OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nadifloxacin

Nadifloxacin (INN, brand names Acuatim, Nadiflox, Nadoxin, Nadixa, Activon) is a topical fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of acne vulgaris. It is also used to treat bacterial skin infections.

## Pharmacology
### Antibacterial spectrum

In vitro studies of nadifloxacin showed potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Nadifloxacinshowed potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was similar to potency against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The drug was also active against new quinolone-resistant MRSA. Nadifloxacin does not show cross-resistance with other new fluoroquinolones.

### Mechanism of action

Nadifloxacin inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase that is involved in bacterial DNA synthesis and replication, thus inhibiting the bacterial multiplication. Nadifloxacin in addition to determine a therapeutic antibacterial action, can have a sebostatic and anti-inflammatory action, thus contributing to the improvement of the clinical condition of the patient.

### Pharmacokinetics

Following a single topical application of 10 g nadifloxacin 1% cream to normal human back skin, the highest plasma concentration was determined to be 107 ng/mL with an elimination half-life of 19.4 hours. Approximately 0.09% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine over 48 hours post- dosing. The plasma concentration reached a steady state on Day 5 of repeated administration study when nadifloxacin 1% cream was applied at 5 g twice daily to normal healthy individuals for a period of 7 days. The plasma concentration reached a peak of 4.1 ng/ml at 8 hours post-final dosing with an elimination half-life of 23.2 hours. The urinary excretion rate reached 0.16% on Day 7.

## Clinical use

In some European countries, the drug has been approved for the treatment of acne vulgaris. In a 2013 multicenter, randomized clinical study with a total of 184 Japanese patients with moderate to severe acne, adapalene 0.1% gel plus nadifloxacin 1% cream (combination therapy) showed a significant efficacy in decrement of inflammatory papulopustular lesions. In patients with skin lesions, topical application of nadifloxacin can result in plasma concentrations of 1 to 3 ng/ml. Consequently, some authors argued that it should not be used to treat relatively harmless diseases like acne vulgaris, risking the development of quinolone resistances.

## Adverse effects

During the treatment some patients may develop some adverse effects predominantly of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: burning and itching (in absolute the most common side effect), contact dermatitis, dryness and skin irritation.
# Ghost of Love (Fiction Factory song)

"Ghost of Love" is the debut single by new wave band Fiction Factory which was released in 1983 and appeared on the band's 1984 debut album, Throw the Warped Wheel Out. The song was re-released as a single again in 1984 following the success of "(Feels Like) Heaven". It was the last charting single in the UK for the band, peaking at No. 64 in the UK Singles Chart. It was more successful in Germany spending 11 weeks on the singles chart, peaking at No. 49. It was written by lead singer Kevin Patterson and produced by Peter Wilson.

## Critical reception

In a review of the single's 1984 re-issue, Dave Rimmer of Smash Hits considered the song "distinctly dull". He wrote, "As with '(Feels Like) Heaven', what life it contains is in the chorus, but even that just sounds like ABC circa "Look of Love". Maureen Rice of Number One commented, "As soon as the first few bars are over, you know you've heard this somewhere before. I thought "Heaven" was a great pop single - but not so great that I'd buy it again speeded up a bit with a different title." Frank Edmonds of the Bury Free Press gave the song an 8 out of 10 rating and described it as a "very pleasing, melodic and attractive song, which should secure a second hit for the band".

## Formats
### 7" single

* "Ghost of Love" – 3:36
* "The Other Side of Grey" – 4:14

### 12" single

* "Ghost of Love (extended mix)" – 5:16
* "The Other Side of Grey" – 4:14
* "Old Game Blue Flame" – 2:55

## Charts

| Chart (1984) | Peak position |
| German Singles Chart | 49 |
| UK Singles Chart | 64 |
# Left atrial enlargement

Left atrial enlargement (LAE) or left atrial dilation refers to enlargement of the left atrium (LA) of the heart, and is a form of cardiomegaly.

