OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# European Federalist Movement

The European Federalist Movement (Movimento Federalista Europeo, MFE) was founded in Milan in 1943 by a group of activists led by Altiero Spinelli. The principles which inspired its foundation are contained in the Ventotene Manifesto, drawn up in 1941 by Spinelli himself, Eugenio Colorni, Ursula Hirschmann and Ernesto Rossi, and circulated by the in May 1943 circulated L'Unità europea periodical. Vayssière notes that the manifesto is widely seen as the birth of European federalism. Spinelli (1907–86), a former Communist, became a leader of the federalist movement due to his primary authorship of the Manifesto and his postwar advocacy. The manifesto called for a break with Europe's past to form a new political system through a restructuring of politics and extensive social reform. It was presented not as an ideal, but as the best option for the Europe's postwar condition.
Federalism represented in the 1940s a revolutionary and entirely innovative political idea. According to the federalists, the new line between progressive and reactionary forces was the one that existed between those for whom the key task is to create a federal European state, and those who consciously or de facto acted to maintain a diversity of sovereign nation-states.
# Worksman Cycles

Worksman Cycles is a family-owned American manufacturer of bicycles and tricycles for industrial, commercial and recreational use. The company was founded in 1898 and is headquartered in Ozone Park in the borough of Queens in New York City. Previously in the Spear Building the company also operates an additional factory in Conway, South Carolina. Worksman is the oldest bicycle manufacturer in the United States and has operated its own factory-direct e-commerce store since 2004.

## History

The company was founded by Morris Worksman, who began building cycles for local deliveries in New York City. Later, he built tricycles for the Good Humor Ice Cream Company with an ice cream cooler on the front.

## Products

Worksman is best known today for building cycles for industrial use that enable workers to travel around large industrial plants and warehouses, with some models allowing significant cargo weight. Worksman heavy-duty bicycles and tricycles are often used at commercial facilities and on airport tarmacs. Worksman markets its industrial products as a more energy efficient, healthful alternative to gas-powered transportation vehicles.
The company also builds consumer-grade specialty products. Worksman Cycles offers numerous tricycles specifically designed for adult riders, including folding trikes. Worksman gears its products towards riders of all sizes, shapes, and ability levels. Specialty items include a two-seat side by side trike and a low rider semi-recumbent tricycle. Worksman offers classic retro-styled heavy duty cruiser bicycles used by bike share programs in cities and universities, owing to their heavy-duty nature. Worksman bikes can also be found at boardwalk bike rental shops and bike tour operators. Every Worksman model offers numerous customization options and is built-to-order. Certain Worksman models are available at retail outlets; however, the company primarily conducts its business in direct-to-consumer fashion.
Worksman has a division that fabricates stainless steel food vending pushcarts and trucks, such as the New York City hot dog cart. With few bicycles manufactured in the U.S. after the 20th century, Worksman Cycles is a unique company in that it still welds, paints and assembles bicycles and adult tricycles in New York City. Worksman also owns the Atlantic Coast Cruiser brand which imports traditional cruiser bicycles from China.

## Gallery

* 1960s Worksman Business Cycle
* Worksman Cruiser
* Worksman B-Series Cruiser
* Worksman Personal Activity Vehicle
# Alberto Giraldo Jaramillo

Alberto Giraldo Jaramillo PSS (October 7, 1934 – July 21, 2021) was a Colombian Roman Catholic priest, prelate, and member of the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice. Giraldo served as the first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiquinquirá from its creation on April 26, 1977, until July 26, 1983, and the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cúcuta from 1983 to 1990. He was then appointed Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Popayán from 1990 to 1997 and Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Medellín from February 1997 until his retirement in February 2010. He was also President of the Episcopal Conference of Colombia from July 1996 to July 2002.
Giraldo was born in Manizales on October 7, 1934. He was ordained as a Catholic priest on November 9, 1958, and joined the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice in 1960. He studied theology at the University of Montreal in Canada and received a doctorate in theological studies from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Italy.
Giraldo was archbishop of Medellín from 1997 to 2010 during the height of the Colombian conflict. Alirio Uribe Muñoz, a human rights activist and politician, praised Giraldo as "committed 100% to peace and human rights in Medellin and Colombia" during the conflict.
Alberto Giraldo Jaramillo died at the San Jorge de Pereira Hospital in Pereira, Colombia, on July 21, 2021, at the age of 87.
# Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby

Edward Stanley, 11th Earl of Derby (27 September 1689 – 22 February 1776), known as Sir Edward Stanley, 5th Baronet, from 1714 to 1736, was a British nobleman, peer, and politician.
Derby was the son of Sir Thomas Stanley, 4th Baronet, and Elizabeth Patten of Preston, and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1714. This branch of the Stanley family, known as the "Stanleys of Bickerstaffe", were descended from Sir James Stanley, younger brother of Thomas Stanley, 2nd Earl of Derby.
He was appointed High Sheriff of Lancashire in 1723. He was elected to the House of Commons for Lancashire in 1727, a seat he held until 1736, when he succeeded his distant relative James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, as eleventh Earl of Derby, and took his seat in the House of Lords. He later served as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire from 1741 to 1757 and again from 1771 to 1776.
As Lord Lieutenant, Derby was ordered to embody the Lancashire Militia in September 1745 after the government's forces had been defeated by the Jacobite rebels at the Battle of Prestonpans. The regiments had not been called out for training for 30 years, and Derby and his deputy lieutenants scrambled to raise money and find officers who could train the raw troops. Derby was appointed Colonel on 25 October and by 5 November he had assembled one regiment of eight companies. The regiment guarded Liverpool while the Jacobites marched through Lancashire to Derby, and one of its detached companies harried the Jacobites during their subsequent retreat. The regiment was disembodied in January 1746 when the crisis had passed.
Lord Derby married Elizabeth Hesketh, daughter of Robert Hesketh, in 1714. He died in February 1776, aged 86, and was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson Edward, his son James Smith-Stanley, Lord Strange, having predeceased him. His daughter, Lady Charlotte Stanley, married General John Burgoyne. His great-great-grandson Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, was three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
# 1946 Catawba Indians football team

The 1946 Catawba Indians football team was an American football team that represented Catawba College as a member of the North State Conference (NSC) during the 1946 college football season. In its 13th season under head coach Gordon Kirkland, the team compiled a 10–2 record, defeated the Maryville Scots in the 1947 Tangerine Bowl, shut out 5 of 12 opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 282 to 67.
Anthony Georgiana led the team in scoring with 66 points on 11 touchdowns.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 14 | Cherry Point Marines* | Shuford FieldSalisbury, NC | W 29–7 | |
| September 21 | at VMI* | Alumni FieldLexington, VA | L 7–21 | 4,000 |
| September 28 | Eastern Kentucky* | Shuford FieldSalisbury, NC | W 9–7 | |
| October 5 | at High Point | High Point, NC | W 19–7 | |
| October 12 | at Wofford* | Spartanburg, SC | W 46–0 | 2,000 |
| October 19 | vs. Appalachian State | Bowman Gray StadiumWinston-Salem, NC | W 28–6 | 10,000 |
| October 26 | vs. Elon | Bowman Gray StadiumWinston-Salem, NC | W 40–0 | |
| November 2 | Presbyterian* | Shuford FieldSalisbury, NC | L 12–13 | |
| November 8 | at Newberry* | Newberry, SC | W 6–0 | |
| November 16 | Guilford | Shuford FieldSalisbury, NC | W 28–0 | |
| November 28 | Lenoir–Rhyne | Shuford FieldSalisbury, NC | W 27–0 | |
| January 1, 1947 | vs. Maryville (TN)* | Orlando StadiumOrlando, FL (Tangerine Bowl) | W 31–6 | 9,000 |
| *Non-conference game ||||||
# Wheels on Fire (band)

Wheels On Fire are an American garage-pop band formed by John Garris (guitar, vocals), Susan Musser (organ), and brothers Michael (guitar, vocals) and Matthew Chaney (drums) in Athens, Ohio, United States. They have toured the U.S. and Europe extensively and have released records on Chicago's Trouble in Mind, Mississippi's Fat Possum Records, and Germany's Alien Snatch. Currently the band has released three full-lengths and four singles.
In 2006 Alicja Trout's (Lost Sounds, Sweet Knives) River City Tanlines released a cover of an original Wheels on Fire song, "Cryin' Bleedin' Dyin', on their album I'm Your Negative. Wheels on Fire gained notoriety when Jack Oblivian of The Oblivians fame championed them and got them signed to Fat Possum records in 2008 and subsequently toured with them. Their sound has been referred to as mixing the power pop of Elvis Costello with the current garage sounds of Greg Cartwright and his The Reigning Sound outfit.
In 2014 the band's single "Bad Lie" was featured on the television show Shameless ("Iron City" Season 4, Episode 6).

## Albums

* Wheels On Fire CD (2006, Rosa Records)
* Get Famous LP/CD (2008, Fat Possum/Big Legal Mess)
* Liar, Liar LP/CD (2010, Alien Snatch Records - Germany)

## Singles, EPs, collections

* "I'm Turning Into You" 7" (Fat Possum Records)
* "Bad Lie" 7" (Trouble In Mind Records)
* Bad Lie Euro Tour Edition (Squoodge Records) - Limited to 100 copies
* Cherry Bomb EP 7" (2010, Kind Turkey Records)
* "Dead of Night" 7" (2011, Milk N' Herpes)
* God Save the Kinks (2012, Neotomic Records!)

## Videos

* ""Bad Lie" from the "Bad Lie" 7" on Trouble In Mind Records
# Draper Committee

The Presidents Committee to Study the United States Military Assistance Program ("Draper Committee.") was a bipartisan committee, created in November 1958 by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to undertake a completely independent, objective, and non-partisan analysis of the military assistance aspects of the 1949 Mutual Defense Assistance Act.
In 1965, William Henry Draper Jr. and others founded the Population Crisis Committee, which later changed its name to Population Action International. This organization is not the same as the Draper Committee.

## Members

The committee was composed of:
* William Henry Draper Jr. (chairman), board chairman of the Mexican Light & Power Co. and retired World War II major general
* Dillon Anderson, Houston lawyer, onetime presidential National Security Advisor
* Joseph M. Dodge, Detroit banker, onetime Budget Director
* Alfred Maximilian Gruenther, American Red Cross president, onetime Supreme Allied Commander in Europe
* Marx Leva, Washington lawyer, onetime Assistant Secretary of Defense
* John J. McCloy, New York banker, onetime High Commissioner in Germany
* George C. McGhee, Dallas businessman, onetime Assistant Secretary of State
* General Joseph T. McNarney (ret.), onetime commander of U.S. forces in Europe
* Admiral Arthur W. Radford (ret.), onetime Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman
* James E. Webb, Oklahoma oilman, onetime Under Secretary of State, onetime Budget Director
# XDR2 DRAM

XDR2 DRAM was a proposed type of dynamic random-access memory that was offered by Rambus. It was announced on July 7, 2005 and the specification for which was released on March 26, 2008. Rambus has designed XDR2 as an evolution of, and the successor to, XDR DRAM.
XDR2 DRAM is intended for use in high-end graphics cards and networking equipment.
As a fabless semiconductor company, Rambus only produces a design; it must make deals with memory manufacturers to produce XDR2 DRAM chips, and there has been a notable lack of interest in doing so.

