OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Surahammar

Surahammar (Swedish pronunciation: or ) is a locality and the seat of Surahammar Municipality in Västmanland County, Sweden, with 6,179 inhabitants in 2010.

## History

During the reign of Gustav Vasa, there was a hammer in Surahammar. However, it is not known when the operation started, but it must have been before the year 1561. In 1637, a hammer with two hearths was erected by Axel Oxenstierna on the site where the current mill is located. In 1866, railway wheels and axles began to be manufactured and have been an important part of production ever since.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the sale of railway material declined. The mill's subsidiary Vagnfabriks-Aktiebolaget in Södertälge (Vabis) was therefore looking for new products to sell. The newly hired engineer Gustaf Erikson was sent on a study trip to Europe and back in Surahammar he built Sweden's first internal combustion engine car, which was his own construction with a kerosene engine. Vabi's first car hit the market in 1901.

## Culture and sights

Hembygdsgården contains historic buildings with objects, serving all year round at events.
The stone house is used for art exhibitions and is also the start and finish of the 2.5 km "historical walk" with information boards with unique historical images.
The Golden Wheel MC Museum contains, in addition to motorcycles and bicycles, a drivable replica of Sweden's first car, Gustaf Eriksson's carriage from 1897. The museum building has unique murals. Surahammar's mills museum shows the production chain from pig iron to railway wheels.
# Welverdiend, Ehlanzeni

Welverdiend is a village in Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. It is situated off the road from Acornhoek to Orpen rest camp in the Kruger National Park, adjacent to the Timbavati village.
# Nasekheperensekhmet

Nasekheperensekhmet was an ancient Egyptian vizier who officiated most likely during the reign of pharaoh Psamtik I of the 26th Dynasty.

## Biography

N3 sḫpr n sḫmt in hieroglyphs :
Era: Late Period (664–332 BC) :
Nasekheperensekhmet is known only from a block statue depicting him. From it, it is known that his mother was called Shepamuntashepet, and that he also held the charges of priest of Amun and governor of the city, beside being a vizier. During the 26th Dynasty there were two viziers at the same time, one for the North and one for the South of the country (Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt respectively); since the statue was found in Saqqara, it is likely that Nasekheperensekhmet was a Vizier of the North. The head of the statue is modern, made indeed during the 18th or 19th century when such "restorations" were not uncommon. The statue is nowadays exhibited at the Liebieghaus, in Frankfurt (Inv. No. 1449).
# Tootell

Tootell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Edward Tootell (1849–1878), English cricketer
* Fred Tootell (1902–1964), American hammer thrower
* Hugh Tootell (1671/72 – 1743), English Roman Catholic historian
# West Union Township

West Union Township may refer to one of the following places in the United States:
* West Union Township, Todd County, Minnesota
* West Union Township, Custer County, Nebraska
# Tor Bade Pran Kande

Tor Bade Pran Kande (Assamese: তোৰ বাদে প্ৰাণ কান্দে ) is a 2008 Indian Goalparia language romantic drama video film written and directed by Robin Ch Roy, starring Azibur Rahman, Rupa Khatun and Tumpa Roy in the lead roles with Nuruddin Mollah playing an important supporting role.

## Cast

* Azibur Rahman as Raju
* Tumpa as Aleya
* Rupa Khatun as Rupa
* Nuruddin Mollah as Aleya's Father
* Bappi Khan as Biki
* Monsur Ali as Guru
* Shahidur as Kalu
* Hosena as Village Girl
* Mohiruddin as Baul
* Bapi as Raju's friend
* Ayaan Anisur as Babu
# Tony Middleton

Tony Middleton may refer to:
* Tony Middleton (cricketer) (born 1964), former English cricketer
* Tony Middleton (singer) (1934-2024), American singer
# Tony Midnite

Tony Midnite (Sept. 20, 1926 - Aug. 31, 2009) was a female impersonator, costume designer, activist, and book reviewer.

## Early life

Midnite was born Tony Murdoch on Sept. 20, 1926 in Texas. He worked in the defense industry at Hunter's Point Navy Yard near San Francisco during World War II. After seeing a female impersonation show at the legendary Finocchio's in San Francisco around 1948, he became a performer himself, starting in Galveston, Texas, transitioning to Hollywood, California, then making his way to Chicago.

## Career

Midnite had begun performing with the traveling Jewel Box Revue, America's first racially-inclusive traveling revue of female impersonators. He took a hiatus, however, in 1951 to move to Chicago. His mentor, Stanley Rogers, was the costume designer for the Jewel Box; when Rogers retired, Midnite took over the post. He also opened his own costume design studio in Chicago in 1953 in the basement of the Lorraine Hotel at 411 South Wabash Ave. in the city's Rush Street nightclub area. Though he was having throat troubles in the mid-1950s which caused him to step back from performing for a time, he was nevertheless photographed in full glamour drag regalia in 1955 and 1956 by celebrity and theatrical photographer Maurice Seymour, who stars sought "because of his ability to portray them as they appeared to the audience 100 feet away. He could retouch the photos, enhance their appearance...keep the illusion going."
Midnite eventually performed and designed costumes for four years at Club 82 in New York City. In this time, he created original designs for fellow performers such as Lavern Cummings and Tillie the Dirty Old Lady. As the drag scene boomed not only in Chicago proper but Calumet City and Cicero, with approximately 50 strip clubs abounding, Midnite designed for "all manner of exotic stage performers." In addition, he designed for road shows of Gypsy and Carnival and for the Jewel Box's Broadway production, which debuted at Loew's State Theatre in Times Square. He designed for Club Chesterfield performers as well and worked under the supervision of David Merrick on various productions for the Metropolitan Opera.
He started booking shows for the Jewel Box Revue, inevitably shaping the drag scene at the time with an 8-month-long booking on the South Side of Chicago called 25 Men and a Girl which signaled a drag boom in the region in the 1960s.
Throughout his performance career, he appeared in shows such as Club 82's Fun-Fair for '57 and Club 82 Revue and the Jewel Box's Show Sensation of the Nation, among numerous others. His final performances were in a recurring show called The Fantasy Revue which played at the Granada Lounge and Blue Dahlia Show Lounge in Chicago.
Later in life, Midnite worked as a book reviewer, reviewing for GayLife and other publications.
In 1996, Mayor Richard M. Daley of Chicago inducted Midnite into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame.

## Awards

* Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame inductee (1996)

## Death

Midnite died in Las Vegas, Nevada on Aug. 31, 2009 at the age of 82.
# Sussex (disambiguation)

Sussex is a historic county in South East England, taking its name from the Kingdom of Sussex in early Anglo-Saxon England. It is now divided into the ceremonial counties of East Sussex and West Sussex.

## Animals

* Sussex (chicken), a dual purpose breed created in England
* Sussex cattle, a red breed from the Sussex Weald in England
* Sussex Spaniel, a breed of dog developed in England
* Sussex, a breed of rabbit

## Places
### United Kingdom

* Kingdom of Sussex
** History of Sussex, general history of Sussex, England
* Sussex, English county
* Sussex County Cricket Club, an English first-class county cricket club
* University of Sussex, an English campus university situated in East Sussex

### Australia

* Sussex County, Western Australia

### Canada

* Sussex, New Brunswick
* Sussex Parish, New Brunswick
* Sussex Drive a major street in Ottawa, Ontario

### United States

* Sussex County, Delaware
* Sussex, New Jersey
* Sussex County, New Jersey
* Sussex County, Virginia
* Sussex, Wisconsin
* Sussex, Wyoming

## Ships

* HMS Sussex, the name of various English warships and the Royal Naval Reserve unit based in Portslade until 1994
* SS Sussex, a passenger ferry built for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1896. Sold to France in 1914, sold to Greece in 1920 and renamed.
** Sussex pledge, a pledge given by Germany in 1916 prompted by the torpedoing of the passenger ferry Sussex
* Sussex, an East Indiaman ship

## Titles

* Duke of Sussex, a peerage title held by Prince Harry, and Duchess of Sussex, a peerage title held by Meghan Markle, wife of Prince Harry
* Earl of Sussex, a formal title created several times in the Peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom

## Other uses

* Sussex Records, a former record label in Hollywood
* Sussex Stakes, Group 1 flat horse race in the United Kingdom
* Sussex Publishers, a magazine publisher based in New York City that produces Psychology Today
# Tommy Wind

Tommy Wind is a magician from Staten Island in New York City. He has performed in many of his own original shows, combining illusion with rock and roll music, in New York City, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Las Vegas, Nevada.
Tommy began his career when he was only 7 after his grandfather introduced him to magic by showing him the disappearing hanky trick. He has appeared in TV shows including Criss Angel's "Mindfreak" and NBC's "I Do!", and also performed in the Masters of Illusion Live show at Bally’s Hotel and Casino, and in 25 episodes of the TV counterpart.
In 2009, Wind received an award for Best Teen Magician from the World Magic Awards. In 2016, Wind won the Merlin Award for Best Family Friendly Magic Show in the World.
As of 2019, Wind is performing at the Oyo Hotel & Casino near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.
# Tommy Wilson (shortstop)

Tommy Wilson is an American former Negro league shortstop who played in the 1940s.
Wilson played for the Philadelphia Stars in 1948. In three recorded games, he posted one hit and one RBI in seven plate appearances.
# Labedella gwakjiensis

Labedella gwakjiensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Labedella which has been isolated from dried seaweed from the coast of Jeju Island in Korea.
# West Africans

West Africans may refer to:
* West Africa, for contemporary inhabitants of West Africa
* Negroid, an obsolete racial grouping for populations derived from West African stock
* West Africans in the United States
# West Airport

West Airport or Airport West may refer to:
* Ireland West Airport
* Key West Airport
* Harriman-and-West Airport
* Branson West Airport
* Cincinnati West Airport
* West Kootenay Regional Airport
* West End Airport
* Virden West Airport
* West Auckland Airport
* West Woodward Airport
* West Memphis Municipal Airport
* West Sale Airport
# West Cooroy National Park

The West Cooroy National Park is a national park in Queensland, Australia. It is situated to the west and south-west of Cooroy in the Noosa hinterland.

## Transfer from state forest

On 25 January 2023 the former West Cooroy State Forest was transferred to the Department of Environment and Science as a newly created national park at no cost to the community. The site was not previously subject to any forestry work and therefore no ownership buyout was required.
# Torlakovac

Torlakovac is a village in the municipality of Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 592.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Bosniaks | 590 | 99.7% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.2% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 0.2% |
| Total | 592 | 100% |
# Labovë e Kryqit

Labovë e Kryqit (Labovë of the Cross) is a settlement in Southern Albania, which has taken the name of its famous church, the Dormition of the Theotokos Church. It consists of two neighbourhoods: Labovë e Poshtme (Lower Labovë) and Labovë e Sipërme (Upper Labovë). To distinguish it from its neighbour Labovë e Madhe (Labovë e Vangjel Zhapës), the village is known by two names Labovë e Kryqit, in reference to a nearby old Byzantine church and Labovë e Libohovës (Labovë of Libohovë). It is part of the Qendër Libohovë subdivision of the Libohovë municipality, in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania.

## Name

Afanasy Selishchev (1931), derived Labovë from the Slavic hleb’ meaning bread and Xhelal Ylli (1997) states that is not semantically possible. The suffix -ov-a is a Slavic formation. The root word of the toponym might denote the following: a Lab, an inhabitant of Labëria, the proto-Slavic *lap’ for "leaf", or Bulgarian words for plants like lop (petasites), lopen (verbascum), lopuh (arctium tomentosum). The proto-Slavic reflex a in the placename became o in Slavic, while in Albanian its a, with an Albanian sound change of p to b. If the toponym is derived from Lab, Ylli suggests it would mean the incoming Slavs encountered the earlier residents there, the Labs.

## Sights

A Hellenistic era garrison was built in Labovë as part of the fortification system of Chaonia, the later region belonging to the northwestern ancient Greek group of tribes of the Epirotes.

## Demographics

In the interwar period Nicholas Hammond passed through the area and described Labovë as a place of mixed speech (Albanian and Greek), with Albanian as the mother tongue. In fieldwork done by Leonidas Kallivretakis in 1992, Labovë e Kryqit had an exclusive Albanian Orthodox population.

## Notable people

* Vasileios of Dryinoupolis metropolitan bishop and member of the provisional Government of Northern Epirus (1914).
* Aleksandër Meksi, (8 March 1939) former prime minister of Albania, his father Gabriel Meksi (1894–1958) was from Labovë.
# National Independence Party (Belize)

The National Independence Party of Belize was a merger of two Belizean political parties that effectively served as the chief opposition party in Belize for practically all of its existence. It was formed in July 1958 and dissolved as part of the formation of the new United Democratic Party in 1973.

## Formation

The NIP was founded on July 1, 1958. Herbert Fuller was elected Leader and James Staines deputy. Other officers included: Chairman Jaime Staines, Secretary Phillip Goldson, Deputy Chairman Robert Reneau, Asst. Sec. Jeannette Buller, Treasurer C. L. B. Rogers and National Organizer Lindsay Burns. District branches were in place by April 1959, and the party gained representation in the Belize City Council in December 1958, when Fuller, Staines, Rogers and Claire Gill were elected, though Meighan and Floss Cassasola campaigned as independents and cut loose from the Party for their behaviour. Another spat came when the Benque Viejo branch set itself up as the Western Independent Party under Juan Gongora and sought affiliation with the NIP, which it agreed to. The NIP also participated in constitutional consultations with Sir Hilary Blood in 1959 and 1960.

## Troubles

The NIP was seen as the heir of the National and Honduran Independence parties, and with the popularity of the PUP and the failure by the NIP to shake loose from elements that would have them return to their origins, the party began a run of disappointing performances that would become its main legacy.
March 1, 1961 general elections saw the NIP shut out of the House. Phillip Goldson was appointed by the Governor and subsequently assumed the post of Party Leader from Fuller, who died in March 1962. In the December 1962 City Council elections, the NIP began a run of complete shutouts that lasted until the UDP's 6-3 triumph in 1974. In the town board elections the NIP were more successful, winning two towns in 1963, five in 1966 (three outright), and sliding back to two towns in 1969 and San Ignacio only in 1972. General elections of 1965 and 1969 (in which the NIP collaborated with the breakaway PDM) saw Phillip Goldson retain both times and Edwin Morey earning a surprise victory in 1965.
With the party's loss of face and the frustrations of Belizeans evident, Goldson left to continue his education in the early 1970s and the NIP limped along until the younger, stronger PDM and Liberal Party merged with it to form the UDP in 1973.
# Torodora octavana

Torodora octavana is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It is found in Taiwan, India, and Sichuan, Kwanhsien and Zhejiang in China.
The wingspan is 22–23 mm. The forewings are brown, sprinkled with dark fuscous, with a strong purplish gloss. The costal edge is ochreous-orange and the plical and first discal stigmata are indicated by two very obscure somewhat lighter ochreous-brown spots, the second discal by a similar 8-shaped spot centered with two dark fuscous dots. There is an obscure ochreous-brown subterminal line, the central third somewhat curved outwards. There is also an interrupted blackish terminal line. The hindwings are grey.
# Bernard Brunhes

Antoine Joseph Bernard Brunhes (3 July 1867 – 10 May 1910) was a French geophysicist known for his pioneering work in paleomagnetism, in particular, his 1906 discovery of geomagnetic reversal. The current period of normal polarity, Brunhes Chron, and the Brunhes–Matuyama reversal are named for him.
Brunhes was educated at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, from which he graduated as an agrégé qualified in physics. Appointed at Université Lille Nord de France, he taught physics and electrical engineering at École centrale de Lille from 1893 to 1895.
In November 1900, he was appointed as head of the Puy-de-Dôme Observatory, built on an extinct volcano in the Auvergne region of France, where he worked until his death in 1910.
It was during his time at the observatory that he made the crucial observation that led to his discovery of geomagnetic reversal. In 1905, he found that rocks in an ancient lava flow at Pontfarin in the commune of Cézens (part of the Cantal département) were magnetised in a direction almost opposite to that of the present-day magnetic field. From this, he deduced that the magnetic North Pole of the time was close to the current geographical South Pole, which could only have happened if the magnetic field of the Earth had been reversed at some point in the past. He was correct, though it took another 50 years before his theory was fully accepted by the scientific community.
# Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

The women's 4 × 100 metres relay was the only women's relay on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo. It was held on 20 October and 21 October 1964. 15 teams, for a total of 60 athletes, from 15 nations competed. The first round was held on 20 October with the final on 21 October. The world record time of the Polish team was erased in 1969, after Ewa Klobukowska failed a gendertest in Kiev, but their gold medal result was allowed to stand.

## Results
### First round

The top four teams in each of the 2 heats advanced.

#### First round, heat 1

| Place | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| 1 | Poland | Teresa Ciepły, Irena Kirszenstein, Halina Górecka, Ewa Kłobukowska | 44.6 |
| 2 | Great Britain | Janet Simpson, Mary Rand, Daphne Arden, Dorothy Hyman | 44.9 |
| 3 | Soviet Union | Galina Gayda, Renāte Lāce, Lyudmila Samotyosova, Galina Popova | 44.9 |
| 4 | Australia | Dianne Bowering, Marilyn Black, Margaret Burvill, Joyce Bennett | 45.2 |
| 5 | Jamaica | Adlin Mair, Una Morris, Vilma Charlton, Carmen Smith | 46.0 |
| 6 | Panama | Delceita Oakley, Lorraine Dunn, Jean Mitchell, Marcela Daniel | 47.6 |
| 7 | South Korea | Park Hui-suk, Han Myung Hee, Lee Hak-ja, Song Yang Ja | 50.1 |

#### First round, heat 2

| Place | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| 1 | United States | Willye White, Wyomia Tyus, Marilyn White, Edith McGuire | 44.8 |
| 2 | United Team of Germany | Karin Frisch, Erika Pollmann, Martha Pensberger, Jutta Heine | 45.0 |
| 3 | Hungary | Erzsébet Bartos, Margit Nemesházi, Antónia Munkácsi, Ida Such | 45.9 |
| 4 | France | Marlene Canguio, Daniele Gueneau, Michele Lurot, Denise Guenard | 46.0 |
| 5 | Argentina | Maria Formeiro, Susana Ritchie, Evelia Farina, Alicia Kaufmanas | 46.7 |
| 6 | Japan | Reiko Ezoe, Ikuko Yoda, Etsuko Miyamoto, Takako Inoguchi | 47.0 |
| 7 | Philippines | Aida Molinos, Loretta Barcenas, Nelly Restar, Mona Sulaiman | 48.8 |
| 8 | Thailand | Preya Dechdumrong, Kusolwan Soraja, Budsabong Yimploy, Samroey Charanggool | 50.3 |

### Final

All three medallist teams broke the world record in the final.
| Place | Nation | Athletes | Time |
| 1 | Poland | Teresa Ciepły, Irena Kirszenstein, Halina Górecka, Ewa Kłobukowska | 43.6 |
| 2 | United States | Willye White, Wyomia Tyus, Marilyn White, Edith McGuire | 43.9 WR |
| 3 | Great Britain | Janet Simpson, Mary Rand, Daphne Arden, Dorothy Hyman | 44.0 |
| 4 | Soviet Union | Galina Gayda, Renāte Lāce, Lyudmila Samotyosova, Galina Popova | 44.4 |
| 5 | United Team of Germany | Karin Frisch, Erika Pollmann, Martha Pensberger, Jutta Heine | 44.7 |
| 6 | Australia | Dianne Bowering, Marilyn Black, Margaret Burvill, Joyce Bennett | 45.0 |
| 7 | Hungary | Erzsébet Bartos, Margit Nemesházi, Antónia Munkácsi, Ida Such | 45.2 |
| 8 | France | Marlene Canguio, Daniele Gueneau, Michele Lurot, Denise Guenard | 46.1 |
# Terra Sancti Benedicti

The Terra Sancti Benedicti ("Land of Saint Benedict") was the secular territory, or seignory, of the powerful Abbey of Montecassino, the chief monastery of the Mezzogiorno and one of the first Western monasteries: founded by Benedict of Nursia himself, hence the name of its possessions. It lasted from the 8th to the 19th century.
The "Terra Sancti Benedicti" was part of larger states, according to the historical succession, from the Duchy of Benevento to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Despite the wide autonomy it enjoyed in some periods, it was never, neither de jure nor de facto, an independent state, as were the Italian city-states of Northern and Central Italy. The nature of the dominion of the Abbey of Montecassino has sometimes been improperly assimilated to these Italian states. The "Terra Sancti Benedicti" is therefore an integral part of the Terra di Lavoro and has always followed its political vicissitudes.

## History

The foundation of the Terra Sancti Benedicti can be traced back to the large donation of land made in 744 to the monastery by the Gisulf II of Benevento. The donation was probably of both a religious and political nature: thus an alliance between the Church and the Duchy of Benevento was guaranteed to defend each other. In the following centuries, monasteries, churches and castles with annexed possessions were gradually offered to the monastery, even overseas, through concessions and donations made by nobles, emperors and popes, reaching eighty thousand hectares.
The history of the territories linked to the Benedictine Abbey can be divided into three main phases which correspond to three different approaches to the control of the territory: first the age of the Manorialism, then that of the "castrum" and finally that of the development of the "universitas civium". Subsequently, the Abbey progressively loses its historical temporal power.
After these phases of development, the loss of power by Montecassino and the fading of the territory it had controlled into larger organisms began with alternating events. An earthquake destroyed the Abbey in 1349 and, although it soon returned to its function, the event can be considered an important watershed. In the 14th century, the Papal States tried to limit the abbey ecclesiastical jurisdiction placing a bishop at San Germano, but the abbots managed to maintain many prerogatives thanks to Pope Urban V.
The official end of the feudal lordship came in 1806 with the abolition of feudal rights in the Kingdom of Naples sanctioned by the so-called "laws of subversion of feudality".
With the loss of temporal power, the jurisdiction of the abbey over the surrounding territory remained only ecclesiastical, as a territorial abbey: the abbots were equated in their functions with diocesan bishops, even if in most cases they were not awarded the episcopal character.
# KSAH

KSAH may refer to:
* KSAH (AM), a radio station (720 AM) in Universal City, Texas, United States
* KSAH-FM, a radio station (104.1 FM) in Pearsall, Texas, United States