OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cornish Stannary Parliament

The Cornish Stannary Parliament (officially The Convocation of the Tinners of Cornwall) was the representative body of the Cornish stannaries, which were chartered in 1201 by King John. In spite of the name, the Parliament was not a Cornish national assembly, instead representing the interests of the tin industry; however, due to the significant proportion of Cornwall's population involved in the tin trade, it wielded considerable power.

## History
### Background

The stannaries are said to have first been acknowledged by the Crown in 1198, but formal recognition came with a 1201 charter from King John which affirmed the ancient rights tinners (those involved in mining tin) enjoyed. The charter exempted tinners from common taxes (though the stannaries had their own tax system) and made the Lord Warden of the Stannaries the sole magistrate with jurisdiction over them. Tinners were also protected from being called up to provide labour to local lords of the manor while they were working in the tin industry.

### Parliament

A Cornish Stannary Parliament building was built at Lostwithiel in 1305. The suspension of the Stannary Parliament and curtailing of tinners' tax exemption rights in 1496 is seen to be one of the factors in the 1497 Cornish rebellion.
The Stannary Parliament met at Lostwithiel and Truro throughout its existence. Being the seat of the Parliament is credited as one of the factors that caused Truro to become a "significant administrative centre".
According to Thomas Pitt, no Stannary Parliament sat between 1710 and 1750, though efforts had been made from 1744 to try to get the Parliament recalled. The last session of the Stannary Parliament convened in Truro in 1752, being adjourned in September 1753.
Because the Stannary charters have never been revoked, some argue that the powers and rights of the Stannary Parliaments are still extant.

## Procedure and powers

Members of the Stannary Parliament were called stannators. The 24 stannators, six from each of the four Cornish stannaries (Tywarnhaile, Blackmoor, Foweymoore and Penwith), had the power to pass laws which had effect over the whole of Cornwall in the same way as an Act of Parliament.
The Parliament was summoned by the Duke of Cornwall and the Lord Warden of the Stannaries issued notices to each of the stannary towns (Truro, Lostwithiel, Helston and Launceston) ordering elections for six stannators from each. At the opening of the Parliament the Lord Warden would make a speech, oversee the election of a speaker, and then be excluded. 24 assistants were appointed to help with the drafting of legislation, forming an informal lower house.
The Stannary Parliament also held the power of veto over Westminster laws that affected the stannaries; to become law, a bill which affected mining needed the approval of every stannator, the Lord Warden, and the Duke of Cornwall. From 1752, bills from the Stannary Parliament needed the assent of sixteen members of the Westminster Parliament but as Cornwall was hugely overrepresented in Parliament, this was less of a burden than it would be today.
# The Rat Pack: Live from Las Vegas

The Rat Pack - Live From Las Vegas is a musical produced by Flying Music Group Ltd. It was conceived and created by Mitch Sebastian, who was also the original director and choreographer.

## Early UK productions

Developed over three years the original production opened outside London, England, at the Beck Theatre, Hayes, in January 2000. A short tour featured Louis Hoover as Frank Sinatra, Michael Howe as Dean Martin and Peter Straker as Sammy Davis Junior. The show was rewritten and new set designs were added for a second UK tour in 2001 with Clive Carter and George Daniel Long playing Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Junior. It was not until the 2002 UK Tour that the show found an audience. Further rewrites and new set designs by Sean Kavanagh with costume designs by Paul Clarke and a cast that featured Stephen Triffit (Sinatra) Mark Adams (Martin) and Long (Davis) led to a 6-month tour.
The production transferred to the West End for a twelve-week engagement at Theatre Royal Haymarket in 2003. It then transferred to Strand Theatre (now Novello Theatre), where it played for two years. The original West End cast starred Adams (Martin), Long (Davis), and Triffitt (Sinatra). In May 2005, the show transferred to the Savoy Theatre where it ran for another two years, for a total run of more than 1,000 performances.

