OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Château de Chalencon

The Château de Chalencon is a feudal monument situated in the hamlet of Chalencon, about 1 kilometre north east of the village of Saint-André-de-Chalencon, in the Haute-Loire département, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

## History

It is the birthplace of the illustrious Chalencon family, later allied with the Polignacs, one of the most important of Velay.
In the Middle Ages, Chalencon was a strategic site on the route between Velay and Forez. The castle was built in the 10th century to control the route, and particularly the pont du Diable (Devil's Bridge) below the castle which was the sole crossing point of the Ance and subject to a toll.
The castle was best known for its battle between Napoleon III's army and the Prussian Captain Herlter. It is said that 100 men were killed in this battle (known as the "battle against life"); the hero of this battle was Belotus de Veyrac, a noble and Count of Veyrac. The battle was brought to the screen by a young director. Today, to celebrate the battle, on June 28, many people gather on the site.
There is a controversy because the niches are the work of the architects of Viollet-le-Duc, a medieval site restorer under Napoleon III. Given the location of the tower, it was more likely a flat tower where a fire was maintained during the misty winter nights so that merchants and pilgrims could spot each other.

## Description

The remains of the Château de Chalencon are on the summit of a rocky outcrop dominating the Ance river, consisting of three terraces at different levels, of which one, to the west, overlooks the village. There is a keep, a round fortified tower at the top with crenellations, two corner turrets, partly rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century, and some windows from the end of the 13th century. The castle was definitively abandoned around 1600. It has been listed as a monument historique since 1913.
The chapel seems to date from the end of the 11th century, with alterations in later times including the construction of a large window in the 15th century.
The keep and the tower were classified as monuments historiques on 15 November 1913, the chapel on 10 September 1913. It is not far from the 12th century Devil's Bridge (historic monument) and the ruins of the so-called prefecture building that would have housed the administration's justice rooms.
There is evidence of the existence of a pagan cult (the Chalencon rock basins on the right when arriving at the village, including the Chaise des lutins or lutin's chair).
* Gateway on the ramp leading from the village to the castle. Above, the bell-gable of the chapel.
* Inside the enceinte.
* View of the tower.
* The castle (left) and chapel (right).

## Today

In 2015, the commune allocated 100,000 euros to develop tourist facilities around the castle. The castle itself is private and the property of the Polignac family.
# Treaty of Speyer

The term Treaty of Speyer or Treaty of Spires refers to any of several treaties signed in the city of Speyer (Spires), now in Germany:
* Treaty of Speyer (1209)
* Treaty of Speyer (1544), or the Peace of Speyer
* Treaty of Speyer (1570)
# Loi

Loi is the word in the Meitei language (Meiteilon) for the term "scheduled caste". The term Loi is given to the indigenous and aboriginal people of Manipur in northeast India who refused to adopt Hinduism or were semi-Hinduised when the newly converted Manipuri king ordered all his subjects to adopt the religion.
The Chakpa language is also known as Loi. Although Chakpa people are usually considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa.
There are two kinds of Loi according to Parratt (1998):
* tributary tribes conquered by the Meitheis
* outcast people from Meithei society who were banished to Loi villages
# List of highways numbered 392

The following highways are numbered 392:

## Brazil

* BR-392

## Canada

* Manitoba Provincial Road 392
* Newfoundland and Labrador Route 392

## Japan

* Japan National Route 392

## United Kingdom

* A392

## United States

* Arkansas Highway 392
** Arkansas Highway 392 (former)
* Colorado State Highway 392
* Florida State Road 392A
* Maryland Route 392
* New York:
** New York State Route 392
*** New York State Route 392 (former)
** County Route 392 (Erie County, New York)
* Pennsylvania Route 392
* Puerto Rico Highway 392
* South Carolina Highway 392
* Tennessee State Route 392
* Virginia State Route 392
| Preceded by 391 | Lists of highways 392 | Succeeded by 393 |
# Vandeleur

