OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Econometric Institute

Econometric Institute (Dutch Econometrisch Instituut) at the Erasmus University Rotterdam is a leading research institute in the fields of econometrics and management science in the Netherlands. The Institute offers advanced education in econometrics. It was founded in 1956 by Henri Theil in cooperation with Jan Tinbergen.

## History
### Foundation

The first proposal for a special institute in quantitative economics at the Netherlands School of Economics in Rotterdam was made by Henri Theil in 1953 with support of Jan Tinbergen, while working at the Central Planning Bureau. The senate of the school added the requirement that it "would not confine itself to economic applications, but would also give attention to business problems, which implied that operations research had to be included in the program."
In the year 1955–56 Theil was Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago, where he made a similar proposal again with support of Jan Tinbergen. This proposal was eventually accepted both in Chicago and in Rotterdam, and the Econometric Institute started September 1956 in Chicago and later in Rotterdam.
The Econometric Institute was the first research institute in the field of econometrics in the world, and started with a research staff of 6. Henri Theil became its first director, and headed the institute until 1966.

### Development

In the early years the Institute developed a full academic program in Econometrics. The program originally focussed on "national and international macroeconomic policy; the required computing power to estimate econometric models was expensive and scarcely available, so that econometrics was almost exclusively applied in public (statistical) agencies." This evolved over the years. In this time many leading econometricians were guest at the Institute.

### New millennium

In the new Millennium the Econometric Institute had "dismissed a strong emphasis on mathematics and statistics as research areas, and it embraced areas as finance, marketing and economics in general." In 2005 the Econometric Institute served some 300 students at the BSc and MSc level, and 28 PhD students with a staff of 35.

## Directors

Directors since 1956
* 1956 - 1956 : Jan Tinbergen
* 1956 - 1966 : Henri Theil
* 1966 - 1971 : Jan Sandee
* 1971 - 1982 : Willem Somermeyer
* 1982 - 1987 : Alexander Rinnooy Kan (co-director)
* 1982 - 1992 : Teun Kloek (co-director)
* 1987 - 1992 : Harm Bart (co-director)
* 1992 - 1998 : Ton Vorst
* 1998 - 2003 : Herman K. van Dijk
* 2004 - 2006 : Philip Hans Franses
* 2006 – 2014 : Albert Wagelmans
* 2014 – 2020: Patrick Groenen
* 2020 - present: Dennis Fok
# EcoHouse Group

EcoHouse Group Developments Ltd and EcoHouse Developments Ltd are defunct UK companies, registered in England and Wales.
The companies claimed to have been specialising in the construction of social housing through the Brazilian government's Minha Casa, Minha Vida programme; however, in August 2014 the Brazilian Embassy in Singapore (where Ecohouse attracted many investors) stated that the company had no relationship with the Brazilian government.
In November 2014 it appeared the company was not on the government's list of participants in the scheme, and the companies are subject to fraud investigations by the Brazilian police.

## Background

Launched in 2007 by Anthony Armstrong Emery, it offered investors 20% return on their £23,000 investments after 12 months.
EcoHouse stopped selling Brazilian properties in Singapore after investors filed against the company for failing to return investment money on time.
In August 2014, after Ecohouse closed its Singapore offices suddenly, the Brazilian Embassy there denied any relationship between the Brazilian government and Ecohouse, stating that there is "no link whatsoever" and that they "feel sorry for these investors". Ecohouse was apparently not regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. The Brazilian tax authorities in 2014 stated that the company had been under investigation for 8 months.
In 2019 the directors were banned from being involved in the running of companies for 14 years.
# Eddie Higgins (album)

Eddie Higgins is an eponymous album by jazz pianist Eddie Higgins recorded in Chicago in 1960–61 and released by the Vee-Jay label.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Eddie Higgins except where noted
* "Zarac, The Evil One" – 5:14
* "Falling in Love With Love" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 4:34
* "You Leave Me Breathless" (Friedrich Hollaender) – 4:25
* "AB's Blues" – 2:29
* "Blues for Big Scotia" (Oscar Peterson) – 4:05
* "Foot's Bag" – 7:12
* "Satin Doll" (Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Johnny Mercer) – 4:19

## Personnel

* Eddie Higgins – piano
* Paul Serrano – trumpet (tracks 1, 3 & 6)
* Frank Foster – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 3 & 6)
* Jim Atlas (tracks 1, 3 & 6), Richard Evans (tracks 2, 4, 5 & 7) – bass
* Marshall Thompson – drums
# Eddie Heywood Sr.

