OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Timeline of the English poor law system

The following article presents a timeline of the poor law system in England from its origins in the Tudor and Elizabethan era to its abolition in 1948.

## 1300s

* 1344- Royal Ordinance stated that lepers should leave London.
* 1388- Statute of Cambridge passed.

## 1400s

* 1494- Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494 was passed.
* 1499- Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1494 was disputed in parliament.

## 1500s

* 1597 - The Act for the Relief of the Poor 1597 provides the first complete code of Poor Relief

## 1600s

* 1601 - Old Poor Law passed. This would remain the basis of the Poor Law system until 1834
* 1662 - Poor Relief Act 1662 passed to deal with the problems of settlement
* 1697 - Poor Act 1697 passed

## 1700s

* 1723 - the workhouses decided to give jobs to the poor so there wouldn't been so much of them on the street
* 1782 - Relief of the Poor Act 1782 passed.

## 1800s

* 1815 - The French Wars come to an end.
* 1830 - The Swing Riots highlight the possibility of agricultural unrest.
* 1832 - The Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws begins its investigation into the Poor Law system
* 1834 - Poor Law Amendment Act passed
* 1842 - Outdoor Labour Test Order allows outdoor relief despite the Poor Law Amendment Act's ban on it
* 1844 - Outdoor Relief Prohibitory Order issued to further discourage outdoor relief
* 1847 - The Poor Law Commission is abolished and replaced by the Poor Law Board
* 1848 - The Huddersfield workhouse scandal occurs.
* 1865 - The Union Chargeability Act 1865 is passed
* 1867 - The Second Reform Act
* 1871 - The Local Government Board takes the powers of the Poor Law Board

## 1900s

* 1905 - Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress 1905-09 set up by the outgoing Conservative government.
* 1906 - The Liberal Government is elected and begins an ambitious programme of welfare reforms.
* 1909 - The Minority report
* 1929 - The workhouse system is abolished by the Local Government Act 1929.
* 1948 - The Poor Law system abolished by the National Assistance Act 1948 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 29).
# Chingai

Chingai is a village located north of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is one of the seven sub-divisional headquarters of Ukhrul district. The village partially connected by National Highway 150, Imphal-Kohima road via Jessami. Chingai is also one of the 60 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Manipur and Khashim Vashum is the Member of Ligislative Assembly (MLA) elected from this constituency & Minister of 1.Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Dept. 2. Transportation dept. of government of Manipur.[ The village is flanked by Awang Kasom in the west, Khamasom in the south, Somrah Tract in the east and Kharasom in the north.

## Total population

As per 2011 census, Chingai has 239 households with the total of 1118 people of which 574 are male and 544 are female. Of the total population, 148 were in the age group of 0–6 years. The average sex ratio of Chingai village is 948 female to 1000 male which is lower than the state average of 985. The literacy rate of the village stands at 61.75%.

## People and occupation

The village is home to people of Tangkhul Naga tribe. Majority of the inhabitants are Christians. Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants. The village is known in the district for its scnery. Being a sub-divisional headquarter, the village is home to a number of government offices.
# Dave Albright

David J. Albright (January 25, 1960 – January 26, 2023) was an American gridiron football linebacker who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played high school football for Marina High School and college football at Chabot College. He later transferred to San Jose State University and played for the Spartans. From 1986 to 1991, Albright recorded 377 tackles and 12 sacks with the Roughriders over 76 games.

