OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hammond Chaffetz

Hammond E. Chaffetz (July 9, 1907 – January 12, 2001) was a federal prosecutor and partner at Kirkland & Ellis. He helped turn the law firm into one of America’s largest law firms.

## Early life

Born in Massachusetts, Chaffetz graduated from Harvard Law School in 1930.

## Career

He joined the U.S. Department of Justice, where he became a Special Assistant to the Attorney General, pioneering federal antitrust prosecution policies later upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.
Chaffetz had been recommended for the position by one of his Harvard Law School professors, future U.S. Supreme Court justice Felix Frankfurter. Frankfurter, however, had also recommended one of Chaffetz's classmates, future accused Soviet spy Alger Hiss, for the same position, and it was Hiss's decision to withdraw that Chaffetz believed opened the position to him.
His victory over 16 oil companies in a price-fixing conspiracy soon caught the attention of Weymouth Kirkland, who was defending one of the oil companies. Kirkland offered the young lawyer a partnership at the Washington offices of the firm.
During World War II, he took a leave of absence and became a Navy lieutenant commander.
He rejoined the law firm after the war, and was moved to the Chicago offices. He was key to the law firm’s expansion, by recruiting young law students. He withdrew from active law practice in the early 1980s, but remained advisor until his death.
Chaffetz was also an active supporter of the arts in Chicago, most notably the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the Goodman Theatre, and the International Theatre Festival.

## Family

Chaffetz's parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and his father was a shopkeeper. His brother was Maxwell (Max) Chaffetz, an FBI special agent whose grandson is former Congressman Jason Chaffetz, and his second cousin was Washington, D.C. real estate developer and philanthropist Morris Cafritz.$^{:15,59,90,103}$

## Sources

* https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035821/http://www.illinoisbar.org/Association/012-1i.htm
* http://www.kirkland.com/ourFirm/history.aspx
* http://www.law.harvard.edu/alumni/bulletin/2001/summer/memoriam_main.html
# Alkalicoccus saliphilus

Alkalicoccus saliphilus is a Gram-positive and haloalkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Alkalicoccus. It was first isolated from the algal mat of a mineral pool in the Malvizza mud volcanoes of Campania and can tolerate concentrations of up to 25% sodium chloride.
# Beaver Lake (Texas)

Beaver Lake was a small lake or beaver pond formerly found on the Devils River in what is now Val Verde County, Texas. It was located about 19 miles (31 km) north of second crossing of Devil's River and 44 miles (71 km) from Howard Springs.

## History

Beaver Lake was first encountered upstream of the head of Devil's River by the 1849 U. S. Army military expedition that established the San Antonio-El Paso Road. It was described by Robert A. Eccleston, one of a party of forty-niners traveling with the expedition. In Eccleston's diary of that trip he writes about the lake they camped near from July 23–26, 1849, as:
   a pretty little lake. There was however no path down to the water & the bank was very steep. My brother and I went fishing in the lake... He caught two catfish... There is a beaver dam on the lake close to our camp. No beavers have yet been seen.
It was 213 miles (343 km) from San Antonio on the road, according to the topographical engineers with the expedition.
The Beaver Lake Ranch is located nearby to the north.
# Sanjak of Ankara

The Sanjak of Ankara was a second-level province (sanjak) of the Ottoman Empire.
The town of Ankara became part of the Ottoman state in 1361 or perhaps in 1354. It was the first capital (pasha sanjak) of the Anatolia Eyalet from its formation in the late 14th century until the late 15th century, when it was moved to Kütahya. The sanjak of Ankara remained part of Anatolia Eyalet until the latter's dissolution ca. 1841–46, when it became the seat of the new Ankara Eyalet. This was merged into the Bozok Eyalet in 1849, but Ankara remained the capital, and after 1852 the province was once more known as the Ankara Eyalet, and after 1867 as the Ankara Vilayet.
In 1912, the sanjak of Ankara comprised the districts (kazas) of Ankara proper, Ayaş, Beypazarı, Nallıhan, Mihalıççık, Sivrihisar, Haymana, Bala, Yabanabad and Kalecik.
# Jean-Bernard Lévy (football)

