OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Oxenfoord Castle

Oxenfoord Castle is a country house in Midlothian, Scotland. It is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Pathhead, Midlothian, and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south-east of Dalkeith, above the Tyne Water. Originally a 16th-century tower house, the present castle is largely the result of major rebuilding in 1782, to designs by the architect Robert Adam. Oxenfoord was the seat of the Earl of Stair from 1840, and remains in private ownership. It is protected as a category A listed building, while the grounds are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.

## History

The lands of Oxenfoord were owned by the Riddel family in the 12th century. By the 16th century the MacGills owned the estate, and built the original tower house. In 1651, James MacGill was elevated to the peerage as Viscount of Oxfuird. Oxenfoord passed through the family until it was inherited by Thomas Hamilton of Fala. His daughter and heiress, Elizabeth Hamilton, married Sir John Dalrymple, 4th Baronet, in 1760, and they inherited the estate in 1779. Sir John, a lawyer, scientist, and historian, published Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland (1771), and Essays on Different Natural Situations of Gardens (1774), an influential book at the time. A friend of Robert Adam, he commissioned the architect to rebuild his tower house at Oxenfoord in 1780. The L-plan tower was absorbed into the new building, in a similar manner to Adam's Culzean Castle. A new approach bridge was built around this time by Alexander Stevens, an Adam associate. The bridge is also a category A listed building.
Sir John's son, in 1840, inherited the title 8th Earl of Stair. He commissioned William Burn to remodel the castle in 1842. A new wing and entrance was added in the style of Adam's work. The 8th and 9th Earls established a pinetum on the grounds of the house. In 1864 the 10th Earl inherited Lochinch Castle in Galloway, and made his principal home there rather than at Oxenfoord. From 1931 until 1993 the house was used by Oxenfoord Castle School, founded by Lady Marjorie Dalrymple, sister of John Dalrymple, 11th Earl of Stair. Since 1993, the house has reverted to private use by the Dalrymple family and has been used as a wedding venue, for private parties, and for corporate events.
# Madison Township, St. Joseph County, Indiana

Madison Township is one of thirteen townships in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,770.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Madison Township covers an area of 52.12 square miles (135.0 km$^2$); of this, 52.11 square miles (135.0 km$^2$) (99.98 percent) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km$^2$) (0.02 percent) is water.

### Unincorporated towns

* Woodland at 41°33′52″N 86°10′38″W﻿ / ﻿41.564493°N 86.177226°W﻿ / 41.564493; -86.177226
* Wyatt at 41°31′33″N 86°10′10″W﻿ / ﻿41.525881°N 86.169448°W﻿ / 41.525881; -86.169448
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Penn Township (north)
* Olive Township, Elkhart County (east)
* Locke Township, Elkhart County (southeast)
* German Township, Marshall County (south)
* Union Township (west)
* Centre Township (northwest)

### Major highways

* SR 331

## School districts

* Penn-Harris-Madison School Corporation

## Political districts

* Indiana's 2nd congressional district
* State House District 21
* State Senate District 9
# Madison Township, Winneshiek County, Iowa

Madison Township is a township in Winneshiek County, Iowa, USA.

## History

Madison Township was established in 1880.
# Macaco Tião

Macaco Tião ("Tião the Monkey") (January 16, 1963 in Rio de Janeiro – December 23, 1996 in Rio de Janeiro) was a chimpanzee of the Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden who was very popular with children and visitors.
His name ("Tião", a nickname for "Sebastião") is in memory of Rio de Janeiro's patron saint, Saint Sebastian (São Sebastião). He was 1.52 metres (5 ft 0 in) tall and weighed 70 kilograms (150 lb).

