OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# War chest

A war chest is a metaphor for any collection of tools or money intended to be used in a challenging or dangerous situation. Historically, it referred to an actual chest located in the homes or barracks of soldiers or military leadership, in which arms and armor were stored. Traveling armies, such as that of Hannibal, collected the spoils of war and used them to negotiate with others to resolve conflicts through economic exchange rather than violence. In the modern era, the term refers to amassed funds, expertise, and/or equipment which allows a person or organization to survive a challenging situation.

## Etymology

In arms and armor, a war chest is a container for the personal weapons and protective gear of a citizen-soldier, kept in the household, and is the origin of the term. The term's modern meaning originates with the medieval practice of having a chest, literally, filled with money to open in time of war.

## In politics

In politics, a war chest is funding obtained from donors well in advance of a campaign, usually accumulated by an incumbent for either re-election or to contest a more advanced office, or provided by a wealthy candidate to their own campaign. The possession of such excess funds may discourage otherwise viable candidates from a primary or general election challenge.

## In business

In business a war chest, or cash mountain is a stash of money set aside to deal with unexpected changes in the business environment, or to use when expansion possibilities arise.
Today companies can use accumulated cash or rely on quickly raised debt which costs less to carry when you do not need it. This is not always a reasonable substitute, as the credit available to a company typically drops as a result of the same actions that require the war chest to be opened.
Companies can redistribute their war chests to shareholders by issuing larger or special dividends, or more commonly through share buyback operations. Companies do this because if actually held in cash, the companies will be earning a low rate of return in the money markets, whereas they could be using the funds to invest in more profitable projects. If they continue not to invest the funds, shareholders may sell the company's shares and make it vulnerable to a takeover. This would place the current management's jobs at risk.

## In professional sports

In club association football, it refers to the transfer budget that the club's manager has been allotted for acquisition of new players by the club's chairman, board of directors, owner or investors.

## Related terms

Similar terms are also referred to as surplus cash, cash reserves, emergency reserves, acquisition funds, rainy day funds, or undistributed earnings within different contexts.
# Enrique Fernández

Enrique Fernández may refer to:

## Artist and entertainers

* Enrique Fernández Arbós (1863–1939), Spanish violinist and composer
* Enrique Fernández (director) (born 1953), Uruguayan filmmaker

## Sportspeople

* Enrique Fernández (footballer, born 1912) (1912–1985), Uruguay international football midfielder and manager
* Enrique Fernández (footballer, born 1944), Argentina international football midfielder
* Enrique Fernández (footballer, born 2003), Spanish football midfielder for Real Betis

## Other people

* Enrique Fernández Prado (1940–2018), Spanish businessman
* Enrique Fernández Heredia (fl. 1932–1938), Republican military commander in the Spanish Civil War
# Wembley (disambiguation)

Wembley is a suburb of the London Borough of Brent, England.
Wembley may also refer to:
* the English national football stadium located in Wembley, London:
** Wembley Stadium, the current stadium, opened in 2007 on the site of the 1923 stadium
** Wembley Stadium (1923), the former stadium, built in 1923, demolished in 2003
* Wembley Arena, an indoor arena adjacent to Wembley Stadium
* Wembley Park, a suburban area in north-east Wembley, London
* Wembley, Western Australia, a suburb of the Australian city of Perth
* Wembley, Alberta, a town in northern Alberta province, Canada
* Wembley Fraggle, a character in the TV series Fraggle Rock and Fraggle Rock: The Animated Series
* "Wembley", 1993 song by the Candyskins from Fun?
# Croft & Boerner

Croft & Boerner was an architectural and engineering firm based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It was a partnership of Francis Boerner (1889–1936) and Ernest Croft (1889–1959). Several of their works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places for their architecture.
Both Boerner and Croft studied at the University of Minnesota, completing degrees in engineering. One or both then spent three years in New York City working for Turner Construction Company, a firm then known for its use of reinforced concrete.

