OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franz Piechulek

Leutnant Franz Piechulek was a German World War I flying ace credited with 14 aerial victories.

## World War I military service

He was assigned to Kampfeinsitzerstaffel 5 on 27 October 1917. He scored his first aerial victory there, downing a Nieuport on 22 November. He then moved on to Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 41 on 14 December. On 5 January 1918, he set an enemy observation balloon afire for his second win. Four days later, he moved to Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 56 to pilot an Albatros D.Va or a Fokker D.VII. He arrived the same day as his new Staffelführer, Franz Schleiff. Between 5 March and 4 October 1918, Piechulek rolled up another dozen triumphs, outlasting both Schlieff and his replacement, Dieter Collin.

## Sources of information

* 1 2 3 4 Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918. pp. 179–180.
* 1 2 "Franz Piechulek". www.theaerodrome.com. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
* ↑ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918. pp. 200–201.
* ↑ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918. p. 94.
# Hilda Flavia Nakabuye

Hilda Flavia Nakabuye (born 15 April 1997) is a Ugandan climate and environmental rights activist who founded Uganda's Fridays for Future movement. She also advocates for greater gender equality and racial diversity in the climate change movement. One of her environmental concerns is saving Lake Victoria, which connects Uganda to neighboring countries. As part of her activism, Nakabuye visits schools and communities to empower more women to join the fight against climate change, stating that "the climate crisis has no borders". She also created Climate Striker Diaries, an online platform to encourage digital awareness about climate change.
Nakabuye has been protesting in Kampala, Uganda, since 2017 after gate-crashing a climate dialogue by the Green Climate Campaign Africa (GCCA) at Kampala University. It was this event that made her realize that climate change was the cause of the severe weather that had destroyed her grandmother's farm. She began volunteering with the GCCA as a green campaigner but soon felt the need for a stronger movement to evoke effective change.

## Early life and background

She studied from Kampala International University and attained a bachelor’s degree in procurement and supply change management.

## Activism

As part of Uganda's Fridays for Future movement, Nakabuye and her fellow climate activists have been dedicated to mobilizing a strong youth movement to demand urgent action towards the climate crisis. The Fridays for Future movement in Uganda is now East Africa's largest youth movement, with over 50,000 young people spread across 52 schools and five universities, as well as members of the general public across Uganda, Sierra Leone, Angola, Gabon, Nigeria and Kenya.
Nakabuye has spoken out about the lack of diversity in the climate change movement, stating that, "the debate on climate change is not for whites only." She criticized the media after Vanessa Nakate, another Ugandan climate activist was cropped out of a photo taken at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January 2020. She denounced this act as a form of "environmental racism and discrimination," as Nakate's absence meant that the image showed only white activists, including 17-year-old Greta Thunberg.
Nakabuye's climate activism has received international attention, having been featured as one of the prominent young women striking for climate change in various news outlets, including BBC News, Vox, and Time. On 11 October 2019, she was invited to give a speech at the C40 Mayors summit in Copenhagen, Denmark, to demand urgent action from the leaders of the world's largest cities.
# Hillcrest Park Cemetery

The Hillcrest Park Cemetery is located in Springfield, Massachusetts. Although it is not known when it was established, it is known that the Hillcrest Park Cemetery Association – those who oversee the cemetery – was founded in 1924.

## Notable interments

* Henry L. Bowles (1886–1932), U.S. Congressman
* Jack Butterfield (1919–2010), ice hockey administrator
* Frank Crumit (1889–1943, entertainer and composer
* John Garand (1888–1974), arms inventor
* Otis Earle Hall (1878–1939), Author of the 4-H Pledge, rural education pioneer
* Phil Page, baseball player
* Eddie Shore (1902–1985), hockey player
# Peters's mouse

Peters's mouse (Mus setulosus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and dry savanna.
# Peters's gecko

Peters' gecko (Gonatodes petersi) is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Venezuela.

