OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vakadu mandal

Vakadu mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Tirupati district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a part of Gudur revenue division.

## History

Vakadu mandal used to be a part of Nellore district and was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district on 4 April 2022.

## Demographics

Religions in Vakadu mandal (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hindus | Hindus | 92.15% | 92.15% |
| Muslims | Muslims | 6.91% | 6.91% |
| Christians | Christians | 0.74% | 0.74% |
| Others or not stated | Others or not stated | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Distribution of religions |||||
As per 2011 census, Vakadu mandal had a total population of 37,695 with 19,082 male population and 18,613 female population with a density of 160/km$^2$. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 14,760 and 5,414 of the population respectively. It had a literacy rate of 60.54% with 66.42% among males and 54.48% among females.

## Biodiversity

Vakadu mandal has brackish water ecosystem. Every year, terrestrial and aquatic birds migrate to Pulicat Lake area for a temporary stay. The ecosystem covers an area of 600 km$^2$ (230 sq mi) including parts of the mandal along with Chittamur, Doravarisatram, Sullurpeta and Tada mandals. The terrestrial birds include painted storks, large egrets, little egrets, grey pelicans, grey herons; water birds include northern pintails, black-winged stilts, northern shovelers, common teal, seagulls, terns, sandpipers, and common coots.

## Administration

Vakadu mandal is a part of Gudur revenue division. As of 2011 census, the mandal comprises the following 41 villages:
* Village
* Andalamala
* Budidalawagu
* Cheemalapadu
* Chennappagarimitta*
* Cherukumulam*
* Duggaraja Patnam
* Durgavaram
* Ganganapalem
* Gundlu
* Iskamattu
* Jaminkothapalem
* Juvvinattu
* Kalluru
* Kapparampadu*
* Kasipuram
* Kodiwaka
* Kondapuram
* Konduru
* Kotha Cheruvu @ Sahebulapalem
* Manyalanattu
* Molaganur
* Muttembaka
* Nagulamarri*
* Namkadu Bit - I*
* Namkadu Bit - II*
* Nellipudi
* Pamanji
* Pambali
* Pathetipalem
* Pedda Cheruvu*
* Pollakhandrika*
* Pudilayadoruvu
* Pulikorru @ Balireddipalem
* Reddipalem Bit - I
* Reddipalem Bit - II
* Tirumur
* Uttara Polam*
* Vagarru @ Tupilipalem
* Vakadu
* Valamedu
* Yaragatipalle
* Note: Chennappagarimitta, Cherukumulam, Kapparampadu, Nagulamarri, Namkadu Bit - I, Namkadu Bit - II, Pedda Cheruvu, Pollakhandrika and Uttara Polam were uninhabited

## Politics

Vakadu mandal is a part of Gudur Assembly constituency and Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency. As of 1 January 2018, the mandal had 24,483 eligible voters with 11,979 male voters and 12,504 female voters.
# NGC 3859

NGC 3859 is a spiral galaxy located about 295 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by astronomer Édouard Stephan on March 23, 1884. The galaxy is a member of the Leo Cluster.

## Physical characteristics

Deep imaging of NGC 3859 by Yagi et al. have revealed a distorted faint halo which is elongated toward the northeast along the major axis of the galaxy. On the southwestern side of the galaxy, the halo extends about ~33,000 ly (10 kpc) above the disk of the galaxy. To the north, there is a small dwarf galaxy which is possibly an interacting companion. A part of the extended halo of NGC 3859 may be the result of an interaction between the dwarf and NGC 3859.

### Hα emission

The bright disk Hα emission in the disk together with the very blue color of the galaxy and the emission line dominated nuclear spectrum indicate that NGC 3859 is a starburst galaxy. The morphology of the Hα emission of NGC 3859 is peculiar, characterized by two narrow spurs which extend to the northwest and the southeast from the galaxy disk. Their widths are ~6,500 ly (2 kpc) and ~33,000 ly (10 kpc) respectively. The morphology and size of the two spurs of NGC 3859 are quite similar to the Hα nebula and extended ionized gas cloud which suggest that the spurs originated in a starburst superbubble or superwind. The northern part of an Hα nebula of NGC 3859 seems to be flowing toward the northeast. Also, the two spurs of the galaxy are bending in the same direction. These morphological characteristics suggest that the hot gas of the galaxy is being affected by ram pressure from the southwest. However, there is no indication of one-sided elongation of ionized gas within the galaxy. There is also no sharp cutoff at the southwest edge of the Hα nebula, and no extended part of the Hα emission out of the galaxy to the northeast, but it shows an extension toward the east-southeast. In addition, the northern faint flowing part of the nebular continuum is overlapped by the dwarf companion galaxy suggesting that this part of the Hα nebula could have been formed by a galaxy interaction rather than ram pressure. Therefore, ram pressure stripping may not be strong enough to create the overall structure of the extended ionized gas cloud (EIG) around NGC 3859.

