OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ritz

Ritz or The Ritz may refer to:

## Facilities and structures
### Hotels

* The Ritz Hotel, London, a hotel in London, England
** Ritz Club casino
* Hôtel Ritz Paris, a hotel in Paris, France
* Hotel Ritz (Madrid), a hotel in Madrid, Spain
* Hotel Ritz (Lisbon), a hotel in Lisbon, Portugal
* The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, parent company to the Ritz-Carlton hotel chain
** Ritz-Carlton Atlantic City, a former hotel in New Jersey, United States
** The Ritz-Carlton Millenia Singapore, a hotel in Singapore
** Ritz-Carlton Montreal, a hotel in Montreal, Canada
** Ritz-Carlton Tokyo, a hotel in Roppongi, Tokyo, Japan
** Ritz-Carlton Hotel (New York City), a former hotel in New York City
** Ritz-Carlton, Riyadh, a hotel in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
* Ritz Beach Club, a former beach resort in South Andros, Andros, Bahamas

### Other structures

* Ritz (Austin, Texas), a historic theater
* Ritz Cinema (disambiguation)
* Ritz Theatre (disambiguation)
* Ritz Tower, a residential building in New York City
* The Ritz (Manchester), a Manchester, England Rock club, in which Ian Gillan and The Charlatans have both recorded
* The Ritz (rock club), a New York City Rock club that existed in the 1980s and early 1990s

## People

* César Ritz (1850–1918), hotelier
* Charles Ritz (1891–1976), son of César Ritz
* Glenda Ritz (born 1954), Indiana politician
* Walther Ritz (1878–1909), theoretical physicist
* Rosalie Ritz (1923–2008), pioneering courtroom artist
* David Ritz (born c. 1942), author
* Gerry Ritz (born 1951), Canadian federal politician
* Ritz Brothers, comedy team from the 1920s through the 1960s
* Dathan Ritzenhein (born 1982), American distance runner and Olympian, often referred to as "Ritz"
* Rittz (Jonathan McCollum; born 1980), American rapper
* DiDa Ritz, American drag queen

### Fictional characters

* Fritzi Ritz, a major character in the long-running comic strip Nancy (comic strip).
* Ritz Malheur, a fictional character in Final Fantasy Tactics Advance

## Music

* "Ritz", a rock song on The Psychomodo album by Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel
* The Ritz (quartet), a barbershop quartet that won the International Championship in 1991

## Television, theatre, films

* The Ritz (film), the 1976 film version of the play
* The Ritz (play), a 1975 Broadway play by Terrence McNally
* The Ritz (TV series), a 1987 BBC television series

## Other uses

* Ritz (cigarette), a Portuguese brand
* Ritz (crater), a lunar impact crater located on the far side of the Moon
* Ritz Camera & Image, in the United States
* Ritz Crackers, a brand of snack crackers
* Ritz Metro, a Mexican snack
* Ritz Newspaper, sometimes Ritz Magazine, a defunct UK fashion and gossip periodical
* Ritz Video, a chain of video rental stores in the United Kingdom that was bought out by Blockbuster
* Maruti Suzuki Ritz, the Indian version of the Suzuki Splash, a hatchback city car
* Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
* Ritz method (mathematics)
# Happy Days (Ai Otsuka song)

"Happy Days" is Ai Otsuka's fourth single. The title track was used as background music in the Morinaga ICE BOX CM, which starred Otsuka, and as the theme of Koukousei Quiz 2004 on Nihon TV. It also contained a new b-side song "Hoshikuzu" (星くず) and instrumental versions of both songs. Number three Oricon charts.

## Track list

All tracks are written by Ai Otsuka

## Sales

Total estimate: 163,433
# Julsennosi

Julsennosi is a mountain in the municipality of Hol in Buskerud, Norway.
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak in Buskerud is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# William McCauley

William McCauley may refer to:
* William McCauley (American football), American football player and coach
* William F. McCauley, United States Navy admiral
* William J. McCauley, American attorney and politician
* Bill McCauley, Major League Baseball player
# Sông Mã

Sông Mã may refer to:
* Mã River, a river in Vietnam and Laos
* Sông Mã district, Sơn La province, Vietnam
* Sông Mã (township) in Sông Mã district
* Sông Mã Range along the border between Laos and Vietnam
# Stirtonia

Stirtonia may refer to:
* Stirtonia (lichen), a genus of lichen in the family Arthoniaceae
* Stirtonia (mammal), a genus of extinct New World monkey
* Stirtonisorex, a genus of extinct shrew formerly known as Stirtonia
* Stirtonanthus, a genus of legumes formerly known as Stirtonia
# Saint George's Channel (Papua New Guinea)

Saint George's Channel in the Bismarck Archipelago, lies between New Ireland and New Britain. It is named by analogy with St George's Channel between Great Britain and Ireland.