## History

Tião started to become popular in the 1980s for his temperament, regarded as constant "bad mood" and having the habit of throwing mud and feces on the visitors of the zoo, especially politicians such as Marcello Alencar.
Tião became a celebrity in Brazil, when in 1988, the comedians who ran newspapers Casseta Popular and Planeta Diário (who would later join forces as Casseta & Planeta), jokingly created his extra official candidature for mayor as a protest in defence of null voting. At the time, voting was written on papers instead of registered using voting machines. It is estimated that more than 400,000 ballots were cast for him, and he reached third place in an election with 12 candidates. Because of that, he is now on the Guinness World Records as the most voted chimpanzee in the world. As Tião was not a registered candidate, all his ballots were considered as null. In 1996, the voting system in Brazil was changed to electronic machines, so votes could no longer be cast for non-registered candidates.
Macaco Tião had always attracted enormous attention and had a special place in the zoo, built especially for him.
Nationally famous, various Brazilian newspapers and the French Le Monde reported the news of his death, in December, 23 of 1996. Tião died of diabetes at the age of 33. The city of Rio de Janeiro declared official mourning of three days, with the flags of Rio de Janeiro's Zoo being flown at half-staff. His body was taken to the primate center of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Centro de Primatologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - CPRJ), in the Guapimirim city, where his skeleton is preserved.
# Everett, Missouri

Everett is an unincorporated community in Cass County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

Everett was platted in 1867, and named in honor of politician Edward Everett. A post office called Everett was established in 1857, and remained in operation until 1906.
# Magudu

Magudu is a town in Nkomazi Local Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, on the borderline with Eswatini.
Formerly known as Magut, it was named after a Tsonga king of the Khoza/Mavona clan in Mozambique (Magudu Nkanyini).
# Eutreta christophe

Eutreta christophe is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Mexico, Haiti.
# Alan R. Drengson

Alan R. Drengson (1934–2022) was a Canadian philosopher.

## Background

Alan Drengson served as the editor of the Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy from 1983 to 1997. Alan Drengson's papers associated with the journal are housed in the archives of the University of Victoria Libraries. Marti Kheel's commentary on Alan Drengson's work with The Trumpeter is held in the Schlesinger Library (Harvard University).
In 1986, Environmental Ethics reported that Drengson had "published in a wide variety of periodicals" and that he had taught courses "in Eastern philosophy, environmental philosophy, philosophy of technology, philosophy of religion, and philosophy of history." In 1994, David Clarke Burks stated that “Alan Drengson is an Associate Professor of philosophy at the University of Victoria, B.C., Canada. He is the founder and editor of The Trumpeter and author of Beyond Environmental Crisis.”
Drengon's work has been cited by several other environmental philosophers; for example, in "Cultural Relativism and Environmental Ethics", Lawrence T. Willett wrote that "Environmental philosophers are trying to develop a global ethic; see, e.g. Alan Drengson's definitions in the Trumpeter." In 1989, the Vancouver Sun wrote that Drengson "was raised Christian but no longer attends church."
Drengson wrote the introduction to Arne Næss's The Ecology of Wisdom. Editor Bill Devall wrote "this anthology begins with an exploration of Arne's life and work by Alan Drengson. This essay explores how Arne developed and articulated his own life philosophy grounded in a place."
# Ghost Online

Ghost Online, also known as Ghost Soul and GO, was a free-to-play side-scrolling massively multiplayer online role-playing game, originally released on December 30, 2006. It was developed by Netgame (a division of MGAME USA Inc.).
The game was available for several specific countries and regions in Asia, the United States, and worldwide, which almost all were shut down. The game is currently only available in South Korea.
In the game, players defend the "World" from ghost monsters and develop their character's skills and abilities, like in most other role-playing games. There is a soul system that allows players absorb souls from monsters. Players can interact with others in many ways, such as through chatting, trading. Groups of players can band together in parties to hunt monsters, and share the rewards. Players can fight each other with the game PvP system. Players can also band in a guild to battle with other guilds. Ghost Online also many quests, some of which allow the player to obtain new skills.

## Story

Lord Tai He and his apprentices rid the world of Demons, but Tai He himself had used forbidden magic that corrupted his soul. So he had to go to the western lands, to find the sacred herb to cleanse it. The player is Tai He for a short time, learning the basics in Batu Caves. After defeating a clone, Tai He eats the herb, dies and is reborn as your character.

