OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Max Uhle

Friedrich Max Uhle (25 March 1856 – 11 May 1944) was a German archaeologist, whose work in Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia at the turn of the Twentieth Century had a significant impact on the practice of archaeology of South America.

## Biography

Uhle was born in Dresden, Germany[then Kingdom of Saxony] on 25 March 1856 and received his Ph.D. in 1880 from the University of Leipzig. He married Charlotte Grosse from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he worked at the University of Pennsylvania for several years.
Trained as a philologist, Uhle became interested in Peru while a curator at Dresden Museum. In 1888, a close friend, Alphons Stübel, who had recently published an article on the history of Peruvian archaeology, suggested Uhle concentrate his studies on that region. He first traveled to South America in 1892 to initiate research in Argentina and Bolivia for the Konigliches Museum fur Völkerkunde in Berlin, Germany. In that same year he published "The Ruins of Tiahuanaco in the Highlands of Ancient Peru," with photographer and engineer B. von Grumbkow. This extensive work is considered the first in depth scientific account of the ancient site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia.
Uhle returned to South America in 1896, now sponsored by the American Exploration Society in Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. He also enjoyed the patronage of Mrs. Phoebe Hearst, the mother of William Randolph Hearst. He undertook excavations at Pachacamac, near the coast of Peru, and on Mochica and Chimu sites. His site report of work at Pachacamac was highly praised and is still used as a basic text for studying South American archaeology. He recognized versions of Tiwanaku stone sculpture imagery on ceramics, textiles, and other artifacts in these coastal sites. On this trip, he recovered approximately 9,000 artifacts spanning over 3,000 years of Andean pre-history. These included Nazca pottery, shells, textiles, metals, objects made of wood and other plant material, and objects constructed of animal materials such as feathers, bone, and leather. He concentrated on the dating of these artifacts, and established a system primarily based on textile design. Artifacts found in the Mocha Valley were dated based on the sequential position of Inca ceramic styles. This early dating was later advanced by American archaeologist Alfred Kroeber and is one of the key points in understanding the chronology of pre-Inca Peru. Uhle later worked in the highlands of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. In 1917 he was the first to scientifically describe the Chinchorro mummies.
Max Ulhe also participated in numerous paleontological excavations. In 1926, Max Uhle and paleontologist, Franz Spillmann, excavated, about 12 km east of Quito, Ecuador, an almost complete mastodon skeleton, together with associated obsidian and bone tools and about 150 potsherds.
Uhle also made a notable contribution to North American archaeology in excavations of the Emeryville shell-mound in San Francisco Bay, California. The German-Peruvian Max Uhle School in Arequipa, Peru was named after him.
# Live in London (Testament album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Stylus Magazine | B− |
Live in London is a live album by American thrash metal band Testament, released on CD and DVD on November 1, 2005. It features the original Testament line up of Chuck Billy, Greg Christian, Louie Clemente, Eric Peterson, and Alex Skolnick, although John Tempesta played drums from the beginning of the show up to "Trial by Fire"; he was then replaced by original drummer Clemente for the remainder of the show. This was the third show of the 10 Days in May Tour. Backstage footage is included from the Innsbruck, Austria date on May 12, 2005, among others.
The DVD release features three audio mixes as well as a short interview with the band members.

## Personnel

* Chuck Billy: vocals
* Alex Skolnick: lead guitar
* Eric Peterson: rhythm/lead guitar
* Greg Christian: bass
* John Tempesta: drums (tracks 1–8)
* Louie Clemente: drums (tracks 9–14)
* Andy Sneap: mixing
# Dexodomintho

Dexodomintho is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Dexodomintho fumipennis Townsend, 1935

## Distribution

Brazil.
# The Chitiwan Chepang Hill Trail

The Chitwan Chepang Hill Trail is one week trekking route that runs from Hugdi River near Krishna Bhir, Dhading District and ends at Shaktikhor, Chitwan District. The Chitwan Chepang Hill Trail passes through remote village of Chepang.
# Walking Shadows

Walking Shadows is a studio album by jazz saxophonist Joshua Redman. It was released in 2013 by Nonesuch Records.

