OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crassispira aster

Crassispira aster is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.5 mm.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Oligocene and lower Miocene strata in Aquitaine, France.
# Crassispira appressa

Crassispira appressa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 7.5 mm and 12 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico
# Crassispira aurea

Crassispira aurea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 20 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Tahiti and in the Society, Tuamotus and Gambier archipelagoes.
# Cristo del Pacífico

Cristo del Pacífico, "the Christ of the Pacific", is a 37-metre-high (121 ft) statue of Jesus erected in Lima, Peru, in 2011. Its erection was a gift from a consortium of Brazilian companies to the city of Lima, under former President Alan García, and described as a parting gift to the nation on occasion of his leaving office after the 2011 presidential election. It was inspired by the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro.

## Height

At 37 metres (121 feet) including its pedestal, and 22 m (72 ft) without, the statue is smaller than the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro, which measures 39.6 m (130 ft), 30 m (98 ft) without its pedestal.
# Masurian District

The Masurian District, also known as the District of East Prussia, and designated as the 4th District, was a district that acted as an provisional administrative division of Poland, during the administration of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland in 1945, and the Provisional Government of National Unity from 1945 to 1946. It was centered around the areas of Masuria, Powiśle and Warmia.
It was established as one of four provisional districts on 14 March 1945.
On 25 September 1945, areas near its western border were incorporated into the Gdańsk Voivodeship, while the areas near its eastern border, to the Białystok Voivodeship. In December 1945, the Polish administration in Iławka was expelled by the Soviets, and the town, which was originally supposed to belong to Poland with the original border set one kilometer north of the town, was annexed to the Soviet Union. The Masurian District existed until 28 June 1946, when it was abolished and replaced with the Olsztyn Voivodeship.
The head of the district was the attorney-in-fact Stanisław Piaskowski.

## Gallery

* The administrative subdivisions of Poland from 25 September 1945 to 24 June 1946, including the District of Western Pomerania.
* Map from 1946
# Fabriciana

Fabriciana is a genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae, commonly found in Europe and Asia. The genus was erected by T. Reuss (T. Reuß) in 1920.

## Taxonomy

This taxon used to be considered a subgenus of Argynnis, but has been reestablished as a separate genus in 2017.

## Species

Listed alphabetically:
| Scientific name | Distribution |
| Fabriciana adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – high brown fritillary | Europe and throughout Asia and Africa |
| Fabriciana argyrospilata (Kotzsch, 1938) | Afghanistan, the western Pamirs, Pakistan, and northwest India |
| Fabriciana auresiana (Fruhstorfer, 1908) | Morocco |
| Fabriciana elisa (Godart, [1824]) – Corsican fritillary | Corsica and Sardinia |
| Fabriciana hallasanensis Okano, 1998 | Korea |
| Fabriciana jainadeva (Moore, 1864) | India |
| Fabriciana kamala (Moore, 1857) | Himalayas, Tibet, Kashmir and Kashmir - northwest India |
| Fabriciana nerippe (C. & R. Felder, 1862) | Japan, Korea, China |
| Fabriciana niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) – Niobe fritillary | the United Kingdom and Northern Europe, and is also found in Siberia, Russia, Iran, China, and Korea |
| Fabriciana vorax (Butler, 1871) | Japan, Korea, Northeast and Central China |
| Fabriciana xipe (Grum-Grshimailo, 1891) | China, Mongolia and Korea. |
# Fabriciana elisa

Fabriciana elisa, the Corsican fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Corsica and Sardinia. This is a mountain butterfly, found on grassy vegetation in clearings in deciduous woods.

## Description in Seitz

The wingspan is 45–60 mm. A. elisa Godt. (= cyrene Bon., eliza Lang) (69b). The same size as clara, but distinctly a transition to aglaja. Rather variable, above fiery brown-red to light orange-yellow, the black markings rather small and at the distal margin almost obsolete. The hindwing beneath entirely dusted over with green, sometimes a small patch before the distal margin excepted; the silver-spots numerous but small, angular, sometimes reduced to heavy dots or comma-spots, the central ones having usually a dark edge. — The species is restricted to the mountains of Corsica and Sardinia, where it is locally abundant in June and July, for instance on the Monte Gennargentu near Lanusei.

## Biology

Adults are on wing from July to August. The larvae feed on Viola species, including Viola tricolor, Viola biflora, Viola reichenbachiana and Viola corsica. They prefer plants growing under juniper bushes.
# Fabriciana argyrospilata

Fabriciana argyrospilata is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It has an eastern range in the Palearctic realm – Afghanistan, the western Pamirs, Pakistan, and northwest India. The species was first described by Hans Kotzsch in 1938.
# Fabrizio Paolucci (bishop)

Fabrizio Paolucci (1565 – 30 January 1625) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Città della Pieve (1605–1625).

