OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Madagascar at the 2006 Winter Olympics

Madagascar competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The country's participation at the Games marked its Winter Olympics debut, although it had competed in the Summer Olympics since 1964. The delegation consisted of a single alpine skier, Mathieu Razanakolona, who did not win any medals.

## Background

Madagascar first competed at the Summer Olympics at the 1964 Games in Tokyo, Japan. They participated on nine occasions prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics, where they made their Winter Olympics debut in Turin, Italy. They sent a single alpine skier, Mathieu Razanakolona.
Razanakolona was born in Quebec, Canada; his mother was Canadian but his father was from Madagascar. He and his brother Philippe sought to bring international attention to the African island nation of Madagascar by having Mathieu become the first person to represent the country at the Winter Olympics. While Mathieu competed in the skiing, Philippe ran the non-profit organisation rAzAlpin.org to support this. Prior to the Turin Games, Mathieu had competed in a single FIS Alpine Ski World Cup event in Schladming, Austria, where he was disqualified after straddling a gate.

## Alpine skiing

The sole Malagasy athlete at the Games, Mathieu Razanakolona, competed in the men's giant slalom and slalom. He was the flag bearer at both the opening and closing ceremonies.
Competing in the giant slalom on 20 February, he finished his first run in a time of one minute and 39.1 seconds, placing him in 43rd place out of the 47 skiers who completed the run. His second run of the day saw an improvement in both time and placement, finishing in 31st place with a time of one minute and 27.33 seconds. This placed him in 39th place overall, with a combined time of three minutes and 6.43 seconds, only ahead of China's Li Guangxu and Ivan Borisov of Kyrgyzstan. However, his slalom competition was not as successful, as he failed to finish his first run, thus eliminating himself from the competition.

### Alpine skiing

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Total | Rank |
| Mathieu Razanakolona | Men's giant slalom | 1:39.10 | 1:27.33 | n/a | 3:06.43 | 39 |
| Mathieu Razanakolona | Men's slalom | did not finish | did not finish | did not finish | did not finish | did not finish |
# Love and Rockets (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Love and Rockets is the fourth studio album by English alternative rock band Love and Rockets; released in 1989 by Beggars Banquet Records on cassette, vinyl, and compact disc.

## Background

Love and Rockets dismissed Earth, Sun, Moon's folk sound in favour of a stronger rock sound. Hints of the band's former psychedelic and gothic rock sound remain. Chief songwriters Daniel Ash and David J had begun concentrating strictly on their own material (rather than writing together) on Earth, Sun, Moon.
The album featured Love and Rockets' biggest hit, the Ash-penned "So Alive". The song was a surprising number 3 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and stayed at number 1 for five weeks on the US Modern Rock chart. Because of the popularity of the single in the US, Love and Rockets became the band's best-selling album in America. It did very well in Canada as well, being certified platinum there in 1989, largely on the strength of "So Alive" which was a #1 single.
After the release of the album, the band embarked on a long worldwide tour. Afterward, instead of recording a new album and a follow-up single to "So Alive", J and Ash both focused on their solo careers, continuing in the directions represented on this album. They each released two solo albums after the break (with drummer Kevin Haskins working primarily with Ash) before returning as a band to record Hot Trip to Heaven in 1994.
In 2002, the album was remastered and expanded into a double album. The bonus tracks featured a single remix, three b-sides, all five songs from the aborted Swing! EP, and a radio session. The Swing! project was to be an outlet for some of the band's eccentric output, but the material was never released, except for "Bad Monkey", which ended up on the Glittering Darkness EP in 1996.
"The Purest Blue" is a radical reworking of "Waiting for the Flood" from Earth, Sun, Moon, and "**** (Jungle Law)" was later reworked as "Bad Monkey", recorded as part of the Swing! project.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Love and Rockets

## Personnel
### Love and Rockets

* David J – vocals, bass guitar, harmonica, guitars, bass feedback, keyboards
* Daniel Ash – vocals, guitars, saxophone, bass guitar, fuzz bass, keyboards
* Kevin Haskins – drums, keyboards, samples, vibraphone, guitar feedback, percussion

### Additional personnel

* "Mr. Drum Machine" – drum programming on "The Purest Blue"
* John Fryer – string synthesizer on "The Teardrop Collector"
* Lorna Wright, Sylvia Mason-James, Ruby James – backing vocals on "So Alive"
* Bill Thorp – string arrangement on "Rock & Roll Babylon" (Bill Thorp & Brian Brooks: violin; Josie Abbott: cello; Penny Thompson: viola)

## Production

* Produced by John Fryer & Love and Rockets
* Recorded & Mixed by John Fryer at Blackwing Studios (London) except "The Purest Blue"; recorded & mixed by "Whispering Angus" at Far Heath Studios (Northamptonshire)
# Saba Kidane

Saba Kidane (born 1978) is an Eritrean journalist, poet, and political activist.

