OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stochastic diffusion search

Stochastic diffusion search (SDS) was first described in 1989 as a population-based, pattern-matching algorithm. It belongs to a family of swarm intelligence and naturally inspired search and optimisation algorithms which includes ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms; as such SDS was the first Swarm Intelligence metaheuristic. Unlike stigmergetic communication employed in ant colony optimization, which is based on modification of the physical properties of a simulated environment, SDS uses a form of direct (one-to-one) communication between the agents similar to the tandem calling mechanism employed by one species of ants, Leptothorax acervorum.
In SDS agents perform cheap, partial evaluations of a hypothesis (a candidate solution to the search problem). They then share information about hypotheses (diffusion of information) through direct one-to-one communication. As a result of the diffusion mechanism, high-quality solutions can be identified from clusters of agents with the same hypothesis. The operation of SDS is most easily understood by means of a simple analogy – The Restaurant Game.

## The restaurant game

A group of delegates attends a long conference in an unfamiliar town. Every night each delegate must find somewhere to dine. There is a large choice of restaurants, each of which offers a large variety of meals. The problem the group faces is to find the best restaurant, that is the restaurant where the maximum number of delegates would enjoy dining. Even a parallel exhaustive search through the restaurant and meal combinations would take too long to accomplish. To solve the problem delegates decide to employ a stochastic diffusion search.
Each delegate acts as an agent maintaining a hypothesis identifying the best restaurant in town. Each night each delegate tests his hypothesis by dining there and randomly selecting one of the meals on offer. The next morning at breakfast every delegate who did not enjoy his meal the previous night, asks one randomly selected colleague to share his dinner impressions. If the experience was good, he also adopts this restaurant as his choice. Otherwise he simply selects another restaurant at random from those listed in `Yellow Pages'. Using this strategy it is found that very rapidly significant number of delegates congregate around the 'best' restaurant in town.

## Applications

SDS has been applied to diverse problems such as text search [Bishop, 1989], object recognition [Bishop, 1992], feature tracking [Grech-Cini, 1993], mobile robot self-localisation [Beattie, 1998] and site selection for wireless networks [Whitaker, 2002].

## Analysis

Unlike many Nature Inspired Search techniques there is a comprehensive mathematical framework describing the behaviour of SDS. Analysis of SDS has investigated its global optimality and convergence [Nasuto, 1998], linear time complexity [Nasuto et al., 1999], robustness [Myatt, 2004], and resource allocation [Nasuto, 1999] under a variety of search conditions.
# South Side Soul

South Side Soul is the debut album by jazz pianist John Wright which was recorded in 1960 and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Scott Yanow, reviewing this record for AllMusic, states: "John Wright, who is now quite obscure, recorded five albums during 1960-62 that emphasized the soulful side of hard bop. [...] Wright performs seven of his originals, all of which have something to do with Chicago. [...] Wright plays soulfully while swinging."

## Track listing

* "South Side Soul" (Esmond Edwards) – 5:02
* "47th and Calumet" (John Wright) – 3:57
* "La Salle St After Hours" (Armond Jackson) – 5:21
* "63rd and Cottage Grove" (Wright) – 4:06
* "35th St Blues" (Wendell Roberts) – 7:00
* "Sin Corner" (Jackson) – 5:30
* "Amen Corner" (Roberts) – 5:30

## Personnel
### Performance

* John Wright - piano
* Wendell Roberts - bass
* Walter McCants - drums

### Production

* Esmond Edwards – supervision
* Rudy Van Gelder – engineer
# Taiwanese National Road Championships

The Taiwanese National Road Championships are held annually to decide the cycling champions in both the road race and time trial discipline, across various categories.

