OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gaston Renondeau

Gaston Renondeau (10 September 1879 – 25 November 1967) was a French translator and writer. He was also a French military officer, reaching the rank of division general in 1936.

## Biography
### Military career

Gaston-Ernest Renondeau entered the École Polytechnique before entering the military career as an artillery officer. In 1920, he served as the French military attache to the French mission in Japan. He obtained the rank of captain, and became brigadier general in 1932; division general in 1936. He was assigned as the French military attaché in Berlin from 1932 to 1938. This was considered the most important and prestigious of the attache posts. His accounts during this period included reports detailing Adolf Hitler's preparations to build the largest military force in Europe to achieve German hegemony in the region. This included evidence sent to France that Germany was making arrangements for a long military conflict.

### Translation career

Trainee in the Japanese army, from 1909 to 1913, and military attaché in Tokyo from 1923 to 1928, Gaston Renondeau became familiar with the Japanese language and undertook the translation of classic texts, poetic anthologies and Noh plays from 1926.
His translations of Japanese literature are authoritative. However, his habit of signing only "G. Renondeau" sometimes made him rename "Georges" in some articles devoted to him.

## Works
### General works and anthologies

* Gaston Renondeau, Histoire des moines guerriers au Japon, 1957, PUF,
* Gaston Renondeau, La doctrine de Nichiren, 1953, PUF,
* Gaston Renondeau, Nô, Premier et deuxième fascicules, 1953, Maison Franco-japonaise

### Collective work

* Gaston Renondeau, L'influence bouddhique sur les Nô, in Les Théâtres d'Asie, Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1961

### Translations

* Osamu Dazai: La déchéance d'un homme
* Ise monogatari. Connaissance de l’Orient. Gallimard/UNESCO. 1969. ISBN 2-07-071475-6.,
* Anthologie de la poésie japonaise classique. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. 1971. ISBN 2-07-032177-0.
* Yukio Mishima: The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, Paris, Gallimard, series. "Folio, le livre de poche", 1979 (ISBN 978-2-07-037147-1)
# List of Indonesian prisoners and detainees

This is a list of Indonesian prisoners and detainees:
* Abdul Aziz Imam Samudra
* Bali Nine
* Abu Bakar Bashir
* Andrew Chan
* Si Yi Chen
* Schapelle Corby
* Michael Czugaj
* Riduan Isamuddin
* Renae Lawrence
* Tan Duc Thanh Nguyen
* Matthew Norman
* Amrozi bin Nurhasyim
* Scott Rush
* Martin Stephens
* Tommy Suharto
* Myuran Sukumaran
# Porod's law

In X-ray or neutron small-angle scattering (SAS), Porod's law, discovered by Günther Porod, describes the asymptote of the scattering intensity I(q) for large scattering wavenumbers q.

## Context

Porod's law is concerned with wave numbers q that are small compared to the scale of usual Bragg diffraction; typically $q\lesssim 1{\text{ nm}}^{-1}$. In this range, the sample must not be described at an atomistic level; one rather uses a continuum description in terms of an electron density or a neutron scattering length density. In a system composed of distinct mesoscopic particles, all small-angle scattering can be understood as arising from surfaces or interfaces. Normally, SAS is measured in order to detect correlations between different interfaces, and in particular, between remote surface segments of one and the same particle. This allows conclusions about the size and shape of the particles, and their correlations.
Porod's q is relatively large on the usual scale of SAS. In this regime, correlations between remote surface segments and inter-particle correlations are so random that they average out. Therefore one sees only the local interface roughness.

## Standard form

If the interface is flat, then Porod's law predicts the scattering intensity
       $I(q)\sim Sq^{-4}$
where S is the surface area of the particles, which can in this way be experimentally determined. The power law q$^{−4}$ corresponds to the factor 1/sin$^4$θ in Fresnel equations of reflection.

