OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Case of the Thorns

The Case of the Thorns (1466) YB 6 Ed 4, 7a pl 18 is an important historical court case from the King's Bench in common law torts. The English case, which occurred in the 15th century, is the earliest record of a common law court basing its decision on the now fundamental principle of torts: That if an individual suffers (civil) damages at the hand of another, that individual has a right to be compensated.
The case, technically cited as Hulle v. Orynge 1466. Y.B.M. 6 Edw. IV, folio 7, placitum 18., is still widely used in American law schools in introductory tort classes.

## Background

The defendant owned a 1-acre farm adjoining the plaintiff's 5 acres, which were separated by a hedge of thorn bush. The defendant was trying to retrieve thorns from a dividing hedge which had fallen onto the Plaintiff's property. In retrieving the thorns the defendant had damaged some of the plaintiffs crops; specifically he "trampled and damaged" the crops. The issue was whether the defendant was liable for trespass.

## Rule

Although the decision was divided, the majority held that if a person damages another's property there is a tort even if the action that brought such damages was itself lawful. As Pigot, J states, "And so if a man has a fish-pond in his manor and he empties the water out of the pond to take the fishes and the water floods my land, I shall have a good action, and yet the act was lawful."
* One who voluntarily does an act which results in damages to another is responsible for the damages even if the act was lawful.

## Report

This case excerpt was summarised in Bessy v Olliot & Lambert (1681) as follows.
   "Trespass quare vi et armis clausum fregit, et herbam suam pedibus conculcando consumpsit in six Acres. The defendant pleads, that he hath an Acre lying next the said six Acres, and upon it a Hedge of Thorns, and he cut the Thorns, and they ipso invito fell upon the Plaintiff's Land, and the defendant took them off as soon as he could, which is the same Trespass; and the Plaintiff demurred; and adjudged for the Plaintiff; for though a Man doth a lawful Thing, yet if any damage do thereby befal[l] another, he shall answer for it, if he could have avoided it. As if a Man lop a Tree, and the [Boughs] fall upon another ipso invito, yet an Action lies. If a Manshoot at [Butts], and hurt another unawares, an Action lies. I have Land through which a River runs to your Mill, and I lop the Sallows growing upon the [Riverside], which accidentally stop the Water, so as your Mill is hindered, an action lies. If I am building my own house, and a Piece of Timber falls on my neighbour's house and breaks Part of it, an action lies. If a Man assault me and I lift up my Staff to defend myself, and in lifting it uphit another, an Action lies by that Person, and yet I did a lawful Thing. And the Reason of all these Cases is, because he that is damaged ought to be recompensed. But otherwise it is in Criminal Cases, for there actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea."
# Conlon v Ozolins

Conlon v Ozolins (1984) NZLR 489 is an important New Zealand case involving the legal issues of non est factum and mutual mistake.

## Facts

Mrs. Ozolins, an elderly widow from Latvia in her seventies decided to sell three of the four sections that were behind her house in Albert Street in Palmerston North. She did not intend to sell the fourth section, as it was right behind her house and functioned as her back garden. This fourth section was separated from the three other sections by a six foot high fence. The other three sections formed a bare paddock.
Mr. Conlon, the local milkman, soon agreed to purchase these sections. Unfortunately, Mrs. Ozolin's solicitor in drafting up the sale agreement, misinterpreted her instructions and included the fourth section (effectively her back yard, as well as part of her garage) in the sale agreement.
The vendor did not notice this mistake when she signed it, signing the contract within an hour of receiving it. The mistake soon came to her attention, and she refused to transfer the fourth section to Mr. Conlon, where upon he filed for specific performance in the High Court, and won, with the court ordering her to transfer ownership of the fourth section to Mr. Conlon. Mrs. Ozolins appealed to the New Zealand Court of Appeal.

