OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pratylenchus

Pratylenchus is a genus of nematodes known commonly as lesion nematodes. They are parasitic on plants and are responsible for root lesion disease on many taxa of host plants in temperate regions around the world. Lesion nematodes are migratory endoparasites that feed and reproduce in the root and move around, unlike the cyst or root-knot nematodes, which may stay in one place. They usually only feed on the cortex of the root. Species are distinguished primarily by the morphology of the stylets.

## Hosts and symptoms

Root lesion nematodes infect a great variety of hosts. Pratylenchus penetrans alone has over 350 host plants. They include agricultural crops such as soybeans, potatoes, corn, bananas, and wheat. The genus is found most often in corn. Signs of disease are similar in most plants and generally include necrotic lesions of the roots. The lesions can also be entrances for pathogenic bacteria and fungi, which produce secondary infections. Above ground the plant becomes stunted, chlorotic, and wilted, and it often dies. A crop field may be patchy as plants wither and die. Root lesion nematodes can cause significant yield losses.

## Environment

Pratylenchus abundance is affected by soil moisture, mineral components, temperature, aeration, organic matter, and pH. They are more common in sandy soils and land with weed infestations. Pratylenchus can endure a wide range of environmental conditions. Moist temperate soils are ideal conditions for breeding and migrating underground, but they can persist in warm and dryer environments. In very dry conditions they are quiescent until moisture increases and plants resume growth. Most lesion nematodes remain inactive when soil temperatures are below 59 °F (15 °C) and are not fully active until temperatures rise above 68 °F (20 °C).

## Management

One common management option for crop-pest lesion nematodes is soil fumigation and nematicides. This is not effective for all species, and can be expensive for growers. Water immersion is another option. Infected plants are immersed in a hot water bath for about 30 minutes, which rids them of nematodes but does not harm the plant. This method has been successful for P. coffeae.
Crop rotation can help control the nematode load in the soil because different plants are susceptible to different Pratylenchus species. Selecting resistant plant varieties and cultivars can reduce nematode problems. This is currently the only option for control of P. vulnus, for example.

## Life cycle and pathology

Female nematodes lay single eggs in the root or in the soil. They reproduce via parthenogenesis, laying fertile eggs without fertilization. In many species, males are rare.
# 2004 SEC softball tournament

The 2004 SEC softball tournament was held at the University of Alabama Softball Stadium on the campus of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, from May 13 through May 16, 2004. LSU won the tournament and earned the Southeastern Conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

## Tournament

| First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| 7 | Mississippi State | 8 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Tennessee | 2 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Tennessee | 2 | 7 | Mississippi State | 2 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 3 | Georgia | 11 | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Florida | 1 | 3 | Georgia | 11 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Georgia | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Georgia | 7 | | | | 3 | Georgia | 4 | – | | | |
| | | | | | | 2 | Tennessee | 0 | – | | | |
| 6 | Florida | 5 | | | | 2 | Tennessee | 0 | – | | | |
| 2 | Tennessee | 7 | 2 | Tennessee | 1 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 5 | Alabama | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | 3 | Georgia | 1 |
| 8 | South Carolina | 0 | | | | | | | | 3 | Georgia | 1 |
| 8 | South Carolina | 0 | | | | | | | | 1 | LSU | 4 |
| 1 | LSU | 2 | | | | | | | | 1 | LSU | 4 |
| 1 | LSU | 2 | 5 | Alabama | 1 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 1 | LSU | 2 | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Alabama | 7 | 1 | LSU | 2 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Auburn | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Auburn | 1 | | | | 4 | Auburn | 2 | 0 | | | |
| | | | | | | 1 | LSU | 0 | 1 | | | |
| 8 | South Carolina | 0 | | | | 1 | LSU | 0 | 1 | | | |
| 4 | Auburn | 2 | 7 | Mississippi State | 3 | | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Auburn | 4 | | | | | | | |
* Ole Miss, Kentucky and Arkansas did not make the tournament. Vanderbilt does not sponsor a softball team.

## All-Tournament Team

* P - Kristin Schmidt, LSU
* P - Kasi Carroll, Georgia
* C - Shannon McKeon, Georgia
* 1B - Jackie McClain, Alabama
* 2B - Megan McAllister, Georgia
* 3B - Jade Jarvis, Georgia
* SS - Lindsey Schutzler, Tennessee
* OF - Iyhia McMichael, Mississippi State
* OF - Sara Fekete, Tennessee
* OF - Leslie Klein, LSU
* DP - Paige Jones, Auburn
* SEC Tournament MVP: Kristin Schmidt, LSU, Pitcher
# Prostanthera scutata

Prostanthera scutata is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a small, erect, compact shrub with densely hairy branches, elliptic to narrow elliptic leaves and pale blue or faintly violet flowers.

