OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stachystemon vinosus

Stachystemon vinosus is a species of flowering plant in the family Picrodendraceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a compact, monoecious shrub with narrowly egg-shaped or narrowly oblong leaves and maroon to purplish red and white male flowers and white female flowers arranged singly in upper leaf axils, but forming clusters at the ends of branches.

## Description

Stachystemon vinosus is a compact, monoecious shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 10 cm (3.9 in) and has smooth, glabrous branchlets. Its leaves are well-spaced along the stems and branchlets, narrowly egg-shaped or narrowly oblong, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long and 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–0.9 mm (0.020–0.035 in), with reddish-brown, narrowly triangular stipules 0.8–1.5 mm (0.031–0.059 in) long at the base. Both sides of the leaves are more or less glabrous, but the edges of the leaves are pimply. The flowers are arranged singly in upper leaf axils forming clusters on the ends of branches with reddish brown, triangular bracts about 1.0 mm (0.039 in) long and one or two similar, but smaller bracteoles at the base. Male flowers are on a stout pedicel about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long with 6 dissimilar tepals in two whorls, the inner whorl purplish-red 6.5–7.0 mm (0.26–0.28 in) long and 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide, the outer whorl 2.5–3.0 mm (0.098–0.118 in) and 1.5–2 mm (0.059–0.079 in) wide. There are 26 to 40 stamens, the anthers dark purplish-red. Female flowers are sessile and usually have 6 white, narrowly egg-shaped tepals 1.5–2.4 mm (0.059–0.094 in) long and 0.4–0.7 mm (0.016–0.028 in) wide. Flowering has been observed from September to November, and the fruit is a compressed oval capsule about 6.5 mm (0.26 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Stachystemon vinosus was first formally described in 2003 by David Halford and Rodney Henderson in the journal Austrobaileya from specimens collected near the mouth of the Oldfield River in 1968. The specific epithet (vinosus) means "wine-coloured" or "purplish-red", referring to the colours of the male flowers.

## Distribution and habitat

This species grows on fine, loamy sand or stony soils on sandplains, rock crevices and breakaways along the south coast of Western Australia, from near the Oldfield River to Cape Arid National Park in the Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia.
# Golod–Shafarevich theorem

In mathematics, the Golod–Shafarevich theorem was proved in 1964 by Evgeny Golod and Igor Shafarevich. It is a result in non-commutative homological algebra which solves the class field tower problem, by showing that class field towers can be infinite.

## The inequality

Let A = K⟨x$_1$, ..., x$_n$⟩ be the free algebra over a field K in n = d + 1 non-commuting variables x$_i$.
Let J be the 2-sided ideal of A generated by homogeneous elements f$_j$ of A of degree d$_j$ with
    2 ≤ d$_1$ ≤ d$_2$ ≤ ...
where d$_j$ tends to infinity. Let r$_i$ be the number of d$_j$ equal to i.
Let B=A/J, a graded algebra. Let b$_j$ = dim B$_j$.
The fundamental inequality of Golod and Shafarevich states that
       $b_{j}\geq nb_{j-1}-\sum _{i=2}^{j}b_{j-i}r_{i}.$
As a consequence:
* B is infinite-dimensional if r$_i$ ≤ d$^2$/4 for all i

## Applications

This result has important applications in combinatorial group theory:
* If G is a nontrivial finite p-group, then r > d$^2$/4 where d = dim H$^1$(G,Z/pZ) and r = dim H$^2$(G,Z/pZ) (the mod p cohomology groups of G). In particular if G is a finite p-group with minimal number of generators d and has r relators in a given presentation, then r > d$^2$/4.
* For each prime p, there is an infinite group G generated by three elements in which each element has order a power of p. The group G provides a counterexample to the generalised Burnside conjecture: it is a finitely generated infinite torsion group, although there is no uniform bound on the order of its elements.
In class field theory, the class field tower of a number field K is created by iterating the Hilbert class field construction. The class field tower problem asks whether this tower is always finite; Hasse (1926) attributed this question to Furtwangler, though Furtwangler said he had heard it from Schreier. Another consequence of the Golod–Shafarevich theorem is that such towers may be infinite (in other words, do not always terminate in a field equal to its Hilbert class field). Specifically,
* Let K be an imaginary quadratic field whose discriminant has at least 6 prime factors. Then the maximal unramified 2-extension of K has infinite degree.
More generally, a number field with sufficiently many prime factors in the discriminant has an infinite class field tower.
# 2020 Liga 3 (Indonesia)

The 2020 Liga 3 would be the fourth season of the Liga 3 under its current name, the fifth season under its current league structure, and the only amateur league football competition in Indonesia. It was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

## Teams
### Team changes

The following teams have changed division since the 2019 season.

#### To Liga 3

Relegated from Liga 2
* PSGC
* Persibat
* Bandung United
* Madura
* Persatu
* PSMP

#### From Liga 3

Promoted to Liga 2
* Persijap
* PSKC
* Tiga Naga
* Persekat
* Putra Sinar Giri
* Semeru

## Qualifying round

In contrast to last season, the teams that managed to advance to the second round in the previous season will start from their respective provincial round. First, each province held their provincial league followed by unlimited amateur teams with different competition format. Then qualified teams from provincial league will be competing in their respective region to earn 32 slots in national round.

### Province round

These teams will be the representatives from their provincial league to be competing in regional round.
Sumatra Region :
* Province
* Aceh |
* North Sumatra |
* Riau |
* Riau Islands
* West Sumatra |
* Jambi |
* Bengkulu
* Bangka Belitung
* South Sumatra |
* Lampung |
Kalimantan Region :
* Province
* West Kalimantan |
* Central Kalimantan
* South Kalimantan
* East Kalimantan
* North Kalimantan
Java Region :
* Province
* Banten |
* Jakarta |
* West Java |
* Central Java |
* Yogyakarta |
* East Java |
Lesser Sunda Islands Region :
* Province
* Bali |
* West Nusa Tenggara |
* East Nusa Tenggara |
Sulawesi Region :
* Province
* Gorontalo
* North Sulawesi
* Central Sulawesi
* West Sulawesi
* Southeast Sulawesi
* South Sulawesi
Maluku Region :
| Province | Teams |
| Maluku | |
| North Maluku | |
Papua Region :
| Province | Teams |
| West Papua | |
| Papua | |
Notes:
* BOLD: Winner of each provincial league.
* Grey background denotes provinces that did not held province round due to COVID-19 pandemic.
# Samir Haouam

Samir Haouam (born 1 July 1968) is a retired Algerian athlete specialising in the hammer throw. He won multiple medals at the continental level, including the gold at the 2000 African Championships.
His personal best in the event is 71.28 metres from 2001 and Algerian record holder.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| Representing Algeria |||||
| 1993 | African Championships | Durban, South Africa | 2nd | 63.76 m |
| 1996 | African Championships | Yaoundé, Cameroon | 2nd | 65.32 m |
| 1998 | African Championships | Dakar, Senegal | 3rd | 68.79 m |
| 1999 | All-Africa Games | Johannesburg, South Africa | 2nd | 65.80 m |
| 2000 | African Championships | Algiers, Algeria | 1st | 69.38 m |
| 2001 | Mediterranean Games | Radès, Tunisia | – | NM |
| 2003 | All-Africa Games | Abuja, Nigeria | 3rd | 68.95 m |
| 2003 | Afro-Asian Games | Hyderabad, India | 3rd | 69.37 m |
| 2004 | African Championships | Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo | 4th | 66.48 m |
| 2007 | All-Africa Games | Algiers, Algeria | 4th | 63.96 m |
# In the Hearts of Green Birds

In the Hearts of Green Birds: The Martyrs of Bosnia, a book by various anonymous authors about the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is a foundational text in Islamist literature and exists in numerous languages and recensions. It focuses on the deaths of foreign Muslims who had gone to Bosnia to serve as fighters, or mujahadin and describes their deaths as that of martyrs (in Arabic, shuhadaa, plural for shahid). The book is available on many Internet sites and is especially popular in audio format, which was the original form before it appeared as a printed text. Audio versions include anaasheed (plural for nasheed), Islamic-oriented songs that were recorded by shuhadaa before their deaths. (Devji: 87, 110)
The title refers to the common belief that the souls of martyrs are carried in the hearts of green birds. This idea has also been an inspiration for a book of a similar name but very different subject matter, In the Belly of the Green Bird, which is an account of the fall of Saddam Hussein and the US military operations in Iraq (Xenakis). Nir Rosen is the author of this latter book.
The book is also said to have lured British shoe-bomber, Saajid Badat, into travelling to Afghanistan to join al-Qaeda in 2001.
# Tarand

Tarand may refer to:

## People

* Andres Tarand (born 1940), Estonian politician
* Helmut Tarand (1911–1987), Estonian poet, philiogist and cultural figure
* Indrek Tarand (born 1964), Estonian politician
* Kaarel Tarand (born 1966), Estonian journalist

## Places

* Tarand-e Bala, village in Tehran Province, Iran
* Tarand-e Pain, village in Tehran Province, Iran
* Tarand Rural District, administrative subdivision of Tehran Province, Iran

## Other

* Tarand (animal), a legendary creature first mentioned by Pliny the Elder
* Tarand grave [de; et; fi; ru], a type of Iron Age burial associated with Baltic Finnic peoples.
# 2008 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team

The 2008 Northern Arizona Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Northern Arizona University (NAU) as a member of the Big Sky Conference (Big Sky) during the 2008 NCAA Division I FCS football season. In their eleventh year under head coach Jerome Souers, the Lumberjacks compiled a 6–5 record (4–4 against conference opponents), outscored opponents by a total of 316 to 273, and finished fifth out of nine teams in the Big Sky.
On September 6, the team set a school record with 752 yards of total offense against New Mexico Highlands.
The team played its home games at the J. Lawrence Walkup Skydome, commonly known as the Walkup Skydome, in Flagstaff, Arizona.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| August 30 | at No. 15 Arizona State* | | Sun Devil StadiumTempe, AZ | L 13–30 | 62,707 |
| September 6 | New Mexico Highlands* | | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | W 68–10 | |
| September 20 | at Southern Utah* | | Eccles ColiseumCedar City, UT (rivalry) | W 19–14 | |
| September 27 | at Northern Colorado | | Nottingham FieldGreeley, CO | W 25–22 | |
| October 4 | Sacramento State | No. 24 | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | W 42–10 | 9,157 |
| October 11 | Portland State | No. 18 | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | W 37–17 | 5,836 |
| October 18 | at Idaho State | No. 17 | Holt ArenaPocatello, ID | W 52–30 | |
| October 25 | No. 16 Weber State | No. 15 | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | L 14–42 | 9,007 |
| November 1 | at No. 6 Montana | No. 19 | Washington–Grizzly StadiumMissoula, MT | L 10–45 | 24,003 |
| November 8 | Montana State | No. 23 | Walkup SkydomeFlagstaff, AZ | L 10–45 | 5,777 |
| November 15 | at Eastern Washington | | Woodward FieldCheney, WA | L 13–28 | 4,902 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Political Database of the Americas

The Political Database of the Americas (PDBA) is a non-governmental organization based at the Center for Latin American Studies (CLAS), an academic center of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. It was formed in collaboration with the Organization of American States (OAS) and FLACSO-Chile. The PDBA was succeeded by the States and Institutions of Governance in Latin America (SIGLA) database, the beta version of which launched in 2022.

## History

The Political Database of the Americas was formed at Georgetown University in 1995 as a result of the 1st Summit of the Americas in 1994 in Miami. This recognized democracy as the only legitimate form of government in the Western Hemisphere, and the OAS and Tinker Foundation funded the creation of the PDBA to promote this mission.

## Objective

The objective of the database is to "contribute to the study, promotion and strengthening of democracy in the hemisphere". To achieve this objective, it collects, organises, exchanges and disseminates information, data, statistics on institutions from a political perspective, comparative studies; and other resources relevant to 35 American countries. The database provides comprehensive information about the political systems, institutions and governance of 35 countries in the region.

## States and Institutions of Governance in Latin America (SIGLA)

In 2010, new investment in the project ceased and the PDBA was decommissioned, leaving a vacuum for scholars and others interested in Latin American political institutions. The PDBA was succeeded by the States and Institutions of Governance in Latin America (SIGLA) database, the beta version of which launched in 2022. The SIGLA project gathers, archives, and disseminates systematic information on legal and political institutions in Latin America. As this information is freely available to users across the Americas and around the world, SIGLA democratizes access to comparable data about governance in the region. The beta version of the database provides information on Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
# Pollenia consectata

Pollenia consectata is a species of cluster fly in the family Polleniidae.

## Distribution

New Zealand.
# Gabrielle Colonna-Romano

Gabrielle Colonna-Romano (January 17 1888 – February 2 1981) or Colanna Romano (name as a cinema actress), born Gabrielle Dreyfus, was a French actress, famous as a tragedian, sociétaire of the Comédie-Française from 1913 to 1936, and as a student of Sarah Bernhardt. She appeared in several plays and poetry readings (notably of works by the Symbolist poet Saint-Pol-Roux). She had an affair with Pierre Renoir, and modeled for several paintings by his father Auguste Renoir, notably Jeune femme à la rose (1913). In England, she met and became friends with Marie Bell, on whose advice she decided to present herself to the Conservatoire.
She was the sixth and final wife of the millionaire press-magnate Alfred Edwards, and after his death married the actor Pierre Alcover. She and Alcover are buried together in the Rueil-Malmaison cemetery.
She gives her name to the "Prix Colonna-Romano de tragédie classique" at the Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique in Paris.

## Filmography

* 1908 : Hamlet, directed by Henri Desfontaines (Gertrude)
* 1910 : Le Scarabée d'or, directed by Henri Desfontaines
* 1910 : Hop-Frog, directed by Henri Desfontaines
* 1911 : Le Roman de la momie (film), directed by Henri Desfontaines
* 1912 : Antar, directed by Chékri Ganem
* 1913 : L'Honneur, directed by Henri Pouctal
# Holiday Island (disambiguation)

Holiday Island may refer to:
* Holiday Island, Australian television series made by Crawford Productions for Network Ten
* Holiday Island (film), 1957 Italian comedy film
* Holiday Island (1996 video game), business simulation video game developed by German games design company Sunflower
* Holiday Island, Arkansas, census-designated place in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States
* MV Holiday Island, Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait from 1971-2022
# Gamers 4 Croydon

Gamers 4 Croydon (G4C) was a minor political party in South Australia which contested the 2010 state election. The party disbanded shortly after the election and endorsed the Australian Sex Party and the Greens as possible replacements for support.

## History

The party had a strong anti-censorship message, particularly relating to the lack of an R18+ classification for video games in Australia. Founded in late 2009 and registered in 2010, its aim was to unseat South Australian Attorney-General Michael Atkinson from his seat of Croydon in the House of Assembly (lower house). Atkinson, having stepped down from the position of South Australian Attorney-General after the election was the only state Attorney-General who opposed the introduction of an R18+ classification, and was largely responsible for its absence, as to introduce such a rating required the unanimous approval of all Attorneys-General. Atkinson's successor, John Rau, took a different view and supported the introduction of an R18+ classification.

## Electoral results
### 2010 SA election

The party ran six candidates at the 2010 South Australian state election. Kat Nicholson, a postgraduate journalism student, ran for the seat of Croydon. David Egge ran for the seat of Norwood, Tom Birdseye ran for the seat of Adelaide, Matthew Allpress ran for the seat of Light, and Ben Ernst ran for the seat of Mawson. Party president and software engineer Chris Prior ran for the Legislative Council (upper house).
In the lower house, the party performed best in Croydon (3.7 percent) and worst in Light (1.0 percent). In the upper house, the party received 0.8 percent (7994 votes) of the statewide vote. No candidates were elected.

## Mentions

After the election, Valve Software's Gabe Newell added an Left4Dead2 in-game thank you message to Gamers 4 Croydon, in one of the safe houses for their work on getting the R18+ classification introduced for video games.
“We really appreciate your work for the Australian gaming community. Pretty impressive what you were able to accomplish. Please see the attached image. This will be going into the game next week.”
# 2007 in piracy
## Events

* June 3 - Danica White owned by H. Folmer & Co. is hijacked 240 nautical miles (440 km) off the Horn of Africa.
# Rob Riley (Aboriginal activist)

Robert Riley (10 December 1954 – 1 May 1996) was an Aboriginal activist advancing Indigenous issues in Australia.

## Early life

Soon after his birth, he was removed from his family and placed in state care at Sister Kate's in Queens Park, Western Australia. He was almost ten years old before he knew his mother was alive and was reunited with his family when he was 12. He wrote a publication whilst he was the CEO of the Western Australian Aboriginal Legal Service Inc telling of his experience of forced removal (known as the Stolen Generations). Telling Our Story was described as "the most comprehensive description of the experience of Aboriginal people removed from their families undertaken in Western Australia".
   He got involved in activist politics in the late 70’s and came into prominence during the Noonkanbah dispute of 1980 when he was working at the WA branch of the Aboriginal Legal Service. This protest paved the way for the modern land right movement"

## Later life and death

Riley was Chairperson of the National Aboriginal Council and part of the negotiating team on the Native Title Act.
On the national political stage, Riley was senior advisor to the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, as well as Head of the Aboriginal Issues Unit of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.
He established the Perth Aboriginal Medical Service, the Aboriginal Child Care Agency, the Centre for Aboriginal Studies at Curtin University and Western Australia Aboriginal Media Association. He was awarded the Human Rights Medal in 1996.
In 1995, Riley announced in two speeches that a trio of older boys had sexually abused him during his time at Sister Kate's. On 1 May 1996, Riley died by suicide in Perth at the Bentley Motor Lodge. In the days leading to his death, he was unemployed and was charged with major motor infractions.

## Honours

In 2004, the Centre of Aboriginal Studies established the Rob Riley Memorial Lectures in his honour.
# Poltringen Airfield

Poltringen Airfield is a private airfield located in Poltringen, which belongs to the town of Ammerbuch, Germany. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of Tübingen and 31 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Stuttgart. It is only open to airplanes and gliders of the aviation clubs Ammerbuch, Herrenberg and Unterjesingen. Exceptions must be approved by the administration of the Tübingen region.
The airfield traffic pattern for airplanes is west of the airfield at 2700 ft.
* This article about an airport in Germany is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article about a Baden-Württemberg building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Rob Gardner (musician)

Robert Gardner (born March 26, 1965) is an American musician best known as the drummer for the original lineups of L.A. Guns and Guns N' Roses, and was also the backup drummer for Hollywood Rose.

## Early life

Gardner was born in Manhattan, New York. His parents divorced when he was young and both had remarried. His father would move to Los Angeles, California in 1972, while his mother remained in New York. Gardner moved to live with his father and attended Fairfax High in 1979, where he met future L.A. Guns members Mike Jagosz and Tracy Ulrich. He also met future Hollywood Rose member Chris Weber as well as future Guns N' Roses members Saul Hudson and Steven Adler around this time.
Gardner and Ulrich decided to form a band, rehearsing in a garage at Gardner's father's house. Gardner suggested Jagosz as singer for the band. Originally in a band together called Pyrrhus alongside bassist Dani Tull, they would officially form L.A. Guns after the group hired Danish bassist Ole Beich to fill out the lineup. Gardner was 18 years old while, Jagosz and Ulrich were 17 years old at the formation of the band. He would also serve as the backup drummer for Hollywood Rose.
His drumming inspirations are John Bonham, Keith Moon, Neil Peart, Ginger Baker, Ian Paice, and Mitch Mitchell.

## L.A. Guns (1983–85)

L.A. Guns was first formed in 1983 by Gardner along with guitarist Tracii Guns, bassist Ole Beich, and vocalist Michael Jagosz. Jagosz was arrested and was briefly replaced by William Bailey. Michael Jagosz came back to with the group recording the only material by this original incarnation of L.A. Guns. The material would be released as a bonus disc, titled Collector's Edition No. 1 in 1985, with the compilation album Hollywood Raw in 2004. In 1985, Gardner was replaced by Nickey Alexander.

## Hollywood Rose, Guns N' Roses (1985)

Hollywood Rose reunited for a New Year's Eve concert in 1985, joined by Gardner and Tracii Guns. L.A. Guns would merge with Hollywood Rose, combining their names to become Guns N' Roses. The first lineup consisted of Gardner, Rose, Guns, Stradlin and Beich.
Duff McKagan replaced Beich and booked shows taking place between Sacramento and Seattle, which was dubbed "The Hell Tour". During this time, Gardner quit the group and was replaced by Steven Adler.

## Discography
### with L.A. Guns

* Collector's Edition No. 1 (1985)