Jean-Bernard Lévy (9 March 1897 – 16 May 1940) was a French football functionary. With the beginning of professional football in France in 1932, he became the first president of Racing Club de France (RCF) as one of the founding clubs of the French professional league (see Ligue 1#Establishment).
In 1932, Lévy who was a member of RCF committee as well as the Commission du Championnat de France professionnel (Commission of French Professional Championship) stood at the beginnings of the professional football section of the Racing Club de France which adopted the name of its home sports society as Racing Club de France.
In November of 1935 Levy invited the Moscow city football team as the best football team of the Soviet Union to Paris. To Paris departed two Muscovite teams from Russian sports societies Spartak and Dynamo. That particular event became very notable for the Soviet football and emphasized as being an influential in creation of professional football competition that started in 1936.
Few days after the Coupe de France final in which RCF beat Olympique de Marseille 2–1 at Parc des Princes, Lévy perished at the Battle of France as a French soldier.
# Catalina Federal Honor Camp

The Catalina Federal Honor Camp, or Tucson Federal Prison Camp, located in the Santa Catalina Mountains, held men subject to the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans. It had no security fence, boundaries were marked with stones painted white. 45 of the 46 prisoners were draft resisters and objectors of conscience transferred from camps in Colorado, Arizona and Utah, although Gordon Hirabayashi, who had challenged the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast, was also held here.
The camp was established in the Coronado National Forest in 1939, under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, with plans to use inmate labor to build a highway connecting Tucson, Arizona to the mountains. Expanded in the 1940s, the Honor Camp consisted of four prisoner barracks, a mess hall, laundry facilities, power and storage facilities, a garage, a vocational shop, one classroom, an administration building, fifteen cottages for prison staff, and water and sewage systems; a baseball field and farmland were also part of the Honor Camp facilities. Most of the draft resisters brought to the camp were transferred from the Amache, Colorado (a concentration camp), although others came from Poston, Arizona and Topaz, Utah; all were transported in leg irons and under armed guard. Gordon Hirabayashi, on the other hand, convicted in 1943 of violating one of the civilian exclusion orders against Japanese Americans when he refused to go along with the government "relocation", hitchhiked from Spokane, Washington to the Catalina labor camp. The inmates performed road work for what would become the Catalina Highway, drilling holes for dynamite, breaking rocks with sledgehammers and clearing trees, as well as growing food and cooking for the prison population.
Hirabayashi served out his two 90-day sentences, and the draft resisters were pardoned in 1947, but the prison remained open until the highway was completed in 1951, when it became a labor camp for juvenile offenders. In 1967, the State of Arizona took over the camp and converted it to a youth rehabilitation center. The rehabilitation center closed in 1973 and the buildings were destroyed soon after, but many foundations and walls of the old structures remain. Today, the site serves as a campground and trail head, and is known as the Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Site to honor the camp's most well-known inmate (whose conviction was overturned in 1987, after it was discovered that government officials withheld evidence that would have supported his case).
# HD 80194

HD 80194 (HR 3695) is a solitary star in the southern circumpolar constellation Chamaeleon. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.12, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. Parallax measurements place the object at a distance of 351 light years and is currently receding with a poorly constrained radial velocity of 0.9 km/s.
HD 80194 has a stellar classification of K1 III, indicating that it is a red giant that has exhausted its core hydrogen. It is thought to be a red clump star, on the cool end of the horizontal branch and fusing helium in its core. It has 115% the mass of the Sun but has expanded to 9.82 times its girth. It shines at 47 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,798 K, giving it an orange glow. HD 80194 has an iron abundance 81% that of the Sun and spins slowly with a projected rotational velocity lower than 1 km/s.
# Labor Union of Liberia

The Labor Union of Liberia (abbreviated LUL) was the first trade union in Liberia. LUL was founded in 1949. A legislation paving the way for the foundation of LUL was passed by the legislature of Liberia on December 22, 1949. LUL was not limited to any specific profession, and organized clerks, merchants, truck drivers, laundry workers, store workers and typists. LUL was dependent on the Liberian government.
After a short period of existence LUL went defunct.
# Jack Lucas

Jack Lucas may refer to:
* Jacklyn H. Lucas (1928-2008), United States Marine who is the youngest to receive the Medal of Honor, at age 17
* Jack Lucas (footballer) (born 1961), Australian rules footballer for the Sydney Swans
# Mad Dogs, Midgets and Screw Jobs

