OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ian Barnes (biologist)

Ian Barnes (born in Chadwell Heath in 1972) is an evolutionary geneticist notable for his work on ancient DNA, human and animal migration, and phylogenetics. Barnes is a Research Leader in the Department of Earth Sciences at the Natural History Museum in London.
He pioneered the use of ancient DNA to study the Late Pleistocene mammal fauna, which has provided insights into how animals responded to global climate change. More recently, his research has explored human population change in prehistoric Britain, including work on the Mesolithic human skeleton known as Cheddar Man
His work on phylogenetics includes a study of South American mammal species first identified by Darwin, led in collaboration with the University of York, and the American Museum of Natural History, which “resolved one of the last unresolved major problems in mammalian evolution: the origins of the South American native ungulates". He has also resolved the phylogenetic placement of the Nesophontidae, and evolutionary origins of various Caribbean mammal lineages including primates and rodents.

## Education and career

Barnes obtained a BSc in Archaeological Sciences from the University of Bradford, and a DPhil in Biology from the University of York supervised by Keith Dobney. Following his doctoral research, Barnes worked with Mark Thomas at UCL on the recovery of DNA from medical museum specimens, and with Alan J. Cooper at the University of Oxford. He was then awarded a Wellcome Trust Bioarchaeology Fellowship and returned to UCL, and subsequently received a NERC fellowship to work on the Late Pleistocene megafauna at Royal Holloway, University of London. He was made Professor of Molecular Palaeobiology there in 2013, and moved that year to the Natural History Museum. He is the recipient of numerous research awards from major funding bodies including the Wellcome Trust and UKRI.
# Pteroteinon capronnieri

Pteroteinon capronnieri, or Capronnier's red-eye, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda and north-western Tanzania. The habitat consists of deep forests.
# Giffnock Newton Mearns Synagogue

The Giffnock Newton Mearns Synagogue, commonly known as Giffnock Shul, is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 222 Fenwick Road in Giffnock, East Renfrewshire, on the south side of Glasgow, Scotland, in the United Kingdom. The synagogue is the largest in Scotland and also features a religious day school for both children and teenagers.
The congregation was formed through a 2021 merger of the Giffnock Synagogue and the Newton Mearns Synagogue, to form a congregation with 850 members. The final service held in the former Newtown Mearns Synagogue, at 14 Larchfield Court, was conducted in January 2023. The new congregation worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

## History

The Giffnock Newlands Hebrew Congregation was founded in the early 1930s, meeting initially in the Girl Guides Hall and later in the Giffnock Police Court House, until the first synagogue, in May Terrace, was established in 1938. This building was expanded in the 1950s and used until a new expanded synagogue, on Maryville Avenue, was completed in 1968.
The Newton Mearns & District Hebrew Congregation was founded in 1954 and worshipped initially at Berkeley, Edgehill and then Beech Avenue, Newton Mearns, before completing the Newton Mearns Synagogue at 14 Larchfield Court in 1977.
Giffnock Shul is a provincial synagogue and, as an affiliate member of the United Synagogue organization of United Kingdom, the congregation is under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations.

## Spiritual leadership

The congregation is led by Rabbi Moshe Rubin who hails from the United States and joined the community in 1990, first serving as their cantor. He was asked to take over the pulpit in 1999, after the retirement of the Rabbi Philip Greenberg, who retired in 1998. Giffnock's cantor from 1964 to 1990 (then emeritus cantor) was Rev Ernest Levy OBE (d. August 2009). The cantor for the high holy days since 2008 has been Mr. Russell Grossman, of London.

