OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Organocadmium chemistry

Organocadmium chemistry describes the physical properties, synthesis, reactions, and use of organocadmium compounds, which are organometallic compounds containing a carbon to cadmium chemical bond. Cadmium shares group 12 with zinc and mercury and their corresponding chemistries have much in common. The synthetic utility of organocadmium compounds is limited.
The simplest organocadmium compound is dimethylcadmium. It is a linear molecule with a C-Cd bond length of 213 pm. Organocadmium compounds are typically sensitive to air, light, and moisture.

## Synthesis

Dimethylcadmium and diethylcadmium were reported in 1917 by Erich Krause. In general, they are prepared by transmetalation or by an exchange reaction between an alkylating agent and a cadmium salt.
According to one procedure, diethylcadmium is produced by the reaction of cadmium bromide with two equivalents of the Grignard reagent ethylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether. Diethylcadmium is a colorless oil with melting point −21 °C. Diphenylcadmium can be prepared by the reaction of phenyllithium with cadmium bromide. Diphenylcadmium is a solid with a melting point of 174 °C.

### Fluoroalkyl and alkenyl derivatives

Following established trends, perfluorinated alkyl and alkenyl derivatives of cadmium exhibit improved thermal stability. The alkenyl derivatives are generated by the addition of iodotrifluoroethylene to cadmium metal.

## Reactions

Organocadmium compounds are less nucleophilic than the organozincs. This reduced reactivity is demonstrated in the conversion of acyl chlorides to ketones with these reagents. This reaction was reported by Henry Gilman in 1936 and was used until less toxic cuprates were available. The related Grignard reagent would react further, giving to the tertiary alcohol. Methyl cadmium was used in one of the steps leading to cholesterol total synthesis:
Another synthetic use of an organocadmium is the reaction of diisoamylcadmium with β-carbomethoxypropionyl chloride to methyl 4-keto-7-methyloctanoate without reacting further with the ketone group or the ester group.
This selectivity is observed provided that the reaction is carried out salt free. When the cadmium reagent is generated in situ from a cadmium salt, the halide generates a more nucleophilic organocadmium reagent, an ate complex. The same salt effect can be observed with organozinc compounds.
Dimethylcadmium has been used to synthesize colloidal nanocrystals of II-VI materials such as cadmium selenide. Its toxic and volatile nature has led researchers to look elsewhere for cadmium precursors such as cadmium oxide.

## Toxicity

Cadmium compounds are toxic. Dimethylcadmium is toxic to the kidney, the liver, the central nervous system, and the respiratory organs when inhaled. Cadmium compounds in general are considered to be carcinogen to humans by the IARC.
# Depth finder

A depth finder may refer to any of the following:
* Sonar: use of underwater sound propagation to measure depth
* Fathometer or fishfinder: a device to locate fish at various water depths
* Echo sounding: a technique using sound pulses to measure depth
* sounding line: a length of rope used to measure water depth
# Jean-François Senault

Jean-François Senault (1599–1672) was a French Augustinian philosopher.

## Works

* Paraphrase Svr Iob (1637)
* De l'usage des passions (1641)
* Le Monarque, ou Le Devoir du Souverain (1661)
# Diarmuid Mac Bruideadha

Diarmuid Mac Bruideadha (Brody), Irish poet, died 1563.
Diarmuid was a Mac Bruideadha brehon family member, based at Ballybrody, parish of Dysert, barony of Inchiquin, County Clare. Other branches were located at Knockanalban in Ibrickane and Lettermoylan in Inchiquin.
The Annals of the Four Masters describe Diarmuid, sub anno 1563, as follows:
# David Bek (disambiguation)

Davit Bek (or David Bek) was an Armenian nobleman and revolutionary.
David Bek may also refer to:
* David Bek (novel), a novel by Armenian writer Raffi
* David Bek (opera), an opera composed by Armen Tigranian based on the novel
* David Bek (film), a 1944 Armenian film about David Bek
* Davit Bek, Armenia, a town in Syunik Province of Armenia
# Edward Ellice

Edward Ellice may refer to:
* Edward Ellice (merchant) (1783–1863), merchant and politician, and a prime mover behind the Reform Bill of 1832
** Edward Ellice (1813 ship), launched in New Brunswick
* Edward Ellice (MP for St Andrews) (1810–80), son of the above, Whig politician
* Edward Charles Ellice (1858–1934), cousin of the second, Liberal MP for St Andrews Burghs
# Tukucha Nala

Tukucha Nala is a village development committee in Kabhrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,094 in 658 individual households.
# Naval Discipline Act 1957

The Naval Discipline Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz. 2. c. 53) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom governing discipline in the Royal Navy. It governed courts-martial and criminal penalties for crimes committed by officers and ratings of the Royal Navy. It was substantially replaced at the end of 2008 by the Armed Forces Act 2006, which created a unified code of military law for all three British Armed Forces. The whole Naval Discipline Act was repealed in October 2009.

