OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vuelta a Castilla y León

The Vuelta Ciclista a Castilla y León is a professional road bicycle stage race held in Castile and León, Spain. Since 2005, it has been a part of the UCI Europe Tour. In 2024, the race was held as a single day event.

## Past winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 1985 | Spain | Jesús Blanco | Teka |
| 1986 | Spain | Alfonso Gutiérrez | Teka |
| 1987 | Spain | Alfonso Gutiérrez | Teka |
| 1988 | West Germany | Raimund Dietzen | Teka |
| 1989 | Spain | Federico Echave | B.H. Sport |
| 1991 | Spain | José Rodríguez García | Seur |
| 1992 | Russia | Asiat Saitov | Kelme–Don Cafe |
| 1993 | Spain | Miguel Induráin | Banesto |
| 1994 | Spain | Melcior Mauri | Banesto |
| 1995 | Spain | Santiago Blanco | Banesto |
| 1996 | Italy | Andrea Peron | Motorola |
| 1997 | Spain | Ángel Casero | Banesto |
| 1998 | Spain | Aitor Garmendia | Banesto |
| 1999 | Italy | Leonardo Piepoli | Banesto |
| 2000 | Spain | Francisco Mancebo | Banesto |
| 2001 | Spain | Marcos Serrano | iBanesto.com |
| 2002 | Spain | Juan Miguel Mercado | iBanesto.com |
| 2003 | Spain | Francisco Mancebo | iBanesto.com |
| 2004 | Spain | Koldo Gil | Liberty Seguros |
| 2005 | Spain | Carlos García Quesada | Comunidad Valenciana–Elche |
| 2006 | Kazakhstan | Alexander Vinokourov | Liberty Seguros–Würth |
| 2007 | Spain | Alberto Contador | Discovery Channel |
| 2008 | Spain | Alberto Contador | Astana |
| 2009 | United States | Levi Leipheimer | Astana |
| 2010 | Spain | Alberto Contador | Astana |
| 2011 | Spain | Xavier Tondo | Movistar Team |
| 2012 | Spain | Javier Moreno | Movistar Team |
| 2013 | Spain | Rubén Plaza | Movistar Team |
| 2014 | Spain | David Belda | Burgos BH–Castilla y León |
| 2015 | France | Pierre Rolland | Team Europcar |
| 2016 | Spain | Alejandro Valverde | Movistar Team |
| 2017 | France | Jonathan Hivert | Direct Énergie |
| 2018 | Spain | Rubén Plaza | Israel Cycling Academy |
| 2019 | Italy | Davide Cimolai | Israel Cycling Academy |
| 2020 | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | France | Matis Louvel | Arkéa–Samsic |
| 2022 | Great Britain | Simon Yates | Team BikeExchange–Jayco |
| 2023 | Argentina | Eduardo Sepúlveda | Lotto–Dstny |
| 2024 | Australia | Caleb Ewan | Team Jayco–AlUla |
# Eledone massyae

Eledone massyae, the combed octopus, is a small benthic octopus found off the Atlantic coasts of southern South America, particularly Argentina and southern Brazil.

## Description

The body is rounded and slightly flattened dorso-ventrally. The head is narrower than the mantle and separated by a slight constriction. The opening in the mantle is very large and the arms are the same length. The suckers are small, separated from one another and deeply anchored in the arm. The third arm possesses a hypocotyl in the male individuals. Also in males, other arms have suckers that decrease in number until the tip of the arm. After the last sucker are two ranges of papillae that diverge on the sides. On female individuals, the arms are not modified.
Females have a variable size ranging from 24 to 91 mm and males vary between 22 and 80 mm.
Eledone massyae feeds mostly on macro crustaceans such as crabs from the family Portunidae as well as polychaetes and mullusks.

## Distribution

Eledone massyae is found seasonally along the continental shelf of Rio de Janeiro. Its distribution ranges from Rio de Janeiro to the Peninsula Valdez in Argentina.

## Habitat and ecology

It lives in sandy and muddy areas of the middle and outer continental shelf of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean between 30° and 34°S, mainly in waters off Argentina and southern Brazil. In these areas it appears to be sympatric with a scarcer cogener, Eledone gaucha.
The species is found on the bottom of slopes. During spring and summer, it is found in cold waters of maximum 18 degrees Celsius and around 60 meters deep. In autumn, it is found rather close to continental shelves with a maximum temperature of 21 degrees Celsius while in winter, it is found close to continental shelves with subantarctic cold water influences.