## Music and recording

The arrangements were written by Dan Coleman, Patrick Zimmerli, and Brad Mehldau. Mehldau was also the producer. Most of the tracks include strings, but some, including "Stop This Train" and "Let It Be", are small-group performances.
The album was recorded on September 27–29, 2012, at Avatar Studios in New York City. It was released by Nonesuch Records on May 7, 2013.

## Reception

The AllMusic reviewer suggested that "These are some of the most nuanced, lyrical, and romantic recordings Redman has ever produced. " John Fordham wrote that "It's a beautifully played project, but perhaps a shade on the tasteful side for some jazzers."
Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 75/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| All About Jazz | |
| AllMusic | |
| The Guardian | |
| The Irish Times | |
| Jazzwise | |
| musicOMH | |
| PopMatters | 8/10 |
| Spin | |
| Tom Hull | B− |

## Personnel

* Joshua Redman – tenor saxophone
* Brad Mehldau – piano
* Larry Grenadier – bass
* Brian Blade – drums
* Dan Coleman - string arrangements, orchestra director
* Avril Brown – violin
* Christina Courtin – violin
* Karen Karlsrud – violin
* Ann Leathers – violin
* Katherine Livolsi-Landau – violin
* Joanna Maurer – violin
* Courtney Orlando – violin
* Yuri Vodovos – violin
* Vincent Lionti – viola
* Daniel Panner – viola
* Dov Scheindlin – viola
* Stephanie Cummins – cello
* Eugene Moye – cello
* Ellen Westermann – cello
* Timothy Cobb – bass
* Pamela Sklar – flute
* Robert Carlisle – French horn

## Charts

Chart performance for Walking Shadows :
| Chart (2013) | Peak position |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 165 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 192 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 153 |
| US Top Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 4 |
# Elizabeth Napper

Elizabeth Napper is the author of Dependent-Arising and Emptiness, A Tibetan Buddhist Interpretation of Madhyamika Philosophy, Emphasizing the Compatibility of Emptiness and Conventional Phenomena. She has a PhD in Buddhist Studies from the University of Virginia. The book is based on her PhD thesis, supported by a Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship.
The book deals with the research of Emptiness, a topic within the philosophy of Buddhism.
She is currently co-director of the Tibetan Nuns Project, which supports nuns and their education in India and Tibet.
   "Co-Director of the Tibetan Nuns Project, Elizabeth Napper, has a PhD in Buddhist Studies. She has taught at the University of Virginia, Stanford, and Hawaii, and has four times led University of Michigan students in a summer course in Tibet. Since 1991 she has lived mainly in Dharamsala, India, where she has helped to open up educational opportunities for Tibetan Buddhist nuns. Her translations include Mind in Tibetan Buddhism by Lati Rinpoche and Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path (three sections in the three-volume translation). Her other publications include Dependent-Arising and Emptiness; Fluent Tibetan: A Proficiency Oriented Learning System, Novice and Intermediate Levels by William A. Magee and Elizabeth Napper, Jeffrey Hopkins, General Editor; and Kindness, Clarity, and Insight by His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Co-Editor."
# David Walsh (writer)

David Walsh (born August 1, 1949 in New York City, New York) is an American film critic and the Arts Editor for the World Socialist Web Site.

## Works

* French Workers in Revolt: A New Stage in the Class Struggle, November–December 1995. ISBN 978-99964-1-673-6
* The Aesthetic Component of Socialism. ISBN 978-1-875639-23-6
* Hollywood Honors Elia Kazan: Filmmaker and Informer. ISBN 0-929087-98-4
* The Detroit Symphony Strike and the Defense of Culture in the US. ISBN 978-1-893638-10-5
* The Sky Between the Leaves: Film reviews, essays & interviews 1992-2012. ISBN 978-189363827-3
# Voluntary System of Accountability

The Voluntary System of Accountability (VSA) and its College Portraits website was a college search tool for prospective students and an accountability tool for public institutions.
Students and their families used the College Portraits to find a presentation of comparable information that comes directly from public universities.
Participating institutions used the College Portraits to provide common information prospective students and families. Institutions and systems used the College Portraits to meet accountability requirements from governing boards, state legislatures, state coordinating offices, and other outside groups, often reducing their burden and duplication of effort. The College Portraits was also used for the accreditation process as evidence of student learning outcomes, institutional improvement, transparency, and commitment to the public good.
A joint project of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) and the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) in collaboration with the higher education community, VSA became VSA Analytics in 2017 - an analytics tool that aggregates publicly available data from IPEDS, NSF, the College Scorecard, and the Student Achievement Measure. Institutions of higher education use the tool create custom peer groups for benchmarking and longitudinal analysis to support strategic planning.
# Maxine Black

Maxine Black may refer to:
* Max Black, character in 2 Broke Girls
* Maxine Black, character in Last Time Out played by Betty Buckley
# Mahjoub Mohamed Salih

Mahjoub Mohamed Salih (12 April 1928 – 13 February 2024) was a Sudanese journalist. He was awarded the 2005 Golden Pen of Freedom.

