OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mineola Monitor

The Mineola Monitor was a newspaper in Mineola, Texas serving Wood County, Texas and the communities of Alba, Golden, Hawkins and parts of unincorporated Wood County.

## History

The newspaper was established in 1876 by D.C. Williams. In 1907 the Monitor was purchased by J.A. Thomas. Although a weekly newspaper, it was published as a daily twice during its history. The Mineola Monitor was recently owned by ASP Westward before being sold to Texas Community Media, LLC. In 2012, the newspaper was purchased by Bluebonnet Communications.
The owner from 1955 to 1963 was Neil Harle, who also owned the Grand Saline Sun. He sold the Monitor in 1963 to Editors, Inc., which also owned the Lindale News and the Wood County Record.$^{:6-A}$
The Mineola Monitor was merged with the Wood County Democrat in 2016 to form the Wood County Monitor.
# Pietro Romualdo Pirotta

Pietro Romualdo Pirotta (7 February 1853 – 3 August 1936) was an Italian professor of botany. He was made Knight of the Crown of Italy.

## Biography

He enrolled in the faculty of medicine of the University of Pavia and then changed to the University's faculty of sciences, where he graduated in July 1875. He taught science at the liceo of Pistoia and simultaneously worked at the mycological laboratory which was part of the Botanical Institute of the University of Pavia, where he received his laurea (PhD). In 1879 he won a prize from the Institute of Mycology at the University of Strasbourg. In Italy he was appointed to the professorial chair of botany at the University of Modena and to the directorship of the botanical garden at Modena. In 1883 the minister Guido Baccelli appointed him Professor at the Department of Botany at the Sapienza University of Rome, in which position he remained until 1928. Pirotta directed the creation of a new botanical institute in the garden attached to the convent of San Lorenzo in Panisperna. Pirotta was a founder of the publication of l'Annuario of the Royal Botanical Institute of Rome (subsequently named the Annali di Botanica). He promoted the founding of the Colonial Herbarium (located in Rome from 1905 to 1915 and then in Florence).
Pirotta identified the first outbreaks of Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) in Italy. In 1917–1922 he played a key role in the creation of the National Park of Abruzzo. He served as president of the Italian Botanical Society.
Pirotta was elected to the Accademia dei Lincei in 1901 and to the Royal Academy of Italy in 1929. A street in Rome is named in his honor.

## Sources

* Franco Pedrotti, Alle origini del Parco Nazionale d’Abruzzo: le iniziative di Pietro Romualdo Pirotta, (L’uomo e l’ambiente, 10), Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino 1988;
* Luigi Piccioni, Il volto amato della Patria. Il primo movimento per la protezione della natura in Italia, 1880-1934, (L'uomo e l'ambiente, 32), Università degli Studi di Camerino 1999;
* P.R. Pirotta, Il Parco nazionale dell’Abruzzo, Federazione italiana delle associazioni Pro Montibus ed enti affini, Roma 1917.
# Connor Fields

Connor Fields may refer to:
* Connor Fields (BMX rider)
* Connor Fields (lacrosse)
# Mycostilla

Mycostilla is a genus of fungi in the order Auriculariales. The type and only species, Mycostilla vermiformis, forms effused, gelatinous, crystalline or net-like basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on fallen conifer wood in Europe. The species was formerly placed in Stypella, but the latter genus is of uncertain disposition and appears unrelated to the Auriculariales. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, distinguishes Mycostilla from the morphologically similar genus Stypellopsis.
# Pramod Ranjan Sengupta

Pramod Ranjan Sengupta (1907 - 1974) was a Marxist intellectual and Bengali revolutionary, attached with of Indian National Army led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

## Early life

Sengupta was born in British India at Dumka, presently in the state of Jharkhand. His father Harshanath Sengupta was a reputed doctor of Dumka. In 1925 while studying in Krishnagar Government College, at Krishnanagar, Nadia he came in contact with Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, Anantahari Mitra, Mahadev Sarkar and gravitated towards revolutionary politics.

