OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1650 in science

The year 1650 in science and technology involved some significant events.

## Astronomy

* In Ursa Major, the handle's middle star, Mizar, is noted to be a binary by Giambattista Riccioli.

## Botany

* William How publishes his flora Phytologia Britannica.
* Posthumous publication begins of Johann Bauhin's Historia plantarum universalis at Yverdon.

## Geology

* The Kolumbo underwater volcano in the Aegean Sea is discovered when it bursts from the sea and erupts, killing 70 people on a nearby island.

## Medicine

* English physician Francis Glisson publishes the first comprehensive pediatric text on rickets, De rachitide sive morbo puerili, qui vulgò The rickets dicitur, the result of collaborative research by members of the Royal College of Physicians.

## Technology

* Polish–Lithuanian nobleman Kazimierz Siemienowicz's widely translated manual Artis Magnae Artilleriae, pars prima ("Great Art of Artillery, the first part") is published in Amsterdam.

## Births

* November 28 - Jan Palfijn, Flemish surgeon and obstetrician (died 1730)
* May 1 (bapt.) - John Radcliffe, English physician (died 1714)
* approx. date – Thomas Savery, English engineer, inventor of a steam pump (died 1715)

## Deaths

* February 11 – René Descartes, French mathematician (born 1596)
* June 30 – Niccolò Cabeo, Italian polymath (born 1586)
* July 18 – Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer (born 1573)
* August – John Parkinson, English herbalist and botanist (born 1567)
* Giovanni Battista Zupi, Italian astronomer (born c. 1590)
* Philippe d'Aquin, French physician, hebraist, philologist and orientalist (born 1578)
# Escaudœuvres

Escaudœuvres (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## History

Escaudœuvres is famous for being the location of the sugar factory of the Sucrerie centrale de Cambrai. At the time of its construction, this was one of the biggest sugar factories of the world. It later became the Sucrerie Tereos d'Escaudœuvres, but ceased to operate in 2023. The site is now only a logistics facility.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Escaudœuvres | The arms of Escaudœuvres are blazoned : Vert, 3 fesses ermine. |
# Eucharistic Youth Movement

The Eucharistic Youth Movement (EYM) is an international Catholic educational movement oriented to youth, originated in 1915 in France as the Eucharistic Crusade, following the call of the International Eucharistic Congress of Lourdes to form "a great Eucharistic league of children". It began its pedagogical renewal in 1962, calling itself the Eucharistic Youth Movement. It is the youth branch of the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network.
This movement is made up of young people from 5 to 18 years of age and is present in more than 59 countries. It finds its roots in the Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network (Apostleship of Prayer) and is inspired by the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius.
# Pietà Military Cemetery

Pietà Military Cemetery in Pietà, Malta, is a burial ground for military personnel and their dependants. It is located in the south western suburbs of Valletta, on a minor road (Triq id-Duluri). The following are cared for by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC):
* 1303 First World War commonwealth casualties buried or commemorated at the Cemetery (including 20 Indian servicemen and labourers of the Indian Army who were cremated at Lazaretto Cemetery)
* 166 Second World War burials
* 772 non-war graves in the cemetery
* 15 war graves of other non-Commonwealth nationalities.
A large number of Australian and New Zealand service personnel are buried in the cemetery, the highest concentration on Malta.
The first British serviceman buried at the cemetery was a group of British soldiers buried in 1866. The majority of those interred and remembered at the cemetery are casualties of the two World Wars (but mainly the First World War), many in communal graves. The last identifiable servicemen or dependant buried at the site is hard to ascertain as this is a mixed civilian and military cemetery.
The cemetery did not escape the aerial bombardment that Valletta and its environs experienced in WW2, and in April 1941 a Bomb Disposal team was called to deal with eight UXBs that had impacted in the graveyard. The team successfully defused the bombs without incident.
Malta's CWGC Cemeteries became the centre of a controversy when the then Prime Minister of Malta Dom Mintoff was recorded as considering doing away with the island's war cemeteries in 1978; the threat was never carried out.
There are a number of CWGC graveyards and sites that are cared for by the British Government through the auspices of the CWGC and some of the larger collections of war graves can be found at the following locations:
* Pembroke Military Cemetery
* Capucinni Naval Cemetery (also known as Kalkara Naval Cemetery)
* Imtarfa Military Cemetery
* Malta Memorial – Valletta (not graves but commemorating those with no known grave)
# Ouderkerk

Ouderkerk (Dutch pronunciation: ) is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2015 it has been a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard.
The former municipality covered an area of 28.57 km$^2$ (11.03 sq mi) of which 1.50 km$^2$ (0.58 sq mi) was water. It was formed on 1 January 1985, after a municipal reorganization.
The former municipality of Ouderkerk consisted of the population centres Gouderak, Lageweg, Ouderkerk aan den IJssel, and IJssellaan, all situated along the Hollandse IJssel river.

## Topography

Dutch Topographic map of the former municipality of Ouderkerk, 2013.
# Eblisia

Eblisia is a genus of beetles belonging to the family Histeridae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Eblisia bennigseni Bickhardt, 1912
* Eblisia bicincta Cooman, 1941
# Diaphus signatus

Diaphus signatus, the small lanternfish, is a species of lanternfish found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

## Description

This species reaches a length of 4.0 cm (1.6 in).
# Governor Gates

Governor Gates may refer to:
* Charles W. Gates (1856–1927), 55th Governor of Vermont
* Ralph F. Gates (1893–1978), 37th Governor of Indiana
* Thomas Gates (governor) (1585–1622), Colonial Governor of Virginia in 1610 and 1611 to 1614
# Philippines at the 1976 Summer Olympics

The Philippines competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. The Asian nation sent only fourteen athletes to Montreal, its smallest delegation since 1932, to compete in track and field, boxing, shooting, swimming and weightlifting.

## Results and competitors by event
### Athletics

Men's Marathon
* Victor Idava — 2:38:23 (→ 57th place)

### Boxing

Men's Light Flyweight ( – 48 kg)
* Eduardo Baltar
** First Round — lost to Armando Guevara (VEN), 0:5
Men's Bantamweight ( – 54 kg)
* Reynaldo Fortaleza
Men's Featherweight ( – 57 kg)
* Ruben Mares

### Shooting

Men's Free Pistol
* Arturo Macapagal
Men's Rapid Fire Pistol
* Mariano Ong

### Swimming

Men's 100m Freestyle
* Gerardo Rosario
Men's 400m Freestyle
* Edwin Borja
Men's 1500m Freestyle
* Edwin Borja
Men's 100m Backstroke
* Gerardo Rosario
Men's 200m Backstroke
* Gerardo Rosario
Men's 200m Butterfly
* Edwin Borja
Women's 100m Breaststroke
* Nancy Deano
Women's 200m Breaststroke
* Nancy Deano
Women's 400m Individual Medley
* Nancy Deano

### Weightlifting

Men's Flyweight
* Salvador del Rosario
Men's Bantamweight
* Arturo del Rosario
# 1693 in China

Events from the year 1693 in China.

## Incumbents

* Kangxi Emperor (32nd year)

## Events

* 2nd Month: imperial orders are made for eunuchs to be offered official monetary loans, similar to a system in the Eight Banners, since the eunuchs' monthly stipends are rapidly spent and due to the wretched state of their garments
* Tsewang Rabtan, rival and nephew of Galdan Boshugtu Khan, sends an envoy to Beijing, brings news that the Qing envoy Ma Di has been killed and shares secret information regarding Galdan Boshugtu Khan.
* 9th Month: reconstructions begin at Mukden (modern-day Shenyang)
* the palace memorial system are first requested by the Emperor to supplement the regular bureaucratic channels of information.

## Births

* Zheng Xie (鄭燮; 1693–1765), commonly known as Zheng Banqiao (鄭板橋; Zhèng Bǎnqiáo) was a Chinese painter and official from Jiangsu.
# Estela Gavidia

Estela Gavidia was in 1945 the first woman to graduate as a doctor in El Salvador She specialized in gynecology. At the time of her graduation she was married and thus known as Dr. Grabowski; she was eventually widowed.
# Pietà (manga)

Pietà (ピエタ) is a Japanese josei yuri manga by Nanae Haruno. It was originally serialized in the manga magazine Young You, published by Shueisha. The chapters were collected into two tankōbon volumes, the first released on April 19, 2000, and the second on May 19, 2000. The second volume also contains a sequel short story, "A Week at the Beach," showing the main characters at a later time.
The word "pietà" is Italian for "pity" or "mercy".

