OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholicon (electuary)

In pre-modern medicine, catholicon was a soft electuary, so called as being supposedly universal in its curative and prophylactic abilities (see panacea); or a purger of all humours.

## Example recipes

Different authors have given different recipes for catholicon. That called Catholicon Nicholai was the most common in use; it consisted of sixteen ingredients, the chief being tamarinds, cassia, senna, and rhubarb. It was said to be double (catholicon duplicatum or duplex) when there was a double portion of senna and rhubarb. The catholicon for clysters, which was injected into the rectum, only differed from this in that it had no rhubarb, and that honey was used instead of sugar when mixing the drug with water in forming the electuary.
An example recipe for catholicon duplicatum follows:
   The Double Catholicon of Nicolai, or Compound Electuary of Rhubarb, prepared by simmering over a slow fire half a pound of polypody root; 2 ounces of succory root; 1 ounce of liquorice root; 3 ounces of the leaves of agrimony and spleen wort; 6 pounds of water till reduced two-thirds; then add 6 drachms [3/4 ounce] of fennel-seeds, strain and add 4 pounds of sugar, boil to the consistence of syrup, and add 4 ounces each of extract of cassia and pulp of tamarinds. Then add by degrees 4 ounces each of powdered rhubarb and senna leaves, 1 ounce of liquorice root, 2 ounces of seeds of violet, 1 ounce of the four cold seeds [pumpkin, gourd, melon, cucumber], half an ounce of fennel-seeds, and mix and form an electuary. It is too troublesome in the preparation to be much used. Without the rhubarb, and with honey instead of sugar, it forms a good enema.
Spirit of Mindererus, a solution of ammonium acetate in alcohol, was also considered a catholicon among pre-modern surgeons.

## Women

The term catholicon also specifically referred to remedies for women. For example, aurum vitae, or the gold of life, was a panacean catholicon used in the mid-18th century and later. It consisted of gold and corrosive sublimate.

## Decline

By the 19th century, catholicons had fallen into disuse.

## Quotations

   Death is the cure of all diseases. There is no catholicon or universal remedy I know, but this, which though nauseous to queasy stomachs, yet to prepared appetites is nectar, and a pleasant potion of immortality.
   Besides, on the said date, a good cleaning clyster, composed of double catholicon, rhubarb, with honey of roses, and other ingredients, according to prescription, to scour, wash and clean the lower abdomen of Mr. Argan, thirty sols.
# Shift4Shop

Shift4Shop (formerly 3dcart) is a technology company that develops e-commerce software for businesses. The company was founded in 1997 with headquarters in Tamarac, FL. Shift4Shop develops electronic commerce application for online stores and retail point-of-sale systems.

## History

3dcart was founded by developer and architect Gonzalo Gil as Infomart 2000, and development started in Tamarac, Florida in 1997. 3dcart was released to the public in 2001. 3dcart platform was created to maximize opportunities for retailers, and manufacturers. 3dcart was 100% bootstrapped, until Jan 2010, when it closed $1.25 million in funding. It saw major growth, when it was announced as the preferred ecommerce solutions for fulfillment by Amazon. In March 2017, the company announced partnership with Square Inc. to integrate and accept credit card payments through its platform. In July 2020, 3dcart partners with Smartarget to integrate messaging apps, such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger.
In November 2020, Shift4 Payments acquired 3dcart and renamed the entity Shift4Shop.

## Product

Shift4Shop is a cloud-based e-commerce application to create an online retail store, utilizing Microsoft .NET 4.5 and other technologies, including AngularJS, Elasticsearch, Lucene and Entity Framework 6. The Shift4Shop e-commerce platform has a user interface that features administrative e-commerce tools, which clients can use to manage their online stores. It APIs for storefront as well as multiple shipping and payment interfaces, such as FedEx, UPS and USPS. 3dcart integrates 2checkout, Stripe, Solidcommerce, api2cart and other providers in its payment system.

## Business Model

Shift4Shop is offered as a SaaS model with monthly subscription fees. The company offers a trial, different subscription plans and charge additional fees for premium services.

