OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château du Freudeneck

The Château du Freudeneck is a ruined medieval castle situated in the commune of Wangenbourg-Engenthal in the Bas-Rhin département in Alsace, France.

## History

The castle was built towards the end of the 13th century, with other construction periods in the 14th and 15th centuries. Its construction is attributed to members of the Dicka family. Damaged by fire in 1408 and rebuilt, it was finally ruined at the end of the 15th century after several attacks.

## Description

Built on a rocky outcrop, this small castle is not very homogeneous in its construction. It was built with sandstone infilled with hardcore. Surrounded by a ditch, it is composed of an enceinte and a keep on the curtain wall. The latter, of circular plan, stands on a square buttressed base. The external dressed stones present a rustic embossing without edging, while the stones inside the enclosure are smooth.
A programme of restoration work by volunteers was begun in 2004 with the intention of opening the castle to the public in 2018.
# Hoplochelys

Hoplochelys is an extinct genus of kinosternoid.
# Sobótka, Skarżysko County

Sobótka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bliżyn, within Skarżysko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Bliżyn, 17 km (11 mi) west of Skarżysko-Kamienna, and 30 km (19 mi) north of the regional capital Kielce.
# LawMoose

LawMoose, launched in September 2000, is believed to have been the first U.S. regional legal search engine operating its own independent web crawler.
Initially LawMoose provided a searchable index drawn from Minnesota law and government sites. Later, it added a similar capability for Wisconsin law sites and select general legal reference starting point sites.
LawMoose has since evolved into a hybrid bi-level public and subscription legal knowledge environment, featuring a thesaurus-based topical map of legal and governmental web resources (which spans the U.S. and globe and adds non-legal resources in a subscriber edition), a list of the largest one hundred Minnesota law firms, ranked by number of Minnesota lawyers, the Minnesota Legal Periodical Index, listing and topically categorizing more than 39,000 thousand articles published in Minnesota legal publications from 1984 to the present (in the public edition), and a densely interconnected, constantly evolving legal words, phrases, concepts and resources knowledge graph (in a subscriber edition).
LawMoose's legal words, phrases, concepts and resources knowledge graph consists of more than 337,000 legal, governmental, business, insurance, and popular terms, interconnected through more than 1,425,000 semantic relationships. Interconnections are based on a relationships vocabulary of 300 relationship types. This multi-dimensional intellectual network functions as a navigable intellectual model of law and law practice.
This semantic, intellectual network-based approach to organizing legal knowledge, legal diagnostic and problem solving concepts, law practice processes, and conceptually locating legal and law practice resources is a significant departure from traditional hierarchical, case law-specific legal taxonomies, such as the taxonomy utilized by the West American Digest System and from collections of searchable primary law.
The Minnesota Legal Periodical Index has been continuously maintained by the Minnesota State Law Library since 1984. Since 2002, it has appeared on LawMoose through a collaboration with LawMoose publisher, Pritchard Law Webs, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
# Chlorocypha hintzi

Chlorocypha hintzi is a species of jewel damselfly in the family Chlorocyphidae.
# Steeve Falgayrettes

Steeve Falgayrettes is a French Guianan professional football manager.

## Career

In 2011 and 2012 he coached the French Guiana national football team.
# Jeannette Janssen

Jeannette Catharina Maria Janssen is a Dutch and Canadian mathematician whose research concerns graph theory and the theory of complex networks. She is a professor of mathematics at Dalhousie University, the chair of the Dalhousie Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and the chair of the Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

## Education and career

Janssen earned a master's degree at the Eindhoven University of Technology in 1988. She completed her Ph.D. at Lehigh University in 1993. Her dissertation, Even and Odd Latin Squares, concerned Latin squares and was supervised by Edward F. Assmus Jr.
From 1988 to 1990 Janssen was a lecturer at the Universidad de Guanajuato in Mexico. After completing her Ph.D., she became a postdoctoral researcher jointly at the Laboratoire de Combinatoire et d’Informatique Mathématique of Université du Québec à Montréal and at Concordia University. She took a position as a lecturer and research associate at the London School of Economics in 1995, and moved to Acadia University in 1997 before taking her present position at Dalhousie University.
At Dalhousie, she was named department chair in 2016, becoming the first female chair of the mathematics department.

