OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Black Renaissance in D.C.

The Black Renaissance in D.C. was a social, intellectual, and cultural movement in Washington, D.C. that began in 1919 and continued into the late 1920s.

## Background

Before the start of the Harlem Renaissance, Washington, D.C. developed an educated and prosperous Black middle class, made up of Black intellectuals and scholars who often studied at Howard University. Washington, D.C. had the country's largest Black community from 1900 to 1920, heavily influencing the development of the Black Renaissance in the area.
While the Black Renaissance movement ultimately began in Harlem, Manhattan, New York, with the Harlem Renaissance, the movement ultimately spread to cities across the United States. In Washington, D.C., the movement began on July 19, 1919, with the alleged sexual assault of a white woman by a black predator. The event was never confirmed, but it incited inflammatory responses from the four daily newspapers in the city. Several hundred whites formed a mob near Murder Bay off of Pennsylvania Avenue, a neighborhood known for prostitution and violence. The mob went on to assault a Black couple who were walking on 9th and D Streets, Southwest. Many prominent figures in the Harlem movement had strong roots in Washington, D.C. and heavily influenced the movement there.

## Development
### Music

U Street and Shaw was known as a place of entertainment and jazz music during this era. As a result of its cultural importance, U street was often referred to as "Black Broadway".

## Important figures

* Lewis Grandison Alexander
* Gwendolyn Bennett
* Marita Bonner
* Sterling Allen Brown
* Carrie Williams Clifford
* William Waring Cuney
* Clarissa M. Scott Delany
* Thelma Myrtle Duncan
* Duke Ellington
* Jessie Fauset
* Rudolph Fisher
* T. Montgomery Gregory
* Angelina Weld Grimke
* Frank Smith Horne
* Langston Hughes
* Zora Neale Hurston
* Georgia Douglas Johnson
* Alain LeRoy Locke
* Florence Mills
* Richard Bruce Nugent
* James A. Porter
* Willis Richardson
* Addison Scurlock
* Jean Toomer
* James Lesesne Wells
* Edward Christopher Williams
# Black Revolutionary War Patriots silver dollar

The Black Revolutionary War Patriots silver dollar is a commemorative dollar issued by the United States Mint in 1998.
The obverse of the coin features Crispus Attucks, a dockworker and freed slave who is generally considered to be the first man killed in the Boston Massacre.
# Hampshire Down

The Hampshire Down or Hampshire is a British breed of sheep. It originated in about 1829 from cross-breeding of Southdowns with the Old Hampshire breed, the Wiltshire Horn and the Berkshire Nott, all horned, white-faced sheep — these were native to the open, untilled, hilly stretch of land known as the Hampshire Downs. It is much used as a terminal sire.

## History

John Twynam, a Hampshire farmer, crossed his then-Hampshire flock with Cotswold rams around 1829. The resultant half-bred rams were compact and blocky animals, and from around 1835 were sold into six or more of what were to become the first recognised pedigree Hampshire Down flocks in the United Kingdom. An important flock was kept at Downton Agricultural College in the late 19th-century.
The Southdowns had long dark brown or black legs, matured early, produced the best of mutton and a fine quality of medium wool. The original Hampshire was larger, coarser, but hardier, slower to mature, with inferior flesh, and a longer but coarser wool. The Southdown had always been remarkable for its power of transmitting its special characteristics to its progeny by other kinds of sheep, and hence it soon impressed its own characteristics on its progeny by the Hampshire. The horns of the original breed have disappeared; the face and legs have become dark, the frame has become more compact, the bones smaller, the back broader and straighter, the legs shorter, and the flesh and wool of better quality, while the superior hardiness and greater size, as well as the large head and Roman nose of the old breed, still remain. Hampshires of the 1890s matured early and fattened readily. They clipped from 6 to 7 pounds of wool, suitable for combing, which was longer than Southdown wool, but less fine.
The resultant mutton had a desirable proportion of fat and lean, and was juicy and fine flavoured; the lambs were large and were usually dropped early and fed for market. Indeed, the Hampshire may be considered a larger and trifle coarser and hardier Southdown. The breed was occasionally crossed with Cotswolds, when it produced a wool more valuable for worsted manufacturers than the pure Cotswold. In addition to Southdown, the Hampshire likely has a dash of Cotswold blood in its composition. Considerable importations of the breed were made to the United States in the 18th century, but it did not become so popular as the Southdown and some other English breeds.

## Characteristics

Mature rams should weigh 300 pounds or more and mature ewes should weigh 200 pounds or more in breeding condition. Mature ewes yield on average 6 lbs(2.7 kg) to 10 lbs (4.5 kg) fleece that is 25.0 to 33.0 microns and a spinning count of 46 to 58. The fleece staple length is 2.0 to 3.5 in (5-9 cm) with a yield of 50% to 62%.
# Sebastián Blázquez

Sebastián Alberto Blázquez (born 27 November 1979) is an Argentine football manager and former player who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

Blázquez started his playing career in 1997 with Talleres de Remedios de Escalada in the Regionalised 3rd division of Argentine football. In 2002, he was signed by Vélez Sársfield of the Argentine Primera, but he only made one competitive appearance in his two years with the club.
In 2004 Blázquez joined San Martín de San Juan of the 2nd division and in 2006 he returned to the Primera with Colón de Santa Fe where he was again used as a reserve goalkeeper until he got a run in the first team in late 2007. In 2009 played in Colombia for Deportivo Cali, before on 29 December 2009 the Goalkeeper left Cali to join Olimpia Asuncion on a 50% joint ownership deal with Colón de Santa Fe.
On 27 November 2019, 40-year old Blázquez announced his retirement from football.
# James Walker Log House

James Walker Log House is a historic log house in Brenham, Texas.
It was built in 1824 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.
# James Walker Dawson

James Walker Dawson (1870, India - 26 June 1927, Edinburgh) was a Scottish pathologist remembered for his work on multiple sclerosis including the description of the eponymous Dawson's fingers.

## Biography

James Dawson started his medical training at the University of Edinburgh in 1888, but had to interrupt his studies due to tuberculosis. He spent 13 years overseas, mainly in India, the United States, Canada and New Zealand, and worked as a lumberjack and sheep farmer during that time. In 1903 he resumed his training, and graduated MB CM the next year. He started research into disorders of the nervous system at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh under Alexander Bruce. In 1907 he presented a thesis for the Syme Surgical Fellowship which was awarded in 1910. In 1911 he was awarded his MD with a gold medal for his thesis Studies on Inflammation. He was unable to serve in World War I due to ill health, so taught pathology at the University of Edinburgh.
Bruce died unexpectedly, and Dawson continued the research on his own. In 1916 he published a landmark paper on the histology of "disseminated sclerosis", describing the distribution and stages of lesions, reviewing theories on the aetiology and describing the inflammatory process seen in the disease. This work formed the basis for his DSc thesis in the same year. In his book The Founders of Neurology which was published in 1953, W. Haymaker stated that little had been added to this work in the intervening 40 years.
He declined a number of appointments, again due to ill health, and continued working as a histologist in the laboratory at the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh. He produced publications including work on multiple neuromata of the central nervous system, generalised osteitis fibrosa, melanomata and syringomyelia. He became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1924, and also published an address on The Spirit of Leisure and the Spirit of Work which was presented to Edinburgh medical students for many years. He was preparing three Morison Lectures for presentation to the Royal College of Physicians at the time of his death in 1927.
James Dawson was married to Edith Kate Dawson, who was also a pathologist of international repute.
# James Shedden Palmer

James Shedden Palmer (October 13, 1810 – December 7, 1867) was an officer in the United States Navy during the Civil War. He was later promoted to rear admiral.

## Biography

Palmer was born at Elizabethtown, New Jersey. He entered the United States Navy on August 26, 1824, as Ship's Boy, aboard John Adams. Palmer was appointed midshipman January 1, 1825. He commanded Flirt during the Mexican–American War, and Iroquois and Hartford during the Civil War. He commanded the Naval Station at New Orleans and the West Gulf Squadron during 1864. Appointed to command the West Indies Squadron in 1865, he was commissioned rear admiral on July 25, 1866, and died at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

## Ranks held

* Ship's Boy – August 26, 1824
* Midshipman – January 1, 1825
* Passed Midshipman – June 4, 1831
* Lieutenant – December 17, 1836
* Commander – September 14, 1855
* Captain – July 16, 1862
* Commodore – February 7, 1863
* Rear Admiral – July 25, 1866

## Civil War service

Palmer was commanding officer of Iroquois, which was part of the U.S. Mediterranean Squadron at the time of the attack on Fort Sumter. He returned to the United States in January 1862, where he was on leave, without orders, until March, when he was re-appointed commander of the Iroquois. He saw service as part of Farragut's Western Gulf Blockading Squadron, and was one of the captains present at the attack and capture of New Orleans, and at Farragut's attempt to do the same at Vicksburg in 1862. Promoted to captain for his role in the victory at New Orleans in July of that year, the following month he took command of Farragut's flagship Hartford. On 7 February 1863, Palmer was promoted to Commodore.
In January 1864, he was made senior officer of naval forces on the Mississippi in the vicinity of New Orleans and concurrently the commanding officer of Pensacola until April of that year, when he assumed command of Monongahela in place of the Pensacola. In August he became commanding officer of the 1st Division of Ironclads, Western Gulf Blockading Squadron, with Richmond as his flagship (ironic, as Richmond was not an ironclad). He held this post until November 1864. He was then acting commander of Farragut's squadron during the latter's absence from November 1864 to February 1865. He then reverted to his previous post, which he held until May 1865. He was promoted to rear admiral on 25 July 1865.

## Postbellum career

From May through December 1865, Palmer held administrative posts in Washington, D.C. That December he was appointed commander of the North Atlantic Squadron, with Rhode Island serving as his flagship. On July 25, 1866, he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral. While still commanding the North Atlantic Squadron, Rear Admiral James S. Palmer died of yellow fever at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. He was buried in New York City.

## Namesake

The destroyer USS Palmer (DD-161) was named for him.
# Hamajima, Mie

Hamajima (浜島町, Hamajima-chō) was a town located in the former Shima District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,686 and a density of 205.72 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 27.64 km$^2$.
On October 1, 2004, Hamajima, along with the towns of Shima (former), Ago, Daiō and Isobe (all from Shima District), was merged to create the city of Shima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
# Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

Hamirpur is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly covering the city of Hamirpur in the Hamirpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Hamirpur is one of five assembly constituencies in the Hamirpur Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 228 amongst 403 constituencies.

## Members of Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1957 | Surendra Dutt Bajpai | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Surendra Dutt Bajpai | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Bajrang Bali Brahmachari | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1969 | Pratap Narain | Indian National Congress |
| 1974 | Pratap Narain | Indian National Congress |
| 1977 | Onkar Nath | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Pratap Narain | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1985 | Jagdish Narain | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | Ashok Singh Chandel | Independent |
| 1991 | Shivcharan Prajapati | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 1993 | Ashok Singh Chandel | Janata Dal |
| 1996 | Shivcharan Prajapati | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2002 | Shivcharan Prajapati | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2007 | Ashok Singh Chandel | Samajwadi Party |
| 2012 | Niranjan Jyoti | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2014^ | Shivcharan Prajapati | Samajwadi Party |
| 2017 | Ashok Singh Chandel | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2019^ | Yuvraj Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2022 | Manoj Kumar Prajapati | Bharatiya Janata Party |
* ^ By Election

## Election results

By-election, 2019: Hamirpur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Yuwraj Singh | 74,409 | |
| | SP | Dr. Manoj Kumar Prajapati | 56,542 | |
| | BSP | Naushad Ali | 28,798 | |
| | INC | Hardeepak Nishad | 16,097 | |
| | JAP(L) | Raja Bhaiya | 5,201 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,867 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,93,053 | 48.01 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | |
# Hamirpur, Mainpuri

Hamirpur (Hamīrpur) is a village in Sultanganj block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it has a population of 581, in 96 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Hamirpur had a population of 581, in 96 households.$^{:167}$ This population was 50.9% male (296) and 49.1% female (285). The 0-6 age group numbered 135 (64 male and 72 female), or 23.2% of the total population. 129 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 22.2% of the total.$^{:130–1}$
The 1981 census recorded Hamirpur as having a population of 398 people, in 71 households.$^{:168–9}$
The 1961 census recorded Hamirpur as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 217 people (116 male and 101 female), in 49 households and 44 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 272 acres.$^{:xciv}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Hamirpur did not have any schools or healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of kachcha materials.$^{:167–72}$
# Sebestyén, Archbishop of Esztergom

Blessed Sebestyén (died 1007), was a Hungarian Benedictine missionary, prelate and politician, who served as Archbishop of Esztergom between 1002 and 1007.