## Judgment

Mrs. Ozolin's claims for non est factum and for mutual mistake were unsuccessful, as she was negligent in signing a contract that although she could not read, she knew at the time it was a contract to sell her land. However she did win under section 6 (1) (a) (iii) of the Contractual Mistakes Act (1977), and the matter was referred back to the High Court for a remedy to the situation.
# Conete, Haiti

Conete is a village in the Tiburon commune in the Chardonnières Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.
# Cryptachaea riparia

Cryptachaea riparia is a spider species with Palearctic distribution. It is notably found in Lithuania.
# Dryobalanops aromatica

Dryobalanops aromatica, commonly known as Borneo camphor, camphor tree, Malay camphor, or Sumatran camphor, is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name aromatica is derived from Latin (aromaticus meaning spice-like) and refers to the smell of the dammar (resin). This species was one of the main sources of camphor and attracted early Arab traders to Borneo, at that time being worth more than gold, and used for incense and perfumes.
It is found in Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo.
It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m or even 75 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep humic yellow sandy soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least two protected areas (Lambir and Gunung Mulu National Parks).
Bergenin, malaysianol A, laevifonol, ampelopsin E, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin and diptoindonesin A can be isolated from the stem bark of D. aromatica.
Dryobalanops aromatica is one of several tree species known to exhibit a behavior called crown shyness.
# Dryobalanops beccarii

Dryobalanops beccarii, or kapur merah, is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is named after Odoardo Beccari (1843–1920), an Italian explorer and botanist. The species is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It grows as a large emergent tree, up to 65 m (210 ft) tall, and is found in mixed dipterocarp forests on shallow leached soils over both sandstone and shale. Its heavy hardwood is sold under the trade names of kapur. Dryobalanops beccarii is recorded from a number of protected areas including Bako, Gunung Gading, Kubah and Santubong national parks.
# Cumberland House (disambiguation)

Cumberland House is a mansion in London, England.
Cumberland House may also refer to:
* Cumberland House, York, a building in England
* Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, a town and former fur trading post in Canada
* Cumberland House Provincial Park, an historic park in Saskatchewan
* Cumberland House Cree Nation, an Indian reserve in Saskatchewan
# Jonah, Texas

Jonah is an unincorporated community in Williamson County, Texas, United States. As of the 1990 census, the community had a population of 60.
Formed around mills along the San Gabriel river, the community went by several names until 1884, when the name "Jonah" was approved by post office officials. The Jonah school still exists as a community center. In 1972, the Jonah Water Special Utility District was formed and continues to serve the surrounding area.
# The Tower (The Legendary Pink Dots album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
The Tower is a 1984 album by The Legendary Pink Dots. It was the last album which April White (credited as April Iliffe/Sybil Strange-Cargo) appeared on.

## Personnel

* Che Banana (Edward Ka-Spel) - vocals, keyboards, electronics
* Phil Harmonix (Phil Knight) - keyboards, electronics, percussion
* Stret Majest Alarme (Barry Gray) - guitars
* Sybil Strange-Cargo (April Iliffe) - keyboards, vocals
* Patrick Paganini Q (Patrick Wright) - violin, keyboards
* Roland Calloway - bass

## Additional personnel

* Lilly AK (Astrid) - vocals (on track 8)
* Armin Bliss
* Pat Bermingham – engineer
# Neil Mossey

Neil Mossey is a British comedy writer and television producer.
His credits include Bounty Hamster (ITV1), My Parents Are Aliens (ITV1), The RDA with John Gordillo (BBC Choice) and RI:SE (Channel 4).
His radio credits include "It's That Jo Caulfield Again"
# Thoralf

Thoralf is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Thoralf Arndt (born 1966), former professional German footballer
* Thoralf Glad (1878–1969), Norwegian sailor who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
* Thoralf Hagen (1887–1979), Norwegian rower who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics
* Thoralf Klouman (1890–1940), Norwegian satirical illustrator and actor
* Thoralf Knobloch (born 1962), contemporary German painter based in Dresden
* Reidar Thoralf Larsen or Reidar T. Larsen (1923–2012), Norwegian politician
* Thoralf Peters (born 1968), German rower
* Thoralf Pryser (1885–1970), Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor
* Thoralf Rafto or Thorolf Rafto (1922–1986), human rights activist and professor in Economic History
* Thoralf Sandaker (born 1923), Norwegian former rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics
* Thoralf Skolem (1887–1963), Norwegian mathematician who worked in mathematical logic and set theory
* Thoralf Strømstad (1897–1984), Norwegian Nordic skier who was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1923
# When We're Old

"When We're Old" (Lithuanian: Kol myliu) is a song performed by Lithuanian singer Ieva Zasimauskaitė and written by Vytautas Bikus. The song was released as a digital download on 13 February 2018.

