following March) can take this exam. However, those who are awarded the certificate can not enter a university until they become 18 years old since the certificate is with the proviso that no qualifications until he or she becomes 18 years old. There is an educational exception for one who is 17 years old or older, and is recognised by the university, that he or she has an outstanding skill or talent in a certain field of study that the university specified, can enter the university. This exception can be applied for universities only and not for other educational institutions.

## Subjects

The taker must take between 8 and 10 subjects to get the certificate.

### Required

* Japanese
* Math
* English

### Options

The takers must choose one subject from each category (with the exception of Civics and Science).
* World History
** World History A
** World History B
* Geography and History
** Japanese History A
** Japanese History B
** Geography A
** Geography B
* Civics (The takers must choose either Contemporary Society or Ethics & Politics and Economy.)
** Contemporary Society
** Ethics
** Politics and Economy
* Science (The takers must choose either Science and Our Daily Life and one other subject with Basic in its name or three subjects with Basic in their name.)
** Science and Our Daily Life
** Basic Physics
** Basic Chemistry
** Basic Biology
** Basic Earth Science
# Sapai Glai Peun Tiang

Sapai Glai Peun Tiang (Underdeveloped Daughter-in Law) is a Thai drama produced by Channel 3 and stars Chakrit Yamnam and Ann Thongprasom.

## Synopsis

Sapai Glai Peun Tiang revolves around a hot-headed cop named Lalin (Ann Thongprasom)

## Cast

* Chakrit Yamnam as Jormtup
* Ann Thongprasom as Lalin/Prik
* Akkaphan Namart as Pat
* Kanya Rattanapetch as Nampetch
* Chintara Sukapatana
# Sapahi, Bara

Sapahi is a town and Village Development Committee in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7,209 persons living in 1275 individual households.
# Andreas Kunze

Andreas Kunze (1952 in Bremen – 8 April 2010 in Essen) was a German actor and photographer.
# Cezar Mateus

Cezar Mateus (born 1961 in Bucharest, Romania) is an American luthier working in Princeton, New Jersey. He specializes in lutes, archlutes, theorbos and other related instruments. His instruments have been played by Sting, Edin Karamazov, Yasunori Imamura, Roman Turovsky, Miguel Yisrael [fr], Ariel Abramovich, Eric Redlinger (of Asteria Musica) and Evangelina Mascardi.
# Saroya, Punjab

Saroya is a village in the tehsil town Balachaur, located in the Sahid Bhagat Singh District of Punjab, India. It is an ancient village tracing its roots to pre Independence era , when it was home to a majority of muslims. Even today houses from that era still exist here.
31°10′37″N 76°13′54″E﻿ / ﻿31.1770548°N 76.2315774°E﻿ / 31.1770548; 76.2315774
* This article about a location in the Indian state of Punjab is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cambridge, Tasmania

Cambridge is a suburb in the greater area of Hobart, capital of Tasmania, Australia. It is in the City of Clarence local government area. The suburb is situated in close proximity to Hobart International Airport and the Cambridge Aerodrome (Cambridge Airport), and is approximately 18 km to Hobart via the Tasman Highway. In recent years Cambridge had developed an Industrial estate and has become a popular commuter town for people working in Hobart.

## Population

In the 2016 Census, there were 1,161 people in Cambridge. 87.6% of people were born in Australia and 95.1% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 36.1%, Anglican 23.7% and Catholic 23.5%.

## Retail/facilities of Cambridge

* BP Service station
* Cambridge Primary school
* The Cambridge Centre Shopping Centre
* Hartz Tasmania – Soft drinks
# Sphecodes johnsonii

Sphecodes johnsonii is a species of sweat bee in the family Halictidae.
# Sphaerium ovale

Sphaerium ovale is a freshwater bivalve of the family Sphaeriidae.

## Distribution and conservation status

* Not mentioned in IUCN Red List – Not Evaluated (NE)
* Germany
# Alf Riley

Alfred Riley (7 December 1889–1958) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers. He played in the 1921 FA Cup Final as Wolves lost 1–0 to Tottenham Hotspur.
# Mesorhizobium chacoense

Mesorhizobium chacoense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Prosopis alba in the Chaco Arido region in Argentina.
# Short-tailed dtella

The short-tailed dtella (Gehyra baliola) is a species of gecko in the genus Gehyra. It is endemic to the Torres Strait Islands and to Cape York Peninsula in Australia.
# Pope Gregory IX and Judaism

The relations between Gregory IX and Judaism were comparatively good for a medieval pope, since Gregory acted as a political protector to persecuted Jewish communities. However, he also enacted canonical laws that were later criticized for having maintained the Jews' separate status in medieval society.