## Revolutionary activities

Sengupta was arrested for his connection with Dakshineswar Bomb Case and was interned in Shibchar village of Faridpur District, presently in Bangladesh. During this period he completed graduation. After his release in 1927, he went to England for higher studies. While studying in London School of Economics, he joined India League and the London Dock workers' trade union. Sengupta went to Germany in 1928 at the invitation of Saumyendranath Tagore who introduced him to the members of the Berlin Committee. While returning to England, French police arrested him with a revolver. After release, he met international communist Leaders like Rajani Palme Dutt, Shapurji Saklatvala and Harry Pollitt. In 1934-35 he participated in the communist group of studies along with other Indian students in London which latter formed the antiimperialist Progressive Writers Association. Sengupta also worked as a reporter for Hindustan Standard in London. In 1938 he submitted the thesis paper regarding the 'Agro related development in India' and got the Ph.D degree. He went to Spain to join the International Brigades against the Nationalist forces. During World War II Sengupta joined in Indian National Army formed by Subhas chandra Bose in Berlin and he became its Program Director. He also edited the Ajad hind magazine for a short while. After the war he was arrested in 1945 by the British military Mission and was imprisoned for 10 months. In 1946, Sengupta returned to India, joined Left-wing politics and was again imprisoned in 1950 in the Presidency jail in Kolkata. After release, he joined in Communist Party of India.

## Other movements

Sengupta was active in International Peace Movement, Progressive Writers' Movement, Bharatiya Gananatya Sangha, Democratic Rights and Civil Society Movement after the commencement of The Emergency (India). He was the President of All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at the time of Naxalbari uprising. Pramod Ranjan Sengupta, popularly known as Pramod Sengupta, was a founder member of Bengal's civil liberty organization Association for Protection of Democratic Rights (APDR), and elected as its first general secretary in 1972.

## Literary works

Sengupta was a Marxist intellectual and socio political essayist and. A number of his articles were published in various magazines. He wrote the following books:
* Bhartiya Mahabidroha
* Nilbidroho o Tatkalin Bangali Samaj
* Kalantarer Pathik Romain Rolland
* Naxalbari and Indian Revolution
# Apocalypso

Apocalypso may refer to:

## Music
### Albums

* Apocalypso (The Motels album), 2011
* Apocalypso (The Presets album), 2008
* Apokalipso, 1996 album by Darko Rundek

### Songs

* "Apocalypso", a 1980 song by The Monochrome Set
* "Apocalypso", a 1984 song by Mental As Anything
* "The Apocalypso", a 1985 song by Singing Fools
* "Apocalypso", a 1986 song by Wishbone Ash
* "Apocalypso", a 1994 song by Jimmy Buffett
* "Apocalypso", a 2005 song by Mew
* "Apocalypso", a 2014 song by Dave Weckl & Jay Oliver
* "Apocalypso", a 2016 song by Wizo

## Novels

* Apocalypso (novel), a 1998 novel by Robert Rankin
# Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg

Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (Friedrich Wilhelm, 25 October 1768, The Hague – 9 January 1816, Weilburg) was a ruler of Nassau-Weilburg. He was created Prince of Nassau and reigned jointly with his cousin, Prince Frederick Augustus of Nassau-Usingen, who became Duke of Nassau. Frederick William died in January 1816, only two months before his cousin. Both men were succeeded by Frederick William's son, William.

## Family

Frederick William was the eldest surviving son of Karl Christian of Nassau-Weilburg and Princess Wilhelmine Carolina of Orange-Nassau.
Wilhelmine Carolina was a daughter of William IV, Prince of Orange and Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange. Anne was in turn the eldest daughter of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach.

## Marriage and children

On 31 July 1788 in Hachenburg, Frederick William married Burgravine Louise Isabelle of Kirchberg (Hachenburg, 19 April 1772 – Vienna, 6 January 1827). The groom was almost twenty years old and the bride only sixteen. At the time he was still the heir to the principality. His father died on 28 November of the same year and Frederick William succeeded him.
Frederick William and Louise Isabelle had four children:
* William, Duke of Nassau (14 June 1792 – 20 August/30 August 1839).
* Auguste Luise Wilhelmine of Nassau-Weilburg (Weilburg, 5 January 1794 – Weilburg, 11 April 1796).
* Henrietta of Nassau (30 October 1797 – 29 December 1829). Married Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
* Friedrich Wilhelm of Nassau-Weilburg, then of Nassau (Bayreuth, 15 December 1799 – Vienna, 6 January 1845). He married on 7 June 1840 Anna Ritter, Edle von Vallyemare (Vienna, 21 June 1802 – Paris, 19 July 1864), created Gräfin von Tiefenbach in 1840, widow of Johann Baptist Brunold. Their only daughter was:
** Wilhelmine Brunold (Altzgersdorf, 5 July 1834 – Geneva, 12 December 1892), created in 1844 Gräfin von Tiefenbach, married in Paris on 30 October 1856 and divorced in 1872 Émile de Girardin (né Émile Delamothe) (Paris, 22 June 1802 – Paris, 27 April 1881).

