OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Semantic feature

A semantic feature is a component of the concept associated with a lexical item ('female' + 'performer' = 'actress'). More generally, it can also be a component of the concept associated with any grammatical unit, whether composed or not ('female' + 'performer' = 'the female performer' or 'the actress'). An individual semantic feature constitutes one component of a word's intention, which is the inherent sense or concept evoked. Linguistic meaning of a word is proposed to arise from contrasts and significant differences with other words. Semantic features enable linguistics to explain how words that share certain features may be members of the same semantic domain. Correspondingly, the contrast in meanings of words is explained by diverging semantic features. For example, father and son share the common components of "human", "kinship", "male" and are thus part of a semantic domain of male family relations. They differ in terms of "generation" and "adulthood", which is what gives each its individual meaning.

## Theoretical context

The analysis of semantic features is utilized in the field of linguistic semantics, more specifically the subfields of lexical semantics, and lexicology. One aim of these subfields is to explain the meaning of a word in terms of their relationships with other words. In order to accomplish this aim, one approach is to analyze the internal semantic structure of a word as composed of a number of distinct and minimal components of meaning. This approach is called componential analysis, also known as semantic decomposition. Semantic decomposition allows any given lexical item to be defined based on minimal elements of meaning, which are called semantic features. The term semantic feature is usually used interchangeably with the term semantic component. Additionally, semantic features/semantic components are also often referred to as semantic properties.
The theory of componential analysis and semantic features is not the only approach to analyzing the semantic structure of words. An alternative direction of research that contrasts with componential analysis is prototype semantics.

## Notation

The semantic features of a word can be notated using a binary feature notation common to the framework of componential analysis. A semantic property is specified in square brackets and a plus or minus sign indicates the existence or non-existence of that property.
* cat is
** [+animate],
** [+domesticated],
** [+feline]
* puma is
** [+animate],
** [−domesticated],
** [+feline]
* dog is
** [+animate],
** [+domesticated],
** [−feline]
* wolf is
** [+animate],
** [−domesticated]
** [−feline]
Intersecting semantic classes share the same features. Some features need not be specifically mentioned as their presence or absence is obvious from another feature. This is a redundancy rule.
# Simplified planning zone

A simplified planning zone (SPZ) is an area of land in the United Kingdom earmarked for specific development where the planning process is relaxed in order to encourage development. Advice on SPZs is given in Planning Policy Statement 5 PPG 5
Simplified planning zones together with local development orders are an optional part of the local development documents required by the local development framework.
# Clifford Graham

Clifford F. Graham is a St. Thomian corporate executive and former Democratic member of the Legislature of the U.S. Virgin Islands from the St. Thomas/St. John District. In April 2017, U.S.V.I. governor Kenneth Mapp appointed Graham as head of the West Indian Company (W.I.C.O.) to replace Joseph Boschulte as President and CEO.
# John Murray (Australian writer)

John Murray (born 1963) is an Australian epidemiologist and writer.

## Life

Murray was born in 1963 in Adelaide, Australia. In 1985, Murray received his medical degree. He received a master's of public health from Johns Hopkins University. He went on to the Centers for Disease Control's Epidemic Intelligence Service. He investigated the outbreak of diseases such as cholera and dysentery.
In fall 1999, he moved with his wife and daughter to Iowa, where he graduated from the Iowa Writers' Workshop.
In 2003, he published a collection of short stories.

## Works

* John Murray (4 March 2003). A Few Short Notes on Tropical Butterflies. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-050928-7. A Few Short Notes on Tropical Butterflies (short Stories).
# Leo Lee

Leo Lee may refer to:
* Leo Lee Tung-hai (1921–2010), Hong Kong businessman
* Leo Ou-fan Lee (born 1942), Chinese academic
# Achyra imperialis

Achyra imperialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Sauber in 1899. It is found on Luzon in the Philippines.
# Acraea parei

Acraea parei is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia. The habitat consists of montane grassland.
Adults have been recorded in April, October, November and December.

