OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Earl of Chesterfield (1781 EIC ship)

Earl of Chesterfield was launched in 1781 as an East Indiaman. She made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) before she was sold in 1794 for breaking up.

## Career

1st EIC voyage (1781–1786): Captain Bruce Boswell sailed from Plymouth on 26 June 1781, bound for Madras, Bengal, Bombay, and China. Earl of Chesterfield reached St Helena on 18 November, and arrived at Madras on 31 March 1782. She arrived at Kedgeree on 17 September. She was at Madras again on 28 November before returning to Kedgeree on 2 February 1783. She was at Calcutta on 12 July. A dispatch from Fort Saint George (Madras), dated 10 August 1783, stated that Earl of Chesterfield, Kent, and Latham would be obliged to return to Bengal, but did not specify why. A letter from Captain Boswell dated at Bengal in November reported that Earl of Chesterfield had developed a leak four days sail from Bengal and had been obliged to put back. She had been hove down and would resume her voyage.
She was at Culpee (on the Hooghly River on 18 November and Colombo on 13 December, before arriving at Bombay on 16 February 1784. She visited Anjengo on 4 April and returned to Bombay on 5 June. She then sailed for China on 3 August in company with Nassau. Earl of Chesterfield reached Malacca on 15 September and Batavia on 12 December. She sailed from Batavia on 15 June 1785 and arrived at Whampoa Anchorage on 18 July. Homeward bound, she sailed from Whampoa on 1 December, reached St Helena on 17 March 1786, and arrived back at Gravesend on 24 June.
The EIC dismissed Boswell from command for inefficiency but a court-martial reinstated him on 9 October 1788 after all-day balloting.
2nd EIC voyage (1787—1788): Captain John Cranstoun sailed from the Downs on 19 February 1787, bound for St Helena and Bencoolen. Earl of Chesterfield reached St Helena on 11 May and arrived at Bencoolen on 29 August. She was at Pulau Pisang on 7 December. She was at the Cape on 8 February 1788, reached St Helena on 28 February, and arrived back at Blackwall on 1 June.
3rd EIC voyage (1789—1790): Captain Henry Burges sailed from Falmouth on 8 April 1789, bound for Madras, Bencoolen, and Bengal. Earl of Chesterfield reached Madras on 27 July and Bencoolen on 29 September. She arrived at Diamond Harbour on 3 December. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 28 January 1790. She was at Madras on 11 March, reached St Helena on 16 July, and arrived at Long Reach on 14 September.
4th EIC voyage (1793–1794) Captain Burges sailed from Torbay on 14 January 1793, bound for Bombay and China. Earl of Chesterfield reached Bombay on 17 May and arrived at Whampoa on 12 September. Homeward bound, she crossed the Second Bar on 19 November and reached St Helena on 22 April 1794. She was at Galway Bay on 20 July and arrived back at Long Reach on 30 August.

## Fate

Earl of Chesterfield was sold in 1794 for breaking up.
# Pacula

Pacula is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 429 km².
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 4,522.
# Warren Township, Warren County, Indiana

Warren Township is one of twelve townships in Warren County, Indiana, United States. According to the 2020 census, its population was 717 and it contained 322 housing units.

## History

Warren Township was one of the original four created when the county was organized in 1827.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94 km$^2$), of which 35.9 square miles (93 km$^2$) (or 98.63%) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.3 km$^2$) (or 1.40%) is water. Kates Pond is in this township, and the streams of Dry Branch, Kickapoo Creek, Little Pine Creek, Middle Branch and West Fork Kickapoo Creek run through it.
The small town of Independence is on the shores of the Wabash River in the southeastern part of the township. Winthrop is in the northwest portion of the township.
The original county seat of Warrenton was located in the far southwestern corner of what is now Warren Township, though at that time the township had not yet been created; no trace of Warrenton now exists. Other towns in this township that have ceased to exist include Black Rock, and Glen Cliff.

### Cemeteries

The township contains these three cemeteries: Bethel, Independence and James.

### Transportation

U.S. Route 41 passes through the far southwestern tip of the township on its way to Attica. Indiana State Road 55 runs along the western border of the township, connecting Attica with Pine Village to the north in neighboring Adams Township. The township contains Smith Brothers Airport.