## Subsequent productions

A new limited season was performed at the Adelphi Theatre in London from September 2009 to January 2010 starring Craige Els (Martin), Giles Terrera (Davis), and Louis Hoover (Sinatra). It then played for another limited season at the Wyndhams Theatre in 2011–2012 with the original cast.
By 2014, it had also played at Peacock Theatre, London Palladium and Theatre Royal Drury Lane. In December 2017 it returned to the Theatre Royal Haymarket, with Nicola Emmanuelle as Ella Fitzgerald. It closed in February 2018 followed by another UK tour which finished in June 2018.
A European tour premiered in 2004 and ran for four years playing, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, Norway and Denmark. The show was renamed The Ratpack Live from the Sands when it embarked on its first US Tour in 2005. It continued to tour America as part of the Broadway series for a subsequent four seasons. Another production played in Toronto's Canon Theatre. Sebastian also directed a filming of the show for PBS in America, with (Giles Terrera as Davis.

## Recordings and accolades

The Original West End cast recording was made early in the run at the Novello Theatre featuring the original cast.
The show was nominated for best new musical in the Whatsonstage.com Awards and for best entertainment in the 2003 Laurence Olivier Awards.
# Sokhuldzhan

38°56′N 48°17′E﻿ / ﻿38.933°N 48.283°E﻿ / 38.933; 48.283
Sokhuldzhan is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Nascent hydrogen

Nascent hydrogen is an outdated concept in organic chemistry that was once invoked to explain dissolving-metal reactions, such as the Clemmensen reduction and the Bouveault–Blanc reduction. Since organic compounds do not react with H$_2$, a special state of hydrogen was postulated. It is now understood that dissolving-metal reactions occur at the metal surface, and the concept of nascent hydrogen has been discredited in organic chemistry. However, the formation of atomic hydrogen is largely invoked in inorganic chemistry and corrosion sciences to explain hydrogen embrittlement in metals exposed to electrolysis and anaerobic corrosion (e.g., dissolution of zinc in strong acids (HCl) and aluminium in strong bases (NaOH)). The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement was first proposed by Johnson (1875). The inability of hydrogen atoms to react with organic reagents in organic solvents does not exclude the transient formation of hydrogen atoms capable to immediately diffuse into the crystal lattice of common metals (steel, titanium) different from these of the platinoid group (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni) which are well known to dissociate molecular dihydrogen (H$_2$) into atomic hydrogen.

## History

The idea of hydrogen in the nascent state having chemical properties different from those of molecular hydrogen developed the mid-19th century. Alexander Williamson repeatedly refers to nascent hydrogen in his textbook Chemistry for Students, for example writing of the substitution reaction of carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen to form products such as chloroform and dichloromethane that the "hydrogen must for this purpose be in the nascent state, as free hydrogen does not produce the effect". Williamson also describes the use of nascent hydrogen in the earlier work of Marcellin Berthelot. Franchot published a paper on the concept in 1896, which drew a strongly worded response from Tommasi who pointed to his own work that concluded "nascent hydrogen is nothing else than H + x calories".
The term "nascent hydrogen" continued to be invoked into the 20th century.

## Reducing agents at low and high pH

Devarda's alloy (alloy of aluminium (~45%), copper (~50%) and zinc (~5%)) is a reducing agent that was commonly used in wet analytical chemistry to produce in situ so-called nascent hydrogen under alkaline conditions for the determination of nitrates (NO$^−$ $_3$) after their reduction into ammonia (NH $_3$).
In the Marsh test, used for arsenic determination (from the reduction of arsenate (AsO$^{3−}$ $_4$) and arsenite (AsO$^{3−}$ $_3$) into arsine (AsH $_3$)), hydrogen is generated by contacting zinc powder with hydrochloric acid.
So, hydrogen can be conveniently produced at low or high pH, according to the volatility of the species to be detected. Acid conditions in the Marsh test promote the fast escape of the arsine gas (AsH$_3$), while under hyperalkaline solution, the degassing of the reduced ammonia (NH$_3$) is greatly facilitated (the ammonium ion NH$^+$ $_4$ being soluble in aqueous solution under acidic conditions).
# Nascent (film)

