OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Involutional melancholia

Involutional melancholia or involutional depression is a traditional name for a supposed psychiatric disorder which was thought to affect mainly elderly or late middle-aged people, often in association with paranoia.
As with other historical descriptions of melancholia, this diagnostic label is not recognized as a psychiatric disorder by the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) classification and diagnostic tool.

## History

In 1907, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin was the first to propose (in the seventh edition of his influential textbook) the existence of involutional melancholia as a distinct clinical entity, separate from the manic-depressive psychosis. At the time, he believed that 'the processes of involution in the body are suited to engender mournful or anxious moodiness', and that this could help explain the more frequent occurrence of depression among elderly people. Later, Kraepelin's stance changed, broadly in line with the results of a study he had commissioned by his colleague Georges L. Dreyfus: by the time of the publication of the eighth edition of his textbook in 1913, he had incorporated involutional melancholia under the general heading of 'manic-depressive illness'.
Dreyfus had challenged (in 1907) Kraepelin's concept of an acquired origin, maintaining it to be endogenous in origin (although statistical review of Dreyfus's analysis of his case series has questioned his conclusion that the natural history of involutional melancholia was similar to that of depression in younger people). Some debate about its status as a potential clinical entity, as well as possible causation - endogenous or environmental - continued into the late twentieth century. It was noted that whereas "involutional melancholy was conceptualized as an acquired rather than constitutional disorder, these ideas have not survived careful scrutiny."

## Characteristics

Symptoms were thought to include agitation, depersonalization, and delusions of bodily change, in the absence of manic features. Symptoms of fear were also considered to occur, as well as despondency and hypochondriacal delusions. In the absence of treatment, the disorder was thought to have a prolonged, deteriorating course with poor prognosis.

## Treatments

Involutional melancholia was classically treated with antidepressants and mood elevators.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was also used. Around the mid-twentieth century, there was some consensus that ECT was the most effective treatment option, and could prevent years of hospitalization. (Such an approach has also been reported in the 21st century.)

### Psychoanalysis

Otto Fenichel considered that "psychoanalytically, not much is known about the structure and mechanism of involutional melancholias; they seem to occur in personalities with an outspoken compulsive character of an especially rigid nature. In the climacterium the compulsive defensive systems fail."
# Involution (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Involution is an album by multi-instrumentalist Michael Marcus, with the Jaki Byard trio.

## Background

This was Marcus's third album for Justin Time Records.

## Recording and music

The album was recorded in 1998. The tracks are a mix of Marcus originals and standards that are played relatively infrequently. Marcus plays a variety of saxophones: the stritch (a form of soprano), saxello (a straight alto), and a straight tenor.

## Release

The album was released by Justin Time on March 30, 1998.

## Reception

The AllMusic reviewer commented that this album was more conventional in style than many of Marcus's other recordings.

## Track listing

* "Israel" (John Carisi) – 5:46
* "Quadrophonics" (Michael Marcus) – 7:43
* "The Legend of Hale-Bopp" (Marcus) – 6:09
* "Soultrane" (Tadd Dameron) – 7:47
* "Man from Lovejoy" (Marcus) – 4:19
* "Off Minor" (Thelonious Monk) – 4:55
* "Sacred Law" (Marcus) – 4:33
* "Dear Lord" (John Coltrane) – 4:40
* "Surfer Girl" (Brian Wilson) – 2:30
* "Involution" (Marcus) – 4:34

## Personnel

* Michael Marcus – straight tenor sax, saxello, stritch
* Jaki Byard – piano
* Ralph Hamperian – bass
* Richard Allen – drums
# Sauksaik

Sauksaik is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
# Pseudostixis flavomarmorata

Pseudostixis flavomarmorata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1964, originally as Pseudostixis flavomarmoratus. It is known from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Herbert George Welch

Herbert George Welch (November 7, 1862 – April 4, 1969) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, The Methodist Church and the United Methodist Church. He was elected to the episcopacy in 1916. He also distinguished himself as a Methodist pastor, and as the fifth President of Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio.

## Birth and family

Welch was born 7 November 1862 in New York City, New York. He was a son of Peter A. and Mary L. (née Loveland) Welch. Herbert married Adelaide Frances McGee 3 June 1890. They had two daughters: Dorothy McGee Welch and Eleanor Loveland Welch.