## Professional career

In 1985, Albright played with the Memphis Showboats of the United States Football League (USFL) and helped them reach the semifinals. When the USFL folded the following year, the Saskatchewan Roughriders signed Albright. He played in eight regular season games as a rookie in the CFL, but he made no tackles. In 1987, Albright broke out with 118 tackles and two sacks, setting the record for most defensive tackles in a season. Albright continued to play a major role the following season with 92 tackles and five sacks.
Albright's 1989 season was hampered by injuries. In July, he pulled his leg muscles. He broke his left hand later in the season, but continued playing in a cast until he also broke his right arm. Albright's arm required surgery and he missed six games. While recovering, Albright also had knee surgery to remove damaged cartilage that had bothered him since the first game of the season. He returned in time for the playoffs and contributed to the Roughriders' championship run. In the West semifinal, Albright intercepted Calgary Stampeders quarterback Danny Barrett. He also recovered a fumble for a 62-yard touchdown in the West final and was credited by Toronto Star reporter Paul Hunter with "turn[ing] the momentum" against the Edmonton Eskimos in the 32–21 upset. The Roughriders went on to win the 77th Grey Cup against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 43–40. Albright ended the regular season with 79 tackles.
In the 1990 season, Albright again missed substantial time due to injury after requiring foot surgery. He ended the season with 44 tackles after playing in eleven regular season games. Albright made 44 tackles and one sack across nine games in 1991 before retiring.

## Death

Albright died of a heart attack on January 26, 2023, the day after his 63rd birthday.

### Season statistics

| Year | Team | GP | Tkls | Sacks | FR | INT |
| 1986 | SAS | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1987 | SAS | 18 | 118 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 1988 | SAS | 18 | 92 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| 1989 | SAS | 12 | 79 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 1990 | SAS | 11 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1991 | SAS | 9 | 44 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 76 | 377 | 12 | 8 | 1 |
# Dave Klug

David John Klug (born May 17, 1958) is a former professional American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Kansas City Chiefs. He played college football at Concordia College (MN).
# Dave Kneebone

Dave Kneebone is an American television producer. Along with Eric Wareheim and Tim Heidecker, he founded and runs Abso Lutely Productions, which produces a variety of comedic television shows and films. His role has been described as the business chief and "straight man" at Abso Lutely. Kneebone has worked as a producer on a variety of television shows, including Comedy Bang! Bang!, Nathan for You, and Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!. He is also listed as a producer on the feature film Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie.
# David Boyd (singer)

David Sebastian Boyd (born 6 February 1988) is a Danish musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist, keyboardist and programmer of the alternative rock band New Politics.

## Early life

His mother is Swedish/Danish and his father is Irish American; he was born and raised in Copenhagen.

## Career

Boyd is an accomplished breakdancer. He appeared in modern dance productions choreographed by Steen Koerner and in a post-apocalyptic dance version of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.
With New Politics Boyd is known for his exotic dancing on stage and even "creating" a dance move called "Boyding", which involves standing on one's head otherwise known as the headstand.

## Personal life

He moved to Brooklyn, New York, with his bandmates in 2009 and spent a ton of time with Louis and friend Jesse Leo at Heartland Brewery where the song Harlem was first played.
In March 2017, Boyd and his girlfriend, American actress Christian Serratos, announced that they were expecting their first child together.
# Dave Griffiths (association footballer)

Dave Griffiths (born 25 May 1951) is an English footballer, who played as a full back in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers.
# David Kimutai Too

David Kimutai Too (August 23, 1968 – January 31, 2008) was a Kenyan politician affiliated to the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). He was a high school teacher and then a principal from Kericho in Rift Valley, Kenya before being elected to the National Assembly from Ainamoi Constituency from a field of 13 candidates in the December 2007 parliamentary election. Charles Keter, a fellow Member of Parliament, described Too as "a very humble, quiet man." The "List of alleged perpetrators" of the 2007/2008 post-electoral violence of the Kenya National Human Rights Commission however lists him among the suspects on place 3 (page 180) and charges him with "planning, incitement, and financing the violence".

## Death

Hon Too was shot dead by Andrew Moache, a policeman, on January 31, 2008. The shooting occurred during the same period as the rioting that swept Kenya following the disputed Kenyan 2007 presidential election.
He was killed along with his girlfriend, policewoman Eunice Chepkwony, who was also dating the police officer who shot them, Andrew Moache, according to the official account of the incident. It was found by account of witnesses during the court cases that Eunice and Too were parked in West Indies Estate in Eldoret Town. Andrew while trailing them on his government issued motorbike, got into a confrontation with Eunice outside the vehicle and shot her in self-defence. He then shot Too who emerged from the car with a gun. Eunice was shot on the thigh and chest while Too was shot on the shoulders, chest and received a fatal shot to the head. David Too died right away, and Eunice died while undergoing treatment at Moi Teaching and Refferal Hospital, Eldoret.