## Subspecies

* Acraea parei parei (Zimbabwe: Chimanimani Mountains)
* Acraea parei orangica (Henning & Henning, 1996) (the Nyika Plateau in Malawi and Zambia)

## Taxonomy

It is a member of the Acraea rahira species group- but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014
# Bhattiprolu railway station

Bhattiprolu railway station (station code:BQU), is a D-category Indian Railways station in Guntur railway division of South Central Railway zone. It is situated on the Tenali–Repalle branch line and provides rail connectivity to Bhattiprolu.$^{:4}$

## History

The Tenali–Repalle branch line, constructed by Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, was opened in 1916.

## Structure and amenities

The station has roof top solar panels installed by the Indian railways, along with various railway stations and service buildings in the country, as a part of sourcing 500 MW solar energy.
# Hippolyte (crustacean)

Hippolyte is a genus of shrimp in the family Hippolytidae, containing the following species:
* Hippolyte acuta (Stimpson, 1860)
* Hippolyte australiensis (Stimpson, 1860)
* Hippolyte bifidirostris (Miers, 1876)
* Hippolyte californiensis Holmes, 1895
* Hippolyte caradina Holthuis, 1947
* Hippolyte catagrapha d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2007
* Hippolyte cedrici Fransen & De Grave, 2019
* Hippolyte chacei Gan & X Li, 2019
* Hippolyte clarki Chace, 1951
* Hippolyte coerulescens (Fabricius, 1775)
* Hippolyte commensalis Kemp, 1925
* Hippolyte dossena (Marin, Okuno & Chan, 2011)
* Hippolyte edmondsoni Hayashi, 1981
* Hippolyte garciarasoi d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996
* Hippolyte holthuisi Zariquiey Álvarez, 1953
* Hippolyte inermis Leach, 1816
* Hippolyte jarvinensis Hayashi, 1981
* Hippolyte karenae Fransen & De Grave, 2019
* Hippolyte kraussiana (Stimpson, 1860)
* Hippolyte lagarderei d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1995
* Hippolyte leptocerus (Heller, 1863)
* Hippolyte leptometrae Ledoyer, 1969
* Hippolyte longiallex d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2007
* Hippolyte multicolorata Yaldwyn, 1971
* Hippolyte nanhaiensis Gan & X Li, 2019
* Hippolyte ngi Gan & X Li, 2017
* Hippolyte nicholsoni Chace, 1972
* Hippolyte niezabitowskii d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996
* Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852
* Hippolyte orientalis Heller, 1861
* Hippolyte palliola Kensley, 1970
* Hippolyte pleuracantha (Stimpson, 1871)
* Hippolyte prideauxiana Leach, 1817
* Hippolyte proteus (Paulson, 1875)
* Hippolyte sapphica d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1993
* Hippolyte singaporensis Gan & X Li, 2017
* Hippolyte varians Leach, 1814
* Hippolyte ventricosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837
* Hippolyte williamsi Schmitt, 1924
* Hippolyte zostericola (Smith, 1873)
# Annie Elmira Rice

Annie E. Rice (1852–1884) was an American physician, and, with Jeannette Judson Sumner, was one of the first two women to attend Georgetown University Medical School, 89 years before Georgetown formally admitted women.

## Early life and education

She was born in Hallowell, Maine to Almira W. Sampson Rice and Elisha Esty Rice. She was born into a prominent family, as her father was a colonel, the first US presidential consul to Japan, and the inventor of railway brakes and other innovations discussed at length in Scientific American.
Rice and "Nettie" Sumner enrolled in Georgetown's medical program, and they began their coursework in the autumn of 1880. In 1881, they both transferred to the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), graduating with medical degrees in 1883. Rice's thesis at WMCP was on "Elytrorrhaphy as performed by Le Fort." Joseph Taber Johnson MD, of the obstetrics faculty of Georgetown University Medical Center, published an editorial in the Maryland Medical Journal endorsing her new application of Le Fort's procedure, and recommending her thesis for publication.

## Work with Alexander Graham Bell

The year before the two women began their medical studies at Georgetown University, Sumner wrote to Alexander Graham Bell discussing in detail how she and Rice both volunteered in Bell's laboratory on 1325 L Street NW. They heard a song and listened to his voice on the telephone that he had patented four years earlier. It is clear from the context of the letter that Bell requested it of Sumner. That same season the women also worked on Fayette Street in Georgetown (now 35th Street) at Bell's Volta Bureau office, alongside an inventor and engineer named Sumner Tainter, who was a close collaborator of Bell's.

