OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# James Mortimer Southwick

James Mortimer Southwick (July 10, 1846 - June 3, 1904) was an American naturalist and educator who lived in Providence. He established a natural history store and founded the periodical Random Notes on Natural History (1884–86). After selling off his natural history store in 1896 he served as a curator of the Roger Williams Park Museum and served as a State Entomologist. He was the first to note the differences between the willet populations in North America, leading to the description of the subspecies inornata by William Brewster.
Southwick was born in Newburyport to James M. Southwick and Sarah Martin and went to study at local public schools before moving to Providence at the age of sixteen. Southwick helped run a dry goods store that his uncle Jacob H. Martin had established but he kept a small stock of specimens with a hobby interest in natural history. In 1876 he met nineteen year old Frederick Tingley Jencks who had gathered the skills of taxidermy from J.W.P. Jenks of Brown University. Continuing to work in his uncle's store, Southwick partnered with Jencks to set up a store, named Southwick & Jencks' Natural History Store, on December 1, 1876, that dealt in natural history specimens. They sold minerals, eggs, bird skins, tools and supplies for taxidermists and naturalists. Jencks spent his time running the store and collaborated with Robert Ridgway, with the latter having a right to pick any rare specimens first. In 1886 Jencks suffered from an eye ailment and quit the firm leaving Southwick to partner with J. William Critchley, formerly employed by Henry A. Ward in his taxidermy company.
In 1894 the firm was sold off to Walter A. Angell and Harry A. Cash who renamed the store to Angell & Cash. Southwick then became a curator at the Roger Williams Park Museum in Providence in 1896. Here he set up a collection of the birds of the region which he called the "Rhode Island Room" and also took a special interest in applied entomology. As State Entomologist and member of the Tree Protection Society he took a special interest in gypsy moths, elm leaf beetles and the San Jose scale which were threats to the local trees and crops. He was also a member of other groups including the Audubon Society, the Tree-Protection Society, the Rhode Island Horticultural Society and St. John's AF & AM Lodge. Suffering from poor health he went to Rhode Island Hospital on May 26, 1904, and died of heart failure on June 3.
The North American subspecies of the willet, inornata which differed from the nominate subspecies, was first noted by Southwick and formally described by William Brewster.
# Grand Tavé

The Grand Tavé (3,158 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located south of Fionnay in the canton of Valais. It belongs to the Grand Combin massif and lies east of the Corbassière Glacier.
It lies just south of the Col des Otannes (2,846 m), from where the summit is usually reached.
# HD 202206 c

HD 202206 c is an extrasolar planet discovered on November 16, 2004, using long-term observation of a formerly unconfirmed second planet after the discovery of a brown dwarf (first companion) around the star HD 202206.
The planet orbits 3.07 times further out and is 85% less massive than the first companion, having a semi-amplitude of only 42 m/s. Its minimum mass is 2.44 times that of Jupiter and its diameter is likely roughly the same size as Jupiter's. The orbital resonance of the planet orbiting the brown dwarf is 5:1.
Further observation of this system via astrometry revised this picture in 2017, showing that HD 202206 c is a brown dwarf or super-Jupiter, with a true mass 17.9 times that of Jupiter, in a circumbinary orbit around a pair of co-orbiting stars being viewed nearly face-on.
# Barzani

Barzani at times Barazani may refer to:

## Places

* Barzan, Iraq, a town in South Kurdistan
# Samuel Friedrich Hassel

Samuel Friedrich Hassel (9 September 1798 – 3 February 1876) was a German bass singer, Volksschauspieler [de] and comedian.

