OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pentastarch

Pentastarch is a subgroup of hydroxyethyl starch, with five hydroxyethyl groups out of each 11 hydroxyls, giving it approximately 50% hydroxyethylation. This compares with tetrastarch at 40% and hetastarch at 70% hydroxyethylation, respectively.
It is sold under the name Pentaspan and used for fluid resuscitation. It is considered a plasma expander because it remains primarily intravascular after infusion.

## Choice of resuscitation fluid

The choice of fluid (normal saline vs. Ringer's lactate vs. pentaspan) is controversial.
Physiologically, fluid with pentaspan stays primarily in the intravascular space: blood plasma. This is different than normal saline, which shifts quickly into the rest of the extracellular compartment.
Advocates of pentaspan use believe that:
* the primary deficit in fluid resuscitation is intravascular volume loss and
* use of normal saline may lead to pulmonary edema, particularly in older patients.

## Normal saline versus pentastarch
### Casualty

Pentastarch in the emergency setting is not well studied and its use not of proven benefit. One small study that compared normal saline and pentastarch failed to show any significant survival advantage; however, significantly less volume was required for resuscitation in the pentastarch group.

### Cardiac surgery

A study is currently being done to compare normal saline with pentastarch following cardiac surgery.

## Cost

Pentastarch is more expensive than normal saline, but less expensive than albumin.
# Political Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy

The Political Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy (simplified Chinese: 中国人民解放军海军政治部; traditional Chinese: 中國人民解放軍海軍政治部; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Hǎijūn Zhèngzhìbù) is one of the main departments of the People's Liberation Army Navy. Its director is ranked at the deputy military region grade (副大军区级).

## List of directors

| No. | Image | Name | Chinese name | Rank | Alma mater | Term of Office | Term of Office |
| No. | Image | Name | Chinese name | Rank | Alma mater | Began | Ended |
| 1 | | Liu Daosheng | 刘道生 | Vice Admiral (1955) | Voroshilov Naval Academy | April 1950 | November 1953 |
| 2 | | Su Zhenhua | 苏振华 | Admiral (1955) | Counter-Japanese Military and Political University | November 1953 | February 1957 |
| 3 | | Duan Dezhang | 段德彰 | Rear admiral (1955) | Counter-Japanese Military and Political University | February 1957 | June 1962 |
| 4 | | Zhang Xiuchuan | 张秀川 | Rear admiral (1955) | People's Liberation Army Advanced Military Academy | June 1962 | August 1968 |
| 5 | | Zhang Jingyi | 张敬一 | Commodore (1955) | Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party | December 1968 | November 1971 |
| 6 | | Liu Juying | 刘居英 | Rear admiral (1955) | Peking University | May 1972 | August 1975 |
| 7 | | Wang Xin | 王昕 | Commodore (1955) | | August 1975 | May 1978 |
| 8 | | Deng Chubai | 邓楚白 | Commodore (1962) | | May 1978 | January 1981 |
| 9 | | Li Junyan | 李君彦 | Rear admiral (1961) | People's Liberation Army Advanced Military Academy | February 1981 | August 1982 |
| 10 | | Liu Youfa | 刘友发 | Vice admiral (1955) | Counter-Japanese Military and Political University | August 1982 | July 1985 |
| 11 | | Tong Guorong | 佟国荣 | Vice admiral (1988) | Zhongnan University of Economics and Law | July 1985 | November 1992 |
| 12 | | Yang Huaiqing | 杨怀庆 | Rear admiral (1990) Vice admiral (1994) Admiral (2000) | Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party | November 1992 | December 1993 |
| 13 | | Hu Yanlin | 胡彦林 | Rear admiral (1990) Vice admiral (1995) Admiral (2004) | PLA National Defence University | December 1993 | June 2000 |
| 14 | | Bi Huiyi | 毕惠义 | Rear admiral (1992) Vice admiral (2001) | Heilongjiang University | June 2000 | December 2004 |
| 15 | | Tong Shiping | 童世平 | Rear admiral (1998) Vice admiral (2004) Admiral (2010) | PLA University of National Defence | December 2004 | December 2005 |
| 16 | | Fan Yinhua | 范印华 | Rear admiral (1998) Vice admiral (2007) | Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party | December 2005 | July 2008 |
| 17 | | Xu Jianzhong | 徐建中 | Rear admiral (1998) Vice admiral (2007) | Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party | July 2008 | June 2009 |
| 18 | | Wang Zhaohai | 王兆海 | Rear admiral (2004) Vice admiral (2009) | Sichuan University | June 2009 | June 2011 |
| 19 | | Ma Faxiang | 马发祥 | Rear admiral (2005) Vice admiral (2012) | | June 2011 | July 2013 |
| 20 | | Ding Haichun | 丁海春 | Rear admiral (2007) Vice admiral (2013) | | July 2013 | December 2014 |
| 21 | | Yang Shiguang | 杨世光 | Rear admiral (2010) Vice admiral (2016) | | December 2014 | |
# 1995 Tokyo Indoor