## Changes from XDR DRAM
### Signaling

In addition to a higher clock rate (up to 800 MHz), the XDR2 differential data lines transfer data at 16 times the system clock rate, transferring 16 bits per pin per clock cycle. This "Hexadecimal Data Rate" is twice XDR's 8× multiplier. The basic burst size has also doubled.
Unlike XDR, memory commands are also transmitted over differential point-to-point links at this high data rate. The command bus varies between 1 and 4 bits wide. Even though each bit requires 2 wires, this is still less than the 12-wire XDR request bus, but it must grow with the number of chips addressed.

### Micro-threading

There is a basic limit to how frequently data can be fetched from the currently open row. This is typically 200 MHz for standard SDRAM and 400–600 MHz for high-performance graphics memory. Increasing interface speeds require fetching larger blocks of data in order to keep the interface busy without violating the internal DRAM frequency limit. At 16×800 MHz, to stay within a 400 MHz column access rate would require a 32-bit burst transfer. Multiplied by a 32-bit wide chip, this is a minimum fetch of 128 bytes, inconveniently large for many applications.
Typical memory chips are internally divided into 4 quadrants, with left and right halves connected to different halves of the data bus, and top or bottom halves being selected by bank number. (Thus, in a typical 8-bank DRAM, there would be 4 half-banks per quadrant.) XDR2 permits independently addressing each quadrant, so the two halves of the data bus can fetch data from different banks. Additionally, the data fetched from each half-bank is only half of what is needed to keep the data bus full; accesses to an upper half-bank must be alternated with access to a lower half-bank.
This effectively doubles the number of banks and reduces the minimum data access size by a factor of 4, albeit with the limitation that accesses must be spread uniformly across all 4 quadrants.
# 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally

The 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally was a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 5 December 2010. The rally organiser, the Air Untuk Rakyat movement and federal opposition Pakatan Rakyat, had called the protest regarding the privatisation of water management in Selangor state which surrounds the capital, Kuala Lumpur and the federal government's bailout of SYABAS, a water distribution firm controlled by associate of the UMNO-led federal government crony Rozali Ismail. A secondary objective of the rally was to hand over a petition with over 250,000 signatures to the King Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin to intervene against the privatisation of the water services in the state at the Istana Negara.
According to various estimates the rally attracted between 2,500 to 10,000 people. The rally started gathering outside the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur at 9 o'clock, early Sunday morning on 5 December 2010.

## Police actions

All the roads leading to Istana Negara and the National Mosque were guarded and blocked a day before by police causing a massive traffic jams in various parts of the city. At least 60 people were arrested by the Malaysian police who considered the gathering illegal. The police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowd.
# Yan-kit So

Yan-kit So (13 July 1933 – 22 December 2001) was a Chinese food historian and cookery expert who lived and worked mainly in London since the 1960s.

## Career

So became known among a wider public for her commercially successful and critically acclaimed cookbooks, which contributed much to the popularization of Chinese cooking in Britain. She joined the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery of Alan Davidson in 1981.

## Life

Born in Zhongshan, Guangdong province into the family of a tea merchant, Yin Moo So, she grew up in Hong Kong, where she graduated from University with a degree in history, and went on to acquire a DPhil at the University of London.
She was married twice, to a Chinese surgeon, Po Yat Iu, whom she divorced, and then to the American historian Briton Martin Jr, who died of a brain tumour in 1967 and with whom she had a son, Hugo Martin (born 1965). She died in London on 22 December 2001.

## Works

* The Classic Chinese Cookbook (1984)
* Wok Cookbook (1985)
* Party Eats (1988), with Paul Bloomfield
* Classic Food Of China (1992)
# Yang Mingxia

Yang Mingxia (born January 13, 1990, in Danfeng County, Shangluo, Shaanxi) is a female Chinese race walker. She represented her country at the 20 km (12 mi) race walk event at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified. She previously finished fourth in an IAAF Race Walking Challenge meet in 2008.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result | Event |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, PR China | DSQ | 20 km |
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 18th | 20 km |
| 2013 | Universiade | Kazan, Russia | 2nd | 20 km walk team |
# Edward Celestin Daly

Edward Celestin Daly, O.P. (October 24, 1894 – November 23, 1964) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Des Moines in Iowa from 1948 until his death in 1964.

## Biography
### Early life

Edward Daly was born on October 24, 1894, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to James and Elizabeth (née Cairns) Daly. He attended Boston College from 1912 to 1914, and made his profession as a member of the Order of Preachers (more commonly known as the Dominicans) in 1915. He studied philosophy and theology at the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, D.C.
At age 26, Daly was ordained to the priesthood for the Order of Preachers by Bishop John T. McNicholas on June 12, 1921. Daly then studied canon law at the Catholic University of America until 1923, when he became secretary and archivist of the Apostolic Delegation. During this period, he earned a Master of Sacred Theology degree in Rome in 1936 and also served as professor of canon law at the Dominican House of Studies.

### Bishop of Des Moines

On March 13, 1948, Daly was appointed the fourth bishop of the Diocese of Des Moines by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on May 13, 1948, from Archbishop Amleto Cicognani, with Archbishops Henry Rohlman and Leo Binz serving as co-consecrators. He was named an assistant at the pontifical throne in May 1958.
Daly attended the first three sessions of the Second Vatican Council. After attending its third session, Edward Daly died when his plane, TWA Flight 800 (1964), crashed during takeoff at Fiumicino Airport near Rome.
# Hoshangabad Assembly constituency

Hoshangabad Assembly constituency is one of the constituencies of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in central India. In 2018 Vidhansabha Election, Dr. Sitasharan Sharma was elected as MLA from this constituency, this is the fifth term of Dr. Sitasharan Sharma as MLA from the same constituency. Dr. Sharma also served as the Speaker of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, (2014-2019). Narmada River is the life line of this constituency, Security Paper Mill and Ordinance Factory are situated in this constituency,
It is part of Hoshangabad district.

## Member of the Legislative Assembly

| Election | Name | Party |
| 2008 | Girja Shanker Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | Sita Sharan Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | Sitasharan Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Sitasharan Sharma | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2018

2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Hoshangabad :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | BJP | Sitasharan Sharma | 82,216 | 52.34 |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 1369 | 0.87 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 157085 | 75.78 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 207,283 | |
# Yaya, Çan

Yaya is a village in the Çan District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 151 (2021).
# Márohu

Márohu or Marohu may refer to:
* Marohu (aka Márohu, or Taino Marohu), the spirit of clear skies of the Taíno
* WASP-6 (star), Constellation Aquarius; a G8-type yellow dwarf star; named after the Taino Marohu
# Dr. James Davies House

The Dr. James Davies House in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story, shingled Colonial Revival house designed by Tourtellotte & Co. and constructed in 1904. The first floor is veneered in composite brick which may not be original to the house. The shingled upper story has flared walls at its base and small shed roof decorations above side windows. Other prominent features include a gambrel roof that extends over a cross facade porch with stone pillars at its front corners. The right front portion of the roof at its curb is cut inward of the lateral ridgebeam to expose a small, second-floor balcony above a beveled side bay. A large, pedimented front gable includes an off center, mullioned spider web window.
Dr. James C. Davies and his family moved to Boise from Emmettsburg, Iowa, in 1904, first occupying a house the Idaho Statesman referenced as the Randall residence at 12th and Washington Streets. Dr. Davies purchased a lot from E.C. Cook one block east of the Randall residence, and he ordered construction of the 10-room Davies House.
The Davies family occupied the house from its construction in 1904 until 1910, when Dr. Albert E. Weaver purchased the house. Dr. Davies and his family moved into the Borah residence on Franklin Street, previously occupied by William Borah.
Dr. Davies returned to Iowa to care for his parents, and he died in Emmettsburg in 1918.