OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Randel Shakison

Randel Shakison (born 28 February, 1990) is a Dutch footballer in Amsterdam, Netherlands who currently plays for AFC in the Topklasse. Shakison made his Eerste Divisie league debut at Fortuna Sittard during the 2010–2011 season.
# Hoxnian Stage

The Hoxnian Stage was a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of the British Isles. It was an interglacial which preceded the Wolstonian Stage and followed the Anglian Stage. It is equivalent to Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11). Marine Isotope Stage 11 started 424,000 years ago and ended 374,000 years ago. The Hoxnian is divided into sub-stages Ho I to Ho IV. It is likely equivalent to the Holstein Interglacial in Central Europe.

## History

The Hoxnian Stage is named after Hoxne in the English county of Suffolk where some of the deposits created were first found. It was identified and dated with palynology or pollen evidence in the biostratigraphy and later updated with aminostratigraphic techniques. Based on stratigraphic information the Hoxnian happened after the Anglian glacial as Anglian soil is frequently found underneath Hoxnian deposits.

### Similarly timed interglacials

The Hoxnian stage has often been correlated to the Holstein Interglacial of northern Continental Europe and the Mindel-Riss Interglacial of the Alps. However, there is ambiguity regarding the correlation of these two interglacials to either MIS 11 or MIS 9, which is related to the MIS 12 / MIS 10 ambiguity described in more detail in the article 'Elster glaciation'. Recent luminenscence
The Hoxnian stage has also been equated to the Yarmouthian (Yarmouth) Stage in North America. However, the Yarmouthian Stage, along with the Kansan, Nebraskan, and Aftonian stages, have been abandoned by North American Quaternary geologists and merged into the Pre-Illinoian Stage. At this time, the Hoxnian and Holstein stages are correlated with a brief part of the Pre-Illinoian Stage lying between the Pre-Illinoian A and Pre-Illinoian B glaciations of North America.

### Humans

During the Hoxnian human activity was constrained by the dense forests so humans travelled along rivers and created settlements in valleys. The Beeches Pit site revealed humans possibly selected sites rich with flint for toolmaking.

## Environment

The Hoxnian is an interglacial phase meaning the warm periods in between glacial periods. Interglacial phases are heavily vegetated with woodlands interspersed with open areas. Site deposits are often found over Anglian soil which dates to MIS 12. Most sites have been found in valleys with signs of river deposits. During the interglacial the valleys would have been surrounded by dense forests.

### Hoxnian sites

Beeches Pit, West Stow, Suffolk is a site dated to MIS 11 and under 40 km from other sites for the Lower Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic. Beeches Pit is considered a site of special interest because not only were shells and plant remains found but animal bones that were burnt. The sites around Hitchin, Hertfordshire are associated with lakes caused by the melting of glaciers that settled in holes. When archaeologists dug up the sites they found dense soil full of gravel. The gravel is hypothesized to come from the creation of hand axes. At Marks Tey, Essex the lake soil was rich with pollen spanning all of the Hoxnian and remnants of gravel and artefacts.
# 2010 in Chad

Events in the year 2010 in Chad.

## Incumbents

* President: Idriss Déby
* Prime Minister: Youssouf Saleh Abbas (until March 5th), Emmanuel Nadingar (from March 5th onwards)

## Events
### January

* January 15 – The Chadian Civil War (2005–2010) ends.

### May

* May 14 – Chad gives The United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) access to information about its nuclear programs and involvements.
* May 26 – UN peacekeeping forces agree to pull out of Chad by the end of the year.

### July

* July 21 – Chadian government refuses to arrest Sudanese president, Omar al-Bashir, despite being legally obligated to arrest the figure with a warrant out for his arrest.
* July-September – Flooding in Chad causes 70,000 people to be displaced from their homes.

### November

* Chad continues to struggle against a Cholera outbreak, hitting 5,000 total recorded cases in the country.
# Paul Mauch

Paul Mauch (8 May 1897 – 15 July 1924) was a German international footballer.
# Pea Patch

Pea Patch, Peapatch and P-Patch may refer to:
* Peapatch, Virginia
* Peapatch, West Virginia
* Pea Patch Island
* P-Patch, community garden plots in Seattle
# President's trophy (Finland)

President's Trophy is a Finnish ice hockey award given by the Honorary Chairman of the Finnish Ice Hockey Association, Kai Hietaranta, to a person who has made an impressive impact on ice hockey in Finland.

## Winners

* 1993–94 – Jari Kurri
* 1994–95 – Timo Jutila
* 1995–96 – Hannu Virta
* 1996–97 – Jarmo Myllys
* 1997–98 – Teemu Selänne
* 1998–99 – Saku Koivu
* 1999–00 – Esa Tikkanen
* 2000–01 – Raimo Helminen
* 2001–02 – Janne Ojanen
* 2002–03 – not awarded
* 2003–04 – Päivi Halonen
* 2004–05 – Ville Peltonen
* 2005–06 – Erkka Westerlund
* 2006–07 – not awarded
* 2007–08 – not awarded
* 2008–09 – Sami Kapanen
* 2009–10 – Janne Ojanen
* 2010–11 – Mikael Granlund
* 2011–12 – Mikko Koivu
* 2012–13 – Antti Raanta
* 2013–14 – Teuvo Teräväinen
* 2014–15 – Ville Nieminen
* 2015–16 – Jesse Puljujärvi
* 2016–17 – Patrik Laine
* 2017–18 – Riikka Sallinen
* 2018–19 – Kaapo Kakko
* 2019–20 – not awarded
* 2020–21 – not awarded
* 2021–22 – Valtteri Filppula
# Paw Paw High School

Paw Paw High School may refer to:
* Paw Paw High School (Illinois)
* Paw Paw High School (Michigan)
* Paw Paw High School (West Virginia)
# Preakness Stud

Preakness Stud was the Thoroughbred horse racing and breeding operation established by Medway, Massachusetts businessman Milton H. Sanford in the Preakness section of Wayne, New Jersey at what today is the corner of Valley Road and Preakness Avenue.
Milton Sanford named one of his horses Preakness who won the first running of the Dinner Party Stakes and for whom the Preakness Stakes is named.

## Kentucky stud farm

Milton Sanford expanded his breeding operation to the Bluegrass region of Kentucky with the acquisition of the 544-acre (2.20 km$^2$) North Elkborn Stock Farm in Lexington which he renamed the Preakness Stud. One of his stallions at stud in Kentucky was Virgil, who sired Kentucky Derby winners Hindoo, Ben Ali and Vagrant, plus Preakness Stakes winner, Vanguard, and the champion 2-year-old colt, Tremont. In 1881, the sixty-eight-year-old Milton Sanford sold the Kentucky Preakness stud and its fifty-nine horses to Daniel Swigert who renamed it Elmendorf Farm.

## James Galway

Preakness Stud was purchased by James Galway in 1881. A prominent businessman and a member of the Board of Stewards of The Jockey Club, he raced under the nom de course Preakness Stables. In 1890, he won the Preakness Stakes with Montague trained by Edward Feakes. Galway worked to improve the Stud's breeding operation that would produce the 1895 Preakness and Belmont Stakes winner, Belmar.
# Preakuammicine

Preakuammicine is a terpene indole alkaloid. Preakuammicine is thought to be formed from 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine and lead to synthesis of stemmadenine. The enzymes involved in preakuammicine formation and those which use it as a substrate are currently unknown.
# Prim, el asesinato de la calle del Turco

Prim, el asesinato de la calle del Turco is a Spanish television film directed by Miguel Bardem recreating the magnicide of Juan Prim in 1870. It originally aired on 15 December 2014 on La 1.

## Premise

Narrated by Benito Pérez Galdós, a young journalist at the time the events take place, the fiction accounts for the political intrigues and conspiracies in the last year of the life of General Prim, prime minister of Spain, who had to find a suitable candidate to the country's throne. It involves all the prime suspects behind Prim's murder, an unsolved case up to this date. Prim's carriage was shot in the Calle del Turco [es] on 28 December 1870. Wounded in the assassination attempt, Prim would die two days later.

## Cast

* Francesc Orella as Juan Prim, Prime Minister of Spain also serving as Minister of War.
* Javier Godino as Benito Pérez Galdós, a young Canarian journalist.
* Pedro Casablanc as Felipe de Solís y Campuzano, Montpensier's confidant and personal secretary.
* Daniel Grao as José María Pastor, General Serrano's security chief.
* Víctor Clavijo as José Paúl y Angulo [es], a Republican politician, Prim's enemy.
* Javivi as Antonio de Orleans, Duke of Montpensier.
* Simón Andreu as Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Regent of Spain.
* Manolo Solo as Juan José González Nandín, Prim's personal secretary.
* Yuriria del Valle as Francisca "Paca" Agüero, Prim's Mexican wife.
* Enrique Villén as Moya.
* Pepe Lorente as Bravo.
* Itsaso Arana as Josefa.
* Secun de la Rosa as Gaspar Ruiz.
* Luis Bermejo as Rojo Arias.
* José Luis Alcobendas [es] as Felipe Ducazcal y Lasheras [es], the leader of the "Partida de la Porra".
* Alfonso Lara [es] as Montesinos.
* Carmen Segarra as Doña Encarna.
* Jesús Noguero as López.
* Paco Marín [es] as Sostrada.
* David Pinilla as Topete.
* Francisco Olmo as Don Bernardo.

## Production and release

A Televisión Española co-production together with Shine Iberia, Televisió de Catalunya and Dream Team Concept, the TV movie was written by Nacho Faerna and Virginia Yagüe and directed by Miguel Bardem. It was created on occasion of the 200th anniversary of Joan Prim's birth.
The movie was pre-screened at the Festival Internacional de Cine de San Sebastián. Gregorio de la Fuente Monge and José Álvarez Junco collaborated as historical advisors. Aired in prime time on La 1 on 15 December 2014, the telefilm earned a 13.2% audience share and 2,491,000 viewers.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| 2015 | Zapping Awards | Best Actor | Francesc Orella | Won | |
| 2015 | 3rd MiM Series Awards [es] | Best Miniseries or TV Movie | Best Miniseries or TV Movie | Won | |
# Prim

Prim may refer to:

## People

* Prim (given name)
* Prim (surname)

## Places

* Prim, Virginia, unincorporated community in King George County
* Dolní Přím, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic
* Přím, a village and part of Javornice in the Czech Republic
* Saint-Prim, commune in Isère, France
* Prim (Neckar), river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, tributary of the Neckar
* Prims, river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, tributary of the Saar

## Other

* Prim, a type of tamburica (musical instrument)
* Prim or Primost, a Norwegian cheese
* Prim, abbreviation for Primitive Methodist
* Prim's algorithm for minimum spanning tree, developed by Robert C. Prim
* PRIM (watches), a Czech trademark
* Graham Street Prims F.C., football club in Derby, England
* In computers, a geometric primitive, or prim, is a simple shape used in 3D modeling to build into more complex objects.
** A Sculpted prim, in Second Life, is a 3D parametric object whose 3D shape is determined by a texture, more advanced than the game's geometric primitives
* Presence and Instant Messaging or PRIM, a proposed standard protocol for instant messaging
* Prim, inferred to as the "darkness behind everything" in Stephen King's novels
* Prim Everdeen, a character in the Hunger Games trilogy
# Preston Wadley

Preston Wadley (born 1952 in Los Angeles, CA) is an American multimedia artist based in Seattle, Washington.

## Early life and education

Wadley moved to Seattle from his hometown of Los Angeles to study with Jacob Lawrence. He received a BFA and MFA in painting from the University of Washington. After school he worked as a medical photographer at Seattle Children's Hospital.

## Career

Wadley's artwork is similar to sculptural assemblage, embedding photographs in bronze casts of books. His work explores complexities around American history and symbols of social psychology. He has taught at Cornish College of the Arts since the mid-1990s. Wadley was one of the figures depicted in Gary Hill's Tall Ships installation.
His work has been exhibited in solo exhibitions at Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle, WA, Schneider Gallery in Chicago, IL, Blue Sky Gallery in Portland, OR, the Center for Photography at Woodstock, Woodstock, NY, and Henry Art Gallery Seattle, WA. His work has been included in many group exhibitions including at Bainbridge Island Museum of Art.
He won a New Works award from En Foco NYC, a National Endowment for the Arts Goodwill Festival Award, and was an artist in residence at the Center for Photography at Woodstock.
# Prestwich by-election, 1918

Prestwich by-election, 1918 may refer to:
* January 1918 Prestwich by-election
* October 1918 Prestwich by-election
# Pretoro

Pretoro (locally Pretèure) is a town of about 1,100 inhabitants situated in Majella National Park, in the province of Chieti, Abruzzo, southern Italy. It is located on a steep hillside on the eastern side of the Maiella mountains. Its proximity to Passo Lanciano-La Majelletta ski area, guarantees the availability of winter sports, while the town is also only 20 minutes by car from the Adriatic Sea. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

## History

The area in which Pretoro is located has been occupied since prehistoric times; remains from that period have been found here, as well as inscriptions in Latin from the Roman era. The first documented mention of the town is in a 12th-century record. Pretoro's name may derive from the word "preta", an earlier form of the word "pietra" or stone. The town stands on a rocky landscape that does not lend itself to farming. Because the town is surrounded by beech-forest, the people of Pretoro have specialized over the centuries in woodcarving.

## Main sights

Pretoro is composed of a cluster of stone buildings which climb the steep mountainside; the oldest part of the town is at the highest point, while down below is a newer section.
The 13th century Sanctuary of the Madonna della Mazza is located a little above the town. This was a hermitage built by Benedictine and Cistercian monks from Santa Maria Arabona at Manoppello. A work of art is the 16th century sculpture of the Pietà preserved in the church of San Nicola.
Within the town's territory is a nature preserve, the Riserva Naturale Valle del Foro.

## People

* Maria Pellegrini, operatic soprano
# Pretrial Intervention Program

The Pretrial Intervention Program (PTI) is a program targeted at providing first-time offenders charged with non-violent crimes with an opportunity to avoid the crippling consequences often associated with a felony criminal conviction, and attempts to relieve some of the burden on the criminal justice system caused by such offenders. The program renders early rehabilitative services and aims to deter future criminal behavior. Many states have similar programs employed under a variety of names.

## Program

In New Jersey, the program allows eligible first-time offenders who have (typically) been charged with certain third- or fourth-degree crimes to seek admission into the program. If granted, defendants are placed under court supervision for a period lasting between one and three years. During this probationary period, the participant may be subject to random urine monitoring, fines, and other penalties depending on the nature of the alleged criminal action. Successful completion of the PTI program is often contingent upon performance of community service, timely payment of restitution, and/or strict compliance with the requirements of a prescribed treatment regimen. These treatments may include psychological counseling, drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs, and other recovery services.
Successful completion of the PTI program requirements results in the complete expungement of the criminal charges that would have otherwise become a part of the defendant's criminal record, had they entered a guilty plea or been convicted at trial. This benefit can be extraordinarily valuable in terms of the increased range of accessible opportunities for new jobs, housing, etc. when compared to the highly restricted opportunities presented to persons living with the stigma of a felony conviction on their records.
The New Jersey Pretrial Application form consists of two pages.

### Standard Conditions of PTI

There are "standard" conditions that apply to all NJ PTI participants.
Standard PTI conditions include the following:
* Remain arrest-free - you cannot pick up new charges;
* You must report to your probation officer;
* You must be honest with your probation officer;
* Your probation must be allowed to visit you;
* You must report any address change;
* You must seek permission to move out of state;
* You must maintain employment;
* You must cooperate with any treatment your probation officer deems necessary

### Special Conditions of PTI

In addition to the standard conditions discussed above, you may have "special conditions" placed on you.
Special conditions include the following:
* Loss of driving privileges;
* Drug testing;
* Alcohol testing;
* Drug Counseling;
* Alcohol Counseling;
* Psychological testing;
* Psychological Counseling
In 2014, American football running back, Ray Rice, was granted PTI despite being indicted on third degree assault. This result occurs in less than 1% of domestic assault charges.
# 2011 Camparini Gioielli Cup – Trofeo Pompea

The 2011 Camparini Gioielli Cup – Trofeo pompea was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was part of the 2011 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Reggio Emilia, Italy between 9 and 15 May 2011.

## WTA entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| BLR | Anastasiya Yakimova | 103 | 1 |
| GER | Sabine Lisicki | 132 | 2 |
| AUS | Sophie Ferguson | 136 | 3 |
| FRA | Olivia Sanchez | 142 | 4 |
| AUS | Sally Peers | 148 | 5 |
| USA | Sloane Stephens | 151 | 6 |
| SUI | Stefanie Vögele | 152 | 7 |
| LUX | Mandy Minella | 153 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of May 2, 2011.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Bianca Botto
* Giulia Gatto-Monticone
* Monica Puig
* Federica Quercia
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Ana Clara Duarte
* Claudia Giovine
* Sina Haas
* Anne Schäfer
The following players received entry by a lucky loser spot:
* Maria Elena Camerin
* Evelyn Mayr

## Champions
### Singles

Sloane Stephens def. Anastasiya Yakimova, 6–3, 6–1

### Doubles

Sophie Ferguson / Sally Peers def. Claudia Giovine / María Irigoyen, 6–4, 6–1.
# 2011 Camparini Gioielli Cup – Trofeo Pompea – Doubles

This was a new event to the ITF Women's Circuit in 2011.
Sophie Ferguson and Sally Peers defeated Claudia Giovine and María Irigoyen in the final 6–4, 6–1.