## Generalized form

Since the advent of fractal mathematics it has become clear that Porod's law requires adaptation for rough interfaces because the value of the surface S may be a function of q (the yardstick by which it is measured). In the case of a fractally rough surface area with a dimensionality d between 2-3 Porod's law becomes:
       $\lim _{q\rightarrow \infty }I(q)\propto S'q^{-(6-d)}$
Thus if plotted logarithmically the slope of ln(I) versus ln(q) would vary between -4 and -3 for such a surface fractal. Slopes less negative than -3 are also possible in fractal theory and they are described using a volume fractal model in which the whole system can be described to be self-similar mathematically although not usually in reality in the nature.

## Derivation
### as Form factor asymptote

For a specific model system, e.g. a dispersion of uncorrelated spherical particles, one can derive Porod's law by computing the scattering function S(q) exactly, averaging over slightly different particle radii, and taking the limit $q\to \infty$.

### by considering just an interface

Alternatively, one can express S(q) as a double surface integral, using Ostrogradsky's theorem. For a flat surface in the xy-plane, one obtains
    $S({\vec {q}})={\frac {4\pi ^{2}}{q_{z}^{2}}}\delta (q_{x})\delta (q_{y}).$
Taking the spherical average over possible directions of the vector q, one obtains Porod's law in the form
    $S(q)={\frac {2\pi }{q^{4}}}.$
# Hong Kong Observers

The Hong Kong Observers (Chinese: 香港觀察社) was a middle class-based pressure group in Hong Kong that was active during the 1970s and 80s. It was formed by a group of young overseas-educated Chinese professionals and second-generation British expatriates who came together on 7 July 1975 to discuss issues affecting Hong Kong. It hoped to "supervise and criticise the government through objective research, exerting pressure on the government by influencing public opinion."
Through frequent and often influential articles published in both Chinese and English newspapers in the 1970s, the group called for government action to address community needs and greater public participation in local politics.
On 12 December 1980, an article written by Duncan Campbell in the New Statesman revealed that a secret committee called the Standing Committee on Pressure Groups (SCOPG) was set up by the Hong Kong government to infiltrate pressure groups in the colony and monitor their activities. The Hong Kong Observers bore the brunt of these pressure tactics, which forced the group to cease its activities in 1983.
The group's main concern in the 1980s was the Sino-British negotiations over the sovereignty of Hong Kong. It called for Hong Kong people to express their views and conducted an opinion poll on the colony's future. In 1983, prior to negotiations between Beijing and London over Hong Kong's future, Anna Wu led a delegation of lawyers to Beijing to meet with the then Director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office. They argued that human rights, rule of law and constitutional reform should be reflected in the Sino-British agreement. The group also argued for a longer transitional period, some degree of British presence after 1997 and the participation of Hong Kong people in drafting the future Hong Kong Basic Law.
Notable members of the group included former Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying and political scientist Joseph Cheng, who served as chairman from 1980 to 1982. Another former chair, Christine Loh, and Anna Wu were both appointed members of the Legislative Council by Governor Chris Patten shortly after he assumed office. Wu later became a non-official member in the Executive Council and Loh was appointed as undersecretary for Environment Bureau by Leung Chun-ying in 2012.
# Arthroleptis bioko

Arthroleptis bioko, the Bioko squeaker frog, is a species of frog from the genus Arthroleptis. It is native to Equatorial Guinea. The species was scientifically described in 2010 by Blackburn. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

## Description

The species is a medium-sized frog with a relatively thin head. The eyes have a spherical pupil and protrude somewhat from the eyelids on the sides of the head. On the sides of their bodies, they have skin ridges, and on the back and sides of their bodies, they have little, spiky projections. The species is entirely described from male specimens measuring between 26.7 to 33.4 mm (1.05 to 1.31 in). The third digit on the front limbs, which have four digits total, is the longest. The fourth finger on the hind limbs, which have five digits total, is the longest. The toes and fingers have broad, rounded tips, and there is no webbing between the digits. The species is generally grayish-brown in color. The dorsal side of the frog has a few distinct deeper brown markings and blotchy areas of light-brownish gray. The tympanum is dark and hardly translucent. There is no colour on the tips of the fingers and toes. In addition to having a longer third finger, males also have spiny projections on their toes and crotch. They also have stretched and darker-colored skin around their throats. Both the pupil and iris are gray.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to Equatorial Guinea in about one to four locations. They are found in elevations around 1,321 to 1,820 m (4,334 to 5,971 ft). They are listed as Endangered on the IUCN based on their declining population, though much is not known in that regard. Climate change could be another reason for the decline in populations.

