OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Col·legi Casp

Col·legi Casp–Sagrat Cor de Jesús (Catalan pronunciation:, in English "Casp College-Sacred Heart of Jesus"), also known as Jesuïtes de Casp, is a Jesuit school in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, founded in 1881. Its Catalan name refers to both the school's location on Casp Street (Carrer de Casp) and the attached church, the Església del Sagrat Cor de Jesús. Both the school and church are run by the "Casp Jesuits" (Jesuïtes de Casp).

## History

Col·legi Casp is the successor to two Jesuit schools in the city: Col·legi de Betlem, founded 1546, and Col·legi de Cordelles, given to the Jesuits in 1659. Both were situated on the Rambla dels Estudis and were open until the expulsion of the Jesuit order in 1767.
Col·legi Casp opened October 1, 1881, initially with 108 students. The political environment in Spain at the time had an effect on the school's growth. In 1932, it was converted into a municipal school due to the dissolution of the Society of Jesus, which returned in 1939. Col·legi Casp's enrollment increased soon after, and the school expanded into adjacent buildings.
In 1971, the school became a co-ed institution with its first female students. The next year it began offering Catalan courses and, in 1978, began teaching in Catalan. By the 1983–84 school year, the entire school had become co-ed. Currently, Col·legi Casp has more than 1,700 students of both sexes between the primary, compulsory secondary, and non-compulsory secondary (batxillerat) sections of the school. The Casp Jesuits have graduated around 25,000 students, many of whom have become well known in Catalan society. In 2007, Col·legi Casp received the Medal of Honor of Barcelona (Medalla d'Honor de Barcelona).

## Relations with other schools

Col·legi Casp's batxillerat section is very active with student exchange programs. Among its partner schools are:
* In Belgium:
** Collège Saint-Michel in Brussels
* In France:
** Ecole de Provence in Marseille
* In Canada:
** Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf in Montreal, Quebec
* In the United States:
** Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School in Indianapolis, Indiana
** Loyola Academy near Chicago, Illinois
** Magnificat High School near Cleveland, Ohio
** St. Ignatius High School in Cleveland, Ohio
** St. John's Jesuit High School in Toledo, Ohio
** St. Ursula Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio
** St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati, Ohio
** Walsh Jesuit High School near Akron, Ohio
** St. Ursula Academy (Toledo, Ohio) in Toledo, Ohio
In addition, the school's primary section participates in the Comenius programme.

## Notable alumni

* Iñaki Urdangarin, Duke of Palma de Mallorca – bronze medalist in handball at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics
* Francesc Vendrell – Catalan diplomat
* Ignasi Barraquer – ophthalmologist known for his contributions to the advancement of cataract surgery
* Josep Maria de Sagarra – Catalan poet, novelist, playwright, journalist and translator
* Albert Guinovart – Catalan composer and pianist
* Jaume Padrós i Selma – Catalan physician and politician
# Downside beta

In investing, downside beta is the beta that measures a stock's association with the overall stock market (risk) only on days when the market’s return is negative. Downside beta was first proposed by Roy 1952 and then popularized in an investment book by Markowitz (1959).

## Formula

It is common to measure $r_{i}$ and $r_{m}$ as the excess returns to security $i$ and the market $m$, $u_{m}$ as the average market excess return, and Cov and Var as the covariance and variance operators, Downside beta is
    $\beta ^{-}={\frac {\operatorname {Cov} (r_{i},r_{m}\mid r_{m}<u_{m})}{\operatorname {Var} (r_{m}\mid r_{m}<u_{m})}},$
while upside beta is given by this expression with the direction of the inequalities reversed. Therefore, $\beta ^{-}$ can be estimated with a regression of the excess return of security $i$ on the excess return of the market, conditional on (excess) market return being negative.

## Downside beta vs. beta

Downside beta was once hypothesized to have greater explanatory power than standard beta in bearish markets. As such, it would have been a better measure of risk than ordinary beta.

