OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Santa Maria Assunta, Pievepelago

Santa Maria Assunta is Roman Catholic parish church located in the town of Pievepelago in the region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

## History

A parish church at the site is documented since 1038, but little remains of that building. Construction of the present parish began 1868 designed by Cesare Costa, and was consecrated in 1874. The church houses a Glory of Santa Filomena by Adeodato Malatesta.
The counter facade has paintings depicting St Francis and the Immaculate Conception (1918) by Gaetano Bellei. The left transept has a reliquary urn for St Theodore in Neocalssic style by Gaetano Boccini. The main chapel has an altarpiece depicting the Virgin in Glory by the painter Carlo Rizzi. The church also houses a St Luigi Gonzaga (1853) by Luigi Asioli. Beside the church is the Oratory of San Luigi, built in 1754, and the Oratory of the Bianchi, built under the patronage of the empress of Austria in the late 1700s.
# A Metric America

A Metric America: A Decision Whose Time Has Come was a 1971 book by the United States National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) printed by the Government Printing Office.
In 1968, in the Metric Study Act (Pub. L. 90-472, August 9, 1968, 82 Stat. 693), Congress authorized a three-year study of systems of measurement in the U.S., with particular emphasis on the feasibility of adopting the SI. This detailed U.S. Metric Study was conducted by the Department of Commerce. A 45-member advisory panel consulted with and took testimony from hundreds of consumers, business organizations, labor groups, manufacturers, and state and local officials.
A Metric America: "A Decision Whose Time Has Come" – For Real (NISTIR 4858) was a June 1992 follow-up to this book.
# Betiscoides

Betiscoides is a small genus of southern African grasshoppers in the family Lentulidae.
The grasshoppers of the genus Betiscoides have slender or very slender bodies and they are flightless, lacking wings. They have a conical head and the antennae are tapering. They are all found among the reed-like wetland plants of the genus Restio and their common name is the restio grasshoppers. All three species are classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

## Species

There are three species in the genus Betiscoides:
* Betiscoides meridionalis Sjöstedt, 1923 – slender restio grasshopper
* Betiscoides parva Key, 1937 – small restio grasshopper
* Betiscoides sjostedti Key, 1937 – robust restio grasshopper
# Chaetosomodes

Chaetosomodes is a genus of beetles in the family Chaetosomatidae, containing the single species Chaetosomodes halli.
# Napier of Magdala Battery

Napier of Magdala Battery is a former coastal artillery battery on the south-western cliffs of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, overlooking the Bay of Gibraltar. It also overlooks Rosia Bay from the north, as does Parson's Lodge Battery from the south. It contains one of two surviving Armstrong 100-ton guns.

## History

In 1883 the British Government installed a single 100-ton gun: a 450 mm rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Armstrong Whitworth, at the battery by Rosia Bay that they named Napier of Magdala Battery after Field Marshal Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, who had served as Governor of Gibraltar from 1876 to 1883.
Earlier, in 1879, they had mounted another such gun in Gibraltar at Victoria Battery. These two batteries, together with two in Malta (Cambridge Battery and Fort Rinella), were a response to the Italians having, in 1873, built the battleship Duilio, which was to receive four Armstrong Guns of the same design. The British authorised the construction of Victoria and Napier of Magdala batteries in December 1878; they completed Victoria in 1879 and Napier of Magadala in 1883, at a total cost of £35,707. Because the British viewed the two batteries as part of the one large fortress that was the Rock of Gibraltar, the batteries lacked all-round protection and any of the close-in defences such as the dry moats with caponiers or counterscarp galleries that the British installed at Cambridge Battery and Fort Rinella, both of which were free-standing pentagonal forts.
The gun that is now at Napier of Magdala Battery originally armed Victoria Battery, but the British moved it to Napier when the original gun there split during firing practice. The gun at Napier Battery received the nickname, "The Rockbuster".
During World War II, the British Army stationed a battery of four 3.7" and two Bofors quick-firing anti-aircraft guns at the site. In 1945 they almost fired upon an Iberia Airlines Junkers Ju 88 that had wandered into Gibraltar's airspace while on a flight from Málaga to Tetouan.
The "Rockbuster" was last fired in 2002 (with a very small signaling charge) to mark the 2002 Calpe Conference between Gibraltar and Malta.

