OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John Studd (gynaecologist)

John William Winston Studd (4 March 1940 – 17 August 2021) was a British gynaecologist and an academic and medical historian.
He was educated at the Royal Hospital School and at Birmingham University Medical School. After qualification he went to work in Bulawayo (then Southern Rhodesia) for several years and then returned to Birmingham where he took his MD in renal disease in pregnancy. In 1969 he started the first menopause clinic in Europe. He later worked in Salisbury, Rhodesia with Hugh Philpott with whom he devised and modified partogram creating action lines to diagnose early labour complications. He also published further work on the mechanism of labour, the effect of epidural anaesthesia on labour, and the complication of sickle cell disease in labour.
He extended his interests on hormone therapy for women, particularly relating to osteoporosis and hormone responsive depression. He was a founder of the National Osteoporosis Society. He was the first to show in randomised controlled trials that transdermal oestrogens are extremely effective in the treatment of postnatal depression, premenstrual depression, and perimenopausal depression.
He was chairman of the British Menopause Society, British Society for Psychosexual Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and International Society for Reproductive Medicine. He was a past President of the Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Royal Society of Medicine. At the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists he was on the Council for more than 20 years.
He created the RCOG Press and has edited many of the journals. He was the creator and the editor of the successful annual publication Progress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. He was awarded a DSc in 2001 and has published more than 500 peer-reviewed articles and written or edited more than 40 books.
Studd was visiting professor at Duke University, Harvard, Yale, Cornell, and the University of Singapore. He was awarded the prize of the Kohn Foundation for services to Osteoporosis and in 2006 was awarded the "Blair Bell" gold medal from the Royal Society of Medicine given to the doctor who has made the biggest lifetime contribution to his speciality.
He retired from clinical practice in December 2019 and died in August 2021.
# Crossostephium

Crossostephium is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The only species is Crossostephium chinense native to parts of Japan (Kazan-retto, Nansei-shoto), Taiwan, Guangdong, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and the Philippines.
# Crossota

Crossota is a genus of hydrozoans of the family Rhopalonematidae. The genus comprises five species. Unlike most hydromedusae, these do not have a sessile stage. Rather, they spend their entire lives in the water column as plankton. The genus Crossota is widespread throughout the oceans.

## Species

* Crossota alba
* Crossota brunnea
* Crossota millsae
* Crossota norvegica
* Crossota rufobrunnea
# Crossostylis

Crossostylis is a genus of trees in the family Rhizophoraceae.

## Species

* Crossostylis grandiflora Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris
* Crossostylis multiflora Brongn. & Gris ex Pancher & Sebert
* Crossostylis sebertii Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris
# Drakensberg dwarf chameleon

The Drakensberg dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion dracomontanum) occurs in the Drakensberg, South Africa, between the latitudes of 27°45′ and 29°15′. Bright green dwarf chameleons (emerald dwarf chameleon) found in the Drakensberg south of 29°15′ are now known to be more closely related to the Natal Midlands dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion thamnobates) and may yet be described as a separate species.
# Drakensberg minnow

Drakensberg minnow is a common name for several fishes and may refer to:
* Labeobarbus aspius, endemic to the Congo Democratic Republic
* Pseudobarbus quathlambae, endemic to Lesotho
# John Wiltshire

John Wiltshire may refer to:
* John Wiltshire (actor), Australian actor and producer
* John Wiltshire (cricketer) (born 1952), New Zealand cricketer
* John Wiltshire (MP) for Arundel (UK Parliament constituency)
# John Tripp

John Tripp may refer to:
* John Tripp (poet), Anglo-Welsh poet and story writer
* John Tripp (ice hockey), professional ice hockey player
* Jack Tripp, British actor
# John Tripovich

John Matthew Tripovich (16 December 1907 – 6 August 1976) was an Australian politician.
He was born at Coburg to labourer Elias Tripovich and Caroline Grimshaw Sutherland. He attended state schools at Preston and Essendon, and in 1923 began working as a porter on the railway at Glenroy. On 4 June 1929 he married Edna May Alder, with whom he had two children. From 1936 to 1946 he was an assistant station master in the Mallee and the Wimmera. From 1946 he was a country organiser for the Labor Party, becoming assistant state secretary in 1955 and state secretary from 1955 to 1961. In 1960 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Council for Doutta Galla Province. He was briefly Labor leader in the Legislative Council from June to August 1970, and was deputy leader from 1970 to 1976, when he died at Parkville.
# John of Basingstoke

