OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Skanssi (shopping centre)

Skanssi is a shopping center located in the Skanssi district of Turku, Finland. It is located along Highway 1 (E18) near the Kaarina town and the distance to the center of Turku is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi). The shopping center was inaugurated on April 17, 2009, and it is the second largest shopping center in the Turku region.
The shopping center has a gross floor area of 130,000 square meters and a leasable area of 40,000 square meters. It has parking space for 2,500 cars. The mall has about 100 stores, with six anchor stores including K-Citymarket, H&M, Stadium, Intersport, Clas Ohlson and XXL Sports & Outdoor.

## Awards

In 2019, the Skanssi shopping center was awarded the Best Marketing Campaign of the Year award by the Nordic Council of Shopping Centers (NCSC) Finland Awards. Skanssi won the best marketing campaign category with its 2018 summer campaign. In 2019, the Trade Committee of the Turku Chamber of Commerce awarded the Trade of the Year award to Skanssi. The award was given for taking responsibility from the construction stage onwards and for communicating it systematically. At the beginning of 2019, the Finnish Shopping Center Association awarded Skanssi with the Trade of the Year award. The award was given to Skanssi for rebranding its brand image.
# Slovakia women's national field hockey team

The Slovakia national women's field hockey team represents Slovakia in international field hockey tournaments for women. Before 2019 they were not ranked at the FIH World Rankings, because they had been inactive for several years. They generally compete in the lowest tier of the European championships, the Women's EuroHockey Championship III and have never qualified for a world cup nor the Olympics.

## Tournament record

EuroHockey Championship II :
| Year | Host city | Position |
| 2023 | Prague, Czech Republic | 8th |
EuroHockey Championship III :
| Year | Host city | Position |
| 2005 | Prague, Czech Republic | 3rd |
| 2007 | Zagreb, Croatia | 4th |
| 2009 | Olten, Switzerland | 4th |
| 2011 | Vienna, Austria | 5th |
| 2013 | Athens, Greece | 5th |
| 2015 | Sveti Ivan Zelina, Croatia | – |
| 2017 | Sveti Ivan Zelina, Croatia | – |
| 2019 | Lipovci, Slovenia | 7th |
| 2021 | Lipovci, Slovenia | 6th |
# Martin's Mill Covered Bridge

Martin's Mill Covered Bridge may refer to:
* Martin's Mill Covered Bridge (Antrim Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
* Bitzer's Mill Covered Bridge or Martin's Mill Bridge, a bridge in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States
* Martin's Mill Covered Bridge (Marianna, Pennsylvania)
* Martin's Mill Covered Bridge (Hartland, Vermont)
# Cholmley House

Cholmley House or Whitby Hall is a banqueting house sited next to the ruins of Whitby Abbey in North Yorkshire, England. It was built in 1672 by Sir Hugh Cholmeley, whose family had acquired the Abbey ruins and the land around them after its dissolution in 1539 – from then until 1672, the family had lived in what had been the Abbey's gatehouse and guest lodgings. It was originally built with a square forecourt in front of it, now known as the Stone Garden – this contains a replica of the Borghese Gladiator, another replica of which was owned by the builder of the house.
In 1743 the family succeeded to the Wentworth estates and moved its main base to Howsham Hall, leaving Cholmley House deserted. The north front lost its roof in a storm in 1790, leading to the demolition of the north front. Only the main hall remained and even this fell into decay before coming into the possession of the Strickland family, who fitted bracing arches in 1866 to secure its walls. These arches were replaced after the Ministry of Works took over the house and abbey ruins in 1936, before it was transferred to the Ministry's successor English Heritage in 1984. The house was repurposed as the museum, shop and visitor reception for the Abbey site by design studio Stanton Williams, and was reopened on 30 March 2002 by David Hope, then Archbishop of York.

