OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Compsidolon

Compsidolon is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are more than 60 described species in Compsidolon.

## Species

These 64 species belong to the genus Compsidolon:
* Compsidolon absinthii (J.Scott, 1870)
* Compsidolon acuticeps (Wagner, 1961)
* Compsidolon ailaoshanensis
* Compsidolon alatavicum (Kerzhner, 1962)
* Compsidolon alcmene Linnavuori, 1971
* Compsidolon alibeganum Linnavuori, 1984
* Compsidolon anagae Gyllensvard, 1968
* Compsidolon balachowskyi (Wagner, 1958)
* Compsidolon beckeri (Reuter, 1904)
* Compsidolon bicolor (Reuter, 1883)
* Compsidolon bipunctatum Wagner, 1975
* Compsidolon collare Wagner, 1976
* Compsidolon crotchi (J.Scott, 1870)
* Compsidolon cyticellum (Lindberg, 1953)
* Compsidolon cytisellum (Lindberg, 1953)
* Compsidolon cytisi (Lindberg, 1953)
* Compsidolon eckerleini Wagner, 1970
* Compsidolon elaegnicola Yasunaga, 1999
* Compsidolon elegantulum Reuter, 1899
* Compsidolon eximium (Reuter, 1879)
* Compsidolon flavidum
* Compsidolon freyi (Wagner, 1954)
* Compsidolon furcillatum Li, Liu, Hu & Zheng, 2007
* Compsidolon galbanus Gyllensvard, 1968
* Compsidolon hiemale Konstantinov, 2006
* Compsidolon hierroense (Wagner, 1954)
* Compsidolon hierroensis (Wagner, 1954)
* Compsidolon hippophaes Muminov, 1979
* Compsidolon hoggaricum Wagner, 1974
* Compsidolon ishmedagan Linnavuori, 1984
* Compsidolon isis Linnavuori, 1993
* Compsidolon kerzhneri Kulik, 1973
* Compsidolon littorale Wagner, 1965
* Compsidolon longiceps (Reuter, 1904)
* Compsidolon maculicorne Linnavuori, 1986
* Compsidolon minutum Wagner, 1970
* Compsidolon nanno Linnavuori, 1971
* Compsidolon narzykulovi Muminov, 1964
* Compsidolon nathaliae (Josifov, 1974)
* Compsidolon nebulosum (Reuter, 1878)
* Compsidolon pallidicorne (Poppius, 1914)
* Compsidolon parietariae V.Putshkov, 1984
* Compsidolon parviceps (Wagner, 1954)
* Compsidolon pilosum
* Compsidolon pseudocrotchi Wagner, 1965
* Compsidolon pterocephali (Lindberg, 1948)
* Compsidolon pumilum (Jakovlev, 1876)
* Compsidolon punctulatum Qi & Nonnaizab, 1995
* Compsidolon qoshanum Linnavuori, 1984
* Compsidolon reraiense (Lindberg, 1940)
* Compsidolon robustum Linnavuori, 1986
* Compsidolon russatum (Odhiambo, 1960)
* Compsidolon sabulicola Linnavuori, 1984
* Compsidolon salicellum (Herrich-schaeffer, 1841)
* Compsidolon salviae (Linnavuori, 1961)
* Compsidolon saundersi (Reuter, 1901)
* Compsidolon saxosum V.Putshkov, 1975
* Compsidolon schrenkianum
* Compsidolon scutellare (Reuter, 1902)
* Compsidolon shrenkianum Konstantinov & Vinokurov, 2011
* Compsidolon surdum Linnavuori, 1975
* Compsidolon torridum Linnavuori, 1975
* Compsidolon uncum Li, Liu, Hu & Zheng, 2007
* Compsidolon verbenae (Wagner, 1954)
# Waldstadion Homburg

The Waldstadion Homburg is the home stadium of Oberliga Südwest club FC 08 Homburg. It has a spectator capacity of 16,488. In the three seasons — 1986–87, 1987–88 and 1989–90 — that Homburg were in the Bundesliga the average attendance was less than 8,000 per game.
# U.S.S. Seawolf (novel)

USS Seawolf is a naval thriller published in 2000 by best selling author Patrick Robinson. It is the fourth book to feature Arnold Morgan as a main character. The second edition was published in 2005 with a new cover picture painted by Larry Rostant.

