OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Little Rock (poem)

"Little Rock" is a bilingual poem published by Cuban writer Nicolás Guillén in 1958. The text is a direct denunciation of the race-based segregation present within the United States and written after the Little Rock Crisis emerged during the Civil Rights Movement. As a satirical claim, the poem written in both English and Spanish serves as an appeal to imagine how a changing world would be without race differences. As part of the anthology La paloma del vuelo popular (the dove of popular flight), the composition is fully representative of the "black poetry" he used to write, just as the use of names and real situations at the same time gives a qualitative value where applied.
As seen in the final verses, the references to Little Rock city and the Arkansas governor Faubus turn into metaphors for qualifying segregation actions:
   a world of white schools for whites
   a world all Rock and all Little
   a world all Yanquee and all Faubus
As a piece of literature, the poem was a response to the Little Rock events, in the same way as was "Fables of Faubus" by jazzist Charles Mingus. The coherence of Butler's vindication can be found in later works in which he «continued to rail against the rabid racism of the United States. His ironic El Gran Zoo (The Great Zoo) is caustic in its critic of "Lynch Law" (a law that is satirized in the verse "[...] sons of Lynch their playmates" of "Little Rock").
# Liu Wenzhi

Liu Wenzhi (Chinese: 劉文質, (964–1028)) was a Chinese government official of the Song Dynasty.

## Biography

* Gong feng guan (Chinese: 供奉官)
* Dai Zhou zhi mou zhou jun zhou shi (Chinese: 代州知某州軍州事)
* Qing Zhou zhi mou zhou jun zhou shi (Chinese: 慶州知某州軍州事)
* Bin Zhou zhi mou zhou jun zhou shi (Chinese: 邠州知某州軍州事)
* Jing Zhou zhi mou zhou jun zhou shi (Chinese: 涇州知某州軍州事)
* Nei yuan shi (Chinese: 內園使)
* Xi jing zuo cang ku shi (Chinese: 西京左藏庫使)
* Zuo cang ku fu shi (Chinese: 左藏庫副使)
* Lin Zhou bing ma qian xia (Chinese: 麟州兵馬鈐轄)
* Kelan Jun jun shi (Chinese: 岢嵐軍軍使)
* Zhou bing ma qian xia (Chinese: 州兵馬鈐轄)
* Liangzhe Lu zhuan yun shi (Chinese: 兩浙路轉運使)

## Family

* father-in-law: Li Pu (Chinese: 李溥)
* father: Liu Shenqi (Chinese: 劉審奇)
* brother: Liu Wenyu (Chinese: 劉文裕)
* brother: Liu Wenyuan (Chinese: 劉文遠)
* son: Liu Huan (Chinese: 劉渙)
* son: Liu Hu (Chinese: 劉滬)
* son: Liu Chun (Chinese: 劉淳)
* son: Liu Chen (Chinese: 劉諶)
* son: Liu Wei (Chinese: 劉渭)
# Sam Brown (guitarist)

Sam Brown (January 19, 1939 – December 27, 1977) was an American jazz guitarist.

## History

Sam T. Brown's playing style was unusual in that he performed in a generally jazz-rock format, while performing in Keith Jarrett's ensembles that sometimes veered close to a free jazz style. His initial recording success included membership of the jazz rock group Ars Nova during the 1967-1969 period.
Brown's most noteworthy recorded performances were on recordings of Keith Jarrett (particularly, his "American band" with Dewey Redman); and Charlie Haden's Liberation Music Orchestra. On the Liberation Music Orchestra album he has a spotlighted performance on the 21-minute suite, "El Quinto Regimiento/Los Cuatro Generales/Viva la Quince Brigada".
He also performed as a session musician for popular artists as diverse as James Brown, Astrud Gilberto, Peter Allen and Barry Manilow.

