OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# See (surname)

See is a surname of English origin. See may refer to:
* Carolyn See (1934–2016), American author
* Clyde See (1941–2017), American lawyer and politician
* Elliot See (1927–1966), American aviator and NASA astronaut
* John See (1844–1907), Premier of New South Wales from 1901 to 1904
* Lisa See (born 1955), American writer and novelist
* Thomas Jefferson Jackson See (1866–1962), American astronomer
# Palmerston North Bowling Club

Palmerston North Bowling Club is the oldest bowling club in Manawatu, established in 1889. It is unique in being the only freehold club in Palmerston North and one of a few in New Zealand. It has the largest membership of bowlers in Palmerston North.

## History

The Palmerston North Bowling Club was formed at a meeting held in the Commercial Hotel on 23 December 1889 with nine persons in attendance. A special committee was set up in November 1899 to investigate the purchase of a property in Taonui Street and to rent a strip of land on the North Side of the club in Lombard Street in order to allow for more playing area.
On 18 October 1958 the Linton Street complex comprising the new club rooms and two greens was opened by His Worship the Mayor Blair Tennant. As a member Phil Skoglund represented New Zealand at the 1970 Commonwealth Games. In 1989, the club celebrated its 100th year, by hosting a Centennial Tournament. The club annually holds a four player tournament attracting entries from all over New Zealand.

### Colours

The original club colours, decided upon at a meeting held 29 February 1892, were Grey and White striped coat and White hat with Grey band. These colours were re-affirmed at the Annual General Meeting 1900. The colours were changed by the General Committee in 1911, but there is no reference to the alteration. At a special meeting on 30 September 1914 the colours became Navy Blue with Gold facings. Any other changes are not recorded until mention of the present colours of Dark Blue and Gold coming into effect on 12 October 1946.

### Women’s Section

The formation of this followed the holding of a Special General Meeting in September 1975 by the Palmerston North Bowling Club, when the admittance of a Women’s Section was approved.

### NZ team selection

World Bowls 1966 Phil Skoglund
South Africa 1968 Phil Skoglund
Commonwealth Games 1970 Phil Skoglund
Newcastle Pairs 1983 K. A. Wing
Embassy World Bowls 1988 A. J. Seator

### Achievements

In 2008 Palmerston North Bowling Club won the Bowls New Zealand Lion Foundation Men’s National Interclub Championship. That year they also won Manawatu Sportsteam of the year.
# Financial crisis of 1914

The European liquidation of American securities in 1914 (also called the financial crisis of 1914) was the selloff of about $3 billion (equivalent to $91.26 billion in 2023) of foreign portfolio investments at the start of World War I, taking place at the same time as the broader July Crisis of 1914. Together with loans to finance the Allied war effort, made by J.P. Morgan and others, the liquidation of European-held securities transformed the United States from a debtor nation to a creditor nation for the first time in its history.
When Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914, global stock exchanges were non-functional after days of massive selloffs. American banker Frank A. Vanderlip wrote to his wife:
   You can not possibly have any conception of what has happened to the world. Civilization has broken down, and there is the most absolute derangement of a great part of our affairs.
After several consecutive days of sell offs, Treasury Secretary William Gibbs McAdoo closed the New York Stock Exchange on July 31. For four months the stock market remained closed to prevent the sale of British-held American securities. As the leading financial superpower in 1914, Britain was under tremendous pressure to maintain its gold payments. McAdoo was determined to keep pace but his ambitions were hampered by a Federal Reserve System still in its infancy. During the course of the crisis, McAdoo distributed gold to Treasury offices to protect the dollar and intervened in the near bankruptcy of New York City. On August 3, while the stock market was still closed, he increased the supply of paper money to avoid a run on the banks that would force them to suspend deposit convertibility, as they had in the Panic of 1907.
# Pareora River

The Pareora River is a river of the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. It has its origins in several small streams flowing from the Hunters Hills, and flows north before turning southeast to reach the Pacific Ocean at the southern end of the township of Pareora, 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Timaru. The river ends in a hapua-type river mouth, this means the flow to the ocean is impeded by a gravel bank.
# 2006–07 Macedonian Second Football League

The 2006–07 Macedonian Second Football League was the fifteenth season since its establishment. It began on 5 August 2006 and ended on 26 May 2007.

## Participating teams

| Club | City | Stadium | Capacity |
| Belasica | Strumica | Stadion Mladost | 6,370 |
| Cementarnica 55 | Skopje | Stadion Cementarnica | 2,000 |
| Ilinden | Velmej | Stadion Velmej | |
| Karaorman | Struga | Stadion Gradska Plazha | 500 |
| Madjari Solidarnost | Skopje | Stadion Boris Trajkovski | 3,000 |
| Metalurg | Skopje | Stadion Zhelezarnica | 3,000 |
| Milano | Kumanovo | Gradski stadion Kumanovo | 1,000 |
| Skopje | Skopje | Stadion Avtokomanda | 4,000 |
| Sloga Jugomagnat | Skopje | Chair Stadium | 6,000 |
| Teteks | Tetovo | Gradski stadion Tetovo | 15,000 |
| Turnovo | Turnovo | Stadion Kukush | 1,500 |
| Vardar Dekamel | Negotino | Gradski stadion Negotino | 1,500 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| 1 | Milano (C, P) | 33 | 21 | 6 | 6 | 74 | 31 | +43 | 69 | Promotion to Macedonian First League |
| 2 | Cementarnica 55 (P) | 33 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 53 | 24 | +29 | 59 | Promotion to Macedonian First League |
| 3 | Teteks | 33 | 16 | 6 | 11 | 48 | 32 | +16 | 54 | Qualification to Promotion play-off |
| 4 | Skopje | 33 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 32 | 21 | +11 | 49 | Qualification to Promotion play-off |
| 5 | Turnovo | 33 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 36 | 41 | −5 | 45 | |
| 6 | Sloga Jugomagnat | 33 | 12 | 7 | 14 | 48 | 46 | +2 | 43 | |
| 7 | Metalurg | 33 | 10 | 13 | 10 | 38 | 37 | +1 | 43 | |
| 8 | Madjari Solidarnost | 33 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 35 | 33 | +2 | 42 | |
| 9 | Belasica | 33 | 11 | 7 | 15 | 36 | 59 | −23 | 40 | |
| 10 | Karaorman | 33 | 12 | 3 | 18 | 37 | 50 | −13 | 39 | |
| 11 | Vardar Dekamel | 33 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 26 | 56 | −30 | 33 | |
| 12 | Ilinden Velmej | 33 | 5 | 12 | 16 | 30 | 63 | −33 | 21 | |
* ↑ Ilinden Velmej was deducted six points.

## Results

Every team will play three times against each other team for a total of 33 matches. The first 22 matchdays will consist of a regular double round-robin schedule. The league standings at this point will then be used to determine the games for the last 11 matchdays.

## Relegation playoff

Note: After the play-off chaos, the Football Federation of Macedonia was decided that no teams were relegated from the Second League and the all 5 winners from the Third League were promoted. In addition, the FFM was decided will be played an additional play-off match between the two second placed team from the Northern group of the Third League, Lokomotiva and the second placed from the Southwestern group Korabi and the winner Lokomotiva was promoted to the Second League.
# Ferizli

Ferizli is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. It takes its name from Feriz or Feyzi Ağa who lived in the region. The name used as Firuzlu during the Ottoman period took its current form over time. It is recorded that it was founded as Feriz or Feyzi Ağa Farm around 1400-1406, with the settlement of Armenians from Sivas who escaped from the tyranny of Timur. The farmland spread to the villages of Damlık in the east and Elmalık in the southwest. The town of Adapazarı (Donigaşen) was also founded by Armenian immigrants under the protection of the same bey.
Its area is 173 km$^2$, and its population is 30,741 (2022). The mayor is Mehmet Ata (iYi).

## Composition

There are 24 neighbourhoods in Ferizli District:
* Abdürrezzak
* Ağacık
* Akçukur
* Bakırlı
* Ceylandere
* Damlık
* Değirmencik
* Devlet
* Doğancı
* Gölkent
* Hocaoğlu
* İnönü
* İstiklal
* Karadiken
* Kemalpaşa
* Kuzca
* Nalköy
* Osmanağa Çiftliği
* Sarıahmetler
* Seyifler
* Sinanoğlu
* Teberik
* Tokat
* Yeni
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 278

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 278 (P. Oxy. 278 or P. Oxy. II 278) is a fragment of a Hire of a Mill, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated to 26 January 17. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts, 795) in London.

## Description

The document was written by Isidorus and Heracleus. Lease of a mill by Isidorus to Heracleus, son of Soterichus, for seven months, at the rent of 2 drachmae 3 obols a month.
The measurements of the fragment are 344 by 119 mm. The document is mutilated.
It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.
# Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 270

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 270 (P. Oxy. 270 or P. Oxy. II 270) is a fragment of an Indemnification of a Surety, in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It is dated between 26 January - 24 February 94. Currently it is housed in the British Library (Department of Manuscripts 793) in London.

## Description

The document is an agreement executed at Oxyrhynchus in the 13th year of Domitian between Lucia, with her second cousin Heras as guardian, and Sarapion. Sarapion had become surety for Lucia for the repayment of a loan of 3500 drachmae for two years and interest at the usual rate of 12 per cent a year, lent to Lucia by Heraclides on the security of various farms belonging to her.
The measurements of the fragment are 387 by 158 mm. The document is mutilated.
It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1899.
# Paratyndaris chamaeleonis

Paratyndaris chamaeleonis is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Paratype (moth)

Paratype is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Felder in 1874. They are found in the Neotropics.

## Species

* Paratype basivitta Walker, 1854
* Paratype ira Druce, 1889
* Paratype nigra Reich, 1936
* Paratype trifera Walker, 1869
* Paratype univitta Hampson, 1900
# Parerupa africana

Parerupa africana is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1910. It is found in Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania.
# Parerupa bipunctalis

Parerupa bipunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1919. It is found in Nigeria.
# Finite topology

Finite topology is a mathematical concept which has several different meanings.

## Finite topological space

A finite topological space is a topological space, the underlying set of which is finite.

## In endomorphism rings and modules

If A and B are abelian groups then the finite topology on the group of homomorphisms Hom(A, B) can be defined using the following base of open neighbourhoods of zero.
    $U_{x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}}=\{f\in \operatorname {Hom} (A,B)\mid f(x_{i})=0{\mbox{ for }}i=1,2,\ldots ,n\}$
This concept finds applications especially in the study of endomorphism rings where we have A = B. Similarly, if R is a ring and M is a right R-module, then the finite topology on ${\text{End}}_{R}(M)$ is defined using the following system of neighborhoods of zero:
    $U_{X}=\{f\in {\text{End}}_{R}(M)\mid f(X)=0\}$

## In vector spaces

In a vector space $V$, the finite open sets $U\subset V$ are defined as those sets whose intersections with all finite-dimensional subspaces $F\subset V$ are open. The finite topology on $V$ is defined by these open sets and is sometimes denoted $\tau _{f}(V)$.
When V has uncountable dimension, this topology is not locally convex nor does it make V as topological vector space, but when V has countable dimension it coincides with both the finest vector space topology on V and the finest locally convex topology on V.

## In manifolds

A manifold M is sometimes said to have finite topology, or finite topological type, if it is homeomorphic to a compact Riemann surface from which a finite number of points have been removed.
# Pomerantz

Pomerantz or Pomeranz may refer to the following:
* Abraham Pomerantz (1903–1982), American lawyer, father of Charlotte Pomerantz
* Charles Pomerantz (1896–1973), American entomologist
* Charlotte Pomerantz (1930–2022), American children's book author, daughter of Abraham Pomerantz
* David Pomeranz (born 1951), American singer-songwriter
* Drew Pomeranz (born 1988), American baseball pitcher
* Gary M. Pomerantz (born 1960), American author and journalist
* Hart Pomerantz, Canadian lawyer and television personality
* Irith Pomeranz, Israeli electrical engineer
* Kenneth Pomeranz (born 1958), American economic historian
* Margaret Pomeranz (born 1944), Australian film critic
* Mark F. Pomerantz (born 1951), American attorney
* Martin A. Pomerantz (1916–2008), American physicist
* Mike Pomeranz (born 1967), American TV news anchor
* Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer (died 1934), the first woman elected to the Parliament of Poland
# Fionn Griffiths

