OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cyrus Sullivan Clark

Cyrus Sullivan Clark (December 8, 1809–July 28, 1880), together with George Benson Hall Jr. and the British American Land Company, were the largest participants in the lumber industry in the Eastern Townships of Quebec in the 19th century.

## Biography
### Personal life

Born in Minot, Maine, he attended Waterville College and graduated in 1828, becoming a grocer in Portland, Maine. He later went into the lumber industry, involved in both manufacturing and dealing, and lived in Bangor, Maine for several years. He moved to Portland in 1854, and lived there until his death.

### Business career

When the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad was opened between Montreal and Portland in 1853, entrepreneurs from Montreal, Quebec City, New York City and Maine began to compete for berths around Lake Aylmer in order to replace Maine's declining lumber supplies. By 1856, Clark had become the largest licence holder in the region, controlling 410 square miles (1,062 km$^2$) of the total of 825 square miles (2,137 km$^2$) of timber limits available. He also owned 145,500 arpents (about122,947.5 acres (192 sq mi; 498 km$^2$)) of land adjoining Lake Temiscouata and the Madawaska River, 19 licences on the Saint-Maurice River, and a town lot in Sherbrooke.
Because of extra duties that were imposed on the export of unfinished logs in 1851, Clark built a sawmill at Brompton Falls in 1854 that, at 23,310 square feet (2,166 m$^2$), was the largest in North America.
Because of cash flow problems in 1855, Clark, together with his partners W.H. McCrillis and Thomas Howe, transferred all their Canadian properties and licences to City Bank and the Bank of Montreal in trust. When the Panic of 1857 resulted in an oversupply in the US timber market, the banks auctioned off their debt, which John Henry Pope bought for $30,000. Clark would later buy back the properties and licences from Pope in 1869, and Pope remained as the chief spokesman for the company afterwards.
In 1872, the British American Land Company sold 99,833 acres (156 sq mi; 404 km$^2$) to Clark, who purchased a further 7,901 acres (12 sq mi; 32 km$^2$) from the company in the following year. These holdings were approximately half the size of the Crown timber limits that he already possessed. During the Long Depression of the 1870s, Clark would lose these lands as a consequence of a default on the mortgage on his properties, but would be able to repurchase 42,745 acres (67 sq mi; 173 km$^2$) from the Eastern Townships Bank by 1879–80. He would formally enter into partnership with Pope to form the Brompton Mills Lumber Company.
# Francesco I Acciaioli

Francis or Francesco I Acciaioli was the son of Nerio II Acciaioli by his second wife Chiara Zorzi. He succeeded on his father's death in 1451 to the Duchy of Athens under his mother's regency.
His mother married the Venetian Bartolomeo Contarini (1453). However, Mehmet II, the Ottoman sultan, intervened at the insistence of the people on the behalf of the young duke Francis and summoned Bartolomeo and Chiara to his court at Adrianople. Another Acciaioli, Francesco II, was sent to Athens as a Turkish client duke. Evidently, the citizenry had mistrusted the two lovers influence over the young duke, for whose safety they may have feared. The young Francesco I remained at the court of the Ottoman sultan.
# Fultz

Fultz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aaron Fultz, baseball player
* Brent Fultz, American material scientist
* Dave Fultz, baseball player and college football coach
* Dave Fultz (meteorologist), American experimental meteorologist 1921-2002
* Frank Fultz, former strength and conditioning coach
* Jack Fultz, long-distance runner
* Markelle Fultz (born 1998), American basketball player
# Borneo loach

The Borneo loach (Pangio shelfordii) is a Southeast Asian species of cobitid fish. It is a river fish found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo
# Gymnoscelis spodias

Gymnoscelis spodias is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1922. It is found in Australia (Queensland).
# Jean-Claude Étienne

Jean-Claude Étienne (French pronunciation:; 6 August 1941, Vouziers (Ardennes) – 11 March 2017) was a French politician, and a member of the Senate of France. He represented the Marne department and is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.

## Biography

Professor of medicine by profession, he was elected Senator of the Marne on 23 September 2001 after being member of the second district of the Marne.
On 27 October 2010, he was appointed member of the group of electable individuals to the French Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CESE). He was replaced in the French Senate by Mireille Oudit, from 3 November 2010.