## Description

Prostanthera magnifica is an erect, compact shrub that typically grows to a height of 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) and has densely hairy branches. The leaves are elliptic to narrow elliptic, 1.5–11 mm (0.059–0.433 in) long and 1–6 mm (0.039–0.236 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) long. The flowers are arranged in bunches of six to twenty near the ends of branchlets, each flower on a pedicel 1.5–2.5 mm (0.059–0.098 in) long. The sepals are dark greyish green, forming a tube 2.5–4 mm (0.098–0.157 in) long with two egg-shaped to broadly egg-shaped lobes, the lower lobe 2–4.5 mm (0.079–0.177 in) long and 2.5–4.5 mm (0.098–0.177 in) wide, the upper lobe 4–8.5 mm (0.16–0.33 in) long and 4.5–8 mm (0.18–0.31 in) wide. The petals are pale blue to faintly violet, 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long forming a tube 14–15 mm (0.55–0.59 in) long with two lips. The central lobe of the lower lip is 3.5–5 mm (0.14–0.20 in) long and 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) wide and the side lobes 2.5–4.5 mm (0.098–0.177 in) long and 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) wide. The upper lip is 2.2–5 mm (0.087–0.197 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) wide with a central notch 1–2.5 mm (0.039–0.098 in) deep. Flowering occurs in October, December or January.

## Taxonomy

Prostanthera scutata was first formally described in 1964 by Charles Austin Gardner in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia from specimens he collected near the Hutt River.

## Distribution and habitat

This mintbush grows in gravelly soil in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains biogeographic regions of Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This mintbush is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.
# Evans–West House

The Evans–West House is a historic house at 40 West Avenue (corner of Oakwood) in Ocean View, Delaware. It is a 2+1⁄2-story L-shaped wood-frame house, with clapboard siding, a cross-gable roof configuration, and a brick foundation. Its front, facing north toward Oakwood Avenue, is three bays wide, with a single-story hip-roofed porch extending across most of its width, supported by turned columns. The gable at the center of the roof has a pointed window at its center. The house, built 1900–04, is noted for a particularly well-preserved interior, with original floors, porcelain kitchen sink, and etched glass pane in the front door. The property is owned by the Ocean View Historical Society.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.
# 1988–89 Courage Cornwall/Devon League

The Courage Cornwall/Devon League 1988–89 was the second full season of rugby union within the Cornwall/Devon League with six teams from Devon and five from Cornwall. Each team played one match against each of the other teams in the league, playing a total of ten matches with five at home and five away. Penryn, the champions, were promoted to the Courage Western Counties league for season 1989–90, Paignton and Exmouth relegated to Courage Devon One and Hayle relegated to Courage Cornwall One.

## Participating teams and locations

| Team | Ground | Capacity | City/Area | Previous season |
| Bideford | King George's Field | 2,000 | Bideford, Devon | 8th |
| Exeter Saracens | Exhibition Fields | | Whipton, Exeter, Devon | Promoted from Devon 1 (champions) |
| Exmouth | Imperial Recreation Ground | 1,250 | Exmouth, Devon | Runners up |
| Falmouth | Recreation Ground | 3,000 | Falmouth, Cornwall | 5th |
| Hayle | Memorial Park | | Hayle, Cornwall | 9th |
| Illogan Park | Illogan Park | | Illogan, Cornwall | Promoted from Cornwall 1 (champions) |
| Paignton | Queen's Park | 1,650 | Paignton, Devon | 6th |
| Penryn | Memorial Ground | 4,000 | Penryn, Cornwall | 3rd |
| Penzance-Newlyn | Mennaye Field | 4,000 | Penzance, Cornwall | 4th |
| Sidmouth | Blackmore Field | | Sidmouth, Devon | Relegated from Western Counties |
| Teignmouth | Bitton Sports Ground | 1,210 | Teignmouth, Devon | 7th |

## Table

1988–89 Courage Cornwall/Devon League table :
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Penryn (C) | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 261 | 64 | +197 | 18 | Promoted |
| 2 | Teignmouth | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 146 | 106 | +40 | 12 | |
| 3 | Falmouth | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 116 | 117 | −1 | 12 | |
| 4 | Sidmouth | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 104 | 123 | −19 | 12 | |
| 5 | Bideford | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 141 | 138 | +3 | 10 | |
| 6 | Illogan Park | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 84 | 105 | −21 | 10 | |
| 7 | Penzance–Newlyn | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 120 | 147 | −27 | 10 | |
| 8 | Exeter Saracens | 10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 81 | 123 | −42 | 10 | |
| 9 | Paignton | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 114 | 152 | −38 | 8 | Relegated |
| 10 | Exmouth | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 130 | 134 | −4 | 4 | Relegated |
| 11 | Hayle | 10 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 108 | 196 | −88 | 4 | Relegated |

## Sponsorship

The Cornwall/Devon League was part of the Courage Clubs Championship and was sponsored by Courage Brewery
# Rough Trade

Rough Trade may refer to:
* Rough Trade (shops), London record stores
* Rough Trade Records, a record label from the stores
* Rough Trade Books, a publishing house from the label
* Rough Trade (band), a Canadian new wave rock band
* "Rough Trade" (American Dad!), an episode of American Dad!
* Rough trade (slang), a gay slang term
* "Rough Trade", a song by Stephanie Mills from the album I've Got the Cure
# Boris Beizer

Boris Beizer (1934-2018) was an American software engineer and author. He received his B.S. degree in physics from the City College of New York in 1956, an MS in Electrical Engineering (1963) and a PhD in computer science from the University of Pennsylvania in 1966. He wrote many books and articles on topics such as system architecture and software testing. His books Software Testing Techniques and Software System Testing and Quality Assurance are frequently consulted references on the subject. He directed testing for the FAA's Weather Message Switching Center and several other large communications systems. He was a speaker at many testing conferences and was also known for his seminars on testing. He consulted on software testing and quality assurance with many organizations throughout the world.

## Personal life

Boris Beizer was born in Brussels, Belgium. He emigrated to the United States in May, 1941.

## List of publications (partial)

* Software Quality Reflections Essays, dialogues and poems, 2000
* Black-box testing: techniques for functional testing of software and systems (1995) ISBN 0-471-12094-4; Japanese edition, Nikei
* The frozen keyboard: living with bad software (1988) ISBN 0-8306-3146-1
* Personal computer quality: a guide for victims and vendors (1986) ISBN 0-442-20992-4
* Software system testing and quality assurance (1984) ISBN 0-44221-306-9
* Software testing techniques (1983) ISBN 0-442-20672-0; expanded Second edition 1990; Japanese Edition Nikei
* Micro-analysis of computer system performance (1978) ISBN 0-442-20663-1; Russian Edition
* Communications Processor System (1977) with Kenneth Hagstrom
* The architecture and engineering of digital computer complexes, Volume 1 (1971), Volume 2; Polish and Russian Editions
* Engineering applications of Boolean algebra (1958) with Stephen W. Leibholz
Novels under pseudonym Ethan I. Shedley
* Earth Ship and Star Song. Viking. 1979. ISBN 0670287202.
* The Medusa Conspiracy. Viking. 1980. ISBN 0670465712.
# Palm IIIc

The Palm IIIc was the first color PDA made by Palm, Inc., released in February 2000 for $449USD. It ran Palm OS 3.5, the first Palm OS version to have native color support and supported paletted 8-bit color modes. Using the Palm OS Upgrade Install CD, the Palm IIIc could be updated to Palm OS 4.1. The machine has a TFT LCD that is bright indoors. The Palm IIIc features the classic III-series connector, 8MB of RAM and a 20MHz DragonBall EZI CPU. The unit also has a lithium ion rechargeable battery and a slightly modified version of the original Palm III chassis.
# Is Anybody Listening

Is Anybody Listening may refer to:
* Is Anybody Listening? (book), a 1952 book by William H. Whyte
* Is Anybody Listening?, a 1987 film directed by Saeed Akhtar Mirza
* "Is Anybody Listening?", an episode of Theodore Tugboat
In music:
* "Is Anybody Listening", a song by Brotha Lynch Hung and Doomsday Productions from The Plague
* "Is Anybody Listening", a song by Danity Kane from Welcome to the Dollhouse
* "Is Anybody Listening", a song by Forgiven Rival from This Is a War
* "Is Anybody Listening?", a song from The Ten Commandments: The Musical
# Papuacedrus

Papuacedrus papuana is a species in the conifer family Cupressaceae, the sole species in the genus Papuacedrus. Some botanists do not consider this species as forming a distinct genus, but include it in the related genus Libocedrus. It is native to New Guinea and to the Indonesian Province of Maluku.
It is usually a medium-sized to large evergreen tree 16–50 m tall, at high elevations only a shrub reaching up to 3 m). The foliage is borne in flat sprays, with the leaves scale-like, in opposite pairs, with facial and lateral pairs alternating; the lateral leaves are larger, 2–3 mm long on mature trees and up to 20 mm long on young trees, the facial leaves smaller, 1 mm on mature trees and up to 8 mm on young trees. The cones are 1–2 cm long, with four scales, a small, sterile basal pair, and a larger fertile pair; the fertile scales each bearing two winged seeds.
The species has two varieties, most readily distinguishable as young plants with juvenile leaves (the adult foliage being nearly indistinguishable):
* Papuacedrus papuana var. papuana (syn. Libocedrus papuana F.Muell., Libocedrus torricellensis Schltr., Papuacedrus torricellensis (Schltr.) H.L.Li). New Guinea, east of 138°E longitude; 620–3,800 m elevation. Juvenile leaves with a spreading, hook-like apex.
* Papuacedrus papuana var. arfakensis (Gibbs) R.J.Johns (syn. Libocedrus arfakensis Gibbs, Papuacedrus arfakensis (Gibbs) H.L.Li). New Guinea, west of 138°E longitude, Moluccas; 700–2,400 m elevation. Juvenile leaves not spreading, the apex not free from the shoot.
A fossil species, Papuacedrus prechilensis, is known from the Eocene of Argentina.
# Polder tensor

The Polder tensor is a tensor introduced by Dirk Polder for the description of magnetic permeability of ferrites. The tensor notation needs to be used because ferrimagnetic material becomes anisotropic in the presence of a magnetizing field.
The tensor is described mathematically as:
       $B={\begin{bmatrix}\mu &j\kappa &0\\-j\kappa &\mu &0\\0&0&\mu _{0}\end{bmatrix}}H$
Neglecting the effects of damping, the components of the tensor are given by
    $\mu =\mu _{0}\left(1+{\frac {\omega _{0}\omega _{m}}{\omega _{0}^{2}-\omega ^{2}}}\right)$
    $\kappa =\mu _{0}{\frac {\omega \omega _{m}}{{\omega _{0}}^{2}-\omega ^{2}}}$
where
    $\omega _{0}=\gamma \mu _{0}H_{0}\$
    $\omega _{m}=\gamma \mu _{0}M\$
    $\omega =2\pi f$
$\gamma =1.11\times 10^{5}\cdot g\,\,$ (rad / s) / (A / m) is the effective gyromagnetic ratio and $g$, the so-called effective g-factor (physics), is a ferrite material constant typically in the range of 1.5 - 2.6, depending on the particular ferrite material. $f$ is the frequency of the RF/microwave signal propagating through the ferrite, $H_{0}$ is the internal magnetic bias field, $M$ is the magnetization of the ferrite material and $\mu _{0}$ is the magnetic permeability of free space.
To simplify computations, the radian frequencies of $\omega _{0},\,\omega _{m},\,$ and $\omega$ can be replaced with frequencies (Hz) in the equations for $\mu$ and $\kappa$ because the $2\pi$ factor cancels. In this case, $\gamma =1.76\times 10^{4}\cdot g\,\,$ Hz / (A / m) $=1.40\cdot g\,\,$ MHz / Oe. If CGS units are used, computations can be further simplified because the $\mu _{0}$ factor can be dropped.
# Pole balancing

Pole balancing may refer to:
* Perch (equilibristic)
* Inverted pendulum
# Pole baronets

There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Pole, one in the Baronetage of England, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Two of the creations are extant as of 2008.
* Pole Baronets of Shute House (1628)
* Pole Baronets of Wolverton (1791)
* Pole baronets of the Navy (1801): see Sir Charles Pole, 1st Baronet (1757–1830)
# Flatebygd

Flatebygd is a village in Evje og Hornnes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) northeast of the village of Evje and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the village of Åneland. The lake Høvringsvatnet and the village of Gautestad both lie about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northeast of the village.
# Flatey, Skjálfandi

Flatey (Icelandic pronunciation: ) is an island on Skjálfandi bay located about 8.7 kilometres (4+11⁄16 nautical miles) from Húsavík, in northern Iceland. Its name in Icelandic means "flat island"; its highest point is only about 22 metres (72 feet) above mean sea level, hence its name. It is 2.5 kilometres (1+1⁄2 miles) long and 1.7 kilometres (1+1⁄16 miles) wide. It is the fifth-largest island around Iceland. The Flateyjardalur coast and Flateyjardalsheiði valley are named after Flatey.

## History

People first settled on Flatey in early historic times, but it never had a large population. The highest number of inhabitants was reached in 1942, when there were 120 people. As other villages and cities nearby grew, it was very difficult for Flatey to compete with them and the inhabitants started to leave the island, with the last remaining resident leaving in 1967. Now it is only inhabited seasonally during summer when many tourists visit the island.
There are only a few buildings on the island, the most important of which are: a schoolhouse built in 1929, an ancient church shut down in 1884, a lighthouse built in 1913 and rebuilt in 1963 and a radiotelegraph built in 1931. The old church was replaced in 1960 by the church of Brettingsstaðir in Flateyjardalur, which was taken apart and moved out to Flatey.

## Environment

Skjálfandi bay is an excellent place for fishing, especially for cod and lumpfish, so it is from the sea that most inhabitants take their living. The soil is very fertile, so they also practice agriculture. The inhabitants are completely autonomous, and almost all they do is for their own consumption. Every house had a cow for milking and some sheep and hens.
One of the things that attract the most tourists is the great number of bird species to be found on the island. Thirty of the thirty-seven species of bird in Iceland are found there during the breeding season: puffins, terns, Eurasian whimbrels, and plovers are examples.
# Flaten (disambiguation)

Flaten may refer to:

## Places
### Norway

* Flaten, Norway, a village in the municipality of Åmli in Aust-Agder county, Norway
* Flaten Station, a railway station in the village of Flaten in Åmli municipality, Aust-Agder county, Norway

### Sweden

* Flaten, a lake in Stockholm, Sweden
* Flaten (district), a district in Stockholm, Sweden

## People

* Bertel Flaten (1900–1963), a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party
* Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (born 1971), a Norwegian jazz musician and bassist
* Torgunn Flaten, a Norwegian singer/songwriter
# Political killing

Political killing may refer to:
* Extrajudicial killing, the result of a political decision
* Politicide, killing based on the victim's political ideology
# Porush

Porush may refer to:

## People

* Menachem Porush (1916–2010), Israeli politician
* Meir Porush, Israeli politician
* Shlomo Zalman Porush, Belarusian rabbi
* Danny Porush, American businessman and stock fraudster

## Places

* Porush, Iran (disambiguation)
# Pascoea torricelliana

Pascoea torricelliana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1984.
# Pascon agan Arluth

The anonymous poem Pascon agan Arluth is the oldest complete literary work in the Cornish language, dating from the 14th century. The modern title (it is untitled in the oldest manuscript) means "The Passion of Our Lord", but the poem has also been published as Mount Calvary.

## Date, manuscripts and authorship

Pascon agan Arluth dates from the 14th century; it pre-dates the Ordinalia, a cycle of three verse plays on Biblical themes, and is therefore the earliest complete literary work in Cornish to have survived. The author's name is not known, but he may have been connected with Glasney College, at Penryn. More than a dozen manuscripts of the poem have been found, but all derive from BL Harleian 1782, a mid-15th century manuscript.

## Analysis

The Pascon deals with the last days of Jesus Christ, beginning with the temptation in the wilderness. Though it is in narrative form it also incorporates commentary on the story to explain its meaning. The main source of the poem is the Gospels, but it also draws on later legendary material such as can be found in the Historia scholastica of Petrus Comestor and the Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine. It consists of 259 stanzas, each of four rhyming couplets, and each line having seven syllables, stressed on the first, third, fifth and seventh syllables.

## Influence

Pascon agan Arluth was certainly known to the author of Passio Christi, one of the Middle Cornish mystery plays comprising the Ordinalia, as some of the poem's lines are incorporated in it. The modern Cornish poet Ken George was inspired by the Pascon to write Devedhyans Sen Pawl yn Bro Leon ("St. Paul comes to Leon") a poem about the journeys of St. Paul Aurelian, using the same metre as the older poem.

## Editions and translations

The Pascon was first edited by Davies Gilbert in 1826 under the title Mount Calvary; or the History of the Passion, Death, and Resurrection, of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ; he included an English translation by John Keigwin dating back to 1682. A better edition by Whitley Stokes appeared in 1860–1861, and another by Robert Morton Nance in 1934–1936, both with new English translations. More recently there have been editions by E. G. R. Hooper, by Goulven Pennaod (with English and Breton translations), and by Ray Edwards (with English translation).
# Pascoea undulata

Pascoea undulata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gressitt in 1984.
# Pascolizumab

Pascolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of asthma. A Phase II clinical trial in patients with symptomatic glucocorticoid naive asthma was conducted in 2001/2002. Development was discontinued as it showed little benefit.