OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# T. K. Lahiri

Tapan Kumar Lahiri is an Indian cardiothoracic surgeon, medical academic and writer from the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. He is a former professor at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions to medicine.

## Biography

Born in Kolkata, he has done FRCS in Cardiac surgery in 1969 in England and an M.Ch in thoracic surgery in 1972 from the same institution before starting his career as a member of faculty at the Institute of Medical Sciences of BHU where he held the posts of a reader, assistant professor, professor and head of the department of cardiothoracic surgery. Post-retirement in 2003, Dr. Lahiri assumed the position of professor emeritus at BHU, opting not to receive a salary and continuing to provide free medical services. Prior to retirement, his basic salary, including allowances, exceeded Rs 1,00,000, of which he began donating the entire amount to the poor from 1994. Despite now receiving a pension, he humbly accepts only the funds necessary for two meals a day, generously donating the surplus to BHU to aid impoverished patients. The Government of India recognized his altruism with the Padma Shri in 2016. Dr. Lahiri’s commitment extends beyond his professional life, aligning with the philanthropic ideals of Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya’s vision for Banaras Hindu University.
# Truecasing

Truecasing, also called capitalization recovery, capitalization correction, or case restoration, is the problem in natural language processing (NLP) of determining the proper capitalization of words where such information is unavailable. This commonly comes up due to the standard practice (in English and many other languages) of automatically capitalizing the first word of a sentence. It can also arise in badly cased or noncased text (for example, all-lowercase or all-uppercase text messages).
Truecasing is unnecessary in languages whose scripts do not have a distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. This includes all languages not written in the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic or Armenian alphabets, such as Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Thai, Hebrew, Arabic, Hindi, and Georgian.

## Techniques

* Neural networks that operate at the word level or the character level have been trained to recover capitalization with greater than 90% accuracy.
* Sentence segmentation can be used to determine where sentences begin, to implement the rule that the first word of every sentence must be capitalized.
* Part-of-speech tagging can be used to identify proper nouns (such as Africa, Jupiter, Sarah, or Amazon), which must be capitalized. In some cases, the same word can be used as different parts of speech, and is capitalized differently. For example, Xerox the company, as a noun, is capitalized, but to xerox a document, as a verb, is not capitalized. A xerox, as in the copy of a document, can be recognized by the presence of a determiner, which is not used for proper nouns.
* Named entity recognition can be used to identify proper nouns, which must be capitalized.
* A spell checker can be used to identify words that are always capitalized.

## Applications

Truecasing aids in other NLP tasks, such as named entity recognition (NER), automatic content extraction (ACE), and machine translation. Proper capitalization allows easier detection of proper nouns, which are the starting points of NER and ACE. Some translation systems use statistical machine learning techniques, which could make use of the information contained in capitalization to increase accuracy.
# Laureen Oliver

Laureen Oliver is an American political activist, candidate, and consultant who co-founded the Independence Party of New York (IPNY) in the 1990s. She was the party's first state chair and was twice its nominee for statewide offices including lieutenant governor during the period it was affiliated with the Reform Party of the United States of America. As campaign advisor to Tom Golisano, she led his 1994, 1998, and 2002 bids for governor of New York. She also served on the presidential committee for Governor Richard Lamm of the Reform Party.
Prior to starting the Independence Party, Oliver was the chairwoman of the Monroe County chapter of United We Stand America, an organization founded by former presidential candidate Ross Perot. In the 2000s, she was co-chairperson of Responsible New York with Tom Golisano. A ballot access expert, she advised independent Texas gubernatorial candidate Kinky Friedman, as well as H. Russell Potts Jr., who ran as an independent candidate for governor of Virginia. In 2007, she and her partners established D'Amore, Hillsman, Oliver & Barkley, a political consulting firm catering to independent and third-party candidates, as well as mavericks.
As of 2023, she had re-enrolled in the Republican Party and was a contender for chairperson of the Monroe County Republicans.

## Early life and education

Oliver has a degree in accounting from the Rochester Institute of Technology. She has worked as a self-employed tax accountant in Rochester, New York.

