OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# World Disc Games

The World Disc Games (WDG) is a semi-regular event that brings the entire world flying disc community together for a week of overall disc events that allow people to compete in and enjoy disc sports. Beginning in 1978, and originally called the Santa Cruz Flying Disc Classic, the WDG has its home in Santa Cruz, California, with promoter and hall of fame disc sport player Tom Schot.
Disc sports competitions at the WDG include ultimate, freestyle, disc golf, discathon, self-caught flight, accuracy, distance, and double disc court. In July 2003, World Disc Games X held in Santa Cruz with over 500 participants.
# Gugava

Gugava is a Georgian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Georgi Gugava (born 1978), Georgian judoka
* Lexo Gugava (born 1982), Georgian rugby union player
# Guramba shrew

The Guramba shrew (Crocidura phaeura) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests.

## Sources

* Lavrenchenko, L. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Crocidura phaeura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T5580A115075271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T5580A22304906.en. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
vteExtant species of Eulipotyphla :
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria :
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Erinaceinae :
Family: Erinaceidae
subfamily: Galericinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Crocidurinae (continued) :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Soricinae (tribe: Soricini) :
Family: Soricidae
subfamily: Myosoricinae :
Family: Talpidae :
Family: Solenodontidae :
* This article about a white-toothed shrew is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gunnar Taucher

Jarl Gunnar Taucher (Vaasa, 2 May 1886 — Helsinki, 15 March 1941), was a Finnish architect who first came to prominence in the first decades of the 20th century for his architecture designed in the style of Nordic Classicism, though later he turned to the Functionalist modernist style.
Taucher studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology from 1904 to 1908. Among his first works, designed with colleagues Gösta Kajanus and Rafael Blomstedt during the 1910s, were modest single-family houses designed in the Helsinki suburb of Kulosaari. In 1913 Taucher began his career working for the City of Helsinki, reaching the position of City Architect in 1923. Helsinki had been suffering from a severe shortage of affordable housing and Taucher specialised in low-cost housing. He designed the first block of flats for tuberculosis sufferers, on Loviisankatu street (1924, extended in 1931). Taucher's most well-known achievement in municipal housing is at Makelankatu street 37–43 (1925–26); the buildings are regarded as one of the best examples of Nordic Classicism. The tripartite, three- and four-storey building of 160 metres long, dominates the centre of the working-class district of Vallila, and is concerned not only with housing provision but also with cityscape.
Taucher also designed several schools and educational buildings in Helsinki. His Finnish Language Adult Education Centre (1927) (which may haver had a significant input from his young talented assistant Pauli E. Blomstedt) is clearly still in the Nordic Classicism style, while the Käpylä primary school (1929) and the Aleksis Kivi Primary School (1934) are more pared-down examples of classicism compared to his early works, anticipating the move towards a more purist Modernism, shown in one of his later schools, the Lapinlahti school (1939). Other buildings (all in Helsinki) include the Helsinki Police station on Pieni Roobertinkatu 1–3 (1929), the Kivelä hospital (1935), the Alppila circular-shaped water tower (1938), and the Kamppi Electricity company premises (1939), which were later extended in the 1960s by architect Alvar Aalto. during the 1940s and 1950s, together with architect Hilding Ekelund, Taucher also designed the yellow kiosks in the Töölö area of Helsinki.

## Selection of works by Gunnar Taucher

* Housing for tuberculosis sufferers, Loviisankatu, Helsinki (1924–31)
* Workers' housing, Mäkelänkatu 37–43, Helsinki (1925–26)
* Door, Mäkelänkatu 37–43, Helsinki (1925–26)
* Korkeavuorenkatu 39, Helsinki (1929)
* Pieni Robertinkatu 1–3, Helsinki (1929)
* Aleksis Kivi School, Helsinki (1934)
* Alppila water tower, Helsinki (1938)
* Finnish Language Adult Education Centre, Helsinki (1927), and extension by Aulis Blomstedt (1959)
# Wu Xiangxiang

Wu Xiangxiang (simplified Chinese: 吴相湘; traditional Chinese: 吳相湘; pinyin: Wú Xiāngxiāng; 1912 – 21 September 2007) was a Chinese historian.

