OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Amata pseudextensa

Amata pseudextensa is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Walter Rothschild in 1910. It is found on Borneo.
# Carenum foveolatum

Carenum foveolatum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae, found in Australia. It was described by William John Macleay in 1888.
# List of Soviet films of the 1950s

A list of films produced in the Soviet Union between 1950 and 1959:

## 1950s

* Soviet films of 1950
* Soviet films of 1951
* Soviet films of 1952
* Soviet films of 1953
* Soviet films of 1954
* Soviet films of 1955
* Soviet films of 1956
* Soviet films of 1957
* Soviet films of 1958
* Soviet films of 1959
# Acyl azide

Acyl azides are carboxylic acid derivatives with the general formula RCON$_3$. These compounds, which are a subclass of organic azides, are generally colorless.

## Preparation

Typically acyl azides are generated under conditions where they rearrange to the isocyanate.
Alkyl or aryl acyl chlorides react with sodium azide to give acyl azides.
The second major route to azides is from the acyl hydrazides with nitrous acid.
Acyl azides have also been synthesized from various carboxylic acids and sodium azide in presence of triphenylphosphine and trichloroacetonitrile catalysts in excellent yields at mild conditions. Another route starts with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes reacting with iodine azide which is formed from sodium azide and iodine monochloride in acetonitrile.

## Uses

On Curtius rearrangement, acyl azides yield isocyanates.
Acyl azides are also formed in Darapsky degradation,

## Historical references

* Curtius, Th. (1890). "Ueber Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure (Azoimid) N$_3$H". Ber. (in German). 23 (2): 3023–3033. doi:10.1002/cber.189002302232.
* Curtius, Th. (1894). "20. Hydrazide und Azide organischer Säuren I. Abhandlung". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 50 (1): 275–294. doi:10.1002/prac.18940500125.
* Darapsky, August (1936). "Darstellung von α-Aminosäuren aus Alkyl-cyanessigsäuren". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 146 (8–12): 250–267. doi:10.1002/prac.19361460806.
* Darapsky, August; Hillers, Dietrich (1915). "Über das Hydrazid der Cyanessigsäure, Isonitrosocyanessigsäure und Nitrocyanessigsäure". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 92 (1): 297–341. doi:10.1002/prac.19150920117.
# Foullon

Foullon is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Abel Foullon (1513–1563 or 1565), French writer and engineer
* Joseph Foullon de Doué (1715–1789), French politician
* Rachel Foullon (born 1978), American artist
* Raúl Foullon (born 1955), Mexican judoka
# Astrothelium xanthosuperbum

Astrothelium xanthosuperbum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Rondônia, Brazil. The species is characterized by its large muriform ascospores and is similar in appearance to Astrothelium disjunctum.

## Taxonomy

Astrothelium xanthosuperbum was described by André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres in 2016. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Sítio Ecológico Buriti on Lago Cujubim (Porto Velho, Rondônia), where it was found growing on tree bark in a disturbed forest.

## Description

The thallus of Astrothelium xanthosuperbum is corticate, smooth, shiny, continuous, and olive-green, covering areas up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. It is less than 0.1 mm thick and surrounded by a dark black prothallus line, about 0.3 mm wide. The lichen induces gall formation on the host bark, making the bark pieces slightly concave and thickened along the cracks so that they are almost flaking off.
Ascomata are spherical, measuring 0.4–0.7 mm in diameter, and are solitary or aggregated in groups of 2–6, immersed in pseudostroma. Pseudostromata are black and raised above the thallus. The wall is black all around, up to about 50 μm thick. Ostioles are apical, flat, dark brown, and often surrounded by a pale brown ring. Asci contain 8 ascospores, which are hyaline, muriform, ellipsoid, and measure 130–160 by 28–35 μm.
In terms of standard chemical spot tests, the thallus surface is UV+ (yellow), and the thallus medulla is K−. Thin-layer chromatography reveals the presence of lichexanthone, a lichen product that causes the thallus to fluoresce when lit with a long-wavelength UV light.

