OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# All-interval twelve-tone row

In music, an all-interval twelve-tone row, series, or chord, is a twelve-tone tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval within the octave, 1 through 11 (an ordering of every interval, 0 through 11, that contains each (ordered) pitch-interval class, 0 through 11). A "twelve-note spatial set made up of the eleven intervals [between consecutive pitches]." There are 1,928 distinct all-interval twelve-tone rows. These sets may be ordered in time or in register. "Distinct" in this context means in transpositionally and rotationally normal form (yielding 3856 such series), and disregarding inversionally related forms. These 1,928 tone rows have been independently rediscovered several times, their first computation probably was by Andre Riotte in 1961.
Since the sum of numbers 1 through 11 equals 66, an all-interval row must contain a tritone between its first and last notes, as well as in their middle.

## Examples
### Mother chord

The first known all-interval row, F, E, C, A, G, D, A♭, D♭, E♭, G♭, B♭, C♭, was named the Mutterakkord (mother chord) by Fritz Heinrich Klein, who created it in 1921 for his chamber-orchestra composition Die Maschine.
The intervals between consecutive pairs of notes are the following (t = 10, e = 11):
Klein used the Mother chord in his Die Maschine, Op. 1, and derived it from the Pyramid chord [Pyramidakkord]:
difference
by transposing the underlined notes (0369) down two semitones. The Pyramid chord consists of every interval stacked, low to high, from 12 to 1 and while it contains all intervals, it does not contain all pitch classes and is thus not a tone row. Klein chose the name Mutterakkord in order to avoid a longer term such as all-interval twelve-tone row and because it is a chord which unites all other chords by containing them within itself.
The Mother chord row was also used by Alban Berg in his Lyric Suite (1926) and in his second setting of Theodor Storm's poem Schliesse mir die Augen beide.
In contrast, the chromatic scale only contains the interval 1 between each consecutive note:
and is thus not an all-interval row.

### Grandmother chord

The Grandmother chord is an eleven-interval, twelve-note, invertible chord with all of the properties of the Mother chord. Additionally, the intervals are so arranged that they alternate odd and even intervals (counted by semitones) and that the odd intervals successively decrease by one whole-tone while the even intervals successively increase by one whole-tone. It was invented by Nicolas Slonimsky on February 13, 1938.
A similar row, although with all the notes within the same octave by alternating ascending and descending intervals (where the size of all the intervals decrease by one), was used by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji as the first subject in the sextuple fugue of his Organ Symphony No. 3.

### Link chords

'Link' chords are all-interval twelve-tone sets containing one or more uninterrupted instances of the all-trichord hexachord ({012478}). Found by John F. Link, they have been used by Elliott Carter in pieces such as Symphonia.
There are four 'Link' chords which are RI-invariant.
# Heme ligase

Heme ligase (EC 4.99.1.8, heme detoxification protein, HDP, hemozoin synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name Fe$^{3+}$:ferriprotoporphyrin IX ligase (β-hematin-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following reaction:
    2 ferriprotoporphyrin IX $\rightleftharpoons$ beta-hematin
This heme detoxifying enzyme is found in Plasmodium parasites.
# I Love You Jennifer B

I Love You Jennifer B is the debut studio album by British experimental pop band Jockstrap. It was released through Rough Trade Records in September 2022 and received critical acclaim. It debuted and peaked at number 57 in the UK Albums Chart. The album was shortlisted for the 2023 Mercury Prize.
A remix album, I<3UQTINVU, was released on 3 November 2023.

