OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Detroit Automobile Company

The Detroit Automobile Company (DAC) was an early American automobile manufacturer founded on August 5, 1899, in Detroit, Michigan. It was the first venture of its kind in Detroit. Automotive mechanic Henry Ford attracted the financial backing of twelve investors; Detroit Mayor William Maybury, William H. Murphy and others. As with many early car ventures, the company floundered, and it was dissolved in January 1901. Twenty vehicles were built and $86,000 ($2.61 million in 2019) of investment was lost.

## History
### Foundation

The company was founded with a paid-up capital of $15,000 ($455,490 in 2019). Henry Ford managed the manufacturing plant at 1343 Cass Avenue and Amsterdam in Detroit; initially with no pay until he left his job at the Detroit Edison Company, after which he was given a monthly salary of $150 ($4,555 in 2019). He refused to put a car into production until he had perfected it to his satisfaction, infuriating investors who quickly began to lose confidence in Ford's ability to bring a product to market. The company's primary objective was to make a profit for its investors, who had seen the Oldsmobile plant, where the Curved Dash Oldsmobile was built, which was profitable for its owner Samuel Smith.
The company's first product was a gasoline-powered delivery truck engineered by Ford and completed in January 1900. It received favorable coverage in a local newspaper, but was not without its flaws; it was slow, heavy, unreliable and complicated to manufacture. Later in life, Ford recalled this period as one that was driven by profit rather than innovation.
A catalog produced by Detroit Automobile Company in 1900 showed, with a cost analysis, that the automobile was cheaper to maintain and operate than a horse and vehicle. Little is known about the company's designs.
Table 1. Detroit Automobile Car Costs :
| Automobile ||
| Original cost | $1,000 |
| Cost of operating, 1⁄4 cents per mile, 25 miles per day | $114 |
| New tires | $100 |
| Repairs | $50 |
| Painting vehicle four times | $100 |
| | $1,364 |
| Horse and Vehicle ||
| Original cost, horse, harness and vehicle | $500 |
| Cost of keeping horse five years | $1,200 |
| Shoeing the horse | $180 |
| Repairs on vehicle, including rubber tires | $150 |
| Repairs on harness, $10 per year | $50 |
| Painting vehicle four times | $100 |
| | $2,180 |

### Demise

The Detroit Automobile Company was reorganized into the Henry Ford Company on November 20, 1901, after Ford gained further backing from investors because of his racing success. It later became the Cadillac Company under the ownership of Henry Leland, who came in subsequently after Ford had left. The factory location for the Detroit Automobile Company is less than a mile away southeast from Mr. Ford's Piquette Avenue Plant, which opened four years later.
# Dhakpura

Dhakpura (Ḍhakpurā) is a village in Barnahal block of Mainpuri district, Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 969, in 151 households.

## Demographics

As of 2011, Dhakpura had a population of 969, in 151 households.$^{:124}$ This population was 53.7% male (511) and 47.3% female (458). The 0-6 age group numbered 183 (97 male and 86 female), or 18.9% of the total population. 64 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 6.6% of the total.$^{:100–1}$
The 1961 census recorded Dhakpura as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 473 people (272 male and 201 female), in 97 households and 79 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 671 acres.$^{:liv}$

## Infrastructure

As of 2011, Dhakpura had 1 primary school; it did not have any kind of healthcare facility. Drinking water was provided by well and hand pump; there were no public toilets. The village had a post office, as well as at least some access to electricity for all purposes. There was no public library. Streets were made of both kachcha and pakka materials.$^{:124–9}$
# Dhamsar

Dhamsar is a village in Barisal District in the Barisal Division of southern-central Bangladesh.
# Devangudi

Devangudi is a village near Thiruvaiyaru in Thanjavur district, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The village is situated between two principal waterways of South India: the Cauveri River, two kilometers to the north, and the Kollidam River, less than one kilometer to its south. Notable places of worship of this village include a Lord Murugan temple facing west and a lord Vinayagar temple facing east. These two temples were built exactly facing each other in the early 19th century.
* This Thanjavur district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Totan Kobako

Totan Kobako (小箱とたん, Kobako Totan) is the pen name of a Japanese manga artist from Fukuoka, Japan. He is best known as the creator of Sketchbook which was adapted into a 13 episode anime television series by the studio Hal Film Maker and broadcast on TV Tokyo.

## Works

* Sketchbook (スケッチブック, Suketchibukku) (2002-ongoing, serialized in Comic Blade, Mag Garden)
* Scorebook: Totan Kobako Short Story Anthology (スコアブック 小箱とたん作品集) (2007, Mag Garden)
# Toulouse-le-Château

Toulouse-le-Château (French pronunciation:; literally 'Toulouse the Château') is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
# Dhritarashtra (disambiguation)

Dhritarashtra (IAST: Dhṛtarāṣṭra; Sanskrit: धृतराष्ट्र) may refer to:
* Dhritarashtra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), a character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata
* Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Japanese: 持国天 "Jikoku"), a figure in Buddhist mythology, and one of the Four Heavenly Kings
# List of communities in Blaenau Gwent

Blaenau Gwent is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It is one of the 22 principal areas of Wales.
Communities are the lowest tier of local government in Wales. Unlike English counties, which often contain unparished areas, all Welsh principal areas are entirely divided into communities.
There are 12 communities in Blaenau Gwent since the creation of Garnlydan in 2021, with Tredegar being both the largest and the most populated one. Five of them have a community council: Brynmawr (town council), Nantyglo and Blaina (town council), Tredegar (town council), and Abertillery and Llanhilleth (who share a single community council).

## List of communities in Blaenau Gwent

| Community | Community | Population (2011) | Area (km$^2$, 2011) | Pre-1974 district | Remarks | Refs | Location map |
| English | Welsh | Population (2011) | Area (km$^2$, 2011) | Pre-1974 district | Remarks | Refs | Location map |
| Abertillery | Abertyleri | 11,601 | 18.74 | Abertillery Urban District | Includes Cwmtillery and Six Bells. | | |
| Badminton | Badminton | 3,110 | 2.68 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Created in 2010 from the community of Beaufort. | | |
| Beaufort | Cendl | 3,866 | 3.44 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | | | |
| Brynmawr | Brynmawr | 5,530 | 5.82 | Brynmawr Urban District | Town. | | |
| Cwm | Cwm | 4,295 | 9.79 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Includes Llan-dafel and Waun-Lwyd. | | |
| Ebbw Vale North | Gogledd Glynebwy | 4,561 | 2.49 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Created in 2010 from the community of Ebbw Vale. | | |
| Ebbw Vale South | De Glynebwy | 4,274 | 6.61 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Created in 2010 from the community of Ebbw Vale. | | |
| Garnlydan | Garnlydan | — | — | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Created in 2021 from the community of Beaufort. | | |
| Llanhilleth | Llanhiledd | 4,797 | 7.41 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Includes Aberbeeg, Brynithel, St Illtyd and Swffryd. | | |
| Nantyglo and Blaina | Nantyglo a Blaenau | 9,443 | 15.29 | Nantyglo and Blaina Urban District | Town. Includes Blaina, Coalbrookvale and Nantyglo. | | |
| Rassau | Rasa | 3,234 | 4.82 | Ebbw Vale Urban District | Created in 2010 from the community of Beaufort. | | |
| Tredegar | Tredegar | 15,103 | 31.68 | Tredegar Urban District | Town. Includes Ashvale, Georgetown, Sirhowy, Tafarnaubach and Trefil. | | |
# David Simpson (footballer, born 1963)

David Simpson (born 31 March 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# Jean Ballesdens

Jean Ballesdens (1595 in Paris – 1675 in Paris) was a French lawyer, editor and bibliophile, though he has left practically no writings. He is the first known collector of books with historic bindings.

## Biography

A lawyer to the parlement de Paris and secretary to chancellor Séguier, he was elected to the Académie française in 1648 - though he had renounced a place when it was first offered him, in favour of Pierre Corneille. He collected books and formed a library that was the rival of his master's in terms of numbers, choice and the editions' beauty. Notable books from it were the nine volumes in Grolier bindings.
# Tenywa

Tenywa may refer to:

## People

* Tenywa Bonseu (born 1976), Ugandan footballer
* Ezekiel Tenywa Wako of Busoga, Kyabazinga of Busoga

## Other uses

* Kamali Tenywa, fictional character
# National Ride to Work Day

The Australian National Ride to Work Day (also National Ride2Work Day) is a commuter cycling social movement and participatory event that encourages commuters to bicycle to and from work. The event is held in October annually at various location in most Australian states and territories. The event is organised by various Australians state and territory bicycle organisations and local government authorities. It is a free event for individuals to register and participate, with registrations over 100,000 in 2010. Workplace bicycle user groups are formed and workplace coordinators are encourage other colleagues to participate. Workplaces are recognised for outstanding participation.