## Etymology

The specific name, petersi, is in honor of American herpetologist James A. Peters.

## Geographic range

G. petersi is found on the eastern slopes of the Sierra de Perijá in Zulia state, Venezuela.

## Habitat

The natural habitat of G. petersi is forest at altitudes of 230–1,130 m (750–3,710 ft).

## Behavior

G. petersi is mainly diurnal.

## Reproduction

G. petersi is oviparous.
# Renault armoured car

Renault armoured cars were a number of armoured car variants produced in France during the First World War.
Like most of the armoured cars of the period they were developed from armoured bodies fitted to commercially available large car or truck chassis, in this case those from Renault, and armed with a machine gun or relatively small calibre gun.

## Variants

* Renault modele 1914 automitrailleuse
    Renault 18hp chassis with 95/160 engine. The first 100 were extemporised but a standard armoured body form followed with a machine gun at the rear. Together with twin rear tyres this formed the Modele 1915 variant.
* Renault autocanon
    The same Renault chassis and armoured body as the Mle 1915 but with a 37mm gun protected by a shield.
* Renault autoblindee
    Renault AM with guns removed and used as unarmed transports. Some early AM had been fitted with single 8 mm Lebel St Étienne 1907 light machine gun for use as mobile anti-aircraft weapons. They had proved not to be effective in this role and were disarmed.
# Rein Welschen

Reinier Wilhelmus "Rein" Welschen (29 August 1941 – 17 September 2013) was a Dutch politician and member of the Labour Party (PvdA).
Welschen served as an alderman of Breda from 1978 to 1987. He was a Provincial-Executive of North Brabant from 1987 to 1992. He served as the Mayor of Eindhoven from 1992 until 2003. The city experienced the bankruptcy of both the DAF Car BV and the Operation Centurion at Philips during his tenure, which increased unemployment. A major crash of a Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules also took place on 15 July 1996. In 2004 he was acting mayor of Westland.
Rein Welschen had been in declining health for several years. He died on 17 September 2013, at the age of 72. His funeral was held in Breda, while a memorial service was held Eindhoven's city hall on 27 September 2013.
# Peter Semple

Peter Charles Semple (born 29 April 1941) is a New Zealand former cricketer. He played 33 first-class and two List A matches for Otago between the 1961–62 and 1971–72 seasons.
Semple was born at Dunedin in 1941 and educated at Otago Boys' High School in the city. He played age-group cricket for Otago from the 1959–60 season before making his senior representative debut against Wellington in a December 1961 Plunket Shield match. After making scores of 11 and 41 in his two innings, Semple retained his place in the side, playing in all five of Otago's Shield matches during the season.
A regular in the Otago side throughout most of the 1960s, Semple made 33 first-class appearances for the provincial team, scoring 1,188 runs and taking four wickets. His highest score of 107 was made against Canterbury in 1969–70. This was his only first-class century. He bowled rarely after his first season, and all four of his senior wickets were taken in the same innings against Northern Districts in his third first-class match.
# Peter Selzer

Peter Selzer (born 25 June 1946 in Torgau) is a former East German race walker.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result | Event |
| 1966 | European Championships | Budapest, Hungary | 11th | 50 km |
| 1967 | World Race Walking Cup | Bad Saarow, East Germany | 2nd | 50 km |
| 1968 | Olympic Games | Mexico City, Mexico | 4th | 50 km |
| 1969 | European Championships | Athens, Greece | 2nd | 50 km |
| 1971 | European Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 3rd | 50 km |
| 1972 | Olympic Games | Munich, West Germany | 5th | 50 km |
| 1974 | European Championships | Rome, Italy | 3rd | 50 km |

## Sources

* http://www.racewalking-naumburg.de/history.html
* This biographical article about a German race walker is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Pfeiffera monacantha

Pfeiffera monacantha (syn. Rhipsalis monacantha), the one‑spined wickerware cactus, is a species of epiphytic cactus, native to Bolivia and northwest Argentina. As its synonym Rhipsalis monacantha it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## Subtaxa

