OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chain bridge

A chain bridge is a historic form of suspension bridge for which chains or eyebars were used instead of wire ropes to carry the bridge deck. A famous example is the Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest.
Construction types are, as for other suspension bridges, a stressed ribbon bridge, a true suspension bridge, and special forms, such as the Tower Bridge and the Albert Bridge, London.
Chain bridges were the first bridges able to cross wider spans than the previous wooden and stone bridges, combined with shorter building times and at lower costs.

## History

The first chain bridge in Europe was the Winch Bridge, built around 1741 across the Tees in North-eastern England. It served mainly miners entering the nearby mine. It collapsed in 1802, and was replaced in 1830 by a suspension bridge with suspension chains.
A chain bridge was built in the 1780s and 1790s in the Wörlitzer Park which crossed a canal between artificial rocks. The light construction was intended to move, to create sensual sensations for the visitors of the park. The Steinfurter Bagno park had a chain bridge from 1794.
In 1820, Samuel Brown opened the Union Bridge over the River Tweed on the Scottish-English border, which was the first suspension bridge in Europe suitable for carts. It is the oldest such bridge still used for traffic.
Claude Navier published the first fundamental paper about suspension bridges in 1823.
The first chain bridge on the European continent was opened in 1824, the Kettensteg in Nuremberg. A little later, the Rotundenbrücke [de] crossing the Donaukanal in Vienna was opened for pedestrians and carriages. To celebrate this event the Chain Bridge Waltz was written by Johann Strauss.
In 1849, the Széchenyi Chain Bridge over the Danube in Budapest was opened, designed by William Tierney Clark, spanning 200 m. The Empress Elisabeth Bridge over the Elbe at Tetschen (today: Děčín) was completed in 1855, and the same year the Nicholas Chain Bridge in Kyiv, which spanned the Dnieper in four segments of 143 m.
* Empress Elisabeth Bridge, Tetschen
* Nicholas Chain Bridge, Kyiv
* Tower Bridge, London
* Elisabeth Bridge, Budapest
The Tower Bridge in London was opened in 1884, a unique combination of suspension bridge and drawbridge, and the Elisabeth Bridge in Budapest was opened in 1903, marking the peak of chain bridge building.
Later bridges of the type included the Kaiserbrücke in Breslau (today: Grunwaldbrücke in Wrocław) of 1910, and the Deutzer Hängebrücke, which opened in 1915. The Three Sisters were three similar bridges in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, built from 1924 to 1928 over the Allegheny River. The Hercilio Luz Bridge in Brazil 1926 had the longest span of all chain bridges at 339,5 m. A similar bridge was built two years later, the Silver Bridge over the Ohio River. It collapsed in 1967. The last large chain bridges were the Reichsbrücke in Vienna (1937) and the Krymsky Bridge in Moscow (1938).
# Cetanoviće

Cetanoviće is a village in the municipality of Sjenica, Serbia. At the 2002 census, the village had a population of 386 people.
# Cue sports at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's six-red snooker singles

The women's six-red snooker singles tournament at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou took place from 15 November to 16 November at the Asian Games Town Gymnasium.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Monday, 15 November 2010 | 10:00 | Preliminary |
| Monday, 15 November 2010 | 13:00 | Last 16 |
| Monday, 15 November 2010 | 20:00 | Quarterfinals |
| Tuesday, 16 November 2010 | 10:00 | Semifinals |
| Tuesday, 16 November 2010 | 16:00 | Final |

## Results
### Final

| Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Chen Siming (CHN) | 4 |
| | Lai Hui-shan (TPE) | 0 |

### Top half

| Preliminary | Preliminary | Last 16 | Last 16 | Last 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | 1 | Chen Siming (CHN) | 4 | | | | | | |
| Vidya Pillai (IND) | 4 | | Vidya Pillai (IND) | 1 | | | | | | |
| Đoàn Thị Ngọc Lệ (VIE) | 0 | | | | 1 | Chen Siming (CHN) | 4 | | | |
| | | | | | | Chan Ya-ting (TPE) | 1 | | | |
| | | | Chan Ya-ting (TPE) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | Floriza Andal (PHI) | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | 1 | Chen Siming (CHN) | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | 4 | Ng On Yee (HKG) | 3 |
| | | | Charlene Chai (SIN) | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | Lim Yun-mi (KOR) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Lim Yun-mi (KOR) | 1 | | | |
| | | | | | 4 | Ng On Yee (HKG) | 4 | | | |
| | | | Maliwan Sangklar (THA) | 0 | | | | | | |
| | | 4 | Ng On Yee (HKG) | 4 | | | | | | |