## Ancestry

Ancestors of Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg :
Frederick William, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg House of Nassau-WeilburgCadet branch of the House of NassauBorn: 25 October 1768 Died: 9 January 1816 :
| Regnal titles |||
| Preceded byKarl Christian | Prince of Nassau-Weilburg 1788–1816 | Succeeded byWilhelm |
# Palmaris muscle

Palmaris muscle may refer to:
* Palmaris brevis muscle
* Palmaris longus muscle
* Palmaris profundus muscle
# Fozia Hashim

Fozia Hashim is a former head of the High Court of Eritrea. She is a Muslim woman of Tigre descent. In 1993, she was appointed to the post of Minister of Justice.
As the Minister of Justice she has been responsible for the reorganization of the Court system and the drafting of a new legal code. All Proclamations and legal regulations are vetted by her office. Under her leadership community courts have elected their magistrates.
# Inheritance (play)

Inheritance is a two act play by Australian playwright Hannie Rayson. It is a family saga set in Victoria's Mallee region.
The original Melbourne Theatre Company (MTC) production opened at the Playhouse, Arts Centre Melbourne in March 2003, before moving the following month to the Sydney Opera House's Drama Theatre for the Sydney Theatre Company. Directed by Simon Phillips, the cast included Ronald Falk, Geraldine Turner, Steve Bisley, Julie Nihill, Wayne Blair, Gareth Ellis, Nick Farnell, Katherine Fyffe, Jody Kennedy, Lois Ramsey, Monica Maughan and Rhys McConnochie.
At the 2004 Helpmann Awards, Inheritance was named Best New Australian Work, and the MTC's production Best Play.
# Assisted-opening knife

An assisted-opening knife is a type of folding knife which uses an internal mechanism to finish the opening of the blade once the user has partially opened it using a flipper or thumbstud attached to the blade.
When the knife is in the closed position, the blade is held in place by means of torsion springs and an additional blade lock (optional). As the user applies manual pressure to the thumbstud to open the knife, a mechanism such as a torsion spring moves along a track in the liner and rapidly rotates the blade into the open and locked position.

## Legality
### United States

Although commonly confused with switchblade knives, a switchblade can be opened automatically simply with the push of a button, but the user of an assisted-opening knife must open it about one-quarter of the way (45°) before the mechanism opens the knife the rest of the way. The difference is important legally; because the blade does not open simply "by the push of a button or by force of gravity" the assisted-opening knife is typically not considered a switchblade, and may escape the restrictions applying to those in many places. Despite this, there are cases on record of persons in possession of assisted-opening knives who have been arrested for possessing a 'switchblade knife' prohibited under state laws. In 2018, New York's highest court sustained a criminal conviction for possession of a switchblade against a defendant found in possession of an assisted-opening knife.

### United Kingdom

In 2019, the Offensive Weapons Act prohibiting automatic flick knives was amended to prohibit: “(a)any knife which has a blade which opens automatically—(i)from the closed position to the fully opened position, or (ii)from a partially opened position to the fully opened position, by manual pressure applied to a button, spring or other device in or attached to the knife, and which is sometimes known as a “flick knife” or “flick gun”..”. According to the official United Kingdom website on the selling, buying, and carrying of knives, assisted-opening knives are included in the newly amended, expanded definition of a prohibited flick knife.

## Trade names

Trade names for assisted-opening knives are: Forward Action Spring Technology, A/O Knife, Torsion Assist Knife, Assisted Knife, Spring Assist Knife, Spring Assisted Knife, Quick Release, Quick Draw, Alternative Automatic, Outburst, SpeedSafe, Blade Launcher, S.A.T (SOG Assisted Technology), and the Semi-Auto.

## History

The first assisted opening knife was designed by Blackie Collins in 1995 and was named the "Strut-and-Cut"; it was based on the strut of his Ducati motorcycle. A similar concept was developed three years later by knifemaker Ken Onion with Onion's idea based on a similar mechanism in his Harley Davidson motorcycle. Onion applied for a patent on his design in 1998.
# NGC 4372

NGC 4372 (also known as Caldwell 108) is a globular cluster in the southern constellation of Musca. It is southwest of γ Muscae (Gamma Muscae) and west of the southern end of the Dark Doodad Nebula (Sandqvist 149), a 3° thin streak of black across a southern section of the great plane of the Milky Way.
NGC 4372 "is partially obscured by dust lanes, but still appears as a large object some 10 arcseconds in diameter," according to Astronomy of the Milky Way (2004).
The cluster has highly peculiar chemistry similar to NGC 5694, being extremely iron-poor yet having super-solar abundances of magnesium and titanium.
# Siddham (film)

Siddham (transl. Ready) is a 2009 Telugu-language action film, produced by Kiran Kumar Koneru on Shreya Productions banner and directed by J. D. Chakravarthy. The film stars Jagapati Babu, Sindhu Menon, and music composed by Amar Mohile. This film's plot is inspired by the Hindi film, Ab Tak Chhappan.

## Plot

The film begins at the Hyderabad Task Force department led by a dynamic deputy, Dayanayak, an encounter specialist. Though challenging, he has an enjoyable way of living with his ideal wife, Gauri, and daughter Harini. Daya holds the best network over the underworld and is cordial with his juniors & informers. However, Daya's pre-eminence envies one of his boys, Salim. Parallelly, a drastic feud rundown between mobsters Bilal, based abroad, and Chota. Meanwhile, a new kid, Akhil, on the block, attains confidence in Daya, and nice amity develops between them. During these events, Daya establishes a love-hate telephonic conversation with Bilal. Sooner, Daya upends when his confidential adviser, Commissioner Gurunarayana, retires, and an amoral Sivalinga Prasad arrives. He aids Chota, also persecutes Daya, and hoists Salim. Nevertheless, Daya strenuously never fails his path.
Once Daya gets intel regarding the landing of professional sharpshooter Ashok Chota's sidekick, he immediately takes action and apprehends him. But alas, his mother dies in that encounter where Ashok seeks vengeance and breaks out of the prison. At that point, Bilal notifies Daya that he is at risk from Ashok. Then, on the eve of Akhil's wedding, Gauri is slain by an unidentified and the cataclysmic forms severe impact on Daya. Yet, he is committed and initiates an inquiry, which Sivalinga Prasad hinders. Thus, Daya resigns and wipes out Chota's gang. Forthwith, Sivalinga Prasad announces shoot-at-sight orders against Daya and assigns Salim, who traps him. On the verge of his encounter, Akhil fires on Salim and frees Daya. Afterward, Daya knocks out Sivalinga Prasad too.
Now, Daya calls for Bilal to fuse, which he accepts and succeeds in getting him out of India. Later that night, Daya & Bilal begin a dialogue when Bilal states Ashok is the homicide of Gauri. Here, shockingly, Daya proclaims that he had already encountered Ashok before Gauri's death. Notoriously, it is Bilal's foul play that killed Gauri on behalf of Ashok, inducing Daya against Chota's gang. Anyhow, Daya has made this reverse gimmick for it. He slaughters Bilal therein and returns. At last, Gurunarayana reinstates Daya by posing his crimes as a covert mission. Finally, the movie ends with Daya persistently proceeding to a new operation with his team.

## Cast

* Jagapathi Babu as Dayanand alias Daya (based on Daya Nayak)
* Sindhu Menon as Gauri
* Kota Srinivasa Rao as Commissioner Gurunarayan
* Radha Ravi as Commissioner Sivalinga Prasad
* Mukul Dev as Bilal
* Kota Venkata Anjaneya Prasad as Saleem
* Dr.Bharath Reddy as Akhil
* Subbaraju as Ashok
* Narsing Yadav as Fancis
* Amith as Pappu
* Bharat as Vasim
* Govardhan as Narayana
* Dr. Siva Prasad as MLA Sudheer Babu
* Sandra as Padma
* Aparna as Pinky
* Baby Sivani as Harini
# Km 3

Km 3 (Portuguese pronunciation:, "Km 3") is a Bairro in the District of Sede in the municipality of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is located in northeast Santa Maria.

## Villages

The bairro contains the following villages: Km 3, Vila Anacleto Corrêa, Vila Bilibiu, Vila Dr. Wautier, Vila Favarin, Vila Palmares.

## Gallery of photos

vtePlaces adjacent to Km 3 :
Campestre do Menino Deus Presidente João Goulart
Campestre do Menino Deus / Itaara / Arroio Grande
Arroio Grande
Presidente João Goulart Nossa Senhora das Dores
Km 3
Arroio Grande
Nossa Senhora das Dores Cerrito
Cerrito / São José
Pé de Plátano :
# French frigate Clorinde (1801)

Clorinde was a 44-gun Uranie-class frigate of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in 1803 and took her into service as HMS Clorinde. She was sold in 1817.

## French naval service

She was laid down as Havraise in 1796, and was renamed to Clorinde before her commissioning in Nantes. In 1801, she was under Emmanuel Halgan.
In February 1802, under frigate captain Pierre-Marie Le Bozec, she was sent on station at Santo Domingo. She was surrendered to the British at the surrender of Cap Francais, along with Surveillante. The Royal Navy took her into service under her existing name.

## Royal Navy service

The Royal Navy commissioned Clorinde at Jamaica in May 1804 under Captain Robert O'Brien. She arrived at Plymouth on 23 July.
Between November 1807 and December 1808 Clorinde underwent repairs. In October, Captain Thomas Briggs recommissioned her. He sailed her to the East Indies on 17 February 1809.
On 28 January 1810 Clorinde captured the French privateer Henri. Henri was pierced for 14 guns, but mounted only eight 12-pounder guns. She had a crew of 57 men.
In November 1810, Clorinde was part of the squadron participating in the invasion of Isle de France.
In September 1814 Clorinde was under the command of Captain Samuel Pechell.

## Fate

The Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy offered "Clorinde, of 38 guns and 1161 tons", lying at Deptford, for sale on 30 January 1817. The Royal Navy sold Clorinde on 6 March 1817 to Mr. Freake for £2,500.

## Citations

* ↑ "Naval Database". Archived from the original on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
* ↑ "No. 15672". The London Gazette. 4 February 1804. pp. 163–164.
* 1 2 3 4 5 Winfield (2008), p. 175.
* ↑ "No. 16402". The London Gazette. 4 September 1810. p. 1341.
* ↑ "No. 17208". The London Gazette. 1 January 1817. p. 61.
# Traffic conflict

A traffic conflict is "an observable event which would end in an accident unless one of the involved parties slows down, changes lanes, or accelerates to avoid collision". Traffic conflicts are defined by their time-to-collision, post-encroachment-time, and angle of conflict parameters as well as the vehicles' position in time and space.
Traffic conflicts have typically been used for transportation safety studies, whereby observing and monitoring individual collisions may be impractical, unfeasible, or unsafe. Traffic conflicts are used as traffic collision surrogates, under the assumption that the same factors affecting collision rates also affect conflict rates, in proportion to the conflict severity, termed conflict hierarchy.
The principles of traffic conflicts apply to all modes of transportation involving vehicles operating in a non-guided medium, including motorized vehicles, airplanes, boats, and bicycles.

## By modes of transportation
### Motorized vehicles

Most traffic conflicts involving motorized vehicles are observed on highways, usually involving lane changing or sudden changes in vehicle speeds (rear-end collisions), or in intersections, involving a large array of conflict types.

## Methodology

The U.S. Federal Highway Administration-sponsored Safety Surrogate Assessment Model is a tool being developed for the analysis of conflicts using simulated results from traffic modelling, video analytics and microsimulation. Traffic microsimulation models simulate the behaviour of individual vehicles within a predefined road network and are used to predict the likely impact of changes in traffic patterns resulting from changes to traffic flow or from changes to the physical environment. Microsimulation has its greatest strength in modelling congested road networks due to its ability to simulate queueing conditions. Microsimulation models will continue to provide results at high degrees of saturation, up to the point of absolute gridlock. This capability makes these type of models very useful to analyse traffic operations in urban areas and city centers, including interchanges, roundabouts, unsignalized and signalized intersections, signal coordinated corridors, and area networks. Microsimulation also reflects even relatively small changes in the physical environment such as the narrowing of lanes or the relocation of junction stop lines.

## Criticism

Some research suggests that the correlation between conflicts and collisions is weak, or can vary from site to site.
Because human observation of conflicts is a complicated process, some argue that a certain amount of subjectivity invalidates traffic conflict analysis involving human observers.
# Francesco IV

Francesco IV may refer to:
* Francesco IV Ordelaffi (1435–1466)
* Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (1586–1612)
* Francesco IV d'Este (1779–1846)
# Summit Airport

Summit Airport may refer to:
* Summit Airport (Alaska) in Summit, Alaska, United States (FAA/IATA: UMM)
* Summit Airport (Delaware) in Middletown, Delaware, United States (FAA: EVY)
# NGC 4359

NGC 4359 is a dwarf barred spiral galaxy seen edge-on that is about 56 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 20, 1787. It is a member of the NGC 4274 Group, which is part of the Coma I Group or Cloud.
On the sky, NGC 4359 appears to lie closest to the flocculent spiral NGC 4414 which is also a member of the NGC 4274 Group and the Coma I cloud. However, their radial velocities differ by around 500 km/s suggesting an interaction between the two is unlikely.
# Mutter

Mutter may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Mutter (album), a 2001 album by Rammstein
** "Mutter" (song), a song by Rammstein
* The Mother (play) or Die Mutter, a play by Bertolt Brecht

## Other uses

* Mutter (software), a window manager initially for X Window System, which became a Wayland compositor
* Mutter (surname)
* Mutters, a municipality near Innsbruck, Austria
* Mütter Museum, a medical museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US