OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White Horse Hill National Game Preserve

White Horse Hill National Game Preserve (Dakota: Šúŋkawakháŋ Ská Pahá, formerly known as Sullys Hill National Game Preserve) is a National Wildlife Refuge and nature center located on the shore of Devils Lake in Benson County, North Dakota, within the Spirit Lake Tribe reservation.

## History

In 1904, Congress authorized a memorial park at the site, and President Theodore Roosevelt established it as Sullys Hill Park. Though not part of its official name, it would be called Sullys Hill National Park, the meaning of "national park" not yet standardized, as this site's small size and lack of a significant landmark was inconsistent with other national parks. It was first named after General Alfred Sully, son of the painter Thomas Sully who gained his reputation by carrying out several massacres of Dakota including at the Battle of Whitestone Hill.
On March 3, 1931, during the Great Depression, the United States Congress transferred the park to be managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service as a wildlife refuge, where hunting is permitted with the Spirit Lake Tribe having both fishing and hunting rights. It is one of only seven National Parks to have been disbanded. Of these seven parks, only White Horse Hill and Mackinac National Park in Michigan, now Mackinac Island State Park, are no longer under the control of the National Park Service.
In December 2019, the park was renamed through an act of Congress to its traditional Dakota name of White Horse Hill. In May 2019, the Spirit Lake Tribal council had requested the federal government change the name to White Horse Hill in cooperation with the governor's office and the North Dakota Department of Tourism stating, "The Spirit Lake Dakota people... believe the name chosen, White Horse Hill, comes from historical happenings that are sacred as well as unique to the Dakota people. White Horse Hill (Sunka Wakan Ska Pa Ha) reflects a positive experience to the Dakota People rather than an individual who was destructive to the Dakota people and their culture".

## Recreation and natural resources

The park's 1,674 acres (6.8 km$^2$), a mixture of mixed grass prairie, marshes and wooded hills, includes wildlife as 20-30 American bison, 25-40 elk, 20-30 white-tailed deer, and a colony of prairie dogs. An array of birds, insects, and plants have also been identified within the refuge. Open seasonally, the visitor center includes an exhibit hall of mounted North Dakota animals in prairie, wetland, forest, and agriculture habitats, education classrooms, and a book store. The center offer programs for school groups, public workshops, guided nature hikes, bird-watching walks, summer youth programs, and conservation programs throughout the year.
# Tough Love (Jessie Ware song)

"Tough Love" is a song by British singer Jessie Ware from her second studio album, Tough Love (2014). It was written by Ware, Benny Blanco, and Benjamin Ash and produced by Blanco and Ash under their production pseudonym BenZel. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 23 June 2014 as the lead single from the album. It peaked at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Ware's first domestic top 40 entry. Critically acclaimed, "Tough Love" was included on Pitchfork's list of the 100 best songs of 2014.

## Background

"Tough Love" was written by Ware, Benny Blanco, and Benjamin Ash and recorded during a two-week touring break in May 2013. Speaking about the track in an interview with NME, Ware commented: "I had just finished a run of shows in the States and went to New York to work with BenZel for a couple weeks, mainly as a different focus to touring. I didn’t have any expectations or pressures with what would come out of those two weeks, and think "Tough Love" sums this up. It was me experimenting with my voice and having fun with it. It just felt right and kind of dictated the route of the next album, much like "Devotion" did on my first album."
Initially recorded an octave lower, one of the producers encouraged Ware to sing the downtempo song in a higher register. "[He] was like 'Go and try the higher up,' Ware told Pitchfork, "and I was like, 'Nah, I can't do it up there,' and he's like, 'Just try it!' And I did. Moving it up to a higher octave definitely gives it this other character." Lyrically, "Tough Love" was inspired by the trails of maintaining a long-term relationship while jumping from continent to continent.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Tough Love" was directed by Alex Lee and Kyle Wightman of BRTHR Films. It was first released onto YouTube on 9 July 2014 at a total length of three minutes and thirty seconds.

