OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Pakistan at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

Pakistan competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom from August 29 to September 9, 2012.

## Athletics
### Men’s Track and Road Events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Haider Ali | 100m T38 | — | — | 15.89 | 9 |
| Naeem Masih | 1500m T46 | 4:51.35 | 9 | did not advance | did not advance |

### Men’s Field Events

| Athlete | Event | Distance | Rank |
| Haider Ali | Long Jump F37-38 | NM | NM |
# Pakistan at the 2014 Asian Para Games

Pakistan participated at the 2014 Asian Para Games which was held in Incheon, South Korea from 18 to 24 October 2014. Pakistan's only medal was a bronze in athletics.

## Medals summary
### Medals by sport

Medals by sport :
| Sport | | | | Total |
| Athletics | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

### Medalist

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| Bronze | Muhammad Awais | Athletics | Men's Javelin Throw F37/38 |
# German submarine U-542

German submarine U-542 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was laid down at the Deutsche Werft (yard) in Hamburg as yard number 363 on 12 June 1942, launched on 19 January 1943 and commissioned on 7 April with Oberleutnant zur See Christian-Brandt Coester in command.
U-542 began her service career with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla from 7 April 1943. She was reassigned to the 10th flotilla for operations on 1 October.
She carried out one patrol and did not sink any ships. She was a member of three wolfpacks.
She was sunk on 28 November 1943 north of Madeira by a British aircraft.

## Design

German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. U-542 had a displacement of 1,144 tonnes (1,126 long tons) when at the surface and 1,257 tonnes (1,237 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.86 m (22 ft 6 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.67 m (15 ft 4 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 63 nautical miles (117 km; 72 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 13,850 nautical miles (25,650 km; 15,940 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-542 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) SK C/30 as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.

## Service history
### Patrol and loss

The boat departed Kiel on 21 October 1943, moved through the North Sea, negotiated the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and entered the Atlantic Ocean.
She was sunk on 28 November 1943 north of Madeira by depth charges dropped from a British Vickers Wellington of No. 179 Squadron RAF.
Fifty-six men died; there were no survivors.

### Wolfpacks

U-542 took part in three wolfpacks, namely:
* Eisenhart 1 (9 – 15 November 1943)
* Schill 3 (18 – 22 November 1943)
* Weddigen (22 – 28 November 1943)
# Germagnat

Germagnat (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Ain department in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Nivigne et Suran.
# Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix

Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix (5 February 1698 – 25 August 1776) was an 18th-century French writer and playwright.

## Life

He served with the musketeers until he was 36, distinguishing himself at Guastalla in 1734. He then left the army and purchased a post as "maître des eaux et forêts" in Rennes. He published his first comedy, Pandore, in 1721 and from 1740 devoted himself entirely to writing, setting up in Paris and becoming a fashionable author there. He wrote 20 comedies in all.
In 1764 he was made historian of the ordre du Saint-Esprit. The jurist Auguste-Marie Poullain-Duparc was his brother.

## Works

* Pandore (1721)
* Lettres d’une Turque à Paris (1730), in imitation of the Persian Letters by Montesquieu - reissued under the titles Lettres de Nedim Koggia (1732) and Lettres turques (1760)
* L’Oracle (1740)
* Deucalion et Pyrrha (1741)
* L’Île sauvage (1743)
* Le Sylphe (1743)
* Les Grâces (1744)
* Julie (1746)
* Egérie (1747)
* Les Veuves turques (1747)
* Les Métaphores (1748)
* La Colonie (1749)
* Le Rival supposé (1749)
* Les Hommes (1753)
* Essais historiques sur Paris, 5 vol. (London, 1754–1757)
* Le Financier (1761)
* Origine de la Maison de France (1761)
* Histoire de l’Ordre du Saint-Esprit (1767)
* Lettres au sujet de l'homme au masque de fer (1768)

## Sources

* Jean de Viguerie, Histoire et dictionnaire du temps des Lumières, Robert Laffont, "Bouquins" collection, Paris, 1995 ISBN 2-221-04810-5
# Painted Ladies (novel)