## Plot

Rio Sakaki is a high school girl who cuts herself and has attempted suicide a few times. She is unloved by her family—her stepmother is especially abusive, and her father, while aware of the abuse, does nothing to stop it. At the beginning of the manga, Rio meets Sahoko Higa, a classmate who spent two years as a hikikomori. They fall in love and begin spending a lot of time together, but Rio's inner demons, especially those that involve the gaps in her memory and her deceased baby sister, threaten to cause Rio to relapse into a suicidal state.

## Characters
### Rio Sakaki (賢木理央, Sakaki Rio)

    Due to being neglected by her family, Rio is withdrawn and depressed. She has few hopes and ambitions for the future, and at her stepmother's insistence, she lives in a different house, away from her family.

### Sahoko Higa (比賀佐保子, Higa Sahoko)

    A classmate of Rio, although she is two years older. Before the manga begins, she went through a period in which she refused to come out of her room. As a way to relieve her stress, she does not live with her parents, but she still has a decent relationship with them.

### Shoumitsu Minori (御法先生, Minori Shōmitsu)

    Rio's psychologist. He and his wife first met Rio seven years before the manga begins. He has high hopes for Rio's recovery, but worries about the negative influence of her family.

### Kyouko Minori (御法鏡子, Minori Kyōko)

    Like her husband Shoumitsu, she is a psychologist. She was the one who oversaw Sahoko's treatment during her hikikomori stage. Like her husband, she cares greatly about Rio, but she fears that they cannot help her.

### Shigeko Sakaki (賢木繁子, Sakaki Shigeko)

    Rio's stepmother. She has two children of her own, one by a previous lover and one by Rio's father. She hates Rio and emotionally abuses her. Rio's father does nothing to stop the abuse, as he claims that he cannot seem to love Rio because he is uncertain if she is really his biological daughter.

## Manga

Pietà was serialized in the josei manga magazine Young You, published by Shueisha. The chapters were collected into two tankōbon, which are out of print as of 2009.
| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | April 19, 2000 | 978-4-08-864487-5 |
| Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Cover characters Rio Sakaki |||
| 2 | May 19, 2000 | 978-4-08-864488-2 |
| Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Extra Story: "A Week at the Beach" Cover characters Sahoko Higa |||
# Ectaga canescens

Ectaga canescens is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1912. It is found in Mexico (Guerrero).
The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are hoary grey, profusely sprinkled with brownish and brownish fuscous scaling, forming a somewhat dense shade from the costa to the middle of the fold, but leaving the basal, dorsal and terminal portions of the wing less obscure, with the exception of a narrow, terminal shade continued around the apex, and a small spot at the extreme base of the costa. The hindwings are straw-whitish, with a brownish cinereous tinge toward the apex.
# Didier Daeninckx

Didier Daeninckx (born 27 April 1949 in Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis) is a French author and left-wing politician of Belgian descent, best known for his romans noirs.

## Works translated into English

* Murder in Memoriam [fr] (Meurtres pour mémoire) by Melville House Publishing
* A Very Profitable War (Le Der des ders) by Melville House Publishing
# Ellis Gardner

Ellis Peniston Gardner (born September 16, 1961) is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Kansas City Chiefs and the Indianapolis Colts. He played collegiately for the Georgia Tech football team, where he also lettered in Wrestling and Track while achieving a 3.6 GPA in Electrical Engineering. He was selected by the Chiefs in the sixth round of the 1983 NFL draft.
# Yaw-rate sensor

A yaw-rate sensor is a gyroscopic device that measures a vehicle's yaw rate, its angular velocity around its vertical axis. The angle between the vehicle's heading and velocity is called its slip angle, which is related to the yaw rate.

## Types

There are two types of yaw-rate sensors: piezoelectric and micromechanical.
In the piezoelectric type, the sensor is a tuning fork-shaped structure with four piezoelectric elements, two on top and two below. When the slip angle is zero (no slip), the upper elements produce no voltage as no Coriolis force acts on them. But when cornering, the rotational movement causes the upper part of the tuning fork to leave the oscillatory plane, creating an alternating voltage (and thus an alternating current) proportional to the yaw rate and oscillatory speed. The output signal's sign depends on the direction of rotation.
In the micromechanical type, the Coriolis acceleration is measured by a micromechanical capacitive acceleration sensor placed on an oscillating element. This acceleration is proportional to the product of the yaw rate and oscillatory velocity, the latter of which is maintained electronically at a constant value.

## Applications

Yaw rate sensors are used in aircraft and electronic stability control systems in cars.
# Yoshinori Shimizu (basketball)

Yoshinori Shimizu (清水良規, Shimizu Yoshinori) is a Japanese professional basketball executive and former player, currently serving as the general manager of the Osaka Evessa of the Japanese B.League.

## Head coaching record

| Team | Year | G | W | L | W–L% | Finish | PG | PW | PL | PW–L% | Result |
| Matsushita Electric | 1980 | 10 | 9 | 1 | .900 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1981 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1982 | 15 | 13 | 2 | .867 | - | - | - | - | – | Runners-up |
| Matsushita Electric | 1983 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1984 | 14 | 14 | 0 | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1985 | 14 | 11 | 3 | .786 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1986 | 14 | 13 | 1 | .929 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1987 | 14 | 12 | 2 | .857 | - | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1988 | 15 | 14 | 1 | .933 | 1st in C | - | - | - | – | Runners-up |
| Matsushita Electric | 1989 | 15 | 13 | 2 | .867 | 1st in T | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1990 | 15 | 13 | 2 | .867 | 1st in C | - | - | - | – | Runners-up |
| Matsushita Electric | 1991 | 15 | 13 | 2 | .867 | 1st in T | - | - | - | – | Runners-up |
| Matsushita Electric | 1992 | 22 | 12 | 10 | .545 | - | - | - | - | – | 4th |
| Matsushita Electric | 1993 | 10 | 9 | 1 | .526 | 1st in T | - | - | - | – | 7th |
| Matsushita Electric | 1994 | 16 | 13 | 3 | .813 | 1st in C | - | - | - | – | JBL Champions |
| Matsushita Electric | 1995 | 16 | 12 | 4 | .750 | 1st in T | - | - | - | – | 7th |
| Matsushita Kangaroos | 2005 | 26 | 9 | 17 | .346 | 7th | - | - | - | – | 7th |
| Matsushita Kangaroos | 2006 | 26 | 13 | 11 | .542 | 4th | 3 | 1 | 2 | .333 | 4th |
| Panasonic Trians | 2007-08 | 35 | 18 | 17 | .514 | 5th | - | - | - | – | 5th |
| Panasonic Trians | 2008-09 | 35 | 22 | 13 | .629 | 3rd | 3 | 1 | 2 | .333 | 3rd |
| Panasonic Trians | 2009-10 | 42 | 25 | 17 | .595 | 3rd | 3 | 1 | 2 | .333 | 3rd |
| Panasonic Trians | 2010-11 | 36 | 26 | 10 | .722 | 3rd | - | - | - | – | - |
| Panasonic Trians | 2011-12 | 42 | 24 | 18 | .571 | 4th | 3 | 1 | 2 | .333 | 4th |
| Panasonic Trians | 2012-13 | 42 | 20 | 22 | .476 | 5th | - | - | - | – | 5th |
| Kumamoto Volters | 2014-15 | 54 | 6 | 48 | .111 | 6th in Western | - | - | - | – | - |
| Kumamoto Volters | 2015-16 | 49 | 13 | 36 | .265 | 10th | - | - | - | – | - |
# Fulk FitzWarin, 1st Baron FitzWarin

Fulk FitzWarin, 1st Baron FitzWarin (14 September 1251 – 24 November 1315), sometimes styled as Fulk V FitzWarin, was an English landowner and soldier who was created the first Baron FitzWarin in 1295, during the reign of King Edward I.

## Family background

The FitzWarin family took its name from Guarine (or Warin) de Meez, said to have been a member of the House of Lorraine who came to England after the Norman Conquest. Fulk FitzWarin, the first baron, was the fifth of his family to bear the name Fulk, though some chronicles conflate two of his ancestors together. His father, Fulk (IV) FitzWarin, was appointed by King Richard I to defend the Welsh Marches, later rebelled against (and was outlawed by) King John, and, having made his peace with King Henry III, drowned in a river during the Battle of Lewes in royal service during the Second Barons' War. His grandfather was Fulk (III) FitzWarin.

## Welsh wars

FitzWarin became entangled in the strife between the Welsh princes Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. FitzWarin's father had held the manor of Bausley, which had previously been held by the Corbet family, and which was subsequently taken by Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn. When FitzWarin married Gruffydd's daughter, the latter restored the manor to his new son-in-law. During the conflict between the two princes, Llywelyn seized Bausley (along with other lands of Gruffydd), and after he was driven out another of the Corbet family, Peter Corbet of Cans, claimed it. It is not clear whether FitzWarin petitioned King Edward I to decide the issue, or whether the king stepped in to prevent a deadly feud; regardless, the king sent the Earl of Lincoln to resolve the case, which he decided in FitzWarin's favor. Like his father-in-law, FitzWarin sided with the king in the Welsh Wars. For his service, FitzWarin was summoned to Parliament in 1295 as the first Baron FitzWarin.

## Later life

FitzWarin continued to serve the crown, fighting in the Scottish Wars and in Flanders. He was made a Knight of the Bath. He died in 1315.

## Marriage and issue

FitzWarin married Margaret, daughter of Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn. They had a son, also named Fulk, who succeeded him as Baron FitzWarin. he also had a daughter named Hawise FitzWarin who married Robert Hoo "The Younger" ancestor of Thomas Hoo, Baron Hoo and Hastings
# Out with Dad (web series)

Out with Dad is a Canadian web series created, written, directed, and produced by Jason Leaver. The series premiered on YouTube in 2010, and ran for five seasons, concluding in 2017. It follows Rose, a lesbian teenager, who struggles through the process of her coming out to her single father.
The series has won various awards, including several Indie Series Awards, and has screened at numerous festivals, including the Los Angeles Web Series Festival. As of April 2018, the series has over 40,000 subscribers and has been viewed over 25 million times on YouTube.

## Background

The series premiered on YouTube in 2010 and is filmed in and around Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It also streams on Blip and Dailymotion. The series shines a spotlight on the challenges of people in the LGBT community, specifically lesbians facing homophobia.
In 2011, the series was given an official endorsement by PFLAG Canada.
Since the conclusion of its third season, the series has been funded solely by fans through the online funding platform Patreon. In 2017, the fifth season, which consists of 5 episodes, was announced as the final season of the series.

### Subtitles

Fans of the series take upon it themselves to publish subtitles for the episodes on YouTube in many different languages, including:
* Germanic languages : English, Dutch, German
* Latine languages : French, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian
* Eastern European languages : Czech
* Partially subtitled in those languages : Russian (Seasons 1 & 2), Greek (Seasons 1 & 3) and Croatian (Seasons 1 & 3)
A deal with France Televisions led to the dubbing in French of the webseries, by its subsidiary MFP, for the broadcasting on France 4 channel of the episodes 1.01 to 3.06.

## Episodes

See List of episodes of Out with Dad

## Cast

See Out with Dad cast members
# Need To

"Need To" is a song written and recorded by the American nu metal band Korn for their self-titled debut album. It was released as the album's second single in April 1995.

## Music and structure

The song features elements of an older Korn song called "Alive", which was found on their demo tape, Neidermayer's Mind. "Alive" was eventually reworked and re-recorded for the band's sixth studio album, Take a Look in the Mirror.

## Concept

   "Need To" is about being in a relationship with someone you love so much but you are too scared to get close to them because you're paranoid that they may stop loving you.
       You pull me closer, I push you away,
       You tell me it's okay, I can't help but feel the pain.
   I was used to being used by people I loved and any future relationship was going to feel the same. Every time I thought I was getting too close, I would push her away." – Jonathan Davis
In 2015, Jonathan Davis disclosed that the song's subject was Aimee Echo of Human Waste Project. "We were really good friends back in the day, and we never hooked up, and never did anything, but the vibe was there. I don’t think I ever told her this, but I guess she’s going to find out now…”

## Credits

* Jonathan Davis - vocals
* Munky - rhythm guitar
* Head - lead guitar
* Fieldy - bass
* David Silveria - drums
* Produced by Ross Robinson
* Eddy Schreyer – mastering
* Stephen Stickler – photography
* Jay Papke/Dante Ariola – art direction and design
* Chuck Johnson – engineering and mixing

## Track listing
### US Radio Promo

* CD5" ESK 6981
* "Need To" – 4:02
# Mont Noble

Mont Noble (2,673 m) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the Val de Réchy in the canton of Valais.