OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-599

German submarine U-599 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was a member of four wolfpacks, carried out one patrol and sank no ships.
She was sunk northwest of the Azores by a British aircraft on 24 October 1942.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-599 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-599 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The submarine was laid down on 27 January 1941 at Blohm & Voss, Hamburg as yard number 575, launched on 15 October and commissioned on 4 December under the command of Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Breithaupt.
She served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla from 4 December 1941 for training and the 1st flotilla from 1 September 1942 for operations.

### Patrol and loss

U-599 departed Kiel on 27 August 1942 and headed for the Atlantic Ocean. Her route took her through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She then patrolled the area southeast of Greenland and east of Labrador.
She was sunk on 24 October northwest of the Azores by depth charges dropped by a British B-24 Liberator of No. 224 Squadron RAF.
Forty-four men died in U-599; there were no survivors.

### Wolfpacks

U-599 took part in four wolfpacks, namely:
* Lohs (13 – 22 September 1942)
* Blitz (22 – 26 September 1942)
* Tiger (26 – 30 September 1942)
* Wotan (5 – 19 October 1942)
# German submarine U-60

U-60 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-60, a Type U-57 submarine launched in 1916 and that served in the First World War until surrendered on 21 November 1918; foundered in the English Channel en route to breakers June 1919
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-60, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and surrendered on 26 November 1918; foundered in the English Channel en route to breakers on 12 June 1919
*** SM UC-60, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and surrendered on 23 February 1919; broken up at Rainham in 1921
* German submarine U-60 (1939), a Type IIC submarine that served in the Second World War until scuttled 2 May 1945
# List of ambassadors of Georgia to Russia

The Georgian ambassador in Moscow was the official representative of the Government in Tbilisi to the Government of Russia.

## List of representatives

| Diplomatic accreditation | ambassador | Georgian language | Observations | Prime Minister of Georgia | Prime Minister of Russia | Term end |
| 1770 | Prince Levan of Georgia | ka:ლევან ბატონიშვილი (ერეკლე II-ის ძე) | | Heraclius II of Georgia | Catherine the Great | February 5, 1781 |
| 1784 | Garsevan Chavchavadze | ka:ალეგარსევან ჭავჭავაძექსანდრე ლომაია | | Heraclius II of Georgia | Catherine the Great | 1801 |
| 1991 | Alexander Lomaia | ka:ალექსანდრე ლომაია | | Besarion Gugushvili | Boris Yeltsin | 1991 |
| April 1993 | Valerian Advadze | ვალერიან ადვაძე | Zviad Gamsakhurdia gained the most votes (86% or 2,565,362 votes), followed by Valerian Advadze (8% or 240,243 votes), | Eduard Shevardnadze | Boris Yeltsin | January 1995 |
| 1995 | Vazha Lortkipanidze | ვაჟა ლორთქიფანიძე | | Otar Patsatsia | Boris Yeltsin | August 1998 |
| September 1998 | Malkhaz Kakabadze | მალხაზ კაკაბაძე | under Shevardnadze he was minister of special affairs responsible for the peace process. | Vazha Lortkipanidze | Boris Yeltsin | May 2000 |
| July 2000 | Zurab Abashidze [ka] | ზურაბ აბაშიძე | | Giorgi Arsenishvili | Vladimir Putin | February 2004 |
| February 2004 | Konstantin Kemularia | კონსტანტინე კემულარია | 1992-1993 he was head of the Ministry of Justice of Georgia, in 2001 he was Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights | Zurab Zhvania | Vladimir Putin | July 2004 |
| August 2004 | Valeriy Chechelashvili | ვალერი ჩეჩელაშვილი | | Zurab Zhvania | Vladimir Putin | February 2005 |
| July 2005 | Irakli Chubinishvili | ირაკლი ჩუბინიშვილი | | Zurab Noghaideli | Vladimir Putin | February 2008 |
| February 2008 | Erosi Kitsmarishvili | ეროსი კიწმარიშვილი | | Lado Gurgenidze | Dmitry Medvedev | July 11, 2008 |
55°45′15″N 37°38′41″E﻿ / ﻿55.754181°N 37.644828°E﻿ / 55.754181; 37.644828
# List of ambassadors of Germany to Afghanistan

The following is a partial list of German ambassadors to Afghanistan.

## Unified Germany (1870–1945)

* Werner Otto von Hentig, 1916–1917 (legation leader)
* Fritz Grobba, from 1923 to 1926
* August Friedrich Feigel, 1926–1929
* Leopold von Plessen, 1929
* Heribert Otto Paul Schwörbel, 1931–1933
* Kurt Max Paul Ziemke, 1933–1936
* Hans Pilger, 1937–1945

## East Germany (1945–1990)

The German Democratic Republic first sent an ambassador to Kabul 17 January 1973. The German Democratic ceased to exist in 1990, however.
* Ferdinand Thun, 1973–1976
* Klaus Wolf, 1976–1978
* Kraft Bumbel, 1979–1981
* Kurt Krüger, 1982–1986
* Kraft Bumbel, 1986–1989
* Horst Lindner, 1989–1990

## West Germany (1945–1990)

* Franz Quiring, 1954–1956
* Erich Eiswaldt, 1957–1959
* Hans Schmidt-Horix, 1959–1963
* Gerhard Moltmann, 1963–1969
* Richard Breuer, 1969–1973
* Franz Josef Hoffmann, 1973–1979
* Karl-Heinrich Berninger, 1979–1982

## Unified Germany (1990–2021)

* Rainer Eberle, 2001–2004
* Rainald Steck, 2004–2006
* Hans-Ulrich Seidt, 2006–2008
* Werner Hans Lauk, 2008–2010
* Rüdiger König, 2010–2013
* Martin Jäger, 2013–2014
* Markus Potzel, 2014–2016
* Walter Haßmann, 2016–2018
* Peter Prügel, 2018–2020
* Axel Zeidler, 2020–2021
# 2016 Nana Trophy

The 2016 Nana Trophy was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Tunis, Tunisia, on 2–8 May 2016.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| RUS | Evgeniya Rodina | 119 | 2 |
| SUI | Romina Oprandi | 137 | 2 |
| BEL | Ysaline Bonaventure | 147 | 3 |
| RUS | Irina Khromacheva | 157 | 4 |
| CZE | Tereza Smitková | 161 | 5 |
| NED | Lesley Kerkhove | 174 | 6 |
| TUR | İpek Soylu | 176 | 7 |
| FRA | Myrtille Georges | 202 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 25 April 2016.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Fiona Codino
* Dea Herdželaš
* Yasmine Mansouri
* Sandra Samir
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Maria Marfutina
* Pemra Özgen
* Nadia Podoroska
* Patty Schnyder

## Champions
### Singles

* Ons Jabeur def. Romina Oprandi, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2

### Doubles

* Arina Rodionova / Valeriya Strakhova def. Irina Khromacheva / İpek Soylu, 6–1, 6–2
# Gibbon, Oregon

Gibbon is an unincorporated community in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. It is about 20 miles (32 km) east of Pendleton on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, near the Umatilla River.
Gibbon is a station on the Union Pacific railroad that was named for Major General John Gibbon, who was in command of the Department of the Columbia based in Vancouver, Washington, in 1885–86. At the time the railroad was being constructed, a station at or near Gibbon was named Mikecha, made up from the names of three civil engineers named Mink, Kennedy, and Chalk. At the beginning of the 20th century, the name of the station was changed to Bingham Springs, because it served the Bingham Springs resort, which is 8 miles (13 km) east up the Umatilla River. The name of the post office, however, remained Gibbon. Gibbon post office ran from 1892 through 1966. At some point, the name of the railroad station was changed back to Gibbon. Today, Gibbon has an Adams mailing address.
As of 1940, Gibbon had a school that served both Native American and other children.

## Climate

This region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C). According to the Köppen climate classification, Gibbon has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, Csb on climate maps.

## Education

The community is served by the Athena Weston School District.
# Gibbon, Washington

Gibbon is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Washington, United States, between Prosser and Benton City.
The community, primarily a railroad junction, was founded as Bender by the Northern Pacific Railway Company in 1884. In April 1896, Bender's name was changed to Gibbon in honor of U.S. Army General John Gibbon who died that same year.
# Gibbon Bay

Gibbon Bay is a bay 2 km (1.2 mi) long and wide, entered between Rayner Point and The Turret along the east coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The bay was first seen in December 1821 by Captain George Powell and Captain Nathaniel Palmer, but was more accurately delineated on a 1912 chart by Captain Petter Sorlle. It was recharted in 1933 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II and named for the ship's surgeon, Dr G.M. Gibbon.

## Important Bird Area

The bay has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 13,000 pairs of chinstrap penguins as well as being a nesting site for snow petrels.
# Geçitli Cumhuriyet

Geçitli Cumhuriyet is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Yüreğir, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,259 (2022). Geçitli was an independent municipality until it was merged into the municipality of Yüreğir in 2008.
# Australian Tapestry Workshop

The Australian Tapestry Workshop (formerly known as the Victorian Tapestry Workshop) is a not-for-profit organisation that employs weavers to create tapestry pieces and promotes tapestry creation though collaboration with contemporary artists. Founding director of the workshop, Sue Walker, described role of the workshop to be "the fostering of artistic collaboration rather than the development of a subservient technical skill".

## History

Established in 1976 as the Victorian Tapestry Workshop, the Australian Tapestry Workshop was the product of years of research and planning by Lady Joyce Delacombe and Dame Elisabeth Murdoch supported by Premier and self-appointed Minister for the Arts Rupert Hamer. The two women formed a committee to explore the feasibility of the workshop in 1974 beginning with a study of the local art scene and including research into the methods employed by overseas tapestry workshops. It was agreed that if such a place were to exist in Australia it would have to engage weaver's artistic as well as their technical abilities. The workshop was modelled on the Dovecot Studios in Edinburgh, Scotland, where artists and weavers collaborated to create tapestries. State funding was secured by June 1975 and the workshop was opened on 24 February 1976.

### Name change

The name of the Victorian Tapestry Workshop was changed to the Australian Tapestry Workshop in 2010.

## About

The Australian Tapestry Workshop employs weavers to create unique tapestry pieces using the traditional Gobelin technique of tapestry weaving. It has collaborated with over 300 artists since its conception and created over 400 tapestries.

## The building

The Australian Tapestry Workshop building in South Melbourne, Victoria was constructed in 1885 by architect Thomas James Crouch of Crouch and Wilson, and updated by Peter Carmichael in 1976 and Peter Williams in 1999. It is a fine example of a Victorian Free Gothic style building and is included in the now defunct Register of the National Estate. The building originally served as drapery establishment Harcourt and Parry Emporium and the Patross Knitting Mills, the title of which is still painted on the façade.

## Significant projects

In 1988 the Australian Tapestry Workshop worked with Arthur Boyd to create a 9.18 x 19.9 m tapestry for the Reception Hall of Parliament House in Canberra. It is currently the second largest tapestry in the world.
Some other notable collaborations between artists and the Australian Tapestry Workshop include the translation of works by John Coburn, Jon Cattapan, and John Olsen into tapestry.
# Austromorium

Austromorium is an Australian genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains two species, one of which, Austromorium flavigaster, is fairly common and widespread in southern Australia. The other species, Austromorium hetericki, is only found in Western Australia. Little is known about their biology.

## Species

* Austromorium flavigaster (Clark, 1938)
* Austromorium hetericki Shattuck, 2009
# Austromusotima camptozonale

Austromusotima camptozonale, the climbing maidhair pyralid moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is native to Australia, but attempts have been made to introduce it to southern Florida as a biological control agent for Old World climbing fern.
The wingspan is about 10 mm.
The larvae feed on Lygodium microphyllum, Lygodium japonicum and Lygodium palmatum.
# Ghosts of Goldfield

Ghosts of Goldfield is a 2007 American supernatural horror film directed by Ed Winfield. This film music composed by Steve Yeaman. The film stars Kellan Lutz, Marnette Patterson, Mandy Amano, Scott Whyte, Chuck Zito and Ashly Margaret Rae in the lead roles.