## Biography

According to the legend of Bishop Hartvik, Sebestyén (or Sebastian) was a Benedictine monk of the Abbey of Pannonhalma, who was promoted to the rank of Archbishop of Esztergom by King St. Stephen I of Hungary, after the death of Archbishop Domonkos. For three years he suffered loss of vision, as a result he was replaced by Bishop Anastasius of Kalocsa (or Astrik). In 1005 he was healed, and sanctified the church of the monastery of Pannonhalma. Astrik, on the other hand, was rewarded by the Pope the title of Archbishop of Kalocsa, rising through the ranks the diocese to archdiocese.
The person of Sebestyén is discussed, it is believed he was the same missionary monk, known as Radla, who was a mentor and fellow evangelical work of St. Adalbert of Prague, who lived at the court of Grand Prince Géza since 995. Sebestyén built the chapel of St. Vitus in the castle of Esztergom.
# Black River, Tasmania

Black River is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Circular Head, in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the town of Wynyard. Bass Strait forms most of the northern boundary, while the stream named “Black River” forms the western boundary. The 2016 census determined a population of 35 for the state suburb of Black River.

## History

The locality name may have originally been “Blackwall”, but the current name has been in use since about 1878. It is likely that the locality was named for the adjacent river.

## Road infrastructure

The C225 route (Mawbanna Road) intersects with the Bass Highway in the locality, passing through to the south-east on its way to Mawbanna.

## Notable people

* Fergus Medwin, Australian politician
# American Marketing Association

The American Marketing Association (AMA) is a professional association for marketing professionals with 30,000 members as of 2012. It has 76 professional chapters and 250 collegiate chapters across the United States.
The AMA was formed in 1937 (87 years ago) (1937) from the merger of two predecessor organizations, the National Association of Marketing Teachers and the American Marketing Society. It also publishes a number of handbooks and research monographs. The AMA publishes the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of Interactive Marketing, and Marketing News. It sponsors the collegiate honor society, Alpha Mu Alpha.

## Organization

The American Marketing Association has a board of directors that are elected annually by its members and a set of councils that are appointed. The headquarters are located in Chicago.

## History

At a 1915 convention of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, a group of advertising teachers established the National Association of Teachers of Advertising (NATA). Initial discussions revolved around the definition of advertising and the study of advertising. The group's name changed to the National Association of Teachers of Marketing & Advertising (NATMA) and then the National Association of Teachers of Marketing (NATM) as its focus expanded to marketing, incorporating educators from a variety of disciplines, including economics and accounting.
Approximately 15 years later, a second organization, the American Marketing Society (AMS), was founded, dedicated to the science of marketing. Lewis and Owen explained that the first president, Paul Nystrom, "expressed a need to find ways of lowering the cost of marketing, a concern for criticisms against marketing, and an interest in finding 'useful tools and devices in marketing practice'".
The two organizations jointly published the Journal of Marketing in 1936 and merged in 1937 to form the American Marketing Association. The association was housed at the University of Illinois in its early years and eventually moved its headquarters to Chicago as its professional staff expanded. As the study and practice of marketing became more sophisticated and specialized, the AMA also provided new offerings with the launch of the Journal of Marketing Research (1964) and acquisitions of the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing from the University of Michigan in 1990, and the Journal of International Marketing from Michigan State University in 1997. In 2022, the AMA acquired the Journal of Interactive Marketing.
# Pole cell

In early Drosophila development, the embryo passes through thirteen nuclear divisions (karyokinesis) without cytokinesis, resulting in a multinucleate cell (generally referred to as a syncytium, but strictly a coenocyte). Pole cells are the cells that form at the polar ends of the Drosophila egg, which begin the adult germ cells. Pole plasm functions to bud the pole cells, as well as restore fertilization, even when the cell was previously sterile.

## Formation

During early development of Drosophila, pole plasm assembles at the posterior pole of the Drosophila embryo, allowing determination of the abdominal patterning. Late in oogenesis, polar organelles, which are electro-negative granules, are in the pole plasm. When the pole plasm further matures, it continues to consist of polar granules into the development of germ cells, which develop into adult germ cells. Serine protease activity occurs less than 2 hours after the budding of the pole cells from the pole plasm, and ending just prior to the movement of the pole cells via gastrulation. The patterning of the pole cells are determined by the activation of oskar, which acts in the determination of body patterning segments. Pole cells begin their migration in a cluster in the midgut primordium. To reach their final destination, pole cells must migrate through the epithelial wall. It is known that the cells migrate through the epithelial wall, but little is known about the mechanisms used to do so.
# Your Love Still Brings Me to My Knees

"Your Love Still Brings Me to My Knees" is a song originally recorded by British artist Dusty Springfield and released in the UK in early 1980. It was her last single release on the Mercury label, but failed to reach the UK charts, despite heavy radio airplay. It was later recorded by American-Australian singer Marcia Hines. The song was written by Bobby Wood, Roger Cook and produced by David Mackay and released in July 1981 as the lead single from Hines' fifth studio album, Take it From the Boys (1981). It became Hines' sixth (and, to date, final) Top 10 single in Australia. Later versions were recorded by The Duncans also in 1981 and Leo Sayer in 1982.

## Marcia Hines Track listing
### Australian 7" Single (NiTE 001)

* "Your Love Still Brings Me to My Knees" (B. Wood, R. Cook) - 3:30
* "'Till It's Too Late" (C. Hull, M. Hines)

### Dutch 7" Single (FRS 009)

* "Your Love Still Brings Me to My Knees" - 5:20
* "All The Things We Do When We're Lonely" (Dean Pitchford, Tom Snow) - 3:50

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 10 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 7 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 8 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 6 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1981) | Position |
| Australian (Kent Music Report) | 74 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 73 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 77 |
# Iceland Billie Jean King Cup team

The Iceland Fed Cup team represents Iceland in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Icelandic Tennis Association. They currently compete in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group III.

## History

Iceland competed in its first Fed Cup in 1996. They won their only tie to date in 2008, defeating Zimbabwe in Europe/Africa Zone Group II Round Robin play. Prior to 2008, Iceland had only won one rubber, against Cameroon in 1997.

## Players

| Name | Years | First | Ties | Win/Loss | Win/Loss | Win/Loss |
| Name | Years | First | Ties | Singles | Doubles | Total |
| Margarita Akbacheva | 1 | 1999 | 2 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 |
| Hera Brynjarsdóttir | 4 | 2014 | 12 | 1–7 | 1–10 | 2–17 |
| Ingunn Eiríksdóttir | 1 | 1999 | 2 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 0–2 |
| Anna Soffía Grönholm | 6 | 2014 | 21 | 2–18 | 3–14 | 5–32 |
| Hjördís Rósa Guðmundsdóttir | 2 | 2014 | 6 | 1–5 | 0–3 | 1–8 |
| Kristín Gunnarsdóttir | 1 | 1996 | 1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–1 |
| Hrafuhildur Hannesdóttir | 1 | 1996 | 4 | 0–4 | 0–3 | 0–7 |
| Soumia Islami | 1 | 2008 | 2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Arney Jóhannesdóttir | 1 | 2009 | 1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–1 |
| Sofia Sóley Jónasdóttir | 2 | 2017 | 6 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 5–6 |
| Júlíana Jónsdóttir | 1 | 1997 | 2 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 |
| Sandra Kristjánsdóttir | 4 | 2005 | 11 | 0–8 | 1–9 | 1–17 |
| Stella Kristjánsdóttir | 2 | 1998 | 8 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 0–8 |
| Selma Óskarsdóttir | 2 | 2017 | 2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| Rakel Petursdóttir | 2 | 1998 | 8 | 0–8 | 0–3 | 0–11 |
| Rebekka Pétursdóttir | 2 | 2005 | 5 | 0–4 | 0–4 | 0–8 |
| Eirdís Ragnarsdóttir | 1 | 2009 | 5 | 0–5 | 0–4 | 0–9 |
| Sigurlaug Sigurðardóttir | 3 | 2000 | 10 | 0–10 | 0–7 | 0–17 |
| Iris Staub | 8 | 1996 | 25 | 1–19 | 2–12 | 3–31 |
| Stefanía Stefánsdóttir | 4 | 1996 | 18 | 0–16 | 1–15 | 1–31 |