OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A448 road

The A448 is a main road in England running between Studley in Warwickshire and Kidderminster in Worcestershire.

## Route

The A448 starts at a fork junction on the A435 just to the South of Studley, heading North West into the new town of Redditch, entering Worcestershire immediately before a roundabout where it meets the A441. For the next 0.8 miles (1.3 km) it is concurrent with the A441, before diverging at England's only Cloverleaf interchange. From this point the A448 heads West on a dual carriageway bypassing the villages of Tardebigge and Finstall. The dual carriageway ends on a roundabout with the A38 Bromsgrove Bypass. It continues through the congested town centre and out of the other side, passing under the M5. It is now a twisty single carriageway road passing through several villages before entering Kidderminster. It crosses the A449 at traffic lights, and descends past Kidderminster station and Severn Valley Railway to meet the Ring Road.

## Former routes

* Through Redditch the A448 used to follow now unclassified roads on the South Side of the new town, changes coming during the 1970s when new dual carriageways (or Highways) were built to deal with the rising volume of traffic following the town's growth.
* Between Redditch and Bromsgrove the villages of Tardebigge and Finstall have been bypassed
* The A448 used to be concurrent with the A38 along Bromsgrove High Street

## Places of interest

* Severn Valley Railway
* Tardebigge Locks
* Lickey Incline
# Kawabe Station

Kawabe Station is the name of two train stations in Japan.
* Kawabe Station (Aomori) - (川部駅) in Minami Tsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture
* Kawabe Station (Akita) - (川辺駅) in Yurihonjō, Akita Prefecture
# The Book of Illusions

The Book of Illusions is a novel by American writer Paul Auster, published in 2002. It was nominated for the International Dublin Literary Award in 2004.

## Plot introduction

Set in the late 1980s, the story is written from the perspective of David Zimmer, a university professor who, after losing his wife and children in a plane crash, falls into a routine of depression and isolation. After seeing one of the silent comedies of Hector Mann, an actor missing since the 1920s, he decides to occupy himself by watching all of Mann's films and writing a book about them. The publishing of the book, however, triggers another series of events that draw Zimmer even deeper into the actor's past.
The middle of the story is largely dedicated to telling the life story of Hector Mann, involving his self-imposed exile from his past life and career, which serves as a form of penance for his role in the death of a woman who loved him. In his last days, Mann's wife sends a letter to Zimmer, requesting him to come to their New Mexico home to bear witness to Mann's final legacy of films. The events that ensue form the overarching story of Zimmer's rehabilitation from his reclusive state, and his coming to terms with the manner in which his family was killed.

## Links to other works

The book makes many direct references to the autobiography of François-René de Chateaubriand, Mémoires d'outre-tombe; one of Zimmer's ongoing projects is producing a new translation of the book.
David Zimmer appears in Auster's earlier novel Moon Palace.
The Book of Illusions revisits a number of plot elements seen in Auster's first major work, The New York Trilogy. These include:
* The protagonist driving himself into isolation
* Extended focus on a character's (fictional) body of work
* Writers as characters
* A character disappearing, only to resurface years later, having spent some of the intervening years wandering and doing odd jobs
* Parallels drawn between a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne and the plot itself
* Notebooks (also in Oracle Night)
* A meta-referential ending that places the protagonist as the author of the book itself
In addition, the book also bears the stylistic distinction of not using quotation marks; Auster has previously used this in Ghosts, the second book of The New York Trilogy and Travels in the Scriptorium. He also does this in his later book, Invisible.

## The Silent World of Hector Mann

The Silent World of Hector Mann is an album by Duke Special inspired by the character Hector Mann with each song themselves based on a film each written by a different songwriter.

## Reception

James Wood, a critic of Auster's work, nevertheless named it as 'probably his best novel.' He praised Auster's 'painstaking and vivid fictional re-creation of the career of a silent-movie actor of the nineteen twenties.' However, he says the novel 'soon hurtles into absurdity.'
# Pîrjolteni

Pîrjolteni is a village in Călărași District, Moldova.
# Gaian

Gaian may refer to:

## Nonfiction

* An adherent of Gaianism
* A person who adopts technogaianism, a slant on Gaianism that embraces a symbiosis between the emergence of modern technology and ancient terrestrial evolutionary biology
* A follower of Gaia philosophy
* A shortened form of the Roman name Gaianus

## Fiction

* Gaian (demonym), a demonym commonly associated in science fiction with humans
* A faction the player can choose to control in the computer game Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri
* A user of the popular forum Gaia Online or the Avatar character used to represent the user
* The House of Gaian, from the Tir Alainn Trilogy by Anne Bishop
# Twindemic

Twindemic and tripledemic (or tridemic) are terms used during the COVID-19 pandemic, referring to the possibility of a severe flu season happening alongside an increase in cases of COVID-19 during the fall and winter of 2020 and 2021, as well as respiratory syncytial virus in the winter of 2022. A consequence of a twindemic may be a mixture of two different infections in the same person at the same time. The term twindemic is a portmanteau of "twin" and "pandemic".

## History

The term was used by an August 2020 article from The New York Times written by Jan Hoffman. In the article, Hoffman credited Dr. L.J. Tan of the Immunization Action Coalition as an "early promoter" of the possibility of a twindemic. After the publication of The Times' article, several media outlets began to report on the possibility of a twindemic. Health experts responded to the threat of a possible twindemic by encouraging more people to get the flu vaccine.
A twindemic did not occur during the flu season in late 2020 due to cases of the seasonal flu being at historic lows in the United States and globally. These low amount of flu cases were attributed to measures put in place to prevent COVID-19 from spreading, including face masks, social distancing, and hand washing.
Health experts renewed concerns of a possible twindemic happening during the fall and winter of 2021 due to loosening restrictions. In April 2022, Apoorva Mandavilli of The New York Times speculated that a twindemic has not occurred because "exposure to one respiratory virus may put the body's immune defenses on high alert, barring other intruders from gaining entry into the airways. This biological phenomenon, called viral interference, may cap the amount of respiratory virus circulating in a region at any given time." In the United States, flu cases, hospitalizations and deaths were up from the previous flu season, but were still lower than the pre-pandemic average.

## "Flurona"

In January 2022, Israel reported, for the first time, a mixture of COVID-19 and influenza infections, colloquially known as "flurona". In Brazil, four cases of the double infection have been identified, including a 16-year-old male from Rio de Janeiro. In Fortaleza of Ceará state, two children, including a one-year-old child tested positive without complications, and also a 52-year-old man who did not need hospitalization. In São Paulo, the Secretariat of Health announced that its state had 110 cases in 2021.
Flurona infections have also been reported in the United States, the Philippines, Hungary and Romania.
# Landgraves of Leuchtenberg

The Landgraves of Leuchtenberg were a Bavarian ruling dynasty of the Middle Ages, originally based in Leuchtenberg and later in Pfreimd. Their area of influence extended far beyond the borders of their home in the Upper Palatinate: the Landgravate was the largest secular non-Wittelsbach realm in Bavaria in their time. The original dynasty was first mentioned in 1146 in connection with a nobleman named Gebhard. Gebhard had three sons: Friedrich I (who died at age 9); Gebhard II whose descendants became the senior, Landgrave line; and Marquad, whose descendants formed the cadet branch. Marquad died in action accompanying his brother on a campaign in Italy. Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa awarded Gebhard's second eldest son, Gebhard II, the title of Count in 1158. The title of Landgrave was awarded to his son Diepold. The last of the Landgrave line was Maximilian Adam, who died in 1646.
# Gary Howe

Gary Howe is a British comedy writer and performer, most noted for working in the sketch show Smack the Pony and the sitcom Green Wing. He has had a working partnership with fellow writer Richard Preddy since 1988.
Renowned zoologist and bargain hunter Mark Cartwright once described Gary as "the funniest thing with two legs."

## Performer

* All Aboard The Cat Bus on Channel 4's Comedy Lab - (1999)
* House Of Rock - (2000–02)
* Green Wing - (2004-2006) Playing a lodger.

## Writer

* ChuckleVision - (1987–Present)
* Birds Of A Feather - (1989–98)
* Smith and Jones - (1989–98)
* Tracey Ullman: A Class Act - (1993)
* Shooting Stars - (1993-2002)
* Harry Enfield And Chums - (1994-97)
* The Fast Show - (1994-2000)
* Ant and Dec Unzipped - (1997)
* Sunnyside Farm - (1997)
* We Know Where You Live - (1997)
* The Morwenna Banks Show - (1998)
* The Zig and Zag Show - (1998)
* All Aboard The Cat Bus on Channel 4's Comedy Lab - (1999)
* Smack the Pony - (1999-2003)
* Shooting Stars - (2001)
* House Of Rock - (2000-02)
* Tv to Go - (2000-02)
* Green Wing - (2004-2006)
* The All Star Comedy Show, later Monkey Trousers - (2004-05)
* Man Stroke Woman - (2005-Present)
* Stupid - (2005–Present)
# Customs Convention on Containers

