OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mark A. Lever

Mark Alexander Lever is a microbial ecologist and biogeochemist who studies the role of microorganisms in the global carbon cycle. He is a professor of biogeochemistry and geobiology at the Marine Science Institute of the University of Texas at Austin.

## Biography

Mark A. Lever earned his MA in Marine Biology at the Boston University Marine Program at Woods Hole in 2002 and his PhD in Marine Sciences at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 2008. He worked as a postdoctoral scientist at Aarhus University from 2009 to 2014, and was a faculty member at ETH Zurich from 2014 to 2022, before joining the University of Texas at Austin. Lever was a member of the Deep Life Scientific Steering Committee and Synthesis Group 2019 for the Deep Carbon Observatory, and vice-chair of the European Cooperation of Science and Technology network "COST", and is an associate editor for Frontiers in Microbiology.
In his research, Mark A. Lever investigates the factors that determine the production, fate, and storage of organic carbon in aquatic sediments and in the Earth's crust. In 2013 he discovered that microbes survive deep in the oceanic crust by living off of chemical energy released by water-rock reactions. In addition, his research group is investigating the impact of macrofaunal bioturbation on microbial community structure and the sedimentary carbon cycle, the ecological and physiological strategies of microbial life inhabiting long-term energy-limited environments, and the potential for sediments to serve as genetic archives of past environmental change.
# Trichura frigida

Trichura frigida is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Hermann Burmeister in 1878. It is found in Argentina.
# Callianax alectona

Callianax alectona is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olividae, the olives.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off California.
# Suhas Patankar

Suhas V. Patankar (born 22 February 1941) is an Indian mechanical engineer. He is a pioneer in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Finite volume method. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota. He is also president of Innovative Research, Inc. Patankar was born in Pune, Maharashtra, India.

## Early life and education

Patankar received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering in 1962 from the College of Engineering, Pune, which is affiliated to the University of Pune and his Master of Technology degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay in 1964. In 1967 he received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Imperial College, University of London.

## Career

Patankar's most important contribution to the field of CFD is the SIMPLE algorithm that he developed along with his colleagues at Imperial College. Patankar is the author of a book in computational fluid dynamics titled Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow which was first published in 1980. This book has since been considered one of the groundbreaking contributions to computational fluid dynamics due to its emphasis on physical understanding and insight into the fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena. He is also one of the most cited authors in science and engineering.
# Swimming at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle S6

The men's 400 metre freestyle S6 event at the 2020 Paralympic Games took place on 2 September 2021, at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre.

## Heats

The swimmers with the top eight times, regardless of heat, advanced to the final.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | Talisson Glock | Brazil | 5:06.28 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 3 | Viacheslav Lenskii | RPC | 5:11.07 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 4 | Antonio Fantin | Italy | 5:12.08 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 5 | Juan Gutierrez Bermudez | Mexico | 5:14.10 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 5 | Andrei Granichka | RPC | 5:15.38 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 3 | Raul Gutierrez Bermudez | Mexico | 5:26.10 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 6 | Lorenzo Perez Escalona | Cuba | 5:26.57 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 6 | Daniel Videira | Portugal | 5:26.88 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 7 | Zach Shattuck | United States | 5:29.95 | |
| 10 | 2 | 2 | Nelson Crispín | Colombia | 5:36.25 | |
| 11 | 1 | 2 | Leo McCrea | Switzerland | 5:40.08 | |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | Patrick Flanagan | Ireland | 5:40.48 | |
| 13 | 1 | 7 | Gary Bejino | Philippines | 5:52.28 | |

## Final

400m freestyle final :
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
# Technoflug Piccolo

The Technoflug Piccolo is a German high-wing, T-tailed, single-seat motor glider that was designed and produced by Technoflug of Schramberg. It first flew in 1980.

## Design and development

The Piccolo motorglider was the company's premier product, followed up by the Technoflug Carat, a touring motorglider.
The Piccolo is built from composites. The pusher configuration engine is mounted behind the cockpit and above the tail boom. The propeller is a three-bladed design which folds by aerodynamic drag for soaring flight, extending by centrifugal effect on engine start. The landing gear is of tricycle configuration and features optional wheel pants to reduce drag. The 13.3 m (43.6 ft) span wing is strut-braced and gives the aircraft a 23:1 glide ratio at 70 km/h (43 mph). The wings fold for storage and ground transport.
When the Piccolo was available in 2003 the price was US$29,266 for a complete aircraft. The company no longer produces whole aircraft and now provides contracted parts manufacture, computer-aided design and engineering services to other companies.

## Specifications (Piccolo)

Data from World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2003-04
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Wingspan: 13.3 m (43 ft 8 in)
* Wing area: 10.6 m$^2$ (114 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 180 kg (397 lb)
Performance
* Never exceed speed: 150 km/h (93 mph, 81 kn)
* Maximum glide ratio: 23:1 at 70 km/h (43 mph)
* Rate of sink: 0.9 m/s (180 ft/min)
# Brookfield, New Jersey

Brookfield is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within White Township, in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 675.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Brookfield had a total area of 0.212 square miles (0.548 km$^2$), including 0.211 square miles (0.546 km$^2$) of land and 0.001 square miles (0.002 km$^2$) of water (0.35%).

## Demographics
### 2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 675 people, 448 households, and 212 families in the CDP. The population density was 3,202.6 per square mile (1,236.5/km$^2$). There were 502 housing units at an average density of 2,381.8 per square mile (919.6/km$^2$). The racial makeup was 98.07% (662) White, 0.74% (5) Black or African American, 0.00% (0) Native American, 0.30% (2) Asian, 0.15% (1) Pacific Islander, 0.44% (3) from other races, and 0.30% (2) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.19% (8) of the population.
Of the 448 households, 0.0% had children under the age of 18; 45.3% were married couples living together; 1.3% had a female householder with no husband present and 52.7% were non-families. Of all households, 51.1% were made up of individuals and 49.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.51 and the average family size was 2.04.
0.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 0.1% from 18 to 24, 0.7% from 25 to 44, 7.0% from 45 to 64, and 92.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 75.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 60.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 60.7 males.
# British Bridge League

The British Bridge League (BBL) was founded in 1931 by A. E. Manning Foster. It formerly selected bridge teams to represent Great Britain in European and World competitions and organised the Camrose Trophy, the Gold Cup, the Portland Cup and the Lady Milne Trophy.
In June 1999, the European Bridge League agreed that England, Scotland and Wales could compete as individual nations from 1 January 2000, rather than (as formerly) under the banner of Great Britain. (Other than in the Camrose Trophy, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland compete as one nation, Ireland, under the auspices of the Irish Bridge Union.)
With its responsibility for selecting a national team obsolete, the BBL was dissolved at the end of 1999 and was superseded in its organisational functions by Bridge Great Britain.
# Volume overload

Volume overload refers to the state of one of the chambers of the heart in which too large a volume of blood exists within it for it to function efficiently. Ventricular volume overload is approximately equivalent to an excessively high preload. It is a cause of cardiac failure.

## Pathophysiology

In accordance with the Frank–Starling law of the heart, the myocardium contracts more powerfully as the end-diastolic volume increases. Stretching of the myofibrils in cardiac muscle causes them to contract more powerfully due to a greater number of cross-bridges being formed between the myofibrils within cardiac myocytes. This is true up to a point, however beyond this there is a loss of contractile ability due to loss of connection between myofibrils; see figure.
Various pathologies, listed below, can lead to volume overload. Different mechanisms are involved depending on the cause, however the common theme is that of a high cardiac output with a low or normal afterload. The output may be high due to the inefficiency in valve disease, or it may be high due to shunting of blood in left-to-right shunts and arteriovenous malformations.
Left ventricular volume overload may produce inverted u waves on the electrocardiogram.

## Causes

Causes may be considered according to which chamber is affected.
Left ventricular volume overload
* Valvular heart disease
** Aortic regurgitation
** Mitral regurgitation, also causing left atrial volume overload
* Congenital heart defects
** Patent ductus arteriosus
** Ventricular septal defect, also causing left atrial volume overload
* Arteriovenous malformation and fistula
** Giant hepatic haemangioma
** High-output haemodialysis fistula
Right ventricular volume overload
* Valvular heart disease
** Tricuspid regurgitation
** Pulmonary regurgitation
* Congenital heart defects
** Atrial septal defect, also causing right atrial volume overload
# David Bala

David Bala was a Singaporean security guard, former comedian and actor. He was best known for his roles in Tetangga, Just Follow Law, Ah Long Pte Ltd, "Filial Party" and The Ghosts Must Be Crazy.

## Career

Bala was first introduced to acting by a friend and started his career as a stage actor in 1976 and made his broadcast debut in 1979 on Radio Television Singapore's "Kaatchiyum Kaanamum", a radio drama production. In 1980, he made his television debut where he was cast as the lead actor in a comedy drama series, "Ippadiyum Oru Kudumbam".
Due to the success of the series, Bala was known by many as "Comedy King" and in 2007, he was cast as one of the actors in Jack Neo's film, Just Follow Law. In the same year David was also given a lead role on Mediacorp Suria's Tetangga and in 2008, he was cast in Ah Long Pte Ltd.
In 2011, Bala was cast in The Ghosts Must Be Crazy. This is arguably one of Bala's best-known roles, as a catchphrase of his character in the film became a meme.

## Personal life

Other than acting, Bala was working as a security officer at Republic Polytechnic since January 2014.

### Death

Bala died on August 29, 2014, due to heart disease and is survived by his wife and 4 children. His remains were placed in the niche at Mandai Columbarium & Crematorium.

## Filmography
### Movies

| Year | Title | Role |
| 2007 | Just Follow Law | Muthu |
| 2008 | Ah Long Pte Ltd | - |
| 2009 | Where Got Ghost? | 1WO Muthu |
| 2011 | The Ghosts Must Be Crazy | Muthu |
| 2013 | Everybody's Business | - |
| 2014 | Filial Party | Indian neighbour |

### TV series

| Year | Title | Role | Network |
| 1979 | Ippadiyum Oru Kudumbam | - | RTS Channel 8 (Tamil section) (now Mediacorp Vasantham) |
| 2007 | Tetangga | Govind | Mediacorp Suria |
| 2007 | World Of Laughs 搞笑至尊 | Muthu | Mediacorp Channel 8 |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Category | Result |
| 1980 | Singapore Indian Artistes’ Association | Kalaichemmal (Arts Medallion) Award | Won |
| 2009 | Pradhana Vizha Hall of Fame | Lifetime Achievement Award | Won |
# Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar

Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar (22 January 1935 – October 2015) was an Indian physician and social activist who was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in India posthumously in 2017. He had received the Nirmal Gram Award from late President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam in 2006. He dedicated his life to make Dehu village open defecation free beginning as early as in the 1960s. He is known for his work in the field of rural sanitation in Maharashtra.
# Swimming at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Men's 50 metre backstroke S3

The Men's 50 metre backstroke S3 event at the 2020 Paralympic Games took place on 29 August 2021, at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre.

## Heats

The swimmers with the top eight times, regardless of heat, advanced to the final.
| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Diego López Díaz | Mexico | 45.67 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 5 | Denys Ostapchenko | Ukraine | 46.18 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 5 | Zou Liankang | China | 47.86 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 3 | Vincenzo Boni | Italy | 48.04 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | 4 | Jesús Hernández Hernández | Mexico | 49.19 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 6 | Josia Tim Alexander Topf | Germany | 49.78 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 3 | Serhii Palamarchuk | Ukraine | 49.88 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | 6 | Miguel Ángel Martínez Tajuelo | Spain | 54.88 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | 2 | Aleksandr Beliaev | RPC | 55.52 | |
| 10 | 2 | 2 | Charkorn Kaewsri | Thailand | 57.81 | |
| 11 | 2 | 7 | Grant Patterson | Australia | 58.15 | OC |
| 12 | 1 | 7 | Emmanuele Marigliano | Italy | 1:03.64 | |

## Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 3 | Zou Liankang | China | 45.25 |
| | 5 | Denys Ostapchenko | Ukraine | 45.57 |
| | 4 | Diego López Díaz | Mexico | 45.66 |
| 4 | 2 | Jesús Hernández Hernández | Mexico | 45.75 |
| 5 | 6 | Vincenzo Boni | Italy | 47.88 |
| 6 | 1 | Serhii Palamarchuk | Ukraine | 49.65 |
| 7 | 7 | Josia Tim Alexander Topf | Germany | 49.99 |
| 8 | 8 | Miguel Ángel Martínez Tajuelo | Spain | 54.57 |
# International Fertilizer Association

The International Fertilizer Association (IFA) promotes the efficient and responsible production, distribution and use of plant nutrients to enable sustainable agricultural systems. IFA a membership consists of more than 400 entities from producers through traders and distributors, as well as service providers, research organizations, tech startups and non-governmental organizations.
IFA was founded in 1927 in London as the International Superphosphate Manufacturers Association.

## International consultation

IFA has consultative status with various agencies of the United Nations (UN), including:
* Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
* International Maritime Organization (IMO)
* United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
* United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
* United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
The Association also cooperates actively with:
* Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
* Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
* United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
* World Bank Group
* World Trade Organization (WTO).

## Board

Alzebeta Klein is the CEO and director general of the International Fertilizer Association.
# Bythopsyrna circulata

Bythopsyrna circulata is a species of Asian planthoppers belonging to the family Flatidae.

## Description

Bythopsyrna circulata can reach a length of 20–24 millimetres (0.79–0.94 in). Head, pronotum and mesonotum show black spots. Wings have quite variable brown crescents, loops and bands. There is a usually intact longitudinal dark brown band along vein R of tegmen. Basal cell is brown or black. Marking patterns may be obscured by melanism and clear areas may show orange colour. The ovipositor is primitive and adapted for piercing.

## Biology and behavior

Bythopsyrna circulata has five larval stages and the winged adult hatches from the fifth.
This species, when stimulated by ants, produces large quantities of honeydew.

## Distribution

This species can be found in the subtropical and tropical forests of China, Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra and Java.
# David Hayden (RAF airman)

David James Hayden, MC (born c. 1979) is the first Royal Air Force non-commissioned officer to win the Military Cross.

## Early life

Hayden was born in Germany and attended the Gleed Boys' School in Spalding, where he grew up. His father (who died in June 2005, aged 49) was a tank driver in the Queen's Royal Hussars, becoming a warrant officer class 2.

## RAF service

Hayden joined the RAF Regiment in 1997 and after a number of tours including time with No. 2 RAF Force Protection Wing at RAF Leeming – with which he served in Afghanistan for the first time – he is currently a sergeant. He is a qualified instructor.
While serving in Iraq in 2007, as part of No. 4 RAF Force Protection Wing (of which 1 Squadron is a sub-unit), he showed outstanding courage while commanding a dismounted patrol in a fight against an insurgent force, repeatedly risking his own life to rescue a wounded comrade and extract his team. His Military Cross was gazetted on 7 March 2008.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Kate signs last page in memory of James", Spalding Today, 30 November 2005
* ↑ "Gunners honoured for outstanding courage". Thetford and Brandon Times. 7 March 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
* ↑ Ministry of Defence website Archived 13 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
* ↑ "No. 58633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 March 2008. pp. 3615–3619.
* This biographical article related to the Royal Air Force is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Brinktown, Missouri

Brinktown is an unincorporated community in Maries County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately eight miles southwest of Vienna on Route 133.
A variant name was Viessman. A post office called Viessmann was established in 1890, and the name was changed to Brinktown in 1903. According to tradition, one Mrs. Brink offered to contribute to the town's church in exchange for the renaming rights.
# Vtape

Vtape is a Canadian artist-run centre located in Toronto, Ontario. It is Canada's largest distributor of video art, and the world's largest distributor of Indigenous and First People's film and video. The organization is run as a not for profit and is known for video art distribution, media preservation, exhibition programming, and training programs.
Vtape's collection features more than 1500 artists and consists of conceptual art videos, video art installation, performance-based works, and social issue documentaries. In January 2024, there were almost 10,000 titles in distribution.
All artists distributed by Vtape maintain full ownership of their work, and the organization does not require exclusive distribution rights. This model is seen in other Canadian video art distribution organizations Video In Video Out and Videopool.

## History

Vtape was established in 1980 by artists Lisa Steele, Susan Britton, Rodney Werden, Clive Robertson, Colin Campbell and Kim Tomczak with the mission to improve the distribution and dissemination of video art and to compensate artists fairly for their work. It was incorporated as a not-for-profit in 1983. Vtape provided organizational assistance for independent art exhibitions throughout the 1980s and 1990s during conditions of intensive censorship of artists' film and video works by the Government of Ontario.

## Aboriginal collection

Vtape began a dedicated collection of video works by Indigenous artists in 1994, after being approached by Zachary Longboy. It is the only specialized collection within the organization, and the only collection at Vtape that will accept works on film and works by first-time artists. Longboy helped develop the collection as Vtape's Aboriginal outreach coordinator, and was succeeded by Cynthia Lickers-Sage. As outreach coordinator, Lickers-Sage broadened the collection's reach through the establishment of the imagineNative Film Festival in 1998. The foundation of the Aboriginal Digital Access Project in 2012 broadened access to this special collection by allowing curators from around the world to preview video and film works online, rather than at the archive in person.
# James Hoban Jr.

James Hoban Jr. (1808 – January 19, 1846) was an American lawyer who served as United States Attorney for the District of Columbia in the 1840s.

## Early life

James Hoban Jr. was born to James Hoban. His father was an Irish-American architect who designed the White House. Hoban was noted as looking very similar to his father.

## Career

As a lawyer, Hoban helped a Washington, D.C., slave Michael Shiner obtain his freedom in a 1836 freedom petition. At the time of his death, Hoban was serving as the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia.

## Personal life

Hoban married Marion Blackwell French (1813–1890) on November 22, 1831, in Washington, D.C. They had six children, Helen, Anna, Marion, James, Frederick and Lawrence.
Hoban died on January 19, 1846.
# Cockle Creek

Cockle Creek may refer to:
* Cockle Creek (Tasmania), in Australia
* Cockle Creek (Virginia), in the United States
* Cockle Creek railway station, in Boolaroo, New South Wales, Australia
* Battle of Cockle Creek, during the American Civil War
# JGSDF Camp Jinmachi

JGSDF Camp Jinmachi (神町駐屯地, Jinmachi-chūtonchi) is a military base of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, located in Higashine, Yamagata prefecture, Japan.

## History

In 1942, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service established a training facility known as the Jimmachi Naval Air Base. The facilities were taken over by the United States Army in 1945 after the surrender of Japan following World War II. The base was initially occupied by the 674th Airborne Artillery Battalion of the 11th Airborne Division and named Camp Younghans after 1st Lt Raymond M Younghans who was killed in action on 31 March 1945 on Luzon in the Philippines. The base was home to the 48th and 49th Field Artillery Battalions of the 7th Infantry Division along with a number of other American Army units until September 1950, when the bulk of American forces were redeployed to Korea for the Korean War.
From September 1954, all of the American artillery units formerly based in Hokkaido were relocated to Camp Younghans, including the 61st, 77th, 82nd and 99th Artillery Battalions of the 1st Cavalry Division.
The base was returned to the control of Japan in 1956. The same year, the JGDSF’s first mountaineering regiment was established at Ōtawara, Tochigi in the Nasu Mountains. This regiment was elevated to form the basis of the JGSDF 6th Division on 15 August 1962, with responsibility for the defense of Fukushima, Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures. The headquarters of the new division was JGSDF Camp Jinmachi.

## Organization

JGSDF North East Army (HQ Sendai)
* 6th Division HQ
** 20th Infantry Regiment $^{note1}$
** 6th Combat Engineering Battalion
** 6th Signals Battalion
** 6th Aviation Squadron, at Yamagata Airport, flying UH-1J and OH-6D helicopters
** 6th NBC Protection Battalion
** 6th Logistic Support Regiment
# Cortez, Pennsylvania

Cortez is an unincorporated community in Jefferson County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

A post office was established at Cortez in 1895, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1904.