OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamahullah bin Muhammad bin Umar

Shaykh Shekna Ahmeda Hamahullah ben Muhammad ben Seydina Umar (born 1882) was a Sufi Muslim religious leader, born in French Soudan (modern Mali) and died in France after being arrested and sent into exile in 1933 by the colonial government of French West Africa. While not the founder, he was the spiritual leader of a militant reform movement of the powerful Tijaniyyah sufi ṭarīqah (order, path, brotherhood), which has popularly taken his name, as Hamallayya or Hamallism.

## Disciple

Hamahullah was the first disciple of a Tijaniyyah reformer and mystic Shaykh Sidi Mohamed Lakhdar Al Tounsi (d. 1909 in Nioro), who along with doctrinal and ritual changes, stressed opposition to hierarchy and downplayed the importance of formal education. Led by Hamahullah, the movement spread in the 1920s in what was then French Soudan, modern Mali. It first took root amongst Wolof traders living in Nioro, but soon spread to servile caste Muslims in Mauretania and Mali.

## Exile

Hamahullah bin Muhammad bin Umar was exiled by French authorities from his home in Nioro du Sahel (Mali) to Mauretania in 1933 following clashes between his followers and local leaders, then to Côte d'Ivoire and finally France, but the movement survived his death in exile. The movement was eventually made illegal in French West Africa, but has continued, especially among the rural poor. Hamahullah's most prominent disciples included Tierno Bokar Salif Tall in Mali and Yacouba Sylla in Mauretania, with the movement continuing as a small but prosperous religious faction across contemporary West Africa.
# Hans-Joachim Mann

Hans-Joachim Mann (born 26 June 1935) is a retired German Vizeadmiral and former Inspector of the Navy from 1986 until 1991.
# Tadatomo

Tadatomo (written: 忠友, 忠朝 or 忠智) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Honda Tadatomo (本多 忠朝, 1582–1615), Japanese samurai
* Mizuno Tadatomo (水野 忠友, 1731–1802), Japanese samurai
* Ōkubo Tadatomo (大久保 忠朝, 1632–1712), Japanese daimyō
* Tadatomo Yoshida (吉田 忠智), Japanese politician
# Herpetopoma howensis

Herpetopoma howensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Tasman Sea off Lord Howe Island.
# Rhescuporis

Rhescuporis (also Rascypolis, Rhascoupolis, Rhascupolis) may refer to:

## Kings of Thrace

* Rhescuporis I, Odrysian King of Thrace, 240 to 215 BC
* Rhescuporis I (Sapaean), Sapaean King of Thrace, 48 to 41 BC
* Rhescuporis II, Odrysian-Astaean King of Thrace, 18 BC to 13 BC
* Rhescuporis II (Sapaean), Sapaean King of Thrace, 12 to 18

## Roman Client Kings of the Bosporan Kingdom

* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis I, ruled from 14 until 42
* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis II, ruled from 78 until 93
* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis III, ruled from 211 until 218
* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis IV, ruled from 233 until 234
* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis V, ruled from 240 until 276
* Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis VI, ruled from 314 until 341
# Squatting in Sri Lanka

Squatting in Sri Lanka occurs when people are displaced by war or natural disasters, find it difficult to transfer title or build shanty towns. The Government of Sri Lanka has attempted to regularize squatter settlements. In 2020, there were reported to be over 600,000 squatters on state land.

## History

The Government of Sri Lanka owns 80 per cent of the country's land and the rest is privately owned. Land is presumed to be owned by the state unless proven otherwise, under the State Lands Encroachments Ordinance. The government created state-sponsored land settlement schemes (SLSS) to house the population, mandated by the 1840 Crown Land (Encroachment) Ordinance (revised in 1949) and the 1935 Land Development Ordinance. As an unintended side-effect of these provisions, squatting occurs in SLSS zones because it is hard to transfer ownership.
In 1984, the government identified four types of housing in need of upgrading. These were slums where people were owners or renters, shanty towns constructed by squatters, peri-urban developments where people were owners or renters and derelict houses occupied by temporary workers. In 1998, the Registration of Title Act set up a system to register titles, which was first rolled out in the areas of Anuradhapura, Gampaha, Gampola, Hambantota, Homagama, Jaffna, Kandy, Kurunegala, Negombo and Ratnapura.
After the Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004, many people were displaced and some started squatting. During the Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009) 289,915 people were displaced in the Vanni region. The government then announced the Prescription (Special Provisions) Act, which aimed to help people who had been displaced to reclaim their property. The act ensured that the previous doctrine of adverse possession after 10 years was no longer valid.
Sri Lanka Railways stated in 2018 that it owned 14,000 plots of land, of which around 10,000 acres had been squatted and that some occupiers were railway employees. In 2020, the Sri Lankan Sunday Times reported that in total over 600,000 people were squatting on state land and that the land commissioner had decided that those who had occupied their homes for more than eight years could claim title. A cabinet subcommittee was set up to investigate further but its meetings were delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
# Jennifer Cashmore

Jennifer Lilian Cashmore AM (née Adamson, 5 December 1937 – 10 June 2024) was an Australian politician. She was a Liberal Party member of the South Australian House of Assembly between 1977 and 1993, representing the eastern suburbs seat of Coles (Morialta since 2002). Cashmore was the third woman to be elected to the House of Assembly.
Cashmore served as Minister for Health and Minister for Tourism during the 1979–1982 Tonkin government, the first woman member of Cabinet since Joyce Steele. In 1992 she contested the leadership of her party against John Olsen and Dean Brown, the eventual winner.
Once dubbed the 'green conscience' of the Liberal Party, Cashmore was the first member to raise questions about the financial viability of the State Bank before the 1989 election.

## Personal life

Cashmore was the mother of South Australian Governor Frances Adamson, Supreme Court of New South Wales judge Christine Adamson and Anglican chaplain Stuart Adamson.
Cashmore was first married to Adelaide businessman Ian Adamson. The first part of her time in parliament was as Jennifer Adamson. She reverted to her maiden name Cashmore after that marriage ended in 1986. She married Stewart Cockburn in 1988.
Cashmore died on 10 June 2024, at the age of 86.
# Gotthold Salomon

Gotthold Salomon (born as Schlomo Salman ben Lippmann haLewi; November 1, 1784 in Sandersleben (Anhalt-Dessau) – November 17, 1862 in Hamburg) was a German Jewish rabbi, politician and Bible translator.
Following on the work of Moses Mendelssohn, Salomon was the first Jew to translate the complete Old Testament into High German, under the title Deutsche Volks- und Schulbibel für Israeliten (1837) ("German People's and School Bible for Israelites"). He served as preacher in the Hamburg Temple, and partook in the public dispute around it in 1841.
# Halla Gunnarsdóttir

Halla Gunnarsdóttir (8 January 1981) is an Iceland politician and feminist journalist and writer. The former political adviser to the home secretary of Iceland, she is head of policy and partnerships of the Women's Equality Party in the United Kingdom.

## Education

Gunnarsdóttir received a master's degree in international relations from the University of Iceland.

## Career

Gunnarsdóttir worked initially as a journalist from 2003 to 2009, and as an assistant to Ögmundur Jónasson in the Ministry of Health. Gunnarsdóttir was appointed Assistant Attorney to Justice and Human Rights in September 2010. During her term she researched the Icelandic criminal justice system and reviewed how sexual crimes are dealt with. Gunnarsdóttir has also written about security and national defence issues facing Iceland. She is a member of the Feminist Society of Iceland.

## Works

In 2013 Gunnarsdóttir authored an article for The Guardian in which she advocated the porn shield imposed by Iceland as a means to reduce sexual violence in the country.
# Indian plum

Indian plum is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
* Oemleria, a shrub in the rose family native to the Pacific Coast of North America
* Flacourtia indica, an Asian species often used as a living fence
* Flacourtia jangomas, a rainforest tree in the willow family that is widely planted in Asia and Southeast Asia
* Flacourtia rukam, an Asian species
* Ziziphus mauritiana, Indian ber or chinese date
# Hans-Joachim Newiger

Hans-Joachim Newiger (1 April 1925 – 26 December 2011) was a German classical philologist.

## Life

Born in Königsberg, Newiger was appointed on 21 December 1953 at the University of Kiel with his Dissertation Metaphern und Chorpersonifikationen bei Aristophanes, which was published in 1957 in extended form under the title Metapher und Allegorie. Studien zu Aristophanes (2000 reprint). In 1955/56 he received the Reisestipendium des Deutschen Archäologischen Institut [de]. His habilitation was completed in 1968 at the University of Kiel under Hans Diller and Walter Bröcker [de] with a study of the writing of Gorgias about the non-being. From 1969 to 1971 he was professor of classical philology at the TU Berlin. In 1971 he was appointed to the chair of Gräzistik [de] at the newly founded University of Konstanz which he held until his retirement in 1992 in Bielefeld where he died on 26 December 2011 at the age of 86.
Newiger was one of the leading Aristophanes experts. He was a corresponding member of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.

## Publications

* Drama und Theater. Ausgewählte Schriften zum griechischen Drama, ed. by Michael Erler, Martin Hose, Bernhard Zimmermann, Stuttgart 1996 (Drama Beiheft 2).
* Die Orestie und das Theater.

## Literature

* Bernhard Zimmermann: "Hans-Joachim Newiger †." In Gnomon. Volume 84 (2012), pp. 764–767 (with picture)
# Scorpius (disambiguation)

Scorpius (♏) is a constellation of the zodiac, named after the ancient Greek word for scorpion.
Scorpius may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Scorpius (novel), a James Bond novel by John Gardner
* "Scorpius" (Doctor Who audio), an audio drama episode of the Cyberman audio series based on Doctor Who
* Scorpius (Farscape), a fictional alien in the TV series Farscape
* Scorpius, a fictional villain in the Power Rangers Lost Galaxy TV series
* Scorpius, a fictional robot in the pinball video game Sonic Spinball
* "Scorpius", a song by band Midnight Juggernauts
* Scorpius Malfoy, a fictional character from J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter” series

## Other uses

* Euscorpius, a genus of scorpions also known as Scorpius
* Scorpius (electronic warfare system), a defensive electronic warfare system.
# 7166 Kennedy

7166 Kennedy, provisional designation 1985 TR, is a stony Nysian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1985, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. The asteroid was named after Malcolm Kennedy of the Astronomical Society of Glasgow.

## Orbit and classification

Kennedy is a member of the Nysa family (405), the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located in the inner belt near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt. It is, however, a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,384 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in June 1954, more than 31 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.

## Physical characteristics

Kennedy has been characterized as a common stony S-type asteroid by PanSTARRS photometric survey.

### Rotation period

In December 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Kennedy was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.659 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.52 magnitude (U=2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kennedy measures 5.129 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.267, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 and calculates a diameter of 4.42 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.08.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of Malcolm Kennedy (1944–1997), secretary of the Astronomical Society of Glasgow. He was born and raised in New Zealand and became a civil engineer in Scotland. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 August 1998 (M.P.C. 32348).
# Nerisopam

Nerisopam (GYKI-52322, EGIS-6775) is a drug which is a 2,3-benzodiazepine derivative, related to tofisopam. It has potent anxiolytic and neuroleptic effects in animal studies.
# Bowler Hill

Bowler Hill is a summit in Jackson County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It has a peak elevation of 1,086 ft (331 m).
Bowler Hill was named after J. O. F. Bowler, the original owner of the site.
# International Society of Logistics

The International Society of Logistics (also known as SOLE, as it was originally the Society of Logistics Engineers) is a non-profit organization devoted to the development and promotion of logistics, including improvements in technology, education and management. SOLE sponsored the Annual Logistics Conference and Exposition and founded the Logistics Education Foundation. The organization communicates via their newsletter, the SOLEtter.

## History

In March 1966 Dr. Wernher von Braun established the need for a NASA annual logistics symposium. This [first] symposium was to be in August 1966 at the Marshall Space Flight Center; and due to the importance, several high level corporate executives and company presidents were to be in attendance. To insure that the symposium was successful, von Braun solicited help from numerous company presidents at: Aircraft Company. Douglas Aircraft Company, Martin Marietta, RCA, and North American.
# Harry Lea

Harry Lea was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington.
# MVG

MVG may refer to:
* Michael van Gerwen, a professional darts player
* MVG, the airline code for Moldavian Airlines
* Mothra vs. Godzilla, 1964 film
* Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft or Munich Transportation Company, the company responsible for operating public transport in Munich, Germany
   * MVG Museum, Munich museum about the above company
   * MVG Class A, class of train operated by the above company
   * MVG Class B, class of train operated by the above company
   * MVG Class C, class of train operated by the above company
# Casasia haitensis

Casasia haitensis is a species of plant that is native to Haiti. It belongs to the family Rubiaceae.
# Hamburg Planetarium

Hamburg Planetarium is one of the world's oldest, and one of Europe's most visited planetariums. It is located in the district of Winterhude, Hamburg, Germany, and housed in a former water tower at the center of Hamburg Stadtpark.

## History

Planetarium Hamburg opened to the public on April 30, 1930. It is situated in an Art-Deco water tower, designed by Oskar Menzel and built between 1912 and 1915. However, it was only used as such until 1924, and subsequently converted to a planetarium. At the opening of the planetarium in 1930, a Zeiss Universarium Mark II projector, already acquired by the City of Hamburg in 1925, became the planetarium's centerpiece. Subsequent Zeiss projectors were a Mark IV in 1957, a Mark VI in 1983 and a Universarium IX since 2006.
In 2011 Planetarium Hamburg became one of the first ESO Outreach Partner Organisations (EOPO) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). The same year, Planetarium Hamburg became the first planetarium in Europe to use fulldome 3D-Stereoscopic technology.
With the start of reconstruction from 3 August 2015, the Planetarium is closed until the end of 2016. The core of the work is the development of the entrance from the outside pedestal on which the water tower stands. From 2017 the new premises and service facilities will provide all visitors of the Hamburg Planetarium improved access, more space, more comfort and advanced conference facilities. In the on city park level emerging areas in the base and the extended, previous lobby level on the first floor will be the new place for gastronomy, Shop, events, exhibitions, offices and toilets provided. Access to the planetarium will take place in the future at ground level from the City Park. Two elevators will in future facilitate access to the Star Hall and the popular observation deck, which also will be barrier-free for the first time then. The expansion will bring the added value of an area of approximately 1,200 square meters floor space with them.
# Chaussoy-Epagny

Chaussoy-Epagny(Picard: L’Queuchoy-Épagny) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

## Geography

The commune is situated on the D193 road, in the valley of the river Noye some 26 kilometres (16 mi) south of Amiens.
# Roland JD-990

The Roland JD-990 Super JD is an updated version of the Roland JD-800 synthesizer in the form of a module with expanded capabilities, which was released in 1993 by Roland Corporation. JD-990 is a multitimbral synthesizer utilising PCM sample-based synthesis technology. In a sense it is not a true module version of a JD-800 as it has many expanded features and as a result the two are incompatible in exchanging presets. It is equipped with 6 MB of ROM containing sampled PCM waveforms, four sets of stereo outputs that are assignable to individual, internal, instruments, and standard MIDI in/out/through ports. JD-990 has a large LCD display and programming takes place through a keypad on the front panel of the unit. The unit can generate multi-timbral sounds reminiscent of the vintage analogue synthesizers but is also capable of generation of modern digital textures. There are several expansion boards available for JD-990 that can be installed in the provided expansion slot in the chassis of the unit.

## Features

The JD-990 had the following features which were not available on the JD-800:
* Expanded wave ROM (6 MB vs. 3 MB)
* Ability to use an 8 MB expansion board from the SR-JV80 series
* JV-80 patch import
* 4 additional outputs
* True stereo engine
* Individual panning of each tone in a patch
* Oscillator sync
* Frequency cross-modulation (FXM)
* Matrix Modulation
* Modulation of the same destination from multiple sources
* Oscillator structures that allow ring modulation and serial dual filters
* Additional LFO waveforms: sine, trapezoid and chaos
* MIDI CC control of parameters
* Tempo sync delay
* Polyphonic portamento
* Analog Feel. Adds a very subtle pitch modulation to the basic waveforms intended to recreate an analogue synth's 'drift'
* Performance memories
* Additional multitimbral slots
* One patch can keep full effects in multi mode

## Expandability

The JD-990 is compatible with the following:
* The SR-JV80 series of expansion boards. The SR-JV80-04 Vintage Synth board includes 255 patches programmed specially for the JD-990.
* The SL-JD80 series of waveform & patch cards released for the JD-800.
* The SO-PCM1 series of waveform cards.
* The JD9D series of patch cards developed specifically for the JD-990.

## Factory Sounds

The Factory presets of the JD-990 were created by Eric Persing and Adrian Scott.

## Notable users

The JD-990 has been used by artists such as Klaus Schulze, Paul Shaffer, Steve Duda, Vangelis, The Prodigy, Apollo 440, ATB, and Mirwais. Apollo 440 used the JD-990 for atmospheric sounds on the track "The Machine in the Ghost", on the album Gettin' High on Your Own Supply. On the Faithless song "Insomnia", the pizzicato hook is from a JD-990, with added reverb.
# MAD School

MAD School is a school established by Chatsworth Medi@rt Academy in Singapore in 2003. The school's name is an acronym for "Marketing, Advertising, and Design". It is an undergraduate and postgraduate school for studies in the fields of marketing, advertising and design. It was founded by Ms. Michelle Lim, who used to work as a financial trader at a top investment firm in Singapore. The school trains around 300 - 500 students a year.

## Lecturers

The school sometimes employs practitioners in advertising as instructors. "Lim was also adamant that the lecturers be current industry practitioners in order to remain relevant to students. Some of them, like Pocket Magazine's creative director Andrew Tan, have won a host of international awards. Others come with impressive portfolios and a long client list: Felix Ng's works have generally received good reviews in publications such as The Wall Street Journal and Monocle, while Muhammad Suhaimi Paat has done work for a range of clients including the government and Getty Images." The Edge Singapore, 1 February 2016 . Recently, the school has launched postgraduate program in digital marketing, gathers a group of master grade practitioners to be the mentors and speakers of the program. Such as Nick -CEO of YP Consulting, Jean - founder of AAGO Consulting, Daniel - APAC Director of Cloudera, Chelsea - CX of PayPal, Michelle - EVP of Lazada, Shah - HD of Palo IT etc.

## Partners

The school has partnered with Inquirer.net to run advertising related courses in Philippines. The school is currently the partner of Association of Accredited Agency of Singapore (4As) in offering Professional Conversion Program under the Singapore nationwide skillsfuture and WSQ scheme.

## Charitable work

The school has established a sister organisation called Make The Change to provide services to charitable organizations at reduced rates or in some cases pro bono. Make The Change also offers a series of workshops to empower the PWD communities for employment and changemaker programs for the youth to give back.

## Events

Supported by the SG50 Celebration Fund (a fund from the government of Singapore to celebrate the turning of 50 years old of Singapore) “MAD About Singapore” was an Instagram exhibition organised by MAD School by Chatsworth Mediart Academy in collaboration with InstaSG (a community of Singapore Instagrammers) that allowed Singaporeans to share their online Instagram photos, expressing their Singaporean identity and passion for the nation. The exhibition was launched in September 2014 at ION.