The following subspecies are accepted:
* Pfeiffera monacantha subsp. kimnachii (Doweld) Ralf Bauer
* Pfeiffera monacantha subsp. monacantha
# Remote Astronomical Society Observatory of New Mexico

Minor planets discovered: 43 :
* see § List of discovered minor planets
The Remote Astronomical Society (RAS) Observatory, Mayhill, also known as the New Mexico Skies Observatory (obs. code H06) is a remotely controlled observatory hosted by the New Mexico Skies astronomy hosting company.
It is located 15 miles north-east of the Apache Point Observatory.

## List of discovered minor planets

| (183876) 2004 CU$_{50}$ | 15 February 2004 | list |
| (191904) 2005 CU$_{37}$ | 4 February 2005 | list |
| (212427) 2006 OL | 17 July 2006 | list |
| (229895) 2009 VK$_1$ | 9 November 2009 | list |
| (229896) 2009 VE$_3$ | 10 November 2009 | list |
| (231660) 2009 XK$_2$ | 11 December 2009 | list |
| (233966) 2010 BS$_2$ | 16 January 2010 | list |
| (237336) 2009 WC$_{25}$ | 21 November 2009 | list |
| (237349) 2010 CM$_{12}$ | 12 February 2010 | list |
| (239761) 2010 CU$_{18}$ | 13 February 2010 | list |
| (239762) 2010 CV$_{18}$ | 13 February 2010 | list |
| (241555) 2010 GT$_5$ | 3 April 2010 | list |
| (243490) 2009 UF$_{19}$ | 23 October 2009 | list |
| (255588) 2006 OJ$_5$ | 18 July 2006 | list |
| (261709) 2006 AZ$_3$ | 6 January 2006 | list |
| (269487) 2009 UW$_{17}$ | 20 October 2009 | list |
| (269528) 2009 VN$_{44}$ | 15 November 2009 | list |
| (272670) 2005 XD | 1 December 2005 | list |
| (275104) 2009 VF$_{42}$ | 11 November 2009 | list |
| (275240) 2009 XH$_2$ | 11 December 2009 | list |
| (279240) 2009 VV | 8 November 2009 | list |
| (279317) 2009 XH$_1$ | 10 December 2009 | list |
| (280968) 2006 DJ$_1$ | 20 February 2006 | list |
| (296901) 2010 CL$_{12}$ | 12 February 2010 | list |
| (297060) 2010 JF$_1$ | 4 May 2010 | list |
| (306105) 2010 JU$_{14}$ | 5 May 2010 | list |
| (311499) 2005 WM$_{57}$ | 30 November 2005 | list |
| (328790) 2009 VJ$_1$ | 9 November 2009 | list |
| (330083) 2005 WL$_{57}$ | 30 November 2005 | list |
| (331055) 2009 WJ | 16 November 2009 | list |
| (336654) 2009 XX$_2$ | 12 December 2009 | list |
| (372601) 2009 VH$_1$ | 9 November 2009 | list |
| (372603) 2009 VD$_3$ | 10 November 2009 | list |
| (372712) 2009 XG$_2$ | 11 December 2009 | list |
| (372744) 2010 AQ$_{61}$ | 15 January 2010 | list |
| (379294) 2009 VO$_{44}$ | 15 November 2009 | list |
| (381903) 2010 CC$_{12}$ | 6 February 2010 | list |
| (384353) 2009 UV$_{17}$ | 20 October 2009 | list |
| (384375) 2009 VC$_3$ | 10 November 2009 | list |
| (389396) 2009 XZ$_7$ | 15 December 2009 | list |
| (419365) 2009 XF$_1$ | 10 December 2009 | list |
| (423637) 2005 XP | 1 December 2005 | list |
| (482041) 2009 WT$_{105}$ | 25 November 2009 | list |
# Roy Hodson

Frank Roy Hodson, FBA (born 1930), commonly known as Roy Hodson, is a British archaeologist. He was Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology at University College London from 1973 to 1993.

