OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polydactylus plebeius

Polydactylus plebeius, the striped threadfin, also known as the common threadfin, Northern threadfin or puttynose, is a species of marine fish native to the Indo-Pacific.

## Description

Polydactylus plebeius is a medium-sized threadfin which attains a maximum total length of 45 centimetres (18 in) but is more commonly 30 centimetres (12 in). It has a pointed snout and the dorsal profile of the head is nearly straight. There are two separate dorsal fins, the first containing 8 spines which all have a base of similar thickness and the second dorsal fin has a single spine and 12 or 13 soft rays. The anal fin has 3 spines and 11 or 12 soft rays and has a base which is roughly equal in length to that of the second dorsal fin. The pectoral fin has 16 to 18 unbranched rays and has a mean length of one fifth of the standard length and its tip does not extend to the tip of the pelvic fin. This species has 5 pectoral filaments, the first is the shortest and it extends to a point just short of or equal to the origin of the pelvic fin. The second to fourth pectoral filaments do not extends as far as the tip of pelvic fin. The fifth pectoral filament is the longest, having a mean length equivalent to one-third of the standard length and it extends beyond the tip of pelvic fin. The caudal fin is deeply forked with both long caudal fin lobes lacking filaments. There are 60-68 pored scales in the lateral line which is simple and extends from the upper end of gill slit to upper end of the lower lobe of the caudal-fin. The head and upper flanks of the body are silver with a slight blackish tinge. The colour lightens on the lower flanks and the underside is white. The snout is semi-transparent. The first and second dorsal fins, as well as the caudal fin, are pale with blackish rear margins. The membrane of the pectoral fin is blackish. The pectoral filaments are white. The forward margins and origins of the pelvic and anal fins are white, while their other parts are a dusky yellowish white. This species also has 7 or 8 prominent horizontal dark stripes above the lateral line with 7 to 9 faint stripes below it.

## Distribution

Polydactylus plebeius is found in the Indo-Pacific from the coast of East Africa where it occurs as far south as South Africa through the Indian Ocean and into the Pacific Ocean as far east as French Polynesia, extending south to northern New South Wales and north to Japan. It is absent from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.

## Habitat and biology

Polydactylus plebeius occurs over muddy substrates on the continental shelf, in estuaries and off coastal beaches down to depths no greater than 122 metres (400 ft). It gathers in loose schools. It feeds on small crustaceans, fishes and other benthic organisms.

## Fisheries

Polydactylus plebeius is an important species for fisheries in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and particularly in Melanesia and Polynesia. It is fished using trawls, gill nets, handlines and beach seines.

## Species description

Polydactylus plebeius was first formally described as Polynemus plebeius by Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet in 1782 with the type locality given as Tahiti.
# K. Sathu Selvaraj

K. Sathu Selvaraj is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Srivaikuntam constituency in 1977 election.
# Caloptilia ptychospora

Caloptilia ptychospora is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Democratic Republic of Congo.
# Somatochlora flavomaculata

Somatochlora flavomaculata, also called yellow-spotted emerald, is a common species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. Its distribution stretches from France to Siberia and Mongolia. It frequents wetlands in its range. The males are known to defend their territory.

## Identification

Unlike other dragonflies that are metallic green, the species has yellow spots on its thorax and abdomen. Females have the largest spots, and the spots are brighter on young specimens. Spots on the abdomen become darker as an individual ages and may later become almost invisible. The species is similar to Somatochlora metallica, also known as brilliant emerald, but it has more yellow on top of its abdomen with yellow going down its sides. S. flavomaculata is also smaller than S. metallica.

## Behavior

The males defend their territory on dry vegetation, paths by bushes and trees, in a reedbed's glades, and waterbodies. Near the end of its breeding cycle, the waterbodies are often patrolled by the males. Their mating wheel, in which they mate while in the shape of a wheel, may be seen circling for a few minutes each time above reedbeds.