Painted Ladies, first published in 2010, is the 39th book in Robert B. Parker's Spenser series.
Spenser investigates the theft of a famous painting from the Hammond Museum.
# Dmytro Zipchen

Dmytro Zipchen (August 10, 1905 – June 25, 1996) was a Ukrainian-born farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Redberry from 1952 to 1956 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.
He was born in Horodenka in Western Ukraine and came to Canada with his family in 1906. The family settled on a homestead near Hafford, Saskatchewan. Zipchen was educated in rural schools and at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1935, he married Mary Maksymiuk. Besides farming, Zipchen also worked as a weed inspector and as an auctioneer. He also worked at the local Liquor Board store and operated a farm implement business. Zipchen served on the town council for Hafford and was reeve for the Rural Municipality of Redberry. He was also chairman of the Hafford Union Hospital Board and a founding member of the Hafford Co-op Association and the Hafford Credit Union. Zipchen was defeated by Bernard Korchinski when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1956.
# Gerontius Glacier

Gerontius Glacier (69°31′S 70°34′W﻿ / ﻿69.517°S 70.567°W﻿ / -69.517; -70.567) is a glacier flowing north from the Elgar Uplands into Tufts Pass in northern Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was so named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1977, association with the nearby uplands, from The Dream of Gerontius, a work for chorus, solo voices and orchestra by Edward Elgar. It is named after the oratorio The Dream of Gerontius by the British composer Edward Elgar from 1900.
# War Idaad

War Idaad, also known as Wandad, Waridad, or Waridud is a town in Aynabo District, in the Sool region of Somaliland. In 2008, the surrounding villages were combined and promoted to "War Idaad District", and several more surrounding districts were combined to form the new "Saraar Region" (Gobolka Saraar). In 2020, these became Aynabo District of the Sool Region.

## History

In March 2008, Somaliland President Dahir Riyale Kahin announced the creation of 16 new districts in six regions, and War Idaad became part of the Saraar region. However, this was criticized as a popularity contest for election purposes.
In September 2016, a delegation led by the President of Somaliland paid a visit to War Idaad.
In November 2016, War Idaad district went into drought and Somaliland Minerals Minister Hussein Abdi Dualeh supplied food and water provided by Genel Energy to a total of 1,600 households in War Idaad and Balli Caraale districts. In March, residents of Cara Madow, in the Walidad district, received a donation from the Somaliland community in Norway. The international aid agency Islamic Relief distributed relief supplies to 400 internally displaced families in War Idaad. However, it is reported that the supplies were not necessarily delivered to the hardest-hit areas, but were diverted to other areas at the behest of powerful politicians.
In April 2018, the Cali Bare branch of the Habr Je'lo clan protested that they were not included in the Somaliland government and military cadres. The Cali Bare branch is based in Oog, but some of them also live in War Idaad.
In November 2018, Saraar district police station arrested 10 people and seized six vehicles for destroying trees in an area of 200 square kilometers for illegal charcoal manufacturing in War Idaad. The charcoal production is believed to be an act of destruction of pastureland which is flourishing in the district. The funding for this illegal production reportedly comes from the residents of Puntland.
In November 2018, a delegation led by the President of Somaliland toured this area and visited War Idaad, where they were welcomed.
In January 2019, Somaliland Insurance Minister Hinda Jama Hersi broke ground on a maternal and child health center in War Idaad, using donations from Qatar. It was completed in May.
In March 2019, a number of residents of War Idaad district contracted diphtheria and were being treated at a hospital in Aynaba, where two people died.
Heavy rainfall of 115 mm in May 2020 in War Idaad partially damaged 70 houses in low-lying areas and 50 other houses.
# Walter Mulholland

Sir William Walter Mulholland OBE (8 January 1887 – 9 November 1971) was a notable New Zealand farmer and farmers' union leader. He was born in Greendale, North Canterbury, New Zealand, on 8 January 1887.
Mullholland was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, for services as the president of the Farmers' Union, in the 1946 New Year Honours. In the 1956 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Bachelor, for services to farming.
# Gert Cornelius Nel

Gert Cornelius Nel (6 April 1885– 16 February 1950) was a South African botanist. His formal botanical author abbreviation is Nel.
The genus Nelia, a flowering plant of the family Aizoaceae, is named in his honor.

