OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pakistan–Philippines relations

Pakistan–Philippines relations refers to bilateral relations between Pakistan and the Philippines.

## History

The Philippines established diplomatic relations with Pakistan on September 8, 1949, through the opening of a Philippine Consulate in Pakistan. Following the diplomatic visit of Pakistan Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy to the Philippines in May 1957 the Philippine Consulate in Karachi was elevated into an embassy. Pakistan also opened an embassy in Manila, and the Philippines later moved its embassy to Islamabad.

## Trade links

Bilateral trade between the two countries in 2006 was around US$70 million. With Philippine imports from Pakistan worth more than US$42.3 million, mostly including garments and pharmaceutical drugs. Philippine exports to Pakistan are valued at about US$28.8 million in 2006. Pakistan-Philippines Business Council was created to promote trade and investment opportunities between the two countries. In 2021 Pakistan exports to the Philippine were valued at about US$142.3 million, and the Imports were valued at US$74.4 million.

## Migration

As of November 2016, an estimated 1,543 Filipinos in Pakistan which includes 180 permanent residents married to Pakistani nationals, 728 documented working visa and 635 irregular and undocumented residents.
Filipinos in Pakistan are mostly professionals, such as engineers who work in IT and US Embassy, hotel staff, nurses, therapists, religious missionaries, those employed in textile mills and road construction projects, and workers from UN and other international organizations. There are also female domestic helpers and Filipino nationals married to Pakistanis.

## Defense cooperation

Pakistan is fighting a guerrilla war against Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and so is the Philippines fighting an insurgency war against MILF, both the countries therefore face a common terrorism threat. Pakistan and the Philippines have signed a memorandum of understanding serving as a "legal framework to facilitate cooperation and inter-operability between the security, intelligence and law enforcement agencies of the two countries".

## Bilateral visit

Then-Pakistani Prime Ministers Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (May 1957), Mohammad Khan Junejo (May 1988), and Benazir Bhutto (February 1995) made visits to the Philippines. In July 1962, then-Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal visited Pakistan.
In 2005, then-President Pervez Musharraf was the first Pakistani head of state officially to visit the Philippines, hosted by then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

## Helicopter crash in Pakistan

On 8 May 2015, Philippine Ambassador Domingo Lucenario, Jr. was killed in a helicopter crash in Naltar Valley in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
# Polypodium hesperium

Polypodium hesperium is a species of fern known by the common name western polypody. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California, and the Rocky Mountains to northern Mexico, where it grows in rocky habitat types.
This is an allopolyploid species of hybrid origin, its parent species being Polypodium glycyrrhiza and Polypodium amorphum.

## Description

This polypody anchors with a thin, scaly rhizome. It produces oblong leaves 25 to 35 centimetres (9.8 to 13.8 in) in maximum length and 7 cm (2.8 in) in width. Each leaf is made up of many dull-pointed linear or lance-shaped segments which may be thin and membranous or firm and leathery in texture, and smooth or serrated on the edges. The underside of each leaf segment has a few brownish, reddish, or nearly black sori, which contain the spores.
# RamaKoti

RamaKoti is a religious tradition of writing the name of the Hindu Lord Shriram in a book ten million times. It is also called as Likhita Japa (Chanting by writing).
RamaKoti is an effective spiritual practice according to Hindu beliefs because many of our senses are engaged simultaneously during this practice.
Though RamaKoti is popular with elderly people, but open to anyone. After finishing the writing, the devotee submits the notebooks to a Sri Rama temple or any other temple that may preserve them. Most often the notebooks are used along with material as a foundation for new temples.
# First Universalist Church (Woonsocket, Rhode Island)

The First Universalist Church is a former Universalist church at 78 Earle Street in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Built in 1924 and enlarged in 1957, it is a good example of 20th-century Gothic Revival architecture. The congregation for which it was built was established in the 1820s, in part through the efforts of Hosea Ballou, an influential early Universalist minister who also had business interests in Woonsocket. The congregation was disbanded in 2007, and the building now houses the American-French Genealogical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020.

## Description and history

Woonsocket's former First Universalist Church stands a short way north of downtown Woonsocket, on a small parcel of land at the western corner of Shaw and Earle Streets. Its front section, the original 1924 church, is a two-story Gothic structure built out of buff brick, and set with its long access parallel to Shaw Street, with an ornate main entrance facing Earle Street. Extending along the Earle Street alignment is the single-story 1957 addition, which is separated from the original structure by a square tower, also built in 1957.
The history of Universalism in Woonsocket is entwined with the life of Hosea Ballou, one of the most influential figures in the rise of the denomination in the early 19th century. Ballou, a native of New Hampshire, preached widely across New England, and founded what became known as the Hanora Mills in 1828. Universalist groups began meeting in mill space around that time, and the first edifice of the First Universalist Church was constructed on Church and Main Streets in 1840. Its first minister, John Boyden, was a disciple of Hosea Ballou. The congregation grew in size, and construction of the present building in 1924 enabled further growth. The 1957 addition, Modernist in its design, was designed by Boston architect Arland A. Dirlam. The congregation declined over subsequent decades, and was disbanded in 2007. The building has since been acquired by the American-French Genealogical Society for its headquarters. The building is the last surviving reminder of the city's Universalist history.
# Jean van de Velde

Jean Van de Velde may refer to:
* Jean van de Velde (director) (born 1957), Dutch film director and screenwriter
* Jean van de Velde (golfer) (born 1966), French professional golfer
# George W. Davis Motor Car Company

The George W. Davis Motor Car Company made Davis brand automobiles in Richmond, Indiana, from 1908 to 1929.
George W. Davis was born in Randolph county, Indiana on October 20, 1867, one of ten children in his family. When he was 18 years old, he went to work in a carriage and harness shop in Winchester, Indiana. He moved in Richmond, Indiana in 1902 and, in partnership with Walter McConaha and Frank Taylor, established the Davis & Taylor Carriage Company there.
In 1908, George W. Davis announced that he would build a car, named after himself. The earliest cars were motorized buggies. By 1911, proper touring cars were made, using 4-cylinder Continental engines, with 6-cylinder Continental units added three years later. A 12-cylinder engine was promised, but this never materialized. The local Richmond newspaper reported that Davis was unhappy about the weight of the 12-cylinder engine. Thus, after the fours were dropped from the lineup in 1916, all Davis cars bore a six cylinder engine. It was not until 1927 that an 8-cylinder engine arrived.
Many Davises were exported, and a Davis placed first in a hill climb in Madrid, Spain in 1917. Also in 1917, the growing Davis company expanded by taking over the former Westcott factory in town. The Davis was an assembled car, meaning that it used components from various outside manufacturers, with little or none of the components made in-house. Davises were well known for their two-tone paint schemes and poetic model names, such as Fleetaway, Man o' War and Mountaineer.
The Davis served as the basis for two badge-engineered cars sold in Canada in the 1920s - the Winnipeg and the Derby.
The fortunes of the Davis company waned later in the 1920s. Later Davises were obsolete, and sales began to slip from the peak sales of the early 1920s. In February 1928, the company was acquired by the Automotive Corporation of America, led by Villor P. Williams. Williams was interested in gaining an automobile on which to install his Parkmobile device. The Parkmobile was a device which hydraulically raised the car up via a set of smaller wheels inboard of the standard ones. This allowed the vehicle to be rolled sideways into a parallel parking space. It operated "through the regular gearshift lever in conjunction with an extra lever operated from the transmission." The six-cylinder Davis was now renamed the New York Six, while the 8-cylinder model remained a Davis. Both of these were to get the Parkmobile device, only a few did, however. Any 1929 models were simply ones built using leftover 1928 parts.
Williams was evicted on May 30, 1929, for not paying rent, and returned to Baltimore, Maryland, where his Automotive Corporation was headquartered. The Richmond factory was turned over to the manufacture of power lawn mowers. Williams continued to advertise into early 1931 that more New York Six and Davis Eight automobiles with the Parkmobile device were to be forthcoming, but none ever materialized.
# 1909–10 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team

The 1909–10 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas in its twelfth season of collegiate basketball, and its third in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association, or MVIAA. The team would go on to win its third MVIAA Conference Championship. The head coach was W. O. Hamilton, serving in his first year in that capacity for Kansas. On January 15, the Jayhawks reached their first major milestone victory in reaching its 100th win. The Jayhawks finished the season 18–1.

## Roster

* Robert Heizer
* Thomas Johnson
* Harold Larson
* Verne Long
* Donald Martindell
* Verni Smith
* Edward Van der Vries
* Raymond Watson
* Earl Woodward

## Schedule

| Date time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site city, state |
| Jan. 7, 1910* | Nebraska | W 33-17 | 1–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 8, 1910* | Nebraska | W 40-16 | 2–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 15, 1910 | Washington (Mo.) | W 46–7 | 3–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 17, 1910 | Washington (Mo.) | W 34–13 | 4–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 21, 1910* | Baker | W 37–24 | 5–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 22, 1910* | at Baker | W 27–21 | 6–0 | Baldwin City, Kansas |
| Jan. 27, 1910* | Kansas State Sunflower Showdown | W 44–19 | 7–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Jan. 28, 1910* | Bethany | W 47–22 | 8–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Feb. 11, 1910 | Missouri | W 29–15 | 9–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Feb. 12, 1910 | Missouri Border War | W 27–14 | 10–0 | Robinson Gymnasium Lawrence, Kansas |
| Feb. 18, 1910 | at Kansas City AC | W 34–31 | 11–0 | Club House Kansas City, Missouri |
| Feb. 19, 1910 | at Washington (Mo.) | W 19–16 | 12–0 | Francis Gymnasium St. Louis, Missouri |
| Feb. 20, 1910 | at Washington (Mo.) | L 15–16 | 12–1 | Francis Gymnasium St. Louis, Missouri |
| Feb. 22, 1910 | at Missouri | W 25–21 | 13–1 | Border War Columbia, Missouri |
| Feb. 23, 1910 | at Missouri | W 58–22 | 14–1 | Border War Columbia, Missouri |
| Feb. 24, 1910 | at Drake | W 62–33 | 15–1 | Alumni Gymnasium Des Moines, Iowa |
| Feb. 25, 1910 | at Iowa State | W 34–18 | 16–1 | Ames, Iowa |
| Feb. 26, 1910* | at Nebraska | W 40-20 | 17–1 | Grant Memorial Hall Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Feb. 27, 1910* | at Nebraska | W 40-13 | 18–1 | Grant Memorial Hall Lincoln, Nebraska |
| *Non-conference game. $^#$Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Central Standard Time. |||||
# 2011 Sicilia Classic – Doubles

Martin Fischer and Philipp Oswald were the defending champions, but decided not to participate. Tomasz Bednarek and Mateusz Kowalczyk won this tournament by defeating Alexander Bury and Andrei Vasilevski 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

## Seeds

* David Marrero / Pere Riba (first round)
* Olivier Charroin / Stéphane Robert (first round)
* Alessio di Mauro / Alessandro Motti (quarterfinals)
* Tomasz Bednarek / Mateusz Kowalczyk (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | D Marrero P Riba | 3 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Bury A Vasilevski | 6 | 6 | | | A Bury A Vasilevski | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | D Junqueira A Molteni | 3 | 3 | | | P Carreño-Busta D Muñoz-de la Nava | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | P Carreño-Busta D Muñoz-de la Nava | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | A Bury A Vasilevski | 6$^7$ | 7 | [10] | | | | |
| 3 | A di Mauro A Motti | 3 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | C-p Hsieh H-h Lee | 7$^9$ | 5 | [8] | | | | |
| | P Červenák N Ćirić | 6 | 1 | [7] | 3 | A di Mauro A Motti | 1 | 7$^7$ | [9] | | | | | | | | | |
| | C-p Hsieh H-h Lee | 6 | 5 | [10] | | C-p Hsieh H-h Lee | 6 | 6$^3$ | [11] | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Omar Giacalone G Naso | 4 | 7 | [5] | | | | | | | | | | | | A Bury A Vasilevski | 2 | 4 |
| | P Raja W Trusendi | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | T Bednarek M Kowalczyk | 6 | 6 |
| WC | F Aldi Marco Cecchinato | 1 | 4 | | | P Raja W Trusendi | 4 | 6$^5$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | Antonio Comporto D Giorgini | 4 | 0 | | 4 | T Bednarek M Kowalczyk | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | T Bednarek M Kowalczyk | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 4 | T Bednarek M Kowalczyk | 4 | 7 | [10] | | | | |
| | A Giannessi S Vagnozzi | 2 | 3 | | | | | | | | B Kavčič J Pospíšil | 6 | 5 | [5] | | | | |
| | Y Schukin A Veić | 6 | 6 | | | Y Schukin A Veić | 4 | 5 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | B Kavčič J Pospíšil | 6 | 6 | | | B Kavčič J Pospíšil | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | O Charroin S Robert | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Fimbriosotis

Fimbriosotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
# Ramaiyengar Sridharan

Ramaiyengar Sridharan is a mathematician at Chennai Mathematical Institute, formerly at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).

## Early life

He was born in Cuddalore in 1935. He obtained his Ph.D. from Columbia under the guidance of Samuel Eilenberg with his thesis on filtered algebras and representations of Lie algebras in 1960.

## Awards

Sridharan was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology (SSB prize) in Mathematical Science in 1980.

## Selected publications

* Filtered algebras and representations of Lie algebras, R Sridharan - Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 1961 - jstor.org
* On the global dimension of some algebras, MP Murthy, R Sridharan - Mathematische Zeitschrift, 1963 - Springer
# PingPod

PingPod is a company that runs table tennis venues, nicknamed "pods." Most pods are operational 24/7 and operate without on-site employees.

## History

David Silberman conceived of the idea and pitched it to two individuals: Ernesto Ebuen, a former U.S. table tennis player who took on the role of Chief Product Officer, and Max Kogler, a former Goldman Sachs employee and businessman, who joined as the CEO. PingPod's first location was opened in 2020 on the Lower East Side in New York City.

## Features

Locations are equipped with features like automated scorekeeping and the capability to replay moments in a match, called PodPlay. PodPlay licenses its reservation management software and instant replay and scoreboard system to other venue operators, namely in the pickleball space.

## Locations

PingPod runs several locations across most of New York City, Brooklyn, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, Miami, as well as internationally in Bristol, UK and the Philippines.
# Nick Wright (footballer, born 1975)

Nicholas John Wright (born 15 October 1975, in Codnor) is an English former professional footballer who played for Derby County, Carlisle United and Watford before his career was cut short by injury. Wright, who played as a forward, is best remembered for scoring an overhead kick in the 1999 Football League First Division play-off final, helping secure Watford's promotion to the Premier League. The following season in the top flight Wright only made four league appearances, though this included games against Chelsea, Arsenal and Manchester United.
# Harvard alumni health study

The Harvard alumni health study is a cohort study focusing on the effect of exercise on coronary artery disease, strokes, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, obesity and mortality. Including only male, Harvard College graduates who began their studies between 1916 and 1950 and were still living in 1966, the study began with 21,582 individuals. Data was collected on the lifestyle and health of these men in 1962, 1966, 1977, 1988, and 1993, at which point only 11,894 men remained in the study.
As with all cohort studies, the narrow catchment criteria for participants was both a strength and a weakness: selecting only educated, middle-aged, predominantly white males lent the study greater power to see statistically significant results in that demographic, but left it blind to broader reaching phenomena. Fit people did better and had less disease than unfit people. If people changed from unfit to fit their disease risk went down.
# Bokwidi

Bokwidi is a small village in the Waterberg District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa. The settlement has a primary school situated in the northeast area.
Bokwidi village is currently under the traditional leadership of Ntona Ramasobana. The village has Senior Secondary school called Kolobe Ramasobana Senior Secondary School, named after Ntona Ramasobana.
There are several entertainment hubs in the village such as Bra Willy's tavern, Lembas tavern, Five Sisters, Sexychillas, Ivy's tavern and Nkhumane's tavern popularly known as Boxeng. In addition, there are also three legendary soccer teams, namely, Bokwidi Young Chiefs (aka BYC),Bokwidi Callies F.C (aka Maroma) and Bokwidi Celtics F.C (aka Selesele).
# Hat notation

A "hat" (circumflex (ˆ)), placed over a symbol is a mathematical notation with various uses.