## Distribution

Somatochlora flavomaculata can be commonly found in wetlands in continental Europe, with populations being found from northern France to Siberia and Mongolia. It was first discovered in the United Kingdom in 2018 at Carlton and Oulton Marshes by wildlife photographer Andrew Easton, who appealed to users on Twitter to identify the species. The species may have been carried to the UK by easterly winds in the spring and summer despite not being known to travel for long distances. The species was used to indicate species richness in central Sweden's boreal forests.
# Kankakee Township, Kankakee County, Illinois

Kankakee Township is one of seventeen townships in Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 27,558 and it contained 11,219 housing units. This township has the smallest area in the county, but is second largest in population.

## History

Kankakee Township was formed from a portion of Bourbonnais Township on March 12, 1855.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 18.45 square miles (47.8 km$^2$), of which 17.97 square miles (46.5 km$^2$) (or 97.40%) is land and 0.48 square miles (1.2 km$^2$) (or 2.60%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

* Kankakee (northeast three-quarters)

### Unincorporated towns

* West Kankakee at 41°07′07″N 87°53′17″W﻿ / ﻿41.118644°N 87.888099°W﻿ / 41.118644; -87.888099
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Bourbonnais Township (north)
* Aroma Township (east)
* Ganeer Township (east)
* Otto Township (southwest)
* Limestone Township (west)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Mound Grove, Mount Calvary, Old State Hospital and State Hospital.

### Major highways

* Interstate 57
* U.S. Route 45
* Illinois Route 17
* Illinois Route 50

### Airports and landing strips

* Benoit Airport
* Kankakee Valley Airport (north quarter)
* Riverside Medical Center Heliport
* Saint Marys Hospital Heliport

### Rivers

* Iroquois River
* Kankakee River

## Government

The township is governed by an elected Town Board of a Supervisor and four Trustees. The Township also has an elected Assessor, Clerk, Highway Commissioner and Supervisor. The Township Office is located at 187 South Schuyler Avenue, Suite 410, Kankakee, IL 60901.

## Political districts

* Illinois's 11th congressional district
* State House District 79
* State Senate District 40

## School districts

* Herscher Community Unit School District 2
* Kankakee School District 111
# Hydroxyl value

In analytical chemistry, the hydroxyl value is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to neutralize the acetic acid taken up on acetylation of one gram of a chemical substance that contains free hydroxyl groups. The analytical method used to determine hydroxyl value traditionally involves acetylation of the free hydroxyl groups of the substance with acetic anhydride in pyridine solvent. After completion of the reaction, water is added, and the remaining unreacted acetic anhydride is converted to acetic acid and measured by titration with potassium hydroxide.
The hydroxyl value can be calculated using the following equation. Note that a chemical substance may also have a measurable acid value affecting the measured endpoint of the titration. The acid value (AV) of the substance, determined in a separate experiment, enters into this equation as a correction factor in the calculation of the hydroxyl value (HV):
       $\mathrm {HV} ={\frac {56.1\times N\times (V_{\text{B}}-V_{\text{acet}})}{W_{\text{acet}}}}+\mathrm {AV}$
Where HV is the hydroxyl value; V$_B$ is the amount (ml) potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the blank; V$_{acet}$ is the amount (ml) of potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the acetylated sample; W$_{acet}$ is the weight of the sample (in grams) used for acetylation; N is the normality of the titrant; 56.1 is the molecular weight of potassium hydroxide (g/mol); AV is a separately determined acid value of the chemical substance.
The content of free hydroxyl groups in a substance can also be determined by methods other than acetylation. Determinations of hydroxyl content by other methods may instead be expressed as a weight percentage (wt. %) of hydroxyl groups in units of the mass of hydroxide functional groups in grams per 100 grams of substance. The conversion between hydroxyl value and other hydroxyl content measurements is obtained by multiplying the hydroxyl value by the factor 17/560. The chemical substance may be a fat, oil, natural or synthetic ester, or other polyol.
ASTM D 1957 and ASTM E222-10 describe several versions of this method of determining hydroxyl value.

## Uses and value

The value is important because it helps determine the Stoichiometry of a system for example in polyurethanes. The value may also be used to calculate equivalent weight and if the functionality is known, the molecular weight also.
# Clermont Steel Fabricators

Clermont Steel Fabricators (abbreviated as CSF) is a private steel products manufacturing company known for making Bolliger & Mabillard roller coasters. The plant is located in Batavia, Ohio. CSF was founded in 2004 after the closing of Southern Ohio Fabricators. As of 2013, Clermont has 65 employees.