## Biography

Nel was born in 1885 in Greytown, Natal Colony on a farm. He earned a BA at the University of Stellenbosch then earned a doctorate in botany at the University of Berlin under both Adolf Engler and Gottlieb Haberlandt. Nel emphasized African plant species in his studies, especially in the families Amaryllidaceae and Hypoxidaceae. He provided numerous first descriptions of species of the genera Forbesia, Ianthe, Hypoxis, and Rhodohypoxis.
In 1921, Nel became a professor of botany at the University of Stellenbosch, a position he would hold until his death.
Nel published the first book on the plant genus Lithops in the family Aizoaceae in 1946, entitled Lithops. Lithops are native to southern Africa and known for their stone-like appearance.
Nel died in Stellenbosch in 1950.

## Legacy

The genus Nelia, discovered in 1928 by Gustav Schwantes, is named after Nel. Other succulent plant species are also named after Nel, including:
* Braunsia nelii
* Conophytum nelianum
* Euphorbia nelii
* Gasteria neliana
* Gibbaeum nelii
* Glottiphyllum nelii
* Hereroa nelii
* Herrea nelii
* Stapelia neliana
# Wan Tsui (constituency)

Wan Tsui (Chinese: 環翠) is one of the 35 constituencies in the Eastern District.
The constituency returns one district councillor to the Eastern District Council, with an election every four years. The seat was last held by Ng Cheuk-ip.
Wan Tsui has estimated population of 15,594.

## Councillors represented

| Election | Member | Party | % |
| 1994 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | 54.49 |
| 1999 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | 76.30 |
| 2003 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | N/A |
| 2007 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | 63.48 |
| 2011 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | N/A |
| 2015 | Kung Pak-cheung | DAB | 60.80 |
| 2019 | Ng Cheuk-ip→Vacant | Independent democrat | 54.01 |

## Election results
### 2010s

Eastern District Council Election, 2019: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Ind. democrat | Ng Cheuk-ip | 3,412 | 54.01 | |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | 2,866 | 45.37 | −15.43 |
| | Nonpartisan | Wong Kam-yin | 39 | 0.62 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 546 | 8.46 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,342 | 68.93 | |
| | Ind. democrat gain from DAB | Ind. democrat gain from DAB | Swing | | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2015: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | 2,227 | 60.80 |
| | Civic | Chow Wing-yee | 1,436 | 39.20 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 791 | 21.60 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,663 | 43.39 |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2011: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | uncontested | | |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | | |

### 2000s

Eastern District Council Election, 2007: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | 2,335 | 63.48 |
| | Independent | Ng King-wah | 1,231 | 34.52 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,104 | 28.96 |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | |
Eastern District Council Election, 2003: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | uncontested | | |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | | |

### 1990s

Eastern District Council Election, 1999: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | 2,782 | 76.30 | +21.81 |
| | Democratic | Yeung Kin-tak | 864 | 23.70 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,918 | 52.60 | |
| | DAB hold | DAB hold | Swing | | |
Eastern District Board Election, 1994: Wan Tsui :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DAB | Kung Pak-cheung | 1,488 | 54.49 | |
| | Liberal | Cheung Hon-ting | 675 | 24.72 | |
| | Independent | Ka Ting-pong | 568 | 20.80 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 813 | 29.77 | |
| | DAB win (new seat) | DAB win (new seat) | DAB win (new seat) | DAB win (new seat) | DAB win (new seat) |
# Morrell's Brewing Company

Morrell's Brewing Company, also known as the Lion Brewery, was the only major brewery in Oxford, England. It operated between 1782 and 1998.