## Charts

Chart performance for "Tough Love" :
| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 19 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 37 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 34 |

## Release history

"Tough Love" release history :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| Various | 23 June 2014 | Digital download | Island | |
# Tor, Pallars

Tor is a village within the Alins municipality of the Pallars Sobirà in Catalonia, Spain. Its municipal boundary borders with Andorra close to the spot in La Massana parish where the Vallnord ski resort complex, formed by Pal and Arinsal, is located.
This small village had only 25 inhabitants in 2005. It is located in the Pyrenees, close to the Port de Cabús mountain pass at an altitude of 2,301 metres (7,549 ft).
Tor was formerly a place where much tobacco product cross-border smuggling took place. Recently, during the Spanish real estate bubble Tor also became notorious for a local conflict about the ownership of a particular mountain within its municipal boundary, close to the Andorra border. This conflict triggered greed among local families and became the cause of three murders, following which a book Tor: tretze cases i tres morts (Tor: thirteen houses and three dead), by Carles Porta, was published.
# Elaphriella dikhonikhe

Elaphriella dikhonikhe is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Solariellidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Solomon Islands.
# Varunidae

The Varunidae are a family of thoracotrematan crabs. The delimitation of this family, part of the taxonomically confusing Grapsoidea, is undergoing revision. For a long time, they were placed at the rank of subfamily in the Grapsidae, but they appear to be closest to Macropthalmus and the Mictyridae, which are usually placed in the Ocypodoidea. It may thus be better to merge the latter superfamily with the Grapsoidea, retaining the latter name as it is older.
That notwithstanding, the revision of the Grapsoidea (in the narrow but apparently still paraphyletic sense) is also not fully completed, as many taxa remain to be restudied. Already, several former Grapsidae genera have been moved to the Varunidae, and others are tentatively placed here pending detailed study. Among the most noteworthy of these is the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The genus Xenograpsus, formerly included in the Varunidae, is now placed in its own family, the Xenograpsidae.
The following genera are included:

## Asthenognathinae Stimpson, 1858

* Asthenognathus Stimpson, 1858
* Globihexapus † Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2001

## Cyclograpsinae H. Milne-Edwards, 1853

* Austrohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006
* Chasmagnathus De Haan, 1833
* Cyclograpsus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
* Helicana K. Sakai & Yatsuzuka, 1980
* Helice De Haan, 1833
* Helograpsus Campbell & Griffin, 1966
* Metaplax H. Milne-Edwards, 1852
* Miosesarma † Karasawa, 1989
* Neohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006
* Paragrapsus H. Milne-Edwards, 1853
* Parahelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006
* Pseudohelice K. Sakai, Türkay & Yang, 2006

## Gaeticinae Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007

* Gaetice Gistel, 1848
* Gopkittisak Naruse & P. F. Clark, 2009
* Sestrostoma Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007

## Varuninae H. Milne-Edwards, 1853

* Acmaeopleura Stimpson, 1858
* Brachynotus De Haan, 1833
* Cyrtograpsus Dana, 1851
* Eriocheir De Haan, 1835
* Grapsodius Holmes, 1900
* Hemigrapsus Dana, 1851
* Neoeriocheir T. Sakai, 1983
* Noarograpsus N. K. Ng, Manuel & Ng, 2006
* Orcovita Ng & Tomascik, 1994
* Otognathon Ng & Stevcic, 1993
* Parapyxidognathus Ward, 1941
* Platyeriocheir N. K. Ng, J. Guo & Ng, 1999
* Pseudogaetice Davie & N. K. Ng, 2007
* Pseudograpsus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
* Ptychognathus Stimpson, 1858b
* Pyxidognathus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
* Scutumara Ng & Nakasone, 1993
* Tetragrapsus Rathbun, 1918
* Utica White, 1847
* Varuna Milne-Edwards, 1830
# Melanie Lee

Melanie Georgina Lee CBE (born 29 July 1958) is an English pharmaceutical industry executive and CEO of LifeArc, succeeding Dave Tapolczay in November 2018.

## Career
### Research

   "Paul and Melanie's paper started a revolution in cell cycle research."
Kathleen Weston
Lee received an undergraduate degree in Biology from the University of York, working with Simon Hardy, and then a PhD at National Institute for Medical Research in London.
Lee worked as a molecular genetics postdoc, first at Imperial College London on yeast and then from 1985 with Paul Nurse at the ICRF's Lincoln's Inn Laboratories. Nurse's work on the cell cycle won him the Nobel Prize, and in his speech he cited Lee's work on finding a human homologue of the yeast gene cdc2. Nurse said of this work that "I suppose the most astonishing thing was the way Melanie Lee in the lab did it by complementation." Lee later recounted being uncomfortable with the competition in the laboratory.
In 2003, she was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

### Works

* Lee, Melanie G.; Nurse, Paul (7 May 1987). "Complementation used to clone a human homologue of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2". Nature. 327 (6117): 31–5. Bibcode:1987Natur.327...31L. doi:10.1038/327031a0. PMID 3553962. S2CID 4300190.

### Business

Lee was appointed chief executive officer of LifeArc in November 2018. Lee currently serves on the Board of Directors at Sanofi and on the Board of Trustees at the Dementia Research Institute. Previously, she was chief scientific officer of BGT Plc and was the founder and CEO of NightstaRx, a Syncona, Wellcome Trust company in 2014.
She began her pharmaceutical industry career at Glaxo in 1988, leaving academia after she became pregnant. She joined Celltech in 1998 where she was Director of R&D. She held the same role at UCB Pharmaceuticals and was CEO of Syntaxin Ltd from 2010 to 2013. She had Chair and Deputy Chair Trustee appointments at Cancer Research Technology and Cancer Research UK respectively. She was on the board of Lundbeck and founded the Think10 business advice company.
She was an advisor to the 2014–15 Dowling Review of business-university research collaborations.

## Awards

In January 2019, Lee was awarded the BIA Lifetime Achievement Award. She received a CBE in 2009 in respect of her for services to medical science and in 2014, she was named as one of the top 100 "leading practising scientists" in the UK by the Science Council.

## Personal life

She is married to Christopher, with whom she lives in London. They have two sons.
# Noordwijk Climate Conference

The Ministerial Conference on Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change was the first major political climate conference that took place on 6 and 7 November 1989 at the Grand Hotel Huis ter Duin in Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
Attendees included ministers of 68 countries. The goal of the conference was creating a binding agreement on CO₂ emissions, which almost succeeded. The conference was organized by the Dutch environment minister Ed Nijpels and prepared by climatologist Pier Vellinga.
The United States, Japan, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom did not want to make an agreement about the reduction of emissions. Even discussions about stabilizing emissions turned out to be difficult. The conference did not reach its initial goals.
The United States sent the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency William K. Reilly and White House Chief of Staff John H. Sununu. According to Reilly, Sununu was nervous about him. Sununu made the science advisor to president George H. W. Bush, D. Allan Bromley, responsible. The science advisor was pressured by the climate sceptical Sununu to convince the other attendees to abandon the commitment to freeze emissions.
In 2019, the conference attracted interest due to a publication in New York Times Magazine by Nathaniel Rich, who subsequently wrote the book Losing Earth as an extension of the article. According to Rich, this conference was the closest the world has ever been to a binding international agreement regarding greenhouse gas emissions.
# Gollagudem

Gollagudem is a village in Nalgonda district in Telangana, India. It falls under Bibinagar mandal.
# Marianne Andersson

Marianne Andersson (born 26 May 1942) is a Swedish Centre Party politician and economist.
She was born in Vårgårda to farmer Erik Andersson and Thea Andersson, and married Ivan Andersson in 1963. She graduated as economist from the Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law in 1981. She served as a member of the Riksdag from 1985 to 2002.
She joined the board of the Right Livelihood Award foundation from 2004.
# Client-side prediction

Client-side prediction is a network programming technique used in video games intended to conceal negative effects of high latency connections. The technique attempts to make the player's input feel more instantaneous while governing the player's actions on a remote server.
The process of client-side prediction refers to having the client locally react to user input before the server has acknowledged the input and updated the game state. So, instead of the client only sending control input to the server and waiting for an updated game state in return, the client also, in parallel with this, predicts the game state locally, and gives the user feedback without awaiting an updated game state from the server.
Client-side prediction reduces latency problems, since there no longer will be a delay between input and client-side visual feedback due to network ping times. However, it also introduces a desynchronization of the client and server game states, which needs to be handled to keep the game playable. Usually, the desync is corrected when the client receives the updated game state, but as instantaneous correction would lead to "snapping", there are usually some "smoothing" algorithms involved. For example, one common smoothing algorithm would be to check each visible object's client-side location to see if it is within some error epsilon of its server-side location. If not, the client-side's information is updated to the server-side directly (snapped because of too much desynchronization). However, if the client-side location is not too far, a new position between the client-side and server-side is interpolated; this position is set to be within some small step delta from the client-side location, which is generally judged to be "small enough" to be unintrusive to the user.
Another solution to the desynchronization issue, commonly used in conjunction with client-side prediction, is called server reconciliation. The client includes a sequence number in every input sent to the server, and keeps a local copy. When the server sends an authoritative update to a client, it includes the sequence number of the last processed input for that client. The client accepts the new state, and reapplies the inputs not yet processed by the server, completely eliminating visible desynchronization issues in most cases.
The earliest known first-person shooter to use client-side prediction is Duke Nukem 3D, which had it built-in since the January 29, 1996 shareware release. The technique was also a prominent feature of QuakeWorld, the popular add-on to Quake. While network play was included in the original Quake game, it was optimized mainly for LAN play. Having had high-speed home connections (a rarity at the time), Quake's designers overlooked their assumptions of high bandwidth and low ping times that made playing online frustrating for dial-up users. After a series of experiments in a long private beta, id Software released QuakeWorld with a new predictive model that proved popular with both high and low latency players.
# Melaporphyria immortua

Melaporphyria immortua, the dark-banded flower gem, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1874. It is found in North America from New England west to Colorado, north to southern Manitoba, central Saskatchewan and Alberta.
The wingspan is about 22 mm (0.87 in). Adults are on wing from May to June.
The larval host plants are unknown, although there are some records of unknown origin that it feeds on lupine. Reports on Thalictrum species probably refer to nectaring.
# Nord-1

Nord-1 was Norsk Data's first minicomputer and the first commercially available computer made in Norway.
It was a 16-bit system, developed in 1967 from the Simulation for Automatic Machinery. The first Nord-1 (serial number 2) installed was at the heart of a complete ship system aboard a Japanese-built cargo liner, the Taimyr. The system included bridge control, power management, load condition monitoring, and the first ever computer-controlled, radar-sensed anti-collision system (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid). Taimyr's Nord-1 turned out reliable for the time, with more than a year between failures.
It was probably the first minicomputer to feature floating-point arithmetic equipment as standard, and had an unusually rich complement of hardware registers for its time. It also featured relative addressing, and a fully automatic context switched interrupt system. It was also the first minicomputer to offer virtual memory, offered as an option by 1969. It was succeeded by the Nord-10.

## Remaining machines

The Nord-1 has been unusually well-preserved. Approximately 60 machines seem to have been produced, and at the very least ten machines have been preserved, including serial numbers 2, 4, and 5. This may be because the company Norsk Data was already a very large and very rapidly growing corporation by the time many of these machines were decommissioned.
# White Pine

White Pine or White Pines may refer to:

## Trees
### Trees in the pine subgenus Pinus subgenus Strobus

* Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), one of these species, native to northeastern North America
* Western white pine (Pinus monticola), another of these species, native to northwestern North America
* Limber pine (Pinus flexilis), another of these species from western North America, was also sometimes known as White Pine
* Chinese white pine (Pinus armandii), a species native to China
* Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora), a species native to Japan
* Vietnamese white pine (Pinus dalatensis), a species native to Vietnam and Laos
* Pinus albicaulis, of subsection Cembra (the stone pines), native to western North America

### Other coniferous trees called White Pine

* Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), a podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand

## Places
### United States

* White Pines, California
* White Pine, Michigan
* White Pine, Tennessee
* White Pine County, Nevada
* White Pine Haven, Wisconsin
* White Pine Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
* White Pine, West Virginia
* White Pine Creek, a stream in Idaho

## Other uses

* White Pine Music, a record label
# Darren Lowe

Darren Lowe may refer to:
* Darren Lowe (ice hockey) (born 1960), Canadian player and coach
* Darren Lowe (lacrosse) (active 1989-2000), American player
# Kada Umaga

Kada Umaga (transl. Every Morning) is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by Net 25. Originally hosted by Tonipet Gaba, Emma Tiglao, Maureen Schrijvers, Wej Cudiamat, and Pia Guanio, It premiered on August 30, 2021, replacing Pambansang Almusal on the network's morning line up. Tiglao, Guanio and Daiana Menezes currently serve as the hosts.
The program is streaming online on YouTube.

## Hosts

* Emma Tiglao (since 2021)
* Pia Guanio (since 2021; formerly with GMA Network and ABS-CBN)
* Daiana Menezes (since 2022)

## Former hosts

* Tonipet Gaba (2021–2023; now on Love & Tonipet & Everythaaang!)
* Maureen Schrijvers (2021–2022; now on GMA Network)
* Wej Cudiamat (2021–2023; now on Mata ng Agila sa Tanghali and Mata ng Agila Weekend)
* Earlo Bringas (2021–2023; "Kada Balita" Traffic Update segment)
# Vitásek

Vitásek is a Czech surname. The female form is Vitásková. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jan August Vitásek (1770–1839), Czech composer
* Kate Vitasek (born 1968), American author and educator
* Petr Vitásek (born 1981), Czech rower
* Ondřej Vitásek, Czech ice hockey player
# Chloropaschia possidia

Chloropaschia possidia is a species of snout moth in the genus Chloropaschia. It is found in South America.
# Clovelly Crocodiles

The Clovelly Crocodiles was formed in 1918 under the auspices of the Eastern Suburbs Junior League. The club's colours are red, white and blue.
# List of Masonic Grand Lodges Australia and Oceania

This is a list of all verifiable organizations that claim to be a Masonic Grand Lodge in Australia and Oceania.

## Australia and Oceania

| Country or Greater Geographical Area | State, Province, or Other Geographical Area | Grand Lodge Name | Founded | Lodges | Members | Notes |
| Australia | New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory | United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory | 1888 | 323 | 12,000 | |
| Australia | Queensland | United Grand Lodge of Queensland | 1921 | 284 | 8,560 | |
| Australia | South Australia and Northern Territory | Grand Lodge of South Australia and Northern Territory | 1884 | 105 | 2,896 | |
| Australia | Tasmania | Grand Lodge of Tasmania | 1890 | 41 | 1,250 | |
| Australia | Victoria | United Grand Lodge of Victoria | 1889 | 293 | 9,126 | |
| Australia | Western Australia | Grand Lodge of Western Australia | 1900 | 131 | 4,100 | |
| Australia | Queensland | District Grand Lodge of Northern Queensland | 1921 | 20 | | A unit of the United Grand Lodge of Queensland |
| Australia | Queensland | District Grand Lodge of Carpentaria | | 25 | | A unit of the United Grand Lodge of Queensland |
| Australia | Western Australia | District Grand Lodge of Western Australia | | 9 | | A unit of the Grand Lodge of Scotland |
| Australia | Western Australia | District Grand Lodge of Western Australia, Goldfields District | | 4 | | A unit of the Grand Lodge of Scotland |
| New Caledonia | New Caledonia, France | Provincial Grand Lodge of New Caledonia | 1997 | | | A unit of the Grande Loge Nationale Française |
| New Zealand | | Grand Lodge of New Zealand | 1890 | 253 | 8,550 | |
| New Zealand | North Island, New Zealand | District Grand Lodge of North Island, New Zealand | | | | A unit of the United Grand Lodge of England |
| New Zealand | South Island, New Zealand | District Grand Lodge of South Island, New Zealand | | | | A unit of the United Grand Lodge of England |
| New Zealand | | Provincial Grand Lodge of New Zealand | 1859 | 4 | | A unit of the Grand Lodge of Ireland |
| New Zealand | North Island, New Zealand | District Grand Lodge of North Island, New Zealand | | 4 | | A unit of the Grand Lodge of Scotland |
| New Zealand | South Island, New Zealand | District Grand Lodge of New Zealand South | | 6 | | A unit of the Grand Lodge of Scotland |
# Melapattu

Melapattu is a village in the Aranthangirevenue block of Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Melapattu had a total population of 2314 with 1175 males and 1139 females. Out of the total population 1523 people were literate.