OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Symmetric game

In game theory, a symmetric game is a game where the payoffs for playing a particular strategy depend only on the other strategies employed, not on who is playing them. If one can change the identities of the players without changing the payoff to the strategies, then a game is symmetric. Symmetry can come in different varieties. Ordinally symmetric games are games that are symmetric with respect to the ordinal structure of the payoffs. A game is quantitatively symmetric if and only if it is symmetric with respect to the exact payoffs. A partnership game is a symmetric game where both players receive identical payoffs for any strategy set. That is, the payoff for playing strategy a against strategy b receives the same payoff as playing strategy b against strategy a.

## Symmetry in 2x2 games

| | E | F |
| E | a, a | b, c |
| F | c, b | d, d |
Only 12 out of the 144 ordinally distinct 2x2 games are symmetric. However, many of the commonly studied 2x2 games are at least ordinally symmetric. The standard representations of chicken, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the Stag hunt are all symmetric games. Formally, in order for a 2x2 game to be symmetric, its payoff matrix must conform to the schema pictured to the right.
The requirements for a game to be ordinally symmetric are weaker, there it need only be the case that the ordinal ranking of the payoffs conform to the schema on the right.

## Symmetry and equilibria

Nash (1951) shows that every finite symmetric game has a symmetric mixed strategy Nash equilibrium. Cheng et al. (2004) show that every two-strategy symmetric game has a (not necessarily symmetric) pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Emmons et al. (2022) show that in every common-payoff game (a.k.a. team game) (that is, every game in which all players receive the same payoff), every optimal strategy profile is also a Nash equilibrium.

## Uncorrelated asymmetries: payoff neutral asymmetries

Symmetries here refer to symmetries in payoffs. Biologists often refer to asymmetries in payoffs between players in a game as correlated asymmetries. These are in contrast to uncorrelated asymmetries which are purely informational and have no effect on payoffs (e.g. see Hawk-dove game).

## The general case

A game with a payoff of $U_{i}\colon A_{1}\times A_{2}\times \cdots \times A_{n}\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$ for player $i$, where $A_{i}$ is player $i$'s strategy set and $A_{1}=A_{2}=\ldots =A_{N}$, is considered symmetric if for any permutation $\pi$,
    $U_{\pi (i)}(a_{1},\ldots ,a_{i},\ldots ,a_{N})=U_{i}(a_{\pi (1)},\ldots ,a_{\pi (i)},\ldots ,a_{\pi (N)}).$
Partha Dasgupta and Eric Maskin give the following definition, which has been repeated since in the economics literature
    $U_{i}(a_{1},\ldots ,a_{i},\ldots ,a_{N})=U_{\pi (i)}(a_{\pi (1)},\ldots ,a_{\pi (i)},\ldots ,a_{\pi (N)}).$
However, this is a stronger condition that implies the game is not only symmetric in the sense above, but is a common-interest game, in the sense that all players' payoffs are identical.
# Cannonball Johnson

W. "Cannonball" Johnson was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in the Negro leagues between 1919 and 1923.
Johnson made his professional debut in 1919 with the Brooklyn Royal Giants and the Bacharach Giants. He went on to play three seasons with the Lincoln Giants, and finished his career in 1923 with the Harrisburg Giants.
# Tephritis postica

Tephritis postica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

France, Central Europe & Ukraine South to North Africa, Israel & Iran.
# Cerzat

Cerzat (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France.
# Cholmondeley

Cholmondeley (/ˈtʃʌmli/ CHUM-lee) may refer to:

## People

* Cholmondeley (surname)
* Alice Cholmondeley, a pseudonym used by Elizabeth von Arnim for her book Christine

## Places

* Cholmondeley, Cheshire, England, a civil parish
** Cholmondeley Castle, a country house in the parish
* Cholmondeley Islet, Queensland, Australia
* Cholmondeley Sound, a bay in southeast Alaska, United States

## Arts and entertainment

* The Cholmondeleys, an all-female modern dance group
* Cholmondeley Award, for poetry, given annually by the Society of Authors
* Lord Cholmondeley, a minor character in The Transformers

## Other uses

* Marquess of Cholmondeley, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, also Earl of Cholmondeley and Viscount Cholmondeley
* Cholmondeley cello, made by Antonio Stradivarius around 1698
* Cholmondeley Children's Centre, near Christchurch, New Zealand
* Cholmondeley Award, an annual award for poetry given by the Society of Authors in the United Kingdom
* A chimpanzee brought from Africa by Gerald Durrell
* Cholmondeley's, a coffee shop at Brandeis University
# Skai