## Aftermath

Too's death sparked more riots, as public opinion- in part shaped by the utterances of ODM bigwigs- was that it was politically motivated since he was a member of the Kalenjin tribe which heavily supported Raila Odinga in the elections and was the second member of parliament of the ODM party killed that week (the first was Melitus Mugabe Were). Kenyan government officials rushed to deny any claims that it was politically motivated, claiming that it was a "crime of passion". However, rioters and the opposition movement denied this explanation, the ODM calling it an assassination, accusing the government of seeking to reduce the number of ODM Members of Parliament. Mediation talks with Kofi Annan were temporarily halted and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced that he would come to Kenya to assist in the mediation process.
Too's funeral, widely attended by opposition leaders, was held on February 9 in Chepkoiyo Village Poiywek in Ainamoi, Kericho. ODM Secretary-General Anyang Nyongo said at the funeral that "the blood of David Too must run to the door of those who stole the election". The subsequent Ainamoi constituency by-election was won by his brother Hon. Benjamin Langat.
# Chinese Black and White

The Chinese Black and White or Chinese Black Pied is a Chinese breed of dairy cattle. It derives from cross-breeding with local cows of black-and-white dairy cattle of various breeds imported since the 1870s from Canada, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. It is the most numerous dairy breed in China and is distributed throughout the country.

## History

Black-and-white dairy cattle were imported to major cities in China in the 1870s from Canada, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. After the Second World War large American Holstein-Friesians were imported, as was smaller Dutch Black Pied stock from the Netherlands. These at first gave rise to larger and smaller types within the Chinese breed, but these can no longer be distinguished. A herd-book was established in 1983. This records all pedigree cattle.

## Use

In 1982 the average milk yield of 270,000 cows was estimated at 4,461 kg (9,835 lb) per lactation of 305 days. The highest recorded individual yield in one lactation was 16,090 kg in 305 days, and the lifetime record was 100,897 kg in 10 lactations totalling 3,721 days.
The milk averages 3.3% fat in the southern part of the country, and 3.4% in the north.
# Vajjala Shiva Kumar

Vajjala Shiva Kumar is the a well known free verse Telugu poet. Vajjala Shiva Kumar was born in 1956 in Vemulawada, Karimnagar district, Telangana. He is the only son of Vajjala Samba Shiva Sharma and Radha Bai and was born and brought up in Vemulawada a temple town. Retired librarian from Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan.
His contribution to Telugu poetry has been recognized and appreciated by various literary bodies of Telugu language. His poetry has an immense touch of revolution with emphasis on "Human Values Plus Sentiments". His works include - Gogupuvvu, Palakankula Kala, Daakhala and Kalala Saagu(Cultivation of Dreams). His first work 'Gogupuvvu' was recognized with Free Verse Front award and had won the hearts of many Telugu language fans. His second work got 'CNARE' Puraskaram (the award in the name of poet Sri. Dr. C. Narayana Reddy).
His contribution to Telugu poetry has been recognized and appreciated by various literary bodies of Telugu language. He was conferred with Kundurti Free Verse Front Award for his Gogupuvvu in 1994 and the famous Cinare (Dr C Narayana Reddy) award for his work Palakankula Kala. His latest collection of poems Dakhala was selected and awarded by Andhra Saraswata Samiti. He was also felicitated with Mallojjala SadaShivudu award for the year 2017 recently, for his literary contributions.
His poetry comes with a stamp of nativity and depicts the pain the poet has for the diminishing human values. He speaks on vivid topics ranging from the hazards of the globalisation to the problems of the local people working in mines in the coal belt area of Godavarikhani.
During his career in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Schools he started Readers Club Movement to promote reading habits and to promote creative talents of the students. Until his last day of service he continued the publication of the online Magazine 'Librarys' (which he started). For his devoted contributions he was awarded the KVS Regional Incentive Award for the year 2015.
His poetry mostly carries the innocent scent of the dialect of Telangana. He shares his lifetime experiences in his poetry. Since 4 decades he is taking active role to establish many literary units to promote creative literary talents and to fight against the social injustice and evils.
# Chintalapadu, Chandarlapadu mandal

Chintalapadu is a village in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Chandarlapadu mandal of Vijayawada revenue division. It forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.
# Chilo ceylonica

Chilo ceylonica is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Hainan, China.