## Plot summary

The story begins with a United States Navy submarine, the USS Seawolf (SSN-21), on a mission to spy on the new Chinese nuclear missile submarine. The mission is successful until the submarine's second-in-command, the president's son Linus Clark makes a fatal error, and the submarine collides with a sonar array from a Chinese ship that is searching for them. The crew is imprisoned and tortured while the Chinese begin to strip the captured submarine for its secrets. Desperately, Arnold Morgan, the National Security Advisor, plans a mission to get the crew back, safeguard the sub's secrets, and punish the Chinese. He sends Navy SEALs to the island where survivors are being held and an American FA-18 Hornet to destroy the USS Seawolf which is being held in Canton harbor.
But after the daring mission, several high-ranking U.S. Navy personnel and several members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff resign when the president prevents his son from facing a court-martial for his part in the loss of the Seawolf. In an angry fit of revenge, the President uses his considerable influence to have the Seawolf's commander, court-martialed for not being on the bridge at the time of Linus' error. This causes Morgan to resign and destroys the president's credibility in the military, as well as destroying the president's ability to lead in a crisis situation. In a later novel, Robinson continues to build on the conflict between the discredited president and the military by further developing the character of Arnold Morgan.
The novel identifies the Type 094 as "Xia III-class." The Type 094 submarine does exist, but its NATO reporting name is "Jin-class." And a "Xia Class" submarine does exist, though only a single Xia Class boat was made. It is not known if this somewhat jumbled name is an error, or simply artistic license taken by the author since the Type-094 is an improved design based on the original Xia Class submarine (Type 092), although the Type 093 submarine is an attack submarine and not a missile submarine.
# Covalitoxin-II

Covalitoxin-II is a peptide toxin that is produced by the spider Coremiocnemis validus. It can induce excitatory, non-lethal behavioral symptoms like quivering and jerking in crickets.

## Sources

Covalitoxin-II (Cvtx-II) is a toxin in the venom of Coremiocnemis validus (Singapore or Blue femur tarantula). This spider lives in South East Asian tropical forests.

## Chemistry
### Structure

The toxin consists of 31 amino acids (ACSRAGENCYKSGRCCDGLYCKAYVVTCYKP). This sequence forms a peptide with a molecular weight of 3.4 kDa. It has six cysteine residues which form three disulphide bonds, between the specific amino acid locations 2&16, 19&21 and 15&28. There is an equal distribution of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and neutral amino acids. Near the C-terminus there is a positively charged surface formed by conserved basic residues, which is thought to interact with an ion channel. The inhibitor cystine knot motif that is formed by the cysteine residues shows analogy to other spider toxins and can also be found in ω-conotoxins, which are present in the venom of cone snails. It has low homology with two peptides:
* 47% homology with spider peptide PLTX-II (calcium channel blocker)
* 47% homology with conotoxin MrVIB (sodium channel blocker)

## Target and mechanism of action

The specific target and mechanism of action of Cvtx-II are not yet clear. Based on its effect on behavior, it has been speculated that Cvtx-II targets sodium channel inactivation, analogous to some excitotoxins.