## 1233 mandate

* 6 April 1233 "Mandate, if facts are established, to the archbishops and bishops of France to induce the Christians in their dioceses to stop persecuting the Jews, who had complained to the pope that they were being maltreated and tortured by certain lords, imprisoned and left to die. The Jews are willing to forsake usury. They are to be set free and are not to be injured in person or in property."

## 1234 decretals

In the 1234 Decretals, he invested the doctrine of perpetua servitus iudaeorum – perpetual servitude of the Jews – with the force of canonical law. According to this, Jews would have to remain in a condition of political servitude and abject humiliation until Judgment Day. The doctrine then found its way into the doctrine of servitus camerae imperialis, or servitude immediately subject to the Emperor's authority, promulgated by Frederick II.
The second-class status of Jews thereby established would last until well into the 19th century.

## 1235 protection

* 3 May 1235 "Protection provided to Jews by standard formula of Sicut Judeis."

## 1236 charges, mandate and request

* 17 August 1236 "List of charges against Emperor Frederick II includes the "matter of the Jewish communities of which certain churches were deprived."
* 5 September 1236 "Mandate to Gerald de Malemort, archbishop of Bordeaux, Peter, bishop of Saintes, John Builloti, bishop of Angoulême, John de Melun, bishop of Poitiers, Hugo, bishop of Sees, William de Saint-Mere-Eglise, bishop of Avranches, Peter de Colmieu, bishop-elect of Rouen, Juhellus de Mathefelon, archbishop of Tours, Geoffroy de Loudon, bishop of Le Mans, William de Beaumont, bishop of Angers, Alan, bishop of Rennes, Robertus, bishop of Nantes, Ramilf, bishop of Quimper, and Philip Berruyer, archbishop-elect of Bourges to force the crusaders of their dioceses who had killed and robbed Jews to provide proper satisfaction for the crimes perpetrated against the Jews and for the property stolen from them. They had complained to the Pope."
* 5 September 1236 "Request to Louis IX, king of France, to punish the crusaders, murderers and despoilers of the Jews, and to compel them to make restitution." [Source for all quotes on this pope: (The Apostolic See and the Jews, Documents: 492-1404; Simonsohn, Shlomo, p. 143,154,162,163,165)]
# Sherry Marts

Sherry Marts is an American consultant on sexual harassment and academic who advises scientific associations on how to address and ameliorate institutionalized sexual harassment. While Marts was a PhD student at Duke University, working in cell biology, she experienced serious sexual harassment.
At Duke University, she was the co-chairperson of the Graduate and Professional Student Council (GPSC), an organization that she helped to found.
She spent 10 years in Washington, D.C., at the Society for Women’s Health Research, where she was the vice president for scientific affairs.
In 2018 Marts shared an MIT Disobedience Award, given to individuals who fight sexual harassment, with BethAnn McLaughlin and Tarana Burke. In 2020 Marts stopped associating with McLaughlin and stopped using the #MeTooSTEM hashtag.
In September 2019 she was appointed executive director of the Genetics Society of America.

## Selected publications

* Dana, Raven; Marts, Sherry (2013). The Book of How: Answers to Life's Most Important Question. Bird & Beverage Press. ISBN 9780989311724.
* Becker, Jill B.; Arnold, Arthur P.; Berkley, Karen J.; Blaustein, Jeffrey D.; Eckel, Lisa A.; Hampson, Elizabeth; Herman, James P.; Marts, Sherry; Sadee, Wolfgang; Steiner, Meir; Taylor, Jane; Young, Elizabeth (1 April 2005). "Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior". Endocrinology. 146 (4): 1650–1673. doi:10.1210/en.2004-1142. hdl:2027.42/49483. PMID 15618360.
# Mamitu Gashe

Mamitu Gashe is an Ethiopian surgeon who is a specialist in repairing obstetric fistula, and was named by the BBC in its 100 Women list of 2018. She had decided to become an obstetrics surgeon after almost dying during childbirth at the age of 16 in 1962.
Suffering from obstetric fistula, Gashe was brought to the Princess Tsehai Hospital that offered free surgery for the condition.
After receiving surgery, Gashe helped out by making beds and assisting Australian surgeon Catherine Hamlin and New Zealand surgeon Reginald Hamlin. She joined the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, founded by the Hamlins in 1974; initially, Gashe would hand Hamlin the requested medical implements. After a couple of years she started suturing and then moved on to undertake surgery. Hamlin trained her in how to repair fistulas, and she is now regarded as one of the institution's leading fistula surgeons, often training new post-graduate doctors. The work of Reginald and Catherine Hamlin, and Mamitu Gashe, was recognised by the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) with the award of its Gold Medal.
The Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital often uses medical staff without formal qualifications. In 2007, the President of the RCS called Gashe "the forerunner of the non-medically qualified practitioner."
# Rita Ináncsi