## Discography
### As sideman

With Louis Armstrong
* Louis Armstrong and His Friends (Flying Dutchman/Amsterdam, 1970)
With Carla Bley
* Escalator over the Hill (JCOA 1971)
With Gary Burton
* Good Vibes (Atlantic, 1969)
* Gary Burton & Keith Jarrett (Atlantic, 1970)
* Live in Tokyo (Atlantic, 1971)
With Ron Carter
* Uptown Conversation (Embryo, 1970)
* Blues Farm (CTI, 1973)
With Richard Davis
* The Philosophy of the Spiritual (Cobblestone, 1971)
With Paul Desmond
* Bridge over Troubled Water: Paul Desmond plays the songs of Simon and Garfunkel (CTI, 1970)
With Bill Evans
* Living Time the Bill Evans-George Russell Orchestra (Columbia, 1972)
* From Left to Right (Verve 1971)
With Astrud Gilberto
* Gilberto with Turrentine with Stanley Turrentine (CTI, 1971)
With Gene Harris
* Gene Harris of the Three Sounds (Blue Note, 1972)
With Keith Jarrett
* Expectations (Columbia, 1971)
* Treasure Island (1974)
With Hubert Laws
* Flute By-Laws (Atlantic, 1966)
* Laws' Cause (Atlantic, 1968)
With Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band
* Central Park North (1969)
With the Liberation Music Orchestra
* Liberation Music Orchestra (1969)
With Mike Mainieri
* Journey Thru an Electric Tube (Solid State, 1968)
With Herbie Mann
* First Light (Atlantic, 1974)
* Surprises (Atlantic, 1976)
* Gagaku & Beyond (Finnadar/Atlantic, 1974 [1976])
With Dave Matthews Big Band
* Night Flight (1977)
* Live at the Five Spot (1975)
With Gary McFarland
* Profiles (Impulse!, 1966)
* Simpático with Gábor Szabó (Impulse!, 1966)
With Blue Mitchell
* Many Shades of Blue (Mainstream, 1974)
With Paul Motian
* Conception Vessel (ECM, 1971)
* Tribute (ECM, 1974)
With Mark Murphy
* Bridging a Gap (Muse, 1972)
* Mark II (Muse, 1973)
With Duke Pearson
* The Phantom (1968)
With Pat Rebillot
* Free Fall (1974)
With Jeremy Steig
* Legwork (Solid State, 1970)
* Wayfaring Stranger (Blue Note, 1971)

### As guest

* 1974 Peter Allen, Continental American
# Salix bebbiana

Salix bebbiana is a species of willow indigenous to Canada and the northern United States, from Alaska and Yukon south to California and Arizona and northeast to Newfoundland and New England. Common names include beaked willow, long-beaked willow, gray willow, and Bebb's willow. This species is also called red willow by Native Americans according to The Arctic Prairies Appendix E by Ernest Tompson Seton.
This plant is typically a large, fast-growing, multiple-stemmed shrub or small, shrubby tree capable of forming dense, colonial thickets. It can be found in loose, saturated soils such as that on riverbanks, lake sides, swamps, marshes, and bogs. It is capable of tolerating heavy clay and rocky soils, making it highly adaptable and durable. It is a dominant species in many marshland areas in its native range. Large shrub or small bushy tree from 5 to 20 feet in height with a trunk up to about 8 inches in diameter. The trunk is short and twisted with a broadly rounded crown.
Leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and ovate in shape, widest near the midrib and narrowing to a tapering base and pointed tip. The leaf edges are generally entire, though sometimes finely serrated. The leaves are dull blue-green in color and smooth in texture when mature; new leaves are coated in downy hairs. The leaves are up to 5 in long and 1.5 in wide. Like other willows, this plant is dioecious, with male and female plants producing small, dangling catkins. Female flowers yield spherical seeds covered in long, threadlike fibers that help them disperse on the wind. The plant also spreads via vegetative reproduction, sprouting from the base of the stem or from segments of root, and by layering, allowing the plant to form colonies of clones.
This is the most important species of diamond willow, a type of willow which produces fine, colorful wood used for carving. The twigs and branches are used by Native Americans for basket weaving and arrowmaking. Important host plant to 312 species of butterflies and moths
Many parts of the plant are consumed by animals, especially domestic cattle, which find the foliage a palatable forage.
This species readily hybridizes with several other species of willow.
There seems to be no commercial importance for the plant.
# Salix boseensis

Salix boseensis is a shrub from the genus of willow (Salix) with initially brownish, frosted and bare branches and 6 to 9 centimeters long leaf blades. The natural range of the species is in China.

