OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Konstal 13N

The Konstal 13N was an electric tram built by Konstal in Chorzów between 1959 and 1969 and used in Warsaw until 2012. The design borrowed heavily from the PCC-derived ČKD Tatra T1.

## History

After 1945, the tram networks in most Polish cities relied on small, slow, and outdated Konstal N trams. The N-class trams were intended as a temporary measure to improve the disastrous state of public transport in the aftermath of World War II, and were in fact based on a wartime German design, but all attempts at designing a better tram in Poland ended in failure.
In 1955, two Tatra T1 trams were bought by the Warsaw Transport Authority. In 1956, these were sent to the Konstal works in Chorzów for analysis, and formed the basis for the first Konstal prototype called 11N. The prototype was then modernized with a redesigned interior, Belgian ACEC electrical equipment, different wheels, and transmission. In 1959, the prototype was put into production as the 13N.

## Passenger service

Konstal 13N was a single-module unidirectional tram with three doors on the right side. It held 122 passengers and was capable of reaching 68 km/h. They were most often used in sets of two, though in peak times, and on particularly busy routes, sets of three were sometimes seen. Although early units suffered from reliability issues, these were soon rectified.
The 13N remained in production for 10 years, and in that time, 842 units were built – 838 of those served in Warsaw, and the other four in the Upper Silesian network. The 13N (together with the later 105Na) went on to form the backbone of the Warsaw tram fleet for over 50 years.
Due to their shape, they were nicknamed parówka (sausage) and given stock numbers 1-500 and 503-840 (the original Tatra T1 cars were numbered 501 and 502).
In the 21st century, with the need for more energy-efficient, easier-to-access low-floor trams, the 13N units were phased out and replaced by PESA 120Na. The last day of passenger service on a 13N was 31 December 2012.

## Later development

Konstal 13N also forms the basis for the company's other trams seen in all Polish cities with tram networks. Konstal 102N (produced 1967–1969) and the subsequent 102Na (1970–1973) are both articulated versions of the 13N, and the Konstal 105N started out as 13N in a more modern, lighter body.

## Today

No 13N trams remain in regular passenger service after 2012, but several serve as museum cars in Warsaw (#795 since 1996, #503, the first 13N ever built, since 2018 and modernised, called "Żaba" #821 in composition with #818 since 2013), and Silesia (ex #366, now #308 since 2013). Due to their sturdiness, a number of 13Ns have also been rebuilt as track maintenance vehicles (#388 amongst others).

## Gallery

* Gallery of Konstal 13N
* Konstal 13N in passenger service in Warsaw (2010)
* One set of 13N (#821+818) was facelifted in 1994; plans for further development were abandoned
* A 13N leaving the Metro Młociny terminus
* Former Warsaw #115 as a museum tram in Poznań
* Former Warsaw #366 as a museum tram in Chorzów
* Konstal 13N at Służewiec terminus
* A number of 13Ns were rebuilt as maintenance vehicles (#12 shown here)
# 2-Phenylbenzofuran

2-Phenylbenzofuran (2-phenyl-benzo[b]furan) is a chemical compound that has the molecular formula C$_{14}$H$_{10}$O. It is a substituted benzofuran, with a phenyl group as the substituent.

## Occurrence and synthesis

2-Phenylbenzofuran is a natural product, and its derivatives (known as 2-phenylbenzofurans) have been isolated from various plants, such as Artocarpus pithecogallus, legumes, and mulberries.
Because there is a substituent at position 2, this benzofuran compound cannot be synthesized by the Perkin rearrangement from a coumarin. However, an alternate sequence has been demonstrated: treatment of 3-phenylcoumarin with aluminium hydride followed by DDQ:

## Applications

2-Phenylbenzofuran and its derivatives have been the subject of research on antioxidant drugs, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, and leishmaniasis treatment.
# Kildare South

Kildare South or South Kildare may refer to one of two parliamentary constituencies in County Kildare, Ireland:
* Kildare South (Dáil constituency) (since 2002)
* South Kildare (UK Parliament constituency) (1885–1922)
# Rundle Academy

Rundle Academy is an Independent School in Calgary, Alberta, part of Rundle College Society, and specializes in the instruction of students who have learning disabilities. Students at Rundle Academy typically have an average to above average intelligence but struggle in one or more areas of learning. As a result, the students typically underachieve in one of their core academic areas.
The school has a population of 200 students in Grades 4-12. The classes at Rundle Academy range from 6 students per class in Elementary to 10 students per class in High School. Teachers utilize differentiated instruction and differentiated assessment to help their students achieve their personal best. All classrooms are equipped with assistive technology to help students. These technologies include: ActivBoards, SMART Boards, Neo personal word processors, laptop computers and desktop computers. Rundle Academy follows the Alberta Learning Curriculum and aims to have each of its students graduate with a High School Diploma.