## Education

Welch attended the Brooklyn College and Polytechnic Institute (now NYU Poly) in 1882. He earned the B.A. degree from Wesleyan University in 1887. He earned an M.A. from Wesleyan in 1890. He attended Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, New Jersey, earning the B.D. degree in 1890. He did postgraduate work at Oxford University in 1903.

## Ordained and academic ministry

Welch entered the New York Annual Conference of the M.E. Church and was appointed to Bedford Station in 1890. In 1892 he was appointed pastor of St. Luke's M.E. Church in New York City. He then transferred to the New York East Annual Conference, where he was appointed successively to: Summerfield in Brooklyn, 1893–98; Middletown, Connecticut, 1898–1903; and the Chester Hill M.E. Church in Mt. Vernon, New York, 1903–05.
In 1905 Welch transferred his conference membership again, this time to the West Ohio Annual Conference, when he was named the president of Ohio Wesleyan University. He served as president until becoming bishop in 1916.
During 1907–1908, Welch was president of the Association of Ohio College Presidents and Deans. He was also the president of the Methodist Social Service from 1909 to 1912, and later served as chairman of the Methodist Commission for Overseas Relief, 1940–1948.

## Episcopal ministry

Welch was elected and consecrated a bishop by the M.E. General Conference of 1916. He served in this capacity for 53 years until his death at the age of 106 in 1969.
His first episcopal assignment was to Korea and Japan (the Seoul episcopal area), where he served for twelve years. From 1928 until 1932 he was assigned the Pittsburgh area. In 1932 he was sent to China for his last assignment. He retired in 1936 from the active episcopacy.
# I Will Always Love You (film)

I Will Always Love You is a 2006 Philippine romantic comedy drama film directed by Mac C. Alejandre. The film stars Richard Gutierrez and Angel Locsin. The theme song of the film, "I'll Always Love You", is performed by Nina.

## Plot

Justin (Richard Gutierrez) is a rich, smart, confident mestizo from a private school in Manila while Cecille (Angel Locsin) is a simple scholar from a rural public school. The two fall for each other against the wishes of his parents, (Jean Garcia and Lloyd Samartino). They want him to marry Donna (Bianca King), their business partner’s daughter.
His parents order Justin to study in the States to separate him from Cecille. But Justin finds a way to take her with him to San Francisco without anyone knowing. The young lovers live their dream in America. One day, however, Justin’s mother drops by to visit, bringing Donna with her. Justin hides Cecille with a family friend (Suzette Ranillo). One day, she catches him and Donna in a tight embrace.
She takes the first plane back to Manila, ignoring Justin’s attempts to explain why he was kissing Donna. Back home, Cecille’s childhood friend Andrew, (James Blanco) courts her relentlessly. In a few months, Andrew and Cecille are engaged to be married. And then, Justin flies home to try to win Cecille back.

## Cast

* Richard Gutierrez as Justin Ledesma
* Angel Locsin as Cecille
* James Blanco as Andrew
* Bianca King as Donna
* Tuesday Vargas as Frida
* Bearwin Meily as Ogie
* Jean Garcia as Adelle Ledesma
* Lloyd Samartino as Edward Ledesma
* Amy Austria as Encar
* Melissa Aguirre as Cindy
* Louie Alejandro as Peping
* Malou Crisologo as Grace
* Soliman Cruz as Roger
* Karen delos Reyes as Tessa
* Ehra Madrigal as Mitch
* Miriam Pantig as Mrs. Rivera
* Suzette Ranillo as Tita Emma
* Miguel Tanfelix as Jonjon
* Theo Trapalis as Student (USA)
* Nash Aguas as young Justin
* Gabriel Roxas as young Ogie
* Miguel Aguila
# Pálmi Gestsson

Pálmi Gestsson (born 2 October 1957) is an Icelandic actor and voice actor. He is known for the long-running Icelandic sketch group Spaugstofan which he co-created. Among his voice acting is the Icelandic voice of Shere Khan in The Jungle Book.

## Early life

Pálmi was born in 1957 in Bolungarvík, the Westfjords, Iceland.

## Career

Pálmi graduated from the Icelandic Drama School in 1982. He has been working with the National Theatre of Iceland since 1983.

## Personal life

Pálmi is a nature lover and once walked up 52 mountains (1 per week) in a year in Iceland. He likes hunting birds and especially reindeer which is one of his favorite foods.
He is married to Sigurlaug Halldórsdóttir, a stewardess, and has 4 children.