## Philately

In 2010 Gibraltar and Malta jointly issued a four-stamp set of stamps featuring the two countries' 100-ton guns. Two stamps show the gun at Napier of Magdala Battery, and two the gun at Fort Rinella. One of each pair is a view from 1882, and the other is a view from 2010. The stamps from Gibraltar bear a denomination of 75 pence, while those from Malta bear a denomination of 0.75 euros.

## Gallery

* 100 ton gun firing from Napier of Magdala Battery in the 1880s
* A replica of the 100-ton gun's 17.72 inch projectile
# Sayon Camara

Sayon Camara or Taramakhè is a Guinean singer. She was chosen in 2003 as the first African UNESCO Artist for Peace.

## Life

Camara was born in Faranah.
Her Malinke music is said to be "in line with the Mandingo art of the great griots". She and other musicians (including her husband) recorded her first album in Cote D'Ivoire at a studio in Abidjan. The 1998 album, Dinguiraye, established her reputation in Guinea and she earned the nickname "Taramakhè (town agitator)" because of her extravagant concerts. The following year she sang at UNESCO headquarters as part of the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize ceremony when the Community of Sant'Egidio were awarded the prize.
In 2002 her second album, "Saramaya" was again recorded in Abidjan and she also returned to UNESCO headquarters and the Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize ceremony when President of East Timor Xanana Gusmão was awarded the prize. At the party to celebrate her album Saramaya she was given two cars and a house by her fans.
She was chosen as a UNESCO Artist for Peace in 2003. She was the first African to be given this role.
# James Gairdner

James Gairdner CB (22 March 1828 – 4 November 1912) was a British historian. He specialised in 15th-century and early Tudor history, and among other tasks edited the Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII series.
Son of John Gairdner, M.D. and brother of Sir William Tennant Gairdner, he was born and educated in Edinburgh. He entered the Public Record Office in London in 1846, remaining at work there until his retirement over fifty years later in 1900. Gairdner's contributions to English history related chiefly to the reigns of Richard III, Henry VII and Henry VIII. For the Rolls Series he edited Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII (London, 1861–1863), and Memorials of Henry VII (London, 1858). In association with J. S. Brewer, Gairdner prepared the first four volumes (in nine parts) of the Calendar of Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII, and, after Brewer's death in 1879, Gairdner completed the series, with the assistance of R. H. Brodie, in 1910, in twenty-one volumes (in thirty-three parts), having calendared about a hundred thousand documents, from numerous sources, in several languages.
He published an edition of the Paston Letters (London, 1872–1875, and again 1896); and he edited the Historical collections of a Citizen of London (London, 1876), and Three 15th-century Chronicles (London, 1880) for the Camden Society. His other works included biographies of Richard III (London, 1878) and Henry VII (London, 1889, and subsequently); The Houses of Lancaster and York (London, 1874, and other editions); The English Church in the 16th century (London, 1902); and Lollardy and the Reformation in England (1908). He contributed some seventy-seven fifteenth- and sixteenth-century biographies to the Dictionary of National Biography, as well as articles for the Encyclopædia Britannica, the Cambridge Modern History, and the English Historical Review.
He also wrote The Life and Reign of Richard the Third, which argued that the negative portrayal by Shakespeare and More was basically correct. It was re-published with The Story of Perkin Warbeck appended in 1898.
Gairdner received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1897, and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1900 Birthday Honours.

## Primary sources

* Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII: preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum and elsewhere, Volume 1 edited by John S. Brewer, Robert H. Brodie, James Gairdner. (1862), full text online vol 1; full text vol 3
# Impressions of Cleopatra

Impressions of Cleopatra is an album by flautist Paul Horn featuring a jazz interpretation of Alex North's musical score for the 1963 film, Cleopatra which was originally released on the Columbia label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic awarded the album 2 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Alex North
* "Caesar and Cleopatra Theme" - 3:55
* "Cleopatra's Palace Music" - 3:43
* "Love and Hate" - 3:03
* "Grant Me an Honorable Way to Die" - 7:03
* "Antony and Cleopatra Theme" - 4:01
* "Cleopatra Enters Rome" - 4:51
* "My Love Is My Master" - 3:20
* "A Gift for Caesar" - 3:40

## Personnel

* Paul Horn - flute
* Emil Richards - vibraphone
* Victor Feldman - piano
* Chuck Israels - bass
* Colin Bailey - drums
* Larry Bunker - percussion
# Reformed Presbyterian Church in Chile

The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Chile (in Spanish Iglesia Presbiteriana Reformada en Chile or IPRCh) is a Reformed denomination in Chile, founded in 2017, by Pastor Marcelo Sánchez, a missionary from the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA) formerly linked to the National Presbyterian Church in Chile.

## History

In the 2010s, a group of people led by Pastor Marcelo Sánchez (formerly linked to the National Presbyterian Church in Chile), in the city of Lo Prado, adhered to the doctrine of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA). In 2017, RPCNA welcomed the group of members as a congregation, as well as Pastor Marcelo Sánchez as a missionary for the denomination.
By 2020, the denomination had already planted churches in Lampa and Santiago.

## Doctrine

The denomination subscribes to the Westminster Confession, Westminster Larger Catechism, and Westminster Shorter Catechism and differs from other Presbyterian denominations in the country by adopting exclusive psalmody and Sunday observance.
# Cao Naiqian

Cao Naiqian (simplified Chinese: 曹乃谦; traditional Chinese: 曹乃謙; pinyin: Cáo Naǐqiān; born February 1949) is a Chinese novelist and essayist. He is a member of the China Writers Association. He is the director of Shanxi Writers Association and vice-president of Datong Writers Association.

## Biography

Cao was born Cao Naitian (曹乃天) in Ying County, Shanxi in February 1949, he has a childhood name Zhaoren (招人). He attended Dashizi School (大十字小学) and Datong No. 5 Meddle School. In 1965, the year before the Cultural Revolution, he was accepted to Datong No. 1 High School. After high school, his studies was interrupted by the Cultural Revolution, he forced to work in the fields instead of going to university. In 1968 he worked as a coal miner in the Jinhua Gongkuang (晋华宫矿), and one year later he was transferred to the Art Troupe of Datong Bureau of Mine Affairs. In October 1972, he was transferred again to the Bureau of Public Security as a criminal police. He started to publish works in 1986, at the age of 37. In 1991, he joined the China Writers Association. In 1995, one of his articles was included in the first issue of Reader's Digest.

## Works
### Novellas

* The Loneliness of Buddha (佛的孤独)

### Novels

* There Is Nothing I Can Do When I Think of You Late at Night (到黑夜我想你没办法)

### Short stories

* The Last Village (最后的村庄)
* The Old Man (老汉)

### Proses and poems

* My Life Notes (我的人生笔记)
# Lubów

Lubów may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Lubów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
* Lubów, Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)
# Manik

Manik may refer to:
* Manik (2005 film), a 2005 Indian Bengali-language film
* Manik (1961 film), a 1961 Indian Bengali-language film
* Manik or T. J. Perkins (born 1984), American professional wrestler

## People with the surname Manik

* Moosa Manik (born 1964), Maldivian footballer
* Mikuláš Maník (born 1975), Slovak chess grandmaster
# Chaetosopus

Chaetosopus is a genus in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. There are at least three described species in Chaetosopus, found in Brazil.

## Species

These three species belong to the genus Chaetosopus:
* Chaetosopus contiguus Napp & Martins, 1988
* Chaetosopus infalsatus Napp & Martins, 1988
* Chaetosopus violaceus (Martins, 1973)
# Cook-off

A cook-off is a cooking competition where the contestants each prepare dishes for judging either by a select group of judges or by the general public. Cook-offs are very popular among competitors (such as restaurants) with very similar dishes, such as chili, and serves as a way to decide which recipe is the best for that particular dish.

## Chili cook-off

A chili cook-off is a social event, similar to a barbecue, in which competitors prepare their own particular recipe for chili con carne and submit it for taste testing. A cook-off may be an informal gathering with the simple goal of sharing recipes and enjoying food, or it may be a large-scale event with an official panel of judges and substantial prizes for winners.
The Chili Appreciation Society International (CASI) sanctions over 550 cook-offs annually that raise over $1,000,000 for charity. Corporate CASI, which sanctions cook-offs, tabulates cookoff results, and puts on the annual Terlingua International Chili Championship, has an annual income of approximately $250,000. Out of this annual income around $60,000 goes to charity. The CASI is a 501(c)(3) corporation.
The International Chili Society (ICS) organizes chili cook-offs as fundraisers. Its annual cook-offs are on a grand scale, with regional qualifying events that attract tens of thousands of participants and a "World Championship" cook-off held in October. The ICS has raised millions of dollars for charity while still awarding hundreds of thousands of dollars to winners.
As early as 1970, many communities have hosted non-ICS cook-offs, leading to a competing "World Championship" cook-off in Terlingua, Texas.
The UK Chilli Cook-off Association organises chilli cook-offs as throughout the UK as fundraisers, culminating in the UK grand final at the Upton Cheyney Chili Festival near Bath, UK – Winners qualify for the World Food Championships Chili Cookoff
Many chili cook-offs were either canceled or moved to virtual events because of the COVID-19 pandemic, from 2020 to 2021.

### Notable chili cook-offs

* Chilympiad in San Marcos, Texas (1970–2002)
* Lone Star Chili Cook-off in New York City
* 2024 Chili Cookoff Team Generations - Undefeated Champs in Troy

## Ribfest

A ribfest is a cook-off typically for pork ribs.

### Notable ribfests

* Canada's Largest Ribfest – Burlington, Ontario
* Best in the West Nugget Rib Cook-off – Sparks, Nevada
* London Ribfest – London, Ontario
* Toronto Ribfest – Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Canada's largest Halal Barbeque and Fast Food Truck Festival, Toronto, Ontario
# Bianco d'Alessano

Bianco d'Alessano is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Apulia region of southern Italy, where it is often blended with Verdeca. In the early 21st century, the grape was planted in the South Australian wine region of Riverland where varietal examples of Bianco d'Alessano has won wine competition awards as an "Alternative Variety" (as opposed to an "International Variety"). In Italy, the grape has also been historically used in the production of vermouth.

## History

Ampelographers believe that Bianco d'Alessano is native to southern Italy, although its exact place of origin is not yet known. The grape has a long history of cultivation in Apulia, and in 2008 DNA analysis showed that the Iuvarello grape that has historically been grown in Calabria was, in fact, Bianco d'Alessano.

## Viticulture

Bianco d'Alessano is a mid to late ripening grape variety that maintains high levels of acidity even when allowed to hang on the vine late into the growing season before harvest. In Australia, the grape tends to be harvested later in the season than it does in Italy.

## Wine regions

In 2000, there were 960 hectares (2,400 acres) of Bianco d'Alessano in cultivation in Italy with the vast majority of the plantings in Apulia, particularly in the Murgia region in the province of Taranto. Here the grape is usually blended with Verdeca in the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) wines of Gravina, Lizzano, Locorotondo, Martina Franca and Ostuni.
Outside Italy, the grape can be found in the South Australian wine region of Riverland at Loxton, where it is notable for maintaining high levels of acidity even when harvested late in the season, despite the very warm continental climate of this wine region. As of 2021, there are approximately 2 hectares (4.9 acres) of Bianco d'Alessano growing in Australia. Here, the grape is sometimes made as a varietal, with examples of Australian Bianco d'Alessano winning wine competition awards as an "Alternative Variety".

## Styles

In Italy, Bianco d'Alessano is rarely made a varietal wine, instead being blended with other local white Italian varieties such as Verdeca, Bombino bianco, Fiano and Greco. However, in South Australia, varietal examples of Bianco d'Alessano can be found. The grape also has had a long history of being used in the production of flavored fortified wine vermouth.

## Synonyms

Over the years, Bianco d'Alessano has been known under a variety of synonyms, including: Acchiappapalmento, Achiappapalmento, Bianco d'Assano, Bianco di Latiano, Bianco di Lessame, Bianco di Palmento, Bianco di Valdigna, Butta Palmento, Iuvarello (in Calabria), Verdurino and Vuiono (in Calabria).
# Billilingra

Billilingra is a locality in the Snowy Monaro Region, New South Wales, Australia. It lies on both sides of the Murrumbidgee River and on both sides of the Monaro Highway about 91 km south of Canberra and about 26 km north of Cooma. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 13.
Billilingra railway station opened on 18 October 1894, after the extension of the Bombala railway line through the site on 31 May 1889, and closed in May 1941.
# Manik Bagh

22°41′33″N 75°51′23″E﻿ / ﻿22.69250°N 75.85639°E﻿ / 22.69250; 75.85639
Manik Bagh, also spelled Manig Bagh, is a palace of the Holkar Maharaja of Indore State in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The name means "Ruby Garden" or "Gem Garden". It was designed and built by the German architect Eckart Muthesius on behalf of Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II in 1930. On the outside and the inside it was in the Bauhaus and Art Deco style, making it a Gesamtkunstwerk.

## History

The palace was commissioned by Maharaja Yashwant Rao Holkar II for the use of himself and his wife Sanyogita Devi. It was built and furnished between 1930 and 1939 by the German architect Eckart Muthesius, and its design combines the Bauhaus style in architecture and Art Deco in the interior decoration. The prince and the architect had first met in 1928 in England.
The 40 rooms of the U-shaped building were all connected directly or through terraces. For the 80 or so servants in the house a separate external corridor was created. Because the walls could neither be wallpapered nor covered with silk due to the high humidity of the rainy months, Muthesius decided to come up with a solution by having the finest glass dust blown on the previously prepared walls. The floor was laid out in marble.
The furniture, which was predominantly shaped according to the Bauhaus model, was made of black ebony, as were most of the columns. Muthesius designed for example the bar, lamps and some furniture. The furniture was partly dismantled in Berlin, packed and shipped to Indore. A friend of the maharaja, Henri-Pierre Roché brought together for him a crystal service by Baccarat, silverware by Jean Puiforcat customised with the royal arms, a deckchair by Eileen Gray, a floor lamp by Jean Perzel, a chaiselongue by Le Corbusier and screens by Drian. The aluminium beds were made by Louis Sognot and Charlotte Alix. Famous French designer Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann designed a "Studio for a Crown Prince of the Indies" with a huge map of India on the wall. The black and orange carpets with geometric patterns were by Ivan da Silva-Bruhns.
Two large double-portraits of the maharajah and his wife were done by Bernard Boutet de Monvel in 1929 and were placed in the palace.
In the garden, there was a project to create a garden with a "temple of meditation", with an installation of the bird sculptures by Brancusi that the maharaja owned. With the premature death of the maharani the project was never completed.
Muthesius had to leave India after the outbreak of the World War II. After the premature death of his wife Sanyogita Devi, the maharajah started to retreat from his interest in contemporary art and architecture and returned less to Manik Bagh. The interior decoration was sold and in 1980 auctioned at Sotheby's in Monaco. Manik Bagh is now used by the Office of the Commissioner, CGST, Customs & Central Excise.
The Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris had an exhibition in 2019 called "Moderne Maharajah" dedicated to Yashwant Rao Holkar II and Manik Bagh, featuring some of the interior pieces such as the aluminium bed by Louis Sognot and Charlotte Alix, as well as pieces by Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann.
# Helge Rykkja

Helge Rykkja (27 August 1943 – 13 June 2020) was a Norwegian author, poet, teacher and politician.
He was born in Mysen, started working at a lower secondary school in Kragerø in 1974 and took the cand.philol. degree in 1979. From 1966 to 1970, he was an editorial board member of the radical periodical Profil, and from 1968, he was a chief editor. He represented the Red Electoral Alliance in Kragerø city council from 1987 to 2003; some times as a deputy representative. He also worked to free Adem Demaçi from prison in 1990.
He made his lyrical debut in 1966 with the poetry collection Bok. When it was re-released in 1997, it acquired "a certain classic status", according to conservative newspaper Aftenposten.
He died on 13 June 2020.

## Books

* Bok (Poems, 1966, Kommet; Re-released in 1997, Aschehoug Forlag)
* Poesi (Poems, 1968, Pax Forlag)
* Kommune (Poems, 1979, Oktober Forlag)
* Draken i solbærbuskane (Poems, 1982, Oktober Forlag)
* Blokka ungeberget (Book for Children, 1983, Oktober Forlag)
* Formalisten (Novel, 1984, Arbeidern Forlag)
* Filosofi, sa du. Ein Syklut (Poems, 1994, Aschehoug Forlag)
* Eit kjærleikstema (Poems, 1997, Aschehoug Forlag)
* Eit hus mellom andre (Poems, 2003, Aschehoug Forlag)
* Slutningar til knes (Poems, 2004, Aschehoug Forlag)
# Helge Rønning

Helge Rønning (born 1 September 1943) is a Norwegian literary researcher. He was born in Oslo. He was editor of the magazine Samtiden from 1979 to 1988, and was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1987. Among his research interests is African literature, Henrik Ibsen and the role of television.