## Seeds

* Marina Erakovic / Sloane Stephens (quarterfinals)
* Ekaterina Bychkova / Vitalia Diatchenko (semifinals)
* Claudia Giovine / María Irigoyen (final)
* Sophie Ferguson / Sally Peers (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| | | | | | 1 | M Erakovic S Stephens | 6$^3$ | 3 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Lisicki A Tomljanović | 6 | 6 | | | S Lisicki A Tomljanović | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | E Mayr J Mayr | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | S Lisicki A Tomljanović | 6 | 3 | [6] | | | | |
| 3 | C Giovine M Irigoyen | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | C Giovine M Irigoyen | 4 | 6 | [10] | | | | |
| | G Sussarello S Sussarello | 3 | 0 | | 3 | C Giovine M Irigoyen | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Cadanţu E Dabija | 6 | 6 | | | A Cadanţu E Dabija | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Enache L Ungur | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | C Giovine M Irigoyen | 4 | 1 |
| | B Botto E Ivanova | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | S Ferguson S Peers | 6 | 6 |
| | K Barbat L Kerkhove | 6 | 6 | | | K Barbat L Kerkhove | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Gatto-Monticone F Quercia | 3 | 6 | [8] | 4 | S Ferguson S Peers | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | S Ferguson S Peers | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | 4 | S Ferguson S Peers | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | C Castaño S Klemenschits | 2 | 4 | | | | | | | 2 | E Bychkova V Diatchenko | 1 | 4 | | | | | |
| | D Harmsen M Melnikova | 6 | 6 | | | D Harmsen M Melnikova | 6 | 5 | [3] | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | E Bychkova V Diatchenko | 2 | 7 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
# Primm Valley Golf Club

Primm Valley Golf Club is a part of the Primm Valley Resort and is located south of Primm, Nevada in San Bernardino County, California.
The Golf Club includes the Lakes Course and the Desert Course.

## History

In 2007, the club was host to the inaugural World Series of Golf tournament.
# Pehr Ferdinand Holm

Pehr Ferdinand Holm (3 April 1844–30 March 1917) was a New Zealand mariner and shipowner. He was born in Arboga, Sweden on 3 April 1844.
Holm and his wife are commemorated by a large window in the Wellington Cathedral of St Paul.
After his death his business was continued by his sons under the name Holm & Co.
# Forest Hill, Gauteng

Forest Hill is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

## History

Forest Hill was surveyed in 1897 and the suburb was proclaimed in 1903 developed by Leslie John Elderkin and the suburb name originates after the red gum trees in the area.
# Rogojevac, Kragujevac

Rogojevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Рогојевац) is a village in the Kragujevac city area in the Šumadija District, Serbia. According to the 2011 census there were 394 inhabitants. Bronze Age graves of nomads from the steppes of Russia were found in the village vicinity.
# Athamanes

Athamanes may refer to:
* Athamanes, Karditsa, a municipal unit in Karditsa regional unit, Greece
* Athamanians, an ancient tribe
# Gadzi

Gadzi is a sub-prefecture in the Central African Republic.

## History

In 2002, the locality becomes chief town of one of the seven sub-prefectures of Mambéré-Kadéï, resulting from a division of the sub-prefecture of Carnot. In April 2022 series of intercommunal clashes involving 3R rebels and pro-government faction of Anti-balaka led to dozens of deaths and displacement of more than 1,000 people in Gadzi.

## Administration

The sub-prefecture is made up of the two communes of Topia and Mbali. The town of Gadzi has 6,500 inhabitants in 2014 and depends on the municipality of Topia.
# Bowden Golf Course

Bowden Golf Course, known formally as Charles L. Bowden Golf Course, is a golf course located in Macon, Georgia.

## History

The course was designed in 1938 by John C. Cotton, a Macon professional golfer, and built by labor supplied by the Works Progress Administration on the site of a former airfield in east Macon, known as Miller Field. Most of the growth in golf courses between 1933 and 1942 came from New Deal initiatives, changing the face of golf in the United States. By early 1937, more than $12 million of work at about 368 courses had been completed throughout the country. Macon was able to take advantage of this program, securing $55,000 of the $70,000 needed to develop the course. The local Junior Chamber of Commerce raised much of the rest through contributions and the sale of memberships.
The course was completed in September 1940. The property consisted of approximately 229 acres with an 18-hole course, a driving range and a putting green. Several cobblestone benches that were installed when the course was built are still present at some tees. New structures, including a replacement clubhouse, a golf cart shed, and maintenance buildings, were built in the 1970s and are not historically significant. Holes 1 and 10 are at the site of the former Miller Field.
In 1961, Bowden Golf Course became the first public facility in Macon to become racially integrated. In March 2015 the course was added to the National Register of Historic Places.