## SN 2014U

On February 23, 2014, a type II supernova designated as SN 2014U was discovered in NGC 3859.
# Chionodes viduella

Chionodes viduella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Poland, Bulgaria, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic region and Russia. It is also found in northern North America, from Alaska to Maine.
The wingspan is 13–17 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from May to August.
The larvae feed on Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Betula and Juniperus species.
# Marie Susini

Marie Susini (January 18, 1916 – August 22, 1993) was a French author known for her writing about her native Corsica.

## Early life and education

Marie Susini was born in Renno, Corsica, in 1916. She was raised by nuns in Vico, then attended school in Beaune. After living for a period in Marseille, she studied philosophy and literature in Paris, taking particular interest in the work of Henri Bergson. She attended the École du Louvre and the Collège de France.

## Career

Susini worked as a personal secretary for Abel Bonnard, the minister of national education during the fascist Vichy regime. After the war, she worked until her retirement as a librarian and curator at the Bibliothèque nationale de France.
Susini was the author of various works of literature, beginning with her "Corsican trilogy" of two novels and a play: Plein soleil (1953), La fiera (1954), and Corvara (1955). Her writing speaks of Corsica, of the island's isolation, and of the power of unexpressed feelings. The novel C'était cela notre amour is among her best-known works. Albert Camus encouraged her to pursue writing about her native island.
From 1971 until her death, she served on the jury for the Prix Femina literary award.
She also played the role of "Mathieu's wife" in Robert Bresson's 1967 film Mouchette.

## Personal life and death

Susini never married, but she was a longtime partner of the journalist Jean Daniel.
She died while visiting Orbetello, Italy, in 1993, and is buried in Vico, Corsica, where she grew up.

## Selected works

* Plein soleil (novel). 1953.
* La fiera (novel). Méditerranée. Éditions du Seuil. 1954.
* Corvara, ou la Malédiction (play in one act and three scenes). 1955.
* Un pas d'homme (novel). Éditions du Seuil. 1957.
* Le premier regard : récit. Éditions du Seuil. 1960.
* Les yeux fermés (novel). Éditions du Seuil. 1964.
* C'était cela notre amour (novel) (in French). 1970.
* Je m'appelle Anna Livia (novel). B. Grasset. 1979. ISBN 978-2-246-00843-9.
* La renfermée, la Corse (essay). with photographs by Chris Marker. Seuil. 1981. ISBN 978-2-02-005900-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
* L'île sans rivages. Éd. du Seuil. 1989. ISBN 978-2-02-010944-4.
# Town of Roma

The Town of Roma was a local government area in the western Downs region of Queensland, Australia. The Town of Roma covered the urban area of Roma and was surrounded by the neighbouring Shire of Bungil. Today it is part of the Maranoa Region. At the 2011 census the Town had a population of 6,906

## History

The Borough of Roma was established in 1867.
On 31 March 1903, under the Local Authorities Act (1902), the Borough of Roma became the Town of Roma.
In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released a report recommending a number of amalgamations of local government areas in Queensland. As a result, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007, on 15 March 2008, the new local government area of Roma Region was created, as an amalgamation of five previous local government areas:
* the Town of Roma;
* the Shire of Bendemere;
* the Shire of Booringa;
* the Shire of Bungil;
* and the Shire of Warroo.
On 26 July 2009, Roma Region was renamed Maranoa Region.

## Mayors

* 1867: T. McEwen
* 1902: T.A. Spencer
* 1906: R. Conlan
* James Lalor, also Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly and the Queensland Legislative Council
* 1927: George Power Williams
* Richard James Cottell (twice)
* 2000–2008: Bruce Garvie
# Elemér Hankiss

Elemér Hankiss (4 May 1928 – 10 January 2015) was a Hungarian sociologist. His first wife was MEP Ágnes Hankiss.

## Career

He was born in the town of Debrecen in eastern Hungary, where his father, János Hankiss was a professor of literature.
He received his university degree in French and English languages from School of English and American Studies of the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, where he later obtained a PhD.
Following the 1956 Hungarian Revolution he spent 10 months in pretrial detention but was eventually acquitted.
He was the president of the Hungarian Television from 1990 to 1993. It was a state-owned monopoly at the time, which he tried to turn into a modern, production- and viewer-oriented, competition-ready media company. In 1993, he was controversially forced to resign in connection with the so-called Media War (Médiaháború) between the government and the media in the early 1990s.
He has written extensively on values system in Hungary and Central Europe, as well as on global civilization. His concept of Second Society has been much cited in East European Studies.
He was a professor at Stanford University, the Bruges and Florence University Institutes, as well as the Central European University.
He died in Budapest after a short illness on 10 January 2015.

## Works

* Fears and Symbols: An Introduction to the Study of Western Civilization (2006).
# Dealing dogs

Dealing dogs may refer to:
* The sale of animals to research labs
* Dealing Dogs (film), a 2006 HBO documentary film about the sale of shelter dogs to research labs
# V339 Delphini

V339 Delphini or Nova Delphini 2013 (PNV J20233073+2046041) is a bright nova star in the constellation Delphinus. It was discovered on 14 August 2013 by amateur astronomer Koichi Itagaki in Japan and confirmed by the Liverpool Telescope on La Palma. The nova appeared with a magnitude 6.8 when it was discovered and peaked at magnitude 4.3 on 16 August 2013. A nova is produced by the fusion of accumulated material on the white dwarf nova progenitor acquired from its companion star. The nova system is thus a binary star, and a classical nova. The white dwarf is a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, with an estimated mass of 1.04±0.02 M$_☉$. There is not yet a consensus about what the binary's orbital period is; estimates range from 3.15 hours to 6.43 hours.
V339 Del is the first nova that has been observed to synthesize the element lithium. Production of lithium-7 from the decay of beryllium-7, which was observed in the wind blown out of the nova. This is the first direct evidence of the supply of lithium to the interstellar medium by an astronomical object. Lithium-7 is fragile in the environment at the center of a nova, so being blown out of the environment at the center is necessary for the observation of lithium. The beryllium was produced by the fusion of helium-3 with helium-4. Nucleosynthesis of lithium is important in the study of chemical abundances in the universe.
# VK Singidunum

Vaterpolo klub Singidunum (Serbian Cyrillic: Ватерполо клуб Сингидунум) is a water polo club from Belgrade, Serbia. The team competes in the Serbian Water polo League B.
# Whistle Down the Wind (novel)

Whistle Down the Wind was a novella written by Mary Hayley Bell and illustrated by Ōven Edwards. It was published in 1958 by T.V. Boardman & Co. The central characters are three children — Swallow, Brat and Poor Baby who are based on the author's own children Juliet, Hayley and Jonathan Mills. The story is narrated by Brat.
Hayley Bell developed the concept for the story in the summer of 1957 in a gypsy caravan at the family's farm in Sussex.
The story was filmed as Whistle Down the Wind (1961), starring the author's daughter, Hayley Mills in the lead role.

## Plot

One day ten-year-old Brambling (nicknamed "Brat") and her seven year old brother Merlin ("Poor Baby") are told by their twelve-year-old sister Swallow that she and their five-year-old friend Elizabeth found a man hiding in a barn of the family farm who they believe to be Jesus Christ after taking his exclamation of "Jesus" literally when they asked who he was. The Man seemed feverish so the children take care of him sworn to secrecy fearing the adults would take him away.
Over the next few days, the children's school was closed with their father claiming there was a plague so the children introduce the Man to their friends who are also sworn to secrecy. Brat, Swallow and Poor Baby later learn from their grandmother that there was not actually a plague but refused to give the real reason for the school closure other than there being a scare involving the police. The children learn from a friend that the grandmother of another child named Amos Nodge told him that the police were searching for an escaped convict which the police had traced to their local area. The children's father later told them not to leave the farm and to tell him if they saw any strange men around.
The secret is finally blown after Amos, who suffered a mishap in front of the Man, betrayed them. The police arrive to arrest the Man, who they call Blake, believing him to be the convict but not before a large group of children, some from far away, gathered in front of them and the Man set the barn and the oast house on fire and escaped. The children's father shows Brat, Swallow and Poor Baby a cross left behind on a wall still standing after the blaze and they assure him that the whole affair has not changed how they felt about Jesus.
# Maria Peschek

Maria Peschek (12 August 1953 – 8 June 2023) was a German comedian, actress and playwright.

