OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lists of Western films

This is a list of notable Western films and TV series, ordered by year and decade of release. For a long-running TV series, the year is its first in production.
The movie industry began with the work of Louis Le Prince in 1888. Until 1903, films had been one-reelers, usually lasting 10 to 12 minutes, reflecting the amount of film that could be wound onto a standard reel for projection, hence the term. Edwin S. Porter was a former projectionist and exhibitor who had taken charge of motion-picture production at Thomas Edison's company in 1901. He fully realised the potential of motion pictures as an entertainment medium and began making longer films that told a story. As with the films of Georges Méliès, these required multiple shots that could be edited into a narrative sequence.
The most famous work of early movies, The Great Train Robbery is credited with establishing the movies as a commercial entertainment medium. It was notable for rapid shifts of location, including action on a moving train. Although there had previously been short films that referenced the Wild West or paid homage to it, The Great Train Robbery marked the birth of the genre.
Many movies and television programs and series were filmed at movie ranches, primarily in Southern California, often within the 35-mile limit to avoid union travel stipends. Some were owned by the studios, but others were independent.
In the 1960s, Spaghetti Westerns grew in popularity. These films were produced by Italians and Spaniards and shot in their countries with big American stars like Clint Eastwood or Henry Fonda. Films such as those of Sergio Leone's Dollars Trilogy spawned numerous films of the same ilk and often similar titles, particularly from the mid- to late-1960s and early 1970s.

## Period lists

* List of Western films before 1920
* List of Western films of the 1920s
* List of Western films of the 1930s
* List of Western films of the 1940s
* List of Western films 1950–1954
* List of Western films 1955–1959
* List of Western films of the 1960s
* List of Western films of the 1970s
* List of Western films of the 1980s
* List of Western films of the 1990s
* List of Western films of the 2000s
* List of Western films of the 2010s
* List of Western films of the 2020s
# Shangqing

Shangqing may refer to:
* Shangqing (deity), a Taoist god
* Shangqing School, Daoist movement
* Shangqing Bridge, overpass in Beijing
* Shangqing, Jiangxi (上清), a town in Guixi, Jiangxi, China
* Shangqing Township, Anxi County (尚卿乡), a township in Anxi County, Fujian, China
* Shangqing Township, Taining County (上青乡), a township in Taining County, Fujian, China
# Aname pulchella

Aname pulchella is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2022 by Mark Harvey, Jeremy Wilson and Michael Rix.

## Distribution and habitat

The species occurs in south-east Western Australia in the Hampton and Nullarbor bioregions. The type locality is the Madura caravan park.
# Macrostomus occidentalis

Macrostomus occidentalis is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# TIB

TIB (or Tib or TiB) may refer to:

## Computing

* Tebibit (Tib), a unit of information used to quantify computer memory or storage capacity
* Tebibyte (TiB), a unit of information used to quantify computer memory or storage capacity
* TIB (file format), a file format used by Acronis True Image software
* Win32 Thread Information Block, in Microsoft Windows programming

## Companies and organizations

* nl:Toetsingscommissie Inzet Bevoegdheden, the Dutch review board for the use of special powers by the security and intelligence services
* Danish Timber Industry and Construction Workers' Union (native name Forbundet Træ-Industri-Byg i Danmark)
* Technische Informationsbibliothek, the German National Library of Science and Technology
* Transparency International Bangladesh, an anti-corruption non-governmental organization
* TIB Financial Corporation, a bank holding company purchased by North American Financial Holdings
* TIB Development Bank, a development bank owned by the national government of Tanzania.

## Characters

* Tib from "Tib et Tatoum" (aka "Tib and Tumtum") comics/cartoon
* Tib-cat from The Little Broomstick

## Other uses

* River Tib, an underground river flowing through Greater Manchester
* Tib, Iran, a village in Markazi Province, Iran
* The Illustrated Bartsch, a compendium of European master prints
* Therapy Interfering Behavior, in cognitive therapy
* Transscandinavian Igneous Belt
# James Kingsley Thacher

James Kingsley Thacher (October 19, 1847 – April 20, 1891) was an American professor of medicine.
Thacher, the eldest child of Professor Thomas Anthony Thacher, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on October 19, 1847. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Yale College President Jeremiah Day. He spent the first two years after graduation in 1868 in California, and then returned to New Haven for study. From 1871 to 1879 he held a tutorship at Yale, instructing primarily in Physics, and subsequently in Zoology, in which latter subject indeed he continued to provide instruction for College students down to 1888. In 1879 he was appointed Professor of Physiology in the Yale Medical School (where he had already taken the degree of M.D.), and in 1880 he entered on the general practice of medicine in New Haven. The subject of Clinical Medicine was added to his professorship in 1887. He was also an independent scientific investigator of distinguished merit. His best known piece of work was published in 1877, and involved a criticism of Huxley and Gegenbaur on vertebrate evolution, which attracted attention both in England and Germany. He also published other researches of value, but the demands of his practice and of the Medical School interfered seriously with the time at command for original work. He died in New Haven, after two days' illness, of pneumonia, on April 20, 1891, in his 44th year.
He was married, in Boston, September 10, 1878, to Emily Baldwin Foster, eldest daughter of the Hon. Dwight Foster, who survived him with their three children,—one daughter and two sons.
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1891 Yale Obituary Record.
# Graham Magnetics

Graham Magnetics, Inc., was an American computer data storage company independently active from 1964 to 1995. Founded as Datatape, Inc., by 1966, it had opened its new magnetic tape factory in Graham, TX and changed its name to Graham Magnetics. Until the 1980s, Graham's primary product was half-inch, open-reel magnetic tape. Graham was the last manufacturer of open-reel 9-track tape, but ceased production at the end of 2001. Currently, as of 2007, Graham Magnetics buys used tape cartridges and reconditions them for reuse.
For the period 1995–1999, Graham was a part of Anacomp Corp. During this time, Anacomp/Graham was the world leader in open-reel computer tape production and one of 3 major manufacturers of IBM 3480 Family tape cartridges. They sold tape under the Graham, Memorex, and other brands.
In 1999, Anacomp spun off the magnetic tape line of business as eMag Solutions. This included the Graham magnetics division. After ending 9-track magnetic tape production, Graham entered the business of recertifying tape cartridges. In 2006, the company developed a process for eradicating data from tape cartridges while preserving the servo tracks.
In 2007, eMag sold Graham to RBE Enterprises of Dallas, TX.
# Acanthofrontia anacantha

Acanthofrontia anacantha is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1914. It is found in Nigeria.
# Jargonness

Jargonness is a piecewise mathematical function mapping the frequencies of a word's appearance in scientific and contemporary English corpora to a parameter quantifying the word's association with scientific jargon - the "jargonness" of that word. It is expressed mathematically as:
   $jargonness={\begin{cases}log\left({\frac {f_{s}}{f_{g}}}\right),&f_{g}>0\\3,&f_{g}=0\end{cases}}$
In the above equation, $f_{g}$ stands for the frequency of a word's appearance in a general English-language corpus and $f_{s}$ stands for its frequency in a scientific corpus.

## Method of use

Both the frequencies ($f_{g}$ and $f_{s}$) must be determined and then substituted in the above equation to calculate the word's jargonness. In case a word has no mention in the general English corpus, 3 is taken as its jargonness as suggested by the second part of the equation. Noticing that the logarithm in the first part of the equation is a common one (to the base 10), this simply means that the word is assumed to be a thousand times more likely to appear in a scientific text than a non-scientific one.

### Examples of corpora

The corpora that have most commonly been employed to determine the frequencies mentioned above are the following:
* Professional English Research Consortium Corpus (for scientific vocabulary; 17 million words)
* British National Corpus (for common vocabulary; 97 million words)
# Stuart Smith

Stuart Smith may refer to:
* Stuart Lyon Smith (1938–2020), politician, leader of the Ontario Liberal Party (1976-1982), psychiatrist, academic and public servant in Ontario, Canada
* Stuart Saunders Smith (born 1948), American composer and percussionist
* Stuart Tyson Smith (born 1960), American Egyptologist
* Stuart Smith (actor) (born 1954), British-Australian actor
* Stuart Smith (game designer), American computer game designer
* Stuart Ernest Smith (1915–2007), ice hockey player for the Montreal Canadiens
* Stuart Smith (ice hockey) (born 1960), ice hockey player for the Hartford Whalers
* Stuart Smith (musician) (born 1956), British rock-blues guitarist and songwriter
* Stuart H. Smith (born 1960), American plaintiff attorney
* Stuart Smith (general) (born 1963), Australian Army general
* Stuart Smith (politician) (born 1963), New Zealand politician
* Stuart Smith (cricketer) (1868–?), Irish cricketer
# Richard Ashman

Richard Gerald Alfred Ashman (24 November 1899 – 15 May 1965) was a South African cricketer and cricket umpire.
In domestic first-class cricket, Ashman played six games as a wicket-keeper for Orange Free State from December 1931 to December 1932.
Ashman umpired 24 first-class matches in South Africa between 1931 and 1950. His Test umpiring career commenced in 1935 when he officiated in the second South Africa–Australia Test at Johannesburg in December. His fourteenth and final Test as umpire was in January 1950, another match between South Africa and Australia.
# Macrostomus orthoneura

Macrostomus orthoneura is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
# Agathymus aryxna

Agathymus aryxna, the Arizona giant skipper, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1905. Its range includes Central and North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Agathymus aryxna is 4132.
# Ann Goldstein

Ann Goldstein may refer to:
* Ann Goldstein (curator) (born 1957), American museum curator
* Ann Goldstein (translator) (born 1949), American translator of Italian
# James Thomson (calico printer)

James Thomson (6 February 1779 – 27 April 1850) was an English industrial chemist who made a career and large reputation in calico printing. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1821.

## Life

He was born in Blackburn, Lancashire. While studying at Glasgow University he came to know Thomas Campbell, who became a friend.
The Thomson family was connected with the Peels, the manufacturing and political dynasty in Lancashire. James Thomson went to work for Joseph Peel & Co., calico printers in London, around 1795, and remained there for six years; Joseph Peel was an uncle of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet. While in London Thomson met William Hyde Wollaston and Humphry Davy. Davy became a close friend, and they worked together on the theory of acids, with Thomson willing to inhale Davy's nitrous oxide in 1799. In 1801 Thomson was brought in as a middleman in negotiations for Count Rumford to hire Davy, by Thomas Richard Underwood of the Royal Institution.
The Primrose Works, set up near Clitheroe in Lancashire in 1801, became Thomson's, in partnership with James Burton and John Chippendale. The works aimed at the manufacture of prints of a high standard, and existed to 1854. Thomson innovated in technology: he took out an English patent for the Turkey red process of Daniel Koechlin in 1813, and invented his own indigo blue process with potassium bicarbonate. Some of the employees were later distinguished: Walter Crum FRS spent two years working for Thomson, and he also employed Richard Cobden about 1826 and Lyon Playfair about 1841.
Thomson gave evidence to a select committee of Parliament, on trade, manufactures and shipping, in 1833.
For Rees's Cyclopædia he contributed articles on textiles manufacture:
* Colour-making in Calico-Printing, (vol 9, 1808/9)
* Copper in Calico-printing, (vol 9, 1808/9)
* Copper Plate Work in Calico-Printing, (vol 9, 1808/9)
* Cotton, (Vol 10, 1809). In this he defended the reputation of Richard Arkwright.
* Dipping in Calico-Printing, (vol 11, 1809)
* Discharging of Colour, (vol 11, 1809)
* Manufacture of Cotton, (vol 22, 1812). John Farey, jr contributed an account of Strutt's Works at Belper and made the drawings with which the article is illustrated.
* Spinning,(vol 33, 1816)
* Printing, Calico, (vol 39, 1819)
# 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool B (Skopje)

Pool B (Skopje) of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2022 Billie Jean King Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with each team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to Group II in 2023.

## Standings

| | | POR | MLT | BDI | RR W–L | Set W–L | Game W–L | Standings |
| 5 | Portugal | | 2–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 10–3 (77%) | 68–46 (60%) | 1 |
| 2 | Malta | 1–2 | | 2–1 | 1–1 | 7–7 (50%) | 65–62 (49%) | 2 |
| – | Burundi | 1–2 | 0–3 | | 0–1 | 4–11 (27%) | 53–78 (40%) | 3 |
Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-team ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-team ties, (a) percentage of matches won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (b) percentage of sets won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (c) percentage of games won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (d) Billie Jean King Cup rankings.

## Round-robin
### Malta vs. Burundi

| Malta 2 | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 5–6 July 2022 Clay | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 5–6 July 2022 Clay | Burundi 1 |
| 1 2 3 1 Elaine Genovese Laura Syori 6 1 6 3     2 Francesca Curmi Sada Nahimana 4 6 6 3 2 6   3 Francesca Curmi / Elaine Genovese Sada Nahimana / Laura Syori 5 7 6 4 6 1 ||||

### Portugal vs. Burundi

| Portugal 3 | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 6 July 2022 Clay | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 6 July 2022 Clay | Burundi 0 |
| 1 2 3 1 Matilde Jorge Laura Syori 6 0 6 2     2 Francisca Jorge Sada Nahimana 7 5 0 6 6 4   3 Matilde Jorge / Inês Murta Sada Nahimana / Laura Syori 6 3 6 2 ||||

### Malta vs. Portugal

| Malta 1 | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 7 July 2022 Clay | Tennis Club Jug, Skopje, North Macedonia 7 July 2022 Clay | Portugal 2 |
| 1 2 3 1 Elaine Genovese Matilde Jorge 3 6 4 6     2 Francesca Curmi Francisca Jorge 4 6 1 6     3 Elaine Genovese / Helene Pellicano Inês Murta / Ana Filipa Santos 6 3 6 4 ||||
# Salina, Arizona

Salina, also known as Salina Springs, Salinas Springs, and Tselani, is a populated place situated in Apache County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 6,542 feet (1,994 m) above sea level. The name of Salina became official as a result of decision by the Board on Geographic Names in 1960.
# Botanical Gardens Cricket Ground

Botanical Gardens Cricket Ground was a cricket ground in Old Trafford, Stretford, Lancashire. The ground was located adjacent to Manchester Botanical Garden. The ground was on land owned by Sir Humphrey de Trafford, who allowed Manchester Cricket Club to lease the ground.
The first recorded match that is now considered to have been first-class on the ground was in 1848, when Manchester Cricket Club played Sheffield Cricket Club. The following season a Lancashire team played a team from Yorkshire. In 1851, a Lancashire side played their second and final first-class match at the ground in a repeat of the previous first-class fixture there involving. Manchester Cricket Club played two further first-class matches at the ground in 1852 and then 1854, both coming against Sheffield Cricket Club.
The final recorded match held on the ground came in 1856 when Manchester Cricket Club played rugby. Shortly after the ground was developed for the 1857 Art Treasures Exhibition. Later, the location of the ground became a motorcycle speedway venue before closing in 1982. Today the location of the ground is covered by the White City Retail Centre.
# Jargulica

Jargulica can refer to:
* Jargulica, Radoviš, a village in Radoviš Municipality, North Macedonia
* Jargulica, Valandovo, a village in Valandovo Municipality, North Macedonia
# Subdivisions of Buenos Aires

The city of Buenos Aires is formally divided in 48 barrios (neighborhoods), grouped into 15 comunas (communes), which are defined as "units of decentralized political and administrative management governed by designated residents".
The city proper (excluding the suburbs and exurbs that form Greater Buenos Aires), had 2,891,082 inhabitants as of 2010.

## Overview

| English name | Spanish name | Time of first occurrence | Quantity at time of first occurrence | Relation to other types |
| Parishes | Parroquias | 1622 | 1 | |
| Police sections | Secciones policiales/comisarías | 1778 | | |
| Neighborhoods | Barrios | 1794 | | |
| Census divisions | Divisiones censales | 1869. | | |
| Electoral sections | Secciones electorales | 1877 | | Aligned with the boundaries of the communes. "las secciones electorales se ajustaron a las comunas" |
| School districts | Distritos escolares | 1884. | | |
| CGP | CGP | 1996. | 16 | |
| Communes | Comunas | 2005. | 15 | Grouping of several neighborhoods. |
| Sanitary regions | Régiones sanitarias | 2008. | 4 | Grouping several communes. |

## Sanitary regions

The borders of the sanitary regions are aligned with the borders of the communes.
* Region 1: C1, C3, C4
* Region 2: C7, C8, C9
* Region 3: C5, C6, C10, C11, C15
* Region 4: C2, C12, C13, C14
# Rhian Edwards (poet)

Rhian Edwards is a Welsh poet. Her debut collection of poetry, Clueless Dogs, was named the Wales Book of the Year in 2013.

## Biography

Edwards was born in Bridgend, Wales, and moved to Derbyshire, England while she was in primary school. She studied a bachelor's degree in law at the London School of Economics and, after completing a master's degree, began working as a tax consultant. After failing one of her tax exams, she left her job as a tax consultant to work for the Financial Times; she sold advertising space in the newspaper but hoped to join its editorial staff. She began writing poetry after meeting a group of poets in London and attending a performance night at the Covent Garden Poetry Café. She was also a singer and songwriter before becoming a full-time writer.
Parade the Fib, a pamphlet of Edwards' poems, was published by Tall Lighthouse and was listed as a Poetry Book Society Choice in 2008. Her first book of poetry, titled Clueless Dogs, was published in 2012 by Seren Books. At the 2013 Wales Book of the Year Awards, Clueless Dogs won the overall prize for Wales Book of the Year, as well as the People's Choice Award and the Roland Mathias Prize for Poetry. It was also shortlisted for the 2012 Forward Prize for Best First Collection.
A prolific performer, Edwards has given over 400 poetry readings at festivals, on radio, and on stage, and won the John Tripp Award for Spoken Poetry in 2011–2012. In 2013, she became the first writer-in-residence at Aberystwyth Arts Centre. Edwards currently lives in Bridgend with her daughter.

## Publications
### Poetry

* 2008: Parade the Fib, Tall Lighthouse
* 2012: Clueless Dogs, Seren
* 2017: Brood, Seren
* 2020: The Estate Agent's Daughter, Seren
# Maaje

Maaje is a village in Ancuabe District in Cabo Delgado Province in northeastern Mozambique.
It is located south-west of the district capital of Ancuabe and Mesa.
# British School of Tenerife

British School of Tenerife (BST) is a British international school in Tenerife, Spain. It serves levels early years through sixth form college. The school has campuses in La Orotava and Los Realejos.
It was founded in 1967.
# Ann R. Miller

Ann Ratner Miller (1921 – February 28, 2006) was an American sociologist and demographer in the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, described as "a pioneer in the study of human migration and patterns of labor force participation," "part of the first generation of demographers that assembled and analyzed census data to undertake the first systematic study of internal migration within the United States."

## Education and early career

Ann Rachel Ratner earned a bachelor's degree in 1943 in sociology from Bryn Mawr College. Later in the 1940s, she worked with Gladys L. Palmer in the Department of Industrial Research at the Wharton School; with Palmer she published the 1949 research report Industrial and occupational trends in national employment, 1910-1940, 1910-1948. In the 1950s, she also worked as a statistician for the United States Census Bureau.
She married Ervin Miller, and completed her Ph.D. in sociology in 1962 at the University of Pennsylvania.
Her dissertation, supervised by Dorothy Swaine Thomas, was State Labor Force Trends and Differentials in the United States from 1870 to 1950.

## Later career

Miller continued working as a researcher in the Population Studies Center of the Wharton School from 1960 to 1971; she was a "founding member" of the center, and remained associated with it for the rest of her career. In 1971, she was appointed as a research associate professor of sociology in the Wharton School, and in 1972, she was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. By 1980, she had become a regular-rank full professor, and the chair of the Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis of the National Research Council Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences.
Miller served as editor-in-chief of the journal Demography from 1985 to 1987. She retired in 1987.

## Equal pay study

In 1981 Miller chaired a committee of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, appointed by President Jimmy Carter, that found that women are "systematically underpaid", both by being concentrated in lower-paid positions and by being paid less than men for comparable positions. The committee suggested that a notion of "comparable worth", used to adjudicate legal cases for gender discrimination, could improve the situation, but would not remove disparities caused by discrimination in hiring. Miller knew much of this already from personal experience; her obituary for the Population Association of America (of which she was first vice president in 1980) writes "Most of her career was spent at a time when it was very difficult for women to receive their due as full participants in science and the academy."