## Use in Equilibrium Models of Risk-Reward

The Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be modified to work with dual betas. Other researchers have attempted to use semi-variance instead of standard deviation to measure risk.
# Dega, Burkina Faso

Dega is a town in the Komtoèga Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the town has a population of 1,479.
# Louis-Marie-Joseph Maximilian Caffarelli du Falga

Louis-Marie-Joseph Maximilian Caffarelli du Falga (French pronunciation:; February 13, 1756 – 27 April 1799) was a French commander and scholar. His younger brothers Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga (1766–1849) and Louis-Marie Joseph Caffarelli (1760–1845) were also generals.

## Life

The oldest of ten children, he refused to exercise the right of the first-born son to the majority of his parents' wealth. He served under Jean Baptiste Kléber in the army of Sambre-et-Meuse, losing his left leg to a cannonball on December 17, 1795, but continuing in the army with a wooden leg, and joined Kléber on the Egyptian campaign.
Accompanying Napoleon on the French invasion of Egypt, he was present when Napoleon landed at Valletta to occupy Malta on 12 June 1798. Like the other French generals, he was impressed by its defences, saying to Napoleon, "Upon my word, General, it is lucky there is someone in the town to open the gates for us!" A saying arose about him among the expeditionary troops in France: "Caffa doesn't give a damn what happens; he's always sure to have one foot in France." He was elected a member of the Institut d'Égypte's political economy section on February 13, 1796, in the class of moral and political science, and formed part of the commission for drafting the institute's regulations. He also accompanied Napoleon on the surveys to trace the route of what later become the Suez Canal.
He then had to have his right arm amputated when his elbow was smashed by a bullet during a new assault on Acre on April 9, 1799. He was just starting to learn to write with his left hand when gangrene struck, causing a fever that killed him. Napoleon wrote of him in the order of the day: "Our universal regrets accompany General Caffarelli to the grave; the army is losing one of its bravest leaders, Egypt one of its legislators, France one of its best citizens, and science, an illustrious scholar." He is the hero of Youssef Chahine's film Adieu Bonaparte.
# Cysteamine dioxygenase

In enzymology, a cysteamine dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    2-aminoethanethiol + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons$ hypotaurine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-aminoethanethiol and O$_2$, whereas its product is hypotaurine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O$_2$ as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O$_2$. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-aminoethanethiol:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include persulfurase, cysteamine oxygenase, and cysteamine:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, iron.
# Longlois

Longlois is a village in the Les Cayes commune of the Les Cayes Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.
# List of soul food restaurants

Following is a list of notable soul food restaurants:
* The Busy Bee Café, Atlanta, Georgia
* Charles' Southern Style Kitchen, New York City
* Communion Restaurant and Bar, Seattle, Washington
* Corinne's Place, Camden, New Jersey
* Delta Cafe, Portland, Oregon
* Erica's Soul Food, Portland, Oregon
* Everybody Eats PDX, Portland, Oregon
* Fair Deal Cafe, North Omaha, Nebraska
* Fat's Chicken and Waffles, Seattle
* H&H Restaurant, Macon, Georgia
* Jackson's Catfish Corner, Seattle
* JuneBaby, Seattle
* Kee's Loaded Kitchen, Portland, Oregon
* Mama Lo's, Gainesville, Florida
* Reo's Ribs, Portland, Oregon
* Roscoe's House of Chicken 'N Waffles
* Screen Door, Portland, Oregon
* Souley Vegan
* Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem, New York City
* Wash's Restaurant, Atlantic City, New Jersey
# NGC 5087

NGC 5087 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered on April 8, 1788 by the astronomer William Herschel. It is a member of the NGC 5084 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.
# Trinia glauca

Trinia glauca (honewort) is a low-growing umbellifer found in rocky areas.

## Description

Honewort is a low-growing glabrous plant. Its stems can reach 20 cm, and are surrounded by abundant fibrous remains of petioles at the base. It is much-branched, with the branches spreading at a wide angle. The leaves are glaucous, and are 2- to 3- times pinnate, although upper leaves are less divided. The inflorescence is an umbel, with white flowers, and no sepals. It has an ovoid, laterally compressed fruit.

## Taxonomy and nomenclature

The genus Trinia is named after the German-born botanist Carl Bernhard von Trinius.

## Habitat

In Britain, honewort is restricted to dry stony limestone sites, typically occurring in short, open, grazed turf on south-facing slopes.

## Status and distribution

Honewort is found in central and southern Europe, north to southern England, and in southwest Asia.