## Toxicity

Cvtx-II induces the following non-lethal symptoms in crickets:
* Quivering, jerking, and hyperextension of the legs
* Rapid movement of antenna, mandibles and maxillae
* Abdominal contraction
* Frequent body arching
* Loss of righting reflex
* Greatly reduced locomotion
* Indications of paralysis
Experiments have shown that these symptoms are not in present in cockroaches or mice after Cvtx-II injections. Therefore, Cvtx-II is thought to be an insect species-specific neurotoxic peptide. A dose of 0.2 μmol/g was necessary to immobilize or inactivate 50% of the insects (ID50). After 40–60 minutes, the immobilizing effects disappear.
# Willie Simmons

Willie Simmons is the name of:
* Willie Lee Simmons (born 1947), American politician, former Mississippi state senator
* Willie Simmons (American football) (born 1980), American college football head coach and former player
* Willie Simmons (inmate) (born 1957), American sentenced to life without possibility of parole for stealing $9
* Willie Simmons (association football), member of the Bermuda national football team since 2016
* Willie Simmons (basketball), American who played in the Australian National Basketball League (1986–2003) - see 1988 NBL Finals
# Ton Strien

A.G.J. (Ton) Strien (born 23 March 1958 in Lopik) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Since 1 September 2007 he has been Mayor of Olst-Wijhe, succeeding Bert Hinnen. He has also been vice president and treasurer of the National Association CDA.
Previously he was a member of the provincial parliament of Utrecht, an alderman of Houten and also a member of the municipal council of this municipality.
Strien started his career as a civil servant.
# List of ambassadors of New Zealand to France

The ambassador from New Zealand to France is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of France, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in France.
The embassy is located at 103 rue de Grenelle in Paris, France's capital city. New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in France since 1957, and a resident Head of Mission since 1949. The ambassador to France is concurrently accredited to Portugal, Senegal and the OECD.
The permanent delegate to UNESCO is also accredited through the embassy in Paris; the head of mission to UNESCO is usually the deputy head of the mission to France. See: List of permanent delegates of New Zealand to UNESCO.

## List of heads of mission
### Ministers in France

* Jean McKenzie (1949–1956)
* Joseph Vivian Wilson (1956–1957)

### Ambassadors to France

* Joseph Vivian Wilson (1957–1960)
* C.E. Beeby (1960–1964)
* Charles Craw (1964–1965)
* Dick Hutchens (1965–1969)
* Owston Paul Gabites (1969–1975)
* John G. McArthur (1975–1979)
* John Scott (1979–1983)
* John G. McArthur (1983–1988)
* Judith Trotter (1988–1992)
* Chris Beeby (1992–1995)
* Richard Woods (1995–1999)
* Richard Grant (1999–2002)
* Adrian Macey (2002–2006)
* Sarah Dennis (2006-2010)
* Rosemary Banks (2010-2014)
* James Kember (2014-2017)
* Jane Coombs (2017-2022)
* Caroline Bilkey (2022-)
# Code of the Range

Code of the Range is a 1936 American western film directed by Charles C. Coleman and starring Charles Starrett, Mary Blake and Edward Coxen.

## Plot

A feud breaks out between cattle ranchers and sheepherders who dispute each other's grazing rights.

## Cast

* Charles Starrett as Lee Jamison
* Mary Blake as Janet Parker
* Edward Coxen as Angus McLeod
* Allan Cavan a s 'Calamity' Parker
* Albert J. Smith as Barney Ross
* Edward Peil Sr. as Sheriff
* Edmund Cobb as Ed Randall
* Edward LeSaint as Adams
* Ralph McCullough as Quigley
* George Chesebro as Henchman
* Art Mix as Henchman
# Tufveson House

The Tufveson House is a Queen Anne style house in Minot, North Dakota, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
The house was built in 1900. The builder of the home was Nils Tufveson, an immigrant from Sweden. Nils Tufveson was born at Eslöv in Skåne, Sweden. He was married to Kersti Olsdotter Tufveson who was born at Simrishamn in Skåne, Sweden. Tufveson was one of the early settlers of the Souris River Valley, arriving in the area by 1884.
# Tulia

Tulia may refer to:

## People

* Tulia Ackson (born 1976), Speaker of the National Assembly of Tanzania
* Tulia Ciámpoli (1915–1981), Argentine actress, dancer, and violinist
* Tulia Medina (born 1983), Colombian weightlifter

## Other

* Tulia (band), a Polish folk music group
* Tulia High School, a public high school located in Tulia, Texas
* Tulia, Texas, a city in, and county seat of, Swisher County, Texas
# Nyctopais

Nyctopais is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
* Nyctopais burgeoni Breuning, 1934
* Nyctopais jordani Aurivillius, 1913
* Nyctopais mysteriosus Thomson, 1858
* Nyctopais mysticus Jordan, 1894
# Cosmonaut Keep

Cosmonaut Keep is a science fiction novel by Scottish writer Ken MacLeod, published in 2000. It is the first book in the Engines of Light Trilogy, a 2001 nominee for the Arthur C. Clarke Award, and a 2002 Hugo Award Nominee for best novel.

## Reception

Publishers Weekly had mostly praise for the novel saying:
   MacLeod handles the strands of the plot deftly, weaving one beautifully realized world with the other and highlighting the parallels between the two. Rarely does a book demand so much of the reader and then deliver. Densely written with a remarkable depth of cultural texture, though occasionally confusing in its politics (which includes socialists, "Webblies" and libertarian capitalists), MacLeod's story is spoiled only by the false notes of two parallel love interests.

## Reference in other work

In Cosmonaut Keep, MacLeod makes fleeting reference to a future programmers' union called the "Information Workers of the World Wide Web", or the Webblies, a reference to the Industrial Workers of the World, who are nicknamed the Wobblies. The idea of the Webblies formed a central part of a later novel For the Win by Cory Doctorow, where it is given much greater prominence. MacLeod is acknowledged by Doctorow as coining the terms.
# Greg Fyffe

Greg Fyffe (born 3 April 1963) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Collingwood in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Fyffe was originally from amateur club West Brunswick. His only appearance for Collingwood came during the 1983 VFL season, in their round five loss to Hawthorn at Victoria Park, where he kicked two goals and three behinds, having a total of 14 disposals. Despite having tidy match stats against the eventual Premiers, Fyffe was not selected again for Collingwood which did surprise many.
He won the Diamond Valley Football League's Division Two best and fairest award in 1987, with playing for West Preston, which he captain-coached in 1990 and 1991. Later in the 1990s he moved to Brisbane, where he still lives.
# Luthersburg, Pennsylvania

Luthersburg is an unincorporated community in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located at the intersection of U.S. routes 219 and 322, and Pennsylvania Route 410, 5.1 miles (8.2 km) south-southeast of DuBois. Luthersburg has a post office, with ZIP code 15848.
The community was named for W. H. Luther, an early settler.
# Vietnam Open (golf)

The Vietnam Open was a professional golf tournament on the Asian Tour played in 1995 and 1997.
The inaugural tournament in 1995, played as the Gadgil Western Vietnam Open, was the first professional golf event in Vietnam.

## Winners

| Year | Winner | Score | To par | Margin of victory | Runner-up |
| Vietnam Open ||||||
| 1997 | Andrew Bonhomme | 273 | −15 | 1 stroke | Chang Tse-peng |
| Gadgil Western Vietnam Open ||||||
| 1996: No tournament ||||||
| 1995 | Clay Devers | 273 | −15 | 1 stroke | Boonchu Ruangkit |
Source:
# List of ambassadors of New Zealand to China

The Ambassador from New Zealand to China is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in China, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in China.
The embassy is located in Beijing, China's capital city. New Zealand has maintained a resident ambassador in China since 1973. The Ambassador to China is concurrently accredited to Mongolia.

## List of heads of mission
### Ambassadors to China

* Bryce Harland (1973–1976)
* Richard Atkins (1976–1979)
* Harle Freeman-Greene (1979–1982)
* Francis Anthony Small (1982–1985)
* Lindsay Johnstone Watt (1985–1990)
* Michael Powles (1990–1993)
* Christopher Elder (1993–1998)
* Peter Adams (1998–2001)
* John McKinnon (2001–2004)
* Tony Browne (2004–2009)
* Carl Worker (2009–2015)
* John McKinnon (January 2015 – 2017)
* Clare Fearnley (2017–2022)
* Grahame Morton (2022–present)
# Toshiaki Kamata

Toshiaki Kamata (鎌田 俊明, Kamata Toshiaki, born 3 November 1951) is a Japanese long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
# Tufuga Fatu

Tauaanae Tufuga Fatuatia (5 February 1914 – 5 December 1981) was a Western Samoan chief and politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from 1954 until 1964, and as Minister for Health from 1961 to 1964.

## Biography

Born in 1914, Fatu attended Avele College and became a schoolteacher. He was conferred with the Tufuga title in the 1930s, and was involved in the Methodist church, chairing its lands development board, also serving as a director of the Development Bank of Western Samoa.
A member of the Fono of Faipule, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly from the Vaisigano constituency in 1954. He was re-elected in 1957 elections and was a member of the 1960 Constitutional Convention and a signatory of the independence constitution. He was re-elected again in 1961, after which he was appointed Minister for Health. However, he lost his seat in the 1964 elections. He unsuccessfully contested the constitutuency again in 1970 and 1976.
In 1981 he was elected to the executive committee of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. However, he died in December the same year at the age of 67.
# Compressometer

A compressometer is a device used to determine the strain or deformation of a specimen while measuring the compressive strength of concrete specimens, generally a cylinder. It can be used for rock, concrete, soils, and other materials. For concrete, the device usually comprises two steel rings for clamping to the specimen and two gauge length bars attached to the ring. When the compressive load is applied, the strain value is registered from the compressometer. Generally, a data logger is used to record the strain.
The stress strain curve is then used to determine the static Young's modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of concrete. ASTM C469 describes about the instrument.
# Francis W. Pennell

Francis Whittier Pennell (4 August 1886 – 3 February 1952) was an American botanist best known for his studies of the Scrophulariaceae. Employed by the New York Botanical Garden and then by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, he carried out botanical research in both North America and South America.

## Life

Pennell was born to a Quaker family on their farm near Wawa, Pennsylvania. Considered delicate by his family, he was excused from farm chores, which engendered in him a lifelong fear of water and incapacity with mechanical devices. Pennell was educated at Westtown School and then at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received a B.S. in 1911 and a Ph.D. in 1913. Encouraged by John M. Macfarlane, the head of the botany department, Pennell wrote his doctoral thesis on the Scrophulariaceae (as then circumscribed), a group on which he was to become a world authority.
From 1914 to 1921, Pennell was a member of the staff at the New York Botanical Garden.
In 1921, Pennell became Curator of Plants at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Undeterred by his phobias, Pennell engaged in a series of field researches on North American Scrophulariaceae, publishing an important monograph, The Scrophulariaceae of Eastern Temperate North America, in 1935.
Pennell died of a heart attack while attending Quaker Meeting in Media, Pennsylvania in 1952. He was survived by his wife, Anne, and one son.
In 1917, botanist Nieuwl. published Pennellia, a genus of flowering plants from America and South America, belonging to the family Brassicaceae and named in honour of Pennell. Then in 1970, botanist Crosswh. published Pennellianthus, a monotypic genus of flowering plants from Russia and Japan, belonging to the family Plantaginaceae and also named in honour of Pennell.
# Coupeville grain wharf

The Coupeville grain wharf is a wharf built in 1905 in Coupeville, Washington. It was formerly used for exporting grain produced on Whidbey Island. It is a contributing property to the Central Whidbey Island Historic District, registered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
# Ecnomiomorpha nigrivelata

Ecnomiomorpha nigrivelata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Panama.
# Open Rionegro

The Open Rionegro is a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It is currently part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It was first held in Medellín, Colombia in 2023.

## Past finals
### Singles

| Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
| 2023 | Patrick Kypson | Benjamin Lock | 6–3, 6–3 |

### Doubles

| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
| 2023 | Juan Sebastián Gómez Andrés Urrea | Orlando Luz Oleg Prihodko | 6–3, 7–6$^{(12–10)}$ |
# Cicindela plutonica

Cicindela plutonica, the alpine tiger beetle, is a species of tiger beetle in the genus Cicindela. It is native to Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, and California.

## Taxonomy

Cicindela plutonica contains the following subspecies:
* Cicindela plutonica plutonica
* Cicindela plutonica leachi
# Tope Nawabganj

Tope Nawabganj is an Indian village in Araria district, Bihar.
# Jean-Michel Thierry

Jean-Michel Thierry de Crussol (1916–2011) was a French physician and art historian. His specialities are in Byzantine and Armenian art.
He was born on 13 August 1916 in Bagnères de Luchon, France. He studied and got his education in Paris. He co-wrote the book Armenian Art in 1989 and also wrote many articles concerning Armenian art, especially Armenian architecture.

## Works

* Thierry, Jean-Michel (1989). Armenian Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-0625-2.
* Thierry de Crussol, Jean-Michel (2000). L'Arménie au Moyen-Âge [Armenia in the Middle Ages]. Les Formes de la nuit (in French). Éditions Zodiaque. ISBN 2-7369-0268-8.
* Thierry de Crussol, Jean-Michel (2005). Monuments arméniens de Haute-Arménie [Armenian Monuments in Upper Armenia]. Les Formes de la nuit (in French). Paris: CNRS Éditions. ISBN 2-271-06187-3.
* Eglises et couvents du Karabagh
* Monuments arméniens du Vaspurakan
* Les Arts arméniens
* Le Couvent arménien d'Horomos
* La Cathédrale des Saints-Apôtres de Kars, 930-943
# Tranquilino

Tranquilino is a masculine given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Tranquilino de Bonilla y Herdocia (1797–1864), Costa Rican politician
* Tranquilino Garcete (1907–?), Paraguayan footballer
* Tranquilino Luna (1849–1892), American politician
* Tranquilino Berrios (1918-2007), Puerto Rican procer
# Dolichostemon

Dolichostemon verticillatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is the sole species in genus Dolichostemon. It is endemic to southern Vietnam.
# Compressive stress

Compressive stresses are generated in objects when they are subjected to forces that push inward, causing the material to shorten or compress. These stresses occur when an object is squeezed or pressed from opposite directions. In everyday life, compressive stresses are common in many structures and materials. For instance, the weight of a building creates compressive stresses in its walls and foundations. Similarly, when a person stands, the bones in their legs experience compressive stresses due to the weight of the body pushing down. Compressive stresses can lead to deformation if they are strong enough, potentially causing the object to change shape or, in extreme cases, to break. The ability of a material to withstand compressive stresses without failing is known as its compressive strength.
When an object is subjected to a force in a single direction (referred to as a uniaxial compression), the compressive stress is determined by dividing the applied force by the cross-sectional area of the object. Consequently, compressive stress is expressed in units of force per unit area.
Thus, the formula for compressive stress is,$\sigma =-(F/A)$Where:
σ is the compressive stress,
F is the force applied on the object, and
A is its cross-sectional area.
As shown in the formula above, compressive stress is typically represented by negative values to indicate that there is compression of an object, however, in geotechnical engineering compressive stress is conventionally represented by positive values.
Failure of a loaded object occurs when the compressive stress reaches or exceeds its compressive strength. However, in long slender elements, such as columns or truss bars, it can occur at a lower stress because of buckling.
# Francis W. Rockwell

Francis W. Rockwell may refer to:
* Francis W. Rockwell (politician)
* Francis W. Rockwell (admiral)