OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DIG: An Archaeological Adventure

DIG is an educational resource in York, England, which aims to increase understanding of archaeology and related matters.
DIG is owned and operated by York Archaeology, a division of York Archaeological Trust, a registered charity. It is based in St Saviour's Church, one of York's medieval churches, which became redundant in the 1950s and was acquired by the Trust in 1975. Between 1990 and 2005, the building was called the Archaeological Resource Centre. In April 2006, supported by £746,000 of National Lottery funds via the Millennium Commission, it reopened as DIG.
Activities in which visitors can engage include:
* Discovering techniques used by field archaeologists
* Investigating scientific techniques used by archaeologists
* Finding out about current archaeological digs and viewing recent finds
* Learning more about the history of York
# Manhattan Valley Viaduct

Manhattan Valley Viaduct may refer to either of two crossings of Manhattan Valley:
* Riverside Drive Viaduct
* The IRT Broadway Line Viaduct, formerly known as the Manhattan Valley Viaduct, supporting IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line 125th Street station
# Casa de Santa Maria, Cascais

The Casa de Santa Maria (House of Saint Mary) was once a luxurious private residence in Cascais, Lisbon District, Portugal. It was acquired by the Cascais Municipality in October 2004 and is now a museum. It blends several different architectural styles and influences.

## History

In the late 19th century, Jorge O'Neil, an aristocrat with many business connections, purchased some land near the Santa Marta area of Cascais. He first had built what is now the Condes de Castro Guimarães Museum and, a little later, commissioned the Casa de Santa Maria as a wedding present for his daughter. This dates from 1902 and was designed by the architect Raul Lino, who began his career in Cascais, designing a series of houses for friends. In the case of Santa Maria, he was instructed to disregard the popular styles of the time and design the house using only materials found within Portugal. The eventual design was heavily influenced by the Moorish style of construction, which had shaped many of Portugal's finest buildings. This influence is most visible inside the building, with horseshoe arches connecting the central rooms.
Around 1914, the property was sold to the engineer José Lino Júnior, the older brother of Raul Lino, the architect. Lino, a major collector and art lover, purchased, from an old chapel in Frielas, a set of 17th century Azulejo tiles and a wooden oil-painted ceiling, which has been attributed to António de Oliveira Bernardes. He expanded the building by adding parts at each end, with the work also being designed by Raul Lino.
In 1934, the house was acquired by the Espírito Santo family, who received famous visitors such as Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, King Umberto II of Italy, and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. Other visitors to the house have included the former US President, Richard Nixon.

## Contents

The house can now be visited from Tuesdays to Sundays. It has no movable artefacts but contains a rich collection of tiles and painting, primarily from the Portuguese Baroque. On the ground floor the walls of the rooms are covered with polychrome blue and yellow painted tiles, originally from the Marvila Convent in Lisbon. On the first floor, the Chapel contains tiled narrative scenes from the Virgin Mary's life, produced in Talavera, Spain at the end of the 16th Century. Floral motifs painted on the ceiling are by Raul Lino. Next door is the Great Hall with a painted ceiling and tile-lined walls. The basement contains avant-garde painted tiles from around 1920, also designed by the architect.
# Cesare Maffei

Cesare Maffei (born 1805) was an Italian painter of the Neoclassical period, active in Tuscany.

## Biography

He was the son of an ornamental painter, and his brother Alessandro, was a decorative painter. Cesare studied at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Siena, under Giuseppe Collignon and Francesco Mazzuoli. Between 1836 and 1838, he helped paint frescoes of angel musicians for the church of San Giacomo, Siena. He also painted a cycle of frescoes for the Palazzo Piccolomini-Clementini.
He was a scenographer and decorator for the Teatro Pagliano in Florence, which would become the Teatro Verdi. In 1854, he decorated the tribune of the church of San Regolo in Montaione, depicting the Virgin in Glory with Saints Regolo and Bartholemew.
In 1855, he completed frescoes for the sacristy of the church of Santa Caterina, Livorno. In 1858, he also painted for the Chapel of Larderel in the church of San Matteo in Livorno. Luigi Ademollo commissioned from Maffei the frescoes for the cupola in Santa Caterina, followed by a collaboration with Pietro Calamai, to paint images of the four evangelists, scenes from the life of the Virgin, and St Dominic receives the Rosary. This work was completed in 1876.
# Inés Esteban

Inés Esteban (1488-1500), also known as Inés of Herrera, was a Spanish-Jewish conversa who, at the age of 11, was considered a prophetess before being executed by the Spanish Inquisition authorities.