## Early life

Born in Asmara, Saba Kidane dropped out of school and joined the Eritrean People's Liberation Front at the age of 13. She returned to school in 1995. She was a program director for youth radio and is a single mother.
Most of her poetry is composed in Tigrinya. Her poetry addresses children, everyday life, social issues, and the effect of war on Eritrean women. Her poem, "Tsiruy guhaf nafiqe" ("I miss the clean garbage"), encourages careful condom disposal due to the risk of spreading HIV.
Saba Kidane was denied a U.S. visitor's visa in 2001.
# Reddiyur, Tirupathur district

Reddiyur is a village in Tirupathur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located in the Yelagiri Hills, near Jolarpet.
# Shape parameter

In probability theory and statistics, a shape parameter (also known as form parameter) is a kind of numerical parameter of a parametric family of probability distributions that is neither a location parameter nor a scale parameter (nor a function of these, such as a rate parameter). Such a parameter must affect the shape of a distribution rather than simply shifting it (as a location parameter does) or stretching/shrinking it (as a scale parameter does). For example, "peakedness" refers to how round the main peak is.

## Estimation

Many estimators measure location or scale; however, estimators for shape parameters also exist. Most simply, they can be estimated in terms of the higher moments, using the method of moments, as in the skewness (3rd moment) or kurtosis (4th moment), if the higher moments are defined and finite. Estimators of shape often involve higher-order statistics (non-linear functions of the data), as in the higher moments, but linear estimators also exist, such as the L-moments. Maximum likelihood estimation can also be used.

## Examples

The following continuous probability distributions have a shape parameter:
* Beta distribution
* Burr distribution
* Dagum distribution
* Erlang distribution
* ExGaussian distribution
* Exponential power distribution
* Fréchet distribution
* Gamma distribution
* Generalized extreme value distribution
* Log-logistic distribution
* Log-t distribution
* Inverse-gamma distribution
* Inverse Gaussian distribution
* Pareto distribution
* Pearson distribution
* Skew normal distribution
* Lognormal distribution
* Student's t-distribution
* Tukey lambda distribution
* Weibull distribution
By contrast, the following continuous distributions do not have a shape parameter, so their shape is fixed and only their location or their scale or both can change. It follows that (where they exist) the skewness and kurtosis of these distribution are constants, as skewness and kurtosis are independent of location and scale parameters.
* Exponential distribution
* Cauchy distribution
* Logistic distribution
* Normal distribution
* Raised cosine distribution
* Uniform distribution
* Wigner semicircle distribution
# Summer (George Winston album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Summer is the sixth album of pianist George Winston and his fifth solo piano album, released in 1991. It was reissued on Dancing Cat Records in 2008.
The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 15, 1992.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by George Winston, except where noted

## Charts

| Chart (1991) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 55 |
# HMS Hunter

Eighteen ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name Hunter:
* English ship Hunter (1646) was a dogger captured in 1646 and sold in 1649.
* English ship Hunter (1652) was a 10-gun fire ship, previously the French sloop Chasseur, captured in 1652. She was burnt in 1653.
* English ship Hunter (1656) was a 6-gun Royalist vessel, captured by the Parliamentarians in 1656. She foundered in 1661.
* HMS Hunter (1672) was a 30-gun fifth rate captured from the Dutch in 1672. She was on the Navy List until 1677.
* HMS Hunter (1673) was a 4-gun sloop launched in 1673 and sold in 1683.
* HMS Hunter (1690) was an 8-gun fire ship launched in 1690. She was rebuilt as a 24-gun sixth rate in 1710 and was captured by the Spanish later that year.
* HMS Hunter (1739) was a 10-gun fire ship purchased in 1739 and renamed HMS Vulcan in 1740. She was hulked in 1743.
* HMS Hunter (1756) was a 10-gun sloop launched in 1756. She was captured in 1775 by an American privateer, but was recaptured in 1776 by HMS Greyhound. Hunter was declared unfit for service and sold in 1780.
* HMS Hunter (1763) was an 8-gun cutter purchased in 1763 and sold in 1771.
* HMS Hunter (1796) was a 16-gun sloop purchased, one of three ordered from builders in Bermuda in 1796 (the others being HMS Dasher and HMS Driver). She was launched in 1796, and wrecked in 1797.
* HMS Hunter (1801) was an 18-gun brig-sloop purchased in 1801 and broken up in 1809.
* HMS General Hunter was a 10-gun brig launched in 1805 and captured by the Americans in 1813.
* HMS Hunter (1856) was a Clown-class wood screw gunboat launched in 1856. She was placed on the sale list in 1869 and was sold in 1884.
* HMS Hunter (1895) was a Handy-class destroyer launched in 1895 and sold in 1912.
* HMS Hunter (H35) was an H-class destroyer launched in 1936 and sunk in 1940.
* HMS Hunter (D80) was a Bogue-class escort carrier, launched for the US Navy as USS Block Island, loaned to the Royal Navy, at first as HMS Trailer and then from late 1942 as HMS Hunter. She was returned to the US Navy in 1945.
* HMS Hunter (1945) was a Tank landing ship launched in 1945 as HMS LST 3042. She was renamed HMS Hunter in 1947, and transferred to the Ministry of Transport in 1956, being renamed SS Empire Curlew. She was broken up in 1962.
* HMS Hunter (P284) was an Attacker-class patrol and training boat launched in 1983 and sold to Lebanon in 1991.
# The Longest Hundred Miles

The Longest Hundred Miles is a 1967 American TV movie. It aired on NBC.

## Cast

* Doug McClure as Cpl. Steve Bennett
* Katharine Ross as Laura Huntington
* Ricardo Montalbán as Father Sanchez (as Ricardo Montalban)

## Production

The film was shot on location in the Philippines over three months.

## Reception

It was tied with The Doomsday Flight as the highest rated TV movies of 1966; they were also tied for sixth overall in the top ten of films aired on US TV, surrounded by theatrical feature films, released in the past and now being aired on television. The first five were feature films The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), The Robe (1953), Lilies of the Field (1963), Five Branded Women (1960) and PT109 (1963). Rounding out the top ten, following the tie at sixth, was the past feature film Blue Hawaii (1961), the TV movie Fame Is the Name of the Game, and the tenth place tie of the feature films The Delicate Delinquent (1957) and A Summer Place (1959).
# List of football clubs in Niger

The following is an incomplete list of association football clubs based in Niger. For a complete list see Category:Football clubs in Niger

## A

* Akokana FC d'Arlit (Arlit)
* AS Douanes (Niamey)
* AS-FNIS (Niamey)
* AS Madaoua
* AS NIGELEC (Niamey)
* ASFAN (Niamey)
* Askia
* AS Police (Niamey)
* ALhajiya FC (Zinder)
* ALmisri (Jabriya)

## D

* Dan Gourmou FC (Tahoua)
* Dan Kassawa FC (Maradi)

## E

* Entente FC
* Espoir FC (Niger)

## J

* Jangorzo FC
* JS du Ténéré

## M

* Malbaza FC

## O

* Olympic FC de Niamey

## S

* Sahel SC

## U

* Urana FC

## Z

* Zumunta AC
# Seeker Wireless

Seeker Wireless was a company based in Sydney, Australia, that developed a range of technologies for mobile positioning, including a Hybrid positioning system.
Seeker Wireless’ technology used proprietary statistical algorithms to calculate the position of mobile devices based on combinations of cellular, Wi-Fi and/or GPS radio data measured by the terminal.
In the majority of their commercial solutions, the processing of the radio data for location determination is performed in the terminal or on the SIM card, providing a distributed, user-plane architecture. Seeker Wireless did however also provide a zone-based charging (geofencing) solution that can be configured to operate as a purely network-based system.
The Radio Network databases used for position calculation are provided (and updated) either by a Mobile Network Operator, or by surveying. The data can be kept up-to-date in between Radio Network database uploads by way of automatic network discovery and reporting by the terminal.
Commercially deployed services that use Seeker Wireless location technology include the Local Zone and Vodafone Acasa ‘Home Zone’ (FMS) services, deployed by Vodafone New Zealand and Vodafone Romania respectively, and a mobile directory search service, Rednano Locate, deployed by SPH Search in Singapore.
Seeker Wireless’ solutions currently support SIM Tool Kit (STK) and various mobile platforms including Symbian S60, Windows Mobile, BlackBerry, Android and J2ME.
In 2011, the intellectual property was acquired by the Safely division of Location Labs
# Sarah Guillemard

Sarah Guillemard is a Canadian provincial politician, who was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the riding of Fort Richmond in the 2016 election. She is a member of the Progressive Conservative party, she served as the minister of Advanced Education and Training, minister of Mental Health and Community Wellness and Minister of Environment and Climate. She defeated NDP incumbent Kerri Irvin-Ross in the election. She was re-elected in the 2019 provincial election. In the 2023 provincial election, Guillemard did not seek reelection and her seat was won by NDP candidate Jennifer Chen.
# Ben Conde

Ben Conde is an American professional yo-yo player and enthusiast. He is currently ranked number 1 in North America in the off-string division.
Ben has been playing with yo-yos since he was 4 years old. By profession, he is a graphic designer and he lives in Los Angeles. Of the five types of yo-yo playing, he is particularly interested in off-string yoyoing.
# Héribrand III of Hierges

Héribrand III of Hierges (Héribrand of Bouillon) (died 1117) was lord of Hierges and Castellan of Bouillon. He was the son of Héribrand II of Saussure, lord of Hierges and of Hedwige d'Orchimont.
He was a knight in the First Crusade in the army of Godfrey of Bouillon.
He married Hodierna of Rethel, daughter of Hugh I of Rethel and therefore sister of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. His son Manasses was constable of the kingdom of Jerusalem from 1144 to 1152. He was buried in the church in Niverlée in present-day Belgium.

## Sources

* Héribrand of Bouillon, in A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land, 1095-1149, Jonathan Riley-Smith, et al. (available on-line)
# Shaping codes

In digital communications shaping codes are a method of encoding that changes the distribution of signals to improve efficiency.

## Description

Typical digital communication systems uses M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) to communicate through an analog channel (specifically a communication channel with Gaussian noise). For Higher bit rates(M) the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required by a QAM system with Error Correcting Codes is about 1.53 dB higher than minimum SNR required by a Gaussian source(>30% more transmitter power) as given in Shannon–Hartley theorem
    $C=B\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {S}{N}}\right)$
where
    C is the channel capacity in bits per second;
    B is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz;
    S is the total signal power over the bandwidth and
    N is the total noise power over the bandwidth.
    S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio of the communication signal to the Gaussian noise interference expressed as a straight power ratio (not as decibels).
This 1.53 dB difference is called the shaping gap. Typically digital system will encode bits with uniform probability to maximize the entropy. Shaping code act as buffer between digital sources and modulator communication system. They will receive uniformly distributed data and convert it to Gaussian like distribution before presenting to the modulator. Shaping codes are helpful in reducing transmit power and thus reduce the cost of Power amplifier and the interference caused to other users in the vicinity.

## Application

Some of the methods used for shaping are described in the trellis shaping paper by Dr. G. D. Forney Jr.
Shell mapping is used in V.34 modems to get a shaping gain of .8 dB. All the shaping schemes in the literature try to reduce the transmitted signal power. In future this may have find application in wireless networks where the interference from other nodes are becoming the major issue.
# Schizomus virescens

Schizomus virescens is a species of short-tailed whipscorpions of the genus Schizomus that belong to the family Hubbardiidae of Arachnids.
# The Mad Phoenix

The Mad Phoenix (Chinese: 南海十三郎) is a 1997 film written by Raymond To Kwok-Wai, based on a drama of the same title, which depicts the life of the legend Cantonese Opera playwright Kong Yu-Kau. The film won the 17th Hong Kong Film Awards for Best Screenplay in 1998.