### Status in Britain

In Britain, honewort is found as a native species in three areas, all in southwest England: the Avon Gorge near Bristol, coastal limestone in South Devon, and in the western Mendip Hills (including the adjacent coast). Its British range covers around 20 sites in all, and the two largest native populations, comprising around 10,000 plants each, are both in this last area, at Sand Point and Crook Peak. British populations are all of subspecies glauca.
In the Avon Gorge, it was first found by William Turner in 1562, one of the first rare plants to be documented in Britain. The stronghold of the species is in the western Mendip Hills, where it was first found by Dillenius in c. 1726. Here, in addition to the Crook Peak and Sand Point sites, it is found on Purn Hill, on Wavering Down, Cross Plain and Axbridge Hill, at Hellenge Hill and South Hill near Bleadon, and the nearby coastal limestone sites of Worlebury Hill and Uphill Cliff and Walborough. Although many other rare limestone plants occur there, Honewort has not been found on Brean Down. In Devon, the species is found at a single site, Berry Head.
It also occurs at Goblin Combe in North Somerset, where it was introduced as an experiment. Six rooted plants were planted and 40 seeds sown in 1955, and in 1989 18,000 plants were counted here. An 1868 specimen from Long Knoll, in Wiltshire, which may be of this species, is present in Taunton Castle Museum.

## Conservation

In Britain, several of the species' sites are protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
# Coláiste Chineál Eoghain

Coláiste Chineál Eoghain (CCE Buncrana) is a secondary school in Buncrana, County Donegal, Ireland. It provides a curriculum taught through the Irish language. The school is located in Tullyarvan Mill in Buncrana, and first opened in 2007 under the patronage of the Donegal VEC. This was later replaced by the Donegal Education and Training Board.
Due to the small number of pupils there was some concern expressed about the long term viability of the school. However the then Minister of State at the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, with responsibility for Gaeltacht, Joe McHugh, confirmed that the school would not be closing. He further stated that ‘the school will be provided with the necessary support and resources to ensure the long-term viability of the school’.
Students from the school come predominately from Inishowen. However the school also takes in students from further afield including but not limited to Derry and Letterkenny.

## Notable former pupils

* Art Parkinson, Actor and ambassador for Seachtain na Gaeilge le Energia 2017.
# Elettra Stimilli

Elettra Stimilli is an Italian philosopher, academic and author. She is a professor of Theoretical Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at the La Sapienza University of Rome.
Stimilli is known for her extensive body of works on the connection between politics and religion, with an emphasis on contemporary thought. Notably, her authored works includes essays that have been published in leading academic journals, including European Journal of Social Theory and Deleuze and Guattari Studies as well as books such as Jacob Taubes. Sovranità e tempo messianico.

## Academic background

Stimilli's academic background and contributions have established her as a prominent figure in contemporary philosophical discourse.

## Works

Stimilli's work primarily explores the connections between religion, philosophy, and politics, with a particular focus on the relationship between contemporary Italian thought and the latest developments in French and German philosophy. Her monograph on Jacob Taubes explored his life, key relationships, and contributions to theological and political thought, particularly focusing on messianism, secularization, and Western eschatology in the context of 20th-century cultural experiences.
Stimilli’s research has also explored the intersection of economics and religion, particularly analyzing debt from a philosophical perspective. Her book The Debt of the Living: Ascesis and Capitalism examined how the concept of debt, reinterpreted as a form of self-imposed discipline and perpetual guilt, underpins capitalist economies and drives contemporary consumption behaviors. Additionally, her other book Debt and Guilt explored the psychological and philosophical foundations of austerity policies, arguing that they were rooted in notions of guilt and punishment, and examined their impact on contemporary politics, economics, and individual inner lives. More recently, with her book Filosofia dei mezzi, she began a philosophical reflection on bodies as political means, making explicit the feminist point of view of her investigation. Furthermore, she has given guest lectures at various institutions across the globe, including Warwick University, Lancaster University, Oxford Brookes University and University of Chicago.

## Awards and honors

* 2021 – Italian Studies Article Prize, The Society for Italian Studies
# Ministikwan 161

Ministikwan 161 is an Indian reserve of the Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 161 kilometres (100 mi) north-west of North Battleford. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 624 living in 128 of its 150 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 38 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.
# Louis-Marie Caverot

Louis-Marie Caverot (French pronunciation:; 26 May 1806 – 23 January 1887) was a French prelate of the Catholic Church who became a bishop in 1849 and served as Archbishop of Lyon from 1876 to 1887. He was raised to the rank of cardinal in 1877.

## Biography

Louis-Marie Caverot was born on 26 May 1806 in Joinville. He studied at the colleges of Troyes, Dôle and Saint-Acheul, then studied law and worked for a time at the Ministry of War. He entered the Saint Sulpice Seminary in 1828. He was ordained a priest on 19 March 1831, became vicar at the cathedral of Besançon and then canon-archpriest in 1835. In poor health, he was made chaplain of several religious communities. He was appointed vicar general of the Archdiocese of Besançon in 1846.
On 26 March 1849, Caverot was appointed Bishop of Saint-Dié, he received his episcopal consecration on 22 July and was installed on 5 August. When the railway arrived in 1864, he acquired and saved the chapel of Petit-Saint-Dié, believed to be a seventh-century place of Christian worship. He also supported the founding of several religious congregations.
He participated in the First Vatican Council in 1870 and voted in favor of papal infallibility.
He became Archbishop of Lyon in 1876. On 12 May 1877, Pope Pius IX made him a cardinal, assigned the title of San Silvestro in Capite, which he resigned in 1884 to take the title of Trinità al Monte Pincio. He participated in the 1878 conclave that elected Pope Leo XIII. In Lyon, he reorganized the diocesan administration and worked to support Catholic education at all levels in light of the laws of 1881.
In 1885, he urged Catholics not to attend performances of Jules Massenet's opera Herodiade, for which a 21st-century musicologist labels him a "reactionary cleric".
He died in Lyon on 23 January 1887.
# Pambili

Pambili is a populated place in the Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.
As of the 2011 census, Pambili had 26 households.
# Trichiorhyssemus riparius

Trichiorhyssemus riparius is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Diocese of Keewatin

The Diocese of Keewatin was a diocese of the Anglican Church of Canada. As of 1 August 2014, it no longer had any territorial jurisdiction, but it continued to exist as a legal entity until 30 September 2015, when it was formally closed.
Formerly, the diocese straddled the border of the civil provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, comprising over 900,000 square kilometres. The diocese was geographically isolated, consisting of mainly small, and mostly First Nations, communities. The largest of these, Kenora, Ontario, was also the diocese's See city. There were just over 11,000 Anglicans on forty-eight parish rolls. The diocese was established by the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land in 1902, and it was a major focus for missionary activity among the indigenous peoples there.
The last bishop (the diocese's ninth) was Archbishop David Ashdown. Elected Bishop of Keewatin in 2001, he was subsequently elected Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical Province of Rupert's Land in June 2009. The dean was the Very Rev. Hugh Matheson.

## Closure of diocese

As set out in a June 2013 resolution of the Anglican Church's General Synod, the diocese of Keewatin ceased to operate on 31 December 2014. It was formally closed on 30 September 2015, at which time Archbishop Ashdown retired as both diocesan bishop and as Metropolitan of Rupert's Land. The First Nations parishes in northwestern Ontario and northern Manitoba were separated from Keewatin on 1 June 2014 to form the new diocese of Mishamikoweesh. The Rt. Rev. Lydia Mamakwa, the area bishop for Northern Ontario within the former Keewatin diocese, is now diocesan bishop of Mishamikoweesh.
The southern parishes in the diocese were transferred to the Diocese of Rupert's Land on 1 August 2014. There were also minor adjustments to the boundaries of the Diocese of Brandon.

## Bishops of Keewatin

| No. | Name | Dates | Notes |
| 1 | Joseph Lofthouse | 1902–1921 | |
| 2 | Alfred Dewdney | 1921–1938 | |
| 3 | Joseph Lofthouse, Jr. | 1938–1953 | |
| 4 | Harry Hives | 1953–1969 | |
| 5 | Hugh Stiff | 1969–1974 | afterwards Dean of Toronto, 1974–1996 |
| 6 | James Allan | 1974–1991 | |
| 7 | Thomas Collings | 1991–1996 | |
| 8 | Gordon Beardy | 1996–2001 | |
| 9 | David Ashdown | 2001–2015 | Last Bishop of Keewatin; Metropolitan of Rupert's Land, 2009-2015 |
# Drymobius melanotropis

Drymobius melanotropis, commonly known as the black forest racer, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to Central America.

## Geographic range

It ranges through Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

## Description

Drymobius melanotropis is green above, with black on the keels of the median three dorsal rows. The green color extends to the outer fourth of the ventral shields, and the center of the belly is yellow. Adults are about 1.25 m (50 in.) in total length.
# Loudenslager Laser 200

The Loudenslager Laser 200 is a single place, mid wing, aerobatic monoplane designed and built by Leo Loudenslager. It is constructed of steel tubing and covered with Ceconite fabric.

## Design and development

In an effort to perfect the design of the Stephens Akro, Loudenslager conducted modifications to increase roll rate, climb rate, and overall strength while decreasing the empty weight. These modifications included grinding away unnecessary bosses and casting flash, which removed 12 pounds from the engine alone, as well as spot drilling the canopy. A high strength wing was achieved using a single piece wooden spar. Longer full-span ailerons greatly increased the roll rate. The resulting aircraft contained only 10% of the original design, the rest being Loudenslager's own work. The design greatly influenced the next generation of aerobatic aircraft such as the Extra 300, which dominated aerobatics throughout 1990's.

## Operational history

The Laser 200 was flown to victory in seven US National Aerobatic Championships, and one World Aerobatic Championship.

## Variants

Stephens Akro
    Original Variant

## Specifications

Data from National Air and Space Museum
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Length: 26 ft 2 in (7.98 m)
* Wingspan: 28 ft 8 in (8.74 m)
* Empty weight: 842 lb (382 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-360-A1A four cylinder, horizontally opposed aircraft engine, 200 hp (150 kW)
* Propellers: 2-bladed MT Propeller MTV-2B-C/193-02
Performance
* Maximum speed: 200 kn (230 mph, 370 km/h)
# Fewtrell

Fewtrell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Albert Fewtrell (1885–1950), Australian railway engineer and army officer
* Malcolm Fewtrell (1909–2005), British police officer
* Max Fewtrell (born 1999), British racing driver
* Percy Fewtrell (died 1970), Australian cleric
# Edward III (disambiguation)

Edward III of England (1312–1377) was King of England from 1327 until his death.
Edward III may also refer to:
* Edward III, Duke of Bar (1377–1415), who fought and died at the Battle of Agincourt during the Hundred Years' War
* Edward III (play), a play thought to be partly by William Shakespeare
* Edward the Confessor (c. 1004–1066), third King Edward of Anglo-Saxon England
# Mandza

Helendje is a village on the island of Grande Comore (Ngazidja) in the Comoros. According to the 2021 census, the village had a population of 21000.
# NSL1

Kinetochore-associated protein NSL1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NSL1 gene.
This gene encodes a protein with two coiled-coil domains that localizes to kinetochores, which are chromosome-associated structures that attach to microtubules and mediate chromosome movements during cell division. The encoded protein is part of a conserved protein complex that includes two chromodomain-containing proteins and a component of the outer plate of the kinetochore. This protein complex is proposed to bridge centromeric heterochromatin with the outer kinetochore structure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

## Interactions

NSL1 has been shown to interact with MIS12 and DSN1.
# Columbia Film Society

The Columbia Film Society is a nonprofit organization founded in January 1979 in Columbia, South Carolina. It is a community arts organization whose aim is to stimulate discussion and enhance appreciation of media arts in the community by presenting a wide variety of alternative films and sponsoring media arts events and educational programs.
The Society is mostly known for operating the Nickelodeon Theatre, a 77-seat storefront venue located in the shadow of the state capitol building. Using this current home, the Society showcases films and videos found outside the commercial cinemas in the area. In June 2005 the Society (along with the help of private citizens, corporate sponsors and other civic organizations including the City of Columbia) purchased the historic former Fox Theater, a 1936 Art Deco cinema, to use as a future home for the Society. This facility will offer two theaters for programs.