## Career

Born in Liverpool in 1930, he attended the University of Cambridge, graduating in 1953 with a classics degree; he then completed the Diploma in Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Cambridge (1954) and a PhD (1957). In 1958, he supervised Mortimer Wheeler's Charsada excavations and then was appointed Lecturer in Prehistoric Archaeology at the Institute the Archaeology in 1959. He succeeded John D. Evans as the Institute's Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology in 1973, retiring in 1993. His work involved the early application of computing to archaeological research.

### Honours and awards

In 1984, Hodson was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.
# Lester Smith

Lester Smith may refer to:
* Lester Smith (Canadian football)
* Lester W. Smith, creator of Dragon Dice and other dice games
* Lester Smith (swimmer)
* L. Neil Smith, Libertarian science fiction author and political activist
* Lester Smith (philanthropist) (1942-2019), American oil executive and philanthropist
# Huo Li

Huo Li (born 25 December 1980) is a Chinese cross-country skier. She competed in two events at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
# Ridawiya Library, MS 5229

MS 5229 is a 13th-century (7th century Hijra) manuscript, 210 folia (420 pages), kept in Astane Quds Museum (موزهٔ آستان قدس رضوی), Mashhad. It was discovered in 1923 in Mashhad by Turkic scholar Ahmed Zeki Validi Togan. It contains a collection of medieval Arabic geographical treatises, most notably the 10th-century account of Ibn Fadlan of his embassy to the Volga Bulgars.

## Contents

* Ibn al-Faqih: aẖbar al-buldan "Exploration of the lands" (p. 1)
* Abu Dulaf: ar-risalatu-l-ūla "First relation" (p. 347)
* Abu Dulaf: ar-risalatu-ṯ-ṯnaniat "Second relation" (p. 362)
* Ibn Fadlan: ma šahidat fi baladi-t-turk wa al-ẖazar wa ar-rus wa aṣ-ṣaqalibat wa al-bašġird wa ġirham "Account of the lands of the Turks, the Khazars, the Rus, the Saqaliba, the Bashkhirs" (p. 390)

## Editions and reproductions

* Togan, Ahmed Zeki Validi, Ibn Fadlan's Reisebericht (Leipzig: Kommissionsverlag F. A. Brockhaus, 1939) [edition, from Razawi Library MS 5229, and German translation, of Ibn Fadlān's text]
* Kovalevskii, A. P., Kniga Akhmeda Ibn-Fadlana o ego Puteschestvii na Volgu 921-922 gg (Kharkov, 1956). [Includes photographic reproduction of Ibn Fadlān's text in Razawi Library MS 5229.]
* al-Faqih, Ibn; Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad; Aḥmad Ibn Faḍlān; Misʻar Ibn Muhalhil Abū Dulaf al-Khazrajī; Fuat Sezgin; M. Amawi; A. Jokhosha; E. Neubauer (1987). Collection of Geographical Works: Reproduced from MS 5229 Riḍawīya Library, Mashhad. Frankfurt am Main: I. H. A. I. S. at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. OCLC 469349123.
* This article about a manuscript is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus

Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, also known commonly as the coast night snake and the spotted night snake, is a species of snake in the subfamily Dipsadinae of the family Colubridae. The species is native to California in the United States and to the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. There are eight recognized subspecies.