## Sources

* ↑ "Do you have any blood-flavour fudge?". The Guardian. 1 April 2002. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
* ↑ "Archbishop opens town's religious heritage centre". Yorkshire Post. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
* George Young, A picture of Whitby and its environs, 1824
* http://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/towns/whitby.shtml
54°29′16″N 0°36′31″W﻿ / ﻿54.4877°N 0.6085°W﻿ / 54.4877; -0.6085
# Budget-maximizing model

The budget-maximizing model is a stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen. Niskanen first presented the idea in 1968, and later developed it into a book published in 1971. According to the budget-maximizing model, rational bureaucrats will always and everywhere seek to increase their budgets in order to increase their own power, thereby contributing strongly to state growth and potentially reducing social efficiency. The bureau-shaping model has been developed as a response to the budget-maximizing model. Niskanen's inspiration could also have been Parkinson's law sixteen years earlier (1955).

## Niskanen's budget maximizing bureaucrat

The model contemplates a bureaucrat who heads a public administration department, and who will try to maximize the department's budget, thus increasing its salary and prestige.
There is a demand for the department's services on the part of electors and voters, but, contrary to privately managed firms, which directly offer their products and services to these electors, the department is responsible for producing the services which will then be supplied by the Legislature to the electors.
It will therefore be the legislature, or Government, the agent which defines the department's budget, depending on the quantity which it supplies. The more services the department supplies, the higher will its budget be. Therefore, the bureaucrat's objective will be to maximize the quantity of services supplied, subject to a social welfare break-even constraint. This means that the dead weight loss generated by excessive production of services must never be higher than the elector's consumer surplus (otherwise, the Legislature would notice that something was wrong with the department's activity, which would be causing social losses and not gains).
In other words, a typical, private-sector utility maximizing model would anticipate that the department would expand services (and budgets) to the point that the marginal cost and marginal benefits are equated. In Niskanen's model, he would predict that average costs and benefits would be equated instead of the marginals.
# Slănic (Vărbilău)

The Slănic is a left tributary of the river Vărbilău in Romania. It discharges into the Vărbilău in Vărbilău. Its length is 18 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 44 km$^2$ (17 sq mi).
# Slovene theatre in Trieste

The Slovene Civic Theatre in Trieste (Slovene: Slovensko stalno gledališče; Italian: Teatro Stabile Sloveno) is the professional theatre of the Slovene minority in Trieste. The building was designed in the 1960s by Edo Mihevc, a Slovene architect of Trieste descent.

## History

On 8 March 1902, its predecessor, the Slovene Drama Society, was established in Trieste. In 1904, the theatre moved to the National Hall building. It had premiered 245 works by 1920, when it was burned by Italian Fascists, and it was prohibited during the Fascist Italianization period between the 1920s and 1945.
After World War II, the theater did not have its own fixed location until 1964, when it received its present location at Petronio Street no. 4. It premiered 254 works between the 1964/65 and 2003/04 seasons.

## Today

It is visited by students from schools with Slovene as the language of instruction, both from Trieste and in Littoral Slovenia. It also offers subtitles for visitors that speak only Italian.
# Martha Curnutt Casto

Martha Curnutt Casto (c. 1812 - 1887) was sentenced to five years in Missouri State Penitentiary, an all-male prison, in 1843 after murdering her brutally abusive husband, Noah Casto, with an ax while he slept in Barry County, Missouri. Her experience in the Penitentiary roused enough support from political figures in the state to petition for her pardon, which was granted in 1844. The incident drew attention to the fact that an all-female prison was necessary.

## Early life

Martha was born about 1812 in Tennessee, the daughter of John Curnutt. On July 6, 1839, she married Noah Casto in Cole County, Missouri. Noah was from Pennsylvania and had been married at least twice before. Martha and Noah had two children together, a daughter named Mary and a son Noah, born about 1840 and 1842 respectively.

## Murder, imprisonment, and pardon

On the morning of July 10, 1843, Martha's husband Noah announced that she had better make breakfast and then say her prayers because he was going to kill her afterward, then went back to sleep. In fear for her life and believing it was "his life or hers", Martha picked up the fire wood ax and brought it down on Noah's head as he slept, right through his eyes. She killed him with one blow. She then went to her neighbor and explained what had happened. She was convicted of first-degree manslaughter and sentenced to five years in Missouri State Penitentiary, where she was the only female prisoner out of about 800. Since she was not able to mix with the male prisoners, her food was brought to her cell and she was put to work outside the prison walls, in the homes of prison lessees, Captain Ezra Richmond and Judge James Brown. There, she was regularly abused by Brown's wife, to the extent than she attempted to run away but was recaptured and temporarily placed in solitary confinement.
Martha became pregnant while in the Penitentiary. Though the father remains unknown, the list of suspects is limited to those who had access to her while in prison, such as the prison guards and lessees. She gave birth in the fall of 1844 and the child, a daughter named Sarah, remained in her cell with her. With the knowledge that the baby may not survive the winter in a cold cell, 55 people, among them some prominent local figures, signed a petition for Martha's pardon which was granted in December 1844 by Governor John C. Edwards.

## Later life and death

After her release, Martha and her children assumed the use of her maiden name and lived with her father, John Curnutt, for some time. Martha's daughter Mary was married to Samuel Nixon, while her son Noah enlisted in the Union Army and died during his service in the Civil War. In her later years, Martha lived with her daughter Mary until her death on April 4, 1887, around the age of 75.

## Legacy

Actress Cynthia Nixon is a descendant of Martha Curnutt, via her daughter Mary Nixon who was Cynthia's great-great-grandmother. Cynthia was featured on the celebrity genealogy TV show, Who Do You Think You Are?
# Martha Custis

Martha Custis may refer to:
* Martha Washington (1731–1802), married name Martha Custis, widow of Daniel Custis and First First Lady of the United States
* Martha Parke Custis (1756–1773), daughter of above
* Martha Parke Custis Peter (1777–1854), née Martha Custis, granddaughter of Martha Washington and niece of above
# Budugumpa, Koppal

Budugumpa also spelled as Boodugumpa is a village in the Koppal taluk of Koppal district in the Indian state of Karnataka.

## Geography

Budugumpa is located northeast to District Headquarters Koppal. Budugumpa Cross is the grade-separated intersection point of National Highway 50 and State Highway 23.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Budugumpa had a population of 3,530 with 1,824 males and 1,706 females and 573 Households.
# Budugen

Budugen (died 233) was a Xianbei chieftain who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the grandson of Tanshihuai, and after the death of his head chief and brother, Kuitou, his clan's domain was divided between him and another brother, Fuluohan.
Budugen retained his independence by pledging allegiance to the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and sending tribute to Cao Pi, the first Wei emperor. After Fuluohan was killed by a rival Xianbei chieftain, Kebineng, he fought incessantly with Kebineng but weakened his forces in the process. During the reign of the second Wei emperor Cao Rui, Budugen formed an alliance with Kebineng and started a rebellion against Wei rule. However, the rebellion was crushed and Budugen was killed by Kebineng.
# Skrappys

Skrappy's was a youth-run, youth-oriented performing arts and after-school center as well as an all-ages music venue, performance space and community hub in downtown Tucson, Arizona. It was billed as a drug-free, positive environment that encouraged expression and youth culture. It offered live music, and classes in music, film and theater, break dancing, visual art, printing, karate, literacy, GPS mapping, sewing and fashion design photography, writing, publishing, activism, organizing, civic engagement and empowerment.

## History

The center was founded in 1995 Kathy Wooldridge. As an alcohol-free haven, Scrappys hosted national bands, such as Botch, Fall Out Boy, Give Up the Ghost, and a wide variety of Tucson native bands like The Bled, Versus the Mirror, Blues, The American Black Lung, Line of Fire, The Mean Reds, and Beyond the Citadel of Coup de Grace. Skrappy's also offered job opportunities, drug counseling, classes and emergency clothing, blankets and shelter.
In December 2005, a fight broke out in Scrappys when adult members of a gang associated with a hard-core metal band that was playing entered the venue and began shoving people. The fight moved into the parking lot where members of the gang grabbed weapons like a hammer and machete. A man with a license to carry a concealed weapon shot and killed another man who was assaulting a third person. The shooter was not charged with a crime, but the umbrella organization under which Scrappy's ran, Our Family Services, paid an out-of-court settlement of $150,000 in the summer of 2007 and never recovered financially. IN 2013 it was taken over by a local church with a youth program and renamed.
In 2006, Skrappy's served more than 16,000 young people in the form of food, clothing or referrals to other resources in the community. More than 29,000 at-risk children, youth, families, seniors and disabled adults received counseling, education, housing, mediation and crisis help. It continued its usual shows until winter of that year when it were given a 90-day eviction notice. It continued at Broadway until the summer of 2007. In September it relocated to the basement of Big Brothers Big Sisters and continued to provide services but stopped doing shows. In 2008, it moved 91 E. Toole Avenue but the building's condition forced Skrappy's team to vacate and meet at the houses of team members, collaborating with the University of Arizona and city officials of Tucson. It moved to 191 E. Toole Avenue in downtown Tucson in 2009 but by 2013 the venue was a shambles and it Skrappy's closed.
# Marshal Manengkei

Marshal Manengkei (9 March 1949 – 25 August 2017) was a Dutch-Indonesian producer, songwriter, composer and lyricist. He was also an occasional singer. He had been a co-composer on a number of Dutch and European hit singles during the 1970s.

## Background
### Early years

He was born on March 9, 1949, In Surabaya, Indonesia. Due to the political upheaval in Indonesia during the 1960s, his family left their country for Europe in 1965. Some nine months after their arrival, his father suffered a stroke and young Marshal had to help out by finding extra paid work.

### Career

Some of the hit songs he has co-composed with Andres Holten include "Sausalito" and "My Love" for Rosy & Andres. He also composed Oscar Harris's hit "Song For The Children", and Debbie's "Angelino". As a producer, he has produced for the Blue Diamonds,

## Discography

* Stoney's Aphrodite – "Down At Rockszana's" / "Reaching Out" - Sky SKY 4159 SS - (1984)
# Smith Lake, Minnesota

Smith Lake is an unincorporated community in Middleville Township, Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located along Wright County Road 5 near 50th Street SW. Nearby places include Cokato and Howard Lake.
Smith Lake was platted in 1869, and named after nearby Smith Lake. A post office was established at Smith Lake in 1871, and remained in operation until 1914.
# Chris Mayer (field hockey)

Chris Mayer (born 17 March 1968) is a British former field hockey player who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
# Hodenc-l'Évêque

Hodenc-l'Évêque is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
# Smethcott

Smethcott (sometimes Smethcote) is a civil parish and dispersed hamlet near the village of Picklescott, in Shropshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 254.
The name Smethcott has an Old English origin, and means "cottage(s) of the smiths". It was listed as a manor in Domesday, where (spelt "Smerecote") it is recorded as having been held by Eldred, the tenant of its former owner Edmund, who now himself held it from a member of the Anglo-Norman nobility. A 13th century motte-and-bailey castle existed at Smethcott, of which now only the earthworks remain in a field near the church. The motte hill rises to an altitude of 247 metres (810 ft).
The church, which is dedicated to St Michael and All Angels, was largely rebuilt in 1850 though retains some Norman features. The parish's war memorial, a stone cross, is in the churchyard and there is also a Roll of Honour inside the church.
The village school closed in 1964 and today the nearest services (pubs, shops, etc.) are found in Picklescott and Leebotwood.
The rural parish is situated in the northern foothills of the Long Mynd and includes Picklescott and the hamlet of Betchcott. The nearest town is Church Stretton. To the south is the village and parish of Woolstaston, with the Betchcott Brook forming the parish boundary.
# Slaphappy: Pride, Prejudice, and Professional Wrestling

Slaphappy: Pride, Prejudice, and Professional Wrestling is a book written by reporter Thomas Hackett that describes, with a sociological and philosophical bent, the industry of professional wrestling.

## Reception

The New York Times gave the book a mediocre review. Kirkus Reviews said the book is a "punch-drunk saga of showbiz ugliness". Publishers Weekly called the title a "fascinating study".
# Bulbophyllum masarangicum

Bulbophyllum masarangicum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Christian Coalition

Christian Coalition may refer to:
* Christian Coalition of America
* Christian Coalition (New Zealand)
* Australian Christian Lobby, previously called the Australian Christian Coalition
* Christian's Coalition, a now defunct professional wrestling stable in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
# Martin Bodin

Martin Bodin (29 September 1903 – 7 October 1976) was a Swedish cinematographer. Martin Bodin was born at the Baltic Island of Gotland in 1903. He worked for the Swedish film studio Svensk Filmindustri from 1930 to 1968, photographing more than 85 films. He died in Sollentuna north of Stockholm in 1976.

