OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wami River

The Wami River is a river located in Pwani Region, Tanzania. The headwaters of the Wami and its tributaries originate in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Morogoro Region. The river then flows northeastward through of Pwani Region to empty into the Indian Ocean west of Zanzibar Island.
The Wami drains a catchment of 43,946 km². The catchment extends through four ecological regions. Coastal forests extend along the Indian Ocean coast. Further inland, woodlands and seasonally-flooded grasslands cover the plains of the central catchment. These plains are bounded on the northwest by the Rubeho, Ukakuru, Nguru, and Nguu mountains, some of the Eastern Arc ranges. The Eastern Arc Mountains intercept moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean, and receive more rainfall than the surrounding lowlands. Most of the rainfall occurs in the November-to-May wet season, although mist and light rain occur at higher elevations during the dry season months. The mountains' windward eastern and southern faces receive more rainfall the northern and western slopes. These rains sustain montane forests as well as the Wami's tributary rivers and streams. The Eastern Arc forests are important to both sustaining and moderating the rivers' flow.
The seasonal Kinyasangwe River extends west of the Eastern Arc mountains to Dodoma, draining the southern portion of the semi-arid Maasai Steppe, which is in the rain shadow of the Eastern Arc Mountains.
Only after leaving the Mkata River basin on the northern edge of the Mikumi National Park is its name Wami.
Due to deforestation and climatic changes in the region the runoff decreased.
Near its mouth the Wami River forms the southern border of the Saadani National Park, the only coastal national park in Tanzania.

## Hydrometry

The river flow observed over 30 years (1954–84) in Mandera a town about 50 km above the mouth. The at Mandera observed average annual flow during this period was 60.6 m³ / s fed by an area of about 82% of the total catchment area of the River.
The average monthly flow of the river Wami hydrological station of Mandera (in m³ / s ) (Calculated using the data for a period of 30 years, 1954–84)

## Gallery

* Opening of Mandera Bridge
* Wami River between 1906 and 1918 at Kissanke
* 2012
* Hippopotamus amphibius
# Johannes Withoos

Johannes Withoos (1648 – c.1688) was a Dutch Golden Age painter and the eldest son of Mathias Withoos and brother of the painters Alida, Maria, Frans and Pieter.

## Biography

Johannes Withoos was born in Amersfoort. According to Houbraken Mathias had three sons and four daughters but mentions only the sons and Alida by name. Alida was still alive when Houbraken was writing and gave him the information he used for his sketch on her father and the rest of the family. Johannes travelled to Rome like his father had done, and came back with lots of sketches of buildings and landscapes. He planned to spend the rest of his days in Holland, but travelled abroad again to the court of Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in Ratzeburg. He died there in 1685.
According to the RKD he is known for landscapes in oils. If he made room decorations in Ratzeburg, they would have been destroyed in 1693 when Christian V of Denmark reduced Ratzeburg to rubble by bombardment. He did not die before January 1688, and also didn't die in Ratzeburg, but Amsterdam.
# Washing Wells Roman Fort

Part of a series on the :
Military of ancient Rome 753 BC – AD 476 :
Structural history
Army
Unit types and ranks
Decorations and punishments
Legions
Auxilia
Generals
Navy
Fleets
Admirals :
Campaign history
Wars and battles :
Technological history
Military engineering
Castra
Siege engines
Triumphal arches
Roads :
Political history :
Strategy and tactics
Infantry tactics :
Frontiers and fortifications
Limes
Walls
Limes Britannicus
Antonine Wall
Hadrian's Wall
Saxon Shore
Limes Germanicus
Alb Limes
Lauter Valley Limes
Lower Germanic Limes
Main Limes
Neckar-Odenwald Limes
Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes
Wetterau Limes
Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes
Norican Limes
Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
Pannonian Limes
Limes Alutanus
Limes Moesiae
Trajan's Wall
Anastasian Wall
Limes Sarmatiae
Limes Arabicus
Limes Tripolitanus
Limes Mauretaniae :
Ancient Rome portal :
vte :
Washing Wells Roman Fort, was a fort in the Roman province of Britannia. Its ruins are located at (grid reference NZ219602) southeast of Whickham in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear.