## Reproduction

The lifespan of E. massyae is approximately around two years. Females die after a single spawning that takes place in autumn around November. The eggs hatch around March. It is supposed that they are attached to a solid substrate such as rocks. Juveniles appear in summer on the continental shelf where they grow and reach sexual maturity in spring or summer of their second year.
Like other species of Eledone, female Eledone massyae are able to store sperm when they are not sexually mature in order to use it when they reach sexual maturity. The sperm could be stored for three months between copulation and spawning.
The process of maturation of E. massyae is different regarding each sex. Females become sexually mature when the ovary enlarges as a result of yolk production. This enlargement occurs late in the life of the individual. In males, the process of sexual maturation is complex and begins early in the individual's life. It is strongly correlated with body size.
# Mericisca perpictaria

Mericisca perpictaria is a species of moth in the family Geometridae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1916. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Mericisca perpictaria is 6606.
# Eschscholzia minutiflora

Eschscholzia minutiflora is a species of poppy known by the common name pygmy poppy.
It is native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. This wildflower is an annual herb growing from a patch of segmented leaves with divided, rounded leaflets. The thin, erect or nodding stems may be very short or up to 35 centimeters tall. They bear small poppy flowers with petals varying in size from only a few millimeters long or up to two and a half centimeters in length, and bright yellow in color, sometimes with orange spotting. The fruit is a capsule 3 to 6 centimeters long containing tiny brown to black seeds.
The species contains three subspecies:
* Eschscholzia minutiflora subsp. minutiflora has the smallest flowers (petals 0.3-1.0 cm long), the broadest range, and n = 18 chromosomes.
* Eschscholzia minutiflora subsp. covillei (Greene) C.Clark has flowers of intermediate size (petals 0.6-1.8 cm long), n = 12 chromosomes, and is found in the Mojave Desert.
* Eschscholzia minutiflora subsp. twisselmannii C.Clark has the largest flowers (petals 1.0-2.6 cm long), n = 6 chromosomes, and occurs in the El Paso and Rand mountains of the Mojave Desert.
* Eschscholzia minutiflora subsp. minutiflora
* Eschscholzia minutiflora subsp. twisselmannii
# Expire

Expire was an American hardcore punk band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, active from 2009 to 2017. They were signed to Bridge 9 Records.

## History

Expire was formed in 2009. They released three full-length albums, three EPs and one split. They released their first full length, titled Pendulum Swings in 2012. They released their second full length, titled Pretty Low in 2014. Pretty Low peaked at No. 175 on the Billboard 200 chart. In August 2016, the band announced plans to break-up following the release of a new album, titled With Regret, and a few international tours. On March 11, 2017, they played their final show to a sold-out crowd in their hometown of Milwaukee.
Zach Dear and Marcus Boldt would go on to form the band Stone, while Caleb Murphy would go on to form the band Inclination. In January 2018, Stone disbanded following a large wave of sexual assault accusations against Zach Dear, resulting in all members of both Expire and Stone publicly denouncing Zach and donating all band funds to RAINN.

## Members

* Josh Kelting – vocals
* Zach Dear – guitar
* Marcus Boldt – drums
* Caleb Murphy – bass

## Discography

Studio albums
* Pendulum Swings (2012)
* Pretty Low (2014)
* With Regret (2016)
EPs
* Grim Rhythm (2010)
* Suffer the Cycle (2011)
* Sink with Me (2012)
Splits
* Expire / Soul Control (2013)
Compilation albums
* Old Songs (2016)
# Andrzej Stanisław Załuski

Andrzej Stanisław Kostka Załuski (2 December 1695 – 16 December 1758) was a priest (bishop) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In his religious career he held the posts of abbot and later Bishop of Płock (from 1723), bishop of Łuck (1736), Bishop of Chełmno (1739) and Bishop of Cracow (1746). He was a supporter of the Jesuits in Poland.
A member of the Polish nobility (szlachta) of the Junosza coat of arms, he also held the position of the Great Crown Chancellor from 1735 to 1746. As a politician he was engaged in the movement that wanted to reform the failing political system of the Commonwealth.
He studied in Danzig and Rome.
Załuski was a corresponding member of Societas eruditorum incognitorum in terris Austriacis, the first learned society in Habsuburg Austria.
Along with his brother Józef Andrzej Załuski, the bishop of Kiev, he co-founded Załuski Library, one of the largest 18th-century collections of books in the world. He also sponsored the seminary in Pułtusk.
# Natalya Vasilyeva-Kachatkova

Natalya Vasilyeva-Kachatkova (born 24 June 1948, Moscow) is a Belarusian actress. She was awarded Honored Artist of Belarus in 1990.

## Biography

Vasilyeva-Kachatkova is a daughter of the prominent actors Matrona Kuzmenka and Rygor Kachatkov. In 1971, she graduated from the Belarusian State Academy of Arts as a drama and film actress and started her career in the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre.
On 13 August 2020, following the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, a violent crackdown of peaceful anti-government protests, beating and torture of detainees by riot police, the Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre employees demanded to stop the violence and recalculate the votes in the presence of independent observers. On August 17, Pavel Latushko, general director of the theatre, was fired. On August 26, the majority of the theatre employees, including Natalia Vasilyeva-Kachatkova, resigned in protest.

## Theatrical work

Some of Natalia Kachatkova’s roles include:
* Adela (Merry - Not Grieve, a play by brothers Daletskiya and Mikhas Charot)
* Ruzana (Merry Road by Barys Vasilyev)
* Lusya (Lunatic’s Life by S. Zlotnikau)
* Malannya (Children of the Sun by Maxim Gorky)
* Pashlepkina (The Government Inspector by Nikolai Gogol)
* Dziana (Chicken by M. Kalyada)
* Fedra (Madness in Valencia by Lope de Vega)
* Golda (Commemorative Prayer based on Sholem Aleichem)
* Neryna (Unmarried Polygamist based on Moliere)
* Agata (Paulinka by Yanka Kupala)
* Kulina (Pinskaja Šliachta by Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich)
* Weaver (Night before Christmas by Nikolai Gogol)
* Glushachykha (People in the Swamp by Ivan Melezh)
* Babulia (Shabany by Alhierd Baharevich)
* Elsa (Elsa's Land by Elena Ganum)

## Awards

1990 - Honored Artist of Belarus
2005 - Badge of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus “For Contribution to the Development of Belarusian Culture”
# Epicormic shoot

An epicormic shoot is a shoot growing from an epicormic bud, which lies underneath the bark of a trunk, stem, or branch of a plant.
Epicormic buds lie dormant beneath the bark, their growth suppressed by hormones from active shoots higher up the plant. Under certain conditions, they grow into active shoots, such as when damage occurs to higher parts of the plant, or light levels are increased following removal of nearby plants. Epicormic buds and shoots occur in many woody species, but are absent from many others, such as most conifers.

## Function

Human horticultural practices that exploit epicormic growth rely on plants that have epicormic budding capabilities for regenerative function in response to crown damage, such as through wind or fire.
Epicormic shoots are the means by which trees regrow after coppicing or pollarding, where the tree's trunk or branches are cut back on a regular cycle. These forestry techniques cannot be used on species which do not possess strong epicormic growth abilities.
Pruning leads to growth of suppressed shoots below the cut – these may be from epicormic buds, but they may also be other growth, such as normal buds or small shoots which are only partly suppressed.

## Examples

Epicormic resprouting is typical of some tree species from fire-prone ecosystems.
As one of their responses to frequent bushfires which would destroy most other plants, many Eucalypt trees found widely throughout Australia have extensive epicormic buds which sprout following a fire, allowing the vegetative regeneration of branches from their trunks. These epicormic buds are highly protected, set deeper beneath the thick bark than in other tree species, allowing both the buds and vascular cambium to be insulated from the intense heat. Not all eucalypt trees possess this means of vegetative recovery, and the ability of a tree to survive and re-sprout depends on many factors, such as fire intensity, scorch height, and tree height, species, age, and size. Jarrah trees, found in the south-west of Western Australia, have epicormic buds which are activated after a bushfire or other extreme conditions.
The Mediterranean Quercus suber (cork oak) resprouts from epicormic buds after fire.
Dogwood trees – which are susceptible to a fungal infection known as dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva) – will sometimes send out epicormic shoots when they are dying from the disease. Similarly, ash trees may develop epicormic shoots when infested by the emerald ash borer.
Epicormic shoots can be used in mass propagation of oak trees.
The long-lived Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (bigcone Douglas fir) forms epicormic shoots both in response to fire damage and as a means of forming growth on existing branches. The epicormic branching pattern has been observed to six iterations.
# Orvilliers-Saint-Julien