## History

During World War II Saint George's Channel was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy connecting Rabaul to the open sea and for ships bound for the Solomon Islands. Allied missions against Japanese forces at Cape St. George and St. George's Channel were conducted at December 31, 1942 - October 26, 1944.
# Where Death Is Most Alive

Where Death Is Most Alive is the second live album by Swedish melodic death metal band Dark Tranquillity, released on October 26, 2009. It was also released in a limited edition two-CD – two-DVD boxset as well as two-CD format. Only the live performance in Milan was released also on the CD version.

## DVD Disc 1
### Live in Milan - October 31st, 2008

* "Intro"
* "The Treason Wall"
* "The New Build"
* "Focus Shift"
* "The Lesser Faith"
* "The Wonders At Your Feet"
* "Lost To Apathy"
* "FreeCard"
* "Inside The Particle Storm"
* "Nothing To No One"
* "Edenspring"
* "Insanity's Crescendo"
* "Lethe"
* "Dreamlore Degenerate"
* "Misery's Crown"
* "ThereIn"
* "My Negation"
* "Yesterworld/Punish My Heaven"
* "The Mundane And The Magic"
* "Final Resistance"
* "Terminus (Where Death Is Most Alive)"

### Track Information

* Track 1 is from Where Death Is Most Alive
* Tracks 2 & 20 are from Damage Done.
* Tracks 3, 7 & 17 are from Character
* Tracks 4, 5, 9, 10, 15, 19 & 21 are from Fiction
* Tracks 6 is from Haven
* Tracks 8 & 16 are from Projector
* Tracks 11, 13 & 18 are from The Gallery
* Tracks 12 & 14 are from The Mind's I
* Track 18 is from A Moonclad Reflection

## DVD Disc 2
### Out Of Nothing – The DT Documentary

* "Out Of Nothing – The DT Documentary"

### Promo videos

* "ThereIn" (Official Video)
* "Monochromatic Stains" (Official Video)
* "Lost To Apathy" (Official Video)
* "The New Build" (Official Video)
* "Focus Shift" (Official Video)
* "Terminus (Where Death Is Most Alive)" (Official Video)
* "Misery's Crown" (Official Video)

### The Live Archive

* "Only Time Can Tell" (Rehearsal, Billdal 1991)
* "The Dying Fragments Of An Enderly Dream" (Valvet, Gothenburg 1991)
* "Soulbreed" (Ljungskile 1991)
* "Yesterworld" (Musikens Hus, Gothenburg 1992)
* "Alone" (Fågeln, Gothenburg 1992)
* "My Faery Land Forgotten" (Fågeln, Gothenburg 1992)
* "Nightfall By The Shore Of Time" (Fågeln, Gothenburg 1992)
* "Skywards" (Gamlestaden, Gothenburg 1992)
* "Shadow Duet" (Karlstad 1994)
* "Crimson Winds" (Karlstad 1994)
* "Razorfever" (Rotterdam, Netherlands 1997)
* "Constant" (Rotterdam, Netherlands 1997)
* "Tongues" (Rotterdam, Netherlands 1997)
* "Feast Of Burden" (2001)
* "Indifferent Suns" (2002)
* "The Sun Fired Blanks" (2002)
* "Hours Passed In Exile" (2002)
* "Damage Done" (2004)
* "One Thought" (2004)
* "The Endless Feed" (2007)
* "Blind At Heart" (2007)

## CD Disc 1 (Live in Milan)
### Live in Milan – October 31st, 2008

* "Intro"
* "The Treason Wall"
* "The New Build"
* "Focus Shift"
* "The Lesser Faith"
* "The Wonders At Your Feet"
* "Lost To Apathy"
* "FreeCard"
* "Inside the Particle Storm"
* "Nothing To No One"
* "Edenspring"

## CD Disc 2 (Live in Milan)
### Live in Milan – October 31st, 2008

* "Insanity's Crescendo"
* "Lethe
* "Dreamlore Degenerate"
* "Misery's Crown"
* "ThereIn"
* "My Negation"
* "Yesterworld/Punish My Heaven"
* "The Mundane And The Magic"
* "Final Resistance"
* "Terminus (Where Death Is Most Alive)"
# Jean Camille Cipra

Jean Camille Cipra (22 April 1893 – 1952) was a French landscape painter.
He was born in Plzeň, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. He died in Paris in 1952. He emigrated to France and lived in Bourges. Cipra exhibited his works for many years at the Salon des Indépendants and at the Salon d'Automne. He is famous for his landscapes of the Loire Valley, Burgundy, Normandy and Brittany.
His Paysage de Loire is in the Musée de la Loire, Cosne-sur-Loire.