## Athletics

Some of the sports offered to students are:
* Badminton
* Basketball
* Cheerleading
* Cross Country
* Football
* Golf
* Rugby
* Soccer
* Track and Field
* Ultimate Frisbee
* Volleyball
* Wrestling
# Elizabeth Hardy

Elizabeth Hardy may refer to:
* Elizabeth Hardy (novelist) (1794–1854), Irish writer
* Elizabeth Hardy (chemist) (fl. 1940), American organic chemist
# Øyeren

Øyeren is a lake in the Glomma River watershed, southeast of the city of Lillestrøm. It is located within the municipalities of Enebakk, Lillestrøm, and Rælingen in Akershus county and Indre Østfold municipality in Østfold county.
Lake Øyeren is the ninth largest lake by area in Norway with a surface area of 84.7 square kilometers (32.7 square miles). It is 101 meters (331 feet) above sea level and 76 meters (249 feet) deep.

## The name

The name of the lake (Norse Øyir) is derived from øy f 'island; flat and fertile land along a waterside'.

## Nordre Øyeren nature preserve

An area that includes parts of the northern ("nordre") end of the lake is an established nature preserve, listed as a Ramsar site.
# Xylomya

Xylomya is a fly genus in the family Xylomyidae, the "wood soldier flies".

## Species

* Xylomya alamaculata Yang & Nagatomi, 1993
* Xylomya americana (Wiedemann, 1821)
* Xylomya aterrima Johnson, 1903
* Xylomya chekiangensis (Ôuchi, 1938)
* Xylomya ciscaucasica (Pleske, 1928)
* Xylomya czekanovskii (Pleske, 1925)
* Xylomya czekanovskii ssp. tuvensis Krivosheina, 1999
* Xylomya decora Yang & Nagatomi, 1993
* Xylomya elongata (Osten Sacken, 1886)
* Xylomya galloisi (Séguy, 1956)
* Xylomya gracilicorpus Yang & Nagatomi, 1993
* Xylomya maculata (Meigen, 1804)
* Xylomya matsumurai (Nagatomi & Tanaka, 1971)
* Xylomya mlokosiewczi (Pleske, 1925)
* Xylomya moratula Cockerell, 1914
* Xylomya pallidifemur Malloch, 1917
* Xylomya parens (Williston, 1885)
* Xylomya sauteri (James, 1939)
* Xylomya shcherbakovi Mostovski, 1999
* Xylomya shikokuana (Miyatake, 1965)
* Xylomya sichuanensis Yang & Nagatomi, 1993
* Xylomya simillima Steyskal, 1947
* Xylomya sinica Yang & Nagatomi, 1993
* Xylomya sordida (Pleske, 1928)
* Xylomya tenthredinoides (Wulp, 1867)
* Xylomya terminalis Vasey, 1977
* Xylomya trinotata (Bigot, 1880)
* Xylomya wenxiana Yang, Gao & An, 1995
* Xylomya xixiana Yang, Gao & An, 2002
* Xylomya yasumatsui (Nagatomi & Tanaka, 1971)
* Xylomya zhelochovtsevi Krivosheina, 1999
* Xylomyia longicornis Matsumura, 1915
* Xylomyia luteicornis Frey, 1960
* Xylomyia moiwana Matsumura, 1915
* Xylomyia prista Enderlein, 1913
* Xylomyia semimaculata Frey, 1960
# Nicholas Polson

Nicholas Polson (born 7 May 1963) is a British statistician who is a professor of econometrics and statistics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. His works are primarily in Bayesian statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo and Sequential Monte Carlo, (aka Particle filter). He has also worked more recently on Riemann hypothesis. Polson was educated at Worcester College, Oxford University and the University of Nottingham where his PhD supervisor was Adrian Smith.
Polson is the co-author (with James Scott) of the book AIQ: How People and Machines Are Smarter Together (2018), about the key ideas that played a role in the historical development of artificial intelligence.