Fionn Griffiths (born 27 August 1982, Shrewsbury, Shropshire) is a female British downhill mountain bike rider. She has won 19 Downhill (DH) and 4X world cups and stood on 57 World Cup podiums over the 18 years of her career. Griffiths founded and ran GR Management, a sports marketing agency in 2001 specialising in sports marketing - team, athlete and event management. Over her career she has owned and run multiple World Cup teams: The NORCO World Team, GR Orange, GR INTENSE, GR Evil, bringing overall team podium finishes in the UCI (Union Cycliste Internationale) Elite Team standings as well as representing many athletes in a management capacity. Over the years her athletes and teams have won multiple world championships and World Cup events across a range of sports.
Griffiths is a two time world cup champion. She holds 2 bronze and 3 silverworld championship medals as well as being a five time UK national champion in her discipline of DH. She also competed on the GB team for off-road motorcycle racing for a number of years and holds European Enduro champion title in this discipline
In 2015 Griffiths ended her race career prematurely when she landed a jump awkwardly (Fort William World Cup) resulting in a compression fracture of her lower spine for which later required a fusion surgery.
Following injury she moved to Asolo in Italy where she worked with her long time sponsor Alpinestars to design and develop their technician MX and Mountain Bike product lines.
She moved back to the UK in 2017 where she took a position with Husqvarna Motorcycles as the National Marketing and Events coordinator.
She is currently a firefighter in the West Midlands area.

## History

Griffiths first got into mountain biking when she had a car accident and used it to help her recovery from injuries sustained from the crash. She then continued to bike and at a local training day collected information from Mid Shropshire Wheelers club.
Over her career she set up and ran a number of world cup UCI teams starting with The NORCO World Team, Intense and then KTM.

## Injuries

In 2004 Griffiths broke her ankle at the start of the season. In an interview with BBC Wales she talked about the incident: "It was one of the biggest mistakes I've ever made. I'm only now beginning to realize how to mentally put myself back together." She ended up breaking her ankle 7 times in a year and a half after trying to continue her race season despite her injuries. over her career she also sustained other multiple major injuries including, concussions, broken wrists, hip injury, fractured neck, fractured thoracic spine, multiple dislocated shoulders, ribs and fingers and Internal bleeding.
# Fionidae

Fionidae is a family of sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Fionoidea.

## Taxonomic history

This family was expanded to include Tergipedidae, Eubranchidae and Calmidae as a result of a molecular phylogenetics study. This was reversed in 2017 with further DNA evidence and a re-interpretation of genus and family characteristics.

## Genera

Genera within the family Fionidae include:
* Fiona Alder & Hancock [in Forbes & Hanley], 1853
* Calma Alder & Hancock, 1855
* Cuthona Alder & Hancock, 1855
* Cuthonella Bergh, 1884
* Eubranchus Forbes, 1838
* Murmania Martynov, 2006
* Tenellia A. Costa, 1866
* Tergipes Cuvier, 1805
* Tergiposacca Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov & Gosliner, 2016
* Rubramoena Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov & Gosliner, 2016
* Abronica Cella, Carmona, Ekimova, Chichvarkhin, Schepetov & Gosliner, 2016
# Parmena unifasciata

Parmena unifasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Rossi in 1790, originally under the genus Lamia. It has a fairly wide distribution throughout Europe.
# Parmena pubescens

Parmena pubescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dalman in 1817, originally under the genus Lamia. It has a wide distribution between Europe and Africa. It feeds on Ficus carica and Nerium oleander.

## Subspecies

* Parmena pubescens pilosa (Brullé, 1833)
* Parmena pubescens pubescens (Dalman, 1817)
# Paramjeet Singh Kattu

Paramjeet Singh Kattu is an Indian filmmaker and academic known for his directorial work in The Saviour Brig. Pritam Singh which won the National Film Award for Best Investigative Film.

## Early life and education

Paramjeet Kattu holds a Ph.D. in literature and has spent over a decade in the field of filmmaking. His academic background informs his approach to storytelling, emphasizing research and authenticity in his work.

## Filmmaking career

Paramjeet Kattu has directed several notable films, each demonstrating his talent and dedication to the craft. His early work includes the short film "Adda Khadda" (2012), which explores the complexities of life through a folk sport of Punjab. He gained further recognition with his critically acclaimed films "Stray Star" (2018) and "Teaseailure" (2021), which received awards and accolades for their artistic excellence.
# Pompa

Pompa is a commune in Făleşti District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Pervomaisc, Pompa and Suvorovca.
# Parorsidis rondoni

Parorsidis rondoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1962.
# Paranomus spicatus

Paranomus spicatus, the Kogelberg sceptre, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Paranomus and forms part of the fynbos . The plant is native to the Western Cape where it occurs in the Hottentots Holland Mountains from Sir Lowry's Pass to Kogelberg.
The shrub grows up to 1 m tall and flowers from September to November. Fire destroys the plant but the seeds survive. The plant is bisexual and pollination takes place through the action of insects. The fruit ripens, two months after flowering, and the seeds fall to the ground where they are spread by ants. The plant grows in shale soil which is also suitable for vineyards at heights of 200-300m.
In Afrikaans it is known as perdebos or poppies.
# Paranonychus brunneus

Paranonychus brunneus is a species of armoured harvestman in the family Paranonychidae. It is found in eastern North America, ranging from Oregon through Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska.
# 2007–08 FC Hansa Rostock season

During the 2007–08 German football season, FC Hansa Rostock competed in the Bundesliga.

## Season summary

Hansa were relegated after one season back in the Bundesliga. As of 2021, it remains their last top-flight season to date.

## Players
### First-team squad

    Squad at end of season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | GER | Stefan Wächter |
| 2 | DF | GER | Dexter Langen |
| 3 | DF | USA | Heath Pearce |
| 4 | DF | BRA | Orestes |
| 5 | DF | GER | Benjamin Lense |
| 7 | MF | GER | René Rydlewicz |
| 8 | MF | MNE | Đorđije Ćetković |
| 9 | FW | GER | Enrico Kern |
| 10 | MF | TUR | Zafer Yelen |
| 11 | MF | GER | Sebastian Hähnge |
| 12 | MF | GER | Marc Stein |
| 13 | DF | GER | Tim Sebastian |
| 14 | MF | CAN | Ryan Gyaki |
| 15 | DF | GER | Christian Rahn |
| 16 | DF | COD | Assani Lukimya-Mulongoti |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 17 | MF | GER | Tobias Rathgeb |
| 18 | FW | IRN | Amir Shapourzadeh |
| 20 | FW | FRA | Régis Dorn |
| 21 | GK | GER | Jörg Hahnel |
| 22 | MF | GER | Stefan Beinlich |
| 23 | DF | BRA | Diego Morais |
| 25 | MF | GER | Simon Tüting |
| 26 | FW | COD | Addy-Waku Menga |
| 27 | MF | GER | Fin Bartels |
| 28 | FW | NGA | Victor Agali |
| 30 | GK | GER | Perry Bräutigam |
| 31 | DF | GER | Kai Bülow |
| 32 | MF | GER | Sebastian Albert |
| 33 | DF | BRA | Gledson |
| 35 | GK | USA | Kenneth Kronholm |

### Left club during season

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 24 | FW | GER | Marcel Schied (to Carl Zeiss Jena) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 29 | GK | GER | Patric Klandt (to FSV Frankfurt) |

## Transfers
### FC Hansa Rostock

| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | DF | USA | Heath Pearce (from FC Nordsjælland, 16 July) |
| — | DF | BRA | Orestes (from Naval) |
| — | FW | COD | Addy-Waku Menga (from VfL Osnabrück) |
| — | DF | GER | Benjamin Lense (from VfL Bochum) |
| — | DF | BRA | Diego Morais Pacheco (from Villa Rio) |
| — | MF | GER | Fin Bartels (from Holstein Kiel) |
| — | MF | CAN | Ryan Gyaki (from Sheffield United) |
| — | MF | GER | Simon Tüting (from VfL Osnbrück II) |
| — | GK | GER | Stefan Wächter (from Hamburger SV) |
| — | FW | NGA | Victor Agali (Ankaragücü, free) |
| — | DF | BRA | Gledson (VfB Stuttgart, 3 January) |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | MF | GER | Michael Hartmann (to F.C. Hansa Rostock II) |
| — | MF | GER | Anton Müller (to Chemnitzer FC) |
| — | DF | GER | Martin Pohl (to FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt) |
| — | DF | BRA | Gledson (to VfB Stuttgart) |
| — | GK | GER | Mathias Schober (to FC Schalke 04) |
| — | DF | DEN | Kim Madsen (to Aarhus GF) |
| — | MF | GER | Kevin Hansen (to FC Erzgebirge Aue) |
| — | MF | GER | Maik Wagefeld (to Dynamo Dresden) |
# Filifusus glaber

Filifusus glaber is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# Filifusus manuelae

Filifusus manuelae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 101.9 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar.