OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Neon-burning process

The neon-burning process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in evolved massive stars with at least 8 Solar masses. Neon burning requires high temperatures and densities (around 1.2×10$^9$ K or 100 keV and 4×10$^9$ kg/m$^3$).
At such high temperatures photodisintegration becomes a significant effect, so some neon nuclei decompose, absorbing 4.73 MeV and releasing alpha particles. This free helium nucleus can then fuse with neon to produce magnesium, releasing 9.316 MeV.
    $^{20}$ $_{10}$Ne + γ → $^{16}$ $_8$O + $^4$ $_2$He $^{20}$ $_{10}$Ne + $^4$ $_2$He → $^{24}$ $_{12}$Mg + γ
Alternatively:
    $^{20}$ $_{10}$Ne + n → $^{21}$ $_{10}$Ne + γ $^{21}$ $_{10}$Ne + $^4$ $_2$He → $^{24}$ $_{12}$Mg + n
where the neutron consumed in the first step is regenerated in the second.
A secondary reaction causes helium to fuse with magnesium to produce silicon:
    $^{24}$ $_{12}$Mg + $^4$ $_2$He → $^{28}$ $_{14}$Si + γ
Contraction of the core leads to an increase of temperature, allowing neon to fuse directly as follows:
    $^{20}$ $_{10}$Ne + $^{20}$ $_{10}$Ne → $^{16}$ $_8$O + $^{24}$ $_{12}$Mg
Neon burning takes place after carbon burning has consumed all carbon in the core and built up a new oxygen–neon–sodium–magnesium core. The core ceases producing fusion energy and contracts. This contraction increases density and temperature up to the ignition point of neon burning. The increased temperature around the core allows carbon to burn in a shell, and there will be shells burning helium and hydrogen outside.
During neon burning, oxygen and magnesium accumulate in the central core while neon is consumed. After a few years the star consumes all its neon and the core ceases producing fusion energy and contracts. Again, gravitational pressure takes over and compresses the central core, increasing its density and temperature until the oxygen-burning process can start.
# Indexed universal life

Indexed universal life (often shortened to IUL) is a type of universal life insurance product that offers a death benefit coupled with a cash value account that can be used to pay policy premiums or take withdrawals and loans. Indexed life usually provides a floor of 0%, but offers higher upside interest crediting based on the performance of an outside stock index such as the S&P 500 Index. Indexed life insurance is a moderately conservative interest-sensitive life insurance product.
# Susúa State Forest

Susúa State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Susúa) is one of the 20 forest units that make up the public forest system of Puerto Rico. This forest is located in the southeastern foothills of the Central Mountain Range or Cordillera Central, in the municipalities of Sabana Grande and Yauco. Most of the forest, particularly the lower parts, are of secondary growth as the land had originally been deforested and used for cattle grazing, timber production and agriculture. The forest is an important habitat for the endangered Puerto Rican nightjar.

## History

The forest reserve was proclaimed in 1935 by the forestry division of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration (PRRA) and subject to the 1917 Puerto Rico Forestry Law. The forest is now managed by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA). The forest is also important for its archaeological value as many Taíno sites have been uncovered in the forest.

## Ecology

The forest is an important transition zone from a subtropical moist broadleaf biome to a subtropical dry broadleaf biome which is important to several endangered species such as the Puerto Rican nightjar (Antrostomus noctitherus). The forest is also considered an important ecological corridor between the Guánica dry forest and the Maricao State Forest. There is a high rate of endemism in the forest and species such as the Zamia portoricensis and the Calliandra locoensis of the Fabaceae family is only found in the area and nowhere else in Puerto Rico or the world.
Some endangered or threatened species found in the forest are the pincho rose tree (Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon), the black cobana (Libidibia monosperma), the Sierra higuero (Crescentia portoricensis) and the threatened red fruit bat (Stenoderma rufum).

