OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paid to click

Paid to click (PTC) is an online business model that draws online traffic from people aiming to earn money from home. PTC websites act as middlemen between advertisers and consumers; the advertiser pays for displaying ads on the PTC website, and a part of this payment goes to the viewer when they view the advertisement.
The PTC model shares some similarities with pay to surf as both of these models use referral marketing as a promotional method. Furthermore, the PTC model is usually combined with a variety of additional ways to earn, such as completing surveys and simple tasks, playing games, shopping, etc. Users can then redeem their earnings for cash through payment processors as well as a variety of gift cards.

## Controversies and criticism

The viability of the PTC business model has been questioned, as fraudulent clicks have ramped up the expenses for advertisers. With lawsuits filed against the internet search companies, the burden has been placed on advertisers to determine valid clicks from fraudulent ones and request reimbursement.
A criticism leveled towards the PTC business model involves the notion that a Ponzi scheme could potentially attempt to market itself as a successful Internet advertising services company under the guise of a PTC website. The most notable case of this being Traffic Monsoon, charged with this tactic, via a complaint filed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
# Windeberg

Windeberg (pronounced) is a village and quarter of the town of Mühlhausen in Thuringia, central Germany.

## Geography

Windeberg lies on the edge of the southern slope of the Dün at the transition to the Thuringian Basin, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north-east of the core town of Mühlhausen. The Forstberg (395 metres (1,296 ft) above NN) lies to the south and the Flachstal (Flax Valley) nature reserve to the west. There are transport links via the Landesstraßen (state's roads) 1016 and 2041.

## History

The village was first mentioned in a document on 29 August 1296. For centuries, it belonged to the sphere of influence of the Reichsstadt (imperial city) of Mühlhausen. In 1565, the (male) population of Windeberg was 45. In 1750, much of the village, including the village church, fell victim to a fire. In 1802, Windeberg, together with Mühlhausen, fell to the Kingdom of Prussia, from 1807 to 1813 to the Kingdom of Westphalia (canton Dachrieden) created by Napoleon, and after the Congress of Vienna in 1816, it was assigned to the Landkreis Mühlhausen i. Th. in the Prussian Province of Saxony. On 1 June 1992, Windeberg was incorporated into Mühlhausen.

## Sights

* St Nicholas's Church [de]
* Memorial for the victims of both world wars in the churchyard in front of the village church
# Peyədərə

40°38′35″N 46°08′56″E﻿ / ﻿40.64306°N 46.14889°E﻿ / 40.64306; 46.14889
Peyədərə (also, Paya Dara, Peyadere, and Peyaderesi) is a village in the Goygol Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# HMS Demerara (1804)

HMS Demerara was the mercantile schooner Anna that the British Royal Navy purchased in 1804. A French privateer captured her that same year and Demerara became the French privateer Hebe. She had an unsuccessful single-ship action in 1806. The Royal Navy recaptured her and she returned to service that year as HMS Anna. She was broken up in 1809.

## HMS

The Navy appointed Lieutenant Thomas Dutton to command Demerara.
On 14 July 1804 Demerara was cruising off Demerara when at daylight she sighted a ship at anchor. The ship got under weigh and approached Demerara, which attempted to escape what was clearly a well-armed privateer. Within an hour the privateer had caught up with her quarry and started firing small arms and a broadside. Within 10 minutes Demerara had lost one man killed and nine wounded, and Dutton struck. The privateer was Grande Décidée. She was armed with 22 guns and had a crew of 155 men.

## Privateer

Lloyd's List of 18 April 1806 reported that a 14-gun privateer had captured Shipley, but that Shipley had been recaptured and had arrived at Barbados. In February Shipley had encountered a French three-masted schooner privateer, the former HMS Demerara. Wilson and Shipley resisted for an hour and three-quarters until after he was severely wounded, as were the mate and the steward, and she had had four men killed. (The French had lost six men killed, including her second captain, and many men wounded.) The French plundered Shipley of her cargo. It was HMS Galatea that recaptured Shipley. On 25 July Shipley Williams & Co., Shipley's owners, presented Wilson with a silver cup as a token of appreciation. The cup's inscription names the French privateer as Hebe.

## HMS

It appears that the Royal Navy may have retaken Demerara. The vessel resumed the name Anna on 15 August 1806, i.e., after the above engagement, and after the commissioning of a new Demerara. Anna was broken up in 1809.

## Citations

* 1 2 3 Winfield (2008), pp. 369–70.
* 1 2 Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, p.33.
* ↑ Hepper (1994), p. 10.
* ↑ Lloyd's List №4045.
* ↑ Williams (1897), p.402.
* ↑ Object ID:PLT0189 "Silver cup presented to Captain John Wilson in 1806."
# Hanaregoma stable

Hanaregoma stable (放駒部屋, Hanaregoma beya) was a stable of sumo wrestlers, one of the Nishonoseki ichimon or group of stables. As of September 2010 it had eight active wrestlers.
The stable was established in 1981 by former ōzeki Kaiketsu Masateru, as a breakaway from Hanakago stable. Among the wrestlers who went with him was Ōnokuni, who reached the top makuuchi division in 1983. In 1985 its parent stable folded and it took in the remaining Hanakago wrestlers, including future makuuchi Hananoumi and Hananokuni. Ōnokuni became the 62nd yokozuna in 1987. The stable had less success in later years, and did not have a sekitori ranked wrestler after the retirement of Shunketsu in 2008.
In August 2010, Hanaregoma became the head of the Japan Sumo Association, a position he held until 2012.
On 7 February 2013, due to Hanaregoma's imminent mandatory retirement, the stable was absorbed into Ōnokuni's Shibatayama stable, which had branched off from its parent in 1999.

## Owner

* 1981-2013: 19th Hanaregoma (former ōzeki Kaiketsu Masateru)

## Notable wrestlers

* Ōnokuni – best rank yokozuna
* Hananoumi – best rank komusubi
* Hananokuni – best rank maegashira 1
* Misugiiso - best rank maegashira 2
* Shunketsu – best rank maegashira 12
* Komafudō - best rank maegashira 13
* Hidenohana – best rank jūryō
* Maeta - best rank makushita

## Referees

* Tamamitsu Kimura (real name Nobuhide Ueda) - san'yaku referee
* Kichijiro Kimura (Masahiro Nishino) - makushita referee

## Usher

* Katsuyuki (Katsuyuki Koyama) - san'yaku usher
# History of Pathanamthitta district

This is the History of Pathanamthitta district. Pathanamthitta district is located in the southern region of Kerala, a state in South India.

## History of Pandalam dynasty

It is believed that the Pandya kings of Tamil Nadu fled to Pandalam in the face of an attack from Cholas and settled there in the land they bought from Kaipuzha Thampan, a landlord. The Pandya dynasty had provinces on either sides of the Western Ghats.

### Travancore Rule

The King of Pandalam helped Marthanda Varma to conquer the Kayamkulam province. In return for this help, Marthanda Varma did not attempt to attack and conquer Pandalam or Adoor, during the expansion of his kingdom.Pandalam was annexed to Travancore in 1820. Before the formation of Pathanamthitta district, Pandalam was in Mavelikara taluk of Alappuzha district. King Marthandavarma once came to Sasthamcotta to hide from ettuvettil pillai's (a wealthy family who tried to capture King Marthandavarma and to get hold of his throne) and sought the help of nellimuttil family . Mannadi is also another historical place near Adoor where Velu Thampi Dalava died evading the Britishers. Pandalam was part of Central Travancore and was never directly under British Rule. Pathanamthitta was a major town of wealthy Hindu, Syrian Christian families .

### Late Travancore Rule and Indian Rule

By the twentieth century Adoor was a fully developed town, with modern facilities like schools, libraries, hospitals etc. After the independence of India, Adoor was made a municipality in 1988 and Pandalam after 2000.

## History of Ranni

The history of Ranni can be traced 5000 years back to the early settlement activity of Adi Dravidans around Sabarimala and Nilackal. The temple at Sabarimala is an early temple of Kerala, dating back to around 2000 years. The deity's sitting posture and resemblance of the prayer 'Sharanam vili' to "Buddham Sharanam / Sangam Sharanam" points to the Buddhist past. Buddhist hermits always prefer to stay in interior jungles for solitary contemplation to attain Nirvana. The word 'Ayya' is a Buddhist Pali word means Lord/God. There was an ancient trade route passed through Nilackal between Kerala and Pandian kingdom.
# Ghoghara

Ghoghara is a village of Sarai tehsil in Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh.
# National Transitional Council (Chad)

The National Transitional Council of Chad (French: Conseil national de transition, CNT) was the de facto government of Chad from 2022 to 2024. The CNT replaced the Transitional Military Council and the dissolved National Assembly. It acts as an interim parliament for the country in its transition to democracy, tasked with preparations for elections in 2024. It was led by the Prime Minister of Chad.

## History
### Formation

Under the Transitional Military Council (CMT), military authorities seized power in Chad following the death of President Idriss Déby in April 2021 and were led by Déby's son, Mahamat Déby. Initially, the council promised a period of 18-months before holding elections in October 2022. However, a new plan approved on 1 October 2022 following dialogue in August and September, extended the transition another two years until elections in October 2024. The CMT was then dissolved on 10 October and replaced by the CNT headed by members appointed by Déby, the then-Transitional President of Chad.
The CNT acted as Chad's parliament. Following a national reconciliation dialogue in early October 2022 that recommended Déby's number of deputies in the CNT, Déby increased it from 93 to 197 on 7 November. The move aimed to integrate a larger variety of members from different political parties, civil society organizations, and rebel groups that joined the national dialogue.

### 2023 referendum

On 27 June 2023, 96% of all members of the CMT voted in favour of a new draft constitution. The new constitution was put forward to Chadian voters as a referendum on 17 December 2023 and passed with 85.9% of the vote.
On 1 January 2024, former opposition leader Succès Masra was appointed as Prime Minister of Chad. Masra was previously in exile, but returned following reconciliation with the government in November. Mahamat Ahmad Alhab, the Secretary-General of the Presidency, said Masra premiership would continue until the 2024 parliamentary elections.
# XOXO (microformat)

XOXO (eXtensible Open XHTML Outlines) for web syndication is an XML microformat for outlines built on top of XHTML. Developed by several authors as an attempt to reuse XHTML building blocks instead of inventing unnecessary new XML elements/attributes, XOXO is based on existing conventions for publishing outlines, lists, and blogrolls on the Web.
The XOXO specification defines an outline as a hierarchical, ordered list of arbitrary elements. The specification is fairly open which makes it suitable for many types of list data. E.g. the more semantic version of the S5 presentation file format is based upon XOXO.

## XML format

The XML elements in an XOXO document are:

### <ul class="xoxo">

    The ordered list and unordered list are the root elements of XOXO. They may contain the class attribute with the value xoxo. They are also used as containers for outline items. They may have the attribute compact="compact" to indicate state of whether child items are visible.

### <li>

    Represents an item in the outline. May contain an ordered list or unordered list element to contain child items which themselves may do so as well.

### <a>

    Represents a hyperlink for an item in the outline. Possible attributes include: a title attribute to indicate additional information; a type attribute to indicate the MIME type of the link destination; a rel attribute to indicate the link resource's relationship to this outline (e.g. using XFN); and/or a rev attribute to indicate the relationship of this outline to the linked resource (e.g. using VoteLinks).

### <dl>

    May contain any number of arbitrary properties using <dt> (definition term) and <dd> (definition description) elements.

## Example XOXO uses

* play list
* specification
* presentation
* directory
* blogroll
# HMS Delphinium

Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Delphinium:
* HMS Delphinium (1915) was an Arabis-class sloop launched in 1915 and sold in 1933
* HMS Delphinium (K77) was a Flower-class corvette, launched in 1940 and scrapped in 1949
# Doom of Destiny

Doom of Destiny, released in 2007, is the eleventh full-length album by the German power metal band Axxis.

## Track list

* "Voices of Destiny" – 1:16
* "Doom of Destiny (Arabia)" – 4:09
* "Better Fate" – 5:08
* "Bloodangel" – 4:41
* "I Hear You Cry" – 4:56
* "The Fire Still Burns" – 3:49
* "Father Father" – 4:12
* "Revolutions" – 3:48
* "She Got Nine Lifes" – 3:38
* "Devilish Belle" – 5:27
* "Astoria" – 5:08
* "Engel Aus Hass" [bonus]
* This article about a 2000s power metal album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Peripeplus

Peripeplus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rubiaceae.
Its native range is Gabon.
Species:
# River lily

River lily may refer to:
* Crinum pedunculatum, native to Australia, New Zealand, and some Pacific Islands
* Hesperantha coccinea, native to South Africa and Zimbabwe
* River Lily, a river in England
# Po Tat (constituency)

Po Tat is one of the 37 constituencies in the Kwun Tong District of Hong Kong which was created in 2003.
The constituency has an estimated population of 20,490.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party |
| 2003 | So Ka-ho | Democratic |
| 2007 | Hung Kam-in | DAB |
| 2019 | Fung Ka-lung | Nonpartisan |

## Election results
### 2010s

Kwun Tong District Council Election, 2019: Po Tat :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Nonpartisan | Fung Ka-lung | 4,311 | 52.21 |
| | DAB | Hung Kam-in | 3,946 | 47.79 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 365 | 4.42 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,303 | 72.73 |
| | Nonpartisan gain from DAB | Nonpartisan gain from DAB | Swing | |
# National Transformation Party (Trinidad and Tobago)

The National Transformation Party was a political party in Trinidad and Tobago. It contested the 1995 general elections, but received just 83 votes and failed to win a seat. The party did not contest any further elections.
# Pharena

Pharena is a village development committee in Rupandehi District in Lumbini Province of southern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 2,817 people living in 400 individual households.
# Xanthodonta nigrovittata

Xanthodonta nigrovittata is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in Kenya.
The wingspan is 23–31 mm.
# HMS Demerara

Two vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named Demerara for Demerara:
* HMS Demerara (1804) was the mercantile schooner Anna that the British Royal Navy purchased in 1804. A French privateer captured her that same year and Demerara became the French privateer Hebe. She had an unsuccessful single-ship action in 1806. The Royal Navy recaptured her and she returned to service that year as HMS Anna. She was broken up in 1809.
* HMS Demerara (1806) was the French privateer Cosmopoli, launched, captured, and purchased in 1806. She spent her entire career in the West Indies. In 1809 she participated in the capture of Martinique. Demerara was sold in 1813.
# Dorothy K. Kripke

Dorothy Karp Kripke (February 6, 1912 – September 6, 2000) was an American author of Jewish educational books.

## Early life

Kripke, born Dorothy Karp on February 6, 1912 in New York City, was the daughter of Max Samuel Karp, a rabbi, and Goldie Karp (née Mereminsky).
In 1937 she married Myer S. Kripke at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City. They had three children, Saul, Madeline, and Netta.
Kripke died on September 6, 2000, in Omaha, after a long illness.

## Career

Kripke was a Jewish Theological Seminary graduate, Rebbetzin (Rabbanit) and children's book author, and is the mother of noted philosopher Saul A. Kripke. Some of her books were illustrated by Vladimir Bobri.

## Philanthropy

The Kripkes made the decision to become active in philanthropy after a series of successful investments left them in a position where they were able to donate large sums to worthwhile causes.

## Works or publications

* Kripke, Dorothy K, and Aimee Neibart. Let's Talk About Being Jewish. New York: Ktav, 1952 [1981].
* Kripke, Dorothy K, and Jessie B. Robinson. Rhymes to Pray. New York: Bloch Pub. Co, 1952.
* Kripke, Dorothy K, and Vladimir Bobri. Let's Talk About God. New York: Behrman House, 1953.
* Kripke, Dorothy K, and Christine Tripp. Let's Talk About God. Los Angeles, CA: Alef Design Group, 2003. ISBN 978-1-881-28334-8 (2003 reprint of 1953 book with illustrations by Christine Tripp)
* Kripke, Dorothy K. Let's Talk About Right and Wrong. New York: Behrman House, 1955.
* Kripke, Dorothy K. Let's Talk About Judaism. New York: Behrman House, 1957.
* Kripke, Dorothy K. Debbie in Dreamland: Her Holiday Adventures. New York: National Women's league of the United Synagogue of America, 1960.
* Kripke, Dorothy K, Meyer Levin, Stephen Kraft, and Lorence F. Bjorkland. God and the Story of Judaism. New York: Behrman House, 1962.
* Kripke, Dorothy K. Let's Talk About the Jewish Holidays. New York: Jonathan David, 1970.
* Kripke, Dorothy K, Myer S. Kripke, and Laszlo Matulay. Let's Talk About Loving: About Love, Sex, Marriage, and Family. New York: Ktav Pub. House, 1980. ISBN 978-0-870-68913-0
* Kripke, Dorothy K, Stacy Crossland, and Joy N. Wieder. Let's Talk About the Sabbath. Los Angeles, Calif: Alef Design Group, 1999. ISBN 978-1-881-28318-8
* Kripke, Dorothy K. Children's Books and Stories About American Jewish Life and History: A Bibliography. New York: American Jewish Historical Society.
# Podvinje

Podvinje may refer to:
* Podvinje, Visoko, a village near Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Podvinje, Croatia, a village near Slavonski Brod, Croatia
** Podvinje cafe shooting, 1998
* Podvinje, Slovenia, a village near Brežice, Slovenia
# Witenalpstock

The Witenalpstock is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Uri and Graubünden. It lies west of the Oberalpstock, between the Etzlital and the Val Strem.
# Phil Holder

Philip Holder (born 19 January 1952) is an English former association football player and manager. As player, he made more than 150 appearances in the Football League representing Tottenham Hotspur, Crystal Palace and AFC Bournemouth, and played in the North American Soccer League for the Memphis Rogues. As manager, he took charge of Brentford for three seasons.

## Career

Holder was born in Kilburn, London. He began his football career as an apprentice with Tottenham Hotspur in 1969 and remained with the club for five years. He played only 13 times in the Football League, but played six games in European competition, including a substitute appearance in the second leg of the 1974 UEFA Cup Final. He joined Crystal Palace in February 1975, and played 112 games in all competitions for the club, before spending a summer in the North American Soccer League with the Memphis Rogues. He returned to England and signed for AFC Bournemouth of the Fourth Division in March 1979, before his playing career ended due to a pelvic injury.
Holder then took up coaching, with clubs including Crystal Palace. He was appointed assistant to Brentford manager Steve Perryman in the late 1980s, and when Perryman resigned, Holder was confirmed as his successor in September 1990 after a spell in temporary charge. He guided them to the Third Division play-offs that season, only for the team to lose to Tranmere Rovers in the semi-final over two legs. In first leg at Griffin Park, a last minute equaliser from Kevin Godfrey gave Brentford hope, but later the same week, a 1–0 defeat at Prenton Park gave Tranmere the overall tie 3–2 on aggregate.
As a coach Holder will be best remembered for his success during the 1991–92 season. He guided a Brentford side spearheaded by prolific striker Dean Holdsworth to the Third Division title and gained them a place in the new Division One. With six matches of the season left, Holder told the players that they needed to win them all: they did so. On Boxing Day 1992, Brentford went 10th in Division One and were just three points short of the playoff zone. Holder was voted Manager of the Month for the division, and there was much speculation as to whether Brentford could mount a challenge for promotion to the Premiership. But a sharp decline set in and defeat in the final game of the season condemned "The Bees" to relegation to Division Two. Holder was sacked three days later.
In July 1993 he briefly joined Watford as Perryman's assistant, then assisted Peter Taylor at Southend United, and coached at Reading, before linking up with Perryman yet again in 1999, this time in Japan as assistant manager of J.League side Shimizu S-Pulse.

## Personal life

After leaving football, Holder entered the flower business.

## Honours
### As a manager

Brentford
* Football League Division Three: 1991–92

### As an individual

* Brentford Hall of Fame
# Xanthodura

Xanthodura is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1880 and is found on Madagascar.

## Species

* Xanthodura hypocrypta L. B. Prout, 1925
* Xanthodura trucidata Butler, 1880