## Reception

PCMag describes the platform as "clean, simple, and easy-to-use." The service was profiled in several publications including Ecommerce Platforms, GetApp, and Gazette Review.
# Shinuy

In Halakha, a shinuy (Hebrew: שינוי‎, with variant English spellings) is an unconventional method of performing an act that is normally forbidden when there may be justification for performing such an act, for example, when there is a medical need. A shinuy is generally performed when there is not complete danger to life, but a lesser danger, such as to limb.
A shinuy transforms an act from one that is biblically forbidden to one that is rabbinically prohibited, thereby making it less of an offense. This can be done by performing the act in a manner that makes it more difficult or less practical.
Examples of a shinuy could be knocking a phone off the hook with one's elbow or pressing the buttons with one's knuckles.
# Chapelle-Royale

Chapelle-Royale (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Chapelle-Guillaume

Chapelle-Guillaume (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.
# Charles Fielding (1863–1941)

Sir Charles William Fielding, KBE (4 October 1863 – 9 April 1941) was a British businessman, landowner, farmer, writer and civil servant.
Born on 4 October 1863, he was the only son of Thomas Mantell Fielding (1834–1914) and Jean Eleanora, née Ewing (died 1898). A direct male line descendant of the novelist Henry Fielding and the aristocrat George Feilding, 1st Earl of Desmond, he was the owner of 3,000 acres of land in Sussex, half of which were farmed. He was a keen advocate for supporting the domestic production of food. He was also a director of the Rio Tinto Company (serving as chairman later in life).
During the First World War, that company supplied pyrites to the Allies at discounted prices. Fielding assisted the wartime government as a member of the Board of Trade's non-ferrous metals committee, as a member of the Restriction of Imports Committee, as a member of the council of the Ministry of Reconstruction and, from 1917, as chairman of the Materials and Metals Economy Committee of the Ministry of Munitions. Having also served on the Committee on the Production of Food in 1915, he was appointed Director-General of Food Production at the Ministry of Food in 1918, serving until 1919. For his war services, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in June 1917.
Afterwards, he remained interested in agricultural policy, writing Food (1923), Prosperity for England (1928) and Permanent Prosperity for Britain and Profitable Work for All Unemployed (1934). He died on 9 April 1941 at Ingfield Manor in Billingshurst.
# Manisha Girotra

Manisha Girotra (born 1969) is an Indian business executive. She Girotra is Chief Executive Officer of Moelis India.
Girotra is a graduate of the Delhi School of Economics. She is the country head of India for Moelis & Company.(CEO Of India)
Girotra was most recently CEO and Country Head of UBS in India managing its investment bank, commercial bank, markets, equity research and wealth management divisions. Previously, Girotra was Head – North India of Barclays Bank. Girotra began her investment banking career in London in the corporate bank at ANZ Grindlays. Girotra has appeared in Business Today's “25 Most Powerful Women in Business in India” for the past five years as well as Fortune India's “50 Most Powerful Women in Business” in 2014. Girotra holds a degree from St. Stephen's College, Delhi and received a gold medal for her master's degree from the Delhi School of Economics.
# Manitouwadge Airport

Manitouwadge Airport (IATA: YMG, ICAO: CYMG) is located 2.8 nautical miles (5.2 km; 3.2 mi) southwest of Manitouwadge, Ontario, Canada.
# Manitou–Morden

Manitou—Morden is a former provincial electoral division in Manitoba, Canada. It was established for the 1949 provincial election by combining parts of Manitou and Morden-Rhineland, and eliminated by redistribution before the 1958 election. Manitou—Morden was located in the south of the province, and included the community of Morden.
The constituency had two representatives in its nine-year history. The first was Hugh Morrison, who was elected in 1949 as an independent Progressive Conservative opposing Manitoba's coalition government of Liberal-Progressives, Progressive Conservatives and independents. The Progressive Conservatives left the governing coalition in 1950, and Morrison served with the official party caucus in the legislature after this time. He died in 1957, and was succeeded in a by-election by Maurice Ridley. Following redistribution, Ridley was re-elected in Pembina in 1958.