## Biography

Fabrizio Paolucci was born in Forlì, Italy in 1565.
On 3 August 1605, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Città della Pieve. On 7 August 1605, he was consecrated bishop by Alfonso Visconti, Bishop of Spoleto.
He served as Bishop of Città della Pieve until his death on 30 January 1625.
# Fabrizio Pasqua

Fabrizio Pasqua is an Italian football referee in Serie A.

## Career
### Early Career (1998 - 2013)

Pasqua began his career as a referee in 1998 in Serie D, subsequently working as a referee for Serie C, Lega Pro, Serie B and finally Serie A. His Serie A debut took place on 11 May 2013, in Catania - Pescara (1-0), assisted by the assistants Maurizio Liberti and Giovanni Colella.
He has also refereed in the Coppa Italia.

### Serie-A (2013 - present)

In the 2017-2018 season, he refereed 15 matches. He won the Stefano Farina Award in 2019.
# Creatures of the Night (comics)

Creatures of the Night is a graphic novel by Neil Gaiman which reprints two different short stories ("The Price" and "Daughter of Owls") from his collection Smoke and Mirrors with elaborate illustrations by artist Michael Zulli.

## Stories

In "The Price" a middle-aged writer living with his family in rural England adopts a stray black cat. Every night the cat shows signs of desperate combat resulting in serious wounds. During a four-day period during which the cat is confined to the basement to aid its recovery, the writer experiences several harsh misfortunes which are suddenly resolved when he allows the cat to leave. When the writer stays up one night to see who is fighting the cat, he sees a demonic, shapeshifting creature he believes to be the Devil approach his home, only to be driven off at great cost by the black cat. The story ends with the writer "selfishly" wondering how long the cat can keep defending his home and family.
"Daughter of Owls" takes place in some 17th-century English village, with a framing device set in Victorian or early Edwardian times. An infant foundling girl is discovered with owl feathers in her basket and an owl pellet clutched in one hand. The women of the village believe her to be a witch or other supernatural creature of evil and suggest that she be put to death. However, the elder men of the village give her instead to a former nun living in a ruined convent. The girl grows up as a feral child—because no human voice ever speaks to her—and when she matures her beauty sparks inspires the men of the village to make a disastrous plan to exploit her.

## Credits

Written by Neil Gaiman
Art by: Michael Zulli
* This Dark Horse Comics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Aphnaeus chapini

Aphnaeus chapini is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.

## Subspecies

* Aphnaeus chapini chapini (Democratic Republic of Congo: Uele)
* Aphnaeus chapini occidentalis Clench, 1963 (Cameroon, Congo)
* Aphnaeus chapini ugandae Stempffer, 1961 (Uganda)
# Custos Rotulorum of Surrey

This is a list of people who have served as Custos Rotulorum of Surrey.
* Sir Thomas Pope bef. 1544–1559
* William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham bef. 1562–1573
* Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln 1573–1585
* Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1585–1618
* Sir Edward Howard 1618–1620
* Sir Francis Howard 1620 – aft. 1621
* Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel 1624–1636
* Henry Howard, Baron Maltravers 1636–1646
* Interregnum
* John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt 1660–1675
* George Berkeley, 1st Earl of Berkeley 1675–1689
* Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk 1689
* George Berkeley, 1st Earl of Berkeley 1689–1698
* Charles Berkeley, 2nd Earl of Berkeley 1699–1710
* James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley 1710–1736
* Thomas Onslow, 2nd Baron Onslow 1737–1740
For later custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Surrey.
# Dylan Ryan (drummer)

Dylan Ryan (drummer) (born 1979 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American drummer and composer. He led the progressive-jazz sextet, Herculaneum, and the Los Angeles–based guitar, bass, and drums trio, Dylan Ryan / Sand. He is a founding member, along with Dave (The Diminisher) McDonnell, of Chicago's experimental rock trio, Michael Columbia. He has also performed with Icy Demons, Tim Kasher, Cursive, and Rainbow Arabia.
Dylan Ryan's drumming style with Sand has been compared to Ginger Baker, John Bonham, and Stewart Copeland. In January 2013, Dylan Ryan / Sand released their debut album, Sky Bleached on Cuneiform Records. The second Dylan Ryan / Sand recording, Circa, was released on Cuneiform Records in September 2014.
In 2017, Dylan Ryan formed a new band called Ether Feather and released an E.P. entitled Other Memory. In 2019, Ether Feather released their follow-up album, Devil Shadowless Hand.
Dylan Ryan joined Man Man in 2018 under the moniker Jazz Diesel.

## Selected discography
### Ether Feather

* Devil Shadowless Hand – 2019
* Other Memory – 2017

### Dylan Ryan / Sand

* Circa – Cuneiform Records, 2014
* Sky Bleached – Cuneiform Records, 2013

### Herculaneum

* UCHŪ – 2012
* Olives & Orchids – 2010
* III – Clean Feed Records, 2009
* Orange Blossom – 482 Music, 2006

### with Man Man

* Beached/Witch (single) – Sub Pop, 2019

### with Tim Kasher

* No Resolution – 15 Passenger, 2017
* Adult Film – Saddle Creek, 2013

### with Icy Demons

* Miami Ice – 2008
* Tears of a Clone – 2006

### Michael Columbia

* These are Colored Bars (2004)
* Stay Hard (2006)

### with Rainbow Arabia

* FM Sushi – Kompakt, 2013

### with The Diminisher

* Imaginary Volcano – 2006
# Vibrate (disambiguation)

Vibrate refers to the act of vibration. Vibrate may also refer to:
* Vibrate (The Manhattan Transfer album), a 2004 album by The Manhattan Transfer
* Vibrate: The Best of Rufus Wainwright, a 2014 album by Rufus Wainwright
* "Vibrate", a song by Outkast from their 2003 album, Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
* "Vibrate", a song by Rufus Wainwright from his 2003 album, Want One
* "Vibrate", a song by Petey Pablo from his 2004 album, Still Writing in My Diary: 2nd Entry
* "Vibrate", a song by English DJ Tazer released in 2016 as a single
* "Psilocybae (Millennial Love)", a song by Childish Gambino originally titled "Vibrate"
# Ditisheim

The Ditisheims are a prominent dynasty of Swiss Jewish industrialists. Immigrating first to Hégenheim, France, then to La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 1858 to escape religious persecution, Jacques Ditisheim and his descendants were instrumental in the development of the Swiss watchmaking industry. The Ditisheims have links with other prominent industrialist families of Swiss watchmaking, including the Gallets, Eberhards, Vogels and Blums, forming a close inner circle which led the country's industry during the 19th and 20th centuries.

## Notable members

Notable members of the Ditisheim family:
* Maurice Ditisheim, founder of the Vulcain manufacture
* Achilles Ditisheim, founder of the Movado manufacture
* Paul Ditisheim, founder of the Solvil et Titus manufacture

## Ditisheims' manufactures

* Vulcain (watch company) (1858)
* Movado (1881)
* Solvil et Titus (1892)
# Delia (clothing)

The delia (Polish pronunciation:) is a garment worn by male szlachta (nobility) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The delia is similar to a coat or cloak, and was worn over the żupan from the 16th until the early 18th century.
The delia was usually fashioned from wool, cotton, or velvet, and finished with fur. The typical delia had short, loose, unsewn sleeves, and was fastened with metal buttons over the breast. The delia was of Oriental origin and the word itself came to Poland in the mid-16th century from Turkey.
# David Gunnarsson

David Gunnarsson (born February 20, 1994) is a Swedish professional ice hockey center. He is currently playing with Örnsköldsviks HF of Division 1. He formerly played in the top tier Swedish Hockey League (SHL) with Modo Hockey.
Gunnarsson made his Elitserien (now the SHL) debut playing with Modo Hockey during the 2012–13 Elitserien season.
# Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television

Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television is a 1978 book by Jerry Mander, "who argues that many of the problems with television are inherent in the medium and technology itself, and thus cannot be reformed".
Mander was an advertiser for 15 years, with five of them as a president and partner of Freeman, Mander, & Gossage, a San Francisco advertising agency.

## Background

This is the first book that collects information from various sources to determine how the wide availability of television affects society. Mander believes that "television and democratic society are incompatible" due to television removing all of society's senses except for seeing and hearing. The author states that television makes it so that people have no common sense which leads to, as Cornell University professor Rose K. Golden wrote for the journal Contemporary Sociology, being "powerless to reject the camera's line of sight, reset the stage, or call on our own sensory apparatus to correct the doctored sights and sounds the machine delivers". Mander's four arguments in the book to eliminate television are that telecommunication removes the sense of reality from people, television promotes capitalism, television can be used as a scapegoat, and that all three of these issues negatively work together.
A 1979 review of the book from The Cambridge Quarterly stated that 99% of American homes had a television with millions of people watching it for several hours per day. Mander stated that television audiences are "either a wanton debasement of values or a towering obstacle to social change" while others have wanted to protest for changes to television programs, its controllers, and its bad effects. The thesis is that "reform is impossible" due to television and that all television should be abolished. The author came to his conclusion while he was working in advertising for 15 years. The book's sources include his own life experience, science fiction, and Zen.

## Reception

Michael Comber of The Cambridge Quarterly disagreed with Mander's arguments, stating that television has room for multiple ideologies and that "technology need not be viewed as a monolithic ogre, outside our control, incapable of reform, and at best fit for only elimination". However, Comber concluded the review with, "In order to transform television, one must first understand how television works. To this understanding Mander's book makes a useful contribution." Kirkus Reviews wrote, "In the end, the author admits the dominant position of TV in our society and concedes he has no earthly idea of how to bring about its demise. It might be termed an exercise in futility were it not for the intriguing notions it offers."
# Nucleobase cation symporter-2

The Nucleobase cation symporter-2 (NCS2) family, also called the Nucleobase ascorbate transporter (NAT) family, consists of over 1000 sequenced proteins derived from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants and animals. The NCS2/NAT family is a member of the APC Superfamily of secondary carriers. Of the five known families of transporters that act on nucleobases, NCS2/NAT is the only one that is most widespread. Many functionally characterized members are specific for nucleobases including both purines and pyrimidines, but others are purine-specific. However, two closely related rat/human members of the family, SVCT1 and SVCT2, localized to different tissues of the body, co-transport L-ascorbate (vitamin C) and Na$^+$ with a high degree of specificity and high affinity for the vitamin. Clustering of NCS2/NAT family members on the phylogenetic tree is complex, with bacterial proteins and eukaryotic proteins each falling into at least three distinct clusters. The plant and animal proteins cluster loosely together, but the fungal proteins branch from one of the three bacterial clusters forming a tighter grouping. E. coli possesses four distantly related paralogous members of the NCS2 family.

## Structure

Proteins of the NCS2 family are 414–650 amino acyl residues in length and probably possess 14 TMSs. Lu et al. (2011) have concluded from x-ray crystallography that UraA (2.A.40.1.1) has 14 TMSs with two 7 TMS inverted repeats. Uracil is located at the interface between the two domains.

### Crystal structures

Uracil permease, UraA UraA with bound uracil at 2.8Å resolution PDB: 3QE7​.

## Transport reaction

The generalized transport reactions catalyzed by proteins of the NAT/NCS2 family are:
    Nucleobase (out) H$^+$ (out) → Nucleobase (in) H$^+$ (in).
    Ascorbate (out) Na$^+$ (out) → Ascorbate (in) Na$^+$ (in).

## Characterized proteins

Several proteins make up the NCS2/NAT family. A full list of these proteins can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. A few types of proteins that make up the NCS2/NAT family include:
* Xanthine permeases, including PbuX (XanP) of Bacillus subtilis (TC# 2.A.40.3.1), involved in cellular xanthine transport.
* Uric acid permeases, including PucJ of Bacillus subtilus (TC# 2.A.40.3.2), which promotes uptake of uric acid into the cell in limiting-nitrogen conditions.
* Uracil permeases, including UraA of E. coli (TC# 2.A.40.1.1), which facilitates Uracil uptake.
* Pyrimidine permeases, including RutG of E. coli (TC# 2.A.40.1.3)
* Purine permeases, including YcpX of Clostridium perfringens (TC# 2.A.40.2.1)
# OR1L3

Olfactory receptor 1L3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1L3 gene.
Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.
# Fourth power law

The fourth power law (also known as the fourth power rule) states that the stress on the road caused by a motor vehicle increases in proportion to the fourth power of its axle load. This law was discovered in the course of a series of scientific experiments in the United States in the late 1950s and was decisive for the development of standard construction methods in road construction.

## Background

At the beginning of the 1950s, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) dealt with the question of how the size of the axle load affects the service life of a road pavement. For this purpose, a test track was built in Ottawa, Illinois, which consisted of six loops, each with two lanes. The lanes were paved with both asphalt and concrete of varying thicknesses. In the two-year test, trucks with different axle loads then drove the roads almost continuously. The test was called the AASHO Road Test.
When evaluating the series of tests, it was found that there is a connection between the thickness of the pavement, the number of load transfers and the axle load, and that these have a direct effect on the service life and condition of a road. The service life of the road is thereby reduced with approximately the fourth power of the axle load. The accuracy of the law of the fourth power is disputed among experts, since the test results depend on many other factors, such as climatic conditions, in addition to the factors mentioned above.

## Calculation examples

This example illustrates how a car and a truck affect the surface of a road differently according to the fourth power law.
* Car (total weight 2 tonnes, 2 axles): load per axle: 1 tonnes
* Truck (total weight 30 tonnes, 3 axles): load per axle: 10 tonnes
$10^{4}=10\cdot 10\cdot 10\cdot 10=10,000$ times as large
The load on the road from one axle (2 wheels) is 10 times greater for a truck than for a car. However, the fourth power law says that the stress on (damage to) the road is this ratio raised to the fourth power.
       The road stress ratio of truck to car is 10,000 to 1.
# Micropholis emarginata

Micropholis emarginata is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Micropholis maguirei

Micropholis maguirei is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.