## History

The fort was discovered from the air in 1970 and is trapezoid measuring about 490 by 410 feet and covering an area of about 4.5 acres (1.8 ha). The fort has not been excavated.
# Eleni Evangel

Eleni Evangel is a former Australian politician who was the member for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Perth from 2013 to 2017. She was a City of Perth councillor between 2005 and 2013.
Evangel, who is of Greek descent, was born in Perth and has a teaching and television presenting background. She is the daughter of Anastasios Parissis, once a prominent nightclub and restaurant owner in Northbridge.
She was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Perth at the general election of 9 March 2013. She attained 48.6% of the primary vote and won on preferences. She ran again in 2017 and lost.
# Ventarura

Ventarura is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (around 420 to 390 million years ago). Fossils were found in the Windyfield chert, Rhynie, Scotland. Some features, such as bivalved sporangia borne laterally and the anatomy of the xylem, relate this genus to the zosterophylls. Other features are unclear due to poor preservation.

## Description

Fossils of Ventarura were found in the Windyfield chert, slightly separate from the better-known Rhynie chert, both located near the village of Rhynie, Scotland. Only fragmentary fossils were found, the longest being around 12 cm long. Stems (axes) of two kinds were found, although without clear connections between them. Aerial stems were leafless, smooth and dichotomously branched. They contained an exarch xylem strand containing G-type tracheids. Alone among the Rhynie chert plants, there was evidence of sclerenchyma – supporting tissue made up of dead cells with thick cell walls. Spore-forming organs or sporangia were borne on the sides of the stems, attached without clear stalks. They consisted of two circular to pear-shaped 'valves', one slightly narrower facing the stem, one away from it. Sporangia may have formed a two-rowed spike or strobilus. Spores were shed via a slit at the top of the sporangium between thickened valve borders. Spores were of one kind, about 67 μm in diameter, without trilete marks.
What are thought to be the underground stems of Ventarura had single-celled hairs, presumably rhizoids, on all sides. They branched irregularly and more often compared to aerial stems.

## Phylogeny

Ventarura was described too late to be included in the cladistic studies published by Kenrick and Crane in 1997 which are the source of much of the information on the phylogeny of early land plants (see Polysporangiophytes: Taxonomy). The shape of the sporangia and their lateral position as well as the anatomy of the xylem show a clear relationship to the zosterophylls. However, the arrangement of the sporangia is difficult to determine from the fossil specimens. Zosterophylls are thought to be the earliest diverging group of lycophytes, a group which includes modern clubmosses and relatives.
# Lossen rearrangement

The Lossen rearrangement is the conversion of a hydroxamate ester to an isocyanate. Typically O-acyl, sulfonyl, or phosphoryl O-derivative are employed. The isocyanate can be used further to generate ureas in the presence of amines or generate amines in the presence of H$_2$O.

## Reaction mechanism

The mechanism below begins with an O-acylated hydroxamic acid derivative that is treated with base to form an isocyanate that generates an amine and CO$_2$ gas in the presence of H$_2$O. The hydroxamic acid derivative is first converted to its conjugate base by abstraction of a hydrogen by a base. Spontaneous rearrangement releases a carboxylate anion to produce the isocyanate intermediate. The isocyanate is then hydrolyzed in the presence of H$_2$O. Finally, the respective amine and CO$_2$ are generated by abstraction of a proton with a base and decarboxylation.
Hydroxamic acids are commonly synthesized from their corresponding esters.

## Historical references

* Lossen, W. (1872). "Ueber Benzoylderivate des Hydroxylamins". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 161 (2–3): 347–362. doi:10.1002/jlac.18721610219.
* Lossen, W. (1875). "Ueber die Structurformel des Hydroxylamins und seiner amidartigen Derivate". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 175 (3): 271–304. doi:10.1002/jlac.18751750303.
* Lossen, W. (1875). "Methode, die Carboxylgruppe aromatischer Säuren durch die Amidgruppe zu ersetzen". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 175 (3): 313–325. doi:10.1002/jlac.18751750305.
# Wan'an Bridge

Wan'an Bridge (simplified Chinese: 万安桥; traditional Chinese: 萬安橋; pinyin: Wàn'ān Qiáo) may refer to the following bridges in China:
* Wan'an Bridge (Pingnan), a wooden arch bridge in Pingnan County, Ningde, Fujian Province
* Luoyang Bridge, also known as Wan'an Bridge, in Quanzhou, Fujian Province
* Wan'an Bridge (Shanghai), a stone arch bridge in Jinze, Qingpu District, Shanghai
# Cowley Wright

Cowley Wright (6 October 1889 – 18 January 1923) was an English actor.
In 1910 he played the Bishop of Illyria in The Prince and the Beggar Maid at the Lyceum Theatre in London.
Wright was born in Anerley, London, England and died at age 33 in London.

## Filmography

* The Rocks of Valpre (1919)
* The Channings (1920)
* Ernest Maltravers (1920)
* Sybil (1921)
# Luis Gonzalez

Luis Gonzalez or González may refer to:

## Academics

* Luis González y González (1925–2003), Mexican historian
* Luis A. Gonzalez (judge) (fl. 1978–2015), American judge

## Arts and Entertainment

* Luis "Checho" González (born 1928), Chilean folklore composer and songwriter
* Luis González de Alba (1944–2016), Mexican writer
* Luis González Palma (born 1957), Guatemalan photographer

## Politicians

* Luis González Bravo (1811–1871), two-time prime minister of Spain
* Luis Arturo González López (1900–1965), president of Guatemala
* Luis Gonzales Posada (born 1945), Peruvian politician
* Luis Eduardo González (born 1945), Uruguayan political scientist, sociologist and polling specialist
* Luis Ángel González Macchi (born 1947), President of Paraguay, 1999–2003

## Sportspeople
### Association football

* Lucho González (born 1981), Argentine football midfielder
* Luis Gonzalez (soccer, born 1989), American soccer forward
* Luis González (Bolivian footballer) (born 1958), Bolivian football midfielder
* Luis González (footballer, born 1972), Ecuadorian football midfielder
* Luis González (footballer, born 1997), Mexican football midfielder
* Luis González (footballer, born 1999), Venezuelan football goalkeeper

### Baseball

* Luis Gonzalez (2020s pitcher), Dominican baseball pitcher
* Luis González (1900s pitcher) (1884–?), Cuban baseball player
* Luis Gonzalez (outfielder, born 1967) (born 1967), American former Major League Baseball outfielder
* Luis González (outfielder, born 1995) (born 1995), Mexican Major League Baseball outfielder
* Luis González (infielder) (born 1979), Venezuelan Major League Baseball utility player

### Boxing

* Luis González (Chilean boxer) (born 1949), Chilean boxer
* Jorge Luis González (born 1964), Cuban heavyweight professional boxing contender, fl. 1990s
* Luis González (Venezuelan boxer) (born 1984), Venezuelan boxer

### Other sports

* Luis González (swimmer) (born 1925), Colombian swimmer
* Luis González (archer) (born 1945), Costa Rican archer
* Luis González (skier) (born 1955), Puerto Rican freestyle skier
* Luis Alberto González (born 1965), Colombian cyclist
* Luis Javier González (born 1969), Spanish middle-distance runner

## Other

* Luis Gonzalez (television character), a character in Chiquititas
# Johannes Wtenbogaert

Johannes Wtenbogaert (Also Jan or Hans, Uytenbogaert or Uitenbogaert.) (11 February 1557 – 4 September 1644) was a Dutch Protestant minister, a leader of the Remonstrants.