John of Basingstoke (died 1252), also called John Basing, was an Archdeacon of Leicester in the 13th century. Basingstoke was an advocate of Greek literacy and seems to have been instrumental in introducing the apocryphal Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs to Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln. What is known of Basingstoke derives primarily from the writings of Grosseteste and another contemporary, Matthew Paris.

## Early life

Taking his name from the town of Basingstoke in Hampshire, Basingstoke studied at Oxford University and spent some time in Paris. Thomas Andrew Archer writes that Basingstoke
   seems to have been one of the earliest Englishmen who possessed a real knowledge of Greek, and was probably one of the first natives of our islands—if we except the doubtful instance of John Scotus Eriugena - who perfected himself in this language by a sojourn at Athens.
Matthew Paris writes that during his time in Athens, Basingstoke was tutored by a well-read 19-year-old Athenian girl named Constantina (probably the daughter of archbishop of Athens Michael Acominatus). Basingstoke credited Constantina, who was said to "foretell pestilences, thunderstorms, eclipses, and even earthquakes with unerring certainty", for his knowledge of science.

## Career

Based on a letter by Grosseteste, Basingstoke had by 1235 returned to England and was already acting as Archdeacon of Leicester. The year of his appointment is unknown. Basingstoke seems to have been good friends with Grosseteste; according to Paris, he brought to the attention of Grosseteste the apocryphal Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs. In 1242, Grosseteste had the work brought from Greece and translated it with help of a clerk of St. Albans, "for the strengthening of the Christian faith and the confusion of the Jews", who were said to have deliberately hidden the book away "on account of the manifest prophecies of Christ contained therein."
Basingstoke himself was an advocate of Greek study and translated or authored several books into Latin: a Greek book of grammar, the Donatus Græcorum; an order of the Gospel events from the Greek, probably the Concordia Evangeliorum, and an original book on the parts of speech in Greek language.
# Afghanistan at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics

Afghanistan participated at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 6 October to 18 October 2018.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Bronze | Nisar Ahmad Abdul Rahimzai | Taekwondo | Boys' +73 kg | 11 October |

## Athletics

| Athlete | Event | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Final Placing |
| Nazi Yari | Women's 100m | 17.43 | DNS | N/A |

## Boxing

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary R1 | Preliminary R2 | Semifinals | Final / RM | Rank |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Sultan Mohammad Naeemi | -52 kg | Sukthet (THA) L 0–5 | de Oliveira (BRA) L WO | Did not advance | Maouche (ALG) L WO | 6 |

## Taekwondo

Afghanistan qualified one competitor in the +73 kg event of the taekwondo.
| Athlete | Event | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Nisar Ahmad Abdul Rahimzai | Boys' +73 kg | Khalaf (EGY) W 29–25 | Khosravi (IRI) L 16–19 | Did not advance | |
# Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics

A delegation representing Afghanistan competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 August to 5 September 2021 which was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Afghan delegation consisted of two athletes; Zakia Khudadadi in taekwondo and Hossain Rasouli in para-athletics. The former became Afghanistan's first female Paralympian.
After the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021, Afghanistan's participation was left uncertain due to the Taliban takeover of the country, but its athletes were later successfully evacuated. The delegation used the national symbols of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the internationally recognized government which administered the country prior to the Taliban takeover.

## Background

Afghanistan's participation was made uncertain by the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan following the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021. The organizers of the Paralympics initially announced that Afghanistan would be unable to compete.
Afghanistan was represented in the Parade of Nations and the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was invited to send a representative as a "sign of solidarity" despite the country's formal withdrawal. However the UNHCR declined to name a representative and a volunteer served as Afghanistan's flagbearer instead.
On 28 August 2021, Zakia Khudadadi and Hossain Rasouli arrived in Tokyo after taking a flight en route from Kabul to Paris. It was also announced that Afghanistan would be able to compete in the Paralympics. The President of International Paralympic Committee, Andrew Parsons, revealed that both of the Afghan athletes would not be available for interviews and also insisted that permission has been granted to them to skip the usual press conferences.

## Athletics

Para-athlete Hossain Rasouli was supposed to compete in the men's 100 metres T47 but arrived too late. He was entered in the men's long jump instead. Although he had competed in long jump before, the 2020 Paralympics marks the first time Rasouli took part in long jump in a major competition.
| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank |
| Hossain Rasouli | Men's long jump T47 | 4.46 | 13 |

## Taekwondo

| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Repechage 1 | Repechage 2 | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Zakia Khudadadi | Women's 49 kg | Isakova (UZB) L 12–17 | did not advance | did not advance | Marchuk (UKR) L 34–48 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# Dragobraća

Dragobraća (Cyrillic: Драгобраћа ) is a settlement located in the Stanovo municipality, in the Šumadija District of Serbia.
The population of the village is 845 (2002 census).
43°58′38″N 20°49′27″E﻿ / ﻿43.9772°N 20.8242°E﻿ / 43.9772; 20.8242
* This Šumadija District, Serbia location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Drowning in the Fountain of Youth

Drowning in the Fountain of Youth is the second album by Australian act Dan Kelly & The Alpha Males. The album received positive reviews in the local music scene, and was considered for the Album of 2006 by Melbourne street magazine, Inpress. The album provided a single, "Drunk on Election Night"; the track was included by Neil Young in his website's playlist: Living with War - Songs of the Times, in late 2006.
Drowning in the Fountain of Youth peaked at No. 8 on the ARIA Hitseekers Albums Chart and Kelly was nominated for Best Male Artist for the release at the ARIA Music Awards of 2007.
At the J Award of 2006, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year.

## Track listing

In-Fidelity (SHK INFCD-125)
* "Safeway Holiday (Get Wise)"
* "Babysitters of the World Unite"
* "Drowning in the Fountain of Youth (Plastic Surgery Jam)"
* "I Will Release Myself (Unto You)"
* "Fire & Theft (The Landscape Gardners Dream)"
* "My Brains Are On Fire! (Life Coach Baby)"
* "Back on the Booze Again"
* "Mail Order Bride"
* "Drunk On Election Night"
* "The Lonely Coconut"
* "Vice City Rolling"
* "Star of the Sea"

## Personnel

* Dan Kelly – Guitar, vocals, Bass, keyboards, Glockenspiel
* A. Ron Cupples - Guitar, Recorder
* Dan Luscombe - Keyboards, Vocals
* Lewis Boyes - Bass, Vocals
* Christian Strybosch – drums, Vocals
# Cucullia mcdunnoughi

Cucullia mcdunnoughi is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Cucullia mcdunnoughi is 10208.
# Afroblemma

Afroblemma is a monotypic genus of African araneomorph spiders in the family Tetrablemmidae containing the single species, Afroblemma thorelli. It was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1981, and is found in Africa.
# Netechma parindanzana

Netechma parindanzana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is 16 mm.
# Dreier

Dreier is German for "three-er" and may refer to:
* Dreier (coin), an historical German coin
* Dreier (Königrufen), a contract in the Tarot game of Königrufen
* Dreier (surname), people with the surname
* Dreier (Tapp Tarock), a contract in the Tarot game of Tapp Tarock
# John Yovich

Dr John Vincent Yovich AM (born 16 November 1959) is an Australian educator and veterinary doctor, former Vice-Chancellor of Murdoch University, and former Perth Racing managing director fired after sexual misconduct, located in the suburb of Murdoch, Western Australia.

## History

Professor Yovich earned a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery from Murdoch University in 1981. He also received a Diploma in Large Animal Medicine and Surgery from the University of Guelph from 1982 to 1983.
He went abroad and graduated with a Master of Science in 1986 and PhD in 1988 from Colorado State University. He also gained other professional qualifications from the American College of Veterinary Surgeons in 1987 and as a Registered Specialist in Veterinary Surgery and Equine Surgery.
He was the Vice-Chancellor of Murdoch University from 2002 to 2011. Yovich was the head of the veterinary school of Murdoch University prior to his vice chancellor's role.

## Controversy

John Yovich was sacked from his role as Perth Racing managing director in May 2021 over allegations of ‘serious inappropriate workplace conduct’. “The board applauds the brave staff member who came forward with their credible account and evidence of what occurred,” the statement read.
# Olivier Sylvestre

Olivier Sylvestre (born 1982 in Laval, Quebec) is a Canadian writer from Quebec. He is most noted for his first theatrical play La beauté du monde, which won the Prix Gratien-Gélinas and was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language drama at the 2015 Governor General's Awards, and his short story collection, Noms fictifs, which was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction at the 2018 Governor General's Awards.
Sylvestre holds a bachelor's degree in criminology, and a diploma in playwriting from the National Theatre School of Canada. He was translated into English by Leanna Brodie. His monologue Le désert was premiered in January 2018 at Théâtre Prospero in a production by Le Dôme – creations théâtrales, a company Sylvestre co-leads. His play La loi de la gravité, Éditions Passages(s), has won numerous awards in Europe and was translated into English by Bobby Theodore. He has translated several plays by Canadian playwrights, Jesse Stong's You Can Do Whatever You Want and Waawaate Fobister's Agokwe.
His other plays have included Guide d’éducation sexuelle pour le nouveau millénaire.
His play La loi de la gravité was translated into German as Das Gesetz der Schwerkraft by Sonja Finck (Gatineau) and performed at the Theaterfestival Primeur in Saarbrücken in 2016.

## Works

* Nom fictifs. Roman. Hamac, Quebec 2017
# Vivian Prokop

Vivian Prokop was a Canadian businesswoman. She was the Chief executive officer and Executive Director of The Canadian Youth Business Foundation.
Prokop was named for three consecutive years in the WXN Top 100 Most Powerful Women in Canada (2010, 2011, 2012), and recipient of a 2013 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal from Prime Minister Stephen Harper for her contribution to entrepreneurship in Canada which launched 5,000 new businesses creating over 20,000 new jobs as the CEO of The Canadian Youth Business Foundation (CYBF), and for her international work as the Founder of the G20 Young Entrepreneur Alliance (G20YEA).
# Dickson Iroegbu

Dickson Nnamdi Iroegbu // is a Nigerian film director and producer. He has directed and produced several Nollywood hit movies. In 2005, at the maiden edition of the Africa Movie Academy Awards, Iroegbu won three awards for the movie The Mayors, including the awards for Best Picture, Best Screenplay and Best Director.

## Awards and nominations

Africa Movie Academy Awards:
* 2005: Best Director (won)
* 2005: Best Picture (won)
* 2005: Best Screenplay (won)

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as |
| Year | Film | Director | Producer | Writer |
| 2001 | Days of Glory | Yes | | Yes |
| 2003 | Romantic Attraction | Yes | | |
| 2004 | The Mayors | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2004 | Unfaithful | Yes | | |
| 2004 | Little Angel | Yes | | Yes |
| 2004 | Last Wedding | Yes | | |
| 2004 | Burning Desire | Yes | | |
| 2004 | Beyond Reason | Yes | | |
| 2005 | Women's Cot | Yes | | |
| 2005 | Kill the Bride | Yes | | |
| 2006 | The Devil in Her | Yes | | |
| 2006 | Last Kiss | Yes | | |
| 2006 | Holy Cross | Yes | | |
| 2006 | Enemies in Love | Yes | | |
| 2006 | Different World | Yes | | |
| 2006 | Holy Cross | Yes | | |
| 2007 | To Love an Angel | Yes | | |
| 2007 | The Trinity | Yes | | |
| 2007 | Big Heart Treasure | Yes | | |
| 2008 | Critical Condition | Yes | | Yes |
| 2020 | The Good Husband | Yes | Yes | Yes |
# Exothermic reaction

In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative." Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as "... a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change ΔG⚬ is negative." A strongly exothermic reaction will usually also be exergonic because ΔH⚬ makes a major contribution to ΔG⚬. Most of the spectacular chemical reactions that are demonstrated in classrooms are exothermic and exergonic. The opposite is an endothermic reaction, which usually takes up heat and is driven by an entropy increase in the system.

## Examples

Examples are numerous: combustion, the thermite reaction, combining strong acids and bases, polymerizations. As an example in everyday life, hand warmers make use of the oxidation of iron to achieve an exothermic reaction:
    4Fe  + 3O$_2$  → 2Fe$_2$O$_3$  ΔH⚬ = - 1648 kJ/mol
A particularly important class of exothermic reactions is combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. the burning of natural gas:
    CH$_4$  + 2O$_2$  → CO$_2$  + 2H$_2$O  ΔH⚬ = - 890 kJ/mol
These sample reactions are strongly exothermic.
Uncontrolled exothermic reactions, those leading to fires and explosions, are wasteful because it is difficult to capture the released energy. Nature effects combustion reactions under highly controlled conditions, avoiding fires and explosions, in aerobic respiration so as to capture the released energy, e.g. for the formation of ATP.

## Measurement

The enthalpy of a chemical system is essentially its energy. The enthalpy change ΔH for a reaction is equal to the heat q transferred out of (or into) a closed system at constant pressure without in- or output of electrical energy. Heat production or absorption in a chemical reaction is measured using calorimetry, e.g. with a bomb calorimeter. One common laboratory instrument is the reaction calorimeter, where the heat flow from or into the reaction vessel is monitored. The heat release and corresponding energy change, ΔH, of a combustion reaction can be measured particularly accurately.
The measured heat energy released in an exothermic reaction is converted to ΔH⚬ in Joule per mole (formerly cal/mol). The standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is essentially the enthalpy change when the stoichiometric coefficients in the reaction are considered as the amounts of reactants and products (in mole); usually, the initial and final temperature is assumed to be 25 °C. For gas-phase reactions, ΔH⚬ values are related to bond energies to a good approximation by:
    ΔH⚬ = total bond energy of reactants − total bond energy of products
In an exothermic reaction, by definition, the enthalpy change has a negative value:
    ΔH = H$_{products}$ - H$_{reactants}$ < 0
where a larger value (the higher energy of the reactants) is subtracted from a smaller value (the lower energy of the products). For example, when hydrogen burns:
    2H$_2$ (g) + O$_2$ (g) → 2H$_2$O (g)
    ΔH⚬ = −483.6 kJ/mol
# Daphnella supercostata

Daphnella supercostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 13 mm, its diameter 5½ mm.
The small, whitish golden yellow shell has an ovate-fusiform shape. It contains 6⅓ whorls. The convex whorls are slightly excavated near the suture. The first 1½ whorls are smooth. The upper ones only are longitudinally ribbed (about 10). And the minute striation forms a very fine reticulation over the entire surface. These are the chief characteristics of this very distinct species. The body whorl is tumid and contracted at the base. The aperture is slightly longer than the spire. The columella stands almost straight. The siphonal canal is short and slightly recurved. The outer lip is markedly sinuated at the suture and incrassate outwards.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan.
# Neurophyseta randalis

Neurophyseta randalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1896. It is found in Costa Rica and Mexico.
# Three halfpence (British coin)

The British three halfpence coin was a denomination of sterling coinage worth ⁠1/160⁠ of one pound or ⁠1/8⁠ of one shilling. It was produced for circulation in the British colonies, mainly in Ceylon and the West Indies in each year between 1834 and 1843, and also in 1860 and 1862. Proof coins were also produced in 1870.
The coin is considered to be part of the British coinage because the territories it was struck for otherwise used standard sterling coin and had no independent monetary policy.
The coins were made of silver, weighed 0.7 grams (defined as 1⁄44 troy ounce) and had a diameter of 12 millimetres (0.47 in). The reverse of the coin, throughout its existence, showed "⁠1+1/2⁠" beneath a crown and over the date, all contained within a wreath. The obverse of coins minted between 1834 and 1837 show the right-facing portrait of King William IV with the inscription GULIELMUS IIII D G BRITANNIAR REX F D. The obverse of the later coins bear the left-facing portrait of Queen Victoria, with the inscription VICTORIA D G BRITANNIAR REGINA F D.
For other denominations, see British coinage.
In Jamaica it was nicknamed a quatty, because it was worth one quarter of a sixpence.