## History

In 1989, Walter Bolliger asked Clermont's general manager, Ken Miller—who was then general manager of Southern Ohio Fabricators (SOF)—if he would be interested in manufacturing roller coasters for Bolliger's company, Bolliger & Mabillard of Switzerland. As a result, SOF manufactured its first coaster, Iron Wolf at Six Flags Great America. Prior to the project, SOF's main focus was manufacturing commercial and industrial buildings. In 2004, SOF closed and Miller and a group of investors bought the company, renaming it Clermont Steel Fabricators and making the decision to focus on coaster manufacturing.
The company manufactures other steel products, including turbine power bases and enclosures, heavy weldments, machine bases, structural steel, louvers and dampers, and industrial equipment.

## Location

Clermont Steel Fabricators is situated in Batavia across Old State Route 32 from the former Ford Batavia Transmission plant which closed in 2008. Its main building has 152,000 square feet (14,100 m$^2$) of production space, and there is 76,500 square feet (7,110 m$^2$) of outdoor storage space surrounding it.
# How Much Love (Survivor song)

“How Much Love” is a song by an American rock band Survivor. It was the opening track and the second single released from their 1986 album When Seconds Count.
The B-side of the single, "Backstreet Love Affair", also featured on the When Seconds Count album as the eighth track.
The single peaked at #51 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 28, 1987 and remained on that chart for a total of 9 weeks.
# Bob Lipscomb

Robert Lipscomb (28 February 1837 – 8 January 1895) was an English amateur cricketer. He played 60 first-class cricket matches, mostly for Kent County Cricket Club, between 1862 and 1873.

## Early life

Lipscomb was born at Penshurst in Kent, the son of Robert and Elizabeth Lipscomb. His father was a farmer and, after being educated at Rocky Hill House School in Maidstone, Lipscomb followed in his father's footsteps and farmed for much of his life, initially at East Peckham. He suffered financially during the agricultural depression of the 1870s and later worked as a hop factor at Leigh.

## Cricket

As a cricketer, Lipscomb was a fast bowler, playing as an amateur when his work allowed him to. He has been described as a "valuable addition" to the Kent bowling attack who often played at his best during Canterbury Cricket Week, the social highlight of the county's cricketing year. A well-built man, Lord Harris described him as the "fiercest of bowlers" and Lipscomb took 206 wickets in his 48 first-class matches for Kent. His Wisden obituary described him as "one of the fastest and straightest amateur fast bowlers of his day".
After impressing whilst playing for Town Malling, Lipscomb's first-class debut was for Kent against an England XI during the 1862 Canterbury Cricket Week. He played first-class cricket in every season until 1873, making a total of 60 appearances. Other than the county side, he played for the Gentlemen of Kent as well as other amateur sides. His best bowling performance came in 1871 against MCC at Lord's when he took nine wickets for the cost of 88 runs (9/88), including bowling six batsmen.

## Family and later life

Lipscomb married Lucy Richmond in 1859; the couple had five children. One of their sons, Frank Lipscomb, played first-class cricket, mainly as a fast bowler for Kent in the 1880s before emigrating to Australia.
Lipscomb served on the General Committee at Kent between 1871 and 1877. He died at Tudeley Hale in Kent in 1895, aged 57.
# Hardware-dependent software

Hardware-dependent software (HDS or HdS), the part of an operating system that varies across microprocessor boards and is comprised notably of device drivers and of boot code which performs hardware initialization. HDS does not comprise code which is only specific to a processor family and can run unchanged on various members of it. The HDS is alternatively called the BSP, for Board Support Package, especially in the world of commercial operating systems where the processor family code is distributed in binary form only.
Often software that runs on operating systems may be hardware dependent at first, but emulators can reduce dependencies for specific hardware.
# Riffle (anonymity network)