## Biography

Salih became a journalist in 1949 after joining the Sudanese independence movement from Egypt. He founded the oldest independent newspaper in Sudan, Al Ayam, in 1958. Twice closed by the Sudanese government during the 1960s, it became a product of it in 1970. Salih did not publish it again until 1986. This was not the end of his troubles with the law, as it was again closed from 1989 to 2000.
In 2003, he began covering the War in Darfur. For this, his newspaper was stopped, punished, and from November 2003 to January 2004, closed down. However, Sudanese authorities claimed it was due to Al-Ayem's failure to pay their taxes. In any case, its journalists have been fined, and sensitive or controversial issues have been confiscated by Sudanese authorities. Salih personally was incarcerated "numerous" times for publishing such issues.
Salih received Golden Pen of Freedom in 2005, during the opening ceremonies of the 58th World Newspaper Congress and the 12th World Editors Forum, the global meetings of the Earth's press. It has been awarded annually since 1961 for the stated purpose of "recognis[ing] outstanding action by an individual, a group or an institution in the cause of press freedom." In attendance of the ceremony were the President of South Korea, Roh Moo-Hyun, several representatives from the diplomatic community, and over 1,300 journalists, publishers, and editors of newspapers in 82 countries.
In July 2005, Sudanese authorities suspended their censorship of the press. A new law was put into place requiring that they have to take the journalist to court, instead of immediately punishing them. Salih became the application of that law, after Al-Ayam published an article seen as demeaning to the armed forces.
In 2015 Salih identified the pressure against journalist in Sudan as having intensified from times past.
Salih died on 13 February 2024, at the age of 95.
# A100

A100, A.100 or A-100 may refer to:

## Technology

* Intel A100, one branding of the ultra low-power mobile Stealey processor by Intel
* DSLR-A100 aka Sony α100, Sony's first digital SLR camera with A-mount
* Nvidia A100, an Ampere GPU
* Sony NW-A100, a Walkman A Series digital audio player
* Doepfer A-100, a German synthesizer

## Transportation and military

* A-100 Class, the colloquial name given to the introductory/orientation training class for incoming Foreign Service Officers
* A-100 (multiple rocket launcher), a 10 tube multiple rocket launcher used by the People's Liberation Army of China
* A100 road (England), a part of the London Inner Ring Road
* A100 road (Malaysia), a road in Perak connecting Kuala Kurau and Jalan Gula-Jalan Semanggol
* A-100 (rocket), the artillery for the A-100 multiple rocket launcher
* Aero A.100, a 1933 Czechoslovakian biplane light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft
* Astra A-100, a 1990 Spanish double-action/single-action semi-automatic pistol
* Beriev A-100, an airborne early warning and control (AWACS) aircraft under development for the Russian Air Force
* Bundesautobahn 100, a ring-road enclosing the city centre of Berlin
* Dodge A100, a Dodge van
# Eledone nigra

Eledone nigra is a little-known species of octopus described from one male and six females which were taken in Luderitz Bay, Namibia and has only been recorded subsequently in 1941, 1983 and 1991, all from Luderitz Bay.
# Odette de Mourgues

Odette de Mourgues (1914–1988) was a noted Cambridge based literary scholar. The early inspiration for her work was Henri Fluchere but at the University of Cambridge it was F. R. Leavis.

## Selected publications

* de Mourgues, O. (1953). Metaphysical Baroque and Précieux Poetry, by Odette de Mourgues,... Clarendon Press.
* de Mourgues, O. (1967). Autonomie de Racine. FeniXX.
# Oleksandr Driha

Oleksandr Driha, (Ukrainian: Олександр Дріга), is a Paralympian athlete from Ukraine competing mainly in category T37 middle-distance events.
Oleksandr competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics where he won gold in both the 400m and 800m, silver in the 1500m and was a part of the bronze medal Ukrainian relay teams in the 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m.
# Trifield

The Trifield process is a form of audio rendering in which a conventional two-channel signal is decoded (using Ambisonic principles) to an additional number of loudspeakers, typically three in the form of a Left-Centre-Right front stage. The technique provides significant additional image stability, especially when the listener is moving or off-axis.
It was developed by Dr Geoffrey Barton, a major figure in the "second wave" of original Ambisonics development, and Michael Gerzon. It should not be confused with a Yamaha system with a similar name.
Trifield also has applications in conventional surround mixing. There are several problems involved in mixing with an additional centre front channel for many engineers. The channel itself was originally designed for dialogue in matrix cinema surround systems and does not have a direct application in music mixing, where a 2-speaker stereo stage is generally, and traditionally, employed.
Many studio engineers with a background in conventional stereo music mixing find that simple panning of a source to the centre-front (CF) channel makes it fail to blend in with the stereo mix. However, if the CF channel is left silent, consumers may believe there is a fault with the disc or with their equipment. A way around this problem is offered by Trifield. The processor typically takes a 2-channel L-R signal and renders it for L-C-R, and no signals are sent to the CF except for those generated by the Trifield processor. Not only does CF content now blend with the mix: in addition, the resulting soundstage is more stable and listener-position independent, while the listener can confirm that something is actually emerging from their centre-front loudspeaker.
# Xiaotian, Anhui

Xiaotian (simplified Chinese: 晓天; traditional Chinese: 曉天; pinyin: Xiǎotiān) is a town under the administration of Shucheng County, Anhui, China. As of 2023, it administers one residential community and the following 28 villages:
* Longtan Village (龙潭村)
* Fangchong Village (方冲村)
* Sanyuan Village (三元村)
* Guochong Village (郭冲村)
* Wangchong Village (汪冲村)
* Zhuhe Village (朱河村)
* Nanyue Village (南岳村)
* Hegang Village (和岗村)
* Dahe Village (大河村)
* Zhenren Village (真仁村)
* Huangsha Village (黄沙村)
* Tiancang Village (天仓村)
* Shu'an Village (舒安村)
* Shuchuan Village (舒川村)
* Shuxing Village (舒兴村)
* Shuling Village (舒岭村)
* Baisangyuan Village (白桑园村)
* Shuanghe Village (双河村)
* Suping Village (苏平村)
* Tuoling Village (驮岭村)
* Zhangtian Village (张田村)
* Dushan Village (独山村)
* Huaihua Village (槐花村)
* Chawan Village (查湾村)
* Chuhe Village (褚河村)
* Longjing Village (龙井村)
* Dama Village (大马村)
* Taoli Village (桃李村)
# P. Duraipandi

P. Duraipandi was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu.

## Early and personal life

Duraipandi was born to a poor family, consisting of a railman, Periyampillai, and a housewife, Rakku, in a Mazhavarayanendhal village in Sivaganga district. He was educated in government school. Between caste differences in Indian society, he hailed as a successful doctor from Thanjavur Medical College, emerging as a successful politician in Manamadurai constituency. He is married to A. Manonmani, who was the chairman of Tiruppuvanam Panchayath. He has a son and a daughter, who are also doctors.

## Political career

He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Manamadurai constituency in the election of 1989. He was the first to establish a bus service for his village, Mazhavarayenthal. He was the only DMK candidate to be elected in Manamadurai since 1989.
# Vlašim family

The Vlašimi family was an old and prominent noble family in the Kingdom of Bohemia.

## History

Its members were knights and nobles, with history going back to the end of the 13th century. It divided into family lines: Vlašimskou, Jankovskou, Jenšteinskou, Nemyčevsi and Úsovskou.