## Eurovision Song Contest

It represented Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 after winning "Eurovizijos" dainų konkurso nacionalinė atranka. The song competed in the first semi-final, held on 8 May 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal and was one of the ten qualifiers of the night. The song finished 12th with 181 points at the grand final, including 91 points from televote (10th place) and 90 points from the juries (11th place).

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Scotland (OCC) | 88 |
| Sweden Heatseeker (Sverigetopplistan) | 10 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 94 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| Worldwide | 13 February 2018 | Digital download | Self-released |
# Opacoptera callirrhabda

Opacoptera callirrhabda is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1936. It is found in China.
# Domenico Parodi

Domenico Parodi (1672 – 19 December 1742, in Genoa) was an Italian painter, as well as a sculptor and architect, of the late-Baroque. He was the son of the famous Genoese sculptor Filippo Parodi and the older brother of the Baroque painter Giovanni Battista Parodi (1674-1730)

## Biography

Domenico was initially apprenticed with in Venice Sebastiano Bombelli, then, in the early 1690s, working in the studios of Carlo Maratta and then under Maratta's pupil Paolo Girolamo Piola. Among his pupils were Nicolo Malatto, Angiolo Rossi, Batista Parodi (his brother); and son Domenico. Domenico Junior resided in Lisbon, and was a celebrated portrait painter in his day. Another pupil, briefly, was Francesco Campora. He frescoed a hall in Palazzo Negroni.
# Virgie McFarland

Virgie Belle Smith McFarland (1877 – January 24, 1971) was instrumental in establishing the first Aberdeen Women's Exchange in 1918.

## Early life

Virgie Belle Smith McFarland was born in 1877 in Keosauqua, Iowa, the daughter of William Dixon Smith (1819-1911) and Ruth E. Maple (1839-1923).

## Career

She was an educator and wrote articles and stories for eastern syndicate.
She was instrumental in establishing the first Aberdeen Women's Exchange in 1918.
She was chairman of the Playfield Commission.
She was a member of the Harbor Civic Club, Sorosis Club and Writers Club.

## Personal life

Virgie McFarland moved to Washington in 1888 and lived in Aberdeen, Washington. She married George Mcfarland (1870-1943) and had four children, Ruth Puphal, Frank, Virgil George McFarland (1902-1973), Elizabeth "Betty".
She died on January 24, 1971, and is buried at Fern Hill Cemetery, also located in Aberdeen, Washington.
# Clavatoma pulchra

Clavatoma pulchra is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies

## Description

The length of the shell attains 25 mm. It is solid and heavily sculptured.

## Distribution

This extinct species is endemic to New Zealand and was found in Pliocene strata of Opoitian and Waipipian rocks of northern Wairarapa
# Claudia Salvarani

Claudia Salvarani (born 8 March 1975) is a former Italian female middle-distance runner.

## Biography

She won six national championships at senior level, 5 outdoor, and one indoor. Her personal best 2:01.23, set in Paris 1999, is the 11th best Italian performance of all-time. In 1999 her crono was also the 60th world best performance of the year in the IAAF season's lists.

## National titles

* Italian Athletics Championships
** 800 metres: 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003
* Italian Athletics Indoor Championships
** 800 metres: 1997
# Dentalium ecostatum

Dentalium ecostatum is a species of tusk shell, a marine scaphopod mollusk in the family Dentaliidae.
This species is endemic to New Zealand waters.
# Claydon High School

Claydon High School is a relatively small mixed secondary school in Claydon, Suffolk, England. The school is on the outskirts of Ipswich, just off the A14 and close to the A12 southbound. It shared a joint sixth form with Thurleston High School until July 2010, when their sixth form closed.
On 1 June 2017, Claydon High School joined the South Suffolk Learning Trust, a multi-academy trust.

