OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2001 United Kingdom budget

The 2001 United Kingdom budget, named "Investing for the Long Term: Building Opportunity and Prosperity for All", was presented by Gordon Brown, Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons March 2001. As of June 2020 it is the most recent year in UK history that the government reported a budgetary surplus.

## Reform of Betting Taxation

In the 2001 UK Budget, Chancellor Gordon Brown introduced significant reforms aimed at modernizing the taxation system for the betting industry, with a focus on promoting competitiveness and fairness. Central to these reforms was the replacement of the longstanding general betting duty with a gross profits tax system, scheduled to come into effect by 1st January 2002.
Under the new system, the existing duty of 6.75% on total stakes was supplanted by a 15% tax on bookmakers' gross profits. This shift was designed to eliminate taxation on punters directly, fostering accessibility and fairness within the industry. Moreover, by restructuring the tax burden to be borne by bookmakers, the reform aimed to empower them to absorb the tax and cease the 9% "deduction" previously charged on stakes.
The rationale behind this reform was to create an environment conducive to the growth of the British betting industry, both domestically and internationally. By leveraging the opportunities presented by e-commerce and the global betting market, the reform sought to position UK-based bookmakers at a competitive advantage.
One notable outcome of these changes was the decision by major UK bookmakers to relocate their offshore operations back to the UK. This relocation was driven by the attractiveness of the new duty system, coupled with the nation's reputation for bookmaking integrity, skilled workforce, and robust IT infrastructure. The repatriation of these operations promised to stimulate e-commerce businesses, create employment opportunities, and contribute to economic growth.
Furthermore, the reforms broadened the scope of the gross profits tax to include bets placed with brokers or agents holding bookmakers' permits, ensuring equitable treatment across the industry. While the on-course exemption for betting at racecourses and greyhound tracks was retained, discussions were initiated regarding the potential inclusion of betting at other sports venues within the new tax framework.
In summary, the 2001 Budget's reforms of betting taxation aimed to foster a competitive and fair environment for the British betting industry. By transitioning to a gross profits tax system and eliminating taxation on punters, the reforms sought to stimulate growth, enhance competitiveness, and safeguard government revenues in the long term.
# Resüller, Dursunbey

Resüller is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Dursunbey, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 87 (2022).
# BASIC Atom

Basic Atom refers to a line of self-contained microcontrollers from Basic Micro.
Like the Basic stamp, the Basic Atom line is based upon various microchips pre-programmed with an interpreter, making it easy to change "programs", as they are only "data" being interpreted. A compiler converts a high level language into the interpretive "code" which is then loaded in as data, and run.
Basic Atom chips may be added to other projects via the familiar Dual in-line package style, or the higher density TQFP.
One small Basic Atom Pro is implemented as a Single in-line package thus taking very little area on a board, at the expense of greater height.
* This robotics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# International Structural Engineering and Construction Society

The International Structural Engineering and Construction Society (ISEC) is a non-profit professional body founded in 2001 to represent members of the civil engineering, structural engineering, and construction engineering profession worldwide. Based in Fargo, North Dakota, it offers educational conferences, seminars, and literature through an international network of advisors and regional representatives.

## Mission

"The mission of ISEC Conferences is to enhance communication and understanding between structural, system, and construction engineers, for successful design and construction of engineering projects. Interdisciplinary integration and international cooperation are encouraged. ISEC conferences promote innovative and integrative approaches in life cycle systems thinking in civil and building engineering that include constructability, specifications, design, bidding, and construction. It is the purpose of ISEC to provide an international forum for the discussion of topics important to developing new knowledge in construction and structural engineering. The aim of ISEC is to conduct such conferences at an international level.".

## Conferences and education

ISEC hosts biennial international conferences and regional conferences. The international Conferences are held in all odd number years, while the regional conferences (ASEA SEC and EURO MED SEC) are held in even number years.
The upcoming conferences are scheduled to be held for LATAM SEC 2024 in Quito, Ecuador and for EURO MED SEC 5 in Vilnius, Lithuania

## ISEC Press

In 2014, ISEC Society launched ISEC Press as a publishing subsidiary. The title is now known as "Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction," carrying an ISSN number of 2644-108X.
The articles go through a rigorous peer-review process. Abstracts are reviewed double-blind, whereas the manuscripts are reviewed single-blind. All articles go through similarity checks and an extensive copyediting process.

## Publications

To date, ISEC has published its proceedings from international and regional conferences, containing more than 3,500 peer-reviewed papers from about 60 countries. These are accessible in the ISEC Proceedings Archive.

## Sponsors, co-sponsors, promoters, and endorsers

ISEC Society conferences have been supported by a large number of professional organizations.

## Registrations, indexing, archiving

All titles of the Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction carry a DOI number, are registered with Crossref as journal articles, indexed in Scopus, and archived in ClockSS.
# Bumi Hills

Bumi Hills is the name of a group of hills and a luxury safari lodge in Mashonaland West province Zimbabwe. Bumi Hills Safari Lodge is situated on the hilly ground overlooking the southern shore of Lake Kariba. The area is noted for its fantastic wildlife and magnificent views, especially the view out across Lake Kariba from the main Bumi Hills ridge.
Access is by air in bush planes landing at the airstrip which is a short 15min game drive from the lodge.

## Accommodation

Bumi Hills Safari Lodge (reopened by African Bush Camps in January 2018 after a $3M renovation) The lodge features 10 lake view rooms and a private villa. The main area is well known for the infinity pool overlooking the lake. Activities available include game drives, fishing, sunset cruises on the lake and visits to the local community to see the African Bush Camps Foundation projects.
# Schausiania arpiodes

Schausiania arpiodes is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in the Amazon region.
# Simplified user interface

A simplified user interface (SUI) is an illustration of a software interface that reduces irrelevant information to abstract shapes to create a "stylised but instantly recognisable image" that conveys the contextually important details.
Similar in look to wireframes, SUIs have uses in marketing, user onboarding (for instance by Slack and Google Analytics), and technical communication.
As well as improving the speed and clarity of communication, for those creating documentation SUIs offer a degree of future-proofing against incremental changes to the interface, and aid the translation of documents into other languages.
# R&B Divas

R&B Divas may refer to:
   * R&B Divas: Los Angeles, a spin-off
# Autovía M-501

The M-501 is a road in the Spanish region of Madrid. Managed by the Madrid regional government as a primary road in the regional network, it comprises a motorway-grade (autovía) section (from Alcorcón to Navas del Rey) and a two-lane road section (from Navas del Rey to the border with the province of Ávila).

## Names

It is named after the old comarcal road C-501 that connected the cities of Alcorcón (near Madrid) and Plasencia (in Extremadura), which was split in three parts and transferred to the relevant autonomous communities. The several dams and reservoirs in the route of the road made the M-501 stuck to the name of Reservoir Road (Sp. Carretera de los Pantanos).

## Course

Its total length is 72.780 km.
The M-501 begins at the intersection of the M-40 beltway and the M-511 dual carriageway near Pozuelo de Alarcón and Boadilla del Monte. It borders the latter town, intersecting the M-50 beltway and is later joined by the M-506 near Villaviciosa de Odón and the European University of Madrid. It then crosses the future highway M-600 south of Brunete and continues west to Chapinería and Navas del Rey, where the autovía stretch ends at a roundabout. The M-501 continues as two-lane road to with the province of Ávila.
# Gaoxin Development Zone station

Gaoxin Development Zone station (Chinese: 高新开发区站), is a metro station of Line S8 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 1 August 2014.
# Gilbert Affleck

Gilbert Affleck (c. 1684 – 12 November 1764), of Dalham Hall, Suffolk, was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1722 and 1741.
Affleck was the eldest surviving son of John Affleck, of Fort St. George, India, and his wife Nealtie Schape, daughter of Gilbert Schape, merchant of Amsterdam. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 6 February 1702, aged 17. On 3 November 1705, he married Anna Dolben, daughter of John Dolben of Finedon, Northamptonshire and Elizabeth Mulso, at Westminster Abbey, London. He succeeded his father to Dalham Hall in 1718.
Affleck was returned as Tory Member of Parliament (MP) for Cambridge at a by-election on 25 October 1722 on the interest of his cousin, Sir John Hynde Cotton, Bt. He did not stand at the 1727 British general election and was out of parliament for ten years. He decided to stand again for Cambridge at a by election in 1737 with the support of Samuel Shepheard, in opposition to another Tory candidate put forward by Cotton. Cotton had lost favour with the corporation by this time, and Affleck was returned as MP on 10 February 1737. He did not stand at the 1741 general election.
Affleck died on 12 November 1764, aged 79. He and his wife had twelve sons and six daughters. His second and eldest surviving son John sat also in the Parliament of Great Britain, while his tenth son Edmund was a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. His daughter Mary was the mother of William Danby (1752-1833) the writer.
# Ice-marginal lava flow

An ice-marginal lava flow is a lava flow that comes into direct contact with a glacier or the margins of a large ice sheet. As the lava reaches the margins of an ice sheet, the front of the lava flow cools very quickly to form a barrier. Behind this barrier, the lava begins to pool, ceasing the contact between the hot lava and cold ice. The barrier is left behind as the ice retreats, leaving a thick lava front, which is in the form of a large, steep and unstable cliff face.

## Examples
### The Barrier

The Barrier in British Columbia, Canada is a natural lava dam that formed when Mount Price produced a lava flow that travelled down the Rubble Creek valley and met the Cordilleran Ice Sheet about 13,000 years ago. Two lakes behind the lava dam, Garibaldi Lake and Lesser Garibaldi Lake, formed after meltwater pooled behind the lava flow wall. The vertical slabs of lava that make up The Barrier occasionally collapse to form massive rock avalanches that travel down the valley toward local residences. The biggest threat posed by The Barrier is a complete collapse of the lava dam due to volcanic activity or erosion. In the late 1800s, a debris flow from The Barrier created a large boulder field which gave Rubble Creek its name. Conditions are so unstable that the area directly below The Barrier is considered uninhabitable and dangerous to human life.

### Hoodoo Mountain

A second example of ice-marginal lava flows can be found at Hoodoo Mountain, a flat-topped stratovolcano in British Columbia, Canada. The volcano contains 50 to 200 m (160 to 660 ft) high cliffs that formed as a result of lava erupting subglacially in the last 100,000 years. As lava poured down the slope, the lava came into contact with glacial ice that completely surrounded the volcano and cooled very quickly, forming a barrier around the entire volcano. Scientists are able to diagnose these lava cliff formations as a result of ice-marginal lava flows due to specific features such as the glassy texture of the lava and columnar jointing, which are evidence of fairly quick cooling of an erupted lava flow. The lava cooled, pooled and as the glacial ice receded, it left behind massive lava cliffs.

### Mount Ruapehu

Mount Ruapehu, the tallest mountain on the North Island of New Zealand, is a massive stratovolcano that has also produced ice-marginal lava flows. These flows are a keystone in Ruapehu's history and are well exposed in the Wahainoa Lava Formation. They display characteristic columnar jointing and massively thick lava barriers. Scientists have determined through geochronology that between 15,000 and 51,000 years ago, the volcano erupted lava flows that came into contact with the surrounding valley floor glaciers and built up the enormous lava formations we see today. Using the eruption age and the ice-marginal lava flow data, scientists can gather when glaciers dominated Ruapehu, how high an elevation the glaciers reached, which was about 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level, and can use glaciovolcanism as a proxy to reconstruct the paleoclimate of about 41-51 thousand and 15-27 thousand years ago.
# Aymestrey burial

The Aymestrey burial was a beaker cist at Aymestrey, Herefordshire, England. The remains and objects are now in a recreated cist, at Leominster Museum.