## Early history

Morrell's was founded by Richard Tawney in 1743 as the Lion Brewery. In 1782 he formed a partnership with Mark and James Morrell, who eventually became the owners. 1863 and 1864 saw the deaths of James Morrell and his wife Alicia leaving the brewery to their ten year old daughter Emily Morrell. Her inheritance was put under the control of three trustees who tried to deal with Emily's crush on a distant cousin by sending her away to an aunt and forbidding any communication between the pair.
Morrell's brewed its beers at the Lion Brewery in St Thomas Street. In the 19th century Morrell's redeveloped and extended the Lion Brewery a number of times. A large brewing shed was added in 1879, a blacksmith's shop and engine house in 1880, a further shed and new yard in 1882, stables in 1889, new offices in 1892, a tun room in 1895, further offices in 1897 and a tall octagonal chimney in 1901. All these developments were designed by the local architect Harry Drinkwater, who also designed a number of the company's pubs.
The Lion Brewery was powered by a waterwheel on Castle Mill Stream, a branch of the River Thames. This was supplemented by steam engines for which the engine house was built. One rotative beam engine that was built for the Lion Brewery in about 1826 remained in service until 1964 and is now preserved at the Abbey Pumping Station, Leicester.
The Morrell family lived at Headington Hill Hall and their estate included South Park. The family included Philip Morrell (1870–1943), who was a Liberal MP 1906–18 and was married to Lady Ottoline Morrell. In 1929–31 Morrell Avenue was built along the south side of South Park. The family also owned the village of Streatley and one side of the family lived there, until Emily Morrell died in 1938, when the estate was sold.
After an acrimonious family dispute the brewery was closed in 1998. Refresh UK bought the beer brands and for a time Thomas Hardy Burtonwood was contracted to brew them. Marston's acquired Refresh UK in 2008 and now brew Morrells beers.

## Post-brewing operations

In 1998 Michael Cannon, owner of the US hamburger chain Fuddruckers, bought Morrell's 132 tied pubs for £48 million through a new company, Morrells of Oxford. In 2002 Cannon sold 107 of the pubs to Greene King for £67 million.

### Development of the Lion Brewery site

The Lion Brewery site was redeveloped for luxury apartments in 2002. The waterwheel and yellow brick chimney were retained but only the façades were retained of the other buildings.
# Dluskis

Dluskis is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Boleslovas Dluskis (1829–1905), Lithuanian painter, doctor, and rebel against the Russian Empire
* Mykolas Dluskis (1760 – 1821), Lithuanian painter
# Warwick High School

Warwick High School may refer to:
* Warwick High School (Pennsylvania) in Lititz, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
* Warwick High School (Virginia) in Newport News, Virginia
# Mount Irvine

Mount Irvine may refer to:
* Mount Irvine (Antarctica)
* Mount Irvine, New South Wales a mountain and locality in Australia
* Mount Irvine (California), a mountain in the Sierra Nevada of California
* Mount Irvine (New York), a mountain
* Mount Irvine Bay Golf Club, a golf course in Trinidad and Tobago
# Mount Yemlikli

Mount Yemlikli, also Emlikli, Emlik'li (Georgian: ემლიქლი) is a 3,054 m (10,020 ft) tall mountain near Saghamo (village in Georgia) and between the Georgian provinces of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Kvemo Kartli. Yemlikli is one of the high peaks of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains and is in the Javakheti Range.
# Germaine Hoerner

Germaine Hoerner (26 January 1905 – 19 May 1972) was a French operatic soprano.

