OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aflatoxin total synthesis

Aflatoxin total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of a group of organic compounds called aflatoxins. These compounds occur naturally in several fungi. As with other chemical compound targets in organic chemistry, the organic synthesis of aflatoxins serves various purposes. Traditionally it served to prove the structure of a complex biocompound in addition to evidence obtained from spectroscopy. It also demonstrates new concepts in organic chemistry (reagents, reaction types) and opens the way to molecular derivatives not found in nature. And for practical purposes, a synthetic biocompound is a commercial alternative to isolating the compound from natural resources. Aflatoxins in particular add another dimension because it is suspected that they have been mass-produced in the past from biological sources as part of a biological weapons program.
The synthesis of racemic aflatoxin B1 has been reported by Buechi et al. in 1967 and that of racemic aflatoxin B2 by Roberts et al. in 1968 The group of Barry Trost of Stanford University is responsible for the enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B$_1$ and B$_{2a}$ in 2003. In 2005 the group of E. J. Corey of Harvard University presented the enantioselective synthesis of Aflatoxin B$_2$.

## Aflatoxin B2 synthesis

The total synthesis of Aflatoxin B2 is a multistep sequence that begins with a [2+3]cycloaddition between the quinone 1 and the 2,3-Dihydrofuran. This reaction is catalyzed by a CBS catalyst and is enantioselective. The next step is the orthoformylation of reaction product 2 in a Duff reaction. The hydroxyl group in 3 is esterified with triflic anhydride which adds a triflate protecting group. This step enables a Grignard reaction of the aldehyde group in 4 with methylmagnesiumbromide to the alcohol 5 which is then oxidized with the Dess-Martin periodinane to the ketone 6. A Baeyer-Villiger oxidation converts the ketone to an ester (7) and a reduction with Raney nickel converts the ester into an alcohol and removes the triflic acid group. In the final step the coumarin skeleton is added to 9 by a combined coupling reaction with zinc carbonate of the vinyl bromide in 8 and a transesterification step between the phenol group and the ethyl ester group.
* Aflatoxin B2 total synthesis
* Aflatoxin B2 total synthesis
# Kaliyalla Kalyanam

Kaliyalla Kalyanam (lit. 'Marriage is no joke') is a 1968 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by A. B. Raj and produced by T. P. Madhavan Nair. The film stars Sathyan, Sharada, Sukumari and Jayabharathi in the lead roles. The film had musical score by A. T. Ummer.

## Cast

* Sathyan
* Sharada
* Sukumari
* Jayabharathi
* Adoor Bhasi
* Manavalan Joseph
* B. K. Mulloorkkara
* Bahadoor
* Dorai
* Kumaran
* Meena
* K. S. Parvathy
* S. P. Pillai
* Sachu

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by A. T. Ummer and the lyrics were written by Dr. Balakrishnan and P. Bhaskaran.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Ithuvare Pennoru" | L. R. Eeswari, Latha Raju, Sreelatha Namboothiri | Dr. Balakrishnan |
| 2 | "Kannil Swapnathil" | S. Janaki, L. R. Eeswari | P. Bhaskaran |
| 3 | "Malarkkinaavin Manimaalikayude" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |
| 4 | "Midumidukkan Meeshkkomban" | L. R. Eeswari, Sreelatha Namboothiri | P. Bhaskaran |
| 5 | "Thaarunya Swapnangal" | S. Janaki, P. Jayachandran, [Latha Raju | P. Bhaskaran |
# Peripsocus madescens

Peripsocus madescens is a species of stout barklouse in the family Peripsocidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
# Luboš Tomíček Sr.

Luboš Tomíček, Sr. (1934-1968) was an international speedway rider from Czechoslovakia.

## Speedway career

Tomíček reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in the 1965 Individual Speedway World Championship. He was also the captain of the Czechoslovakian team and champion of Czechoslovakia five times from 1961 until 1965 after winning the Czechoslovakian Championship.
Like many Czech riders of the time, the Czechsolovak authorities rarely allowed riders to compete for British league teams but they did allow club sides such as Prague to tour the United Kingdom, which allowed Tomíček to race in Britain in 1967, where he was captained the Prague team.
During the 1968 Golden Helmet of Pardubice he was killed in an accident after falling directly under the wheels of the speedway rider behind him. An annual memorial event has been held in his memory since.

## World final appearances
### Individual World Championship

* 1965 – London, Wembley Stadium – 16th – 2pts

### World Team Cup

* 1960 - Göteborg, Ullevi (with Jaroslav Machač / František Richter / Antonín Kasper Sr.) - 3rd - 15pts (4)
* 1961 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Antonín Kasper Sr. / Stanislav Svoboda / Bohumír Bartoněk) - 4th - 12pts (7)
* 1962 - Slaný, Slaný Speedway Stadium (with Bedřich Slaný / Karel Průša / Jaroslav Volf / Bohumír Bartoněk) - 4th - 16pts (7)
* 1963 - Vienna, Stadion Wien (with Stanislav Kubíček / Miroslav Šmíd / Antonín Kasper Sr. - 2nd - 27pts (5)
* 1968 - London, Wembley Stadium (with Antonín Kasper Sr. / Jaroslav Volf] / Jan Holub I) - 4th' - 7pts (2)

## Family

His grandson Luboš Tomíček Jr. (born 1986) was also an international speedway rider.
# Frédérique Lagarde

Frédérique Lagarde is a contemporary French pianist.

## Biography

After her training at the Conservatoire de Paris, in 1986, she founded with Philippe Portejoie a duo saxophone -piano which has given hundreds of concerts in the world and was laureate of the Menuhin foundation in 1990 and prize for the best French formation at the Concours international de musique de chambre de Paris in 1992. This duo is dedicatee to numerous works by composers including Pierre-Max Dubois, Lucie Robert-Diessel [de] and Richard Phillips.
As soloist or in duo, Frédérique Lagarde has participated in various programs of Radio France and recorded numerous discs.

## Selected discography

* Saxophone et Piano (Maurice Ravel, Pierre-Max Dubois, Paule Maurice, Alfred Desenclos, Roger Boutry, Lucie Robert-Diessel, Alain Margoni), duo Portejoie-Lagarde, Collection Musique française du XX$^e$, 1992, Chamade, CHCD 5604
* Dédicaces pour saxophone et piano, duo Portejoie Lagarde, Sylvie Hue, Fusako Kondo, 1996, Pierre Vérany. (contains Preludes for piano and saxophone by Roger Lersy [fr] and others contemporary works by Boutry, Dubois, Laferrière and Margoni)
* Contre-chant, Musique française du XX$^e$ (Francis Poulenc, Jacques Castérède, Roger Boutry, Nicolas Bacri, Pierre Sancan), with clarinettist Sylvie Hue, Le Chant de Linos, 2008, CK 09039
* Carte blanche au compositeur Dominique Probst (Debussy, Kodaly, Poulenc, Kosma, Probst), with Tatiana Probst (soprano), Patricia Nagle (flute), Frédérique Lagarde (piano) and Dominique Probst (percussion), 2008, Fondation Hippocrène.
* Jonction, etc (Timothy Hayward, Roger Boutry, Richard Phillips, Joe Makholm, Lucie Robert-Diessel
* François Rossé, duo Portejoie-Lagarde, Believe/Corelia, 2009, CC874707
# Glaeser's continuity theorem

In mathematical analysis, Glaeser's continuity theorem is a characterization of the continuity of the derivative of the square roots of functions of class $C^{2}$. It was introduced in 1963 by Georges Glaeser, and was later simplified by Jean Dieudonné.
The theorem states: Let $f\ :\ U\rightarrow \mathbb {R} _{0}^{+}$ be a function of class $C^{2}$ in an open set U contained in $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$, then ${\sqrt {f}}$ is of class $C^{1}$ in U if and only if its partial derivatives of first and second order vanish in the zeros of f.
# Eupithecia bellimargo

Eupithecia bellimargo is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Argentina.
# Pablo Obregón

Pablo Obregón (c. 1796 – 10 September 1828) was a young Mexican colonel in the Army of the Three Guarantees who served as minister plenipotentiary of Mexico to the United States from 18 November 1824 until his death by suicide on 10 September 1828.
# Niobocene dichloride

Niobocene dichloride is the organometallic compound with the formula (C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$NbCl$_2$, abbreviated Cp$_2$NbCl$_2$. This paramagnetic brown solid is a starting reagent for the synthesis of other organoniobium compounds. The compound adopts a pseudotetrahedral structure with two cyclopentadienyl and two chloride substituents attached to the metal. A variety of similar compounds are known, including Cp$_2$TiCl$_2$.

## Preparation and structure

It was originally reported by Geoffrey Wilkinson. It is prepared via a multistep reaction beginning with treatment of niobium pentachloride with cyclopentadienylsodium:
    NbCl$_5$ + 5 NaC$_5$H$_5$ → 5 NaCl + (C$_5$H$_5$)$_4$Nb + "C$_5$H$_5$"
    2 (C$_5$H$_5$)$_4$Nb + 4 HCl + 0.5 O$_2$ → [(C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$NbCl]$_2$OCl$_2$ + 4 C$_5$H$_6$
    [(C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$NbCl]$_2$OCl$_2$ + SnCl$_2$ + 2 HCl → 2 (C$_5$H$_5$)$_2$NbCl$_2$ + SnCl$_4$ + H$_2$O
The compound adopts a "clamshell" structure characteristic of a bent metallocene where the Cp rings are not parallel, the average Cp(centroid)-M-Cp angle being about 130.3°. The Cl-Nb-Cl angle of 85.6° is narrower than in zirconocene dichloride (97.1°) but wider than in molybdocene dichloride (82°). This trend is consistent with the orientation of the HOMO in this class of complex.

## Applications and further work

Unlike the related zirconacene and titanocene dichlorides, no applications have been found for this compound, although it has been studied widely. It was investigated as a potential anti-cancer agent.
# Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide

Aflatoxin B$_1$ exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B$_1$. It's formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver.
In the liver, aflatoxin B$_1$ is metabolized to aflatoxin B$_1$ exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The resulting epoxide can react with guanine in the DNA to cause DNA damage.
# Olympic Dam

Olympic Dam may refer to:
* The town of Olympic Dam in South Australia
* Olympic Dam Airport, South Australia
* Olympic Dam mine, a copper, uranium, gold and silver mining centre in South Australia
* The Olympic Dam Highway which runs from the Stuart Highway to the town of Olympic Dam
# Omrani

Omrani may refer to:
* Abdelhakim Omrani (b. 1991), Algerian footballer
* Billel Omrani (b. 1993), French footballer
* Omrani, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
# Murmansk (disambiguation)

Murmansk is a city in Russia.
Murmansk may also refer to:
* Murmansk Oblast (est. 1938), a federal subject of Russia
* Murmansk Okrug (1927–1938), an administrative division of Leningrad Oblast in the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
* Murmansk Governorate (1921–1927), an administrative division of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
* Murmansk Governorate (1920), an administrative division established by the White Government in Russia in 1920
* Murmansk Krai, an informal name used in the Russian SFSR to refer to the territory of modern Murmansk Oblast
* 2979 Murmansk, a main-belt asteroid

## Ships

* Soviet cruiser Murmansk, name of two cruisers
* Murmansk (1968 icebreaker), a Soviet and later Russian diesel-electric icebreaker built at Hietalahti shipyard, in service in 1968–1995
* Murmansk (2015 icebreaker), a Russian diesel-electric icebreaker built in 2015
# Otto Morach

Otto Morach (2 August 1887, Hubersdorf - 25 December 1973, Zürich) was a Swiss painter and poster artist.

## Biography

After completing his primary studies he began attending the Kunstgewerbeschule in Bern and acquired his teaching certificate. For the next two years, he was active as a secondary teacher in Langnau, Kriegstetten and Wichtrach. In 1910, he found a studio in Paris and attracted the attention of Félix Vallotton, who suggested that he study figurative drawing.
After a short stay in Munich, he returned to Paris in the winter of 1912/1913 and worked at La Ruche, an artists' residence. There, he made friends with Fritz Baumann and spent several weeks painting with him in the Jura Mountains. The outbreak of World War I made it impossible to remain in France, so he divided his time between Solothurn and his mandatory military service. During these years, he switched from Art Nouveau to Cubism and Futurism.
In 1919, he became a teacher at the Zürich University of the Arts and remained there until 1953. He married Hermana Sjövall in 1923. They spent much of the 1920s travelling throughout Europe and spent their summers in southern France.
After his retirement, he painted very little. In 1971 he was awarded the Kunstpreis of Canton Solothurn.
# Malcolm MacLeod

Malcolm MacLeod may refer to:
* Malcolm MacLeod (clan chief), Scottish clan chief
* Malcolm MacLeod (British Army officer) (1882–1969), British scientist and Director General of the Ordnance Survey from 1935 to 1943.
* Malcolm MacLeod (politician), politician from New Brunswick, Canada
* Malcolm Plaw MacLeod (1897–1960), Canadian World War I flying ace
* Malcolm Macleod, former Rector of the University of Edinburgh, 1994–1997
# Why Do We Shake in the Cold?

Why Do We Shake in the Cold? is the debut studio album by British electronic musician Elderbrook. It was released on 18 September 2020 through Parlophone Records. The album includes his most recent charted hit "Something About You" with Rudimental.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Clash | 6/10 |
| The Line of Best Fit | 9/10 |
Malvika Padin of The Line of Best Fit felt that the "11-track production builds as the culmination of Elderbrook's life experiences and consistently ascending career graph", calling it "euphoric and sombre in equal parts" and a "companion on good days and bad" with "finely crafted music". Reviewing the album for Clash, Sidney Franklyn wrote that "The more we delve into Why Do We Shake..., the harder it becomes to justify Kotz's insistence in writing exclusively vocal-driven dance music. Lyrics range from the bland on 'I'm a Fool' and 'All My Love' [...] to the downright bizarre", going on to say that "it's towards the end of the record that Kotz's potential as a producer really begins to shine".

## Track listing

Notes
* signifies an additional producer

## Charts

Chart performance for Why Do We Shake in the Cold? :
| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 27 |
| UK Dance Albums (OCC) | 2 |
# Nipponacmea vietnamensis

Nipponacmea vietnamensis is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.
# Afsana

Afsana may refer to:
* Afsana (name), a female given name in Afghanistan
* Afsana (1951 film), a Bollywood film directed by Baldev Raj Chopra
* Afsana (1970 film), a Pakistani Urdu romantic drama film
* One Thousand and One Nights, short stories derived from "Hezār Afsān" (Persian: هزار افسان, lit. A Thousand Tales)
# William 'Eternity' Tipping

William Tipping (1599–1649) was an early 17th-century English religious writer.

## Life

William Tipping was the fourth son of Sir George Tipping (1560–1627) of Wheatfield, Oxfordshire by his wife, Dorothy (1564–1637), daughter of Sir John Borlase of Little Marlow, Buckinghamshire. He was the uncle of Sir Thomas Tipping the Elder. Tipping attended Queen's College, Oxford and entered Lincoln's Inn but did not become a lawyer. He returned to the Manor of Draycot, Oxfordshire to pursue a scholarly life. He married, about 1627, to Ursula, daughter of Sir Edward Brett of Edmonton, Middlesex, and together they had two sons and two daughters.
Tipping died in Waterstock, Oxfordshire on 2 February 1649 and is buried in the church there.

## Works

In 1633 Tipping published A Discourse of Eternitie which earned him the nickname of Eternity Tipping. He subsequently appeared before the court of high commission several times on charges of puritan practice. A Return of Thankfulness (1640) and the Calvinist Father's Counsell (1643) followed. Then The Preachers Plea (1646) and The Remarkable Life and Death of the Lady Apollina Hall (1647).

## US descendants?

It is often erroneously stated that two of Tipping's children, William and Dorothy, emigrated to Talbot County, Maryland in 1664. However, William Tipping Junior lived all his life in London. He married and had a family of six children in Westminster, including Rev Dr Ichabod Tipping, the Vicar of Camberwell. He died in Smithfield in February 1709.
# Perrinia concinna

Perrinia concinna is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chilodontaidae.

## Description

The height of the shell attains 12 mm. The small, solid, imperforate, whitish shell has an ovate-conic shape. The whorls are a little convex, subimbricating, and separated by profoundly canaliculate sutures;. They are finely crenulated below the sutures. They are covered with encircling lirae with the interstices elegantly clathrate. The base of the shell is convex. The oblique aperture is semicircular. The tortuous columella terminates in a tooth. The outer lip subthickened and obsoletely sulcate inside.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs the Philippines and in the Indian Ocean off Réunion.
# Epinotia contrariana

Epinotia contrariana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Jilin, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Shaanxi), Mongolia, Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East.
The wingspan is 12–24 mm.
The larvae feed on Astilbe microphylla, Spiraea betulifolia, Spiraea media, Spiraea salicifolia and Spiraea crenata.
# Deep Lake (Florida)

Deep Lake is a natural sinkhole in Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. This 90-foot-deep naturally occurring sinkhole lake is the deepest lake south of Lake Okeechobee, and one of the deepest in the entire state. It is the namesake of the community built around it, Deep Lake, Florida.
# Don Quichotte et Sancho Pança

Don Quichotte et Sancho Pança is a one-act 'tableau grotesque' or 'grotesque scene' with music by Hervé after Cervantes, first produced in 1847, which has been dubbed ‘the first French operetta’, and a precursor of the opéra bouffe.
Don Quichotte et Sancho Pança was conceived as a vehicle for Desiré, a friend of Hervé, who had requested a piece for a benefit performance. Desiré, short and plump as Sancho, was pitted against the tall and thin Quichotte of Hervé. The piece was staged the following year on 6 March 1848 at Adolphe Adam's Opéra-National at the Cirque Olympique (with Hervé again playing Quichotte, and Joseph Kelm as Sancho), in a double-bill with Les barricades de 1848.
Hervé recalled that the success of his piece led to the tunes becoming very popular in the vaudevilles of Paris and hummed all around the city. The most popular couplet was:
    Je sais que les filles
    Sont vraiment gentilles
    Et que tous les drilles
    En sont amoureux.
    Mais sous l'aubépine,
    La corde argentine
    De ma mandoline
    Sait me rendre heureux;
    Oui, ma guitarine
    Sait me rendre heureux.
# Otto Monsen

Otto Monsen (August 19, 1887 – December 14, 1979) was a Norwegian track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
In 1908 he participated in the high jump competition but failed to clear a height. Four years later he participated in the high jump competition again. He cleared 1.75 metre but did not qualify for the final. He finished tied for 13th.
# Why Do You Lie to Me

"Why Do You Lie to Me" is a song by German producer Topic and Swedish singer A7S featuring American rapper Lil Baby. It was released as a single on 28 August 2020 by Virgin Records. The song was written by the three artists and produced by Topic.

## Content

"Why Do You Lie to Me" is a melancholic dance track that starts with a calm instrumental and slowly builds up. It consists of an emotional piano melody, the harmonic voice of A7S and the ad-libs of Lil Baby. Topic mentioned it combined hip-hop and dance music and said to German radio 1LIVE: "Especially in these days when people have so much access to all the music out there, there are a lot more crossovers right now. It's always been fun doing different genres."

## Music video

The music video was released on 2 November 2020 and directed by Dagi Bee. Topic, A7S, and TikTok creators Anna Klinski and Tim Schaecker appear in the video. It explores themes of love, loss and sensuality, painted a hazy picture of a party where reality and illusion blur.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Qobuz.
* Topic – production, mixing, drums, bass, synthesizer, programming
* A7S – vocals, drums, piano
* Lil Baby – vocals
* Manuel Reuter – mastering

## Certifications

Certifications for "Why Do You Lie to Me" :
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 20,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||
# Custom House, Barrow-in-Furness

The Custom House in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England is a former government building, having housed the customs offices for trade handled at the Ports of Barrow and Lancaster. Initially constructed as a hotel around 1870, it took on its most notable role as a custom house in 1880, regulating custom from the Port of Lancaster.
The four-storey Italianate style building stands on the corner of Abbey Road and Hindpool Road. The Custom House was granted Grade II listed building status in 1976 when it was a social club. It has since been converted to contain a number of restaurants and leisure facilities, including LazerZone
# Adriano Chuva

Adriano Neves Pereira (born 24 May 1979), commonly known as Adriano Chuva, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played primarily as a forward.
A tall, powerful forward, he was known for his pace, tactical awareness, speed, dribbling and accurate shooting.
Chuva is perhaps best described as a journeyman, namely because he has turned out for over twelve different clubs since he started his professional career with Juventude in 1997. However, despite his inability to settle, he has nevertheless proved himself to be a prolific goal-scorer wherever he has happened to play.
Born Adriano Neves Pereira he was given his nickname, Chuva, at a young age by his mother Simone in deference to a family friend of the same name whom she thought Adriano resembled.

## Honours

Juventude
* Campeonato Gaúcho: 1998
Sport Recife
* Campeonato Pernambucano: 2003
Fortaleza
* Campeonato Cearense: 2007
# Kaltenbrunner (surname)

Kaltenbrunner is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ernst Kaltenbrunner (1903–1946), Austrian-born senior SS official of Nazi Germany, executed for war crimes
* Ernst Kaltenbrunner (footballer) (1937–1967), Austrian footballer
* Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner (born 1970), Austrian mountaineer
* Günter Kaltenbrunner (born 1943), Austrian footballer
* Josef Kaltenbrunner (1888–1951), Austrian footballer
# Hanul of Riga

Hanul of Riga also Hennecke, Hannike, Hans, Hanco, Hanulo (date of birth unknown – died between February 25, 1417 and December 12, 1418 in Kraków) was a merchant from Riga of German origin, a burgess of Vilnius. In 1382–87, he was namiestnik (mayor) of Vilnius. In 1382, during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84) between Jogaila and Kęstutis, Hanul led the city residents and surrendered Vilnius to Jogaila, who was soon to be crowned as King of Poland. He was later the trusted advisor of Jogaila and Skirgaila and participated in many diplomatic missions. He also contributed to the establishment of trade relations between Lithuania and Poland.
# Villaescusa la Sombría

Villaescusa la Sombría is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2016 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 72 inhabitants.