## Event synopsis

The inaugural event was held in 1994 in Melbourne, organised by the Bicycle Network (then Bicycle Victoria) with 615 cyclists. Since then, the event has grown substantially and this year there was an estimated over 60,000 active participants from all over the country. In October 2006, 10,000 first-time riders and regular commuters registered prior to the event. An estimated 30,000 took part on the day throughout Victoria including sponsorship by more than 1,300 businesses. 34% of those who took up riding in the Victorian event in 2006 were still riding to work five months later.
Nationally, the event features public breakfasts in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Launceston, Melbourne (at Federation Square), Perth and Sydney. The event also often includes free massage, helmet hair repair, bike engravings by police, "Spokespersonalities", high-profile ambassadors including CEOs and politicians, prizes and giveaways.
In 2005, up to 6,000 cyclists met at Federation Square to have breakfast as part of Ride to Work Day, double the number from 2004. About 10,000 Victorians are estimated to have left their cars at home in favour of the bike.
# Chionodes nepos

Chionodes nepos is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
# Air instrument

In the context of musical performance, air instruments refers to the miming of sound-producing-gestures used in playing musical instruments. Simply put, air instruments are imaginary. Examples of air instruments include but are not limited to:
* air guitar – for electric guitar or acoustic guitar;
* air bass – for bass guitar;
* air drums – for snare drums, bongos or bass drum, or most commonly air drum set often with double bass pedals;
* air keyboards – such as air piano for piano;
* air violin – for violin or cello;
* air flute – for flute (or piccolo);
* air xylophone – for the xylophone;
* air trumpet – for trumpet (as opposed to car/boat air trumpet horns);
* air trombone – for trombone.

## Origins

The playing of air instruments has been documented through the 20th century (see: Air guitar). However, no sources have been found that exclude the playing of air instruments in ancient times, during private performances, such as for air flute or air lyre (for lyres or harps). One gesture musical instrument which won first place in the 2008 Chicago Makers Faire at the Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry is an instrument named Airheads that demonstrates the ability to simulate different musical instrument using only your hand gestures moving in the air.

## Air piano

For the air piano, both left and right hands can be used, as well as moving the feet to mimic pressing the piano floor pedals.
Besides the imaginary air piano, there is a motion-activated musical instrument interface called an "AirPiano" which is controlled by waving the hands above the top.
The AirPiano is a musical computer interface (from 2007) which allows playing and controlling software instruments simply by moving hands in the air over the device, connected by USB cable. Above the AirPiano is an invisible matrix of virtual keys plus faders, each pre-assigned with MIDI messages and waiting to be triggered, via infrared sensors. The length of each triggered note is determined by the time the hand is placed over the corresponding virtual key. Beyond the feedback of the sounds changing, hand placement is also confirmed by LED feedback. The first version of AirPiano generated polyphonic sound, with 24 keys using 8 faders.
The AirPiano software provides for the loading/saving of presets and transposing notes. The AirPiano technique has been filed as a Provisional U.S. Patent Application (Number: 60/989,986).

## Air violin

Besides the gestures to accompany real violin performances, playing the air violin can also be a form of sarcasm, to indicate that another person seems to be rambling with a sob story or whining excessively, in self-pity.
# Cycloptilum squamosum

Cycloptilum squamosum, known generally as the Scudder's scaly cricket or Scudder's scaly bush cricket, is a species of scaly cricket in the family Mogoplistidae. It is found in North America.
# Curtis Alexander

Curtis Alexander may refer to:
* Curtis Alexander, a footballer on the fictional footballing drama Dream Team
* Curtis Alexander (gridiron football) (born 1974), former American and Canadian football player
* Curt Alexander, screenwriter on The Bartered Bride'
# Svojanovský

Svojanovský, Svoyanovsky or Svoyanovski is a Slavic masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Svojanovska or Svoyanovskaya. It may refer to:
* Oldřich Svojanovský (born 1946), Czech rower
* Pavel Svojanovský (born 1943), Czech rower, brother of Oldřich
# Cuspidata

Cuspidata is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Tortricinae of the family Tortricidae.

## Species

* Cuspidata anthracitis Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata bidens Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata castanea Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata ditoma Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata hypomelas Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata leptozona Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata micaria Diakonoff, 1973
* Cuspidata obscura Diakonoff, 1970
* Cuspidata oligosperma Diakonoff, 1960
* Cuspidata viettei Diakonoff, 1960
# J. Caleb Clanton

J. Caleb Clanton is professor of philosophy and the Distinguished University Chair in Philosophy and Humanities at Lipscomb University. He previously held faculty appointments at Vanderbilt University, Pepperdine University, and Samford University. Clanton is known for his research on philosophy of religion and moral philosophy.

## Books

* Nature and Command: On the Metaphysical Foundations of Morality (with Kraig Martin), University of Tennessee Press, 2022
* God and Morality in Christian Traditions (co-edited with Kraig Martin), Abilene Christian University Press, 2022
* Great Ideas in History, Politics, and Philosophy (co-edited with Richard C. Goode), Baylor University Press, 2021
* Restoration and Philosophy, University of Tennessee Press, 2019
* Philosophy of Religion in the Classical American Tradition, University of Tennessee Press, 2016
* The Philosophy of Religion of Alexander Campbell, University of Tennessee Press, 2013 (winner of the Lester McAllister Prize)
* The Classical American Pragmatists & Religion, Baylor University Press, 2011
* The Ethics of Citizenship, Baylor University Press, 2009
* Religion and Democratic Citizenship, Lexington Books, 2008
# Swash (disambiguation)

Swash may refer to:
* Swash, the water that washes up on shore after an incoming wave has broken
* Swash (brand), a range of laundry products produced by Procter & Gamble
* Swash (appliance), a Whirlpool corporation appliance
* Swash (typography), a typographical flourish on a glyph
* SWASH (water, sanitation and hygiene), a public health term used in schools

## People with the surname Swash

* Joe Swash (born 1982), British actor
* Shana Swash (born 1990), British actress
# Charles Messenger

Charles Messenger may refer to:
* Charles A. Messenger (1853– 21 April 1905), British-Australian rower, champion sculler of Victoria, Australia, father of Dally Messenger
* Chas Messenger (Charles William Messenger, 1914–2008), British cyclist
* Charles Messenger (runner), winner of the 1968 distance medley relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships
# J. Halcombe Laning

J. Halcombe "Hal" Laning Jr. (February 14, 1920, in Kansas City, Missouri – May 29, 2012) was a Massachusetts Institute of Technology computer pioneer who in 1952 invented an algebraic compiler called George (also known as the Laning and Zierler system after the authors of the published paper) that ran on the MIT Whirlwind, the first real-time computer. Laning designed George to be an easier-to-use alternative to assembly language for entering mathematical equations into a computer. He later became a key contributor to the 1960s race to the Moon, with pioneering work on space-based guidance systems for the Apollo Moon missions. From 1955 to 1980, he was deputy associate director of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory.
In 1956 he published the book Random Processes in Automatic Control (McGraw-Hill Series on Control System Engineering), with Richard Battin as a coauthor.
In collaboration with Phil Hankins and Charlie Werner of MIT, he initiated work on MAC (MIT Algebraic Compiler), an algebraic programming language for the IBM 650, which was completed by early spring of 1958.

## Career

Laning received his PhD from MIT in 1947 with a dissertation titled "Mathematical Theory of Lubrication-Type Flow". His undergraduate degree in Chemical Engineering (1940) was also from MIT.
He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1983 for his work in aerospace engineering, particularly his "unique pioneering achievements in missile guidance and computer science—the Q-guidance system for Thor and Polaris [missiles] and George". He was also an honorary member of the American Mathematical Society.
Laning features prominently in the third episode of the Science Channel's documentary miniseries titled Moon Machines which aired in June 2008.

### Apollo Program

He later worked in the MIT Draper Lab, with Richard H. Battin, to develop a scheme for doing onboard navigation on the Apollo program's command/service module guidance system. He designed the Executive and Waitlist operating system for the LGC (Lunar Module Guidance Computer) in the mid 1960s; he built it up from scratch with no examples to guide him, and the design is still valid. The allocation of functions among a sensible number of asynchronous processes, under control of a rate and priority-driven preemptive executive, still represents the state of the art in real-time GN&C computers for spacecraft. His design saved the Apollo 11 landing mission when the rendezvous radar interface program began using more register core sets and "Vector Accumulator" areas than were physically available in memory, causing the infamous 1201 and 1202 errors. Had it not been for Laning's design the landing would have been aborted for lack of a stable guidance computer.
# Cychrus busatoi

Cychrus busatoi is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Cavazzuti in 2009.
# 2023 Geneva Open – Doubles

Jamie Murray and Michael Venus defeated Marcel Granollers and Horacio Zeballos in the final, 7–6$^{(8–6)}$, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$ to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 Geneva Open.
Nikola Mektić and Mate Pavić were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Simone Bolelli and Fabrice Martin.

## Seeds

* Marcelo Arévalo / Jean-Julien Rojer (semifinals)
* Nikola Mektić / Mate Pavić (quarterfinals)
* Marcel Granollers / Horacio Zeballos (final)
* Jamie Murray / Michael Venus (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Arévalo J-J Rojer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Melo J Peers | 3 | 4 | | 1 | M Arévalo J-J Rojer | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | N Ćaćić N Lammons | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | N Ćaćić N Lammons | 6$^3$ | 2 | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Mies D Vega Hernández | 6$^2$ | 1 | | | | | | 1 | M Arévalo J-J Rojer | 4 | 5 | | | | | |
| 3 | M Granollers H Zeballos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 3 | M Granollers H Zeballos | 6 | 7 | | | | | |
| | A Behar M Demoliner | 2 | 2 | | 3 | M Granollers H Zeballos | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| PR | H Dellien G Pella | 3 | 6 | [10] | PR | H Dellien G Pella | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | I Sabanov M Sabanov | 6 | 4 | [3] | | | | | | | | | | 3 | M Granollers H Zeballos | 6$^6$ | 6$^3$ |
| | A Erler L Miedler | 5 | 6 | [10] | | | | | | | | | | 4 | J Murray M Venus | 7$^8$ | 7$^7$ |
| | D Hidalgo B Shelton | 7 | 4 | [8] | | A Erler L Miedler | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | R Carballés Baena B Zapata Miralles | 3 | 2 | | 4 | J Murray M Venus | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Murray M Venus | 6 | 6 | | | | | | 4 | J Murray M Venus | 6 | 3 | [10] | | | | |
| WC | A Cazaux B Paire | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | S Bolelli F Martin | 1 | 6 | [6] | | | | |
| | S Bolelli F Martin | 6 | 6 | | | S Bolelli F Martin | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | J Cash H Patten | 6$^4$ | 3 | | 2 | N Mektić M Pavić | 4 | 3 | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | N Mektić M Pavić | 7$^7$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke S9

The women's 100m backstroke S9 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 13 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 09:45.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Ellie Cole | Australia | 1:13.12 | Q |
| 2 | Elizabeth Stone | United States | 1:13.52 | Q |
| 3 | Emilie Gral | France | 1:16.06 | Q |
| 4 | Eztitxu Vivanco | France | 1:17.28 | |
| 5 | Christiane Reppe | Germany | 1:19.12 | |
| 6 | Emily Gray | South Africa | 1:20.01 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Stephanie Dixon | Canada | 1:10.85 | Q |
| 2 | Stephanie Millward | Great Britain | 1:12.34 | Q |
| 3 | Claire Cashmore | Great Britain | 1:14.47 | Q |
| 4 | Lizzie Simpkin | Great Britain | 1:15.65 | Q |
| 5 | Darda Sales | Canada | 1:16.26 | Q |
| 6 | Amanda Drennan | Australia | 1:17.06 | |
| 7 | Dun Longjuan | China | 1:18.69 | |

### Final

Competed at 18:08.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | Stephanie Dixon | Canada | 1:09.30 | WR |
| | Elizabeth Stone | United States | 1:11.16 | |
| | Ellie Cole | Australia | 1:11.87 | |
| 4 | Stephanie Millward | Great Britain | 1:14.13 | |
| 5 | Lizzie Simpkin | Great Britain | 1:14.38 | |
| 6 | Claire Cashmore | Great Britain | 1:14.46 | |
| 7 | Darda Sales | Canada | 1:15.91 | |
| 8 | Emilie Gral | France | 1:16.42 | |
Q = qualified for final. WR = World Record.