## Exhibitions

* Jean-Camille Cipra exhibition, the City Museum of La Charité-sur-Loire, June 7 to September 30, 2006.
# Wightman, Virginia

Wightman is an unincorporated community in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, United States.
# WildMIDI

WildMIDI is a free open-source software synthesizer which converts MIDI note data into an audio signal using GUS sound patches without need for a GUS patch-compatible soundcard. WildMIDI, whose aim is to be as small as possible and easily portable, started in December 2001, can act as a virtual MIDI device, capable of receiving MIDI data from any program and transforming it into audio on-the-fly. It is the standard MIDI renderer for the GStreamer framework.

## Features

WildMIDI consists of two parts, the library which other applications can link against and a command-line (CLI) player used to show off the features of the library itself.

### Library features

* RIFF MIDI file support (.RIF)
* Playback of MIDI format 0, 1 and 2 support (.MID)
* Playback of MIDI-likes: HMI, HMP, MUS and XMI
* Cross Platform: Linux, Windows, OSX, *BSD, *DOS, etc.
* Thread safe
* PCM stream output
* WAV file output
* Linear and Gaussian re-sampling
* Final output reverb engine
* Timidity.cfg compatibility

### Player features

* OSS output on Linux/UNIX
* ALSA output on Linux
* WinMM output on Windows
* OpenAL output on all supported platforms
* Sound Blaster output under DOS
* WAV output to filesystem

## History

WildMIDI was originally conceived in December 2001 as an experiment to see if MIDI files could be played using the same samples as existing software but with less overhead. The first release of the CLI player was in 2002 and thanks to the support of the Quakeforge developers, it was later split into a library and player. In 2003, Quakeforge started using the library in their project. The first official release of WildMIDI was in 2004. After many updates, Chris Ison stopped development in February 2012 with version 0.2.3.5 and has been missing since then. WildMIDI was forked in 2013 by Bret Curtis who now maintains the project. A re-factored WildMIDI was released as version 0.3.0 in 2014. The next release, 0.4.0 was released in July 2016 which added additional functionality such as support for MIDI-like file formats, their conversions to MIDI and additional APIs.

## Used in projects

* QuakeForge
* GStreamer
* Qmmp
* Music Player Daemon
* Rosa Media Player
* ThirdEye
* XLEngine: DaggerXL
* OpenTESArena
# Tromsøya

Tromsøya (Norwegian) or Romssasuolu (Northern Sami) is an island in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It lies in the Tromsøysundet strait between the mainland and the larger island of Kvaløya. The city of Tromsø is located on the 21.7-square-kilometre (8.4 sq mi) island, which has 39,882 residents. The island is connected to the Tromsdalen area on the mainland to the east by the Tromsø Bridge and Tromsøysund Tunnel, and to the village of Kvaløysletta on Kvaløya island to the west by the Sandnessund Bridge.
Tromsø Airport is situated on the western side of the island. Prestvannet lake is located in the middle of the island, and the lake and the area around it is now a nature reserve area. The University of Tromsø, Tromsø police station, Tromsø fire station, University Hospital of North Norway, and Tromsø Museum are all located on the eastern part of the island.
# Tromsø Storm

Tromsø Storm is a Norwegian basketball team from the city of Tromsø, playing in the Norwegian Basketball Premier League, BLNO. The home arena of Tromsø Storm is Tromsøhallen, which has an official capacity of approximately 2,500 spectators, though it has been known to hold more.

## History

Tromsø Storm has been playing in the BLNO since the Norwegian league was officially revitalized in the year 2000. Prior to this, the club was playing in the Norwegian top division under the name Tromsø Basketball Klubb (TBBK). TBBK won the play-offs in the Norwegian top division in 1997 and lost the finals in 1998. The club has not been able to copy this achievement under its new name, even though it has come close on several occasions.
Initially Tromsø Storm performed in the low and mid-range of the league table, but since the 2006/07 campaign the team has had only winning seasons. It has also won the regular season series three times. Despite these achievements, the club has not been able to make it through to the play-off finals.
Tromsø Storm has been one of the two clubs in the league with the highest attendances on average, with an all-time high in the final match of the 2006/2007 season when a full packed arena saw the team beat the arch rival Harstad Vikings in the final match of the regular season, bringing the team to the top of the league table and winning the league championship.

## Honours

* BLNO
    Winners (1): 1996–97
# Lars Helsvik

Lars Helsvik is a Swedish sprint canoeist who competed in the late 1940s.

## Career

In 1948, Helsvik won a gold medal in the K-1 4 x 500 m event at the London ICF Canoe Spring World Championships. This event was separate from other canoeing competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. The K-1 4 x 500 m event was only held once at the 1960 Games in Rome.
# Lars Herminius Aquilinus

Lars Herminius Aquilinus was consul in 448 BC with Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus (consul 448). Their year of office was relatively peaceful, as neither consul took sides in the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians.
Lars' filiation, "T. f.", indicates that his father was named Titus. He may have been the son, or perhaps the grandson, of Titus Herminius, one of the heroes of the Republic, who was famous for his stand at the Sublician bridge in 508 BC, and who fell in the Battle of Lake Regillus.
The consul's praenomen is given differently by various authorities. The historian Livius calls him Spurius, while Cassiodorus calls him Lucius. Diodorus Siculus gives "Λαρινος", and Dionysius "Λαρος". These agree with the treatise, De Praenominibus, of uncertain authorship (usually appended to Valerius Maximus), which, however, gives the unusual spelling Lar. Lars is a common Etruscan praenomen, apparently meaning lord. Lars is the usual form of the name in Latin. Some sources give his cognomen as Coritinesanus.
# Tropiocolotes confusus

Tropiocolotes confusus is a species of gecko endemic to Oman. The type specimen was collected in Dhofar.
# Tropiocolotes tassiliensis

Tropiocolotes tassiliensis is a species of gecko of the family Gekkonidae. It is found in the Sahara Desert.
# São Domingos do Maranhão

São Domingos do Maranhão is a municipality in the state of Maranhão in the Northeast region of Brazil.
# William Bendings

William Bendings (died c.1197) was an English judge and county sheriff.
According to Gerald of Wales, Bendings was sent to Ireland by Henry II in 1176 as one of four envoys, of whom two were to remain with the viceroy, Richard FitzGilbert, Earl of Striguil, and two were to return, bringing with them Reimund Fitzgerald, whose exploits had aroused the king's jealousy. Reimund did not at once comply with the royal mandate, being compelled by the threatening attitude of Donnell to march to the relief of Limerick, a town which he had only recently taken. Richard also died that year, and the four envoys appear to have returned to England without Reimund.
In 1178 Bendings was a royal justice in Yorkshire. In 1179, on the resignation of the chief justice, Richard de Lucy, a redistribution of the circuits was carried into effect. In place of the six circuits then existing the country was divided into four, to each of which, except the northern circuit, five judges were assigned, three or four of the number being laymen. To the northern circuit six judges were assigned, of whom Bendings was one, having for one of his colleagues the celebrated Ranulf Glanvill, who was made chief justice the following year. Bendings is named as a royal justice in a November 1179 fine made at Westminster. In 1183-4 we find him acting as sheriff of Dorset and Somerset, the two counties being united under his single jurisdiction. There seems to be no reason to suppose, with Edward Foss, that the expression, 'sex justitiæ in curia regis constituti ad audiendum clamores populi', applied to the six judges of the northern circuit, imports any jurisdiction peculiar to them.
Bendings was survived by his wife, Gunnora, and a son, Adam. The date of his death is uncertain: he was living in 1189–90, since he is entered in the 1189-90 pipe roll as rendering certain accounts to the exchequer. However, he seems to have died by 1196/7, when his son Adam started accounting for debts his father had incurred as sheriff of Dorset and Somerset.
# William Bengen

William P. Bengen is a retired financial adviser who first articulated the 4% withdrawal rate ("Four percent rule") as a rule of thumb for withdrawal rates from retirement savings; it is eponymously known as the "Bengen rule". The rule was later further popularized by the Trinity study (1998), based on the same data and similar analysis. Bengen later called this rate the SAFEMAX rate, for "the maximum 'safe' historical withdrawal rate", and later revised it to 4.5% if tax-free and 4.1% for taxable. In low-inflation economic environments the rate may even be higher.

## Withdrawal rate

Bengen conducted a number of empirical simulations of historical market behavior and concluded that a person could "draw down", withdraw, up to 4 percent annually from their portfolio without fear of outliving their money. He published his research in the October 1994 issue of the Journal of Financial Planning.$^{:46}$ He is also the author of the book Conserving Client Portfolios During Retirement, where he revised and updated his analysis. He gave a brief updating in Bengen (2012). Bengen later stated the 4% guideline was intended as a "worst case scenario" for retirees in United States, using a hypothetical example of someone who retired in 1968 at a stock market peak before a protracted bear market and high inflation through the 1970s. In that scenario, a 4% withdrawal rate allowed the investor's funds to last 30 years. Historically, Bengen says closer to 7% is an average safe withdrawal rate and at other times withdrawal rates up to 13% have been feasible.
The withdrawal rate has since become a staple of the financial service industry, adopted by several major financial firms.

## Career
### Early life and education

A native of Brooklyn, born in 1947, Bengen received a B.S. from MIT in aeronautics and astronautics. He is a co-author of Topics in Advanced Model Rocketry, originally published by the MIT Press in 1973. He worked for 17 years with his family-owned soft-drink-bottling franchise firm in the New York metropolitan area, during which he served tenure as president and COO; the company was sold in 1987.

### Financial career

Following the sale of the family business, Bengen moved to Southern California and began a Certified Financial Planner practice, Bengen Financial Services, earning his certification in 1990 and his master's degree in financial planning in 1993. He ran the firm as a fee-only (no commission) practice for twenty years, then sold the firm and retired in 2013.

## The Four Percent Drawdown rule

Based on his early research of actual stock returns and retirement scenarios over the past 75 years, Bengen found that retirees who draw down no more than 4.2 percent of their portfolio in the initial year, and adjust that amount every subsequent year for inflation, stand a great chance that their money will outlive them.
The 4% Rule is sometimes also called the Rule of 300.
Criticism of the 4% withdrawal rule include references to its assumption of one's investment portfolio, the differences in historical and current interest rates, as well as the reality that most people's spending habits are not consistently linear.
# Larko Doguape

Larko Doguape is a Nauruan weightlifter. He represented Nauru at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships, as well as the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
# Wilhelmina Douglas Hawley

Wilhelmina Douglas Hawley (1860-1958) was an American painter who emigrated to the Netherlands.

## Biography

Hawley was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey on July 13, 1860. She studied at the Cooper Union Women's Art School and the Art Students League of New York. In 1892 she traveled to Paris where she studied at the Académie Julian and registered at the Académie Colarossi where she taught watercolour since 1893 as the first female teacher. In 1893, she and her friend Laura Muntz (later Lyall) traveled to Rijsoord, in the Netherlands. There she met Bastiaan de Koning (1868-1954) whom she married in 1901. The couple settled in Rijsoord.
Hawley exhibited work at the National Academy of Design, and the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors, and the Paris Salon. She was a member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors, the New York Watercolor Society, and the Woman's Art Club of New York She served on the board of the Art Students League of New York.
Hawley died on February 8, 1958, in Rijsoord, Netherlands.
Author: Alexandra van Dongen
# Scott Marshall

Scott Marshall may refer to:
* Scott Marshall (director) (born 1969), American film director
* Scott Marshall (footballer) (born 1973), Scottish former professional footballer and coach
* Scott Marshall, character in Up, Up and Away
# Julsennuten

Julsennuten is a mountain of Ål municipality, Buskerud, in southern Norway.
60°51′09″N 8°01′31″E﻿ / ﻿60.8524°N 8.0252°E﻿ / 60.8524; 8.0252
* This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak in Buskerud is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# William McClean

William McClean (born 21 January 1842, date of death unknown) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Barbados cricket team in 1864/65.
# Bergen Ballpark

The Bergen Ballpark was a proposed 8,000-seat baseball-only stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, intended to be the home of the Bergen Cliff Hawks. The stadium was to be part of the larger American Dream Meadowlands project under its previous name of "Meadowlands Xanadu". Bergen Ballpark was in the planning stages since 2001, but local politics and a lease agreement between the Mills Corporation, the company who began the Xanadu project and would own the ballpark, halted plans in 2005.
# Bernabé de Castro

Bernabé de Castro, O.S.A. (1644–1707) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Brindisi (1700–1707) and Archbishop of Lanciano (1697–1700).

## Biography

Bernabé de Castro was born in Manrique, Italy on 15 June 1644 and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Augustine.
On 25 February 1697, he was appointed Archbishop of Lanciano by Pope Innocent XII. On 3 March 1697, he was consecrated bishop by Pier Matteo Petrucci, Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello, with Carlo Loffredo, Archbishop of Bari-Canosa, and François Marie Sacco, Bishop of Ajaccio, serving as co-consecrators.
On 15 December 1700, he was appointed Archbishop of Brindisi by Pope Clement XI. He served as Archbishop of Brindisi until his death on 11 December 1707.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:
* Tommaso Antonio Scotti, Archbishop of Dubrovnik (1701); and
* Francesco Frosini, Bishop of Pistoia e Prato (1701).