## Recording

On 14 June 2022, Jockstrap announced their debut LP titled I Love You Jennifer B along with the release of the album's third single "Glasgow". In a statement, Taylor Skye stated that "Glasgow" is the band's "coming of age, moving forward, long-distance, traveling, beautiful bosk, wonderful thicket song." According to the band, the album consists of a "collection of Jockstrap tracks that have been three years in the making. Everything on it is pretty singular sounding so we hope there is a track on there for everyone and something that speaks to you and says 'I'm a banger'."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 89/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Clash | 9/10 |
| DIY | |
| Loud and Quiet | 10/10 |
| MusicOMH | |
| NME | |
| Pitchfork | 8.4/10 |
| PopMatters | 9/10 |
| The Skinny | |
Year-end lists :
| Publication | List | Rank |
| Clash | Clash's Albums of The Year | 3 |
| DIY | DIY's Albums of 2022 | 1 |
| Gigwise | Gigwise's 51 Best Albums of 2022 | 23 |
| The Line of Best Fit | The 50 Best Albums of 2022 | 6 |
| NME | The 50 Best Albums of 2022 | 14 |
| Paste | The 50 Best Albums of 2022 | 33 |
| Pitchfork | The 50 Best Albums of 2022 | 15 |
| The Skinny | The Skinny's Top Ten Albums of 2022 | 7 |
| Slant Magazine | The 50 Best Albums of 2022 | 27 |
| Under the Radar | The 100 Best Albums of 2022 | 30 |

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Georgia Ellery; all music is composed by Jockstrap (Ellery and Taylor Skye)

## Personnel

Jockstrap
* Georgia Ellery
* Taylor Skye
Other performers
* Victoria Farrell-Reed, Nina Lim, Ivelina Ivanova, Gwyneth Helmes, Annie-May Page, Camille Saïd, Ella Fox, William Clark, Dom Ingham, Zoe Hodi, Nazli Erdogan, Johanna Burnheart, Freya Hicks, Isobel Doncaster, Sally Belcher, Felix Stephens, Evie Coplan, Jonah Spindel – strings
* Angus Webster – conductor

## Charts

Chart performance for I Love You Jennifer B :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 15 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 57 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 3 |
# Pilea pollicaris

Pilea pollicaris is a species of plant in the family Urticaceae. It is endemic to Mauritius. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
# Karina's Zelfopoffering

Karina's Zelfopoffering, also known by the Indonesian name Pengorbanan Karina (both meaning Karina's Sacrifice) is a 1932 film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). It was directed by Ph. Carli and starred Annie Krohn.

## Plot

Raden Ajeng Karina is of mixed-descent, born to a Dutch mother – who has since returned to the Netherlands – and Javanese father from Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. She lives in the palace at Yogyakarta and must integrate herself with the majority Javanese society. In doing so she wears traditional clothes such as the kebaya. She later becomes involved in a love triangle with a foreign representative stationed in the city and his wife.

## Production

Karina's Zelfopoffering was directed by Ph. Carli, who had been trained as a documentary filmmaker and had made his feature film debut two years earlier with De Stem des Bloeds. It starred his wife, Annie Krohn. Production was handled by Carli's Bandung-based company, Kinowerk Carli.
One of the film's posters advertised "the most brilliant dancing and richest staging ever seen in a film from the Indies". This same poster gave the cast as including Jean de la Motte, W. Batten, Lucy Kay, Erna Zwartjes, and Pola du Moulin. An announcement in the Medan-based daily De Soematra Post, meanwhile, records all actors except Krohn as natives.

## Release and reception

Karina's Zelfopoffering was released in 1932, having its premiere at Elita Theatre in Bandung and was attended by Central Priangan residen, B.H. Kuneman. It had reached Medan by 30 January 1933. The film was a commercial failure. However, it received positive reviews. One in a local newspaper, Java Bode, praised Krohn's performance, finding that – although all actors had done well – she had been exceptional. According to Biran, these positive reviews were likely for advertising revenue; he notes that one positive review was reprinted with two pages of advertisements.
Karina's Zelfopoffering proved to be Carli's last film in the Indies. He left the colony soon afterwards and went to the Netherlands.
The film is likely lost. The American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider writes that all Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost. However, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film Indonesia (Indonesian Film Catalogue) records several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia's archives, and Biran writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands Government Information Service.
# Rawalumbu