The 1995 Tokyo Indoor also known as "Seiko Super Tennis" was a tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Tokyo in Japan that was part of the IBM 1995 ATP Tour and was an ATP Championship Series event, today known as the ATP World Tour 500 series. The tournament was held from 9 October through 15 October 1995. Matches were the best of three sets. This was last time the tournament would be held.

## Finals
### Singles

Michael Chang defeated Mark Philippoussis 6–3, 6–4
* It was Chang's 3rd singles title of the year and the 22nd of his career.

### Doubles

Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Jakob Hlasek / John McEnroe 7–6, 6–4
# Norwegian Transport Workers' Union

Norwegian Transport Workers' Union (Norwegian:Norsk Transportarbeiderforbund, NTF) was a Norwegian trade union which was established on 2 April 1896. The union organised workers in logistics and private goods and passenger transport. The main areas for the union were drivers plus workshop and maintenance personnel in the bus companies, warehouses and terminal workers, drivers in forwarding and wholesale industry, mailroom employees and delivering personnel in newspaper companies, taxi drivers, employees in the environmental industry (waste disposal and recycling), freight drivers (long and local transport of goods ) and stevedores workers in the ports.
The union had over 20,000 members in 20 unions across Norway.
The union's head office in Oslo consisted of eight officers and nine employees. NTF joined the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) in 1907 and was a member of the International Transport Workers' Federation. The unions' leader was Roger Hansen.
In 2019, the union merged into the United Federation of Trade Unions.
# Neaspilota isochela

Neaspilota isochela is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Neaspilota of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

United States.
# Philophuga

Philophuga is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about five described species in Philophuga.

## Species

These five species belong to the genus Philophuga:
* Philophuga amoena LeConte, 1848
* Philophuga brachinoides Bates, 1883
* Philophuga caerulea Casey, 1913
* Philophuga viridicollis (LeConte, 1846)
* Philophuga viridis (Dejean, 1831)
# Hadronectoridae

Hadronectoridae is an extinct family of prehistoric coelacanth fishes which lived during the Carboniferous period. However, according to Actinistia, it could include Laugiidae, Rhabdodermatidae and not extinct Coelacanthiformes.
# Douglas Cartland

Douglas Cartland may refer to:
* Douglas Cartland (Silent Hill), a video game character
* Douglas Cartland (table tennis) (1914–?), American table tennis player
# Pentasalia

Pentasalia may be
* misspelling of Pentacalia, genus of Asteraceae plants in the Americas
* misspelling of Pentasilia, Amazon queen in Greek myth
# Political Disorder

Political Disorder is a conceptual, critical and process artwork by Abel Azcona. For Political Disorder, Azcona joined many different institutions and political parties. The work was made up of dozens of original documents of affiliation to dozens of political parties in Spain, membership cards or documentation of fees and payments. The piece, in which Azcona joins all the Spanish political parties, is a critique of the system that prioritizes economic interest over true ideology. Azcona joined Falange Española, Vox, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and the Popular Party. He also became a member of entities with a political connotation such as the extreme right-wing organization Hazte Oír, the Francisco Franco National Foundation, the Spanish nazi organization Hogar Social and the "Christian Lawyers". The multi-year project concluded at the Andrés-Missirlian Space Museum in Romainmôtier, Switzerland in 2017. In this exhibition, Azcona included the expulsion letters of each of the political parties and organizations.
# DnaE

DnaE, the gene product of dnaE, is the catalytic α subunit of DNA polymerase III, acting as a DNA polymerase. This enzyme is only found in prokaryotes.
# Naunton (disambiguation)

Naunton is a village in Gloucestershire.
Naunton may also refer to:
* Naunton, Worcestershire, hamlet
* Chris Naunton
* Robert Naunton
* William Naunton
* Naunton Wayne
# Phirangipuram

Phirangipuram is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Phirangipuram mandal of Guntur revenue division.

## Demographics

As of 2011 Census of India, the village had a population of 16,365, of which males are 8,155, females are 8,210 and the population under 6 years of age are 1,650. The average literacy rate stands at 70.25 percent, with 10,337 literates.

## Government and politics

Phirangipuram gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.

## Education

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of 19 schools. These include 8 Zilla Parishad/ Mandal Parishad and 11 private schools.
# Hagnicourt

Hagnicourt (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
# Pentaspadon motleyi

Pentaspadon motleyi is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its fruit and its seeds are edible after cooking. Its timber is weak but still used locally for certain applications. It also abundantly produces an oil which is used for skin conditions.
# Federação de Futebol do Estado do Espírito Santo

The Federação de Futebol do Estado do Espírito Santo (English: Football Association of Espírito Santo state) was founded on May 2, 1917, and it manages all the official football tournaments within the state of Espírito Santo, which are the Campeonato Capixaba, the Campeonato Capixaba lower levels, and the Copa Espírito Santo, and represents the clubs at the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
# 1401 in France

Events from the year 1401 in France

## Incumbents

* Monarch – Charles VI

## Births

* 27 October – Catherine of Valois, Queen of England (died 1437)
* Unknown – Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, nobleman and soldier (died 1456)

## Deaths

* Unknown – John of Valois, Count of Montpensier, nobleman (born 1386)
# Dixie Hunt Hotel

The Dixie Hunt Hotel is a historic hotel building in Gainesville, Georgia. It was built in 1937 by Brenau University on the site of a former building donated to them by an alumna, the widow of businessman Jim Hunt. The university sold the building in 1969. It was designed in the Art Deco style by architect William J.J. Chase. The style is rare in Georgia; this is one of relatively few Art Deco buildings in the state. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 16, 1985.
# Headlander Festival

Headlander Festival was a small UK family-friendly festival held on the ground of Stockport RUFC in Bramhall, with the first two-day event being held from 21 June to 22 June 2013. The two-day event attracted around 6,000 music fans each year.
The festival was designed to be accessible to families with children of all ages and featured three stages for live music, a trade village, foods from around the world and music workshops.

## 2013

Acts who appeared at the first Headlander Festival included; A Few Good Men, The Rainband, The Beavers, Kill For Company, The Ordinary, Reachback and Manchester Ska Foundation.

## 2014

Toploader headlined the 2014 festival which also saw appearances from The Mend, Stooshe, Kazo, The Feud, Jeramiah Ferrari, The High Nines, Daisy Day, A Few Good Men and Swampgrass.

## 2015

Acts appearing over 20 and 21 June 2015 included:
* Roachford
* From The Jam
* Jeramiah Ferrari
* My Darling Clementine
* Philip Henry & Hannah Martin
* Son Of Dave
* Clive Gregson
* Hat Fitz and Cara
* Chickenbone John
* Alex McKnow
* Kazo
* James Michael
* Isembard's Wheel
* Dave Sharp
* Doug Perkins and The Spectaculars
* Tree House Fire!
* The Hummingbirds
* Route 66
* The Hayes Sisters
* Lucky T Jackson
# Erna Stein-Blumenthal

Erna Stein-Blumenthal (September 23, 1903, in Emden, Germany – June 5, 1983, in Emek Chefer, Israel) was worked as an art curator at the Jewish Museum in Berlin starting in May 1933.

## Education

She had gone to the University of Breslau in Silesia and studied art history. She then got a doctorates for a dissertation in baroque columns.

## Works

Before she was an art curator, she had written articles for the General Lexicon of Fine Arts from Antiquity to the Present and had written a piece for the first volume of the Real Lexicon on German Art History which came out in 1937. In 1930 Blumenthal started working as an assistant of Karl Schwarz, who was creating a collection for the Berlin Jewish community by opening the Jewish Museum on January 24, 1933. Shortly after Adolf Hitler became Reich Chancellor, Schwarz received an offer to establish the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, so he assigned Blumenthal to run and direct the Jewish Museum in May 1933.

## Exhibition

Stein-Blumenthal's only recorded exhibition, Führer durch das jüdische Museum (Guide to the Jewish Museum), described relics, paintings, and sculptures made at the time.
# Perrinia elisa

Perrinia elisa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 8 mm and 20 mm. The thick, solid, imperforate shell has an acutely conical shape. The elevated spire has straight lateral outlines. The base of the shell is convex. Its color is whitish-ashen. The surface is dull. The apex is minute, its tip subimmersed. The apical whorl has a smooth appearance. The rest of the whorls (7 to 8 in all) are traversed spirally by three strong cords, the central one narrowest, all closely beaded by the decussation of close, regular, elevated lamellae of increment, which sharply sculpture the interstices. Two lamellae arise from each bead of the superior spiral cord. The sutures are very deeply, narrowly channelled. The body whorl is angled at the periphery, and bears 7 concentric lirae on the base, the inner ones smaller. The whole is closely sharply sculptured by radiating lamellae. The very oblique aperture is subquadrate with about 9 sharp entering lirae. The outer lip is beveled. The short columella is subvertical and cylindrical, with three or four small, transverse, rather acute folds on the lower half.
The species is known by the three spirals of the spire whorls and the several small folds of the columella.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines.
# Holger Becker

Holger Becker (born 15 July 1964) is a German businessman and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag since the 2021 German federal election, representing the constituency of Jena – Sömmerda – Weimarer Land I.

## Early life and education

Becker studied physics at the University of Heidelberg and at University of Western Australia in Perth from 1985 to 1991. He subsequently worked as a research associate at the University of Heidelberg and earned a doctorate (Dr. rer.nat.) in 1995. He was a research associate at Imperial College London from 1995 to 1997.

## Career in the private sector

Becker worked at Jenoptik from 1998 until 2000.

## Political career

In parliament, Becker has been serving on the Committee on Education, Research and Technology Assessment and the Committee on Digitization.

## Other activities

* Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Ex-Officio Member of the Senate (since 2022)
* German Physical Society (DPG), Member of the Board (2000–2015, since 2021)
* Association of German Engineers (VDI), Member
# Panafieu

Panafieu is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bernard Panafieu (1931–2017), French Roman Catholic bishop
* Françoise de Panafieu (born 1948), French politician
# Aphnaeus flavescens

Aphnaeus flavescens, the creamy highflier, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Malawi and Zambia.
# Waverly Plantation

Waverly Plantation may refer to:
* Waverly Plantation (Leon County, Florida)
* Waverly Plantation (Cunningham, North Carolina), on the National Register of Historic Places
# Windsor Board of Education

The Windsor Board of Education (WBOE) was a school district in Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
The district, prior to its closure, had 32 elementary schools, eight secondary schools, and 7 agency schools. In 1998 it was amalgamated with the Essex County Board of Education into the Greater Essex County District School Board.

## Schools

Elementary:
* Bellewood
* Central
* Concord (merger of Prince Charles & John McCrae in 1987)
* Coronation
* David Maxwell
* Dougall Avenue
* Eastwood
* Forest Glade
* Frank Begley
* General Brock
* Glenwood
* Gordon McGregor
* H.D. Taylor
* Hetherington
* Hugh Beaton
* J.E. Benson
* John Campbell
* John McWilliam
* King Edward
* Marlborough
* Maryvale
* Northwood
* Oakwood
* Parkview
* Percy P. McCallum
* Prince Edward
* Prince of Wales
* Princess Anne
* Princess Elizabeth
* Queen Victoria
* Roseland
* Roseville
* Southwood
* W.G. Davis
Secondary:
* Century Secondary School
* J.L. Forster Secondary School
* Honourable W.C. Kennedy Collegiate
* W. D. Lowe High School
* Vincent Massey Secondary School
* Riverside Secondary School
* Walkerville Collegiate Institute
Closed prior to dissolution:
* Centennial Secondary School
# Phosphoroscope

A phosphoroscope is piece of experimental equipment devised in 1857 by physicist A. E. Becquerel to measure how long it takes a phosphorescent material to stop glowing after it has been excited.
It consists of two rotating disks with holes in them. The holes are arranged on each disk at equal angular intervals and a constant distance from the centre, but the holes in one disk do not align with the holes in the other. A sample of phosphorescent material is placed in between the two disks. Light coming in through a hole in one of the discs excites the phosphorescent material which then emits light for a short amount of time. The disks are then rotated and by changing their speed, the length of time the material glows can be determined.
# 1936–37 Luxembourg National Division

The 1936–37 Luxembourg National Division was the 27th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.

## Overview

It was contested by 10 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | Jeunesse Esch | 18 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 44 | 20 | +24 | 26 |
| 2 | FC Progrès Niedercorn | 18 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 57 | 19 | +38 | 26 |
| 3 | US Dudelange | 18 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 55 | 22 | +33 | 26 |
| 4 | Stade Dudelange | 18 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 57 | 33 | +24 | 24 |
| 5 | FA Red Boys Differdange | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 50 | 47 | +3 | 21 |
| 6 | CA Spora Luxembourg | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 47 | 29 | +18 | 20 |
| 7 | CS Fola Esch | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 17 |
| 8 | Union Luxembourg | 18 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 37 | 56 | −19 | 14 |
| 9 | FC Red Black Pfaffenthal | 18 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 22 | 61 | −39 | 4 |
| 10 | FC Aris Bonnevoie | 18 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 21 | 103 | −82 | 2 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | ARI | USD | FOL | JEU | PRO | RBP | RBD | SPO | STD | UNI |
| Aris Bonnevoie | | 1–3 | 0–5 | 1–3 | 2–4 | 4–1 | 4–5 | 1–7 | 0–12 | 1–4 |
| US Dudelange | 13–1 | | 8–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 3–3 |
| Fola Esch | 6–0 | 1–3 | | 0–2 | 1–0 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 3–2 | 3–1 | 6–1 |
| Jeunesse Esch | 11–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | | 0–1 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 5–1 | 3–2 |
| Progrès Niederkorn | 11–0 | 1–2 | 3–1 | 0–2 | | 6–0 | 4–1 | 2–2 | 4–2 | 9–0 |
| Red Black Pfaffenthal | 4–2 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 0–3 | 1–4 | | 3–6 | 3–5 | 1–2 | 2–2 |
| Red Boys Differdange | 5–2 | 1–4 | 1–3 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 5–1 | | 3–1 | 1–4 | 3–1 |
| Spora Luxembourg | 5–0 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 1–3 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 6–4 | | 0–1 | 2–2 |
| Stade Dudelange | 2–1 | 0–2 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 4–0 | 3–3 | 1–5 | | 5–2 |
| Union Luxembourg | 2–1 | 3–1 | 4–1 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 2–1 | 2–3 | 1–3 | 3–7 | |

## 1st playoff

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| FC Progrès Niedercorn | 0–1 | US Dudelange |
| Jeunesse Esch | 0–3 | FC Progrès Niedercorn |
| US Dudelange | 0–4 | Jeunesse Esch |

## 2nd playoff

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| Jeunesse Esch | 4–2 | FC Progrès Niedercorn |
| US Dudelange | 0–5 | Jeunesse Esch |
| FC Progrès Niedercorn | 2–1 | US Dudelange |
# Electric transient

Electric transient may refer to:
Physical phenomena:
* Transient response
* Transient (oscillation)
* Transient recovery voltage
* Voltage spike
* Voltage droop
* Inrush current
Software:
# Perrinia angulifera

Perrinia angulifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 26 mm. The imperforate shell has an elevated-conoidal shape. The nearly plane whorls are imbricated and angulated below. They are longitudinally nodose-costate, and ornamented with transverse girdles of subdistant tubercles. The interstices are channelled. The body whorl is subangulate. The columella is straight and short. It terminates in a small tooth. The outer lip is subduplicate and sulcate inside.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Philippines and the Gulf of Oman.
# Peffingen

Peffingen is a municipality in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.
# Polack (disambiguation)

Polack is a derogatory reference to a person of Polish descent.
Polack may also refer to:
* Polack (surname)
* Polatsk, or Połack, a city in Belarus
# Point Pleasant Township, Warren County, Illinois

Point Pleasant Township is located in Warren County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 157 and it contained 67 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36 square miles (93 km$^2$), all land.
# 13 Hours

13 Hours may refer to:
* 13 Hours (book), full title 13 Hours: The Inside Account of What Really Happened in Benghazi, a 2014 historical book by American author Mitchell Zuckoff made into a film
** 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, also known as 13 Hours, a 2016 film based on the book
* 13Hrs, 2010 British film
# Watari Station

Watari Station is the name of multiple train stations in Japan:
* Watari Station (Kumamoto) - (渡駅) in Kumamoto Prefecture
* Watari Station (Miyagi) - (亘理駅) in Miyagi Prefecture