OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1997 World Weightlifting Championships – Men's 64 kg

The 1997 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Chiang Mai, Thailand from December 6 to December 14. The men's competition in the 64 kg division was staged on 8 December 1997.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Snatch | Wang Guohua (CHN) | 147.5 kg | Hafız Süleymanoğlu (TUR) | 145.0 kg | Xiao Jiangang (CHN) | 142.5 kg |
| Clean & Jerk | Xiao Jiangang (CHN) | 175.0 kg | Asif Malikov (AZE) | 172.5 kg | Valentin Sarov (BUL) | 170.0 kg |
| Total | Xiao Jiangang (CHN) | 317.5 kg | Hafız Süleymanoğlu (TUR) | 315.0 kg | Asif Malikov (AZE) | 305.0 kg |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world records were as follows.
| World Record | Snatch | Wang Guohua (CHN) | 150.0 kg | Busan, South Korea | 12 May 1997 |
| World Record | Clean & Jerk | Valerios Leonidis (GRE) | 187.5 kg | Atlanta, United States | 22 July 1996 |
| World Record | Total | Naim Süleymanoğlu (TUR) | 335.0 kg | Atlanta, United States | 22 July 1996 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Snatch (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Clean & Jerk (kg) | Total |
| Rank | Athlete | Body weight | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | Total |
| | Xiao Jiangang (CHN) | 63.80 | 137.5 | 142.5 | 145.0 | | 175.0 | 180.0 | 180.0 | | 317.5 |
| | Hafız Süleymanoğlu (TUR) | 63.50 | 140.0 | 142.5 | 145.0 | | 165.0 | 170.0 | 172.5 | 4 | 315.0 |
| | Asif Malikov (AZE) | 63.15 | 132.5 | 132.5 | 137.5 | 8 | 167.5 | 172.5 | 175.0 | | 305.0 |
| 4 | Valentin Sarov (BUL) | 63.25 | 135.0 | 140.0 | 140.0 | 4 | 160.0 | 160.0 | 170.0 | | 305.0 |
| 5 | Mücahit Yağcı (TUR) | 63.35 | 130.0 | 135.0 | 135.0 | 5 | 160.0 | 165.0 | 172.5 | 5 | 300.0 |
| 6 | Yoshihisa Miyaji (JPN) | 63.90 | 135.0 | 140.0 | 140.0 | 7 | 160.0 | 165.0 | 167.5 | 9 | 295.0 |
| 7 | Yosri Shalaly (EGY) | 64.00 | 122.5 | 127.5 | 127.5 | 9 | 155.0 | 160.0 | 165.0 | 6 | 292.5 |
| 8 | Marcus Stephen (NRU) | 63.45 | 120.0 | 125.0 | 125.0 | 10 | 162.5 | 167.5 | 167.5 | 7 | 282.5 |
| 9 | Mohd Hidayat Hamidon (MAS) | 63.85 | 120.0 | 125.0 | 125.0 | 11 | 155.0 | 162.5 | 162.5 | 10 | 275.0 |
| 10 | Kamaruzaman Jusan (MAS) | 63.65 | 115.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | 12 | 135.0 | 140.0 | 142.5 | 11 | 255.0 |
| — | Wang Guohua (CHN) | 64.00 | 142.5 | 145.0 | 147.5 | | 165.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 | — | — |
| — | Marian Dodiță (ROM) | 63.55 | 130.0 | 135.0 | 140.0 | 6 | 162.5 | 162.5 | 162.5 | — | — |
| — | Zoltán Farkas (HUN) | 63.90 | 137.5 | 137.5 | 137.5 | — | 160.0 | 165.0 | 165.0 | 8 | — |
# 1769 in science

The year 1769 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

## Astronomy

* March 4 – French astronomer Charles Messier first records the Orion Nebula (Messier 42).
* June 3 – Transit of Venus is observed from many places in order to obtain data for measuring the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Those taking part include
** Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche at San José del Cabo, Baja California
** James Cook and Charles Green on Tahiti
** Jeremiah Dixon and William Bayly in northern Norway, Dixon at Hammerfest and Bayly at North Cape
** Maximilian Hell and János Sajnovics in Vardø, Norway
** Guillaume Le Gentil in Pondicherry, India: Le Gentil had hoped to go to Manila in the Philippines but was turned away by the local Spanish colonial governor. The weather in Pondicherry is cloudy that day. Le Gentil had also missed the 1761 transit through bad luck.
** Alexandre Guy Pingré in Haiti
** William Wales and Joseph Dymond at Prince of Wales Fort on Hudson Bay
** Anders Johan Lexell and Christian Mayer in Saint Petersburg; with other members of Russian Academy of Sciences at eight other locations in the Russian Empire
** Members of the American Philosophical Society at three locations
The transit is followed five hours later by a total solar eclipse visible from Britain.
* November 9 – Transit of Mercury. James Cook observes this from Mercury Bay in New Zealand.
* Pluto's 8th complete orbit around the Sun from its present-day position

