OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peace History Society

The Peace History Society is an American scholarly society, affiliated to the American Historical Association, which defines its purpose as "The scholarly study of the deep-rooted causes of peace and war and the means to secure and maintain nonviolent resolutions to conflicts."
It was founded in 1964 in the aftermath of the assassination of John F. Kennedy, initially under the name Conference on Peace Research in History. It was renamed as the Peace History Society in 1994. Since 1972 it has published the journal Peace & Change: a Journal of Peace Research jointly with the Peace and Justice Studies Association.
# Pacific Regional Workshop on Leadership Development

The Pacific Regional Workshop on Leadership Development was held in Lami, near Suva, in 2005. The Workshop was prepared by the Governance Program at the University of the South Pacific, with financial assistance from NZ Aid. Approximately 60 Participants from more than 14 Pacific countries, having considered the challenges of leadership facing the Pacific region in a variety of sectors, crafted a statement calling the region's leaders to be more attentive to the needs of Pacific People. The statement reads:
   "We the delegates of the Pacific Regional Workshop on Leadership Development held July 7–9, 2005 in Suva, have listened to the many ‘Voices from the Pacific’ and discussed many leadership issues in various sectors. We acknowledge and applaud many good leaders who seek to serve the people in all aspects of our societies. Equally, the detrimental effects of poor leadership are of concern to all of us. Recalling the Pacific Vision adopted by the Pacific Leaders in Auckland on 6th April 2004, we firmly believe :
   * that good leadership is vital in all of our sectors and will greatly impact the lives of our people and the well being of our nations;
   * that investing in and developing leaders is vital for our survival and future happiness;
   * that leadership development opportunities must be widely and equally available to all irrespective of race, colour, creed, political beliefs or gender; and,
   * we the delegates personally accept the challenge to support leadership development activities in our own countries.
   Further, we respectfully ask the Pacific Forum Leaders to hear our support for the ‘Pacific Vision’ and our call for their endorsement by supporting and investing in culturally appropriate leadership development initiatives that will help make the ‘Pacific Vision’ a reality. Kiribati, FSM, Samoa, Nauru, PNG, Fiji, Solomons, Tonga, Vanuatu, Palau, Marshall Islands, Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Niue, Tokelau."
Subsequent to this meeting, the University of the South Pacific established a "Pacific Leadership Development Network", which held its first meeting in March 2007.
# Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken

Hoffmann's Stärkefabriken (English: Hoffman's Starch Factories) was a German company that produced starch and food chemicals. It was founded in 1850 and ceased operations in 1990.
It was the oldest industrial company in Bad Salzuflen, North Rhine-Westphalia-area of Germany.
# Edna Luby

Edna Luby (October 12, 1884 – October 1, 1928) was an American actress and comedian. She acted on stage and in silent films and performed in vaudeville as a celebrity impersonator. Luby was the niece of Sigmund Lubin, a pioneer film producer.

## Early life

Edna Luby was born in New York City to Jewish parents Louis and Emma Luby. Her father was an optician. A short while later Luby and her family relocated to London, England, where as a young girl she attracted some attention by mimicking her classmates. She soon developed a keen interest in the theatre that was nourished by her mother when, at the age of ten, she began receiving elocution instructions from the American-born British actress, Geneviève Ward.

## Career

Luby was back in New York by 1900 where she made her professional stage debut at the Garden Theatre as a stand-in for actress May Buckley in Hearts Are Trumps that year during its February to May run. Hearts Are Trumps, a four-act melodrama, was written by Cecil Raleigh, produced by Charles Frohman and had also introduced to Broadway theatergoers a young Cecil B. De Mille. In late 1902 Luby was well received at the Madison Square Theatre, New York after she succeeded Jessie Busley in the rôle of Estelle in The Two Schools. In December 1903 Luby played Greta opposite Fritzi Scheff in Babette at the Broadway Theatre, and a subsequent road tour. In May 1907 she joined the cast of the Anna Held hit musical comedy A Parisian Model at the Broadway Theatre. and later that year she appeared in the original 1907 Ziegfeld Follies production, playing Miss Mimique and Miss Edna Might.
During this time Luby often appeared in vaudeville at venues operated by Tony Pastor, Keith and Proctor and Percy G. Williams, performing her imitations of popular celebrities. She played in at least four silent films between 1910 and 1916. The Immortal Flame, her last, was a five-reel melodrama written and produced by Ivan Abramson and starred Maude Fealy.

## Death and burial

Sometime after Luby married Samuel Thor, a pharmacist, she left the stage to reside in Great Neck, Long Island. She died after an extended illness at Montefiore Hospital, Bronx, New York, just 2 weeks shy of her 44th birthday.
She is buried in Mount Zion Cemetery in New York City.
# 17473 Freddiemercury

17473 Freddiemercury (provisional designation 1991 FM$_3$) is a stony Massalian asteroid from the inner regions asteroid belt, approximately 3.4 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 21 March 1991, by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, and later named in memory of Freddie Mercury.

## Classification and orbit

Freddiemercury is a member of the Massalia family (404), a large family of stony S-type asteroids with low inclinations in the inner main belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,350 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins 9 years prior to its official discovery observation, with its identification as 1982 VC$_9$ at Crimea–Nauchnij in November 1982.

## Physical characteristics

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Freddiemercury measures 3.4 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.313.
As of 2017, the asteroid's exact composition, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown.

## Naming

On 4 September 2016, one day before what would have been Freddie Mercury's 70th birthday, the International Astronomical Union and the Minor Planet Center named the asteroid after Mercury, as it was discovered the same year as Mercury's death, (M.P.C. 101215) and its provisional designation included his initials, FM. The approved naming was announced by Mercury's Queen bandmate Brian May at Montreux Casino to mark Mercury's 70th birthday.
# L-Ribonucleic acid aptamer

An L-ribonucleic acid aptamer (L-RNA aptamer, trade name Spiegelmer) is an RNA-like molecule built from L-ribose units. It is an artificial oligonucleotide named for being a mirror image of natural oligonucleotides. L-RNA aptamers are a form of aptamers. Due to their L-nucleotides, they are highly resistant to degradation by nucleases. L-RNA aptamers are considered potential drugs and are currently being tested in clinical trials.

## Features
### Chemical properties

L-RNA aptamers, built using L-ribose, are the enantiomers of natural oligonucleotides, which are made with D-ribose. Nucleic acid aptamers, including L-RNA aptamers, contain adenosine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate, cytidine monophosphate, uridine monophosphate, a phosphate group, a nucleobase and a ribose sugar.

### Biological characteristics

Like other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are able to bind molecules such as peptides, proteins, and substances of low molecular weight. The affinity of L-RNA aptamers to their target molecules often lies in the pico to nanomolar range and is thus comparable to antibodies.
L-RNA aptamers themselves have low antigenicity. In contrast to other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers have high stability in blood serum, since they are less susceptible to be cleaved hydrolytically by enzymes. They are excreted by the kidneys in a short time due to their low molar mass (which is below the renal threshold).
L-RNA aptamers modified with a higher molar mass, such as PEGylated L-RNA aptamers, show a prolonged plasma half-life.

## Production

Unlike other aptamers, L-RNA aptamers are not directly made using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), as L-nucleic acids are not amenable to enzymatic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), used in SELEX. Therefore, the selection is done with mirrored target molecules.

### Reflection of the target molecule

The first step is the production of the target's enantiomer. In the case of peptides and small proteins that are produced synthetically, an enantiomer is made using synthetic D-amino acids. If the target is a larger protein molecule, beyond synthetic abilities, the enantiomer of an epitope is produced.

### SELEX

Conventional (up to 10$^{16}$ different oligonucleotides) existing molecule library serves as a starting point for the subsequent SELEX process. Selection, separation, and amplification using the mirror image of the target molecule is performed.

### Sequencing and synthesis

The sequence of the oligonucleotide selected using SELEX is determined with the help of DNA sequencing. This information is used for the synthesis of the oligonucleotide's enantiomer, the L-RNA aptamer, using L-nucleotides.

## Use

L-RNA aptamers have been obtained for the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12, the complement components C5a and ghrelin. They are currently in preclinical or clinical development. Proof-of-concept for an anti-CCL2/MCP-1 L-RNA aptamers has recently been demonstrated in diabetic nephropathy patients. They can also be used as diagnostic agents.
# ECSE (Academic Degree)

ECSE is an abbreviation for Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Systems Engineering. It is a designation used at some universities for the major or department that blends these three fields together.
One reason behind linking the areas of study is to provide students with a broad overview of each of software, hardware and Systems theory. However there are also reasons for not blending departments: Students who major in theoretical computer science, studying such topics as algorithm analysis and software engineering, may not have any use for extensive electrical engineering or systems theory classes.
Not every university uses the ECSE designation. Several universities, for example, have separate EE/ECE and CS departments/majors. Other schools use the similar ECE (Electrical and Computer Engineering) designation. Additionally, some schools which offer an ECSE degree also offer degrees in Electrical Engineering or Computer Science separately.

## Academic Citation

"ECSE". Retrieved 2008-12-26.
# Women's Territorial Tournament

The Women's Territorial Tournament was a women's cricket competition organised by the Women's Cricket Association that ran from 1988 until 1994. It operated predominantly as a 55-over limited overs cricket competition, with 4 regional teams playing each other in a round robin format.
The tournament followed the Women's Area Championship and the teams playing in the Territorial Tournament were selected from players playing in the Area Championship. Teams in the Territorial Tournament were regionalised, comprising players from two or three Championship teams.
North Women were the most successful side in the history of the Territorial Tournament, winning four titles. Midwest Women won the other two titles, whilst there was no winner in 1991 as only two 3-day matches were played.

## History

The inaugural Territorial Tournament took place in 1988, following the 1988 Women's Area Championship and was won by North, winning all three of their games. North went on to be the most successful side in the Territorial Tournament, winning four titles, reflecting the simultaneous success of Yorkshire in the Area Championship, from which they drew many of their players. Midwest were the only other side to win the tournament, topping the table in 1989 and 1992. The tournament was played using a 55-over format in all years but one, 1991. In 1991, the tournament was instead made up of two 3-day matches, East v Midwest and North v South. Midwest beat East by 10 wickets, whilst the match between North and South was drawn.
The tournament's final season was in 1994 after which it was discontinued. The Area Championship was discontinued after the 1996 season, and was replaced by the Women's County Championship. The regional teams did survive however, and played warm-up games against touring international sides and for the 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup.

## Teams

Teams in the Territorial Tournament were regionalised, made up of a combination of teams that played in the Women's Area Championship. The teams that competed were:
| Team | Area Championship Teams | Area Championship Teams | Area Championship Teams |
| East | East Anglia | Kent | Sussex |
| Midwest | East Midlands | West | West Midlands |
| North | Lancashire and Cheshire | Yorkshire | |
| South | Middlesex | Surrey | Thames Valley |

## Winners

| Season | Winner | Runner-up |
| 1988 | North | Midwest |
| 1989 | Midwest | North |
| 1990 | North | South |
| 1991 | No overall winner | No overall winner |
| 1992 | Midwest | North |
| 1993 | North | Midwest |
| 1994 | North | East |
# Eucosma pupillana

Eucosma pupillana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.

## Description

The wingspan is 14–19 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to August in Europe.
The larvae feed on Artemisia absinthium. They feed inside the stems and roots of their host plant.

## Distribution

This species can be found in Great Britain, Spain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Italy included Sicily, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic region, Russia (Ural Mountains), Asia Minor, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and China (Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang).
# Guest of Darkness

Guest of Darkness (Spanish: El huésped de las tinieblas) is a 1948 Spanish historical drama film directed by Antonio del Amo and starring Carlos Muñoz and Pastora Peña. It portrays the life of the nineteenth century romanticist poet and writer Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.

## Cast

* Manuel Aguilera
* Fernando Aguirre
* Valeriano Andrés
* Manuel Arbó
* Mario Berriatúa
* Tomás Blanco
* Irene Caba Alba
* María Carrizo
* Carlos Casaravilla
* Félix Fernández
* Elda Garza
* Julia Lajos
* Arturo Marín
* Mari Paz Molinero
* Carlos Muñoz
* Nicolás D. Perchicot
* Pastora Peña
* Joaquín Roa
* Conrado San Martín
# Dieste

Dieste is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eladio Dieste (1917–2000), Uruguayan engineer
* Rafael Dieste (1899–1981), Galician poet, philosopher and short-story writer
# Natalie Wood: What Remains Behind

Natalie Wood: What Remains Behind is a 2020 American documentary film about the life and career of actress Natalie Wood. It is directed by Laurent Bouzereau and produced by Nedland Media, Amblin Television, and HBO Documentary Films. Producers include Bouzereau, Manoah Bowman, and Wood's daughter Natasha Gregson Wagner. The film premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival. It also premiered on HBO Max on May 5, 2020, and is available to stream on Hulu and other streaming platforms. It is rated TV-14.

## Appearances

* Natalie Wood (archive footage)
* Natasha Gregson Wagner – Daughter
* Julie Salamon – Author, Film Critic
* Robert Redford – Actor, Filmmaker
* Mia Farrow – Actor, Friend
* Courtney Wagner – Daughter of Natalie Wood
* Robert Wagner – Natasha's Stepfather, Actor
* George Hamilton – Actor
* Mart Crowley – Playwright, Friend
* David Niven Jr. – Producer, Friend
* Katie Wagner – Daughter of Robert J. Wagner
* Richard Gregson – Natasha's Biological Father
* Sarah Gregson – Daughter of Richard Gregson
* Delphine Mann – Friend
* Joshua Donen – Stepson of Robert J. Wagner
* Liz Applegate – Natalie's Personal Assistant 1977–1981
* Peter Hyams – Director, Peeper
* Richard Benjamin – Actor, Friend
* John Irvin – Filmmaker
* Alice Emmy Price – Natalie's Childhood friend
* Michael Childers – Photographer, Friend
* Alan Nierob – Publicist
* Dyan Cannon – Actor
* Elliott Gould – Actor
* Tonya Crowe – Actor
* George Segal – Actor
* Douglas Trumbull – Director, Brainstorm
* Julia Gregson – Wife of Richard Gregson
* Jill St. John – Wife of Robert J. Wagner, Actor

## Critical response

Natalie Wood: What Remains Behind has a 78% rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though it sheds little new light on the case, What Remains Behind paints a loving portrait of a starlet and mother gone too soon."
Some reviewers, including those from The New Yorker, The Guardian and CNN, noted Wood's conflicted psyche and the paradox of her death. Others, including Vanity Fair and the Los Angeles Times, felt the documentary's primary focus was to quell rumors that Wood's widower Robert Wagner was involved in her death.
# 1896 Frome by-election

The 1896 Frome by-election, was a by-election held on 2 June 1896 for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
The By-election was called when the incumbent Viscount Weymouth entered the House of Lords as the 5th Marquess of Bath in 1896 on the death of his father. Weymouth had been the Member of Parliament for Frome between 1886 and 1892 and from 1895 to 1896.
Weymouths brother Alexander Thynne stood as the Conservative Party candidate against the Liberal Party candidate John Barlow. The constituency had changed from Conservative to Liberal parties a number of times and Barlow had lost the seat at the 1895 General Election to Viscount Weymouth who had a majority of 383.

## Result

Barlow was elected the Member for Frome with majority of 299.
1896 Frome by-election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | John Barlow | 5,062 | 51.5 | +3.5 |
| | Conservative | Alexander Thynne | 4,763 | 48.5 | −3.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 299 | 3.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 9,825 | 83.7 | +0.3 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 11,736 | | |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | +3.5 | |
# Eucosma obumbratana

Eucosma obumbratana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe, China (Jilin), Russia and Kazakhstan.
The wingspan is 14–20 mm.The forewings are yellow-brown, usually lighter in the posterior part. At the outer edge there are a couple of short black longitudinal lines and at the tip a small, triangular white spot. The hindwings are grey-brown. Adults are on wing from July to August. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on the seedheads of Sonchus arvensis, Picris hieracioides and Centaurea jacea.
# HMS Cotswold

Editors' note: The page is not a dab page that follows the MOSDAB guidelines. It is a set index page, and follows the related set of guidelines. Please review the thread on the talk page that explains the difference. Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Cotswold:
* HMS Cotswold (1916) was a Hunt-class minesweeper launched in 1916 and sold in 1923 for scrapping.
* HMS Cotswold (L54) was a Hunt-class destroyer launched in 1940 and sold in 1957 for scrapping.
# Pingasa pseudoterpnaria

Pingasa pseudoterpnaria is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1858. It is found in China (Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Beijing, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan), Japan and India.
The wingspan is 32–35 mm.

## Subspecies

* Pingasa pseudoterpnaria pseudoterpnaria (Japan, China)
* Pingasa pseudoterpnaria gracilis Prout, 1916 (India)
* Pingasa pseudoterpnaria tephrosiaria (Guenée, [1858]) (India)
# Eumeella

Eumeella is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.'

## Species

* Eumeella latifrons Chao & Zhou, 1996
* Eumeella perdives (Villeneuve, 1926)
# Owen Sinclair

Owen Sinclair (13 November 1862 – 17 June 1927) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1915 to 1917, representing Port Melbourne for the Australian Labor Party and then as an independent.
He was born in Port Melbourne to sugar boiler Charles Sinclair and Sarah Duff. He worked as a glassblower, for the Victorian Railways and as a tobacconist in Bay Street, Port Melbourne. On 27 December 1887 he married Emma Margaret Hudson, with whom he had three children. In 1894, he pled guilty to charges associated with running an illegal betting operation out of his tobacconist shop and was fined. In 1915, the Port Melbourne Standard wrote that he was "by trade a flint glass maker" but did "not now follow that calling, as he is a man of independent means".
Sinclair had a long and prominent involvement in community and sporting roles in the Port Melbourne area. He served on Port Melbourne City Council from 1906 until his death, but reportedly declined the mayoralty as it came with an expectation of appointment as justice of the peace, and Sinclair did not wish to pass sentence on people. He was also a commissioner of the Melbourne Harbour Trust and member of the Melbourne Tramway Trust, chairman of Nott Street State School committee, and captain of the local fire brigade for many years, in which capacity he was seriously burned in an 1885 explosion at the Forresters Arms Hotel. Sinclair was also a keen sportsman, being a successful cricketer and footballer at local level, founder and trustee of the Port Melbourne Swimming Club, and for 17 years was a delegate of the Port Melbourne Football Club to the Victorian Football Association, becoming a life member of the Association.
In 1915, Sinclair was elected unopposed to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the endorsed Labor candidate in a by-election for the seat of Port Melbourne following the death of MP George Sangster. He lost Labor preselection for the 1917 election to James Murphy, then resigned from the party in an unsuccessful bid for re-election as an independent.
He later unsuccessfully contested the 1920 election as a "Democratic" candidate on a platform of free medical services for the poor, having the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court fill the role of Governor to save money, state-controlled railway works and granaries, free primary, secondary and tertiary education and the abolition of the Legislative Council.
Sinclair died at his home in Graham Street, Port Melbourne, in 1927 and was buried at the Melbourne General Cemetery. Flags were flown at half-mast at Victorian Football Association games that weekend, and a memorial tablet was later installed at the Port Melbourne Town Hall.
# LSE Clement House

Clement House is a building on the eastern edge of Aldwych, London. Designed by Scottish architect John James Burnet, the building was constructed in 1909–1910 as the London headquarters of the General Accident, Fire & Life Assurance Company. It was purchased by the London School of Economics in 1993 and subsequently converted into a teaching building.
# William K. Dickson

William K. Dickson may refer to:
* William Kennedy Dickson (1860–1935), French-Anglo-Scottish inventor
* William K. Dickson, author of The Jacobite Attempt of 1719 published in 1895
# HKKF

HKKF may stand for:
* Hong Kong & Kowloon Ferry, ferry company in Hong Kong
* Army Privates' and Corporals' Association, Danish trade union