## Education

Warren Township is part of the Metropolitan School District of Warren County.

## Government

Warren Township has a trustee who administers rural fire protection and ambulance service, provides relief to the poor, manages cemetery care, and performs farm assessment, among other duties. The trustee is assisted in these duties by a three-member township board. The trustees and board members are elected to four-year terms.
Warren Township is part of Indiana's 8th congressional district, Indiana House of Representatives District 26, and Indiana State Senate District 23.
# Windsong Records

A number of record labels have traded under the name Windsong Records, including:
* Windstar Records – originally known as Windsong Records, Colorado based record label responsible for releasing John Denver recordings.
* Windsong International Records – UK based record label responsible for releasing BBC Radio 1 recordings.
# En bloc

En bloc means "all together". It may refer to:
* En Bloc, a Singaporean television drama
* A type of ammunition loading in firearms
# Warren Township, Wayne County, Iowa

Warren Township is a township in Wayne County, Iowa, USA.

## History

Warren Township is named for General Joseph Warren. It composes an area of 525 square miles (1,360 km$^2$).
# Gertrud Pålson-Wettergren

Gertrud Pålson-Wettergren (17 February 1897 – 26 November 1991) was a Swedish mezzo-soprano.
She was hired at Royal Swedish Opera between 1922 and 1948. On 20 December 1935 she made her debut at the Metropolitan as Amneris in Aida opposite Elisabeth Rethberg, Giovanni Martinelli, John Charles Thomas and Ezio Pinza. Her roles there included Brangäne in Tristan und Isolde, Venus in Tannhäuser, Carmen which she sang in Swedish replacing Rosa Ponselle in a performance, and opened the 1936/37 season with Samson et Dalila. Her last performance there was on 29 January 1938, making a total of 29 performances.
Although she sang at Covent Garden in 1936 and 1939 in Aida and Il trovatore, the war prevented a further international career. She returned to London in 1947, singing in Die Walküre at the BBC under Sir Thomas Beecham.
In 1945 she sang Nyx in the premiere of Rosenberg's opera Lycksalighetens ö in Stockholm.
# Wallmann

Wallmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* H. Johannes Wallmann (born 1952), contemporary composer and integral artist
* Johannes Wallmann (theologian) (1930–2021), German theologian and emeritus professor of church history at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum
* Margarete Wallmann (1901–1992), ballerina, choreographer, stage designer, and opera director
* Walter Wallmann (1932–2013), German politician who has served as Lord Mayor of Frankfurt (1977–1986)
# Winter Quarters State Historic Site

Winter Quarters in Tensas Parish, Louisiana, United States, is a surviving example of an antebellum cotton plantation. It is located south of Newellton on Lake St. Joseph, an ox-bow lake, or former bend in the Mississippi River.

## History

The main plantation house began as a hunting lodge in 1805 built by Job Routh, grandfather of Julia Augusta (Williams) Nutt, but was soon enlarged and became a residence. The plantation was so named because the residents lived elsewhere during most of the year but came south for the winter. Before the Vicksburg Campaign of 1863 during the American Civil War, there were fifteen plantations along Lake St. Joseph. However, Union troops destroyed all of them except Winter Quarters, where the soldiers were housed during the winter of 1863–1864. The plantation belonged to the wife of Haller Nutt, a planter who was pro-Union. As a result, General Ulysses S. Grant ensured the plantation would not be damaged.
Wade A. Netterville, brother of the plantation manager J. H. Netterville of Newellton, managed the store at Winter Quarters in the early years of the 20th century, employed in that capacity by the then plantation owner Dr. J. M. Gillespie. Netterville then ran the store at Panola Plantation prior to becoming the manager for two years of the Wyoming Plantation. He subsequently assumed the management of the 1,000-acre Panda Plantation near the parish seat of government in St. Joseph.
During the 1950s, the James and Bea Doyle family lived at Winter Quarters. Their daughter, Barbara Sue Doyle Hage (1949-2016), was the 1962 March of Dimes poster child and at the time of her death at the age of sixty-six the oldest known survivor of spina bifida. Barbara Hage graduated in 1969 from Newellton High School and worked for a quarter century for the Louisiana State University Extension Service in St. Joseph. She was also a church pianist and vocalist, seamstress, and gardener. She and her husband, David C. Hage, had a daughter and two grandsons.
In 1978, Winter Quarters was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and was previously open for public tours.
The site was critically damaged in a tornado on April 4, 2011. As of February 2022, the site remains closed indefinitely and the State of Louisiana currently has no plans or a set date for reopening the site for public use.
# Walter Linse