## Service

Janssen directed the Atlantic Association for Research in the Mathematical Sciences from 2011 to 2016, and chairs its board of directors. She was elected as chair of the Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics (SIAG-DM) of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) for the 2021–2022 term.

## Research

In a 1993 paper, Janssen solved the unbalanced case of the Dinitz conjecture, showing that any partial Latin rectangle could be extended to a full rectangle. The problem is equivalent to list edge-coloring of complete bipartite graphs, and her solution was based on earlier work on list coloring by Noga Alon and Michael Tarsi. Janssen's work "surprised even many of the experts", and was considered to be "great progress" on the Dinitz conjecture. The remaining case of the conjecture for squares (balanced complete bipartite graphs) was proven a year later by Fred Galvin.
# Piddington and Wheeler End

Piddington and Wheeler End is a small civil parish within Wycombe District Council, Buckinghamshire, England. Within the parish are the main hamlets of Piddington and Wheeler End. The total voting population of the parish is 630.
The parish council administers the common land in both villages including three popular allotment sites. It is also responsible for the war memorial at Wheeler End. The parish council together with the village hall publish a quarterly newsletter which goes out to the entire parish.
# Muellerella antarctica

Muellerella antarctica is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Verrucariaceae. It was discovered in 2008 on Isla Navarino in Chile where it parasitised Hypogymnia antarctica.
# Glucose cycle

The glucose cycle (also known as the hepatic futile cycle) occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic balance between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream.

## Function

The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions; the homeostasis of glucose in the blood stream. When the blood glucose level is too high, glucose can be stored in the liver as glycogen. When the level is too low, the glycogen can be catabolised and glucose may re-enter the blood stream.
The catabolic process occurs at the nonreducing end of glycogen. A phosphate group breaks the bond between C 1 of a glucose ring and the O that connects it to the next(phosphorolysis). One glucose unit is thus split off. Glycogen (with n glucose units) is converted into G-1-P(a PO$_4$ group now attaches to C1 where O used to ) and glycogen (with n-1 glucose units) by enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. G-1-P is then converted into G-6-P by enzyme phosphoglucomutase. A water molecule hydrolyses G-6-P to glucose, the enzyme is glucose-6-phosphatase.

## Cell specificity

When glucose enters a cell it is rapidly changed to glucose 6-phosphate, by hexokinase or glucokinase. The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6-phosphate back to glucose.
Glucose-6-phosphate is the product of glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis, where the goal is to increase free glucose in the blood due body being in catabolic state. Other cells such as muscle and brain cells do not contain glucose 6-phosphatase. As a result, any glucose 6-phosphate produced in those cells is committed to cellular metabolic pathways, primarily pentose phosphate pathway or glycolysis.

## Regulation of glucose cycle

Flux through the glucose cycle is regulated by several hormones including insulin and glucagon as well as allosteric regulation of both hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase.

## Diseases associated with glucose cycle

A deficiency in glucose 6-phosphatase that disrupts the liver glucose cycle, can lead to von Gierke's disease.
# Church Road

Church Road may refer to:

## In the United Kingdom

* Church Road (football stadium), a football stadium Hayes, England
* Church Road Ground, a cricket ground in Lytham, Lancashire
* Church Road Cricket Ground, a cricket ground in Earley, Berkshire
* Church Road railway station (disambiguation), various stations in England or Wales
* Church Road, Barnes, in the London suburb of Barnes
* Church End, Brent, a locality in London, or the main thoroughfare of the neighbourhood

## In the United States

* Church Road, Virginia, an unincorporated community
# Thomas Thiis-Evensen

Thomas Thiis-Evensen (born 17 May 1946) is a Norwegian architect.
He was born in Porsgrunn to physician Eyvind Thiis-Evensen and Ingeborg Johanna Rosenvold. He graduated from the Oslo School of Architecture and Design in 1972. He was appointed professor at the Lund University from 1989, and at the Oslo School of Architecture and Design from 1992. His books include Byens uttrykksformer from 1992 and Europas arkitekturhistorie: fra idé til form (1995). He received the Fritt Ord Honorary Award in 1990.
# Nathalie, Virginia

Nathalie is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Halifax County, Virginia, United States, in the south-central region of the state. The population as of the 2010 census was 183.

## Geography

Located in northern Halifax County at 36°56′6″N 78°56′50″W﻿ / ﻿36.93500°N 78.94722°W﻿ / 36.93500; -78.94722 (36.9348619, −78.9472347), at an altitude of 524 feet (160 m), it lies along Road 603 15 miles (24 km) north of the town of Halifax, the county seat of Halifax County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km$^2$), of which 0.02 square miles (0.06 km$^2$), or 0.76%, are water. The community is drained by tributaries of Catawba Creek, which flows northeast to the Roanoke River at Clarkton.

## History

It received its name in 1890 or 1891, being named after Natalie Otey (not "Nathalie"), daughter of Mrs. Rebecca Wimbish, an important local landowner. Prior to that time, the village at this location was considered to be a part of the Nathaniel Barksdale plantation. It had included a church since 1773 (the first Catawba Baptist Church) and a post office since 1828. This post office continues to operate today with the ZIP code of 24577.
The former Clarkton Bridge over the Roanoke or "Staunton" River 4 miles (6 km) northeast of town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
# Sommaren i city

"Sommaren i city" is a song written by Bobby Ljunggren, Håkan Almqvist and Eva Lindblad, and recorded by Swedish band Angel. The single was released in 1991 and became a hit upon release. It appeared on their 1992 album Äventyr i natten.
The song charted on the Svensktoppen for 12 weeks between 1 September and 17 November 1991, peaking at number three.
The track was also recorded by the band Lollipops for their 2001 album Vårat sommarlov, and Markus Landgren, Hannah Westin and Ida Hellberg from on the reality television show Fame Factory in 2003. The song incorporated instrumentals from sitars and bhangra drums.

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 3 |
# Steggles

Steggles may refer to:
* Steggles (surname), a family name originating from Old English
* Steggles Pty Ltd, an Australian poultry business under Baiada Poultry
# Jeannette Kavira Mapera

Jeannette Kavira Mapera (born 8 April 1963) is the current Minister of Culture and Arts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She is a member of the Federalist Christian Democracy-Convention of Federalists for Christian Democracy (DCF-COFEDEC).

## Biography

Kavira was born in the eastern city of Bukavu on April 8, 1963. She attended the University of Kinshasa and graduated with a degree in Economics and International Economics.
In the 2006 general election, Kavira was elected to the National Assembly as a delegate of Lubero territory in North Kivu province.
She also served briefly as the Deputy Managing Director of Cohydro, a Congolese hydrocarbon company.
She took office as Minister of Culture and Arts on 23 February 2010, succeeding Ezra Kambale, the previous Minister.
# Guayania

Guayania is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.
Species include:
* Guayania bulbosa (Aristeg.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Guayania cerasifolia (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Guayania crassicaulis (Steyerm.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Guayania penninervata (Wurdack) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Guayania roupalifolia (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
* Guayania yaviana (Lasser & Maguire) R.M.King & H.Rob.
# Gnorimoschema nordlandicolella

Gnorimoschema nordlandicolella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Strand in 1902. It is found in Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Russia (Kola Peninsula, Irkutsk), Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as North America, where it has been recorded from Texas, Arizona and Yukon.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are light brownish-ochreous irrorated dark grey and whitish, the ground colour sometimes wholly obscured, or the spots of ground colour indicating the stigmata, but without defined markings. The hindwings are bluish-grey.
# Church Road (B&MJR) railway station

Church Road railway station served the hamlet of Lower Machen in Newport, Wales.

## History and description

The station had two platforms. There was a substantial stone building on one, with the other supplied with only a shelter. Initially a small and insignificant halt (though the suffix 'halt' did not begin appearing until the 1900s), Church Road grew in importance and a telephone kiosk was installed in 1891, together with the larger waiting room. For many years, the station's flowerbeds had its name spelt out in bedding plants.
The station's patronage slumped in the post-war years. It closed to both passengers and freight in 1957, having been unstaffed for a number of years. The larger station building is now a private residence, though the second platform was gone by 1974.
# Linden railway station

Linden railway station may refer to:
* Linden railway station, New South Wales, on the Main Western line in Australia
* Linden railway station, Wellington, on the North Island Main Trunk Railway (NIMT) in Wellington, New Zealand
* Linden station (CTA), an 'L' station on the Purple Line in Wilmette, Illinois, United States
* Linden station (NJ Transit), on the Northeast Corridor in Linden, New Jersey, United States
# Laskod

Laskod is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.
It covers an area of 13.59 km$^2$ (5 sq mi) and has a population of 1047 people (2011).
# Anna Kournikova's Smash Court Tennis

Anna Kournikova's Smash Court Tennis, known in Japan as Smash Court 2 (スマッシュコート2, Sumasshu Kōto Tsū), is a tennis video game developed by Namco for the PlayStation. It is the second title in Namco's Smash Court series of games. The game was released in Japan in November 1998 and was later released in Europe in 1999, featuring the likeness of professional tennis player Anna Kournikova.

## Gameplay

Anna Kournikova's Smash Court Tennis is a simple tennis game which can be played with up to four players. The game features various modes such as a training mode, Street Tennis, which is played on street courts, and Smash Tennis, in which players fight against each other using explosive tennis balls. Along with various tennis characters, players can unlock other characters from various Namco games, including Richard Miller and Sherudo Garo from Time Crisis, Heihachi Mishima, Yoshimitsu and Eddy Gordo from Tekken 3, Pac-Man and Reiko Nagase from Ridge Racer Type 4.

## Reception

Review score :
| Publication | Score |
| The Sydney Morning Herald | 3.5/5 |
# Altınyazı, Mucur

Altınyazı is a village in Mucur District, Kırşehir Province, Turkey. Its population is 115 (2022).

## Etymology

The old name of Altınyazı was Aflak and it came from an old Seljukid general, who died there.

## History

The village was founded about 2,000 years ago. Sometimes the village has been destroyed and been refounded. There is also an old church built in the year 300 by the Byzantines. The village also has an ancient underground city.

## Geography

Altınyazı is in a steppe called bozkır. It is also very mountainous. Ağa tepe and Kızlar tepesi are the two highest peaks in Altınyazı. They are 1,047 metres (3,435 ft) above sea level .Altınyazı is 29 km away from Kırşehir, 8 km from Mucur and 220 km from Ankara. The summers are hot and dry and the winters are cold.

## Education

There is no school in Altınyazı.
# Land reform in Athens

Two major land reforms were attempted at ancient Athens in the 6th century BC.

## Background

Already in the 8th century BC, Hesiod referred to land shortage related to the problems of dividing inheritance. In the Odyssey it is mentioned that the worst fate of a man, other than death, is to remain without land and thus have to serve another person. People with no land had to leave Athens and settle in colonies in the west (Sicily and Italy) and east (Asia Minor).
By the end of the 7th century and beginning of 6th century BC, land concentration occurred and most lands were held by the nobility. Athenians with small farms could not survive dry years, so they had to borrow from the rich and pay a yearly usury of about 1/6 of the yearly crop. This high usury left them little money to return the loan, so the debts could not be paid and the poor actually became serfs to the rich. Some of them were even sold abroad as slaves (since it was forbidden to sell Athenians as slaves in Athens).

## Solon's reforms

By the end of the 7th century BC, embitterment among the poor had risen, and the rich had begun to fear an uprising which might lead to tyranny as often happened in other Greek poleis. Hence, in 594 BC, both sides agreed to elect Solon, who was considered wise and impartial, as the archon to arbitrate the dispute.
Solon decided on the following reforms:
* Free all land-owners from the obligation to pay 1/6 to their loaners;
* Cancel all debts;
* Forbid selling a debtor as a slave to pay the debt;
* Forbid selling Athenians to slavery abroad;
* Buy back all Athenians that were already sold;
* Revise and cancel most of the Draconian constitution.
To appease the rich, Solon divided the Athenians into four income groups, with civil rights increasing from the lower to the higher income.

