OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# David Nicoll Lowe

David Nicoll Lowe FRSE OBE (1909–1999) was a Scottish botanist and administrator. He served as Secretary to the Carnegie Trust in Dunfermline 1954 to 1970. He greatly improved the relationship between the Trust and its applicants.

## Life

He was born in Arbroath on 9 September 1909. He attended Arbroath High School then won a Kitchener Scholarship to St Andrews University. At university he founded the Mountaineering Club and served as its first President. He graduated both MA and BSc.
Following graduation he intended to join the Civil Service. In 1935 he was appointed Secretary of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In the Second World War he sat on the War Cabinet Secretariat, linked to the Ministry of Production. He returned the British Association after the war, and stayed until 1954.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1957. His proposers were James Ritchie, Sir George Taylor, Sir Maurice Yonge, and Douglas Allan. During his Secretaryship of the Carnegie Trust the trust went into other social fields: re-equipping village halls; helping to set up the Leonard Cheshire Homes; helping the YMCA; and promoting art schools. Specific one-off projects included the David Marshall Lodge at Aberfoyle and creation of the Conservation Corps.
He retired in 1968 and moved to Crieff with his wife. He became an active member of the Countryside Commission and the National Trust for Scotland. He died on 10 August 1999.

## Family

He was married to Muriel Enid Bryer (d.1991). They had a son and three daughters.
# Disembolus

Disembolus is a genus of North American dwarf spiders that was first described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin & Vaine Wilton Ivie in 1933.

## Species

As of May 2019 it contains twenty-four species:
* Disembolus alpha (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
* Disembolus amoenus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus anguineus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus bairdi Edwards, 1999 – USA
* Disembolus beta Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus concinnus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus convolutus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus corneliae (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944) – Canada, USA
* Disembolus galeatus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus hyalinus Millidge, 1981 – Canada
* Disembolus implexus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus implicatus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus kesimbus (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
* Disembolus lacteus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus lacunatus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus phanus (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
* Disembolus procerus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus sacerdotalis (Crosby & Bishop, 1933) – USA, Canada
* Disembolus sinuosus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus solanus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus stridulans Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 (type) – USA
* Disembolus torquatus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus vicinus Millidge, 1981 – USA
* Disembolus zygethus Chamberlin, 1949 – USA
# Cynthia Macdonald

Cynthia Lee Macdonald (February 2, 1928 – August 3, 2015) was an American poet, educator, and psychoanalyst.

## Life

Macdonald was born in Manhattan to screenwriter Leonard Lee and his wife Dorothy Kiam.
She earned a B.A. in English from Bennington College in 1950 and pursued studies in voice at the Mannes School of Music in 1951-1952. She pursued a career in opera and concert singing from 1953-1966. After changing her focus to poetry, Macdonald received a master's degree in writing and literature from Sarah Lawrence College.
She went on to teach creative writing at Sarah Lawrence University and Johns Hopkins University. She co-founded the Creative Writing Program at the University of Houston with fellow poet Stanley Plumly in 1979. She was a member of the English Department at the University of Houston until her retirement in 2004, receiving the Esther Farfel Award for faculty excellence.
Macdonald also worked as a psychoanalyst, having received a certification from the Houston-Galveston Psychoanalytic Institute in 1986. She specialized in working with people who had writer's block.
She was a member of the board of directors of the Association of Writers & Writing Programs.
She wrote the libretto for The Rehearsal (1978), an opera by Thomas Benjamin.
She was the mother of American artist Jennifer Macdonald.

## Awards

* Three NEA grants (two for poetry and one for a libretto)
* 1977 National Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters award "for "recognition of the contribution of her poetry", 1977
* 1983 Guggenheim Fellowship in Poetry
* 1992 O. B. Hardison, Jr. Poetry Prize

## Works

* "Discomfiting the Absolute Splendor", Poetry Foundation
* "The Impossible May Be Possible", Ploughshares (Spring 1999)

### Books

* Amputations: Poems. George Braziller. 1972. ISBN 0-8076-0656-1.
* Transplants: Poems. George Braziller. 1977. ISBN 0-8076-0810-6.
* (W)Holes. NY: Alfred A. Knopf Incorporated. 1980. ISBN 0-394-50852-1.
* Alternate Means of Transport. Knopf. 1985. ISBN 0-394-72968-4.
* Living Wills: New and Selected Poems. Knopf. 1992. ISBN 0-679-74278-6.
* I Can't Remember. Alfred a Knopf Inc. 1997. ISBN 0-679-45457-8.
# John Houston (doctor)

John Houston (c. 1802 – 30 July 1845) was an Irish medical doctor and anatomist.

## Early life

Houston was born in about 1802 in Ireland. He was the eldest son of a Presbyterian minister but was adopted by his maternal uncle, Joseph Taylor, who was an army doctor. Taylor offered to fund Houston's education and on 13 January 1819 Houston moved to Dublin as apprentice to John Shekleton, a surgeon and curator at the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI). Houston completed his apprenticeship in 1824, passing his final examinations and receiving his letters testimonial. On 19 June 1826, he was elected a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland days after the sudden death of his mentor Shekleton. Houston graduated from Edinburgh with a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1826.

## Career

Houston succeeded Shekleton as conservator (curator) at the RCSI museum. In 1830, Houston discovered the transverse folds of the rectum, eponymously known as Houston's valves. In 1834, he published a catalogue of the Museum's normal specimens, followed by a catalogue of pathology specimens in 1840. In 1843, he published a catalogue of the museum specimens at the Park Street School of Medicine. In 1844, Houston published an illustrated scientific paper in the Dublin Medical Press entitled "On the Microscopic Pathology of Cancer (with a Woodcut)" and is credited with introducing the microscope to Irish medicine. RCSI paid him £150 for his preparation of anatomical specimens. During his 17-year tenure as curator, Houston expanded and catalogued the RCSI museum's extensive specimen collection, described as "one of the most valuable in Europe" by renowned anatomists Friedrich Tiedemann and Jules Germain Cloquet.
Houston had a keen interest in teaching, working as an anatomy demonstrator at RCSI in 1824 and in 1837 taking a position as lecturer in surgery at the Park Street School of Medicine. He was known for his punctuality and was popular among his students. Houston was involved in the construction of the Baggot Street Hospital and was appointed as a surgeon there in 1832. He was also appointed consultant surgeon at St. Peter's Dispensary, a corresponding member of the Institute of Washington, and a member of the Society of Naturalists and Physicians of Heidelberg. He held private practice on York Street near RCSI. Houston was a member of the Royal Irish Academy.

## Selected papers

* "On the Structure and Mechanism of the Tongue of the Chameleon" - Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 1828
* "Dropsy" - 1842
* "The mode of Treatment in Fever" - 1844

## Death

Houston collapsed suddenly in April 1845 while lecturing at Baggot Street Hospital. He had suffered a cerebral haemorrhage and died 30 July 1845. An obituary appeared in the Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science the following year.
# I guappi

I guappi (internationally released as Blood Brothers) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film with "poliziotteschi" and "noir" elements. This film marks the meeting between Claudia Cardinale and the director Pasquale Squitieri, who soon became her husband.

## Cast

* Claudia Cardinale: Lucia Esposito
* Franco Nero: Nicola Bellizzi
* Fabio Testi: Don Gaetano Frungillo
* Lina Polito: Nannina Scognamiglio
* Raymond Pellegrin: Delegato Aiossa
* Rita Forzano: Luisella
* Rosalia Maggio: Amalia Scognamiglio
* Nino Vingelli: Luigi Scarpetta
* Sonia Viviani: Donna Maria
# I'll Follow the Sun (Mr. President song)

"I'll Follow the Sun" is a song by German Eurodance group Mr. President, released in March 1995 as the second single from their first album, Up'n Away - The Album (1995). It was the first single to receive participation from rapper Delroy "Layzee Dee" Rennalls, after George "Sir Prophet" Jones left the group. A moderate success on the charts in Europe, it peaked at number 15 in Finland, number 16 in Switzerland, number 18 in Austria and number 23 in Germany. On the Eurochart Hot 100, the song reached number 58 in March 1995.

## Critical reception

Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote, "When the Euro president pushes the red button, you'll hear a big bang which clatters like a speeded up bassline from Jacko's "Billy Jean" with souped-up Giorgio Moroder computer disco."

## Music video

The accompanying music video for "I'll Follow the Sun" was directed by Czar.

## Track listing

* CD maxi, Germany (1995)
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (Radio Edit) – 3:23
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (Extended Version) – 5:36
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (Discotheque Version) – 5:36
* "Up'n Away" (Mix Version) – 5:42
* CD maxi - Remixes, Germany (1995)
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (Peter Parker Dub Mix) – 6:13
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (Peter Parker Compact Mix) – 5:40
* "I'll Follow the Sun" (DJ Perplexer Remix) – 4:43

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 18 |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100 Singles) | 58 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 15 |
| Germany (Media Control Charts) | 23 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 16 |
# PSGR Krishnammal College for Women

PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, is an autonomous arts and science college located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. India. It has been recognized as the 'College of Excellence' by the University Grants Commission.

## History

PSGR Krishnammal College for Women was established in 1963 under the GRG Trust, founded by Sri G.R. Govindarajulu and Smt. Chandrakanthi Govindarajulu with a motto of 'empowering women through education', initially affiliated to the University of Madras.

## Rankings

The college is ranked 7th among colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024.

## Academics

The college offers undergraduate, graduate and doctoral degrees in arts, science, commerce, computer science, and management. It has global collaborative agreements with Oregon State University, San Diego State University and Toledo University, USA; Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia; Nottingham Trent University, UK; CETYS University, Mexico; and Swinburne University, Australia.
# Devon Park

Devon Park may refer to:
* Devon Park, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide
* Devon Park, Queensland in the Toowoomba Region
* a suburb of Stellenbosch in South Africa
* Devon Park (stadium), a softball-specific ballpark in Oklahoma, United States
# XLINK (Internet service provider)

XLINK (originally the Externe Lokale Informatik-Netz Karlsruhe), was the external connection of the computer science network of the universities in Karlsruhe, Germany), subsequently becoming part of the first commercial Internet service provider (ISP) in Germany.

## History

It was created in 1984, when it offered one of the first UUCP connections from Germany to the United States (via UUNET), and from November 1989 it also offered Internet connectivity mainly to universities in the south of Germany.
XLINK was one of the founding members of RIPE and of DENIC; its autonomous system number (autnum) was AS517.
It was transformed into (part of) a company in 1993, and as such, competed with the UniDO ISP (incorporated as EUnet Germany) for the title of first commercial ISP in Germany.
It was bought by Qwest in 1999 and contributed to and renamed to KPNQwest Germany in May 2000, which went bankrupt in the Internet bubble crash of 2002. Remnants exist in KPN Eurorings.
# Japanese sturgeon

The Japanese sturgeon or Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae found in the Amur River basin in China and Russia. Claims of its presence in the Sea of Japan need confirmation. The species has 11–16 dorsal, 34–47 lateral, and 7–16 ventral scutes. Their dorsal fins have 38–53 rays and 20–35 anal fin rays. They also have greyish-brown backs and pale ventral sides. The species can reach up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length, and weigh over 190 kilograms (420 lb). The species is considered to be critically endangered.

## Habitat and ecology

The Japanese sturgeon is benthic. Their main food sources are aquatic insect larvae, bony fish and mollusks. One study suggests that the type of aquatic insect larvae eaten by juvenile Japanese sturgeon depends on the season, where mayfly nymphs are eaten more frequently in spring and fall, and midge larvae are eaten more frequently in summer. The females mature at 9–10 years of age, and males at 7–8 years. They start to migrate in the autumn. They live for 65 years.
# Diplotaxis vandykei

Diplotaxis vandykei is a species of scarab beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in North America.
# Colombian Battalion

The Colombian Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Colombian Army that served under United Nations Command during the Korean War from 1951 to 1954. The first Colombian military unit to serve in Asia, the battalion was attached to the U.S. 7th Infantry Division and 25th Infantry Divisions.