## Membership

* 1938 – 350 seatholders (Jewish Year Book 1939)
* 1950 – 400 seatholders (Jewish Year Book 1951)
* 1953 – 550 seatholders (Jewish Year Book 1954)
* 1957 – 750 seatholders (Jewish Year Book 1958)
* 2007 – 700 seatholders (approximation)
# 2018 Amex-Istanbul Challenger

The 2018 Amex-Istanbul Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 31st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2018 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Istanbul, Turkey between 10 and 16 September 2018.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ITA | Thomas Fabbiano | 110 | 1 |
| FRA | Corentin Moutet | 112 | 2 |
| ESP | Adrián Menéndez Maceiras | 114 | 3 |
| FRA | Quentin Halys | 156 | 4 |
| FRA | Constant Lestienne | 171 | 5 |
| GER | Oscar Otte | 183 | 6 |
| NED | Tallon Griekspoor | 187 | 7 |
| AUT | Lucas Miedler | 219 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 27 August 2018.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Ergi Kırkın
* Nicola Kuhn
* Aleksandre Metreveli
* Anıl Yüksel
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Enzo Couacaud
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as an alternate:
* Hugo Grenier
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Altuğ Çelikbilek
* Youssef Hossam
* Tim van Rijthoven
* Tak Khunn Wang

## Champions
### Singles

* Corentin Moutet def. Quentin Halys 6–3, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Rameez Junaid / Purav Raja def. Timur Khabibulin / Vladyslav Manafov 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, 4–6, [10–7].
# Ibanda, South Kivu

Ibanda is a commune in Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It corresponds to the city center. It is bounded on the north by Lake Kivu and on the east by Rwanda.
# Axel Proet Høst

Axel Proet Høst (1907 – 1985) was a Norwegian sports official. He was president of the Norwegian Boxing Association from 1938 to 1949. He was president of the Norwegian Confederation of Sports from 1961 to 1965.
He served as høyesterettssakfører (high court lawyer) in Horten, in southern Norway. During World War II, he was a leader of the local resistance to the Nazi occupation, then narrowly escaped to Britain to continue the fight, while the occupiers imprisoned his wife.
# Rundown (disambiguation)

Rundown may refer to:
* Rundown, an event in a baseball game
* Run down, a stew dish in Jamaica and Tobago
* Rundown (Scientology), a set of procedures
* RunDown Funk U Up, album by D'banj
* The Rundown, a 2003 film
* The Rundown (Singaporean TV program), business news, 2014–2018
* The Rundown with José Diaz-Balart, a US political talk show
* The Rundown with Robin Thede, a US talk show
* MFC 31: Rundown, a 2011 mixed martial arts event in Edmonton, Canada
# Rundlet

The rundlet is an archaic unit-like size of wine casks once used in Britain. It was equivalent to about 68 litres. It used to be defined as 18 wine gallons—one of several gallons then in use—before the adoption of the imperial system in 1824, afterwards it was 15 imperial gallons, which became the universal English base unit of volume in the British realm.
English wine cask units :
| gallon | rundlet | barrel | tierce | hogshead | puncheon, tertian | pipe, butt | tun | |
| | | | | | | | 1 | tun |
| | | | | | | 1 | 2 | pipes, butts |
| | | | | | 1 | 1+1⁄2 | 3 | puncheons, tertians |
| | | | | 1 | 1+1⁄3 | 2 | 4 | hogsheads |
| | | | 1 | 1+1⁄2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | tierces |
| | | 1 | 1+1⁄3 | 2 | 2+2⁄3 | 4 | 8 | barrels |
| | 1 | 1+3⁄4 | 2+1⁄3 | 3+1⁄2 | 4+2⁄3 | 7 | 14 | rundlets |
| 1 | 18 | 31+1⁄2 | 42 | 63 | 84 | 126 | 252 | gallons (wine) |
| 3.785 | 68.14 | 119.24 | 158.99 | 238.48 | 317.97 | 476.96 | 953.92 | litres |
| 1 | 15 | 26+1⁄4 | 35 | 52+1⁄2 | 70 | 105 | 210 | gallons (imperial) |
| 4.546 | 68.19 | 119.3 | 159.1 | 238.7 | 318.2 | 477.3 | 954.7 | litres |
# Ptychadena perreti

Ptychadena perreti is a species of frog in the family Ptychadenidae. It is found in Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, southwestern Central African Republic and northern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It might occur in the Cabinda enclave of Angola and mainland Equatorial Guinea. Common name Perret's grassland frog has been coined for it.