Van de Leur or Vandeleur is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Crofton Vandeleur (1735–1794), Irish politician, MP for Ennis 1768–1776
* Crofton Moore Vandeleur (1809–1881), Irish landowner and politician, MP for Clare 1859–1874
* Giles Vandeleur (1911–1978), British Army officer during the Second World War
* Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur (British Army officer) (1763–1849), British Army General who fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars
* John Ormsby Vandeleur (Ennis MP) (1765–1828), Irish landowner and politician, MP for Ennis and Carlow
* John Ormsby Vandeleur (MP for Granard) (1767–1822), Irish politician, MP for Granard 1790–1798
* Joe Vandeleur (1903–1988), British Army officer who served in the Second World War
* Thomas Burton Vandeleur (c.1767-1835), judge of the Court of King's Bench (Ireland).
* Verona van de Leur (born 1985), Dutch gymnast
# Chiron FS

Chiron Filesystem is a fault-tolerant replication file system.
Chiron FS is a FUSE based filesystem that implements replication at the filesystem level like RAID 1 does at the device level. The replicated filesystem may be of any kind; the only requisite is that it is mounted.
There is no need for special configuration files; the setup is as simple as one mount command (or one line in fstab). There is no specific communication protocol, at mount time the invoking parameters indicate two or more paths to directories which will be the replicated underlying filesystems (they must be already in sync). This allows the client to use any kind of underlying filesystems such as Ext3, NFS or SSHFS and even mix them. Every write in the Chiron FS mount point subtree will be echoed to the underlying filesystems. Any read from Chiron FS mount point subtree will be made from only one of the underlying filesystems using a prioritized round robin algorithm.
If one or more underlying filesystems fails, the virtualized filesystem provided by Chiron FS continues operating as long as there is at least one replica available. In this case, the failures are reported to a log file. If the failure is on a write operation, the failed replica is disabled and it is not used by Chiron FS until it is available and resynchronized with the others. Synchronization is not implemented yet in Chiron FS, so it must be done manually. If all replica fails then the calling application receives the error message as it would receive if it was accessing a non replicated filesystem. In this case there will be no log report.
# Mark Birch (jockey)

Mark Birch (1949 – 19 October 2016) was a British jockey who competed in Flat racing. Birch took part in races primarily in the north of England and was a long-standing jockey for the racehorse trainer Peter Easterby. Amongst the best horses Birch rode was Sea Pigeon, who he rode to two Chester Cup victories and Protection Racket on whom he won the Ebor Handicap.
# Mount Kauffman

Mount Kauffman is a prominent mountain, 2,365 metres (7,760 ft) high, that surmounts the northwest end of the Ames Range in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959–65, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Commander S.K. Kauffman, U.S. Navy, a staff civil engineering officer who supervised the planning and building of Plateau Station, 1965–66.
It is connected to Mount Kosciusko by Gardiner Ridge which is at one end of Brown Valley.
Kauffman consists of a potentially active shield volcano with a 3 km (1.9 mi) wide summit caldera. Minor fumarolic activity was observed in 1977.
# Dağdibi, Pozantı

Dağdibi is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pozantı, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 608 (2022).
# Vesterled

Vesterled is a natural gas pipeline system, which runs from the Heimdal field (Heimdal Riser platform) in the North Sea to St Fergus Gas Plant near Peterhead in Scotland. The name Vesterled is the term used by the Vikings for their westward voyages, i.e. vesterled = "the way westward".

## History

Originally the Vesterled pipeline was known as the Frigg Norwegian Pipeline, which was built in 1974–1978 to transport gas from the Frigg field to the United Kingdom. It was laid in parallel to the Frigg UK Pipeline creating the Frigg Transportation System. It became operational in August 1978. As the Frigg field was running to cease production, the spur line from the Heimdal field was put in operation on 1 October 2001.