### Outcomes

No group in Athens were thoroughly satisfied:
* Athenians who had to sell their land to pay their debts did not get their land back and remained poor;
* Freed slaves had no land and could not support themselves;
* The poor did not win equal civil rights;
* The rich of course were not satisfied with the cancellation of debts.
However, they agreed to live by the new laws for about 100 years, and during this time, the poverty in Athens had been somewhat alleviated.

## Pisistratus' reforms

At about 560 BC, continuing unrest led to the tyranny of Pisistratus. There are differing opinions regarding his land reforms:
* Some claim he really cared about the poor, so he confiscated lands from the rich and gave them to the landless, while also offering cheap loans to small farmers so that they wouldn't have to sell their lands in tough years.
* Others claim he confiscated only a small amount of land belonging mainly to his political foes.

### Outcomes

The power of aristocracy in Athens was reduced, poverty was somewhat reduced, agriculture and other crafts were promoted.
# Guecellone VII da Camino

Guecellone VII da Camino (c. 1275 – 1324) was an Italian nobleman and lord of Treviso.

## Biography

The second son of Gherardo III da Camino, he was initially destined to the ecclesiastical career. After the assassination of his elder brother and lord of Treviso, Rizzardo IV da Camino, in which Guecellone perhaps took part, he became General Captain of Treviso. He continued the pro-Guelph stand of his father, keeping good relationships with the Patriarchate of Aquileia and the Republic of Venice, and supporting the Paduans against Cangrande della Scala, lord of Verona. He later changed side, and allied with the Veronese Alboino I della Scala.
His unsteady conduct caused the Trevigiani people to rebel against him, under the leadership of Rambaldo di Collato: Guecellone was forced to flee the city, ending the family's lordship in Treviso after 29 years (15 December 1312). In 1317, with the help of Cangrande della Scala, he besieged the city and the bishop's castle of San Martino at Ceneda, but in vain. Later he reconciled with the bishops, being confirmed by the latter in the investiture of Feltre, Ceneda and Cadore, which had been conquered by Cangrande the previous year. The following year, he was excommunicated by the pope due to a dispute about his brother's testament.
He died at Serravalle in 1324.

## Sources

* Angella, Enrica; Pietro Bongi (1993). Sulle terre dei da Camino. Pieve da Soligo: Bubola & Naibo.
# James Leahy

James Leahy (1822–1896) was an Irish nationalist politician who took his seat in the United Kingdom House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for constituencies in County Kildare from 1880 to 1892.
He was the son of Daniel Leahy, a farmer of Templemore, Co. Tipperary. He was educated privately and was himself a tenant farmer. In 1850 he married Julia, daughter of John Mulhall, of Boyle, Co. Roscommon.
Leahy was first elected at the 1880 general election, as a Parnellite Home Rule League candidate for the Kildare constituency, In the vital vote of 17 May 1880 in which Parnell displaced William Shaw as chairman of the Parliamentary Party, Leahy voted for Parnell. When the Kildare constituency was divided at the 1885 general election, he was returned unopposed for the South Kildare constituency. He was again elected unopposed in 1886, and sided with Parnell when the IPP split in 1891. However, at the 1892 general election he lost the seat by a wide margin to the Anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation candidate, Matthew Minch. He did not stand for parliament again, but appears to have remained an active Parnellite. He was present at the nomination of James Laurence Carew as Parnellite candidate for Dublin College Green on 6 April 1896.
# Thomas Coningsby I

Thomas Coningsby I (fl. 1559), of Leominster, was an English politician.
Coningsby was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leominster in 1559.
Coningsby's son was Thomas Coningsby II (died 1616), also an MP.
# Cossulus nedretus

Cossulus nedretus is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in eastern Turkey.