## Life

Born in Frankfurt, Hassel made his debut at the Frankfurt theatre at the age of 16. In 1816, he sang Rodrigo, his first solo part, in Peter Winter's opera Maria von Montalban. In 1818, he was appointed second bassist to Mainz, but returned to Frankfurt as early as 1821 despite great success. From then on, he performed only at the Frankfurt theatre for 45 years until his farewell performance on 26 March 1866.
Hassel was an extremely popular singer and actor. He played a leading role in almost every local Frankfurt play that premiered between 1820 and 1866. For over forty years, he gave the "Bürgerkapitän" in Carl Malß's comedy of the same name, and for over thirty years the "Hampelmann" in Malß' Landpartie nach Königstein. His voluntary confinement to the Frankfurt theatre and the local genre prevented him from gaining national recognition, but his versatility made him one of the great stage artists of his time.
On 31 October 1875, he performed again in a charity event. Hassel died on 3 February 1876 at the age of 77 and was buried in the Frankfurt Main Cemetery.
# Samuel Messick

Samuel J. Messick III (April 3, 1931 – October 6, 1998) was an American psychologist who worked for the Educational Testing Service (ETS), known for his contributions to validity theory.

## Early life

Messick was born on April 3, 1931, in Philadelphia. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned a bachelor's degree, and he earned a PhD from Princeton University.

## Career

Messick worked as a psychologist for the Educational Testing Service (ETS). He examined construct validity. Messick influenced language testing in 2 main ways: in proposing a new understanding of how inferences made based on tests must be challenged, and in drawing attention to the consequences of test use.

## Death and legacy

Messick resided in Pennington, New Jersey. He died on October 6, 1998, in Philadelphia, at 67.
The Quantitative and Qualitative Methods division (Division 5) of the American Psychological Association created the Samuel J. Messick Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award to honor Messick's contributions. Douglas N. Jackson, a previous collaborator of Messick, earned the award in 2004.

## Works

* (ed. with Harold Gulliksen) Psychological scaling: theory and applications; report of a conference. New York: Wiley, 1960.
* (ed. with John Ross) Measurement in personality and cognition. New York: Wiley, 1962.
* (ed. with Silvan Tomkins) Computer simulation of personality: frontier of psychological theory, New York: Wiley, 1963.
* (ed. with Arthur H. Brayfield) Decision and choice; contributions of Sidney Siegel. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.
* (ed. with Douglas N. Jackson) Problems in human assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
* (ed.) Individuality in learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1976.
* (ed.) Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.) Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). New York: Macmillan, 1989.
# Samuel Mickle House

Samuel Mickle House, also known as the Hip Roof House, is located at 345 Kings Highway, East, in the borough of Haddonfield in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built about 1736 and was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 1975, for its significance in architecture.

## History and description

The one and one-half gambrel roof house built by Samuel Mickle was originally located at the northeast corner of King's Road and Tanner's Lane. By 1820, it was located at 227 Kings Highway. In 1836, it was moved to 23 Ellis Street. In 1965, the Historical Society of Haddonfield moved the house to its current location and now uses it as a library. According to the nomination form, it is thought to be the oldest house in the borough.
# Samuel Higley

Samuel Higley (d. 1737) was an American blacksmith, educator, and creator of the "Higley coppers". He was born in Simsbury, Connecticut and for two years attended the Collegiate School, later Yale University. Afterwards he became a teacher and pupil of physician Thomas Hooker. He was eventually granted license to practice as a medical doctor. He was also a practicing blacksmith, to whom in 1728 the Connecticut General Court granted exclusive rights for making steel for a period of 10 years. Upon the death of his father, Higley inherited land near Simsbury, known as Copper Hill, which he augmented by purchase of 143 acres. Here about 1730 he settled. By early 1733, Higley had begun mining copper on his own property.
The first so-called "Higley coppers" (Trader's Currency Token of the Colony of Connecticut) bear the date 1737. Although there is no firm evidence that links Higley to coin minting, since colonial times he has been associated with these Connecticut tokens. Certainly he had the copper necessary, as well as the skill to make steel dies. Of the 1737 coppers, four varieties have an obverse with legend THE VALUE OF THREE PENCE and roman numeral III. A listing of Higley coppers by Daniel Freidus lists 15 varieties in total, from 8 obverse and 5 reverse dies. Since most Higley Coppers are double struck, researchers believe that the hammer method rather than a screw press was used to make them. The sizes of these coins varied, but they were approximately the size of a modern half-dollar.
# Locastro

Locastro or LoCastro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Nikko Locastro (born 1988), American disc golf player
* Tim Locastro (born 1992), American baseball player
# Locastra bryalis

Locastra bryalis is a species of snout moth in the genus Locastra. It was described by Joseph de Joannis in 1930 and is known from Vietnam.
# Lois Gladys Leppard

Lois Gladys Leppard (1924 – October 5, 2008) was the author of the Mandie series of children's novels. Leppard wrote her first Mandie story when she was only eleven and a half years old, but did not become a professional author until she was an adult. Leppard has also worked as a professional singer, actress, and playwright. At one time, she and her two sisters, Sybil and Louise, formed a singing group called the Larke Sisters.
There are forty Mandie books in the main series, an eight-book junior series and several other titles. Leppard said that she could write a Mandie book in two weeks, barring any interruptions.
The eponymous heroine lives in North Carolina in the early 1900s, encountering adventure and solving mysteries with help from her friends, family, and pet cat, Snowball. These young reader novels are meant to teach morals as well as be fun and captivating stories to read. Leppard stated that her books contain "nothing occult or vulgar", and Mandie is depicted as a faithful Christian. The Mandie books often deal with issues of discrimination and prejudice relating to race (particularly with regard to the local Cherokee), class, and disability.
Lois Gladys Leppard based some of the incidents in her Mandie books on her mother's experiences growing up in North Carolina. The dedication in the first book is: "For My Mother, Bessie A. Wilson Leppard, and In Memory of Her Sister, Lillie Margaret Ann Wilson Frady, Orphans of North Carolina Who Outgrew the Sufferings of Childhood".

## Books

The Mandie Series
The Lily Adventures
* Secret Money (1995)
* Suspicious Identity (1995)

## Film

A straight to DVD movie based on some of the books in the Mandie series was released on September 22, 2009. The first movie, titled after the first book of the series, Mandie and the Secret Tunnel, has a cast that includes Lexi Johnson (as Mandie), Dean Jones, and William Yelton. The rights to produce a film based on Mandie and the Secret Tunnel are currently owned by Kalon Media. Two further films have been produced.
# Lois Green

Lois Green (1914–2006) was an Australian actress who worked extensively on stage. She started as a child and was known for singing, dancing and acting in Australia and the United Kingdom.

## Life

Green was born in 1914 and she made her stage debut aged five and worked extensively as a singer, actor and dancer. She had dancing lessons from Jennie Brenan who supplied many dancers for J.C.Williamson's company.
In the 1930s she toured extensively with J.C. Williamsons Ltd. She moved to London in 1939 after making the film Gone to the Dogs.

## Career

During World War II, she toured the Middle East with ENSA and worked on radio and television. Green returned to Australia briefly in 1946 to tour in a musical but was based in England for the rest of her life.

## Credits

* Katja (1937) - stage musical
* No, No, Nanette (1938) - stage
* Jill Darling (1938) - play
* Gone to the Dogs (1939) - film
* All Clear (1939)- London revue
* Cafe de Paris (1940) - revue
* Follow the Girls (1946–47) - stage musical
* No, No, Nanette (1948) - British TV
* Jill Darling (1949) - British TV
* Happy Week-End (1949) - British TV
* Cinderella (1950) - British TV
* After the Ball (1954) - stage musical
# Lloyds Development Capital

Lloyds Development Capital (Holdings) Limited (LDC), is a mid-market private equity house and subsidiary of Lloyds Banking Group, established in 1981 as Lloyds Development Capital Limited. From 1999 to 2011, it was known as Lloyds TSB Development Capital Limited.

## Operations

In 1991, investment exceeded £30 million for the first time and in, 2001, LDC completed its 300th investment. By 2007, investment exceeded £300 million and it completed its 400th investment.
The company operates through the following UK subsidiaries, of which it has an interest in 100% of the issued share capital:
| Company | Formerly | Principal activity |
| LDC (Managers) Limited | Lloyds TSB Venture Managers Limited | Venture capital fund manager |
| LDC (General Partner) Limited | Lloyds TSB Ventures General Partner Limited | General partner in venture capital funds |
| LDC Ventures Trustees Limited | Lloyds TSB Ventures Trustees Limited | Trustee of exempt unit trusts |
| LDC Ventures Carry Limited | Lloyds TSB Ventures Carry Limited | Limited partner in a venture capital fund |
| LDC (Nominees) Limited | Lloyds TSB Development Capital (Projects) Limited | Nominee company |
| LDC Parallel (Nominees) Limited | Lloyds TSB Ventures Nominees Limited | Nominee company |
A subsidiary not registered in the United Kingdom, LDC (Asia) Limited, located in Hong Kong, was liquidated in 2015.
In 2016, LDC supported the inaugural London Evening Standard Business Awards and the SME Business of the Year category.

## Assets

* NEC Group
* UK2 Group
# Lomnitsa, Dobrich Province

Lomnitsa is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.
# Samuel Marsden (bishop)

Samuel Edward Marsden (1832 – 15 October 1912) was an Anglican bishop. He was the first Anglican Bishop of Bathurst.
Marsden was born into a clerical family in Sydney, New South Wales: his grandfather was the Rev. Samuel Marsden, formerly senior chaplain at Parramatta. He came to England as a boy and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1855. Ordained in 1855, his first positions were curacies within the Diocese of Hereford. From 1861 to 1869 he was Vicar of Bengeworth when he was ordained to the episcopate. Widely praised for his "helpful teaching, sympathy and liberal gifts", he resigned his See in 1885.
Returning to England, he lived in Clifton, Bristol and was appointed an Assistant Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol in 1892; by 1900 (after the re-erection of the Diocese of Bristol in 1897), he was Assistant Bishop of both dioceses (of Gloucester and of Bristol). After his death, a memorial was erected to his memory in St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney.
# Sami Uotila (actor)

Sami Uotila (born 1971) is a Finnish male actor, who is known best as Aki Nikkinen from the Finnish TV-series Salatut elämät on MTV3.
He has also acted in the Municipal Theatre of Helsinki, in plays such as Housut pois and Poika ja tähti. In addition he has lent his voice to a few cartoon films. Uotila has played Danny in the Grease musical directed by Marco Bjurström in year 2002. Uotila spent the summer of 2003 in Turku and worked in the play Oklahoma in the Summer Theatre of Samppalinna. In 2006 Uotila gave the Finnish language voice to Lighting McQueen in the animated cartoon film Cars. Uotila stopped shooting episodes of Salatut elämät in 2001, but his character remained on screen until 2002 and later in 2014.

## Filmography

* Salatut elämät (1999) – Aki Nikkinen (1999–2002, 2014–)
* Veera (1998)
* Porträttet: Asko Sarkola - skådespelare och teaterchef (2005)
* Thilia Thalia (2 episodes, 2002)
* BumtsiBum! (1 episode, 2002)
# Llwyn Isaf

Llwyn Isaf (Welsh for 'lower grove'), also known as the Library Field, is a green space in the centre of Wrexham. It is surrounded on two sides by the city's guildhall and on another by the library.
The space is most popular with students from the nearby Yale College. It is home to a bandstand and often hosts outdoor events and activities. All ball games and alcohol are banned on Llwyn Isaf.
Wrexham Council run a webcam that is pointed at the grass.

## History

The green space was originally the landscaped grounds of a mansion house known as Ypsytty (or Ysbyty) Ucha (Welsh for 'Upper Hospital'). This house was said to have been present here by 1700, and would take up the space the Guildhall and Wrexham Library now stand. By 1715, during the Wrexham riots, there are records that a large pond called the "Great Pool" (Pwll Mawr) was located at the end of these grounds adjoining the rears of the buildings along Chester Street. The house on the site was later named Llwyn Isaf (meaning "lower grove") by 1800, and later became a vicar's home by 1830, being leased to then Vicar of Wrexham, George Cunliffe, son of Robert Cunliffe of Acton Hall. Cunliffe subsequently bought the house, and following his death the house became a vicarage.
The original gateway to Llwyn Isaf is the opening next to Chester Street and the library's car park.
Up until 1939, the house potentially served as an extension to the nearby girls' school. Following World War II, the area was proposed by Crosville Motor Services to be surfaced over in tarmac and a bus station constructed on the site, which would have meant the destruction of the park. The house was purchased by the local council in the early 1950s, becoming a temporary home of the local library, but was subsequently demolished to be replaced by the Guildhall. The Guildhall's construction also faced opposition due to fears Llwyn Isaf park would be destroyed in the process.
Llwyn Isaf green now lies at the centre of Wrexham's civic centre just off Queen's Square. The Wrexham Library is to the green's northern side, leading it to also be called the "Library Field". The field is popular with students from nearby Yale College. The field has a bandstand that is also popular with the city's students.
The 1912 Wrexham National Eisteddfod and the 2025 Wrexham National Eisteddfod were proclaimed here. With the 1912 proclamation having David Lloyd George in attendance, and the target of criticism from sufragettes on the Liberal government's opposition on Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. The following year's eisteddfod, for 1913, was also proclaimed here for it to take place in Abergavenny.
The Welsh Children in Need concert was held at this location in 2005.
# Rasmus Meyer

Rasmus Meyer (4 June 1858 – 14 January 1916) was a Norwegian industrialist, mill owner and art collector. He is most commonly associated with the Rasmus Meyer art collection (Rasmus Meyers samlinger) in Bergen.

## Biography

Meyer was born in Bergen, Norway to merchant Gerdt Henrich Meyer (1817-1897) and Kaia Wilhelmine Wold (1831-1864). He graduated from Tanks Upper Secondary School in Bergen in 1874. He studied modern mill operations in Germany and trained at his father's mill, Vaksdal mølle in Hordaland. Together with his father, he built a mill at Vaksdal in 1890. After the death of his father in 1897, Meyer took over the management of Vaksdal mølle. After a fire, he had a new mill built in 1899 which was designed by architect Adolph Fischer (1844-1925). By the early 1900s, he was running the largest milling operation in Norway. In 1912 the firm was transformed into a corporation with Meyer as principal shareholder.

## Personal life

Meyer was married to Charlotte Amalie Henriette Koller (1868-1953), the daughter of Karl Theodor Fredrik Koller (1827-1897) and Henriette Conradine von der Recke (1829-1909). He was decorated Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1911.

## Rasmus Meyers Samlinger

Today Rasmus Meyer is best known for his art collection (Rasmus Meyers Samlinger). In 1875, he had undertaken an educational journey through Germany to Italy where he studied art. He began collecting art and in 1905 he acquired the private collection of shipyard owner and art collector Ananias Dekke (1832–1892).
After his own death in 1916, his substantial art collection was donated to the municipality of Bergen by his heirs. The collection is now housed in a building at Lille Lungegårdsvann. The building was designed by architect Ole Landmark and erected in 1924. It now also houses the Stenersen Bergen Collection and Bergen Picture Gallery. Rasmus Meyers Samlinger is associated with KODE which operates several other museum including the Edvard Grieg Museum at Troldhaugen, Harald Sæverud Museum Siljustøl, Ole Bull Museum Lysøen as well the Bergen Art Museum and West Norway Museum of Decorative Art (Permanenten).