## Life and career

Born in Weng, Bavaria, Peschek grew up in Munich, and graduated in acting from the Otto Falckenberg School of the Performing Arts. After several character roles on stage and on TV series, she had her breakout in 1985, when she ranked second in the Scharfrichterbeil cabaret contest playing the Ratschkathl character Paula Pirschl. Since then she successfully played the character in cabaret, radio and television shows, notably becoming a regular in the Bayerischer Rundfunk show Radiospitzen. On stage, she was mainly associated with the Tams Theatre in Munich, for which she often served as a playwright and an actress. In 2003, she formed the comedy duo "Beppi and Charli" with actress Annette Spola.
During her career Peschek was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, notably a Schwabing Art Prize, a Bayerischer Poetentaler, a Dieter Hildebrandt Prize and an Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis. She died of heart attack on 8 June 2023, at the age of 69.
# Volcanosuchus

Volcanosuchus is an extinct genus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation in India. The type species is V. statisticae. The phytosaur by the marginal overlapping of the nostrils by the antorbital fenestrae, external nares based on a bulbous and raised dome, the lateral surface of the jugal ornamented by a distinct ridge defined by multiple tubercles and radiating string‐like structures, and distinct ornamentation pattern on the rostrum and the skull’s roof. The species ranged form the late Carnian to the early/middle Norian.

## Description
### Skull

The skull of the holotype ISIR 44 is estimated to be around 555 mm (around 21 in), is robust, and has a high skull table. The premaxillary rostrum is somewhat thick, and the premaxilla’s width measuring at 42 mm (about 2 in), with an arching dorsal surface. The premaxilla develops posteriorly and has sutural contact with the septomaxilla.
# Eleemosynary

Eleemosynary may refer to:
* Eleemosynary, relating to charity or the giving of alms
* Eleemosynary (play), by Lee Blessing (1985)
# Di Palma

Di Palma (or di Palma) is a surname. Ancient and noble family of the South of Italy, which became of Norman origin, which spread over the centuries in various regions of Italy. Tradition has it that it took its name from the land of Palma, formerly owned, sometimes called Castiglione. The first certain historical memories relating to the family are already in 1190. It then always occupied very high civil and ecclesiastical offices; it was repeatedly received in the SMO of Malta, since 1300, and also had the Baliaggio di Venosa in the Order. It enjoyed nobility in Naples, Nola, Messina, Marsala, Monte San Giuliano and another branch was ascribed to the Mastra Nobile di Messina in 1743. It was repeatedly recognized as generous nobility in admission to the RR. Bodyguards. In total he owned 22 fiefdoms and the marquisates of Casalciprani or Pietramelara. Some authors say that the branch of the dukes of Sant'Elia, lords of Giugliano ... notable people with this surname include:
* Carlo Di Palma (1925 –2004), Italian cinematographer
* Dario Di Palma (1932-2004), Italian film cinematographer
* José Luis Di Palma (born 1966), Argentine racing driver
* Julianne Michelle Di Palma, American actress
* Louis DiPalma (born 1961), American politician
* Luciano Di Palma (1944–2016), Italian judoka
* Patricio Di Palma (born 1971), Argentine racing driver
* Rubén Luis di Palma (1944–2000), Argentine racing driver
* Vincenzo Di Palma (born 1970), Italian coxswain
# Dealin'

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Dealin' is an album by bassist Richard Davis recorded in 1973 and released on the Muse label.

## Reception

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars.

## Track listing

All compositions by Richard Davis except as indicated
* "What'd You Say" – 6:25
* "Dealin'" – 6:07
* "Julie's Rag Doll" – 5:40
* "Sweet'n" – 3:57
* "Sorta" – 3:15
* "Blues for Now" – 11:06

## Personnel

* Richard Davis – bass, electric bass, vocals
* Marvin Peterson – trumpet, tambourine, cowbell
* Clifford Jordan – tenor saxophone, cowbell
* David Spinozza – guitar
* Paul Griffin – piano, electric piano, clavinet
* Freddie Waits – drums
# VA RNA

The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus. It plays a role in regulating translation. There are two copies of this RNA called VAI or VA RNAI and VAII or VA RNAII. These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. VA RNAI is the major species with VA RNAII expressed at a lower level. Neither transcript is polyadenylated and both are transcribed by PolIII.

## Function

VAI stimulates the translation of both early and late viral genes including E3 and hexon. VAII does not stimulate translation. Transient transfection assays have shown that VAI-RNA increases the stability of ribosome-bound transcripts.
VAI RNA is processed in the cell to create 22 nucleotide long RNAs that can act as siRNA or miRNA. VAI RNA functions as a decoy RNA for the double stranded RNA activated protein kinase R which would otherwise phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2.

## Structure

VA RNA is composed of two stem-loops separated by a central region essential for function.
# Timeline of Santiago de Cuba

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Santiago, Cuba.

## Prior to 20th century

* 1514 - August: Santiago de Cuba founded by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar.
* 1518 - Roman Catholic diocese of Baracoa established.
* 1522
** Capital of Cuba relocated to Santiago from Baracoa.
** Coat of arms granted.
** Santiago de Cuba Cathedral named as a cathedral by Pope Adrian VI.
* 1526 - Fire.
* 1535 - Fire.
* 1553 - Santiago was occupied and plundered by French corsairs.
* 1603 - Sacked by English pirates.
* 1607 - Capital of Cuba relocated from Santiago to Havana.
* 1613 - Fire.
* 1638 - Castillo de San Pedro de la Roca (fort) construction begins.
* 1662 - British military force from Jamaica occupied and plundered the town.
* 1722 - San Basilio el Magno seminary established.
* 1741 - A British squadron from Jamaica and operated unsuccessfully against Santiago.
* 1755 - Population: 15,471.
* 1767 - 11 June: Earthquake.
* 1774 - Population: 18,374.
* 1787 - Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País founded.
* 1799 - Government slaves working at Cobre mine, Cuba were freed.
* 1805 - El Amigo de los Cubanos newspaper begins publication.
* 1808 - Population: 33,881.
* 1823 - Teatro Coliseo (theatre) opens.
* 1827 - Population: about 27,000.
* 1852 - Earthquake.
* 1862 - Lafayette [es] tumba francesa group founded.
* 1868 - Santa Ifigenia Cemetery established.
* 1873 - The Virginius Affair.
* 1898
** 3 July: Battle of Santiago de Cuba fought near city.
** July: Siege of Santiago by US forces.
** El Cubano Libre newspaper in publication.
** Emilio Bacardí Moreau becomes mayor.
* 1899 - Public library established.

## 20th century

* 1902 - Population: 45,478.
* 1905 - Convención Bautista de Cuba Oriental (church) founded.
* 1909 - Vista Alegre Theatre built.
* 1915 - Cine Aguilera (cinema) opens.
* 1917 - Orientales baseball team formed.
* 1919 - Population: 70,232.
* 1924 - Cine Rialto (cinema) opens.
* 1943 - Population: 118,266.
* 1947 - University of Santiago de Cuba established.
* 1953
** 26 July: Moncada Barracks attacked by forces of Castro, launching the Cuban Revolution.
** Population: 163,237.
* 1954 - Antonio Maceo Airport opens.
* 1956 - 30 November: Levantamiento en Santiago de Cuba [es] (anti-Batista event) occurs.
* 1957 - Anti-Batista unrest; crackdown.
* 1964 - Estadio Guillermón Moncada (stadium) opens.
* 1970 - Population: 277,600.
* 1976 - Jardín de los Helechos de Santiago de Cuba [es] (garden) established.
* 1977 - Avispas baseball team formed.
* 1999 - Population: 441,524.

## 21st century

* 2012
** March: Catholic pope visits Santiago.
** October: Hurricane Sandy.
** Population: 431,471.
* 2014 - Population: 434,268.
* 2015 - September: Catholic pope visits Santiago.