## History

On 1 June, Claydon High School converted to an academy when it joined the South Suffolk Learning Trust.
Following the end of 2016/2017 academic year, headmistress Sarah Skinner announced that she would take the position of Chief Executive at the newly formed South Suffolk Learning Trust from September–March as a secondment while remaining as 'Executive Headteacher' during this time.

## Academic performance

Ofsted (September 2021) judged the school to be "good" in addition to students being praised for their good behaviour.
The strengths of the school include a strong and effective safeguarding culture, high expectations for how students behave and a well-considered curriculum where teachers with strong subject knowledge teach content which allows students to develop a depth of knowledge and understanding.

## Notable visitors

* Ex gold medalist Jamie Baulch visited the school on 19 October 2011 with the Jamie Baulch Academy.
* MP Dr Dan Poulter and councillor Chris Chambers visited Claydon High School to talk to members of CHS's school council in late October 2021. The MP and students discussed current affairs as well as asking questions on behalf of their peer groups.
# List of black walnut diseases

This article is a list of diseases of black walnuts (Juglans nigra).

## Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases :
| Bacterial blight | Xanthomonas juglandis |

## Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases :
| Anthracnose | Gnomonia leptostyla Marssonina juglandis [anamorph] |
| Cylindrocladium root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium Calonectria kyotensis [teleomorph] Cylindrocladiella parva = Cylindrocladium parvum |
| Fusarium canker | Fusarium sporotrichioides Fusarium solani Fusarium lateritium Fusarium oxysporum |
| Leaf spot | Mycosphaerella juglandis Cylindrosporium juglandis [anamorph] |
| Nectria canker | Nectria galligena |
| Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora citricola Phytophthora cinnamomi |
| Seedling shoot dieback | Phomopsis arnoldiae = Phomopsis elaeagni |
| Thousand cankers disease | Geosmithia fungus |
| Walnut bunch | Phytoplasma organism |
| White mold | Microstroma juglandis |
| White trunk rot | Phellinus igniarius |
| Wood decay | Schizophyllum commune Hypochnicium vellereum Trametes versicolor Phellinus gilvus Peniophora cinerea Hericium coralloides |
| Zonate leaf spot | Grovesinia pyramidalis |

## Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic :
| Lesion nematodes | Pratylenchus musicola |
| Root-knot nematodes | Meloidogyne spp. |
# Claude Taylor (rower)

Claude Waterhouse Hearn Taylor CBE, DSO (born 19 October 1880) was an English rower who twice won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta.
Taylor was born in London, the son of John Henry Taylor. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. At Cambridge he was librarian of the Pitt Club. He rowed for Cambridge in the Boat Race in 1901, 1902 and 1903. He was president of Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) in 1902 and Cambridge won the race in 1902 and 1903. In 1902 Taylor won the Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta with William Dudley Ward. He won Silver Goblets again in 1904, this time partnering Claude Goldie.
Taylor served in the First World War in the 3rd Battalion, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment. He was a captain and brevet major in the Special Reserve of Officers. Taylor was Mentioned in Despatches four times and awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1919. He was awarded the Order of the Redeemer, 4th Class and the Medal of Military Merit, 3rd Class by the Kingdom of Greece. He was also awarded the Order of the White Eagle with Swords, 4th Class by the Kingdom of Serbia. He was made CBE in 1919, and relinquished his commission on 1 April 1920.
Taylor was subsequently General Manager of the Carthagena Railway in Panama.
Taylor married Margaret Edyth Syra Jameson of Sunninghill, Berkshire.
# Villa de Álvarez

Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez is a city in the Mexican state of Colima. It is the municipal seat of Villa de Álvarez municipality. The city is adjacent to the northwest side of the state capital city of Colima and the two can be considered as "twin cities", with Ciudad de Villa de Álvarez having a 2005 census population of 97,701 and Colima having a population of 123,597. They are both part of the Colima-Villa de Álvarez metropolitan area, which includes the population of Colima municipality (132,237) and Villa de Álvarez municipality (100,121). The city and the municipality of Villa de Álvarez both rank third in the state in their respective categories in population, behind only Colima itself and Manzanillo. Villa de Álvarez municipality has an area of 428.4 km² (165.4 sq mi).
# Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma

Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a solitary, firm skin lesion on the face.$^{:672}$ Familial cases have been reported suggesting a possible genetic link.
The diagnosis is made based on clinical and morphological features. Differential diagnosis includes trichoepithelioma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, and syringoma.
Surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is more common in females and usually affects children or adults.