Rita Ináncsi (born 6 January 1971 in Budapest) is a retired Hungarian heptathlete.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| Representing Hungary ||||||
| 1988 | World Junior Championships | Sudbury, Canada | 7th | Heptathlon | 5693 pts |
| 1990 | World Junior Championships | Plovdiv, Bulgaria | 2nd | Heptathlon | 5940 pts |
| 1990 | European Championships | Split, Yugoslavia | 10th | Heptathlon | 6076 pts |
| 1991 | World Championships | Tokyo, Japan | 11th | Heptathlon | 6198 pts |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | — | Heptathlon | DNF |
| 1993 | World Championships | Stuttgart, Germany | 11th | Heptathlon | 6188 pts |
| 1994 | European Indoor Championships | Paris, France | 2nd | Pentathlon | 4775 pts |
| 1994 | Hypo-Meeting | Götzis, Austria | 3rd | Heptathlon | 6573 pts |
| 1994 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 2nd | Heptathlon | 6404 pts |
| 1995 | World Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | Heptathlon | 6522 pts |
| 1996 | Olympic Games | Atlanta, Georgia, United States | 6th | Heptathlon | 6336 pts |

## Awards

* Hungarian athlete of the Year (3): 1994, 1995, 1996
# Heads Up (1925 film)

Heads Up is a 1925 American silent comedy adventure film directed by Harry Garson and starring Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn, Kathleen Myers, and Kalla Pasha.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine review, a young son of wealth who longs for freedom from the conventions of his home is sent to South America on a secret mission for a group of oil men. He becomes entangled in love and a revolution, and, after a series of swift adventures, wins the affections of the young woman and the war.

## Cast

* Maurice 'Lefty' Flynn as Breckenridge Gamble
* Kathleen Myers as Angela
* Kalla Pasha as Malofich
* Jean Perry as Cortez
* Milton Ross as Losada
* Harry McCoy as Biff
* Hazel Rogers as Anita
* Ray Ripley as Comandante
* Robert Cauterio as Spy
* Ray Turner as Zeke
# Hayley Brown

Hayley May Brown (born 25 March 1998) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Northamptonshire. She plays as a right-handed batter. She previously played for Huntingdonshire, Essex and Sunrisers.

## Domestic career

Brown made her county debut in 2014, for Huntingdonshire against Cambridgeshire, top-scoring for her side with 16*. The following season, she joined Northamptonshire. Brown was part of the side that won promotion in both the County Championship and Twenty20 Cup in 2017, and was her side's leading run-scorer in the Championship, with 125 runs including her maiden county half-century. In 2019, Brown was again her side's leading run-scorer in the County Championship, this time scoring 232 runs including her maiden county century, scoring 111* against Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire. Northamptonshire also topped their division in both competitions that season.
In 2020, Brown played for Sunrisers in the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy. She played one match, scoring 16 against South East Stars.
In 2021, Brown joined Essex, and played four matches for the side in the Twenty20 Cup, scoring 42 runs. She was also included in Sunrisers' Academy squad for the season. In 2022, she returned to Northamptonshire, playing six matches for the side in the East of England Women's County Championship, where she was the fifth-highest run-scorer in the tournament, with 172 runs at an average of 34.40. She played eight matches for the side in the 2023 Women's Twenty20 Cup, scoring 97 runs at an average of 24.25.
# Bora Bora (1968 film)

Bora Bora is a 1968 Italian sexploitation film, directed and written by Ugo Liberatore starring Haydée Politoff, Corrado Pani, Doris Kunstmann, and Rosine Copie.

## Plot

An estranged married couple reconcile their differences in the sensual surroundings of a Tahitian island.

## Production

Bora Bora was picked up for American distribution by American International Pictures, who removed some scenes (cutting down the running length from 97 to 90 minutes) and replaced the original music of Italian composer Piero Piccioni with a new score by exotica legend Les Baxter, the studio's composer of choice.