## Biography

Wu was born in Baisheng Lane, Changde, Hunan, in 1912. His great-grandfather Wu Qingyu (吳慶玉) and grandfather Wu Jintang (吳金棠; 1847 -1937) were small merchants. His father Wu Qilin (吳其林; 1878 - 1937) was a member of the Tongmenghui. In 1922, he moved to Changsha, capital of Hunan province, and entered Chuyi School (楚怡小學). Four years later, he attended the Mingde High School. In 1937, he graduated from Peking University, where he majored in history.
After university, Wu worked at the Academia Sinica in Changsha. When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, he worked in the Ninth War Zone Command of the Kuomintang. At that time, he wrote The Third Changsha Battle and other articles. After war, he became an editor of Palace Museum and associate professor of Lanzhou University.
After the government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan, Wu successively worked as a professor of the Department of History of National Taiwan University, chairman of the Department of History of Nanyang University in Singapore, and professor of the Institute of History of the Chinese Culture University. His students included Li Yongchi and Li Ao.
In November 1962, Wu was expelled from the Kuomintang. In 1975, he settled down in the United States. In 1996, he returned to mainland China to attend the International Academic Conference on Sun Yat-sen's 130th Birthday. He died in Illinois, on September 21, 2007, aged 95.

## Works

* 三生有幸 [Be the Most Supreme] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Zhong Hua Book Company. 2007. ISBN 9787101058192.
* 风云际会下的书生 [Scholars under the Wind and Cloud] (in Chinese). Beijing: Workers Publishing House. 2009. ISBN 9787500846239.
* 民国五十位军政人物列传 [Biographies of Fifty Military and Political Personalities in the Republic of China] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Workers Publishing House. 2011. ISBN 9787500848172.
* 民国人物列传 [Biography of the Republic of China] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Oriental Publishing House. 2015. ISBN 978-7-5060-7937-2.
* 晚清宫廷实纪 [Court Records in Late Qing Dynasty] (in Chinese). Beijing: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2016. ISBN 9787500097242.
* 现代史事论述 [Modern Historical Events] (in Chinese). Beijing: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2016. ISBN 9787500097280.
* 宋教仁传 [Biography of Song Jiaoren] (in Chinese). Beijing: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2016. ISBN 9787500097075.
# Eduardo Castex

Eduardo Castex is a small city, capital of Conhelo, in La Pampa Province, Argentina.
The city is a centre of agricultural activity and the main producer of wheat in La Pampa. Its name comes from the founder Ingeniero (Engineer) Eduardo Castex, in the first years of the 20th century. From the 1920s to the 1940s, it was populated with immigrants coming from Italy, and parts of Spain such as many of Salamanca or Zamora. The population for Eduardo Castex is 9,347.

## Economy

Its economic activity is concentrated in livestock and agriculture. In recent years, tourism has gained strength.
# Guendembou

Guendembou is a town and sub-prefecture in the Guéckédou Prefecture in the Nzérékoré Region of south-western Guinea.
# Guenerina

Guenerina is a song written by singers Paul Sahlin and Monica Forsberg. The song stayed at Svensktoppen for 11 weeks from 17 April- 10 July 1977, topping the chart seven times.
The song originally applied for Melodifestivalen 1977, but was rejected.
In 1977 Nils Dacke recorded the song for the album Nils Dacke spelar partyorgel.
In 1978 Vikingarna recorded the song on the album Export, to promote the band outside Sweden, with lyrics in English as Don't Cry in the Sunshine, written by Thomas Minor.
In 1992 the song was also recorded by Matz Bladhs on the album Leende dansmusik 92, when Paul Paljett was the band's lead singer.
In 1997 Ronnix recorded the song for the album Ronnix.
At Dansbandskampen 2008, the song was performed by Jannez. Their recording also became available for the 2008 Dansbandskampen compilation album, and the 2009 Jannez album with the same name.
# World War I Memorial (Tiruchirappalli)

World War I Memorial, located opposite to Gandhi Market, Tiruchirappalli in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, is a war memorial dedicated to the soldiers of Trichinopoly.

## History

About 302 soldiers from Trichinopoly participated in World War I as a part of British Indian Army, of which 41 died during the course of war. In remembrance of those soldiers, the then government erected a memorial with a huge clock in it.