### Bottom half

| Preliminary | Preliminary | Last 16 | Last 16 | Last 16 | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals |
| | | 3 | Nicha Pathomekmongkhon (THA) | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | So Man Yan (HKG) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | So Man Yan (HKG) | 2 | | | |
| | | | | | | Lai Hui-shan (TPE) | 4 | | | |
| | | | Lai Hui-shan (TPE) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | Chitra Magimairaj (IND) | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Lai Hui-shan (TPE) | 4 |
| | | | | | | | | 2 | Bi Zhuqing (CHN) | 0 |
| | | | Cha Bo-ram (KOR) | 4 | | | | | | |
| | | | Mary Ann Basas (PHI) | 3 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | Cha Bo-ram (KOR) | 1 | | | |
| Amy Hoe (SIN) | 4 | | | | 2 | Bi Zhuqing (CHN) | 4 | | | |
| Dương Thúy Vi (VIE) | 2 | | Amy Hoe (SIN) | 1 | | | | | | |
| | | 2 | Bi Zhuqing (CHN) | 4 | | | | | | |
# Enrico Tivaroni

Enrico Tivaroni (13 May 1841 – 13 August 1925) was a Dalmatian Italian magistrate and politician. Tivaroni was an Italian senator from 19 December 1923 until his death, on 13 August 1925.
# Mister 44

Mister 44 is a 1916 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Henry Otto and starring Harold Lockwood, May Allison, Lester Cuneo, Yona Landowska, Henry Otto, and Aileen Allen. It is based on 1916 novel of the same name by E.J. Rath. The film was released by Metro Pictures on September 11, 1916.

## Cast

* Harold Lockwood as John Stoddard
* May Allison as Sadie Hicks
* Lester Cuneo as Eagle Eye
* Yona Landowska as Larry Livingston
* Henry Otto as Dick Westfall
* Aileen Allen as Mrs. Westfall
* Belle Hutchinson as Mrs. Stoddard
* Lee Arms as Ferguson
* Franklin Hall

## Preservation

A print is prepared and preserved by MGM.
# Dickson Manufacturing Company

Dickson Manufacturing Company was an American manufacturer of boilers, blast furnaces and steam engines used in various industries but most known in railway steam locomotives. The company also designed and constructed steam powered mine cable hoists. It was founded in Scranton, Pennsylvania by Thomas Dickson in 1856. In total, the company produced 1,334 steam locomotives until it was taken over by ALCO in 1901.

## History
### Precursor company

In 1855, Thomas Dickson, with his brothers John and George, founded an engineering company named Dickson & Company in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. A year later it was moved to the newly incorporated Scranton, Pennsylvania, at the request of George Scranton. Their first major contract was to supply locomotives for a new railroad constructed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. By 1862, business was booming and the company was re-incorporated as the Dickson Manufacturing Company.

### Formation

The company maintained its main offices and shops on Penn Avenue in Scranton,. The Cliff Works, a locomotive manufacturing company on Cliff Street in Scranton was acquired in 1862. In 1866, a foundry in Wilkes-Barre, was added and later the company opened an office in New York City.
In the first years as the Dickson Manufacturing Company, five or six locomotives were being built each year. By the early 1870s, this had risen to five locomotives a month. They also built railroad cars and a variety of mining machinery. In 1882, they rebuilt their Penn Avenue shops, creating 29,000 square feet of space. The company continued to expand and by 1890 its shops covered six acres and employed more than 1,200 workers.

### Acquisition

On 24 June 1901, the company's locomotive division was merged with seven other manufacturing firms to form American Locomotive Company (ALCO); the rest of the company became part of Allis-Chalmers. ALCO ceased locomotive production at the former Dickson works in 1909.

### Recent history

The former shops still stand, and are featured in the opening sequence of the television show "The Office," which is set in Scranton.

## Preserved Dickson locomotives

The following locomotives (in serial number order) built by Dickson have been preserved.
This surviving locomotive, named "Stephanie", was restored to operating condition, in 1979 under a lease deal, by Winson George, of Brookhaven, MS. He operated the locomotive in his backyard until his death in October 1993, at which time the locomotive was returned to its owners.
One notable change to the locomotive was the larger water tank on the extended frame.
The restored locomotive Serial # 30196 is displayed at the "Monumento al minero en Las Juntas de Abangare" (Parque Central), Juntas, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (the serial number 30196 is in the ALCO sequence, not the original Dickson serial number sequence).
# Kandukur revenue division

Kandukur Revenue Division (or Kandukur Division) is an administrative division in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 4 revenue divisions in the district which consists of 7 mandals under its administration. Kandukur is the administrative headquarters of the division.

## Administration

There are 7 mandals in Kandukuru revenue division which include
| No. | Mandals |
| 1 | Kandukuru mandal |
| 2 | Lingasamudram mandal |
| 3 | Gudluru mandal |
| 4 | Ulavapadu mandal |
| 5 | Voletivaripalem mandal |
| 6 | Kondapuram mandal |
| 7 | Varikuntapadu mandal |
# Daphnella thygatrica

Daphnella thygatrica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm.
The small, fusiform shell is twisted. It is straw-coloured with faint rufous longitudinal tints. It contains seven whorls, of which three decussate whorls in the protoconch. The body whorl is doubly keeled. The aperture is oblong. The outer lip is thin. The sinus is inconspicuous. The columellar margin is incrassate. The wide siphonal canal is only slightly produced.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Oman
# Duane Sorenson

Duane Sorenson is an American business owner and restaurateur based in Portland, Oregon. His companies and restaurants have included Stumptown Coffee Roasters, Roman Candle (later converted into a cafe called Holiday), and the independent coffee company Puff. Sorenson is originally from Puyallup, Washington.
# Edmund Flynn

Edmund Flynn may refer to:
* Edmund James Flynn, premier of Quebec
* Edmund W. Flynn, Rhode Island Supreme Court judge
* Edmund Power Flynn, member of the House of Commons of Canada
# Gary Lagesse

Gary Lagesse (born May 28, 1953) is a former athletic director, head softball coach, team advisor and current sporting goods sales representative. He served as the head softball coach for Thornwood High School from 1977 until 2006, winning State Championships in 1990, 1991 and 1998. He founded and operated the Illinois Outlaws travel softball program where he won the Amateur Softball Association 18U National Championship in 2008. He holds a career record at the varsity level of 694 wins and 301 losses. Upon retirement, Lagesse held the Illinois state record for most wins by a head coach in softball. Lagesse was inducted into the Illinois High School Association Coaches Hall of Fame in 2002. Lagesse retired as the athletic director at Thornwood in 2011 after serving in the role for 35 years.
While coaching, Lagesse's teams were sometimes compared to the 1970's Pittsburgh Pirates due to their strikingly similar uniforms combined with their productive hitting. At the same time, Lagesse was described as scheduling difficult opponents for his team.
Lagesse attended Beecher High School and Western Illinois University where he graduated with a degree in education in 1976.
# Vivarini

Vivarini is the surname of a family of painters from Murano (Venice), who produced a great quantity of work in Venice and its neighborhood in the 15th century, leading on to that phase of the school which is represented by Carpaccio and the Bellini family.
* Antonio Vivarini (Antonio of Murano) was probably the earliest of this family. He came from the school of Andrea da Murano, and his works show the influence of Gentile da Fabriano. The earliest known date of a picture of his, an altarpiece in the Venetian academy, is 1440; the latest, in the Lateran museum, 1464, but he appears to have been alive in 1470. He worked in company with a certain "Joannes de Alemania", who has been (with considerable doubt) regarded as a brother (Giovanni of Murano), but no trace of this painter exists of a date later than 1447. After 1447 Antonio painted either alone or in combination with his younger brother Bartolomeo. The works of Antonio are well drawn for their epoch, with a certain noticeable degree of softness, and with good flesh and other tints. Three of his principal paintings are the Virgin Enthroned with the Four Doctors of the Church, the Coronation of the Virgin and SS Peter and Jerome. The first two (in which Giovanni cooperated) are in the Venetian Accademia, the third in the National Gallery, London. This gallery contains also specimens of the two following painters.
* Bartolomeo Vivarini is known to have worked from 1450 to 1499. He learned oil painting from Antonello da Messina, and is said to have produced, in 1473, the first oil picture done in Venice. This is in the church of San Giovanni e Paolo, a large altarpiece in nine divisions, representing Augustine and other saints. Most of his works, however, including one in the National Gallery, are in tempera. His outline is always hard, and his color good; the figures have much dignified and devout expression. As vivarino means in Italian a goldfinch, he sometimes drew a goldfinch as the signature of his pictures.
* Luigi or Alvise Vivarini, born c. 1446, painted from 1475 until his death in 1502. It has sometimes been supposed that, besides the Luigi who was the latest of this pictorial family, there had also been another Luigi who was the earliest, this supposition being founded on the fact that one picture is signed with the name, with the date 1414. There is good ground, however, for considering this date to be a forgery of a later time. The works of Luigi show an advance on those of his predecessors, and some of them are productions of high attainment; one of the best was executed for the Scuola di San Girolamo in Venice, representing the saint caressing his lion, and some monks decamping in terror. Other works by him are in Treviso and in Milan. He painted some remarkable portraits. Marco Basaiti was one of his pupils.
# Garth Mullins

Garth Mullins is a Canadian radio producer, activist, methadone user, and musician. He is the host of the Crackdown podcast and a board member of Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users.
His podcast won The Canadian Hillman Prize in 2020.

## Early life

Mullins grew up in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories in the 1970s.
He was bullied in school about his albinism. During high school he worked in banking and construction; after high school he worked in a mine in Northwest Territories. Being blind was a barrier to employment opportunities, prompting him to return to studies at the University of Victoria. While studying, he hosted a radio show called The War Measures Act and took heroin for the first time at the age of 19. After graduating from the University of Victoria, he studied political sociology at the London School of Economics, while writing articles for the Vancouver Sun.

## Later life and views

Mullins has hosted the monthly Crackdown podcast since 2019. His team won The Canadian Hillman Prize in 2020.
A previous intravenous user of heroin, Mullins is a user of methadone. He speaks about his own use of drugs on the Crackdown podcast hoping to inprove public education. He serves on the board of directors of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users. Mullins describes how he sees the war on drugs as still affecting people in contemporary times. He is an advocate for the legalisation of street drugs, and has campaigned against the planned expansion in scope of Canada's Medical Assistance in Dying permissibility to include people with disabilities.
Mullins performs as a musician in the band Legally Blind.
# Deperdussin 1912 Racing Monoplane

The Deperdussin 1912 Racing Monoplane was a French aircraft built by Société de Production des Aéroplanes Deperdussin especially for racing. It is notable for being the first aircraft to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h) in level flight.

## Design and development

The Deperdussin 1912 Racer, was a high-wing monoplane with wings which were tapered so that their chord was greater at the tips (1.60 m wide) than at the root (1.30 m wide), this producing better wing-warping for lateral control. The fuselage consisted of a wooden box-girder entirely skinned with plywood, with the rounded top and bottom built up from laminations of wood.
It was powered by a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome double Omega 14-cylinder twin-row rotary engine .
It was first flown late in 1911 or early in 1912; Jules Védrines is recorded as making "fast flights" in the aircraft on 2 January 1912. A number of record-breaking flights followed, and on 22 February Védrines succeeded in flying it at over 100 mph (160 km/h), flying a distance of 200 km (120 mi) in 1 h 15 min 20.8 s, an average speed of 169 km/h (105 mph) By this time the engine had been replaced by the more powerful 140 hp (100 kW) Gnome double Lambda engine.
It is probable that this aircraft was the one being flown by Védrines when he crashed at Épinay on 29 April during an attempt to fly from Brussels to Madrid in a single day.

## Specifications (first example)

Data from Flight International
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Length: 7.0 m (23 ft)
* Wingspan: 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in)
* Height: 2.30 m (7 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 9.3 m$^2$ (100 sq ft)
* Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda Lambda 14-cylinder twin-row air-cooled rotary, 100 kW (140 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed Chauvière, 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 169 km/h (105 mph, 91 kn) (speed measured flying a circuit)
# Mixed Blood (1916 film)

Mixed Blood is a 1916 Western film directed by Charles Swickard, and starring Claire McDowell. It is not known whether the film currently survives.

## Plot

Nita Valyez, half Spanish and half Irish, is both attracted and disgusted by Carlos, a violent and dangerous man. At the same time, Sheriff Big Jim takes a lukewarm interest in her. When Carlos kills a trader, he forces her to flee with him. Jim, having set out on their trail, finds them in a small town on the border where an epidemic is raging. Carlos is dying and Nita takes care of him with great devotion. Jim, though touched by her manifestation of love, takes Nita away from her, both to save her and to convince her to love him.

## Cast

* Claire McDowell as Nita Valyez
* George Beranger as Carlos
* Roy Stewart as Big Jim
* Wilbur Higby as Joe Nagle
* Jessie Arnold as Lottie Nagle
* Harry Archer as Blootch White
# Miszla

Miszla is a village in Tolna County, Hungary.
# Orbexilum onobrychis

Orbexilum onobrychis, commonly called French-grass or lanceleaf scurfpea, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is native to the eastern United States where its range is concentrated in the Midwest and Upper South. Its natural habitat is primarily prairies and riverbanks, typically in mesic or wet areas. It is an uncommon species, and can be found in high-quality prairie remnants as well as more disturbed areas.
It is a rhizomatous perennial that forms large colonies. It has pinnately trifoliate leaves, with large lanceolate leaflets. Its flowers are pale blue or purple, and produced in racemes. Bloom time is from late spring to early summer. Its fruits are beans, which are 6–8 mm long and distinctively warty.
The caterpillars of the rare moth Hystrichophora loricana are known to use Orbexilum onobrychis as their exclusive foodplant.
# Miriam Martínez Rico

Miriam Martínez Rico (born 19 September 1990) is a Spanish Paralympic athlete. She won the silver medal in the women's shot put F36 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
# Gary A. Tanaka

Gary A. Tanaka (born June 23, 1943, in Hunt, Idaho) is an American businessman, convicted securities fraudster, sportsman and philanthropist who co-founded the investment company Amerindo Investment Advisors in 1979 along with Alberto Vilar.

## Early life and education

Tanaka was born during World War II in the Minidoka Internment Camp in Idaho during the period of Japanese internment. He graduated from MIT, then earned a PhD degree at Imperial College London in the United Kingdom with a dissertation on the mathematics of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in a fluid flowing over a solid surface.

## Personal life

Tanaka lives in London with his wife and two children in a house which was once Dwight D. Eisenhower's wartime headquarters. Tanaka has two adult sons, Mark Tanaka, who is also a fund manager, most recently of Sanno Point Capital Management and Michael Tanaka, a notable businessman based in the UK.

## Philanthropy

Tanaka was known for his donation of £27m to Imperial College, which resulted in construction of the Tanaka Building in 2004, designed by the international architecture, planning and design studio Foster and Partners. The building houses Imperial College Business School, and combines the business school's facilities with a new front entrance for the College. He was also known for the high-profile court case against him in 2008.
In August 2008, the Business School at Imperial College London was renamed from "Tanaka Business School" to "Imperial College Business School" both because the old name did not strongly emphasise its association with the College, and because Tanaka was found guilty of fraud the same year. The school's accommodation was subsequently named "the Tanaka Building". An alternative speculation is that the college changed the name of the school to distance itself from Tanaka's fraudulent activities.

## Legal issues

Tanaka was tried in 2008 in New York for a $20 million fraud against customers of the Amerindo investment company he ran with Alberto Vilar. In November 2008 he was found guilty of conspiracy, securities fraud and investment adviser fraud. Tanaka was sentenced to five years in jail in early 2010. The sentence was later extended to six years.

## Thoroughbred horse racing

Dr. Tanaka owns a significant thoroughbred racing stable. His horses have won major races in Europe, North America plus prestigious Asian events, notably the Hong Kong Mile and the Singapore Airlines International Cup. The success of his stable has come in large part from his ability to spot quality thoroughbreds racing in other countries and bring them to the US where they can run for larger purses, thus raising their resale and stud value.
# Crest, Missouri

Crest is an unincorporated community in Benton County, Missouri, United States. Crest is located 3.7 miles (6.0 km) east of Cole Camp.
The community was so named on account of its lofty elevation.
# Agostino Falivene

Agostino Falivene was born at Giffoni Valle Piana in the province of Salerno. Falivene was a member of the Order of the Servants of Maria, and a Roman Catholic bishop of the island of Capri from 25 September 1528 to 24 April 1534. Pope Paul III transferred him to the island of Ischia where he died in 1548. His tomb is in the castle of Ischia.