OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Deoxycytidine diphosphate

Deoxycytidine diphosphate is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is related to the common nucleic acid CTP, or cytidine triphosphate, with the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name), and with one fewer phosphoryl group than CTP .
2'-Deoxycytidine diphosphate is abbreviated as dCDP.

## Synthesis of cytidine nucleotides

Deoxycytidine diphosphate is synthesized through the oxidation-reduction reaction of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine which is catalyzed by the presence of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase. Additionally, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase is capable of binding and catalyzing both the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotide.
# Deoxydehydration

Deoxydehydration (DODH) is a chemical reaction for removing two adjacent hydroxyl groups in a vicinal diol to form an alkene. In contrast to hydrodeoxygenation which uses hydrogen as a reductant, deoxydehydration is able to use a variety of other reductants such as alcohols and organic phosphines. In research, the most common homogeneous catalysts for this reaction use rhenium.
Recently, research has focused on the use of vanadium heterogeneous catalysts for deoxydehydration, such as the conversion of 2,3-butanediol to butene. Although deoxydehydration over vanadium catalysts requires higher temperatures than over rhenium catalysts, the reaction can proceed without the need for hydrogen or external reductants, which can reduce waste products.
# Gaohuang

Gaohuang (Chinese: 高皇; pinyin: Gāohuáng) is a town in Panji District, Huainan, Anhui. As of 2020, it administers Qianwei Residential Community (前圩社区) and the following 24 villages:
* Gaohuang Village
* Shunhe Village (顺河村)
* Zhugang Village (朱岗村)
* Houji Village (后集村)
* Minzhu Village (民主村)
* Daji Village (大集村)
* Longwo Village (龙窝村)
* Sungang Village (孙岗村)
* Caoyin Village (曹尹村)
* Laowei Village (老圩村)
* Suju Village (苏咀村)
* Xiangdong Village (巷东村)
* Duangang Village (段岗村)
* Shengli Village (胜利村)
* Zhaogang Village (赵岗村)
* Waxi Village (洼西村)
* Huaishang Village (淮上村)
* Antai Village (安台村)
* Duanwan Village (段湾村)
* Guangming Village (光明村)
* Zhakou Village (闸口村)
* Zhanggang Village (张岗村)
* Huji Village (胡集村)
* Laohu Village (老胡村)
# Gaoji

Gaoji (Chinese: 高集镇) is a town in Dong'e County, Liaocheng, in western Shandong province, China.
# Orb Swarm

Orb Swarm (also known simply as SWARM) is a kinetic art work consisting of six semi-autonomous spherical robots. It was created in 2007 by a group of engineers and artists including Michael Prados, Jon Foote, Lee Sonko, and many others. Orb Swarm was inspired by previous work in robotics and kinetic art, and seeks to emulate swarm behavior in nature and human dancing. Nearly all of the hardware and software in the project is open source, and others are encouraged to build upon the project's efforts.

## Technology

Each orb is driven by two motors, one for drive and one for steering. The shell is made of welded, water jet cut aluminum, and it moves by pushing against the weight of the batteries inside. For guidance and control, there is a GPS module, an IMU, dead reckoning, and a computer running Linux.
Each orb has several banks of full color LEDs and a sound system that are controlled programmatically.

## Performances

Orb Swarm first appeared at Burning Man in 2007. Other performances have included Maker Faire, Coachella, the California Academy of Sciences Nightlife, Robogames, and the Techkriti festival in Kanpur, India.
# Vivarium (disambiguation)

A vivarium is an enclosed area for keeping and raising lifeforms.
Vivarium may also refer to:
* Vivarium (Milwaukee). 2024 concert venue in Milwaukee Wisconsin
* Vivarium (monastery), founded by Cassiodorus
* Vivarium (Rome), the location in ancient Rome where wild animals were kept
* Vivarium Inc., a Japanese video game company
* Vivarium (EP), a 2009 release by the rock band Twin Atlantic
* Vivarium Studio, a theatrical company based in Paris
* Vivarium (film), a 2019 sci-fi film directed by Lorcan Finnegan
# Deperdussin T

The Deperdussin T was a French monoplane built by Société Pour les Appareils Deperdussin, (later to become S.P.A.D.).

## Specifications (T)

Data from
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 8.3 m (27 ft 3 in)
* Wingspan: 10.63 m (34 ft 11 in)
* Height: 2.70 m (8 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 28.0 m$^2$ (301 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 350 kg (772 lb)
* Gross weight: 450 kg (992 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome 7 Gamma 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 52 kW (70 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
* Maximum speed: 115 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn)
* Endurance: 2 hours 20 minutes
* Service ceiling: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
# Deperdussin TT

The Deperdussin TT was a French monoplane built by Société Pour les Appareils Deperdussin, later to become S.P.A.D. Introduced in 1912, the type was one widely used by the French Air Force (then Aviation Militaire) before the First World War. In February 1914, an experiment was made to install a machine gun on the aircraft, but this did not see service.
A number were used by the Naval Wing of the British Royal Flying Corps, one being fitted with floats and flown from Lake Windemere.

## Operators
### Belgium

* Belgian Air Force

### France

* French Air Force

### Paraguay

* Paraguayan Air Force

### Portugal

* Portuguese Air Force

### Russia

* Imperial Russian Air Service

### Serbia

* Serbian Air Force

### Spain

* Spanish Air Force

### Turkey

* Ottoman Air Force

### United Kingdom

* Royal Flying Corps
** No. 3 Squadron RFC
* Royal Naval Air Service

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: Two
* Length: 7.92 m (26 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 10.97 m (36 ft 0 in)
* Height: 2.69 m (8 ft 10 in)
* Gross weight: 725 kg (1,664 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Rotary , 60 kW (80 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 114 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn)
* Endurance: 2 hours 20 minutes
# Mitch Brown

Mitch Brown, Mitchell Brown or Mitchel Brown may refer to:
* Mitch Brown (rugby league) (born 1987), Australian rugby league player
* Mitch Brown (snowboarder) (born 1987), New Zealand Olympic snowboarder
* Mitchell Brown (rugby union) (born 1993), New Zealand rugby union player
* Mitch Brown (footballer, born 1988), Australian rules footballer with the West Coast Eagles
* Mitch Brown (footballer, born 1990), Australian rules footballer player with Melbourne
* Mitchel Brown (born 1981), Honduran footballer
# Mireille Martin-Deschamps

Mireille Martin-Deschamps is a French mathematician who studies the algebraic geometry of space curves. She was president of the Société mathématique de France.

## Education and career

Martin-Deschamps studied at the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles from 1965 to 1969, and completed a doctorate in 1976 at Paris-Sud University, supervised by Pierre Samuel. She was a researcher for the French National Centre for Scientific Research from 1969 until 2003, when she became a professor at Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University. She retired in 2010, and the university held a colloquium in honor of her retirement.
She was president of the Société mathématique de France from 1998 to 2001. As well, she served on the executive committee of the European Mathematical Society beginning in 2006.

## Research

Martin-Deschamps's doctoral work was in algebraic geometry in the style of Alexander Grothendieck. Her later work involved Hilbert schemes of space curves in projective space.
# Gamasellus caucasicus

Gamasellus caucasicus is a species of mite in the family Ologamasidae.
# Gamasellus

Gamasellus is a genus of mites in the family Ologamasidae. There are more than 60 described species in Gamasellus.

## Species

These 69 species belong to the genus Gamasellus:
* Gamasellus acutus Karg, 1997
* Gamasellus alexandrovae Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus alpinus Schweizer, 1949
* Gamasellus bellavistae Emberson, 1967
* Gamasellus borealis (Koch, 1879)
* Gamasellus caucasicus Bregetova & Troitsky, 1981
* Gamasellus changbaiensis Bei & Yin, 1995
* Gamasellus concinus (Womersley, 1942)
* Gamasellus cooperi (Womersley, 1961)
* Gamasellus cophinus Lee, 1973
* Gamasellus davydovae Vinnik, 1993
* Gamasellus deepdalensis (Ryke, 1962)
* Gamasellus discutatus (Lee, 1966)
* Gamasellus dunhuaensis Ma, 2003
* Gamasellus exiquns Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus ezoensis Ishikawa, 1983
* Gamasellus falciger (Canestrini & Canestrini, 1881)
* Gamasellus falculatus Athias-Henriot, 1961
* Gamasellus grishinae Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus grossi Lee, 1973
* Gamasellus heteropilus (Karg, 1977)
* Gamasellus humosus Ishikawa, 1969
* Gamasellus kurilensis Bregetova & Troitsky, 1981
* Gamasellus lanceolatus Liang & Ishikawa, 1989
* Gamasellus lativentralis Ishikawa, 1983
* Gamasellus leggetti (Ryke, 1962)
* Gamasellus litoprothrix (Lee, 1966)
* Gamasellus morogoroensis Hurlbutt, 1979
* Gamasellus muscosus Hurlbutt, 1979
* Gamasellus nivalis Schweizer, 1949
* Gamasellus orientalis Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus peninsularis Ishikawa, 1976
* Gamasellus plumatilis Karg, 1993
* Gamasellus plumosus Ishikawa, 1983
* Gamasellus puberulus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus pulcherimus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus pyriformis Berlese, 1916
* Gamasellus quartornatus Karg, 1997
* Gamasellus quintornatus Karg, 1996
* Gamasellus radicolus (Karg, 1977)
* Gamasellus robustipes Berlese, 1908
* Gamasellus sexornatus Karg, 1997
* Gamasellus shcherbakae Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus shongweniensis (Ryke, 1962)
* Gamasellus silvaticus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus silvestris Halašková, 1958
* Gamasellus simpliciseta Liang & Ishikawa, 1989
* Gamasellus southcotti (Lee, 1966)
* Gamasellus spiricornis (Canestrini & Canestrini, 1882)
* Gamasellus sternopunctatus Vinnik, 1993
* Gamasellus taeniatus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus tasmanicus (Womersley, 1956)
* Gamasellus tengkuofani (Bai, Yan & Wei, 2010)
* Gamasellus tianmuensis Liang & Ishikawa, 1989
* Gamasellus tindalei (Lee, 1966)
* Gamasellus tragardhi (Womersley, 1942)
* Gamasellus tschucotensis Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus tundriensis Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus tuvinycus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus uluguruensis Hurlbutt, 1979
* Gamasellus venustus Ishikawa, 1983
* Gamasellus vibrissatus Emberson, 1967
* Gamasellus villosus Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus virgosus (Lee, 1966)
* Gamasellus virguncula (Lee, 1973)
* Gamasellus volkovi Davydova, 1982
* Gamasellus xini Liang & Ishikawa, 1989
* Gamasellus yastrebtsovi Vinnik, 1993
* Gamasellus yosiianus Ishikawa, 1999
# Orbexilum pedunculatum

