OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Reginald Hardie Boys

Reginald Hardie Boys QC (8 June 1903 – 6 December 1970) was a New Zealand lawyer and judge. He was appointed Queen's Counsel and a judge of the Supreme Court (now High Court) in 1958.

## Early life and family

Hardie Boys was born in Otautau on 8 June 1903, the son of Frederick William Boys, a Primitive Methodist clergyman, and Hannah Jane Boys (née Hardie). His surname at birth was Boys, but he later used his middle name (his mother's maiden name) as part of his surname, sometimes written Hardie-Boys. He was educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School.
On 2 October 1929, Hardie Boys married Edith May Bennett at St Paul's Methodist Church in Palmerston North, and the couple went on to have two sons, including Michael Hardie Boys.

## Career

Hardie Boys became a barrister and solicitor in 1924, practising in Wellington. Over the following 33 years, he worked either on his own account, or as a senior partner in his own law firm conducted under various firm names including: Hardie Boys and Fortune; Hardie Boys, Haldane, and Fortune; Hardie Boys and Haldane; and Scott, Hardie Boys and Morrison. The majority of his legal practice was in the courts, particularly in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal in later years. In 1948, he was counsel for the Crown before the parliamentary inquiry into the film industry, and in 1954 he was appointed counsel to assist the board of inquiry that investigated the Tangiwai railway disaster.
On 4 March 1958, Hardie Boys was appointed Queen's Counsel, and in July that year he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court, to be based in Auckland. In October 1968, he was appointed an additional judge for the Court of Appeal.
Hardie Boys served the legal profession as a council member of both the Wellington District Law Society and the New Zealand Law Society, and was president of the Wellington District Law Society in 1954.

## Military service

During the later years of World War II, Hardie Boys served in the Pacific as part of N Force, having been commissioned as a second lieutenant (temporary) in the Wellington Regiment (City of Wellington's Own) on 3 April 1942.
Hardie Boys later served as president of the Wellington branch of the Returned Services' Association (RSA), and was also a member of the national executive committee of the RSA.

## Death and legacy

Hardie Boys died in Auckland on 6 December 1970, at the age of 67. His obituary in The Press newspaper described him as "one of New Zealand's foremost legal figures". His wife, Edith May Hardie Boys, died in 1985. Their son, Michael, became a judge of the High Court in 1980, a judge of the Court of Appeal and privy counsellor in 1989, and served as New Zealand's 17th governor-general, from 1996 to 2001.
# Heinzen

Heinzen may refer to:

## People

* Aaron Heinzen (born 1979), American soccer player.
* Karl Heinzen (1809-1880), German-American author.
* Raymond F. Heinzen, American politician.
# Rengel

Rengel is a surname of Swiss German or Spanish origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* Juan Jacinto Muñoz Rengel (born 1974), Spanish writer
* Peter Rengel (born 1987), Slovak footballer
* Soleidys Rengel (born 1993), Venezuelan footballer
# Cervico-thoracic ratio

The cervico-thoracic ratio (CTR) is a method developed by Norlander et al. for measuring segmental mobility in the spine between the C7 vertebra and the T5 vertebra in flexion. The method has been developed to fulfil clinical demands of quick examinations. With this method, the observer can see if there is an increased respectively decreased mobility in a specific motion segment. The CTR technique measures both segmental and total skin distractions. It compares the degree of segmental flexion mobility by establishing a ratio between segmental and total skin distraction. First the skin distraction in cm is measured using a special transparent measuring strip and a pen, the absolute mobility. Then absolute values are calculated in a computer program, CTR graph 5.2. Relative values are shown in percent. Each person has totally 100% mobility in the area C7-T5. The relative values show how many percent of the total mobility that is related to in each motion segment. After each measure, a curve called the CTR profile is calculated.
Norlander has created a classification system for relative segmental flexion mobility between C7-T5. Three classes of flexion mobility were defined ordinary, hypo- and hypermobility. Ordinary mobility was based on relative flexion mobility between the lower and the upper quartile for each motion segment between C7-T5. Hypomobility was based on relative flexion mobility below the lower quartile for each motion segment, between C7-T5. Hypermobility was based on the upper quartile for each motion segment, between C7-T5. From this classification a normal curve for the relative segmental flexion mobility has been calculated. CTR have high intratester repeatability with a coefficient of variation (CV) not exceeding 5% and a good intertester repeatability with a CV not exceeding 8%. The CTR technique show a high correlation between vertebral flexion mobility and skin distraction. The validity of the CTR technique was evaluated in a radiological study. Six small metal markings were glued to the skin with 30 mm intervals according to the CTR technique. The markers were glued with the subject in an upright posture and the upper marking placed over the most prominent part of the spinous process of the C7. Lateral radiographs were used to obtain overlay measurements of the alteration of the vertebral angles and of skin markers. The CTR is a valid technique. No other research has been made for validity and reliability. Previous studies with CTR have examined the relationship between segmental mobility C7-T5 and neck- shoulder pain. A significant correlation was found between decreased mobility in motion segment C7-T1 and T1-T2 and increased risk for neck- shoulder pain. Norlander and Nordgren have also shown that several clinical symptoms show relationship to segmental mobility examined with CTR. A significant correlation was found between decreased mobility in C7-T2 and experience of hand weakness and headache.
# HardwareX

HardwareX is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal dedicated to open source hardware for scientific experimental equipment. The journal publishes science hardware shared under an open source hardware license. Published articles include science hardware over a broad range of scientific disciplines, from life science and engineering research, to ecological and environmental monitoring, to digital manufacturing (e.g. 3D printing), to educational tools.
Together with the competing journal Journal of Open Hardware, it has popularized the ideas of open-source hardware and open science, and helped to define general standards for acceptable quality of design documentation. Its standards are similar to but different from those of JOH, and rivalry between the two journals helps to evolve and maintain these standards. Compared to JOH's focus on general engineering systems, HardwareX tends to have more focus specifically on scientific equipment for academic science labs.
# Bamasgou

Bamasgou is a town in the Coalla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,667.

## Geography

Bamasgou, an agro-pastoral locality scattered in several residential centres, is about 11 km north of Coalla.

## Health and education

The nearest health center in Bamasgou is the Bonsiega health and social promotion center (HSPC).
# Almudena (given name)

Almudena is a feminine Spanish given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Almudena Bernabeu, Spanish lawyer
* Almudena Cid Tostado (born 1980), Spanish rhythmic gymnast
* Almudena Fernández (born 1974), Spanish model
* Almudena Gallardo (born 1979), Spanish archer
* Almudena Gracia Manzano (born 1971), Spanish actress, singer, and TV presenter
* Almudena Grandes (born 1960), Spanish writer
* Almudena Muñoz (born 1968), Spanish judoka
* Almudena Suarez, Spanish engineer
# Coomanum

Coomanum singulare is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Coomanum. It was described by Pic in 1927.
# Reginald Hart

General Sir Reginald Clare Hart, VC, GCB, KCVO (11 June 1848 – 18 October 1931), was an Irish British Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life and career

Hart was born at Scarriff, County Clare, son of Henry George Hart and educated at Cheltenham College. He was commissioned in the Royal Engineers.

## Details on VC

He was 30 years old, and a lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers, British Army during the Second Anglo-Afghan War when the following deed took place on 31 January 1879 in the Bazar Valley, Afghanistan, for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross:
   For his gallant conduct in risking his own life in endeavouring to save the life of a private soldier. The Lieutenant-General commanding the 2nd Division Peshawar Field Force, reports that when on convoy duty with that Force on 31st January, 1879, Lieutenant Hart, of the Royal Engineers, took the initiative in running some 1,200 yards to the rescue of a wounded Sowar of the 13th Bengal Lancers in a river bed exposed to the fire of the enemy, of unknown strength, from both flanks, and also from a party in the river bed. Lieutenant Hart reached the wounded Sowar, drove off the enemy, and brought him under cover with the aid of some soldiers who accompanied him on the way.

## Later career

Hart was appointed a district commander in Belgaum, Madras Command, on 2 March 1896. Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in South Africa, he was on 5 October 1899 appointed temporary in command of the Quetta district (whose commander was sent to South Africa). He stayed there for three years until November 1902, when he was placed on half-pay and ordered back to England. On his return, he was appointed General Officer Commanding Thames District, where he took command on 8 December 1902, with the promotion to major-general on the following day. He was concurrently Commandant of the School of Military Engineering. Promoted to general, he served as Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey from 1914 to 1918. He died at Bournemouth, Dorset on 18 October 1931.
Sir Reginald Clare Hart is buried in St Marys Churchyard, Netherbury, Dorset, England.
# Shoji Sadao

Shoji Sadao (貞尾 昭二, January 1927 – November 3, 2019) was a Japanese American architect, best known for his work and collaborations with R. Buckminster Fuller and Isamu Noguchi. During World War II he was stationed in Germany and was a cartographer for the U.S. Army.

## Early years

Sadao was born in Los Angeles, California. During World War II, he and most of his family were sent to the Gila River War Relocation Center in Arizona following the enforcement of Executive Order 9066. In 1945, Sadao was drafted into the US Army and served for four years.

## Professional life

Buckminster Fuller was Sadao’s instructor while studying architecture at Cornell University, where they first met in the early 1950s. In 1954, Sadao spent the year using his expertise as a cartographer to hand draw the Dymaxion Airocean World Map, which was his first collaboration with Fuller. The first edition of the map "the Raleigh edition" was printed by Edwards and Broughton and was issued in an edition of 3,000 copies in the summer of 1954. In 1964 Sadao co-founded the architectural firm Fuller & Sadao Inc., whose first project was to design the large geodesic dome for the U.S. Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal. In 1968 Fuller and Sadao designed Tetrahedron City, for Matsutaro Shoriki, a Japanese financier. The complex was designed to accommodate one million citizens in 300,000 apartment units and included a huge interior harbor. Tetrahedron City was conceived as an efficient and sustainable living-space alternative. Its massive size and low-cost was made possible by an aluminum octet truss system. By floating on the sea, it didn’t take up any space on land.
While working with lighting designer Edison Price in 1959, Sadao assisted Noguchi with the production of his folded aluminum sculpture at the Stable Gallery. Sadao began working with Noguchi on gardens and landscape projects in the 1960s, and in 1971 formed Noguchi Fountain and Plaza Inc., to design the Philip A. Hart Plaza and the Horace E. Dodge and Son Memorial Fountain in Detroit. Sadao also worked closely with Noguchi on the production of the well-known Akari Light Sculpture. In 1981 Sadao and Noguchi began work on the design and construction of the Isamu Noguchi Garden Museum, now known as the Noguchi Museum in Long Island City, New York, with both Fuller and Noguchi, the scope of Sadao's work has yet to be fully acknowledged, perhaps due to what he himself has described as his “self-effacing” quality as a collaborator.

## Later years

Sadao served as the Executive Director of the Noguchi Museum from 1989 to 2003. He has since been recognized as a lifetime honorary trustee at the museum. He was the author of the book Buckminster Fuller and Isamu Noguchi: Best of Friends, a biography which details overlapping work and influence among Fuller, Noguchi, and Sadao.
Sadao died in Tokyo on November 3, 2019.
# Scaitcliffe

Scaitcliffe was a prep school for boys aged 6–13 in Egham, Surrey. Founded in 1896, it was both a boarding and day school. After merging with Virginia Water Prep School in 1996, the school is now co-educational and known as Bishopsgate School. The school is located in a small village near Egham called Englefield Green.

## History
### First school

The first Scaitcliffe school was founded by Charles Croslegh in 1881 and was named after his family home in Lancashire. It was run as a preparatory school for the Royal Indian Engineering College at Cooper's Hill, later Brunel University. Croslegh was responsible for building the Big Room and commissioned Henry Woodyer to design the chapel in 1886.

### Second school

In 1896, Croslegh sold the lease to Philip Morton and Ronald Vickers, who established a preparatory school. In 1903, Vickers became the sole owner and oversaw the extension of many buildings and the construction of the sanatorium and squash courts. The number of pupils had reached 40 in the 1920s and 72 by 1979.
Following several decades under the control of the Vickers family, in 1990 the ownership of the school was placed in the hands of a charitable trust.
The school was used as a location for A very open prison, an episode of the BBC series Screen Two, broadcast in March 1995.

## Former pupils

* Bim Afolami, MP
* Marcus Armytage, journalist and former jockey
* Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Group
* Damian Elwes, artist
* Cary Elwes, actor
* James Fisher, naturalist
* Geordie Greig, newspaper editor
* Michael Holroyd, biographer, who describes it in his 1999 book Basil Street Blues.
* Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, the former chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain
* James Reed CBE (born April 1963), chairman and chief executive of the Reed group of companies
* Jonathan Riley-Smith, historian
* William Rous, army officer
* Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner, socialite
* Pen Tennyson, film director
* Abhisit Vejjajiva, leader of the opposition Democrat Party in Thailand
* Peter Wilkinson, diplomat
# Biljana Rubaković

Biljana Rubaković (Serbian Cyrillic: Биљана Рубаковић; born 1960) is a Serbian politician. She briefly served in the National Assembly of Serbia in 2016 as a member of the right-wing Dveri party.

## Private career

Rubaković is a professor from Čačak.

## Politician
### Parliamentarian

Rubaković received the thirty-sixth position on Dveri's electoral list in the 2014 Serbian parliamentary election. During the campaign, she and other female Dveri candidates offered a view of women's rights based around traditional gender roles. The list did not cross the electoral threshold to win representation in the assembly.
She received the fifth position on a combined Dveri–Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) list in the 2016 parliamentary election and was elected when the list won thirteen mandates. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) and its allies won a majority victory, and Dveri served in opposition.
Rubaković's departure from the national assembly was abrupt. On 21 June 2016, Dveri announced that Rubaković would serve as a member of the assembly's health and family committee and the committee for spatial planning, transport, infrastructure, and telecommunications. The following day, however, she resigned her mandate.

### City politics in Čačak

Rubaković appeared in the sixth position on Dveri's list for the Čačak city assembly in the 2012 Serbian local elections and was elected when the list won thirteen out of seventy-five mandates. She was promoted to the third position for the 2016 local elections and was re-elected when the list won twenty-one seats, finishing second against the Progressive Party. In 2017, she and other Dveri representatives were cited for disorderly behaviour in the assembly.
Dveri boycotted the 2020 elections at both the republic and local levels, and she was not a candidate in the 2020 local elections.

### After 2020

Dveri contested the 2022 Serbian parliamentary election in an alliance with Žika Gojković's branch of the Movement for the Restoration of the Kingdom of Serbia (POKS). Rubaković received the thirty-fifth position on their combined list and was not re-elected when the list won ten mandates.
She is currently seeking re-election to the Čačak city assembly as the fourth candidate on Dveri's list in the 2024 Serbian local elections.
# Karena

Karena is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Karena Chapman, Australian chemist
* Karena Evans (born 1995), Canadian music video director and actress
* Karena Johnson, British theatrical director and producer
* Karena Lam (born 1978), Taiwanese-Canadian, actress and singer
* Karena Ng (born 1993), Hong Kong actress and model.
* Karena Richardson (born 1959), British figure skater
* Karena Wihongi (born 1979), New Zealand rugby union footballer
# 2019 Shymkent Challenger II

The 2019 Shymkent Challenger II was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Shymkent, Kazakhstan between 10 and 16 June 2019.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| TUN | Malek Jaziri | 92 | 1 |
| ITA | Stefano Travaglia | 119 | 2 |
| SVK | Andrej Martin | 154 | 3 |
| ITA | Lorenzo Giustino | 159 | 4 |
| GER | Yannick Hanfmann | 180 | 5 |
| AUS | Marc Polmans | 185 | 6 |
| KAZ | Aleksandr Nedovyesov | 189 | 7 |
| SRB | Peđa Krstin | 206 | 8 |
| RUS | Evgeny Karlovskiy | 214 | 9 |
| AUS | Akira Santillan | 228 | 10 |
| ARG | Federico Coria | 234 | 11 |
| CAN | Steven Diez | 240 | 12 |
| JPN | Kaichi Uchida | 241 | 13 |
| POR | Gonçalo Oliveira | 254 | 14 |
| ESP | Daniel Gimeno Traver | 258 | 15 |
| AUS | Max Purcell | 259 | 16 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 27 May 2019.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Sergey Fomin
* Andrey Golubev
* Ergi Kırkın
* Timofei Skatov
* Dostanbek Tashbulatov
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Gonzalo Escobar
* Vladyslav Manafov
* Ante Pavić
* Wu Di
The following players received entry into the singles main draw using their ITF World Tennis Ranking:
* Riccardo Bonadio
* Baptiste Crepatte
* Sanjar Fayziev
* Konstantin Kravchuk
* Skander Mansouri
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Sebastian Korda
* Alejandro Tabilo
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Alexandar Lazarov
* Grigoriy Lomakin

## Champions
### Singles

* Andrej Martin def. Stefano Travaglia 6–4, 6–4.

### Doubles

* Nikola Čačić / Yang Tsung-hua def. André Göransson / Marc-Andrea Hüsler 6–4, 6–4.
# Santiago Mexquititlán raid

In March 2006, six plainclothes agents of Mexico's Federal Investigations Agency (AFI) raided a market in Santiago Mexquititlán, Querétaro, in search of unauthorized copies of copyrighted works. The agents later alleged that they were held hostage by vendors during the raid. Three women were convicted of the alleged kidnapping. In September 2009, Jacinta Francisco Marcial and in April 2010 Alberta Alcántara and Teresa González, were released from prison after the charges against them were dropped.

## Allegations of kidnapping

During the raid, the six AFI agents were cornered by a number of unarmed vendors in protest. The agents later claimed that the vendors demanded a ransom to let them go. Local witnesses to the incident denied any ransom demand was made.

## Jacinta Francisco Marcial

Jacinta Francisco Marcial, an indigenous Otomí woman, sold ice cream in Santiago Mexquititlán's predominantly indigenous tianguis.
The six AFI agents who conducted the raid implicated Francisco Marcial after they were shown a newspaper photograph depicting her walking near a group of protesting vendors. In August 2006, four months after the raid, she was arrested for the alleged kidnapping. She was later convicted and sentenced to twenty-one years' imprisonment.
Amnesty International denounced Francisco Marcial's imprisonment as resulting from a wrongful prosecution. The group declared her a prisoner of conscience, claiming there was no credible evidence against her, and that she had been prosecuted because of her gender, poverty, race, and inability to speak or understand the Spanish language.
In 2009, prosecutors dropped the case against Francisco Marcial. In September 2009, she was released. In April 2010 the Mexican Supreme Court unanimously agreed to reverse the convictions of the two other women convicted of the same charges, Alberta Alcántara and Teresa González, and they were released from prison.
# Almu

Almu is a town in western Ethiopia, the largest of three towns located in the Pawe Special Woreda of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.

## Demographics

Based on data from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), in 2005 this town had an estimated total population of 3,419 of whom 1,702 were males and 1,717 were females.
The 1994 national census reported its total population was 1,987 of whom 985 were males and 1,002 were females. The five largest ethnic groups reported in Almu were: the Amhara 1457 (73.3%), the Awi a subgroup of the Agew 258 (13%), Tigrinyan 111 (5.6%), the Oromo 65 (3.3%), and the Hadiya 28 (1.4%). Amharic was the first language of 1529 inhabitants (77%), Awngi 216 (11%), Tigrinyan 107 (5.3%), Oromo 60 (3%), and Hadiya 29 (1.5%). The majority practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 1800 of the inhabitants reporting they embraced that belief, 135 were Muslim, and 49 were Protestant. The CSA categorized 1,192 of the inhabitants as being part of the labor pool (133 of whom were unemployed), and 449 as not part of it.
Details about the housing in Almu are as follows. Of the 598 housing units in the town, 481 were permanent and 105 improvised (defined by the CSA as a "makeshift shelter or structure built of waste materials") with an average of 3.2 persons per house; 476 sheltered one household, 104 seven sheltered two and 18 three or more households. Concerning water supply and sanitation, residents of 117 units had running water obtained water from a protected well and 457 obtained it from a shared external tap; 94 had no toilet while 133 had a private flush toilet and 332 used a shared flush toilet. For bathing, 102 reported they had no bathing facilities in their house, 4 had a private bath tub, 125 had a private shower and 363 used shared shower facilities. Lighting for 547 units was by electricity while the lighting in 43 units was furnished by kerosene lanterns. The average rent for housing in Almu was reported to be 22.54 Birr a month, more than the average reported for the Region of 14.78 Birr but less than the average reported for the Zone of 36.19 Birr.