## Work as a physician and early death

After graduating from medical school in Pennsylvania, Rice and Sumner returned to Washington, D.C., in June 1883. Together they opened the city's first free clinic for women, and called it the Woman's Dispensary. Their type of patient-centered care set a new standard for women's health, and they were also able to offer clinical experience for other woman doctors who were graduating. Clinics were strictly segregated in those years, so they opened one at 937 New York Avenue to care for women of color.
Rice died in 1884 at age 31, and cause was listed in the Maryland Medical Journal as heart disease. She died three years before Sumner recruited Ida Heiberger in 1887. When Rice served the only doctors were women, but Sumner eventually extended the practice to include male students and residents, and eventually leading to conflict with Heiberger, a change that Rice did not live to see.
# Heraldine Rock

Ives Heraldine "Ma" Rock (née Gajadhar) (28 July 1933 – 31 August 2012) was a Saint Lucian educator and politician. She was the first woman to be elected to Parliament and serve as a Minister of Cabinet in Saint Lucia.
She worked as public relations officer of the St. Lucia Banana Growers Association but resigned in 1964 to enter politics. She was elected first vice-president of the United Workers Party. In the parliamentary elections of June 1964 she was the losing candidate for South Castries. Later that year she gained a seat on the Castries Town Board. She became the first woman to hold political office in Saint Lucia when she beat George Odlum to win the parliamentary seat of Castries South East in 1974.
She then became the first woman to serve as a government minister as Minister of Housing, Community Development, Local Government and Social Affairs from 1974 to 1980.
She decided not to contest the general elections in 1982, but when the United Workers Party won the 1982 elections was appointed to serve as a senator on the government side until 1987. She later served on various private and public boards including Board of Directors of the St. Lucia Electricity Services and the Development Control Authority. Rock served as a Justice of the Peace (Juge de Paix) from 1965 and was invested as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE).
# James Street railway station

James Street railway station may refer to:
* Liverpool James Street railway station, a station in Liverpool, England, on the Wirral Line
* James Street railway station (Liverpool Overhead Railway), a former station in Liverpool, England
* James Street railway station, Hyderabad in India
* LIUNA Station in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, formerly known as James Street railway station
# Paranemobius

Paranemobius is a genus of cricket in the subfamily Nemobiinae; species can be found on the Indian subcontinent including Sri Lanka.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists:
* Paranemobius pictus (Saussure, 1877) type species (as Pseudonemobius pictus Saussure)
* Paranemobius vicinus Chopard, 1928
# Achyra massalis

Achyra massalis, the ombava, is a moth of the family Crambidae. The species was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is found in most of the Old World tropics, including Réunion, Namibia and Australia (including New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia).
The wingspan is about 20 millimetres (0.79 in).

## Taxonomy

It is sometimes listed as a synonym of Achyra coelatalis.
# Acraea orina

Acraea orina, the orina acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, western Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea (Mbini and Bioko).

## Description

A. orina. This species differs from the nearly allied parrhasia in having the forewing fully scaled, with sharply defined red markings. Fore wing black above with a long red stripe in the cell and in 1 b and red discal spots in 2-6 or at least in 2. Hindwing black above with broad red median band, which only covers the extreme apex of the cell, or in the female red to the base with black dots. Under surface of the fore wing to beyond the middle reddish, then yellowish, with black veins and thick black streaks; hindwing with yellow ground colour, large black dots in the basal area and thick black streaks on the interneural folds. - orina Hew. (= orinata Oberth. 57 a). Forewing with red (male, female) or white (female) discal spots in cellules 3–6. Sierra Leone to the Congo. - f. nigroapicalis Auriv. Forewing without light spots in cellules 3–6. Cameroons to Uganda (57 a); orina is a transitional form with red spot only in 3. - orineta Eltr. [ Acraea orinata ] is the eastern race and is characterized by having the red markings of the forewing more extended and the basal area on the hindwing above black in the female also; the light spots in cellules 4-6 of the forewing in the female are sometimes whitish, sometimes red as in the male. Uganda, as aberration also in West Africa.