## Plot

A group of five led by Julie set up their filming equipment in the hotel of the derelict town of Goldfield, hoping to capture footage of the ghost of Elisabeth Walker, a maid tortured and killed in room 109. Troubled by visions, Julie discovers that a necklace, handed down to her from her grandmother, is somehow connecting her to this tragedy.

## Cast

* Kellan Lutz as Chad
* Marnette Patterson as Julie
* Mandy Amano as Keri
* Scott Whyte as Dean
* Chuck Zito as George Winfield
* Ashly Margaret Rae as Elizabeth Walker
* John Bloom as Clancy
* Teri Corcoran as Can-can dancer
* Roddy Piper as Jackson Smith
* Richie Chance as Mike
# Ghosts of Chosun

Ghosts of Chosun (Korean: 이조괴담; RR: Ijogoedam), or A Ghost Story of Joseon Dynasty, is a 1970 South Korean film directed by Shin Sang-ok.

## Plot

Prince Yeonsan-gun lusts after Yahwa, whose husband Yun Pil-u was executed after being branded a traitor. Yahwa chooses to take her own life in order to be reunited with Pil-u, but before she dies she asks her cat to take revenge for them. Afterwards, the bodies of court ladies and patrol guards are found dead in the palace every morning, and the ghosts of Yahwa and Pil-u are seen accompanied by the mewing of a cat. Kim Chung-won, Pil-u's friend and head of the guardsmen, uses the power of a Buddhist priest to get rid of the ghosts and restore peace to the nation.

## Cast

* Jo Su-hyeon
* Choe Ji-suk
* Jeon Young-ju
* Lee Gang-hui
* Choe Gwang-ho
* Lee Ki-young
* Choe In-suk
* Yun So-ra
* Gang Seong-hui
* Lee Nam-hui
* Park Bu-yang
* Jeon Shook
* Sin Dong-ok
* Lee Jong-cheol
* Ji Bang-yeol
# Routeburn Classic

The Routeburn Classic mountain run is a mountain running event in New Zealand and is 32 km (20 mi) in distance, following the entire Routeburn Track. It is an annual event which was first held in 2001, and draws many local competitors as well as many international runners. Numbers are limited to about 350 for each event to reduce impact on the area, which is one of the great walks in New Zealand and is looked after by the Department of Conservation.

## Route

The race starts at the Divide (which is the Te Anau end) at 8 am on the main road which is closed to traffic. This allows the field to spread out before entering the track which is narrow in places. The course follows the track uphill for most of the way to the Howden Hut After that, the track again ascends upwards, passing through Earland Falls then through The Orchard and on to McKenzie Hut, which is the first of the checkpoints. The next section is a long uphill before runners eventually reaching another major checkpoint at the Harris Saddle. Nearby is the highest point on the Routeburn Track at 1300m. Runners pass above the scenic Lake Harris before the track descends with a tricky rock section towards the last major checkpoint at the Routeburn Falls Hut. The track continues down until the Routeburn Flats Hut, where it begins to even out into a reasonably flat gradient. The last 6 kilometres pass over several streams before the finish line at the Routeburn Shelter.

## Records

Often the fastest runners complete the entire track in under three hours; the average tramper will take about three days to walk the same distance. The current records are held by Jack Beaumont set in 2017 (2:37:51) for the men and Sarah Douglas set in 2014 for the women (3:16:48).

## Community support

Many volunteers donate time to help out in the organisation and running of the event. One of the main volunteer roles is that of marshalling. Marshalls are posted in key locations along the track and monitor runners as they pass through, making sure everyone is accounted for and helping anyone who gets injured or needs assistance.

## Weather

Being a mountain environment, the weather can change at any moment with rain, snow and ice events in some years making conditions challenging. In the 2016 race it was postponed to the Sunday because of adverse weather conditions. In the 2018 race it was delayed until the Sunday because of snow and then cancelled due to dangerous track conditions.
# Privacy screen

Privacy screen may refer to:
* A room divider, especially one used for privacy while changing.
* A type of monitor filter that makes it difficult for someone other than the user to see the contents of the screen.
# Australian Walkabout

Australian Walkabout is a TV series made for the ABC and BBC by director Charles Chauvel. It was the last project completed by Chauvel prior to his death.
Lee Robinson later got the rights to the series and sold it to Germany and Japan.
# Probationary firefighter

A probationary firefighter (PFF), also known as a rookie firefighter, a candidate firefighter, or probie, for short, is any firefighter in their first 6–18 months of service in a particular fire department. The title of probationary firefighter is generally the lowest rank in a fire department's rank structure.
The primary responsibility of a probationary or rookie firefighter is to learn how to be a firefighter, and they are both mentored and closely inspected by other senior firefighters and the officers. Probationary firefighters can be full operating firefighters, responding to calls and entering buildings, as is the often case in paid departments. Alternatively, they can be firefighters who do not perform interior operations, as is the case with most volunteer departments. In fact, PFFs are often given the menial jobs that few want to do, such as station cleanup, salvage operations, and fetching equipment. The term PFF can also be used to refer to the people in probationary firefighters school, also known as the "Fire Academy" in the New York City Fire Department.
# Probatostola

Probatostola is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tineidae. It contains only one species, Probatostola ochromalla, which is found in Namibia.
# Rudolph Herzog

Rudolph Herzog (born 1973, Munich) is a German film director, producer and writer.

## Films

* 2022: Last Exit: Space, a documentary about colonizing space, director; Last Exit: Space at IMDb
* 2019: How to Fake a War, released at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, How to Fake a War at IMDb
* 2011: BBC/ARD documentary on humour in Nazi Germany based on the book Dead Funny
* 2014:The President, coproducer, a feature film about the last days of a dictator.
** Best Film at the Chicago Film Festival, the Audience Award for Best Film from the Tokyo FILMeX and the Beirut International Film Festival and the Golden Hooker Award at the Galway Film Fleadh; The President at IMDb
* 2014: A Short History of Nuclear Folly; original German title: Die Atombombe im Vorgarten; A Short History of Nuclear Folly at IMDb
** A documentary based on the book Der verstrahlte Westernheld translated as A Short History of Nuclear Folly
* 2010: Amundsen - Lost in the Arctic, a National Geographic documentary on polar explorer Roald Amundsen, writer, director
* 2008: Abora - Letzte Position Atlantik
* The Agent, about the Stasi double agent Werner Stiller [de]
* 2006: Heil Hitler, das Schwein ist tot! - Humor unterm Hakenkreuz; Heil Hitler, das Schwein ist tot! at IMDb
** TV film about Holocaust humor
** English title: Ve Have Vays Of Making You Laugh. Jokes about Hitler could get you killed...)
** 2007: UK release (BBC): Laughing with Hitler, narrator; Laughing with Hitler at IMDb
* 2004: The White Diamond, documentary, screenplay by Rudolph Herzog; directed by Werner Herzog; The White Diamond at IMDb
* 2004: The Heist, reality crime series, director

## Books

* 2017: Truggestalten
** A collection of seven supernatural stories
** 2019: Translation: Ghosts of Berlin ISBN 9781612197517
* 2012: Der verstrahlte Westernheld und anderer Irrsinn aus dem Atomzeitalter ("The irradiated western hero and other madness from the nuclear age")
** 2014: Translation: A Short History of Nuclear Folly
* 2006: Heil Hitler, das Schwein ist tot! Lachen unter Hitler - Komik und Humor im Dritten Reich, ISBN 3821807733
** 2011: Translation: Dead Funny. Telling Jokes in Hitler's Germany (based on Laughing with Hitler)
*** Named Book of the Year by The Atlantic