Orvilliers-Saint-Julien (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.
# Edward Harris (ornithologist)

Edward Harris (September 7, 1799 – June 8, 1863) was a farmer, horse breeder, philanthropist, naturalist, and ornithologist who accompanied John James Audubon on two of his expeditions to observe birds and mammals of America. Harris was commemorated by Audubon in the common names of the Harris's hawk, the Harris's sparrow, and the Harris's antelope squirrel, and by John Cassin in the binomial of the buff-fronted owl, Aegolius harrisii.
Edward Harris introduced the Percheron horse to America in 1839 and established the first Percheron breeding line in the United States.

## Life

In 1798, Edward Harris, Sr. purchased the Smith–Cadbury Mansion and farm, located near the center of Moorestown, New Jersey, where Edward Harris, Jr. was born the following year. After inheriting the property at his father's death in 1822, Edward Harris, Jr. lived there and farmed the land until 1849.
He met the ornithologist John James Audubon in 1824 after which the two men became close friends, Harris providing Audubon with some financial assistance for the publication of Birds of America.
Harris took part in two of Audubon's expeditions: in the spring of 1837 in the Gulf of Mexico, and in 1843 along the Missouri River.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Percheron Park
* ↑ Mischka, pp. 34-5
* 1 2 3 Smith-Cadbury Mansion Courtesy of Moorestown Historical Society
# Geerdijk

Geerdijk is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Twenterand. It became a village in 2009.

## History

Geerdijk was founded in the mid-19th century along the canal Almelo–De Haandrik as a peat excavation village. It was a Catholic enclave which was settled by colonists from neighbouring Germany and the area around Slagharen and Dedemsvaart. In 1868, an independent parish was established.
In 1906, the Geerdijk railway station opened on the Mariënberg–Almelo railway, and closed on 29 April 2016. It was closed, because there were not enough passengers and Arriva wanted to increase the speed to allow an extension of the line to Hardenberg.
Geerdijk used to be part of the municipality of Den Ham. In 2001, it was merged into Twenterand. It was considered a hamlet of Vroomshoop. In 2009, Geerdijk separated from Vroomshoop, and became a village.

## Gallery

* Oldest extant house from 1878
* Church of Geerdijk
* Geerdijk railway station
* Repos Ailleurs
# Nursery Stakes

The Nursery Stakes, or other designations incorporating the word "Nursery", refers to a Thoroughbred horse race used by racetracks worldwide to identify it as a novice race exclusively for two-year-olds, the age a horse is first legally allowed to compete.
In use since the 18th century, it is today still used but is a somewhat dated term. In recent decades the Nursery designation in a race title has often been supplanted by the term "Juvenile". Current or defunct "Nursery" races include:
Australia:
* VATC Gwyn Nursery at Caulfield Racecourse
* RRC Nursery Handicap.
United States:
* Nursery Stakes at Belmont Park
* Pimlico Nursery Stakes at Pimlico Race Course
* Pennsylvania Nursery Stakes at Philadelphia Park Racetrack
* Santa Catalina Nursery Stakes at Santa Anita Park.
Great Britain:
* Nursery Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse
* Princes of Wales's Nursery Plate at Doncaster Racecourse.
South Africa:
# Mericisca scobina

Mericisca scobina is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Mericisca scobina is 6607.
# Oporoma

Oporoma is a community located in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
# Market depth

In finance, market depth is a real-time list displaying the quantity to be sold versus unit price. The list is organized by price level and is reflective of real-time market activity. Mathematically, it is the size of an order needed to move the market price by a given amount. If the market is deep, a large order is needed to change the price.