## Reproduction

H. ochrorhynchus is oviparous.

## Subspecies

Eight subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus baueri Zweifel, 1958
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus gularis W. Tanner, 1954
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus klauberi W. Tanner, 1946
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus martinensis W. Tanner & Banta, 1962
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus nuchalata W. Tanner, 1943
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus ochrorhynchus Cope, 1860
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus tortugaensis W. Tanner, 1946
* Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus venusta Mocquard, 1899

## Etymologies

The subspecific name, baueri, is in honor of American entrepreneur Harry J. Bauer (1886–1960) for his support of the 1958 Puritan-American Museum expedition to Baja California.
The subspecific name, klauberi, is in honor of American herpetologist Laurence Monroe Klauber.
# Mark Henry (politician)

Mark Henry (died 1952) was an Irish politician. A merchant, he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo North constituency at the June 1927 general election. He was re-elected at the September 1927 general election. He did not contest the 1932 general election.
# Ausländer

Ausländer or Auslander may refer to:

## Surname

* Joseph Auslander (1897–1965), American poet
* Leora Auslander (born 1959), American historian
* Louis Auslander (1928–1997), American mathematician
* Marc Auslander, American computer scientist
* Maurice Auslander (1926–1994), American mathematician
* Rose Ausländer (1901–1988), German and American poet
* Shalom Auslander (born 1970), American author and essayist

## Other uses

* "Ausländer" (Living Colour song)
* "Ausländer" (Rammstein song)
# Ghasipura, Uttar Pradesh

Ghasipura (derived from 'Ghasi-', the first name of the founder, and 'pura-', the Sanskrit word for city, castle or fortress) is a village in the Muzaffarnagar district of Uttar Pradesh. It is located on NH 58 between Muzaffarnagar (13 km) and Meerut (44 km) and is almost equidistant from New Delhi (115 km) and Dehradun (133 km).

## History

While the exact dates of the establishment of the village are unknown, it is estimated that the village was founded in the 1800s after Chaudhri Ghasiram Singh, “the chief landholder in the district [of Muzaffarnagar]", established a fort here. Chaudhri Ghasiram Singh belonged to one of the most prominent families in Western Uttar Pradesh — the Maulaheri Jats (Panwar gotra).
It is said that the fort was built for better administration of the area, as during the monsoon it was difficult for people on horses and elephants to cross the Kaali river that flowed between present day Ghasipura and Chaudhri Ghasiram Singh's primary residence, Maulaheri Palace. The original fort, which largely remains dilapidated, featured one gateway, five havelis and four watchtowers (burj) built according to Indian architecture. The descendants of Chaudhri Ghasiram Singh still reside in the village and around Muzaffarnagar.

## In news and media

Ghasipura came in the news around the 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots when the hindu and muslim residents of the village set an example of maintaining peace during the unrest.
The village has also been covered in the local news for the annual fair (mela) hosted in the month of October. The fair also includes a wrestling (kushti) competition where wrestlers, including women wrestlers like Divya Kakran, from around Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and New Delhi compete.
# German submarine U-602

German submarine U-602 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 8 February 1941 by Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 578, launched on 30 October 1941 and commissioned on 29 December 1941 under Oberleutnant zur See Philipp Schüler.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-602 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-602 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 29 December 1941, followed by active service on 1 October 1942 as part of the 7th Flotilla. She later transferred for operations in the Mediterranean with 29th Flotilla for the remainder of her service.
In four patrols she was credited with the total loss of one warship (1,540 tons).

### Wolfpacks

U-602 took part in two wolfpacks, namely:
* Panther [de] (6 – 16 October 1942)
* Puma (16 – 29 October 1942)

### Fate

U-602 went missing in the Mediterranean. She left the Military port of Toulon on 11 April 1943, and sent the last radio message on 19 April 1943 at position 36°50′N 00°00′W﻿ / ﻿36.833°N -0.000°E﻿ / 36.833; -0.000. All hands were lost.

### Previously recorded fate

U-602 was originally thought to have been sunk on April 23, 1943 at position 36°10′N 00°30′W﻿ / ﻿36.167°N 0.500°W﻿ / 36.167; -0.500 by depth charges from a British Hudson aircraft of RAF 500/N. This attack was actually against U-453, inflicting no damage.

## Summary of raiding history

| Date | Ship Name | Nationality | Tonnage | Fate |
| 9 December 1942 | HMS Porcupine | Royal Navy | 1,540 | Total loss |