## Signs and symptoms

Left atrial enlargement can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the underlying condition. Although other factors may contribute, left atrium size has been found to be a predictor of mortality due to both cardiovascular issues as well as all-cause mortality. Research suggests that left atrium size as measured by an echo-cardiograph may be linked to cardiovascular disease. However, studies that have found LAE to be a predictor for mortality recognize the need for more standardized left atrium measurements than those found in an echo-cardiogram.

## Causes

In the general population, obesity appears to be the most important risk factor for LAE. LAE has been found to be correlated to body size, independent of obesity, meaning that LAE is more common in people with a naturally large body size. Also, a study found that LAE can occur as a consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF), although another study found that AF by itself does not cause LAE. The latter study also showed that the persistent type of AF was associated with LAE, but the number of years that a subject had AF was not.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be a cause of LAE in some cases. When an OSA event occurs, an attempt is made to breathe with an obstructed airway and the pressure inside the chest is suddenly lowered. The negative intrathoracic pressure may cause the left atrium to expand and stretch its walls during each OSA event. Over time, the repetitive stretching of the left atrium may result in a persistent left atrial enlargement.

## Diagnosis

LAE is suggested by an electrocardiogram (ECG) that has a pronounced notch in the P wave. However, if atrial fibrillation is present, a P wave would not be present. In any case, LAE can be diagnosed and measured using an echocardiogram (ECHO) by measuring the left atrial volume (LAVI).
Characterizing the size of the left atrium according to its volume is preferred over a single linear dimension since enlargement can be different for different directions. For example, because of the smaller distance in the thoracic cavity between the sternum and spine, compared to the other directions, less room exists for enlargement of the left atrium along the anteroposterior axis. By approximating the shape of the left atrium as an ellipsoid, its volume can be calculated from measurements of its dimensions along three perpendicular directions.
Indexing the left atrial volume to body surface area (volume/BSA) is recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Echocardiography. The values for volume/BSA in the following table are the best validated, and are the same for both men and women.
# Nidotherapy

Nidotherapy, after nidus (Latin: nest), is an experimental form of psychotherapy, described as "a collaborative treatment involving the systematic assessment and modification of the environment to minimize the impact of any form of mental disorder on the individual or on society".

## Etymology

The word nidotherapy is derived from the Latin nidus, or "nest".

## History

It was introduced for patients with severe mental illness, mainly schizophrenia, and personality disorders$^2$ who had failed to respond to conventional treatments and were usually antagonistic to services. The aim of nidotherapy is not to change the person but to create a better fit between the environment (in all its forms) and the patient. As a consequence the patient may improve but this is not a direct result of treatment but because a more harmonious relationship has been created with the environment.$^3$ An essential part of nidotherapy is a full environmental analysis carried out from the patient's standpoint and with their full cooperation (provided they have the capacity) so that any changes recommended and implemented (the nidopathway) are understood and preferably owned by the patient instead of being imposed. Although nidotherapy has been classed as a psychotherapy, it differs in not trying to alter the patient, only the environment.

## Medical and therapeutic use

Nidotherapy has been used mainly in the treatment of severe mental illness in assertive community treatment and community mental health services.$^{4-6}$
There is no good evidence that any form of nidotherapy is effective, and no high-strength evidence exists to show that any type of treatment is effective for schizophrenia or mania.
# Tarsodactylus

Tarsodactylus is an ichnogenus of either a dinosaur or crocodylomorph.
# Uncinais

Uncinais is a genus of annelids belonging to the family Naididae.
The species of this genus are found in Eurasia and Northern America.
Species:
* Uncinais golyschkinae Akinschina, 1984
* Uncinais minor Sokolskaja, 1962
* Uncinais uncinata (Ørsted, 1842)
# Agalaboda

Agalaboda is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Siraj Williams

Siraj Williams born March 5, 1984, in Willingboro New Jersey is a Liberian athlete who specializes in sprinting. He holds the country's 400 meter record. He represented Liberia at the 2008 Summer Olympics, in the 400 meter dash. He was in the Men's 400 meter dash, and did not advance past the heats stage. He also attended Louisiana State University where he became a four time all-American
# Tarn Taran Assembly constituency