## Biography

Born in Strasbourg, Hoerner won First Prizes in singing and lyrical art at the Conservatoire de Paris, and made her debut at the Paris Opera in 1929 in Wagner's Die Walküre. She distinguished herself in the great Wagnerian roles, Elsa (Lohengrin), Elisabeth (Tannhäuser), Gutrune (Götterdämmerung) and Senta (Der fliegende Holländer) which she created at the Palais Garnier. Then she turned to the Italian bel canto, notably in the title role of Verdi's Aida, and Desdémone in Otello. She approached the French repertoire with Marguerite in Berlioz's La damnation de Faust, Valentine in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Brunehild in Reyer's Sigurd, Bonté in Magnard's Guercœur, returned to the Germanic repertoire with Léonore in Beethoven's Fidelio, the Marschallin in Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier. In 1960, she retired from the stage and devoted herself to teaching in Strasbourg where she died in 1972.
# Mount Vernon Hospital, Barnsley

The Mount Vernon Hospital was a health facility in Mount Vernon Road, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. It was managed by South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust.

## History

The hospital was established when a private house, previously owned by the Cooper family, was converted into a tuberculosis sanatorium in May 1915. It joined the National Health Service in 1948. Many of the older buildings were subsequently demolished and the site was redeveloped as a geriatric hospital with the new facilities being officially opened by the Princess Royal in 1961. Additional wards were added in 1974. After services had transferred to Barnsley Hospital, Mount Vernon hospital closed in December 2017. The site was subsequently sold to Orion Homes to facilitate residential development.
# Cyrus Kinne Porter

Cyrus Kinne Porter (August 27, 1828 - January 30, 1910) was a prominent architect in Buffalo, New York, during the Victorian era, known for the many churches he designed throughout the city of Buffalo.

## Early life

Porter was born in Cicero, New York, on August 27, 1828, to Welcome Porter (1805–1845) and Rachel Kinne. He was orphaned at age 17 when he learned the trade of a joiner. He studied architectural drawing, and became an accomplished draftsman.
Porter was a descendant of Robert Porter, who emigrated from England to the American Colonies and became one of the founders of Farmington, Connecticut, where he settled in 1640. Robert's son, Thomas, was the father of Nathaniel, who was the father of David, who purchased a farm in Cicero, NY, about 1812 or 1813, and resided there till his death. Cyrus Porter's grandfather, David, who married Esther, the daughter of Gideon and Hannah (née Messenger) Burr, were the parents of Cyrus' father, Welcome Porter.

## Career

In 1853, he became employed as a draftsman for the Chicago Water Works, then from 1855 to 1856 ran an architectural office in Brantford, Ontario, with partner John Turner (1807–1887). In 1865, Porter moved to Buffalo, entering into partnership with H. M. Wilcox as Wilcox & Porter, and designing buildings including the Ovid Insane Asylum and Normal schools at Fredonia, Cortland, and Potsdam. He subsequently designed a large number of buildings in Buffalo under various partnerships including Porter and Watkins (1874), Porter and Percival (1880–1883), and Porter and Son (1888–1910).

### Prominent works

Some of his best-known works in Buffalo are:
* The American Block
* The Coal and Iron Exchange (before 1883, now demolished)
* The Buffalo Cyclorama Building (1888)
* The Builders' Exchange
* Trinity Church on Delaware Avenue (1886)
* The Church of the Holy Name (1904)
* St. Patrick's Church
* The Disciples of Christ Church
* Richmond Avenue Church of Christ (1886)
* The William Hengerer Company store (1904 with 2 story addition in 1910)

## Personal life

On December 4, 1854, Porter married Edna Marie Smith (d. 1857), the daughter of Stafford and Lucy Smith of Waterford, Ontario. Before her early death, they had one child, a son who died in infancy. Porter married for the second time, to Emeline Rice, the daughter of Jesse and Ellen (née Holmes) Rice of Townsend, Ontario. Together, they had two sons and three daughters, including:
* Edna M. Porter (1860- )
* Jesse R. Porter (1861-1929)
* Hermione T. Porter
* Minnie K. Porter.
* Cyrus K. Porter Jr. (b. 1873), also an architect who married Belle T. Weekes, daughter of Robert Stratton Weekes, of New York City, in 1904.
Two of his children went on to become architects with his son, Jesse, becoming his partner. Jesse designed the Plymouth Avenue Methodist Church his daughter Edna studied architecture at Cornell University, having graduated from Buffalo High School in 1881.