## Coat of arms

The family coat of arms features the sable eagle of house of Vlastislaviců on a shield and, in the middle of 14th century, two gules vulture heads on silver shield. In 1615, the two were combined into the coat of arms of Jankovský z Vlašimi.
* Reference: Paprocki 1593
* Coat of arms featuring a sable eagle.
* Coat of arms featuring two gules vultures.
* Combined coat of arms of Jankovský z Vlašimi.
# Jennifer Brady (disambiguation)

Jennifer Brady (born 1995) is an American tennis player.
Jennifer Brady may also refer to:
* Jennifer Brady (politician), member of the Ohio House of Representatives
* Jennifer Brady, a character in the 1989 film Ten Little Indians
# Nørdre Kalvehølotinden

Nørdre Kalvehølotinden is a mountain in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,019-metre (6,624 ft) tall mountain is located about 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the village of Vang i Valdres. It is the 165th tallest peak in Norway. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Raslet and Rasletinden to the northeast, Kalvehøgde to the north, and Torfinnstindene to the northwest. The lake Bygdin lies just south of the mountain.
# Diuris aurea

Diuris aurea, commonly known as the golden donkey orchid, is a species of orchid which is endemic to Australia, growing in New South Wales and Queensland. It has one or two leaves at the base and two to five golden-yellow to orange flowers with some darker markings.

## Description

Diuris aurea is a tuberous, perennial, terrestrial herb, usually growing to a height of 30–60 cm (10–20 in). There are one or two linear leaves, each 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long, 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) wide and channelled.
There are between 2 and 5 golden yellow to orange flowers with some darker markings on the labellum and dorsal sepal. The flower is about 3.5 cm (1 in) wide. The dorsal sepal is broad egg-shaped, 8–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long and 7–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in) wide and erect. The lateral sepals are linear to spoon-shaped, 10–25 mm (0.4–1 in) long, 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide and hang below the flower, usually parallel to each other. The petals are erect and spread, ear-like above the flower. They are broadly egg-shaped, 7–17 mm (0.3–0.7 in) long, 6–14 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide on a dark coloured, stalk-like "claw", 5–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in). The labellum is 10–16 mm (0.4–0.6 in) long and is divided into three lobes. The lateral lobes are narrow elliptic to wedge-shaped, 4–6 mm (0.2–0.2 in) long, 2–4 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide with a few teeth on their edge. The medial lobe is 7–13 mm (0.3–0.5 in) wide with a ridge along its centre line and there is a two-part callus 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

Diuris aurea was first formally described in 1804 by James Edward Smith and the description was published in his book Exotic Botany (Volume 1). The specific epithet (aurea) is derived from the Latin word aurum meaning "gold".

## Distribution and habitat

In New South Wales, golden donkey orchid grows between Marulan and the Hunter Valley, growing in heathy and shrubby woodland and in grassy places in forest in areas near the coast. It also occurs in Queensland where its conservation status is "of least concern".
# Lola Sánchez Caldentey

María Dolores "Lola" Sánchez Caldentey (17 March 1978) is a Spanish politician, and a former Member of the European Parliament, one of the five MEPs elected by Podemos in the 2014 European Parliament election.
# Olearia lirata

Olearia lirata, commonly known as snowy daisy-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves and white and cream-coloured to yellow, daisy-like inflorescences.

## Description

Olearia lirata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 4 m (13 ft) and has greyish branchlets. Its leaves are arranged alternately along the branchlets, lance-shaped, 30–150 mm (1.2–5.9 in) long, 5–25 mm (0.20–0.98 in) wide and petiolate, the edges of the leaves sometimes wavy or toothed. The heads or daisy-like "flowers" are arranged in loose groups on the ends of branches on a peduncle 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) long and are 12–25 mm (0.47–0.98 in) in diameter. Each head has three to four rows of bracts forming a hemispherical involucre 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) long and ten to sixteen white ray florets, the ligule 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) long, surrounding nine to fourteen cream-coloured to yellow disc florets. Flowering occurs from August to January and the fruit is a ribbed achene 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long, the pappus 3.5–4.5 mm (0.14–0.18 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1812 by John Sims who gave it the name Aster liratus in The Botanical Magazine from specimens grown in "Knight's exotic nursery". In 1917, John Hutchinson changed the name to Olearia lirata in The Gardeners' Chronicle. The specific epithet (lirata) means "possessing furrows".

## Distribution and habitat

Olearia lirata grows in moist forest and scrub on the coast and tablelands of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, in eastern Victoria to as far west as the Otway Range, and is widespread and common in Tasmania.
# Maxine Carr

Maxine Carr may refer to:
* Maxine Waters (née Carr; born 1938), American politician
* Maxine Carr (born 1977), convicted of perverting the course of justice in relation to the Soham murders