## Ecology and behavior

It lives in forests of Bioko in leaf litters. They are also spotted near water sources like streams. Not much is known about the disturbance tolerance of the species or its secondary habitat. Human encroachment could be a possible threat to the species rather than habitat loss.
# Arthroleptis kutogundua

Arthroleptis kutogundua, also known as the overlooked squeaker frog, is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It has not been seen since 1930, and is believed to be possibly extinct.

## Taxonomy

Originally, Arthroleptis kutogundua was incorrectly identified as Arthroleptis adolfifriederici. It was formally described as a new species in 2012 by David C. Blackburn. He gave it the specific epithet 'kutogundua' from a Kiswahili word for 'to not discover', referring to the fact that its original collector did not recognize it as a new species.

## Description

Arthroleptis kutogundua is larger than most members of its genus, with the only known specimen being 44.4mm long. They have longer toes and less prominent tympanums than other members of their genus as well.

## Habitat and distribution

Arthroleptis kutogundua is only known from its type locality, Ngozi Crater in the Poronto Mountains of Tanzania. The holotype was collected while hopping on the sodden forest floor, and the species is believed to be terrestrial and associated with leaf litter.

## History

The holotype and only known specimen of Arthroleptis kutogundua was an adult female, collected on March 19, 1930, by herpetologist Arthur Loveridge. He incorrectly identified it as Arthroleptis adolfifriederici. The species has not been seen since then. In 2012, herpetologist David Blackburn reassessed the specimen, and identified it as a new species. His recommendation was that the species be classed as Data Deficient by the IUCN. The IUCN assessed the species on October 1, 2012, and classified it as Critically Endangered and possibly extinct.
# Poreče, Vipava

Poreče (pronounced) is a settlement in the upper Vipava Valley just north of Podnanos in the Municipality of Vipava in the Littoral region of Slovenia.
# Rocky Klever

Victor Kenneth Klever (born July 10, 1959) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New York Jets in the ninth round of the 1982 NFL draft and played his entire career with them. He played college football at Montana.
# Rocky LaPorte

Rocky LaPorte is an American actor and a stand-up comedy performer. In 2005 he had his own stand-up special on Comedy Central Presents. After the comedian Tim Allen watched Rocky on The Tonight Show, he claimed Rocky as his "favorite new comic" and brought him on to play in his movie The Shaggy Dog. Rocky visited Iraq with Drew Carey, and the trip became a movie called Patriot Act: a Jeffrey Ross Home Movie, which aired on Showtime. He was also one of the few comedians to get a standing ovation on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
Rocky was a finalist in the eighth season of NBC's Last Comic Standing finishing in the top five, Rocky qualified to perform on the Last Comic Standing Tour, which took place in the fall of 2014.

## Filmography

* The Pat Sajak Show 1989
* The Magic Johnson Show 1989
* 1989 Johnnie Walker National Comedy Search (1989)
* Cheers (episode: "Ma Always Liked You Better", 1990)
* Evening at the Improv (1989, 1991, 1992)
* Caroline's Comedy Club Hour, (1989, 1990)
* The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (episode: October 6, 2004)
* Comedy Central Presents: Rocky LaPorte (2005)
* Patriot Act: A Jeffrey Ross Home Movie (2005)
* Just for Laughs (episode: November 20, 2005)
* The Shaggy Dog (2006)
* The Godfathers Of Comedy. (2009)
* The Very Funny Show (2009)
* Crazy on the Outside (2010)
* Last Comic Standing (2014)
* Ron White, Salute to the Troops (2015), CW
# Rock Island Bridge

Rock Island Bridge may refer to:
* Rock Island Bridge (Kansas City, Kansas), crossing the Kansas River in Kansas City, Kansas and Missouri
* Rock Island Centennial Bridge, crossing the Mississippi River between Rock Island, Illinois and Davenport, Iowa
* Government Bridge, crossing the Mississippi River between Rock Island, Illinois and Davenport, Iowa at the location of the first "Rock Island Bridge"
* Harahan Bridge, crossing the Mississippi River between Memphis, Tennessee and Arkansas, also called the Rock Island Bridge
# Rock Island Clean Line

The Rock Island Clean Line was a proposed 500-mile high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. The stated purpose of the line was to transport electrical power from wind energy dense states in the Midwestern United States (Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota and Minnesota) to the energy markets in the Chicago, Illinois, and cities further east. The planned line would run from the Sanborn, Iowa area to near Morris, Illinois. The developer, Clean Line Energy Partners, originally targeted an operational date of 2017.
The region where the line would start has large potential for wind generation, but currently already can produce all the electricity it can use or transport out of the region on existing transmission lines. The line would have the capacity to transport up to 3500 megawatts of power out of the region. An economic study for the line estimates that it could transmit the power of eight 500 MW wind farms in the Siouxland area.
The Federal Electricity Regulatory Commission approved the line in May 2012. In November 2014, the Illinois Commerce Commission approved it. As of January 2016, the Iowa Utilities Board has not yet approved it.
Opposition to the Rock Island Clean Line was organized by Block RICL, which claims that the line will carry mostly non-wind energy (i.e., coal) and will use an unreasonably large amount of land.
As of 2022, the status of the project is that it is completely dead. Clean Line withdrew its application to the Iowa Utilities Board in 2017, and Clean Line lost a decision of the Illinowas Supreme Court which held that Clean Line did not meet the ownership requirements to be a public utility in Illinois. Thus, the entire project has been killed by the two states. Clean Line is out of business and has let go all of its employees.
# Portland Mountain Rescue

Portland Mountain Rescue is a search and rescue organization based in Portland, Oregon, United States. It specializes in high angle mountain rescue and mountain rescue in northwest Oregon and southwest Washington, as well as providing educational materials and information on mountain and backcountry safety. Secondary areas of operations include Central Oregon and western Washington. The organization is 100% volunteer and has about 65 field-deployable members.
Portland Mountain Rescue is called upon by sheriff departments when there is a reported missing climber, hiker, or other rescue mission requiring the unit's specialized skills. Law enforcement does not climb the mountain, but relies on mountain rescue organizations for their skill, expertise, and experience. Since its inception, Portland Mountain Rescue has been involved in most rescues on Mount Hood.
The organization's members have diverse backgrounds and professions. Their common attribute is that all are highly skilled climbers. Each member spends a minimum of 30 hours training each year in necessary skills: navigation, alpine climbing, rope work, wilderness survival, patient care, and others.
Portland Mountain Rescue volunteers object to media reports suggesting the members "risk their own lives" as it is hard on their families and inaccurate. The organization has several procedures and requirements which insure its own member safety, such as working in teams of at least two on high, steep terrain.

## History

In 1955, the groups which had been doing rescues formed MORESCO, an acronym for Mountain Rescue Council of Oregon. In 1959, MORESCO joined several other organizations from the western US and formed the Mountain Rescue Association at Timberline Lodge. By the mid-1970s, MORESCO was experiencing difficulties related to its wide geographic area; it began reorganizing into regional teams. In 1977, the Portland unit of MORESCO formed Portland Mountain Rescue.
# Portland Museum

Portland Museum may refer to:
* Portland Museum (Louisville), Louisville, Kentucky, USA
* Portland Museum, Dorset, England (on the Isle of Portland)
* Portland Museum of Art, Maine, USA
* Portland Art Museum, Oregon, USA
* Portland Children's Museum, Oregon, USA
* Portland Gallery, London, England
* 'The Portland Museum', collection of Margaret Cavendish-Harley, Duchess of Portland, now dissolved
# Gastric pits

Gastric pits are indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to 3-5 tubular gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach. The human stomach has several million of these pits which dot the surface of the lining epithelium. Surface mucous cells line the pits themselves but give way to a series of other types of cells which then line the glands themselves.

## Gastric juice

Gastric juice, containing gastric acid, is secreted from gastric glands, which are located in gastric pits. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and mucus. Hydrochloric acid is secreted by parietal cells, pepsinogen is secreted by gastric chief cells and mucus is secreted by mucous neck cells.
# Gastric mucosal barrier

The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion.
If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
The barrier consists of three protective components. These provide the additional resistance for the mucosal surface of the stomach. The three components include:
* A compact epithelial cell lining. Cells in the epithelium of the stomach are bound by tight junctions that repel harsh fluids that may injure the stomach lining.
* A special mucus covering, derived from mucus secreted by surface epithelial cells and Foveolar cells. This insoluble mucus forms a protective gel-like coating over the entire surface of the gastric mucosa. The mucus protects the gastric mucosa from autodigestion by e.g. pepsin and from erosion by acids and other caustic materials that are ingested.
* Bicarbonate ions, secreted by the surface epithelial cells. The bicarbonate ions act to neutralize harsh acids.

## Factors that can damage the barrier

- Bacterial Infection by Helicobacter pylori
- Alcohol
- Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin
# Gymnosphaera khasyana

Gymnosphaera khasyana, synonyms Alsophila khasyana and Cyathea khasyana, is a species of tree fern. Its natural distribution extends from the Himalayas and eastern India to Myanmar and south-central China, although it is absent from Sri Lanka. G. khasyana grows in forest at an elevation of 1400–1700 m. The trunk of this plant is erect and 5–7 m tall. Fronds may be bi- or tripinnate and 2–3 m in length. G. khasyana has a long, dark stipe that is covered in numerous scales. These scales are dark and have broad, pale, fringed edges. Sori are borne near the midvein of fertile pinnules and lack indusia.
The specific epithet khasyana refers to the Khasi Hills of India.
# Alibis (song)

"Alibis" is a song written by Randy Boudreaux, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released on February 11, 1993, as the lead single and title track from his album Alibis. The song became Lawrence's second number one country hit in 1993 on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Marc Ball and premiered in early 1993. In the music video, Mariner High School in Cape Coral, Florida, was the school shot in the footage.

## Chart performance

The song debuted at number 64 on the Hot Country Singles chart dated February 20, 1993. It charted for 20 weeks on that chart, and reached number one on the chart dated May 1, 1993, staying there for two weeks.

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 1 |
| US Billboard Hot 100 | 72 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1993) | Rank |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 23 |
| US Country Songs (Billboard) | 14 |
# Sköndal

Sköndal is a district in the Farsta borough of southern Stockholm. It neighbours Gubbängen to the northwest, Hökarängen to the west, Farsta to the southwest and Larsboda to the south. To the east and partially north it neighbours the Skarpnäck borough, in particular the districts of Skarpnäcks Gård and Orhem. As of December 31, 2008, the total population of Sköndal is 7,450.
The area was largely developed in the 1950s and 1960, with the building of a number of apartment blocks. In 1969 the shopping centre Sköndals Centrum was built, consisting of small number of shops around an open square. The local library is found here, along with a small supermarket, a newsagents and a bar.
Sköndal is well served by Stockholm's public transport system, with buses running from Sköndals Centrum to Farsta, and from the nearby motorway, Tyresövägen, to Gullmarsplan.
The area is largely residential, though broken up by green spaces, wooded areas and footpaths and cycleways. Close by is the lake Drevviken, with a walking trail around the edge, and the Flaten conservation area.
# 2020 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament

The 2020 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament was the tournament scheduled to be held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of women's college basketball among its Division I members in the United States and Canada for the 2018–19 basketball season.
The NAIA cancelled the tournament due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the first time the tournament had to be cancelled since its establishment in 1981.
Due to the planned consolidation of the two NAIA divisions into a single division ahead of the 2021 tournament, this was also scheduled to be the final edition of a separate Division I NAIA women's tournament.
The tournament was due to be played at the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark in Billings, Montana.

## Qualification

The tournament field was due to remain fixed at thirty-two teams, again utilizing a single-elimination format.
# Quick '20

Quick '20 (short for Katholieke Voetbal Vereniging Quick 1920, Eng.: Catholic Football Club Quick 1920) is a football club from Oldenzaal, Netherlands. The club was founded in 1920.
In the 2019 Club Friendlies, Quick lost 11–2 to Ajax.