OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Guadalupe Marín

Guadalupe "Lupe" Marín (October 16, 1895 – September 16, 1983), born María Guadalupe Marín Preciado, was a Mexican model and novelist.

## Biography

Marín was born in Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico. When aged eight, Marín moved with her family to Guadalajara. In 1922, she became the second wife of muralist Diego Rivera. She was the mother of Rivera's two youngest daughters, Ruth and Guadalupe Rivera Marín. Marín was married to Rivera for six years, ending in 1928.
She was married to the poet Jorge Cuesta on November 9, 1928; they divorced on April 13, 1933. She had one son from her second marriage, Lucio Antonio Cuesta-Marín, born in 1930.
Marín was the subject of portrait paintings by Rivera, Frida Kahlo and Juan Soriano. She is featured in the Rivera mural Creation, for which she modeled as Strength, Song, and Woman, and modeled nude as Earth for Rivera's Chapingo chapel mural while several months pregnant. She also modeled for photographer Edward Weston. Of the 1924 portrait, Weston wrote "I am finishing the portrait of Lupe. It is a heroic head, the best I have done in Mexico."
In 1938, Marín's semi-autobiographical novel La Única (The Unique Woman) was published. Her book La Única was banned in Mexico for many years owing to its erotic nature. In 2003, the novel and Marín were cited by author Salvador A. Oropesa in his book The Contemporáneos Group as being a feminist component of a counterculture writers' movement in post-revolutionary Mexico. She also wrote Un día patrio (A Patriotic Day) in 1941, in which she expressed political ideas.

## Legacy and death

Marín died in Mexico City on September 16, 1983, at the age of 87.
A novel in Spanish about Marín and Rivera's time together, Dos Veces única by Elena Poniatowska, was published in 2016.
She was portrayed by Valeria Golino in the 2002 film Frida.
# Farm shop

A farm shop, or "farm stand" in the United States, is a type of retail outlet which usually sells produce directly from a farm. Some farm shops also resell related goods such as locally produced groceries, foods, drinks and delicatessen products.
In developed countries the number of farm shops is increasing as farms seek to diversify their sources of income in the face of financial pressures. Direct sales to the consumer allow farmers to retain a larger portion of the resulting profit than they can obtain by selling to a wholesaler or larger reseller. Many farm shops sell higher-margin premium goods such as organic produce of known local provenance in order to differentiate their offerings from those in supermarkets. Larger farm shops may target the leisure-shopping market, offering tea-rooms, gift shops and rural lifestyle products.
In recent years, especially in strongly agrarian regions and countries such as the United Kingdom, farm shops are commonly associated with garden centres and nurseries. Often, these garden centres provide a significant amount of support for the farm shop by attracting customers, and vice versa.
# MAB21L2

Mab-21-like 2 (C. elegans) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAB21L2 gene.

## Function

This gene is similar to the C. elegans MAB-21 cell fate-determining gene, a downstream target of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. It is thought that this gene may be involved in neural development. The protein encoded by this gene is primarily nuclear, although some cytoplasmic localization has been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
# Collège de Beauvais

The College of Beauvais (also known the College of Dormans-Beauvais) was in Paris in what is now the Rue Jean de Beauvais. At the end of the 17th century and at the beginning of the 18th century, it was one of the leading schools of France, educating pupils whose parents were prominent in the French establishment.

## History

The college was founded in 1370 by Jean de Dormans, Bishop of Beauvais and Chancellor of France. The Midsummer's Day Hall which remains standing today, was built in 1375 by Raymond du Temple, architect of Charles V of France. Later in 1381 he designed further buildings of the college.
In 1699, historian Charles Rollin was appointed principal of the Collège de Beauvais. He was succeeded in 1712 by Charles Coffin.
Alumni of the College of Beauvais include Jean Racine, Nicolas Boileau, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simone Nicolas Henri Linguet, Charles Perrault, Cyrano de Bergerac and Claude Nicolas Ledoux etc.
# Vishtasp Kairshasp Choksy

Vishtasp Kairshasp Choksy (born 22 December 1969) (known as V.K Choksy) is a Sri Lankan Lawyer and advisor. He is a Civil Lawyer and appointed President's Counsel. Choksy belongs to an influential family and is the son of politician and lawyer K. N. Choksy P.C. His expertise in resolving legal disputes and issues for government organisations as well as private clients are remarkable. Choksy was one of the active members and contributed the best of his knowledge in the constitutional challenge to the dissolution of Parliament in 2018.
He is also chairman of National Institute of Business Management (Sri Lanka) and director at NSBM. He is a Member of the National Intellectual Property Commission, and Legal Advisor to Mahapola Higher Education Scholarship Trust Fund. A member of the Finance Ministry Compensation Tribunal, A Trustee of the Pragna Bandu Trust Fund & a Member of the Political Vicitimasation Committee. He is also a Director of the Road Development Authority (R.D.A..)He had led several notable cases at state and federal courts. Choksy has been widely recognized for his involvement in the supreme court cases and was appointed as the President's Counsel under the Article 33 of the Constitution of Sri Lanka.
Choksy has held positions at a companies including Golden Key Credit Card, Abans Finance PLC, Advantage Ltd and NIBM. In 1993 he won the Merit Prize for Professional Ethics and Accountancy.

## Early life and education

Choksy was born in Colombo on 22 December 1969. He is from an influential family of lawyers in Sri Lanka and is the grandson of N. K. Choksy Q.C.and son of K. N. Choksy. Choksy's father was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka and Cabinet Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe. He grew up with two siblings.
Choksy completed his primary education from S. Thomas' Preparatory School, and then enrolled in the Colombo International School. As a teenager, Choksy decided to pursue law. He studied at Sri Lanka Law College.

## Career

He started his career as a lawyer right after completing graduation from law school. He apprenticed with Romesh De Silva P.C. and started working with him after finishing college. Since 1993, Choksy has been practicing law, with a specialty in Civil Law.

## Awards

Choksy is the recipient of The Merit Prize for Professional Ethics and Accountancy, 1993 and Mahapola Award Scholarship at the Sri Lanka Law College Entrance Examination. Over 30 years has had an active participation in The District Courts, Commercial High Courts, Civil Appellate High Courts, Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. He specializes in handling commercial cases and has worked for a number of corporate clients.

## Family

Choksy is married to Sirini Ratnayake, a Lawyer. The couple has three children, two daughters and one son. Choksy speaks fluent English and Sinhala. He is a Zoroastrian Parsee from ancient Persian descent. Choksy is a vegetarian because of his compassion for animals.
# Constanze Backes

Constanze Backes is a classically trained German soprano in opera and concert. She has toured throughout Europe and performed in many classical genres but over the last few years has focused primarily on Early music. In addition she teaches children music technique and has translated musical works.

## Career

Constanze Backes was born in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. She began her music studies at the Folkwang-Hochschule in Essen. Later, she studied privately with Jessica Cash in London and Hea-Soon Park.
In 1993, performing with John Eliot Gardiner, Backes appeared as Barbarina in Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro at the Théâtre du Châtelet of Paris, at the Royal Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, and recorded it for Deutsche Grammophon Archiv. She recorded with Gardiner also for Deutsche Grammophon Valetto in Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea and Papagena in Mozart's Zauberflöte.
Backes won the 1996 Lady-Nixon-Förderpreis for young singers and joined the Monteverdi Choir. She sang at the 1998 Göttingen Handel Festival, performing vocal chamber music by Handel and Domenico Scarlatti accompanied by Jacob Heringman on vihuela, harpsichordist Ludger Rémy and cellist Katie Rietman, singing arias from Handel's Sosarme and Tamerlano.
Other opera productions have included Reinhard Keiser's The Temple of Janus in Berlin's Hebbel am Ufer, Johann Adolph Hasse's Larinda e Vanesio at the Margravial Opera House, and a production of Purcell's King Arthur for the Ruhrtriennale 2003. She performed Proserpina in Monteverdi's L'Orfeo in the Festspielhaus Baden-Baden and in 2004 sang madrigals by Carlo Gesualdo and Monteverdi with conductor Thomas Hengelbrock at the Schwetzingen Festival.
In 2006, Backes sang in the program "Wege zu Mozart" with the Marais Consort in several engagements throughout Germany. She recorded Samuel Scheidt: The Great Sacred Concertos in 2007 with conductor Roland Wilson, alongside Monika Mauch, Markus Brutscher, Werner Buchin, Wolf Matthias Friedrich, Wilfried Jochens and Harry van der Kamp. She sang madrigals by Monteverdi with Wilson in a series of performances throughout the 2008/09 season. Performing with Passion of Cuivres in 2009, Backes sang La Comedie et la Mort at the Uckermärkische Musikwochen in the Uckermark In 2012, Backes premiered Joseph Schuster's re-discovered opera Il Marito Indolente at the festival Regensburg Tage Alter Musik [de].
In 2014, in collaboration with Stefan Horz, Backes recorded The Biography of Love, a selection of love songs from six different centuries based on their long collaboration. She has sung with ensembles such as Deutsche Händelsolisten, Gabrieli Consort, Gesualdo Consort, Israel Camerata Orchestra, Musica Fiata and Ensemble Weser-Renaissance Bremen, throughout Europe, including venues in Amsterdam, Aranjuez, Lisbon, London, Paris, Parma, Rome, Santiago de Compostela and York.
Backes has translated several theatrical and literary works and has taught children's music. She has taught the Wuppertal Boys’ Choir, and works with the Düsseldorf "Singpause", which trains schoolchildren in music techniques.
# Mussallem