## Biography

Inés Esteban was born around 1488 in the town of Herrera del Duque, in the Province of Badajoz in Western Spain. Inés' father was Juan Esteban, a shoemaker and tanner. Her mother, whose name is unknown, died when Ines was little. Juan Esteban remarried to a woman named Beatriz Ramírez. Ines and her family were conversos, Spanish Jews who converted to Catholicism to avoid persecution, but in some cases continued to practice Judaism in secret. In August 1499, at the age of 11, Inés was treated as a prophetess by the Jewish conversos of Herrera. Her life as a mystical leader was short-lived as the Spanish Inquisition authorities soon put Inés on trial and burned her at the stake.
# Irena Yebuah Tiran

Irena Yebuah Tiran (born March 25, 1974) is a Slovenian mezzo-soprano opera singer of Ghanaian descent.
She graduated with honors from Mozarteum University of Salzburg under prof. Ingrid Mayr (Ingrid Janser-Mayr) and completed post-graduate studies in lied and oratorio with prof. Wolfgang Holzmair. Her debut was in Ljubljana Opera House as Cherubino in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro in 2000. She is a recipient of several awards.
She was on the jury panel of the first season of the Slovenian version of the Your Face Sounds Familiar show.
# Chambre

Chambre (French for chamber) may refer to:
* Chambre des Pairs
* Chambre des Députés
* Chambre de bonne
* Chambre introuvable
* Valet de chambre
* Chambre Ardente

## People with the surname

* Alan Chambré
* Calcot Chambre
# Irene Beyeler

Irene Beyeler (born 11 August 1985 in Schwarzenburg, Bern) is a Swiss sport shooter. Beyeler represented Switzerland at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed in rifle shooting events, along with her brother and teammate Simon Beyeler. She placed sixteenth out of forty-seven shooters in the women's 10 m air rifle by one point behind United States' Emily Caruso from the third attempt, with a total score of 395 points. Nearly a week later, Beyeler competed for her second event, 50 m rifle 3 positions, where she was able to shoot 195 targets in a prone position, 188 in standing, and 194 in kneeling, for a total score of 577 points, finishing only in twenty-third place.
# Isaac Greenwood

Isaac Greenwood (11 May 1702 – 22 October 1745) was an American mathematician. He was the first Hollisian Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard College.

## Biography

He graduated at Harvard in 1721, and was instrumental in the smallpox inoculation controversy of that year, speaking out in favour of inoculation. He travelled to London, where he lodged with John Theophilus Desaguliers and attended his lectures on Newtonian Experimental Philosophy. He later introduced the subject in the American Colonies and his book An Experimental Course of Mechanical Philosophy, published in Boston in 1726, owed much to Desaguliers. In London Greenwood met with Thomas Hollis, who wished to endow a chair at Harvard College for him. Hollis later fell out with Greenwood, over his financial imprudence. However, back in Boston, Greenwood was eventually appointed to the new Hollis Chair in 1727.
During his tenure, he wrote anonymously the first natively-published American book on mathematics – the Greenwood Book, published in 1729. This book made the first published statement of the short scale value for billion in the United States, which eventually became the value used in most English-speaking countries.
Greenwood married Sara Shrimpton Clarke, daughter of Dr John Clarke, on 31 July 1729, and had five children, of whom the eldest, Isaac, became a noted dentist.
He was removed from the chair for intemperance in 1737. Unable to support his family, he joined the Royal Navy as a chaplain aboard HMS Rose in 1742, transferring to HMS Aldborough in 1744. He was released from service in Charleston, South Carolina, on 22 May 1744 and died from the effects of alcohol on 22 October 1745.
# Crimson fruitcrow

The crimson fruitcrow (Haematoderus militaris) is a species of bird in the large family Cotingidae, not a crow. The only member of the genus Haematoderus, it is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Because of its large range and population density this species is not classified as vulnerable.