## Men
### Road race

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2009 | Feng Chun-kai | Chen Li-wei | Chiang Li-yao |
| 2010 | Feng Chun-kai | Chiang Li-yao | Peng Yuan-tang |
| 2011 | Feng Chun-kai | Lee Wei-cheng | Liu Wei-chieh |
| 2012 | Wu Po-hung | Liu Shu-ming | Hung Kun-hung |
| 2013 | Feng Chun-kai | Hung Kun-hung | Lee Wei-cheng |
| 2014 | Feng Chun-kai | Liu Shu-ming | Peng Yuan-tang |
| 2015 | Feng Chun-kai | Lu Shao-hsuan | Chen Chien-liang |
| 2016 | Lu Shao-hsuan | Huang Wen-chung | Wu Chi-hao |
| 2017 | Feng Chun-kai | Hsu Hsuan-ping | Chen Chien-liang |
| 2018 | Feng Chun-kai | Lu Shao-hsuan | Wu Chi-hao |
| 2019 | Lu Shao-hsuan | Chen Chien-liang | Lin Xiao-long |
| 2020 | Chen Chien-liang | Wu Chi-hao | Lu Shao-hsuan |
| 2021 | Feng Chun-kai | Wu Chi-hao | Hsiao Shih Hsin |

### Time trial

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| 2012 | Li Wei-cheng | Wu Po-hung | |
| 2013 | Feng Chun-kai | Lee Wei-cheng | Wu Po-hung |
| 2015 | Feng Chun-kai | Yang Wu-hsin | Chen Chien-liang |
| 2016 | Sergio Tu | Yang Wu-hsin | Hsu Hsuan-ping |
| 2017 | Feng Chun-kai | Chen Chien-liang | Jing Huei Wang |
| 2018 | Feng Chun-kai | Peng Yuan-tang | Wu Chi-hao |
| 2019 | Feng Chun-kai | Wu Chi-hao | Peng Yuan-tang |
| 2020 | Sergio Tu | Wu Chi-hao | Yu Tzu-liang |
| 2021 | Sergio Tu | Yu Tzu-liang | Wu Chi-hao |

## Women

| Year | Road Race | Time Trial |
| 2010 | Ho Hsiung Huang | |
| 2019 | Huang Ting-ying | Huang Ting-ying |
# Claiborne County

Claiborne County is the name of more than one county in the United States:
* Claiborne County, Mississippi
* Claiborne County, Tennessee
# Supralateral arc

A supralateral arc is a comparatively rare member of the halo family which in its complete form appears as a large, faintly rainbow-colored band in a wide arc above the sun and appearing to encircle it, at about twice the distance as the familiar 22° halo. In reality, however, the supralateral arc does not form a circle and never reaches below the sun. When present, the supralateral arc touches the (much more common) circumzenithal arc from below. As in all colored halos, the arc has its red side directed towards the sun, its blue part away from it.

## Formation

Supralateral arcs form when sun light enters horizontally oriented, rod-shaped hexagonal ice crystals through a hexagonal base and exits through one of the prism sides. Supralateral arcs occur about once a year.

## Confusion with the 46° halo

Due to its apparent circular shape and nearly identical location in the sky, the supralateral arc is often mistaken for the 46° halo, which does form a complete circle around the sun at approximately the same distance, but which is much rarer and fainter. Distinguishing between the two phenomena can be difficult, requiring the combination of several subtle indicators for proper identification.
In contrast to the static 46° halo, the shape of a supralateral arc varies with the elevation of the sun. Before the sun reaches 15°, the bases of the arc touch the lateral (oriented sidewise) sides of the 46° halo. As the sun rises from 15° to 27°, the supralateral arc almost overlaps the upper half of the 46° halo, which is why many reported observations of the latter most likely are observations of the former. As the sun goes from 27° to 32°, the apex of the arc touches the circumzenithal arc centered on zenith (as does the 46° halo when the sun is located between 15° and 27°). In addition, the supralateral arc is always located above the parhelic circle (the arc located below it is the infralateral arc), and is never perfectly circular.
Arguably the best way of distinguishing the halo from the arc is to carefully study the difference in colour and brightness. The 46° halo is six times fainter than the 22° halo and generally white with a possible red inner edge. The supralateral arc, in contrast, can even be confused with the rainbow with clear blue and green strokes.