## Factors influencing market depth

* Tick size. This refers to the minimum price increment at which trades may be made on the market. The major stock markets in the United States went through a process of decimalisation in April 2001. This switched the minimum increment from a sixteenth to a one hundredth of a dollar. This decision improved market depth.
* Price movement restrictions. Most major financial markets do not allow completely free exchange of the products they trade, but instead restrict price movement in well-intentioned ways. These include session price change limits on major commodity markets and program trading curbs on the NYSE, which disallow certain large basket trades after the Dow Jones Industrial Average has moved up or down 200 points in a session.
* Trading restrictions. These include futures contract and options position limits as well as the widely used uptick rule for US stocks. These prevent market participants from adding to depth when they might otherwise choose to do so.
* Allowable leverage. Major markets and governing bodies typically set minimum margin requirements for trading various products. While this may act to stabilize the marketplace, it decreases the market depth simply because participants otherwise willing to take on very high leverage cannot do so without providing more capital.
* Market transparency. While the latest bid or ask price is usually available for most participants, additional information about the size of these offers and pending bids or offers that are not the best are sometimes hidden for reasons of technical complexity or simplicity. This decrease in available information can affect the willingness of participants to add to market depth.
In some cases, the term refers to financial data feeds available from exchanges or brokers. An example would be NASDAQ Level II quote data.
# Olho d'Água

Olho d'Água is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

## Demographics

According to the 2020 IBGE statistics, 6,462 people live in this municipality.

## Attractions

In the Recanto Ecológico Rio da Prata wildlife park, the Olho D'Água river gets flooded every seven years, submerging the local hiking trails. This has become an attractive venue for divers.
# Narayan Sanyal (politician)

Narayan Sanyal (died 17 April 2017) commonly known as Bijoy da and Naveen Prasad was a Maoist ideologue and a Politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist). He was one of the earliest comrade of Naxal leader Charu Majumdar and member of undivided Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). It is claimed that at the time of arrest Narayan Sanyal was next only to CPI (Maoist) the then general secretary Muppala Lakshmana Rao alias Ganapathy.

## Early life

Sanyal was born in Bogra District of Bangladesh. His father was a district leader of Indian National Congress. The family of sanyal shifted to India in 1940s. After completion of the education he joined in a service of United Bank of India in Kolkata. In 1960s he left the job and participated in Far-left politics.

## Political life

Sanyal was initially associated with the Man-Money-Gun group founded by Bengali revolutionary Ananta Singh, until the Naxalbari uprising erupted in 1967. In 1969, he went to Bihar and started working under Satyanarayan Singh, the then politburo member of CPI(ML). In 1971, Sanyal led pro-Majumdar unit of CPI(ML) in Bihar and organized members in the Jehanabad - Palamu belt. He was arrested in 1973 and was released in 1977 after the first Left Front government released political prisoners. In 1978, he along with others formed the group named CPI(ML) Party Unity. He became the general secretary of that group in 1987. This group was merged with CPI(ML)(People’s War) in 1998.
While Sanyal was working in Bastar region in Chhattisgarh, he facilitated the merger with unified Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War and Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCC) in 2004. He also became politburo member of Communist Party of India (Maoist). Sanyal was also active in Palamu region of Jharkhand.

## Death

Sanyal was arrested again in December 2005 from Raipur, Chhattisgarh but released from jail in 2014 due to ill health. At 78 he died in Kolkata on 17 April 2017 due to suffering from multiple ailments, including cancer.
# Edward Stanhope (disambiguation)

Edward Stanhope (1840–1893) was a British politician.
Edward Stanhope may also refer to:
* Edward Stanhope (died 1603), MP for Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency) and Yorkshire
* Edward Stanhope (died 1608), MP for Marlborough
* Edward Stanhope (died 1646), MP for Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)
# Edward Harrington (poet)

Edward Phillip Harrington (28 September 1895 – 28 May 1966) was an Australian poet and short story writer, the last of the bush balladists.
Born in Shepparton, in central Victoria, Harrington was the fourth child of Philip Harrington, a farmer from Ireland, and his Australian wife, Margaret O'Brien. Edward Harrington served in Palestine with the Australian Light Horse during the First World War, and took part in the charge on Beersheba. He was discharged in 1919 with a repatriation pension, as he needed medical attention for the rest of his life. Harrington was a founding member of the Australian Poetry Lovers' Society (1934) and the Bread and Cheese Club (1938). He is generally referred to as the last of the Bush Balladists.
# Diasemiodes eudamidasalis

Diasemiodes eudamidasalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Herbert Druce in 1899. It is found in Mexico (Xalapa), Costa Rica and Florida.