## Description

The crimson fruitcrow is a large bird about 34 centimetres (13 in) long. The adult male has glossy crimson plumage on head, back and breast, the feathers being long and stiff. A bushy crimson crest is sometimes raised. The wings and tail are dark brown to black, the tail being partly concealed by the long tail-coverts. The female and the immature male have a paler crimson head, throat and underparts, the back, wings and tail being dark brown and the feathers being more flexible. Both sexes have thick, dark red beaks.

## Distribution

This species is native to the tropical, lowland rainforests of Guyana, French Guiana and northeastern Brazil. There have been occasional sightings outside its normal range, in west Brazil and east Venezuela. It is an uncommon species and is present in the forest canopy and at the verges of woodland.

## Behaviour

Despite its name, this fruitcrow feeds mainly on large insects such as cicadas, beetles and grasshoppers; it supplements this diet with fruit. Its flight is leisurely and looping, and a display flight, involving ascending in a corkscrew fashion followed by a long glide, has been documented. It perches high in the canopy, each bird seeming to have a favoured spot. Although usually silent, this bird can emit a low hoot reminiscent of an owl, and also has a sharp "bok" call.

## Status

The crimson fruitcrow is generally rather uncommon and patchy in its distribution, and its population size may be declining slowly. However, it has a very extensive range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature does not consider it threatened and has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Crimson shining parrot

The crimson shining parrot (Prosopeia splendens) is a parrot from Fiji. The species is endemic to the islands of Kadavu and Ono in the Kadavu Group. The species was once considered conspecific with the red shining parrot of Vanua Levu and Taveuni, but is now considered its own species. The species is sometimes known as the Kadavu musk parrot.
The crimson shining parrot is a medium-sized parrot (45 cm) with a long tail and bright plumage. The head, breast and belly are covered in bright crimson-red, its back, wings and tail are green with hints of blue in the wing. It has a long winged appearance in flight, flying with undulating bouts of flaps and gliding. The species is very vocal; the shrieks and squawks of the crimson shining parrot are of a higher pitch than that of the red shining parrot. On Kadavu it is unlikely to be mistaken for the other species of parrot, the collared lory.
The crimson shining parrot is a common forest species that has recently taken to entering gardens and agricultural land. Pairs forage for seeds and fruits. The species has not been observed nesting but is assumed to be a hole nester like red shining parrot. The species is considered to be Near Threatened by the IUCN due to its restricted range, habitat loss and the illegal trade in parrots.
# Crimson cleaner fish

The crimson cleaner fish (Suezichthys aylingi), or butcher's dick in Australia, is a species of wrasse native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean around Australia and New Zealand. This species inhabits patches of sand on reefs at depths of from 6 to 100 metres (20 to 328 ft). It is a cleaner fish. Males of this species can reach a length of 11.7 centimetres (4.6 in) SL while females only reach 8.6 centimetres (3.4 in).
# Subterfuge

Subterfuge may refer to:

## Music

* "Subterfuge", track from The Hidden Land album by Béla Fleck and the Flecktones
* "Subterfuge", track from Demolition (Judas Priest album)
* "Subterfuge", track from Black Fire (album)
* "Subterfuge", track from Oppressing the Masses
* "Subterfuge", track from Run Cold album from Diva Destruction
* "Subterfuge", track from Zeno Beach
* "Subterfuge", a music video by Dååth
* ”Subterfuge”, track from Sonic Legacy by Honkish

## Film

* Subterfuge (1968 film), a British film starring Joan Collins
* Subterfuge (1996 film), an American film starring Matt McColm
* Subterfuge (1912 film), an American silent film
* "The Subterfuge", an episode from The Fatal Ring, a 1917 American action film serial

## Other

* "Subterfuge", a 1959 science fiction story by Charles Eric Maine
* "Subterfuge", a 1943 short story by Ray Bradbury published in Astonishing Stories
* Subterfuge (video game), a 2015 mobile game
* A nickname for the United Kingdom's Central Government War Headquarters
# Change (Pink Cream 69 album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Change is the fourth album by German hard rock group Pink Cream 69, released in 1995. It was the first album with current singer David Readman, after Andi Deris left the band to join German power metal band Helloween.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Pink Cream 69, except where noted

## Personnel

* David Readman – vocals
* Alfred Koffler – guitar
* Dennis Ward – bass guitar
* Kosta Zafiriou – drums

## Guest Members

* David A. – keyboards
* Bateke – percussion*

## Production

* Mixing – Shay Baby and Eric Greedy
* Engineer – Shay Baby and Bill Cooper
* Assistant Engineer – Matt Westfield
# Change (Jason Chan album)

First Experience is the second album by Hong Kong singer Jason Chan released in 2009.
# 2022 Open Internacional de San Sebastián

The 2022 Open Internacional de San Sebastián was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in San Sebastián, Spain between 26 September and 2 October 2022.

## Champions
### Singles

* Julia Grabher def. Aliona Bolsova, 6–3, 7–6$^{(7–3)}$

### Doubles

* Aliona Bolsova / Katarina Zavatska def. Ángela Fita Boluda / Guiomar Maristany, 1–2, ret.

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUT | Julia Grabher | 99 | 1 |
| FRA | Clara Burel | 103 | 2 |
| | Elina Avanesyan | 129 | 3 |
| GEO | Ekaterine Gorgodze | 162 | 4 |
| AND | Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva | 186 | 5 |
| CZE | Brenda Fruhvirtová | 195 | 6 |
| CYP | Raluca Șerban | 197 | 7 |
| AUT | Sinja Kraus | 201 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 19 September 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Lucía Cortez Llorca
* Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva
* Carlota Martínez Círez
* Ane Mintegi del Olmo
The following players received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
* Emiliana Arango
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Amira Benaïssa
* Nahia Berecoechea
* Oana Gavrilă
* Jasmin Jebawy
* Nadiya Kolb
* Amandine Monnot
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Noelia Bouzó Zanotti
# 2022 Open International de Tennis de Roanne

The 2022 Open International de Tennis de Roanne was a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Roanne, France between 7 and 13 November 2022.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| MDA | Radu Albot | 81 | 1 |
| FRA | Hugo Gaston | 84 | 2 |
| | Pavel Kotov | 98 | 3 |
| AUS | Jason Kubler | 104 | 4 |
| GEO | Nikoloz Basilashvili | 106 | 5 |
| AUS | Alexei Popyrin | 107 | 6 |
| FRA | Hugo Grenier | 118 | 7 |
| ESP | Fernando Verdasco | 119 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 31 October 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Ugo Blanchet
* Arthur Fils
* Giovanni Mpetshi Perricard
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mathias Bourgue
* Antoine Hoang
* Maxime Janvier
* Alibek Kachmazov
* Alexandar Lazarov
* Valentin Royer
The following player received entry as a lucky loser:
* Denis Yevseyev

## Champions
### Singles

* Hugo Gaston def. Henri Laaksonen 6–7$^{(6–8)}$, 7–5, 6–1.

### Doubles

* Sadio Doumbia / Fabien Reboul def. Dustin Brown / Szymon Walków 7–6$^{(7–5)}$, 6–4.
# Stuart Haber

Stuart Haber is an American cryptographer and computer scientist, known for his contributions in cryptography and privacy-preserving technologies and widely recognized as the co-inventor of the blockchain. His 1991 paper "How to Time-Stamp a Digital Document”, co-authored with W. Scott Stornetta, won the 1992 Discover Award for Computer Software and is considered to be one of the most important papers in the development of cryptocurrencies.

## Education

Haber studied at Harvard University, graduating magna cum laude in 1978 with a B.A. in mathematics. Haber earned his PhD at Columbia University in 1987 under the advisement of Zvi Galil with a thesis titled Provably Secure Multi-party Cryptographic Computation: Techniques and Applications.