## Works

Works include:
* Northwestern Terminal complex of buildings (c.1919), Minneapolis, Minnesota$^{:15}$
* Harper and McIntire Company Warehouse (1921), Cedar Rapids, Iowa, NRHP-listed
* St. Louis County District Courthouse (1921 addition), 300 S. Fifth Ave., Virginia, Minnesota, NRHP-listed
* Ottumwa High School (1923), Ottumwa, Iowa
* Mille Lacs County Courthouse (1923), 635 2nd St. SE, Milaca, Minnesota, NRHP-listed
* Ottumwa Young Women's Christian Association (1924), 133 W. Second St., Ottumwa, Iowa, NRHP-listed
* Franklin Junior High School (1932), 1001 Kingwood St., Brainerd, Minnesota, NRHP-listed
# M. maritima

M. maritima may refer to:
* Malcolmia maritima, the Virginia stock, a popular annual garden plant species
* Muilla maritima, the sea muilla and common muilla, a flowering plant species native to California

## Synonyms

* Matricaria maritima, a synonym for Tripleurospermum maritimum, a plant species
# Courtenay station

Courtenay Station is a former railway station in downtown Courtenay, British Columbia. The station was the northern terminus for the Dayliner Via Rail service that ended in 2011.

## History

Courtenay Station was built in 1914 when the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway reached Courtenay. It was originally supposed to be a stop along the line to Campbell River, however, due to World War I the line only went as far as Courtenay.
The former Canadian Pacific Railway station was given heritage status by the City of Courtenay in 2002.

## Closure

The station was closed indefinitely on March 19, 2011 due to track maintenance. However, due to a lack of funding the line was replaced with a bus service, and on August 7, 2011, the station closed. Service was supposed to start in summer 2015, but this was also cancelled due to lack of funding.
# Panjpeer Rocks

Panjpeer Rocks is a cliff in Pakistan. It is located in Union Council Narar of Tehsil Kahuta, about 70 km away from the capital Islamabad. It is approximately 5500 feet above the sea level. Adjacent places include Panjar, Kotli Sattian, and Sore village that includes Manjan Lake and Sore waterfall.

## History

The rocks are named after five holy men who meditated a thousand year ago.
# Eugenia ekmanii

Eugenia ekmanii is a species of plant. In the family Myrtaceae, it is found in Haiti and Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Elizabeth Upton, Baroness Templetown

Elizabeth Upton, Baroness Templetown (née Boughton; 1746/47 – c. 30 September 1823) was an English artist whose designs were used by Josiah Wedgwood the potter. She specialised in detailed cut-paper work which adapted well to Wedgwood's jasperware with white bas relief scenes on coloured backgrounds. Wedgwood first chose one of her designs in 1783, and his 1787 catalogue referred to her as having "exquisite taste" and "charming groups". Several of the designs Wedgwood used have a feminine or domestic theme. She also painted in watercolours and sculpted in clay. Of particular note were her sculptures of family, including grandchildren. A famous bust was made of her son-in-law the Marquess of Bristol.

## Personal life

Born in Herefordshire, she was the third daughter of Shuckburgh Boughton and granddaughter of Sir William Boughton, 4th Baronet. She married Clotworthy Upton in 1769. Their family home was Castle Upton in Templepatrick, County Antrim, Ireland. In 1776, her husband became Baron Templetown.
Lady Templetown stayed in Rome a lot towards the end of her life, dying in 1823. Her brother, Charles, was a Member of Parliament.
Her children included:
* Elizabeth Albana Upton, who married Frederick, 1st Marquess of Bristol
# PVT1

Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding), also known as PVT1 or Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 is a long non-coding RNA gene. In mice, this gene was identified as a breakpoint site in chromosome 6;15 translocations. These translocations are associated with murine plasmacytomas. The equivalent translocation in humans is t(2;8), which is associated with a rare variant of Burkitt's lymphoma. In rats, this breakpoint was shown to be a common site of proviral integration in retrovirally induced T lymphomas. Transcription of PVT1 is regulated by Myc.
Overexpression of PVT1 could lead to tumorigenesis in three ways. Rearrangements of DNA through the fusion of PVT1 and Oncogene tumor suppressor could lead to the dysregulation of oncogene or tumor suppressor genes, eventually leading to tumorigenesis. Next, expression of the PVT1-encoded miRNAs can downregulate tumor suppressor genes, causing tumorigenesis. Finally, increase in the interaction of MYC with PVT1 can lead to tumorigenesis.
Overexpression of PVT1 located at 8q24.21 region of the chromosome is associated with many cancers in human through dysregulation of certain different genes in different cancers. For instance, the overexpression of PVT1 in prostate Cancer downregulates the miR-146a gene that leads to a decrease of miR-146a levels in a cell, through the methylation of CpG island on its promoter region, promoting the suppression of the cancer cell apoptosis. Furthermore, activity of lncPVT1 and its associated microRNAs has been shown to influence chemotherapy resistance in multiple cancers by epigenetic regulation or direct repression of other non-coding transcripts.
# Omoglymmius pilosus

Omoglymmius pilosus is a species of beetle in the subfamily Rhysodidae. It was described by Grouvelle in 1903.
# Panduranga Hegde

Panduranga Hegde is an environmentalist from Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India and is known as the person who started Appiko movement to protect trees in Western Ghats.

## Birth and early life

Panduranga Hegde was born in Uttara Kannada District and studied bachelor's degree at Karnatak University. He worked as Chartered Accountant at Delhi and later trained himself in Social work at Delhi School of Social Work and spent four years in Madhya Pradesh among rural people with Damoh, a non government organisation. He was attracted by Chipko movement led by Sundarlal Bahuguna and got involved with protection of forests and environment.

## Appiko movement

Panduranga Hegde is inspired by Sundarlal Bahuguna and Amrita Devi Bishnoi in the area of environmental protection and is known as disciple of the latter. During the 1980s, Panduraga Hegde led people to protect trees in forest by embracing the trees or appiko (as in local language Kannada) when the contractors tried to fell trees. He was a great nature lover.

## Later activities

* Involved in creating people awareness against the dangers of radiation near Kaiga nuclear plant established in Karnataka.
* Filed a case in the Supreme Court of India against felling of trees in Western Ghats for construction of railway line.
* He has been opposing high rise dams constructed for hydroelectrical production, in view of environmental damage.
* Panduranga Hegde is recording the biodiversity of Western Ghats for past several years.
* He is actively involved in Save Western Ghats campaign.
* The traditional knowledge of tribes like Siddis are studied and propagated by Panduranga Hegde for conservation of environment.
* He was instrumental in releasing Western Ghats Manifesto before 15th Loksabha election, so as to commit the candidates competing for election towards holistic policies to conserve the Western Ghats.
* He also joined hands with Bangalore-based Kenneth Anderson Nature Society to protest against Gundia Hydel Power Project and alleged that the project is illegal as it destroys more than 700 hectares of thick forests. Nature is our mother. The more we will harm, the more we face some great severe consequences. So better you humans stop industrialization and urbanization and promote afforestation.
# M. mercenaria

M. mercenaria may refer to:
* Menippe mercenaria, the Florida stone crab, an edible crab species found in the western North Atlantic, from North Carolina to Belize, including Texas, the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba and the Bahamas
* Mercenaria mercenaria, the hard clam, quahog, round clam or hard-shell clam, an edible marine bivalve mollusk species native to the eastern shores of North America, from Prince Edward Island to the Yucatán Peninsula
# Cough center

The cough center is a region of the brain which controls coughing. The cough center is located in the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. Cough suppressants focus their action on the cough center.

## Structure

The exact location and functionality of the cough center has remained somewhat elusive: while Johannes Peter Müller observed in 1838 that the medulla coordinates the cough reflex, investigating it has been slow because the usual anaesthetics for experimental animals were morphine or opiates, drugs which strongly inhibit cough. In addition, the center likely overlaps with the respiratory rhythm generator networks. It is hence not so much a specific area, but a function within the respiration and reflex networks of the brainstem.
Cough receptors project to relay neurones in the solitary nucleus, which project to other parts of the respiratory networks. In particular, the pre-Bötzinger complex may act as a pattern generator for the cough response. Parts of the caudal medullary raphe nucleus (nucleus raphe obscurus and nucleus raphe magnus) are known to be essential for the cough response. Other systems that may be involved in pattern generation and regulation are the pontine respiratory group, the lateral tegmental field and the deep cerebellar nuclei. Successful joint models of medullary systems coordinating breathing, coughing and swallowing has been constructed based on this model.
Coughing can occur or be inhibited as a voluntary action, suggesting control from higher systems in the brain. Functional brain imaging of voluntary, suppressed, and induced coughing show that a number of cortical areas can get involved and may be important even for non-voluntary coughing. In contrast, voluntary coughing does not seem to activate medullary systems.
# Eugenia de Montijo (Madrid Metro)