Edward Heywood Sr. (c. 1901 – April 2, 1942) was an American blues and jazz pianist, popular in the 1910s and 1920s.

## Biography

Eddie Heywood Sr. was a famed pianist of the 81 Theater on Decatur Street in Atlanta, Georgia. He took over that role from Ed Butler around 1912. He recorded songs for Okeh Records, playing solo and also accompanying performers such as Mamie Smith, Sara Martin, Texas Alexander, and Butterbeans and Susie. He taught piano to his son, Eddie Heywood Jr.
He first recorded songs for Okeh in New York in May 1923. In June of that year he accompanied Lucille Bogan on "The Pawn Shop Blues" in Atlanta, a song he had composed. This was the first time a black blues singer had been recorded outside New York or Chicago.
He recorded "The Pawn Shop Blues" again in New York in September 1923 with Martha Copeland on vocals.
# Wolgan River

The Wolgan River, a watercourse of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia.

## Course and features

Formed by the confluence of Carne Creek (also called Wolgan River (Eastern Branch)) and Wolgan River (Western Branch), the headwaters of the Wolgan River rise on the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, northeast of Wallerawang, near Lithgow, and flows generally north by west, north, northeast, east northeast, southeast by east, and northeast by east before reaching its confluence with the Capertee River, below Mount Morgan, east of Glen Davis. The river descends 897 metres (2,943 ft) over its 63-kilometre (39 mi) course.
The majority of the river lies within Wollemi National Park; flows through the Wolgan Valley; past the deserted settlement of Newnes; and is contained within the Greater Blue Mountains Area UNESCO World Heritage Site.
# English cricket team in South Africa in 1930–31

The England cricket team toured South Africa during the 1930–31 season, playing five Test matches against the South Africa national team and 15 tour matches (11 first-class under the banner of the Marylebone Cricket Club against local sides. The tour began on 8 November 1930 with a match against Western Province and ended on 10 March 1931 at the conclusion of another match against the same side. The five Tests were played between 24 December 1930 and 25 February 1931. The Test series was won 1–0 by South Africa, who won the first Test, with the remaining four being drawn.

## Test series
### 1st Test

* 24–27 December 1930 Scorecard
* South Africa won by 28 runs Old Wanderers, Johannesburg Umpires: WT Ryan and GB Treadwell
* England won the toss and elected to field.
* SH Curnow, KG Viljoen, XC Balaskas and ES Newson (SA) made their test debuts.

### 2nd Test

* 1–5 January 1931 Scorecard
* Match drawn Newlands, Cape Town Umpires: JC Collings and WT Ryan
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* This was the first Test in South Africa to be played on a turf pitch; all 40 previous Test matches in the country had been played on matting, as were the following two games in this series.

### 3rd Test

* 16–20 January 1928 Scorecard
* Match drawn Kingsmead, Durban Umpires: JC Collings and AC King
* South Africa won the toss and elected to bat.
* For the first time, eleven different counties were represented in England's team

### 4th Test

* 13–17 February 1931 Scorecard
* Match drawn Old Wanderers, Johannesburg Umpires: JC Collings and AC King
* England won the toss and elected to bat.

### 5th Test

* 21–25 February 1931 Scorecard
* Match drawn Kingsmead, Durban Umpires: JC Collings and AC King
* England won the toss and elected to field.
* JAK Cochran (SA) made his Test debut.
* The start of the match was delayed by 20 minutes because the correct size bails were unavailable and the umpires had to make two sets.
# Environmental soil science

Environmental soil science is the study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere as well as critical aspects of the biosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere. Environmental soil science addresses both the fundamental and applied aspects of the field including: buffers and surface water quality, vadose zone functions, septic drain field site assessment and function, land treatment of wastewater, stormwater, erosion control, soil contamination with metals and pesticides, remediation of contaminated soils, restoration of wetlands, soil degradation, nutrient management, movement of viruses and bacteria in soils and waters, bioremediation, application of molecular biology and genetic engineering to development of soil microbes that can degrade hazardous pollutants, land use, global warming, acid rain, and the study of anthropogenic soils, such as terra preta. Much of the research done in environmental soil science is produced through the use of models.
# Alberto B. Gutiérrez

General Alberto B. Gutiérrez was a Cristero officer who participated in the Cristero War. He held the rank of general. General Alberto B. Gutierrez was given by the night of May 23, in the morning, to fly dynamite in the Black Bridge and Tunnel railway that runs from Colima, Colima to Manzanillo, Colima, plus trash the railroad to prevent federal forces under General Heliodorus Charis from entering Manzanillo to defend the place. To achieve his mission, he was given a mule with a bomb in Camotlán de Miraflores. Gutierrez missed the train and did not solitary confine to Manzanillo.
# Odites repetita

Odites repetita is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1932. It is found in Uganda.
# Fred McKenzie (politician)

Fred Evan McKenzie OAM (1 December 1933 – 18 March 2008) was an Australian trade unionist and politician who served as a Labor Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1977 to 1993.
McKenzie was born in Perth. After leaving school, he worked as a plasterer for a period and then joined the Midland Railway Company, later transferring to Western Australian Government Railways. From 1970 to 1977, McKenzie was assistant state secretary of the Australian Railways Union. He entered parliament at the 1977 state election, winning election to the new East Metropolitan Province. That seat was abolished at the 1983 election, and McKenzie transferred to North-East Metropolitan Province, replacing Joe Berinson. After the election, he was made government whip in the Legislative Council, a position which he held until his retirement. At the 1989 election, McKenzie was elected to the new four-member East Metropolitan Region. He served one more four-year term before retiring at the 1993 election. McKenzie was awarded the Order of Australia Medal in 2001, for "service to the community in the Belmont area, particularly through support for aged care and charitable organisations". He died in March 2008, aged 74.
# Miguel Ángel Cárcano

Miguel Ángel Cárcano (18 July 1889 – 9 May 1978) was an Argentinian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs during the presidency of Arturo Frondizi, between 1961 and 1962, and Ambassador of Argentina to France and to United Kingdom.
He was born in Córdoba, to Ramón J. Cárcano, politician. He graduated in Law from the National University of Córdoba and in 1917 he earned the National Prize of Literature for his book Evolución histórica del régimen de la tierra pública, about the agrarian situation of Argentina.
He was elected National Deputy for Córdoba province and was part of the team which negotiate the Roca–Runciman Treaty in 1933. In 1936 to 1938 he was Minister of Agriculture designated by president Agustín P. Justo.
He died in Buenos Aires on 9 May 1978.
# Miguel Ángel Estrella

Miguel Ángel Estrella (4 July 1940 – 7 April 2022) was an Argentine pianist, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, and a juror of the Russell Tribunal.
As a pianist, he numbered Celia de Bronstein, Erwin Leuchter, and Nadia Boulanger among his mentors.
He was born in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. He went into exile in 1976 during the National Reorganization Process and was imprisoned and tortured in 1977 by the Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay. He was released in 1980.
From 2007 to 2016 he was the Argentine ambassador to the UNESCO and in 2010 he performed in the Estudio País Bicentenario programme broadcast by the state-run Canal Siete. On 11 March 2013, he was honoured by the Argentine Senate for his career and his defense of human rights.
The French government distinguished him with the appointment of Knight of the Legion of Honour.
He died April 7th 2022 in Ivry-sur-Seine (France).
# Oblique dendrite

An oblique dendrite is a dendrite that branches from an apical dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Oblique dendrites typically branch one to two times before terminating. Dendrites are extensions of the cell body of a neuron.

## Growth and development

The growth and development of oblique dendrites in rats has been linked to the type of environment, or condition, they are placed in. This is also known as environmental enrichment. The three types of conditions used in studies are an enriched conditioned, standard condition, and impoverished condition. The enriched condition contains mazes, an exercise wheel, other rats, and toys. The standard condition generally has a wheel for voluntary exercise and other rats. The impoverished condition only contains fellow rats.
Animals placed in an enriched environment had heavier, thicker cortexes and an increase in the number of dendritic branches (including oblique dendrites) in the hippocampus than the standard or impoverished condition. This phenomenon is known as neuroplasticity. Furthermore, the enriched condition may show in increase in monoamine neurotransmitter release such as serotonin and noradrenaline which have been linked to synaptic plasticity and learning. This is important because an increase in oblique dendrites and dendritic branching allows for increased neurotransmitter uptake. Environmental enrichment is crucial in early brain development due to increase formation of synapses, or synaptogenesis. This results in an increase in oblique dendrites and dendritic branching.

## Effects on oblique dendrites from Alzheimer’s disease

The beta amyloid peptide, which may lead to the formation of amyloid plaques, has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. The peptide has been shown to block A-type voltage-gated potassium channel in pyramidal cell dendrites; the thin branches of the oblique dendrites are especially susceptible to disruption from the beta amyloid blockage of the A-type potassium channels which may lead to decline in cognitive function in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
# Miguel Cabanellas

Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer (1 January 1872 – 14 May 1938) was a Spanish Army officer. He was a leading figure of the 1936 coup d'état in Zaragoza and sided with the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War.

## Biography

Born on 1 January 1872 in Cartagena, he joined the army in 1889. A cavalry officer, as a major he managed the creation of the African Regular troops (Moroccan troops in the Spanish army). In August 1921 he participated in the reconquest of the surroundings of Melilla, occupied by rebel Rifian forces after the Battle of Annual. He was promoted to brigadier general and made envoy to the island of Menorca as military governor. Miguel Primo de Rivera permitted him to go into the reserves in 1926, which led him to participate in a revolt frustrated in 1929. For his support of the republicans, on 17 April 1931 the provisional government of the Republic named him commander-in-chief of Andalusia. Later he was named commander of the troops in Morocco and, after the events of Castilblanco and Arnedo, replaced José Sanjurjo in the main directorate of the Civil Guard.
Cabanellas was a freemason. In 1934 he was a delegate of the Radical Republican Party. In July 1936 he was head of 5ª Organic division based in Zaragoza, where on 19 July he declared his support for the Nationalists. Due to his seniority, he was president of the National Defense Junta that on 21 September 1936 proclaimed Francisco Franco head of government and Generalissimo – though Cabanellas was the only one who dissented to this choice. He warned his fellow rebel generals that "You don’t know what you have done because you don’t know him as do I, given that he was under my command in the African Army… If you give him Spain, he is going to believe that it is his and he will not allow anyone to replace him in the war or after it, until his death." He was later Chief inspector of the Army until his death.
# Miguel Cabrera (disambiguation)

Miguel Cabrera (born 1983) is a Venezuelan baseball player in Major League Baseball.
Miguel Cabrera may also refer to:
* Miguel Cabrera (painter) (1695–1768), Mexican painter
* Miguel Cabrera Cabrera (born 1948), Spanish architect and politician
# Olaf Kaska

Olaf Kaska (born 15 January 1973) is a German coxswain. He won a gold medal at the 1998 World Rowing Championships in Cologne with the lightweight men's eight.
# Frederick Renner

Frederich Emil Renner (1821–1893) was a doctor who dispensed medical advice to the team working on the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in the Northern Territory of South Australia. His practice extended from Port Augusta to the Roper River, a distance of approximately 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi).
Renner Springs, a spring was named after him in 1872. In 1877, Dr. Renner saw a flock of birds while working on the Telegraph Line and found that the birds were drawn to the area by the natural springs.

## Personal life

Frederich Emil Renner was born on in Jena, Germany 14 October 1821. and died on 30 January 1893. He was married to Annie Buchanan Davie. They had eight children. Their fourth child was named Frederick August Renner who married Mary Agnes Muir in Albany, WA on 30 October 1889. Mary Muir was a member of the Muir family, which arrived in Western Australia in 1844.
Frederich Renner's father was Theobald Renner (b. Bremen 1779, d. Jena 1850) a professor for veterinary medicine in Jena, Germany. His great-grandfather was Caspar Friedrich Renner an administration servant and poet in Bremen, Germany.
Frederich Renner was registered on 18 July 1848 as one of the earliest doctors to appear in the Medical Register of South Australia. Dr Renner qualified at the University of Jena. He worked as a doctor at Wentworth, NSW from 1857 until the floods in 1870. In 1870 he returned to Adelaide where he was appointed medical officer to the Overland Telegraph construction parties.

## Diaries

In the early 1980s, Jose Petrick, a well-known historian in the Alice Springs area, was awarded a government grant to transcribe the diaries of Dr. Renner. The diaries were published in 1983 as The Renner Diaries.
# Verve (Sebastian Plano album)

Verve is a studio album by Sebastian Plano. The album received a Grammy Award nomination for Best New Age Album.
# Free University of Ireland

Free University of Ireland (Saor-Ollscoil na hÉireann) is an independent university in Prussia Street, Dublin, Ireland established in 1986 by a small group of educationalists including Daragh Smyth, Paul John Cannon, Kevin O'Byrne, Padraig O'Fiannachta, and Mairéad Ní Chíosóig. The university is a free and independent institute not in receipt of state funding. It is run by a board of governors, is a charitable trust, and has research college status. Lecturers and administrators are not paid; students are charged only a fee to cover administrative expenses.
The University provides tertiary education to degree standard in the humanities and social sciences for mature students. The building was the City Arms Hotel, frequented by James Joyce and mentioned several times in his novel Ulysses.

## BA in Liberal Arts

Subjects available for the BA in Liberal Arts include Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, Gaeilge(Irish), American Studies, Classical Studies, Irish History, EU Law, European Literature, European History, Media, Psychology, and Heritage studies.

### Credit System

Credits are awarded for course work on each subject taken and completion of a major thesis, 50 credits go for the course work and 50 for the thesis. Students normally take three subjects each year, with 5 credits available for each subject, with 10 subjects covered over a degree course. Credits are also awarded for work presented, participation in seminars, field trips and summer schools.

## Graduate school

Saor-Ollscoil offers further study options, such as MA and PhD by research.

## Graduation

Saor Ollscoil hosts a conferring ceremony for graduates each year, usually in the Mansion House, Dublin.

## Annual Summer School

In the third week of May each year the university hosts a themed summer school open also to non-students of the university. Examples include:
* 2014 - Seamus Heaney and Patrick Kavanagh - the life and work of two great Irish Poets
* 2013 - James Joyce
* 2012 - 1916, A Terrible Beauty or A Terrible Stupidity?
* 2010 - Seán O'Casey his Life and Works
* 2002 - Dublin Literary and Historical
* 2001 - Beyond the Screen: A Study of Film through the Genres
* 1999 - A festival of Folklore, Dance and Story (held in the National Museum Collins Barracks, Dublin)
* 1992 - Samuel Beckett Summer School (held in St. Stephens School, Northumberland Road Dublin)
* 1991 - Sean O'Casey Summer School

## People associated with Saor-Ollscoil na hÉireann

In 2012 the Chancellor Kevin (O')Byrne, a founder of Saor-Ollscoil and former Alderman and Dublin City councillor, died, and his wife Mairéad Ní Chíosóig replaced him as Chancellor. The board of governors of the university includes the historian Margaret MacCurtain, O.P., the former director of the National Museum of Ireland Patrick Wallace, and Brendan Duddy, S.J.