Walter Linse (23 August 1903 – 15 December 1953) was a German lawyer and Acting President of the Association of Free German Jurists, an organization with links to the CIA.
During the Nazi reign he was responsible for Aryanization of Jewish property in the district of Chemnitz.
In the early 1950s he was actively involved in uncovering human rights violations in the Soviet occupation zone such as arbitrary arrests, secret trials, and detention in labor camps. On 8 July 1952, he was kidnapped by the East German Ministry for State Security Stasi held in Hohenschönhausen prison, then handed over to the KGB and eventually executed in the Butyrka prison in Moscow.
According to a Life Magazine article dated 28 July 1952, Linse was kidnapped from outside his home on Gerichtsstraße American occupation zone of Berlin where at around 7.30am he was assaulted and bundled into a car. A woman who witnessed the event cried out for help and a lorry (truck) driver gave chase. The kidnappers in the car fired shots at the lorry (truck) with a pistol and dropped caltrops to deter the chase, and the car escaped into the Soviet occupation zone of Berlin with a vehicle barrier being raised to help speed the escape. (It needs to be remembered that the Berlin Wall was not constructed until 1961, so travel between the zones was still relatively unhindered at this time.)
The Life article claimed to quote part of a response to the kidnapping from Neues Deutschland, a communist supported paper, translated in Life as "Linse....got lost. Not a single agent of war-mongering imperialism will be safe, wherever he hangs out – be it West Berlin, Bonn, Paris or even Washington."
A West German police press statement, made on 13 July, identified and named four male kidnappers and 13 other accomplices who were involved in the kidnap. The police stated that all those involved were in the employ of the East German Ministry for State Security, also known as the Stasi.
After Linse's death, the International Commission of Jurists was set up in his memory. It is now a significant human rights non-governmental organization specializing in supporting the rule of law across the world.
# Zach Bauer

Zach Bauer (born May 23, 1985, in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American soccer player who played in 2010 for AC St. Louis in the USSF Division 2 Professional League.

## Career
### College

Bauer grew up in St. Charles, Missouri and attended Christian Brothers College High School where he was a second team All State soccer player as a senior. He played one year of college soccer at Boston University, where he appeared for three games, before transferring to the Southern Illinois University Edwardsville as a sophomore. At Edwardsville he started all 22 games in 2006 picking up Great Lakes Valley Conference first team honors along with Great Lakes All-Region first team honors and NSCAA/adidas NCAA Division II All-Great Lakes Region second team honors.

### Professional

Bauer signed his first professional contract in 2010 when he was signed by AC St. Louis of the USSF Division 2 Professional League. He made his professional debut on April 10, 2010, in St. Louis's first ever game, against Carolina RailHawks
# Zygmunt Kałużyński

Zygmunt Kałużyński (11 December 1918 – 30 September 2004) was a Polish film critic, promoter of cinema, erudite, lawyer, long-time contributor of Polityka magazine and a TV personality. His opinions were often controversial, with some even accusing him of doing harm to the Polish cinema industry. Despite that, he enjoyed a devoted fan base.
# Micaela Long

Micaela Long (born November 16, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey player, most recently for the Connecticut Whale of the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF). Long previously played for the Boston Blades of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL).

## Personal life

Between 2006 and 2010, Long played in the NCAA for the University of New Hampshire.
In addition to her playing career, Long works as a teacher at the American School for the Deaf.
Long married Alex Desjarlais on July 29, 2021, in a private New Hampshire wedding on Lake Winnepesaukee. The couple currently resides in Connecticut.

## Playing career
### CWHL

Long played in the 2010/2011 and 2011/12 CWHL seasons with the Boston Blades.