Orbexilum pedunculatum, commonly known as Sampson's snakeroot, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family. It is native primarily to the Southeastern United States where it is found in prairies and savannas, often in acidic soil. It is a perennial that produces racemes of flowers in early summer.
Two varieties have been named, which are sometimes considered distinct species. They are:
* Orbexilum pedunculatum var. pedunculatum – Native to a widespread area west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
* Orbexilum pedunculatum var. psoralioides – Native primarily to the Atlantic coastal plain.

## Description

Orbexilum pedunculatum is a herbaceous perennial plant with a long taproot that grows to a height of 12 to 30 in (30 to 76 cm). The slender stem branches occasionally and is either hairless or slightly downy and bears alternate, trifoliate leaves. The petiole of each leaf is up to 2 in (5 cm) long and has a pair of small lanceolate stipules at its base. The leaflets are up to 3 in (8 cm) long and 0.75 in (2 cm) wide, ellipsoid or oblong, with entire margins and acute tips. The lateral leaflets have no stalks while the terminal leaflet has a short stalk. The leaves are a medium green and hairless on the upper surface. The inflorescences grow in dense racemes in the axils of some of the leaves. They are supported above the foliage on long, bare peduncles and are up to 4 in (10 cm) long. Each individual flower is 0.25 in (1 cm) long and has the five petals arranged as is typical in the pea family. The flowers are blue-violet in bud but pale violet to white when open. They are followed by nearly circular, flat seedpods with crinkled edges, each containing a single seed.

## Distribution

Orbexilum pedunculatum is native to the southern and southeastern parts of the United States. It is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. It typically grows on prairies and savannas, and on well-drained, sandy soils in woodland.

## Uses

This plant has traditional uses in Cherokee Native American herbal medicine; the roots are used to make a topically applied salve to help knit broken bones and as treatment for wounds, ulcers and boils; other parts of the plant are used as a tonic, to relieve indigestion, to induce sweating and to stimulate blood flow during menstruation. Not to be confused with other "snakeroot" plants such as Aristolochia serpentaria (contains toxic aristolochic acids; also known as Virginia snakeroot), Ageratina altissima (contains toxic tremetol, also known as white snakeroot), Actaea racemosa (also known as black snakeroot and black cohosh) or Sanicula canadensis (Canadian blacksnakeroot).
# Ganges Bank

Ganges Bank is a wholly submerged atoll structure in the Southwest of the Chagos Archipelago. It is about 7 by 5 km in size, yielding an area of about 30 km$^2$. The closest land is the Egmont Atoll located 87 km (54 mi) to the NNE.
# Gasteracantha gambeyi

Gasteracantha gambeyi is a species of spiny orb-weaver spider in the genus Gasteracantha. It was described from New Caledonia.