## Selected publications

* Eraker, B., M. Johannes and N.G. Polson, "The Impact of Jumps in Volatility in Returns," (2003) Journal of Finance, 58, 3, 1269–1300.
* Carlin, B.P., N.G. Polson and D.S. Stoffer, "A Monte Carlo Approach to Non-Normal and Non-Linear State Space Modelling" (1992) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 493–500.
# Hamburg, Virginia

Hamburg, Virginia may refer to:
* Hamburg, Page County, Virginia
* Hamburg, Shenandoah County, Virginia
# Anarthriaceae

The Anarthriaceae was a family of three genera, Anarthria, Hopkinsia and Lyginia of flowering plants, now included in Restionaceae following APG IV (2016). The family is accepted in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's classification system, APG III system, but is not considered a separate family in many other taxonomic systems. The three genera are herbaceous but differ greatly in characteristics.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), did recognize this family, and assigned it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. The family contains three genera and 10 species, and is found in Southwest Australia.
# Petite Riviere de l'Anse La Raye

The Petite Rivière de l'Anse La Raye is a river of Saint Lucia.
# Kim Sung-heon

Kim Sung-heon (born 2 September 1974) is a South Korean handball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Ryticaryum

Ryticaryum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Icacinaceae. They are dioecious shrubs or small trees.
Its native range is Eastern Malesia to Northern Queensland.
Species:
* Ryticaryum elegans G.Schellenb.
* Ryticaryum fasciculatum Becc.
* Ryticaryum gracile G.Schellenb.
* Ryticaryum longifolium K.Schum. & Lauterb.
* Ryticaryum lucidum G.Schellenb.
* Ryticaryum macrocarpum Becc.
* Ryticaryum novoguineense (Warb.) Sleumer
* Ryticaryum oleraceum Becc.
* Ryticaryum oxycarpum K.Schum. & Lauterb.
* Ryticaryum purpurascens G.Schellenb.
* Ryticaryum racemosum Becc.
* Ryticaryum rotundatum G.Schellenb.
# Dvořák Ice Rise

Dvořák Ice Rise (71°21′S 72°46′W﻿ / ﻿71.350°S 72.767°W﻿ / -71.350; -72.767) is an ice rise 1.5 nautical miles (3km) in extent, rising above the ice of Mendelssohn Inlet in the southwest part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first mapped, from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Antonín Dvořák, the Czech composer. (1841-1904).
# Federico Archuleta

Federico Archuleta, also known as El Federico, is an Austin, Texas-based graffiti artist who has created several notable murals in Austin.
Archuleta draws on his Catholic upbringing as a first generation American in creating his works, including Lets Band Together and Virgen de Guadalupe. Most prominent are the stencil-graffiti portraits of Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, the Clash and others on the old Tower Records/Varsity Theater building, as well as his portrait of Bob Dylan on the Hole in the Wall.
He was commissioned by Jarritos to create some murals in southern California.
# Alphonse Roubichou

Alphonse Roubichou (1861 – 1938) was a French painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
# 1935 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team

The 1935 Oglethorpe Stormy Petrels football team was an American football team that represented Oglethorpe University as an independent during the 1935 college football season. In their second year under head coach John W. Patrick, the Stormy Petrels compiled a 1–8 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 27 | Newberry | Hermance StadiumNorth Atlanta, GA | Cancelled | |
| October 4 | at Ozarks (AR) | Clarksville, AR | L 0–27 | |
| October 12 | Stetson | Hermance StadiumNorth Atlanta, GA | L 6–7 | |
| October 18 | at Chattanooga | Chamberlain FieldChattanooga, TN | L 13–24 | |
| October 26 | Erskine | Hermance StadiumNorth Atlanta, GA | L 0–3 | |
| November 1 | at Troy State | Pace FieldTroy, AL | W 12–7 | |
| November 9 | at Emory and Henry | H. E. Fox StadiumBig Stone Gap, VA | L 0–28 | |
| November 16 | at Auburn | Drake FieldAuburn, AL | L 0–51 | 5,000 |
| November 28 | at Mercer | Centennial StadiumMacon, GA | L 0–19 | |
| December 6 | at Miami (FL) | Miami StadiumMiami, FL | L 13–21 | 3,500 |
# Animal (2018 film)

Animal is a 2018 Argentine-Spanish drama thriller film directed by Armando Bó II, starring Guillermo Francella and Carla Peterson. Animal was partially funded by Argentina's National Institute of Cinema and Audiovisual Arts (INCAA).

## Plot

Antonio Decoud, a family man and manager of a meat processing plant, lives a wealthy life in an upper-class neighborhood in Mar del Plata. His polite lifestyle is shaken by an unexpected illness. Decoud will be forced to fight on unknown ground in order to find an organ donor. Meanwhile, Elías Montero and his pregnant wife Lucy Villar, a homeless couple, see an opportuniy to change their lives by extorting money from Decoud.

## Cast

* Guillermo Francella... Antonio Decoud
* Carla Peterson... Susana Decoud
* Federico Salles... Elías Montero
* Mercedes De Santis... Lucy Villar
* Gloria Carrá... Josefina Hertz
* Marcelo Subiotto... Gabriel Hertz
* Majo Chicar... Linda Decoud
* Joaquín Flammini... Tomás Decoud

## Reception

Ezequiel Boetti from Otros Cines says that Bo made an essay on cruelty, selfishness, contempt and class conflict. Ambito Financiero's Paraná Sendrós praises Francella's characterization of Decoud, and describes the movie as a satire on the fragile nature of relationships and fortune. Gaspar Zimerman from Clarín compares Animal with Cape Fear, as both films are "fictional experiments" that confront a scared bourgeois with an out-of-control underclass. Tobias Dunschen from Critique Film observes the lack of a dramatic counterweight to the flashy treatment of Decoud's frenzied search for a life-saving organ. The Spanish critic Arantxa Acosta, from La Realidad no Existe, called the film "terrifying" because it inspires empathy for the two antagonists, Decoud and Montero, no matter how low they can fall.

## Accolades

Animal competed in the following film festivals:
* Chicago International Film Festival
* Busan International Film Festival
* Fajr Film Festival
* Le Roche-sur-Yon Festival
* Sitges Film Festival
# An Expensive Place to Die

An Expensive Place to Die is a 1967 novel by Len Deighton. It is set initially in Paris and takes its title from an Oscar Wilde quotation about the said city. ("Dying in Paris is a terribly expensive business for a foreigner.") The action concerns the shady dealing and possible expensive pimping of one Monsieur Datt against a background of espionage. This is the fifth novel in the "unnamed hero" series, but unlike the previous ones, it includes chapters and sections in the third person.

## Plot

The unnamed protagonist, a British intelligence officer, is told to leak to the Chinese information about the effectiveness of nuclear weapons, to bolster their deterrent effect. M Datt, posing as a psychologist, believes he is working for the Chinese by accumulating compromising film of the sexual activities of various influential people. The Chinese have no interest in the films and the narrator does a deal with the French security services to bring together the Chinese agent Kuang with the American nuclear scientist Hudson in a farmhouse in northern France, to communicate the information. He then escorts Kuang to a pirate radio station ship moored in international waters off Ostend and returns to the harbour, where Datt, trying to flee, is shot by a Belgian paratrooper. A sub-plot concerns Datt's illegitimate daughter Maria, who had been married to the French policeman Loiseau and had also fallen for the narrator. She protects the narrator when he is given a truth drug by Datt and then drives an ambulance containing the films to Ostend. Despite having caused her father Datt's death, at the narrator's suggestion she is let go.
# Šventaragis' Valley

Šventaragis' Valley is a valley at the confluence of Neris and Vilnia Rivers in Vilnius, Lithuania. According to a legend recorded in the Lithuanian Chronicles, it was where Lithuanian rulers were cremated before the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387. Maciej Stryjkowski further recorded that it was the location of a pagan temple dedicated to Perkūnas, the god of thunder. While the legends are generally dismissed as fiction by historians, they have been studied and analysed from the perspective of pre-Christian Lithuanian mythology by Vladimir Toporov, Gintaras Beresnevičius, Norbertas Vėlius, Vykintas Vaitkevičius, and others.

## Legend

Duke Šventaragis (from the legendary Palemonids dynasty) selected a beautiful location in a valley at the confluence of Neris and Vilnia Rivers and ordered his son Skirmantas to establish a temple where he would be cremated after his death. He also ordered other Lithuanian dukes and nobles to be cremated here. Some years later, Grand Duke Gediminas was on a hunt and stopped in the valley. There he had a dream about a howling Iron Wolf which pagan priest Lizdeika interpreted that Gediminas should built the capital of Lithuania at this location. Thus, Gediminas became the founder of Vilnius. The legends, as recorded by the Lithuanian Chronicles, do not mention any kind of temple at the location.

## Historiography

These legends were retold and elaborated upon by various historians, including Maciej Stryjkowski and Teodor Narbutt, and became very popular. In his work, published in 1582, Stryjkowski elaborated that the valley has a temple dedicated to Perkūnas, the god of thunder, maintained an eternal flame, and was located where Vilnius Cathedral stands today. Narbutt, citing the dubious Chronicle of Rivius, even provided a description of the temple's measurements and the rituals performed within.
There is a continued academic debate whether the legends were rooted in a historical fact that there was a pagan temple in Vilnius. A pagan temple, demolished and replaced by a Catholic church, was mentioned in a 1388 papal bull of Pope Urban VI. However, the papal bull is vague in its wording and the descriptions of King Jogaila's actions are similar to those in the Book of Deuteronomy (12:3–4). In 1980s, archaeological research by Napaleonas Kitkauskas and Albertas Lisanka uncovered remnants of an earlier square structure under the present-day Vilnius Cathedral. Historians proposed that it was the remnants of a cathedral built by King Mindaugas after his conversion and coronation in 1253. They further argued that, after Mindaugas' assassination, this cathedral was converted into a pagan temple. However, in 2010, Gediminas Vaitkevičius published a monograph in which he dated the remnants to 1300–1320 based on artifacts found at the site. This dating is supported by the Letters of Gediminas (written in 1323–1324) that mention a newly built church. Kitkauskas rejected Vaitkevičius' arguments.
# Rytidocarpus

Rytidocarpus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae.
Its native range is Morocco.
Species:
# William Ogilvy Kermack

William Ogilvy Kermack FRS FRSE FRIC (26 April 1898 – 20 July 1970) was a Scottish biochemist. He made mathematical studies of epidemic spread and established links between environmental factors and specified diseases. He is noteworthy for being blind for the majority of his academic career. Together with Anderson Gray McKendrick he created the Kermack-McKendrick theory of infectious diseases.

## Early life and education

He was born on 26 April 1898 at 36 South Street in Kirriemuir, the son of William Kermack, a postman, and his wife, Helen Eassie Ogilvy. His mother was placed in an asylum soon after his birth and died when he was six and he was raised by his father's sister Margaret Osler Kermack, wife of David Marnie, a blacksmith. He was raised with their four children - his cousins.
William was educated at Webster's Seminary in Kirriemuir under headmaster Thomas Pullar. He won a bursary and began studying Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the University of Aberdeen in 1914.

## Career

His university career was disrupted by the First World War during which he served in the Royal Air Force 1917–1918. He graduated from Aberdeen University late in 1918 and then moved to the Dyson Perrins Laboratory at the University of Oxford in which worked with William Perkin Jr for two years, on the alkaloid harmaline. At about same time, from 1919 to 1921, also worked at the research department of British Dyestuffs Corporation in Oxford. In 1921 he moved to Edinburgh to work as a Chemist for the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. He continued postgraduate studies, gaining a DSc in 1925.
In 1922 collaborated with Nobel laureate in Chemistry, Sir Robert Robinson -it's uncertain if they actually met in person- on the development of "curly arrow", which is a graphical representation of electron direction during a chemical reaction.
Sadly, although he escaped the notoriously dangerous chemical warfare of First World War, he was blinded by a chemical explosion in his laboratory on 2 June 1924, at the age of 26, and never regained his sight.
In 1925 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Hector Munro Macdonald, George Barger, Sir James Walker, John Gray McKendrick and Anderson Gray McKendrick. He won the Society's Makdougall-Brisbane Prize (Royal Society of Edinburgh) for the period 1926 to 1928. In 1944 he was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.
St Andrews University awarded him an honorary doctorate (LLD) in 1937.
From 1949 to 1968 he served as Professor of Biological Chemistry at Aberdeen University.

## Death

He died on 20 July 1970 while still working at his desk inside Marischal College in Aberdeen.

## Family

In 1926 he married Elizabeth Raimunda Blazquez daughter of Raimundo Blazquez of Aguilas in Spain. They had one son, Derek Ogilvy Kermack

## Publications

* Modern Views of Atomic Structure (1935)
* The Stuff We're Made Of (1948)