## Estimated value

In statistics, a circumflex (ˆ), called a "hat", is used to denote an estimator or an estimated value. For example, in the context of errors and residuals, the "hat" over the letter ${\hat {\varepsilon }}$ indicates an observable estimate (the residuals) of an unobservable quantity called $\varepsilon$ (the statistical errors).
Another example of the hat operator denoting an estimator occurs in simple linear regression. Assuming a model of $y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\beta _{1}x_{i}+\varepsilon _{i}$, with observations of independent variable data $x_{i}$ and dependent variable data $y_{i}$, the estimated model is of the form ${\hat {y}}_{i}={\hat {\beta }}_{0}+{\hat {\beta }}_{1}x_{i}$ where $\sum _{i}(y_{i}-{\hat {y}}_{i})^{2}$ is commonly minimized via least squares by finding optimal values of ${\hat {\beta }}_{0}$ and ${\hat {\beta }}_{1}$ for the observed data.

## Hat matrix

In statistics, the hat matrix H projects the observed values y of response variable to the predicted values ŷ:
    ${\hat {\mathbf {y} }}=H\mathbf {y} .$

## Cross product

In screw theory, one use of the hat operator is to represent the cross product operation. Since the cross product is a linear transformation, it can be represented as a matrix. The hat operator takes a vector and transforms it into its equivalent matrix.
    $\mathbf {a} \times \mathbf {b} =\mathbf {\hat {a}} \mathbf {b}$
For example, in three dimensions,
    $\mathbf {a} \times \mathbf {b} ={\begin{bmatrix}a_{x}\\a_{y}\\a_{z}\end{bmatrix}}\times {\begin{bmatrix}b_{x}\\b_{y}\\b_{z}\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}0&-a_{z}&a_{y}\\a_{z}&0&-a_{x}\\-a_{y}&a_{x}&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}b_{x}\\b_{y}\\b_{z}\end{bmatrix}}=\mathbf {\hat {a}} \mathbf {b}$

## Unit vector

In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in ${\hat {\mathbf {v} }}$ (pronounced "v-hat"). This is especially common in physics context.

## Fourier transform

The Fourier transform of a function $f$ is traditionally denoted by ${\hat {f}}$.

## Operator

In quantum mechanics, operators are denoted with hat notation. For instance, see the time-independent Schrödinger equation, where the Hamiltonian operator is denoted ${\hat {H}}$.
${\hat {H}}\psi =E\psi$
# Hat tip

A hat tip (abbreviation: h/t), also referred to as tip of the cap, is an act of tipping or (especially in British English) doffing one's hat as a cultural expression of recognition, respect, gratitude or simple salutation and acknowledgement between two persons.

## Traditional

In Western societies of the 19th and early 20th centuries, a hat tip was a common non-verbal greeting between friends or acquaintances while walking or meeting at a social gathering. Typically, two men (female hat tipping was rare) would lift or tip their hats to each other, rather than exchange words of greeting. Where the ritual was used to emphasize social distance, the subordinate was obliged to make the more elaborate gesture, for example fully removing his hat while the superior merely touched his. The military hand salute is thought to have originated as a stylized hat tip; while the civilian may return a salute via a hat tip. In its modern use, the hat tip has been replaced by the nod as a manner of respect. If one man gives another the nod, he should return in kind with either the casual nod up or the formal nod down.
Erving Goffman emphasized the role of hat-tipping as a means of closing encounters between male and female, and restoring both parties thereby to a state of civil inattention. He also suggested that the hat tip was used for greeting a stranger, whereas the equivalent greeting for an acquaintance was the bow.
In Desmond Morris's terms, the hat tip is a modification of a (symbolic) submissive posture—lowering the body height by removing the hat—a "token token".

## Metaphor

In 1929, syndicated cartoonist Jimmy Hatlo started thanking readers who suggested a funny idea for a strip with the phrase "Thanx and a tip of the Hatlo hat to [name]" at the bottom of his comic strip panel They'll Do It Every Time. He continued drawing the hat tip box in the strip until his death in 1963.
In the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the government banned hat tipping toward Jews and other courtesies that became popular as protests against the occupation by Nazi Germany.
In the 2000s, the term "hat tip" (often abbreviated to "HT", "H/T" or "h/t") rose to prominence in the blogosphere to acknowledge someone who has made a significant contribution toward an effort, or someone who drew attention to something new or interesting. It is considered good netiquette when sharing a link or news item to give a hat tip to the person from whom it was learned. The on-line versions of the Wall Street Journal and The New York Times regularly give hat tips to users who bring ideas for articles to their attention.