SKAI is a Ukrainian pop-rock band.
Skai may refer to:
   * Skai TV, a Greek television network.
   * Skai 100.3, a Greek radio station.
* Skai.io, a marketing technology company based in Israel
* a fictional river located near the town of Ulthar in the Dreamlands stories of H. P. Lovecraft.
* Leatherette, artificial leather made by German company Konrad Hornschuch
* Skai Moore (born 1995), American football linebacker (NFL, Indianapolis Colts)
* Skai Jackson (born 2002), American actress, YouTuber and author
# Trova (poetry)

Trova is a traditional form of poem in four verses, composed by seven syllables, common in Brazil and Portugal, being a staple of popular literature. According to the poet Luiz Otávio, a "trova" isː
   Poetic composition in four verses, seven syllables each one, with at least the second and fourth rhyming.
   It's a popular literary creation, that speaks most directly with the people's hearth.
   It's through the Trova that the people takes knowledge of the poetry and feel its strength. That's the reason why the Trova and the Trovador are immortals.
Fernando Pessoa considers "trova is the flower vase that people puts in the window of their soul."
Example of trova by Luiz Otávio:
   Às vezes o mar bravio
   dá-nos lição engenhosa: afunda um grande navio, deixa boiar uma rosa!
   Sometimes the rambunctious sea give us an ingenious lesson: it sinks a great vessel
   only to float a blossom

## Structure

Trova is a poem composed by four verses, each containing seven syllables, without a title, self-enclosed in its own verses. The Trova are usually related to popular culture, and figured heavily on the popularization of literature in Brazil, being recognized as a popular art form, and is subject to several contests in Brazil.

## History

Although the Trova is currently a lusophone form of literature, it has its origins in the Medieval Era, where it was used to refer to any form of popular music or verse. From the south of France, the Trova expanded, reaching Portugal, and, eventually, Brazil, where it became a popular form of poetry.
# Teamstergate

Teamstergate was the name the Kentucky State Republican Party Executive Director Randy Kammerdiener called an apparent money swap between the 1996 Bill Clinton presidential campaign and the Ron Carey campaign to be reelected as president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Carey campaigned on a platform of cleaning up corruption within the Teamsters Union that had forced imposition of federal scrutiny. Nevertheless, Carey was implicated in a money laundering corruption scandal that would revoke his narrow election victory.
The case involved $885,000 given from union general treasury to the 1996 Clinton–Gore campaign in exchange for the Clinton campaign's contributions to Ron Carey's re-election fund. Carey was running to keep the job of Teamsters union president. The exchange was an illegal swap that later resulted in a federal court's voiding of Carey's slim election victory against now Teamster President James P. Hoffa.
The swap occurred despite the federal government's expenditure of $20 million on federal monitors led by the Clinton administration Justice Department to ensure the union election would be above board. A 1988 lawsuit by the Bush administration was settled in March 1989 with a consent decree signed by the union and the government that allowed the federal monitors. The lawsuit was brought under the civil provisions of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, known as Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). On November 19, 1999, a federal jury found Teamsters political director William W. Hamilton guilty of embezzlement for his part in the deal.
Ron Carey was acquitted in 2001 of charges stemming from the scandal.
# Nalimov

Nalimov may refer to one of the following persons
* Eugene Nalimov, a Russian chess programmer.
* Vasily Nalimov, a Russian philosopher and humanist.
# Chen Chao-an

Chen Chao-an (Chinese: 陳昭安; pinyin: Chén Zhāo'ān; born 22 June 1995) is a Taiwanese footballer who currently plays as a striker for the Chinese Taipei national football team.

## International career
### International goals

    Scores and results list Chinese Taipei's goal tally first.
| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| 1. | 19 March 2016 | Taipei Municipal Stadium, Tapei, Taiwan | Guam | 1–0 | 3–2 | Friendly |
| 2. | 9 November 2016 | Mong Kok Stadium, Mong Kok, Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 2–4 | 2–4 | 2017 EAFF E-1 Football Championship qualification |
| 3. | 10 June 2017 | Jalan Besar Stadium, Kallang, Singapore | Singapore | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 4. | 29 August 2019 | National Stadium, Kaohsiung, Taiwan | Guam | 2–0 | 3–0 | Friendly |
# David Pigot

David Pigot may refer to:
* David Pigot (cricketer, born 1929) (1929–1996), Irish cricketer
* David Pigot (cricketer, born 1900) (1900–1965), Irish cricketer
* David Richard Pigot (1796–1873), Irish judge
# Bruce Douglas-Mann

Bruce Leslie Home Douglas-Mann (23 June 1927 – 27 July 2000) was a British politician.

## Early life

Bruce Douglas-Mann was born at Bexhill, Sussex, the son of a solicitor, Leslie John Douglas-Mann, MC.
Douglas-Mann was educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and following national service in the navy, read PPE at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1948 to 1951. In 1954, he qualified as a solicitor and served as a councillor on Kensington Borough Council 1962-65 and on the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea from 1964. As a solicitor he specialised in trade union law and claims over industrial accidents and injuries. He also worked on obscenity cases and briefed barrister John Mortimer on the film Last Tango in Paris. He was chairman of the Society of Labour Lawyers from 1974 to 1980.

## Parliamentary career

Douglas-Mann contested St Albans in 1964 and Maldon in 1966 as a Labour candidate. He was elected Member of Parliament for Kensington North in 1970, then for Mitcham and Morden in February 1974.
Douglas-Mann spoke out on the plight of refugees. In 1971, in the East Bengal (now Bangladesh) refugee crisis (during the Bangladesh Liberation War) he said it was "the worst tragedy the world had known" and the following year, when Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of Asians from Uganda he said that returning them would be "like sending Jews back to Hitler in the 1930s" Having been involved in housing case work as a solicitor, following Norman St John-Stevas introduction of the parliamentary select committees in 1979, he served on the PSC concerning the environment because housing was part of its remit.
In 1982, Douglas-Mann was one of the later defectors among Labour MPs to the new Social Democratic Party (SDP). He made the unique decision to resign and seek re-election at a by-election after his change of allegiance. It was the source of disquiet among the leadership of the SDP, and the constituency party choose the former Labour MP as their candidate without the approval of national headquarters. Initially the candidate was told that he would have to finance his own by-election. Douglas-Mann was the last MP to trigger a by-election after switching parties until Douglas Carswell in 2014. He lost to the Conservative candidate Angela Rumbold and was pushed into third place when he stood again at the 1983 general election. He tried one final time in 1987, but remained in third and last place with only 16.6 per cent.
# Tritonia dantarti

Tritonia dantarti is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.

## Distribution

This species was described from depths of 134 m off Bouvet Island, Southern Ocean, 54°22.49′S 3°17.58′E﻿ / ﻿54.37483°S 3.29300°E﻿ / -54.37483; 3.29300.
# L. floribunda

L. floribunda may refer to:
* Lagerstroemia floribunda, a plant native to tropical Southeast Asia
* Lappula floribunda, a borage native to western North America
* Lechenaultia floribunda, an Australian plant
* Ledebouria floribunda, a perennial herb
* Lindera floribunda, a dioecious plant
* Litsea floribunda, a dioecious plant
* Lockhartia floribunda, an epiphytic orchid
* Lophostachys floribunda, a plant native to Brazil
# Daniel (rocket)

Daniel (OPD-220-ADX) is the designation for a French experimental rocket, a precursor to the Israeli Jericho ballistic missile.

## Description

It consisted of 3 stages: a SPRAN-50 first stage, a Jericho second stage and a Mélanie third stage. Daniel was capable of reaching a maximum altitude of 130 km and had a takeoff weight of 1000 kg, a diameter of 0.40 m and a length of 8.40 m

## Launches

Daniel was launched three times between 1959 and 1961 by ONERA from Centre d'Essais et de Recherches d'Engins Speciaux - Ile de Levant.
Daniel launches :
| Date | Mission | Apogee |
| 1959 January 27 | Atmosphere radioactivity | 127 km (78 mi) |
| 1961 October 5 | Test / aeronomy mission | 130 km (80 mi) |
| 1961 October 9 | Test / aeronomy mission | 130 km (80 mi) |
# St John the Evangelist's Church, Carlton in Lindrick

St John the Evangelist's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Carlton in Lindrick, Nottinghamshire.
Situated in Catlton's section of South Carlton, it mustn't be confused with St John the Baptist's Church (see WM Commons) in South Carlton, Lincolnshire

## History

The church dates from the 7th century, making it one of the earliest religious foundations in Nottinghamshire.
The tower is from the early Norman period. The tower and chancel arches are also Norman. The north arcade is Transitional Norman and the south was built to imitate it. The church has a Norman font and an alabaster carving of the 15th century.
St Johns forms a joint parish with St Luke's Church, Langold and St Mark's Church, Oldcotes, within the Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham.

## Clock

An old clock which had not operated for over 20 years was replaced in 1851 with one donated by Robert Ramsden Esq. and built by Whitehurst of Derby. It comprised two dials of cast painted metal, a pendulum weighing 1.25 cwt and a driving weight of 5.25 cwt.
# Mubarak Rabi

Mubarak Rabi (also spelled M'Barek Rabi) is a Moroccan novelist and short-story writer, born in 1938, in Ben Maachou, near Casablanca.

## Early life

He was the dean of the Faculty of Letters and Humanities Ben M'Sik in Casablanca for several years. Rabi's novels give an unexpected insight in the social realities of urban and rural life of Morocco and in the role of magic and traditional beliefs.

## Career

Mubarak Rabi wrote several collections of short stories:Sayyidna Qadr (trl. Our Master Fate, 1969), Dar wa Dukhkhan (trl. A house and Smoke, 1975) and Rih'alat Al-H'asad wa Al-H'ubb, (trl. Journey of Harvest and Love, 1983). Some of his novels are: Attayyibun, (trl. The Good-Hearted, 1972), Rufqata Assilah'i wa Lqamar (trl. In the company of weapons and the Moon, 1976) and Arrih' Ashshatwiyya (trl. The Winter Wind, 1977). It is especially with his later books that he won a great public acclaim. These books are: the novel Badr Zamanihi (trl. The Moon of his Times, 1983), Burju Assua'ud (trl. Tower of Fortunes, 1990), the trilogy Derb Sultan (called after Derb sultane, an old quartier of Casablanca, 1999), the collection of short stories, al-Balluri al-maksur (trl. The broken crystalline, 1996), the short story collection Min Gharb lichark (trl. From West to East, 2002) and the novels Ayam jabilia (trl. Chronicle from the Mountains, 2003) and Ahl al-Bayad (trl. White People, 2011). Rabi also wrote more than twelve children's books.
Rabi studied and taught psychology. He published a collection of essays about children's psychology called Awatif al-Tifl (trl. The child's emotions, 1984).

## External sources

* Excerpt from Sayyidna Qadr, in English translation, Our Lord Fate, in Dalya Cohen-Mor, A Matter of Fate p. 41-48 (retrieved September 15, 2012)
* Menara, info site in Arabic, with photograph of the author (retrieved October 15, 2012)
# Cibotogaster

Cibotogaster is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Cibotogaster argentihirta Brunetti, 1923
* Cibotogaster auricollis (Brunetti, 1907)
* Cibotogaster azurea (Gerstaecker, 1857)
* Cibotogaster enderleini Kertész, 1914
* Cibotogaster fumipennis Kertész, 1914
* Cibotogaster kerteszii Krivosheina, 1992
* Cibotogaster varia (Walker, 1854)
* Cibotogaster walkeri James, 1975
# Strong Weakness (album)

Strong Weakness is the eighth studio album by American country music duo The Bellamy Brothers. It was released in 1982 via Elektra and Curb Records. The album includes the singles "Redneck Girl", "When I'm Away from You", "I Love Her Mind" and "Strong Weakness".

## Personnel

Adapted from liner notes.

### Bellamy Brothers Band

* David Bellamy - lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar, electric piano on "Lazy Eyes"
* Howard Bellamy - lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar
* Randy Ferrell - electric & acoustic guitars
* Donnie Helms - bass guitar
* Dannie Jones - steel guitar, lap slide guitar, dobro
* Jon LaFrandre - keyboards, background vocals
* Juan "The Breeze" Perez - drums, percussion

### Guest Musicians

* Buddy Spicher - fiddle
* Wally Dentz - harmonica
* Dewey Dorough - saxophone
* Rick Pupello - rhythm guitar
* Lea Jane Berinati & Yvonne Hodges - background vocals

## Chart performance

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 17 |
# Tritonia exsulans

Tritonia exsulans is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.

## Distribution

This species is found in the NE Pacific in shallow water, to 100 m depth. It has been frequently confused with Tritonia tetraquetra and Tritonia diomedea.
# Jani Likavec

Jani Likavec (born 10 March 1968) is a Slovenian male handball player. He was a member of the Slovenia men's national handball team. He was part of the team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, playing seven matches. On club level he played for Trimo Trebnje in Trebnje.
# L. formosa

L. formosa may refer to:
* Lambertia formosa, a shrub endemic to New South Wales
* Leptoxis formosa, an extinct snail
* Leycesteria formosa, a deciduous shrub
* Libertia formosa, a synonym of Libertia chilensis, an ornamental plant
* Lodderena formosa, a sea snail
* Lorryia formosa, an acariform mite
# System Controller Hub

System Controller Hub (SCH) is a family of Intel microchips employed in chipsets for low-power Atom-based platforms. Its architecture is consistent with the Intel Hub Architecture but combines the traditional northbridge and southbridge functions into a single microchip.

## Poulsbo

Poulsbo is the codename of the first SCH and plays a key role in Intel's second-generation Menlow UMPC and MID platform chipset for Atom Silverthorne microprocessors.
The graphics core is called GMA 500 and unlike most graphics cores used by Intel was developed by Imagination Technologies. Intel licensed the PowerVR SGX 535 as a graphics core and the PowerVR VXD370 for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC playback. The video core is able to process 720p as well as 1080i resolutions.
This has the following variations:
* SCH UL11L
* SCH US15L
* SCH US15W
* SCH US15WP
* SCH US15WPT
* SCH US15X

### GMA 500 Linux support

Although several netbooks using the Poulsbo chipset are shipped with some distribution of Linux (notably the Sony Vaio P and Dell Inspiron Mini 12, among others), Poulsbo's graphics core GMA 500 is currently not well supported by Intel for Linux.
A proprietary driver was shipped with Dell's adaptation of Ubuntu 8.04.1 Netbook Remix, which provides 2D hardware acceleration (although users reported serious stability issues) under Linux kernel 2.6.24. A work-in-progress free driver is currently available, however the proprietary driver does not work with current Linux kernels and current versions of X. Work is under way to provide at least 2D support in current Linux kernels, although this will still rely on proprietary binary code for the 3D part of the driver. The current status of this driver runs on Fedora 10 and allows for 2D. 3D acceleration, however, is still broken.
A working, proprietary driver package is available for Fedora 11.
Starting with Mandriva 2010 Release Candidate 2, Poulsbo drivers are now fully supported out of the box when you use One isos. Hardware will be automatically detected and configured using XFdrake. As it needs non-free firmware, this could not be included in Free isos.
A rudimentary (no 3D acceleration) driver was added to Linux 2.6.39.

## Whitmore Lake

Whitmore Lake is the codename of another SCH.
This has the following variations:
* 3100 SCH
# St John the Evangelist's Church, Byley

St John the Evangelist's Church is in the small village of Byley, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Middlewich. Its benefice is combined with that of St Michael and All Angels, Middlewich. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner regarded it as being "really very beautiful" with a "minimum of motifs, but a maximum of materials".

## History

The church was built as a Commissioners' Church in 1847 to a design by J. Matthews. It cost £1,000 (equivalent to £120,000 in 2023), the Church Building Commission giving a grant of £75 towards this.

## Architecture

The church is built in brick and stone with a roof of tiles. Its plan consists of a four-bay nave, a three-bay chancel which is narrower and less lofty than the nave, a north porch and a southeast tower. The tower has a stone parapet and a steep pyramidal roof. On the west end gable is a bellcote. The organ was built in 1860 by the Imperial Pipe Organ Company.

## External features

The churchyard contains the war graves of 18 Commonwealth service personnel of World War II.
# Cinematic (EP)

Cinematic is the first demo EP by former TNT and current Starbreaker singer Tony Harnell, released on September 23, 2008, for free on his official website, and later through Dovetone Music. It is Harnell's debut release as a solo artist. The EP featured 6 demo songs that might be re-recorded for his full-length solo album, due for release in 2010.
The album was produced by Mats Valentin who also recorded all of the instruments. Additional vocals were recorded by Swedish singer Aleena Gibson.
Demos of "Out from Under the Black Cloud", "The Show" and "Cinematic" were released in Christmas 2007, on Harnell's Myspace page. Those demos were produced by Lizette von Panajott and orchestrated by Glen Gabriel.

## Track listing

* "Out from Under the Black Cloud" - 5:06
* "The Show" - 3:58
* "I Don't Want Anything" - 3:59
* "Cinematic" - 4:34
* "One Way Ride" - 4:39
* "Unholy" - 4:53

## Personnel

* Tony Harnell – lead vocals
* Mats Valentin – production, guitars, bass, keyboards, drums, percussion
* Stefan Altzar - guitars, co-writer
* Aleena Gibson – co-writer
* Lizette Von Panajott - producer, singer
* Glen Gabriel - Orchestrator
* Tomas Johansson - bass
# Sonzacate

Sonzacate is a municipality in the Sonsonate department of El Salvador.
13°44′08″N 89°42′58″W﻿ / ﻿13.73556°N 89.71611°W﻿ / 13.73556; -89.71611
* This El Salvador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e