## Maintenance

The memorial which was also popularly known as "Clock Tower", was languishing without much maintenance. During the mean time, about 25 traders, including Burmese refugees, put up their shop and began to occupy the spaces around the memorial, which left unchecked became as hindrance in viewing and visiting the memorial. After many years of wait, on 27 February 2013 the city corporation decided to revamp the structure after persistent demands from Ex–servicemen personnels and other service organisation to cancel the licence and demolish the shops (excluding the ones run by Burmese refugees) and other structures around the memorial.
# Włodzimierz Słobodnik

Włodzimierz Słobodnik (September 19, 1900 in Novoukrainka – July 10, 1991 in Warsaw) was a Polish poet, translator of French, Russian, and Soviet literature, a satirist, and the author of numerous books for young adults.
Słobodnik studied Polish literature at the University of Warsaw. In 1921, his first poems were published in the futurist pamphlet Pam-Bam. During the interwar period he was a member of the literary group "Kwadryga." Between 1932 and 1939 he was the director of the library "Literaria". After the outbreak of World War II he first moved to Lwow (1939–1941), where he was on the editorial board of the Soviet-collaborationist literary magazine Nowe Widnokręgi. After Nazi Germany declared war on the Soviet Union and threatened Lwów, he evacuated to Uzbekistan together with Soviet authorities, where he stayed until the end of the war. Between 1945 and 1956 he lived in Łódź. After 1957 he lived in Warsaw.
He translated many Russian and Soviet texts into Polish, such as works by Mikhail Lermontov, Valery Bryusov, Osip Mandelstam, and Vladimir Mayakovsky. He also translated Baudelaire (from French) and various German authors. His wife, Eleonora Słobodnikowa (1901–1986), was also a translator of Russian and Soviet literature.
He is buried at the Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw.
* This article about a Polish writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Gurirab

Gurirab is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Brian Gurirab (born 1984), Namibian footballer
* Dantago Gurirab (born 1990), Namibian sprinter
* Isaskar Gurirab (born 1998), Namibian footballer
* Theo-Ben Gurirab (1938–2018), Namibian politician
* Tsudao Gurirab (born 1961), Namibian politician
# Gurinhém

Gurinhém is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Gurinhenzinho River

The Gurinhenzinho River is a river of Paraíba state in northeastern Brazil.
# Eidoreus

Eidoreus is a genus of beetles in the family Eupsilobiidae. There are at least two described species in Eidoreus.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Eidoreus:
* Eidoreus minutus Sharp, 1885
* Eidoreus politus (Casey, 1895)
# Eicke (surname)

Eicke is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edna Eicke (1919–1979), American magazine illustrator
* Hans Eicke (1884–1947), German Olympic athlete
* Roberta Eike, American oceanographer and marine geologist
* Theodor Eicke (1892–1943), German Nazi SS general and Holocaust perpetrator
* Ulrich Eicke (born 1952), German canoer
* Wels Eicke (1893–1980), Australian footballer
# Eicker

Eicker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Eicker (born 1975), American composer
* Friedhelm Eicker (1927–2022), German statistician and former professor at the University of Dortmund
# Wuhan Qingchuan University

Wuhan Qingchuan University (武汉晴川学院; 'Wuhan Qingchuan College') is a private undergraduate college in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Despite the English name, the college has not yet be granted university status by the Ministry of Education of China.
# Guruve

Guruve is a village and centre of Guruve District, Zimbabwe.
# Gulyabani

Gulyabani is a 2014 Turkish horror-comedy film directed by Orçun Benli. According to Turkish myth, Gulyabani is a humongous ghoul with a long beard who wanders at night and scares people.
# Wu Gang

Wu Gang (simplified Chinese: 吴刚; traditional Chinese: 吳剛; pinyin: Wú Gāng), formerly romanized as Wu Kang and also known as Wu Zhi in some sources, is a figure in traditional Chinese folklore and religion. He is known for endlessly cutting down a self-healing osmanthus tree on the Moon, a divine punishment which has led to his description as the Chinese Sisyphus. In modern Chinese, the chengyu "Wu Gang chopping the tree" (吳剛伐桂; wúgāng-fáguì) is used to describe any endless toil. The specific reason for his situation has varied in the sources, but Wu Gang's story dates back to at least the Tang dynasty.

## Legend
### Origins

An origin myth for the lunar phases was that a great forest or great tree grew there, swiftly growing and losing leaves and blossoms over the course of each month. After the expansion of the Chinese cultural area south of the Yangtze during the Qin and Han dynasties, the lunar trees became associated with the fragrant and white-blossoming Osmanthus fragrans. This tree flowers during the autumn and promoted the connection of the harvest festival with the Moon, a connection still observed during the modern Mid-Autumn Festival. Confections and cassia wine flavored with its blossoms are also still associated with the holiday.
By the time of the Han, the Huainanzi associated the waxing of the moon with trees growing from the feet of a Daoist immortal.
In his Compendium of Materia Medica, Li Shizhen explains that Wu Gang was added to the stories about the holiday from novellas published during the Sui and Tang dynasties.

### First version

The 9th-century Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang mentions a lunar tree over five hundred zhang high. A certain Wu Gang of Xihe stands under it, constantly chopping at the tree, which grows back after it is chopped.

### Second version

Wu witnessed a liaison between his wife and Yandi's grandson, after the two had already carried on an affair so long it begat three sons. In a rage, Wu murdered his wife's lover but Yandi ordered Wu banished to the Moon, where he would cut down a tree. After each blow, the tree healed itself and Wu was therefore forced to cut at it forever.

### Third version

Another version features a cherry bay. In this version, Wu Gang began the attempt to become a Taoist immortal but gave up lazily midway through the process. The Jade Emperor was furious and decided to punish him. The Emperor created a cherry bay on the Moon and Wu Gang was invited to chop it down in order to become an immortal. Wu Gang tried, but again the tree healed itself and the task was impossible. The shadows on the Moon are said to be created by the growing cherry bay.

### Fourth version

In yet another version, Wu found a teacher in the mountains in his quest for immortality. When his teacher taught him to heal, he gave up after three days. When he was taught to play Chinese chess, he gave up after two days. When he was taught the method of eternal life, he gave up after a day. His teacher then sent him to the Moon to chop down the tree.
# Edward Orton

Edward Orton may refer to:
* Edward Orton Sr. (1829–1899), first president of Ohio State University
* Edward Orton Jr. (1863–1932), American academic administrator, businessman and ceramic engineer
# Edinburgh Tigers

Edinburgh Tigers (formerly known as Pentland Tigers) is a basketball club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The club is a member of the Lothian Basketball Association (LBA) and plays in the Lothian League Division 1. Edinburgh Tigers normally train at Cameron House Community Centre on Tuesday evenings, and play matches on a Friday night at Westwoods Health Club.

## 2011/12 Roster

| 4 | Sean Hume | Guard/Forward |
| 5 | Joe Grafton | Guard/Forward |
| 6 | David Perry | Centre |
| 7 | Chris Moffat | Forward |
| 8 | Callum Brown | Guard |
| 9 | Laurie Brown | Forward/Centre |
| 10 | Chris Di Rollo | Guard |
| 11 | Craig Wilson | Guard |
| 12 | Neil Watson | Guard |
| 13 | Sean Mitchell | Guard |
| 14 | Jonathan Dick | Guard |
| 15 | Stuart Bailey | Guard |
| 16 | Dan Wang | Guard |
| 17 | Fernando Muñoz | Forward/Guard |

## Notable former players

| Aaron Arkorful | Guard/Forward |
| Frédéric Lincker | Forward/Centre |
| Maik Fischer | Guard/Forward |
| Maurizio Marroni | Guard/Head Coach |
| James Patton | Forward |
| Andrew Sanders | Centre |
| Javier Vega Pedrosa | Centre |
| Benoit Delay | Guard/Forward |

## History

The Edinburgh Tigers were formed in 1992.
# Gurgui

The Gurgui is a right tributary of the river Bistrița in Romania. It flows into the Bistrița north of the village Bistrița. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 20 km$^2$ (7.7 sq mi).
# Egg jelly

Egg jelly (extracellular layer, jelly coat) is a gelatinous layer that surrounds the oocytes of many organisms and releases species-specific chemoattractants that activate and guide sperm to the oocyte. The release of chemoattractants is species dependent. For example, sperm in Lytechinus variegatus, the green sea urchin, are not chemotactically attracted to the jelly or the egg. The egg jelly is located immediately surrounding the vitelline envelope and consists primarily of a network of short peptides and sulfated fucan glycoproteins. These short peptides diffuse into the surrounding area and stimulate respiration and movement of the sperm to the egg. An example of such a peptide is resact, which has been studied as the primary means of attracting and orientating sperm to the eggs in sea urchins. The sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction.
Many other functions for the egg jelly have been proposed including sperm agglomeration, protection from mechanical stress and polyspermy, and increasing the size of the egg to improve its chances of colliding with sperm. For echinoderms the jelly coat can increase the diameter of the egg by more than 100%, making it efficient in enhancing fertilization. In female P. shqipericus, the Albanian water frog, the jelly coat cause sperm to become motile and move faster. For this species of frog, the sperm must interact with the jelly coat for the egg to be successfully fertilized.
Unlike the egg cell, jelly coats do not provide the embryo nutrients. In addition to the sea urchin, egg jelly appears in many species including invertebrates and mammals. Egg jelly can vary in composition and complexity from the relatively homogenous single layer sea urchin egg to the three layer egg jelly in starfish.
There is an increasing concern in how ocean acidification will affect the fertilization of eggs. In H. tuberculate, low pH can damage the eggs chemical influence on sperm mobility and velocity.
# Wujing

Wujing may refer to:
* Five Classics (五經), five classic Chinese books
* Sha Wujing (沙悟淨), one of the three helpers of Xuánzàng in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West
* Wujing Zongyao (武經總要, Chinese military compendium written in 1044 AD, during the Northern Song dynasty
* People's Armed Police (武警), a paramilitary force of the People's Republic of China
* Wujing, Fufeng County (午井镇), town in Fufeng County, Baoji, Shaanxi
* Wujing, Nanxiong (乌迳镇), town in Guangdong
* Wujing, Linqu County (五井镇), town in Shandong
* Wujing, Shanghai (吴泾镇), town in Minhang District
* "Wujing" (The Blacklist), 2013 episode of TV series The Blacklist
# Guy Fordham

Guy Tristan Fordham (born 19 July 1975) is a British former field hockey player who competed in the 2000 Summer Olympics and in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He represented England and won a bronze medal in the men's hockey, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur.
# Guy Fithen

Guy L. Fithen (born 1962 in Oxford) is a British actor and screenwriter best known for his roles as a pirate.

## Career

A graduate of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, Fithen worked as a stage actor in the Royal Shakespeare Company, in particular as the Keeper of the Tower in Antony Sher's 1985 staging of William Shakespeare's Richard III.
His film career included roles as first mate Rhince in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, an adaptation of C. S. Lewis's novel of the same name and third in the 1989 BBC miniseries The Chronicles of Narnia, and as the pirate Thatcher, playing alongside Gabriel Byrne in the 1990 Disney film Shipwrecked.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1989 | Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader | Rhince | Miniseries |
| 1990 | Bergerac | Brian | Episode: The Messenger Boy |
| 1990 | Shipwrecked | Thatcher | |
| 1991 | King Ralph | Bouncer | |
| 1991 | Kafka | Friend of Kafka | |
| 1992 | The Darling Buds of May | Kurt | Episode: The Season of Heavenly Gifts: Part 2 |
# Egypt, Alabama

Egypt, Alabama may refer to:
* Egypt, Bibb County, Alabama, a ghost town
* Egypt, Etowah County, Alabama, a census-designated place
* Egypt, Marshall County, Alabama, an unincorporated community
# Xanthurenic acid

Xanthurenic acid, or xanthurenate, is a metabolic intermediate that accumulates and is excreted by pyridoxine (vitamin B$_6$) deficient animals after the ingestion of tryptophan.
Xanthurenic acid is suspected to be an endogenous agonist for Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in humans. It is also known to be a potent VGLUT inhibitor, thereby preventing the movement of glutamate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles, an action that it mediates via competitive blockade of vesicular glutamate transporters (K$_i$ = 0.19 mM).
In 2015 researchers reported a marked reduction of xanthurenic acid levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia. A recent meta-analysis showed that blood xanthurenic acid levels are lower in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder as well.
Xanthurenic acid has also been shown to induce gametogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. It is found in the gut of the Anopheles mosquito.
# Gustave Adolph Strebel

Gustave Adolph Strebel (November 11, 1875 – November 27, 1945) was president of the New York State Congress of Industrial Organizations. He was the Socialist Party of America candidate for Governor of New York in the New York state election of 1914.

## Biography

He was born on November 11, 1875, in Syracuse, New York. He was the Socialist Party of America candidate for Governor of New York in the New York state election of 1914. He died on November 27, 1945, at St. Joseph's Hospital in Syracuse, New York.
# Xenarius

Xenarius was a Greek architect and urban planner during the 3rd century BC. He is known for his plan for the city of Antioch. The grid layout of the city is believed to be influenced by Dinocrates' plan of Alexandria.
# Xenaverse

The Xenaverse is a television franchise created by Sam Raimi, including the series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, Xena: Warrior Princess, and Young Hercules. It also includes the wider intertextual and multimedia coverage of the series by academic writers, media professionals and enthusiasts.