## Life

Born at Utrecht, he was brought up a Roman Catholic, and attended the school of St. Jerome there. He intended a legal career, but gave it up from 1578 with Catholicism when required to cease hearing the sermons of the evangelical Huibert Duifhuis (1531–1581). He went to Arnhem and the service of Count John of Nassau, and then returned to Utrecht to become a pastor. He found conflict between Duifhuis and a group of Calvinists called Consistorials.
In 1580 Wtenbogaert was sent at the city's expense to study theology in Geneva and came into contact with Theodore Beza; but his sympathies were with Jacobus Arminius. On his return to Utrecht in 1584 he found himself in an awkward position in the continuing discord. Eventually in 1590 the magistrates removed the preachers from both sides.
He then went to The Hague, invited by Maurice of Nassau, and the Walloon congregation there, in 1591. He was in favour, and also attracted the attention of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt. Influential, he became the leader of the Arminian party of Remonstrants, after the death of Arminius in 1609; in fact the name was taken from the Remonstrance of 14 January 1610 to the States of Holland, masterminded by Wtenbogaert and Oldenbarnevelt. At the same time Wtenbogaert published his Tractaet, causing a controversy and, despite the conferences of 1611 and 1613, an effective schism with the Calvinist or Gomarist Counter-Remonstrant party.
Prince Maurice removed support from Wtenbogaert, and in 1617 the States decided for a synod, against the wish of the Remonstrants. Wtenbogaert lost heart in March 1618, and asked to be relieved of his charge; and when on 29 August 1618, Oldenbarnevelt, Hugo Grotius, and Rombout Hogerbeets were arrested, Wtenbogaert fled to Rotterdam and then to Antwerp. On 24 May 1619 he was banned from the Dutch Republic and his goods confiscated, the reason given being that he had introduced new views, contrary to the accepted Reformed theology. In October he sent a document to Prince Maurice in his defense, and continued to direct the affairs of the Remonstrants. In October 1621, he moved to Rouen.
When Maurice died in 1625, and was succeeded as stadtholder by Wtenbogaert's pupil Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Wtenbogaert returned in September 1626. But Frederick Henry would not openly support the Remonstrants, though he granted protection to his old teacher. Wtenbogaert began to preach quietly at The Hague, and regained possession of his house. For the rest of his life he worked for his cause by his writings and by personal efforts. In particular he wrote an autobiography and a work of church history. He died at The Hague in 1644.
# Pachygonidia ribbei

Pachygonidia ribbei is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Herbert Druce in 1881. It is known from Peru, Panama and Costa Rica.
The wingspan is 56–62 mm. It can be distinguished from all other Pachygonidia species by the lack of distinct pale bands on the hindwing upperside. There is a distinct and large pale brown submarginal patch on the forewing upperside, as well as diffuse patches of pale violet scales on the median and posterior parts of the wing.
There are probably multiple generations per year.
The larvae feed on Hamelia patens and Hamelia axilaris. There are green and brown larval forms.
# Elisabeth Bormann

Elisabeth Ottilie Marianne Bormann (May 12, 1895 – August 1986) was an Austrian physicist and assistant to Max Born. She was involved in measuring the free path of atoms in gases and the size of molecules.

## Early life and education

Bormann was born in Döbling, Austria. She attended elementary and community school in Klosterneuburg. As a child, Bormann was enthusiastic about gymnastics and piano. Bormann was part of the advanced training programme offered by Eugenie Schwarzwald, and finished high school at the Wasagasse grammar school (then KK Staatsgymnasium). After completing her high school training, she enrolled in an undergraduate course in mathematics and the University of Vienna. She remained there for her doctoral research, during which she studied decay fluctuations and was awarded a distinction. Her PhD examiners were Franz S. Exner and Gustav Jäger.

## Research and career

In 1919 Bormann joined the Institut für Theoretische Physik, where she worked as an assistant to Max Born. In this capacity, she developed the first atomic beams. Working with Born in 1920, Bormann was the first to measure the free path of atoms in gases and the size of molecules. She also worked with Friedrich Dessauer on the development of X-ray based technologies.
Bormann started her independent scientific career at the Siemens-Schuckert, where she studied cable technology. She became a German citizen in 1957. Bormann was involved with the supervision of various physicists, including Wilhelm Heinrich Heraeus.

## Legacy

In 2019 a plaque was unveiled to record Born and Bormann's discoveries. It will be attached to the former physics building in Robert-Mayer-Straße 2.

## Select publications

* Born, Max; Bormann, Elisabeth (1920). "Zur Gittertheorie der Zinkblende". Annalen der Physik. 367 (11): 218–246. Bibcode:1920AnP...367..218B. doi:10.1002/andp.19203671103. ISSN 0003-3804.
* Bormann, Elisabeth (1920). "Das elektrostatische Potential des Flußspatgitters". Zeitschrift für Physik. 1 (1): 55–56. Bibcode:1920ZPhy....1...55B. doi:10.1007/bf01881026. ISSN 1434-6001. S2CID 123021240.
* Born, Max; Bormann, Elisabeth (1920-06-01). "Die Elektronenaffinität des Schwefelatoms". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 1 (3): 250–255. Bibcode:1920ZPhy....1..250B. doi:10.1007/BF01329169. ISSN 0044-3328. S2CID 121149304.
# Dipodium ambiguum

Dipodium ambiguum is an orchid species that is endemic in Borneo. The species was formally described in 2017 by Peter O'Byrne, Linus Gokusing and Anthony Lamb. The description was published in Volume 19 of the Malesian Orchid Journal, edited by André Schuiteman.
# En ménage

