OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghost Town Trail (Saskatchewan)

Ghost Town Trail is a stretch of highway located in Southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The trail coincides with Saskatchewan Highway 13 (Hwy 13) between Govenlock and Wauchope. Along this highway are 32 "ghost towns". The nearest large communities are Swift Current and Maple Creek, Saskatchewan both located on the Trans Canada Highway which runs parallel and to the north of Hwy 13.

## List of ghost towns

List of abandoned communities along Saskatchewan Highway 13 :
| Community | Rural municipality | Peak population | Peak decade | Dissolved |
| Altawan | Reno No. 51 | | | |
| Govenlock | Reno No. 51 | 200 | 1920s | 1976 |
| Senate | Reno No. 51 | 63 | 1940s | 1994 |
| Vidora | Reno No. 51 | | | |
| Olga | White Valley No. 49 | | | |
| Ravenscrag | White Valley No. 49 | 200 | 1920s | |
| Neighbour | White Valley No. 49 | | | |
| South Fork | Arlington No. 79 | | | |
| Instow | Bone Creek No. 108 | | | |
| Scotsguard | Bone Creek No. 108 | 350 | 1920s | 1953 |
| Crichton | Wise Creek No. 77 | | | |
| Gouverneur | Auvergne No. 76 | 60 | 1920s | |
| Meyronne | Pinto Creek No. 75 | | | |
| Melaval | Wood River No. 74 | | | |
| Valor | Stonehenge No. 73 | | | |
| Ardwick | Stonehenge No. 73 | | | |
| Willows | Lake of the Rivers No. 72 | | | |
| Readlyn | Lake of the Rivers No. 72 | | | |
| Verwood | Excel No. 71 | | | |
| Horizon | Bengough No. 40 | 200 | 1910s | |
| Glasnevin | Key West No. 70 | | | |
| Wallace | Norton No. 69 | | | |
| Amulet | Norton No. 69 | | | |
| Khedive | Norton No. 69 | | | |
| Forward | Norton No. 69 | 1,250 | 1910s | 1947 |
| Axford | Brokenshell No. 68 | | | |
| Trossachs | Brokenshell No. 68 | | | |
| Tatagwa | Weyburn No. 67 | | | |
| Hume | Griffin No. 66 | | | |
| Griffin | Griffin No. 66 | | | |
| Froude | Griffin No. 66 | | | |
| Forget | Tecumseh No. 65 | | | |
| Armilla | Brock No. 64 | | | |
| Freemantle | Moose Mountain No. 63 | | | |
| Steppes | Moose Mountain No. 63 | | | |
| Wauchope | Antler No. 61 | | | |
# Guards Army

Guards army may refer to:
* The Russian Guards (the Tsarist Russian Gvardiya and similar elite military units of modern Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union.)
* A common translation for the Wuwei Corps (武衛軍) of the late Qing dynasty in China
# Dionex

Dionex Corporation is an American company based in Sunnyvale, California. It develops, manufactures, sells, and services analytical chromatography systems for separating, isolating, and identifying the components of chemical mixtures. Such equipment is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, medical research, environmental monitoring, and food testing.
In December 2010 Thermo Fisher Scientific announced its acquisition of Dionex for $2.1 billion.

## Products
### Software

Dionex developed the Chromeleon brand of chromatography software. The primary function of Chromeleon is to control and obtain data from analytical instruments, such as GC, LC, IEX and MS. Chromeleon is fully Title 21 CFR Part 11 compliant. Chromeleon 7.3 is the latest edition of the software.

### Hardware

The technology made by Dionex includes the Rapid Separation LC (RSLC) and polymeric HPLC columns, a type of monolithic HPLC column. Unlike the inorganic silica columns, the polymer monoliths are made of an organic polymer base. Dionex, traditionally known for its ion chromatography capabilities, has led this side of the field. Dionex first acquired a license for the polymeric monolith technology in the 1990s. Dionex also acquired ESA Biosciences' HPLC assets in 2009, expanding its expertise in this area.
# The Republic (Daumier)

The Republic, known in French as La République, is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Honoré Daumier, created in 1848. It is a sketch made for a contest that would decide an official painting destined to represent the French Second Republic. It is held at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