## Signs and symptoms

Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma manifests as a firm, soft, or white to yellowish annular nodule or papule on the cheeks or face with a central indentation.

## Causes

Familial desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas have been reported suggesting a possible genetic link.

## Diagnosis

Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma can be diagnosed based on clinical and morphological features. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma may resemble other tumors such as conventional trichoepithelioma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, and syringoma both clinically and histopathologically.

## Treatment

The preferred course of treatment is surgical excision. Nonetheless, Mohs microscopic surgery is the method of choice for lesions, particularly those on the face.

## Epidemiology

Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is more common in females. It has a bimodal age distribution and usually affects adults or small children. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma accounts for less than 1% of all cutaneous tumors.
# Desmophlebium

Desmophlebium is a genus of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, it is the only genus in the family Desmophlebiaceae. Other sources place it in a more widely defined Aspleniaceae.

## Taxonomy

The family and genus were erected in 2016, following a molecular phylogenetic study. It was shown that the species previously known as Diplazium lechleri was sister to a clade formed by the families Hemidictyaceae and Aspleniaceae, considerably removed from the Athyriaceae where it had previously been classified. Accordingly, a new genus and family were created and Diplazium lechleri transferred to Desmophlebium lechleri. Another species was added to the genus on the basis of its morphology.
The generic name refers to the distinctive thickened vein running just inside the edge of a pinna (submarginal) connecting the ends of other veins. The authors derived it from the Greek δεσμός, desmos, meaning 'band', combined with φλεβός, phlebos, meaning 'vein'. (Phlebos is the genitive of φλέψ, phleps, 'vein'.)
In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family Desmophlebiaceae is a member of the subclass Polypodiidae (the leptosporangiate ferns), order Polypodiales, suborder Aspleniineae – a group known informally as "eupolypods II". A consensus cladogram showing one hypothesis for its relationship to other families in the suborder is:

### Species

As of July 2019, Plants of the World Online accepts two species:
* Desmophlebium lechleri (Mett.) Mynssen, A.Vasco, Sylvestre, R.C.Moran & Rouhan
* Desmophlebium longisorum (Baker) Mynssen, A.Vasco, Sylvestre, R.C.Moran & Rouhan
# Agrius cingulata

Agrius cingulata, the pink-spotted hawkmoth or sweetpotato hornworm, is a moth in the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775.

## Description

The imago has a wingspan of 3+3⁄4 to 4+3⁄4 inches (9.5–12 cm). Its robust body is gray brown with pink bands. The abdomen tapers to a point. The hindwings are gray with black bands and pink at the bases.
* Female
* Female underside
* Male
* Male underside

## Biology

The imago is nocturnal. It feeds on the nectar from deep-throated flowers including moonflower (Calonyction aculeatum), morning glories (Convolvulus species), and petunias (Petunia species).
The larva is a large, stout caterpillar with a horn. It feeds during the day and the night on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Datura species, and other plants. It is known as a pest of sweet potato.

## Distribution

This is mainly a neotropical species, and the adults migrate north to Canada and south to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. It can also be found in the Galápagos Islands and Hawaii. It has been reported from western Europe, including Portugal and the United Kingdom. It has recently become established in West Africa and Cape Verde, possibly having originated in Brazil.

## Gallery

* Adult variation
* Caterpillar
# Neil Moss

Neil Moss may refer to:
* Neil Moss (caver), victim of a famous caving accident in Derbyshire, England
* Neil Moss (footballer), footballer for AFC Bournemouth