## Description

Gasteracantha gambeyi is known from a single 19th century description of a female specimen. French naturalist Eugène Simon described a specimen with an abdomen measuring 15.5 millimeters wide by 8.5 millimeters long, with three pairs of short (2 millimeters), black, and widely spaced spines around the abdomen. These spines were covered with small tubercles. Simon described the upper surface of the abdomen as a bright, clear red-brown color with black sigilla and transverse black bands, the anterior band broken in the middle.
In 1914, Friedrich Dahl synonymized G. gambeyi with Gasteracantha rubrospinis, musing, however, that G. gambeyi might be a species between G. rubrospinis and Gasteracantha fasciata. The World Spider Catalog does not follow Dahl in this case and retains G. gambeyi as a distinct species in the catalog.
# Gar (name)

Gar may be a clan name, given name and/or nickname.

## Tibetan clan name

The Gar, mGar or sGar clan has included the following people:
* Gar Tongtsen Yülsung (590–667), Tibetan Empire general and Great Minister
* Gar Tsenye Dompu (died 685), Tibetan Empire general, eldest son of Gar Tongtsen Yülsung
* Gar Trinring Tsendro (died 699), Tibetan Empire general, son of Gar Tongtsen Yülsung
* Gar Mangsham Sumnang, 7th century Tibetan Empire general and Great Minister

## Given name or nickname

* Gar Demo (born 1969, American Episcopal Priest and Dean
* Gar Alperovitz (born 1936), American political economist and historian
* Gar Baxter (born c. 1929), Canadian former football player
* Gar Forman, American National Basketball Association team executive
* Gar Anthony Haywood (born 1954), American author of crime fiction
* Gar Heard (born Garfield Heard, 1948), American retired National Basketball Association player and coach
* Garton Hone (1901–1991), Australian tennis and cricket player
* Gar Joseph, American journalist
* Gar Knutson, also known as Thomas Garfield (born 1956), Canadian politician and lawyer
* Edgar Martínez, American former baseball player
* Edgar Moon (1904–1976), Australian tennis player
* Gar Samuelson (1958–1999), former drummer for metal band Megadeth
* Gar Saxon, a fictional Star Wars character in the animated series Star Wars Rebels and Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)
* Gar Waddy (1879–1963), Australian cricketer
* Garfield Wood (1880–1971), American inventor, entrepreneur, motorboat builder, racer and world speed record holder
# Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele

Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele may refer to:
* Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele (died 1888), Belgian diplomat
* Gaston Errembault de Dudzeele (died 1929), Belgian diplomat
# Derodontus esotericus

Derodontus esotericus is a species of tooth-necked fungus beetle in the family Derodontidae. It is found in North America.
# Ophiarachnella

Ophiarachnella is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Ophiodermatidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southern Hemisphere.
Species:
* Ophiarachnella africana Koehler, 1914
* Ophiarachnella capensis (Bell, 1888)
* Ophiarachnella differens Murakami, 1944
* Ophiarachnella elegans (Bell, 1894)
* Ophiarachnella gorgonia (Müller & Troschel, 1842)
* Ophiarachnella honorata (Koehler, 1904)
* Ophiarachnella infernalis (Müller & Troschel, 1842)
* Ophiarachnella macracantha H.L.Clark, 1909
* Ophiarachnella megalaspis H.L.Clark, 1911
* Ophiarachnella parvispina H.L.Clark, 1925
* Ophiarachnella paucigranula H.L.Clark, 1938
* Ophiarachnella paucispina (Koehler, 1905)
* Ophiarachnella petersi (Lyman, 1878)
* Ophiarachnella planispina Liao, 2004
* Ophiarachnella ramsayi (Bell, 1888)
* Ophiarachnella semicincta (Studer, 1882)
* Ophiarachnella septemspinosa (Müller & Troschel, 1842)
* Ophiarachnella similis (Koehler, 1905)
* Ophiarachnella snelliusi (A.H.Clark, 1964)
* Ophiarachnella sphenisci (Bell, 1894)
* Ophiarachnella stabilis (Koehler, 1905)
* Ophiarachnella stearnsii (Ives, 1891)
# Ophias

Ophias is a monotypic snout moth genus. Its only species, Ophias albiundalis, was described by Émile Louis Ragonot in February 1891. It is found in Pernambuco, Brazil.
# Gastromyzon aequabilis

Gastromyzon aequabilis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Gastromyzon. It is endemic to the Kuamut drainage of the Kinabatangan River in Malaysia.

## Footnotes

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Gastromyzon aequabilis". FishBase.
* This Cypriniformes-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Ophiodermella inermis

Ophiodermella inermis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 40 mm, its width 7 mm.
The shell is pinkish ash-colored under a light olivaceous epidermis. The lines of growth are sometimes rib-like, oblique and angulated at the periphery and lighter-colored, so that the interspaces appear like angulated lines of chestnut or reddish narrow stripes. The whole surface is covered by close revolving incised lines.
The small shell is slender and very acute. Its color is of a livid purple. The shell is covered with an olivaceous periostracum, with about eleven whorls. The protoconch is more or less eroded, but apparently smooth, acute, and including about two and a half whorls. The subsequent whorls are rather flat, compressed and appressed at and in front of the suture, with a rounded base and inconspicuous anal fasciole. The sculpture consists chiefly of flattish spiral threads, one at the suture, three smaller ones in front of it, followed by a flat broader one representing the fasciole, then (on the body whorl eight) more prominent threads, undulate or segmented by incremental lines and with wider interspaces (sometimes containing an intercalary smaller thread) to the base, followed by six or seven unsegmented threads to the siphonal fasciole, which bears six or seven smaller threads. The succession of undulations or slightly swollen segments gives a slightly cancellate effect to the part of the whorl which bears them, but there are no axial ribs, the effect being produced rather by depressions between the rather coarse incremental lines. The aperture is narrow and acute behind. The anal sulcus is narrow and distinct but not very deep. The outer lip in front of it is arcuately produced. The siphonal canal is contracted, short, and recurved. Theis inner lip polished and superficially erased. The columellla is twisted, with a thin layer of callus. An operculum is present.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Alaska to California.
# Garysburg United Methodist Church and Cemetery

Garysburg United Methodist Church and Cemetery, also known as Chapel Grove Church, is a historic Methodist church and cemetery located on SR 1207 in Garysburg, Northampton County, North Carolina. It was built about 1853, and is a one-story, three-bay, temple-form Greek Revival style frame church. It features a projecting vestibule and a tall, graceful bell tower added in 1905. Adjacent to the church is the cemetery.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
# Gargela fuscusa

Gargela fuscusa is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Shi-Mei Song, Fu-Qiang Chen and Chun-Sheng Wu in 2009. It is found in Xizang, China.
# Order-4 24-cell honeycomb honeycomb

Order-4 24-cell honeycomb honeycomb :
| (No image) ||
| Type | Hyperbolic regular honeycomb |
| Schläfli symbol | {3,4,3,3,4} |
| Coxeter diagram | ↔ |
| 5-faces | {3,4,3,3} |
| 4-faces | {3,4,3} |
| Cells | {3,4} |
| Faces | {3} |
| Cell figure | {4} |
| Face figure | {3,4} |
| Edge figure | {3,3,4} |
| Vertex figure | {4,3,3,4} |
| Dual | Tesseractic honeycomb honeycomb |
| Coxeter group | R$_5$, [3,4,3,3,4] |
| Properties | Regular |
In the geometry of hyperbolic 5-space, the order-4 24-cell honeycomb honeycomb is one of five paracompact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). It is called paracompact because it has infinite vertex figures, with all vertices as ideal points at infinity. With Schläfli symbol {3,4,3,3,4}, it has four 24-cell honeycombs around each cell. It is dual to the tesseractic honeycomb honeycomb.

## Related honeycombs

It is related to the regular Euclidean 4-space 24-cell honeycomb, {3,4,3,3}, as well as the hyperbolic 5-space order-3 24-cell honeycomb honeycomb, {3,4,3,3,3}.
# Volker Kluge

Volker Kluge (born 14 October 1944) is a German sports journalist and former sports official in East Germany.

## Career

Kluge was born in Altenburg. From 1967 to 1971 he studied journalism in Leipzig. He became member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany in 1970. From 1971 to 1990 he was sports journalist and eventually editor for the newspaper Junge Welt. He was member of the National Olympic Committee of East Germany from 1982 to 1990. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal of the National People's Army in 1989.
From 1980 to 1989 Kluge was also an informal collaborator (informant) in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), delivering information to the Ministry for State Security (MfS / Stasi), with the cover name "Frank".
His books include Olympische Spiele 1896 – 1980 (1981), Meilenweit bis Marathon (1987), Katarina – eine Traumkarriere auf dem Eis (1988), Olympiastadion Berlin. Steine beginnen zu reden (1999), Otto der Seltsame. Die Einsamkeit eines Mittelstreckenläufers (2000), and Max Schmeling. Eine Biographie in 15 Runden (2004).

## Criticism

Kluge has been accused of falsifying information in his many biographies in the encyclopedia Wer war wer in der DDR? [de] and in his 2004 book Das große Lexikon der DDR-Sportler, by omitting or toning down negative information, such as doping issues or Stasi collaboration.
# Mitrella minor

Mitrella minor is a species of sea snail in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails.