OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kottappadi Football Stadium, Malappuram

Kottappadi Football Stadium, also known as Malappuram Stadium, is a historic football stadium in Malappuram, Kerala. It is under the management of Malappuram District Sports Council, located right at the heart of CBD of Malappuram. Malappuram is unequivocally considered to be the cradle of Indian football, and this stadium owns much of credit.

## History

Malappuram has a long history with football, its bond with the game dates back to British colonial era in India. The historic Kottapadi Maidan or 'Kavathu Parambu' as it was called back then, has witnessed endless football battles between the natives and Britishers. Built first as a stud farm before Independence, it became a march-past ground for the British Army where they also played football that drew interest among the locals. Then people of the town grew up seeing the elders playing barefoot with the British army men in the ground, eventually going on to become a symbol of Malappuram’s football-centric culture. The stadium also has contributed many football players to national and state teams. Late Irumban Moideen who started playing at Kottappadi joined Royal Indian Air Force and represented India as well as Pakistan and was a team captain. International Moideenkutty, who played for the State in Santosh Trophy and Railways football team worn Indian jersey against Myanmar and Russia. Malappuram Azees, Former Santosh Trophy star M.R.C Chekku, Ali Akbar and Goalkeeper Manjakandan Aboobackar etc. are few others who made in to the fame league.

## Events

Post Independence, the first official tournament reported to have been hosted by the stadium was the Moidu Memorial All-Kerala Football Tournament held in 1952. All-India Civil Service Tournament, Kerala Premier League, State Senior Football Championship and a slew of district, Malabar Premier League and state football championships were also organised here.

## Coaching & practice

Currently Kerala Blasters FC Coaching center is stationed here along with city level coaching provided by Municipality. The stadium is home ground for Malappuram FC and was the practice turf for Gokulam FC. In the 2019–20 Kerala Premier League, the stadium served as home ground for Real Malabar FC & Luca Soccer Club.

## Facilities

It has dressing rooms for two teams, rest rooms, referee rooms, VIP pavilion, two guest rooms and medical facilities. Stadium can accommodate 8,000 to 10,000 persons. Floodlights will be erected in the second phase of the renovation. And plans are there to increase the seating capacity so that bigger matches may be conducted.
# Geitodoris planata

Geitodoris planata is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Discodorididae.

## Taxonomy

It was originally described from Europe. Caribbean populations are morphologically similar but almost certainly distinct. Alvim & Pimenta (2013) regarded Caribbean animals as Geitodoris pusae (Er. Marcus, 1955), but no molecular studies have been conducted to compare animals from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Further research is necessary to clarify the status of this species.

## Distribution

Distribution of Geitodoris planata includes Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Western Atlantic: New Jersey, St. Lucia and Panama.
The type locality is "Lamlash Bay", Isle of Arran, Scotland.

## Description

The body is oval. Mantle is rigid. Dorsum is covered by rounded, stalked tubercles. Background color is grayish-brown with some dark brown irregular patches. The color fades and becomes more translucent towards the mantle margin. Larger tubercles surrounded with opaque white pigment. Rhinophores and gill are usually the same color as the dorsum with white tips. The maximum recorded body length is 65 mm.

## Ecology

Minimum recorded depth is 91 m. Maximum recorded depth is 267 m. But this species apparently live also in more shallow water. It was found in coral rubble in a predominately sea grass habitat in Panama.
Its prey include sponges Hemimycale columella and Hymeniacidon perlevis.
# Tibioploides arcuatus

Tibioploides arcuatus is a spider species found in Scandinavia, Russia and Estonia.
# The Common Pursuit

The Common Pursuit is a play by Simon Gray which follows the lives of six characters who first meet as undergraduates at Cambridge University when they are involved in setting up a literary magazine called The Common Pursuit. The title is an allusion to F. R. Leavis's 1952 collection of essays Scrutiny: The Common Pursuit.

## Characters

* Stuart Thorne
* Marigold Watson
* Martin Musgrove
* Humphry Taylor
* Nick Finchling
* Peter Whetworth

## Synopsis

The characters of The Common Pursuit first meet in Stuart Thorne's rooms in Cambridge, at the first meeting of a literary magazine Stuart is starting called The Common Pursuit. He and Marigold are very much in love, Nick is determined to become a theatre critic, Humphry wants to be a philosophy professor, Martin is set on a career in publishing and Peter only seems interested in chasing women. The play then follows their various lives and careers over the next 20 years, and their struggles to remain faithful to their ambitions and the things they love.

## Productions

The Common Pursuit was first performed at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith on July 3, 1984, directed by Harold Pinter, with the following cast:
* Stuart Thorne - Nicholas le Prevost
* Marigold Watson - Nina Thomas
* Martin Musgrove - Ian Ogilvy
* Humphry Taylor - Clive Francis
* Nick Finchling - Robert East
* Peter Whetworth - Simon Williams
Simon Gray kept a diary of the original production which was published as An Unnatural Pursuit and other pieces by Faber and Faber in 1985. The play was first performed in London's West End on April 7, 1988, with Rik Mayall, John Sessions, Sarah Berger, Paul Mooney, Stephen Fry and John Gordon Sinclair, directed by Simon Gray. In July, the cast changed to James Wilby, Patrick Barlow and Jason Carter with Sarah Berger, Paul Mooney and John Gordon Sinclair.
Between the 1984 and 1988 London productions, Gray directed the American premiere of The Common Pursuit at the Promenade Theatre, Off-Broadway. It opened on October 19, 1986, won positive notices, ran for 352 performances, and won both the 1987 Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Play, and the 1987 Outer Critics Circle for Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play. The original cast included:
* Stuart Thorne - Kristoffer Tabori
* Marigold Watson - Judy Geeson
* Martin Musgrove - Michael Countryman
* Humphry Taylor - Peter Friedman
* Nick Finchling - Nathan Lane
* Peter Whetworth - Dylan Baker

## Television

Simon Gray adapted The Common Pursuit for the BBC's Screen Two series, which was broadcast on 8 March 1992, with Kevin McNally, Tim Roth, Stella Gonet, Andrew McCarthy, Stephen Fry and James Fleet. It was directed by Christopher Morahan and produced by Kenith Trodd.

## Critical reception

In a review for The Daily Telegraph of a production of The Common Pursuit at the Menier Chocolate Factory, London in 2008, Charles Spencer wrote:
# Ideas for India

Ideas for India (I4I) was launched in 2012 by a group of economists at the International Growth Centre. I4I is an economics and policy portal that publishes analysis and commentary on issues pertaining to growth and development in India.
As described by The Economist, I4I "Gives economists (and other academics) in India and beyond a chance to write for non-expert readers". The portal serves as a space for economists, other social scientists, and practitioners to use their research and experience to weigh in on policy questions. I4I carries posts on topics covering agriculture, governance, environment, and poverty and inequality, among others.

## Background

Conceived as a means to "plug the loophole" of insufficient evidence-based policy ideas and discussion, I4I is a not-for-profit portal and has a contributor pool of over 1,400 contributors from across policy stakeholder groups including academia and research, think tanks, multilateral organizations, civil society organizations, policy practitioners, private sector, and so on. Posts on the website are in the form of research-based "Articles", opinion-based "Perspectives", experience-based "Notes from the Field", explainers, e-symposia, podcasts, videos, and panel discussions.
In 2018, a Hindi section, carrying translations of the portal's selected English content, was launched. Content from I4I has been reprinted and mentioned in articles in media publications, and in notable policy documents.
# Grandma (album)

Grandma is the debut studio album by Filipino singer-songwriter Unique Salonga. It was released on August 13, 2018, by O/C Records.

## Background and composition

On May 5, 2018, IV of Spades frontman Unique Salonga had officially departed from his band, seeking to pursue "personal endeavors", much to the dismay of fans. On July 13, Unique released his first single from the album, "Midnight Sky", accompanied by a black-and-white music video. This coincided with the release of IV of Spades's new single "In My Prison", the band's first after Unique's departure.
On September 1, Unique released the second single from the album, titled "Cha-Ching!" with its black-and-white music video, directed by himself. "Sino", the third single from the album, was released on March 16, 2019. Directed by Kean Cipriano, its music video was also set in black-and-white mode and shot in various places to have a “symmetrical” vibe to achieve a self-exploration feel, according to him.

## Recording

With Callalily vocalist Kean Cipriano co-producing, Unique self-produced Grandma. Emil Dela Rosa mixed and mastered the album with Billy Reyes at the House of Billy Gaga Studios. "Cha-Ching!" was one of the first songs to be recorded and utilized heavy synths, percussion tracks, and vocal stacks. Among the first tracks as well was "Midnight Sky" which used a Shure SM57 and an AKG C414 XLS for mics. The song is one of the more minimalist in the album, alongside "Apoy ng Kandila". The tracks "Jules" and "Goodnight Prayer" were mixed to mimic the panning effects of records during the early days of stereo.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Unique

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Notable Works | Result | Ref. |
| 2019 | 32nd Awit Award | Best Cover Art | "Grandma" | Won | |
| 2021 | 6th Wish Music Awards | Wishclusive Rock/Alternative Song of the Year | "Sino" | Won | |
# LKOD KOD-1

The KOD-1 was an Estonian-designed Latvian trainer aircraft built by Liepājas Kara Ostas Darbnīcas (Liepāja military manufacturing). The KOD-1 was built from 1936 until 1938 and was used as a trainer by the Latvian Aeroclub and the Aizsargi home guard.

## Design and operational history

In the 1930s, the Estonian designers Voldemar Post, Otto Org and Roman Neudorf (later changed his name to Rein Tooma) had constructed PON-1 trainer in Estonia. They gave the production license also to Latvia. Production started in 1935 in the Liepāja military workshops under name KOD-1. The airplane was designed as a one or two-seater biplane. The first flight of KOD-1 was in January 1936 when it was flown from Liepāja to Spilve airport, Riga. In March the first four airplanes were deployed to the Aizsargi aviation unit. The airplanes were actively used for training purposes as well as for demonstration flights in the Baltics and Finland. In total at least nine planes were built. After the Occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1940 the KOD-1 was not used and several examples were destroyed. In 1941 there was only one airworthy KOD-1 at the Gulbene airport. After the start of Operation Barbarossa, the airport was evacuated to the Soviet Union in early July. The last KOD-1 crashed during takeoff from Gulbene.

## Specifications (KOD-1A)

The first models of the KOD-1 had Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major I five-cylinder radial engines, but due to constant overheating and compression problems they were replaced with de Havilland Gipsy Major engines from 1937, under the designation KOD-1A.
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 7.30 m (23 ft 11 in)
* Wingspan: 7.30 m (23 ft 11 in)
* Height: 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)
* Empty weight: 620 kg (1,367 lb)
* Gross weight: 880 kg (1,940 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × de Havilland Gipsy Major 4-cylinder inline engine, four stroke aircraft engine, 93 kW (125 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed fixed pitch
Performance
* Maximum speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)
* Cruise speed: 125 km/h (78 mph, 67 kn)
# Tom Stempel

Tom Stempel (born 1941) is an American film scholar and critic. He is a Professor Emeritus in Film at Los Angeles City College, where he taught from 1971 to 2011.
His students at LACC included writer director, Maggie Greenwald and Karen Moncrieff, directors Tamra Davis and Emmy-award winning Mimi Leder, film editors Carole Kravitz and Academy Award-nominated Kevin Tent, Academy Award-winning short filmmaker Ron Ellis, and Rick Schmidlin who received The New York Film Critics Circle award for the re-edit of Touch of Evil. An expert and teacher of screenwriting, he has written for Film Quarterly, Los Angeles Times, Sight & Sound, Film & History, Senses of Cinema, Slant Magazine, and has contributed to the Journal of Screenwriting.

## Books

He is the author of books such as Screenwriter: the Life and Times of Nunnally Johnson, FrameWork: A History of Screenwriting in the American Film, Storytellers to the Nation: A History of American Television Writing, and Understanding Screenwriting: Learning from Good, Not-Quite-So-Good, and Bad Screenplays. Philip Dunne, the screenwriter of How Green Was My Valley, said in this Foreword to FrameWork that the book was "the definitive work on the history of screenwriting." According to Ian Scott, Stempel's book FrameWork "sets out a number of reasons that a wave of playwrights, journalists, and short-story writers made their way to Hollywood, principally from New York, in the late 1920s and early '30s".
Other film historians who have acknowledged Stempel's influence in the field and in their research include Ally Acker, Douglas Heil, Claus Tieber, Steven Maras, Steven Price, and Jill Nelmes and Jule Selbo. Since 2008 Stempel has written the on-line column "Understanding Screenwriting," in which he reviews new movies, old movies, and television from the screenwriting perspective. From 2008 to 2013, it appeared in Slant Magazine/House Next Door, and from 2013 to 2017 on at www.creativescreenwiting.com. From 2018 it has been at scriptmag.com.
In 2023 Tom Stempel was awarded the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award for Services to Screenwriting Research, presented by an international organization, the Screenwriting Research Network.

## Selected articles

* Let's Hear It For Eastwood's 'Strong Women: Los Angeles Times Sunday Calendar Magazine, March 11, 1984.
* The Sennett Screenplays,: Sight and Sound, Winter 1985.
* Rear Window: A John Michael Hayes Film: Creative Screenwriting, Winter 1997.
* The Collaborative Dog: Wag the Dog: Film & History Volume 35.1.
* Talking Back to Documentaries:
* Darryl F. Zanuck: 19th Century Fox Senses of Cinema, Issue 55, July 11, 2010.
* Tim Holt and the B western: Offscreen.com, November 2013.
* Filling up the glass: A Look at the Historiography of Screenwriting: The Journal of Screenwriting, Volume 5.2.
# Beaver Dam, New Brunswick

BeaverDam is a settlement in York County, New Brunswick. New Brunswick Route 101 runs through BeaverDam.

## Population

Currently, BeaverDam is a parish of New Maryland, New Brunswick, and the population consists of 2,805 people.

## History

BeaverDam was settled in 1830 on the South Branch of the Rusagonis Stream. The site was established as a farming community in 1866, with a population of 100; this community included six different families. One notable family was the O'leary's who settled in the mid 1800's with descendants still living there today. The first post office was put up in 1898 as well.
St. John the Evangelist Anglican Church, BeaverDam was originally built in 1840 in New Maryland, New Brunswick, was later moved to Rusagonis, New Brunswick, and then to its final resting place of BeaverDam, New Brunswick where it was later taken down on April 5, 2015.
# Kottappady

Kottappady is a village in Kothamangalam Taluk in Ernakulam district of Kerala State, India. It belongs to Central Kerala Division. It is located 10 km from Kothamangalam. The village came into existence in the year 1953.
Kalkunnel Mar Geevarghese Sahada Jacobite Syrian Church, one of the prominent Jacobite churches in Kerala, is situated here, one of the biggest Jacobite churches in India. Kottekkevu bhagavathi temple in south Kottappady, famous for Kottekkavu Bharani (Meenam) is the first place of worship.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census data, Kottappady had a population of 13,512 with 6,710 males and 6,802 females. The village had 3,357 households total, with approximately 87% literacy and approximately 91% of the population above age 6.
Education
Kottappady South Lower Primary School (GLPS), Kottappady North Lower Primary School (LPS), and Mar Elias Higher Secondary School (HSS) are among the oldest schools here.

## Government

Kottappaddy is under the Government of Kerala, and is part of the Legislative Assembly Constituencies (LAC) group 087: Kothamangalam under the 07 Ernakulam district.

## Institutions and Services

The government controls various village institutions and assets, including one shopping complex, one library, thirteen public wells, and eighteen public pools. Additional government institutions are shown in the table below.
Institutions, as of 2019 :
| Institution | Location | No. of Employees |
| Gram Panchayat Office | Kottappady | 16 |
| Krishi Bhavan | Kottappady | 4 |
| Primary Health Center | Kottappady | 15 |
| Health Sub-centers | Plamudy, Naganchery, Uppukandam, Tholely | |
| Ayurvedic Hospital | Kottappady | 2 |
| Homoeopathic Hospital | Kottappady | 1 |
| Veterinary Hospital | Kottappady | 6 |
| Village Extension Office | Kottappady, Vadassery | 2 |
| Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Supervisor Office | Kottappady | |
| ICDS Anganwadis | Nellithandu, Plamudy, Cheranganal, North, Uppukandam, Vadassery, Tunnel, Thekkavumpady, Panipat, Pallipadi, Kollipparambu, Vaveli, Kuttamkulam, Cheenikkuzhi | 31 |
| Government Upper Primary School (GUPS) Panipat | Vadassery | 15 |
| Government Lower Primary School (GLPS) Fort North | Kottappady | 12 |
| GLPS (GLPS) Kottappady South | Kottappady | 6 |
| Office of the Local Self Government Department (LSGD) Assistant Engineer | Kottappady | 4 |
| Kudumbasree Office | Kottappady | 2 |
# Tertiary Scholarship and Loans Service

The Tertiary Scholarships and Loans Service (TSLS) is a Statutory Institution established under the Tertiary Scholarship and Loans Act 2014 (“the Act”) to administer and implement Government funded scholarship, study loan and grant schemes . TSLS is responsible for ensuring transparent and accountable management of Government funding. In doing this, TSLS focuses on achieving demand led human capital development outcomes for Fiji.

## History

TSLS was established in 2014 and has assisted more than 50,000 Fijian students. Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama declared that the government will continue to play an important role in the education of students. As of March 2022, more than 12,000 students are currently on TSLS. TSLS has revealed that more than $500 million is owed by students and only $23 million has been paid back.

## Schemes

TSLS provides three schemes: Scholarships, Study Loan and Grants. Under the Scholarship scheme, TSLS provides local and overseas scholarships as well as for students with special needs. The Loan scheme is funded in the form of loans that are not normal debts. Since its establishment, the Government has paid out $1.2 billion for the schemes.

### Scholarship

Also known as NTS (National Toppers Scholarship), these are fully funded scholarships for the top ranked students who have completed Year 13 (Thirteenth grade). To qualify, students should score 320/400 in the Fiji Year 13 Examination, however cut off marks vary in different prioritized areas. As of 2024, the total number of scholarships funded by the government is 480.

### Loan

Also known as TELS (Tertiary Education Loans Scheme), these are funds in the form of loans which provides students with zero interest rates limited to the first Bachelor's degree. To qualify, students should score more than 280/400 in the Fiji Year 13 Examination. As of 2022, the total number of loan schemes funded is 7,000 spread out to Bachelor's degree and Academic certificate.
# Replogle

Replogle is the world's largest manufacturer of globes.

## History

Replogle Globes was started by Luther Replogle (1902-1981) when, in 1930, he began selling globes which he crafted by hand in his apartment in Chicago, using maps from England. His vision was to make globes a common feature in people's households, rather than something found only in academic settings. Luther Replogle co-founded Scanglobe in 1963. After Luther Replogle's death in 1981, Replogle Globes purchased Scanglobe's remaining interest in 1988, and moved the company to the United States in 2003 as a Replogle brand.

## Products

Replogle makes metal globes, light-up globes (in glass [vintage], cardboard, and plastic), inflatable plastic globes, transparent globes, a cube-shaped globe, and a variety of globe stands. In addition to globes of Earth, Replogle also makes globes of Venus, Mars, the Moon, and the celestial sphere.
# Manibhadresvara Temple – II

Manibhadresvara Temple – II is an abandoned Hindu temple located in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. Its elevation is 74 feet (23 m).

## Location

It is situated on the left side of the Rath Road branching from Mausima (Ramesvara) temple to Badheibanka Chowk. The temple now stands on private land.

## History

It is privately owned by Rabindra Kumar Paramaguru. Its architectural features indicate that it was formed in the 8th century.

## Architecture

Its typology is Rekha deul in the Kalingan style. The temple is surrounded by Paramaguru temple, shops, a well and residential buildings. The temple faces east. On plan, the temple has a square vimana that measures 2.20 square meters. On elevation, the temple is a triratha that measures 4.20 m in height. Pabhaga is buried, jangha 1.00 m, gandi 3.00 m, mastaka 0.20 m. The amalaka stone is broken.
Decorative features include door jams that measure 1.20 m in height x 0.90 m in width, a plain lintel. It is built with grey sandstone using dry masonry.

## Conservation

Cracks have developed in all sides of the temple. Pabhaga is buried and the kanika paga has collapsed. The temple is crumbling.
# Bhairab Kund Khola Hydropower Station

Bhairab Kund Khola Hydropower Station (Nepali:भैरव कुण्ड खोला जलविद्युत आयोजना) is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Larcha, Sindhupalchok District of Nepal. The flow from Bhairab Kund River, a tributary of Bhote Koshi River, is used to generate 3 MW electricity. The plant is owned and developed by Bhairabkund Hydropower Pvt. Ltd., an IPP of Nepal. The plant started generating electricity from 2071-02-22 BS. The generation licence will expire in 2101-05-18 BS, after which the plant will be handed over to the government. The power station is connected to the national grid and the electricity is sold to Nepal Electricity Authority.