### Premier Hockey Federation

On 17 July 2015, it was announced that Long would be joining the Connecticut Whale for the PHF's inaugural season. Long appeared in 17 regular season games and two playoff games for the franchise in their 2015–16 season.
In July 2016, Long signed a one-year, $13,500 contract to continue with the Connecticut Whale for the 2016–17 NWHL season. During the first NWHL game of 2016, a hit by Long on New York Riveters captain Ashley Johnston sparked a line brawl between the New York Riveters and Connecticut Whale. Long and Riveters player Elena Orlando were each subsequently suspended for one game by the NWHL's Player Safety Committee.
# Displacement chess

| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
| 8 | | | | | | | | | 8 |
| 7 | | | | | | | | | 7 |
| 6 | | | | | | | | | 6 |
| 5 | | | | | | | | | 5 |
| 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 |
| 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 |
| 2 | | | | | | | | | 2 |
| 1 | | | | | | | | | 1 |
| | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | |
Displacement chess is a family of chess variants in which a few pieces are transposed in the initial standard chess position. The main goal of these variants is to negate players' knowledge of standard chess openings.

## Variations

The following variations were tried in master or grandmaster tournaments:
* In Il Gioco degli scacchi, Pietro Carrera gives sample play at a handicap where the stronger player’s king and rook are transposed. He calls this handicap odds of the castled king based on a contemporary rule of free castling. Moreover, he considers it worth slightly less than two pawns when the king and king’s rook are transposed and worth slightly less than the knight when the king and queen’s rook are transposed.
* White's king and queen are transposed. This arrangement was tried in a correspondence tournament in 1935 with the participation of grandmaster Paul Keres. This creates a reverse symmetrical starting position like Chaturanga is played from. In Chaturanga, this is done so the players’ starting generals, having only diagonals, will be able to attack each other.
* The queen's knight is transposed with the king's bishop, so that both bishops are on the queenside and both knights are on the kingside, as shown in the diagram. This variant is sometimes called Mongredien chess, after Augustus Mongredien, the sponsor of a tournament held in London during 1868 under the auspices of the British Chess Association, in which several strong British players took part, including Joseph Henry Blackburne. According to David Pritchard, this is one of the most popular forms of displacement chess.
* The knights and bishops are transposed. This way a pawn move is necessary to free the edge square for the knight to develop to.
* The rooks and bishops are transposed. This array was suggested by J. R. Capablanca after his match with Emanuel Lasker, but did not become popular. This variant is also called Fianchetto chess.
* PP random chess: the kings remain on e1 and e8, one of the rooks must remain on the a- or h-file, and the bishops are placed on opposite-colored squares. Proposed in computer chess-playing client Chess4Net by Pavel Perminov.
# Loyal Arrow

Loyal Arrow (also known as Loyal Arrow 2009, Loyal Arrow 09) was a major exercise of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held in Northern Sweden on 8 June 2009 – 16 June 2009. Ten NATO and non-NATO countries will participate in the live fire exercises, which is aimed to train selected parts of the NATO Response Force Joint Force Air Component Headquarters in the conduct and coordination of air operations.
It was the biggest military air exercise ever held in Sweden.

## Participants

Overall the exercise involved about 800–900 participants and 50 jet aircraft from Germany, Finland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, the United States and NATO's airborne early warning component. Planes from NATO's Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), as well as other helicopters and transport aircraft, participated in the exercise. The Royal Navy sent HMS Illustrious, an Invincible-class light aircraft carrier, with 1,000 soldiers on board.
Center for the rehearsal was the F21 base outside Luleå, northern Sweden. The airports of Vidsel, Bodø (Norway) and Oulu (Finland) were also used as bases. Command and control was executed by the Joint Force Air Component headquarters from Ramstein Air Base.

## Scenario

Within the fictitious scenario, elements of the NATO Response Force (NRF), acting under a mandate by the United Nations Security Council, will be deployed to a theatre of operations, Lapistan.
Lapistan is a fictitious undemocratic unstable country that is ruled by a military clique which hosts terrorist training camps. The exercise's scenario is centered over a conflict over oil and natural gas with Bothnia, a fictitious neighboring NATO country, with some presence of nearby neutral fictitious countries Nordistan and Suomia, who refer to Norway and Finland, respectively.