Tarn Taran Assembly constituency is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India. It is located in the Tarn Taran district. Kashmir Singh Sohal from Aam Aadmi Party is the MLA from Tarn Taran, elected in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1997 | Prem Singh Lalpur | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 2002 | Harmeet Singh Sandhu | Shiromani Akali Dal |
| 2017 | Dharambir Agnihotri | Indian National Congress |
| 2022 | Kashmir Singh Sohal | Aam Aadmi Party |

## Election results
### 2022

Punjab Assembly election, 2022: Tarn Taran :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | AAP | Kashmir Singh Sohal | 52,935 | 40.45 | 23.15 |
| | SAD | Harmeet Singh Sandhu | 39,347 | 30.06 | 4.04 |
| | INC | Dharambir Agnihotri | 26,535 | 20.28 | 24.82 |
| | SAD(A) | Amritpal Singh Mehron | 6,363 | 4.86 | 4.06 |
| | Independent | Dr. Sukhmandeep Singh Dhillon | 1,315 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| | BJP | Navrat Singh Shafipura | 1,176 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 13588 | 10.39 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | | |
| | AAP gain from INC | AAP gain from INC | Swing | | |

### 2017

Punjab Assembly election, 2017: Tarn Taran :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | INC | Dharambir Agnihotri | 59,794 | 45.10 |
| | SAD | Harmeet Singh Sandhu | 45,165 | 34.10 |
| | AAP | Kartar Singh Pehalwan | 22,950 | 17.30 |
| | CPI(M) | Sukhdev Singh | 1,115 | 0.80 |
| | SAD(A) | Gurjinder Singh | 992 | 0.80 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 183,580 | |
| | INC gain from SAD | INC gain from SAD | Swing | |
# Taleah Williams

Taleah Williams (born February 21, 1997) is an American Paralympic athlete specializing in long jump.

## Early life and education

Williams was born to Calvin and Priscilla Williams. She has five sisters, Amaya, LaShicka, LaShunda, LaTasha and Shernika, and two brothers, Calvin and Derrick. She was born without her lower left arm.
She attended Norfolk Senior High School in Norfolk, Nebraska, where she participates in track and field all four years. During the 2014–15 season, in her senior year, won the long jump event in both the conference and district meets, and finished in second place at the state class A championship. She also played basketball for three years, and helped lead the Panthers to a class A runner up finish at the state championship during her senior year. In 2023, she had her track jersey retired by the Norfolk Panthers.
On April 15, 2015, she signed her national letter of intent to participate in track in field at the University of Nebraska Omaha. She then transferred to Doane University.

## Career

Williams made her international debut for the United States at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, and finished in fifth place in the long jump T47 event. She then competed at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships in London, and won a gold medal in the long jump T47 event.
In August 2019, she competed at the 2019 Parapan American Games in Lima, and won a silver medal in the long jump T47 event. In November 2019, she competed at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai, and finished in sixth place in the long jump T47 event.
She represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, and finished in fourth place in the long jump T47 event with a jump of 5.39 meters.
In July 2023, she competed at the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships in Paris, and won a bronze medal in the long jump T47 event with a personal best jump of 5.65 meters.
In July 2024, during the U.S. Paralympic team trials, she qualified to represent the United States at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Personal life

In addition to her Paralympic athletic career, Williams has a full-time job working at an eye doctor's office.
# Parpen Crags

Parpen Crags (60°35′S 45°49′W﻿ / ﻿60.583°S 45.817°W﻿ / -60.583; -45.817) is a precipitous, isolated rock face, near the head of Norway Bight on the south side of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) following survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1948–50. Parpen is a term used in masonry to denote a stone extending through the thickness of a wall.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Parpen Crags". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This South Orkney Islands location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Stipe (botany)

In botany, a stipe is a stalk that supports some other structure. The precise meaning is different depending on which taxonomic group is being described.
* The long stipe of a Helicteres flower.
* remains as each flower forms a fruit.
In the case of ferns, the stipe is only the petiole from the rootstock to the beginning of the leaf tissue, or lamina. The continuation of the structure within the lamina is then termed a rachis.
In flowering plants, the term is often used in reference to a stalk that sometimes supports a flower's ovary. In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak).
A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants. It may be the stem-like part of the thallus of a mushroom or a seaweed, and is particularly common among brown algae such as kelp. The stipe of a kelp often contains a central region of cells that, like the phloem of vascular plants, serves to transport nutrients within the alga.
# Aleksey Bannikov

Aleksey Bannikov (born 26 September 1973) is a Kazakhstani freestyle skier. He competed at the 1992, 1994, 1998, and the 2002 Winter Olympics.
# Spot On (TV programme)

Spot On is a New Zealand children's television programme that aired from 1974 to 1988. The format was a weekly programme with three or four presenters, based on the format of the British programme Blue Peter where they would introduce their young audience to experiences they might not be familiar with: going out in the field and participating in jobs, events, or sports, to learn what is involved. Examples included fire-fighting, flying in rescue helicopters, visiting a chocolate factory, rock climbing and abseiling, or travelling to other countries. Studio-bound sketches and interviews filled out the half-hour show.
The original opening titles were animated by Dunedin artist and cartoonist John Noakes and the logo for the series was a cartoon furry dog (with the title hand-drawn in a bubble typeface inside a large black spot on the dog's left side). This stylised image was used in variations of the Spot On opening titles from 1974 through to 1982. From 1983 onwards the dog mascot was no longer used and instead the logo typeface was changed to a Blippo Black font with an archery target incorporated as the 'O' in 'Spot'.
Over the years the show also encouraged its young viewers to submit entries for various Spot On competitions that covered a wide range of creative topics, such as poster art, photography, scriptwriting, and textile design. Spot On's annual filmmaking contests also attracted entries from emerging talents like Peter Jackson, Paul Middleditch, and Robert Sarkies.
Commonly one presenter was replaced each year. The programme was produced by TVNZ at their Dunedin studios, except for the final two seasons which were produced at the TVNZ Studio 4 facility in Christchurch.

## Presenters

* Ray Millard 1974-1976
* Erin Dunleavy (Roozendaal) 1974-1977
* Douglas Blair 1974-1976
* Evelyn Skinner 1974-1975
* Ian Taylor 1976-1979
* Danny Watson 1977-1983
* Margaret Rishworth (Campbell) 1977-1980
* Marcus Turner 1979-1983
* Helen McGowan 1981-1985 (with an appearance in the first programme for 1986)
* Sandy Beverley 1982-1987 (including a couple of items as a reporter in 1988)
* Peta Carey 1984
* Ole Maiava 1985-1988
* Wendy Nuzum 1986
* Josie McNee 1987 (including a couple of items as a reporter in 1988)
* Phil Keoghan 1988
* Amber Cunliffe 1988

## Producers

* Murray Hutchinson
* Michael Stedman
* Huntly Eliott
* Judith Thomas
* Ian Garner

## Publications

The Spot On Book was published in 1987 by TVNZ Publishing, edited by Frances Weston.
# Tarsocera imitator

Tarsocera imitator, the deceptive widow, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in South Africa, in Namaqualand from Steinkopf in the Northern Cape south to the Lambert's Bay area in the Western Cape.
The wingspan is 42–52 mm for males and 50–57 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to October. There is one generation per year
# Unciella

Unciella is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

* Unciella flagrantis (Smith, 1893)
* Unciella primula (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918)
* This Noctuidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Agalahatti

Agalahatti is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Sakleshpur taluk of Hassan district in Karnataka.
# Constituency WR-15

Constituency WR-15 is a reserved seat for women in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly.

## 2013

* Ruqia Hina
# Giacomo Oddi

Giacomo Oddi (11 November 1679 - 2 May 1770) was an Italian archbishop and cardinal.

## Biography

He was born to a local aristocratic family in Perugia and was ordained a priest on 30 May 1723. He was appointed titular archbishop of Laodicea in Phrygia, and was consecrated a bishop on 24 June 1732. On 9 September 1743 he was made a cardinal by pope Benedict XIV, who gave him the titulus of San Girolamo dei Croati on 5 April 1745. He later took part in the 1758 conclave.
On 22 September 1749 he was made archbishop ad personam of Viterbo and Tuscany, an office he held until his death. On 12 January 1756 he was given the titulus of Sant'Anastasia, which he exchanged on 22 November 1758 for that of Santa Maria in Trastevere and on 12 February 1759 for that of Santa Prassede. He finally settled on the titulus of San Lorenzo in Lucina on 21 March 1761 and served as protopresbyterian cardinal from 1763 until his death in Viterbo in 1770. He was buried in Viterbo Cathedral.
# Patriarchate of Alexandria (disambiguation)

The Patriarchate of Alexandria is the office and jurisdiction of the bishop of Alexandria in Egypt, referred to since 531 as Patriarch of Alexandria. It originated from Mark the Evangelist and developed until the Council of Chalcedon in 451 when it split into parallel Chalcedonian and Miaphysite traditions, which then competed for the position for several decades before permanently parting ways in 536:
* List of patriarchs of Alexandria until 536
* Coptic Orthodox Church, or the Non-Chalcedonian Monophysite Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria
** Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church
** List of Coptic Orthodox popes
* Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria of the Chalcedonian Eastern Orthodox Church
** List of Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Alexandria
* Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria of the Coptic Catholic Church
* Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church
Patriarchate, Patriarch, Diocese, Archdiocese, Bishop or Archbishop of Alexandria may also refer to the following in relation to Alexandria in Egypt:
* Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria, titular see of the Catholic Church from the 13th century to 1964
* Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria, est. 1920 as the Diocese of Egypt and the Sudan of the Anglican Communion
and in relation to other places named Alexandria:
* Diocese of Alexandria and Teleorman of the Romanian Orthodox Church
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria–Cornwall, Canada
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Alexandria in Louisiana, United States
# Tahya Tounes

Tahya Tounes (Arabic: تحيا تونس , French: Vive la Tunisie) is a secular party in Tunisia. Youssef Chahed was elected its president on 2 June 2019.
# Freebooter

Freebooter may refer to:
* Marine freebooters, or pirates
* Filibuster (military), an individual who engages in unauthorized warfare against foreign countries
* Rapparee, the Irish usage
* Meadowbrook Freebooters, American polo team
* Freebooter (comics), a fictional character
* Freebooters F.C., a former Irish football team
* A form of copyright infringement
# Separating column

Separating column may refer to:
* A fractionating column
* A column containing ion-exchange resin
# Ulrika Heie

Ulrika Carlsson (born 17 April 1965) is a Swedish Centre Party politician. She has been a member of the Riksdag since 2006 and is elected from the constituency of Västra Götaland County East.
Ulrika is the Swedish Centre Partys spokesperson at educational affairs and is a former teacher herself. Between 2006 and 2010 she was a member of the parliamentary committee on education, and substitute in the committee of foreign affairs. Today she's sitting in the education committee as well as being substitute in both the foreign affairs committee and the Executive Board of Parliament. She's also a member of the War Delegation.
Ulrika is also the deputy house leader for the party, in the Riksdag.
In the Riksdag debates, she's called Ulrika Carlsson från Skövde (Ulrika Carlsson from Skövde) because of the other parliamentarian Ulrika Karlsson, from the Moderate Party, who shares the same name.
# Agalagandi

Agalagandi is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Koppa taluk of Chikkamagaluru district in Karnataka.
# Constituency WR-11

Constituency WR-11 is a reserved seat for women in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly.

## 2013

* Romana Jalil