## Description

The wingspan is about 22 mm in the male and 26 mm in the female. It is an ochreous-brown moth with fuscous irrorations (speckles). Forewings with fuscous irroration forming streaks in the interspaces except on inner margin. There is an indistinct fulvous medial line curved below costa and with silvery scales on its edges. A submarginal silver line bent inwards below costa. A marginal black spots series found with white center. Cilia silvery. Hindwings whitish, tinged with fuscous on apical area on male. An indistinct marginal black specks series can be seen.
# Chilo bandra

Chilo bandra is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by A. P. Kapur in 1950. It is found in India.
# Vallenbrosa

Vallenbrosa is an English metal band from Petersfield, Hampshire, England, formed in late 2002. Their members include Nik Taylor-Stoakes (vocals), Simon McCarthy (lead guitar), Steve Stidolph (rhythm guitar), Russ Smith (Bass) and Dave Baker (Drums). As of 2006, they had released 3 albums, both were self-released, called Silenced and Hessian Mercenaries And “in the face of adversity” Singles from these albums include "Still Breathing" and "The Hessian".

## Influences

Vallenbrosa cite their influences from bands such as Pantera, Alice in Chains, Down, Faith No More and others. For instance, there is a distinct similarity to early Corrosion of Conformity, particularly elements of the lead guitar work of both Simon McCarthy and Steven Stidolph on single "The Hessian". The over-all sound has been described as "southern - style sludge".

## Career

In 2007, Vallenbrosa supported Sepultura's Dante XI World Tour. Following this, their self-released album Hessian Mercenaries was well received by fans and by Metal Hammer who noted that "Vallenbrosa are capable of expressing rage without resorting to stereotypical sonic violence". In September they were on the bill for butserfest. They played alongside Elliot Minor and Furthest Drive Home. In 2008, they garnered interest from Dave Mustaine of Megadeth, despite losing the supporting slot of Megadeth's 2008 European Tour of Duty to British thrash metallers Evile. Since then Vallenbrosa are under America's New World Artist Management, but currently remain unsigned.
They recorded their new album as of 2008 with Pete Miles in Devon, which was in August 2008 in Nashville, US, by Rob Coates and Vlado Meller, with a follow up gig at Nottingham Rock City on 30 August. They will also be performing with Malefice on 19 July at the Gedfest Festival Hall in Petersfield "Rock City". They are also on the bill for Butserfest on 12 September having also played the previous year. They played the unsigned stage at Bloodstock, England's biggest metal festival on 14 August 2009.

## Discography

* Hessian Mercenaries CD (2007, Self-released)
* In the Face of Adversity CD (2009, Self-released)
# Chitato

Chitato is a municipality of the province of Lunda Norte, in Angola. The population is 195,136 (2014 census). The municipality consists of the communes Luachimo and Dundo-Chitato.
It is served by Chitato Airport.
# Chitaura

Chitaura is a genus of grasshoppers in the subfamily Oxyinae found in tropical Asia.
Species include:
* Chitaura atrata Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura bivittata Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura brachyptera Bolívar, 1918 - type species (Sulawesi)
* Chitaura doloduo Storozhenko, 2018
* Chitaura elegans Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura flavolineata (Willemse, 1931)
* Chitaura indica Uvarov, 1929
* Chitaura linduensis Storozhenko, 2018
* Chitaura lucida (Krauss, 1902)
* Chitaura maculata (Willemse, 1938)
* Chitaura mengkoka Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura mirabilis (Carl, 1916)
* Chitaura moluccensis Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura ochracea Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura poecila Ramme, 1941
* Chitaura samanga (Carl, 1916)
* Chitaura striata Willemse, 1938
* Chitaura vidua (Carl, 1916)
# Chionodes trico