## Lapistan name controversy

The name "Lapistan" gave rise to some controversy as possibly denigrating to Sami people and Muslims. Some Swedish political analysts also expressed concern that such a name may run contrary to Swedish stance of international neutrality. A spokesperson for the Swedish Sami umbrella organization, Svenska Samernas Riksförbund, compared the choice of name to "Jewistan", "Niggeristan" and "Zemmouristan".
# Epichloë australiensis

Epichloë australiensis is a systemic and seed-transmissible symbiont of the grass Echinopogon ovatus. It was originally described as a Neotyphodium species but later transferred to the genus Epichloë.
To date, Epichloë australiensis has only been found in some Australian populations of its host grass, whereas other populations in Australia and New Zealand have Epichloë aotearoae. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that Epichloë australiensis is an interspecific hybrid, and that its closest teleomorphic (sexual) relatives are Epichloë festucae and a strain in the Epichloë typhina complex (from Poa pratensis).
# Epichloë amarillans

Epichloë amarillans is a haploid sexual species in the fungal genus Epichloë.
A systemic and seed-transmissible grass symbiont first described in 1994, Epichloë amarillans is a sister lineage to Epichloë baconii, Epichloë festucae, Epichloë mollis and Epichloë stromatolonga.
Epichloë amarillans is found in North America, where it has been identified in many species of grasses, including Agrostis hyemalis, Agrostis perennans, Calamagrostis canadensis, Elymus virginicus, Sphenopholis nitida, Sphenopholis obtusata, Sphenopholis × pallens and Ammophila breviligulata.
# Lovable rogue

The lovable rogue is a fictional stock character, often from a working-class upbringing, who tends to recklessly defy social norms and social conventions, but who still evokes empathy from the audience or other characters.

## Description
### Character stereotypes

The lovable rogue is generally male and is often trying to "beat the system" and better himself, though not by ordinary or widely accepted means. If the protagonist of a story is also a lovable rogue, he is frequently deemed an antihero. The lovable rogue's wild disposition is viewed not as repulsive and alarming so much as exciting and adventurous. Some examples of this include snide or arrogant remarks, brawn over brains (yet challenging calls to action with wit before brawn), using their gut instincts to get out of hostility if personal profit is at stake, perhaps they love themselves more than women, thinking fast and talking faster, as well as having aspirations for a better life. The lovable rogue is generally regarded as handsome or attractive and his daredevil attitude further makes him sexually desirable to other characters. He often has a fiery temper and is streetwise—possessing practical knowledge—usually having self-taught and never been educated in a formal setting.

### Motives and morality

Lovable rogues are not the standard paragons of virtue because they frequently break the law or seem to act for their own personal profit; however, they are charming or sympathetic enough to convince the audience to root for them. As with the case of George Wickham in Pride and Prejudice, authors may even intentionally write them that way in order to hide the fact that they are a villain from readers until this information becomes necessary to plot.
Although they appear at first to act only for personal gain or to break the law needlessly, lovable rogues are often justified in these actions later on due to some ethical motivation that had not yet been revealed at the time or, at least, have the capacity to atone for their wrongdoings. Many lovable rogues are simply prone to being misled when making ethical decisions, while others who appear to act unethically actually maintain a flexible and complicated but legitimate code of ethics.
Despite his common external appearance of selfishness, foolhardiness, or emotional detachment, the lovable rogue may in fact strongly associate with a highly idealistic belief system and understand the concept of a code of honor so highly valued that it transcends normal social constraints such as conformity, tradition, or the law. This sense of an internalized, personal code is usually what makes the lovable rogue lovable, since it serves to confirm that he is moral whereas he may have appeared at first glance to be immoral. The lovable rogue, thus, is not a villain, because he has either a sincere, strong sense of morality (though he may be unwilling to expose it) or has the definite potential for establishing such a moral sense. In addition, his tendency to violate norms may be regarded as a positive trait—having a highly individualistic, creative, or self-reliant personality.