## Recreation

Hiking is permitted in the forest on weekdays from 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. although visitors must contact the forest offices (787-999-2200 Ext. 5156) before arriving. Camping is allowed ($6 per tent) and cabins are also available for rent ($40 per night). The forest office also offers group tours and guided hikes, and support for researchers interested in conducting scientific investigation in the forest.
# Leon Lafferty

Leon Lafferty is a municipal and a territorial level politician in Northwest Territories, Canada.
Lafferty ran for a seat in the Northwest Territories Legislature in the 1995 Northwest Territories general election. He was defeated by James Rabesca. He would run against Rabesca again in the 1999 Northwest Territories general election defeating Rabesca and former MLA Henry Zoe to win the North Slave district. Lafferty ran for re-election in the 2003 Northwest Territories general election but was defeated by Zoe.
After his defeat from the Legislature, Lafferty ran for the position of Chief of Behchokǫ̀ in the Executive Council for the Tłı̨chǫ nation Government, being elected on June 13, 2005.
# Tranquillo Zerbi

Tranquillo Zerbi (1891-1939) was a leading Italian automotive engineer.

## Early years

Zerbi attended primary school in Pisa before being relocated to Winterthur in Switzerland, and then moving again to The Grand Duchy of Baden which at this point was a not yet fully integrated part of the German Empire. It was here that Zerbi attended the Engineering School at the University of Mannheim, emerging in 1912 with a diploma in Mechanical engineering.
With his diploma, he returned to Winterthur, taking an internship with Sulzer, which enabled him to deepen his practical engineering knowledge and, in particular, to develop an expertise on diesel engines, which Sulzer had been producing since 1898.

## Career

Returning to Italy, Zerbi gained employment in Legnano with Franco Tosi & C, a pioneering business applying the newly emerging metal based mechanical technologies. It was here that he worked under the direction of Ettore Maserati, one of five brothers soon to become famous following the foundation of the auto-business that bears their family name. While at FTM Zerbi worked on the application of diesel engines to submarines.
In August 1919 he transferred to Fiat, where he was employed in the product development department, working on competition cars and, from 1925, also taking responsibility for the development of aero-engines destined for use in competition aircraft. His masterpiece is a 3000 HP 24 Cylinder behemoth of an engine powering the world record-breaking Macchi Castoldi MC72 seaplane that reached a breathtaking 709 Km/H just before WW2, with pilot officer Francesco Agello at the controls. This engine is basically two siamezed Fiat Vee 12 engines, bolted together end to end (to reduce surface induced drag) driving two contra-rotating two blades fixed pitch propellers.
In 1929, after ten years with the company, he took over as director of the manufacturer’s extensive Technical Department, inspiring and leading product development projects across the company’s wide field of activities in what became an increasingly high-profile role, until March 1939. 1939 was also the year in which he was awarded the honorific status of a “Grande Ufficiale della Corona d'Italia”, in recognition by the state of his contribution to aeronautical progress. Further public honours included his membership, and later the chairmanship, of the Technical Committee of the Ente nazionale italiano di unificazione (literally “National Unification Commission of Italy”).
Death came suddenly, on 10 March 1939, through a heart attack that followed an aggressive bout of influenza. Tranquillo Zerbi left behind him a widow and three small children, and is buried on the cemetery at Pecetto Torinese, a quarter on the south side of Turin. Zerbi was a committed Fascist and his funeral cortege was accordingly headed up by a Guard of Honour of Blackshirts.
# Pietro Paolo Raggi

Pietro Paolo Raggi (1646–1724) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Northern Italy.
Born in Genova, he received his first training in Venice, then came back to Genoa.
He is considered a follower of the Caracci in his St. Bonaventure contemplating a Crucifix a large picture in the church of S.S. Annunziata del Vastato in Genoa.
After visiting Turin, Savona and Lavagna, he established himself at Bergamo, where he painted a Magdalen borne to Heaven by Angels for the church of St. Martha and where he died in 1724.
There are Bacchanal and landscape subjects painted by him.
He is described by Luigi Lanzi as a man of a restless disposition, irascible, and dissatisfied with every place he inhabited... This truant disposition carried him to Turin, then to Savona, then afresh to Genoa, now to Lavagna, now to Lombardy, and last to Bergamo, where he died.
# Phil Collins (disambiguation)

