# Alpha Zeta Omega

Alpha Zeta Omega (ΑΖΩ or AZO) is an American co-ed, pharmaceutical professional fraternity founded on December 19, 1919. It was originally known as the Dead Men's Club.

## History
### Origins

Alpha Zeta Omega was founded in Philadelphia, at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, which is now called the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. The leader and originator of this group was Ephraim G. Sless. The original members (also known as fraters) were:
* Harry Althouse
* Lawrence Rosenfeld
* Morris Arkans
* Abe M. Bernstein
* David Champaine
* David L. Dyen
* Stanley Rosenfeld
* Al Rosenfield
* Louis Snyder
* David Schwartz
* Morris Shuman
* Ephraim G. Sless
* Joshua Zimskind
These eleven men secretly started a pharmaceutical fraternity they dubbed the Dead Men's Club. Soon after its founding, Harry Althouse was added, and as its members then numbered twelve, the group was often referred to as "The Dozen". Later, Dr. Lawrence Rosenfeld, an eminent Philadelphia bacteriologist, also became a member, but the name of "The Dozen" persisted. Because of strenuous opposition to the formation of new organizations at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science by older fraternities and clubs, the newly formed Dead Men's Club would exist as a secret society for several years.
Alpha Zeta Omega was formed for academic support; the original stated goal was to ensure 100% graduation of its members. Members participated in a structured series of quizzes, designed and executed by the members most proficient in the particular subject under discussion. These frequent study sessions resulted in bringing together the social life of the members. In 1921, the Dead Men's Club boasted 100% graduation of its thirteen members. In addition to the original goal of "100% graduation" the purpose of the Fraternity is now designated chiefly as "to spread the spirit of Fraternalism, Brotherly Love, Friendship and Good Will towards Mankind."
The original constitution of AZO was drawn up by A.M. Bernstein and D.L. Dyen. Stanley Rosenfeld was elected the first "Supreme Directorum" (President) of the fraternity. The original thirteen members termed themselves the Alpha chapter. The Supreme chapter, consisting of the Supreme Officer and delegates from subordinate chapters, meets regularly twice a year in January and July. As the fraternity began to grow in its early years, it became necessary to hold a yearly convention. The first such affair took place at the Hotel Walton, Philadelphia in June 1922, with E. Fullerton Cook, chairman of the Pharmacopoeia Revision Committee, as guest and toastmaster.
After the Dead Men's Club founding members graduated, the group held its first official gathering at the home of Abe M. Bernstein. It was at this time decided to change the name of the organization to Alpha Zeta Omega Fraternity. In 1922, Alpha Zeta Omega Fraternity Supreme Chapter was officially incorporated under the laws of the State of Pennsylvania. The fraternity's yearly publication, Hazy-O, started in December 1922 and was edited by Si Sless.
At the 1925 Convention in Newark, NJ, the Philadelphia alumni chapter was chartered, which nullified the charter of the Alpha chapter. The Alpha fraters then became the charter members of the Philadelphia alumni chapter.
In 1937, the Ohio River Floods caused considerable damage to pharmacies owned by several members. An emergency session of the fraternity was called and a support drive was held to assist those members' businesses that were damaged or destroyed in the flood. In 1938, plans to offer insurance to the members of the fraternity were adopted, and when finalized, $100,000 worth of insurance was written.
In 1939, a Ladies Auxiliaries was established at several chapters for the wives of AZO fraters. At the Detroit Convention in 1940, a National Auxiliary was founded.
In 1961, the book 40 Years of AZO was published, detailing the history of AZO. Additional historical publications would follow, outlining the history of AZO from 1960 to 1970, and then again from 1970 to 1980. In the early 1970s, AZO began admitting women as members for the first time and thus became a co-ed fraternal organization.

## Symbols

The Greek letters AZO were chosen to represent:
* Alpha—the first letter in the Greek alphabet, representing the beginning of time
* Zeta—a mnemonic of the founder's names, a symbol of the link between the creation and eternity
* Omega—the last letter of the Greek alphabet, was taken to represent the end of time.
The fraternity's pin was designed by A. M. Bernstein, D. L. Dyen, M. Shuman, and E. G. Sless. The fraternity's shield and recognition pin was approved in 1924.

## Activities
### Conventions

Currently, two meetings are held each year—a National Convention in July and a Regional Convention in January. The AZOan is the fraternity's yearly publication. Its quarterly newsletter is AZO Apothecary.

### Awards

The fraternity has numerous awards. The Directorum's Cup was established in June 1926 and is awarded annually to a subordinate chapter for its excellent standing. The Newspaper Cup is awarded to subordinate chapters for chapter publications. The Meritorious Award is presented to a member for "long and distinguished activity on behalf of the fraternity". The Supreme Undergraduate Award is given to exceptional undergraduates annually at conventions. The S. I. Sless Award is presented to an undergraduate member for undergraduate service to the fraternity. The E. G. Sless Award is given to a member for long and distinguished service to the fraternity on the chapter level. The Achievement Medal is presented to a person (not necessarily a member) for "long and meritorious service to the Profession of Pharmacy". The Order of the Double Star is awarded to members "who attain positions of respect and importance within the Profession of Pharmacy".

### Charity

In June 1946, AZO presented funds for the pharmacy of the Hadassah Memorial Hospital in Palestine. This was part of the $15,000 pledged by the fraternity to build a pharmacy building at the hospital. In 1956, AZO took on as its cultural program, the task of raising money for the Hebrew University in Israel. The stated goal was to raise $100,000 in three years. The fraternity surpassed its goal and raised $103,000 in just two years.
In 1976, the founder of AZO, Ephraim G. Sless, died. In honor of their late founder, the membership began a campaign to establish scholarships across the United States and in Israel.
After the events of September 11, 2001, AZO started a project to benefit the Dean Street Heroes Fund, N.Y. Fire Dept., Engine Co. 219. After the devastation caused by Hurricane Maria to Puerto Rico, where one of AZO's chapters resides, a project was started to benefit the rebuilding of the territory.

## Governence

The fraternity is organized by chapters, each representing a specific pharmacy school or geographic area. Chapters may be formed by undergraduates and alumni, and in some instances are mixed, containing both undergraduate and graduate members.
The government has alternative names for their officers which follow:
* Directorum - President
* Sub-Directorum - Vice President
* Signare - Secretary
* ExCheque - Treasurer
* Bellarum - Sergeant of Arms

