OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Flight Laboratory, IIT Kanpur

Flight Laboratory, IIT Kanpur is an airstrip/aerodrome located inside IIT Kanpur's campus at Kalyanpur 18 kilometres west of city of Kanpur, India. It is used by the Aerospace Engineering department of IIT Kanpur. Pawan Hans began a helicopter ferry service to Lucknow from June 2013, which later shut down silently.

## History

IIT Kanpur received collaborative technical assistance from a consortium of nine leading US universities when it was being set up. Considering the intense research potentials and rapid growth in the field of aviation at that time, it was decided to establish the faculty of Aeronautical Engineering at IIT Kanpur. Under the USAID educational assistance project, an all-weather 884x61 m small airstrip was set up with a Flight Laboratory. The Lab was equipped with Piper PA-18 and Cessna 182 powered aircraft and Schweizer 2-22 and Schweizer 1-26 gliders. A Rohini glider, designed and developed at Technical Center of Civil Aviation Department and manufactured at HAL, was the jewel in the crown of the Flight Lab. The open cockpit, side-by-side seating, fabric covered wooden structure glider became very popular among students and used extensively for research work. Soon the Flight Lab. swung into action and the gliders were aero-towed to desired heights with students on board for the complex studies of aerodynamics and flight mechanics.
The glider flying programme was an instant hit with the students of IIT Kanpur. Due to the massive response, membership was restricted to a number of selected students. You could see them beeline for the Center immediately after their classes. The intense heat of summer or the extreme cold of winter could not deter them from that one more flight. The excitement of positive- and negative- 'G's, long soaring flights or a first solo provided a special thrill and were keenly awaited. Soaring flights of over five hours and altitudes over 10,000 feet became common events. Many students who were unable to become members became frequent visitors for joyrides. The campus residents were not to be left far behind, and visited the centre with family and friends to lose the feel of being earth-bound.
# Eranga

Eranga is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Eranga Rathnayake (born 1992), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Achira Eranga (born 1987), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Amila Eranga (born 1986), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Romesh Eranga (born 1985), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Shaminda Eranga (born 1986), Sri Lankan cricketer
* Tharindu Eranga, Sri Lankan footballer
* Ujitha Eranga, Sri Lankan cricketer
# OPS-4 (Almaz program)

OPS-4 is an unflown Soviet space station, expected to be a fourth in the secret Almaz military program. It was initially planned for launch in late 1977, but delays in readiness of the TKS spacecraft caused this date to be shifted. By December 1978 cosmonauts were training for OPS-4 with an estimated launch date of December 1980, but the Almaz program was formally cancelled in February 1979.

## Spacecraft

OPS-4 underwent several technical and design changes. The aft docking port was designed to receive heavier TKS spacecraft, compared to a lighter Soyuz-enabled docking port in the three previous stations.
It was to be the first station launched with a three panel Mech-A Synthetic Aperture Radar and a crewed reusable Return Vehicle VA. The VA was replaced by a second docking port, due to delays in preparing a crew-rated TKS; the front section was refitted with a Soyuz-enabled docking port to receive crewed craft. It would have also carried a radar antennae for weather research. Planned sensors for enemy satellites and ballistic missiles were ultimately flown aboard Salyut 7.
OPS-4 was to carry an advanced Shchit-2 space-to-space cannon. It was reported to be a two projectile system armed with unguided missiles.
# Partial cleavage stimulation factor domain

The partial cleavage stimulation factor domain, or partial CstF domain, is a protein domain that occurs in proteins from apicomplexan parasites.
Currently (as of 2012), little is known about the function of this domain. However, it is homologous to the amino-terminal part of the cleavage stimulation factor, which is thought to be involved with mRNA maturation in mammals. Proteins with this domain have been detected in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum nucleus.
# Walter of Gloucester

Walter of Gloucester (also Walter FitzRoger or Walter de Pitres) (d. c. 1129) was an early Anglo-Norman official of the King of England during the early years of the Norman conquest of the South Welsh Marches. He was a sheriff of Gloucester and also a Constable under Henry I.

## Life

Walter of Gloucester was the son of Roger de Pitres, and his wife, Adeliza, and was the earliest to use the style "of Gloucester" in his family. A landholder himself at the time of Domesday, by 1095 Walter had control of the bulk of the estates formerly held by Roger his father and Durand of Gloucester his uncle. In addition Walter acquired other estates by royal grants. These estates were principally in four shires, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire and Wiltshire.
He was hereditary Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1097 and 1105-6. Sometimes called Constable of England he may only have been constable of Gloucester Castle He is recorded as a constable of the royal household of Henry I from 1114 on. Walter erected or had a part in the erection of the castles of Bristol and Rochester as well as the Tower of London. Walter donated Westwood to Gloucester Abbey for the soul of his brother Herbert and confirmed a grant of Colne by his father Roger. He endowed the canons of Llanthony Priory in Wales with lands from his lordship of Beryntone and retired to the abbey in his old age where he died a monk and was buried in the chapter house, about 1129.

## Family

He was married to Bertha. They were the parents of:
* Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford
* Matilda, who married Richard Fitz Pons
# Deopalpus

Deopalpus is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Deopalpus albimaculus (Wiedemann, 1830)
* Deopalpus aldrichi (Townsend, 1931)
* Deopalpus australis (Townsend, 1928)
* Deopalpus beameri (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus buccatus (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus conformis (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus conspiciendum (Cortés, 1976)
* Deopalpus decoratus (Rondani, 1851)
* Deopalpus flavicornis (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus fucatus (Wulp, 1892)
* Deopalpus geminatus (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus hiemalis (Cortés, 1983)
* Deopalpus hirsutus Townsend, 1908
* Deopalpus miscelli (Coquillett, 1897)
* Deopalpus ochricornis (Bigot, 1888)
* Deopalpus parksi (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus pictipennis (Townsend, 1934)
* Deopalpus picturatus (González, 1992)
* Deopalpus pretiosus (Curran, 1934)
* Deopalpus pruinosus (Rondani, 1863)
* Deopalpus pulchriceps (Aldrich, 1934)
* Deopalpus ratzeburgi (Jaennicke, 1867)
* Deopalpus reinhardi Guimarães, 1963
* Deopalpus rubidus (González, 1992)
* Deopalpus scutellaris (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus torosus (Reinhard, 1934)
* Deopalpus trinitatis Thompson, 1963
# Ericameria lignumviridis

Ericameria lignumviridis, common name Greenwood's goldenbush or heath-goldenrod, is a plant species endemic to Sevier County, Utah. It grows in riparian areas alongside Urtica dioica, Salix laevigata and other riverbank plants.
Ericameria lignumviridis is a shrub up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, with branching stems. Leaves are oblanceolate, up to 30 mm (1.2 inches) long. Flower heads are arranged in cymous fashion. Ray flowers and disc flowers are both yellow.
# Flight MH370: The Mystery

Flight MH370: The Mystery is a 2014 book by the American-born-British author Nigel Cawthorne concerning the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.

## Synopsis

The book is critical of official accounts of the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, noting 'In a world where we can be tracked by our mobile phones, CCTV and spy cameras, things do not just disappear. Especially not a big thing like a jumbo jet'. The book questions alleged failure by governments and organisations to share information concerning Flight MH370. The author suggests a cover up has occurred because the United States Military shot down the plane during military exercises in the region.

## Reception

The book was fiercely criticised in The Australian by David Free, who described it as an 'information gumbo' that 'reproduces the slapdash atmosphere of the worst kind of 24-hour news show' and advised readers 'Next time you're in one (a shop), buy any book other than this. I guarantee it won't be worse' while The Daily Telegraph reported some relatives of the victims were angered by the book
In a May 2014 segment of the Australian television program Today, co-host Karl Stefanovic also took issue with guest Cawthorne.“You write in the book: ‘They’ll never be sure, the families, what happened to their loved ones. Did they die painlessly unaware of their fate or did they die in terror in a flaming wreck crashing from the sky at the hands of a madman?’ Stefanovic characterized the book as "disgusting" and insensitive to the families. When asked "why would you write the book?", the author replied, “I’m afraid it’s what I do for a living."
# Onorio Razzolini

Onorio Razzolini (1699-1769) was an Italian immigrant to colonial Maryland. He is thought to be the first immigrant of Italian descent to hold public office in the North American colonies. He enjoyed the patronage of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, proprietary governor of the Province of Maryland, serving as tutor to his illegitimate son, Benedict Swingate Calvert. After enjoying a successful career in Maryland, including serving as Armourer and Keeper of the Stores of Maryland, Razzolini returned to his native town of Asolo, where he married and had three daughters.

## Biography

Razzolini was born in Asolo, a town located north of Venice, in around 1689.
Razzolini came from Italy shortly before 1732, as tutor to Benedict Swingate Calvert, the illegitimate son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, proprietary governor of the Province of Maryland. The young Benedict Calvert lived at the Annapolis home of Maryland politician and planter Dr George Steuart, an Edinburgh-trained physician who was a political ally of the ruling Calvert family.

### Public Office

From around 1732-1747 Razzolini was appointed Armourer and Keeper of the Stores of Maryland. This was an important position, which gave Razzolini some considerable responsibility for the defense of the Colony. Razzolini appears also to have been also a member of the Council and Keeper of the Council Chamber. Razzolini is thought to be the first immigrant of Italian descent to hold public office in the North American colonies.
In 1649 the Maryland Assembly had passed a law permitting French, Dutch and Italian immigrants to own land and enjoy the same rights as English settlers in the Province.

### Return to Italy

Razzolini married Elizabeth Fleury, a Roman Catholic and the only daughter of a French officer who was President of the Parliament of Rouen. Razzolini returned with his bride to Asolo in 1747; her inheritance allowed them to build a fine villa which still stands today. In 1761, after the death of his first wife, he married again and had three daughters.

### Death and legacy

Onorio Razzolini died in Asolo in 1769 at the age of 70. The Villa Razzolini has since 1998 has been open to the public as a restaurant.
# Obscenity (band)

Obscenity is a German death metal band from Oldenburg that formed in 1989. The band has released ten studio albums, their most recent being Summoning the Circle, which was released in 2018.

## Members
### Current members

* Sascha Knust- drums (1989–2000, 2011–present)
* Hendrick Bruns- guitar (1989–present)
* Christoph Weerts- guitar (2011–present)
* David Speckmann- bass (2016–present)
* Manuel Siewert- vocals (2016–present)

### Past members

* Dirk Vogt- guitar (1989–1993)
* Oliver Jauch- vocals (1989–2009)
* Thimo Gerhardt- bass (1993–1997)
* Jens Finger- guitar (1994–2010)
* Jens Claussen- bass (1997–1998)
* Alexander Pahl- bass (1999–2006)
* Marc-Andree Dieken- drums (2000–2009)
* Gregor Frischko- bass (2007–2011)
* Jeff Rudes- vocals (2010–2013)
* Jorg Pirch- bass (2011–?)
* Tobias Mueller- vocals (2013–?)

## Discography

* Suffocated Truth (1992, West Virginia)
* Perversion Mankind (1994, D&S)
* The 3rd Chapter (1996, Morbid)
* Human Barbecue (1998, Morbid)
* Intense (2000, Morbid)
* Cold Blooded Murder (2002, Morbid)
* Where Sinners Bleed (2006, Armageddon)
* Atrophied in Anguish (2012, Apostasy)
* Retaliation (2016, Kolony)
* Summoning the Circle (2018, Apostasy)
# Partial cyclic order

In mathematics, a partial cyclic order is a ternary relation that generalizes a cyclic order in the same way that a partial order generalizes a linear order.

## Definition

Over a given set, a partial cyclic order is a ternary relation $R$ that is:
* cyclic, i.e. it is invariant under a cyclic permutation: $R(x,y,z)\Rightarrow R(y,z,x)$
* asymmetric: $R(x,y,z)\Rightarrow \not R(z,y,x)$
* transitive: $R(x,y,z)$ and $R(x,z,u)\Rightarrow R(x,y,u)$

## Constructions

Direct sum
Direct product
Power
Dedekind–MacNeille completion

## Extensions

linear extension, Szpilrajn extension theorem
standard example
The relationship between partial and total cyclic orders is more complex than the relationship between partial and total linear orders. To begin with, not every partial cyclic order can be extended to a total cyclic order. An example is the following relation on the first thirteen letters of the alphabet: {acd, bde, cef, dfg, egh, fha, gac, hcb} ∪ {abi, cij, bjk, ikl, jlm, kma, lab, mbc}. This relation is a partial cyclic order, but it cannot be extended with either abc or cba; either attempt would result in a contradiction.
The above was a relatively mild example. One can also construct partial cyclic orders with higher-order obstructions such that, for example, any 15 triples can be added but the 16th cannot. In fact, cyclic ordering is NP-complete, since it solves 3SAT. This is in stark contrast with the recognition problem for linear orders, which can be solved in linear time.
# The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (novel)

The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle is a novel by Michael Moorcock published in 1980.

## Plot summary

The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle is a novel in which Jerry Cornelius and the Sex Pistols cause anarchy in the U.K.

## Reception

Greg Costikyan reviewed The Great Rock n Roll Swindle in Ares Magazine #12 and commented that "There are some amusing moments in Swindle [...] especially when Bakunin and the Ukrainian anarchist Makhno criticize the hedonistic decadence of what punkers claim is 'anarchy.'"

## Reviews

* Review by Richard E. Geis (1980) in Science Fiction Review, August 1980
* Review by Joseph Nicholas (1981) in Paperback Inferno, Volume 4, Number 5
# Communication art

Communication art or Communication arts can refer to:
* Advertising and Public relations – the use of marketing communications, channels, and tools to convey a message to a market
* Communication design – a broad scoped mixed discipline approach to design and information-development concerned with how media and presentations communicate with people. This may include audio with or without visual art
** Visual communication – communication through visual aid and the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon
** Visual arts – art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature
** Sound design – the process of specifying, acquiring, manipulating or generating audio elements.
* Communication Arts (magazine) – the largest international trade journal of visual communications
# Edward Fitzgerald (insurgent)

Edward Fitzgerald (1770?-1807) was an Irish insurgent leader in the United Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Fitzgerald, born at Newpark, County Wexford, about 1770, was a country gentleman of considerable means. When the Irish Rebellion of 1798 broke out he was confined in Wexford gaol on suspicion. On being released by the people, he commanded in some of the engagements that took place in different parts of the county during the occupation of the town, exhibiting, it is said, far better generalship than the commander-in-chief, Bagenal Beauchamp Harvey. The 19th-century historian Richard Robert Madden commended his humanity to the prisoners that fell into his hands at Gorey. At the Battle of Arklow he commanded the Shelmalier gunsmen. He afterwards joined in the expedition against Hacketstown, and surrendered upon terms to General Wilford in the middle of July. With Garrett Byrne and others he was detained in custody in Dublin until the following year, when he was allowed to live in England. He was, however, re-arrested on 25 March 1800, imprisoned for a while, and then allowed to retire to Hamburg, where he died in 1807. In person Fitzgerald was described as a "handsome, finely formed man"; he was also a speaker of great eloquence.
# Gastromancy

Gastromancy comes from the Ancient Greek words γαστήρ (gastḗr, "stomach") and μαντεία (manteíā, "divination"). It may refer to:
* Gastromancy, divination by interpreting stomach sounds, an origin of ventriloquism
* Crystal gazing, divination by gazing at a crystal
# Ericameria greenei

Ericameria greenei is a species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Greene's goldenbush. It is native to the mountains of the western United States in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and the northern California as far south as Lake and Tuolumne Counties.
Ericameria greenei grows in rocky and open wooded habitat. It is a small shrub growing up to about 25 centimeters (10 inches) tall with branches lined with short, narrow, hairless to glandular, woolly leaves. The inflorescence is a cluster of flower heads at the tips of stem branches. Each head is lined with sticky, glandular phyllaries and contains as many as 20 yellowish disc florets and sometimes a few yellow ray florets but sometimes none. The fruit is an achene topped with a brownish pappus.
# Dalbergia funera

Dalbergia funera (the ebano or funera) is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is found in El Salvador and Guatemala. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Sources

* World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Dalbergia funera". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998. IUCN: e.T30743A9575727. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T30743A9575727.en. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
* This Dalbergia-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Onorato Nicoletti

Onorato Nicoletti (21 June 1872 – 31 December 1929) was an Italian mathematician.

## Biography

Nicoletti received his laurea in 1894 from the Scuola Normale di Pisa. In 1898, he became a professor of infinitesimal calculus at the University of Modena. After two years, he returned to Pisa, where he was a teacher of algebra, and then, after the death of Ulisse Dini, of infinitesimal calculus.
He published works in various fields of mathematics, including numerical analysis, infinitesimal analysis, the equations related to hermitian matrices, and differential equations. He made original contributions to Max Dehn's theory of the equivalence of polyhedra under polyhedral dissection and reassembly (scissors-congruence), extending and generalizing the theory with an entire class of new relations.
Nicoletti collaborated in the writing of Enciclopedia Hoepli delle Matematiche elementari e complementi (published from 1930 to 1951) with the contribution of two monographic articles: Forme razionali di una o più variabili (Rational forms of one or more variables) and Proprietà generali delle funzioni algebriche (General properties of algebraic functions).
A leading expert in mathematics education, he edited with Roberto Marcolongo a series of successful editions for secondary schools.
Nicoletti was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Rome.

## Selected publications

* "Su un sistema di equazioni a derivate parziali del secondo ordine." Rendic. Acc. Lincei,(5) 4 (1895): 197–202.
* "Sulle condizioni iniziali che determiniano gli integrali della differenziali ordinazie Atti della R. Acc. Sc. Torino. 1898 (1897): 746–759.
* "Sulla teoria della convergenza degli algoritmi di iterazione." Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata (1898–1922) 14, no. 1 (1908): 1–32.
* "Sulla caratteristica delle matrici di Sylvester e di Bezout." Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo (1884–1940) 28, no. 1 (1909): 29–32. doi:10.1007/BF03018209
* "Sulla equivalenza dei poliedri." Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo (1884–1940) 37, no. 1 (1914): 47–75.
* with Eugenio Bertini and Luigi Bianchi: "Relazione sulla memoria di Albanese «Intorno ad alcuni concetti e teoremi fondamentali sui sistemi di curve d'una superficie algebrica»." Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa-Classe di Scienze 14 (1922): XI–XV.
* "Un teorema di limite." Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 1, no. 1 (1924): 91–104. doi:10.1007/BF02409915
# Lolliguncula argus

Lolliguncula argus, commonly known as the Argus brief squid or the Argus thumbstall squid, is a species of squid in the family Loliginidae. It is a coastal species, found in the eastern Pacific, near Ecuador and Costa Rica.

## Description

Due to its morphological characteristics, L. argus could easily be confused with other species of its genus.It is found on soft bottoms and within the water column, and the depths that it inhabits are usually between 0 and 70m from the surface. L. Argus has a maximum mantle sizes are 30mm for males and 39mm for females. It is the only known myopsid to have its primary hectocotylization on the right ventral arm instead of the left.

## Anatomy

L. Argus is mainly characterized by their short, blunt mantle. The mantle has small fins, which are elliptical and take up about 25% of the total mantle length. Its tentacles are short and compact, without buccal suckers.

### Mating & Habits

The ovulation pattern in L. argus is asynchronous, with multiple-batch spawning in a relatively short period of time. It breeds in the coastal waters off Puerto Ángel and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. From some squid samples, three squid were discovered to have sardines in their stomachs.
# Parisian Atticism

In the history of art, Parisian Atticism is a movement in French painting from 1640 to 1660, when painters working in Paris elaborated a rigorous neo-classical style, seeking sobriety, luminosity and harmony, and referring to the Greco-Roman world. Leading exponents of the style were Eustache Le Sueur, Laurent de La Hyre, and Jacques Stella; other practitioners include Sébastien Bourdon.
# Diario: Rebirth Moon Legend

Diario: Rebirth Moon Legend is an enhanced port of Idea Factory's tactical RPG Rebirth Moon, which appeared originally on the PS2.
GameSpot gave it a 7.3/10.
# Edward Detkens

Edward Detkens (1885–1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest. He was imprisoned in the Nazi Sachsenhausen concentration camp and died at Dachau. He is one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II. He is buried at Powązki Cemetery.

## Biography

He was born the son of Jozefa and Aleksandra Detkens. He became a pharmacist apprentice before joining the Major Metropolitan Theology Seminary of St John the Baptist in Warsaw; he was ordained as a priest in November 1908.

## Career

After his work at the College of Vicars, he became vicar of Warsaw Cathedral; as well as his duties as a priest, he became prefect of several schools in Warsaw and worked with the Academy of Fine Arts, organising the annual oath-taking ceremony for young people.
He was also rector of St Anna’s Church in Warsaw.

## World War II

He was arrested on October 4, 1939 and taken to Pawiak, where he worked in the prison hospital; he was released after 4 months, but was re-arrested a month later and taken to Sachsenhausen.
He died in Dachau on October 10, 1942.

## Legacy

He was beatified on June 13, 1999 by Pope John Paul II.
# Ophiodermella akkeshiensis

Ophiodermella akkeshiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Japan.