## Selected filmography

* The False Millionaire (1931)
* Skipper's Love (1931)
* Ship Ahoy! (1931)
* His Life's Match (1932)
* Augusta's Little Misstep (1933)
* The Song to Her (1934)
* Simon of Backabo (1934)
* Fired (1934)
* Walpurgis Night (1935)
* Unfriendly Relations (1936)
* It Pays to Advertise (1936)
* The Andersson Family (1937)
* Conflict (1937)
* Adolf Strongarm (1937)
* Art for Art's Sake (1938)
* Styrman Karlssons flammor (1938)
* Just a Bugler (1938)
* The Great Love (1938)
* Whalers (1939)
* Kiss Her! (1940)
* Poor Ferdinand (1941)
* Little Napoleon (1943)
* The Old Clock at Ronneberga (1944)
* His Excellency (1944)
* Oss tjuvar emellan eller En burk ananas (1945)
* His Majesty Must Wait (1945)
* The Journey Away (1945)
* Sunshine Follows Rain (1946)
* The Balloon (1946)
* Rail Workers (1947)
* The Girl from the Marsh Croft (1947)
* A Swedish Tiger (1948)
* Father Bom (1949)
* Customs Officer Bom (1951)
* Skipper in Stormy Weather (1951)
* Blondie, Beef and the Banana (1952)
* Encounter with Life (1952)
* Bom the Flyer (1952)
* Say It with Flowers (1952)
* Dance, My Doll (1953)
* No Man's Woman (1953)
* Dance in the Smoke (1954)
* The Unicorn (1955)
* The Biscuit (1956)
* The Halo Is Slipping (1957)
* More Than a Match for the Navy (1958)
* The Great Amateur (1958)
* Only a Waiter (1959)
* A Lion in Town (1959)
* Heaven and Pancake (1959)
* On a Bench in a Park (1960)
# Småknoltane Peaks

Småknoltane Peaks (72°7′S 8°3′E﻿ / ﻿72.117°S 8.050°E﻿ / -72.117; 8.050) is a chain of peaks 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) long, rising on the east side of the mouth of Snuggerud Glacier in the Filchner Mountains of Queen Maud Land. They were photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39) and mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60), and named Småknoltane ("the small knolls").
# Bucculatrix artemisiella

Bucculatrix artemisiella is a species of moth of the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in most of Europe (except Ireland, the Mediterranean islands and the Balkan Peninsula). It was first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1855.
The wingspan is 7–8 mm.
The larvae feed on Artemisia campestris. They mine the leaves of their host plant.
# Hollow Tree Nights and Days

Hollow Tree Nights and Days is a children's book written by Albert Bigelow Paine and illustrated by J. M. Condé. It was published by Harper & Brothers in 1915. The book continues the tales of the 'Coon, the 'Possum, the Old Black Crow, and their friends.
The general setting of this book is 'the story teller' who sits in a rocking chair in front of the old fireplace, with the 'Little Lady' sitting on his lap as he smokes a pipe and tells the old stories of the Hollow Tree Folk.
The book contain pen-and-ink illustrations of the stories, including a new map of the Hollow Tree and Deep Woods Country.

## The Hollow Tree Series

* The Hollow Tree and Deep Woods Book (1901)
* The Hollow Tree Snowed-In Book (1910)
* Hollow Tree Nights and Days (1915)
# Hollow cathode effect

The hollow cathode effect allows electrical conduction at a lower voltage or with more current in a cold-cathode gas-discharge lamp when the cathode is a conductive tube open at one end than a similar lamp with a flat cathode. The hollow cathode effect was recognized by Friedrich Paschen in 1916.
In a hollow cathode, the electron emitting surface is in the inside of the tube. Several processes contribute to enhanced performance of a hollow cathode:
* The pendulum effect, where an electron oscillates back and forth in the tube, creating secondary electrons along the way
* The photoionization effect, where photons emitted in the tube cause further ionization
* Stepwise ionization
* Sputtering
The hollow cathode effect is utilized in the electrodes for neon signs, in hollow-cathode lamps, and more.