## Gallery

* Solar Halo, Upper Tangent Arc, Supralateral Arc : 20 June 2009 : Khonkaen, Thailand
* 22° Halo, Upper Tangent Arc, Parry Arc, Supralateral Arc : May 2024 : Skagit Valley, Washington
# Diptilon aterea

Diptilon aterea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by William Schaus in 1901. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.
The wingspan is about 26 mm. The forewings are hyaline (glass like) with black veins and margins and some orange at the base. The hindwings are orange yellow with a black terminal band.
# Cliometrica

Cliometrica is an academic journal about economic history. It follows the quantitative or formal approaches that have been called cliometrics or the new economic history, applied to any place and time. These formal approaches apply mathematical economic theory, model building, and statistical estimation.
The journal's first issues came out in 2007. It is published by Springer. Since its founding its publication director and managing editor has been Claude Diebolt.
Articles from the earliest issues can be downloaded through econpapers.repec.org. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 2.167.
# Stuart Perry

Charles Stuart Perry (11 March 1908 – 12 October 1982) was a New Zealand librarian. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia in 1908.
# Tiffany Jackson

Tiffany Jackson may refer to:
* Tiffany Jackson (basketball) (1985–2022), American basketball player and coach
* Tiffany Jackson (soprano), American jazz and operatic soprano
* Tiffany D. Jackson, American writer
# Müritzsee

Müritzsee is a lake in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 62.1 m, its surface area is 112.63 km².
# Tilly Koenen

Tilly Koenen (25 December 1873 – 4 January 1941), born Mathilde Karoline Koenen, was a Dutch concert singer.

## Early life

Koenen was born to Dutch parents in Salatiga, Java. She studied voice and piano at the Conservatorium in Amsterdam, with Cornélie van Zanten.

## Career

Koenen made her concert debut in Berlin. She worked with Constant van de Wall, performing his Maleische liederen (Malay songs). In 1908 in she sang a concert of compositions by American composer Louis von Heinrich (Luella Totten) in London, and a concert of songs by Max Meyer-Olbersleben in Berlin. She sang at the premiere of Gustav Mahler's 8th Symphony in Munich in 1910, and in one opera, Gluck's Orfeo ed Eurydice, conducted by van Zanten.
Koenen toured in the United States and Canada in 1909 and 1910, and again in 1917. She appeared at Aeolian Hall in 1917, prompting a New York Times reviewer to comment "Her voice is of the true contralto type, and as such is dark in color, rather ponderous, not easily yielding itself to the production of variety of effect of the expression of diverse emotions." She sang with the Philadelphia Orchestra with Leopold Stokowski conducting. She toured in the United States again in 1920.

## Personal life

Koenen died in The Hague in 1941, aged 67 years.
# Tilgarsley

Tilgarsley was a village in Oxfordshire. It was recorded as existing in 1279 and was abandoned before 1350 as a result of the Black Death. It is thought to be sited on what is now Bowles Farm, north west of Eynsham.
# Xorides ater

Xorides ater is a parasitoid wasp from ichneumonid family that parasitizes long-horned beetles of these species and subspecies: Tetropium castaneum, Arhopalus rusticus rusticus. Three instances of a female mating with two males simultaneously have been observed, in which "the union seemed to be satisfying all three participants". The males observed did not appear to be competing for the female.
# Xoria

Xoria is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by Ian W. B. Nye in 1975. Its only species, Xoria filifera, was first described by Francis Walker in 1869. It is found in the Congo Basin.
# N-class Sydney tram

The N-class trams were a crossbench design of tram with a two-bogie design, each pair of benches had doors at each side.
They were attached to Dowling Street, Newtown, Rozelle, Tempe, Ultimo, Enfield and Rockdale depots. Nine were transferred to Newcastle as steam trailers in 1915, all later returned and had their electrical equipment reinstated. The last was withdrawn in 1949.

## Preservation

Three have been preserved:
* 710, 718, 728 at the Sydney Tramway Museum
# Streaked flycatcher

The streaked flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus) is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family.

## Description

The streaked flycatcher is 22 cm (8.7 in) long, weighs 43 g (1.5 oz) and has a strong black bill. The head is brown with a concealed yellow crown patch, white supercilium and dusky eye mask. The upperparts are brown with darker brown streaks on the back, rufous and white edges on the wings, and wide chestnut edges on the rump and tail. The underparts are yellowish-white streaked with brown.
Sexes are similar, but immature birds are brown where the adult is black. M. m. solitarius has black rather than brown streaking above and below. The streaked flycatcher is a conspicuous bird, with a noisy sqEEE-zip call.
It is very similar in appearance to the less widespread sulphur-bellied flycatcher. The streaked flycatcher has a heavier bill, lighter yellow belly, pink basal half of the lower mandible and creamy (not white) superciliary.

## Distribution and habitat

This species breeds from eastern Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago south to Bolivia and Argentina. The southern subspecies M. m. solitarius migrates to Venezuela and the Guianas from March to September during the austral winter. It is found at the edges of forests and cocoa plantations. Common across its wide range, this species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

## Behaviour
### Feeding

Streaked flycatchers eat a range of food items, mostly large insects (such as cicadas, locusts and beetles), but also lizards and berries. It perches on a high watchpoint from which it sallies forth to catch insects in mid-flight or off plants using a range of aerobatic maneuvers, and occasionally gleans prey from the vegetation. The wintering southern migrants seem to include a considerable amount of fruit in their diet, for example those of Tamanqueiro (Alchornea glandulosa) which they sometimes eat in quantity; fruit are typically ripped off in mid-hover. It occasionally follows mixed-species feeding flocks, pouncing from up in the trees on prey flushed by birds in the undergrowth.

### Breeding

The nest is an open cup of twigs and grasses placed in a tree hollow or sometimes a bromeliad. The female builds the nest and incubates the typical clutch of two or three creamy-white eggs, which are marked with red-brown spots, for 16–17 days to hatching. Both sexes feed the chicks, which fledge in a further 18–21 days.
# String Quartet No. 2 (Piston)

String Quartet No. 2 by Walter Piston is a chamber-music work composed in 1935.

## History

Piston's second string quartet was composed two years after his First Quartet and, like it, was premiered by the Chardon Quartet, on March 16, 1935. It was written, together with the Piano Trio, while Piston was on a Guggenheim Fellowship.

## Analysis

The quartet is in three movements:
* Lento ($^9$ $_8$) – Allegro ($^6$ $_8$)
* Adagio molto e con espressione ($^{12}$ $_8$)
* Allegro giusto ($^2$ $_4$)
The restlessly chromatic Lento introduction to the first movement is built on a three-note motive, A–C–D♭, that is found also in a number of the composer's other works. The boisterous main allegro portion of the movement is in A minor and sonata-allegro form. The slow movement is based on the motive from the Lento introduction of the first, and is in a chromatically inflected C major. The finale is in changing meters, with a dissonant-contrapuntal first theme, and a pandiatonic second one that wavers between G major and E♭ major. These tonalities contrast sharply with the equally wavering A minor and C major tonalities of the movement as a whole, which remain undecided until an A minor cadence at the end of the coda, followed immediately by a surprising Picardy third A-major triad.

## Discography

* 1950. Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 2; Ernest Bloch: String Quartet No. 2. University of Oregon String Quartet. Recorded in concert, November 6, 1950. 2-LP set. Portland, Oregon: Electronic Sound & Recording Co.
* 1979. Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 2; Roger Sessions: String Quartet No. 1, E minor. Budapest String Quartet. Recorded Anthology of American Music. New World Records NW 302. New York: New World Records.
* 1985. Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 1; String Quartet No. 2. Portland String Quartet. LP recording. Northeastern Records NR 216. Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern Records. Reissued as part of Walter Piston: String Quartet No. 1; String Quartet No. 2; String Quartet No. 3. The Portland String Quartet (Stephen Kecskemethy and Ronald Lanz, violins; Julia Adams, viola; Paul Ross, cello). CD recording. Northeastern NR 9001 CD. Boston: Northeastern University, 1988.
# String Quartet No. 2 (Prokofiev)

Sergei Prokofiev's String Quartet No. 2 in F Major, Op. 92 (1941) was first performed by the Beethoven Quartet in Moscow on 7 April 1942. A later concert in Moscow, on 5 September 1942, was delayed by a Nazi air raid and started late. Prokofiev thought it "an extremely turbulent success." The string quartet, lasting for 20–25 minutes, is in three movements.

## Background

Prokofiev, along with other Soviet artists, was evacuated from the major cities when the Nazis broke their non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. On August 8, 1941, Prokofiev traveled to Nalchik with other artists, among them his friend, musician Nikolai Myaskovsky, actors, such as Anton Chekhov's widow, and others. Prokofiev stayed in the town of Nalchik, the provincial capital of the Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous SSR, in the North Caucasus, about 900 miles south of Moscow (bordered by the European Russia, Turkey, and the Black and Caspian Seas). During this stay, Prokofiev was told by a government official to write a quartet using Kabardino-Balkar folk themes and wrote this string quartet, with themes based on folk tunes, rhythms and textures.
This quartet, along with the first, has entered the repertory of many string quartets.

## Movements

* Allegro sostenuto
* Adagio
* Allegro

## Analysis

Prokofiev utilized Kabardino-Balkar folk themes in his string quartet, while at the same retaining his unique style of harmonization. The folk music character is made evident by the string quartet's imitation of oriental plucked and percussion instruments, combined with resourceful use of sonic effects. The background accompaniment in the second movement attempts to imitate the playing of the kamancheh, a stringed instrument played by Caucasians.
Nikolai Myaskovsky, Prokofiev's close friend, wrote two works on Kabardino-Balkar themes, his 23rd symphony and 7th string quartet. The symphony shares a theme with the finale of Prokofiev's quartet.
# String Quartet No. 2 (Rouse)

The String Quartet No. 2 is the second string quartet by the American composer Christopher Rouse. The work was commissioned by the Cleveland Quartet with additional contributions from the Eastman School of Music and was completed May 6, 1988. It was given its world premiere at the Aspen Music Festival by the Cleveland Quartet in July 1988. Rouse dedicated the composition to the people of the Soviet Union.

## Composition
### Structure

The work has a duration of roughly 17 minutes and is composed in three connected movements:
* Adagio
* Agitato
* Largo

### Background

Rouse described the inspiration for the String Quartet No. 2 in the score program notes, writing:
   When I travelled with the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra to Moscow and Leningrad in May 1987 for performances of my music, I was struck by the warmth and generosity of spirit of the concertgoers we encountered, and I resolved that I would try in some small way to express my appreciation to and my admiration for them at a future time. It was agreed that, as my Second Quartet was to be performed widely in the Soviet Union by the Cleveland Quartet during autumn of 1988, this would be an appropriate opportunity for me to compose a work which would realize this desire.
The music is based upon the signature DSCH motif (D, E-flat, C, B) used by the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich, which appears in its original form and a number of variations. Rouse compared the "tragic" tone of the work to that of his Symphony No. 1, but nevertheless stipulated that the string quartet "is not programmatic in any specific sense and does not seek to convey any particular 'message.'" He added, "This is the result of a personal desire to communicate ultimately with listeners of all nationalities and should not be interpreted as a socioplitical commentary in any way." Rouse later reworked the composition into his Concerto per Corde for string orchestra in 1990.

## Reception

Reviewing the January 1989 New York City premiere, Charles McCardell of The Washington Post praised the string quartet, saying it "has a sort of Cold War grimness that spreads from a simple two-note motto initiated by the cello, then erupts in a full-blown ensemble clash, before finding a soothing B major resolution. Rouse's piece is impressive, and with any justice will be heard again soon and often."
# Krishna-Rukku

Krishna-Rukku is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language romance film written and directed by Anil Kumar and produced by Uday K. Mehta. It stars Ajay Rao and Amulya in the lead roles. The film's music is composed by Sridhar V. Sambhram and cinematography is by Jagadish Wali.
The official launch of the film commenced in August 2015 in Bangalore. The film is a remake of 2013 Telugu movie Uyyala Jampala.

## Plot

Krishna and Rukku are childhood friends who have grown up fighting over minute things. However, they realize they love each other just when they are about to part ways.

## Cast

* Ajay Rao as Krishna
* Amulya as Rukku
* Girija Lokesh
* Shobhraj
* Lakshmi Siddaiah
* Swapna Raj
* Lekha Chandra
* Sidhaartha Maadhyamika

### Development

"Krishna-Rukku", the film went on floors with producer Uday K. Mehta roping in actor Ajay Rao for the lead role. After a brief speculation of whether roping Amulya or Radhika for the female lead role, the producer opted for Amulya making a fresh lead pair. A brief photo shoot involving the lead pair and other supporting character artistes was held in Bangalore. Director Anil Kumar of Dilwala fame was chosen to direct the film. Major portions of the shoot got completed in the span of 50 days with song being filmed in Bangkok.

## Soundtrack

Sridhar V. Sambhram has composed the score and original soundtrack for the film. A song by the name "Lipstick Olagina" is recorded in the voice of actor Puneeth Rajkumar which is written by Ananda Priya.