OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rachel Bespaloff

Rachel Bespaloff (1895–1949) was a Ukrainian-French philosopher.

## Life

Rachel Bespaloff came from a Jewish family: her father was the Zionist writer and activist Daniel Pasmanik. A disciple of Lev Shestov, Bespaloff took an increasingly critical distance from Shestov throughout the 1930s. She was one of the first French readers of Heidegger, and wrote on Kierkegaard, Gabriel Marcel, André Malraux, and Julien Green. In 1942 she left France for the United States, working for the French section of the Office of War Information before teaching French at Mount Holyoke College. She committed suicide in 1949.
Bespaloff's correspondence with Gabriel Marcel, Daniel Halévy, Boris de Schloezer, Jean-Paul Sartre and Jean Wahl has been posthumously published.

## Works

* 'Sur la répétition chez Kierkegaard', Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etranger (May–June 1934)
* Cheminements et carrefours: Julien Green, André Malraux, Gabriel Marcel, Kierkegaard, Chestov devant Nietzsche, 1938.
* 'Notes sur les Etudes kierkegaardiennes de Jean Wahl', Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etranger (June–July 1939), pp. 301–23.
* 'The Twofold Relationship', Contemporary Jewish Record, 6: 3 (June 1943), pp. 244–53.
* On the Iliad. Translated by Mary McCarthy, with an introduction by Hermann Broch. Pantheon Books. The Bollingen Series IX, Washington, 1947.
* 'L'instant et la liberte chez Montaigne', Deucalion 3 (1950), pp.
* Le monde du condamné à mort, Esprit, January 1950. Translated as 'The World of the Man Condemned to Death', in Germaine Brée, ed., Camus: A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice-Hall, 1962.
* 'Lettres au R. P. Gaston Fessard', Deucalion 5 (1955), pp. 65–107.
* Lettres à Jean Wahl, 1937-1947: Sur le fond le plus déchiqueté de l'histoire, ed. Monique Jutrin. Paris: Claire Paulhan, 2003.
# 1976 in Belgium

Events in the year 1976 in Belgium.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Baudouin
* Prime Minister: Leo Tindemans

## Events

* 3 January – Flooding in Ruisbroek.
* April – World Environment and Resources Council conference in Brussels.
* 16 May – Niki Lauda wins the 1976 Belgian Grand Prix at Circuit Zolder
* 22 June to 8 July – Longest heatwave recorded in Belgium, with 16 days of temperatures over 30°C.
* 8 July – European People's Party founded in Brussels
* 20 September – Brussels Metro opens.
* 10 October – Municipal elections confirm the fusion of the Belgian municipalities, reducing the number of local governments from 2,359 to 589.

## Publications

* OECD, Economic Surveys: Belgium–Luxembourg.
* Jonathan E. Helmreich, Belgium and Europe: A Study in Small Power Diplomacy (The Hague, Mouton)

## Art and architecture
### Buildings

* Astro Tower, Brussels, completed.

## Births

* 18 January – Laurence Courtois, tennis player
* 29 January – Belle Perez, singer
* 27 February – Ludovic Capelle, cyclist
* 3 March – Joos Valgaeren, footballer
* 4 March – Regi Penxten, DJ
* 11 June – Gaëtan Englebert, footballer
* 17 June – Sven Nys, cyclist
* 10 July – Wilfried Cretskens, cyclist
* 12 July – Dave Bruylandts, cyclist
* 26 August – Freya Piryns, politician
* 19 November – Benny Vansteelant, athlete (died 2007)
* 16 November – Mario Barravecchia, singer
* 4 December – Mbo Mpenza, footballer
* 7 December – Joris Vandenbroucke, politician
* 11 December – Timmy Simons, footballer

## Deaths

* 6 January – Henry George (born 1891), cyclist
* 28 January – Marcel Broodthaers (born 1924), artist
* 17 February – Jean Servais (born 1910), actor
* 16 March – Albert Lilar (born 1900), politician
* 13 April – Gustave Danneels (born 1913), cyclist
* 10 August – Fernand Dehousse (born 1906), politician
* 29 December – Ivo Van Damme (born 1954), athlete
# Retaliatory eviction

In American landlord–tenant law, a retaliatory eviction is a substantive defense and affirmative cause of action that can be used by a tenant against a landlord. If a tenant reports sanitary violations or violations of minimum housing standards, the landlord cannot evict the tenant in retaliation for reporting the poor housing conditions.

## History

Retaliatory eviction first appeared as a tenant's defense against eviction in Edwards v. Habib (1968), where a tenant was evicted after reporting sanitary code violations. The D.C. Circuit recognized that the eviction was unjustified because it was in retaliation for the reporting of violations.

