OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ghosts (comics)

Ghosts is a horror comics anthology series published by DC Comics for 112 issues from September–October 1971 to May 1982. Its tagline was "True Tales of the Weird and Supernatural" (December 1978), changed to "New Tales of the Weird and Supernatural", as of #75 (April 1979), and dropped after #104 (September 1981).

## Publication history

The comic was created by Leo Dorfman, who wrote all of the stories in the first issue. To avoid having it seem that a single writer was monopolizing the comic, editor Murray Boltinoff had Dorfman use the pseudonyms "Geoff Brown" (Dorfman's son was named "Geoff" and his wife's maiden name was "Brown") and "David George".
Ghosts was one of several horror-mystery-suspense DC Comics series launched in 1971, along with The Dark Mansion of Forbidden Love and The Sinister House of Secret Love. According to DC Comics writer and executive Paul Levitz, though Ghosts "wasn't a fan favorite (then or in retrospect), it was a disproportionately good seller". Nick Cardy was the cover artist for Ghosts for issues #1–6, 8–15, and 17–36.
Each issue of Ghosts carried multiple stories of the supernatural. The stories were prefaced by a short description introducing the premise and ended with a summation of how a mysterious justice was dealt to the evildoers of the tale. The first issue of this series carried the singular title Ghost in its indicia, but everywhere else, including advance promotional house ads and even on its own cover, it was the plural Ghosts, as even the indicia would read from #2 on. Limited Collectors' Edition #C–32 (Dec. 1974–Jan. 1975) reprinted stories from Ghosts #1, 3–6 and featured new material by Leo Dorfman and artists Gerry Talaoc, E. R. Cruz, and Frank Redondo.
Starting with issue #37 (April 1975), a new regular feature was added. At the front of each book a page of single panel depictions of alleged ghost sightings were listed in the fashion of Robert L. Ripley's Believe it or Not! features. These one-page introductory spreads were usually titled "Ghosts and the Supernatural". A Ghosts Special was published in December 1977 as part of the DC Special Series umbrella title. Ghosts #95 (Dec. 1980), introduced the series' first continuing-character feature, "Dr. 13 - The Ghost-Breaker". The character encounted the Spectre in a three-issue storyline. The "Dr. Thirteen" feature last appeared in #102 (July 1981).
For the most part, Ghosts was not "hosted" by a recurring character used in a framing sequence. In issue #104 (September-October 1981), however, Squire Shade was introduced as the title's host. He lasted in that position until the book was cancelled with issue #112 (May 1982).

### 2012 one-shot

A Ghosts one-shot was published in October 2012 under the Vertigo imprint and featured a story by Geoff Johns and Jeff Lemire.

## Collected editions

* Showcase Presents: Ghosts collects Ghosts #1-18, 512 pages, February 2012, ISBN 1-4012-3317-1
* The Steve Ditko Omnibus Volume 1 includes Ghosts #77: "Ghost, Where Do You Hide?" by Jack C. Harris and Steve Ditko and Ghosts #111: "Shrieeeeeek!" by Sheldon Mayer and Ditko, 480 pages, September 2011, ISBN 1-4012-3111-X
# Friedrich Haug

Friedrich Haug (Johann Christoph Friedrich Haug, born 9 March 1761 in Niederstotzingen, died 30 January 1829 in Stuttgart) was a German official and poet.

## Biography

Haug is renowned particularly through his large number of epigrams, which he initially published under the name "Hophthalmos" (Sinngedichte, Frankfurt 1791; Epigrrams and Mixed Poems, Berlin 1805). From 1811 to 1817 he was the editor in charge of Cotta's Morgenblatt. With Friedrich Christoph Weisser, he published an epigramatic anthology (Stuttgart 1807–1809, 10 vols.). He also published fables, ballads, and stories.
Friedrich Haug was the son of Balthasar Haug, a teacher at the Karlsschule. In 1775, Haug attended this institute to study law. In 1784 he became secretary in the Ducal Secret Cabinet and court councillor and librarian in Stuttgart in 1817. Haug died on 30 January 1829.
# Dwight Wayne Batteau

Dwight Wayne Batteau, D.Sc. (September 25, 1916 - October 26, 1967) was an acoustic engineer. His research established that the shape of humans' outer ears (Auricle) provides directional hearing. He also developed a "Man to Dolphin Translator" which allowed 2-way communication by converting in both directions between vowel sounds and whistles. He was a professor at Harvard University, then at Tufts University and was an officer of acoustic research companies, United Research Inc. and Listening Post, Inc.

## Outer ear's role in directional ability

In 1961 Batteau found that humans' external ears do not just magnify sound, and that ability to locate the direction a sound comes from is not just derived from the difference in arrival times between left and right eardrums. External ears channel sound in four pathways of different lengths and resonance, so each sound reaches the eardrum four times, and the slight differences in sound give far more directional ability than the difference in arrival times between the ears. These paths explain why people who hear in only one ear have directional ability. His Royal Society publication has been cited 684 times through 2023.

## Dolphin translator

The Man to Dolphin Translator was developed with Peter Markey and Stephen Moshier under contracts for the US Navy in Point Mugu California and Hawaii. It translated seven vowel sounds spoken by humans to pure sine wave whistles from 7,000 Hz to 15,000 Hz. Thus the humans did not need to learn a whistled language, and the dolphins did not need to make human sounds. The equipment was analog, with filters which were able to distinguish vowel sounds and play the appropriate whistle frequencies. Other filters processed the dolphins' whistles, and when the dolphins whistled at the seven defined frequencies the equipment played the corresponding vowel sounds in speakers as well as displaying both sides of the communication on oscilloscopes. Batteau's team trained the dolphins to take certain actions when they heard particular sequences. He noted the work could be extended into a two-way pidgin language, but died before doing so: "a basis for the development of a language between man and dolphin has been established. The continuing work will be directed towards ... inclusion of the trainer as a responding element in the communicating system."

## Personal life

Batteau was born in West Rockford, Illinois to Henry Westbrook Batteau and the former Alice Hurst. He enlisted in the Army as a warrant officer in 1942. He married Blanca Delia Matos in 1945 in Orange County, Florida, and they had six children, including the songwriters David Batteau, Robin Batteau and Dwight Jr. He graduated from Harvard in 1948, and was assistant professor of engineering at Harvard in 1954 and 1956. In 1961, when he was vice-president and a director of United Research Inc., he was elected to life membership in the New York Academy of Science. In 1965 he was professor of mechanical engineering at Tufts University. He died of a heart attack while swimming in Honolulu.
# Dreetz

Dreetz is a municipality in the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

From 1815 to 1945, Dreetz was part of the Prussian Province of Brandenburg. From 1952 to 1990, it was part of the Bezirk Potsdam of East Germany.

## Demography

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1875 | 2,447 | — |
| 1890 | 2,276 | −0.48% |
| 1910 | 1,951 | −0.77% |
| 1925 | 1,871 | −0.28% |
| 1933 | 1,879 | +0.05% |
| 1939 | 2,034 | +1.33% |
| 1946 | 2,566 | +3.37% |
| 1950 | 2,630 | +0.62% |
| 1964 | 2,036 | −1.81% |
| 1971 | 1,883 | −1.11% |
| 1981 | 1,530 | −2.05% |
| 1985 | 1,504 | −0.43% |
| 1989 | 1,447 | −0.96% |
| 1990 | 1,396 | −3.52% |
| 1991 | 1,353 | −3.08% |
| 1992 | 1,328 | −1.85% |
| 1993 | 1,310 | −1.36% |
| 1994 | 1,310 | +0.00% |
| 1995 | 1,297 | −0.99% |
| 1996 | 1,286 | −0.85% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1997 | 1,284 | −0.16% |
| 1998 | 1,292 | +0.62% |
| 1999 | 1,284 | −0.62% |
| 2000 | 1,278 | −0.47% |
| 2001 | 1,263 | −1.17% |
| 2002 | 1,256 | −0.55% |
| 2003 | 1,254 | −0.16% |
| 2004 | 1,261 | +0.56% |
| 2005 | 1,261 | +0.00% |
| 2006 | 1,240 | −1.67% |
| 2007 | 1,226 | −1.13% |
| 2008 | 1,225 | −0.08% |
| 2009 | 1,230 | +0.41% |
| 2010 | 1,206 | −1.95% |
| 2011 | 1,147 | −4.89% |
| 2012 | 1,157 | +0.87% |
| 2013 | 1,162 | +0.43% |
| 2014 | 1,153 | −0.77% |
| 2015 | 1,157 | +0.35% |
| 2016 | 1,147 | −0.86% |
# Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan

Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan may refer to:
* Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan (1689–1745)
* Elizabeth Brudenell, Countess of Cardigan (1758–1823)
# King Solomon of Broadway

King Solomon of Broadway is a 1935 American musical film directed by Alan Crosland and starring Edmund Lowe, Dorothy Page and Pinky Tomlin. A shady figure wins a nightclub during a card game.

## Cast

* Edmund Lowe as King Solomon
* Dorothy Page as Sheba
* Pinky Tomlin as Pinky
* Louise Henry as Nikki Bradbury
* Edward Pawley as 'Ice' Larson
* Charley Grapewin as Uncle Winchester
* Bradley Page as Roth
* Arthur Vinton as Murray
* Clyde Dilson as Schultz
* William Bailey as Detective
* Frank Du Frane as Detective
* Knute Erickson as Dooman
* Huntley Gordon as Doctor
* Arthur Stuart Hull as Judge
* Charles Judels as Hot dog man
* Isabel La Mal as Maid
* Sam McDaniel as Attendant
* Charles R. Moore as Waiter
* Fred Santley as Announcer
* Fred 'Snowflake' Toones as Waiter
* Guy Usher as Detective
* Marie Werner as Wash woman
* Eric Wilton as Butler
# Myrmex horni

Myrmex horni is a species of antlike weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Ghost to a Ghost/Gutter Town

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Slant Magazine | |
| Allmusic | |
Ghost to a Ghost/Gutter Town is the sixth studio album by American musician Hank Williams III. The double album was released on September 6, 2011. All songs were recorded in Hank III's home studio The Haunted Ranch. The album features guest appearances by Tom Waits, Ray Lawrence Jr., Eddie Pleasant (Hank III's merchandise and scheduling guy), Alan King (Hellstomper), Les Claypool (Primus), Dave Sherman (Wretched, Earthride), Troy Medlin (Sourvein), and Williams' dog Trooper. Ghost to a Ghost/Gutter Town consisted of two of the four albums Hank Williams III simultaneously released on September 6, 2011, on Hank 3 Records (hank3.com), with distribution through Megaforce Records. It is also Hank III's first album to be released by Megaforce, after leaving Curb Records in 2010.

## Personnel

* Hank Williams III – drums, acoustic guitar, vocals, keys, banjo
* Andy Gibson – steel guitar, banjo
* David McElfresh – fiddle, mandolin
* Zach Shedd – double bass
* Daniel Mason – banjo
* Johnny Hiland – guitar
* Billy Contreras – fiddle
* Rory Hoffman – accordion

## Chart performance

| Chart (2011) | Peak position |
| U.S. Billboard 200 | 49 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums | 14 |
| U.S. Billboard Top Independent Albums | 7 |
# Olosada

Olosada was a town of ancient Cilicia, inhabited in Roman times. The name does not occur among ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.
Its site is located near Afşar Kalesi, Asiatic Turkey, where an ancient theatre has been found.
# Dwight Whylie

Dwight Emerson Gregory Whylie (June 7, 1936 in Kingston, Jamaica - September 15, 2002 in Barbados) was a broadcaster and radio announcer.

## Career

In 1961, Whylie was the first black radio announcer hired by the British Broadcasting Corporation. In 1973, he became the general manager of Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation, where he remained until 1976.
In 1977, he joined the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, where he remained until 1997.

## Family

He was the brother of noted Jamaican musician Marjorie Whylie.
# Amalia of Neuenahr

Amalia of Neuenahr (6 April 1539 – 10 April 1602) was the daughter of Gumprecht of Neuenahr and Cordula of Holstein Schauenburg.
Her first husband was Hendrik van Brederode, who played an important part in the events leading up to the Eighty Years' War. After he became one of the leaders in the resistance against the Spanish Inquisition and Spanish rule in the Netherlands, she helped him collect funds. After his death in 1568, she married Frederick III, Elector Palatine of the Rhine in 1569. It was in the same year that Emilia, the second daughter of William the Silent and his second wife Anna of Saxony was named after her. This is because she was in charge of Anna's household at the time. Frederick died in 1576.
From 1579 until 1587 she was in charge of Vianen, which she inherited from her first husband. In 1589 she inherited Limburg from Adolf, her half-brother. In 1590 she was given the rights of use of Alpen, Helpenstein, Lennep and Erbvogtei of Köln by her half-sister, Magdalena. Alpen was occupied by the Dutch Republic in 1597 and the following year by Spanish forces.
# Myrmex egregius

Myrmex egregius is a species of antlike weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Electoral results for the district of Wynyard

Wynyard, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales was created in 1904 and abolished in 1913.
| Election | Member | Party |
| 1904 | Robert Donaldson | Progressive |
| 1907 | Robert Donaldson | Independent Liberal |
| 1910 | Robert Donaldson | Independent Liberal |

## Election results
### 1910

1910 New South Wales state election: Wynyard :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Independent Liberal | Robert Donaldson | 2,722 | 51.0 | -6.8 |
| | Labour | Walter Boston | 2,612 | 49.0 | 6.8 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 5,334 | 98.4 | +0.4 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 87 | 1.6 | −0.4 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,421 | 78.6 | +0.7 |
| | Member changed to Independent Liberal from Progressive (defunct) | Member changed to Independent Liberal from Progressive (defunct) | | | |

### 1907

1907 New South Wales state election: Wynyard :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Former Progressive | Robert Donaldson | 2,881 | 57.8 |
| | Labour | Patrick Sullivan | 2,100 | 42.2 |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 4,981 | 98.0 |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 101 | 2.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 5,082 | 77.9 |
| | Former Progressive hold | Former Progressive hold | | |

### 1904

1904 New South Wales state election: Wynyard :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Progressive | Robert Donaldson | 1,877 | 50.7 | |
| | Labour | William Johnson | 1,265 | 34.2 | |
| | Liberal Reform | Robert Joyce | 561 | 15.2 | |
| Total formal votes | Total formal votes | Total formal votes | 3,703 | 98.5 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 56 | 1.5 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,759 | 58.9 | |
| | Progressive win | Progressive win | (new seat) | (new seat) | (new seat) |
# Palau Marathon

Palau Marathon is an annual marathon race in the Pacific island state of Palau, which has been organized by the Palau Track and Field Association since 2004. The route varies, in 2017 the marathon started in Ngardmau and led over the Koror-Babeldaob Bridge at 20 miles to the finish on the beach of the Palau Pacific Resort on Ngerekebesang Island.