## Chemistry

* Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers a method of mass-producing phosphorus.
* Approximate date – Britannia metal is first produced, in Sheffield, England.

## Technology

* April 29 – James Watt is granted a British patent for "A method of lessening the consumption of steam in steam engines" – the separate condenser, a key improvement (first devised by Watt in 1765) which stimulates the Industrial Revolution. In September he completes a full-size experimental engine at Kinneil House in Scotland.
* July 3 – Richard Arkwright is granted a British patent for a water-powered spinning frame able to spin thread mechanically.
* October 23 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrates a steam-powered artillery tractor (or 'automobile') in France (see drawing).
* Wolfgang von Kempelen begins development of his speaking machine.

## Exploration

* March 16 – Louis Antoine de Bougainville returns to Saint-Malo following a three-year circumnavigation of the world with the ships La Boudeuse and Étoile, with the loss of only seven out of 330 men.

## Awards

* Copley Medal: William Hewson

## Births

* January 1
** Marie-Louise Lachapelle, French midwife (died 1821)
** Jane Marcet, née Haldimand, English popular science writer (died 1858)
* March 23 – William Smith, English geologist (died 1839)
* March 29 – Friedrich Accum, German chemist (died 1838)
* April 25 – Marc Isambard Brunel, French-born engineer (died 1849)
* August 23 – Georges Cuvier, French zoologist (died 1832)
* September 14 – Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (died 1859)
# Lancot Meadow

Lancot Meadow is a 2-hectare (4.9-acre) nature reserve in western Dunstable in Bedfordshire. It is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
The site is a grassland remnant on chalk soil, and a remnant of flower-rich meadows in the area. Flora include common spotted-orchids, ox-eye daisies and bird's foot trefoils. There are fauna such as song thrushes and marbled white butterflies. Hedgerows provide and additional habitat.
There is access from Badgers Gate.
# The Very Best of Beverley Craven

The Very Best Of Beverley Craven is a compilation album by Beverley Craven, released in 2004 through Epic Records.

## Track listing

* "Promise Me"
* "Woman to Woman"
* "Holding On"
* "Memories"
* "Joey"
* "Two of a Kind"
* "Love Scenes"
* "Love Is the Light"
* "Mollie's Song"
* "Feels Like the First Time"
* "We Found a Place"
* "Say You're Sorry"
* "Phoenix from the Fire"
* "Tick Tock"
* Tracks 1–7,9–14 written by Beverley Craven
* Track 8 written by Beverley Craven and Colin Campsie
# Archibald Sturrock

Archibald Sturrock (30 September 1816 – 1 January 1909) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who was born at Petruchie, Angus, Scotland. He was locomotive superintendent of the Great Northern Railway from 1850 until c. 1866, having from 1840 been Daniel Gooch's assistant on the Great Western Railway.
Archibald Sturrock is often remembered for his unsuccessful experiment with steam tenders. However, his principal achievement was the opening of the Great Northern main line and the establishment of GNR's reputation for a reliable and comfortable passenger service from London to York and beyond.

## Career
### Dundee Foundry

Sturrock was born in 1816. His father, who was agent to the Bank of Scotland, was shocked when Sturrock, aged 15, took an apprenticeship at the Dundee Foundry. Here he was involved with the construction of a locomotive for the Dundee and Newtyle Railway and met Daniel Gooch, who was to become Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Western Railway.

### Great Western Railway

Following a period with Fairbairns in Manchester, and travel abroad, Sturrock persuaded Gooch to offer him a post in the Locomotive department of the GWR in 1840. In spite of a difficult initial relationship with Brunel, Sturrock won his confidence and was appointed Works Manager at Swindon Works. Sturrock worked with Gooch, who was based in London, designing and building the Iron Duke and other GWR locomotives. When the recession of the late 1840s hit the GWR, a glowing reference from Brunel helped secure Sturrock the post of Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Northern Railway in 1850.

### Great Northern Railway

During his 16 years with the GNR, Sturrock designed over a dozen classes of both passenger and goods locomotives to meet the needs of the fast-growing railway, where the transport of coal and other minerals was as important to the profitability of the line as passenger traffic. Sturrock was accountable for around 40% of expenditure and he continually battled with the chairman and board to persuade them to purchase locomotives, wagons and carriages in time to meet the growing demands of the line. In 1850 when Sturrock joined the GNR, there were 340 employees in the Locomotive Department and the locomotive mileage was 609,092. When he retired in 1866, the employees numbered 3,834 and the mileage was 4,873,113.

### Yorkshire Engine Company

Sturrock had a long and active retirement in Doncaster. He was involved with the founding of the Yorkshire Engine Company and chaired the business for several years. He died in London in 1909.
# Numan Salgado

Numan Pompilio Salgado García (born 11 January 1968) is a Salvadoran politician, lawyer, and businessman who served as a deputy of the Legislative Assembly from 2015 to 2024. He also served as the first secretary of the Legislative Assembly from 2018 to 2021 and the second secretary from 2021 to 2024.

## Early life

Numan Pompilio Salgado García was born on 11 January 1968. He graduated from the Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School as a bachelor in judicial sciences.

## Political career

During the 2012 legislative election, Salgado ran with the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) seeking to be elected as a deputy to the Legislative Assembly, however, he was not elected.
During the 2015 legislative election, the Supreme Electoral Court suspended the candidacy of Sandra Salgado, his sister, as deputy to the Legislative Assembly. Salgado replaced his sister as one of GANA's candidate for deputy from San Miguel; Salgado was elected as a deputy. He was a member of the women and gender equality commission, the narrator of the foreign relations, Central American integration, and Salvadorans in the exterior commission, and the president of the youth and sport commission.
Salgado was re-elected in the 2018 legislative election. Salgado's supplement deputy was Gloria Elizabeth Gómez, his former sister-in-law. Salgado was the first secretary of the Legislative Assembly. He was also the narrator of the women and gender equality commission, the president of the foreign relations, Central American integration, and Salvadorans in the exterior commission, and the president of the youth and sport commission. In February 2020, Salgado defended President Nayib Bukele's ordering of 40 soldiers of the Salvadoran Armed Forces to enter the meeting room of the Legislative Assembly amidst a political stalemate regarding the approval of a US$109 million loan to fund his Territorial Control Plan.
Salgado was re-elected in the 2021 legislative election. Salgado's supplement deputy was Karla Yuriko Salgado, his niece. On 1 May 2021, he was elected as the second secretary of the Legislative Assembly. That same day, he voted with the Nuevas Ideas supermajority in the Legislative Assembly to remove the 5 justices of the Supreme Court's Constitutional Court and remove Attorney General Raúl Melara. He was a member of the public works, transportation, and housing commission. On 8 June 2021, Salgado voted in favor of adopting the Bitcoin Law to make bitcoin legal tender in El Salvador.
Salgado sought re-election in the 2024 legislative election; Salgado lost re-election.

## Personal life

Salgado owns the company Salgado Brothers Commercial San Miguel.
Salgado has a sister, Sandra, and a brother, Wilfredo [es], who formerly served as the mayor of San Miguel.
# Nyata

Nyata is an island in the Barat Daya Islands in the Banda Sea. It is northwest of Romang, in the Banda Sea.
# The Viper of Milan

The Viper of Milan is a 1906 historical novel by the British writer Marjorie Bowen. Written when she was sixteen it received a number of rejections from publishers before its eventual publication. It proved a bestseller and launched her on a prolific career involving many popular successes. It is set in Renaissance Italy during the fourteenth century. It portrays the relentless rivalry between Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan and Mastino della Scala, a dispossessed ruler of Verona.
It was republished in 1960 with a foreword by Graham Greene.
# Nuruk

Nuruk (Korean: 누룩) is a traditional Korean fermentation starter. It is used to make various types of Korean alcoholic beverages including takju, cheongju, and soju. It is an essential ingredient in Shindari and is mixed with rice. Historically, it was used in a variety of provinces of Korea, including Jeju Island.
Wheat, rice (of both the glutinous and non-glutinous types), and barley are used to make nuruk, either as whole grain or in the form of grits or flour. Wheat nuruk is the most common variety. The dry grain is moistened, shaped into a large cake, and hung up to ferment for 2‒4 weeks in an ondol room. The cake matures at a precise temperature until a mold forms.

## Origin

Nuruk has been used in Korea since the period of the Three Kingdoms in the 3rd century CE, while similar fermentation starter, jiuqu, was first made in China during the Warring States period beginning in the 5th century BCE. Chinese history records the first use of nuruk in Korea in 1123 CE.
Traditionally, nuruk was prepared on a small scale by families in summer or autumn, especially in July when the ambient temperature is between 20–30 °C (68–86 °F) on the Korean peninsula. It has been mass-produced in factories since the 1920s.

## Characteristics

Microorganisms present in nuruk include Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacilli, and yeasts, predominantly Pichia anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aspergillus provides the enzyme amylase, which saccharifies the rice's starches. The resulting sugars are consumed by the yeasts, producing alcohol, as well as the Lactobacilli, producing lactic acid. Rhizopus provides the enzyme protease and lipase, which break down the protein and fat in the outer layers of the rice grain (endosperm), allowing the amylase access to the starches in the inner part.
The proportions of microorganisms can vary depending on the region where the nuruk was made. Nuruk made in the southern coastal areas surrounding Busan, for example, have a higher lactic acid bacteria content due to the warmer climate and humidity.
Chemically, it contains 2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ), also found in fermented wheat germ extract.
# Mikadotrochus

Mikadotrochus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pleurotomariidae, the slit snails.

## Species

Species within the genus Mikadotrochus include:
* Mikadotrochus beyrichii (Hilgendorf, 1877)
* Mikadotrochus gotoi (Anseeuw, 1990)
* Mikadotrochus hirasei hirasei (Pilsbry, 1903)
** Mikadotrochus hirasei yamamotoi (A. Yamamoto, 1993), Species inquirenda
* Mikadotrochus mikadotrochus Pilsbry
* Mikadotrochus salmianus (Rolle, 1887)
* Mikadotrochus nantoensisLin，1975:

### Species brought into synonymy

* Mikadotrochus amabilis Bayer, 1963: synonym of Perotrochus amabilis (Bayer, 1963)
* Mikadotrochus anseeuwi Kanazawa & Y. Goto, 1991: synonym of Perotrochus anseeuwi Kanazawa & Y. Goto, 1991
* Mikadotrochus caledonicus (Bouchet & Métivier, 1982): synonym of Perotrochus caledonicus Bouchet & Métivier, 1982
* Mikadotrochus deforgesi B. Métivier, 1990: synonym of Perotrochus deforgesi Métivier, 1990
* Mikadotrochus oishii T. Shikama, 1973: synonym of Perotrochus oishii (Shikama, 1973)
* Mikadotrochus schmalzi T. Shikama, 1961: synonym of Mikadotrochus salmianus (Rolle, 1899)
# Miguel Correa

Miguel Antonio Correa (born 11 October 1983) is an Argentine sprint canoeist who competed since the late 2000s. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, he was eliminated in the semifinals of both the K-1 500 m and the K-1 1000 m events. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he and teammate Rubén Voisard, finished in 5th in the men's K-2 200 m.
He was granted the Konex Award Merit Diploma in 2010 as one of the five best canoe racers of the last decade in Argentina. He won the silver medal at the 2011 Pan American Games.
# William Herbert Dray

William Herbert Dray (23 June 1921, in Montreal – 6 August 2009, in Toronto) was a Canadian philosopher of history. He was Professor Emeritus at the University of Ottawa.
He is known for his version of anti-positivist Verstehen in history, in Laws and Explanation in History, and his work on R. G. Collingwood.

## Selected publications

* Dray, William H. Laws and explanation in history. Oxford University Press, 1957.
* Dray, William H. Philosophy of history. Prentice-Hall 1964.
* Dray, William H. Holism and individualism in history and social science. 1967.
* Dray, William H. 'On the nature and role of narrative in historiography', in History and theory 10.2 (1971): 153–171.
* Dray, William H. On history and philosophers of history, vol. 2 of Philosophy of History and Culture, ed. by Krausz, Michael. Brill, 1989.
* Dray, William H. History as re-enactment: RG Collingwood's idea of history. Clarendon Press, 1996.
# Microcotyle constricta

Microcotyle constricta is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Microcotylidae.

## Taxonomy

Microcotyle constricta was first described by Robinson in 1961 from the gills of the New Zealand blue cod Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae) based on one specimens (one sectioned). In 1965, Dillon & Hargis redescribed this species based on 20 specimens and gave additional information regarding buccal organs, seminal receptacle position and egg.

## Morphology

Microcotyle constricta has the general morphology of all species of Microcotyle, with a symmetrical elongate body, rounded anteriorly and comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is symmetrical, and bears 74-82 rectangular clamps, arranged as two rows, one on each side. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. There are also two oval septate buccal suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, a rounded pharynx, an enlarged oesophagus immediately posterior to the pharynx and, which extends to the level of the posterior margin of the genital atrium, and a posterior intestine with two lateral branches provided with numerous secondary branches. The left branch extends into the haptor. Each adult contains male and female reproductive organs. The reproductive organs include an anterior circular genital atrium located approximately midway between the buccal suckers and body constriction, armed with numerous elongate rose-thorn shaped spines, a medio-dorsal vagina located at level of body constriction, a single tubular coiled ovary and 18-25 follicular testes which are posterior to the ovary and closely packed.

## Diagnosis

Microcotyle constricta most closely resembles Microcotyle ditrematis, but differs in clamps' width and structure; the rounded genital atrium; the rounded anterior end of body and the constriction at level of the vaginal pore.

## Hosts and localities

The type-host of Microcotyle constricta is the New Zealand blue cod Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae). The type-locality is off New Zealand. Dillon & Hargis reported this species from the type-host and locality.
# Democracy and Leadership

Democracy and Leadership is a book by Irving Babbitt, first published by Houghton Mifflin in 1924. A new edition was published by Liberty Fund Inc. in 1979, with an introduction by Russell Kirk.

## Synopsis

Babbitt criticizes what he calls the naturalistic movement in modern Western society. He distinguishes two aspects of this movement, letting Francis Bacon exemplify its mechanistic and utilitarian side and Jean-Jacques Rousseau its sentimental side. Both ignore the need to order human life with reference to a transcendent ethical principle. The utilitarian and sentimental dispositions are frequently joined in a single individual. According to Babbitt, no amount of sentimental “love” or sociopolitical activism can substitute for a lack of real moral character. The book rejects historical deterministic philosophies from Saint Augustine to Bossuet. It details political philosophy from Aristotle onwards, explaining how governmental philosophies have tried and failed over time. In the book, Babbitt provides a convincing critique of "unchecked majoritarianism," while dealing with the issue of how to find leaders who have high standards.

## Recognition

* "...one of the few truly important works of political thought." —Russell Kirk
* "Today, the wisdom of Babbitt's view is apparent." —Joe Lee Davis

## Background

Babbitt considered moral character so important that it could not be superseded by socio-political activism or sentimentality. In some cases, he believed social reform could be helpful, but never as a replacement for individual conscience. He explains: "With the present trend toward 'social justice,' the time is rapidly approaching when everybody will be minding everybody else’s business. For the conscience that is felt as a still, small voice and that is the basis of real justice, we have substituted a social conscience that operates rather through a megaphone. The busybody, for the first time perhaps in the history of the world, has been taken at his own estimate of himself."
# Matlapana

Matlapana is a village in North-West District of Botswana. It is located north-east of the district capital Maun. The population was 1,169 in 2001 census.
# Con Lehane

Con Lehane may refer to:
* Con Lehane (socialist) (1877–1919), socialist active in the Irish Socialist Republican Party, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Socialist Party of Great Britain
* Con Lehane (Irish republican) (1911–1983), member of the IRA Army Council and member of Dáil Éireann
# Pheidole elongicephala

Pheidole elongicephala is a species of ant in the genus Pheidole. It was discovered and described by Eguchi, K. in 2008.
# Harry R. Melone Jr.

Harry Roberts Melone Jr. (June 30, 1928 - January 30, 2009) is a former US ambassador to Rwanda.
Melone was born in Auburn, New York. He completed his undergraduate education at Dartmouth College in 1950.
In 1951, he joined the United States Department of State and was posted to Tabriz, Tehran, Yaoundé and at the State Department. He served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Bangui (1961–63) and in Niamey (1963–64), and as international relations officer in the Bureau of African Affairs at the State Department. He served as advisor for African cultural affairs at the United States Mission to the United Nations (1966–68) and as counselor for political affairs in Conakry (1968–69). Melone attended the National War College in 1970–71, and was appointed Ambassador to the Republic of Rwanda by President Jimmy Carter on September 24, 1979.

## Sources

* http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=31405
Diplomatic posts :
| Preceded byT. Frank Crigler | United States Ambassador to Rwanda 1979–1982 | Succeeded byJohn Blane |
* This American diplomat–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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