## History and description

The French Second Republic was proclaimed on 24 February 1848, to replace the deposed king Louis Philippe. The new regime started a competition on 14 March 1848 for a sketch that would define the official image of the republic. Daumier, who was a republican and a firm supporter of the new regime, was one of the 700 artists who entered the competition, including Jean-Léon Gérôme and Hippolyte Flandrin, with their final sketches shown at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, from 5 to 8 April 1848.
The painting by Daumier, who was best known as a caricaturist, attracted much attention for its composition, which seemed inspired by the Italian painter Andrea del Sarto's work Charity. It represents a half-naked woman, representing the republic, seated, with long brown hair, wearing the Phrygian cap and proudly holding the French tricolour flag with her right hand. The big and muscular woman is breastfeeding two also muscular toddlers, while a third child is seated at her feet, concentrating on her reading. The official website of the Musée d'Orsay states that "this "big woman" summed up an ideal, that of a strong republic, nourishing and educating her children. A "fertile, serene and glorious" republic claiming its descent from the first great republic which had abolished slavery; the republic whose flag had circled the world."
Daumier had positive critics and was placed in 11th place in the contest. However, he did not take part in the final selection, since he never made the expected painting.
# Genesis Healthcare Corp. v. Symczyk

Genesis HealthCare Corp. v. Symczyk, 569 U.S. 66 (2013), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court dealing with the justiciability doctrine of mootness.

## Background

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) provides that all employees have the right to full pay for forty hours of work in any given week. Laura Symczyk, a nurse working for Genesis HealthCare, alleged that her employer would regularly dock thirty minutes of pay per shift for its employees as meal time, regardless of whether the employee actually took a meal break. Under the FLSA, an aggrieved employee can sue not only on her own behalf, but on behalf of all co-workers who have similarly been injured. This is called a "collective action," which is roughly (but not completely) similar to a class action.
Symczyk filed a collective action suit under the FLSA, and her employer thereafter offered her $7,500 in unpaid wages plus attorneys fees and other costs and expenses, which would have fully satisfied her individual claim. After she failed to respond to the offer, Genesis moved to dismiss the suit, arguing that through her failure to accept satisfaction, in full, of her claim for relief, she no longer had any interest in the litigation. Symczyk argued that her employer was simply attempting a "pick off" - by satisfying her claim, Genesis could avoid facing the collective action suit on behalf of the other employees. The district court found that because no other employees had joined the collective action and because Symczyk had been offered full relief, her claim was moot. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit agreed that Symczyk's personal claim was moot, but authorized her to proceed with the collective action.

## Decision

In a 5–4 decision, the Supreme Court held that the entire action must be dismissed based on an assumption of mootness. The majority did not actually settle the mootness issue, claiming that the issue was not properly before the Court because Symczyk failed to file her own appeal on the point and had waived the issue in the proceedings below. The majority held that a collective action suit cannot survive once the individual claim is satisfied without other workers coming forward to take part. Because Symczyk failed to contest that the offer from Genesis mooted the claim, and because no other workers had joined the collective action, the entire action was moot.
The dissent emphasized that this case is largely meaningless in the grand scheme of things because this situation would likely never recur in another case. The dissent attacked the majority's assumption that the offer of satisfaction mooted the claim, and the dissenters further argued that when such an offer is simply unaccepted (as was the case here) the case can continue to move forward.
# Nicolás Vega

Nicolás Vega was an Argentine soldier who fought as a General on the Unitarian side in the Argentine Civil Wars. He is known for his defeat at the Battle of Niquivil, although later he was Governor of San Juan Province.

## Origins

Nicolás Vega was a Spanish navy lieutenant from Esmeralda, Chile who joined the Unitarians. He married into the powerful Furque family and settled in San Juan. According to Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, who was one of Vega's aides-de-camp at Niquivil, he unfortunately lacked leadership qualities, which showed in his soft face.

## San Juan

In April 1829 General Facundo Quiroga arranged for José María de Echegaray to become acting governor of San Juan to raise troops to fight General José María Paz. Echegaray sent Quiroga a division commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Manuel Quiroga.
While not far from San Juan, on the night of 2/3 June 1829 some of his men revolted and headed for the town.
The Unitarian rebels occupied San Juan the next day, and Echegaray and others fled to Mendoza Province.
Juan Aguilar was elected governor and Lieutenant Colonel Nicolás Vega was made General and head of the San Juan division. Colonel José Félix Aldao and his brother Lt. Col. Francisco Aldao moved towards San Juan from Mendoza with all available forces on 14 June 1829. General Vega, who had decided to retire with the Unitarian division to Jáchal, was forced to give battle in Niquivil. He was defeated and Echegaray was restored to San Juan.
In 1830, Nicolás Vega was back in power as Governor of San Juan. The Federalist General José Benito Villafañe signed an armistice with the Unitarian general José María Paz on 5 March 1830. While some of Villafañe's troops accepted the pact, others under Nazario Benavídez split away and marched to San Juan, where Benavídez joined an unsuccessful revolt against Vega. Benavídez was taken prisoner on 18 May 1830, but escaped on 3 November 1830 along with other Federalist leaders during an uprising in the city and fled to Chile.

## Later years

Later, General Vega moved back to Chile where he operated the La Colorada mine at Copiapó, and was able to help Sarmiento with a job as foreman during his period of exile.
At the end of December 1868, General Nicolas Vega asked to be included among the "Guerreros de la Independencia".
# Bhatakul

Bhatakul is a village in Bhatar, Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision, Purba Bardhaman district, in the state of West Bengal, India. The village is located 25.61 kilometres (15.91 mi) northeast of Bardhaman. Bhatakul is administrated by an elected sarpanch (village head) who represents the people of the village, as directed by the Constitution of India and the Panchyati Raaj Act.

## History

The 2011 Census of India identifies Bhatakul's village location code (VLC) or village code (VC) as 319838. The village is located in the Bharat Tehsil of Burdwan district in West Bengal, India, and is situated 13.3 km away from sub-district headquarters Bhatar. Barddhaman is the district headquarters of Bhatakul village. Per 2009 statistics, Bologna is the gram panchayat of Bhatakul village.

## Transportation

Bhatakul is located around 27.9 kilometres (17.3 mi) from Purba Bardhaman. The journey to Bhatakul from the town of Purba Bardhaman can be made by bus or by rail via the nearest railway station, Bhatar.

## Population

Bhatakul had a population of 5,607 people and 1,265 families. In Bhatakul, Schedule Castes (SC) represent 21.56% of the total population, and Scheduled Tribes (ST) represent 0.50% of the population.

## Population and house data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total no. of houses | 1,265 | - | - |
| Population | 5,607 | 2,863 | 2,744 |
| Children (0–6) | 621 | 304 | 317 |
| Schedule Caste | 1,209 | 645 | 564 |
| Schedule Tribe | 28 | 9 | 19 |

## Healthcare

There are currently no hospitals in Bhatakul.

## Schools

There are two schools in Bhatakul: Bhatakul Pubbapara F.P. School (established in 1972) and Bhatakul Swarnamoyee High School (established in 1914).
# Associação Desportiva Atlética do Paraná

Associação Desportiva Atlética do Paraná, usually known as ADAP (or Adap) was a Brazilian football club, from Campo Mourão, Paraná state.

## History

On June 5, 1999, the club was founded by the Adilson and Avanilton Batista Prado brothers. The club was originally from Jacarezinho.
In January, 2002, ADAP moved to Campo Mourão city, after the initiative of the city's mayor, Tauilio Tezelli. In that year, the club was Campeonato Paranaense Série A-2 (Campeonato Paranaense Third Division) runner-up. ADAP was defeated by Dois Vizinhos in the final.
In 2003, due to Ponta Grossa's bad financial condition, their berth in the Campeonato Paranaense was sold to ADAP. ADAP disputed the competition representing Ponta Grossa, and finished in the 13th position in the competition. ADAP was christened Adap-Ponta Grossa in the competition. The club has also finished in the 3rd position in the Série A-2 (the Second Division).
In 2004, again ADAP replaced Ponta Grossa in the Campeonato Paranaense, and the club was eliminated in the second stage. However, ADAP was not representing Ponta Grossa at this time.
In 2005, ADAP was again eliminated in the Campeonato Paranaense second stage, which was the quarterfinals. The club was eliminated by Iraty in a penalty shootout.
In 2006, the club finished as Campeonato Paranaense runner-up. The club was defeated by Paraná in the final.
In November, 2006, the club and Galo Maringá Futebol Clube fused. The new club was named Adap Galo Maringá Futebol Clube.

## Honours

* Campeonato Paranaense
** Runner-up (1): 2006
* Campeonato Paranaense Série Bronze
** Runners-up (1): 2002

## Stadium

The club's home matches are usually played at Roberto Brzezinski stadium, which has a maximum capacity of 3,000 people.

## Idols

* Souza

## Colors

The club's colors are blue and red.
# Cold Norton

Cold Norton is a village on the Dengie Peninsula in Essex, England. It is located in rural countryside 10 miles to the east of Chelmsford, and lies just over a mile to the north of the River Crouch, which can be seen from the village's main hill. Nearby villages include Purleigh and North Fambridge. Administratively, Cold Norton forms part of the Purleigh ward in the district of Maldon.
There are 412 dwellings, some industrial and commercial enterprises and the Three Rivers Golf and Country Club.
There are two golf courses at Three Rivers Golf and Country Club, The 18 hole 6449 yard par 72 Kings Course and the smaller 18 hole par 64 Jubilee Course.
Cold Norton Primary School is in St Stephens Road.
The local parish church, St Stephen's, was the location of the first Church of England marriage ceremony to be conducted by a woman priest.
The Stow Maries Aerodrome is situated within Cold Norton. It is a grade II listed World War I aerodrome built to defend London from zeppelin attack. 24 buildings remain standing, which have been sympathetically restored.
The Norton Public House was reopened in August 2009 being run on a voluntary basis by local residents with the cooperation of the owners of the freehold. It was featured in the television series Save our Boozer shown on UKTV Blighty.
The village hall has secured £348,500 from the Big Lottery Fund. The money comes from the lottery fund's community buildings programme.
# Ordnance Corps

Ordnance Corps may refer to:
* Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps, the Corps within the Australian Army concerned with explosives and salvage of battle-damaged equipment
* Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps, an administrative corps of the Canadian Army
* Army Ordnance Corps (India), Indian Army formation providing material and logistical support to the Indian Army during war and peace
* Ordnance Corps (Ireland), combat support corps of the Irish Army
* Ordnance Corps (Israel), a combat-support corps in the IDF GOC Army Headquarters
* Pakistan Army Ordnance Corps, a material and logistic support crops of the Pakistan Army
* Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (New Zealand), a former corps of the New Zealand Army
* Sri Lanka Army Ordnance Corps, a combat support corps of the Sri Lanka Army
* Swedish Army Ordnance Corps, a former administrative corps of the Swedish Army
* Royal Army Ordnance Corps (United Kingdom), a former corps of the British Army
* United States Army Ordnance Corps, a Sustainment branch of the United States Army, headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia
# Leucadendron verticillatum

Leucadendron verticillatum, the Klapmuts conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape where it occurs on the Cape Flats at Hercules Pillar, Muldersvlei and Fisantekraal.
The shrub grows 2 m tall and flowers from September to October. The plant dies in a fire but the seeds survive. The seeds are stored in a toll on the female plant and fall to the ground after a fire. The plant is unisexual and there are separate plants with male and female flowers, which are pollinated by insects. The plant grows mainly on level areas, in dry sand over clay soil at altitudes of 130–150 m.
In Afrikaans it is known as Klapmuts-tolbos.
# Gudala, Allavaram Mandal

Gudala is a village in Allavaram Mandal, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Konaseema district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Gudala had a population of 3144, out of which 1594 were male and 1550 were female. The population of children below 6 years of age was 10%. The literacy rate of the village was 76%.
# Dionel M. Aviles

Dionel Michael Aviles (born January 23, 1961) was the United States Under Secretary of the Navy from October 8, 2004, to May 19, 2009, part of which he served as the acting United States Secretary of the Navy.

## Biography

A native of Bryan, Texas, Dionel M. Aviles graduated from the United States Naval Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering in 1983. He subsequently spent 1983 through 1988 as a surface warfare officer in the United States Navy. He retired from the navy in 1988, though he remained an officer of the United States Navy Reserve.
After leaving the navy, Aviles initially worked as a production support engineer, working on the Standard Missile and Phalanx CIWS programs. He then joined the Naval Air Systems Command, where he worked on developing the BGM-109 Tomahawk as part of the Naval Air Systems Command's Cruise Missile Project.
From 1991 to 1995, Aviles worked in the National Security Division of the Office of Management and Budget within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. He began as the budget examiner of the navy's procurement and R&D budgets. He ended as the division director responsible for the defense accounts used during the President of the United States' proposed United States federal budget. During this period, he earned an MBA from the George Washington University in 1993.
In 1995, Aviles became a professional staff member on the staff of the United States House Committee on Armed Services. There, his work focused on defense budgeting and finance issues. He also did work related to Navy shipbuilding and procurement.
In 2001, President George W. Bush nominated Aviles as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management), and Aviles served in this capacity from July 2001 until October 2004.
President Bush subsequently nominated Aviles as Under Secretary of the Navy and Aviles was sworn in as Under Secretary on October 8, 2004. He resigned in May 2009 and was replaced by Robert O. Work.
# Planing mill

A planing mill is a facility that takes cut and seasoned boards from a sawmill and turns them into finished dimensional lumber. Machines used in the mill include the planer and matcher, the molding machines, and varieties of saws. In the planing mill planer operators use machines that smooth and cut the wood for many different uses.
# Sín Chải

Sín Chải is a commune (xã) and village of the Tủa Chùa District of Điện Biên Province, northwestern Vietnam.
22°05′56″N 103°20′14″E﻿ / ﻿22.0989°N 103.3372°E﻿ / 22.0989; 103.3372
* This article about a location in Điện Biên province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Bhutia Horse

The Bhutia Horse is a breed of small mountain horse from Sikkim and the district of Darjeeling in northern India. It has some similarity to Mongolian and Tibetan breeds.$^{:201}$ The usual coat colours are bay and grey.
# Associação Desportiva Brusque

Associação Desportiva Brusque is a women's volleyball team, based in Brusque, Santa Catarina (state), Brazil. The team was sponsored by Brazil Telecom.

## 2007/2008 Team

| Name | Height | Position |
| Camila Adao | 172 | Setter |
| Fabiola Sousa | 184 | Setter |
| Juzinha | 180 | Wing-Spiker |
| Veronica | 183 | Wing-Spiker |
| Joyce | 182 | Wing-Spiker |
| Ju Costa | 184 | Wing-Spiker |
| Thais | 172 | Wing-Spiker |
| Renata | 187 | Middle-Blocker |
| Juciely | 184 | Middle-Blocker |
| Daniela | 187 | Middle-Blocker |
| Natalia | 184 | Middle-Blocker |
| Elisângela Oliveira | 184 | Opposite |
| Marcela | 171 | Libero |
# The Conspiracy (Torchwood)

"The Conspiracy" is the first play in the main series of Torchwood audio plays produced by Big Finish Productions. It was written by David Llewellyn and is a spin-off from the British science fiction television series Torchwood, itself a spin-off from Doctor Who.
It was released 15 September 2015 and stars John Barrowman reprising his role of Captain Jack Harkness and made available to purchase on CD and as a download.

## Plot

George Wilson is a man who claims that the world is really under alien control and those who knew the truth have long since been silenced. Unfortunately for George no-one believes him. Captain Jack Harkness of Torchwood Three, however, knows George is right. The committee are here...

## Writing

In May 2015, Big Finish announced that they had been granted permission to produce audiobooks based on Torchwood as part of a licensing agreement between themselves and BBC Worldwide, allowing them to use characters and concepts from the revived series of Doctor Who (2005–present) and its spin-offs in future productions. The company was formerly only permitted to use concepts from the series' original 1963–89 run and its self-titled 1996 TV film. The new Torchwood plays also received the blessing of Torchwood creator Russell T Davies, who had been working with Gardner and former Big Finish producer Gary Russell to bring the show to the company since 2013.
# Toormang-2

Toormang-2 is a union council of Lower Dir District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lower Dir District has 6 Tehsils and 37 union councils.
# Leucadius of Bayeux

Lefkada (Leucadius) was a bishop of Bayeux from the first half of the 6th century.
He is the first bishop of Bayeux whose presence is attested. In 538 he attended the Third Council of Orléans. He sent the priest Theodorus as a representative to the Fourth Council of Orléans in 541 and again to the Fifth Council of Orléans of October 549.
# Pieter de Bloot

Pieter de Bloot (1601 – c. 6 November 1658) was a Dutch painter.
De Bloot, who was born and died in Rotterdam, primarily painted landscapes and genre works, especially of countryside views and peasant subjects. He also periodically painted religious subjects. Between 1624 and 1630 de Bloot was married three times, since his first two wives died only a few months after their weddings. De Bloot died in 1658.
# Dilli Raj Pant

Dilli Raj Pant is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Nepali Congress currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he won the election from Kailali 5 (constituency).
# Planinica (Dimitrovgrad)

Planinica is a hamlet in the municipality of Dimitrovgrad, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 8 people.