## Selected filmography

* Bíódagar (1994) as Truck Driver
* Benjamín Dúfa (1995) as Andrés's father
* Einglar Alheimsins (2000) as Vilhjálmur
* Njálssaga (2003) as Þráinn
* Afinn (2014) as Lárus
* Þrestir (2015) as Diddi
* Ófærð (2015-2016) (TV-series) as Hrafn Eysteinsson
* Agnes Joy (2019)
* Odd Fish (2023)
# Félix Mas

Félix Mas (born 1935) is a Spanish comic book artist and fine artist.

## Career

Félix Mas was born in Barcelona, northern Spain. He studied art at Saint Jordi and joined the military, where he stayed until 1957. After leaving the military he joined the Spanish art agency Seleciones Illustrada and started working for various romance comics for companies like Fleetway and Valentine. He also drew the detective story Lt. Kane for T.V. Heroes. During the 1960s Mas worked in Scandinavia as an illustrator. He returned to comics in 1969 with D.C. Thomson's Romeo.
Mas was hired by American company Warren Publishing in 1972: he subsequently drew a total of 17 horror stories for their magazines Creepy and Vampirella until January 1975. The story "The Vampiress Stalks the Castle at Night" from Vampirella #21 was included within a list of the top 25 Warren stories in the book The Warren Companion by David Roach. After leaving Warren, Mas moved to Venezuela and stopped his comic work, choosing instead to focus on painting. He would later move to Florida.

## Selected bibliography

* Lt. Kane
* Romeo
* Creepy (issues 43, 45, 46, 50–52)
* Vampirella (issues 16, 18, 21–24, 34–36, 38, 39)

## Sources

* Roach, David A.; Cooke, Jon B. The Warren Companion.
# Hypovirus

Hypovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hypoviridae. Fungi serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Infection reduces the virulence of its parasitic host, making it a hyperparasite useful for blight control.

## Species

The following species are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), all of which were found with Cryphonectria parasitica:
* Cryphonectria hypovirus 1
* Cryphonectria hypovirus 2
* Cryphonectria hypovirus 3
* Cryphonectria hypovirus 4
There are numerous family members affecting other plant-pathogenic fungi not yet accepted into the ICTV nomenclature. A proposal reorganizes the family into three genera. The informal family Fusariviridae is the sister group.

## Structure

The diameter is around 50–80 nm. Genomes are linear, around 9–13kb in length. The genome has 1 or 2 open reading frames, named OrfA (not always present) and OrfB.
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| Hypovirus | No true capsid | | Non-enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
The genome contains no structural proteins. The virus accordingly does not bud out of the cell (see "life cycle" below). Both open reading frames of CHV1 contain a papain-like protease to the N-terminal that is autocatalyticly cleaved. OrfA (p69, P10941) cleaves into the p29 C7 protease and a nonessential p40 protein. OrfB (Q04350) cleaves into a p48 C8 protease and the RNA replicase–helicase.

## Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by cell to cell movement. Fungi serve as the natural host.
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| Hypovirus | Fungi | None | Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis | Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasmic exchange; hyphal anastomosis |

## CHV1 – Chestnut blight hypovirulence

Up to 2000, Hypovirus CHV1 was the only hypovirus found in Europe. It is known for reducing the virulence of the fungus that causes chestnut blight (i.e. hypovirulence). Cryphonectria parasitica, the ascomycete fungus, originated in Asia and causes the disease chestnut blight in several chestnut species (Castanea spp.). Although symptoms are mild in Asian chestnut species that have co-evolved with the fungus, they are very severe in the North American chestnut species C. dentata and also in the European sweet chestnut, C. sativa. Hypovirus has been used for protection against chestnut blight in Europe since the 1970s.
# Snartemo

Snartemo is a village in Hægebostad municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in a fairly narrow valley along the river Lygna, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) south of the municipal centre of Tingvatn. Snartemo has a population of 118 in 2015. There are historic archeological sites located in Snartemo. Hægebostad Church, built in 1844, is located in Snartemo.
The village is served by Snartemo Station on the Sørlandet Line, the only railway station in the municipality. The station is located in a valley between the Hægebostad Tunnel to the east and Kvineshei Tunnel to the west. These tunnels are 8,474 meters (27,802 ft) and 9,065 meters (29,741 ft) length, respectively, and the fifth and fourth-longest railway tunnels on the railway network in Norway.
# 2000 Nordic Figure Skating Championships

The 2000 Nordic Figure Skating Championships were held on March 3–5, 2000 at the Stavanger Ishall in Stavanger, Norway. The competition was open to elite figure skaters from Nordic countries. Skaters competed in two disciplines, men's singles and ladies' singles, across two levels: senior (Olympic-level) and junior.

## Senior results
### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Michael Tyllesen | Denmark |
| 2 | Johnny Rønne Jensen | Denmark |
| 3 | Filip Stiller | Sweden |
| 4 | Tero Hämäläinen | Finland |
| 5 | Joni Juvonen | Finland |
| 6 | Lasse Bech | Denmark |
| 7 | Pasi Honkanen | Finland |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Susanna Pöykiö | Finland |
| 2 | Anna Lundström | Sweden |
| 3 | Klara Bramfeldt | Sweden |
| 4 | Kaja Hanevold | Norway |
| 5 | Tiina Weckman | Finland |
| 6 | Laura Nordström | Finland |
| 7 | Sara Axelsson | Sweden |
| 8 | Marjut Turunen | Finland |
| 9 | Catrin Martinsson | Sweden |
| 10 | Maria-Louise Deistler | Denmark |

## Junior results
### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Ari-Pekka Nurmenkari | Finland |
| 2 | Mikko Minkkinen | Finland |
| 3 | Mikael Olofsson | Sweden |
| 4 | Teemu Piiroinen | Sweden |
| 5 | Niklas Hogner | Sweden |
| 6 | Visa Tuominen | Finland |
| 7 | Martin Johansson | Sweden |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| 1 | Taru Karvosenoja | Finland |
| 2 | Johanna Götesson | Sweden |
| 3 | Jessica Söderlind | Sweden |
| 4 | Carina Bierich | Sweden |
| 5 | Linda Arvela | Finland |
| 6 | Tytti Tervonen | Finland |
| 7 | Charlotte Jonasson | Sweden |
| 8 | Karoliina Kokko | Finland |
| 9 | Ylva Hellstadius | Sweden |
| 10 | Rikke Kjer Petersen | Denmark |
| 11 | Christina Lykke Kristensen | Denmark |
| 12 | Soila Jalava | Finland |
| 13 | Anja Graugaard | Denmark |
| 14 | Annette Hoff | Norway |
| 15 | Linn Rønning | Norway |
| 16 | Helle Greenaa Larsen | Denmark |
| 17 | Marianne Fjørtoft | Norway |
| 18 | Madeleine Daleng | Norway |
| 19 | Mia Falk-Larssen | Norway |
# QSDK

The QSDK is a streaming scene graph retained-mode Application Programming Interface (API) combined with a cell-portal system to connect scene graphs. Audio and animation are fully supported.
It is available on Macintosh, PlayStation 2 and Xbox platforms, and for free on PC platforms.
# Pyrausta pellicalis

Pyrausta pellicalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Spain and North Africa, including Algeria.
# Rüppell's weaver

Rüppell's weaver (Ploceus galbula) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae, which is native to the northern Afrotropics. The species is named after the German zoologist and explorer Eduard Rüppell (1794–1884).

## Range

It is found from Sudan to Somalia and extreme northern Kenya. It is also found in the south-western Arabian Peninsula.

## Habitat

In the mountains of Degua Tembien in north Ethiopia, it can be observed in bushy and shrubby areas.

## Gallery

* Male at nest
* Illustration from Rüppell, 1840
* male, Oman
# List of listed buildings in Carnoustie, Angus

This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Carnoustie in Angus, Scotland.
Download coordinates as:
* KML
* GPX (all coordinates)
* GPX (primary coordinates)
* GPX (secondary coordinates)

## List

| Name | Location | Date Listed | Grid Ref. | Geo-coordinates | Notes | LB Number | Image |
| Holyrood Episcopal Church, Maule Street | | | | 56°30′14″N 2°42′39″W﻿ / ﻿56.503754°N 2.710932°W﻿ / 56.503754; -2.710932﻿ (Holyrood Episcopal Church, Maule Street) | Category B | 22968 | Upload another image |

## Key

The scheme for classifying buildings in Scotland is:
* Category A: "buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic; or fine, little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type."
* Category B: "buildings of regional or more than local importance; or major examples of some particular period, style or building type, which may have been altered."
* Category C: "buildings of local importance; lesser examples of any period, style, or building type, as originally constructed or moderately altered; and simple traditional buildings which group well with other listed buildings."
In March 2016 there were 47,288 listed buildings in Scotland. Of these, 8% were Category A, and 50% were Category B, with the remaining 42% being Category C.
# Iluppaiyur, Virudhunagar district

Iluppaiyur is a panchayat and village in Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu, India. The name Iluppaiyur is derived from "Iluppai tree".

## Demography

People of the Nadar and Chettiar caste live in the village.

## Economy

The economy is based on agriculture. The Gundaru, a tributary of the Vaigai River, flows through Iluppaiyur, but most of the year it is dry. Water comes only during floods.

## Festivals

Panguni Pongal is one of the most popular festivals of Iluppaiyur. This festival falls in April every year. Pongal festival lasts for five days.

## Education

The name of the school is NKV SALA(Nadar Kshathriya Vidhya Sala)

## Adjacent communities

vtePlaces adjacent to Iluppaiyur, Virudhunagar district :
Iluppaiyur, Virudhunagar district :
# Iluppaiyurani

Iluppaiyurani is a panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Iluppaiyurani had a population of 11,843. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Iluppaiyurani has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 65%. In Iluppaiyurani, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Puntioplites waandersi

Puntioplites waandersi is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Puntioplites from south east Asia and the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lumbantobing, D.; Allen, D.J. (2020). "Puntioplites waandersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T180803A91069639. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T180803A91069639.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Puntioplites waandersi". FishBase.
* This Cyprininae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Qaravəlilər

40°43′43″N 45°25′43″E﻿ / ﻿40.72861°N 45.42861°E﻿ / 40.72861; 45.42861
Qaravəlilər (also, Qaravəllilər and Qaravəllər) is a village in the Gadabay Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Hacılar.
# S-Net

S-Net is a worldwide inter-satellite communications network consisting of four satellites and being operated by Technische Universität Berlin.

## Description

The project has the goal to investigate and demonstrate inter-satellite communication technology within a distributed and autonomously operating nanosatellite network. All satellites are equipped with a S-Band radio emitter and receiver, which not only enables communication with the ground-based control center but also allows for communication between the individual satellites. The number of satellites in the network was set to four as this number represents the best cost-benefit-ratio. With four satellites, a total of six independent communication links are possible, while only three are possible with three satellites. Moreover, four is the lowest number that enables multi-hop communication. The satellites are powered by solar cells and batteries and have a planned lifetime of one year. Future applications of the technology may be more effective monitoring of global issues like climate change, disaster management, maritime systems monitoring and even enable satellite constellations for high-bandwidth internet access.

## Launch

The four satellites were successfully launched on a Soyuz-2.1A rocket from Vostochny Site 1S in Russia on 1 February 2018. The launch was originally scheduled for 22 December 2017, however due to the failure of a Soyuz-2.1B rocket, Roscosmos decided to delay the mission. The spacecraft were released into orbit at an altitude of approximately 580 kilometers at an interval of 10 seconds. The launch represents the tenth mission of the TU Berlin, sending a total of 16 satellites to space.
# Badeschiff

The Badeschiff (in English, "bathing ship") is a floating public swimming pool in Berlin, the capital city of Germany. Situated in the East Harbour section of the River Spree, the Badeschiff allows citizens to swim in a sanitary environment near the river. The Spree itself is far too polluted to permit safe swimming.
The Badeschiff opened in the summer of 2004 as an art project organized by the Stadtkunstprojekte (City Art Project Society) of Berlin. It was created after a competition won by tree architects with Fernando Menis as head architect and with the participation in the artistic part of the project of local artist, Susanne Lorenz, but the original idea was created for Spanish architects Artengo, Fernando Menis and Pastrana with the help of Gil Wilk, to enliven city life along a long-neglected stretch of the Spree. The architects were inspired in the blue ocean of their native island, Tenerife.
The pool was converted from the hull of a vessel measuring eight by thirty-two metres. It is open to the public daily from 8am to midnight. Disc jockeys commonly spin records outside the pool entrance where there is also a bar.