OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles William Johnson

Charles William Johnson (May 19, 1891 – April 10, 1985) was a Canadian politician from the province of Saskatchewan.

## Political career

Johnson was elected in Willow Bunch at the 1929 Saskatchewan general election as a Liberal. He was re-elected in 1934.
When his constituency was abolished in 1938, he sat for Notukeu-Willow Bunch until 1944

## Electoral record

1929 Saskatchewan general election: Willow Bunch electoral district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles William Johnson | 4,423 | 50.61% | - |
| | Conservative | William James Gibbins | 4,316 | 49.39% | - |
| Total | Total | Total | 8,739 | 100.00% | |
1934 Saskatchewan general election: Willow Bunch electoral district :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles William Johnson | 2,448 | 47.88% | -2.73 |
| | Conservative | Edgar B. Linnell | 1,445 | 28.27% | -21.12 |
| | Farmer-Labour | Charles Morley W. Emery | 1,219 | 23.85% | – |
| Total | Total | Total | 5,112 | 100.00% | |
1938 Saskatchewan general election: Notukeu-Willow Bunch :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | Charles William Johnson | 3,659 | 48.03% | – |
| | CCF | John E. Lidgett | 2,859 | 37.53% | – |
| | Social Credit | George W.S. Eisnor | 1,100 | 14.44% | – |
| Total | Total | Total | 7,618 | 100.00% | |
# Puntillita

Manuel "Puntillita" Licea (Manuel Licea Lamut; January 4, 1921 in Yareyal, Holguín – December 4, 2000 in Havana) was a Cuban popular singer. Puntillita was active in the 1940s and 1950s, and later gained notice when he joined other elderly Cuban musicians to form the Afro-Cuban All Stars and the associated group of singers who recorded the Buena Vista Social Club with American guitarist Ry Cooder.

## Career

Puntillita was a member of the Hermanos Licea in the 1940s in Camagüey. He began singing with the Orquesta Escorcia, and played percussion in the Orquesta Tentación. In 1945 he went to Havana to sing in trumpeter Julio Cueva's band. He got his nickname from Son de la puntillita, which he sang with this band. He went on to achieve huge popularity in the 1950s as a soloist on Radio Cadena Habana. In Mexico City he performed at El Patio, singing with Celia Cruz and Beny Moré. With the conjunto Gloria Matancera he played at the Cabaret Antillano.
In the 1990s, Juan de Marcos González approached Puntillita to join the Afro-Cuban All Stars, which featured many musicians from Havana's pre-revolutionary era. He toured Colombia and Europe with the group. Puntillita was also later asked by Gonzalez to appear with Ry Cooder in the Buena Vista Social Club. Puntillita sang with Ibrahim Ferrer and guitarist Eliades Ochoa on Cuarto de Tula and sang lead on La Bayamesa, the Cuban national anthem. The record won a Grammy in 1998. He died in 2000, aged 79.
# BESD

BESD may refer to:
* Balsz Elementary School District, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
* Bayshore Elementary School District, San Mateo County, California, United States
* Box Elder School District, Box Elder County, Utah, United States
* Brawley Elementary School District, Brawley, California, United States
* Burlington-Edison School District, Skagit County, Washington, United States
# Intermediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte

The Intermediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte (code 3101) is one of the 13 intermediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 134 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.
It comprises 74 municipalities, distributed in 5 immediate geographic regions:
* Immediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte.
* Immediate Geographic Region of Sete Lagoas.
* Immediate Geographic Region of Santa Bárbara-Ouro Preto.
* Immediate Geographic Region of Curvelo.
* Immediate Geographic Region of Itabira.
# Iowa's 12th House of Representatives district

The 12th District of the Iowa House of Representatives in the state of Iowa. It currently comprises Ida and Crawford Counties, as well as part of Shelby County.

## Current elected officials

Steven Holt is the representative currently representing the district.

## Past representatives

The district has previously been represented by:
* Luvern W. Kehe, 1971–1973
* Lowell Norland, 1973–1983
* Josephine Gruhn, 1983–1993
* Don Gries, 1993–1999
* Clarence Hoffman, 1999–2003
* Linda Upmeyer, 2003–2013
* Dan Muhlbauer, 2013–2015
* Brian Best, 2015–2023
# List of highways numbered 77A

The following highways are numbered 77A:

## United States

* County Road 77A (Bay County, Florida)
** County Road 77A (Washington County, Florida)
* New York State Route 77A (former)
** County Route 77A (Suffolk County, New York)
* Oklahoma State Highway 77A (former)
# Maya language (disambiguation)

A Mayan language is one of a group of languages spoken by the Mayan people of Mesoamerica.
Mayan language may also refer to:

## America

* Yucatec Maya language or Maya, a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula
* Pisabo language or Maya, found in the Amazon basin of Peru and Brazil
* Maya language (Brazil), perhaps one of the Panoan languages
* Maya script, ancient written Mayan
** Mayan Numerals (Unicode block)

## Africa

* Maya language (Nigeria), a Niger-Congo language of Nigeria
* Yendang languages of eastern Nigeria, also called Maya languages

## Asia

* Maiya language, a Kohistani variety of Pakistan

## Papua

* Maia language, a Madang language of Papua New Guinea
* Ma'ya language, an Austronesian language of Southwest Papua, Indonesia

## Australia

* Maya language (Australia), scarcely attested
* Badimaya language or Parti-Maya, an aboriginal language of Australia
* Mayi-Kutuna language, an aboriginal language of Australia

## Computers

* Maya Embedded Language, the language used in the Autodesk Maya software, also known as MEL
# House of the Silver Wedding

The House of the Silver Wedding is the name given to the archaeological remains of a Roman house in Pompeii, buried in the ash from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The house was excavated in 1893 and was named after the silver wedding anniversary of Umberto I of Italy and Margherita of Savoy, which took place in that year.
The paintings in the house were fully published in one volume in 2002. The publication was part of a project by the German Archaeological Institute to record houses in Pompeii.

## Description

The house is in the last side street off Via Vesuvio, next to an as-yet unexcavated part of the site. Built in the 2nd century BC and renovated in the early 1st century AD, it was the domus of a wealthy resident. Its architecture is classical and it bears fine decoration in the atrium, which has four tall Corinthian columns supporting the roof and an elegantly ornamented exedra. It is generally considered to be the finest tetrastyle atrium in the city, with its compluviate roof with palmette antefixes and lion-headed gutter spouts.
There are two gardens: the largest with a central pool and a triclinium; the other with a bath-house, open-air swimming pool, kitchen, and a living room that has a mosaic floor, wall paintings and a barrel-vaulted ceiling supported by four octagonal columns decorated in imitation of porphyry.
# Mawshah

Mawshah is a village in eastern Yemen. It is located in the Hadhramaut Governorate.
# Johnson's SU-distribution

The Johnson's S$_U$-distribution is a four-parameter family of probability distributions first investigated by N. L. Johnson in 1949. Johnson proposed it as a transformation of the normal distribution:
    $z=\gamma +\delta \sinh ^{-1}\left({\frac {x-\xi }{\lambda }}\right)$
where $z\sim {\mathcal {N}}(0,1)$.

## Generation of random variables

Let U be a random variable that is uniformly distributed on the unit interval [0, 1]. Johnson's S$_U$ random variables can be generated from U as follows:
    $x=\lambda \sinh \left({\frac {\Phi ^{-1}(U)-\gamma }{\delta }}\right)+\xi$
where Φ is the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.

## Johnson's S$_B$-distribution

N. L. Johnson firstly proposes the transformation :
    $z=\gamma +\delta \log \left({\frac {x-\xi }{\xi +\lambda -x}}\right)$
where $z\sim {\mathcal {N}}(0,1)$.
Johnson's S$_B$ random variables can be generated from U as follows:
    $y={\left(1+{e}^{-\left(z-\gamma \right)/\delta }\right)}^{-1}$
    $x=\lambda y+\xi$
The S$_B$-distribution is convenient to Platykurtic distributions (Kurtosis). To simulate S$_U$, sample of code for its density and cumulative distribution function is available here

## Applications

Johnson's $S_{U}$-distribution has been used successfully to model asset returns for portfolio management. This comes as a superior alternative to using the Normal distribution to model asset returns. An R package, JSUparameters, was developed in 2021 to aid in the estimation of the parameters of the best-fitting Johnson's $S_{U}$-distribution for a given dataset. Johnson distributions are also sometimes used in option pricing, so as to accommodate an observed volatility smile; see Johnson binomial tree.
An alternative to the Johnson system of distributions is the quantile-parameterized distributions (QPDs). QPDs can provide greater shape flexibility than the Johnson system. Instead of fitting moments, QPDs are typically fit to empirical CDF data with linear least squares.
Johnson's $S_{U}$-distribution is also used in the modelling of the invariant mass of some heavy mesons in the field of B-physics.
# Johnson's Russia List

Johnson's Russia List (JRL) is an email newsletter containing Russia-related news and analysis in English. David Johnson is the list's editor. Johnson's Russia List generally comes out one time per day. Johnson's Russia List's content includes articles syndicated from other media outlets, as well as comments contributed by its readers. The JRL is a nonprofit project currently sponsored through the Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies (IERES) at The George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs. It was previously a project at the Center for Defense Information and World Security Institute.
# Buturović Polje

Buturović Polje (Cyrillic: Бутуровић Поље) is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 348.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 343 | 98.6% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.3% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 1.1% |
| Total | 348 | 100% |

## Sport

Buturović Polje has a football club called FK Klis Buturović Polje .
# Jointed-boiler locomotive

A jointed-boiler locomotive was a variant of the Mallet articulated locomotive, in which a flexible coupling was introduced midway along the length of the boiler casing, which allowed the boiler to bend laterally when the locomotive was on curved track.
Six such locomotives, all of 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement, were built for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad in 1910 and 1911. The first one built, number 1157, was assembled by the AT&SF in their Topeka shops from two 2-6-2’s (numbers 1051 and 1125). All the rest were built new by Baldwin Locomotive Works.

## Design

In a conventional Mallet, the rigid boiler is fixed to the rearmost of the two engine frames, with the front of the boiler supported on a sliding bearing over the pivoting front engine such that when the locomotive traverses a curved track, the front (smokebox) end of the boiler overhangs toward the outside of the curve. The jointed boiler, with the front half rigidly fixed to the front engine, eliminated this overhang. This new design was intended to reduce track wear, especially on curves where the outer rail carried a greater load, and to improve the riding characteristics of the locomotive.

## Construction

The two boiler sections served different functions: The rearmost section with the firebox generated and superheated the steam. The forward section contained a reheater (for low-pressure steam serving the front engine), feedwater heater and smokebox. The large flexible joint in the boiler casing carried only combustion gases, at or slightly below atmospheric pressure. Steam and water to the front section were delivered by pipes external to the main casing, with pivoting elbows in high-pressure steam lines, and hoses in water lines, as flexible connections.
Two designs of the large flexible coupling were used:
* A double ball joint assembly consisting of cast iron sleeves, fitted one within the other and provided with compression straps to keep the joints air-tight while allowing lateral movement.
* A bellows joint, similar to a concertina, consisted of several pairs of concentric tapered steel rings, each riveted to its neighbor along alternating inside and outside edges. This design proved less successful because coal cinders would accumulate in the folds and force the seams open when the bellows was compressed. These were soon replaced with ball joints.

## Performance

The locos worked well enough that they remained in service for 15 to 18 years, but the hoped-for improvements in riding and track wear were not as good as had been hoped. The complicated construction required high maintenance, and no further examples were built. Jointed boilers were however included in Baldwin's patented but unbuilt 1913 proposals for massive 2-8-8-8-8-2 quadruplex and 2-8-8-8-8-8-2 quintuplex locomotives.
# Joke Master Jr.: For Ages 3–12

Joke Master Jr.: For Ages 3–12 is an album by American comedian, comedy writer and radio personality Jackie Martling. The album was released on November 7, 2006, in both CD and MP3 formats on the Oglio Records label.

## Description

The MP3 format contains nine "Lots of Fun" tracks, each of them playing eleven jokes for a grand total of 99. The jokes are for children ages three to twelve years.

## Background

In 1979, Martling issued his debut LP, What Did You Expect? He released two more albums, 1980's Goin' Ape! and 1981's Normal People Are People You Don't Know That Well. Martling sent all three records to fledgling New York City disk jockey Howard Stern. By 1986, he was a full-time member of Stern's show, later becoming the program's head writer. Martling maintained a steady schedule of live dates while working with Stern, recording Sgt. Pecker, F Jackie, and The Very Best of Jackie Martling's Talking Joke Book Cassettes, Vol. 1. Joke Master Jr. is the ninth CD in Martling's comedic career.
In 2006, Martling had successfully launched the Joke Master Jr. series of handheld joke machines by selling approximately 50,000 units through mainstream retailers across the country. As Martling explains, recording tracks for the Joke Master Jr. and Gross Master Jr. CDs was a natural extension of his creative effort:
   I made a kids talking joke machine, with my voice sped up for "the chipmunk effect," and I think the kids will go nuts for it. A CD with the jokes was a logical next step. ...I know and love jokes of all kinds. Many of the jokes on these two CDs are the classic jokes we all eventually learned as kids. But the jokes on these CDs are the end product of an exhaustive search that includes all of them and then some.
# Rushford Township, Walsh County, North Dakota

Rushford Township is a township in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States.
# C8H5NO3

The molecular formula C$_8$H$_5$NO$_3$ (molar mass: 163.13 g/mol, exact mass: 163.0269 u) may refer to:
* N-Hydroxyphthalimide
* Isatoic anhydride
# Al Qushashiyah

Al Qushashiyah is a village in Makkah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.
# Albert Dent

Albert Dent may refer to:
* Albert W. Dent (1904–1984), administrator of Dillard University and Flint-Goodridge Hospital in New Orleans
* Albert Dent, British naval officer for whom Dent Island (Queensland) was named
# Albert Demuyser

Albert-Joseph-Léon "Bob" Demuyser (Laeken, 3 September 1920 – Uccle, 15 June 2003) was a Belgian artist and racehorse owner. In his work, he had a preference for natural-looking images of horses.

## Artistic career
### From 1980 to 1983

Norcliffe – Gap of Dunloe – Sharpman – Trepan – Sharafaz – Raja Baba – Vitriolic – Étalon Anglais – Le Laboureur – Playfull River (1982) – Our Talisman – Top Command – Hawkin's Special – Shirley Heights (1982) – Cadoudal – Concertino – Assert (1982) – Is It Safe – Peire (1983) – Never have Mercy – Northern Baby (1983) – Toscanito
Signature : Demuyser

### From 1984 to 1997

Realm Sound – Gap of Dunloe – Prince Rose – Rare Stone – Northjet – Noblequest (1985) – Wouter Raphorst – Chief Singer (1985) – Hegor The Horrible – Lou Piguet – Flash of Steel – Crystal So – Mr. Paganini – Northern Sound – Master Reef – Danehill's foal – Le Labrador – Knight Moves (1993) – Daggers drawn (1997) – Garuda (Yearling) – Crying Knight – The farrier – Be My Best
Signature : Demuyser Bob

## Gallery
### Oil on canvas

* Prince Rose (Hervé Denaigre)
* Lou Piguet
* Our talisman
* Gap of Dunloe
* Norcliffe
* Shirley Heights
* The farrier
* The Labrador retriever

### Publications

* 1983 - 1984 - 1985
* Concertino
* Prince Rose
* Prince Rose
# Byron Moffatt Britton

Byron Moffatt Britton (September 3, 1833 – November 19, 1920) was a Canadian politician, lawyer and lecturer. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1896 election to represent the riding of Kingston. He was re-elected in 1900.
The son of Daniel Britton and Nancy Moffatt, both Americans who had come to Upper Canada, he was educated at Victoria University in Cobourg, studied law in Toronto and Belleville and was called to the bar in 1859. Britton set up practice in Kingston. In 1875, he was named Queen's Counsel. He was Crown Attorney for Frontenac county from 1883 to 1891. Britton also served on the board of governors for Kingston General Hospital. In 1863, he married Mary E., the daughter of Luther Hamilton Holton.
Prior to his federal experience, he was a councillor, then mayor of Kingston, Ontario (1876–1877). He was appointed Judge of the Court of King's Bench for Ontario on September 24, 1901. Britton presided over the 1911 Angelina Napolitano case.
# Mawaragala Aranya Senasanaya

Mawaragala Aranya Senasanaya or Mawaragala Forest Hermitage (Sinhalaː මාවරගල ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය) is an ancient Buddhist temple in Mahiyangana, Sri Lanka. Situated in Dambana, the temple locate about 15 km (9.3 mi) away from the ancient temple Mahiyangana Raja Maha Vihara. The temple has been declared as one of archaeological sites in Sri Lanka.

## History

It is believed that the history of Mawaragala Forest Hermitage dates back to the reign of King Valagamba (103 BC and c. 89–77 BC) and arhat Maliyadeva and 60 Buddhist monks have lived here during that period. Cave inscriptions written in early Brahmi script and Old Sinhala Prakrit have been discovered at this site.
# Alagoinha, Paraíba

Alagoinha, Paraíba is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Max Kidd (American football)

Max J. Kidd (July 27, 1901 – September 1, 1975) was an American high school and college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Rose Polytechnic Institute—now known as Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology—from 1959 to 1961, compiling a record of 3–17–2.
# John of Whithorn

John of Whithorn (died 1209) was the medieval Bishop of Galloway. His first appearance as bishop-elect is at the coronation of Richard, Cœur de Lion as King of the English at Westminster Abbey on 3 September 1189. He was consecrated at Pipewell Abbey, Northamptonshire, on Sunday 17 September 1189.
The consecration was performed by the Archbishop of Dublin, the Archbishop of Trier, and the Bishop of Annaghdown, and took place despite the fact that there was a formal vacancy in the Archbishopric of York. Geoffrey Plantagenet was Archbishop-elect of York at the time, and John in fact ordained him as a priest, despite the opposition of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who wished to use the opportunity to force York to make obedience to Canterbury as Primate.
During his ten-year episcopate John appeared often in England as a suffragan of the Archbishop of York, for instance, accompanying the archbishop to a church council held by King Richard in 1191. In Scotland, he witnessed one charter of Alan of Galloway and was appointed a judge-delegate by the papacy in a patronage-related dispute in the diocese of Glasgow. He was believed to have become a canon at Holyrood Abbey in 1206. The Chronicle of Melrose reported his death under the year 1209.
# Joly (crater)

Joly is an impact crater on Mars, located at 74.7°S latitude and 42.7°W longitude in the Mare Australe quadrangle. It measures 79.9 kilometres (49.6 mi) in diameter and was named after Irish physicist John Joly (1857–1933). The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).

## Spiders

During the winter, much frost accumulates. It freezes out directly onto the surface of the permanent polar cap, which is made of water ice covered with layers of dust and sand. The deposit begins as a layer of dusty CO$_2$ frost. Over the winter, it recrystallizes and becomes denser. The dust and sand particles caught in the frost slowly sink. By the time temperatures rise in the spring, the frost layer has become a slab of semi-transparent ice about 0.91 metres (3.0 ft) thick, lying on a substrate of dark sand and dust. This dark material absorbs light and causes the ice to sublimate (turn directly into a gas) Eventually much gas accumulates and becomes pressurized. When it finds a weak spot, the gas escapes and blows out the dust. Speeds can reach 161 kilometres per hour (100 mph). Dark channels can sometimes be seen; they are called "spiders." The surface appears covered with dark spots when this process is occurring.
Many ideas have been advanced to explain these features. These features can be seen in some of the pictures below.
* West side of Joly (crater), as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
* Dark spots and "spiders" in Joly crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). "Spiders" appear as fuzzy spots; they are where dark dust is accumulating in channels below clear slabs of frozen carbon dioxide. Note: this is an enlargement of the previous image of Joly crater.
* Eskers in Joly crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). Eskers are the ridges in the image; they are formed by streams running under a glacier.
# Jonas Bernholm

Jonas Olof Erik Bernholm (born November 26, 1946) is a Swedish record producer. He has been active in the publishing of gramophone records and research of classical American blues, soul, gospel and rhythm & blues music. The Jonas Bernholm Rhythm & Blues Collection can be found at Smithsonian Institution.

## Career

During Bernholm's first trip to the United States in 1968, Bernholm came in direct contact with many artists and producers in soul, blues and rhythm & blues. He documented, interviewed, listened and was living this world of music. Back in Sweden, he created with his two friends, Bengt Weine and Per Slim Notini, a record label, Route 66 Records. The first release was Opportunity Blues (1976) by Floyd Dixon. A fierce stream of reissues of almost forgotten music begun. And all the participating artists were paid their royalties in full. "Out of the blue, just as things were really slowing down, came a lifeline from Europe" ...Ruth Brown. Bernholm released in all 206 vinyl albums between 1976 and 2015. The labels included Route 66 Records, Mr. R & B, Stockholm, Blues Boy, Crown Prince, Saxophonograph, Jukebox Lil, "Whiskey, Women, And...", Dr. Horse, Earth Angel, and Gospel Jubilee. Today, the Jonas Bernholm Rhythm & Blues Collection, about 25,000 copies of vinyl records, letters, clippings and photographs, can be found at the Smithsonian Institution. The journey towards the roots of the rock - Mr. R & B saves a musical world heritage by Jan Kotschack is published on Premium Publishing 2016. Presently only available in Swedish.