OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)

Johannes de Garlandia (Johannes Gallicus) (fl.Tooltip floruit c. 1270 – 1320) was a French music theorist of the late ars antiqua period of medieval music. He is known for his work on the first treatise to explore the practice of musical notation of rhythm, De Mensurabili Musica.

## Life and problems of identification

Until the mid-1980s it was believed that Johannes de Garlandia lived in the first half of the 13th century and wrote two treatises, De Mensurabili Musica and De plana musica, and thus was intimately connected with the composers of the Notre-Dame school, at least one of whom – Pérotin – may still have been alive in the earlier part of his career. Unfortunately the linking of his name with those two works only began after 1270, and it now seems likely that Garlandia was one Jehan de Garlandia, a keeper of a bookshop in Paris, records of whom appear on various official Parisian documents between 1296 and 1319. Most likely he was an editor of the two previous anonymous treatises, and while he did much to clarify them and transmit them to posterity, he did not write them.
Sources writing about Garlandia in the late 13th and early 14th century also call him a magister, indicating he probably had a role as a teacher at the University of Paris.

## Works

De mensurabili musica, most likely written around 1240, is the single most important treatise in the early history of rhythmic notation, for it is the first to propose notation of rhythm. Specifically, it describes a practice already in use, known as modal rhythm, which used the rhythmic modes. In this system, notes on the page are assigned to groups of long and short values based on their context. De mensurabili musica describes six rhythmic modes, corresponding to poetic feet: long–short (trochee), short–long (iamb), long–short–short (dactyl), short–short–long (anapest), long–long (spondee), and short–short (pyrrhic). Notation had not yet evolved to the point where the appearance of each note gave its duration; that had still to be understood from the position of a note in a phrase, which of the six rhythmic modes was being employed, and a number of other factors.
Modal rhythm is the defining rhythmic characteristic of the music of the Notre Dame school, giving it an utterly distinct sound, one which was to prevail throughout the 13th century. Usually one mode prevailed through a phrase, changing to a different mode only after a cadence. Only with the development of the music of the ars nova in the early 14th century was the regular modal rhythm to break down and be supplanted by freer rhythms, as made possible by the development of precise notation.
It is not certain how much of the treatise was written anonymously, and how much Garlandia edited it, except that Garlandia probably wrote some of the later chapters in their entirety. Franco of Cologne, writing around 1280, clearly borrowed portions of the unedited version. Garlandia's achievement was to refine and disseminate it; his position as a bookseller may have something to do with its wide distribution and influence.
# Life of Gabriel of Qartmin

Life of Gabriel of Qartmin is a Syriac 8th-century biography of Gabriel of Beth Qustan, Bishop of Tur Abdin, which provides a glimpse into the Middle East of the 7th century.
The quote below provides an example of the Dhimmi agreements of Christians during the Arab conquests.
    This lord Gabriel went to the ruler (ahid shultana) of the sons of Hagar, who was Umar bar Khattab, in the city of Gezirta. He (Umar) received him with great joy, and after a few days the blessed man petitioned this ruler and received his signature to the statutes and laws, orders and prohibitions, judgements and precepts pertaining to the Christians, to churches and monasteries, and to priests and deacons that they do not give the poll tax, and to monks that they be freed from any tax (madatta). Also that the wooden gong should not be banned and that they might chant hymns before the bier when it comes out from the house to be buried, together with many [other] customs. This governor (shallita) was pleased at the coming to him of the blessed man and this holy one returned to the monastery with great joy. (Gabriel of Qartmin, Life XII, 72 [p. 123])
Robert Hoyland argues that, as the use of the wooden gong and chanting before a bier did not become common place until the eighth century, this account must be of a later composition, and belongs to that genre of documents, which sought to defend Christian communities against their Muslim overlords by fabricating authoritative Muslim-Christian treaties and attributing them to famous Muslim figures.
# Commercial Historic District

Commercial Historic District or Commercial District may refer to:
* Commercial Historic District (Potlatch, Idaho), listed on the NRHP in Idaho
* Commercial Historic District (Pikeville, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Kentucky
* Commercial Community Historic District, Lexington, Missouri, listed on the NRHP in Missouri
* Commercial District (Hardin, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Montana
* Commercial District (Livingston, Montana), listed on the NRHP in Montana
Note there are numerous NRHP-listed historic districts of name format "TOWN-OR-CITY Commercial Historic District".
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre breaststroke SB9

The women's 100m breaststroke SB9 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 10 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 09:07.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Kate Grey | Great Britain | 1:25.83 | Q |
| 2 | Sarai Gascón Moreno | Spain | 1:26.49 | Q |
| 3 | Qian Huiyu | China | 1:26.62 | Q |
| 4 | Louise Watkin | Great Britain | 1:27.79 | Q |
| 5 | Ana Rubio Zavala | Spain | 1:29.40 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | Sophie Pascoe | New Zealand | 1:24.54 | Q |
| 2 | Maud Didier | France | 1:26.17 | Q |
| 3 | Daniela Gimenez | Argentina | 1:27.04 | Q |
| 4 | Yulia Nikitina | Russia | 1:27.86 | Q |
| 5 | Viera Mikulasikova | Slovakia | 1:29.57 | |

### Final

Competed at 17:05.
| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Sophie Pascoe | New Zealand | 1:22.58 |
| | Sarai Gascón | Spain | 1:24.51 |
| | Louise Watkin | Great Britain | 1:26.10 |
| 4 | Qian Huiyu | China | 1:26.33 |
| 5 | Kate Grey | Great Britain | 1:26.35 |
| 6 | Maud Didier | France | 1:26.56 |
| 7 | Daniela Gimenez | Argentina | 1:26.81 |
| 8 | Yulia Nikitina | Russia | 1:27.28 |
Q = qualified for final.
# West Australian Rowing Club

The West Australian Rowing Club is a rowing club based in Perth, Western Australia. The club has operated out of a boatshed next to Barrack Square since 1906.

## History

While the current club was incorporated in 1894, the club believes it has roots dating back to 1868. It was the first rowing club in Western Australia and is the last one remaining on the Perth city foreshore.
The club opened a boatshed next to Barrack Square in March 1906. The boatshed received a permanent listing on the Western Australian Register of Heritage Places in 2001.
# Metasphenisca tetrachaeta

Metasphenisca tetrachaeta is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Metasphenisca of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Zambia, Zimbabwe, Congo, South Africa.
# Dorset (CDP), Vermont

Dorset is the primary settlement and a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Dorset, Bennington County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a population of 360, out of 2,133 in the entire town.
It is in northern Bennington County, in the western part of the town of Dorset, in a valley between Spruce Peak to the west, Mount Aeolus to the southeast, and Dorset Mountain to the northeast. Vermont Route 30 passes through the center of the village, leading southeast 6 miles (10 km) to Manchester Center and northwest 8 miles (13 km) to Pawlet. The Mettawee River runs through the northern part of the CDP, flowing northwest to the southern end of Lake Champlain at Whitehall, New York.
# Cortez (film)

Cortez is a 2017 American romantic drama film directed by Cheryl Nichols, starring Aaron Shiver, Nichols, Drago Sumonja, Jackson Shiver and Judith Ivey. The film was Nichol's debut feature.

## Cast

* Aaron Shiver as Jesse
* Cheryl Nichols as Anne
* Drago Sumonja as Eric
* Jackson Shiver as Ben
* Judith Ivey as Sandy
* Cassidy Freeman as Rosie
* Dylan Kenin as Raphael
* Jon Kristian Moore as Tim
* John Bishop as Chet
* Rick Dacey as Nick
* Clark Freeman as Roadie Dan
* Jerry Gardner as Charles
* Johnny Long as Dirty Dave
* Jake Waid as Lou

## Release

The film premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival on 20 January 2017.