Mad Dogs, Midgets and Screw Jobs: The Untold Story of How Montreal Shaped the World of Wrestling is a 2013 book about professional wrestling in Montreal, it was written by Pat Laprade. It won the Wrestling Observer Newsletter award for Best Pro Wrestling Book and was named the best wrestling book of the year by The Law.
# Alkalicoccus urumqiensis

Alkalicoccus urumqiensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, moderately haloalkaliphilic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Alkalicoccus.
# Beinan, Taitung

22°47′N 121°07′E﻿ / ﻿22.783°N 121.117°E﻿ / 22.783; 121.117
Beinan Township or Peinan Township (Chinese: 卑南鄕; pinyin: Bēinán Xiāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pi-lâm) is a rural township in Taitung County, Taiwan. It has a population of 16,798 as of February 2023. It is home to the Puyuma and Rukai peoples.

## Name

This southeastern region of Taiwan was originally dominated by the Puyuma people. The township is named in Puyuma in honor of chief Pinara.
In Dutch Formosa, the Dutch called the township Pimala. During Qing rule, access to the area was prohibited.

## History

In 1875, Pi-lam Subprefecture (卑南廳) was established. During the period of Japanese rule, Pinan Village (卑南庄) was established under Taitō District, Taitō Prefecture. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, Beinan was established as a rural township of Taitung County.

## Geography

The northeast portion of the township is part of the Huatung Valley.

## Administrative divisions

The township comprises 13 villages: Binlang, Chulu, Fushan, Fuyuan, Jiafong, Liji, Lijia, Meinong, Mingfong, Taian, Taiping, Tunghsing and Wenkuan.

## Tourist attractions

* Baiyu Waterfall
* Chu Lu Ranch
* Jhihben National Forest Recreation Area
* Cingjue Temple
* Taromak Monument
* Yuan Sen Applied Botanical Garden
* Jhihben Hot Spring

## Transportation

Beinan Township is accessible from Shanli Station of the Taiwan Railways.

## Notable natives

* A-mei, singer and songwriter
* Lin Shu-ling, activist
# Benson Lock

vteBenson Lock :
Legend :
Benson Lock is a lock on the River Thames in England, close to Benson, Oxfordshire but on the opposite bank of the river. The first pound lock here was built by the Thames Navigation Commission in 1788 and it was replaced by the present masonry lock in 1870. The distance between Benson Lock and Cleeve Lock downstream is 6.5 miles (10.4 km) - the longest distance between locks on the River Thames.
The weir runs from the lock island level with the lock across to the Benson side. There is a footbridge over the weir which replaced the ferry which operated here previously. The Thames Path crosses the river here.

## History

The history of the weir can be traced back into the late 14th century when there was a mill at "Bensington". The mill island and stream are on the Benson side downstream of the lock although the mill itself is long gone. There was also a flash lock, although the first definite reference to this is in 1746. The pound lock was built of oak in 1788 and it is noted that, uniquely for this lock, "Low Country men" were employed at a higher than average wage. Thacker conjectures that these were Dutch specialists. The lock was rebuilt of masonry in 1870. Originally the lock was attended (or not - according to some accounts) by the miller, but there is reference to a (deserted) lock house in 1865. The present lock keeper's house dates from 1913.

## Access to and across the lock

The lock is a short distance from the village of Benson and can be reached across the weir. The weir is currently closed for refurbishment until 2025.

## Reach above the lock

About halfway along the reach, the river passes through Shillingford and under Shillingford Bridge, which is built of limestone ashlar masonry with some brick. The central section over the river consists of three segmental arches, and there is a long causeway to the north with nine additional arches. The structure is grade II listed. For a great part of the way the two round topped hills of the Wittenham Clumps are in view. After Shillingford the River Thame enters the river from the direction of Dorchester which is a short way to the north. The Thame is navigable by small boats as far as Dorchester Bridge, on the south-east edge of Dorchester.
The Thames Path, which crosses the river at the lock, follows a road in Benson and rejoins the river, running along the northern/eastern bank to Shillingford. At Shillingford the path follows a diversion through the town, rejoining the river outside the town. It continues on the northern bank, over the River Thame to Little Wittenham Bridge where it crosses just before Day's Lock.
# Jean-Bernard Raimond

Jean-Bernard Raimond (French pronunciation:; 6 February 1926 – 7 March 2016) was a conservative French politician who served as Foreign Minister in the government of Jacques Chirac from 1986 to 1988, as French ambassador to a number of states from the 1970s to the 1990s, and as a deputy in the French National Assembly from 1993 to 2002.

## Biography

Educated at the elite École Normale Supérieure (graduated 1947) and the École nationale d'administration, Raimond served in a variety of civil service positions with the French government, in 1967 he became a member of the staff of Maurice Couve de Murville, at the time the French Foreign Minister, and later to Louis de Guiringaud in 1978. He was ambassador to Morocco from 1973 to 1977, to Poland (1982–1984), to the Soviet Union (1985–1986) and to the Vatican (1988–1991). In between terms as ambassador, he served in various posts in the French Foreign Ministry, including his term as Foreign Minister from 1986 to 1988.
In 1993, he was elected to the French National Assembly as deputy for Bouches-du-Rhône (Aix-en-Provence) as a member of the Neo-Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR), and was reelected in 1997 for a term ending in 2002.
He was very active in Franco-Moroccan relations and is a member of a number of bilateral friendship committees, participated in non-governmental international colloquia, and wrote several books. Raimond was also the recipient of a number of French and foreign honours, including Officer of the Légion d'honneur, Commander of the Ordre national du Mérite, Chevalier des Palmes Académiques, Grand-cordon du Ouissam-Alaouite (Morocco), and the Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX (Vatican).
# Jade Books in Heaven

Jade Books (玉書) are described in several scriptures of the Daoist canon as existent primordially in the various divine Heavens. These Jade Books are variously said to be instrumental in creating and maintaining the divine structure of the universe, or as regulating national or personal destiny.
* Spirit-generating perfection-treasuring stanzas of the Cavern of Profundity
* Heaven-penetrating Southern Clouds Treasure Numinous Writ
* Numinous book of the Nine Heavens of Cavernous Moisture of the Treasure Kalpa
* Subtle chapter of the Bright Cavern of Golden Perfection
* Treasured Bright writ of the perfection-generating Primordial Spirit
* In Highest Clarity heaven are the "Jade Tablets of the Wisdom Manuscript" : parts of these reveal the inner names of the 10,000 spirits. (Compare the esoteric Shin-gon list of 10,000 Buddha-s.)
* In the Azure palace in Highest Clarity heaven are jade tablets registering the names and the nomenclatures of those adepts who are destined to ascend to the asterisms in broad daylight.

## "Heaven"-related books composed of other semi-precious stones

In Sumerian lore, "(Nisaba) continually gets advice from a tablet of lapis lazuli. ... Nisaba consults a lapis tablet for advice about the 'star-chart' (mul-an) ... . The subject in our text is also consulting the star chart from a tablet made of a precious stone (giš-nu11-gal)". This subject is Pú-ta ('Foundling'), the demonic scribe.
According to traditional teachings of Judaism in the Talmud, the Ten Commandments were engraved on blue sapphire stone as a symbolic reminder of the sky, the heavens, and ultimately of God's throne. Many Torah scholars, however, have opined that the Biblical "sapir" was, in fact, the lapis lazuli (see Exodus 24:10, lapis lazuli is a possible alternate rendering of "sapphire" the stone pavement under God's feet when the intention to craft the tablets of the covenant is disclosed Exodus 24:12).
In Muslim mystical lore, the archangel ʼIsrafʼil is owner of a "jewelled tablet of fate". "The Tablet of Destiny was made out of an immense white pearl, and it has two leaves like those of a door. There are learned men who assert that these leaves are formed out of two red rubies". (Possibly a reference to mercury produced by cinnabar.)
In Hellenistic lore, there is the Emerald Tablet of Hermēs Tris-megistos (Hermēs 'Thrice-Greatest').
The Akashic records in the modern Western philosophies of Edgar Cayce are a similar concept.
# Pudi

Pudi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Danny Pudi (born 1979), American actor.
* Prawin Pudi (born 1982), Indian film editor.
# Berceni

Berceni can refer to:
* Berceni, Bucharest, a quarter in Bucharest, Romania
** Berceni metro station
* Berceni, Ilfov, a commune in Ilfov County
* Berceni, Prahova, a commune in Prahova County
# Select Portfolio Servicing

Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. (SPS) is a loan servicing company founded in 1989 as Fairbanks Capital Corp. with operations in Salt Lake City, Utah and Jacksonville, Florida.

## History

Select Portfolio Servicing was created as a Utah company in 1989. Filings with both the Utah Secretary of State and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) confirm this. Filings with the Utah SOS and SEC would more accurately confirm that Fairbanks Capital Corp. was created as a Utah company in 1989.
Fairbanks Holding (the parent company of Fairbanks Capital) was owned in part by PMI Group, Inc., and bond guaranty firm Financial Security Assurance.
In November 2003, Fairbanks Capital Corp. and Fairbanks Capital Holding Corp. agreed to pay $40 million to settle with the FTC and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which charged them with engaging in a number of unfair, deceptive, and illegal practices in the servicing of subprime mortgage loans. The Commission distributed the $40 million as redress to affected consumers. The settlement also imposed a number of specific limitations on Fairbanks’s ability to charge fees and engage in certain practices when servicing mortgage loans.
Fairbanks changed its name to Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. effective June 30, 2004 according to its Articles of Amendment. Around the same time Fairbanks Holding renamed itself to SPS Holding Corp.
In 2005, Select Portfolio Servicing was purchased by Credit Suisse, a financial services company, headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. According to a Securities and Exchange Commission report (CFN: 1-6862) filed August 12, 2005, Credit Suisse First Boston (USA), Inc. now known as Credit Suisse, purchased Select Portfolio Servicing and its parent holding company for $144.4 million. Credit Suisse's Investment Banking Strategy included "the acquisition of Select Portfolio Servicing, a mortgage servicing company."
In 2007, the FTC conducted a review of Select Portfolio Servicing’s compliance with certain aspects of the 2003 settlement. The FTC and Select Portfolio Servicing negotiated and agreed to several modifications of the settlement. HUD has also agreed to these changes.
As of July 2020, Select Portfolio Servicing's current CEO and President is Randhir Gandhi.
# Joyce Auguste

Joyce Auguste was a Saint Lucian musician and leader of The Hewanorra Voices, which became a major popular folk band in the 1970s. Auguste also worked as music supervisor for the Saint Lucian school system and introduced folk music into the school curriculum.
# Grimeshaw Wood

Grimeshaw Wood is a 16.8-hectare (42-acre) Local Nature Reserve on the western outskirts of Peterborough in Cambridgeshire. It is owned by Peterborough City Council, and managed by the council together with the Peterborough Environment City Trust.
This site is ancient woodland in three adjacent areas. Flora include nettle-leaved bellflowers, and there are resident pipistrelle bats.
There is access from Bretton Way, which bisects the site.
An environmental bio-study is currently underway to and record the true diversity of flora and fauna in this ancient woodland. On 8 January 2022 a pair of tawny owls were noted. Other bird species noted include buzzard, red kite, wood pigeon, stock dove, great tit, coal tit, robin, blue tit, lesser spotted woodpecker, green woodpecker, blackbird, brambling, pheasant, collared dove, tree creeper.
# It Isn't Being Done This Season

It Isn't Being Done This Season' is a 1921 American silent drama film directed by George L. Sargent and starring Corinne Griffith, Sally Crute and Webster Campbell.

## Plot

Following her mother's advice to marry for money, Marcia turns down Oliver the man she loves to marry the wealthy George Hunt and accompanies him to Turkey on a business trip.

## Cast

* Corinne Griffith as Marcia Ventnor
* Sally Crute as Isabelle Ventnor
* Webster Campbell as Oliver Lawton
* John Charles as Afeif Bey
* Charles Wellesley as George Hunt
# Amoret

Amoret may refer to:
* Amoret, Missouri, a city in the Kansas City metropolitan area
* Amoret Whitaker, British forensic entomologist
* Amoret, a character in Edmund Spenser's 1590 poem The Faerie Queene
* Amoret, a character in John Fletcher's 1608 play The Faithful Shepherdess
# Puerto Rican slider

The Puerto Rican slider (Trachemys stejnegeri stejnegeri) is a subspecies of turtle found mainly in Puerto Rico and surrounding areas. It is a relative of the pond slider.
# Bhandartikuri railway station

Bhandartikuri railway station is a railway station on Bandel–Katwa line connecting from Bandel to Katwa, and under the jurisdiction of Howrah railway division of Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Bhandartikuri village, Purba Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Few EMU and Passenger trains stop at Bhandartikuri railway station.

## History

The Hooghly–Katwa Railway constructed a line from Bandel to Katwa in 1913. This line including Bhandartikuri railway station was electrified in 1994–96 with 25 kV overhead line.