## Chapters
### Collegiate chapters

Following is a list of the undergraduate chapters of Alpha Zeta Omega. Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters are in italics.
| Chapter | Chartered date and range | Institution | Location | Status |
| Alpha (First) | December 19, 1919 – 1925 | Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Beta | 1925 | Philadelphia College of Pharmacy | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Gamma | 1921 | Temple University | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Delta | | McGill University | Montreal, Quebec | Inactive |
| Epsilon | 1923 | Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy | Piscataway, New Jersey | Active |
| Zeta | | Columbia University | New York City, New York | Inactive |
| Eta | 1924 | University of Cincinnati | Cincinnati, Ohio | Inactive |
| Theta (First) | | Case Western Reserve University | Cleveland, Ohio | Inactive |
| Iota | | Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy | Long Island, New York | Inactive |
| Kappa | 1923 | University of Maryland School of Pharmacy | Baltimore, Maryland | Inactive |
| Lambda | 1947–January 2016 | University of Louisville | Louisville, Kentucky | Inactive |
| Mu | | University of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Nu | 1928 | University of Connecticut | Storrs, Connecticut | Active |
| Xi | 1929 | Fordham University | Bronx, New York | Inactive |
| Omicron | 1930 | Detroit Institute of Technology | Detroit, Michigan | Inactive |
| Pi | 1931 | George Washington University and Howard University | Washington, D.C. | Inactive |
| Rho | 1942 | St. Louis College of Pharmacy | St. Louis, Missouri. | Active |
| Sigma | 1950 | University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences | Toledo, Ohio | Active |
| Tau | 1950 | Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences | Boston, Massachusetts | Active |
| Upsilon | 1950 | Northeastern University | Boston, Massachusetts | Inactive |
| Phi | 1951 | Wayne State University | Detroit, Michigan | Inactive |
| Psi | | Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy | West Palm Beach, Florida | Active |
| Omega | 1960 | Hebrew University of Jerusalem | Jerusalem, Israel | Inactive |
| Epsilon Chi | | University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Pharmacy | Kansas City, Missouri | Inactive |
| Zeta Phi | | University of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | Inactive |
| Eta Upsilon | | St. John's University College of Pharmacy | Queens, New York City, New York | Inactive |
| Theta Alpha | 1952 | Ohio Northern University | Ada, Ohio | Inactive |
| Theta Beta | | Ohio State University | Columbus, Ohio | Inactive |
| Nu Mu | | University of New Mexico | Albuquerque, New Mexico | Inactive |
| Omicron Alpha | | Ferris State University College of Pharmacy | Big Rapids, Michigan | Inactive |
| Omega Chi | 1949 | Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy | Richmond, Virginia | Inactive |
| Pi Rho | | University of Puerto Rico College of Pharmacy | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Active |
| Theta Gamma | 201x ? | University of Findlay | Findlay, Ohio | Active |
| Delta Tau | 201x ? | Western New England University College of Pharmacy | Springfield, Massachusetts | Active |
| Lambda Nu | 201x ? | University of New England College of Pharmacy | Portland, Maine | Active |
| Psi Beta | 201x ? | Nova Southeastern University | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Active |
| Rho Iota | 201x ? | University of Rhode Island | Kingston, Rhode Island | Active |

### Alumni chapters

Following is a list of the alumni chapters of Alpha Zeta Omega. Active chapters are indicated in bold. Inactive chapters are in italics.
| Chapter | Chartered date and range | Location | Status |
| Alpha (Second) | 1925 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Epsilon | 1923 | Piscataway, New Jersey | Active |
| Eta | 1924 | Cincinnati, Ohio | Active |
| Theta (Second) | | Cleveland, Ohio | Inactive |
| Kappa | 1923 | Baltimore, Maryland | Active |
| Lambda | 1947 – January 2016 | Louisville, Kentucky | Inactive |
| Mu | 1927 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Inactive |
| Nu | 1928 | Storrs, Connecticut | Inactive |
| Pi | 1931 | Washington, D.C. | Inactive |
| Rho | 1942 | St. Louis, Missouri | Inactive |
| Sigma | 1950 | Toledo, Ohio | Inactive |
| Tau | 1950 | Boston, Massachusetts | Active |
| Upsilon | 1950 | Boston, Massachusetts | Inactive |
| Phi | 1951 | Detroit, Michigan | Inactive |
| Chi | | Los Angeles, California | Inactive |
| Psi | | Miami, Florida | Inactive |
| Beta Alpha | | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | Inactive |
| Gamma Psi | | Phoenix, Arizona | Inactive |
| Delta Alpha | | Chicago, Illinois | Inactive |
| Epsilon Alpha / Western Florida | | Tampa, Florida | Inactive |
| Omicron Beta / Florida Tri-County | | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | Inactive |
| Omega Chi | 1949 | Richmond, Virginia | Inactive |
| Theta Gamma | | Findlay, Ohio | Inactive |
| Delta Tau | | Springfield, Massachusetts | Active |
| Virginia | | Norfolk, Virginia | Inactive |
| Connecticut | | Hartford, Connecticut | Inactive |
| Southern Connecticut | | Bridgeport, Connecticut | Inactive |
| New York | | New York City, New York | Active |
| AZO Philadelphia | | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Active |
| Puerto Rico | | San Juan, Puerto Rico | Active |