## Reception

Ali Shimkus of SLUG Magazine wrote, "Cinematically, Cortez is a beautiful film and focuses on the wild, unpredictable nature of the Southwest, juxtaposed against Jesse’s similarly uncontrollable personality."
Teresa Nieman of ScreenAnarchy wrote that Nichols "has an excellent sense of when to let the camera drift or dance, and when to minimize its presence.".
Michael Abatemarco of The Santa Fe New Mexican wrote that the film "feels honest in its depiction of this soured relationship", and called the performances "authentic".
# International cricket in 1942

The 1942 International cricket season was from April 1942 to August 1942. There were no any major cricket played during this season due to prevailing Second World War.
# Stonestreet

Stonestreet may refer to:

## People

* Charles H. Stonestreet (1813–1885), American Roman Catholic priest
* Eric Stonestreet (born 1971), American actor
* George Stonestreet (1915–1993), Australian rugby league footballer
* Jess Stonestreet Jackson, Jr. (1930–2011), American wine entrepreneur and horsebreeder
* Lisa Gluskin Stonestreet (born 1968), American poet
* Ken Stonestreet (1942–2015), Australian rugby league footballer
* Skyler Stonestreet, American musician and singer-songwriter

## Other

* Stonestreet One, American software company
* Stonestreet: Who Killed the Centerfold Model?, American television movie
* Stonestreets Coaches, Australian bus company
# Costa Esmeralda Airport

Emerald Coast Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Costa Esmeralda) (IATA: ECI, ICAO: MNCE) is an international airport 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Tola, a town in the Rivas Department of Nicaragua. The airport was opened on November 15, 2015, at a cost of almost US$13 million.
The airport is in the countryside 3 kilometres (2 mi) inland from the Pacific coast. There are large hills just north and east of the airport. The runway is aligned with the valley between them. Now the airport operates commercial flights from Costa Rica and Managua but they also get an important number of charters and private flights from all around the world. It is the second busiest airport in Nicaragua
This airport has a Control Tower, Rescue Services, Customs, Shops, Rental Cars, etc. The airport is covered by the Managua VOR-DME (Ident: MGA) and (non-directional beacon) (Ident: YNP) both are located 43.2 nautical miles (80 km) north of the airport.

## Gallery

* Costa Esmeralda International Airport's ramp, with some private airplanes on it
* Costa Esmeralda Airport's terminal, with a few private aircraft in view
* Another view of the terminal
# Costa Fascinosa

Costa Fascinosa is a Concordia-class cruise ship that was ordered in October 2007 for Costa Crociere. Based on the Concordia-class design, Costa Fascinosa was constructed by Fincantieri's Marghera shipyard in Venice. Part of a five-ship expansion of the Costa Crociere fleet, the vessel entered service on 6 May 2012. She was Costa Crociere's flagship until Costa Diadema entered service.

## Design and construction

Costa Fascinosa and sister ship Costa Favolosa were ordered in October 2007 as part of a 2.4 billion euro expansion of the Costa Crociere fleet, with five ships entering service between 2009 and 2012 to increase the company's passenger capacity by 50%. Costa Fascinosa cost 510 million euro to build.
The names of the two ships were selected via competition. The first phase saw 16,000 pairs of names submitted by travel agents and their customers from around the world, after being asked to suggest names as part of the send us a sea of names project. These names were to evoke the idea that the ships were "magical" and "glamorous" places. 25 name pairs were shortlisted and placed on the company's website, where over 42,000 visitors voted on their favourite. Favolosa (Italian for "fabulous") and Fascinosa ("fascinating" or "glamorous") were selected as the winning name pair.
The vessel is based on the Concordia-class design already in service with Costa Crociere. Upon completion, the vessel measured 114,500 gross tons. She carries up to 3,780 passengers in 1,506 cabins; six more than previous Concordia-class ships.
Costa Fascinosa is the sixteenth ship in service with Costa Crociere. She was laid down on 3 September 2010 and was delivered to Costa Cruises on 5 May 2012.

## Operational history

Costa Fascinosa entered service on 6 May 2012, sailing on a preview cruise before entering regular service on 11 May, cruising to the eastern Mediterranean. She was transferred to South America in November 2012, before returning to the eastern Mediterranean for the summer 2013 season.

### Bardo National Museum attack

On 18 March 2015, Costa Fascinosa was in port along with MSC Splendida in Tunis when gunmen opened fire on tourists at the Bardo National Museum, including several on a tour bus from Costa Fascinosa. Five passengers from the ship were killed, eight passengers were injured.

### 2020 COVID-19 pandemic

On 11 April 2020, after the disembarkation of the ship, 19 crew members tested positive of COVID-19. On 16 April, the head doctor of the cruise ship died, and as of 21 April, a crew member also died in Brazil hospital.
# Cotoneaster cochleatus

Cotoneaster cochleatus, the Yunnan cotoneaster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to rocky slopes in Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan in China, and it has been introduced to the United Kingdom, Belgium and New York State. Its specific epithet cochleatus refers to its twisting stem.
A drought-tolerant creeping shrub reaching 1 ft (0.3 m) tall but spreading to 6 ft (2 m), and hardy in USDA zones 5 through 7, it is considered a valuable landscaping plant by the Missouri Botanical Garden. The Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International lists it in its Invasive Species Compendium. With its small glossy leaves, tiny rose-like flowers, showy red fruit, and low growth habit, it has found use in bonsai.
# Cotoneaster ambiguus

Cotoneaster ambiguus, the dubious cotoneaster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to central China and Inner Mongolia, and introduced to Belgium and Norway. A shrub of dense forests, it is morphologically intermediate between Cotoneaster moupinensis and C. acutifolius. It is occasionally available from commercial suppliers.
# Ceri Warnock

Ceri Warnock is a British-born New Zealand environmental lawyer and professor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Otago.

## Academic career

Warnock has an LLB from Cardiff University and an LLM from the University of Auckland. She graduated from the University of Oxford with a DPhil.
Before moving to New Zealand, Warnock practiced as a barrister in England and Wales.
Warnock moved to the University of Otago as a lecturer in 2006 and was appointed associate professor, effective 1 February 2016. She was promoted to full professor with effect from 1 February 2019.
Warnock was awarded the 2013 international Research Fellowship by the New Zealand Law Foundation.

## Selected works

* Warnock, Ceri; Suszko, Abby (2013), Resource management, LexisNexis NZ, ISBN 978-1-927149-78-2
* Warnock, Ceri; Baker-Galloway, Maree (2015), Focus on resource management law, LexisNexis NZ Ltd, ISBN 978-1-927248-74-4
* Warnock, Ceri (2020), Environmental courts and tribunals : powers, integrity, and the search for legitimacy, Hart Publishing, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 978-1-5099-4008-0
# Stormgate

Stormgate is an upcoming real-time strategy video game developed by Frost Giant Studios.

## Gameplay

Stormgate is a real-time strategy game set in a post-apocalyptic world. As standard for the genre, players concurrently gather resources, build bases and troops, and upgrade assets. The game will be free-to-play with free and monetized content. It is being developed to make a typically complex genre accessible to new audiences while providing the option of balanced, competitive one-on-ones for more advanced players.

## Development

Former Blizzard developers Tim Morten and Tim Campbell founded Frost Giant Studios in October 2020 with intention to build an accessible real-time strategy game. Morten previously was StarCraft II: Legacy of the Void's production lead, and Campbell had been Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne's campaign lead designer. They raised nearly $5 million in seed funding, an additional $5 million in March 2021, and $25 million in its January 2022 Series A funding. Frost Giant debuted Stormgate in June 2022. A closed beta started during December 2023. Stormgate is in Early Access on Steam since July 30, 2024. A full release of the game is expected one year later in 2025.
# Central Indiana Regional Transportation Authority

Central Indiana Regional Transportation Authority (CIRTA) is a provider of mass transportation in Boone and Hendricks counties with two routes serving Plainfield and Whitestown. As of 2019, the system provided 123,647 rides over 19,229 annual vehicle revenue hours with 3 buses and 31 vans.

## History

CIRTA was established in 2007. CIRTA improved the Plainfield Connector service with several bus shelters in 2020, as increased online shopping led to a greater need for warehouse workers along the route. Sunday service was previously offered in Plainfield and Whitestown, however it was eliminated in February 2023 due to low ridership. Similarly, CIRTA offered express bus service from Fishers to downtown Indianapolis up until 2015, but this was removed due to low ridership.

## Service

CIRTA operates vanpool service and two commuter bus routes connecting IndyGo riders to major employers in Plainfield and Whitestown. Hours of operation for the system are Monday through Friday from 5:10 A.M. to 7:05 P.M. and Saturdays from 5:10 A.M. to 7:08 P.M. There is no service on Sundays. Regular fares are $1.00.

### Routes

* Plainfield Connector
* Whitetown Connector

## Fixed route ridership

The ridership statistics shown here are of fixed route services only and do not include vanpool services.
# International cricket in 1984

The 1984 International cricket season was from May 1984 to September 1984.

## Season overview

International tours :
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] | Results [Matches] |
| Start date | Home team | Away team | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| 30 May 1984 | England | West Indies | 0–5 [5] | 1–2 [3] | — | — |
| 23 August 1984 | England | Sri Lanka | 0–0 [1] | — | — | — |

## May
### West Indies in England

ODI series :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| ODI 264 | 31 May | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Trent Bridge, Nottingham | West Indies by 104 runs |
| ODI 265 | 2 June | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Old Trafford, Manchester | England by 3 wickets |
| ODI 266 | 4 June | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Lord's, London | West Indies by 8 wickets |
| Test series |||||||||
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 989 | 14–18 June | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Edgbaston, Birmingham | West Indies by an innings and 180 runs |
| Test 990 | 28 June–3 July | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Lord's, London | West Indies by 9 wickets |
| Test 991 | 12–16 July | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Headingley, Leeds | West Indies by 8 wickets |
| Test 992 | 26–31 July | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | Old Trafford, Manchester | West Indies by an innings and 64 runs |
| Test 993 | 9–14 August | David Gower | Clive Lloyd | The Oval, London | West Indies by 172 runs |

## August
### Sri Lanka in England

One-off Test :
| No. | Date | Home captain | Away captain | Venue | Result |
| Test 994 | 23–28 August | David Gower | Duleep Mendis | Lord's, London | Match drawn |
# Central station (electricity)

A central station was the name given to the first generation of power stations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Prior to the establishment of electricity grids, central stations were as yet unconnected with one another, each being the sole source of electrical supply to nearby consumers.
Central Stations played a key role in the development of electric vehicles: the Electric Vehicle Association of America (EVAA) had representatives from 10 central stations when it was founded in 1910. The New England section of the EVAA, founded in 1909 was called the “Electric Vehicle and Central Station Association”. The monthly official journal of the EVAA was called The Central Station published by Harry Cushing Jr. and edited by Newton Harris.
Cushing and Harris published Central Station Management in 1916.
# 2020 Puerto Rico primaries

The 2020 Puerto Rico primaries may refer to:
* 2020 United States presidential primaries in Puerto Rico
** 2020 Puerto Rico Democratic primary
* Territorial government primaries
** 2020 New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico primaries
** 2020 Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico primaries
# Microchera

Microchera is a genus of hummingbirds.

## Species

The genus includes three species:
Genus Microchera – Gould, 1858 – three species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Snowcap Male Female | Microchera albocoronata (Lawrence, 1855) Two subspecies M. a. albocoronata(Lawrence, 1855) M. a. parvirostris(Lawrence, 1865) | Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Coppery-headed emerald Male Female | Microchera cupreiceps (Lawrence, 1866) | Costa Rica | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| White-tailed emerald | Microchera chionura (Gould, 1851) | Costa Rica and Panama. | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
The white-tailed emerald and the coppery-headed emerald were formerly placed in the genus Elvira. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that these two species were closely related to the snowcap in the genus Microchera. The three species were therefore placed together in Microchera which has priority.
# Microchilo acroperalis

Microchilo acroperalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Microcheilia

Microcheilia is a congenital disorder where one's lips are unusually small.
# Story Seat

Story Seat was a Canadian children's television series that aired on CBC Television in 1962, in which hosts Lillian Carlson and Norman Young recited and performed stories for young children. The 15-minute shows were broadcast Thursdays at 4:15 p.m. (Eastern time) from 11 January to 28 June 1962.
# Central Pueblo, Colorado

Central Pueblo, Colorado used to be a city in Colorado. It was incorporated 1882. It was one of 4 towns, South Pueblo, Colorado, Central Pueblo, Colorado, Bessemer, Colorado, and Pueblo, Colorado. South Pueblo, Colorado, and Central Pueblo were briefly consolidated as the City of Pueblo between March 9 and April 6 of 1886 It wasn't until 1894 when Bessemer city joined to create the modern city of Pueblo, Colorado.