## As a defense

The defense of retaliatory eviction was first recognized in the D.C. Circuit case Edwards v. Habib.

### West Virginia

In the case Imperial Colliery Co. v. Fout, the West Virginia Supreme Court reaffirmed that retaliatory eviction was a valid defense against eviction, but added the condition that the retaliation must be against a tenant's exercise of a right incidental to their tenancy. Therefore, a defense of retaliatory eviction did not exist for a tenant evicted after participating in a labor strike.

### California

1942.5 is the California Civil Code that establishes a renter's rights and defines a Retaliatory Eviction in the state of California.

## As a cause of action

Retaliatory eviction was first recognized as a cause of action in the California case Aweeka v. Bonds. The case recognized the inequity of forcing the tenant to wait until they were confronted with an unlawful detainer action to bring up retaliatory eviction as a defense.
# Black-sided robin

The black-sided robin (Poecilodryas hypoleuca), also known as the pied robin, is a species of bird in the family Petroicidae. It is widespread throughout New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words poikilos 'pied' and dryas 'dryad', and the species name hypoleuca is derived from the Ancient Greek hypoleukos, meaning 'whitish'. Sibley and Ahlquist's DNA-DNA hybridisation studies placed this group in a Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines including pardalotes, fairy-wrens, honeyeaters and crows. However, subsequent molecular research (and current consensus) places the robins as a very early offshoot of the Passerida (or "advanced" songbirds) within the songbird lineage.
Measuring 13 to 15 cm (5–6 in), the black-sided robin has black and white plumage. The upperparts including the crown, nape, back, wings and tail are black or brownish-black, as is its eye-stripe. It has white eyebrows, throat and underparts and a white patch on the wings. The bill is black, and the eyes are dark brown, and the legs grey or pink.
The black-sided robin is found across New Guinea from the Huon Peninsula west to the western limits of West Papua and West Papuan Islands, although is absent from the transfly region in the south. It inhabits predominantly lowland rainforests and swamp forests from sea level to 1200 m (4000 ft). Within the rainforest it is found singly or in pairs in the understory or on the ground. Shy, it is more often heard than seen. It is insectivorous, and hunts by gleaning and snatching insects from tree trunks and branches, and on the ground.
# Limnonectes mawlyndipi

Limnonectes mawlyndipi is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to India. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes. Its status is insufficiently known.
# 1995 New Zealand NBL season

The 1995 NBL season was the 14th season of the National Basketball League. Only one change occurred heading into the 1995 season, with 1994 Conference Basketball League (CBL) champions Northland joining the top-flight league for the first time. Thirteen teams competed in 1995, the most the league has fielded during a season in its history. Auckland won the championship in 1995 to claim their third league title.

## Final standings

| # | Team |
| | Auckland |
| | Hawke's Bay |
| 3 | Otago |
| 4 | Wellington |
| 5 | Hutt Valley |
| 6 | Canterbury |
| 7 | Nelson |
| 8 | Taranaki |
| 9 | Palmerston North |
| 10 | North Harbour |
| 11 | Waitakere |
| 12 | Waikato |
| 13 | Northland |

## Season awards

* NZ Most Valuable Player: Pero Cameron (Auckland)
* Most Outstanding Guard: Dylan Rigdon (Palmerston North)
* Most Outstanding NZ Guard: Ralph Lattimore (Auckland)
* Most Outstanding Forward: Kenny Stone (Auckland)
* Most Outstanding NZ Forward/Centre: Pero Cameron (Auckland)
* Scoring Champion: Dylan Rigdon (Palmerston North)
* Rebounding Champion: Jeff Smith (Northland)
* Assist Champion: Tony Brown (Hutt Valley)
* Rookie of the Year: Rob Tuilave (Palmerston North)
* Coach of the Year: Tab Baldwin (Auckland)
* All-Star Five:
** G: Leonard King (Otago)
** G: Dylan Rigdon (Palmerston North)
** F: Darryl Johnson (Hawke's Bay)
** F: Kenny Stone (Auckland)
** C: Pero Cameron (Auckland)
# Ricardo López Cepero

Ricardo López Cepero is a Puerto Rican politician and former mayor of Culebra. López is affiliated with the New Progressive Party (PNP) and served as mayor from 2011 to 2013.
# Gosnell

Gosnell may refer to:

## People

* Bert Gosnell (1880–1972), English international footballer
* Harold Foote Gosnell (1896–1997), American political scientist and author
* James Frederick Gosnell, mayor of London, Ontario, Canada
* Jim Gosnell (1899–1969), Australian rules footballer
* Joseph Gosnell (1936–2020), distinguished leader of the Nisga'a people of northern British Columbia, Canada
* Kermit Gosnell (born 1941), American doctor, abortion provider, and convicted murderer in Philadelphia
* Raja Gosnell (born 1958), American film director and editor
* Tom Gosnell (1951–2014), mayor of London, Ontario, Canada

## Other uses

* Gosnell, Arkansas - a city in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States
* Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer, a movie about Kermit Gosnell
* Gosnell School District
# François Dufour

François Dufour (born 18 February 1953) is a French politician and a member of Europe Écologie–The Greens.
He is co-founder and vice president of ATTAC France and was member of the Confédération paysanne led by José Bové. He was the second candidate on the Europe Écologie list in the North-West constituency for the 2009 European election. He was not elected Member of the European Parliament.
In 2009, he was selected to be Europe Écologie–The Greens' candidate in Lower Normandy for the 2010 regional elections.
# Orgies of Edo

Orgies of Edo (Japanese title: 残酷異常虐待物語 元禄女系図 (Zankoku Ijo Gyakutai Monogatari Genroku Jokeizu) lit. Brutality, Abnormality and Abuse: A Genealogy of Genroku Women) is a 1969 Japanese grotesque erotica film directed by Teruo Ishii. The film comprises three episodes all set in the Genroku era.

## Cast
### 1st segment

* Teruo Yoshida: Gentatsu
* Toyozô Yamamoto: Hanji
* Masumi Tachibana: Oito

### 2nd segment

* Mitsuko Aoi: Ochise
* Akira Ishihama: her servant Chokichi

### 3d segment

* Asao Koike: Lord ng his concubine Okon
* Yujie Kagawa: Okon, his concubine
* Miki Obana: Mitsu, a servant

## Production

The film is Ishii's second ero guro production, after Shogun’s Joy of Torture (1968). Orgies of Edo is also considered to be the fourth entry in Toei's 'abnormal love' film series.

## Release

The film was theatrically released in Japan on January 9, 1969.

## Reception

A retrospective review at Asian Movie Pulse stated: "Orgies of Edo is a definite cult film, and evidently, a difficult one to watch. At the same time, though, it features an artistry rarely appearing in the category, which will definitely reward anyone who is willing to see beyond the extremity of the three stories." In another retrospective review, Classic Horror wrote, "the disturbing images in Orgies of Edo come from the violent side, not the erotic side". Another commentator wrote, "Many viewers can probably resist Ishii’s deviant blend of kinbaku, paraphilia, monstrosity and surrealism – but those who cannot are in for a heady treat that casts them too (...) as falling somewhere between human and beast."
# Retallack, British Columbia

Retallack is on the north side of the Kaslo River, west of the junction with Whitewater Creek, in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The settlement, on Highway 31A, is about 37 kilometres (23 mi) northwest of Kaslo and 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of New Denver.

## Bell family

In the early 1890s, the place was called Bell's Camp, The Bells, Bellsville, or some variation of the latter. James (Jim) Bell, and his sons John Warren Bell, and James Allan Ward Bell, operated a sawmill and were prospectors and miners. When the Kaslo and Slocan Railway opened in 1895, the siding was called Whitewater Creek or The Bells. The creek was named after the mine.
In 1891, prospectors Eli Carpenter and J.L. (Jack) Seaton discovered a silver-lead ore deposit near the source of Slocan Creek, which triggered the mining boom of the following year. Seaton recovered almost a million dollars in ore.
The 1895 approval for Jim Bell to open a post office under the name Bellona was rescinded, when the Kaslo postmaster informed the postal inspector, "Mr. Bell is an honest man, but he is drunk a good part of his time … I also understand that he can hardly write his own name." Two years later, J. Warren Bell was successful in opening the post office as Whitewater. In 1903, Jim burned to death in a cabin fire, and his sons left the area a couple of years later.

## Final rename

Major John Ley Retallack leased the Whitewater mine, buying the claim after the 1910 fire that destroyed the camp, and burned railway bridges and snowsheds, ending the Great Northern Railway running of the line. Instrumental in the 1911 revival, the major was acknowledged by Canadian Pacific Railway (CP). On acquiring the line in 1912, CP named the siding Retallack. In due course, the postal authorities followed suit for the settlement. The several hotels in the town catered to the workers at the mine, the second largest silver/lead/zinc operation in the British Empire. After the 1956 mine closure, Retallack soon became a ghost town. However, two bunkhouses from the 1940s survive on the highway.

## Present community

Some much later houses border the highway. In 1996, the 1,000-square-metre (11,000 sq ft) timberframe Retallack Lodge was built on a city block of the old townsite. By 2009, Retallack was ranked as one of the best heliskiing operations in the world. Five years later, the enterprise expanded into helibiking.
# John Udall

John Udall may refer to:
* John Udall (Puritan) (1560?–1592), English clergyman
* John Hunt Udall (1889–1959), mayor of Phoenix, Arizona, 1936–1938
* John Nicholas Udall (1913–2005), mayor of Phoenix, Arizona, 1948–1952, and son of John Hunt Udall
# Limnonectes micrixalus

Limnonectes micrixalus is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is endemic to the Philippines.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and rivers. Its status is insufficiently known.
# Poliénas

Poliénas is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
# Pfeifferia (gastropod)

Pfeifferia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicostylinae of the family Camaenidae.

## Species

* Pfeifferia aurata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1841)
* Pfeifferia erubescens (C. Semper, 1877)
* Pfeifferia lividocincta (C. Semper, 1877)
* Pfeifferia luteocincta (C. Semper, 1877)
* Pfeifferia micans (L. Pfeiffer, 1845)
* Pfeifferia pudibunda (C. Semper, 1877)
* Pfeifferia stevenliei Thach & Abbas, 2021
# Zygmunt Kazanowski

Zygmunt Kazanowski (1563–1634) was a noble (szlachcic), magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Courtier and Court Marshal of kings Stefan Batory, Sigismund III Vasa and teacher of Wladyslaw IV Waza. From 1613 Starost of Kokenhaus and Krosno, from 1617 starost of Bacicko, from 1633 starost of Mukarowo, Solecko and Klobucko and Court Chamberlain.
Zygmunt was a soldier, and spend much time fighting for his country. He took part in the Battle of Kircholm, and the defense of Chocim. For his military valor and experience he became teacher to Zygmunt's son, Wladyslaw. During the funerals of king Zygmunt and queen Konstancja he carried the royal insignia.
He was first married to Zofia Warszewicka around 1591 and they had daughter Zofia Kazanowska. In 1615 he married Elżbieta Humnicka, with whom he had several children: Helena Kazanowska, Katarzyna Kazanowska, Aleksandra Kazanowska, Stanisław Kazanowski (?–1648), Adam Kazanowski (1599–1649).
In 1627 he ceded villages of Grzymałów, Kazanów i Ciepielów to his sons. His sons raised together with crown prince Wladyslaw (crowned in 1634) gained much influence over the young prince. Especially Adam used to extend his family wealth, when Wladyslaw often lavishly showered him with expensive gifts.
Zygmunt died in 1634 and was buried in the St. John Chapel in Warsaw.
# Retalick

Retalick may refer to:
* Richard Retalick ( (died 1803), British naval officer
* HMS Retalick (K555), British frigate which served in the Royal Navy from 1943 to 1945
# Honiara Botanic Gardens

The Honiara Botanic Gardens are located in Rove, Honiara, Solomon Islands. They are about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the main center off the Tandai Highway on Garden Drive (opposite the Iron Bottom Sound Hotel). Garden Drive meanders around the prison complex and is just past the Solomon Islands Broadcasting buildings.
The Rove Botanical Gardens is located immediately behind the Rove Prison. Once a showpiece of Whitmore's collection and Geoff Dennis gardening the gardens deteriorated in the 1980s. Following a publication by C.P Henderson and I.R Hancock in 1988, a New Zealand volunteer David Glenny, Geoff Dennis, and Myknee Qusa Sirikolo rehabilitated the collections in 1990.
* Rove Botanical Gardens, Rove, Honiara Solomon Islands
* Panoramic photo of Rove Creek at Botanical Gardens behind prison.
* Panoramic photo of Botanical Gardens, Rove Honiara Solomon Islands. Note the hanging spot marked on the sign
# Lillian A. Lewis

Lillian A. Lewis (born in 1869) was the first African American woman journalist in Boston, Massachusetts. She started her career in the 1880s with the Boston Advocate, a Black community newspaper, and began writing for the Boston Herald in the 1890s. To disguise her gender, she used the pen name "Bert Islew."

## Background

Lillian Alberta Lewis was born in 1869 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was born at 66 Phillips St. in Beacon Hill in the home of Lewis Hayden, who was a Black abolitionist and master of Boston's Underground Railroad. She attended the Bowdoin Grammar School, Girls' High School where she graduated in 1886, and Boston Normal School.
Lewis was reportedly a gifted student with an interest in literature. While in high school, she began writing and delivering lectures on subjects such as temperance, usually with a thread of humor running through them. One lecture that was especially popular was "The Mantle of the Church Covereth a Multitude of Humbugs," which poked fun at pious hypocrisy.
On August 7, 1901, she married Ernest F. Feurtado, a Jamaican.

## Career

Lewis began writing for the Boston Advocate in 1889, using the pen name "Bert Islew" to disguise her gender. ("Islew" is an anagram of "Lewis".) That same year, she made headlines when she was admitted to the New England Woman's Press Association. Sales had been flagging when Lewis joined the Advocate, and her popular society column, They-Say, is credited with saving the paper. She also contributed to the Richmond Planet and a monthly magazine called Our Women and Children, wrote short stories, and contributed to various journals. Monroe Alpheus Majors wrote of Lewis's work in 1893, "Her pen, as the sword, is ever drawn in defense of her race, and those who have had the honor of crossing weapons with her generally retire from the combat feeling that they have been vigorously fought."
In 1889, The New York Journal referred to Lewis as "bright, witty, sparking, and of practical thought."
In the 1890s, she began working for the Boston Herald as a stenographer and reporter. (A Boston Post announcement in 1892 refers to her as the Herald's "society editress".) She was one of the first African American women to write for a white-run newspaper. Lewis's knowledge of type-writing secured her a position as private secretary to Max Eliot.
In 1894, Lewis was living on Myrtle Street in Beacon Hill and was considered one of the two "most brilliant and progressive young colored women in Boston." She was a stylish dresser, and moved with ease between Boston's elite South End and West End social circles. She continued writing for the Boston Herald until 1901.
Lewis was also a public speaker, as she was invited to give talks to organizations such as the Colored National League.
In 1920, Lewis became the first African American woman clerk in the Collector's Office at Boston City Hall. She retired in 1934.

## Published works

In 1925, Lewis published a book titled Peter Salem: Colored American Soldier of the American Revolution.
# Richard Godfrey (died 1642)

Richard Godfrey (1592–1642), of New Romney, Kent, was an English politician.
He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Romney in 1624, 1625 and 1626.
He was the son of Thomas Godfrey of Lydd and his third wife Elizabeth Allard, daughter of Richard Allard of Biddenden. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge and entered the Middle Temple. Afterwards, he spent some time travelling abroad with a party of friends.
He was not a very active MP, although he earned some praise for his willingness to sit in the Commons without wages. The most memorable event of his life was when he accidentally killed a man during target practice in 1625, for which he received a royal pardon. Romney Corporation was advised that it was entitled notwithstanding the pardon to seize his goods but declined to do so, as Godfrey, if not a very active MP, was personally well-regarded.
He married Mary Moyle, daughter of John Moyle of Buckwell, and had eight sons and eight daughters. He was the great-grandfather of the noted writer Sir Richard Steele, through his eldest daughter Elizabeth who married Sir William Steele, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
# Ravenswood, Cumbernauld

Ravenswood is an area of Cumbernauld, Scotland.

## History

Ravenswood, sometimes known as Bogedge, was formerly a retreat for Glasgow churchmen. There are records of an Episcopal chapel there. Ravenswood is also called Bogedge on old maps. The remains of a mill from Ravenswood Farm can still be traced.

## New Town district

The street-naming scheme is based on Scottish islands. Ravenswood Primary School and Our Lady's High School are both in this area of the town. Early in the new town's history Ravenswood was more distinct from Seafar than it now is possibly due to the building schedule and signage on paths. More recently Seafar is more dominant perhaps because Ravenswood did not appear on any road signs. until 2023.
Ravenswood has its own Local Nature Reserve.
# Salado River (La Rioja)

The Salado River is a river of Argentina.
# Remote Audio Output Protocol

Remote Audio Output Protocol (RAOP) is an Internet streaming protocol based on RTSP / RTP authored by Apple Inc. It powers the AirPlay technology built into AirPort Express wireless (802.11b/g/n) access point as well as the Apple TV.
The major difference from RTSP is an initial asymmetric key verification made by iTunes to verify it is communicating with an AirPort Express or an Apple TV (as opposed to a simulation), and vice versa. The data channel is also encrypted by AES, with a random key protected by the asymmetric key mentioned above.
The RSA public key stored in iTunes was extracted by Jon Lech Johansen, enabling third-party software to stream music to an AirPort Express.
The RSA private key stored in the AirPort Express was extracted by James Laird, enabling simulation of an Airport Express.
The Shairport-sync application which emulates Airport Express hardware is available.