The Customs Convention on Containers is a United Nations and International Maritime Organization treaty whereby states agree to allow intermodal containers to be temporarily brought into their states duty- and tax-free.
The original Convention was concluded in Geneva on 18 May 1956 and entered into force on 4 August 1959. On 2 December 1972, a new Convention was concluded with the provision that when it entered into force, it would replace the 1956 Convention for the parties that ratify it. The 1972 Convention entered into force on 6 December 1975. The 1956 Convention was ratified by 44 states; as of 2016, the 1972 Convention has been ratified by 40 states. The International Container Bureau was instrumental in the creation of the revised 1972 Convention.
The Convention allows for shipping containers to be brought from a ratifying state into a ratifying state duty- and tax-free for a period of three months.
The Convention was concluded at the same conference that concluded the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles, the Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation for Private Use of Aircraft and Pleasure Boats, and the CMR Convention.
The Convention was somewhat superseded in 1990 by the Istanbul Convention, which combines in one single instrument the various conventions on the temporary admission of specific goods.
# Sora no Kagami

Sora no Kagami (空の鏡, "Mirror of the sky") is the 1997 debut album of singer-actress Takako Matsu. Members of Cagnet collaborated with Matsu to compose and write this album.
A collection of music videos, directed by Shunji Iwai for this album, was released on VHS the same year. In 2003, the collection became available on DVD in Japan for a limited time.
In 2011, according to Oricon, Sora no Kagami was still ranked as Matsu's highest best-selling album.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Daisuke Hinata, except where otherwise noted, albeit arranged by Daisuke Hinata

## Chart positions

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Japan Oricon Albums Chart | 4 |
# Animal Cops

Animal Cops is an American reality television franchise that was originally produced in the United States for Animal Planet. Animal Planet has also presented a special edition of Animal Cops with 2009 episodes such as "Back from the Brink" and "Extreme Danger". Also scenes from Animal Planet's other show "Animal Precinct" have been featured in "Animal Cops" special, "Cats: Born to Survive" (about various cases involving cats and featured experts talking about the natural traits that help cats to survive). This is due to "Animal Cops" being based on the "Animal Precinct" concept.

## Series

The series included the following:
* Animal Cops: Detroit (2002–2008)
* Animal Cops: Houston (2003–2012, 2014–2015)
* Animal Cops: Philadelphia (2009–2010)
* Animal Cops: San Francisco (2005)
* Animal Cops: South Africa (2008)
* Animal Cops: Phoenix (2006–2009), (2016–2018); formerly titled as Animal Planet Heroes: Phoenix
* Animal Cops: Miami (2010–2011)
# The Bounty Trilogy

The Bounty Trilogy is a book comprising three novels by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. It relates events prior to, during and subsequent to the Mutiny on the Bounty.
The three novels, previously published separately, are:—
* Mutiny on the Bounty, first published 1932.
* Men Against the Sea, first published 1933.
* Pitcairn's Island, first published 1934.
The Bounty Trilogy was first published in 1936 by Little, Brown and Company, with a new preface by the authors and included vignette decorations by Henry Pitz. This edition used the plates from the original novels and had 903 pages.
In 1940 a new edition was published by Little, Brown and Company, with illustrations by N C Wyeth. This edition used new plates and because of the use of a smaller font, and smaller margins, and other space saving techniques, the pages in this edition were reduced from 903 pages to 691 pages. Nordhoff and Hall added a paragraph to their preface.
In 1953 a School Edition was prepared by Florence Doerr Jones and published by the Globe Book Company of New York. This version of The Bounty Trilogy is an abridgment and does not preserve the dimensions of the original publication. In addition to abridging the trilogy, the number of characters was reduced, and the vocabulary was simplified wherever possible.
# Arrhinactia

Arrhinactia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Arrhinactia chaetosa (Townsend, 1927)
* Arrhinactia cylindrica Townsend, 1927
# Constitution of Mauritius (1885)

The British colony of Mauritius received a new constitution by letters patent on 16 September 1885. It established a Council of Government of 27 members: eight ex officio members, nine appointed by the governor (at least three of which could not be officials), and ten elected (one per district, but two from Port Louis). The franchise was restricted to men, and there were property and education qualifications designed to exclude the vast majority of Indians.
Prior to 1885, the Mauritian council comprised the governor and eight other officials ex officio and eight councilors nominated by the governor. The initiative in changing the constitution lay with Laurent Loïs Raoul, who organized a town hall meeting of the French planter class in Port Louis on 30 June 1882. A committee was set up two weeks later, and on 4 October it presented a petition to secure the addition of elected members to the governing council. On 31 October 1882, Lieutenant-Governor F. N. Broome forwarded the petition to the colonial secretary, the Earl of Kimberley. Broome advised Kimberley against the proposal, saying: "It must shut out the Indian and the descendant of the old slave population, and so place the power in the hands of an oligarchy of the upper classes ... or it must place power in the hands of the ignorant mass of people not fitted to exercise it."
The governor at the time, John Pope Hennessy, was an Irish home ruler who advocated a "Mauritius for the Mauritians", emphasising the rights of the Indians and the Creoles. The result was a relatively liberal constitution for a colony. Kimberley's successor, the Earl of Derby, insisted on allowing Indians to take the education test in their native languages and on lowering the property qualification. Despite this, in the elections of 1886 there were only 4,061 registered voters, including only 295 of Asian origin, out of a population of 359,419 (per the 1881 census). A prospective voter had to meet one of six property qualifications:
* Ownership of immovable property of annual value Rs300
* Ownership of movable property of Rs3,000
* Payment of a monthly rent of at least Rs25
* Drawing a monthly salary of at least Rs50
* Paying an annual licence duty of at least Rs200
* Being husband of a wife or eldest son of a widow who meets one of qualifications #1–3
In 1889, Pope Hennessy in a letter to the colonial office, remarked that "no one in this Country doubts that the former Constitution was a better one than the present Government by an oligarchy of 4,201 voters." The 1885 constitution replaced the constitution of 1831 remained in force until 1948, when the constitution of 1947 came into effect. The 1885 constitution was amended on 11 September 1913 and again on 18 April 1933. The latter amendment increased the proportion of appointed councilors who had to be non-officials from one third to two thirds (from three to six).
# Swimming at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 1500 metre freestyle

The Women's 1500 metre freestyle competition at the 2017 World Championships was held on 24 and 25 July 2017.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.
| World record | Katie Ledecky (USA) | 15:25.48 | Kazan, Russia | 4 August 2015 |
| Competition record | Katie Ledecky (USA) | 15:25.48 | Kazan, Russia | 4 August 2015 |

## Results
### Heats

The heats were held on 24 July at 10:48.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 15:47.54 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 5 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 16:05.37 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 6 | Hou Yawen | China | 16:05.87 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 5 | Simona Quadarella | Italy | 16:07.08 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 4 | Boglárka Kapás | Hungary | 16:09.60 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 6 | Kristel Köbrich | Chile | 16:17.28 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 1 | Julia Hassler | Liechtenstein | 16:19.16 | Q, NR |
| 8 | 2 | 3 | Ajna Késely | Hungary | 16:20.98 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 2 | Jimena Pérez | Spain | 16:21.45 | |
| 10 | 3 | 7 | Tamila Holub | Portugal | 16:24.05 | |
| 11 | 3 | 8 | Emma Robinson | New Zealand | 16:25.78 | |
| 12 | 2 | 7 | Celine Rieder | Germany | 16:25.99 | |
| 13 | 2 | 1 | Gaja Natlačen | Slovenia | 16:32.45 | |
| 14 | 2 | 8 | Olivia Anderson | Canada | 16:34.50 | |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | Tjaša Oder | Slovenia | 16:34.86 | |
| 16 | 2 | 2 | Chen Yejie | China | 16:53.74 | |
| 17 | 2 | 0 | María Bramont-Arias | Peru | 17:01.85 | |
| 18 | 3 | 0 | Martina Elhenická | Czech Republic | 17:04.63 | |
| 19 | 1 | 3 | Alicia Mancilla | Guatemala | 17:15.04 | |
| 20 | 1 | 5 | Ho Nam Wai | Hong Kong | 17:17.64 | |
| 21 | 1 | 4 | Samantha Randle | South Africa | 17:22.42 | |
| 22 | 3 | 9 | Souad Cherouati | Algeria | 17:25.00 | |

### Final

The final was held on 25 July at 17:40.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 15:31.82 | |
| | 5 | Mireia Belmonte | Spain | 15:50.89 | NR |
| | 6 | Simona Quadarella | Italy | 15:53.86 | |
| 4 | 2 | Boglárka Kapás | Hungary | 16:06.27 | |
| 5 | 3 | Hou Yawen | China | 16:08.10 | |
| 6 | 7 | Kristel Köbrich | Chile | 16:13.46 | |
| 7 | 1 | Julia Hassler | Liechtenstein | 16:14.86 | NR |
| 8 | 8 | Ajna Késely | Hungary | 16:22.87 | |
# 88th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment

The 88th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: 88. lovačko-bombarderski avijacijski puk / 88. ловачко-бомбардерски авијацијски пук) was a Yugoslavian aviation regiment established in 1947 as 43rd Bomber Aviation Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: 43. vazduhoplovni bombarderski puk / 43. ваздухопловни бомбардерски пук).

## History
### 43rd Bomber Aviation Regiment

The 43rd Bomber Aviation Regimen was formed on 3 November 1947 at Sombor with former Bulgarian Air Force Soviet made Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers. It was part of 4th Aviation Bomber Division.
By 1948 this regiment was renamed like all other units of Yugoslav Army, so it became the 88th Bomber Aviation Regiment.
The commander of regiment was Drago Krivokapić and commissar was Živko Ranisavljević.

### 88th Regiment

The 88th Bomber Aviation Regiment was based at Sombor airfield until 1949, when it was dislocated to Velika Gorica/Pleso airport. By year 1959 it has moved to Batajnica Air Base. It was armed with Soviet Pe-2 bombers until 1952 when they were replaced with British made Mosquito Mk 6. Mosquitos were replaced with domestic Ikarus S-49C fighters by year 1957.
By the 1961 and application of the "Drvar" reorganization for the Air Force, new type designation system is used to identify squadrons, so the two squadrons of 103rd Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment have become 235th and 236th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron.
It was disbanded by the 1964 year at Batajnica. Its 236th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron was also disbanded, while the 235th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron has been independent in the 1st Air Corps and later attached to 98th Aviation Brigade.
The commanders of regiment were Mića Marijanović, Spasen Zarevski, Miljenko Lipovščak, Ante Sardelić, Nikola Žutić, Tomaš Samardžić, Stojan Mutić, Borivoje Petkov and Stevan Leka.

## Assignments

* 4th Aviation Bomber Division (1947-1948)
* 32nd Aviation Division (1948-1959)
* 1st Air Command (1959–1964)

## Previous designations

* 43rd Bomber Aviation Regiment (1947-1948)
* 88th Bomber Aviation Regiment (1948-1957)
* 88th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1957-1960)
* 88th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (1960-1964)

## Organization
### 1961-1964

* 88th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
** 235th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
** 236th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron

## Bases stationed

* Sombor (1947-1949)
* Velika Gorica/Pleso (1949-1959)
* Batajnica (1959-1964)

## Commanding officers

* Name
* Drago Krivokapić
* Nikola Đurđević
* Dušan Grubor
* Marijan Vilman
* Ljubo Frankl
* Ismet Kulenović

## Equipment

* Petlyakov Pe-2 (1947–1952)
* de Havilland Mosquito Mk 6 (1952–1957)
* Ikarus S-49C (1957-1959)
* F-84G Thunderjet (1959-1964)
# Charles Marsham, 4th Earl of Romney

Charles Marsham, 4th Earl of Romney (7 March 1841 – 21 August 1905), styled Viscount Marsham from 1845 to 1874, was a British Conservative politician.

## Early life

Romney was the son of Charles Marsham, 3rd Earl of Romney and his wife Lady Margaret Harriet Montagu-Scott, daughter of Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch.
His ancestors came from the parish of Marsham, Norfolk, in the 12th century.

## Career

He succeeded his father in the earldom in 1874.
He served as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip in the House of Lords) from 1889 to 1892 in the Conservative administration of Lord Salisbury.

## Personal life

On 30 July 1863, Romney married Lady Frances Augusta Constance Muir Rawdon-Hastings (1844–1910), a daughter of George Rawdon-Hastings, 2nd Marquess of Hastings and Barbara Yelverton, 20th Baroness Grey of Ruthyn. Together, they had five children:
* Charles Marsham, 5th Earl of Romney (1864–1933), father of Charles Marsham, 6th Earl of Romney.
* Lt Col the Hon Reginald Hastings Marsham, OBE (1865–1922), father of Michael Marsham, 7th Earl of Romney
* Lady Florence Mary Constance Marsham (born 9 February 1868, died 4 October 1954), who married Sir George Ralph Leigh Hare, 3rd Bt and had issue including Sir Ralph Leigh Hare, 4th Bt.
* Lt the Hon Douglas Henry Marsham (1871–1899), who was killed in action at the Siege of Mafeking; he died unmarried. There is a memorial tablet in St Nicholas' Church, Gayton, Norfolk.
* Hon Sydney Edward Marsham (1879–1952), husband of Joan Marsham and grandfather of Julian Marsham, 8th Earl of Romney
Lord Romney died in August 1905, aged 64, and was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son Charles. Lady Romney died on 1 September 1910, aged 66.