## Amendments

The Armed Forces Act 1981 amended certain aspects of the Act; most notably, it abolished the death penalty for the crime of espionage for the enemy on ships or in naval establishments. The Human Rights Act 1998 abolished the death penalty for all other capital crimes under the Act.
In 2004, courts martial in the Royal Navy were reformed by an order issued by the parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights. The committee found that the appointment of serving naval officers as Judge Advocates, and their appointment by the Chief Naval Judge Advocate (also a serving officer), undermined the independence and impartiality of courts martial, thereby contravening human rights legislation. The order instructed that all judge advocates should be appointed solely by the Judge Advocate of the Fleet, a civilian circuit judge.
# Esin Ufot

Esin Ufot is an Oron Community in Oron local government area of Akwa Ibom state in Nigeria.
# Vincent O'Sullivan

Vincent O'Sullivan may refer to:
* Vincent O'Sullivan (American writer) (1868–1940), American-born short story writer, poet and critic
* Vincent O'Sullivan (New Zealand writer) (1937–2024), New Zealand poet, short story writer, novelist, playwright, critic and editor
* Vince O'Sullivan (born 1957), racewalker
# Clavus juani

Clavus juani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.

## Distribution

This is a marine species endemic to Oman
# Murray Mendenhall

Murray Joseph Mendenhall (March 5, 1898 – July 27, 1972) was an American basketball coach. Murray began coaching at the high school level, at New Castle in 1923, before moving to Ft. Wayne Central the following year, coaching the Tigers to the state championship in 1943. He also coached in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1949 to 1951 as the first coach of the Fort Wayne Pistons, and has been inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame. Prior to coaching the Pistons, he coached the now-defunct Anderson Packers of the National Basketball League.
His son, Murray Jr. played for him on the 1943 championship team, before being inducted into the United States Navy. Both Murray, Jr. and his son, Murray Mendenhall, III, coached high school basketball in Indiana.
# Diarmuid Kirwan

Diarmuid Kirwan is an Irish hurling referee. A native of Ballyskenagh, County Offaly he lives in Ovens, County Cork where he played hurling with the local Éire Óg club.
His father, Gerry, also refereed an All-Ireland final and when the son was appointed they became the first father and son duo to have.
Just after throwing the ball in at the beginning of the second half of the 2015 Leinster SHC semi-final between Kilkenny and Wexford, the hurley of Michael Fennelly struck Kirwan and knocked him to the ground.
In the 2016 National Hurling League final, Kirwan controversially decided not to award Waterford a free in injury-time in a defeat to Clare.
# Oberea adumbrata

Oberea adumbrata is a species of longhorn beetle in the tribe Saperdini in the genus Oberea, discovered by Tippman in 1958.
# Edward Harris, 4th Earl of Malmesbury

Edward James Harris, 4th Earl of Malmesbury DL (12 April 1842 – 19 May 1899), was a British peer, the son of Admiral the Honourable Sir Edward Harris and the grandson of James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury. His maternal grandparents were Captain Samuel Chambers and Susan Mathilda Wylly; he was descended from David Mathews, the Loyalist Mayor of New York City during the American Revolutionary War and the Schuyler family.
Lord Malmesbury married Sylvia Georgina Stewart on 16 November 1870. They had three children:
* James Edward Harris, 5th Earl of Malmesbury (1872–1950).
* Hon. Alexander Charles Harris (1872–1927), died unmarried.
* Colonel Hon. Alfred Frederick William Harris (1877–1943), died unmarried.
# USS Minneopa

USS Minneopa (SP-1701) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in service from 1917 to 1918.
Minneopa was built as a private motorboat of the same name in 1902. On 9 October 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired her from her owner, S. E. Patterson, for use as a section patrol boat during World War I. She was placed in service as USS Minneopa (SP-1701).
Minneopa was returned to Paterson sometime in 1918.
# Naval Defence Act

