OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malmidea isidiifera

Malmidea isidiifera is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Brazil and Venezuela.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologist Klaus Kalb. The type specimen was collected from Itatiaia National Park (Rio de Janeiro) at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,600 ft). The species epithet alludes to the presence of isidia on the thallus. The species also occurs in Venezuela.

## Description

Malmidea isidiifera is characterised by a crustose thallus that is continuous and has a thickness ranging from 30 to 70 μm. The thallus surface is smooth to slightly granular and dull, with a grey colour that turns orange-red when the cortex is abraded. The species is distinguished by its isidia, which are granular to coralloid, densely covering the thallus, each measuring 0.05–0.1 mm in length and 0.05 mm in width. The medulla of the thallus is orange-red and has a K+ (purple) chemical spot test reaction.
The photobiont of Malmidea isidiifera is chlorococcoid, with cells measuring 6–8 μm in diameter. The apothecia are sessile and rounded, varying in diameter from 0.7 to 1.5 mm and in height from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. Initially, the discs of the apothecia are flat, but they become distinctly convex over time, with a colour range from light brown-grey to dark brown. The margin of the apothecia is thin, about 0.1 mm thick, slightly prominent, and varies in colour from whitish grey to dark brownish grey.
The excipulum of the species is of the piperis-type and is hyaline (translucent) at the periphery, with the inner part being reddish to dark brown. It lacks hydrophobic granules, which occur is some other species in genus Malmidea. The subhymenium is about 20 μm high and ranges from hyaline to light brown. The hypothecium is significantly larger, measuring 150–200 μm in height, and is reddish to dark brown, showing no reaction to the K spot test. The epihymenium of Malmidea isidiifera is indistinct, while the hymenium is hyaline and measures 100–140 μm in height.
The asci are 70–100 μm long and 20–25 μm wide, each containing 6 to 8 broadly ellipsoid to fusiform ascospores. These ascospores lack septa (internal partitions), and have walls that are equally thickened and surrounded by a halo about 1 μm thick. The ascospores measure 17–23 by 7–10 μm.
In terms of chemistry, Malmidea isidiifera contains atranorin and norsolorinic acid, both major components in its makeup.
# Gasteria tukhelensis

Gasteria tukhelensis, or Tugela gasteria, is a species of succulent plant native to the Tugela River valley in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

## Description

The Tugela gasteria is a transitional species, between Gasteria batesiana to the north, and Gasteria croucheri to the south.
It can be distinguished from the former by its smooth, glabrous, glossy leaves (although juvenile plants often have tubercles) and its large open rosettes. The leaves are dark green, with faint white spots in bands, and a keel on the underside.
# Josef Drobnik

Josef Drobnik is an electrical engineer with SPARQ Systems, Inc., in Kingston, Ontario. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2015 for his work in the development of high performance power converters in industrial applications.
# Naam O Nishan

Naam O Nishan is a 1987 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Ajay Kashyap and produced by B.P. Verma. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Amrita Singh in the lead roles.

## Plot

Suraj lives a wealthy lifestyle with his Police Inspector dad, Sangram, mom, and sister, Chutki. He joins the Police Force, and is appointed a Police Inspector. Shortly after his appointment, his dad brings Suraj's paternal uncle, Jaspal Singh, who subsequently moves in with them. When the time comes for Chutki's marriage, her to-be father-in-law, a Police Officer himself, stops the marriage proceedings as he would like Sangram to remove Jaspal from the Singh's household. When Sangram refuses, the marriage is canceled. When Suraj questions this, Sangram refuses to provide any answers. That night Jaspal leaves without telling anyone. Suraj meets with and falls in love with Vanisha. Subsequently, Suraj is suspended from active duty, arrested and charged with killing a man named Anthony. A woman named Geeta comes to his rescue with evidence to prove his innocence. Subsequently, Geeta is killed, and Suraj swears to bring in the culprit at any and all costs. Little does Suraj know that his girlfriend, Vanisha, is plotting to kill him; Sangram is not his real father, and he was sired by a bandit known only as Jarnail Singh. Things get worse when Jarnail's rival, Jabhar alias Zoravar, finds out about Suraj's biological lineage and sets forth to have him killed - by any and all means possible.

## Cast

* Shashi Kapoor as Inspector Sangram Singh
* Sanjay Dutt as Inspector Suraj Singh
* Amrita Singh as Vanisha
* Kader Khan as Thakur Jarnail Singh / Jaspal Singh
* Nirupa Roy as Thakurain Champa Singh
* Suresh Oberoi as Zorawar / Jabhar
* Seema Deo as Mrs. Sangram Singh
* Viju Khote as Inspector Sharma
* Kamal Kapoor as Police Commissioner
* Chandrashekhar as Judge
* Praveen Kumar as Jagira

## Soundtrack

Lyrics: Indeevar
| Song | Singer |
| "O Tera Naam Kya Hai, O Tujhe Kaam Kya Hai" | Kishore Kumar, Alka Yagnik |
| "Naam O Nishan" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Peena Hai Agar" | Asha Bhosle |
| "Sona Main Sona" | Asha Bhosle |
# Kurtheater Bad Kissingen

The Kurtheater Bad Kissingen is a theatre in the spa town Bad Kissingen in Bavaria, Germany.

## History

The theatre was built in 1904 by the Munich architect Max Littmann in the neo baroque style and inauguratet on 25 June 1905 with a performance of the opera Pagliacci of Ruggero Leoncavallo. The theatre with its 538 seats replaced an older wooden theatre building in swiss style of 1856.
The theatre was initially operated by the spa administration (Badkommissariat). The duty of the theatre was to entertain the visitors of the spa. The old theatre had no longer corresponded to the increased demands of the world bath. From 1871 onwards, the theatre was rented to Eduard Reimann, director of the theatre of Würzburg,. This made it possible to employ the ensemble of Würzburg during the summer months. After his death in 1898 his son, the actor Otto Reimann, became his successor. Otto Reimann continued his successful performance with his own ensemble in the new theatre. Despite the difficulties of the First World War, inflation, the global economic crisis, or the emergence of national socialism, the theatre business remained at a high level to entertain the spa guests. On the 9th of August, 1941, however, the now 71-year-old Otto Reimann ended his performance in Bad Kissingen with the operetta The Gypsy Baron. Afterwards during the Second World War the theatre was used only sporadically. In 1945 the theatre was confiscatet by the American troops. In 1949 the theatre restarted its operations. But the theatre did not get an own ensemble any more. Now it is dependent on guest performances.

## Literature

* Jakob Heilmann, Max Littmann: Das Königliche Theater in Bad Kissingen, Firmenschrift (39 Seiten), Heilmann & Littmann GmbH (Hrsg.), Bruckmann Druck, München 1905
* Georg Dehio: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bayern I: Franken: Die Regierungsbezirke Oberfranken, Mittelfranken und Unterfranken: BD I, Deutscher Kunstverlag München Berlin, 2., durchgesehene und ergänzte Auflage, 1999, S. 71
* Thomas Ahnert: Bretter, die die Welt bedeuten. Das Kissinger Kurtheater. In: Thomas Ahnert, Peter Weidisch (Hrsg.): 1200 Jahre Bad Kissingen 801-2001. Facetten einer Stadtgeschichte. Sonderpublikation des Stadtarchivs Bad Kissingen, Verlag T. A. Schachenmayer, Bad Kissingen 2001, ISBN 3-929278-16-2, Seite 329f.
* Edi Hahn: Eine Stadtführung. Rotter, Bad Neustadt (Saale) 1991, ISBN 3-925722-04-1, Seite 31f.
* Walter Mahr: Geschichte der Stadt Bad Kissingen. Bad Kissingen 1959
* Adina Christine Rösch: Das Königliche Theater in Bad Kissingen von Max Littmann (1904/05), Magisterarbeit, Nürnberg 2007
* Sigismund von Dobschütz: Die große Bühne zwischen Stuckaturen und Seidentapeten, in: Kulturkalender für den Landkreis Bad Kissingen, Februar-April 2015, S. 7–10
* Werner Eberth: Das Kurtheater im Bade Kissingen, zwei Bände, 2015
# Sam Stern

Sam Stern (born 29 August 1990) is a British celebrity chef and author. He has written six cookbooks Cooking Up A Storm – The Teen Survival Cookbook – translated into 14 languages – Real Food Real Fast; Get Cooking; Sam Stern's Student Cookbook; Eat Vegetarian all published by Walker Books, UK. And Virgin to Veteran – How to Get Cooking with Confidence – published by Quadrille.
Stern grew up as the youngest of five siblings in Yorkshire, England. Stern writes a regular blog, with cooking advice and recipes. He has written for First News, a children's newspaper. He wrote a monthly feature for 'Yorkshire Life Magazine' and has contributed to multiple of newspapers and magazines internationally. He has appeared on radio and television in the US where he toured for three weeks.
# Rów Kunowski

Rów Kunowski is a river of Poland that flows into Lake Miedwie.
* This article related to a river in Poland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Ceryx nacliodes

Ceryx nacliodes is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1914. It is found in Zimbabwe.
# John Whitton Bridge

The John Whitton Bridge is a railway bridge that carries the Main Northern railway line across the Parramatta River, located between the Sydney suburbs of Rhodes and Meadowbank.

## First bridge

The original double track Meadowbank Bridge opened on 17 September 1886 as part of the construction of the Main Northern railway line. It was a lattice truss bridge designed by John Whitton, the Chief Engineer of the New South Wales Government Railways. In 2000, the original bridge was refurbished and reopened for bike and pedestrian use.

## Second bridge

As part of plans to quadruple the Main North line, construction commenced on a new bridge to the west of the existing structure. The concrete piers were completed in 1952, before the project was cancelled. Work resumed in the 1970s, with a two-track box girder bridge opening in May 1980. The piers were extended to allow for a further two tracks to be built in the future. The new bridge was named after John Whitton.
# Stalag 383

Stalag 383 was a German World War II Prisoner of War camp located in Hohenfels, Bavaria.

## History

The German Army founded a training area near Hohenfels, Bavaria in 1938. A troop camp for trainees, located in a high valley surrounded by dense woodland and hills at a homestead called 'Polnrich', was commandeered for use as a Prisoner of War camp in 1939. At first it was used for Allied NCOs and named Oflag IIIC but was later renamed Stalag 383 as it expanded with other ranks. The camp comprised 400 detached accommodation huts, 30 feet (9.1 m) x 14 feet (4.3 m), each typically housing 14 men. More were built towards the end of the war as prisoners were moved in from other camps as the Russian front advanced from the east. The name, Oflag III-C, was reassigned to a camp at Lübben (Spreewald) and operated between August 1940 and June 1942. On April 24, 1945, Major General Stanley Eric Reinhart's 65th Infantry Division captured Hohenfels. Major General Gustav Geiger, staff and guards surrendered. The prisoners, including many British and Colonial inmates, were liberated.
Later, between 1945 and 1949 the site became a displaced persons camp. The Americans subsequently retained the site and it doubled in size.

## Notable people

* Terry Frost (1915–2003), artist
* Adrian Heath (1920–1992), painter
* Percy Sekine (1920–2010), RAF pilot and prisoner in 1942
# Malmidea leucopiperis

Malmidea leucopiperis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Brazil.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2021 by the German lichenologist Klaus Kalb. The type specimen was collected from Itatiaia National Park (Rio de Janeiro) at an altitude of 850 m (2,790 ft). The species epithet alludes to its resemblance to Malmidea piperis, with a key difference in the hypothecium's colour—light greyish to beige compared to the dark brown in M. piperis.

## Description

Malmidea leucopiperis is a crustose lichen with a continuous thallus measuring 50–80 μm in thickness. Its surface is smooth and dull, appearing grey or greenish grey, and can turn orange-red when abraded. Neither isidia nor soralia (reproductive propagules) are present on this species. The medulla of the thallus is orange-red and has a K+ (purple) chemical spot test reaction.
The photobiont of this species is chlorococcoid, with cell dimensions of 6–8 μm in diameter. The apothecia of Malmidea leucopiperis are sessile and rounded, ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 mm in diameter and 0.15 to 0.2 mm in height. The apothecial disc is initially flat, becoming slightly convex, with colours ranging from light beige to brown-grey or brown. Its margin is thin, about 0.1 mm, slightly raised, and varies in colour from whitish grey to dark brownish grey or black.
The excipulum is of the piperis-type and mostly hyaline (translucent), though it can appear brownish or blackish at the upper periphery, and lacks hydrophobic granules. The subhymenium is about 10 μm high and hyaline, while the centrally located hypothecium is light greyish to beige, measuring 40–50 μm in height and is K−. The epihymenium of Malmidea leucopiperis is either indistinct or slightly granular, and the hymenium stands 60–70 μm high and is hyaline.
Asci within this species measure 40–50 by 8–10 μm, each containing 6–8 ascospores. These spores are broadly ellipsoid to fusiform, non-septate, and have a uniformly thickened wall with a halo of approximately 1 μm. Their size ranges from 9–12 by 4–6 μm.
Chemically, this species is characterized by a major presence of norsolorinic acid and the absence of atranorin, as determined through thin-layer chromatography.

## Habitat and distribution

Malmidea leucopiperis occurs in the Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil. It has been recorded from Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, and Sergipe.
# Standing committee (United States Congress)

In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules. (House Rule X, Senate Rule XXV.) Because they have legislative jurisdiction, standing committees consider bills and issues and recommend measures for consideration by their respective chambers. They also have oversight responsibility to monitor agencies, programs, and activities within their jurisdictions, and in some cases in areas that cut across committee jurisdictions. Due to their permanent nature, these committees exist beyond the adjournment of each two-year meeting of Congress.
Most standing committees recommend funding levels—authorizations—for government operations and for new and existing programs. A few have other functions. For example, the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs. The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels. Committees also provide oversight of federal agencies and programs.
The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 greatly reduced the number of committees. The membership of each committee is adopted at the beginning of each Congress, usually by adoption of a formal resolution. Each committee is assigned its own staff to assist with its legislative, investigative, and research functions. Several committees divide their work into sub units called subcommittees.
Committee sizes range from 6 to 50 members per committee. In the House, one person may not serve on more than two standing committees and four subcommittees at one time, though waivers can be granted to serve on additional committees. Also in the House, the House Republican Steering Committee assigns Republican representatives to their committee(s), while the Steering and Policy Committee is in charge of assigning Democratic representatives to committees. The Senate follows similar procedures, with senators being limited to no more than three full committees and five sub-committees.

## Current number of standing committees

As of June 20, 2020, the Senate had 16 standing committees and the House had 20 standing committees. (The count is for standing committees only and does not include select or special committees or joint committees. See those articles for that information.)
# Tire City Museum

Tire City Museum is located in Tire ilçe (district) in İzmir Province, Turkey, at 38°05′18″N 27°43′56″E﻿ / ﻿38.08833°N 27.73222°E﻿ / 38.08833; 27.73222. The building is the former city hall of Tire. It was built in 1955. After the construction of a newer building for the municipality, the former building was restored and opened as Tire City Museum on 15 October 2014.

## Sections

The sections of the museum are as follows:
* Entrance and the upper aisle: Tire etymology and history, Tire municipality and former mayors, Hakan Sepici's collections
* Lower aisle: ethnography (clothes, bath material)
* First hall: famous people of Tire origin such as Seha Gidel, Fuat Mensi Dileksiz, Tanju Okan, Gönül Duman, and Nejat Uygur
* Second hall and the market: endangered handicrafts
* Third hall: annually changing exhibits (in 2016, archaeology)
* Fourth hall: food culture, copperworks, pharmacy, clock repairing
# Stigmella pruinosa

Stigmella pruinosa is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is known from the Cayo District in Belize.
# Spiling (boat building)

Spiling is a technique used in building wooden boats in which a smaller component is used as a pattern against which the outline of a larger component can be drawn. This is often used for creating planks on traditionally built boats that have complex shapes.
When used for making a new plank for a boat a piece of timber the same length as the desired plank but both thinner and narrower is cut. This is called the spiling batten. This is then temporarily attached to the boat in the place of the plank required. The shape of the plank required can then be traced onto the spiling batten using a compass, or a dummy stick. The spiling batten can then be lifted out and placed on the new stock, and moved around to find the optimum use of the stock material, then using the same compass or dummy stick, the exact shape required can be traced off the spiling batten onto the new stock, ready to be cut out.
When spiling a complex shape curved in more than one direction, it is important to keep the dummy stick in the same orientation, and not allow it to follow the curve, otherwise a distortion of the shape will result. The shapes of boats' planks are complex as the plank gets wider to cover the broader midships and then narrower as the planks converge towards the bow and the stern. A curved line on a flat surface will be a straight line on a curved surface. This process enables more complex shapes to be built in wood than in sheet metalworking for example, would require stretching by hammer/mallet and sandbag or the use of an English Wheel.
# Ceryx salutator

Ceryx salutator is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Sergius G. Kiriakoff in 1965. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# John Quincy Adams (painter)

John Quincy Adams (21 December 1874 – 15 March 1933) was an Austrian genre and portrait painter of American ancestry.

## Early life

Adams was born in Vienna on 21 December 1874. His mother was Nina Bleyer and his father was the American opera singer, Charles R. Adams, who performed at the Vienna State Opera from 1867 to 1877. From 1878 to 1890, he lived with his parents in the United States and was being prepared for a career in banking.
In 1891, he became one of the first students to attend a private art school operated by Robert Scheffer. After two years, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, where he studied with Siegmund L'Allemand and August Eisenmenger. This was followed by time in Munich, studying with Carl von Marr and Johann Caspar Herterich. He completed his studies in Paris at the Académie Julian with Jules Laurens and Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant. Despite this variety of instructors, the expatriate American painter, James McNeill Whistler, appears to have had the most influence on his style.

## Career

In 1903, he became a member of the Vienna Künstlerhaus and began to exhibit there on a regular basis. A minor scandal was created in 1909, when he displayed a group portrait with Dr. Ernst Wertheim performing gynecological surgery. During World War I, he was a member of the k.u.k. Kriegspressequartier [de] (war press bureau) and painted on the Russian, Italian, Serbian and Albanian battle fronts. Many works from this period are on display at the Museum of Military History, Vienna. He usually spent his summers at Sankt Gilgen, where he had assembled a pre-cast wooden house from Sweden. It is likely that he associated with the artists at the nearby Zinkenbacher Art Colony [de].
From 1917 to 1931, he often visited the United States and had several successful showings there. From 1930 to 1931, he painted a series of portraits for Yale University. In 1933, he was preparing to attend an exhibition in Pittsburgh, sponsored by the Carnegie Institute, when he fell ill and died at the Auersperg Sanatorium. He was buried at the Vienna Central Cemetery. His works may be seen at the Österreichische Galerie Belvedere and the Vienna Museum, among others.

## Personal life

Adams died on 15 March 1933 at the Auersperg Sanatorium in Vienna.
His daughter, Harriet Walderdorff, became a well known hotelier in Salzburg and, in 1963, was elected President of the Austrian Hotel Association. In 1986, she organized a major retrospective of his portraits at the Academy.

## Gallery

* Maria Teresa von Moser-Ebreichsdorf (1872–1940)
* Countess Gisela Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau (1876–1939)
* Kitty, Baroness von Rothschild
* Emperor Franz Joseph I
* Emperor Charles I of Austria
* Richard, Count Bienerth-Schmerling
* Luise Eisner, Princess Odescalchi