## Plot

A story teller narrates the life of the legend Cantonese opera playwright, Kong Yu-Kau (played by Tse Kwan-ho).
Kong was born in 1909 as the 13th son of a Chinese government official. He was talented and was at the top of classes at a Medical school. At a charity ball he was attracted by a girl named Lily. To pursue her love, he gave up his promising career and followed her to Shanghai. But Lily had no feeling towards him and left him stranded in streets for two years.
When Kong finally returned to his home town, he was unable to continue his medical studies so he took up teaching. In his free time he went to the Cantonese Operas especially those performed by one of the leading opera singers of the time, Sit Gok-Seen. He started writing songs and plays and proposed them to Sit. His talent was soon being recognized and Sit invited him to join his opera company as playwright. He became famous and arrogant and gave himself a pen name: Mr. Thirteen. He was extremely difficult to work with and no one was willing to serve him until Tang Ti-sheng (Chinese: 唐滌生; pinyin: Táng Díshēng) came and worked as a copyist and assistant to him. They became good friends for many years.
When Guangzhou fell to the hands of Japan in the 1930s, Kong went to Hong Kong and continue to write anti-Japanese scripts. After the war against Japan ended, he returned to Guangdong, but his outspoken and eccentric manner made numerous enemies. Thus, no one asked him to write a script; and no one watched or played the anti-Japanese written by him. The Public taste had changed, but he was unwilling to comprise. In the 1950s he went back to Hong Kong and wandered in the streets. As he grew older, he became insane and was admitted to a mental hospital. He died in 1984 at the age of 74.

## Cast

* Tse Kwan-ho as Kiang Yu-Kou / Nam Hoi Sap-Sam Long
* Chu Wai-Lim Chu as Young Juzaburo
* Poon Chan-Leung as Tong Dik Sang
* So Yuk Wah as Mui Sin
* Elaine Ng as Lily
* Leung Hon-Wai as Sit Gok-Seen
# Seekers (disambiguation)

Seekers were a 17th-century religious group.
Seekers may also refer to:
* Seekers (TV series), a British TV film starring Josette Simon and Brenda Fricker
* Seekers (novel series), book series by Erin Hunter
* Seekers (Transformers), a group of Decepticons that commonly transform into fighter jets in the Transformers fictional universe
* The Seekers, Australian folk-influenced pop group
** The New Seekers, a British pop group formed by a member of the Seekers
** The Seekers (1964 album), a 1964 self-titled studio album by the band
** The Seekers (1975 album), a 1975 self-titled studio album by the band
* The Seekers, a 1952 adventure novel by John Guthrie, set in early 19th century New Zealand
** The Seekers (1954 film), a 1954 film based on the novel by John Guthrie
* The Seekers (novel), a 1975 novel by John Jakes concerning 1794–1814 United States history
** The Seekers (1979 film), a 1979 film based on the novel by John Jakes
* The Seekers (book), 1998 non-fiction book of cultural history in the "knowledge" trilogy
* The Seekers (comics), British 1960s newspaper comic strip
* The Seekers, demons on the television show Charmed
* Seekers, a religion in the Dragonlance novels
* The Seekers (rapturists), a UFO religion
# Malcolm Glenn Wyer

Malcolm Glenn Wyer (August 21, 1877 – December 31, 1965) was an American librarian and the president of the American Library Association from 1936 to 1937. Wyer was born in Concordia, Kansas and moved with his family to Minnesota because of health problems caused by malarial fever. He graduated from Minneapolis Central High School and went to the University of Minnesota where he received his B. A. in 1899 and M. A. in 1901. In 1903, Wyer received a Library Science degree from New York State Library School.
Wyer began working in libraries in 1900 as an assistant at the University of Minnesota. After graduating from New York State Library School, his first position was as a librarian at Colorado College. In 1904, he left Colorado to serve as the acting a librarian at the University of Iowa and he was appointed to that role in 1906. Wyer left Iowa to be a librarian at the University of Nebraska from 1913 to 1924. He left Nebraska briefly from 1918 to 1919 to serve as the assistant to the director for the American Library Association Library War Service. In 1924, Wyer became the City Librarian in Denver, Colorado where he worked until he retired in 1951. While in Denver, Wyer founded a Bibliographical Center for Research in 1934, the Western History Department in 1935, and the University of Denver School of Librarianship. Wyer served as dean of the school from 1931 to 1948 as well as the director of libraries at the University of Denver during that same time.
During his career, Wyer served as president of the Iowa Library Association, the Nebraska Library Association, the Nebraska Library Commission, the Colorado Library Association and the American Library Association as well as receiving numerous honors and honorary degrees that continued until his death in 1965.

## Awards and honors

* Honorary Doctorate in Library Science from the University of Nebraska (1931)
* Honorary Doctorate of Letters from Colorado College (1938)
* Honorary Doctorate of Letters from University of Denver (1958)