Eugenia de Montijo is a station on Line 5 of the Madrid Metro, named for the Calle de Eugenia de Montijo, which is named after Eugénie de Montijo (1826–1920), a Spanish noblewoman who was Empress of the French as wife of Napoléon III. It is located in fare Zone A.
# Elizabeth V. Spelman

Elizabeth V. Spelman is a philosopher in the United States. She is currently a professor at Smith College. She is a Barbara Richmond 1940 Professor in the Humanities. Due to this position she currently resides in Northampton, Massachusetts.

## Studies

Her studies focus on four aspects: critical race feminism, emotions being shaped, repair activities of humans, and humans as waste makers. Critical race theory is "a critical examination of society and culture, to the intersection of race, law, and power". However, Spelman's interpretation of this theory also involves women. She expresses her thoughts about the subject in her book titled Inessential Woman: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought. This book focuses on her studies of race and gender together. Her book titled Fruits of Sorrow: Framing our Attention to Suffering, focuses on her studies of human emotions. She believes politics and interactions between humans cannot be separated from our emotions. They influence one another. The emotion that is focused on in this book is that of human suffering. Her studies regard what can come about from suffering. She notes that not all things that come about from suffering are bad. She focuses on three ways people who suffer can be seen: "tragic figures, or objects of compassion, or bearers of experiences from which others can learn or otherwise profit". In this book she attempts to discover the meaning and significance of human suffering. Her studies involve the suffering of oneself as well as that of others. Her studies of repair activities of humans is published in her book titled Repair: The Impulse to Restore a Fragile World. This book ties into her other piece, Fruits of Sorrow. While that book shows the imperfections of life, e.g. the fact that things break, this piece shows humans' needs to fix them. Her book delves into what makes humans human. We naturally attempt to fix things that are broken or wrong in our lives.
Her 2016 book Trash Talks: Revelations in the Rubbish focuses on the complex relationship between human beings and waste.

## Influences on feminist philosophy

Spelman presents many ideas that impact the branch of feminist philosophy. Spelman "holds that social conditioning creates femininity" and therefore all around the world a definition of femininity is different. Though she does believe that women raised in different cultures are different, she also believes all women have something in common to one another. Another point that Spelman emphasizes is that of social standings. She states, "no woman is subject to any form of oppression simply because she is a woman; which forms of oppression she is subject to depend on what "kind" of woman she is". Just like men, women are treated differently based upon race, religion, sexual orientation, etc. Each of which play a part in how a woman is seen in society.
# David Brown (pharmacologist)

David Anthony Brown, FRS FBPhS (1936–2023) was emeritus Professor of Pharmacology at University College London, having joined the department in April 1987 and served as Head of Department from October 1987 to April 2002.

## Education

Brown graduated from University College with a BSc degree in Chemistry, Zoology and Physiology, followed by Special Physiology, and from St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College with a PhD in pharmacology.

## Career and research

Prior to joining UCL he was Wellcome Professor of Pharmacology at the School of Pharmacy. He has also held visiting professorships in the Universities of Chicago, Iowa and Texas, and the University of Kanazawa (Japan), and has been a Fogarty Scholar-in-Residence at the National Institutes of Health in the United States.
His publications are widespread and well known, having had his work published in prominent journals such as the British Journal of Pharmacology and the Journal of Neuroscience. He is past editor-in-chief of the British Journal of Pharmacology, and has served on the editorial boards of many other journals, including the Journal of Physiology, Neuron, Trends in Neurosciences and Proceedings of the Royal Society.

## Awards and honours

Brown was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1990, an Honorary Fellow and sometime Council Member of the British Pharmacological Society, an Elected Fellow of the Institute of Biology (1980) and an Elected Fellow of Academia Europaea (1996). He won the Feldberg Foundation Prize in 1992.
# PVZ

PVZ or PvZ may refer to:
* Party for Zeeland, a provincial political party in the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands
* Plants vs. Zombies, a video game franchise developed by PopCap Games
** Plants vs. Zombies (video game), a 2009 tower defense video game and the first game of the video game series
* Póvoa de Varzim, a Portuguese city in the Norte Region and sub-region of Greater Porto
* Paige VanZant, an American mixed martial artist
# Entrance Station

The Entrance Station at Devils Tower National Monument is a log cabin in the National Park Service Rustic style, built in 1941. The cabin is based on 1933 plans created by the National Park Service Landscape Division for a now-vanished caretaker's cabin at Aspenglen Campground in Rocky Mountain National Park, adapted by NPS architect Howard W. Baker of the Branch of Plans and Design for dual use as an entrance station and as a residence. It features a unique porch with rough-cut projecting log ends in a scooped pattern.
The interior was renovated in 1999, replacing the living spaces with office space.
# Manoel Island Football Ground

The Manoel Island Football Ground was a stadium in Manoel Island, Gżira, Malta. It was used mostly for football matches.

## History

During the summer of 1965, the Malta Football Association together with the affiliated clubs decided not to play at Empire Stadium following an argument with the management over the distribution of gate-money. Following lengthy discussions, the Association decided to transfer all football activities for the 1965/66 football season to the Manoel Island Football Ground. The stadium was regarded as unsuitable to host league football matches as the lack of security at the ground made it easy for the fans to cause trouble. This caused a number of matches to be abandoned and for the said season to go down in history "as one of the most ill-fated competitions in the history of Maltese football".
In the following season, football returned to the Empire Stadium as the Association managed to clinch a new agreement with the operators of The Stadium.

## Future

The site has been subject to a proposed development by local property consortium, MIDI plc, for a number of years. Gzira United, who have been running the premises since the early 1990s, expressed the willingness to redevelop the clubs premises, including the stadium, on a number of times, but the issue of the legal title over the area remains a stumbling block for the club.

## Trivia

Besides the Manoel Island Football Ground, Manoel Island is also home to another football pitch. This is commonly referred to as the Gzira football pitch and nowadays is used to host other events, such as the annual Luna Park and, more recently, the World Cup Village.
The existence of the Gzira football pitch, which is situated right next to the bridge linking the Manoel Island with the mainland may also explain why the Manoel island Football Ground is sometimes referred to as the Manoel Island Upper Ground.

## Notable events

On February 14, 1966, the Malta national football team defeated the Libya national football team 1-0 in the first and only international match at the Manoel Island Football Ground. Edward Aquilina won the match for the Maltese with a goal in the second half.
# Croatia women's national rugby sevens team

The Croatia women's national sevens team represents Croatia in Rugby sevens. They compete regularly in Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Conference division. They competed at the 2021 Rugby Europe Women's Sevens Conference and won bronze.

## Players
### Previous Squads

* Petra Drušković
* Maja Gajica
* Ada Tanasković
* Nikolina Pivčević
* Antea Dedić
* Lucrezia Meštrov
* Vedrana Alajbeg
* Franćeska Pleština
* Tihana Žaja
* Ana-marija Cikojević
* Željka Butković
* Mateja Spajic
* Eleonora Ozeke
* Gloria Molak
* Ornela Bešker Amulić

## Tournament History
### Rugby Europe Women's Sevens

Rugby Europe Women's Sevens :
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D | L |
| 2012 | 15th Place Playoff | 16th | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2013 | 7th Place Playoff | 8th | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 2014 | 11th Place Playoff | 12th | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 | 3rd Place Playoff | | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 | Plate Finals | 7th | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 2017 | Plate Finals | 5th | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| 2018 | Plate Finals | | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 | 5th Place Playoff | 6th | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2021 | NA | | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Total | 0 Titles | 9/9 | 54 | 26 | 1 | 27 |