## Gameplay

There are six character classes in the game. The main source of gold (in-game currency) and experience points are the monsters in the game. They are found in most fields outside of the cities and towns, and portals leading to maps with monsters (usually from a town) are colored red.

## Shutdown

As of June 3, 2009, the game was shut down (USA version), with two other games, which are The Legend of Ares and Holic online, by Mgame USA. The reason for termination was that the three games were not producing enough revenue. Ghost Online Malaysia was shut down on 31 August 2009. The Vietnam version also shut down on January 31, 2009. The game was re-released in June 2012, under the name Soul Saver Online with a few minor changes.
Recently, the Thailand version also shut down on March 11, 2014.
# Early Music (journal)

Early Music is a peer-reviewed academic journal specialising in the study of early music. It was established in 1973 by John M. Thomson during the early music revival, and is published quarterly by Oxford University Press. The co-editors are Alan Howard, Elizabeth Eva Leach and Stephen Rose.
The journal has been described as "successfully disseminat[ing] valuable information to all members of the early music community: scholars, performers, informed amateurs, and instrument makers and collectors".

## Overview

Early Music broadly covers topics relating to its namesake period, namely the medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. Less often, topics from the Classical and Romantic periods are including as well. The journal publishes quarterly, featuring 5–10 articles, alongside reviews of books, music and recordings.
The librarian Alan Karass notes that the "articles are scholarly but not academic in nature". He further remarks that "a distinguishing feature of Early Music is its extraordinary visual beauty"; the journal frequently includes a variety of visual art to accompany its topics.

## History

Early Music was founded in 1973 by the New Zealand musicologist John Mansfield Thomson, who worked for many decades in London. He was a leading figure in the emerging early music revival, and aimed to aimed to unite early music scholarship with mainstream musical acts such as David Munrow. Published by Oxford University Press (OUP), Thomson worked alongside the OUP's Alan Franks, but characterized his relationship with the OUP as uneasy, he described control of the magazine by the music department as "spiritual death".
The journal has devoted issues to specific topics, such as the composers Guillaume de Machaut (5.4) and Johann Sebastian Bach (13.2), as well as Baroque theatre (both 17.4 and 18.1) and dance (26.2).
Thomson was the founding editor, followed by Nicholas Kenyon and Tess Knighton. The current co-editors are Alan Howard, Elizabeth Eva Leach and Stephen Rose.
# Christian Scholars Group

The Christian Scholars Group is group of about 20 Christian scholars, theologians, historians and clergy from various Christian denominations which works to "develop more adequate Christian theologies of the church's relationship to Judaism and the Jewish people."

## A Sacred Obligation

The group issued a statement in September 2002, "A Sacred Obligation: Rethinking Christian Faith in Relation to Judaism and the Jewish People", which states, in part:
    "For most of the past two thousand years, Christians have erroneously portrayed Jews as unfaithful, holding them collectively responsible for the death of Jesus and therefore accursed by God. In agreement with many official Christian declarations, we reject this accusation as historically false and theologically invalid. It suggests that God can be unfaithful to the eternal covenant with the Jewish people. We acknowledge with shame the suffering this distorted portrayal has brought upon the Jewish people.... We believe that revising Christian teaching about Judaism and the Jewish people is a central and indispensable obligation of theology in our time." They then offer ten positions, with detailed explanations, "for the consideration of our fellow Christians. We urge all Christians to reflect on their faith in light of these statements."

## 10 positions

The ten positions, in brief, are:
* God's covenant with the Jewish people endures forever.
* Jesus of Nazareth lived and died as a faithful Jew, see also Historical Jesus.
* Ancient rivalries must not define Christian-Jewish relations today.
* Judaism is a living faith, enriched by many centuries of development.
* The Bible both connects and separates Jews and Christians.
* Affirming God's enduring covenant with the Jewish people has consequences for Christian understandings of salvation.
* Christians should not target Jews for conversion.
* Christian worship that teaches contempt for Judaism dishonors God.
* We affirm the importance of the land of Israel for the life of the Jewish people.
* Christians should work with Jews for the healing of the world.
    The statement may or may not reflect the views of the scholars' various denominations.

## Notable people

* Celia Deutsch
# Dale Township, Kingman County, Kansas

Dale Township is a township in Kingman County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 203.

## Geography

Dale Township covers an area of 35.37 square miles (91.6 square kilometers); of this, 0.3 square miles (0.77 square kilometers) or 0.84 percent is water. The stream of Sand Creek runs through this township.

### Unincorporated towns

* Georgia
* Murdock
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Adjacent townships

* Galesburg Township (north)
* Evan Township (northeast)
* Vinita Township (east)
* Allen Township (southeast)
* Eagle Township (south)
* Richland Township (southwest)
* Ninnescah Township (west)
* White Township (northwest)

### Cemeteries

The township contains two cemeteries: Bethany and Murdock.
# Vasha

Vasha may refer to:
* Vaşa, Azerbaijan
* Vasheh, Markazi, Iran
# Eutreta divisa

Eutreta divisa is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Eutreta of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.
# Charles Thurber (inventor)

Charles Thurber (January 2, 1803 – November 7, 1886) was an inventor and firearms maker who made important innovations in the early development of the typewriter. According to the book The Marvels of Modern Mechanism published in 1901, Thurber invented and patented in 1843 the first practical typewriter, though it admits his machine was slow, crude and was never manufactured.

## Career

Thurber was a partner with his brother-in-law, Ethan Allen in a firearms manufacturing company known as Allen & Thurber.
Aside from firearms, he developed multiple patents, the first in 1843 for an aid to the blind and in 1845 he patented his Chirographer
# Cymothoe altisidora

Cymothoe altisidora is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Dale Township, Cottonwood County, Minnesota

Dale Township is a township in Cottonwood County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 151 at the 2010 census.
Dale Township was organized in 1872, and named for the many dales contained within its borders.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.0 square miles (93 km$^2$), of which 35.6 square miles (92 km$^2$) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km$^2$), or 1.28%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 154 people, 65 households, and 47 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.3 inhabitants per square mile (1.7/km$^2$). There were 70 housing units at an average density of 2.0 per square mile (0.77/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.05% White, 1.95% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.95% of the population.
There were 65 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.69.
In the township the population was spread out, with 20.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.8 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $41,250, and the median income for a family was $45,625. Males had a median income of $27,500 versus $15,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,131. About 7.1% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.6% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.

## Politics

Dale Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Jim Hagedorn, a Republican. At the state level, Dale Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22B, represented by Republican Rod Hamilton.
# Dalodesmidae

Dalodesmidae is a family of millipedes in the order Polydesmida, containing at least 250 species found in the Southern Hemisphere.

## Distribution

Species of Dalodesmidae are found in Australia (over 100 species), Madagascar, New Caledonia, New Zealand, South Africa, and southern South America (Chile and southern Brazil).

## Classification

Dalodesmidae is one of the major families of the order Polydesmida, with at least 55 genera and 250 species (with some estimates up to 340 species). It is related to the small family Vaalogonopodidae (8 species) with which it forms the suborder Dalodesmidea.
The taxonomy is based mainly on the structure of the male gonopods. Below is the list of species as of January 2014.
* Abatodesmus
* Allawrencius
* Anthogonopus
* Antisoma
* Asphalidesmus
* Atalopharetra
* Atopodesmus
* Atrophotergum
* Blysmopeltis
* Broelemannosoma
* Bromodesmus
* Canacophilus
* Chiliosoma
* Cyphomeskelus
* Dalodesmus
* Dasystigma
* Dendrocaffrus
* Dityloura
* Doryskelus
* Drakensius
* Eparmatolophus
* Erythrodemus
* Eutubercularium
* Gasterogramma
* Gephyrodesmus
* Ginglymodesmus
* Gnomeskelus
* Gonokollesis
* Harpethrix
* Hemiphygoxerotes
* Icosidesmus
* Ischnocaffrus
* Kuschelodesmus
* Lissodesmus
* Microporus
* Mikroporus
* Monenchodesmus
* Notonaia
* Notonesiotes
* Oeciaconus
* Orthorhachis
* Pacificosoma
* Paredrodesmus
* Paurodesmus
* Pelmatotylus
* Peninsularia
* Perbrinckiella
* Philocaffrus
* Platytarropus
* Platytarrus
* Pleonarius
* Pristomeskelus
* Procophorella
* Pseudoprionopeltis
* Pseudothelydesmus
* Queenslandesmus
* Rhopaloskelus
* Schubartina
* Semnosoma
* Sphaerotrichopus
* Stenauchenia
* Tasmaniosoma
* Tasmanopeltis
* Tongodesmus
* Trematocaffrus
* Trienchodesmus
* Tubercularium
* Tzitzikamina
* Vanhoeffenia
* Victoriombrus
# Journal of Romance Studies