## Cast

* Haydée Politoff as Marita Ferrio
* Corrado Pani as Roberto Ferrio
* Ivan Scratuglia as Man in the Ferry
* Doris Kunstmann as Susanne
* Rosine Copie as Tehina
* Antoine Coco Puputauki as Mani
# Mircea (disambiguation)

Mircea is a given name. It may also refer to:

## Places

* Mircea Vodă (disambiguation), several settlements in Romania
* Izvorul Mircii, a tributary of the Buda in Argeș County, Romania
* Mircea, a tributary of the Ialomița in Dâmbovița County, Romania

## Other uses

* Mircea (film), a 1989 Romanian film
* NMS Mircea (1882), the second ship of the Romanian Navy's Black Sea Fleet
* Mircea (ship), built in 1938 as a training vessel for the Romanian Navy
# Sara M. Cox

Sara Matilda Cox (March 15, 1863 – March 30, 1943) was an American nurse, born in Canada, one of the "Sacred Twenty", the first twenty women admitted to the United States Navy Nurse Corps. She was superintendent of nurses at the Naval Hospital in Washington, D.C. during World War I.

## Early life

Cox was born near Grand Lake, New Brunswick, British North America. She trained as a nurse in Boston. After her appointment to the Navy Nurse Corps, she had further training at the Naval School Hospital in Washington.

## Career

By 1908, Cox had already been an Army nurse and worked in the Philippines during the Spanish–American War. That year, she was chosen to be one of the "Sacred Twenty", the first twenty women admitted to the Navy Nurse Corps when it was established in 1908; the group included Esther Hasson, Lenah Higbee, and Josephine Beatrice Bowman, the first three superintendents of the Navy Nurse Corps. "These women were no more welcome to most of the personnel of the Navy than women are when invading what a man calls his domain", recalled Bowman.
Cox was initially assigned to work at the Naval Hospital in Norfolk, Virginia in 1910. She was promoted to chief nurse at Norfolk in 1911; she transferred from Norfolk to New York in 1914, and from New York to Washington, D.C. in 1916. She served as superintendent of nurses at the Naval Hospital in Washington, D.C. during World War I. In 1921 she was transferred from Washington to San Diego.
In 1920, Cox was part of the wedding party when Nadezhda Troubetskoy, a "Russian princess" training as a nurse at the Naval Hospital, married American soldier Wallace Strait Schutz. Cox retired from the Navy Nurse Corps in 1928.

## Personal life

Cox died in 1943, aged 80 years. Her gravesite is in Arlington National Cemetery. The National Museum of American History has her nursing uniform cape in its collection.
# International World War Peace Tree

The International World War Peace Tree is a linden tree on the southwestern edge of Darmstadt, Indiana, serving as a reminder of Germany's armistice with the United States in 1918.

## Description

The tree stands on the northwest corner of St. Joseph Avenue and Orchard Road, surrounded by cornfields. Its relative isolation from the nearby forests makes it easy to identify. In front of the tree is a wooden sign reading, "International World War Peace Tree - Nov. 11, 1918". The date marks the end of World War I. The tree is 40 feet (12 m) tall and is at least 111 years old.
The sign in front of the tree is frequently adorned with small American flags, particularly around patriotic holidays such as Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Veterans Day.

## History

The tree has its origins in Germany. It was brought to the United States in 1912 as a seedling by Joseph Freudenberg, prior to World War I. When the treaty with Germany was signed in 1918, a picnic was held on the property of his sister-in-law Mrs. Wortman, and during the picnic, Freudenberg's tree was transplanted to its current location at the intersection of St. Joseph and Orchard in celebration of the end the war. The planting and dedication of this tree by German American immigrants served as a sign of their loyalty to America and also to build local community harmony. It was dedicated on August 24, 1919.
Freudenberg mounted a flagpole near the tree, but the flagpole has since been removed, although its cement base remains. The garden of flowers that once adorned the tree has also disappeared.
The tree has been maintained since its arrival in America by the same family:
* 1912 or earlier - 1918: Joseph Freudenberg
* 1918 - 1935?: Herman Wortman, son of Mrs. Wortman (nephew of Joseph Freudenberg).
* 1935? - 1965?: Clarence Wortman Sr, son of Herman.
* 1965? - 1988: Clarence Wortman Jr.
* 1988 – present: Charles Skeels, husband of Clarence Jr's daughter Beth.

## Progeny

On November 11, 2020, members of the Veterans For Peace, Chapter 104 - Evansville, IN dedicated a sapling propagated from the tree at Oak Hill Cemetery in the Veterans Plaza along with a plaque with the following inscription:
- Linden -
“Progeny of a tree brought from Germany and planted by the Freudenberg family in Darmstadt, Indiana and dedicated on the Armistice of 11 November 1918.
Propagated by Veterans For Peace in 2018 and transplanted here on 11 November 2020.
May this tree ever stand as a reminder of the universal thread that binds together all humanity - the deep, eternal longing for peace - and of the lives that bear silent witness to our failures.”