Naval Defence Act may refer to:
* Colonial Naval Defence Act 1865
* Australasian Naval Defence Act, 1887, establishing the Australian Squadron
* Naval Defence Act 1889, an act of Parliament in the U.K.
* Naval Defence Act 1910, an amendment to the Australian Defence Act 1903
* Naval Defence Act 1913, establishing the Royal New Zealand Navy
# Lygodactylus regulus

Lygodactylus regulus, the prince dwarf gecko, is a species of gecko. It is endemic to Mozambique and only known from Mount Namuli. It occurs at elevations between 1,200 and 1,800 m (3,900 and 5,900 ft) above sea level and seems to rely on forest and dense woodland; although it has been encountered in modified habitats, it is unclear whether it can persist in such habitats.
Adult males measure 38–39 mm (1.50–1.54 in) and adult females 38–40 mm (1.50–1.57 in) in snout–vent length.
# Vincent O'Donoghue

Michael Vincent O’Donoghue (18 May 1900 – 29 May 1972), was the 17th president of the Gaelic Athletic Association (1952–1955).
Born in Portumna, Galway, the younger of twins, O’Donoghue was the son of an RIC man, and grew up in a variety of places in Ireland. Although a member of the RIC, his father participated in GAA games, usually under assumed names, and O’Donoghue recalls playing hurling from an early age: at age four, while hurling, his twin brother was almost killed in a weight throwing accident.
As an engineering student in UCC, O’Donoghue joined the Cork 1 Brigade of the IRA as its engineer, and took prominent part in the War of Independence, while his twin brother James joined the RIC. O’Donoghue worked closely with Michael O’Neill, whose killing led to the Dunmanway killings; O’Donoghue's witness statement was later used to deny any sectarian motivation in the killings.
He was involved in the administration of the GAA, becoming chairman of the Waterford county committee from 1936 to 1946 and again in 1948. He strongly opposed the decision to hold the 1947 All-Ireland Football final in New York, arguing that it would encourage emigration.
He died in May 1972 and is buried in St Carthage's Cemetery, Lismore, Co Waterford.
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
# Vieux-Mesnil

Vieux-Mesnil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located 7 km southeast from the town of Bavay and 8 km southwest from Maubeuge.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Vieux-Mesnil | The arms of Vieux-Mesnil are blazoned : Gules, a chevron Or between 3 trefoils argent. (Bachant and Vieux-Mesnil use the same arms.) |
# 64 Arietis

64 Arietis is a possible binary star system in the northern constellation of Aries. 64 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as a dim, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.67. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 15.2 mas, this star is approximately 214 light-years (66 parsecs) distant from the Sun. It is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +8.5 km/s.
The visible component is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III, currently on the red giant branch. It is around 5.2 billion years old with 1.27 times the mass of the Sun. With the supply of hydrogen at its core exhausted, the star has expanded to 11 times the radius of the Sun and it shines with 42 times the Sun's luminosity. This energy is being radiated from the outer envelope at an effective temperature of 4,426 K, giving it the orange-hued glow of a K-type star.
# List of highways numbered 395

Route 395 or Highway 395 may refer to:

## Canada

* British Columbia Highway 395
* Manitoba Provincial Road 395
* New Brunswick Route 395
* Nova Scotia Route 395
* Quebec Route 395

## Great Britain

* A395 road

## Japan

* Japan National Route 395

## United States

* Interstate 395
* U.S. Route 395
* Arkansas Highway 395
* California State Route 395 (former)
* Florida State Road 395 (former)
* Kentucky Route 395
* Massachusetts Route 395 (former)
* Nevada State Route 395 (former)
* New Mexico State Road 395
* New York State Route 395
* Oregon Route 395 (former)
* Washington State Route 395 (former)
| Preceded by 394 | Lists of highways 395 | Succeeded by 396 |
# Vexillary permutation

In mathematics, a vexillary permutation is a permutation μ of the positive integers containing no subpermutation isomorphic to the permutation (2143); in other words, there do not exist four numbers i < j < k < l with μ(j) < μ(i) < μ(l) < μ(k). They were introduced by Lascoux and Schützenberger (1982, 1985). The word "vexillary" means flag-like, and comes from the fact that vexillary permutations are related to flags of modules.
Guibert, Pergola & Pinzani (2001) showed that vexillary involutions are enumerated by Motzkin numbers.
# Egill Eyjólfsson

Egill Eyjólfsson (1295–1341) was the bishop of Iceland's northern diocese of Hólar from the death of his predecessor, Lárentíus Kálfsson, in 1331, until his own death in 1341.

## Biography

Egill's father was Eyjólfur, a gold-smith, and his mother Þorgerður Egilsdóttir.
Egill studied at the monastery of Þingeyri, being taught alongside Einarr Hafliðason by Lárentíus Kálfsson. Egill first became a deacon, was then consecrated as a priest in 1318, and around the same time became the schoolmaster at Hólar. At that time, the bishop of Hólar was Auðunn rauði Þorbergsson, whose relationship with the monks of Þingeyri (not least Lárentíus) was very strained. According to Laurentius Saga, it was through Egill's efforts that in the autumn of 1319, Auðun and Lárentíus made peace.
Egill subsequently held the benefice of Grímstungur in Vatnsdalur, and in 1324 received the benefice of Grenjaðarstaðir in Aðaldalur (the wealthiest in the diocese of Hólar) from Archbishop Eilif Arnesson Kortin. Around 1327, Bishop Lárentius sent Egill to the Archbishop to plead Lárentíus‘s case against the monks of Möðruvellir. After Lárentíus's death in 1331, Egill was elected bishop of Hólar. Little is known about his episcopate, though it is said that the diocese's finances were well managed under his governance.
Egill was succeeded as bishop by Ormr Ásláksson.
# USS Minnesota

USS Minnesota may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Minnesota (1855) was a wooden steam frigate launched 1 December 1855 and sold in August 1901.
* USS Minnesota (BB-22) was a Connecticut-class battleship, launched 8 April 1905 and sold for scrap 23 January 1924.
* USS Minnesota (SSN-783) is a Virginia-class submarine, commissioned on September 7, 2013.
# Walter Behrens

Walter Behrens may refer to:
* Walter Behrens (footballer) (1929–2005), Argentine-born Chilean footballer
* Walter-Ulrich Behrens (1902–1962), German chemist and statistician
# Naval District Washington

The Naval District Washington is one of eleven current naval regions responsible to Commander, Navy Installations Command for the operation and management of Naval shore installations in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area. The Commandant is currently the only remaining Naval Districts from the 1900s era, making it, by default the oldest of the current naval regions. The Commandant is headquartered at the Washington Navy Yard only a few yards away from the Commander, Navy Installations Command headquarters.

## History

As part of the formation of most of the Naval Districts in 1903, Naval District Washington was stood up under the command of the Commandant, Washington Navy Yard. Originally named the Potomac River Naval Command, it was formed from the areas of the Potomac River up to the Great Falls, the District of Columbia, and the Counties of Prince Georges, Montgomery, St. Mary's, Calvert, and Charles in Maryland; Arlington, Fairfax, Stafford, King George, Prince William, and Westmoreland Counties in Virginia, less the Marine Barracks, Quantico, Virginia and the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.

## Subordinate Commands
### As Echelon III Commander

NDW reports to Commander Naval Installations Command as an Echelon III commander over the following installations:
* Naval Support Activity Washington
** Washington Navy Yard
** Naval Support Facility Naval Research Laboratory
** Naval Support Facility Suitland, supporting the Office of Naval Intelligence
** Naval Support Facility Naval Observatory
** Naval Support Facility Arlington
** Naval Support Facility Carderock, supporting the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center
* Naval Support Activity South Potomac
** Naval Support Facility Indian Head supporting Joint Interoperability Test Command, among others
** Naval Support Facility Dahlgren supporting Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division
* Naval Air Station Patuxent River
* Naval Support Activity Annapolis
** United States Naval Academy
** Naval Research Laboratory, Chesapeake Beach Detachment
** Naval Reserve Center Baltimore
* Naval Support Facility Thurmont, commonly known as Camp David
* Naval Support Activity Bethesda, which hosts the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

### As Echelon II Commander

NDW maintains a direct reporting role to the Chief of Naval Operations as an Echelon II commander in its role as the immediate superior in command (ISIC) for the U.S. Navy Ceremonial Guard at Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling, Human Resources Office Washington and Navy Exchange Bethesda.
# Orlando Ballesteros

Orlando Enrique Ballesteros Santos Maria (born 24 October 1972) is a Colombian former footballer who played as a forward.

## Life and career

Ballesteros started his career with Colombian side Alianza Llanos. In 1995, he signed for Colombian side Deportes Quindío. In 1997, he signed for Colombian side Atlético Bucaramanga. In 1999, he signed for Colombian side Atlético Junior. In 2002, he returned to Colombian side Atlético Bucaramanga. He was the top scorer of the 2002 Categoría Primera A finals with thirteen goals. In 2003, he returned to Colombian side Atlético Junior. He helped the club win the league.
In 2005, he signed for Colombian side Envigado FC. In 2006, he signed for Colombian side Millonarios FC. In 2007, he signed for Colombian side Unión Atlético Maracaibo. In 2008, he signed for Colombian side Deportivo Pereira. After that, he returned to Colombian side Envigado FC. In 2009, he signed for Colombian side Deportivo Pasto. In 2010, he signed for Colombian side Bogotá FC. In 2011, he signed for Colombian side Uniautónoma FC. He scored 184 goals during his career.
Ballesteros was born on 24 October 1972 in Colombia. He is a native of Barranquilla, Colombia. He has been nicknamed "El Fantastico", as well as "El Fantasma" (the Ghost). He has a brother. After retiring from playing professional football, he worked as a youth manager.

## Style of play

Ballesteros mainly operated as a forward. His playing style was described as "fantastic and ghostly". He was also known for his speed and agility.
# Denmark women's national junior handball team

The Denmark women's junior national handball team is the national under-19 handball team of Denmark. Controlled by the Danish Handball Federation it represents Denmark in international matches.

## History
### World Championship

| Year | Round | Position | GP | W | D | L | GS | GA | GD |
| Romania 1977 | First Round | 10th Place | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 61 | 65 | –4 |
| Yugoslavia 1979 | Final Group | 5th Place | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 117 | 97 | +20 |
| Canada 1981 | Final Group | 5th Place | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 125 | 136 | –11 |
| France 1983 | First Round | 10th Place | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 117 | 112 | +5 |
| Korea 1985 | Second Group | 11th Place | 9 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 161 | 178 | –17 |
| Denmark 1987 | Final Round | 2nd Place | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 112 | 106 | +6 |
| Nigeria 1989 | Second Group | 7th Place | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 168 | 142 | +26 |
| France 1991 | Semi Finals | Third Place | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 175 | 139 | +36 |
| Bulgaria 1993 | Semi Finals | 4th Place | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 170 | 153 | +17 |
| Brazil 1995 | Final Round | 2nd Place | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 210 | 166 | +44 |
| Côte d'Ivoire 1997 | Final Round | Champions | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 212 | 151 | +61 |
| China 1999 | Semi Finals | Third Place | 9 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 223 | 193 | +30 |
| Hungary 2001 | Second Group | 7th Place | 8 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 202 | 203 | –1 |
| Macedonia 2003 | Second Group | 7th Place | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 203 | 207 | –4 |
| Czech Republic 2005 | Second Group | 5th Place | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 221 | 198 | +23 |
| Macedonia 2008 | Final Round | 2nd Place | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 272 | 228 | +44 |
| Korea 2010 | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify | Didn't qualify |
| Czech Republic 2012 | Eight Finals | 9th Place | 8 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 207 | 172 | +35 |
| Croatia 2014 | Semi Finals | Third Place | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 270 | 213 | +57 |
| Russia 2016 | Final Round | Champions | | | | | | | |
| Hungary 2018 | Quarterfinals | 6th Place | | | | | | | |
| Romania 2020 | | | | | | | | | |
| Slovenia 2022 | Quarterfinals | 5th Place | | | | | | | |
| Slovenia 2024 | Semi Finals | 4th Place | | | | | | | |
| Total | 22/23 | 2 Titles | | | | | | | |

### European Championship

| Year | Round | Position |
| Poland 1996 | Final Round | Champions |
| Slovakia 1998 | | |
| France 2000 | | |
| Finland 2002 | | |
| Czech Republic 2004 | | |
| Turkey 2007 | Final Round | Champions |
| Hungary 2009 | | |
| Netherlands 2011 | Final Round | Champions |
| Denmark 2013 | Semi Finals | Third Place |
| Spain 2015 | Final Round | Champions |
| Slovenia 2017 | Semi Finals | Third Place |
| Hungary 2019 | Quarterfinals | 6th Place |
| Slovenia 2021 | Main Round | 6th Place |
| Romania 2023 | Final Round | Second Place |
| Total | 14/14 | 4 Titles |

## Coaching staff

| Role | Name |
| Head coach | Flemming Dam Larsen |
| Assistant coach | Jan Barslev |
| Team manager | Dorthe Huge Jonasson |
| Goalkeeping coach | Morten Sølling Fager |
| Physiotherapist | Jan Valentin Ohlsen |
# Vieux-Moulin, Vosges

Vieux-Moulin (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.