Nascent, is a 2016 Central African documentary short film co-directed by Lindsay Branham and Jon Kasbe and produced by Lindsay Branham. The film based on the civil war in Central African Republic where two children, one Christian and one Muslim, comes together and find answers to the once divided peaceful nation along religious lines.
The film made its premier in October 2016 in the United States. The film received positive reviews from critics and made many official selections at film festivals such as, Santa Barbara International Film Festival, 2016, Big Sky Film Festival, 2016 and Women Deliver 4th Global Conference, Copenhagen, 2016. In 2016 at the Mountainfilm Festival, the film won the Best Cinematography Award.
# Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy is an album by the American Jazz musician Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra recorded in 1963, but not released until 1967 on Sun Ra's own Saturn label. The record was reissued on compact disc by Evidence in 2000.
Originally released in a sleeve with a Sun Ra doodle, the better known cover, designed by Richard Pedreguera, was in place by 1969. Pedreguera also designed the sleeve for The Nubians of Plutonia at around the same time.

## Reception and legacy

The album has been discussed within the context of anticipating psychedelia or pointing towards the funk of George Clinton;
   'Clinton's astral ritual seems as inspired by the Nation of Islam as it is by Sun Ra, and when asked about the Ra in 1979, Clinton said, "This boy was definitely out to lunch - the same place I eat at."
When reissued on CD, Art Forms of Dimensions Tomorrow was added to the disc.

## Track listing
### 12" Vinyl

All songs by Sun Ra Side A:
* "And Otherness" – (5.10)
* "Thither and Yon" – (4.01)
* "Adventure-Equation" - (8.26)
Side B:
* "Moon Dance" – (6.34)
* "Voice of Space" – (7.42)

## Musicians

* Sun Ra – Hammond B-3 Organ, Clavioline, Percussion
* Marshall Allen – Oboe, Percussion
* Danny Davis – Alto Sax, Flute
* John Gilmore – Bass Clarinet, Percussion
* possibly Bernard Pettaway – Bass Trombone
* Pat Patrick – Baritone Saxophone
* Robert Cummings – Bass Clarinet
* Ronnie Boykins – Bass
* Clifford Jarvis – Drums
* James Jacson – Percussion
* Tommy Hunter – Percussion, Reverb
* Ensemble vocals
First two tracks recorded at the Choreographer's Workshop, New York (the Arkestra's rehearsal space) in 1963. Adventure-Equation, Moon Dance and Voice of Space were recorded at the Tip Top club, Brooklyn, in the same year, at 10 in the morning whilst Tommy Hunter was playing nights there with Sarah McLawler's trio, since the club provided access to a Hammond B-3 organ gratis. Hunter remembers some neighbourhood kids running in during the recording and shouting, "These guys don't know how to play!".
# Corribert

Corribert (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# The Renaissance (E.Town Concrete album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Renaissance is the third studio album by American rap metal band E.Town Concrete, released in April 2003.
Music videos were produced for both "Mandibles" and "Punch The Walls." They saw moderate airplay on MTV2's Headbangers Ball in late 2003, which was key in helping garner a wider audience for the group. "Mandibles" was also featured on the first MTV2 Headbangers Ball compilation album that same year. Hatebreed singer Jamey Jasta, & formerly Ill Niño singer Cristian Machado, both made a guest appearance on the track Battle Lines.

## Track listing

* "Mandibles" (Anthony Martini) - 3:06
* "More Than Incredible" (Anthony Martini) - 3:22
* "Metroid" (Anthony Martini) - 4:09
* "So Many Nights" (Anthony Martini) - 4:06
* "Let's Go" (Anthony Martini) - 3:41
* "Baptism" (Anthony Martini) - 3:46
* "Appetite For Distinction" (Anthony Martini) - 3:42
* "Battle Lines" (Jamey Jasta, Cristian Machado, Anthony Martini) - 4:09
* "Doormats" (Anthony Martini) - 4:28
* "Punch The Walls" (Anthony Martini) - 3:48
* "In The Heart Of Wolves" (Anthony Martini) - 14:03
# Smart Club

Smart Club AS was a Norwegian retail chain with three outlets, offering the products from forty product categories. The stores had a membership programme, where customers paid NOK 100 to gain bonuses throughout the year.

## History

The company was founded in 1995 by Atle Brynestad through his investment company CG Holding and had eight outlets at a time. In July 2008, the chain was bought by Coop NKL who converted three stores to their own hypermarket chain, Coop Obs!, two to Coop Mega and one to Coop Xtra. They let two outlets, all in the Greater Oslo Region, stay under the Smart Club name. One outlet is at Alnabru and the second is at Slependen. In 2010, a new Smart Club was opened in Råde.
The store in Alnabru was later converted to a Coop Obs! Hypermarked and a Coop Obs! Bygg, splitting the old Smart Club into two separate stores. The building also currently house an Expert XL (consumer electronics) and Lampehuset Lysgiganten(Lamps and lighting), The Slependen Store was reduced significantly in floor space and remaining space converted to the Coop Extra discount format, but has struggled. http://www.budstikka.no/%C3%B8konomi-bolig/coop-extra-sliter-med-salget-pa-slependen-1.8362107 (link in Norwegian)
# Narasimha Nakha Stuti

Narasimha Nakha Stuti (also popularly Nakha Stuti), is one of the most famous and short Stutis (poems) composed by Madhvacharya in praise of nails of Narasimha written in Sragdhara metre. Stuti means eulogy, singing praise, panegyric and to praise the virtues, deeds and nature of God by realising them in our hearts. In this stuti Madhvacharya eulogised the power of Narasimha and his nails. Indologist B. N. K. Sharma says, "According to tradition, Madhva composed these two verses and had them prefixed to his disciple's Vayu Stuti, extolling Madhva in his three 'incarnations', as he did not approve of the disciple's praising him, exclusively. They are now recited as part of the Vayu Stuti, at the beginning and at the end".
# Laramie station (CTA Garfield Park branch)

Laramie was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L"'s Garfield Park branch, opening in 1902 and serving as the branch's terminal and connecting it with the interurban Aurora, Elgin & Chicago Railroad (AE&C). The AE&C continued downtown on the Garfield Park's trackage in 1905, whereafter it only boarded westbound passengers and alighted eastbound passengers to avoid direct competition with the "L"; as part of the same agreement, the "L" had extended west to the AE&C's station on Des Plaines Avenue. The AE&C, later renamed the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad (CA&E), ceased operation in 1953, and the station closed altogether in 1958 when the Garfield Park branch was replaced with the Congress Line.
# Corvallis High School

Corvallis High School may refer to:
* Corvallis High School (California)
* Corvallis High School (Montana)
* Corvallis High School (Oregon)
# Larry Lee

Larry Lee may refer to:
* Larry Lee (American football) (born 1959), American football player
* Larry Lee (baseball) (born 1959), American baseball coach
* Larry Lee (musician) (1943–2007), American musician best known for his work with Al Green and Jimi Hendrix
* Larry Dale Lee (1958–1999), American journalist murdered in Guatemala
* Larry Lee Jr. (born 1953), American politician
* Larry Lee (artist) (born 1962), Asian-American artist from Chicago
* Larry Lee, American musician with the band The Ozark Mountain Daredevils
# The Quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre

"The Quarrel of Apophis and Seqenenre" is an ancient Egyptian story. It is fragmentarily attested only in a papyrus copy made by a scribe named Pentawer during the reign of pharaoh Merenptah of the 19th Dynasty.$^{:190}$ The story is set in an earlier date, towards the end of the Second Intermediate Period: the main characters are the two pharaohs Apophis and Seqenenre Tao, though the text is not historically accurate. In it, 'the Hyksos king Apophis challenges Seqenre, the local ruler of Thebes, with an adynaton [puzzle] (the hippopotami of Thebes disturb with their cries the sleep of Apophis, who resides at Avaris on the Nile Delta, hundreds of miles away). The end of the tale has been lost, but Seqenenre presumably found a solution, perhaps with the help of a wise counsellor.' It is part of a wider corpus of ancient Egyptian tales of wisdom-contests: it has some similarities, for example, to the much later "Tale of Setne Khamwas and Si-Osire", attested on papyrus in the Roman period.
# Soegiono

Soegiono was an Indonesian politician who served as the 9th Regent of Poso Regency from 1984 to 1988. He came from a military background.
He was the founder of University of Sintuwu Maroso.
# Landscaping of the Acropolis of Athens

The landscaping of the Acropolis of Athens includes a system of paths and architectural interventions designed by Dimitris Pikionis, an architect and teacher at the School of Architecture at the National Technical University of Athens, in participation with his students, from 1954 to 1957.
The project consists of a network of footpaths that provide access to the Odeon of Herodes Atticus, the Acropolis of Athens and the Philopappos Hill from Dionysiou Areopagitou Street and Apostolou Pavlou Street. It included the renovation of the chapel of Saint Demetrios Loumbardiaris and its churchyard.

## General idea

The general idea of the plan was laid out in marking the paths and selecting a series of points related to orientation and views. This was done by Pikionis's intuition. Pikionis wanted to provide a sequence of emotions such as surprise, admiration and curiosity to the visitor before he could reach the Acropolis or Philopappos Hill. Classical and traditional architecture as well as Japanese influences were merged and created a contemporary design that embraces and idealizes Greek tradition.

## Materials

Pikionis collected marble and clay shards left over from the demolished buildings of nineteenth-century Athens and composed them into a collage in the paths. These pieces were put together with new marble stones and concrete elements into ornaments and fragments referring to the past and based on traditional elements. All patterns and shapes of paving, gutters, steps and seats merge naturally into an art piece.

## Improvised construction

The project was done with Pikionis's intuition and aesthetic sensibility about the site. A general idea was laid out; however, the design was never specified in detail. Everything was adapted in situ during the construction which was carried out by small construction teams that Pikionis supervised and guided through suggestions, examples and dialogue. He said: "The common architectural supervision would be totally inadequate and the architect should build the work himself through the hands of his craftsmen." By supporting craftsmen's creativity he achieved a perfect result between his guidance and the workers' execution: "Try it as you know; you have your own way. I only gave an idea. I am sure you can set it up better." His thinking is in a way close to Le Corbusier's during his brutalism period, when he considered incidental imperfection done by workers a beautiful part of the finished project.

## Criticism

As Pikionis relied solely on his intuition and artistic sensitivity and not on any historical or archeological research during the project, he was criticized after the completion of the project. For Pikionis's defense professor Charalambos Bouras said: “Pikionis approaches the ancients by deviating from history. He is to establish his personal relationship with the object”.
# Nathalie Griesbeck

Natalie Griesbeck (born 24 May 1956 in Metz) is a French politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament for the East of France from 2004 until 2019. She is a member of the Democratic Movement (MoDem), part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

## Education and early career

Griesbeck has a master's degree in public law (1979) and postgraduate diplomas (DEAs) in public law (1980) and legal history (1981).
She was formerly a lecturer in public law at the University of Metz, and has also served as deputy mayor of Metz, with responsibility for finance and economic development, vice-chair of Metz Council, with responsibility for economic development, a member of the Moselle Council, and chair of Transcité (2001–2003). She holds the Palmes académiques and the Ordre National du Mérite.

## Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2019

Griesbeck first became a Member of the European Parliament in the 2004 European elections. She first served on the Committee on Budgets from 2004 until 2009 before joining the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs in 2009. From 2017, she also chaired the Special Committee on Terrorism, a temporary body to address the practical and legislative deficiencies in the fight against terrorism across the EU.
On the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, Griesbeck served as rapporteur on the situation of unaccompanied minors in the EU, among other issues.
In addition to her committee assignments, Griesbeck served as a member of the parliament's delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly; the European Parliament Intergroup on Children's Rights; and the European Parliament Intergroup on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights. She was also a supporter of the MEP Heart Group, a group of parliamentarians who have an interest in promoting measures that will help reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). She was previously a member of the European Parliament's delegation for relations with Mercosur and a substitute for the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and ASEAN.
MoDem chairman François Bayrou included Griesbeck in his shadow cabinet in 2010, in preparation for the 2012 French presidential election; in this capacity, Griesbeck served as opposition counterpart to Minister of Justice Michel Mercier.
Griesbeck was the second candidate in the East constituency on the MoDem list, while Jean-François Kahn was the top candidate. The list only won one seat, but Kahn resigned before the session opened, giving his position to Griesbeck.

## Other activities

In addition to her parliamentary work, Griesbeck at one point listed 68 different board memberships in the medical sector.