## Biology

The habitat consists of forest clearings and edges.
Adults males mud puddle and both sexes are attracted to flowers.

## Taxonomy

It is a member of the Acraea circeis species group - but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014
# Bhatti Khanzada

The Bhatti Khanzada of Awadh are a Muslim Rajput community found mainly in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh in India. There is also a distinct community of Bhattis found in the village of Yahiapur in Pratapgarh district. The Awadh region covers most of the eastern areas of Uttar Pradesh, and is home to a distinct culture. A small number of Bhatti Muslims are also found in the districts of Bahraich and Balrampur. They are sub-group within the larger Khanzada community of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Other than the taluqdar families, the majority of the Barabanki Bhatti are small to medium-sized farmers. With the abolishment of zamindari system of feudal ownership, has had a strong impact on the large landowning families, as much of their land has been redistributed. They are Shia Muslims, The Bhatti have always been more orthodox then the Khanzada, a neighbouring Muslim Rajput community. Like other communities in Awadh, they are largely endogamous, marrying close kin. They have no connection with the Ranghar Bhatti of western Uttar Pradesh or those of Punjab.
# Bruce Gary

Bruce Gary (April 7, 1951 – August 22, 2006) was an American musician who was best known as the drummer for the music group the Knack. He was nominated for two Grammy Awards as a stage performer, producer, and recording artist.
Born in Burbank, California, the young Gary had a lot of energy so his parents allowed him to set up the drum kit that his cousin had offered him after getting bored with it. Gary left home at 15 and was drawn to the musical scene of Topanga Canyon, California. He made friends with guitarist Randy California. In the 1960s and early 1970s he played with bluesman Albert Collins. By the time he was twenty-four he was touring and recording with former Cream bassist Jack Bruce and guitarist Mick Taylor, who had just left the Rolling Stones. This stellar lineup also included jazz pianist Carla Bley. Gary also worked with Dr. John in the 1970s.
In 1978, singer Doug Fieger asked him to join a group with guitarist Berton Averre. The three were subsequently joined by bassist Prescott Niles. Fieger and Averre brought in a tune they'd written about Sharona Alperin (girlfriend of Doug Fieger), a teenage girl Fieger was obsessed with. Despite his initial reservations about the song, Gary came up with a beat to match "My Sharona"'s stuttering style. He later said he approached the song like a surf stomp. As he explained, drummers in surf bands often play songs using no cymbals, just kick drum, snare drum, and toms. He also borrowed from the drum part to "Going to a Go Go" by Smokey Robinson and The Miracles. The final ingredient, he said, was the drum rudiment called a flam, in which one drumstick strikes the drum just before the other does; the flam registers as a single beat, but with a particularly full sound. Gary's immediately recognisable kick-and-snare-drum intro helped propel the power-pop anthem to the top of the US charts.
The Knack's debut album Get the Knack sold 6 million copies.
After the breakup of the Knack in the early 1980s, Gary became an in-demand drummer for studio work and live performance with musicians including Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Stephen Stills, Rod Stewart, Bette Midler, The Ventures, Harry Nilsson, Robby Krieger, Jack Bruce, Mick Taylor, Cherie Currie, Spencer Davis, Emmett Chapman, and Sheryl Crow. He also worked with blues masters Albert King and John Lee Hooker.
In addition to his work as a drummer, he achieved recognition for his work as a producer, recording new albums with the Ventures and co-producing (with Alan Douglas) a series of seminal archival recordings of Jimi Hendrix including the Blues compilation.

## Death

Gary died at the age of 55 at the Tarzana Regional Medical Center in Tarzana, California, of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
# Special salvation

Special salvation may refer to:
* 1 Timothy 4:10, a verse of the New Testament which mentions "God, the Savior of all, especially of believers"
* Christian conditionalism, view that immortality is a gift conditionally conferred by God
* Christian mortalism, the view that the soul is not naturally immortal
* Limited atonement, view that Christ died for the sins of the elect alone
# Keshav Meshram

Keshav Tanaji Meshram (24 November 1937 – 3 December 2007) was a Marathi poet, critic, novelist, and short-story writer from Maharashtra, India. He wrote about 40 books.