## Local mandates

* 1986 - 1998 : Regional Councillor Champagne-Ardenne
* 1995 - in 2001 : Councillor of Reims
* 1996 - 1998 : Senior Vice President of Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne
* 1998 - 2004 : Chairman of the Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne
* 2004 - 2010 : Regional Council of Champagne-Ardenne

## Parliamentary seats

* 2 April 1993 - 30 September 2001 : Representative (RPR) of the second district of the Marne
* 1 October 2001 - 2 November 2010 : Senator (RPR and UMP) of the Marne

## Other functions

* Senior Vice President of the Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology
* Member of the High Council for Biotechnology
* Member of the group of electable individuals to the CESE
# Freidbergia mirabilis

Freidbergia mirabilis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Freidbergia of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania.
# Kışlacık, Kemaliye

Kışlacık is a village in the Kemaliye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population is 55 (2022).
# Acharya Ramlochan Saran

Acharya Ramlochan Saran (11 February 1889, Muzaffarpur–14 May 1971, Darbhanga) was a Hindi littérateur, grammarian and publisher. He founded Pustak Bhandar, a publishing enterprise, in Laheriasarai in 1915 and moved his publishing office to Patna in 1929. He also founded a number of magazines: Balak Magazine (1926–1986), Himalaya (1946–1948) and Honhar (Hindi and Urdu) (1939).

## Educational work

His Hindi primer Manohar Balapothi attempted to teach the Devanagari alphabet to beginners. He also published Some Eminent Behar Contemporaries by Sachchidananda Sinha, books by Mahatma Gandhi, and other Gandhian literature in both Hindi and English. He published Tolstoy and Gandhi by Dr. Kalidas Nag in English and produced a Maithili language version of the books of Tulsidas. Having edited and published Sidhant Bhasya, a four-volume commentary on Tulsidas's medieval retelling of the Ramayana, the Ramacharitamanasa, he was first to start printing Maithili books in Maithili script (Mithilakshar).
Through his publishing efforts he encouraged many other Hindi and Maithili littérateurs like Ramavriksha Benipuri, Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar', Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, and Pt. Harimohan Jha. He guided Upendra Maharthi the artist to develop his talents through work under him for over a decade.

## Golden jubilee

The golden jubilee celebration was the occasion of Ramlochan's fifty years of successful publishing and literary and cultural contribution, a service to humankind. The celebration brought an appreciation from Mahatma Gandhi, the greatest Indian leader. He sent a message: "Brother Ram Lochan. I appreciate your work. Keep on with such service. Blessing of Bapu."

## Achievement

Laheriasarai became a hub of publishing because of Ram Lochan Ji. His company was employing five hundred locals. They were trained by him in editing, production and marketing operations for the best planned effort in South Asia including "Balak" magazine and innumerable valuable creative projects. He was a catalyst to channel the energy released by the nationalist creative talents for freedom in the country, through transformation into literature, informative inspiring books for the masses: 100 essential books for rural libraries: the Almanac, inspiring books on Indian civilization, efforts of think tank for renaissance in India, were mass-produced. Ramlochan was regularly playing host to saints, artists, poets, philosophers, social workers, educationalists, policy planners, and bureaucrats of the region. The Raja and the princes of Darbhanga Raj publicly honoured his contribution in the city and the development of the intelligentsia's creative artists, writer poets, and spirituals.

## Death

Ramlochan died in Darbhanga on 14 May 1971. On his death the President of India V. V. Giri mentioned that Acharyaji's service to children's literature will always be remembered as it will always inspire the coming generations. The noted English-language daily Indian Nation wrote in its editorial, "Had Ramlochan Saran not been born in Bihar the progress of Hindi Literature would have been delayed by a decade or two."
# State Times

State Times is an Indian English language daily newspaper from the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir. The publication is owned and operated by State Times Group, J&K. The newspaper is widely read in the northern states of India and has also included Delhi edition in its repertoire. It claims on its website that in 2007 it was decorated with J&K Government's Best Media Award.

## Editions
### Broadsheet Edition

Jammu & Kashmir and Delhi

### Online edition

State Times also publishes an online edition catering to the needs of people spending most of their time on digital media providing real time news updates via e-paper.

## Sections

* General News
* Editorial
* District News
* Business News
* National News
* News from J&K
* International News
* Sports News
# 203rd Battalion (Winnipeg Rifles), CEF

The 203rd (Winnipeg Rifles) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city. After sailing to England in October 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 18th Reserve Battalion on January 12, 1917. The 203rd (Winnipeg Rifles) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. Jeffrey E. Hansford.
This battalion is perpetuated by the Royal Winnipeg Rifles.
# Augusta of Treviso

Saint Augusta of Treviso, also known as Augusta of Ceneda, Augusta of Tarvisium, or Augusta of Serravalle, is venerated as a virgin martyr.

## Background

Her Acts were written in the 16th century by Minuccio Minucci di Serravalle, who was secretary to Pope Clement VIII and Protonotary apostolic. According to her legendary Acts, Augusta was the daughter of Matrucus, pagan chief of the Alemanni. Matrucus had conquered the Friulians, who had been Christianized, and ruled over them.
Augusta converted to Christianity secretly. Her father had sent spies to watch over her, and one day, when he discovered her praying, he imprisoned her, and then knocked out all of her teeth. Her enraged father then tortured and decapitated her with his sword at Serravalle, a district of the present-day Vittorio Veneto, around 100 AD. Some sources state that her death took place in the 5th century.