## Habitat and distribution

Astrothelium xanthosuperbum is found on the smooth bark of trees in disturbed rainforests. The species is currently known only from Brazil.
# Premier Passions

Premier Passions was a six-part British documentary TV series, broadcast on BBC One between 24 February and 31 March 1998. It was narrated by actress and Sunderland fan Gina McKee, directed by John Alexander and produced by Stephen Lambert.
It chronicled Sunderland during the 1996–97 season, in which the club was relegated from the Premier League, the year after winning promotion from the Football League Division One.
The programme gave unprecedented insight into the goings-on in and around a Premier League football team, with the 45-minute episodes following a chronological order, beginning in December 1996 with the club sitting comfortably mid-table and mapping the next five months until relegation on the final day of the season. A constant theme was the club's thwarted search to sign a new striker who might have scored the goals to save the team from relegation. The boardroom was also not out of bounds, as the documentary records the club's decision to float on the stock market, as well as meetings and debates regarding the club's move from its Roker Park stadium to a new home, the Stadium of Light.
The most memorable feature of the series was the language used by manager Peter Reid and his assistant Bobby Saxton during team-talks, usually at half-time, which were often full of swearing. The show often brought minor local fame to members of staff at the club, including the groundsman, Tommy Porter. Four lifelong fans comprising a cross section of the local population, from schoolgirl to painter to lab technician to retailer, also gave insight and reaction to results and club decisions.
The series was updated with a one-off sequel, Premier Pressure, which aired on BBC One on 5 August 1999, just two days before the club's first Premier League fixture since being relegated in 1997. This documentary, made with a different production team, and featuring the narration of BBC Sport pundit Mark Lawrenson, detailed the club's close-season preparations for the start of the new football season, after storming Division One with a record points total in the previous campaign, and the difficult adjustments needed to ensure that the club would avoid a repeat relegation of two years earlier. Again, the opinions of a cross-section of local fans were canvassed, and post-promotion transfer activity (something which hindered Sunderland's 1996–97 season) was probed at great length as the signings of Steve Bould, Thomas Helmer and Stefan Schwarz were discussed. The testimonial of midfielder and club stalwart Kevin Ball was also covered. The documentary showed the apparent discomfort of supporters at the lack of transfer ambition and the unrest caused by the closing down of the popular local Vaux Brewery, which had sponsored the club since 1985, and the search for a subsequent sponsorship deal.
# Rogombé

Rogombé is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Romaric Rogombé (born 1990), Gabonese footballer
* Rose Francine Rogombé (1942–2015), Gabonese politician
# Howard Petch

Howard Earle Petch, OBC FRSC (12 May 1925 – 26 November 2018) was a Canadian academic administrator. Petch was the President of the University of Waterloo and the University of Victoria.
He received a Bachelor of Science, honours in physics and chemistry from McMaster University in 1949. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of British Columbia in 1952. He joined the department of physics at McMaster University in 1954. From 1958 to 1961 he was the chairman of the department of metallurgical engineering and was the Director of Research from 1961 to 1963. From 1963 to 1967, he was the Principal of Hamilton College.
In 1967, he became the Vice-President (academic) and a Professor of physics at the University of Waterloo. From 1969 to 1970, he was the President pro tem of the University of Waterloo. In 1975, he became President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Victoria. He also was a Professor of physics. He retired in 1990.
In 1990, he was awarded the Order of British Columbia. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
The Petch building at the University of Victoria, which houses the department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, was named in his honour.
# George Artin

George Artin (born 5 November 1941) is a former Iraqi cyclist. He competed in the individual road race at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# List of Lao people

Below is a list of Lao people (persons from Laos, or of Lao descent).

## Resident Laotians

* Kouprasith Abhay
* Alexandra Bounxouei
* Anouvong
* Boua
* Bounkhong
* Bouasone Bouphavanh
* Laasaenthai Bouvanaat
* General Cheng
* Fa Ngum
* Fay Na
* Huy of Champasak
* Sisavath Keobounphanh
* Kham Nai
* Kham Souk of Champasak
* Kham-Oun I
* Khamphoui
* Khamtum
* Khun Lo
* Ki Daophet Niuhuang
* Lan Kham Deng
* Somsavat Lengsavad
* Manoi
* Meunsai
* Nam Viyaket
* Nang Keo Phimpha
* Nark of Champasak
* No Muong
* Nokasad
* Ong Keo
* Ong Kommandam
* Chamleunesouk Ao Oudomphonh
* Boun Oum
* Oun Kham
* Mam Manivan Phanivong
* Moukdavanyh Santiphone
* Phia Sing
* Bountiem Phissamay
* Phommathat
* Kaysone Phomvihane
* Photisarath
* Souvanna Phouma
* Nouhak Phoumsavanh
* Phetsarath Rattanavongsa
* Ouane Rattikone
* Ratsadanay
* Samsenethai
* Thayavong Savang
* Vong Savang
* Sayakumane
* Choummaly Sayasone
* Siluck Saysanasy
* Setthathirath
* Khamtai Siphandon
* Phoutlamphay Thiamphasone
* Thongloun Sisoulith
* Sompou
* Souphanouvong
* Soutchay Thammasith
* Onchanh Thammavong
* Mangkra Souvannaphouma
* Souvannarath
* Savang Vatthana
* Douangdeuane Viravongs
* Visunarat
* Phoumi Vongvichit
* Vilayphone Vongphachanh
* Bounnhang Vorachith
* Zakarine

## Non-Resident Laotians

* TC Huo
* Jujubee
* Malichansouk Kouanchao
* Khan Malaythong
* Thavisouk Phrasavath
* Konerak Sinthasomphone victim of Jeffrey Dahmer
* Shaun Johnson
* Bryan Thao Worra
* Saymoukda Vongsay
* Ananda Everingham
* Bunleua Sulilat
* Kamwaen
* Siluck Saysanasy
* Anne Keothavong
* Vong Phaophanit
* Hannah Rosenbloom
# List of Laois senior hurling team captains

This article lists players who have recently captained the Laois county hurling team in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.

## List of captains

| Year | Player | Club |
| 2006 | Patrick Mullaney | Castletown |
| 2007 | Joe FitzPatrick | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2008 | Niall Holmes | Camross |
| 2009 | Brian Campion | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2010 | Brian Campion | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2011 | Brian Campion | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2012 | Willie Hyland | Clough-Ballacolla |
| 2013 | Matthew Whelan | Borris-in-Ossory |
| 2014 | Matthew Whelan | Borris-in-Ossory |
| 2015 | Joe FitzPatrick | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2016 | Charles Dwyer | Ballinakill |
| 2017 | Ross King | Rathdowney-Errill |
| 2018 | | |
| 2019 | Paddy Purcell | Rathdowney-Errill |
# 2012 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres

The men's 800 metres at the 2012 African Championships in Athletics was held at the Stade Charles de Gaulle on 28 and 29 June.

## Medalists

| Gold | Taoufik Makhloufi Algeria |
| Silver | Anthony Chemut Kenya |
| Bronze | André Oliver South Africa |

## Records

Standing records prior to the 2012 African Championships in Athletics :
| World record | David Rudisha (KEN) | 1:41.01 | Rieti, Italy | 29 August 2010 |
| African record | David Rudisha (KEN) | 1:41.01 | Rieti, Italy | 29 August 2010 |
| Championship record | David Rudisha (KEN) | 1:42.84 | Nairobi, Kenya | 30 July 2010 |

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Round |
| 28 June 2012 | 15:30 | Round 1 |
| 29 June 2012 | 16:30 | Final |

## Results
### Round 1

First 2 in each heat (Q) and 2 best performers (q) advance to the Final.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Note |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | Taoufik Makhloufi | Algeria | 1:46.15 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | André Oliver | South Africa | 1:46.63 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 6 | Anthony Chemut | Kenya | 1:46.78 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 2 | Shiferaw Wola | Ethiopia | 1:47.27 | q |
| 5 | 2 | 4 | Isaac Seokle | Botswana | 1:47.90 | q |
| 6 | 3 | 7 | Cornelious Kiplagat | Kenya | 1:47.92 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 2 | Julius Mutekanga | Uganda | 1:48.66 | |
| 8 | 1 | 1 | Moussa Camara | Mali | 1:48.71 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | 8 | Mamush Lencha | Ethiopia | 1:48.98 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | 3 | Severin Sahinkuye | Burundi | 1:49.13 | |
| 11 | 3 | 8 | Esrael Awoke | Ethiopia | 1:49.18 | |
| 12 | 1 | 6 | Lumax Selasi | Ghana | 1:49.29 | |
| 13 | 1 | 5 | Rynhardt van Rensburg | South Africa | 1:50.12 | |
| 14 | 2 | 5 | Mor Seck | Senegal | 1:50.17 | |
| 15 | 3 | 1 | Daniel Nghipandula | Namibia | 1:50.85 | |
| 16 | 2 | 8 | Tarek Eshebli | Libya | 1:51.86 | |
| 17 | 3 | 6i | Omar Jammeh | Gambia | 1:52.96 | |
| 18 | 2 | 3 | Mahazou Alassane | Benin | 1:52.98 | |
| 19 | 3 | 3 | Jacouba Boubacar Soumana | Niger | 1:54.42 | |
| 20 | 1 | 4 | Ali Ahmed Mohamed | Djibouti | 1:54.85 | |
| 21 | 3 | 5 | Ramadhan Hamed | Libya | 1:55.16 | Q |
| 22 | 3 | 6e | Benjamín Enzema | Equatorial Guinea | 1:56.23 | NR |
| 23 | 1 | 2 | Mathieu Kiplagat Sawe | Kenya | 1:56.29 | |
| | 1 | 7 | Nigel Amos | Botswana | DNS | |
| | 2 | 7 | Abdelkerim Mohammed | Eritrea | DNS | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 3 | Taoufik Makhloufi | Algeria | 1:43.88 |
| | 4 | Anthony Chemut | Kenya | 1:44.53 |
| | 5 | André Oliver | South Africa | 1:45.09 |
| 4 | 6 | Cornelious Kiplagat | Kenya | 1:47.83 |
| 5 | 1 | Shiferaw Wola | Ethiopia | 1:48.26 |
| 6 | 7 | Isaac Seokle | Botswana | 1:48.39 |
| 7 | 2 | Mamush Lencha Shirko | Ethiopia | 1:48.98 |
| 8 | 8 | Moussa Camara | Mali | 1:49.12 |
# George Griffiths (British politician)

George Arthur Griffiths (7 May 1880 – 15 December 1945) was a British Labour Party politician.
He was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hemsworth at a by-election in 1934 following the death of the sitting MP Gabriel Price of South Elmsall. Mr Absalom Flavell, of South Kirkby, had been recommended by a number of affiliated bodies for selection as prospective Labour candidate, but he voluntarily withdrew in favour of Mr Griffiths, who had a stronger backing, having been secretary and organiser of the Hemsworth Divisional Labour Party since 1917 when the constituency was created.. Griffiths held the seat at the next two general elections, and died in office in 1945.
He was born in North Wales and started work in a coal mine when 13 years of age and was to move to Royston in 1903 where he was employed at the Monckton Colliery to progress to checkweighman. He became delegate for the Monckton Colliery branch to the Yorkshire Miners' Association in 1911 and was also a representative of the Barnsley area on the Miners' Welfare Committee. He also had a long record of public service as a member of the Royston Urban District and Council, being chairman several times. He was also a member of the West Riding County Council and served on the Public Health committee, Highways committee, Law and Parliamentary committee, Public Assistance Committee and the West Riding Rivers Board.
# George Griffiths

George Griffiths may refer to:
* George Griffiths (British politician) (1880–1945)
* George Griffiths (Australian politician) (1840–1905)
* George Griffiths (cricketer) (born 1938), Australian cricketer
* George Griffiths (footballer, born 1865) (1865–1918), Welsh footballer
* George Griffiths (footballer, born 1924) (1924–2004), English footballer
* George Griffiths (historian) (1933–2014), New Zealand historian and journalist
* George Richard Griffiths (1802–1859), merchant and banker in the then Colony of New South Wales
# Powys (disambiguation)

Powys is a county in Wales.
Powys may also refer to:
* Kingdom of Powys, a medieval kingdom in what is now Wales and England
* Powys (surname)
* Powys Thomas (1925–1977), British-born actor
# House of Meetings

House of Meetings, by Martin Amis, is a 2006 novel about two brothers who share a common love interest while living in a Soviet gulag during the last decade of Stalin's rule. This novel was written by Amis during a two-year-long self-imposed exile in Uruguay following the release and tepid reception afforded to his 2003 novel Yellow Dog. The writing of House of Meetings "precipitated (another) creative crisis" for Amis, which Amis reflected upon in 2010:
   "You see those Posy Simmonds cartoons of people by the pool having cocktails and saying into the Dictaphone, 'On the second day, the last child died,'" he says. "And I was in Uruguay, with my beautiful wife and beautiful daughters, living a completely stressless life. So I had to do my suffering on the page and, Christ, did I do it. I was very nervous about that book."

## Plot summary

The novel centers on the modern-day (2004) recollections of the unnamed narrator/protagonist of his time spent in an Arctic gulag and the years that followed. The recollections are presented in the form of a memoir sent to the narrator's American stepdaughter, Venus. One of the primary plot elements is the complex relationship between the protagonist and his younger half-brother, Lev, who later joins him in the camp. Through many difficult revelations and trials, they eventually survive the harsh conditions of the camp and then must face a further challenge: re–acclimatizing to everyday life.

## Literary significance and criticism

The novel's release was greeted with generally positive reviews; see, e.g., The Economist's October review. In Literary Review, Sam Leith wrote: “Amis mistakes the nature of his own talent. His Dickensian comic mode is his strongest suit – gravitas or moral clairvoyancy his shortest. But Amis still fails more interestingly than most of his peers succeed.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ House of Meetings Archived 2011-05-26 at the Wayback Machine at Fantastic Fiction
* 1 2 Martin Amis and the sex war, Times Online, January 24, 2010
* ↑ "Comeback man". economist.com. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2007.
* ↑ "Sam Leith - A Wintry Tale". Literary Review. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
# 2013 LA2

2013 LA$_2$ is a centaur and damocloid on a cometary-like and retrograde orbit from the outer Solar System, suggesting that it is an extinct comet. It was first observed on 1 June 2013 by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. The object measures approximately 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) in diameter. It holds the record for having the highest orbital inclination of any known minor planet.

## Orbit and classification

2013 LA$_2$ orbits the Sun at a distance of 3.0–12.0 AU once every 20 years and 7 months (7,519 days; semi-major axis of 7.51 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.59 and an inclination of 175° with respect to the ecliptic.
It has the highest orbital inclination of any known minor planet which gives it a retrograde orbit. The objects's orbit takes it from the outer region of the asteroid belt to between the orbit of Saturn (9.5 AU) and Uranus (19.2 AU). The body's short observation arc of less than a month begins with its first observation on 1 June 2013. It has not since been observed.

## Physical characteristics

Johnston's archive assumes an albedo 0.09 and calculates a diameter of 1.8 kilometers.
# George Barrington (disambiguation)

George Barrington (1755–1804) was an Irish pickpocket and later a policeman.
George Barrington may also refer to:
* George Barrington (cricketer) (1857–1942), English cricketer
* George Barrington (Royal Navy officer) (1794–1835), British naval officer and Whig politician
* George Barrington, 5th Viscount Barrington (1761–1829), British minister and aristocrat
* George Barrington, 7th Viscount Barrington (1824–1886), British Conservative politician
# George Barrow

George Barrow may refer to:
* George Barrow (geologist) (1853–1932), British geologist
* Sir George Barrow, 2nd Baronet (1806–1876), English civil servant
* George Barrow (Indian Army officer) (1864–1959), British general
* George Barrow (musician) (1921–2013), American jazz saxophonist
* George Lennox Barrow (1921–1989), Irish historian and colonial administrator
* George L. Barrow (1851–1925), Australian journalist
# Arturo de la Rosa Escalante

Arturo de la Rosa Escalante (born 4 May 1971) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PAN. He currently serves as Deputy of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Baja California Sur. He subsequently served as municipal president of Los Cabos. He is the son of Jerónimo de la Rosa Gómez.
A native of Ciudad Constitución, de la Rosa attended secondary school in La Paz and a preparatoria in Toluca before earning his law degree from the Universidad Internacional de La Paz.
# Arturo de Marcoartu

Arturo de Marcoartu (Bilbao, 1829 – San Sebastián, 1904),$^{:250}$ XII Lord of the House of Marcoartu, was a noble Spanish pacifist, engineer and senator.$^{:49}$ He was the first Spanish nominee for a Nobel Prize (the Nobel Peace Prize), and the only Spaniard in the late 19th-century peace movement.$^{:50}$

## History

His most notable work, and the beginning of his actions in the peace movement, was a 1876 book named Internationalism.$^{:49}$ In 1878, he travelled to half-a-dozen Central European capitals to argue for organised peace.$^{:49}$
De Marcoartu was a follower of Richard Cobden's free trade beliefs, attending meetings of the Cobden Club in London. In 1889, de Marcoartu sponsored an essay competition on the "burdens of production" caused by the high taxation of militarism, with a winning prize of £150. Accepting Spanish, French, and English entries, the judges for the French submissions were Léon Say, Frédéric Passy, and Jules Simon. As the head of the Spanish Engineering Corps, he was involved in transferring Latin American concessions to the United States.

## Selected works

* Internationalism. Stevens and Sons. 1876.
# Pratochloa

Pratochloa is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. The only species is Pratochloa walteri. It is a perennial grass native range is Namibia.
# Ashy starling

The ashy starling (Lamprotornis unicolor) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. It is alternatively placed in the genus Cosmopsarus or Spreo.