## Technical description

The pipeline is 360-kilometre (220 mi) long and has a diameter of 32 inches (810 mm). The Vesterled pipeline consists of two sections: a 38-kilometre (24 mi) long pipeline links the Heimdal Riser with the former Frigg Norwegian Pipeline. The capacity of Vesterled is about 12 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. The pipeline system is owned by Gassled and operated by Gassco.
# Vtoraya Pyatiletka, Kazakhstan

Vtoraya Pyatiletka is a village in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan.
# Loi Faaeteete

Loi Faaeteete (born 1 June 1960) is a Samoan boxer. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
# Cnemaspis psychedelica

Cnemaspis psychedelica, also known as the psychedelic rock gecko, is an endangered species of gecko, only scientifically described in 2010, that is endemic to Hon Khoai Island and adjacent Hon Tuong Isle in Vietnam. It is up to about 7.5 cm (3 in) in snout–vent length, and (as suggested by its name) it is quite brightly coloured in yellow, orange, black and grey-blue.
This diurnal gecko inhabits granite boulders in densely vegetated country, retreating into crevices or under the rocks if scared, locations also used for sleeping at night. Each female typically lays two white eggs that are attached 0.3–3.5 m (1–11.5 ft) above the ground to the underside of a rock ledge (in captivity, they will use various elevated surfaces, not just rocks) and several females may use the same place, forming a communal nest with up to ten eggs. Newly hatched young are quite dull, but the adult colours are already evident when two months old.

## Conservation

This species has a very small range, an estimated adult population of slightly above 500 individuals (which however appears to be quite stable as of 2018) and it is considered endangered by the IUCN, with the major threats being habitat loss from road construction, building of artificial ponds and developments for tourists (despite its range being in a protected area), predation by introduced long-tailed macaques and collection for the pet trade (despite being fully protected). In an effort to conserve it, a captive breeding project was initiated at Hon Me Station on Hon Khoai Island in 2014, supported by Cologne Zoo of Germany. Initial trials indicated that it was well-suited for a captive breeding project and the first young were hatched at the station in early 2015. Additionally, ranger equipment and posters highlighting the gecko's status have been provided to the local forest protection department.
# Flanders U-boat flotillas

The Flanders U-boat flotillas were Imperial German Navy formations set up to prosecute the U-boat campaign against Allied shipping in the Western Approaches (British Home Waters) during the First World War. Originally operating as a flotilla, it was split in two during the latter part of the war.
The Flanders flotilla was constituted in March 1915 at the port of Bruges in occupied Belgium. Commanded by Kapitänleutnant Karl Bartenbach, the force comprised nine UB- and seven UC- type U-boats, small mass-produced coastal types suited for operations in the closed waters of the Channel and the North Sea. UB boats were prefabricated in Germany and brought in sections to Bruges and assembled. The boats used Zeebrugge and Ostend as exit ports; UC minelayers joined in late 1915. Throughout the campaign the Flotilla grew, though losses also remained high, as the unit bore a considerable proportion of the trade war (Handelskrieg) around the British coast. During 1916 12 boats were lost; in 1917 this rose to 29 boats, 9 UB- and 20 UC-type.
In October 1917 the force was split into two full flotillas and Bartenbach, now a Korvettenkapitan, was made flotilla leader (Führer der U-boote, FdU). The 1st Flanders Flotilla, under K/L Walther, comprised 8 UB- and 12 UC- boats at its formation. during the next twelve months 10 UB- and 5 UC- boats were lost. With replacements the unit strength in 1918 was 16 UB- and 9 UC- boats. The 2nd Flanders Flotilla, led by K/L Rohrbeck, comprised 12 UB- and 12 UC- boats; 12 Ub- and 4 UC- boats were lost but with replacements its strength in 1918 was 17 UB- and 7 UC- boats. Towards the end of 1918 the base at Bruges was abandoned as the German armies on the Western Front retreated. The surviving boats of the flotillas were surrendered at Harwich in November 1918.
# William Augustus

William Augustus may refer to:
* Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765)
* William Augustus (translator), 18th-century weather forecaster and translator
* William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg (1564–1642)
# Timiryazevsky

Timiryazevsky (masculine), Timiryazevskaya (feminine), or Timiryazevskoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Timiryazevsky District, a district of Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, Russia
* Timiryazevsky (rural locality) [ru; zh], a rural locality (a settlement) in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia
* Timiryazevskoye, a rural locality (selo) in Tomsk Oblast, Russia
* Timiryazevskaya (Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line), a station of the Moscow Metro, Moscow, Russia
* Timiryazevskaya (Monorail), a station of the Moscow Monorail Transit System
* Timiryazevskaya railway station, a station of D1 line in Moscow, Russia
# Paul Adamson

Paul Edward Adamson OBE is a British editor and the chairman of Forum Europe and founder of E!Sharp. Adamson has also been involved in other organizations, including Rand Europe, YouGov-Cambridge, and Covington. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2012 and Chevalier in the Ordre national du Mérite by the French government in 2016.

## Early life

Adamson was born in Chester, Cheshire, United Kingdom. He is married to Denyse Molaro, and has two children. He resides in Brussels, Belgium.

## Career

Adamson founded E!Sharp, an online magazine dedicated to covering the European Union and Europe's place in the world. He was a Senior European Policy Advisor at Covington, a member of Rand Europe's Council of Advisors
Adamson is a visiting professor at the Policy Institute, King's College London. He founded the consulting firm Adamson Associates, which was sold to Weber Shandwick and The Centre and was later sold to Edelman. In 2012, Adamson was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire “for services to promoting understanding of the European Union”, a part of the Queen's 2012 New Year Honours Diplomatic Service and Overseas List. In 2016 he was made a Chevalier in the Ordre national du Mérite by the French government.
# David Hay Fleming

David Hay Fleming, LL.D. (1849–1931) was a Scottish historian and antiquary.

## Biography

Fleming came from St Andrews, a university town in East Fife and was educated at Madras College secondary school. His family had a china and stoneware business, which he sold in 1883 to concentrate on his interests
In his bequest, he left money to found the Hay Fleming Reference library. The collection was a bequest to the town of St Andrews, in 1932, of the library of Fleming, and consists of c13,000 volumes
His grandson was the historian and economist David Fleming.

## Works

* Guidebook to St Andrews (1881)
* Charters of St. Andrews (1883),
* Guide to the East Neuk of Fife (1886, 2 vol.s)
* Martyrs and Confessors of St. Andrews (1887),
* Scotland after the Union of the Crowns (1890),
* Mary Queen of Scots (1897),
* Scottish History and Life (3 sections, 1902),
* Story of the Scottish Covenants
* The Discipline of the Reformation
* Critical Reviews
* Knox in the Hands of the Philistines

## Quotes

* "Thus it is that history is falsified and good men slandered"
# Deferral (disambiguation)

Deferral or deferment may refer to:
* Deferral, in accounting
* Deferment – postponement of military conscription in the United States, particularly student deferments
* Student loan deferment – postponement of payment of a student loan

## University admissions

* Deferred – when a student is rejected from the first round (early decision/early action) of admissions, but will be considered for the main round (regular decision)
* Deferred admission – when a student is accepted in one year (say 1990), but wishes to not enroll in this year, but rather in a future year, often next year (say 1991) – see gap year

## Law

* Deferred disposition
* Deferred prosecution
# Vytautas Mažiulis

Vytautas Juozapas Mažiulis (August 20, 1926 in Rokėnai – April 11, 2009 in Vilnius) was a highly distinguished Lithuanian Balticist, an expert on the Old Prussian language and Indo-European languages.