Rawalumbu is one of the twelve administrative districts (kecamatan) within the city municipality of Bekasi, in Jabodetabek (Jakarta's metropolitan area) on the island of Java, Indonesia. The district covers an area of 1,685 hectares (4,164 acres), and had a population of 208,334 at the 2010 Census and 220,699 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 222,398 - comprising 111,408 males and 110,990 females.
The administrative centre is located in Bojong Rawalumbu, and the district is sub-divided into four urban "villages" or communities (kelurahan), as listed below with their areas and their populations as at mid 2023, together with their postcodes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of kelurahan | Area in km$^2$ | Population mid 2023 estimate | Post code |
| 32.75.05.1001 | Bojong Rawalumbu | 6.39 | 78,915 | 17116 |
| 32.75.05.1002 | Pengasinan | 3.49 | 62,048 | 17115 |
| 32.75.05.1003 | Sepanjang Jaya | 3.02 | 36,825 | 17114 |
| 32.75.05.1004 | Bojong Menteng | 3.95 | 44,610 | 17117 |
| 32.75.05 | Totals | 16.85 | 222,398 | |
# Kiddington with Asterleigh

Kiddington with Asterleigh is a civil parish in West Oxfordshire, England. It contains the small village of Kiddington, the hamlet of Over Kiddington and Asterleigh.
* This Oxfordshire location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Çörten, Kilis

Çörten is a village in the Kilis District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 196 in 2022.
# Helen Merrill (album)

Helen Merrill is the debut studio album by vocalist Helen Merrill, on which she is accompanied by trumpeter Clifford Brown in arrangements by Quincy Jones. Brown had recorded a similar album with Sarah Vaughan only a few days previously, on December 16 and 18, 1954.
In 1995, Merrill recorded a tribute album to Brown, who had been killed in a car accident in 1956, the year after their collaborative album was released.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| Tom Hull – on the Web | A− |
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "The music is essentially straight-ahead bop, yet the seven standards ... are uplifted by the presence of Merrill (in top form) and Brown." In a review of a 2007 reissue of Merrill's first two albums by Lone Hill Jazz, David Rickert singled out the performance of "'S Wonderful" as "one of the best versions of the Gershwin tune I've heard in years" and called the two sessions "a vocal jazz feast well worth deserving of more renown."

## Track listing

* "Don't Explain" (Arthur Herzog Jr., Billie Holiday) - 5:08
* "You'd Be So Nice to Come Home To" (Cole Porter) - 4:17
* "What's New?" (Bob Haggart, Johnny Burke) - 4:56
* "Falling in Love with Love" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) - 3:52
* "Yesterdays" (Otto Harbach, Jerome Kern) - 5:56
* "(I Was) Born to Be Blue" (Mel Tormé, Bob Wells) - 5:12
* "'S Wonderful" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 3:12

## Personnel

* Helen Merrill - vocals
* Clifford Brown - trumpet
* Danny Bank - bass clarinet, flute, baritone saxophone
* Jimmy Jones - piano
* Barry Galbraith - guitar
* Milt Hinton - double bass (tracks 1, 2, 6, and 7)
* Osie Johnson - drums (tracks 1, 2, 6, and 7)
* Oscar Pettiford - cello, double bass (tracks 3, 4, and 5)
* Bobby Donaldson - drums (tracks 3, 4, and 5)
* Quincy Jones - arranger, conductor
# Xiao Shuxuan

Xiao Shuxuan (Chinese: 蕭叔宣; pinyin: Xiāo Shūxuān; Wade–Giles: Hsiao Shu-hsüan, 1894-1945) was a Chinese lieutenant general who served in the National Revolutionary Army before defecting to Wang Jingwei's Reorganized National Government of China. Xiao took part in the 1911 Xinhai Revolution and later fought in the Northern Expedition as a commander. In 1939-40, Xiao defected to Wang Jingwei's faction and joined his new pro-Japanese government. He held a number of prominent positions in Nanjing regime, including minister of Military Training and Chairman of the National Military Council. In 1943, when he was appointed head of the Central Military Academy and in March 1945, Army Minister.
He was killed in 1945 while resisting arrest.

## Sources
### Literature

* Xu, Youchun. Dictionary of the People of the Republic (民国人物大辞典 増訂版). Hebei People's Publishing House, 2007. ISBN 978-7-202-03014-1.
* Liu, Shou. Official Chronology of the Republic of China (民国職官年表). Zhonghua Book Company, 1995. ISBN 7-101-01320-1.
# Avdal

Avdal may refer to:
* Avdal, Azerbaijan, a village in the Tovuz Rayon
* Avdalen, a valley in Norway
# Pietro Carpegna

Pietro Carpegna or Petrus de Carpinea (1592 – 19 June 1630) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Gubbio (1628–1630).

## Biography

Pietro Carpegna was born in Scaolini, Italy in 1592. On 11 December 1628, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Gubbio. On 6 January 1629, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Marcello Barberini, Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Gubbio until his death on 19 June 1630.
# 1650s in South Africa

Jan van Riebeeck landed at the Cape on 6 April 1652, setting up a supply station and fortifications for the Dutch East India Company. The decade saw the beginning of European settlement, marked by the introduction of crops from Europe and the New World and culminating in war with the Khoikhoi in 1659.

## Milestones

Bernert Willemsz Wijlant, the first European baby, was born at the Cape on 6 June 1652. In 1654, Batavian convicts and political opponents were banished to the Cape bringing Islam to South Africa. Hout Bay, a sheltered cove just south of the Cape settlement is proposed as a settlement for Dutch families on 6 October 1654. Van Riebeeck sent Jan Wintervogel, a Dutch ensign, to scout the interior in 1655. Wintervogel went as far as Saldanha Bay. Van Riebeeck sent Willem Muller, a Dutch corporal, with the Khoikhoi interpreter, Autsumao, to explore the Hottentots Holland region. Maize and Grape vines were planted in the Cape that same year. In 1657, Abraham Gabbema was sent to scout the interior and explored as far as the Berg River and Paarl regions. Doman, the leader of the Goringhaiqua Khoikhoi, was sent to Batavia to be trained as an interpreter. Nine Dutch East India Company servants were freed to become free burghers (free citizens) on 21 February. They settled along the Liesbeeck River (now Rondebosch area). The first wine was pressed from Cape grapes on 2 February 1659. Jan van Riebeeck established the Burgher Militia on 1 May 1659. A few days later on 19 May, the Khoikhoi protested against white encroachment, leading to the first Khoikhoi-Dutch War.

## Slavery

The Dutch East India Company gave van Riebeeck authority to bring slaves to South Africa in 1654. The Roode Vos ship sailed to Mauritius and Anongil Bay, Madagascar in search of slaves, but brought back none. In 1658, the Amersfoort ship stole 250 slaves from a Portuguese slave trading trafficking slaves from Angola to Brazil. The ship arrived in South Africa on 28 March with 170 slaves. 80 died during the trip. Later that year, the Hassalt ship brought 228 out of an initial 271 slaves from the Gulf of Guinea to South Africa on 6 May. 43 died at sea. After these two shipments, the Dutch East and West companies agreed to stop enslaving natives from lands controlled by the other company. Slave traffickers brought 63,000 slaves to South Africa between 1658 and 1808, when the British abolished the slave trade.
Catharina Anthonis, became the first slave to be freed to marry Jan Woutersz, a Dutch settler, in 1656. In 1658 a Portuguese slaver was captured and 174 slaves were taken. About 80 were shipped to Batavia.
# Joachim Opser

Joachim Opser (born c. 1548 in Wil; died 24 August 1594 in St. Gallen) was abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall from 1577 until 1594.

## Life

Joachim's father Michael was chancellor of the prince-abbot; he moved to Wil for confessional reasons. Joachim took his vows on 17 June 1563. He started studying at the university of Dillingen in 1564 and then studied at the Paris Jesuit College between 1570 and 1574. In Paris, he became witness to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre and in two letters to the Saint Gall Abbot Otmar Kunz he told about the violent events. He is listed as deacon of Saint Gall on 8 April 1576 and was elected abbot on 29 January 1577. The papal confirmation was conferred by Gregory XIII on 16 April 1578, while the benediction was performed by the Auxiliary Bishop Balthasar Wurer of Konstanz on 24 June 1578. On 27 November 1578, Joachim Opser was chosen by Beatus a Porta and the Chur cathedral chapter to be auxiliary bishop and thus also designated successor of the acting bishop. However, he was met by strong opposition because he did not come from one of the Three Leagues and thus had to forego his appointment to Chur.

## Works

During his abbacy at Saint Gall, Joachim Opser repeatedly received papal nuncios, who on their visitations called for reforms after the model of the council of Trent. Joachim indeed seems to have demanded stern discipline from his monks as a result. Apparently this led to open conflict in one part of the convent in 1590. The abbot was accused of demanding a level of discipline from his subordinates he was not subject to himself. The nuncio in Lucerne launched an investigation which concluded that those accusations were baseless. Nevertheless, Abbot Joachim was forced to loosen his policy of uncompromising discipline.
During Joachim Opsers abbacy, the abbey was in a state of financial distress, which necessitated the sale of estates in Neu-Ravensburg and Wangen im Allgäu. The abbey's financial hardship was exacerbated by the plague which was spreading in 1594 and caused many monks to leave the abbey. Abbot Joachim stayed in Saint Gall and died during a sermon on 24 August 1594. He was buried on the left side of the minster choir by the altar of Saint Benedict. His legacy consists of the reformist document Liber exercitiorum spiritualium.
# Wola Osowińska-Kolonia

Wola Osowińska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borki, within Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) west of Borki, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radzyń Podlaski, and 57 km (35 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.
# Łı̨ Dezé 196C

Łı̨ Dezé 196C is an Indian reserve of the Smith's Landing First Nation in Alberta, located within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo.
# Kenny Williams (announcer)

Kenny Williams or Ken Williams (April 12, 1914 – February 16, 1984), born Kenneth Williams Fertig Jr. in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was an announcer for American television from the late 1940s to 1980s. He was best known as the announcer of many game shows produced by Merrill Heatter and Bob Quigley (including Hollywood Squares, High Rollers, Gambit, and others). He also appeared on screen as "Kenny the Cop" on Video Village and Shenanigans. He did one show for Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, Two for the Money, in 1952. As a radio actor in the 1940s to 1950s, he appeared on shows such as X Minus One, where he played Rhysling on the episode "The Green Hills of Earth". He was also one of the announcers for the Buck Rogers radio program, among others. He died at home in Los Angeles, California, on February 16, 1984.
Media offices :
| Preceded byN/A | Hollywood Squares announcer 1966–1981 | Succeeded byGene Wood (as the Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour) |
# Helen Meinardi

Helen Meinardi (1909-1997) was an American screenwriter and songwriter who wrote a string of films in the 1930s.

## Biography

Helen was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Garrett Meinardi and Sarah Henderson. Her parents separated when she was young, and her father won custody; however, Sarah briefly kidnapped Helen and Helen's younger sister, Ruth.
She attended the Lucy Cobb Finishing School in Georgia as a young woman before graduating from Indiana University. After college, she worked in New York City for a time before heading to Los Angeles, determined to forge a career for herself in Hollywood.
Helen began writing songs and screenplays in the 1930s; she wrote a number of songs for musician Hoagy Carmichael, who eventually became her brother-in-law. Helen won an RKO contract after writing the story that inspired the 1937 film I Met Him in Paris. In her later years, she worked as a journalist for CBS in New York before retiring to Maine.

## Selected filmography

* Cross-Country Romance (1940)
* Next Time I Marry (1938)
* Maid's Night Out (1938)
* I Met Him in Paris (1937)
* Our Blushing Brides (1930)
# Gyan Singh (Fijian politician)

Gyan Singh is a former Fijian politician of Indian descent, who held the Magodro Open Constituency in the House of Representatives for the Fiji Labour Party in the parliamentary election of 2001, taking almost 57 percent of the votes cast. He retained the seat at the 2006 election with an increased majority.
Singh's career came to an end with the military coup of 5 December 2006.
# Avdal, Azerbaijan

Avdal is a village in the municipality of Əhmədabad in the Tovuz Rayon of Azerbaijan.