Phil Collins (born 1951) is an English musician with the rock band Genesis.
Phil or Philip Collins may also refer to:

## Sports

* Phil Collins (baseball) (1901–1948), American baseball player
* Phil Collins (speedway rider) (born 1960), English international motorcycle racer
* Phillip Collins (cyclist) (born 1972), Irish Olympic cyclist

## Others

* Philip Collins (journalist) (born 1967), British journalist
* Phil Collins (artist) (born 1970), British photographer and artist
* Phil Collins (politician) (born 1967), American politician
* Philip R. Collins, proprietor of Barometer World in Devon, England
* Philadelphia "Phil" Collins, character in the Trailer Park Boys
# Allium talyschense

Allium talyschense is a critically endangered species of wild onion native to the South Transcaucasia region of Armenia, between the villages Gnishik, Khachik and in Talish. A. talyschense has no conservation actions.

## Description

Its stem is 10–30 cm, it is also white or purplish and it has flat leaves. A. talyschense grows in subalpine belt, at 2200–2400 altitude above sea level in meters. It is a bulb-forming perennial with a scent resembling that of garlic or leeks.

## Distribution

Only one population in Armenia is known to have it. The species can get loss of the main habitat which is caused by internal factors. It wasn't included in the very first Red Data Book of Armenia. No subspecies are cataloged in the Catalogue of Life.
# Great Bear Recreation Park

Great Bear Recreation Park, more commonly referred to as Great Bear, is a small ski hill in the northeastern section of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, in the United States. It is owned by the City of Sioux Falls, and co-managed by Great Bear Recreation Park Inc.

## History

Great Bear Ski Area was established in 1966 by Ron Clifford and later sold to Dennis Finke and Jerry Dirks in 1969. Great Bear started out as an old gravel pit with one rope tow and two runs. One longer run to the left of the rope tow and one shorter run to the right. Dennis and Jerry built the first chalet at the ski area. In the early days Great Bear was open Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday expanding hours in the 1970s to every day. By the early 1970s Great Bear had expanded to three rope tows and seven runs. Great Bear began expanding into a year-round recreation park in the summer of 1998. The renovation of the Chalet at Great Bear was completed December 2001 and offers a 270-degree panoramic view of the surrounding area. The 2002 completion of the Ralph and Doris Wallin Nature Trail System marked the completion of the Great Bear Expansion Project and officially opened the park to four-season use.

## Facilities

Great Bear Ski Valley, eastern South Dakota's largest ski resort, features over 220 acres of outdoor fun just minutes from downtown Sioux Falls. In the winter, the park features 14 downhill ski trails with 3 lifts (quad chairlift, magic carpet, and handle tow) and a terrain park. The Kirby Family Tubing Park has 8 to 12 lanes with a magic carpet lift. Both the ski and tubing hills have snowmaking. The park also has 4 miles of cross country and snow shoeing trails that provide. Great Bear offers lessons and complete equipment rentals.
The park also features a chalet offering a selection of food and beverage and ample seating. Great Bear does not offer onsite lodging.
In the summer, The Ralph and Doris Wallin Nature trail system, nearly 4 miles of trails, provides 3 distinct trail loops through hills and valleys with scenic views. Bicycling is not allowed on the trails. The lodge is also rented out for private events during the spring, summer and fall months including company retreats and weddings.
# Mt. Olivet Baptist Church (Portland, Oregon)

Mt. Olivet Baptist Church in Portland, Oregon is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is at 1734 NE 1st Avenue and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 2022.
# NeonSeon

NeonSeon is the pen name of American writer and illustrator Seon Ricks. Ricks was born on December 6, 1974, in Hyde Park, Chicago.
Ricks created a comic strip called Shouty Mack for her high school newspaper, The Weekly, at Francis W. Parker School. Years later she developed the character Shouty into the book series Life of Shouty.
Released under the pseudonym NeonSeon, the debut book in the series, Life of Shouty: Good Habits, came out May 2010. Good Habits was selected by the Midwest Book Review for inclusion in the Children's Bookwatch. Her second book, Life of Shouty: Food Fitness, debuted October 2011.
Ricks attended the John W. Draper Program at New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science and received an MA in Humanities and Social Thought.
# Detention of Olga Mata

Olga Lucila Mata de Gil (born c. 1949) is a Venezuelan woman detained in April 2022 for recording a humorous video posted on the social network TikTok in which she names arepas after high-ranking government officials.

## Process

On 13 April 2022, an arrest warrant was issued against Mata after she recorded a humorous video published on the social network TikTok two years prior in which she names different arepas with the name of high-ranking government officials and the type of filling they had. Her son, Florencio Gil Mata, was arrested, and both were charged with the crime of "promotion or instigation to hatred". Tarek William Saab, the Attorney General imposed by the 2017 Constituent National Assembly, set up the Special 4th Control Court "with competence in cases related to terrorism". William Saab subsequently released a video of Mata apologizing for the content of the video; the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Special Court agreed on a precautionary measure against her.
The non-governmental organization Espacio Público [es], dedicated to the promotion and defense of the freedom of speech, condemned the arrest and recalled that the "right to record and broadcast a video exercising the full enjoyment of freedom of expression in its individual and social dimension, through humor, is not a reason for arrest nor is it a crime".
# Northrop

Northrop may refer to:

## Businesses

* Northrop Corporation, an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1939
* Northrop Grumman, an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1994 as a merger of the above company with Grumman
* Northrop Loom, an American designed weaving loom

## Places
### United States

* Northrop, Minnesota, a town
* Northrop, Minneapolis, Minnesota, a neighborhood
* Northrop Auditorium, on the Minneapolis campus of the University of Minnesota
* Northrop Field, a former stadium for the University of Minnesota
* Northrop High School, Fort Wayne, Indiana
* Northrop University, a former aviation institute
* Mount Northrop, Minnesota

## People

* Northrop (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Northrop Frye (1912–1991), Canadian literary theorist
* Suzane Northrop (born 1948), American self-proclaimed psychic medium
# Pietro Paolo Vasta

Piero or Pietro Paolo Vasta (31 July 1697 - 28 November 1760) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, mainly active in the east of his native Sicily.

## Biography

He was born in Acireale. and initially trained with both the painters Giacinto Platania and Antonio Filocamo, who directed the fresco decoration in 1711 of the Cathedral of Acireale. At the age of 17 years, he moved to Rome, where he was mentored putatively by Luigi Garzi. Vasta was apparently admitted to the Accademia di San Luca in Rome; however, little of his work here is known.
He returned to Acireale in 1731. One of his first works were frescoes for the church of San Sebastiano, where he could be compared to Venerando Costanzo, who was also painting frescoes contemporaneously. He would next add frescoes depicting scenes from the Old Testament to the Cathedral, here competing with Costanzo for the commission. He also painted a large Marriage at Cana canvas for the church. Among the churches in Acireale containing his paintings are the Santi Pietro e Paolo, Santa Maria del Suffragio, and San Camillo (also known as Chiesa dei Crociferi).
Among his pupils in Acireale were Vito d'Anna, Giuseppe Grasso, Mariano Cali, Michele Vecchio (1730-1799), Francesco Finocchiaro, Giovanni Leonardi, Santi Leotta, Giovanni Musmeci, and Ignazio Castorina. His son Alessandro Vasta was also a painter.
# Arthur Simeon

Arthur Simeon is a stand-up comedian based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was born in Kampala, Uganda on November 14, 1983 and attended the prestigious Namilyango College between 1996 and 2001. In the fall of 2001, Simeon moved to Canada to attend university in Peterborough, Ontario.
Simeon first tried stand-up comedy as a teenager while attending Trent University. He has performed multiple times at Just for Laughs and appeared on HBO and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
In February 2010, Simeon was featured as the cover story of NOW in Toronto. His debut comedy album, Born and Raised, was released in 2014 on Comedy Records. His sophomore album, The Blackest Panther, came out in February 2020. In the summer of 2020, he wrote and performed on the CBC series Humour Resources.
Arthur Simeon is part of the Toronto-based label Comedy Records and was featured on their ten-year anniversary album.
# Allium subangulatum

Allium subangulatum is a Chinese species of wild onion, native to Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai Provinces.
Allium subangulatum produces a cluster of narrow bulbs, each up to 10 mm across. Scape is up to 35 cm tall. Leaves are long and very narrow, shorter than the scape and usually less than 1 mm wide. Umbel is hemispheric with many flowers crowded together. Tepals reddish-purple with darker red midvein.
# The Harbour Bride

The Harbour Bride (German: Die Hafenbraut) is a 1927 German silent drama film directed by Wolfgang Neff and starring John Mylong, Olga Engl and Robert Leffler.
The film's sets were designed by the art director Artur Günther.

## Cast

* Alice Kempen
* John Mylong
* Olga Engl
* Robert Leffler
* Bobbie Bender
# Muhurr

Muhurr is a village and a former municipality in the Dibër County, northeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Dibër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,780.

## Demographic history

Muhurr (Muhur) appears in the Ottoman defter of 1467 as a settlement in the vilayet of Lower Dibra. The village had a total of 18 households which were represented by the following household heads: Pop Llazari, son of Gjoni; Stanisha, son of Leka; Martini, son of Gjoni; Kola, son of Nikolla; Llazari, son of Vlashi; Dimitri, son of Gjoni; Andrea, son of Llazari; Pop Mëhilli; Gjoni, son of Gjergji; Gjoni, son of Leka; Leka, son of Gjergji; Llazari, son of Dimitri; Gjoni, son of Leka; Gjini, son of Progoni; Lumsha, son of Gjoni; Todori, son of Gjoni; Gjoni, son of Mizi; and Sik Marini.
# Foel Dinas

Foel Dinas is a mountain in Wales. It is the north-westernmost peak of the Dyfi Hills and sits above the town of Dinas Mawddwy.
In the 1870s its eastern and northern slopes were planted with trees by Sir Edmund Buckley, the lord of the manor of Mawddwy. On the northern flank is Llyn Foel Dinas, a lake which was dammed to form a reservoir, providing the water supply to Buckley's manor house in Dinas Mawddwy. The southern shoulder of the mountain was the location of Minllyn quarry from the 1790s to 1925.
# Calogaya arnoldii

Calogaya arnoldii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that is common and widespread in Europe and Asia. It is in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1876 by Hugh Algernon Weddell, as a species of Lecanora. After being transferred to Caloplaca in 1915, it was considered as a member of that genus for nearly a century. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed Caloplaca to be polyphyletic, and it was divided up into several smaller genera in 2013. Calogaya arnoldii was one of eight species transferred to the newly circumscribed Calogaya by Ulf Arup, Patrik Frödén, and Ulrik Søchting. The lichen is part of a species complex with complicated taxonomy, and in which intermediate phenotypes are frequently observed, making it difficult to reliably distinguish them. Calogaya saxicola is one such similar species, and it has often been confused with C, arnoldii in areas where they co-occur, as the differences between them are subtle.
Verrucula arnoldaria is a lichenicolous lichen that parasitises Calogaya arnoldii.
# Part X of the Constitution of India

Part X of the Constitution of India consists of Articles on the scheduled and Tribal Areas.
Article 244
Administration of scheduled areas and tribal areas.
Fifth scheduled and tribal areas
10 states have this area
Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Telangana
6th scheduled areas
Tribes of 4 North-eastern states

## Article 244A

Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both thereof.
# Owen Chidozie Nwokolo

Owen Chiedozie Nwokolo is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria: he is the current Bishop on the Niger, one of nine within the Anglican Province of the Niger, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria.