OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair

Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair (fl. 1124–1134) was an illegitimate son of Alexander I of Scotland, and was an unsuccessful pretender to the Scottish throne. He is a relatively obscure figure owing primarily to the scarcity of source material, appearing only in pro-David English sources, which label him a "bastard".
When Alexander I died in 1124, Máel Coluim's uncle David I came to the throne with the help of King Henry I of England and David's own Norman retainers. Orderic Vitalis reports that Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair "affected to snatch the kingdom from [David], and fought against him two sufficiently fierce battles; but David, who was loftier in understanding and in power and wealth, conquered him and his followers".
Máel Coluim's war against David and Henry may have involved the death of David's eldest son. Before recounting the war against Máel Coluim, Orderic Vitalis reported the death of this son at the hands of an exiled Norwegian priest; but Orderic's account is so obscure that it is difficult to make anything of it. The priest was reportedly a member of David's household, and was put to death by being bound to the tails of four horses. Whether or not the two events were connected, Máel Coluim escaped unharmed into areas of Scotland not yet under David's control, and there gained shelter and some measure of support; when Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair renewed his claim to the throne six years later, he had the support and protection of the king of Moray.
In 1130, Máel Coluim enters the scant sources once more. Máel Coluim now had the backing of Óengus of Moray. King Óengus was David's most powerful "vassal", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland, even had his own claim to the kingdom. Máel Coluim and Óengus' forces had advanced into Angus when they were met by David's Mercian constable, Edward; the ensuing Battle of Stracathro took place near Brechin. According to the Annals of Ulster, 1000 of Edward's army, and 4000 of Óengus' army, including Óengus himself, died. According to Orderic Vitalis, Edward followed up the killing of Óengus by marching north into Moray itself, which, in his words, "lacked a defender and lord"; and so Edward, "with God's help obtained the entire duchy of that extensive district". However, this was far from the end of it. Máel Coluim again escaped, and four years of this continuing Scottish "civil war" followed; for David this period was quite simply a "struggle for survival".
It appears that David applied for and obtained extensive military aid from his patron, King Henry. Ailred of Rievaulx relates that at this point a large fleet and a large army of Norman knights, including Walter l'Espec, and were sent by Henry to Carlisle to assist in David's attempt to root out his Scottish enemies. The fleet seems to have been used in the Irish Sea, the Firth of Clyde and the entire Argyll coast, where Máel Coluim was probably at large among supporters. By 1134 Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle.
Máel Coluim's eventual fate is unknown. He was, and to a large extent still is, confused with Máel Coluim mac Áeda, son of Áed, later Mormaer of Ross.
# Optimized power control

Optimized Power Control, also known as Optimum Power Calibration, abbreviated OPC, is a function of optical disc recorders.
It checks the proper writing power and reflection of the media in use, calculating the optimum laser power and adjusting it for writing the particular session. More sophisticated is Active OPC or Running OPC. Active OPC monitors writing power and reflection of the media in use, calculating the optimum laser power and adjusting it in real-time, which, in theory, should result in a better quality burn.
# Wayne Clarkson

Wayne Clarkson (born 1943) is a retired Canadian film industry executive, who has been a key figure in Canadian film institutions such as the Festival of Festivals, the Canadian Film Centre and Telefilm Canada.
Clarkson began his career working for the Canadian Film Institute, including as director of its FilmExpo series and the Ottawa International Animation Festival. He joined the Festival of Festivals as director in 1978, remaining with the festival until becoming head of the Ontario Film Development Corporation in 1985. His stint as head of the OFDC was credited with kicking off the Toronto New Wave of new young film directors in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
In 1991 he succeeded Peter O'Brian as executive director of the Canadian Film Centre. He remained in that role until being appointed head of Telefilm Canada in 2005, and remained with Telefilm until being succeeded by Carolle Brabant in 2010.
In 2002, the Toronto Film Critics Association awarded Clarkson its Clyde Gilmour Award for distinguished contributions to the film industry in Canada.
His son Wyeth Clarkson is a film director and producer.
# Marasmius plicatulus

Marasmius plicatulus, also known as the red pinwheel or pleated marasmius, is a species of fungus. According to the Fungi of California website, "This handsome Marasmius is recognized by its velvety mahogany cap, slender stature, widely spaced pallid to pinkish gills, and shiny, thin, wiry stipe." The red pinwheel is often found in association with oak trees or conifers, and flushes most commonly during the winter months of November to January. Of the Marasmius species found on the Pacific coast of North America, the pleated is physically the largest. The red pinwheel appears to be predominantly known from western/coastal North America, although it has been observed as far inland as Idaho.
# Kandula

Kandula may refer to:
* Kandula (elephant), a famous war elephant
* Kandula Durgesh, Indian politician
* Kandula Mallikarjuna Rao, a popular Indian music composer and singer
* Kandula Obul Reddy, Indian politician
* Kandula Palem is a village located in Ramachandrapuram mandal in Andhra Pradesh
* Sai Varshith Kandula, suspect in a 2023 plot against the President of the United States
* Jaahnavi Kandula, Indian student killed in a road accident in the US
# Mecistocephalus nigriceps

Mecistocephalus nigriceps is a species of centipede in the Mecistocephalidae family. It was described in 1920 by American myriapodologist Ralph Vary Chamberlin.

## Description

This species is brownish with a generally black head, has 49 pairs of legs, and can reach 45 mm in length.

## Distribution

The species occurs in Fiji. The type locality is Nadarivatu.
# Martha Kostuch

Martha Kostuch (July 8, 1949, Moose Lake, Minnesota, United States — April 23, 2008, Rocky Mountain House, Alberta, Canada) was a Canadian veterinarian and an award-winning environmentalist. In her veterinary work, she identified reproductive and immunological problems among cattle to air pollutants, like sulphur dioxide, from the sour gas industry in the region. Her successful campaign to reduce that air pollution marked the beginning of her work as an environmentalist.
Kostuch and her husband, Tom M. Kostuch, moved to Alberta from Minnesota in 1975. They had two children by birth, and adopted two sons. In 2001, one of her sons was accused of plotting to murder her to acquire an inheritance. He pleaded guilty "to counselling to commit an offence" for offering a hit man $40,000.
In subsequent years she contributed her efforts to various environmental campaigns. These included blocking a hotel and golf course resort. In 1998 she charged a sand and gravel trucking business for violating the federal Fisheries Act. She campaigned to stop the building of the Oldman River Dam and followed with a legal campaign resulting in environmental improvements to the project when the dam was approved and a Supreme Court decision that environmental protection is in the jurisdiction of both the federal and provincial governments. In her work on the Clean Air Strategic Alliance committee, she was part of the effort that resulted in the reductions to air pollution.
In the fall of 2007, Kostuch announced that she had been diagnosed as terminal with multiple system atrophy. She declared her intention to choose when she would die, rather than letting the disease decide for her — supporting the right to die cause.

## Honours

In 1992, Kostuch received an Alberta Emerald Foundation award in the Individual Commitment category.
In 2002, Kostuch was given a Canadian Environment Awards: Community Award for Clean Air.
In 2003, she received the Nature Canada’s Douglas H. Pimlott Award.
In 2004, the Alberta Wilderness Association gave Kostuch an Alberta Wilderness Defenders Award.
On April 15, 2008, the Alberta Emerald Foundation announced that Kostuch would be presented with a Special Achievement Award at the June 3, 2008, awards ceremony.
On April 21, 2008, the government of Alberta announced an educational bursary to be established in Kostuch’s name and awarded annually. The bursary is to fund people from non-governmental organizations for studies in a certificate course in consensus building.
# Lévêque, Haiti

Lévêque is a village in the Cabaret commune in the Arcahaie Arrondissement, in the Ouest department of Haiti.
# Whisper (song)

"Whisper" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Lacy J. Dalton. it was released in April 1981 as the third single from the album Hard Times. The song reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Dalton and Mark Sherrill.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1981) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 10 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 12 |
# János Baranyai Decsi

János Baranyai Decsi or János Csimor Baranyai Decsi (Hungarian: Baranyai Decsi Csimor János) is a Hungarian Renaissance writer who lived in the 16th century. He lived in the Transylvanian court of Báthory Zsigmond.

## Life

He was born in Decs in Ottoman Hungary in 1560. His family name was Csimor. He belonged to the Calvinist Church.
He completed his studies in Tolna, Debrecen and Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca). In 1587, he travelled abroad accompanying the young Hungarian aristocrat, Ferenc Bánffy de Losoncz. The pair studied in Wittenberg, where Bánffy was elected as rector.
In 1590, they moved to Strasbourg. The family estate had been ruined by the Ottoman Turks. In 1592, he moved to Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca), where the Duke, Sigismund Báthory supported him. The following year, he moved to Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureş) where he began working as a teacher, which he held until his death.
He travelled a great deal, to Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia), to Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca), and once even to Strasbourg to be granted a higher degree.

