OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PingER Project

PingER, an acronym for Ping End-to-end Reporting, measures round-trip travel time of a packet of data between two nodes on the Internet. The PingER' Project uses a simple tool—the ping command—to get valuable insights into performance of the Internet backbone.
High energy particle physicists began the project in 1995, because they needed to access large amounts of data at laboratories sometimes as far away as across an ocean. They needed to know how the Internet was performing, identify problems, and apply solutions. At U.S.Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, PingER let researcher Les Cottrell "keep tabs on how parts of the network were performing and root out any problems." PingER is one of several collaborative projects having measurement infrastructures for monitoring Internet Traffic.

## How PingER works

Using the ping command, monitoring nodes initiate transmissions to remote nodes, then measure and record the response times, or the lack of responses.
Each combination of monitoring node-remote node is called a pair. PingER is easy to implement, because little special software must be installed to make measurements. Almost any networked computer will respond to a ping, and require nothing added. Monitoring nodes require only a script to issue ping commands and record results. In September 1999 there were 1977 pairs, consisting of 511 remote nodes in 54 countries.
PingER uses the data to determine latency (round-trip_time), jitter (variability of round-trip_time), and loss (percentage of packets that never return). The results of the PingER Project, including source code, are made available to the public at no cost. This collection of data shows long term world-wide Internet performance trends, covering over 750 sites in over 165 countries. Researchers at the National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan, have been dealing with increasingly large amounts of PingER data by using a relational database. From a vantage point between Europe and Africa, researchers at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Italy used PingER to reveal the slow progress of improving Africa's connections to the rest of the world.

## Poor results for Africa

Analysis of some of the PingER data reveal that:
* Africa's internet was lagging 16 years behind Europe in 2009.
* The World Soccer Cup in South Africa in 2010 led to new submarine cables, resulting in much shorter return times.
* Angola, Zimbabia, Tanzania, Uganda have shown improvements as they converted from satellite to terrestrial links.
# Finn the Half-Great

Finn the Half-Great (2009) is a fiction novel written by Canadian author and columnist Theo Caldwell. The book is published by Tundra Books in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

## Plot

The story takes place in Ireland and revolves around the story of Fionn mac Cumhaill, commonly known as Finn McCool in Irish folklore. It also includes elements from Norse, Japanese and English mythology.

## Reception

The novel, aimed at a young audience aged 10 and over, was included in the Toronto Star's Holiday Reads of 2009. Quill & Quire, which published a review of the book, called it "a quest fantasy with moments of humour and high emotion, epic battles and daring deeds", however it was also described as "half-great" by the School Library Journal.
Theo Caldwell has stated his intention to publish a second novel, Finn the half-Great and the Death of Gogmagog, as part of a five-book series.
# Niger at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Niger competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August. A team of 1 athlete was announced in preparation for the competition.

## Team selection
### Track and road events

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| 400 metres | Moumouni Kimba | |
# Anisolepis longicauda

Anisolepis longicauda is a species of lizard in the family Leiosauridae. It is native to Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.
# Anisolabis mauiensis

Anisolabis mauiensis is a species of earwig in the genus Anisolabis, the family Anisolabididae, and the order Dermaptera.
# Anisopodus costaricensis

Anisopodus costaricensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae that was described by Lara & Shenefelt in 1964.
# Kłodzino

Kłodzino may refer to the following places:
* Kłodzino, Kamień County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Kłodzino, Pyrzyce County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Kłodzino, Szczecinek County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
* Kłodzino, Świdwin County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
# Kyösti Haataja

Kyösti Haataja (19 February 1881 – 10 August 1956) was a twentieth century Finnish politician, born in Oulu. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1916 to 1919 and again from 1929 to 1930.
He was a member of the National Coalition Party and was the chairman of the party between 1926 and 1932 following Hugo Suolahti. He died in Helsinki, aged 75.
# Kyudo Nakagawa

Kyudo Nakagawa (中川 球童, February 12, 1927—December 29, 2007), or Nakagawa Kyūdō, was a Japanese-born Rinzai rōshi who for many years led Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. in Manhattan's Lower East Side.

## Biography

A Dharma heir of the late Soen Nakagawa—who is of no familial relation—Kyudo first became a Zen monk at age eight. He undertook Buddhist studies at Japan's renowned Komazawa University and entered Gukei-ji. Then, at age thirty, Kyudo entered Ryūtaku-ji temple and trained under Soen Nakagawa. In 1968 he moved to Jerusalem to lead a center Soen had opened in Israel called Kibutsu-ji, where he stayed on for thirteen years. Kyudo then returned to Ryūtaku-ji briefly and moved to New York City, where he led the Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. He also made occasional trips to England now and then to lead the London Zen Society.
After Soen Roshi's death in 1984, Sochu Suzuki Roshi became abbot of Ryūtaku-ji. When Sochu Roshi died in 1990, Kyudo became abbot of Ryūtaku-ji. He died on December 29, 2007, at the age of eighty. The Soho Zen Buddhist Society, Inc. in Manhattan closed its practice center, the Soho Zendo at 464 West Broadway, following Kyudo's death. Among others, he trained Lawrence Shainberg, author of Ambivalent Zen, which discusses Kyudo's teachings and provides an intimate portrait of this Zen master.
# The Lighthouse in Westkapelle

The Lighthouse at Westkapelle is a painting by the Dutch artist Piet Mondrian in the Kunstmuseum Den Haag.
The painting shows the Lighthouse at Westkapelle also called, in Dutch, the Westkapelle Hoog. During holidays in Zeeland, Mondrian made five drawings and paintings of this lightouse. As he did earlier with drawings of the movement of the river Gein, Mondrian investigated the possibilities of different media: from very detailed to very impressionistic. This version from 1908 is the most abstract, giving the appearance of having been completed in a few brief brushstrokes. In reality, Mondrian painted it over a longer period, possibly also after his return after holidays to Amsterdam. After his second stay in Zeeland, he indicated in a letter to the violinist Aletta de Iong aan ‘to make a little progress with some things from Zeeland, which I make entirely to my liking’.

## Attribution and provenance

The work is signed at the bottom left with ‘P. MONDRIAAN’. It arrived in the collection of the Kunstmuseum in 1971, a bequest from the collector Sal Slijper.
# Kutruva Nayanar

Kutruva Nayanar, also known as Kootruva , Kutruva, Kutruvar, Kootruvar, Kurruva Nayanar, Kurruvar, Kurruvan, Kutruvanar, Kurrrruvar and Kalappalar, was a chieftain of Kalandai and a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the 39th in the list of 63 Nayanars. Kutruva is often described as a Jain, who became a devotee of Shiva, the patron god of Shaivism.

## Life

The life of Kutruva Nayanar is described in the Tamil Periya Puranam by Sekkizhar (12th century), which is a hagiography of the 63 Nayanars. His name "Kutruva" means the "God of death" in Tamil.
The Periya Puranam narrates that Kutruva was the chieftain of Kalandai (Kalantai). He was from the Kalabhras community. He is described a devotee of Shiva. He defeated many kings and chieftains in war and acquired their wealth and territories in Pandya and Chola kingdoms. Kutruva had acquired extensive lands and wealth through his campaigns, but lacking a formal title was still technically a chieftain, with no legal basis to rule his de facto domain. He requested the priests (Brahmins) of Chidambaram temple of Thillai. The Brahmins who owed allegiance to the Chola kings and crowned the Cholas, refused and fled to Malai Nadu (modern-day Kerala) under the protection of the Chera king. Kutruva approached Nataraja, the presiding form of Shiva of Chidambaram temple, to crown him with keeping his foot over Kutruva's head. Nataraja appeared in Kutruva's dream and complied, giving him the divine authority to rule. He continued to worship Shiva and gave patronage to the god's temple. He ultimately reached Kailash, Shiva's abode after death.
While the Periya Puranam does not explicitly describe as a Jain, Kutruva Nayanar is often described as a Jain. The refusal of the Hindu priests of Chidambaram to crown a Jain monarch is explained. According to some theories, he was a Kalabhra chieftain, who were chiefly Jains. His title, Kalappalar (king of Kalappal) is used to identify him as member of the Kalappalar clan, who are in turn identified with Kalabharas. His home-town Kalandai identified with modern-day Kalappal, Thiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Other theories identify Kalandai as Kalattur, in the ancient region of Tondai Nadu. Another suggestion identifies it as Peria Kalandai, Coimbatore district where the Adityesvara Shiva temple built by the Chola king Aditya I (c. 871 – c. 907 CE) stands.

## Remembrance

One of the most prominent Nayanars, Sundarar (8th century) venerates Kutruva Nayanar (called Kurran in the hymn) in the Tiruthonda Thogai, a hymn to Nayanar saints. He is described as the prince of Kalandai, who wields a spear.
Kutruva Nayanar is worshipped on the Poornima (full moon day) of the Tamil month of Adi. He is depicted as a king with a crown, folded hands (see Anjali mudra) and sometimes a sword in the crook of his arm. He receives collective worship as part of the 63 Nayanars. Their icons and brief accounts of his deeds are found in many Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu. Their images are taken out in procession in festivals.
# 1988 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament

The 1988 Big Sky Conference men's basketball tournament was the thirteenth edition, held March 9–12 at Brick Breeden Fieldhouse at Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana.
Regular season champion Boise State defeated defending tournament champion and host Montana State in the championship game, 63–61, to clinch their second Big Sky tournament. BSU had won the first conference tournament twelve years earlier.

## Format

The Big Sky added Eastern Washington in the summer of 1987 to bring total conference membership to nine, but the last-place Eagles were ineligible for the postseason due to recruiting violations.
In the two previous conference tournaments, teams from the lower half of the standings won the title and were seeded sixteenth (last) in the West regional of the NCAA tournament. Montana State won in 1986 after tying for sixth in the standings. The next year, the top three seeds were upset in the first round (quarterfinals), and seventh-seed Idaho State won the title. The Bengals (15–15) met top-ranked UNLV (33–1) in the first round in Salt Lake City and were routed.
The Big Sky implemented a few changes to the bracket structure to reward regular season play. The top two teams in the league standings were given byes into the semifinal round, while the next two began play in the quarterfinals on Thursday. The remaining four teams (seeds 5–8) played an additional game on Wednesday; four victories in as many days were now required for a lower-half team to win the title.
The top four seeds advanced to the semifinals, and the tournament was won by the top-seed.

## Bracket

| First round Wednesday, March 9 | First round Wednesday, March 9 | First round Wednesday, March 9 | Quarterfinals Thursday, March 10 | Quarterfinals Thursday, March 10 | Quarterfinals Thursday, March 10 | Semifinals Friday, March 11 | Semifinals Friday, March 11 | Semifinals Friday, March 11 | Championship Saturday, March 12 | Championship Saturday, March 12 | Championship Saturday, March 12 |
| | | | | | | 1 | Boise State | 87 | | | |
| 5 | Nevada | 93 | | | | 4 | Idaho State | 56 | | | |
| 8 | Weber State | 96 | 8 | Weber State | 57 | | | | | | |
| | | | 4 | Idaho State | 58 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | 1 | Boise State | 63 |
| | | | | | | | | | 3 | Montana State | 61 |
| | | | 3 | Montana State | 60 | | | | | | |
| 7 | Northern Arizona | 72 | 6 | Montana | 54 | | | | | | |
| 6 | Montana | 77 | | | | 3 | Montana State | 58 | | | |
| | | | | | | 2 | Idaho | 46 | | | |
    Source:

## NCAA tournament

Boise State (24–5) received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, and no other Big Sky members were invited to the tournament or the NIT. The Broncos were the fourteenth seed in the West region and gave third-seeded Michigan a scare in Salt Lake City, as the Wolverines' large lead eroded in the second half; Michigan prevailed by five points.
# 1988 Big Ten baseball tournament

The 1988 Big Ten Conference baseball tournament was held at Ray Fisher Stadium on the campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, from May 19 through 21. The top four teams from the regular season participated in the double-elimination tournament, the eighth annual tournament sponsored by the Big Ten Conference to determine the league champion. Minnesota won their third tournament championship and earned the Big Ten Conference's automatic bid to the 1988 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

## Format and seeding

The 1988 tournament was a 4-team double-elimination tournament, with seeds determined by conference regular season winning percentage only.
| Team | W | L | PCT | GB | Seed |
| Michigan | 20 | 8 | .714 | – | 1 |
| Minnesota | 17 | 11 | .607 | 3 | 2 |
| Michigan State | 16 | 12 | .571 | 4 | 3 |
| Ohio State | 16 | 12 | .571 | 4 | 4 |
| Wisconsin | 15 | 13 | .536 | 5 | – |
| Iowa | 14 | 14 | .500 | 6 | – |
| Illinois | 12 | 16 | .429 | 8 | – |
| Indiana | 11 | 17 | .393 | 6 | – |
| Northwestern | 11 | 17 | .393 | 6 | – |
| Purdue | 8 | 20 | .286 | 12 | – |

## Tournament

| Upper round 1 | Upper round 1 | Upper round 1 | Upper final | Upper final | Upper final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Michigan | 6 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Ohio State | 3 | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Ohio State | 3 | 1 | Michigan | 1 | | | | |
| | | | 3 | Michigan State | 4 | | | | |
| 2 | Minnesota | 5 | 3 | Michigan State | 4 | | | | |
| 3 | Michigan State | 10 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Michigan State | 10 | | | | 3 | Michigan State | 4 | 3 |
| | | | | | | 2 | Minnesota | 17 | 5 |
| Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower round 1 | Lower final | Lower final | Lower final | 2 | Minnesota | 17 | 5 |
| | | | 1 | Michigan | 2 | | | | |
| 4 | Ohio State | 2 | 3 | Minnesota | 4 | | | | |
| 2 | Minnesota | 6 | | | | | | | |

## All-Tournament Team

The following players were named to the All-Tournament Team.
| Pos | Name | School |
| P | Todd Krumm | Michigan State |
| P | Jim Abbott | Michigan |
| C | Dan Wilson | Minnesota |
| 1B | Paul Weinberg | Minnesota |
| 2B | Scott Meadows | Ohio State |
| SS | Kevin Dalson | Michigan State |
| 3B | Jeff Goergen | Minnesota |
| OF | Mike Davidson | Michigan State |
| OF | J. T. Bruett | Minnesota |
| OF | Vince Palyan | Minnesota |

### Most Outstanding Player

Vince Palyan was named Most Outstanding Player. Palyan was an outfielder for Minnesota.
# 1988 Bologna Open

The 1988 Bologna Open, also known as the Internazionali di Tennis '88, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Bologna, Italy that was part of the 1988 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was played from 6 June until 12 June 1988. Fifth-seeded Alberto Mancini won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Alberto Mancini defeated Emilio Sánchez 7–5, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$
* It was Mancini's first singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Emilio Sánchez / Javier Sánchez defeated Rolf Hertzog / Marc Walder 6–1, 7–6
# Ann Marks

Ann Marks MBE CPhys FInstP (24 July 1941 – 9 October 2016) was a British physics teacher and science communicator.

## Biography

Marks obtained a scholarship and studied at the University of Liverpool, receiving a BSc in physics in 1963. She also trained as a Qualified Teacher. She moved to Grenoble in 1987 to work on the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, before returning to England a few years later. Marks was heavily involved with volunteering for the Institute of Physics (IOP) Women in Physics Committee from 1995. Marks founded the UK Young Woman Physicist Award (now the Jocelyn Bell Burnell Medal and Prize) in 2007. She was also active with the European Platform of Women Scientists (EPWS) at a similar time.
She ran very successful workshops, with the aim of attracting young girls into science. Marks was awarded Membership of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), for "services to Physics" in 2007. Marks often published articles about the status of women in Physics in the United Kingdom. Some of her publications were co-authored with Gillian Gehring.

### Personal life

Marks was married to Neil Marks, with whom she shared the Phillips Award in 2013. She was also a Methodist lay preacher.

## Awards and honours

* Membership of the Order of the British Empire, MBE, for “services to Physics”, 2007
* Institute of Physics Phillips Award for distinguished service (jointly with Neil Marks), 2013
* University of Liverpool/Institute of Physics Ann Marks memorial lecture and prize named in her honour, started in 2017
# Nightingale (software)

Nightingale is a discontinued free, open source audio player based on the Songbird media player source code. As such, Nightingale's engine is based on the Mozilla XULRunner with libraries such as the GStreamer media framework and libtag providing media tagging and playback support, amongst others.
Since official support for Linux was dropped by Songbird in April 2010, Linux-using members of the Songbird community diverged and created the project. By contrast to Songbird, which is primarily licensed under the GPLv2 but includes artwork that is not freely distributable, Nightingale is free software, licensed under the GPLv2, with portions under the MPL and BSD licenses.
Nightingale has not seen a new release since 2014 and most, if not all, Nightingale developers are no longer actively contributing to its development.

## Notable features

* Plugins compatible with Songbird (with one modification to the addon)
* Multi-platform compatibility with Windows XP, Vista, 7, 10, Linux and Mac OS X v10.5 (x86, x86-64).
* Ability to play multiple audio formats, such as MP3, AAC, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, Apple Lossless and WMA
* Ability to play Apple FairPlay-encoded audio on Windows and Mac platforms via hooks into QuickTime (authorization takes place in iTunes)
* Ability to play Windows Media DRM audio on Windows platforms
* A skinnable interface, with skins called "feathers"
* Media files stored on pages viewed in the browser show up as playable files in Nightingale
* MP3 file download
* Ability to subscribe to MP3 blogs as playlists
* Ability to build custom mixes
* Ability to scan the user's computer for all audio files and add them to a local library
* A configurable and collapsible graphical user interface similar to iTunes, and mini-player mode
* Keyboard shortcuts and media keyboard support
* Last.fm integration via a plugin, complete with love/hate buttons
* Microsoft MTP compatible device support
* Ability to edit and save metadata tags
* Gapless playback and ReplayGain
* Watch folders
* Media import and export (from and to iTunes)
* Automatic Library Files Organization

## Add-ons
### Extensions

Users can add features and change functionality in Nightingale by installing extensions. Extensions are similar to the Extensions for the Firefox browser and can be easily ported. Community coded extensions are available on The Nightingale Addons Page Archived 2020-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.

### Skins

Skins are referred to as "feathers" in Nightingale, and give users and artists the ability to change the look of Nightingale via an extension which generates a default skin. Using CSS (and optionally XUL), and an image manipulation program such as Photoshop or GIMP, users are then able to make Nightingale look however they want.
# Nightingale Corona

Nightingale Corona is a corona found on the planet Venus. Latitude 63.6° North, Longitude 129.5° East. It has a diameter of 471 kilometers, and is the 35th largest corona on Venus.
It is named for Florence Nightingale, an English nurse. Coronae are conventionally named for goddesses: however, when it was first discovered it was thought to be a crater, and named accordingly. It was 1983 when it was closely observed by the radar imaging equipment aboard the Venera 15 and Venera 16 spacecraft, that its true nature became apparent.
Unlike the circular Aramaiti Corona, the Nightingale formation is more elliptical and irregular in shape.
# 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Men's 200 metres

The men's 200 metres event at the 1990 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held in Kelvin Hall on 3 and 4 March.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| Sandro Floris Italy | Nikolay Antonov Bulgaria | Bruno Marie-Rose France |

## Results
### Heats

First 2 from each heat (Q) qualified directly for the semifinals.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Nikolay Antonov | Bulgaria | 21.23 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Sandro Floris | Italy | 21.26 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Bruno Marie-Rose | France | 21.46 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Andy Carrott | Great Britain | 21.46 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Lars Pedersen | Denmark | 21.48 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | Clarence Callender | Great Britain | 21.49 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | Rodolphe Rosilette | France | 21.50 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | Carlo Occhiena | Italy | 21.54 | Q |
| 9 | 5 | Andreas Berger | Austria | 21.55 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | Anninos Marcoullides | Cyprus | 21.59 | Q |
| 11 | 1 | Luís Cunha | Portugal | 21.60 | |
| 12 | 4 | Michael Schwab | West Germany | 21.71 | |
| 13 | 2 | Franz Ratzenberger | Austria | 21.84 | |
| 14 | 1 | Giovanni Puggioni | Italy | 21.85 | |
| 15 | 3 | Pedro Curvelo | Portugal | 21.92 | |
| 16 | 2 | Gunnar Guðmundsson | Iceland | 22.38 | |
| | 3 | Andreas Linardatos | Greece | DNS | |

### Semifinals

First 2 from each semifinal (Q) and the next 1 fastest (q) qualified for the final.
| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | Nikolay Antonov | Bulgaria | 21.12 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Sandro Floris | Italy | 21.20 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Bruno Marie-Rose | France | 21.22 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Rodolphe Rosilette | France | 21.38 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Andy Carrott | Great Britain | 21.39 | q |
| 6 | 1 | Clarence Callender | Great Britain | 21.51 | |
| 7 | 1 | Carlo Occhiena | Italy | 21.62 | |
| 7 | 2 | Lars Pedersen | Denmark | 21.62 | |
| 9 | 1 | Andreas Berger | Austria | 21.74 | |
| 10 | 2 | Anninos Marcoullides | Cyprus | 21.77 | |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 3 | Sandro Floris | Italy | 21.01 |
| | 2 | Nikolay Antonov | Bulgaria | 21.04 |
| | 1 | Bruno Marie-Rose | France | 21.28 |
| 4 | 4 | Rodolphe Rosilette | France | 21.34 |
| 5 | 5 | Andy Carrott | Great Britain | 21.54 |