## Provincial representatives

| Name | Party | Took office | Left office |
| Hugh Morrison | Independent Progressive Conservative | 1949 | 1950 |
| Hugh Morrison | Progressive Conservative | 1950 | 1957 |
| Maurice Ridley | Progressive Conservative | 1957 | 1958 |
# Charbonnages de France

Charbonnages de France was a French enterprise created in 1946, as a result of the nationalization of the private mining companies. It was disbanded in 2007.
# Charbonneau, North Dakota

Charbonneau is a ghost town in northwestern McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. It was abandoned when the post office was closed in the 1960s.
The town is approximately halfway between Alexander and Cartwright.
# Mannagettaea

Mannagettaea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. It is a holoparasitic plant.
It is native to southern Siberia (within Irkutsk Oblast and Tuva) and also northern China (in Qinghai).
The genus name of Mannagettaea is in honour of Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau (1856–1931), a prominent Austrian botanist. It was first described and published in Acta Horti Gothob. Vol.8 on page 135 in 1933.
Known species, according to Kew;
* Mannagettaea hummelii Harry Sm.
* Mannagettaea labiata Harry Sm.
# Mannahouse Christian Academy (disambiguation)

Mannahouse Christian Academy may refer to:
* Mannahouse Christian Academy
* Mannahouse Christian Academy (Eugene, Oregon)
# Charles Fossey

Charles Fossey (29 July 1869 – 27 November 1946) was a French assyriologist. In education he was a follower and colleague of Émile Durkheim.
Living at the turn of the century, he made a significant contribution to Assyriology and studied the magic of Jerusalem. His work and contribution to science has remained unnoticed only because of the socio-political situation of the time.
Charles Fosse Fossey was primarily an archaeologist. He organised a number of expeditions to the Middle East.
Fosse was a disciple of the famous French sociologist Émile Durkheim, which was reflected in the methodical side of his research in the field of social relations in Mesopotamia.
Charles Fossey had no high-profile titles or honours: his whole life was dedicated to his one passion, Assyriology.
Nevertheless, he held the following positions:
* Member of the French school in Athens (1894-1897).
* Member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology in Cairo (1897-1899).
* Professor of Philosophy and Assyrian archaeology at the Collège de France (1906-1939).
* Director of Studies at the School of Practical Advanced Study (1907-1938).
* Inspector of printing in the National press.
One of his pupils was Elena Cassin when she arrived in Paris in 1932.

## Works

* La Magie assyrienne 1902
* Manuel d'Assyriologie Paris, 1904
* Jérusalem Magie Rituels, 1910
# Charles Foster

Charles or Charlie Foster may refer to:

## Politics and law

* Charles Foster (Iowa politician) (1819–1864), American politician, lawyer, schoolteacher and soldier
* Charles Foster (New York politician) (1823–1877), American politician and lawyer
* Charles Foster (Ohio politician) (1828–1904), American politician, governor of Ohio and U.S. Secretary of Treasury
* Charles Foster (attorney), American immigration attorney

## Religion

* Charles A. Foster (Latter Day Saints) (fl. 1844), American member of the Latter-Day Saint movement
* Charles H. Foster (1838–1888), American spiritualist medium
* C. W. Foster (Charles Wilmer Foster, 1866–1935), English clergyman, antiquarian, historian and archivist

## Sports

* Red Foster (baseball) (Charles B. Foster, fl. 1907–1911), American baseball player
* Charles Foster (racewalker) (1893–1943), American racewalker
* Charlie Foster (1905–1983), American football, basketball, and track and field coach
* Charles Foster (hurdler) (1953–2019), American hurdler

## Others

* Charles Foster (writer) (1923–2017), British-born Canadian publicist and writer
* Charles A. Foster (born 1962), British writer, traveller and barrister
* Charles Warren Foster (1830–1904), American soldier
# Shiner (comics)

Shiner was a British comic strip drawn by Mike Lacey. It was published in the magazine Whizzer and Chips, where the character first appeared in the second issue in 1969. Whizzer and Chips characters were divided into "Whizz-kids" and "Chip-ites", reflecting respectively the two sections of the comic. Shiner was the leader of the "Chip-ites". He was an amateur boxer, constantly getting into trouble with his mother, who disapproved of his activity. Shiner usually ended up getting a black eye in each issue, hence his name (in 20th-century British English, shiner has a colloquial meaning of "black eye").
Unlike most of the Whizzer and Chips characters, Shiner was not transferred into Buster and thus was terminated in 1990.
* This UK comics–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Shooting at the 2019 Parapan American Games

Shooting made its debut in the 2019 Parapan American Games.

## Participating nations

31 sports shooters from 8 nations qualified to compete.
* Brazil (7)
* Canada (2)
* Colombia (4)
* Cuba (2)
* Mexico (1)
* Peru (1) (Host country)
* Uruguay (1)
* United States (13)

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | United States (USA) | 5 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
| 2 | Brazil (BRA) | 2 | 5 | 3 | 10 |
| 3 | Cuba (CUB) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Peru (PER) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Colombia (COL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| P1 - Men's 10m air pistol SH1 details | Geraldo Rosenthal Brazil | Sérgio Adriano Brazil | Michael Tagliapietra United States |
| P2 - Women's 10m air pistol SH1 details | Yenigladys Suarez Cuba | Débora Rodriguez Brazil | Maria Restrepo Colombia |
| P3 - Mixed 25m pistol SH1 details | Michael Tagliapietra United States | Geraldo Rosenthal Brazil | Yenigladys Suarez Cuba |
| P4 - Mixed 50m pistol SH1 details | Kevin Nguyen United States | Carlos Garletti Brazil | Robert Beach United States |
| R3 - Mixed 10m air rifle prone SH1 details | Taylor Farmer United States | Jorge Arcela Peru | Kevin Nguyen United States |
| R4 - Mixed 10m air rifle standing SH2 details | Stetson Bardfield United States | McKenna Dahl United States | Bruno Kiefer Brazil |
| R5 - Mixed 10m air rifle prone SH2 details | McKenna Dahl United States | Alexandre Galgani Brazil | Bruno Kiefer Brazil |
| R6 - Mixed 50m rifle prone SH1 details | Geraldo Rosenthal Brazil | Marino Heredia Cuba | Sérgio Adriano Brazil |
# Charles Alden Seltzer

Charles Alden Seltzer (August 15, 1875 – February 9, 1942) was an American writer. He was a prolific author of western novels, had writing credits for more than a dozen film titles, and authored numerous stories published in magazines, most prominently in Argosy.

## Life

Seltzer was born in Janesville, Wisconsin, the son of Lucien B. Seltzer and Oceania Hart of Columbus, Ohio. Before becoming a successful writer, he was variously a newsboy, telegraph messenger, painter, carpenter and manager of the circulation of a newspaper, building inspector, editor of a small newspaper, and an appraiser.
He married Ella Seltzer, and they had three sons and two daughters. His son, Louis B. Seltzer, later editor of the Cleveland Press, recalled that the family was quite poor when his father was struggling to break into the writing profession (he wrote two hundred stories before receiving an acceptance). During this time, Seltzer's wife brought him wrapping paper from the butcher to write on.
In addition to Argosy, Seltzer's work also appeared in Adventure, Short Stories, Blue Book, The Outing Magazine, Western Story Magazine and the US edition of Pearson's Magazine.
Seltzer wrote his westerns from the experience of five years living in New Mexico. Towards the end of his life, he was also elected mayor of North Olmsted, Ohio, a Cleveland suburb, from 1930 to 1935.

## Works

* The Council of Three (1900) – first book
* The Range Riders (1911)
* The Two-Gun Man (1911)
* The Triangle Cupid (1912)
* The Coming of the Law (1912)
* The Boss of the Lazy Y (1915)
* The Range Boss (1916)
* The Vengeance of Jefferson Gawne (1917)
* “Firebrand” Trevison (1918)
* The Ranchman (1919)
* The Trail to Yesterday (1919)
* The Trail Horde (1920)
* Beau Rand (1921)
* “Drag” Harlan (1921)
* West! (1922)
* The Way of the Buffalo (1924)
* Last Hope Ranch (1925)
* Trailing Back (1925)
* Channing Comes Through (1925)
* "Slow" Burgess (1926)
* Land of the Free (1927)
* The Mesa (1928)
* Mystery Range (1928)
* Brass Commandments (1928)
* The Valley of the Stars (1928)
* The Gentleman from Virginia (1928)
* The Red Brand (1929)
* The Raider (1929)
* Gone North (1930)
* A Son of Arizona (1931)
* Double Cross Ranch (1932)
* War On Wishbone Range (1932)
* Lonesome Ranch (1933)
* Clear the Trail (1933)
* West of Apache Pass (1934)
* Silver Spurs (1935)
* Kingdom in the Cactus (1936)
* Parade of the Empty Boots (1937)
* Treasure Ranch (1940)
* Arizona Jim (1942)
* So Long, Sucker (1943)
# Shipwrights Way