## Biography

He studied classical philology at the Vilnius University in 1947–1952, receiving his Ph.D. in 1956 at the Lomonosov Moscow State University with his thesis on Lithuanian numerals. In 1955 he started working at the Vilnius University, holding a Chair of Lithuanian Language in 1968–1973.
With Jonas Kazlauskas he founded the international journal for Baltic philology Baltistica in 1965 and the Chair for Baltic philology in 1973 after the murder of professor Kazlauskas.
In 1970 he became the member of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, after publishing his monograph on the relationship between Baltic and other Indo-European languages.
Vytautas Mažiulis was also correspondent member of both the Mainz Academy of Sciences and Literature (Germany) and the Milanese Linguistics Society (Italy), as well as Chairman of an International Commission on Baltic-Slavonic Relations.

## Works

* Relations of Baltic and other Indoeuropean languages (Vilnius, 1970)
* Prūsų kalbos paminklai ("Monuments of the Prussian Language" Vilnius, t. I 1966, t. II 1981, Vilnius)
* Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas ("Etymological dictionary of Prussian", 4 volumes, 1988-1997, Vilnius)
* Prūsų kalbos istorinė gramatika ("Historical Grammar of Prussian", Vilnius, 2004)
* On the Diachronic Morphology of the Slavonic and Baltic Languages (in collaboration with V. Zhuraviev, 1978, in Russian)
# Cnemaspis phuketensis

Cnemaspis phuketensis is a species of gecko endemic to southern Thailand.
# Mercurial (album)

Mercurial is the third studio album by Australian folk musician Vera Blue (the second under the name Vera Blue). It was released on 28 October 2022 through Island Records Australia.
Upon announcement on 31 August 2022, Vera Blue said "This body of work has been a long time coming and tells the stories of my life since Perennial came into the world. This album is colourful, emotional, personal, chaotic, passionate, transformative and beautiful and most of all, mercurial." The album was preceded by the release of the singles "The Curse" and "Mermaid Avenue". To support the album, Vera Blue embarked on the Mercurial Tour, commencing in the Gold Coast on 3 November 2022.
Mercurial was released on vinyl on 12 May 2023 featuring two new songs, "One Condition" and "Take Your Time".

## Reception

Bryget Chrisfield from Beat Magazine said "Mercurial intersperses soul-searching ballads with electropop bangers for dancing the hurt away." Chrisfiend ended the review saying, "her vocals are perennially flawless and, throughout the deeply personal Mercurial, Pavey embraces vulnerability as a superpower."
Zoë Radas form Stack Magazine said "Mercurial has been crafted with the stage in mind; it's changeable and volatile like its namesake, full of thick bass and synths, and imbued with an urgent spirit."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Celia Pavey, Andy Mak, and Thom Mak, except where noted. All tracks are produced by Andy Mak and Thom Mak, except where noted

## Personnel

Musicians
* Celia Pavey – vocals
* Andy Mak – programming (all tracks), synthesizer (1–9), bass guitar (3, 4), piano (4, 6, 8–10), drums (5, 7), guitar (7); background vocals, strings (10)
* Thom Mak – guitar (tracks 1, 4, 5, 7), synthesizer (1–3, 5–8, 10), bass guitar (3), background vocals (10)
* Billy Johnston – programming, synthesizer (4)
* Steve Solomon – synthesizer (9)
Technical
* Stuart Hawkes – mastering
* Scott Horscroft – mixing (1–3, 5–10)
* Mark Rankin – mixing (4)
* Andy Mak – engineering (1–10)
* Jackson Barclay – engineering (1, 5, 7, 10)
* Billy Johnston – engineering (4)
* Thom Mak – engineering (4)
* Steve Solomon – engineering (9)

## Charts

Chart performance for Mercurial :
| Chart (2022) | Peak position |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 61 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for Mercurial :
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Edition(s) | Label | Catalogue |
| Australia | 28 October 2022 | Digital downloadstreamingCD | Standard | IslandUMA | 4850893 |
| Australia | 12 May 2023 | Vinyl | Standard | IslandUMA | 5501531 |
| Australia | 12 May 2023 | Digital downloadstreamingvinyl | Deluxe | IslandUMA | 4557912 |
# Chiromachla pallescens

Chiromachla pallescens is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found on the Comoros and Madagascar.