Chionodes trico is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Yukon and Alberta to New Mexico, Arizona and South Dakota.
# John Cheetham (manufacturer)

John Cheetham, (1802 – 18 May 1886) was the son of George Cheetham (1757–1826), a prosperous cotton manufacturer whose business was based at mills in Castle Street, Stalybridge, Cheshire and Bankwood Mills, Stalybridge. The family was Nonconformist in religion and Liberal in politics. He served as MP for South Lancashire and later Salford.
During the Lancashire Cotton Famine in 1861–65, Cheetham rose to prominence as President of the Cotton Supply Association: a body that aimed to promote the growth and export of raw cotton outside the US and particularly in the British Raj. As the US cotton supply returned however, Cheetham's frequent attacks on the governance of the Raj gradually caused opinion in Britain and India to turn against the Association, and it dissolved in 1872.
His son John Frederick Cheetham was MP for North Derbyshire and later for Stalybridge.
# Nor Aini Shariff

Nor Aini Shariff is a Malaysian fashion designer and founder of the JARUMAS label.
# Vittenburgfjella

Vittenburgfjella is a mountain range in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located at the eastern side of St. Jonsfjorden, surrounding the glacier of Paulbreen, and its highest peak is 895 m.a.s.l. The mountain range is named after Russian paleontologist Paul Vittenburg.
# Dyckia leptostachya

Dyckia leptostachya is a plant species in the genus Dyckia. This species is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.

## Cultivars

* Dyckia 'Lad Cutak'
* Dyckia 'Red Devil'
# Dielkou

Dielkou is a village in the Coalla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 996.

## Geography

Dielkou, an agropastoral locality scattered among several housing centers, is about 11km north of Coalla.

## Health and education

The nearest health center in Dielkou is the Bonsiéga health and social promotion center (HSPC).
# Lucina River

Lucina River can refer to
* Lucina River (Moldova) tributary of the Moldova River in Romania
* Lučina (river) tributary of the Ostravice in the Czech Republic
# Kani Department

Kani Department is a department of Worodougou Region in Woroba District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 131,428, and its seat was the settlement of Kani. The department’s sub-prefectures are Djibrosso, Fadiadougou, Kani, and Morondo.

## History

Kani Department was created in 2009 as a second-level subdivision via a split-off from Séguéla Department. At its creation, it was part of Worodougou Region.
In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Kani Department remained part of the retained Worodougou Region in the new Woroba District.
# Jordan Juron

Jordan Juron (born June 5, 1994) is an American ice hockey forward. She most recently played in the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL; renamed PHF in 2021) with the Buffalo Beauts during the 2020–21 season.

## Playing career

As a youth player, Juron played with the Troy Albany Youth Hockey boys teams, before switching to the girls' team at Middlesex School, a private secondary school in Concord, Massachusetts.
Across four years with the Boston University Terriers women's ice hockey program, Juron recorded 15 goals and 25 assists for 40 points in 141 games and won the Hockey East conference three times.
After graduating, Juron took a year away from ice hockey before signing her first professional contract with the Buffalo Beauts in the NWHL. She scored 2 points in her first two games with the Beauts, before the team lost in the Isobel Cup semi-finals. At the beginning of the 2018–19 season, she suffered a spine injury that forced her to miss most of the year.
In May 2019, Juron joined the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) after the collapse of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL), along with most of the Beauts' roster. She would spend most of the season with the organisation before returning to the NWHL in January 2020 with the Boston Pride. She was the first PWHPA affiliated player to re-join the NWHL. She put up 3 points in 8 regular season games with Boston, as well as scoring a goal in the semi-finals before the playoffs were indefinitely postponed due to the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak.
She left Boston to return to the Beauts for the 2020–21 NWHL season and was named an alternate captain for the team.

## Career statistics

| | | | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2017–18 | Buffalo Beauts | NWHL | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2018–19 | Buffalo Beauts | NWHL | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2019–20 | Boston Pride | NWHL | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 2020–21 | Buffalo Beauts | NWHL | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — |
| NWHL totals | NWHL totals | NWHL totals | 18 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |