OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kannada Virtual University

Kannada Virtual University (KVU) (Kannada lang: Kannada Vastavopama Vishwavidyalaya): The Department of Kannada and Culture's plan to establish a Kannada Virtual University (KVU) on the lines of the Tamil Virtual Academy (TVA) has gained momentum with Kannada Software Development Committee (KSDC) recently deciding to submit a proposal to the government on the matter.
Though the KSDC recommended setting up of the KVU in its report submitted in 2010, the plan has been lying in cold storage, allegedly because of the apathy of the previous BJP dispensation and the present Congress government.
The government approving the project now will be considered as a gift to the people at a time the State celebrates the 60th Kannada Rajyotsava.
At its recent meeting, the KSDC decided to take forward the plan of setting up the KVU and submit a detailed project report (DPR) to the government shortly. "We are optimistic about getting positive response from the government," said K.A. Dayanand, Director, Kannada and Culture. According to Chidananda Gowda, president of the KSDC who visited the TVA and studied its model, Tamilians living outside Tamil Nadu have been benefiting from the TVA to a large extent. Similarly, the KVU will be a boon to the Kannada diaspora, he said.

## Internet-based resources

Once the KVU or Kannada Vastavopama Vishwavidyalaya is established, Kannada community living in different parts of the globe, as well as others interested in learning the language and acquiring knowledge on the history, art, literature and culture of Kannadigas will get Internet-based resources, he explained.
The KVU will help in developing and delivering Internet-based learning material in Kannada, customised programmes to meet the cultural needs, and initiate and continue measures to coordinate and pool together knowledge resources, besides offering academic programmes in Kannada and awarding certificate, diploma and degree on completion of prescribed requirements, said a member of the KSDC on condition of anonymity.
He said that had the government acted immediately after the KSDC submitted its report in 2010, the process of establishing the KVU would have commenced by now. "Even now it is not too late. If the department takes the initiative after getting approval from the government, it could be possible to put a skeletal structure in place by the Kannada Rajyotsava," he said.

## Tamil Virtual Academy

Tamil Nadu government established the Tamil Virtual University in 2001 and renamed it later as Tamil Virtual Academy (TVA).
The TVA is providing Internet-based resources and opportunities for Tamil communities living in different parts of the globe, as well as others interested in learning Tamil, science, technology, Tamil computing software and acquiring knowledge on the history, art, literature and culture of Tamils. The academy awards certificate, diploma and degree through Tamil University on completion of the prescribed requirements.
# Rallerotawewa

Rallerotawewa is a small town in Sri Lanka. It is located within Southern Province.
# Eublemma parallela

Eublemma parallela is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Syria, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Iraq and Iran.
The wingspan is 21–27 millimetres (0.83–1.06 in). Adults are on wing from June to July in one generation.
# Zhang Weishuang

Zhang Weishuang is a Chinese footballer.
She competed at the 2006 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship, winning a silver medal. She scored a goal. She competed at the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, where she scored a goal against the United States.
# Guaripola

In the Peruvian city of Trujillo, a Guaripola is a young woman who leads a band of musicians in a parade. She often juggles and gives a show of dancing and acrobatic maneuvering using a bar or stick, called a guaripola.

## History

The first Trujillo Spring Festival was held in 1950. Some of the most appreciated participants in the festival each year are the "Guaripolas". The Guaripolas animate the principal parade and give artistic presentations in several locations in the city.

## Description

The Guaripola is generally a young girl who leads every band of musicians in the principal parade for the Spring Festival. She dresses in a one-piece swimsuit and uses a bar of metal during her performance. The festival presents approximately 10 Guaripolas, with each one giving an independent show (dancing and acrobatic maneuvering with a bar or stick called guaripola) with a band. The parade lasts about 3 hours.
* Guaripolas and Queens of Spring in the Paseo de Aguas in Víctor Larco District
* Guaripolas in Trujillo Spring Festival
* Guaripolas in a show
# Koutiala Cercle

Koutiala Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The administrative center is the town of Koutiala. The Cercle is divided into 36 communes.

## Economy

Koutiala is the heartland of the cotton production in Mali and its main town is sometimes called "the white gold capital" for its cotton. However, the industry has been affected by stagnation since the 1980s. Aside from cotton it is also noted for grain production, primarily pearl millet, sorghum and maize.

## Administrative divisions

The Cercle of Koutiala is divided into 36 communes:
* Diédougou
* Diouradougou Kafo
* Fagui
* Fakolo
* Gouadji Kao
* Goudié Sougouna
* Kafo Faboli
* Kapala
* Karagouana Mallé
* Kolonigué
* Konina
* Koningué
* Konséquéla
* Koromo
* Kouniana
* Koutiala
* Logouana
* M'Pessoba
* Miéna
* N'Golonianasso
* N'Goutjina
* N'Tossoni
* Nafanga
* Nampé
* Niantaga
* Sincina
* Sinkolo
* Songo-Doubacoré
* Songoua
* Sorobasso
* Tao
* Yognogo
* Zanfigué
* Zangasso
* Zanina
* Zébala
# Karandeniya Electoral District

Karandeniya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between July 1977 and February 1989. The district was named after the town of Karandeniya in Galle District, Southern Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Karandeniya electoral district was replaced by the Galle multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

## Members of Parliament

Key
Independent SLFP UNP
| Election | Election | Member | Party | Term |
| | 1977 | Bandulahewa Senadheera | United National Party | 1977 - 1982 |
| | | Daya Sepali Senadheera | United National Party | 1982 - 1988 |

## Elections
### 1977 Parliamentary General Election

Results of the 8th parliamentary election held on 21 July 1977:
| Candidate | Party | Symbol | Votes | % |
| Bandulahewa Senadheera | United National Party | Elephant | 17,790 | 58.69 |
| Wilson Wijetunga | Sri Lanka Freedom Party | Hand | 10,887 | 35.91 |
| Henry Wilson Karunaratne | Communist Party of Sri Lanka | Star | 950 | 3.13 |
| Francis Tudawe | | Lamp | 274 | 0.90 |
| Pinikahane Saddhatissa Thero | | Chair | 198 | 0.65 |
| Ananda Wijeratne | | Umbrella | 138 | 0.46 |
| Valid Votes | Valid Votes | Valid Votes | 30,237 | 99.75 |
| Rejected Votes | Rejected Votes | Rejected Votes | 77 | 0.25 |
| Total Polled | Total Polled | Total Polled | 30,314 | 100.0 |
| Registered Electors | Registered Electors | Registered Electors | 34,918 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 86.81 |
In January 1982 Senadheera died, his parliamentary position was filled by his wife, Daya Sepali. She was assassinated in 1988 by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP).
# Elena Alexandrina Bednarik

Elena Alexandrina Barabaș-Bednarik (19 April 1883 – 24 February 1939) was a Romanian painter and art teacher.

## Biography

Bednarik graduated from the National School of Art in Bucharest in 1908, where she was taught by Dimitrie Serafim. From 1909 to 1912, she studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. She later became a painting teacher at the high schools "Principesa Elena" in Brașov, "Domnița Ileana" and "Notre-Dame" in Bucharest.
She had one child, Beatrice. When her first child, Beatrice Bednarik, was born, Elena Alexandrina Bednarik was 39 years old. She married Romanian painter Ignat Bednarik and died in Mogoșoaia.

## Artwork

Bednarik created works depicting Romanian fairy tales, as well as political cartoons.
# Petrie of Rochdale

Alexander Petrie and Co was a company that manufactured stationary steam engines. It was based in Rochdale, Greater Manchester in England. The company did general millwrighting, producing some steam engines during the 19th century. Around 1845, their superintendent, William McNaught, was producing large steam-driven beam engines for textile mills in Rochdale.