## Early life

Meshram was born in a poor dalit family in Akola on 24 November 1937. He spent his teens and early adulthood working as a railway wagon loader, a construction worker, and an oil mill worker. While struggling to make a living, he continued his education. After graduation from college, he joined Western Railways as a clerk, but later secured the position of a Marathi lecturer at Maharshi Dayanand College in Parel area of Mumbai.

## Conversion to Buddhism

Meshram was one among the six lakh Dalits who embraced Buddhism in the historic 1956 conversion rally held by Babasaheb Ambedkar.

## Literary works

Meshram's collection of poems Utkhanan established him as an important poet. His most popular novel Hakikat ani Jatayu portrayed the anguish of a brilliant dalit youth, Abhiman, who was sidelined because of his low social status. Abhimaan fought against superstitions. He unsuccessfully tried to save a "possessed" girl from being molested and beaten up. His "interference" with the rituals of a tantrik priest brought him disaster. The girl died and the police framed him at just the time he had received his appointment letter for a job.
Meshram's autobiography Hakikat shows the development of a sensitive mind in an adverse world. His other literary works deal with the plight of dalits, but he always exercised restraint in attacking the privileged classes for the plight.
"ज्वाला कल्लोळ" is the title of one of Meshram's works.

## Marathi Sahitya Sammelan

Meshram presided over the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan held at Nashik in 2005.
In his presidential speech, he criticized the contemporary literary folks for confining their world only to elites without awareness of the lives of millions of poor people in India. At the same time, he also criticized the extremist trend in contemporary dalit literature, which sharply attacked the privileged classes and then called itself "revolutionary."
In his speech, Meshram suggested that the state government create a literary academy to translate great literary works from other languages into Marathi, and vice versa.

## Death

Meshram died of lung cancer on 3 December 2007.
# Kosoko (name)

Kosoko is a Nigerian given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Kosoko (died 1872), a Nigerian monarch
* Jide Kosoko (born 1954), Nigerian actor and descendant of Kosoko
* Sola Kosoko (born 1976), Nigerian film actress and director, daughter of Jide
* Adekunle Gold (b. 1987), real name Adekunle Kosoko, Nigerian musician and descendant of Kosoko
# Ruby Creek

Ruby Creek may refer to:
Canada
* Ruby Creek (Fraser River tributary), in British Columbia
* Ruby Creek (Lake Surprise), a tributary in the Atlin Country region of British Columbia
* Ruby Creek, British Columbia, a locality on the Fraser River
* Ruby Creek Indian Reserve No. 2, in British Columbia
United States
* Ruby Creek (Michigan), a tributary of the Pere Marquette river
* Ruby Creek (Montana), a stream in Flathead County, Montana
* Ruby Creek (South Dakota)
* Ruby Creek (Washington), a tributary of the Skagit River
# George P. Wanty

George P. Wanty (March 12, 1856 – July 9, 1906) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan.

## Education and career

Born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Wanty received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Michigan Law School in 1878 and went into private practice. In 1883, he partnered with Niram A. Fletcher to form the law firm of Fletcher & Wanty, which is known today as Wheeler Upham, P.C. Wanty remained in private practice to 1900.

## Federal judicial service

On March 7, 1900, Wanty was nominated by President William McKinley to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan vacated by Judge Henry Franklin Severens. Wanty was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1900, and received his commission the same day. He served in that capacity until his death on July 9, 1906. He was succeeded by another attorney from the firm that he had founded, Loyal Edwin Knappen.
# Rodeo clown (disambiguation)

Rodeo clown generally refers to a rodeo performer who protects competitors in bull riding from being injured by the bulls.
The term may also refer to:
* "Rodeo Clown", a song by John Mellencamp from Freedom's Road
* "Rodeo Clowns", a song by Jack Johnson, available on the album On and On or as an earlier collaboration with G. Love and Special Sauce on Philadelphonic