Mussallem is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* George Mussallem (1908–2007), Canadian car dealer and politician
* Helen Mussallem (1915–2012), Canadian nurse
# Grupo Toppaz

Grupo Toppaz are a Mexican Grupera band from Montemorelos, Nuevo León founded in 1987 by Reynaldo Flores Tamez. Their first musical hit was the song Celoso and their style became very popular in Mexico, Argentina, Paraguay, as well as in the United States.

## History

In 1987, Reynaldo Flores Tamez formed Grupo Toppaz after leaving Grupo Pegasso. Reynaldo played the keyboards and was the musical director of Grupo Toppaz until his death in 2019.
Flores Tamez founded the group with a romantic tropical style that was characterized by the electric keyboards, utilizing instruments from the genre rock, drums, electric guitar, electric bass, with a combination of instruments used in tropical music. Grupo Toppaz reached its peak with songs like “Celoso”, “Rosas Rojas” and “Muchacho Pobre”, among others, being a fundamental part of the grupero movemento that surged in 1980 in the northern part of Mexico.
Grupo Toppaz is one of the musical groups that are part of Cumbia pegassera movement. Although they have recorded new songs like "Rueda mi Mente" from Sasha Sokol, the group is conscious that their fans prefer the musical hits from the 80s and the 90s. Flores Tamez stated "I do not mind that our fans prefer our classic songs, since that means that our music is still alive, the fact that people still request songs like “Celoso” is a privilege for us".
# Nicolas Ambroise N'Diaye

Nicolas Ambroise N'diaye (-‡2002 to 2005), born in French West Africa, served as the Commissaire Général of Scoutisme d'Afrique Occidentale Française, as well as Commissaire Général of the Scouts et Guides du Sénégal and the President of the Confédération Sénégalaise du Scoutisme.
In 1998, he was awarded the 271st Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
# Eugene Raymond

Major General Eugene Cremonx Raymond SSA SM (born 17 May 1923, date of death unknown) was a South African military commander. A medical doctor, he joined the South African Army's medical corps in 1952, and was appointed Surgeon-General at Defence Headquarters in 1960. When the medical services were centralised in 1968 he became the chief of the new organisation. He retired from military service in 1969. Raymond is deceased.

## Awards and decorations

* Star of South Africa (1952) (SSA)
* Southern Cross Medal (1952) (SM)
# Tosca (1956 film)

Tosca is a 1956 Italian musical melodrama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Franca Duval, Afro Poli and Franco Corelli. It is based on the 1900 opera Tosca by Giacomo Puccini, which was adapted from the 1887 play by Victorien Sardou. It was made at Cinecittà in Rome.

## Cast

* Franca Duval as Floria Tosca
* Franco Corelli as Mario Cavaradossi
* Afro Poli as Baron Scarpia, chief of police
* Vito De Taranto [it] as The Sacristan
* Fernando Alfieri as Spoletta, police official
* Antonio Sacchetti as Cesare Angelotti
* Aldo Corelli as Sciarrone, a gendarme
* Dino Conti as The Jailkeeper
* Maria Caniglia as Tosca (singing voice)
* Giangiacomo Guelfi as Scarpia (singing voice)
# Trinidad and Tobago moist forests

The Trinidad and Tobago moist forests ecoregion (WWF ID: NT0171) covers most of Trinidad Island and Tobago Island near the coast of South America where the southeastern Caribbean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean. Small portions of the islands around river estuaries and coastal lowlands are mangroves or dry forests. Species diversity is very high, in particular for plants (over 2,500 species) and birds (over 400 species). Tobago, being much smaller, has fewer species.

## Location and description

Approximately 90% of the islands are in this ecoregion. There are a few scattered mangroves of the Trinidad mangroves ecoregion at the main river estuaries, a ring of dry forest of the Trinidad and Tobago dry forests ecoregion around the Caroni Swamp, just south of the capital city of Port of Spain, and a small section of dry forest at the northeast end of Tobago. The islands are affected by the South Equatorial Current from the southeast and the outflow from the Orinoco River to the south. Elevations in the islands are 841 metres (2,759 ft).

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification (Am)). This climate is characterized by relatively even temperatures throughout the year (all months being greater than 18 °C (64 °F) average temperature), and a pronounced dry season. The driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation, but more than (100-(average/25) mm. This climate is mid-way between a tropical rainforest and a tropical savannah. The drier months are in the winter.

## Flora and fauna

The island of Trinidad is only 20 km from the mainland of South America, and a land bridge existed as late as 1,500 years ago. So the flora and fauna are most similar to those of the continent. The island of Tobago is a further 40 km from the northern edge of Trinidad, and its land bridge disappeared 11,500 years ago, but its species mix is similar to the larger island. Over 60% of the island is still covered with closed broadleaf evergreen forest.
The islands have high species diversity, with over 2,500 species of plants identified, of which up to 110 are endemic to the island. Also reported 100 species of mammals (bats and rodents predominate), 400 of birds, 85 of reptiles, and 30 of amphibians. Characteristic tree species are andiroba (Carapa guianensis), andiroba (Ceiba pentandra), yellow mombin (Spondias mombin), Pentaclethra macroloba, and Brownea latifolia. A notable tree species in eastern Trinidad is the Mora tree.

## Protected areas

Officially protected areas in the ecoregion include:
* Main Ridge, Tobago
* Aripo Savannas
# David McKenzie (South Australian politician)

David McKenzie (4 July 1842 – 16 January 1919) was an Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly multi-member seat of Flinders from 1899 to 1905.
# Dereel, Victoria

Dereel is a town in the Western District of the Australian state of Victoria. At the 2016 census, Dereel and the surrounding area had a population of 533.
It is located on the Ballarat-Colac Road, 33 kilometres (21 mi) from Ballarat and 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Colac. There is no clearly defined town centre, though the Dereel Soldiers' Memorial Hall, located on Swamp Road, is commonly considered as the town centre.
Dereel Post Office opened on 1 November 1868 and closed in 1971.
Dereel includes a large wetlands area, referred to as the "Swamp" or "Lagoon". In recent years it is almost dry.
On 27 March 2013, a bushfire at Dereel destroyed 16 houses and 18 sheds. The fire covered 1,300 hectares (3,212 acres).
# Degg

Degg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jakki Degg (born 1978), British glamour model and actress
* Randy Degg (born 1984), American football player
* Roland Degg (1909–2001), British battalion commander during World War II
# Grosso v. Miramax Film Corp.

Grosso v. Miramax Film Corp., 383 F.3d 965 (9th Cir. 2004), was an entertainment law case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that a screenwriter's claim for breach of implied contract was not preempted by United States federal copyright law, because the screenwriter's claim alleged an extra element that transformed the action from one arising under the ambit of the federal copyright statute to one sounding in contract.

## Facts

Jeff Grosso, the author of a screenplay entitled "The Shell Game," claimed that Miramax stole the ideas and themes of his work when it made the movie "Rounders."

## Issue

Did the District Court properly dismiss Grosso's state law causes of action for breach of contract as preempted by the federal Copyright Act?

## Result

The Ninth Circuit found that the District Court erred in concluding that a screenwriter's claim for breach of implied contract was preempted by Federal Copyright Law. In so holding, the Court reasoned that Grosso's claim alleged an extra element that transformed the action from one arising under the ambit of the federal copyright statute to one sounding in contract. After remand to the California state courts, Grosso's implied contract claim was found to be without merit. Summary judgment was entered against Grosso. On appeal, the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, affirmed the summary judgment, and awarded the defendants their costs of suit.
# Crystal Casino

The Crystal Casino was the first permanent government-owned casino in the Western Hemisphere. It opened in 1990 on the seventh floor of Fort Garry Hotel in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and was run by the Manitoba Lottery Foundation. Two new gaming centers, the McPhillips Street Station and the Regent Station, were opened in 1993 to replace Crystal's bingo halls. It was closed on May 22, 1997, with the two other Winnipeg casinos absorbing its operations.
# Orvin (disambiguation)

Orvin may refer to:
Places:
* Orvin, municipality in the canton of Bern in Switzerland
* Orvin Mountains, major group of mountain ranges in Queen Maud Land
Surname:
Given name:
* Orvin B. Fjare (1918–2011), U.S. Representative from Montana
* Orvin Cabrera (1977–2010), Honduran footballer
Other:
# Trinidad and Tobago men's national volleyball team

The Trinidad and Tobago men's national volleyball team represents Trinidad and Tobago in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches.

## Results
### Pan-American Cup

* 2006 — 6th place
* 2007 — 6th place
* 2008 — 6th place
* 2012 — 8th place

### NORCECA Championship

* 1985 — 9th place
* 2007 — 8th place
* 2011 — 6th place

## Squad 2008

* Head Coach: Augusto Sabbatini
| # | Name |
| 1 | Jessel Davis |
| 2 | Kevin Nimrod |
| 4 | Nolan Tash |
| 6 | Vaughn Martin |
| 7 | Mark Daly (captain) |
| 8 | Saleem Ali |
| 9 | Christian Francois |
| 10 | Kevin Alleyne |
| 11 | Sean Morrison |
| 14 | Marc-Anthony Honoré |
| 16 | Russel Peña |
| 17 | Hollis Charles |
# David McDougal

David Stockton McDougal (September 27, 1809 – August 7, 1882) was an officer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War most noted for his leadership during a naval battle off of Japan.

## Biography

Born in Ohio, McDougal was appointed as a midshipman on April 1, 1828. During the next three decades, he served in the Mediterranean, West Indian, and Home Squadrons as well as on the Great Lakes in Michigan. While serving in the USS Mississippi from 1846 to 1848, during the Mexican–American War, McDougal participated in Commodore Matthew C. Perry's Mosquito Fleet Campaign and the blockade and siege of Veracruz. He later commanded the sloop-of-war USS Warren from 1854 to 1856, the steam tug USS John Hancock in 1856, and the screw sloop USS Wyoming from 1861 to 1864, in which he cruised in the Pacific protecting American merchant ships from pirates and Confederate raiders. The Wyoming first patrolled off Lower California, then headed south to operate in South American waters, before heading to the Far East.
Because of an earlier attack on the American merchant steamer Pembroke, Wyoming boldly entered the Straits of Shimonoseki, and on July 16, 1863, in the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits engaged shore batteries and three ships of Prince Mori, clan chieftain of the Chōshū. During an hour's brisk action, McDougal sank two ships and heavily damaged another, then pounded enemy shore guns.
After searching for Confederate raiders elsewhere in the Far East, Commander McDougal finally sailed Wyoming to an overdue overhaul in the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1864; having completed a circumnavigation of the globe. Despite needing extensive repairs McDougall and Wyoming were ordered back to sea to search for the CSS Florida before being forced to return for repairs. On December 23, 1869, McDougal assumed command of the South Pacific Squadron.
Commander McDougal was promoted to captain, on the active list, on March 2, 1864. He was placed on the retired list on September 27, 1871, and appointed rear admiral on August 24, 1873. He died at San Francisco, California, and is buried at Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, California.

## Namesakes

Two ships have been named USS McDougal for him.
* Biography portal
* American Civil War portal
# Descent into Chaos

Descent into Chaos may refer to:
* Descent into Chaos (Nightrage album), 2005
* Descent into Chaos (Legion of the Damned album), 2011
* Descent into Chaos: The United States and the Failure of Nation Building... Book by Ahmed Rashid 2008, ISBN 978-0-670-01970-0
* Descent into Chaos: The doomed expedition to Low's Gully... book by Richard Connaughton 1996, ISBN 1-85753-147-7
# Edward Tyrrell

Edward Tyrrell may refer to:
* Sir Edward Tyrrell (MP for Buckingham) (1551–1606), member of the Parliament of England for Buckingham
* Edward Tyrrell (priest hunter) (died 1713), priest-hunter based in Ireland.
* Sir Edward Tyrrell, 1st Baronet, of Lynn (died 1691), Anglo-Irish landowner, Jacobite and member of the Parliament of Ireland for Belturbet