## History

Alexander Petrie, an iron founder and millwright from Cumberland, set up a small firm in Bury about 1792. His son, John Petrie served his apprenticeship with him in Bury, and then converted some cottages behind Cheetham St, Rochdale. John Petrie, was successful taking much business from his father. His father closed down and joined his son in a new firm Alexander Petrie and Son, where they were described in 1816-7 as ‘Iron & Brass Founders’. In 1818, they built and equipped a new, larger foundry the Phoenix Foundry, on Whitehall Street. They made their first steam engine in 1819. It was an 8 hp (nominal) engine for James King of Leavengreave. This was the first steam engine built in Rochdale. It was sold at £300. (£28749 current prices). By 1845, they employed William McNaught (Rochdale) as the factory superintendent, and he also designed engines, such as the pair of 120 hp nominal (700 hp indicated) beam engines for Bright's New Mill in 1845. McNaught left and founded his own firm. In 1853, John Petrie, junior patented and made the first automatic wool-washing machine.
Petries continued to make ever larger engines. For instance Brierfield Mills, Brierfield, near Burnley, Lancs, who were cotton spinners and weavers bought a horizontal engine for their spinning mill from Petries in 1894. It probably replaced a beam engine. It was designed to develop 1,500 ihp at 57rpm. The cylinders were 24, 36, 42, and 42in bore by 5 ft stroke, all with twist cut-off piston-valves, that had been developed by McNaught, and with internal valves for the high-and intermediate-cylinders. The 24 ft flywheel drove by 36 ropes. Eight Petrie boilers provided steam at 160psi for this engine and two other Petrie engines, and one from Burnley Ironworks. These engines were finally scrapped in 1959.
J & W McNaught amalgamated with Petries to form Petrie and McNaught.

## Petrie and McNaught

They became a public company in 1920, and by 1936 they were manufacturing washing and drying machinery for textile industry. In 1961 they were manufacturers of washing and drying machines, green crop and grain drying plants, baling presses for scrap metals and complete carbonising plants, with 233 employees.

## Mills driven by their engines

* John King, Leavengreave, Facit.1819 ( 8 hp-nominal)
* John Whitworth, Facit.1820( 20 hp-nominal)
* Newall of Littleborough 1829
* Bright's (120 hp-nominal- 700 hp-indicated)
* Whitelees, Littleborough 1842.
# Alexander Barclay (apothecary)

Alexander Barclay (floruit 1565–1608) was an apothecary in Edinburgh.
Barclay provided drugs and medicines for the Scottish royal family and their physicians John Naysmyth, Gilbert Primrose, and Martin Schöner.
Barclay was established as an apothecary and burgess of Edinburgh on 20 October 1570. His father George Barclay was also an Edinburgh burgess.
He was appointed apothecary to James VI of Scotland on 7 February 1577 with an annual pension of £50 Scots.
In 1577 he supplied candles, called censer candles, to James VI and his tutor Peter Young.
Barclay also sold sugar confectionery, the family of William Douglas of Lochleven bought boxes of wet and dry confections. These were sometimes consumed for medicinal purposes.
In September 1584 the surgeon Gilbert Primrose was imprisoned in Dumbarton Castle. He was allowed bail or caution for future loyalty at £1,000 Scots, guaranteed by the textile merchant Robert Jousie and Barclay.
On 10 February 1594 he was appointed to attend Anne of Denmark at Stirling Castle when she gave birth to Prince Henry, with the doctors Martin Schöner, Gilbert Moncreiff, and the surgeon Gilbert Primrose. As apothecary to the king and queen he was rewarded with an exemption from customs duties in 1597.
Edinburgh burgh hosted a banquet for the queen's brother, Ulrik, Duke of Holstein, on 2 May 1598 at the house of Ninian MacMorran at Riddle's court. Wine was sweetened and spiced to make Hippocras by two apothecaries, John Lawtie and John Clavie. Alexander Barclay made two pints of "vergeis" and a mutchkin of perfumed rose water.
He supplied drugs for Princess Margaret to Martin Schöner and materials for her embalming.
In May 1601 he supplied plasters, oil, and liniments to James VI who had hurt his arm, and in the same month provided medicines for Anne of Denmark and Prince Charles.
In November 1602 he was paid £388 Scots for "drugs, oils, unguents, medicaments, and plasters" supplied to the king.
Barclay had apprentices, including Thomas Adamson from Kelso in 1597.
The exact date of his death is uncertain, but it took place before 1608.
One of his predecessors at the Scottish court was John Mosman, who worked for James IV and Margaret Tudor.

## Family

Barclay married Janet Auchmowtie who died in 1571. He married secondly, Margaret Henderson. Their children included:
* A daughter who married the academic Henry Charteris.
# Guarita River

The Guarita River is a river of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil.
# Heinrich Koenen

Heinrich Koenen (12 May 1910 – February 1945) was a German engineer, anti-fascist resistance fighter and agent of the Soviet military intelligence service GRU, known as a "scout".

## Life

Heinrich Koenen was born in the Konigsberg district of Berlin, the son of Communist Reichstag deputy Wilhelm Koenen. He was selected as political head of the Young Communist League of Germany. He studied engineering at the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin), but for political reasons was expelled in 1933 before his final examination. He emigrated via Denmark and Sweden to the Soviet Union, where he worked as an engineer in a Moscow tractor factory and in 1940, became a Soviet citizen.
After Germany attacked the Soviet Union in 1941, he volunteered for military service and was trained for use in Germany as a paratrooper and radio operator. He was given the task of restoring the broken links between the Moscow headquarters of the Comintern and the GRU and the Berlin group of the Red Orchestra. On 23 October 1942, Koenen parachuted behind German lines at Osterode in East Prussia and made his way to Berlin to his contact, Ilse Stöbe. On 29 October 1942, he was arrested by a Gestapo official waiting at Stöbe's apartment.
Koenen was executed without trial at Sachsenhausen concentration camp in February 1945. His name is inscribed on a memorial in the Gedenkstätte der Sozialisten Socialist Memorial in Lichtenberg, Berlin.
# Australian Tape Manufacturers Association Ltd v Commonwealth

Australian Tape Manufacturers Association Ltd v Commonwealth ("blank tapes levy case"), is a High Court of Australia case that provides guidance as to the constitutional definition of a tax.

## Facts

The Commonwealth made an amendment to the Copyright Act 1968 which was designed to compensate copyright owners for the domestic and private taping of audio material not deemed to be illegal. The money was not paid to the Commonwealth, but to a private entity that distributed the funds to copyright owners as a private copying levy.

## Decision

The Court majority (Mason CJ, Brennan, Deane, Gaudron JJ) relied on dicta from Air Caledonie International v Commonwealth, and ruled that the collecting body of a fee does not have to be a public body for the fee to be regarded as a tax. Therefore, a levy collected by a private body dictated by a statute for public purposes gives the private body a public character. The decision also raised the notion of raising taxes for the public interest.
The decision also contained a strong dissent from the minority (Dawson, Toohey and McHugh JJ). They were critical of the dicta from Air Caledonie as it contained no principles, and no examples. They did not view the fee paid as tax because it was not paid into general government consolidated revenue (Section 81 of the Constitution requires taxes to be paid into consolidated revenue). The royalty imposed by the government was a special type of debt that did not satisfy the elements of taxation. McHugh J added that the term "public purpose" meant government purpose, and the fee imposed had no government purpose. The Commonwealth played a merely supervisory role.
# Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale

The Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale is used to assess a patient's bowel preparation for colonoscopies.

## Scoring bowel preparation

The scale assesses three components of the large intestine: (1) the rectosigmoid colon, (2) the mid colon and (3) the right colon. A maximum score of 4 is used for each section of the large intestine. A score of 0 is given if the bowel preparation is excellent, meaning the mucosal detail is visible, there is no fluid and almost no stool. A score of 1 is given if the bowel preparation is good, meaning there is turbid fluid/stool but the mucosa is visible and wash/suction is not needed. A score of 2 is given if the bowel preparation is fair, meaning there is fluid/stool obscuring the mucosa, suction is needed but wash is not needed. A score of 3 is given if the bowel preparation is poor, meaning that stool obscures the mucosa and suctioning/washing only provides an OK mucosa view. A score of 4 is given if the bowel preparation is inadequate, meaning that stool obscures the mucosa despite major washing/suctioning. The total score is calculated by adding up all 3 scores. The scale has a range from 0 (perfect) to 14 (solid stool in each section and lots of fluid, i.e., a completely unprepared colon).
Other validated preparation scales are the Aronchick Scale and the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale.
# Kapuso

Kapuso is the Tagalog word for "one at heart".
Kapuso may refer to:
# Ramnäs

Ramnäs (Swedish pronunciation: ) is a locality situated in Surahammar Municipality, Västmanland County, Sweden with 1,465 inhabitants in 2010.
In 2014, the area around Ramnas saw the largest forest fire in Sweden in modern times.
# Elfriede Datzig

Elfriede Datzig (26 July 1922 – 27 January 1946) was an Austrian film actress. Following the Anschluss, Datzig appeared in a number of films made by Wien-Film such as the 1939 comedy Anton the Last. She married the actor Albert Hehn. After the war, she formed a band (Hit Kid Swingsters) and sang with Mady Rahl for the USO. In 1946, she died at the age of 23 due to an allergic reaction to penicillin.

## Selected filmography

* Finale (1938)
* Anton the Last (1939)
* Hotel Sacher (1939)
* Fräulein Figaro (short, 1939)
* Roses in Tyrol (1940)
* My Daughter Lives in Vienna (1940)
* The Waitress Anna (1941)
* The Secret Countess (1942)
* The War of the Oxen (1943)
* Black on White (1943)
* The Eternal Tone (1943)
* Trip Acquaintance (1943)
* The White Dream (1943, unfinished)
* Seven Letters (1944)
* The False Bride (1945)
# Đồng Phúc, Bắc Giang

Đồng Phúc is a commune (xã) and village in Yên Dũng District, Bắc Giang Province, which is part of northeastern Vietnam.
# Harryhogan, Virginia

Harryhogan is an unincorporated community in Northumberland County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Guatteria ramiflora

Guatteria ramiflora is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.
# Austromusotima

Austromusotima is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

* Austromusotima camptozonale (Hampson, 1897)
* Austromusotima metastictalis (Hampson, 1917)
# Otto Sutro

Otto Sutro (1833 – January 19, 1896) was a German-born American organist, conductor, minor composer, publisher and music store owner, and a leading figure in the musical life of Baltimore, Maryland.

## Biography

Sutro was born to a Jewish family in Aachen, Germany. He has six brothers and three sisters. His brother Adolph Sutro became the first Jewish Mayor of San Francisco and built the Sutro Baths. His brother Theodore Sutro, husband of Florence Sutro, was seminal in the building and financing the Sutro Tunnel first proposed by his brother Adolph. He studied the organ with Nicolas Lemmens in Brussels and moved to the United States in 1851, undertaking further studies at the Peabody Institute. He hosted a musical appreciation society known as the Wednesday Club. With fellow alum Fritz Finke, Sutro helped found the Oratorio Society of Baltimore, and became its main conductor.

## Personal life

He married Arianna Handy, a pianist, singer, and daughter of a former chief justice of Mississippi, Alexander Hamilton Handy. They had two daughters, Rose and Ottilie Sutro, who were the first recognised piano-duo team. Sutro sat for portrait artist David Dalhoff Neal in 1889 (see image). Rapheal Tuck & Son created a litho art card Character Otto Sutro.
# Yamçılı, Hanak

Yamçılı is a village in the Hanak District, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Its population is 170 (2021).
# Linguistic Data Consortium

The Linguistic Data Consortium is an open consortium of universities, companies and government research laboratories. It creates, collects and distributes speech and text databases, lexicons, and other resources for linguistics research and development purposes. The University of Pennsylvania is the LDC's host institution. The LDC was founded in 1992 with a grant from the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and is partly supported by grant IRI-9528587 from the Information and Intelligent Systems division of the National Science Foundation. The director of LDC is Mark Liberman.
# 1048 Yellow River flood

The 1048 Yellow River flood was a natural disaster along the Yellow River in China caused by the failure of a fascine in Shanghu.
After five years of failed efforts to restore the river to its previous course following the 1034 flood, the Song attempted to change their strategy and adjust their flood control efforts along the river's new paths in 1041.
This was not yet complete when the 1048 flood shifted the river's main course sharply, overtaking the Hai River and further damaging the empire's northern provinces. Their revenues were reduced to about one-fifth their pre-1034 level. This course lasted until 1194. During this century and a half, the coast around modern Tianjin moved forward about 23 kilometers.
# You Need a Man

"You Need A Man" is a song by Shanice. It was the third and final single from Shanice's fourth studio album, Shanice. It was released on September 7, 1999

## Track listing

CD single
* Album Version (3:52)
* Instrumental (3:52)

## Music video

The music video was directed by Bille Woodruff and filmed August 3, 1999.

## Weekly charts

| Chart (1999) | Peak position |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard) | 53 |
# Harryson

Harryson is a Swedish surname, which means son of Harry. Notable people with the surname include:
* Peter Harryson (born 1948), Swedish actor, singer, and entertainer
* John Harryson (1926–2008), Swedish actor, father of Peter
* older spelling of Harrison family of Virginia
# Karina Petrikovičová

Karina Petrikovičová (born 22 September 1993) is a Slovakian Paralympic swimmer who competed at international swimming competitions. She is a World silver medalist and a two-time European bronze medalist, she has also competed at the 2008, 2012 and Slovakia at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.