## History of Hungary 1592–1598

Baranyai was close to the official documents of the Transylvanian court, he mentions as informators Márton Pethe, Demeter Naprágyi, Ferenc Dersffy, Sebestyén Thököly, László Hommonai, Miklós Czobor. He even interviewed the beg of Lippa (now Lipova) Mohamed in prison.
His source for earlier periods is often Antonio Bonfini. His relation to the Catholic duke was contradictory; on the one hand Baranyai needed the prince's support to finance his own work, but Baranyai often spoke out against what he perceived as the duke's crimes and impotence in military or political matters. He often quotes the facts without commentary.
The work would copy Antonio Bonfini in its structure, written in the form of the ten decades of Hungarian history but Baranyai only wrote the tenth decade, which turned out to be similar.
First editions are of Marton Kovachich 1798 and of Ferenc Toldy in 1866.

## Works

* Hungarian translation of Sallust's Catilina, Iugurtha published in 1609
* Hodoeporicon
* History of Hungary 1592–1598
* Poems in Latin and Greek
* Thesis on the Hunnic-Scythian alphabet
* Hungarian translation of Erasmus of Rotterdam's proverb collection
* Essay on the Hungarian Law "Syntagma institutinonum iuris imperialis ac Ungarici" published 1593 in Kolozsvár

## Literature

Baranyi Decsi János magyar historiája (1592–1598) Budapest 1981 Helikon translated from Latin by Kulcsár Péter

## Sources

* ↑ Az Caius Crispus Sallustiusnak két históriája. ISBN 9789630517584.
* 1 2 Decius Barovius, Joannes C. (1982). Baranyai Decsi János magyar históriája: 1592-1598. ISBN 9789630728515.
# Manulea minor

Manulea minor is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the Russian Far East (southern Primorye) and Japan.
# Up-island spider

The up-island spider, also known as a hearse-house spider, is thought to be a species of unusually large wolf spider that inhabits part of Islesboro, Maine.

## Description

The up-island spider is said to be a dark brown spider with red eyes, sharing shape and markings with wolf spiders common in the United States. Its unusual feature is its size, by some reports spanning up to 8 inches with its legs splayed out. Some specimens are reported to be large and heavy enough to create audible footsteps in a quiet room.
While capable of making strands of silk, evidently to aid mobility, the spider is not known to construct webs or nets. It hunts and pounces on prey like a wolf spider. Also, like a wolf spider, it carries its newly hatched young on its back.

## Habitat

The up-island spider is known to inhabit only a small range above the narrow tidal isthmus that connects the northern and southern halves of the island of Islesboro, Maine.
Islesboro residents believe that the center of the up-island spider population distribution is the area around a local church, leading to speculation that the spiders might have arrived on the island in a coffin. "Hearse house" spider is thought to be the oldest name for the spider because long ago they were found in the carriage houses where hearses were stored. There have been limited reports of sightings of these spiders down-island, but they appear to be smaller and not as common as those frequently seen up-island.
# F2008

F2008 may refer to:
* Ferrari F2008, a Formula One car
* Fortran, a programming language
# Emeopedus insidiosus

Emeopedus insidiosus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pascoe in 1864.
# Lévy metric

In mathematics, the Lévy metric is a metric on the space of cumulative distribution functions of one-dimensional random variables. It is a special case of the Lévy–Prokhorov metric, and is named after the French mathematician Paul Lévy.

## Definition

Let $F,G:\mathbb {R} \to [0,1]$ be two cumulative distribution functions. Define the Lévy distance between them to be
    $L(F,G):=\inf\{\varepsilon >0|F(x-\varepsilon )-\varepsilon \leq G(x)\leq F(x+\varepsilon )+\varepsilon ,\;\forall x\in \mathbb {R} \}.$
Intuitively, if between the graphs of F and G one inscribes squares with sides parallel to the coordinate axes (at points of discontinuity of a graph vertical segments are added), then the side-length of the largest such square is equal to L(F, G).
A sequence of cumulative distribution functions $\{F_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty }$ weakly converges to another cumulative distribution function $F$ if and only if $L(F_{n},F)\to 0$.
# Down on the Street (album)

Down on the Street is the fifth studio album by the London jazz-funk band Shakatak, released in 1984. The album peaked at no. 17 on the UK Albums Chart, and produced the band's second top-ten UK single "Down on the Street", which peaked at no. 9 on the UK Singles Chart. The album produced two other singles: "Watching You" and "Don't Blame It on Love".

## Track listing

All tracks written by Bill Sharpe & Roger Odell except where noted.
Side A
* "Down on the Street" – 3:22
* "Holding On" (George Anderson/Jill Saward) – 4:34
* "Summer Sky" – 4:22
* "Hypnotised" (Sharpe) – 4:28
Side B
* "Don't Blame It on Love" – 3:25
* "Photograph" – 4:25
* "Watching You" – 5:22
* "Fire Dance" – 5:00
* "Lady (To Billie Holiday)" – 3:11

## Charts
### Album charts

| Chart (1984–85) | Peak position |
| UK Albums Chart | 17 |
| Dutch Album Top 100 | 14 |
| Germany Top 100 Albums | 18 |
| Norwegian Charts | 19 |
| Swiss Hitparade | 14 |

### Singles charts

| Single | Chart | Peak position |
| "Watching You" | UK Singles Chart | 79 |
| "Watching You" | Dutch Singles | 14 |
| "Watching You" | Ultratop Belgian Charts | 32 |
| "Down on the Street" | Dance Club Songs (U.S.) | 27 |
| "Down on the Street" | UK Singles Chart | 9 |
| "Down on the Street" | Top 100 Singles (Germany) | 17 |
| "Down on the Street" | Dutch Singles | 31 |
| "Down on the Street" | French Singles Chart | 25 |
| "Down on the Street" | Ultratop Belgian Charts | 23 |
| "Don't Blame It on Love" | UK Singles Chart | 55 |

## Personnel

* Jill Saward – vocals
* Bill Sharpe – keyboards
* George Anderson – bass guitar
* Keith Winter – guitars
* Roger Odell – drums
# Denailer

A denailer is a tool for removing nails from lumber to facilitate its reuse. Two types of denailer are available:
* A stationary denailer is a machine designed for single-purpose use, e.g. pallet refurbishing.
* A portable denailer is a hand-held pneumatically-powered tool. It works by driving out the nail from the point end in pieces of nailed lumber which have been pried apart. The process of denailing (removing large numbers of nails from salvaged lumber) is greatly expedited by using this specialized tool.
# Manulea hyalinofuscatum

Manulea hyalinofuscatum is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on Wrangel Island and in Chukotka.
# Neddy

Neddy or Neddie may refer to:
* Neddy Rose (born 1981), Seychellois football player
* Neddy Smith (born 1944), Australian criminal and crime writer
* Neddy Merrill, protagonist of the short story "The Swimmer" by John Cheever
* Neddy, a character who is Princess Bubblegum’s brother in the animated series Adventure Time
* Neddie Seagoon, a character in the 1950s British radio comedy show The Goon Show
# Figueiredo (Braga)

Figueiredo is a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Braga. The population in 2011 was 1,198, in an area of 2.03 km$^2$.
# Josef Wagner (water polo)

Josef Wagner (born 17 March 1886, date of death unknown) was an Austrian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
# F20

F20, F-20, F.XX, or F-XX may refer to:
* F20 manual transmission, a General Motors transmission
* Northrop F-20 Tigershark, a combat aircraft
* Farmall F-20, a model of Farmall tractor
* Fokker F.XX, a Dutch airliner
* Fujifilm FinePix F20, a digital camera
* HMS Gurkha (F20), a British ship
* Schizophrenia ICD-10 code
* BMW 1 Series (F20)
* A Honda F engine
* Fluorine-20 (F-20 or $^{20}$F), an isotope of fluorine
* F20 (full, F20T12) is a very common size of 24" x 1.5" (610mm x 38mm) fluorescent lamp used in many parts of the world.
# Wisconsin Highway 74

State Trunk Highway 74 (often called Highway 74, STH-74 or WIS 74) was a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. A semi-urban road that ran entirely in Waukesha County, it went north from Pewaukee and turned east at Sussex toward Menomonee Falls.

## Route description

WIS 74 began at the interchange of Redford Boulevard (County Trunk Highway F, CTH-F) and Capitol Drive (WIS 190) in Pewaukee. The interchange is a jug-handle with exit ramps from Capitol Drive on the northeast and southeast corners. At one time, this was the northern terminus for WIS 164, before it was extended north and routed to the west.
WIS 74 followed a mostly northern route into Sussex, passing several rock quarries on its way into the town. In Sussex, WIS 74 turned east onto Main Street, crossing over a set of railroad tracks and passing the Quad Graphics printing plant. At the intersection with Town Line Road, WIS 74 turned north under a railroad trestle and heads towards the northwest into the town of Lannon. The route continued on Main Street in Menomonee Falls, where it crossed WIS 175 (Appleton Avenue).
WIS 74 ended at its intersection with U.S. Highway 41/U.S. Highway 45 (US 41/US 45) and WIS 100. WIS 100 runs east from the interchange to the County Line, then runs east on Brown Deer Road to its northeast terminus at v32.
On November 1, 2015, WIS 74 was removed from the state highway system. It was replaced by an extension of CTH-F until it reached the Menomonee Falls village limits. East of that point, it became simply local roads.

## Major intersections

The entire route was in Waukesha County.
| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| Pewaukee | 0.0 | 0.0 | WIS 190 to WIS 164 – Milwaukee CTH-F | Roadway continued as CTH-F |
| Menomonee Falls | 10.2 | 16.4 | WIS 175 (Appleton Street) | |
| Menomonee Falls | 11.68 | 18.80 | US 41 / US 45 / WIS 100 west – Milwaukee, Fond du Lac WIS 100 east (Main Street) | Roadway continued as eastbound WIS 100 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi |||||
# Organic infant formula

Organic infant formulas are synthetic substitutes to natural breast milk.

## United States requirements

Organic formulas manufactured in the United States must meet specific conditions regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture, the Agricultural Marketing Services and the National Organic Program. The system of organic production is managed in accordance with the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA) and regulations in Title 7, Part 205 of the Code of Federal Regulations. All three programs are designed to accredit state agencies and authorize businesses to certify producers and handlers of agricultural goods that operate according to the National Organic Program's regulations—such as enforcing the OFPA and Federal Title7, Part 205) as organic.
Organic infant formulas are manufactured with all production aspects certified as organic, including vitamins, cow's milk, sugar and the cleanliness of machines and of handlers.
# NGC 535

NGC 535 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It is estimated to be 222 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 65,000 light years. The supernova SN 1988ad was observed near these coordinates. NGC 535 was discovered on October 31, 1864, by astronomer Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest.
# Gangdaspur

Gangdaspur (Gaṅgdāspur) is a village in Kishni block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh. As of 2011, it had a total population of 1,037, in 161 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Gangdaspur had a population of 1,037, in 161 households.$^{:235}$ This population was 53.2% male (552) and 46.8% female (485). The 0-6 age group numbered 160 (74 male and 86 female), or 15.4% of the total population. 5 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 0.5% of the total.$^{:160–1}$
The 1981 census recorded Gangdaspur as having a population of 702 people, in 116 households.$^{:194–5}$
The 1961 census recorded Gangdaspur as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 471 people (251 male and 220 female), in 74 households and 54 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 314 acres.$^{:cvi}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Gangdaspur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:235–40}$
# Palace of Congresses

The Palace of Congresses (Albanian: Pallati i Kongreseve) is a venue in Tirana, Albania, where numerous multi-genre concerts, exhibition, festivals, competitions and other events are held, including the annual Festivali i Këngës and Kënga Magjike and the Tirana Book Fair.
It was built during the late communist era to host the Congresses of the Party of Labour of Albania and other official activities. Today, the palace is used as a venue for conferences, festivals, exhibitions, ceremonies, concerts and more. It currently has a capacity of 2,100 seats.
There are three other smaller halls, with a smaller capacity of 150, 280 and 300 people, designed as working environments for different meetings and occasions.
# Paramesiodes

Paramesiodes is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae. The genus was erected by Alexey Diakonoff in 1960.

## Species

* Paramesiodes albescens (Meyrick, 1912)
* Paramesiodes aprepta Bradley, 1965
* Paramesiodes chloradelpha (Meyrick, 1912)
* Paramesiodes geraeas (Meyrick, 1909)
* Paramesiodes longirostris Diakonoff, 1960
* Paramesiodes minor Diakonoff, 1960
* Paramesiodes temulenta (Meyrick, 1912)