## Statistics

| Number | Date | Men | Time (h) | Women | Time (h) | Finisher |
| 5. | April 5, 2008 | Minoru Suzuki | 3:26:10 | Olai Polloi | 6:31:40 | 3 + 1 |
| 6. | April 11, 2009 | Toshikazu Misawa | 4:14:42 | Noemi Neipert | 4:14:42 | 2 + 3 |
| 7. | April 3, 2010 | Joynal Mize | 4:11:48 | Joyleen Chilton | 7:55:49 | 5 + 1 |
| 8. | April 2, 2011 | Brook Kintz | 3:36:07 | — | | 8 + 0 |
| 9. | April 7, 2012 | unknown | | unknown | | 5 + 1 |
| 10. | May 18, 2013 | Joynal Mize | 3:42:25 | Haley Cash | 4:44:06 | |
| 11. | April 5, 2014 | unknown | | unknown | | |
| 12. | April 4, 2015 | Nathan Cogswell | 3:26:22 | Angela Sy | 4:11:20 | 10 + 50 |
| 13. | September 3, 2016 | Denefher Flores | 4:09:03 | Miho Nagaya | 6:08:38 | 10 + 10 |
| 14. | April 8, 2017 | Joynal Mize | 4:26:05 | Yen Nguyen | 6:45:32 | 7 + 1 |
| 15. | April 7, 2018 | Aaron Salvador | 4:44:13 | Imee Delos Santos | 5:30:14 | 9 + 5 |
| 16. | April 6, 2019 | Denefher Flores | 4:44:13 | Mayumi Sone | 4:34:26 | 13 |
# Way Out West (Sonny Rollins album)

Way Out West is a 1957 album by Sonny Rollins with bassist Ray Brown and drummer Shelly Manne, neither of whom had previously played or recorded with Rollins. The music employs a technique called "strolling", used here by Rollins for the first time, in which he would solo over only bass and drums with no pianist or guitarist playing chords. The reissue of the CD has additional takes of three of the songs, including the title track. These additional takes are all about twice as long, containing much longer solos from all three members of the band.
According to the liner notes by producer Lester Koenig, recording began at 3:00 a.m. to fit the musicians' busy schedules, but "[a]t 7 a.m., after four hours of intense concentration, during which they recorded half the album, and should have been exhausted, Sonny said, 'I'm hot now.' Shelly who had been up for 24 hours, said, 'Man, I feel like playing.' And Ray, who was equally tired and had a studio call for the afternoon, just smiled."
The cover photo was taken by celebrated jazz photographer William Claxton. Rollins stands amid a stretch of desert vegetation, dressed in a Stetson hat, gun belt, and empty holster, and holds his saxophone at waist level as if it were a pistol. The photo concept was Rollins' own idea to celebrate his first trip West.

## Reception

Contemporary professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| DownBeat | |
Retrospective professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Tom Hull | A |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
In his AllMusic review, Scott Yanow wrote: "The timeless Way out West established Sonny Rollins as jazz's top tenor saxophonist (at least until John Coltrane surpassed him the following year). Joined by bassist Ray Brown and drummer Shelly Manne, Rollins is heard at one of his peaks."

## Track listing

* "I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)" (Johnny Mercer) – 5:42
* "Solitude" (Duke Ellington) – 7:52
* "Come, Gone" (Sonny Rollins) – 7:53
* "Wagon Wheels" (Peter DeRose) – 10:11
* "There Is No Greater Love" (Isham Jones) – 5:17
* "Way Out West" (Rollins) – 6:30

### CD reissue

    When the album was reissued on CD in 1988 (and in subsequent years), some alternate takes were included.
* "I'm an Old Cowhand" (Mercer) – 5:40
* "I'm an Old Cowhand" [Alternate Take] – 10:06
* "Solitude" (Ellington) – 7:49
* "Come, Gone" (Rollins) – 7:50
* "Come, Gone" [Alternate Take] – 10:27
* "Wagon Wheels" (DeRose) – 10:09
* "There Is No Greater Love" (Jones) – 5:14
* "Way Out West" (Rollins) – 6:28
* "Way Out West" [Alternate Take] – 6:36
The 20-bit CD issue groups the alternate takes at the end.

## Personnel

* Sonny Rollins - tenor saxophone
* Ray Brown - bass
* Shelly Manne - drums
# Vikur Lutheran Church at Mountain

The Vikur Lutheran Church at Mountain is an historic Lutheran church building in Mountain, Pembina County, North Dakota. Built in 1885, it is the oldest Icelandic Lutheran church in the United States. The Gothic Revival wood-frame building was built in land donated in 1881 by the pastor Páll Thorláksson, who was influential in establishing the Icelandic American community in the area, and who died in 1882, before its construction. Most of the wood used to build Vikur Lutheran Church at Mountain came from the land owned by Friðbjörn Björnsson, who emigrated from Iceland in 1873, leaving from the farm Baldursheimur in Möðruvallaklaustur Parish, Eyjafjarðarsysla, and homesteaded east of Mountain on Cart Creek in 1881.
The church and associated cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.
# Dwight Whitefield Pardee

Dwight Whitefield Pardee (1822 – October 6, 1893) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1873 to 1890. Pardee served as a judge for over 26 years, between his time on the Superior Court and the Supreme Court.

## Early life

Born in Bristol, Connecticut, Pardee was the son of Jared W. Pardee, a prominent physician. Pardee entered Trinity College at Hartford at the age of fourteen, graduating in 1840. After graduation he pursued a course of legal study, in part reading law under Isaac Toucey, later United States Attorney General, and in part at Yale Law School. After his admission to the bar, Pardee settled in Hartford, Connecticut, practicing for a time in partnership with Toucey. He was described as "a very modest man and of a retiring disposition", who "rarely appeared upon a public platform or took an active part in public meetings".

## Judicial service

In 1863, Pardee was elected a judge of the Superior Court, and in 1873 of the Supreme Court. In the latter court he served two terms of eight years each, retiring at the end of his second term in the sixty-eighth year of his age. While at the bar he was elected for two successive years to the state senate from the Hartford District. In 1878 Trinity College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws.

## Personal life

In 1847, Pardee married Henrietta Porter, daughter of Solomon Porter, for many years one of the prominent citizens of Hartford. She died in 1863. Their only child had died a short time before. He never married again. His family consisted for the rest of his life of his two unmarried sisters, with later a sister who was a widow. All three sisters survived him.
He was a devoted member of the Episcopal Church, and devoutly attended services, serving in his later life as senior warden of St. John's Parish in Hartford. He took great interest in Trinity College and was for many years one of its trustees, and made it the ultimate legatee of a large part of his estate.
Pardee died in Hartford.
# Dreetz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Dreetz is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
# William J. Carpenter

William J. Carpenter (April 17, 1827 – February 21, 1921) was an American outdoorsman from West Virginia. He was said to have had "no equal" in skills at hunting and fishing, and to be the best long rifle marksman in his community in his younger years—his skill in hitting difficult targets in squirrel hunting earned him the nickname "Squirrely Bill."
Carpenter was a descendant of Jeremiah Carpenter, the first Euro-American man to settle in the upper Elk River valley, at or near the mouth of Holly River, in the year of 1784. His father was the first Euro-American child born in that section of Webster County, Virginia, created from Greenbrier County, Virginia in 1788.
Carpenter's extended family is known for producing noteworthy raconteurs and musicians.
# Expanded criteria donor

Expanded Criteria Donor (ECD) is normally associated with kidney donors. They are also referred to as donors with "medical complexities". ECD donors are normally aged 60 years or older, or over 50 years with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension history, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl or cause of death from cerebrovascular accident.
Of the 9319 living kidney donations reported in the American Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) / United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from July 2004 to December 2005, 368 (4.0%) donors were over the age of 60 (of which 86 [0.9%] were over the age of 65), 956 (10.3%) had hypertension, 2785 (29.9%) had an eGFR < 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (of which 392 [4.2%] had an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and 1194 (12.8%) had a BMI > 30 kg/m2 (of which 250 [2.7%] had a BMI > 35 kg/m2)
The concept of ECD was raised to address the discrepancy between demand and supply in kidney transplantation.