## Political career

In 1993, Oliver co-founded the New York State Independence Party with B. Thomas Golisano and Gordon Black of Harris Interactive. She was state chairwoman of the Independence Party from 1993 to 1998, and organized the state party in almost all the counties in the state.
She was Tom Golisano's campaign chairwoman in his 1994, 1998 and 2002 gubernatorial bids, in which Golisano spent nearly as much as Ross Perot had on his two presidential bids. In the 2002 election, the IPNY won one in seven votes.
In 1994, she was the party's nominee for comptroller of New York State. In 1998, she was the running mate of B. Thomas Golisano for lieutenant governor. The Golisano/Oliver ticket finished third, behind the Republican ticket of Gov. George Pataki and Judge Mary Donohue and the Democratic ticket of New York City Council Speaker Peter Vallone and Brighton Town Supervisor Sandra Frankel.
After leaving the state, she went on to serve in campaigns in numerous other states as a ballot access expert. In 2006, she advised Texas gubernatorial candidate Kinky Friedman.

## Electoral results

2002 Results for New York Governor and Lieutenant Governor
* George Pataki and Mary Donohue (R-C) (inc.), 49%
* Carl McCall and Dennis Mehiel (D-WF), 33%
* Tom Golisano and Donohue (I), 14%
1998 Results for New York Governor and Lieutenant Governor
* George Pataki and Mary Donohue (R-C) (inc.), 54%
* Peter Vallone and Sandra Frankel (D-WF), 33%
* Tom Golisano and Laureen Oliver (I), 8%
* Betsy McCaughey Ross and Jonathan C. Reiter (L), 1.4%
1994 Race for New York Comptroller
* Carl McCall (D-L), 45.15%
* Herbert London (R-C-RTL), 40.48%
* Laureen Oliver (I), 1%
# William Berryman Scott

William Berryman Scott (February 12, 1858 – March 29, 1947) was an American vertebrate paleontologist, authority on mammals, and principal author of the White River Oligocene monographs. He was a professor of geology and paleontology at Princeton University.

## Family and education

Scott was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on February 12, 1858, the son of Mary Elizabeth Hodge Scott and William McKendree Scott, a Presbyterian minister. He was the youngest of three sons; his brother Hugh Lenox Scott went on to become superintendent of West Point and Army Chief of Staff. Shortly after the family moved to Princeton, New Jersey in 1861, his father died and the family lived with his maternal grandfather who was also a Presbyterian minister and an instructor at the Princeton Theological Seminary.
His early education focused on theology, philosophy and the classics in preparation for an expected career as a minister. However, when he entered Princeton University in 1873 at the age of fifteen, he became interested in science, especially geology, psychology, and chemistry. A course he took from the renowned Swiss geologist Arnold Guyot was a turning point in his career aspirations. He graduated from Princeton in 1877 and received a Ph.D. from University of Heidelberg in 1880. He married Alice Adeline Post on December 15, 1883.
He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1886.

## Career

Scott served as president of The Geological Society of America in 1925.

## Awards

Scott received numerous professional awards during his long career:
* 1910 Wollaston Medal from the Geological Society of London.
* 1930 Mary Clark Thompson Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
* 1939 Penrose Medal from the Geological Society of America.
* 1940 Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.

## Legacy

The pike cichlid fish Crenicichla scottii C. H. Eigenmann, 1907 was named in his honor.

## Publications

* Scott, William Berryman, 1858 The Osteology and Relations of Protoceras. Boston, Ginn & company, 1895. 1 p.l., [303]–374. 3 pl. (2 fold.) diagr. 26 cm.
* Scott, William Berryman. American Elephant Myths. Scribner's, April 1887, 469–478.
* Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 Princeton, The University, 1901–32 (v. 1, 1903) 8 v. in 13. illus. (part col.) maps (part fold., part col.) tables. 34 cm.
* Scott, William Berryman. Geological Climates, by W.B. Scott.
* Scott, William Berryman. A History of Land Mammals in the Western Hemisphere. Illustrated with 32 plates and more than 100 drawings, by Bruce Horsfall. New York, The MacMillan Company, 1913.
* Scott, William Berryman, The Theory of Evolution, With Special Reference to the Evidence Upon Which it is Founded. The Macmillan Company, 1920.
* Scott, William Berryman. Some memories of a palaeontologist. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1939. 4 p.l., 336 p. front. (port.) 24 cm.
# Tab show

A tab show was a short, or tabloid version, of various popular musical comedies performed in the United States in the early 20th century.

## History

The shows were about an hour in length but could be as short as 25 minutes, either way being well suited for traveling or road shows. They had lower costs and fewer logistical complications than major productions. To achieve this, producers typically eliminated much of the dialogue, plot and chorus of the parent, often Broadway production, reduced the scenery to a few flats and platforms that could be easily transported by rail or roadway, and retained only the hit numbers and the principal characters including the love interests and the chief comic. With this shortened format, tab shows did not usually serve as an entertainment form in themselves but were adjuncts for at least three other forms of major entertainment. First, they could be the featured act of the second half of a vaudeville bill. The substitution of these shows for a portion of vaudeville acts in the early 1900s was described as "far-reaching in its scope" in a Billboard article of 23 December 1911.
Second, they were often performed in conjunction with silent films for a half hour performance either before the film came on, or as a vaudeville act between films. Show Boat was one Broadway hit that was reduced to a truncated tab show running in movie theaters in the early 1930s.
Third, tab shows were closely related to the early, non-stripper versions of burlesque. The girls were 'clean' and did not have bare legs. By the 1920s, "tab show" was sometimes used to avoid the negative, low-brow connotations of "burlesque".
There are two suggestions for the origin of the word "tab". It is often said to be derived from "tabloid", as in the short form of a newspaper. Alternatively, it could refer to "tableau" as in the tab style of curtain across the front of a stage, since the curtain and a few pieces of furniture might be the only scenery used by a tab show.
As variations on these themes, tab shows occasionally were up to two hours in length and with their lower costs and fewer logistic demands, were a popular alternative to vaudeville acts in the 1910s. Also, while the term "tab show" may have been restricted to the United States, the theme of the vicissitudes of traveling third-rate vaudevillians was presented in 1950 in Federico Fellini's Italian film Variety Lights. It has been described as "wholesome corn".
# Tsimbeo

Tsembeho (or Tsémbehou) is a town located on the island of Anjouan in the Comoros. it is the third largest city of Anjouan.
# Lasiodiplodia citricola

Lasiodiplodia citricola is an endophytic fungus. It was first isolated in northern Iran, and is named after its first known host, citrus plants. It has since been isolated in other plants in other continents, and is considered a plant pathogen. L. citricola is phylogenetically related to L. parva, but conidia of the former are longer and wider.

## Description

Its conidiomata are stromatic and pycnidial; mycelium is uniloculate, up to 2 millimetres (0.079 in) in diameter, non-papillate and with a central ostiole. Its paraphyses are hyaline, cylindrical and thin-walled. Conidiophores are absent in this species. Conidiogenous cells are holoblastic and also hyaline. Conidia are aseptate, ellipsoid to ovoid and with longitudinal striations.
# Taabinga

Taabinga may refer to:
* Taabinga, Queensland, a town in the South Burnett Region, Australia
* Taabinga Homestead, a heritage-listed homestead in Haly Creek, South Burnett Region, Australia
# Taabo Dam

The Taabo Dam is a hydroelectric power plant of the Bandama River in Côte d'Ivoire with a power generating capacity of 210 megawatts (280,000 hp), enough to power over 141,000 homes. It was formed in 1975. This dam is located downstream from Kossou Dam. This is an "earth and rockfill dam with clay core 8100 m long and 43 m high." It has "five openings giving a maximum discharge capacity of 3,900 m3/sec through radial gates 11 x 11 m" with concrete spillway on the left bank that has a crest level of 113 m above sea level.
# Trusley

Trusley is a parish and small village in South Derbyshire. As the civil parish population is only minimal details are included in the civil parish of Dalbury Lees.
The manor was given to Henry de Ferrers together with many villages in Derbyshire for his contribution to the Norman Conquest.
Oliver De Odingsells purchased the Manor of Trusley from Ralph de Beufey in the reign of King Henry III [1216-72].
In 1418 a De Odingsells co-heiresses married Thomas Coke and from this time the Coke family came to live at Trusley.
Notable members of that family include George Coke, D'Ewes Coke, Sir John Coke (d.1644), Statesman, Daniel Parker Coke, MP
Many of the buildings in Trusley village date from the 18th century including All Saints Church built for William Coke in 1712.
The original homes of the Cokes' have long since vanished, however in 1904 Major General John Talbot Coke built a new Trusley Manor. In 1948, at the end of the second world war, Trusley Manor was reduced in size.
# Laurence Neal

Laurence William Neal (born 18 July 1947) is a former Australian politician. Born at Wangaratta, Victoria, he was educated at La Trobe University in Melbourne before becoming a teacher and private tutor. On 11 March 1980, he was appointed to the Australian Senate as a National Country Senator for Victoria, filling the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator James Webster. He contested the election later that year but was defeated, his term expiring in 1981.
# True Believer (song)

"True Believer" is a song written by E-Type and Savan Kotecha, and recorded by E-Type on the album Eurotopia. It was originally played over radio on 11 May 2007 at the RIX Morronzoo programme. As a newcomer it directly entered 5th position at Trackslistan at Sveriges Radio P3. On 24 May 2007 it entered the first position at the Swedish singles chart, a position it held for one week. In Finland, it peaked at No. 3 in the Finnish singles chart
On 10 June 2007, it received a Svensktoppen test, but failed to enter chart.
In August 2007, it was certified gold in Sweden.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2007) | Peak position |
| Finland (Finland) | 3 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |
# T. gracilis

T. gracilis may refer to:
* Taterillus gracilis, the gracile tateril or slender gerbil, a rodent species found in Africa
* Thomasomys gracilis, the slender Oldfield mouse, a rodent species found in Ecuador and Peru
* Tornieria gracilis, a dinosaur species
* Tribolonotus gracilis, a skink species found in New Guinea
* Trimeresurus gracilis, a venomous pitviper species found only in Taiwan
* Troglohyphantes gracilis, a Kočevje subterranean spider species
* Trypeta gracilis, a fruit fly species
* Tupaia gracilis, the slender treeshrew, a treeshrew species found in Indonesia and Malaysia
* Thalassina gracilis, a species of mud lobster in the genus Thalassina
# T. gigas

T. gigas may refer to:
* Tachypleus gigas, an Asian species of horseshoe crab
* Thamnophis gigas, the giant garter snake, a reptile of the western United States
* Thesprotia gigas, the grass mantis, a praying mantis species found in Brazil
* Tridacna gigas, the giant clam or pa’ua, the largest living bivalve mollusk species
* Tapinauchenius plumipes, a South American tarantula formerly designated as Tapinauchenius gigas
# Tsuchigumo (Noh)

Tsuchigumo (土蜘蛛, "Earth Spider") is a Japanese Noh play. The author is unknown.

## Genre, authorship and date

Tsuchigumo is a Noh play. More specifically, it is classified as a genzai Noh (現在能), a relatively realistic work featuring human characters and taking place in a linear time line. It is a gobanme-mono (五番目物), meaning that the Nihyakujū-ban Utai Mokuroku (二百拾番謡目録) indicates that its author is unknown. In the modern era, it is part of the repertoires of all five of the major schools of Noh (五流現行曲).
The story takes place in the Heian period of Japanese history, depicting a popular hero of that era—specifically the late 10th and early 11th centuries—taking down a monstrous spider, but the play itself dates to the significantly later Muromachi period (14th–16th centuries).

## Sources

The story is derived from Heike Tsuruginomaki.

## Cast of characters

* Minamoto no Raikō (tsure)
* Kochō the Handmaiden (tsure)
* A yōkai in the form of a monk (mae-shite)
* A lone warrior (waki)
* The tsuchigumo spirit (nochi-shite)

## Plot
### Act I

The famed general Minamoto no Yorimitsu, also known as Raikō, is suffering from an illness of the body and mind, and is resting at his mansion. A handmaiden, Kochō (胡蝶, "Butterfly"), arrives with medicine from the court physician, and after comforting the general, she takes her leave. Raikō's sickness grows ever worse, when a malicious spirit, or yōkai, who has taken the form of a Buddhist monk, appears, and casts a large amount of spider webbing onto Raikō. Raikō, despite his illness, reaches for the well-renowned sword beside his pillow and cuts into the monster. At this point, the monster disappears.

### Act II

Hearing the noise, a solitary warrior rushes to the scene. Following the blood that has spilled from the yōkai, the young warrior eventually comes to an old gravesite. A tsuchigumo, or "earth-spider", spirit appears before him, and sprays him with vast quantities of webbing, causing him tremendous pain, but he ultimately wins out and strikes the spider down.

## Themes

The work has a relatively direct, "realistic" plot compared with other Noh plays, and its emphasis on martial prowess was likely what earned it favour among the military class.

## Influence

The play provided the inspiration for numerous later works of the kabuki theatre, including the tokiwazu piece Kumo no Ito Azusa no Yumihari (蜘蛛糸梓弦) and the nagauta piece Waga Seko Koi no Aizuchi (我背子恋の合槌), which is also called Kumo no Byōshi-mai (蜘蛛の拍子舞). The latter work was first performed in 1781, and was part of a late 18th-century trend in kabuki where the actors would speak their lines while performing dances.
# Trummen

Trummen is a lake in Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden. It covers approximately 75 hectares (190 acres), and sits 161.2 metres (529 ft) above sea level. It is near Teleborg Castle, Linnaeus University, and Sankt Sigfrids Hospital.
# Laura Brander-Wallin

Laura Irene Brander-Wallin (née Brander; 5 April 1909 – 1 January 1994) was a Finnish seamstress and politician, born in Pori. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1958 and again for a short time in 1962. She was at first a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) and later of the Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders (TPSL).
# TuS Helene Altenessen

TuS Helene Altenessen is a German football club from the district of Altenessen in the city of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

## History

The team was established in 1928 as Werks-TuS Helene Altenessen and in 1934 merged with TuS Sälzer-Amalie Essen to form Turn- und Sportverein Helene Altenessen . In 1939, the TSV Amalie Essen also became part of the sports club. TuS was a worker's side that had a close association with the Krupp family-owned mining company until the mid-1950s. Helene Amalie Krupp, co-founder of the family's industrial empire, is acknowledged in the names of several local football and sports clubs.
The team won promotion from the Bezirksklasse Niederrhein (II) in 1940 after a failed attempt to advance out of the playoff round the previous year. TuS then captured the Gauliga Niederrhein (I) title in 1941 and made appearances in the opening rounds of both the national championship and the Tschammerpokal, predecessor to today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup). Despite a poor season the next year, TuS remained competitive, earning upper table finishes in their following two campaigns. As World War II overtook the country, the team became part of the wartime side Kriegspielegemeinschaft Helene/Preußen Essen alongside Essener Sportclub Preußen. The combined side played only two matches in the war-shortened 1944–45 season.
Like most other organizations in the country, including sports and football clubs, TuS was disbanded by occupying Allied authorities after the war. It was re-established in 1945 as VfR 1928 Essen before adopting the name TuS Helene Essen in 1948. Between 1948 and 1956 the team competed in the Amateurliga Niederrhein (II), but ultimately was unable to keep up with its local rivals.
The team enjoyed some fresh success in the 1980s as three consecutive promotions advanced the side to the Verbandsliga Niederrhein (V) where they played three seasons before backsliding to the local Kreisliga. The club had a successful 2007–08 season, winning promotion to the Landesliga Niederrhein (V) out of the Bezirksliga Niederrhein (VI). It dropped out of the Landesliga in 2010, was relegated from the Bezirksliga in 2012 and now plays in the tier eight Kreisliga A.

## Honours

* Gauliga Niederrhein (I)
** Champions: 1941

## Stadium

TuS played its home fixtures in the Helene-Stadion Bäuminghausstraße which originally had a capacity of 25,000. After 1939 the facility was known as Im Schollbrank and in 2001 had a capacity of 18,000. Today the stadium accommodates 11,000.