## Discovery

While working a gravel quarry at Aymestrey, in June 1987, employees of ARC unearthed a hole with a stone lining, and human remains visible within. They called in archaeologists from Hereford and Worcester County Council, who carried out an excavation and discovered a stone-lined burial pit containing the body of a child, lying on its left-hand side in a foetal position. Alongside the body were an earthenware bell beaker and a flint knife. The burial was dated to the Early Bronze Age.

## Site

The site lies between the Iron Age hill forts at Pyon Wood and Croft Ambrey, and alongside a tributary of the River Lugg. A similar beaker burial site was also discovered in 1987 in Achavanich, Caithness, Scotland.

## Recreation

The burial has been recreated as a display at Leominster Museum (pictured).
# ISES

ISES may refer to:
* International Solar Energy Society
* International Society of Exposure Science
* International Space Environment Service
# Rukkle

Rukkle is a multimedia publication devoted to coverage of popular culture stories from around the world with a focus on television, music, movies and viral videos. The website is divided into three parts: rukkle.com (blog), rukkle.fm (radio station) and rukkle.tv (YouTube video channel). The website was founded in 2010 by Dave Alsybury who lives in Carlow, Ireland. The site was awarded the 'Big Mouth' award at the 2011 Eircom Spiders in November 2011.

## Recurring Blog Features

* 5 Things You Don't Need To Know Today: The blogs daily article highlighting five pop culture stories that are of no importance, but are some of the most topical of the day.
** Viral: Many of the posts on the blog highlight new viral videos. These are highlighted with the hashtag #Viral after the post title.
* The rukkitty : A sporadic article that features the internets most viral commodity, cats.
* What We Learned This Week: An article written and published on Fridays that highlights the five biggest stories of the week.
* The Week In Trending Trailers: An article written and published on Fridays that highlights the weeks top trending trailers on Twitter.

## Internet Radio Station

rukkle.fm is a streaming internet radio station. The station plays Top 40 music from around the world and is peppered with information on the main stories of the day on rukkle.com

## TV Video Channel

rukkle.tv is a video channel operated on the YouTube platform by rukkle. The channel has yet to commence production of videos. According to the blog, these videos will commence in "a few weeks".

## Awards

rukkle was awarded the 'Big Mouth' award at the Eircom Spider Awards in November 2011. The award is presented to the website with the biggest voice online each year and it is voted for by the public.
# Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67

The Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67 (2016 population: 1,064) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 2 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.

## History

The RM of Weyburn No. 67 incorporated as a rural municipality on December 13, 1909.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Cities

* Weyburn

#### Villages

* McTaggart
The following unincorporated communities are located within the RM.

#### Organized hamlets

* North Weyburn

#### Localities

* Grassdale
* Mansur
* Ralph
* Talmage

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Weyburn No. 67 had a population of 1,103 living in 392 of its 427 total private dwellings, a change of 3.7% from its 2016 population of 1,064. With a land area of 808.5 km$^2$ (312.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.4/km$^2$ (3.5/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Weyburn No. 67 recorded a population of 1,064 living in 383 of its 418 total private dwellings, a 1.5% change from its 2011 population of 1,048. With a land area of 808.33 km$^2$ (312.10 sq mi), it had a population density of 1.3/km$^2$ (3.4/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

The RM of Weyburn No. 67 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Wednesday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Norm McFadden while its administrator is Jenna Smolinski. The RM's office is located in Weyburn.

## Transportation

The RM is bisected by both Highway 13, Highway 35 and Highway 39 and is home to the Weyburn Airport.
# Rural Municipality of Wawken No. 93

The Rural Municipality of Wawken No. 93 (2016 population: 571) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 1 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.

## History

The RM of Wawken No. 93 incorporated as a rural municipality on January 1, 1913. Although possessing a sound inventory similar to many Saskatchewan place names of indigenous Algonquian origin, the name Wawken is in fact a portmanteau of Wawota and Kennedy, the RM's two main urban communities.

## Geography
### Communities and localities

The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the RM.

#### Towns

* Wawota

#### Villages

* Kennedy
* Kenosee Lake
The following unincorporated communities are within the RM.

#### Localities

* Dumas
* Vandura

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the RM of Wawken No. 93 had a population of 614 living in 287 of its 554 total private dwellings, a change of 7.5% from its 2016 population of 571. With a land area of 743.5 km$^2$ (287.1 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.8/km$^2$ (2.1/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the RM of Wawken No. 93 recorded a population of 571 living in 250 of its 597 total private dwellings, a 2.1% change from its 2011 population of 559. With a land area of 766.57 km$^2$ (295.97 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.7/km$^2$ (1.9/sq mi) in 2016.

## Economy

Agriculture plays an important role in the RM.

## Attractions

* Moose Mountain Provincial Park
* Kenosee Superslides

## Government

The RM of Wawken No. 93 is governed by an elected municipal council and an appointed administrator that meets on the second Thursday of every month. The reeve of the RM is Dawn Cameron while its administrator is Katelyn Ethier. The RM's office is located in Wawota.
# Ayer Rajah Single Member Constituency

Ayer Rajah Single Member Constituency (SMC) was a single member constituency in Singapore that existed from 1980 to 2006.

## History

Ayer Rajah SMC was made up of Pandan Gardens estate, Teban Gardens estate, parts of Jurong East New Town and Clementi West New Town. In 2006, it was absorbed into the West Coast Group Representation Constituency.

## Member of Parliament

| Election | Member of Parliament | Party |
| 1980 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |
| 1984 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |
| 1988 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |
| 1991 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |
| 1997 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |
| 2001 | Tan Cheng Bock | PAP |

## Elections

Note : Elections Department Singapore do not include rejected votes for calculation of candidate's vote share. Hence, the total of all candidates' vote share will be 100%.

### Elections in 1980s

General Election 1980: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 12,400 | 83.4 |
| | SJP | Suib bin Abdul Rahman | 6,362 | 16.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,930 | 66.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 15,072 | 97.3 |
| | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) | PAP win (new seat) |
General Election 1984: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 14,050 | 75.4 | 8.0 |
| | SJP | Suib bin Abdul Rahman | 4,575 | 24.6 | 8.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,475 | 50.8 | 16.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 19,320 | 96.5 | 0.8 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | 8.0 | |
General Election 1988: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 14,824 | 69.6 | 5.8 |
| | WP | Tan Song Gek | 6,489 | 30.4 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,335 | 39.2 | 11.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,742 | 96.5 | 0.00 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | 5.8 | |

### Elections in 1990s

General Election 1991: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 15,038 | 75.2 | 5.6 |
| | PKMS | Mohammed Aziz bin Ibrahim | 4,971 | 24.8 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,067 | 50.3 | 11.1 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 20,782 | 95.0 | 1.5 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | 5.6 | |
General Election 1997: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 15,081 | 73.2 | 2.0 |
| | SPP | Sin Kek Tong | 5,531 | 26.8 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,550 | 46.4 | 4.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,085 | 95.7 | 0.7 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | 2.0 | |

### Elections in 2000s

General Election 2001: Ayer Rajah :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | PAP | Tan Cheng Bock | 15,024 | 88.0 | 14.8 |
| | DPP | Tan Lead Shake | 2,057 | 12.0 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 12,967 | 76.0 | 29.6 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 17,420 | 94.3 | 1.4 |
| | PAP hold | PAP hold | Swing | 14.8 | |
# Pseudodreata aroa

Pseudodreata aroa is a moth of the Anthelidae family. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1904. It is found in New Guinea.
# Russell Simpson

Russell Simpson may refer to:
* Russell Simpson (actor) (1880–1959), American character actor
* Russell Simpson (tennis) (born 1954), New Zealand tennis player