En ménage (English: Married Life) is a novel by the French writer Joris-Karl Huysmans, first published in February 1881 by Charpentier.
It tells the story of André Jayant, a novelist who marries a petty-minded woman called Berthe. When he finds out Berthe has been unfaithful, he leaves her to live first with a high-class prostitute called Blanche then with a working-class woman, Jeanne, with whom he had had a love affair five years before. When Jeanne is forced to leave for a job in London, André decides he cannot cope with life on his own and returns to his wife. The novel also features the artist Cyprien Tibaille, André's best friend, who had already appeared in Huysmans' previous novel, Les Soeurs Vatard. En ménage is partly autobiographical and both André and Cyprien contain elements of the author's own personality.
The novel was Huysmans' third and his most ambitious to date. According to Robert Baldick, it differs from its predecessors, Marthe and Les Soeurs Vatard in that "its most impressive feature is its characterization rather than description. This shift from pictorial to psychological interest is illustrated by the number of perceptive character studies - notably those of Berthe Jayant, her uncle M.Désableau, and the maidservant Mélanie - which are to be found in the novel. It becomes even more obvious when one considers the two friends André Jayant and Cyprien Tibaille [...]" (Baldick pp. 91–92). The novel was heavily criticised on its first appearance for its deep-seated pessimism about life. In this - as in many other features - it reflects the influence of one of Huysmans' favourite contemporary novels, Flaubert's L'Éducation sentimentale.

## Sources

* Huysmans Romans Volume One (Bouquins, Robert Laffont, 2005)
* Robert Baldick: The Life of J.-K. Huysmans (originally published by Oxford University Press, 1955; revised by Brendan King, Dedalus Press, 2006)
# Wan'an Prefecture

Wan'an Zhou or Wan'an Prefecture was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China in modern southeastern Hainan, China. It existed from 662 to 1368, but between 742 and 757 it was known as Wan'an Commandery, and between 757 and 758 as Wanquan Commandery. The Song dynasty made it a military prefecture in 1074.

## Counties

Wan'an Prefecture administered the following counties (縣) through history:
* Wan'an (萬安), roughly modern northern Wanning. During Southern Han and Northern Song dynasty it was known as Wanning (萬寧), but after 1136 its name was changed back to Wan'an.
* Lingshui (陵水), roughly modern Lingshui Li Autonomous County. Between 1074 and 1080 it was part of Wan'an County.
* Fuyun (富雲), roughly modern western Wanning.
* Boliao (博遼), roughly modern southern Wanning.
Both Fuyun and Boliao were abolished at the end of the Tang dynasty.
# Luperosoma

Luperosoma is a genus of leaf beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There are about seven described species in Luperosoma. They are found in North America and the Neotropics.

## Species

These seven species belong to the genus Luperosoma:
* Luperosoma amplicorne (Baly, 1886)
* Luperosoma nigrum Blake
* Luperosoma parallelum (Horn, 1893)
* Luperosoma parvulum (Jacoby, 1888)
* Luperosoma schwarzi (Horn, 1896)
* Luperosoma subsulcatum (Horn, 1893)
* Luperosoma vittatum Blake
# Navone

Navone is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edoardo Navone (1844–1912), Italian painter
* John Navone (1930–2016), American Jesuit priest, theologian, philosopher, educator, author, and raconteur
* Mariano Navone (b. 2001), Argentine tennis player
* Paola Navone (b. 1950), Italian designer
# Frank Marion

Frank Marion may refer to:
* Frank J. Marion (1870–1963), American motion picture pioneer
* Frank Marion (American football) (born 1951), American football player
# George Graff

George Graff may refer to:
* George Graff Jr. (1886–1973), American songwriter
* George L. Graff, American industrial designer
# En människa

En människa is the debut studio album by Freda', released in 1984.

## Track listing

* En människa
* Secondhand shop
* Inget ska få mig rädd
* Om igen
* Naken och rädd
* Nu regnar det
* Kasperdockor
* Piccolaflöjt
* Ut i natten
* Drick ur mitt glas
* Mot all logik

## Contributors

* Uno Svenningsson - vocals, guitar
* Arne Johansson - guitar, song
* Sam Johansson - keyboard, song
* Per Nordbring - drums
* Jan Nordbring - bass