# 1991 in spaceflight (July–December)

This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1991. For launches between January and June, see 1991 in spaceflight (January–June). For an overview of the whole year, see 1991 in spaceflight.

## Orbital launches

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →
| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | Launch site | LSP | LSP |
| Date and time (UTC) | | Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome |
| Remarks ||||||
| July ||||||||
| 1 July 21:53:00 | Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K / DM-2 | | Baikonur Site 200/39 | Baikonur Site 200/39 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 1 July 21:53:00 | | Gorizont-23 | MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 4 July 02:32:00 | Delta II (7925) | Delta II (7925) | | Cape Canaveral SLC-17A | Cape Canaveral SLC-17A | McDonnell Douglas | McDonnell Douglas |
| 4 July 02:32:00 | | USA-71 (GPS IIA-2) | US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful |
| 4 July 02:32:00 | | Losat-X | SDIO | Low Earth | Navigation | 15 November 1991 | Failure |
| Losat-X Command receiver failed nine days after launch ||||||
| 9 July 09:40 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 9 July 09:40 | | Kosmos 2152 (Zenit-8) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 23 July 1991 | Successful |
| 10 July 14:00 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Baikonur Site 31/6 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 10 July 14:00 | | Kosmos 2153 (Yantar-4KS1M) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 13 March 1992 | Successful |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | Ariane 4 (40) | Ariane 4 (40) | | Kourou ELA-2 | Kourou ELA-2 | Arianespace | Arianespace |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | | ERS-1 | ESA | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Remote sensing | In orbit | Successful |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | | Orbcomm-X | Orbcomm | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Failure |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | | SARA | ESIEESPACE | Low Earth | Astronomy / Amateur radio | In orbit | Successful |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | | Tubsat-A | TUB | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful |
| 17 July 01:46:31 | | UoSAT-5 | SSTL | Low Earth | Technology demonstration / Amateur radio | In orbit | Successful |
| Orbcomm-X Did not contact ground after separation from carrier rocket ||||||
| 17 July 17:33:53 | Pegasus / HAPS | Pegasus / HAPS | | NB-52, Edwards AFB | NB-52, Edwards AFB | Orbital Sciences | Orbital Sciences |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-1 (Microsat-1) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-2 (Microsat-2) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-3 (Microsat-3) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 24 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-4 (Microsat-4) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-5 (Microsat-5) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-6 (Microsat-6) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 25 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| 17 July 17:33:53 | | SCS-7 (Microsat-7) | DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 23 January 1992 | Partial failure |
| Placed in incorrect orbit due to staging error, most mission objectives still met ||||||
| 23 July 09:05:00 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 23 July 09:05:00 | | Resurs-F-12 | MOM | Low Earth | Remote sensing | 8 August 1991 | Successful |
| August ||||||||
| 1 August 11:53 | Molniya-M | Molniya-M | | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 1 August 11:53 | | Molniya-1-82 | MOM | Molniya | Communication | 9 October 2004 | Successful |
| 2 August 15:02:00 | Space Shuttle Discovery | Space Shuttle Discovery | | Kennedy LC-39A | Kennedy LC-39A | United Space Alliance | United Space Alliance |
| 2 August 15:02:00 | | STS-48 | NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 11 August 1991 | Successful |
| 2 August 15:02:00 | | TDRS-5 | NASA | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 14 August 23:15:13 | Ariane 4 (44L) | Ariane 4 (44L) | | Kourou ELA-2 | Kourou ELA-2 | Arianespace | Arianespace |
| 14 August 23:15:13 | | Intelsat 605 | Intelsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 15 August 09:14:59 | Tsyklon-3 | Tsyklon-3 | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 15 August 09:14:59 | | Meteor-3-5 | MOM | Low Earth | Weather | In orbit | Successful |
| 20 August 22:54:10 | Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz-U2 | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 20 August 22:54:10 | | Progress M-9 | MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 30 September 1991 | Successful |
| 21 August 10:50:00 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 21 August 10:50:00 | | Resurs-F-2 | MOM | Low Earth | Remote sensing | 20 September 1991 | Successful |
| 22 August 12:35:46 | Kosmos-3M | Kosmos-3M | | Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Plesetsk Site 132/1 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 22 August 12:35:46 | | Kosmos 2154 (Parus) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful |
| 25 August 08:40 | H-I | H-I | | Tanegashima LA-Y | Tanegashima LA-Y | NASDA | NASDA |
| 25 August 08:40 | | BS-3B | | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 29 August 06:48:43 | Vostok-2M | Vostok-2M | | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Baikonur Site 31/6 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 29 August 06:48:43 | | IRS-1B | ISRO | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Remote sensing | In orbit | Successful |
| Final flight of Vostok rocket ||||||
| 30 August 02:30 | Mu-3S-II | Mu-3S-II | | Kagoshima LA-M1 | Kagoshima LA-M1 | ISAS | ISAS |
| 30 August 02:30 | | Yohkoh (SOLAR-A) | ISAS | Low Earth | Solar research | 12 September 2005 | Successful |
| 30 August 08:58:01 | Zenit-2 | Zenit-2 | | Baikonur Site 45/1 | Baikonur Site 45/1 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 30 August 08:58:01 | | Tselina-2 | MO SSSR | Intended: Low Earth | ELINT | 30 August 1991 | Failure |
| Second stage overheated, resulting in explosion ||||||
| September ||||||||
| 12 September 23:11:04 | Space Shuttle Discovery | Space Shuttle Discovery | | Kennedy LC-39A | Kennedy LC-39A | United Space Alliance | United Space Alliance |
| 12 September 23:11:04 | | STS-48 | NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 18 September 1991 | Successful |
| 12 September 23:11:04 | | UARS | NASA | Low Earth | Atmospheric research | 23 September 2011 | Successful |
| 13 September 17:51:02 | Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K / DM-2 | | Baikonur Site 81/23 | Baikonur Site 81/23 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 13 September 17:51:02 | | Kosmos 2155 (Prognoz) | MOM | Geostationary | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful |
| 17 September 20:01:59 | Molniya-M | Molniya-M | | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 17 September 20:01:59 | | Molniya-3-48L | MOM | Molniya | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 19 September 16:20 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 19 September 16:20 | | Kosmos 2156 (Yantar-4K2) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 November 1991 | Successful |
| 26 September 23:43:00 | Ariane 4 (44P) | Ariane 4 (44P) | | Kourou ELA-2 | Kourou ELA-2 | Arianespace | Arianespace |
| 26 September 23:43:00 | | Anik E1 | Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | Tsyklon-3 | Tsyklon-3 | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2157 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2158 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2159 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2160 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2161 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 September 07:05 | | Kosmos 2162 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| October ||||||||
| 2 October 05:59:38 | Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz-U2 | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 2 October 05:59:38 | | Soyuz TM-13 | MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Manned orbital flight | 25 March 1992 | Successful |
| Last Soviet manned spaceflight ||||||
| 4 October 18:10:00 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 4 October 18:10:00 | | Foton-4 | MOM | Low Earth | Biological research | 20 October 1991 | Successful |
| 9 October 13:15 | Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz-U2 | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 9 October 13:15 | | Kosmos 2163 (Orlets) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 7 December 1991 | Successful |
| 10 October 14:00 | Kosmos-3M | Kosmos-3M | | Plesetsk Site 132/1 | Plesetsk Site 132/1 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 10 October 14:00 | | Kosmos 2164 (Taifun-1) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 12 December 1992 | Successful |
| 17 October 00:05:25 | Soyuz-U2 | Soyuz-U2 | | Baikonur Site 1/5 | Baikonur Site 1/5 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 17 October 00:05:25 | | Progress M-10 | MOM | Low Earth, docked to Mir | Resupply Mir | 20 January 1992 | Successful |
| 23 October 15:25:00 | Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K / DM-2 | | Baikonur Site 200/39 | Baikonur Site 200/39 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 23 October 15:25:00 | | Gorizont-24 | MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 29 October 23:08:08 | Ariane 4 (44L) | Ariane 4 (44L) | | Kourou ELA-2 | Kourou ELA-2 | Arianespace | Arianespace |
| 29 October 23:08:08 | | Intelsat 601 | Intelsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| November ||||||||
| 8 November 07:07 | Titan IVA (403A) | Titan IVA (403A) | | Vandenberg SLC-4E | Vandenberg SLC-4E | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 8 November 07:07 | | USA-72 (SLDCOM-2) | NRO | Medium Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 8 November 07:07 | | USA-74 (NOSS-2-2-A) | NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful |
| 8 November 07:07 | | USA-76 (NOSS-2-2-B) | NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful |
| 8 November 07:07 | | USA-77 (NOSS-2-2-C) | NRO | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | Tsyklon-3 | Tsyklon-3 | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2165 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2166 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2167 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2168 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2169 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 12 November 20:09 | | Kosmos 2170 (Strela-3) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 20 November 19:15 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 20 November 19:15 | | Kosmos 2171 (Yantar-4K2) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 January 1992 | Successful |
| 22 November 13:27:00 | Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K / DM-2 | | Baikonur Site 81/23 | Baikonur Site 81/23 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 22 November 13:27:00 | | Kosmos 2172 (Potok) | MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 24 November 23:44:00 | Space Shuttle Atlantis | Space Shuttle Atlantis | | Kennedy LC-39A | Kennedy LC-39A | United Space Alliance | United Space Alliance |
| 24 November 23:44:00 | | STS-44 | NASA | Low Earth | Manned orbital flight | 1 December 1991 | Successful |
| 24 November 23:44:00 | | DSP-16 | US Air Force | Low Earth | Missile defence | In orbit | Successful |
| 27 November 03:30:26 | Kosmos-3M | Kosmos-3M | | Plesetsk Site 133/3 | Plesetsk Site 133/3 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 27 November 03:30:26 | | Kosmos 2173 (Parus) | MO SSSR | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful |
| 28 November 13:23 | Atlas-E | Atlas-E | | Vandenberg SLC-3W | Vandenberg SLC-3W | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 28 November 13:23 | | USA-73 (DMSP-11) | US Air Force | Low Earth (Sun-synchronous) | Weather | In orbit | Successful |
| December ||||||||
| 7 December 22:47 | Atlas II | Atlas II | | Cape Canaveral LC-36B | Cape Canaveral LC-36B | General Dynamics | General Dynamics |
| 7 December 22:47 | | Eutelsat 2F3 | Eutelsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 16 December 23:19:48 | Ariane 4 (44L) | Ariane 4 (44L) | | Kourou ELA-2 | Kourou ELA-2 | Arianespace | Arianespace |
| 16 December 23:19:48 | | Inmarsat 2F3 | Inmarsat | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 16 December 23:19:48 | | Télécom 2A | France Télécom | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| 17 December 11:00 | Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Baikonur Site 31/6 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 17 December 11:00 | | Kosmos 2174 (Yantar-1KFT) | MOM | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 30 January 1992 | Successful |
| 18 December 03:54:00 | Tsyklon-3 | Tsyklon-3 | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 18 December 03:54:00 | | Interkosmos-25 | MOM | Medium Earth | Plasma research | In orbit | Successful |
| 18 December 03:54:00 | | Maigon-3 | | Medium Earth | Magnetosphere research | In orbit | Successful |
| Released from Interkosmos-25 on 28 December 1991 ||||||
| 19 December 11:41:00 | Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K / DM-2 | | Baikonur Site 81/23 | Baikonur Site 81/23 | RVSN | RVSN |
| 19 December 11:41:00 | | Raduga-28 | MOM | Geostationary | Communication | In orbit | Successful |
| Last Soviet orbital launch ||||||
| 28 December 12:00 | Long March 3 | Long March 3 | | Xichang LA-1 | Xichang LA-1 | CALT | CALT |
| 28 December 12:00 | | Chinasat-4 | Chinasat | Intended: Geosynchronous Achieved: Geostationary transfer | Communication | In orbit | Partial failure |
| Third stage failed to ignite ||||||
* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →

## Suborbital launches

* ← Jan
* Feb
* Mar
* Apr
* May
* Jun
* Jul
* Aug
* Sep
* Oct
* Nov
* Dec →
| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | Launch site | LSP | LSP |
| Date and time (UTC) | | Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome |
| Remarks ||||||
| July-September ||||||||
| 2 July | Minuteman III | Minuteman III | | Vandenberg LF-10 | Vandenberg LF-10 | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 2 July | | GT-143GM | US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 2 July 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ||||||
| 11 July 17:25 | Black Brant IX | Black Brant IX | | White Sands LC-36 | White Sands LC-36 | NASA | NASA |
| 11 July 17:25 | | | NASA | Sub-orbital | Solar Ultraviolet Astronomy | 11 July 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi) ||||||
| 26 July | 79M6 Kontakt | 79M6 Kontakt | | MiG-31D, near the Lake Balkhash | MiG-31D, near the Lake Balkhash | | |
| 26 July | | | | Suborbital | ASAT missile test | 26 July | |
| Apogee: about 200 km ||||||
| 29 July | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | | USS Pennsylvania, ETR | USS Pennsylvania, ETR | US Navy | US Navy |
| 29 July | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful |
| 29 July | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful |
| 29 July | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful |
| 29 July | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 29 July 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| July | Hwasong-6 | Hwasong-6 | | Chiha-ri | Chiha-ri | DPRK | DPRK |
| July | | | DPRK | Sub-orbital | Missile test | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi) ||||||
| July | MR-20 | MR-20 | | RV Professor Zubov, Caribbean | RV Professor Zubov, Caribbean | MO SSSR | MO SSSR |
| July | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| July | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| July | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| July | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) ||||||
| 1 August 01:40:00 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Esrange | Esrange | DLR | DLR |
| 1 August 01:40:00 | | TURBO-B | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) ||||||
| 1 August 01:54:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 1 August 01:54:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 111 kilometres (69 mi) ||||||
| 1 August 02:03:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 1 August 02:03:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi) ||||||
| 1 August 02:39:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 1 August 02:39:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi) ||||||
| 1 August 02:24:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 1 August 02:24:00 | | PMSE | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 1 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) ||||||
| 5 August 23:32:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 5 August 23:32:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 5 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 22:53:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 9 August 22:53:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 22:39:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 9 August 22:39:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Failure |
| Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 23:30:20 | Black Brant VB | Black Brant VB | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 9 August 23:30:20 | | EFIELD-A | NASA | Sub-orbital | Ionosphere | 9 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 23:15:00 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Esrange | Esrange | DLR | DLR |
| 9 August 23:15:00 | | TURBO-A | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 23:15:15 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Esrange | Esrange | SSC | SSC |
| 9 August 23:15:15 | | DECIMALS-A | SSC | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) ||||||
| 9 August 23:40:00 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 9 August 23:40:00 | | PEP-A | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 9 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) ||||||
| 10 August 00:06:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 10 August 00:06:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 101 kilometres (63 mi) ||||||
| 10 August 00:24:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | DLR | DLR |
| 10 August 00:24:00 | | PMSE | | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) ||||||
| 10 August 01:37:00 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Esrange | Esrange | SSC | SSC |
| 10 August 01:37:00 | | DECIMALS-B | SSC | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi) ||||||
| 10 August 01:42:00 | Viper 3A | Viper 3A | | Esrange | Esrange | NASA | NASA |
| 10 August 01:42:00 | | PMSE | NASA | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 10 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) ||||||
| 15 August 12:05 | UR-100NU | UR-100NU | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 15 August 12:05 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 15 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 19 August 22:55 | RT-2PM Topol | RT-2PM Topol | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 19 August 22:55 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 19 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 20 August 09:45:48 | Aries | Aries | | Cape Canaveral LC-20 | Cape Canaveral LC-20 | BMDO | BMDO |
| 20 August 09:45:48 | | | BMDO | Sub-orbital | Target | 20 August 1991 | Failure |
| Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) ||||||
| 30 August | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | | USS Kentucky, ETR | USS Kentucky, ETR | US Navy | US Navy |
| 30 August | | DASO-7 | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 30 August 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| August | MR-20 | MR-20 | | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | MO SSSR | MO SSSR |
| August | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| August | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| August | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| August | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) ||||||
| 3 September | Minuteman III | Minuteman III | | Vandenberg LF-04 | Vandenberg LF-04 | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 3 September | | GT-145GM | US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 3 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ||||||
| 4 September 05:50 | Talos-Castor | Talos-Castor | | Barking Sands | Barking Sands | Sandia | Sandia |
| 4 September 05:50 | | | Sandia | Sub-orbital | Tungsten dust release | 4 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi) ||||||
| 6 September 21:50 | Black Brant 8C | Black Brant 8C | | White Sands | White Sands | NASA | NASA |
| 6 September 21:50 | | | NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi) ||||||
| 12 September 05:41 | Talos-Castor | Talos-Castor | | Barking Sands | Barking Sands | Sandia | Sandia |
| 12 September 05:41 | | | Sandia | Sub-orbital | Target | 12 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 330 kilometres (210 mi) ||||||
| 12 September 12:45 | R-36MUTTH (SS-18 Mod 4) | R-36MUTTH (SS-18 Mod 4) | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 12 September 12:45 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 12 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 15 September 23:00 | TR-1A | TR-1A | | Tanegashima | Tanegashima | NASDA | NASDA |
| 15 September 23:00 | | | NASDA | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 15 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 270 kilometres (170 mi) ||||||
| 17 September 10:20 | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 17 September 10:20 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 17 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 17 September 23:43 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 17 September 23:43 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 17 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| 17 September | LGM-118 Peacekeeper | LGM-118 Peacekeeper | | Vandenberg LF-02 | Vandenberg LF-02 | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 17 September | | | US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 17 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 20 September 20:48 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 20 September 20:48 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 20 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| 20 September 22:40 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 20 September 22:40 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 20 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| 30 September 20:55:15 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 30 September 20:55:15 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 30 September 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| September | MR-20 | MR-20 | | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | MO SSSR | MO SSSR |
| September | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| September | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| September | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| September | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) ||||||
| October-December ||||||||
| 2 October 15:50 | RT-2PM Topol | RT-2PM Topol | | Plesetsk | Plesetsk | RVSN | RVSN |
| 2 October 15:50 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 2 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 3 October 22:27:30 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 3 October 22:27:30 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 3 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| 4 October 00:08 | Nike Orion | Nike Orion | | Andøya | Andøya | DLR | DLR |
| 4 October 00:08 | | Turbo-Metal | DLR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | 4 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) ||||||
| 10 October 11:05 | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 10 October 11:05 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Missile test | 10 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 14 October 10:17:20 | Aries | Aries | | Cape Canaveral LC-20 | Cape Canaveral LC-20 | BMDO | BMDO |
| 14 October 10:17:20 | | | BMDO | Sub-orbital | Target | 14 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 320 kilometres (200 mi) ||||||
| 30 October | Jericho I | Jericho I | | Negev Desert | Negev Desert | IDF | IDF |
| 30 October | | | IDF | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 30 October 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) ||||||
| October | MR-20 | MR-20 | | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | Professor Zubov, Caribbean | MO SSSR | MO SSSR |
| October | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| October | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| October | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| October | | | MO SSSR | Sub-orbital | Aeronomy | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) ||||||
| 4 November | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | | USS Kentucky, ETR | USS Kentucky, ETR | US Navy | US Navy |
| 4 November | | DASO-8 | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 4 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 11 November 10:19 | Minuteman III | Minuteman III | | Vandenberg LF-09 | Vandenberg LF-09 | US Air Force | US Air Force |
| 11 November 10:19 | | GT-146GM | US Air Force | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) ||||||
| 11 November | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | UGM-133 Trident II (Trident D-5) | | USS Pennsylvania, ETR | USS Pennsylvania, ETR | US Navy | US Navy |
| 11 November | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful |
| 11 November | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful |
| 11 November | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful |
| 11 November | | CET | US Navy | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 11 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 16 November 15:30 | Black Brant 9CM1 | Black Brant 9CM1 | | White Sands LC-36 | White Sands LC-36 | SSI | SSI |
| 16 November 15:30 | | CONSORT-4 | SSI | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 16 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 298 kilometres (185 mi) ||||||
| 20 November 08:05 | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 20 November 08:05 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 20 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 23 November 09:40 | Skylark 7 | Skylark 7 | | Esrange LA-S | Esrange LA-S | MBB | MBB |
| 23 November 09:40 | | TEXUS-28 | MBB | Sub-orbital | Microgravity | 23 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 239 kilometres (149 mi) ||||||
| 26 November 02:30 | UR-100NU | UR-100NU | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 26 November 02:30 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Test spacecraft | 26 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 28 November 07:10 | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | R-36M2 Voevoda (SS-18 Mod 5) | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 28 November 07:10 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | 28 November 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| 6 December 00:54 | Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk | Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk | | Wallops Island | Wallops Island | NASA | NASA |
| 6 December 00:54 | | RED AIR 2 | NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 December 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi) ||||||
| 6 December 01:19 | Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk | Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk | | NASA | NASA | Wallops Island | Wallops Island |
| 6 December 01:19 | | RED AIR 2 | NASA | Sub-orbital | Plasma research | 6 December 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi) ||||||
| 20 December 21:31 | Rokot | Rokot | | Baikonur | Baikonur | RVSN | RVSN |
| 20 December 21:31 | | | RVSN | Sub-orbital | Test spacecraft | 20 December 1991 | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| December | Volna | Volna | | Submarine | Submarine | VMF | VMF |
| December | | | VMF | Sub-orbital | Operational test flight | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) ||||||
| December | Zyb | Zyb | | Submarine | Submarine | VMF | VMF |
| December | | Sprint | VMF | Sub-orbital | Technology demonstration | Within an hour of launch | Successful |
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) ||||||
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