## Career

In 1987, Haber joined Bell Communications Research (Bellcore) as a research scientist. In 1989, Haber met W. Scott Stornetta, his future scientific partner and collaborator, when Stornetta joined Bellcore. In 1994, Haber and Stornetta co-founded Surety Technologies, a spinoff of Bellcore. In 1995, Surety’s offering constituted the first commercial deployment of a blockchain and is currently the oldest continuously running blockchain.
In 2002, Haber joined HP Labs as a research scientist in the Princeton office, working there for 15 years on cryptography and security related problems.
Haber currently serves as a member of the advisory board for Kadena, a hybrid blockchain platform.

## Contributions

Haber's research during his time at Bellcore, along with W. Scott Stornetta, is widely considered to be the foundation for Bitcoin and other digital currencies. Haber and Stornetta are the most cited authors in Satoshi Nakamoto’s original Bitcoin white paper, of the eight citations, three reference their work.
Their 1991 paper "How to Time-Stamp a Digital Document” is where they first describe a system now known as a "blockchain". In this study, Haber and Stornetta sought to create mechanisms to create digital time stamps, offering a solution for maintaining the integrity of digital records and ensuring that they could not be modified or manipulated.
In 1992, Haber, Stornetta, and Dave Bayer incorporated Merkle trees into their design, improving its efficiency by allowing many document certificates to be collected into one block.
In 2018, Haber joined Kadena as an advisor.
# Crunoecia

Crunoecia is a genus of caddisflies belonging to the family Lepidostomatidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe.
Species:
* Crunoecia fortuna Malicky, 2002
* Crunoecia irrorata (Curtis, 1834)
# Credo (Pärt)

"Credo" is a 1968 musical piece by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt. Its text is in Latin.
The length of "Credo" is 12 min. The premiere was on 16 November 1968 in Tallinn. The piece employs elements of dodecaphony, sonorism, collage and aleatoric music. It has been called Pärt's "farewell to twelve-tone music". The performance of "Credo" was banned in the Soviet Union shortly after its premiere.
# Cristina Moros

Cristina Moros (born February 10, 1977) is an American former professional tennis player.
Moros is originally from Florida and was a world number one junior in doubles. Her father Julio, a Venezuelan by birth, is a tennis coach who was a long time assistant to Nick Bollettieri. She is a goddaughter of Bollettieri.
Between 1994 and 1998, Moros played college tennis for the Texas Longhorns and achieved All-American selection in each of her four seasons. In 1995 she was a member of Texas's NCAA championship winning team. She is currently the head coach of the University of South Florida's women's tennis team.

## ITF finals
### Doubles: 1 (0–1)

| Outcome | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | May 17, 2005 | El Paso, United States | Hard | Krista Damico | Beau Jones Anda Perianu | 5–7, 3–6 |
# Chantilly cake

Chantilly cake may refer to:
* Chantilly cake, a cake popular in Hawaii
* Berry chantilly cake, an American cake
# 2022 in Eritrea

Events in the year 2022 in Eritrea.

## Incumbents

| Photo | Post | Name |
| | President | Isaias Afewerki |
| | President of National Assembly | Isaias Afewerki |

## Events

* May 31 – The United Nations says that the Eritrean Defence Forces shelled the Ethiopian border town of Sheraro over the weekend, killing a 14-year-old girl and injuring 18 others.
* September 1 – The Tigray People's Liberation Front claims that Eritrea and Ethiopia have launched a joint offensive in the Tigray Region.

## Deaths

* February 9 – Abune Antonios, 94, Orthodox prelate.
* October 6 – Tekeste Baire, 69, trade union activist (NCEW).
* December 2 – Qerlos, 94, prelate, patriarch of the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (since 2021).
# Cryoturris fargoi

Cryoturris fargoi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 6 mm and 18 mm.

## Distribution

C. fargoi can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Florida, the Bahamas, Colombia and Brazil. in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
# Crinita

Crinita is a genus of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are at least two described species in Crinita from the Middle East.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Crinita:
* Crinita hirtipes (Uvarov, 1923) - type species - locality Jericho, Palestine
* Crinita nigripes (Uvarov, 1929)