## Description

Salix boseensis forms shrubs with brownish, 4 to 5 millimeters in diameter, bare and frosted young twigs. The leaves have a stem up to 9 millimeters long. The remaining stipules are greenish, more or less elongated or ovate, 3 to 4 millimeters long, glabrous and have an irregularly serrated or toothed leaf margin. The leaf blade is oblong or obovate-oblong, 6 to 9 centimeters long and 2 to 3.5 millimeters wide, with a rounded or blunt tip, a wedge-shaped to more or less rounded base and a serrated, seldom almost entire, leaf margin. The upper side of the leaf is green, the underside greenish, both sides are bare. The approximately 12 lateral Pairs of nerves are protruding.
Male inflorescences are unknown. The female catkins grow on reddish-brown, bare, 4 to 5 centimeters long branches that can have leaves. They stand upright, are 7 to 10 millimeters long and have a stem about 1 centimeter long. The inflorescence axis is finely haired gray. The bracts are brown, irregularly ovate or oblong, 2 to 3 millimeters long, with a rounded or blunt tip, initially gray and shaggy hairy and later balding upper surface and bald underside. The female flowers have an adaxial nectar gland, an egg-shaped ovary, a nondescript style and two small, flat, bald scars . Conical, egg-shaped capsules about 5 millimeters long are formed as fruits on 4 millimeter long stems. The fruits ripen in December.

## Range

The natural range is in the Chinese Autonomous Region of Guangxi.

## Taxonomy

Salix boseensis is a species from the genus of willow (Salix), in the family (Salicaceae). It is assigned to the Wilsonia section. It was described scientifically for the first time in 1984 by Neng Chao. The genus name Salix is Latin and has been from the Romans used for various willow species.

## Literature

* Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3, pp. 171, 173 (English).
* Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7, p. 552 (reprint from 1996).
# Salix bicolor

Salix bicolor is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae (willows).

## Description

Salix bicolor can reach a height of 30–50 centimetres (12–20 in). This plant usually develop into a large shrub, but may grow as a multi branched tree of up to 4 m height. Branches are glabrous. brown-reddish or chestnut. Leaves are yellow-green, glabrous, elliptical or lanceolate with acute apex. They are 5–8 centimetres (2.0–3.1 in) long and 2–3 centimetres (0.79–1.18 in) wide. The catkins are produced in early spring, before the leaves. They reach 3 × 1 cm, on long peduncles with lanceolate bracts. Like all willows this species is dioecious. Flowers bloom from May to June.

## Distribution

It is present in mountains of Southern Europe.

## Habitat

This species can be found near streams, waterways and moist subalpine pastures at elevation of 1,650–2,350 metres (5,410–7,710 ft) above sea level.
# Ionel Floroiu

Ionel Floroiu (born 14 November 1962) is a Romanian politician. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in December 2016 and again in December 2020.
# Granville Gaylord Bennett

Granville Gaylord Bennett may refer to:
* Granville G. Bennett (1833–1910), American lawyer, judge and delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives
* Granville Gaylord Bennett (bishop) (1883–1975), American Episcopal bishop
# Ramón Aguirre Rodríguez

Ramón Aguirre Rodríguez (born 3 March 1953 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish politician who belongs to the People's Party (PP).
Aguirre worked as a bank director and later served as Vice-secretary General of the Popular Alliance (AP). In 1989 the AP merged with other parties to form the current PP and in that year Aguirre was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Caceres Province and headed the PP list at several elections being re-elected in 1993, 1996 and 2000. However, in the latter year he resigned after being appointed President of the Official Credit Institute (Instituto de Crédito Oficial/ICO) in July 2000. Consequently, the local PP branch in Caceres deselected him for the 2004 election. For the 2008 election he changed districts and was elected for Guadalajara Province as head of the PP list.
In Congress he has served as President of the Commission of Commerce and Tourism and PP spokesman in the Commission of Economics, Commerce and Manufacturing.
He is married with one daughter.
# Battle of the Hook

Battle of the Hook refers to several engagements during the Korean War. They were:
# Samayasāra

Samayasāra (The Nature of the Self) is a famous Jain text composed by Acharya Kundakunda in 439 verses. Its ten chapters discuss the nature of Jīva (pure self/soul), its attachment to Karma and Moksha (liberation). Samayasāra expounds the Jain concepts like Karma, Asrava (influx of karmas), Bandha (Bondage), Samvara (stoppage), Nirjara (shedding) and Moksha (complete annihilation of karmas).
A modern English translation was published by Vijay K. Jain in 2022.

## History

Samayasara was written by Acharya Kundakunda in Prakrit.

## Contents

The original Samayasara of Kundakunda consists of 415 verses and was written in Prakrit. The first verse (aphorism) of the Samayasāra is an invocation:
   O bhavyas (potential aspirants to liberation)! Making obeisance to all the Siddhas, established in the fifth state of existence that is eternal, immutable, and incomparable (perfection par excellence), I will articulate this Samayaprābhrita, which has been propounded by the all-knowing Masters of Scripture.
According to Samayasāra, the real self is only that soul which has achieved ratnatraya i.e. Samyak Darshan, Samyak Gyan and Samyak Charitra. These state when soul achieves purity is Arihant and Siddha. It can be achieved by victory over five senses. According to Samayasāra:
   The Self, by his own enterprise, protecting himself from virtuous as well as wicked activities that cause merit and demerit, and stationing himself in right faith and knowledge, detached from body and desires etc., devoid of external and internal attachments, contemplates on the Self, through his own Self, and does not reflect upon the karmas and the quasi-karmic matter (nokarma); the Self with such distinctive qualities experiences oneness with the Self. Such a Self, contemplating on the Self, becomes of the nature of right faith and knowledge, and being immersed in the Self, attains, in a short span of time, status of the Pure Self that is free from all karmas.

## Commentaries

It has a number of commentaries on it. Atmakhyati or Samayasara Kalasha, written by Acharya Amritchandra in 12th century CE, is a 278-verse Sanskrit commentary. Samaysar Kalash Tika or Balbodh was written by Pande Rajmall or Raymall in 16th century CE. It is a commentary of Amritchandra's Samaysar Kalasha. Nataka Samayasara is a commentary on Rajmall's version which was written by Banarasidas in Braj Bhasha in 17th century CE.
# Granön (Dalarna)

Granön is an island and nature reserve in Lake Väsman, near Ludvika in Dalarna county, central Sweden.

## Description

Granön is one of the largest islands in Lake Väsman. It is small but quite hilly. The nearby islet of Grankavlen is also part of the nature reserve. The island is accessible by boat in the summer. It has a mosaic forest that has not been affected by forest management for many years. This includes plenty of dead wood and deciduous trees, valuable for bird life. Some parts are dominated by pine or spruce. In the southwestern part there is aspen and birch, and some gray and black alder, and an unusual variety of elder. Flora includes saplings, mosses, lichens and fungi.
Visitors to the reserve must be careful to cause minimal impact to the ground, rocks, dead wood or living things. Flowers, mosses, lichens or wood fungi must not be picked or dug up. No motor vehicles are allowed, or dogs off the leash. Permission is required to collect plants, animals or natural objects, or to ring birds, for teaching or research purposes.
# Irish National Federation

The Irish National Federation (INF) was a nationalist political party in Ireland. It was founded in 1891 by former members of the Irish National League (INL), after a split in the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) on the leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell. Parnell had refused to resign his leadership of the party after being named in divorce proceedings against Katharine O'Shea by the former MP William O'Shea. In the aftermath of the divorce, William Ewart Gladstone, leader of the Liberal Party, had declared that he would not work with Parnell, damaging the parliamentary alliance between the IPP and the Liberals.
The group, which became known as the Anti-Parnellites, had a larger membership than the rump of the INL that stood by Parnell, was led first by Justin McCarthy, then by John Dillon. The INF was supported by the Catholic clergy, who strongly influenced the general elections of 1892 and 1895, and the by-elections of the period. The Irish Times reported on 23 February 1893 that "the priests … swarmed at all the polling stations, and kept the voters constantly in view".
Membership of the INF declined after the United Irish League (UIL) was founded in 1898 by William O'Brien to promote unity between factions of Irish political nationalism. As a result, in 1900 the Federation joined the UIL in merging with the INL under the leadership of John Redmond, who had led the Irish National League after Parnell's death, in a newly reformed Irish Parliamentary Party.
# Liutan station

Liutan Station (Chinese: 刘潭站; pinyin: Liútán zhàn), is a metro station of Line 1 and Line 4 of Wuxi Metro. It started operations on 1 July 2014.

## Station Layout

| 3F | Side Platform, doors will open on the right | Side Platform, doors will open on the right |
| 3F | North | ←█ towards Yanqiao |
| 3F | South | →█towards Nanfangquan→ |
| Side Platform, doors will open on the right ||
| 2F | Station Hall | Service Center, Ticket vending machine, Elevators, Shops |
| Ground |
| Ground | Equipment Area | Exits, Mall, Toilet |
| B1 | North | █ Terminus |
| Island Platform, doors will open on the left ||
| B1 | South | →█ towards Wuxi Taihu International Expo Center→ |

## Exits

There are 2 exits for this station.
# Atopomyrmex

Atopomyrmex is a small genus of arboreal ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is known from the Afrotropics, where they nest in living wood and forage in the vegetation or on the ground.