Riffle is an anonymity network developed by researchers at MIT and EPFL as a response to the problems of the Tor network.
Riffle employs a privacy-enhancing protocol that provides strong anonymity for secure and anonymous communication within groups. The protocol is designed using the anytrust model, which ensures that even if colluding servers attempt to compromise the privacy of the group, they cannot do so if at least one server in the group is honest.
Like Tor, it utilizes onion routing. According to MIT's Larry Hardesty, researchers at MIT and the Qatar Computing Research Institute demonstrated a vulnerability in Tor's design.
To achieve its goals, Riffle implements two distinct protocols: the Hybrid Shuffle protocol for sending and Private Information Retrieval (PIR) for receiving.
For sending information, Riffle uses a hybrid shuffle, consisted of a verifiable shuffle and a symmetric-key algorithm. The Hybrid Shuffle protocol consists of a setup phase and a transmission phase. During the setup phase, a slow verifiable shuffle based on public key cryptography is used, while an efficient shuffle based on symmetric key cryptography is used during the transmission phase. Messages sent over Riffle are not forwarded if they have been altered by a compromised server. The server has to attach proof in order to forward the message. If a server encounters unauthenticated messages or different permutations, it exposes the signed message of the previous server and runs the accusation protocol to ensure verifiability without requiring computationally intensive protocols during transmission phases.
For receiving information it utilizes multi-server Private Information Retrieval. All servers in the system share a replicated database, and when a client requests an entry from the database, they can cooperatively access it without knowing which entry they are accessing.
The main intended use-case is anonymous file sharing. According to the lead project researcher, Riffle is intended to be complementary to Tor, not a replacement.
# Mahmoud Shokraye

Mahmoud Shokraye is an Iranian cartoonist. He is most famous in English-speaking world for being sentenced to 25 lashes for a caricature he drew for a newspaper of a local member of parliament for the city of Arak.
Shokraye drew a cartoon of local politician Ahmad Lotfi Ashtiani for Nameye Amir, a city newspaper in Arak. The cartoon depicts Ashtiani in a football stadium, dressed as a footballer, with a congratulatory letter in one hand and his foot resting on the ball. Ashtiani sued Shokraye for insulted him. The Markazi provincial court then found in favor of Ashtiani and sentenced the cartoonist to 25 lashes. The punishment was unprecedented for an Iranian cartoonist and prompted a backlash in Iran's online community and social media with calls for cartoonists to draw new caricatures of the MP. Nikahang Kowsar, a prominent Iranian cartoonist who was also punished for caricaturing a prominent official told the Guardian newspaper: "This verdict is a direct threat to each and every cartoonist working inside Iran. From now on, if this sentence is not set aside, any public official could sue the cartoonists for portraying him/her in a cartoon.". Iranian journalist Masih Alinejad thought the sentence notable as a sign of Iranian authorities' lack of tolerance towards any form of criticism, and noted the very mild nature of the caricature. "He has drawn the MP exactly the way he is, even with his prayer mark. Actually the MP's cartoon looks better than the MP himself." Amnesty International also protested the lashings.
# Blue Lake (Tasman)

Rotomairewhenua / Blue Lake is a small lake in Nelson Lakes National Park, in the northern reaches of New Zealand's Southern Alps. Sacred to local Māori, it has the clearest natural fresh water in the world.

## Description

The Blue Lake is drained by the west branch of the Sabine River, which is part of the Buller River system. It is fed by a short upper segment of the Sabine, which in turn is fed by underground seepage through the landslide debris impounding the much larger Lake Constance. Blue Lake is roughly boomerang shaped, running north then northwest, with each arm of the lake stretching some 200 metres (700 ft). Its waters are cold, ranging from 5 to 8 °C (41 to 46 °F).

### Clarity

The lake has extremely clear water, and is the clearest natural body of fresh water yet reported. A 2011 study found its visibility ranged from 70 to 80 metres (230 to 260 ft), clearer than the 63 metres (207 ft) measured for Te Waikoropupu Springs, a previous record holder. For comparison, laboratory measurements show distilled water has a visibility of approximately 80 metres (260 ft). Scientists attribute the lake water's clarity to its passage underground from Lake Constance, which filters out nearly all the particles suspended in the water. Its clarity reveals water's natural blue-violet colour.

## Facilities and access

Blue Lake is most often reached as a side trip from the Travers-Sabine Circuit, although a marked route to the south, over the Waiau Pass and another to the West, via Moss Pass continues beyond the lake. The nearby Blue Lake Hut, with 16 bunks, provides accommodation for more than 700 trampers each year.

## Māori history

Blue Lake lies within the rohe (tribal area) of Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō. As part of the iwi's 2010 treaty settlement, the lake passed into tribal ownership and was then given back to the Crown. The lake was traditionally used in ceremonies to cleanse the bones and release the spirits of the dead, so they could begin their journey to Hawaiki, and the iwi regard its waters as tapu (sacred). (Blue Lake was used only for males; Lake Constance was used for females.) Its Māori name, Rotomairewhenua, means "the lake of peaceful lands".
In August 2014, the official name for Blue Lake was altered to Rotomairewhenua / Blue Lake, following the Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō treaty settlement with the Crown.
# Mahan (horse)

Mahan (foaled 1951 in England) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who competed successfully in France for his American owner/breeder Ralph B. Strassburger before being sold to Allie E. Reuben's Hasty House Farm and brought to race in the United States.
Trained by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Harry Trotsek, Mahan defeated the great Swaps to win the Arch Ward Handicap at Washington Park Race Track in Chicago.
In 1957, Mahan won the most important race of his career when he captured the Washington, D.C. International Stakes, a race that was the precursor to the Breeders' Cup.
Mahan was not successful at stud.
# Maiuma

Maiuma, Maiumas, Maiouma, Maïouma or Maioumas is the name of an ancient festival and related toponyms. Maiuma may refer to:
* Maiuma (city), ancient port city of Gaza
* Maiuma (festival), ancient water festival dedicated to Dionysus and Aphrodite

## Other locations

* Betomarsea-Maiumas, near Charachmoba (today's al-Karak), known from the Madaba Map
* Maiumas (civitas Maiuma Ascalonitis), the 6th-c. harbour of Ascalon, known from Piacenza Pilgrim's itinerarium, perhaps today's Khirbat al-Ashraf
* Maiumas or Kefar Shuni, also Shumi/Shami, later Khirbat Miyāmās, Khirbat al-Shuna, today in Binyamina
# AUIS

AUIS may refer to:
* American University of Integrative Sciences, a private, for-profit medical school located in Bridgetown, Barbados.
* American University of Iraq, Sulaimani
# Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Paota, Jaipur

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalya (JNV), Jaipur (जवाहर नवोदय विद्यालय, जयपुर) is a Central Board for Secondary Education affiliated school in the district of Jaipur, in the Jaipur region of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti. It is located near Kotputali on NH 8 Paota (Jaipur-Delhi Highway), 75 Kms from Jaipur.

## Background

The school is located near the village of Paota in Jaipur district. The school is residential and all facilities are free of cost from everyday needs to all educational needs. The school was established on a temporary site in 1986. The school now has buildings for classrooms, hostels, staff quarters, and a multi-purpose hall. There is a Rajiv Smriti Van in the very center of the school which adds to its bio-diversity. A local seasonal river passes through Rajiv Smriti Van.
The elliptical area of Rajiv Smriti Van is surrounded by a road with two bridges to cross the river. The road connects all the buildings with each other.
JNV Jaipur have awarded the status of Smart School in Jaipur Region. The status is given to the Top Ten Schools of India.
The entrance test for admission into 6th and 9th class of the school is conducted by the Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti. The school syllabus is Central Board of Secondary Education pattern. There are classes from 6th standard to 12th standard.
Music, Computer science and SUPW are taught as optional subjects. The school has a computer room equipped with internet and a music room with instruments available.

## Cluster

The Navodaya Vidyalaya comes under Sawaimadhopur 1st cluster in Jaipur region of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti.

## Migration

Under migration scheme, 30% students of 9th class migrated to Jamnagar, Gujarat. Third language is accordingly Gujarati.

## Address

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Navodaya Road near Powerhouse, Paota district, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303106