## Background

The election of President Laureano Gómez in 1950 sparked renewed interest in building up Colombia–United States relations. Gómez wanted greater U.S. economic support in exchange for direct involvement as an ally, and a means to erase any lingering impressions caused among U.S. policymakers of his previous attitude of anti–U.S. and pro–German sentiment during the World Wars.
Gómez emphasized the importance of the United Nations security charter and the concept of collective security. As such, he pushed the military to form an expeditionary force that could be deployed on behalf of the United Nations. The overall strength of the battalion was between 4,314 or 5,100 infantry soldiers and 300 sailors on board the frigates ARC Almirante Padilla, ARC Capitán Tono, and ARC Almirante Brión. The battalion was the only South American army to join the Korean war; the Americans wanted Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil to collaborate and contribute a regiment, but they all declined to fight except for Colombia. Most of the equipment in the battalion was WW2 American weapons such as the M2 carbine and 1911.

## Korean War

Following the outbreak of the Korean War, the Colombian Battalion was deployed to Busan on 15 June 1951 under the command of Colonel Jaime Polanía Puyo. The battalion participated in Operation Thunderbolt, the Battle of Old Baldy, the Battle of Triangle Hill and the recapture of Kumsong through Operation Nomad-Polar.
The Battle of Old Baldy was particularly notable for the battalion, as the unit lost (killed or wounded) 20% of its deployed strength in the engagement.

### Casualties

The Colombian Battalion suffered men 163 killed in action, 448 wounded, 60 missing, and 30 captured over the course of the conflict.

## Commanders

* Alberto Ruiz Novoa
* Jaime Polanía Puyo
# Wankan

Wankan (王冠) (Japanese: "King's Crown" or "Emperor's Crown") (also called Okan) is a kata practiced in many styles of Karate. Not much is known about the history of this kata. It originates from the Tomari-te school and in modern karate is practiced in Shorin-ryu, Shito-ryu, Shotokan, Genseiryu and Matsubayashi-ryu.
It is often considered an advanced kata, despite its brevity. Karate master Shoshin Nagamine considered wankan to be his favorite kata. A quote from his book describes the kata as "Being characterized by unitary sequences of attack and defense".
About Wankan, Nagamine Shōshin (1978: 240) said: This kata is said to be the creation of a master in ancient times, but the creator is unknown. Wankan belongs to the old kata. It was handed down by the warriors from the Tomari area and has been handed down to the present day. Its characteristics are many passages in which defense and offense are performed in one single action, that actions are formidable, and that it is a kata of medium length.
Wankan is also known as Matsukaze (松風 or "pine tree wind") in some schools of karate.
# Jiang Liping

Jiang Liping (江利平; born 1963), is a Chinese politician and a current vice chair of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSL), one of China's eight minor political parties that follow the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), since December 2022.
Jiang was born in Wuhan, Hubei, and has ancestry in Tainan, Taiwan. He joined the CCP in 1988 and later joined the TDSL in 2008. Between 1983 and 2022, Jiang held various local government and political positions in Hubei.
Jiang has been a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) since 2013. He has also been a vice chair of the Hubei Committee of the CPPCC since January 2023.
# Ulmus × hollandica 'Balder'

The elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Balder' is one of five miniature or bonsai cultivars from the Elegantissima Group raised by the Gartneriet Vestdal nursery in Odense, Denmark.

## Description

'Balder' is the closest of the five in resemblance to the parent × elegantissima.

## Nurseries
### Europe

* Gartneriet Vestdal , Odense, Denmark.
* This Ulmaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Chuchot Shama

Chuchot Shama is a village in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Leh tehsil. The village is located on the banks of river Indus (sindh).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Chuchot Shama has 296 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 81.43%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 1567 | 768 | 799 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 167 | 90 | 77 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 1558 | 762 | 796 |
| Literates | 1140 | 611 | 529 |
| Workers (all) | 420 | 325 | 95 |
| Main workers (total) | 402 | 314 | 88 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 22 | 20 | 2 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Main workers: Other | 378 | 293 | 85 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 18 | 11 | 7 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 12 | 8 | 4 |
| Non-workers | 1147 | 443 | 704 |
# Diplotaxis viminea

Diplotaxis viminea also known by the common name Vineyard wall rocket is a species of annual herb in the family Brassicaceae. They have a self-supporting growth form and simple, broad leaves. Individuals can grow to 5.8 cm tall. It forms a basal rosette of leaves and flowering stems with or without leaves. It blooms June through October in western Europe, but may have an extended flowering period of up to eight months elsewhere in its range. This species grows in fields and vineyards and It is considered by some to be a weed of vegetable crops, vineyards, and gardens.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Diplotaxis viminea​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# Susan Jane Gilman

Susan Jane Gilman (born October 22, 1964) is an American writer and novelist. She is the author of two novels, The Ice Cream Queen of Orchard Street (2014) and Donna Has Left the Building (2019) in addition to three non-fiction books: Undress Me in the Temple of Heaven (2009); Hypocrite in a Pouffy White Dress (2005); and Kiss My Tiara (2001).

## Early life and education

Gilman was born in New York City and grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. She attended Stuyvesant High School in New York City and was a student of Frank McCourt. Gilman attended Brown University where she got a B.A. in 1986. She received a Masters' in Fine Arts in Creative Writing from the University of Michigan in 1993.

## Career

She has written for several newspapers and magazines including the New York Times, the L.A. Times, Salon, the Guardian, Real Simple, Good Housekeeping, and Ms. magazine.
She has been a contributor to NPR's "All Things Considered," and won literary awards for her journalism, short fiction, and audio book recordings.
Kiss My Tiara, Gilman's first book, is a smart-ass reaction to the advice that women are given. She implores women to get "a life not husband".
Hypocrite in a Pouffy White Dress, a New York Times Bestseller is a memoir of the author growing up in New York City. The topics range from growing up with hippy parents, meeting Mick Jagger, getting bullied at school, and moving overseas.
Undress Me in the Temple of Heaven is a true story of the author setting out to backpack across China in 1986 and running into trouble with her friend and Chinese authorities.
The Ice Cream Queen of Orchard Street is the author's first novel. It follows the rise and fall of Lillian Dunkle, a Russian immigrant who arrives in America as a child in 1914 and goes on become the doyenne of an empire of ice cream franchises over the course of 70 years.
Gilman's second novel, Donna Has Left the Building, chronicles Donna Koczynski, a wife, mother, former punk rocker, and recovering alcoholic who blows up her own life and takes off on an epic quest across America that ultimately lands her in the middle of a refugee crisis halfway around the globe.
Her books have been translated into eleven languages.
She made the keynote presentation entitled “There is No Lightning Bolt" at the TedXZurichWomen on May 29, 2015.
# Dominica at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

Dominica competes at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August in Berlin.

## Team selection

| Event | Athletes | Athletes |
| Event | Men | Women |
| 400 metres | Erison Hurtault | |

## Results
### Men

| Event | Athletes | Heats | Heats | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Event | Athletes | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| 400 m | Erison Hurtault | 45.55 SB | 15 | 45.59 | 15 | did not advance | did not advance |
# 2017 in Belarus

The following lists events in the year 2017 in Belarus.

## Incumbents

* President: Alexander Lukashenko
* Prime Minister: Andrei Kobyakov

## Events
### February

* 19 February - 2000 people spread the march of the 2017 Belarusian protests from the capital of Minsk to other cities in Belarus against a 2015 tax law.

### March

* 25 March - Despite bans on protests, hundreds protest in Minsk against a so-called "social parasites" tax on the unemployed.

## Deaths

* 28 January – Alexander Tikhanovich, pop singer (b. 1952).
* 2 August – Alexander Gerasimenko, politician and diplomat (b. 1946)