## Species

* Atopomyrmex calpocalycola Snelling, 1992
* Atopomyrmex cryptoceroides Emery, 1892
* Atopomyrmex mocquerysi André, 1889
# Goff Creek

Goff Creek may refer to:
* Goff Creek (Missouri), a stream in Missouri
* Goff Creek Lodge, a dude ranch in Yellowstone National Park
# Qul

Qul may refer to:
* Qul (Turkic), a word meaning "slave"
* Qul, Tajikistan, a village
* North Bolivian Quechua (ISO 639-3: qul), a dialect spoken in Bolivia
# Siuro

Siuro (Finnish pronunciation:) is a village in the western part of the Nokia town in Pirkanmaa, Finland. In 2015, the village has a population of 2,526. Siuro is a fairly large area, which includes the western part of the nearby Siuronkoski rapids. The historical border between Turku and Pori and Häme Provinces ran along Siuronkoski until the end of 1972. The village of Linnavuori is also often considered part of Siuro. The north area is bordered by Highway 11, and the south, by Lake Kulovesi. Siuro is less than ten kilometers from the center of Nokia and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Tampere.
Although Siuro is quite village-like, its largest employers are the factories: the AGCO's power engine plant and Patria's engine maintenance unit in Linnavuori, as well as the Purso's aluminum plant. Siuro also has its own train station, where only freight trains stop today. Less than three kilometers from Siuro station in the direction of Pori, near Kulju Manor [fi], there is the Kulovesi stop (abbreviation Kuv), which belonged to the original traffic places of the track. The stop was named after the lake, because there was already a traffic place called Kulju on the Riihimäki–Tampere railway line in Lempäälä. The shutdown mainly served only the needs of Kulju Manor and its surroundings. Passenger traffic was stopped in 1971 and the traffic site was closed in 1972. The buildings on the site have been demolished.
# Incertidumbre

Incertidumbre is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa for Telesistema Mexicano in 1967.

## Cast

* Sonia Furió
* Pilar Sen
* Virginia Gutiérrez
* Héctor Gómez
# Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service

The Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service is the second highest award presented by the Secretary of Defense to non-career Federal employees, private citizens, and foreign nationals for contributions, assistance, or support to Department of Defense functions that are extensive enough to warrant recognition, but are lesser in scope and impact than is required for the DoD Medal for Distinguished Public Service. The Secretary of Defense is the approval authority. This award consists of a silver medal, a miniature medal, a rosette, and a citation signed by the Secretary of Defense. An individual may receive this award more than once. Subsequent awards consist of the foregoing recognition devices and a bronze, silver, or gold palm, as appropriate.

## Notable recipients

* David S. Alberts
* Richard Armitage
* David J. Barron
* Steven G. Bradbury
* Carl Brashear
* Laura Bush
* Hillary Clinton
* Natalie Crawford
* Michele Flournoy
* Brett Giroir
* Robert L. Gordon III
* Mariusz Handzlik
* William A. Jeffrey
* Deborah Lee James
* Jill Kelley
* Zalmay Khalilzad
* Jacques Paul Klein
* Zachary J. Lemnios
* MITRE Corporation
* Michael P. Mulroy
* Walter Oi
* Elissa Slotkin
* James B. Thayer
* J. Glenn Morris
* Thomas Mooney
# Spanton

Spanton is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Helen Margaret Spanton (1877–1934), British artist and suffragette
* Mabel Mary Spanton (1874–c.1940), British artist
* Tim Spanton (born 1957), British journalist
* William Spanton
* William Silas Spanton (1845–1930), British artist, art historian and photographer
# Spantekow

Spantekow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It comprises the villages Dennin, Drewelow, Fasanenhof, Janow, Japenzin, Neuendorf B, Rehberg, Rebelow and Spantekow.

## History

Since the Middle Ages, Spantekow is a local administrative center and the site of a fortress. Though Spantekow castle was largely destroyed in a Brandenburgian attack in 1677, it remained a residence of the local nobility until 1945. Today, the village is seat of the Amt Anklam-Land.
From 1648 to 1720, Spantekow was part of Swedish Pomerania. From 1720 to 1945, it was part of the Prussian Province of Pomerania, from 1945 to 1952 of the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, from 1952 to 1990 of the Bezirk Neubrandenburg of East Germany and since 1990 again of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
# Alex Clark

Alex Clark may refer to:
* Alex Clark (baseball), American baseball player
* Alex Clark (journalist), British literary journalist
* Alex Clark (politician) (1916–1991), American politician
* Alex Clark (squash player) (born 1987), Scottish squash player