OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dębno Castle

Dębno Castle is a late Gothic complex, built in 1470 to 1480 by Chancellor of the Crown and Kasztelan of Kraków, Jakub Dębiński (also known as Jakub z Dębna), in the southern Polish village of Dębno. It is located a few hundred meters south of the international European route E40.

## History

Before stone castle was built, a complex made of wood and earth had existed on the location. It probably belonged to komes Świętoslaw of the noble Gryfita family, Kasztelan of Wiślica. Some time in the mid-14th century, Dębno passed into the hands of the influential Odrowąż family, to which Jakub z Dębna, founder of the castle, belonged. In 1586 the castle was rebuilt in Renaissance style, and at that time it belonged to a Hungarian nobleman Ferenc Wesselini, secretary of King Stephen Báthory. In the late 18th century, another remodeling took place, ordered by the Tarło family, who were then-owners of the castle. Tarło coat of arms and the date 1772 can still be seen on the baroque portal. Also, at that time, a part of the northern wing of the castle was added.
Throughout the years, Dębno castle changed hands several times. It belonged to a number of noble Polish families - Lanckoroński, Rogowski, Rudnicki, Spławski (who in 1831 hosted there refugees of the November Uprising), Jastrzębski. Even though owners carried out numerous remodeling projects, the castle did not change its original look. It today consists of four rectangular segments, which make an internal, rectangular courtyard with a well. The gate goes through a Baroque portal. Lavlishly furnished rooms on upper floors were occupied by owners, while domestic workers lived on ground floor. The castle used to be surrounded by a moat, now, there is a permanent wooden bridge leading to the gate.
In 1945, the castle was taken over by the government of Poland, and between 1970 and 1978, it was renovated. Since 1978, Dębno castle has been home to a branch of Tarnów Regional Museum.
# Dyschirius nigricornis

Dyschirius nigricornis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1844.
# Dyschirius nianus

Dyschirius nianus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Fedorenko in 1993.
# Dyscaris

Dyscaris is a genus in the ground beetle family Carabidae. There are at least four described species in Dyscaris, found in Madagascar.

## Species

These four species belong to the genus Dyscaris:
* Dyscaris decorsei Jeannel, 1946
* Dyscaris mordax (Fairmaire, 1869)
* Dyscaris seyrigi (Bänninger, 1934)
* Dyscaris striolifrons (Fairmaire, 1901)
# Graeme Walton

Graeme Walton (born 14 June 1981 in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a retired British professional ice hockey defenceman who played his entire career for the Belfast Giants of the Elite Ice Hockey League.
A stay-at-home defenceman, Walton trained locally at the Dundonald Ice Bowl where he impressed Giants scouts and was eventually given a contract in 2003. He went on remain with the team throughout his career until his retirement in 2013 and became one of the Giants' most consistent players. He played a total of 480 regular season games for the Giants and is currently the Giants' all-time leader in games played. The Giants have retired his number 18 jersey in his honour.
Walton also played internationally for the Great Britain national ice hockey team.
# William Grisaunt

William Grisaunt, also called William English (fl. 1350), was an English physician.
Grisaunt as a young man taught philosophy at Oxford University, and in 1299 was either fellow or student of Merton College. He incurred the suspicion of having practised magic, and when of mature age left England and studied medicine at Montpelier. He afterwards settled at Marseilles, where he acquired great fame as a physician; he is said in his practice to have paid special attention to the nature and cause of the disease and to the constitution of the patient. Grisaunt is commonly stated to have been the father of Grimoald or Grimoard (1309-1370), abbot of St. Victor at Marseilles, who became pope as Urban V in 1362. In a contemporary chronicle (Chr. Angliæ ab anno 1328 usque ad annum 1388, p. 52, Rolls Ser.) Urban, who is there called Gillerinus, is said to have been the son of an Englishman. But his latest biographer (Magnan, Histoire d'Urbain V see also Bower, Lives of the Popes, vii. 3, and Fleury, Hist. Eccl. xx. 201) makes him son of William Grimoard, lord of Grisac in Gevaudin, who died in 1366, aged 99, and there are extant grants of John II and Charles V of France to this William Grimoard in which he is styled father of the pope (see Albanes, La Famille de Grimoard, p. 53).
Anglic Grimoard, Urban's brother, whom Godwin called Grimoaldus de Grisant, was made by him bishop of Avignon and cardinal bishop of Albano (Bower, vii. 3, and Chron. Angliæ, p. 53). According to Godwin, Anglic Grimoard is the cardinal John Anglicus, who was admitted dean of York 11 November 1366, and was deprived by the pope 1 May 1381 (Le Neve, Fasti, iii. 123).
Bale and Pits, following Boston of Bury, ascribe the following works to Grisaunt:
* ‘Speculum Astrologiæ.’
* ‘De Qualitatibus Astrorum.’
* ‘De Magnitudine Solis.’
* ‘De Quadratura Circuli.’
* ‘De Motu Capitis.’ Of all these they give the first words, but they are not now known to exist.
They also add:
* ‘De Significatione Astrorum.’
* ‘De Causa Ignorantiæ.’
* ‘De Judicio Patientis.’
* ‘De Urina non Visa,’ inc. ‘Ne ignorantiæ vel potius invidiæ;’ a treatise with this title is extant in manuscript at Hertford College, Oxford (Coxe, Cat. Cod. MSS. Coll. Oxon. Aul. B. Mariæ Magdalenæ, ii. 3, f. 39). The treatise in Cotton. MS. Vitellius C. iii. to which Tanner refers is in a hand of the early twelfth century, and therefore cannot be Grisaunt's.
# William Groombridge (painter)

William Groombridge (1748–1811), was a British water-colour painter.
Groombridge first appears as an exhibitor of landscapes at the Royal Academy in 1770, and continued to exhibit up to 1790. His pictures were tinted drawings, and the smaller ones were neatly finished and well thought of. He was less successful in larger compositions. About 1780 he removed from London to Canterbury. He exhibited for the last time in 1790. He published a volume of Sonnets, London, 1789. He is included in the Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors, published in 1816.
Groombridge emigrate to the United States, coming to New York in 1793. In 1794, was among the founders of the Columbianum Art Academy that was established in Philadelphia. His wife, Catherine Groombridge, was also an artist.
# Dyson Institute Village

Dyson Institute Village was built in 2019 on the outskirts of Malmesbury, Wiltshire, England, to provide on-campus student housing for the Dyson Institute of Engineering and Technology. The village was designed as a number of stacked studio apartment modules by London architects WilkinsonEyre, and modelled after Montreal's Habitat 67. The pods are constructed from cross-laminated timber (CLT) and each pod is wrapped in aluminium. A feature of the modular system is that each pod is connected to the others with only four bolts.

## Design

The pods which make up the village were designed for fast construction. Each pod was made from cross-laminated timber, and they were prefabricated. The outside of each pod is wrapped in aluminium. The units were manufactured in Scotland complete with furniture and electrical fittings, and then delivered to Hullavington Airfield (a nearby Dyson site) to be completed.
Originally WilkinsonEyre's director said they wanted to paint the structure, but James Dyson preferred wood interiors. The pods were inspired by the Habitat 67 housing development designed in Montreal, Canada, by Moshe Safdie. The developers hoped to inspire a feeling of community with the arrangement of the village. Visually the pods appear to be a combination of retro and future.
Each pod has a large front window facing the communal building called the Roundhouse, which has a cafe, a screening room and a gathering area. The pods are arranged in a semi-circle facing it. The architects stated that the Roundhouse was meant to be the central "social and education hub" of the campus. The pods were designed to be sustainable and healthy, with proper ventilation.

## Engineering

The 63 pods have no steel structural support and are arranged two and three high. Several of the stacks feature a pod which is cantilevered out 3 metres (9.8 ft). Each pod measures 8 by 4 metres (26 ft × 13 ft). Every six pods share a kitchen, a laundry area and a storage area.
Structural engineering of the pods and their interconnections was by Glasgow-based Design Engineering Workshop. The cross-laminated timber presented a challenge because of the natural differences in wood stiffness. Orthotropic plates were utilized to cross the timber in three directions for structural stability. Only four bolts connect each pod to the others. The four bolts can be installed by one worker in ten minutes.
# Dyson Lovell

Dyson Lovell (28 August 1936 – 11 January 2024) was a British film producer and actor. He produced amongst others, Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet, starring Mel Gibson (1990), and Francis Ford Coppola's 1984 box-office flop The Cotton Club, starring Richard Gere and Diane Lane. He has received four Emmy Award, and three Golden Globe nominations for his work as a producer in television.
Lovell originally trained as an actor at RADA, and his early stage work included appearances at The Old Vic and small roles on Broadway. He has played supporting roles in such films as Franco Zeffirelli's 1968 version of Romeo and Juliet, in which he played Sampson.
Lovell died from cancer on 11 January 2024, at the age of 87.

## Productions

* Hamlet
* Endless Love
* Lonesome Dove
* Merlin
* Arabian Nights
* Jane Eyre
* The Odyssey
* Alice in Wonderland
* A Christmas Carol
* Cleopatra
* The Lion in Winter
# William Edgar (engineer)

William Edgar CBE (born 1938) is a British mechanical engineer, who was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 2004.
He is a graduate from Strathclyde University and Birmingham University with an MSc in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. In 1990, he became Chief Executive of the National Engineering Laboratory.
He gave the George Stephenson Lecture on "The challenges of offshore oil and gas deepwater". He was Director of Seaforth Engineering, which built the Underwater Training Centre at Fort William, Scotland and the National Hyperbaric Centre at Aberdeen. He was a Group Director of the John Wood Group, was Chairman of the J.P. Kenny Group for ten years, and on the board of Subsea UK.
He was appointed CBE in the 2004 New Year Honours.
# Grainer

Grainer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Grainer, American songwriter and producer
* Franz Grainer (1871–1948), German photographer
* Ron Grainer (1922–1981), UK-based Australian composer
# Dystasia variegata

Dystasia variegata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1936.
# Dystasia siamensis

Dystasia siamensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Dystasia sibuyana

Dystasia sibuyana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1927. It is known from Malaysia, the Philippines and Borneo.
# Dəlləkli

Dəlləkli or Dellekli or Dellyakli may refer to:
* Dəlləkli, Masally, Azerbaijan
* Dəlləkli, Quba, Azerbaijan
* Dəlləkli, Tovuz, Azerbaijan
* Dəlləkli, Yardymli, Azerbaijan
* Dəlləkli, Zangilan, Azerbaijan
# William Henry Oliphant Smeaton

William Henry Oliphant Smeaton (24 October 1856 – 31 March 1914), sometimes using the pen name Oliphant Smeaton, was a Scottish writer, journalist, editor, historian and educator. He was popularly known for his writing on Australian life and literature for various British publications as well as for his adventure and children's fiction novels during the 1890s. Later in his career, Smeaton also published books on Scottish antiquities and edited English literary text, ballads and collections of verse and prose. His best known work, The Life and Works of William Shakespeare (1911), was especially successful and enjoyed several reprints. He also contributed several biographies for the "Famous Scots Series" published by Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier.

## Biography

William Smeaton was born in Aberdeen, Scotland on 24 October 1856, the youngest son of a clergyman and university professor. He was educated at Edinburgh University and intended to enter the clergy himself but abandoned his religious studies for personal reasons. He left for New Zealand in 1878 where he taught school for several years. Smeaton then travelled to Australia where he spent ten years as a journalist before finally returning to Britain in 1893. Moving to Edinburgh, he began writing about Australian life and literature for various publications in Victorian Britain, including a multi-volume effort popularly known as the "Famous Scots Series". He also began writing several adventure and children's fiction novels such as By Adverse Winds (1895), Our Laddie (1897) and A Mystery of the Pacific (1899).
Smeaton became associated with the Dent publishing firm during this time and worked with JM Dent on the editorial work for the Temple Classics and the Everyman Library series. In addition, he also edited books on Scottish antiquities and English literature including works by William Shakespeare, Thomas Dekker, John Ford and others. His The Life and Works of William Shakespeare (1911) was especially popular and was reprinted several times. He edited The World's Epoch-Makers series for the T. & T. Clark publishing firm.
He died in Edinburgh on 31 March 1914.
# Gradual of the Kraków Augustinians

Gradual of the Kraków Augustinians (Polish: Graduał augustianów krakowskich) is an illuminated gradual from 1528.
A manuscript was written and illuminated at the Augustinian Eremite monastery in Kazimierz (currently part of Kraków) by Brother Jan. During the Partitions of Poland the manuscript was seized by the Russians. It returned to Poland under the terms of the 1921 Treaty of Riga. During World War II the Germans moved the manuscript to Kraków. It returned to the National Library of Poland after the war. From May 2024, the manuscript is presented at a permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth.
The gradual contains the words and music of the liturgical chants for the celebration of the liturgy by the monks. The decorated manuscript features figural initials and numerous pen-flourished initials. One of them depicts Saint Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of the monastery.
# E. Roy John

Erwin Roy John (August 14, 1924 – February 28, 2009) was a pioneer in the field of quantitative electroencephalography and neurometrics.

## Chronology

Erwin (E.) Roy John was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, United States. During the Great Depression he was a union organizer in an airplane plant. His attendance at City College of New York was interrupted by World War II, where he volunteered and served in the Battle of the Bulge. After the war, he attended University of Chicago earning a BA in physics and a PhD in psychology. He began work on brain research at UCLA and later founded brain research laboratories at the University of Rochester and at Flower Fifth Avenue Hospital. He was also a professor of psychiatry at NYU and a research scientist at the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research. His work led to more than 25 patents in medical technology.

## Neurometrics and other research

The field of neurometrics was invented by John. He also did fundamental work on memory, originating the idea that memory was distributed throughout the brain.
He was a developer of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and, together with his colleagues, developed algorithms that let QEEG be used to measure many psychological and mental problems.

## Brain Research Laboratories

John founded Brain Research Laboratories at NYU School of Medicine in 1974. He served as its director for over 30 years. Research he led at BRL led to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of coma, learning disabilities, autism and brain injury from blast damage or repeated concussion.

## Politics

John was interested in politics from childhood; in college, he founded a group to oppose McCarthyism; he was involved in the opposition to the Vietnam War and made frequent visits to Cuba.
# Grand Traverse

Grand Traverse may refer to any of the following topics related to the state of Michigan, United States:
* Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, a Native American tribe
* Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan in the Lower Peninsula
** Grand Traverse Bay Bottomland Preserve, a preservation area that encompasses the bay
* Grand Traverse College, a 19th-century college in Benzonia
* Grand Traverse County, Michigan
* Grand Traverse Light, a lighthouse on the Leelanau Peninsula, Lower Peninsula
* Grand Traverse Mall, an enclosed shopping mall in Traverse City
* Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy, a non-profit organization in Traverse City
* Grand Traverse Resort & Spa, a resort and meeting center in Acme Township, Michigan
* Chateau Grand Traverse, a winery near Traverse City
# ECSS

ECSS may refer to:
* European College of Sport Science, Cologne, Germany
* European Cooperation for Space Standardization, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
* Escambia County School System
* Escuela Catolica De San Sebastian, Manila, Philippines
* Enterprise Communications Support Services, an initiative of the FAA. ECSS-SB is ECSS for Small Business.
* Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, an academic journal on ocean sciences
* Expeditionary Combat Support System, a failed enterprise resource planning software project undertaken by the United States Air Force (USAF) between 2005 and 2012
* Exalted Carrier Single Sideband: Single sideband reception with added tunable level-enhanced carrier before the demodulator during radio reception of an amplitude-modulated station.
# Dúnchad mac Conaing

Dúnchad mac Conaing (or Dúnchad mac Dubáin) (died 654) was king of Dál Riata (modern western Scotland). He was joint ruler with Conall Crandomna until he was defeated and killed by Talorgan son of Eanfrith, king of the Picts, in the Battle of Strathyre. Sources differ on Dúnchad's patronym and thus his presumed ancestry.
The death of Dúnchad mac Conaing in battle is reported in the Annals of Tigernach in 654: "... there fell Dúnchad, son of Conaing, and Congal, son of Ronan". John Bannerman proposed that this Dúnchad was the same person as the Dúnchad or Dúngal who is found as joint ruler with Conall Crandomna. Dúnchad mac Conaing appears in the Senchus fer n-Alban: "These are the sons of Conaing, son of Áedán .i. Rigallán, Ferchar, Artán, Artúr, Dondchad, Domungart, Nechtan, Ném, Crumíne.
However, the Synchronisms of Flann Mainistrech list Dúnchad mac Dubáin as king, while the Duan Albanach associated one Dúngal with Conall. Dubán may be a hypocoristic form of Dub, and represent a byname ("little Black"). An alternative reconstruction made Dúnchad a descendant of Áedán mac Gabráin's passed-over brother Eoganán.
He is presumed to have had at least one son, Conall Cáel (died 681), and it is possible that he was the grandfather, or great-grandfather by some readings, of Fiannamail ua Dúnchado and an ancestor of Dúnchad Bec.
# E. portoricensis

E. portoricensis may refer to:
* Eburia portoricensis, a longhorn beetle
* Elaver portoricensis, a sac spider
* Eleutherodactylus portoricensis, a frog native to Puerto Rico
* Emathis portoricensis, a jumping spider
* Emerita portoricensis, a sand crab
* Erioptera portoricensis, a crane fly
* Eurema portoricensis, a butterfly found in Puerto Rico
# E. prasina

E. prasina may refer to:
* Elaphe prasina, the green trinket snake, green bush rat snake or green ratsnake, a colubrid snake species found in Asia
* Erythrura prasina, the pin-tailed parrotfinch, a bird species found in Southeast Asia
* Eugenia prasina, a plant species endemic to Brazil
# William Maunder Crocker

William Maunder Crocker (born 1843 Devon, England – died 1899 Surrey, England) was an administrator in Borneo.

## Education

Crocker was educated at a private school in Plymouth.

## Career

In 1864, Crocker joined the Sarawak civil service, eventually deputising for the Rajah, although from 1870–1874 he was involved in business, operating a sago factory at Mukah. In 1887, he became Governor of British North Borneo, but only for a year. The Crocker Range in Sabah, Borneo is now named after him.

## Personal life

William Maunder Crocker was born in South Tawton, on the north edge of Dartmoor, the son of Emanuel, a tailor, and Susan. He was married in London in 1878. He died in Surrey, England in 1899.
# William South

William South may refer to:
* William South (photographer), American photographer and inventor
* William South (jockey), British jockey
* William Garnet South, police officer in Alice Springs, Australia
* William Howard South, political figure in Nova Scotia
* Will South, member of the British band Thirteen Senses
# William S. Gubelmann

William S. Gubelmann (1863 – September 26, 1959) was an American inventor who held about 5000 patents, invented adding machines, accounting machines and cash registers. Popular Mechanics called Gubelmann “the father of all calculating machines in use today”. The New York Times said that his inventions "formed the basis of the business machine industry".
# William Sinclair

William Sinclair may refer to:

## Nobility

* William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness (1410–1484), Scottish nobleman
* William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness (1459–1513), Scottish nobleman
* William Sinclair, 10th Earl of Caithness (1727–1779), Scottish nobleman

## Politicians

* William Pirrie Sinclair (1837–1900), MP for Antrim and Falkirk Burghs
* W. E. N. Sinclair (1873–1947), Canadian barrister, solicitor and politician
* William Henry Sinclair (1864–1902), Canadian politician in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories

## Religious figures

* William Sinclair (bishop) (died 1337), bishop of Dunkeld
* William Sinclair (priest) (1804–1878), Scottish author and rector of Pulborough, Sussex
* William Sinclair (archdeacon of London) (1850–1917), Anglican priest and author
* William Sinclair (United Irishmen) (died 1830), Irish revolutionary

## Others

* William Sinclair (cricketer) (1846–1869), Australian cricketer
* William Sinclair (footballer) (born 1934), Scottish footballer
* William Sinclair (fur trader) (1790s–1868), chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company
* William H. Sinclair (1838-1897) Businessman; Union Officer
* William John Sinclair (1877–1935), American geologist and paleontologist
* William Angus Sinclair (1905–1954), Scottish philosopher
* Will Sinclair, a character in Angel in My Pocket