Shipwrights Way, so called because it traces in a fanciful way the route that might have been taken by timber from forest to warship, is a 50-mile long-distance footpath through Hampshire, England from Alice Holt Forest to Portsmouth: it passes through Bordon, Liphook, Liss, Petersfield, Queen Elizabeth Country Park, Staunton Country Park, Havant and Hayling Island en route.
# Maravene Loeschke

Maravene Sheppard Loeschke (January 28, 1947 – June 25, 2015) was an American academic administrator who served as president of Towson University from 2012 to her retirement in 2014. She had previously taught at Towson from 1970 to 2002 before leaving Maryland for Pennsylvania, to become the provost of Wilkes University, then the president of Mansfield University.

## Early life and education

Loeschke was born on January 28, 1947, in Baltimore to Joseph Sheppard and Aumelia Shriner. Her father worked for the Baltimore County transportation department. Her mother was born at what became Tides Inn in the Northern Neck of Virginia and worked as a secretary for Towson Elementary School. Maravene Sheppard graduated from Parkville High School in 1965 and attended Towson State College, where she studied English and theater under the direction of C. Richard Gillespie. Though she planned a move to New York to begin an acting career upon her graduation in 1969, Gillespie convinced her to join Towson's faculty instead. Loeschke earned a master's degree in education from Towson in 1972. She then obtained a Ph.D. from Union Institute and University.

## Career

Loeschke began teaching at Towson in 1970 and served as the theater arts department chair before being named the dean of the College of Fine Arts and Communication in 1997. She left Towson in 2002 for the position of provost at Wilkes University. After a four-year stint there, Loeschke completed a four-year term as president of Mansfield University, from 2006 to 2010. While at Mansfield, Loeschke began multiple programs that benefited commuter students, a majority of the student body. She returned to her alma mater in January 2012, succeeding Robert L. Caret as president. In 2013, Loeschke decided to end the baseball and men's soccer programs at Towson, causing Maryland Comptroller Peter Franchot to call for her to resign. With extra fundraising efforts, a fee increase, and a financial commitment from the state of Maryland, the baseball program was later restored. Loeschke was diagnosed with adrenal cancer in April 2014, and resigned the presidency in December of that year.

## Personal life

She was first married to Richard Loeschke, whom she later divorced. Loeschke then married C. Richard Gillespie in 1981, with whom she lived until her death in 2015 from adrenal cancer at Gilchrist Hospice Care. Towson held a memorial service honoring Loeschke on September 18, 2015.
# Herniaria maritima

Herniaria maritima is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, endemic to coastal Portugal. It inhabits coastal dunes, mainly in clearings of creeping forests and Junipers in fixed dunes, on sandy, neutral or basic substrates.
# Herning Centret

HerningCentret is a shopping mall in Herning, Denmark, by Herningmotorvejen and Midtjyske Highway. The Centre opened in 1978 and now contains 60 shops. It is the largest center in the Central Region. The centre has, among other things, Kvickly Xtra and Jensen's Bøfhus. HerningCentret grew by 20 stores in 2009.
# Juan Seguín Elementary School

Juan Seguín Elementary School may refer to:
* Juan Seguín Elementary School - Fort Bend County, Texas - Fort Bend Independent School District
* Juan Seguín Elementary School - Houston, Texas - Houston Independent School District
* Juan Seguín Elementary School - McAllen, Texas - McAllen Independent School District
* Juan Seguín Elementary School - Mission, Texas - La Joya Independent School District
# Corgatha albivertex

Corgatha albivertex is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1907. It is found in Sri Lanka.
# Mollaoba

Mollaoba is a village and municipality in the Masally District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,576.