## Veneration

De' Minucci's Acts were included in a volume entitled De probatis sanctorum historiis, a hagiographic study by the 16th century German scholar Laurentius Surius (Lorenz Sauer, Laurence Suhr, Lorenzo Surio), and were published at Cologne. Her name is listed in Ferrarius’ Catalogue of Saints, but not in the Roman Martyrology. 1 August was the day in which the translation of her relics was celebrated, and 22 August the invention (discovery) of her relics, but the main feast day is 27 March.
Augusta's relics are said to have been found a few years after her death on the hill called Santa Augusta after her, which overlooks Serravalle. A church dedicated to her was built in the 5th century.

## Gallery

* The hill where Augusta's relics are said to have been found.
# Swainsona paucifoliolata

Swainsona paucifoliolata is a prostrate, spreading or scrambling perennial herb in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland areas in the north of Western Australia. It has 3 to 7 usually narrowly lance-shaped leaflets, and racemes of 3 to 16 purple flowers.

## Description

Swainsona paucifoliolata is a prostrate, spreading or scrambling perennial herb that typically grows to a height of about 15 cm (5.9 in) with up to 3 prostrate or ascending stems from the top of the taproot. Its leaves are mostly 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long with about 3 to 7 usually narrowly lance-shaped leaflets, the side leaflets 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with stipules 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) long at the base of the petioles. The flowers are arranged in racemes up to 50–150 mm (2.0–5.9 in) long with up to 3 to about 16 flowers on a peduncle 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) wide, each flower about 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long on a hairy pedicel 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long. The sepals are joined at the base, forming a tube about 2 mm (0.079 in) long, the sepal lobes longer than the tube. The petals are purple, the standard petal about 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and wide, the wings 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long, and the keel 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) deep. Flowering occurs from April to August or September and the fruit is oblong, about 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) and about 4 mm (0.16 in) wide.

## Taxonomy

Swainsona paucifoliolata was first formally described in 1993 by Joy Thompson in the journal Telopea from a specimen collected near Meekatharra in 1957. The specific epithet (paucifoliolata) means "few leaflets".

## Distribution and habitat

This species of swainsona grows in creeklines, claypans and soakage areas in the Little Sandy Desert, Murchison, Pilbara and Yalgoo bioregions of northern Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Swainsona paucifoliolata is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Nakphulha

Nakphulha is a village in Sataon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 8 km from Raebareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, its population is 2,517, in 467 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities.
The 1961 census recorded Nakphulha as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 848 people (449 male and 399 female), in 192 households and 181 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 941 acres and it had a post office at that point.
The 1981 census recorded Nakphulha (as "Nakfulha") as having a population of 1,001 people, in 270 households, and having an area of 378.80 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.
# Computer Decisions

Computer Decisions was a computer industry monthly magazine published in the 1970s and 1980s.
In 1989 InformationWeek noted the loss to the industry of this and another competitor, Infosystems.
Collectors have described the magazine as being hardware-oriented and management-oriented; one issue ran over 10 pages on "Is there a shortage of computer programmers" in 1980. JSTOR listed them in a bibliography regarding computer ethics.
The magazine's name is included in lists of "published in" such as Columbia University's Graduate Alumni Magazine.
# Acharya Rameshwar Jha

Acharya Rameshwar Jha (20th century) was an Indian traditional Sanskrit scholar and considered an authority on Nyaya, Vyakarana and Vedanta. He later became an exponent of non dualistic shaivisim and is often credited with establishing and propagating Kashmir Shaivism in Varanasi.

## Life

His spiritual experiences and deep understanding of ancient texts were spontaneously expressed in numerous Sanskrit verses. These were published as book Purnta Pratyabhijna and SamvitSwatantram, as articles in Shiva Tatva Vimarsha and Tantra Agam Vishank of Sanmarg and are preserved in personal diaries and correspondences.
# Shatania

Shatania is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# State Highway 6 (Tamil Nadu)

Tamil Nadu State Highway 6 (SH-6) connects Kallakurichi with Thiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu state, India. Its total length is 68 kilometres (42 mi).
SH-6 Kallakurichi- Sankarapuram -Thiruvannamalai
* This Indian road or road transport-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Stuart Hibberd

Andrew Stuart Hibberd MBE (5 September 1893 – 1 November 1983) was a British radio personality for 40 years. He is perhaps best known for his announcements of the death of King George V in 1936, and of Adolf Hitler in 1945.

## Early life

Hibberd was the son of W.H. Hibberd, and was born in the town of Broadstone, in Wimborne, Dorset, in South West England, on 5 September 1893.

## Education

Hibberd was educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Wimborne Minster, followed by Weymouth College, an independent school for boys in the seaside town of Weymouth in Dorset in South West England. He then won a Choral Scholarship to St John's College at the University of Cambridge.

## Life and career

Hibberd volunteered at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, becoming an Army officer. He served with the Dorset Regiment at Gallipoli (in Turkey), and then in India, reaching the rank of captain.
Hibberd married Alice Mary Chichester in July 1923, and joined the BBC the following year, winning an MBE for his broadcasting in 1935. He was the chief announcer on BBC Radio until his retirement from the post in 1951, but continued to present BBC radio programmes until 1964.
Hibberd had a unique, immediately recognisable, voice. It could be described like someone whispering aloud. His voice was ideal for grave and solemn occasions and he is best remembered for his announcement of King George V's impending death on 20 January 1936 with the words: "The King's life is moving peacefully towards its close".
From 1949, Hibberd presented The Silver Lining, a Thursday afternoon programme aimed at disabled and housebound people. Hibberd retired as chief announcer in 1951, but continued to present The Silver Lining until it ended its run in 1964.
Hibberd was the subject of This Is Your Life in May 1957 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the King's Theatre, Hammersmith, London. He died on 1 November 1983, at the age of 90, and his funeral was held three days later, at St Peter's Church in Budleigh Salterton in Devon.
# Antoinette Arnold Hawley

Antoinette Arnold Hawley (née, Arnold; after first marriage, Elgan; after second marriage, Hawley; 1842–1919) was an American educator and temperance activist. She served as President of the Colorado Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (1899–1904). Nominated for Mayor of Denver, Colorado on the Prohibition ticket in 1900, Hawley was the first woman to run for Mayor in that city.

## Early life and education

Antoinette A. Arnold was born in Rochester, New York, January 23, 1842.
She was educated in private schools and at Tracy Female Institute, Rochester, graduating from the latter in 1864.

## Career

In 1865, she removed to Michigan where she spent some years in teaching. Later, she taught in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and on her removal to that city, she became active in the work of the WCTU. Hawley took part in the Women's Crusade of 1873–74.
Following her removal to Iowa, she renewed her interest in the local WCTU, and four years later she was elected president of the Tenth District. Successive removals carried her to Kansas City, Missouri, and Denver, Colorado. In the former place, she was elected president of the Twelfth Missouri District of the WCTU, and, after becoming established in Denver, her interest in the work in several positions, her outstanding ability, and her unflagging zeal led to her election as State president of the Colorado WCTU in 1899. She continued to occupy this position for successive years until failing health compelled her retirement. She was then made honorary president. For about five years, she also served as editor of The Messenger, the official organ of the Colorado WCTU.
Hawley was an able speaker, and a writer of some spirited verse. One of the best known of her lyrics is “The Crusade Glory Song". She was a Charter Member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She was also a member of Woman's Press Club, Woman's Public Service League, Denver Woman's Club, Equal Suffrage Association, and the Plymouth Congregational Church.

## Personal life

On April 21, 1874, in Sangamon County, Illinois, she married James A. Elgan. They had two children: Sylvia Sarah (1875–1880) and Paul Brewster (1879–1880). After Mr. Elgan ran off to Hawaii in 1880, Mrs. Elgan filed for divorce, which was granted in the following year.
On October 24, 1883, in Romeo, Michigan, she married Judge Theodore Hawley (1827–1911), of Fort Dodge, Iowa.
Hawley toured the world at the age of 71. She died at a sanitarium in Boulder, Colorado, August 12, 1919. Burial was at Fort Dodge.
# Pleodorina starrii

Pleodorina starrii is a species of algae that resides in freshwater in Japan. The name starri is in honor of phycologist Richard C. Starr.
Since 2006 it has provided molecular genetic evidence for an evolutionary link between sexes and mating types. It was later confirmed to be the first reportedly trioecious haploid species.

## Reproduction

It is trioecious meaning males, females, and hermaphrodites exist in the species.
Reproduction is asexual under normal conditions and creates colonies of clones with the same genotype. Sexual reproduction is induced by low-nitrogen conditions and is anisogamous.

## Studies on the species

The species was involved in a 2006 study that provided the first molecular genetic evidence for the evolutionary link between sexes and mating types.$^{:215–216,222}$ A male-specific gene was founded in the species and named "OTOKOGI", meaning manliness or chivalry in Japanese.$^{:221}$
The species was previously believed to be heterothallic with males and females, but a 2021 study revealed it also contained hermaphrodites. This study was the first time the sexual system trioecy has been reported in haploid species and it challenged models for the evolution of sexual systems. Although trioecy is viewed as being an evolutionarily unstable transitional state between dioecy and monoecy, a 2023 study revealed this probably not the case in this species. Instead, in this species, trioecy could have evolved due to the reorganization of certain genes.