## Etymology

The specific name perreti honours Jean-Luc Perret [fr], a Swiss herpetologist who specialized in African amphibians.

## Description

Adult males from the Garamba National Park measure 35–49 mm (1.4–1.9 in) and adult females 46–57 mm (1.8–2.2 in) in snout–vent length. The body is moderately stocky in females but slender in males. The limbs are long and slender. The snout is long and pointed. The toes are extensively webbed. The dorsum is clay brown with rectangular black spots. The vertebral band is golden brown. The throat, chest, and knees often have dark spots. The legs have complete crossbars, and the backs of the thighs have irregular yellowish green stripes. The venter is whitish with bright lemon-yellow or yellowish green wash.

## Habitat and conservation

Ptychadena perreti inhabits secondary and anthropogenic habitats such as agricultural areas, degraded forest, farm bush, and marshy areas. Breeding takes place in puddles, ditches, and ruts. It is a common species that tolerates some habitat disturbance, but it is still likely to suffer from habitat loss from agricultural development, logging, and human settlements. It occurs in many protected areas.
# IBM 6670

The IBM 6670 Information Distributor (6670-001) was a combination laser printer and photocopier introduced by IBM. Announced on February 14, 1979, as part of Office System/6, its feature set included two-sided printing.
The New York Times described it in 1979 as "A key component of the office of tomorrow." Although Wang was first to market an Intelligent copier, the 6670 is "closer to the standard envisioned."
The IBM 6670 Information Distributor and its Collator unit (the IBM 6671) were withdrawn from marketing on November 19, 1986.

## History

IBMs goal with the 6670 was to produce: "A high-speed copying machine that can be linked electronically to computers, word-processing typewriters and other automated office equipment"
The IBM 6670 was essentially a half speed IBM Series III Copier Model 10 to which a laser imaging system and associated electronics was added. Due to the speed of available solid state logic at that time, it was necessary to run the photoconductor drum at half the speed of the Series III, meaning it could only print up to 36 pages per minute, where the model 10 copier was rated at 75 copies per minute.
The IBM 6670 used a 5 milliwatt HeNe laser (compared to 25 milliwatts in the earlier IBM 3800 or 1 milliwatt in the IBM 3666 barcode scanner). As part of the printing process it used an 18 facet rotating mirror that ran at 8000 RPM. Print resolution was 240 x 240 dots per inch.
The IBM 6670 Model II Information Distributor (6670-002) was announced around August 1981 The main differences were:
* The Model I could receive SNA data at 4800 bits per second. The Model II could receive SNA data at 9600 bits per second.
* The Model I could hold 6 fonts per document, 4 per page. The Model II could hold 20 fonts, 14 communication loaded, 4 standard and 2 optional.
The IBM 6670 Model III Information Distributor (6670-003) was announced Aug 2, 1983. It had no copier function and offered 25 fonts.
In late 1982 it was considered by Hewlett-Packard as competing against the HP2680A laser printer.
As envisioned, an extension released a year later by a third party enabled "6670 .. terminal users (sic; to) send and receive data directly from other 6670s" in what the New York Times described as (a form of) electronic mail.
# Athletics at the 1978 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon

The men's marathon event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games was held on 11 August 1978 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Gidamis Shahanga | Tanzania | 2:15:39.76 |
| | Jerome Drayton | Canada | 2:16:13.46 |
| | Paul Bannon | Canada | 2:16:51.61 |
| 4 | Kevin Ryan | New Zealand | 2:17:16 |
| 5 | Greg Hannon | Northern Ireland | 2:17:25 |
| 6 | Paul Ballinger | New Zealand | 2:17:46 |
| 7 | Richard Mabuza | Swaziland | 2:19:49 |
| 8 | Michael Critchley | Wales | 2:19:51 |
| 9 | Trevor Wright | England | 2:20:15 |
| 10 | Stanley Curran | England | 2:21:18 |
| 11 | Brian Maxwell | Canada | 2:21:47 |
| 12 | Jeff Norman | England | 2:22:23 |
| 13 | Terry Manners | New Zealand | 2:23:00 |
| 14 | Emmanuel Ndiemandoi | Tanzania | 2:24:55 |
| 15 | David Chettle | Australia | 2:25:15 |
| 16 | Steve Kelly | Isle of Man | 2:27:36 |
| 17 | James Butterfield | Bermuda | 2:30:17 |
| 18 | James Dingwall | Scotland | 2:32:54 |
| 19 | David Newton | Isle of Man | 2:33:06 |
| 20 | Thomas Ruto | Kenya | 2:36:44 |
| 21 | Garry Wilkinson | Bermuda | 2:37:31 |
| 22 | Patrick Chiwala | Zambia | 2:38:00 |
| 23 | Hector Romero | Gibraltar | 2:42:25 |
| 24 | Raymond Swan | Bermuda | 2:42:35 |
| 25 | Michael Rowland | Wales | 2:48:10 |
| 26 | Kenneth Hlasa | Lesotho | 2:52:35 |
| 27 | Frances Moholomanyane | Lesotho | 2:52:58 |
| 28 | Baba Ibrahim Suma-Keita | Sierra Leone | 2:56:08 |
| 29 | Bernard James | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 3:03:05 |
| 30 | Henry Baptiste | Saint Lucia | 3:11:09 |
| | Shivnath Singh | India | DNF |
| | Richard Juma | Kenya | DNF |
| | John Kirimiti | Kenya | DNF |
| | John McLaughlin | Northern Ireland | DNF |
# Santa María del Mercadillo

Santa María del Mercadillo is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 167 inhabitants.
# Marlin T. Phelps

Marlin Theophelus Phelps (October 9, 1881 – February 13, 1964) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona from January 4, 1949 to January 3, 1961. He served as chief justice from January 1954 to December 1954, and from January 1959 to December 1959.

## Biography

Born in Tennessee, Phelps received his law degree from Vanderbilt University. He died at Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona.
Phelps served as a judge on the superior court from 1923 to 1948. When he took the bench he was one of two superior court judges in the county and when he retired the number had increased to seven. An outspoken critic of judicial activism and a founding member and director of the John Birch Society, Phelps was characterized by the Washington Post as the "high priest of conservatism."
He served on the state supreme court for 12 years until December 31, 1960 when he was defeated in his re-election bid. Of his 1960 defeat, he said: "I have reached the age when in my philosophy and my relationship with God I believe that anything that happens to me is for the best. And I accept the last election in that way." In 1961 Judge Phelps came out of retirement to help handle a large backload of criminal cases in superior court, devoting several months to the task.

### Marriage

Phelps married Margaret Phelps (born 1884 in Christianburg, Virginia) and they had a son, William. Margaret came to Phoenix in 1912 from Nashville, Tennessee. Margaret wrote children's books with an Arizona background including: Pico and the Silver Mountain, Toby on the Sheep Drive, Regular Cowboy, Antelope Boy, Chia and the Lambs, Guard and the Golden Boy, Ketch Dog and Territory Boy. Margaret died on September 18, 1953, in Phoenix.
# 2011 Torneio Touchdown

The 2011 Torneio Touchdown was the third season since the league's foundation.

## Teams in 2011

| Team | City/Area | Joined |
| Conference Walter Camp ||||
| Botafogo Mamutes | Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro | 2011 |
| Curitiba Predadores | Curitiba, Paraná | 2011 |
| Palmeiras Locomotives | São Paulo, São Paulo | 2011 |
| Ponta Grossa Phantoms | Ponta Grossa, Paraná | 2010 |
| Santos Tsunami | Santos, São Paulo | 2011 |
| Timbó Rhinos | Timbó, Santa Catarina | 2011 |
| Tubarões do Cerrado | Brasília, Federal District | 2009 |
| Vila Velha Tritões | Vila Velha, Espírito Santo | 2010 |
| Conference George Halas ||||
| ABC Corsários | Natal, Rio Grande do Norte | 2011 |
| Corinthian Steamroller | São Paulo, São Paulo | 2011 |
| Curitiba Hurricanes | Curitiba, Paraná | 2011 |
| Corupá Buffalos | Corupá, Santa Catarina | 2011 |
| Jaraguá Breakers | Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina | 2010 |
| Ribeirão Preto Challengers | Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo | 2011 |
| Uberlândia Lobos | Uberlândia, Minas Gerais | 2011 |
| Vasco da Gama Patriotas | Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro | 2010 |
# Shannon Taylor (field hockey)

Shannon Taylor (born December 25, 1986) is an American field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the United States women's national field hockey team in the women's event. She was born in Milford, Delaware. Taylor attended Syracuse University, where she played on the school's field hockey team.
She currently serves as an assistant coach at Saint Joseph's, having previously been an assistant at UMass for three seasons.
# Rennes-en-Grenouilles

Rennes-en-Grenouilles (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.
# Hilma Contreras

Hilma Contreras Castillo (December 8, 1913 – January 15, 2006) was a Dominican writer, born in San Francisco de Macorís.
She was educated in Paris, where she studied French and English, as well as literature and archaeology. She returned to the Dominican Republic in 1933. In 1937, at the encouragement of fellow writer Juan Bosch, she began writing stories, which were published in various newspapers.
In 2002, she became the first woman to receive the National Literature Award.
Contreras never married or had children, and died in her home town in 2006.
# 1C1 3900

1C1 3900 was a class of SNCF electric locomotive. The class had only one member, 1C1 3901. It was built in 1912 for the Chemins de fer du Midi and its Midi class was E 3200. It was one of six different prototype electric locomotives ordered by the Midi. It was withdrawn in 1959 and one motor from it is preserved.

## Overview

Many lines of the Midi network being mountain lines, the company began an electrification programme in 1909. The system chosen was single phase alternating current at 12 kV and 16+2⁄3 Hz.
Six prototype locomotives were ordered for the Perpignan - Villefranche-de-Conflent line. They were:
* E 3001 from Thomson and General Electric
* E 3101 from AEG and Henschel
* E 3201 from Westinghouse, later SNCF 1C1 3900
* E 3301 from Brown-Boveri and SLM Winterthur
* E 3401 from Ateliers du Nord et de l'Est
* E 3501 from Schneider
Only the E 3201 really worked well. The company also ordered railcars E ABD 1 to 30, which later became Class Z 4900.

## Service

The E 3201 worked throughout its career on the Perpignan - Villefranche-de-Conflent line for the haulage of freight trains, helped by the railcars. Thanks to its good reliability, it was kept by the SNCF when it was founded in 1938 and it remained in service until 1959.

## Preservation

E 3201 / 1C1 3901 was to be preserved but, owing to an act of vandalism, only one motor from the locomotive could be saved. It is exhibited at the Cité du Train, Mulhouse.
# 1C

1C or 1c may also refer to:
* 1C Company, Russian software company
* 1 Cup (unit)
* California Proposition 1C (2009), a defeated California ballot proposition
* Cent (currency)
** 1 cent euro coins
** Penny (United States coin)
** Penny (Irish decimal coin)
* expression of genome size
* First Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
* measure of charge rate for an electric battery
* National Highway 1C, an Indian highway
# High Altitude Medal

The High Altitude Medal (Uchch Tungata Medal) is issued to Indian service personnel who complete a specified tenure at high altitude. The medal was instituted following the President’s Secretariat Notification No - 72/Pres86 dated 12 September 1986. The medal was instituted in lieu of the clasp Himalaya to Sainya Seva Medal.

## Criteria

The award is given to those members of the Indian armed forces, who are eligible under the following criteria –
* Those who have completed a total service duration of 180 days in those areas, where high altitude allowance is admissible commencing from 1 April, 1984.
* This time limit is waived off for those personnel who died or sustained wounds leading to premature evacuation.
* Personnel who are part of air crew or ejection crew of air maintenance units, who have carried out a minimum of 10 sorties or 40 hours of flying on transport support roles in these areas from 1 April, 1984.
High altitude allowance is admissible to personnel serving in field areas, which are situated at a height of 9000 feet and above. The medal may also be awarded to police and central armed police force personnel (CAPF) who serve in high altitude areas

## Design

The medal is circular in shape and made of cupro-nickel. It is 35 mm in diameter and fitted to a plain horizontal bar. The obverse has the State Emblem with its motto and the inscription “Ucch Tungta Medal” (उच्च तुंगता मेडल) in Hindi and English on both sides of the State Emblem along the rim. The reverse has the representation of the mountains. The ribbon is 32 mm in width with a Azure Blue colour background, white diagonal reverse V Shape stripes of 2 millimeters in width and a distance of 5 millimeters between the two stripes.
# 2018 in Estonian television

This is a list of Estonian television related events from 2018.

## Events

* Eesti Laul 2018
# Phil Noto

Phil Noto is an American painter and comic book artist who is known for his work on such titles as Jonah Hex, X-23, Uncanny X-Force and, more recently, Black Widow. His work on The Infinite Horizon (a modern retelling of The Odyssey) with Gerry Duggan earned him an Eisner nomination for Best New Series. Noto has also worked as a concept artist for video games such as BioShock.

## Career

According to Noto, he attended the Ringling School of Art & Design for three years before gaining an internship at Disney. This internship turned into a ten-year career there as a clean-up artist for animated work, including The Lion King, Pocahontas, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Mulan, Tarzan, Lilo & Stitch, and Brother Bear. He began to get jobs as an artist for Marvel and DC, as well as Image and Dark Horse Comics after selling some of his fan art. One painting in particular was purchased by fellow comic book artist Tim Townsend, which sparked a friendship between the two.
Noto describes his art as "retro paperback cover" style and cites Adam Hughes, Robert McGinnis, Mike Mignola and Alex Toth as influences.
# Phil O'Callaghan

Philip O'Callaghan (born 25 March 1946), known as "Philo", is an Irish former rugby union international prop.
O'Callaghan, born and raised in Cork, started out as a soccer player before taking up rugby union in his teenage years. He began his senior rugby career with Ballyphehane club Dolphin RFC.
O'Callaghan gained 21 caps for Ireland on both sides of the scrum, debuting against Australia at Lansdowne Road in 1967. He took part in Ireland's tour of Australia later that year and was in the team that defeated the home side in Sydney. His final Test was against the All Blacks in Wellington on Ireland's 1976 tour.
O'Callaghan was a 2016 inductee into the Munster Rugby Hall of Fame.
# Reo eutypus

Reo eutypus is a spider in the family Mimetidae ("pirate spiders"), in the infraorder Araneomorphae ("true spiders"). It is found in the USA.
# Frauenroth Abbey

Frauenroth Abbey is a former Cistercian nunnery in Burkardroth in Bavaria, South Germany, in the bishopric of Würzburg
The abbey, dedicated to Saint George and All Saints, was built in 1231 by Count Otto von Botenlauben and Beatrix de Courtenay, who were both later buried here. Following their deaths, their son, also called Otto, became head of the abbey.
The abbey ceased was dissolved in 1574, and was taken over by the administrative office of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. In 1691, the remains were sold to eight farmers in Burkardroth, who used them to build the village of Frauenroth. The former monastic chapel still stands and is used as a church.