The Journal of Romance Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal of romance studies published by Liverpool University Press in association with the Institute of Modern Languages Research. One themed issue and two open issues are published each year. The journal is edited by Catherine Davies (Institute of Modern Languages Research) and Joseph Ford (Institute of Modern Languages Research).

## Abstracting and indexing

Journal of Romance Studies is indexed and abstracted in:
** A Current Bibliography on African Affairs (Sage)
** Emerging Sources Citation Index (Thomson Reuters)
** Historical Abstracts (EBSCO)
** IBR – International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences (De Gruyter)
** IBZ – International Bibliography of Periodical Literature in the Humanities and Social Sciences (De Gruyter)
** MLA Directory of Periodicals
** MLA International Bibliography
** Periodicals Index Online (Chadwyck-Healey)
** Scopus (Elsevier)
# Josser

Josser may refer to:
* Josser Watling (1925–2023), English footballer
* Jimmy Josser, a character played by Ernie Lotinga in a series of British comedy films and shorts (1928–1934?) and on the stage
* British slang for a cretin or simpleton
# Daljirka Dahsoon

Daljirka Dahsoon is a Tomb of the Unknown Soldier memorial located in Mogadishu, Somalia. The monument was erected in honour of the Somali men and women who died in defense of the Somali Republic. It is an important landmark in Mogadishu. In July 2017, president of Somalia, Farmaajo laid flowers on its steps in commemoration of those who have given their life for the freedom of Somalis.
# Juan Nepomuceno Machado

Juan Nepomuceno Machado is considered to be the father of the Mexican community of Mazatlan. He was a merchant from the Philippines who traded in fabric, pearls and silver. He settled on the coast of Sinaloa in 1829 where there were fishing villages and established a business financing pearl divers. He expanded into financing the reopening of mines in two towns Concordia, Sinaloa and San Jose de Copala in the Sierra Madre which had begun over a hundred years before. He left much of his fortune to help build the churches and municipal parks and buildings in the town of Mazatlan. Machado Square, which sits on land donated by Machado, was founded around 1837, according to historical records.
Prior to his arrival in Mexico around 1825, Machado had been working for people previously employed by Spain's Royal Philippine Company, which fell apart between 1810 and 1820. Machado traveled between Calcutta, Canton, Macao and Mexico for his employer Yrisarri and Company, and on his own account. While in Asia, Machado was involved in the opium trade, though he no doubt also traded in more mundane articles.
# Ecnomiohyla bailarina

Ecnomiohyla bailarina, the golden-eyed fringe-limbed tree frog, is a frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to Panama and Costa Rica. Scientists have seen it between 400 and 1400 meters above sea level. It lives in the Talamanca Mountains in Costa Rica and in Santa Fé National Park in Panama.
This frog lives in the forest canopy.
# Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

The Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering evidence-based medicine. It was established in 2008 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Chinese Cochrane Centre, of which it is the official English-language journal. It grew out of a decade of work by editors of the Chinese Journal of Evidence Based Medicine to create a new journal with a global audience. The editors-in-chief are You-Ping Li (West China Medical Center) and Mike Clarke (Queen’s University Belfast). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.224, ranking it 33rd out of 172 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal".