OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 2015 in Swedish television

This is a list of Swedish television related events from 2015.

## Events

* 24 April - Olympic gold medal alpine skier Ingemar Stenmark and his partner Cecilia Ehrling win the tenth season of Let's Dance.
* 23 May - Sweden wins the 60th Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna, Austria. The winning song is "Heroes", performed by Måns Zelmerlöw.
* 29 May - Footballer Anton Hysén and his partner Sigrid Bernson, who won the seventh season of Let's Dance beat actor Morgan Alling and his partner Helena Fransson who finished third in the fourth season to win Let's Dance 10 år.
* 4 December - Martin Almgren wins the eleventh season of Idol.
* 20 December - Christian Sahlström wins the seventh season of Big Brother.

## Debuts
### SVT

| Date | Debut | Channel |
| 16 February | Jordskott | SVT1 |
| 11 September | Familjen Rysberg | SVT Barnkanalen |
| 28 September | Ängelby | SVT1 |
| 6 December | Min bror Kollokungen | SVT Barnkanalen |

### TV4

| Date | Debut | Channel |
| 13 March | Ack Värmland | TV4 |
| 23 September | Modus | TV4 |

## Television shows
### 2000s

* Idol (2004-2011, 2013–present)
* The Scandinavian version of Big Brother (2005-2006, 2014–present)
* Let's Dance (2006–present)
* Talang Sverige (2007-2011, 2014–present)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |
| Investigation Discovery | Cable television | 1 June | | |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| [] | | Cable and satellite | | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date |
| Showtime Scandinavia | Cable television | 15 July |
| Silver | Cable television | 15 July |
| Star! Scandinavia | Cable television | 15 July |
# Homegroup

Homegroup may refer to:
* Cell group, a church organization
* Windows HomeGroup, a home networking system that was introduced in Windows 7 and removed from Windows 10, version 1803
# Horonu

Horonu (also, Orony) is a village and municipality in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 519.
# Demirkaş, Bayburt

Demirkaş is a village in the Bayburt District, Bayburt Province, Turkey. Its population is 181 (2021).
# Cinematography Mailing List

The Cinematography Mailing List is a website and collection of mailing lists founded by Geoff Boyle in November 1996. The CML is run on a volunteer basis by professional cinematographers "to promote the free exchange of ideas among fellow professionals, the cinematographer, their camera crew, manufacturers, rental houses and related businesses."
The Cinematography Mailing List maintains 12 separate mailing lists covering a variety of cinematography related topics, including lists for general cinematography, UHD & HDR cinematography, lighting, post-production, documentary work, etc. Membership for the lists is free for cinematographers and related industry professionals. A separate mailing list is available for film students (CML-mentor).
The CML website holds an archive of all past discussions which is available only to registered members. A book version of the archive titled 'CML - The First Five Years' which includes all the discussions on the CML from 1997 to 2001, was released in 2005 and is used as a cinematography reference much like 'the ASC Manual' or David Samuelson's 'Hands-On Manual for Cinematographers'. This was followed with collections on Lighting, RED and UHD.
The CML has over 12,600 members worldwide, including members of the American Society of Cinematographers, the British Society of Cinematographers, the Canadian Society of Cinematographers, etc. as well as representatives from most major equipment manufacturers. The volunteer cinematographers who oversee the mailing lists are called "listmums" instead of moderators.
CML now has a subsidiary list cmltests.net that specializes in the testing of cameras and lenses in an open and easily repeatable way.
The RAW files from these tests are available for download so everyone is able to make their own assessments
The discussion section of CML was moved to https://cml.news in 2017 in order to utilize new technologies more effectively
In 2000, Geoff Boyle was presented an award by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers for "his contributions to communication and education among cinematographers, through the Cinematography Mailing List (CML), which he founded."
In 2006, Geoff Boyle was awarded the British Society of Cinematographers Bert Easy Technical Award for his work with CML.
Geoff Boyle died on October 5, 2021, from cancer.
BKSTS (British Kinematograph, Sound & Television Society) appointed Fellow
ACS (Australian Cinematographers Society) honorary member
NSC (Netherlands Society of Cinematographers) full member
# Ignore This

Ignore This is the third studio album from Swedish singer Salem Al Fakir, released in 2010.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Salem Al Fakir
# Torsion

Torsion may refer to:

## Science

* Torsion (mechanics), the twisting of an object due to an applied torque
* Torsion of spacetime, the field used in Einstein–Cartan theory and
** Alternatives to general relativity
* Torsion angle, in chemistry

### Biology and medicine

* Torsion fracture or spiral fracture, a bone fracture when torque is applied
* Organ torsion, twisting that interrupts the blood supply to that organ:
** Splenic torsion, causing splenic infarction
** Ovarian torsion
** Testicular torsion
* Penile torsion, a congenital condition
* Torsion of the digestive tract in some domestic animals:
** Torsion, a type of horse colic
** Gastric torsion, or gastric dilatation volvulus
* Torsion (gastropod), a developmental feature of all gastropods

## Mathematics

* Torsion of a curve
* Torsion tensor, in differential geometry
* Torsion (algebra), in ring theory
* Torsion group, in group theory and arithmetic geometry
* Tor functor, the derived functors of the tensor product of modules over a ring
* Torsion-free module, in algebra
** See also Torsion-free (disambiguation)
* Analytic torsion (Reidemeister torsion, R-torsion, Franz torsion, de Rham torsion, Ray-Singer torsion), a topological invariant of manifolds
* Whitehead torsion, in geometric topology

## Other uses

* Torsion field (pseudoscience), a field alleged to make faster-than-light communication and paranormal phenomena possible
# James Conley (trade unionist)

James Conley (29 May 1850 – c.1922) was a British trade unionist.
Born in Tow Law in County Durham, Conley became an apprentice boilermaker when he was seventeen. He completed this successfully in 1872, when he moved to South Shields to find work, and joined the United Society of Boilermakers. Immediately active in his branch, he was elected secretary within six months, and was then chosen as the union's first district auditor.
In 1881, Conley stood to become assistant general secretary of the Boilermakers, but was not elected. However, he was elected to the union's executive council, and served as a branch secretary, moving to Partick in Scotland in 1887. While there, he greatly increased union membership and was presented with gold valued at £100 in thanks by the union. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to be elected as general secretary of the Boilermakers, but was elected to Partick Town Council.
Conley stood for the Labour Representation Committee in Liverpool Kirkdale at the 1906 general election, but narrowly missed out on election, taking 45.7% of the vote.
Conley retired in 1916, and died aged 72.
# Cwmneol Halt railway station

Cwmneol Halt railway station co-served the village of Cwmaman, in the historical county of Glamorganshire, Wales, from 1906 to 1932 on the Vale of Neath Railway.

## History

The station was opened to the public on 1 January 1906, although it opened to miners in 1903. It closed on 22 November 1917, although miners continued to use it. It reopened on 7 July 1919 before closing to the public on 22 September 1924. It closed to miners in 1932.
# Call and Response: The Remix Album

Call and Response: The Remix Album is a remix album by Maroon 5, released on December 9, 2008. It features remixes of songs from the group's first two studio albums, Songs About Jane and It Won't Be Soon Before Long, by various artists and producers.
The remix of the song "Not Falling Apart" by Tiësto peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Billboard | (positive) |
| Entertainment Weekly | B+ |
| Okayplayer | (91/100) |
| Rolling Stone | |
Giving the album a B+, Entertainment Weekly said that "The L.A. quintet makes it work on Call and Response: The Remix Album, letting those unusual suspects--along with hitmakers like Mark Ronson and Pharrell Williams--play with their master tapes."

## Charts

The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number 73.
| Chart (2008) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 73 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Ref. |
| United States | December 9, 2008 | A&M Octone | |
# Homefueler

Homefueler is a home hydrogen station. It uses single phase AC power and water for the pressurized alkaline electrolyzer to generate hydrogen, a diaphragm compressor handles a filling pressure of 5,000 psig (350 bar). Storage is 13 kg, daily production is 2 kg H$_2$. The hydrogen dispensing system is aimed at providing enough energy for 1 - 2 cars.
The system is tested by NFCRC University of California, Irvine and is based on the HyStat-A Energy Station.
# Terry's nails

Terry's nails is a physical condition in which a person's fingernails or toenails$^{:659}$ appear white with a characteristic "ground glass" appearance without any lunula. The condition is thought to be due to a decrease in vascularity and an increase in connective tissue within the nail bed; the darker shade of the distal portion of the nail fades upon pressure, which differentiates Terry's nails from Lindsay's nails. It frequently occurs in the setting of liver failure, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, hyperthyroidism, or malnutrition. Eighty percent of patients with severe liver disease have Terry's nails, but they are also found in people with kidney failure, in patients with congestive heart failure and are described as a brown arc near the ends of the nails. The recognition of characteristic nail patterns, such as Terry's nails, may be a helpful herald for early diagnosis of systemic diseases. This finding was named for Richard Terry.
# Method of normals

In calculus, the method of normals was a technique invented by Descartes for finding normal and tangent lines to curves. It represented one of the earliest methods for constructing tangents to curves. The method hinges on the observation that the radius of a circle is always normal to the circle itself. With this in mind Descartes would construct a circle that was tangent to a given curve. He could then use the radius at the point of intersection to find the slope of a normal line, and from this one can easily find the slope of a tangent line.
This was discovered about the same time as Fermat's method of adequality. While Fermat's method had more in common with the infinitesimal techniques that were to be used later, Descartes' method was more influential in the early history of calculus. (Katz 2008)
One reason Descartes' method fell from favor was the algebraic complexity it involved. On the other hand, this method can be used to rigorously define the derivative for a wide class of functions using neither infinitesimal nor limit techniques. It is also related to a completely general definition of differentiability given by Carathéodory (Range 2011).
# Torsion-free

In mathematics, torsion-free may refer to:

## Abstract algebra

* Torsion-free group, a group whose only element of finite order is the identity
* Torsion-free module, module over an integral domain where zero is the only torsion element
* Torsion-free abelian group, an abelian group which is a torsion-free group
* Torsion-free rank, the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset of an abelian group or of a module over an integral domain

## Differential geometry

* Torsion-free affine connection, an affine connection whose torsion tensor vanishes
* Torsion-free metric connection or Levi-Civita connection, a unique symmetric connection on the tangent bundle of a manifold compatible with the metric
# Dave King (footballer, born 1962)

David Martin King (born 18 September 1962) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the Football League for York City, in non-League football for Gresley Rovers, in New Zealand for Napier City Rovers, and was on the books of Derby County without making a league appearance.
# Cwmhiraeth

Cwmhiraeth is a hamlet in Carmarthenshire, Wales, contained in the Dre-fach Felindre district. While the name has no exact meaning in English, it can be roughly translated to "valley of longing". Cwmhiraeth used to be a source of activity for the textile industry, but has since declined.

## History

The name Cwmhiraeth is of Welsh origin, cwm translating to 'valley'. Hiraeth does not have a direct translation in English, but roughly translates to 'homesickness' or 'longing'. The hamlet takes its name from Hiraeth, a former common nearby. More recently, the village is known as the "Valley of the Birds".
It is considered likely that Cwmhiraeth was constructed when squatters started building houses illegally. Cwmhiraeth was settled as part of the wool industry, making flannel. Cwmhiraeth saw considerable expansion between 1880 and 1910 with the invention of the power loom. Woollen mills were built in Cwmhiraeth and surrounding hamlets and towns, including Pentrecwrt, Cwmpengraig, and Drefelin. Cwmhiraeth's mill used water power from the Nant Brân stream, which flows through its valley. Some mills could employ fifty to a hundred people. Cwmhiraeth grew to accommodate the new industry in the area, and while more central hamlets like Dre-fach Felindre created shops and churches, Cwmhiraeth mostly served, along with Cwmpengraig, as a secondary settlement to Dre-fach Felindre. Factories, chapels, and housing were constructed. The textile industry in and around Cwmhiraeth produced blankets, shawls, stockings, shirts, and bedcovers, which were sold both locally and internationally. After the textile industry's peak in 1920 and decline throughout the 20th century, Cwmhiraeth also saw its activity decrease, not seeing as much recent development as other hamlets have. The hamlet is developed linearly.
Cwmhiraeth sits on the floor of the surrounding valley. It contains many buildings, including 19th-century cottages and a three-storey mill no longer in use. Some houses and bungalows also appear, many with workshops attached to them, although they are decrepit from disuse. Around the hamlet sit many single dwellings, not connected to any villages. The National Wool Museum now records the history of the area.
Cwmhiraeth, along with Cwmpengraig, was known as the "Huddersfield of Wales".
# Call admission control

Call admission control (CAC) is a form of admission control that prevents or mitigates oversubscription of VoIP networks. CAC is used in the call set-up phase and applies to real-time media traffic as opposed to data traffic. CAC mechanisms complement and are distinct from the capabilities of quality of service tools to protect voice traffic from the negative effects of other voice traffic and to keep excess voice traffic off the network. Since it averts voice traffic congestion, it is a preventive Congestion Control Procedure. It ensures that there is enough bandwidth for authorized flows.
Integrated services with RSVP (which reserve resources for the flow of packets through the network) using controlled-load service ensures that a call cannot be set up if it cannot be supported. CAC rejects calls when either there is insufficient CPU processing power, the upstream and downstream traffic exceeds prespecified thresholds, or the number of calls being handled exceeds a specified limit.
CAC can be used to prevent congestion in connection-oriented protocols such as ATM. In that context, there are several schemes available. However, VoIP differs in that it uses RTP, UDP and IP, all of which are connectionless protocols.
# Sleep disorder specialist

A Sleep disorder specialist (SDS) is a Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT-SDS) that has successfully passed the certification examination NBRC-SDS. The respiratory therapist may also be a Certified Respiratory Therapist (CRT-SDS) under certain conditions. The sleep disorder specialist scores and performs polysomnography and also assists in diagnosing and preparing a treatment plan for the condition. Some of the conditions the sleep disorder specialist helps evaluate and treat are; insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy.
# Edward Harris (Rhode Island politician)

Edward Harris (1801–1872) was an American wool manufacturer, abolitionist, temperance supporter, and philanthropist. He founded the Woonsocket Harris Public Library, the second public library in Rhode Island, and the Harris Institute. The latter building is now used for the Woonsocket City Hall.

## Biography

Harris was born in Smithfield, Rhode Island in 1801. At a young age he moved with his parents to Dutchess County, New York, where he worked on the family farm and taught school.
In 1818 he moved to Ashtabula County, Ohio, but he returned to Rhode Island in 1823. There he started working with his paternal uncles William Harris and Samuel Harris in their manufacturing businesses at Valley Falls and then Albion, Rhode Island.
In 1831 Edward Harris started his own small mill in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. He eventually built several other successful larger mills there. Harris made large donations to many public causes in Woonsocket, including new roads for the city, land for Woonsocket High School, the site of Oak Hill Cemetery, and the Harris Institute. This library and auditorium was later used as the Woonsocket Harris Public Library. The former Harris Institute building is now adapted for use as Woonsocket City Hall.
Harris entered politics, being elected to both the Rhode Island State Senate and House of Representatives. He was a strong abolitionist and temperance supporter. In the 1840s he ran for governor as the Liberty Party candidate advocating for abolitionism.
In 1859 Harris wrote a letter and sent a check to John Brown after his conviction for killings at Harper's Ferry. Harris hosted Abraham Lincoln at his North End home when Lincoln spoke at the Harris Institute in 1860.
Harris married Rachel Farnham, and they had children together. After her death, the widower married again, to Abby Metcalf and they also had children. Harris died in Woonsocket in 1871. In addition to the Harris Institute (Woonsocket City Hall), several other buildings constructed by Harris survive, including Harris Warehouse (1855).
# Mashya and Mashyana

According to the Zoroastrian cosmogony, Mashya and Mashyana were the first man and woman whose procreation gave rise to the human race.

## Etymology

The names are from Avestan, nominally transliterated as mašyā and mašyānē, but like other Avestan words also, spellings (and hence transliterations) vary from manuscript to manuscript. Mašyā may thus also appear as maṣ̌iiā or maš́iiā or mašiiāi (and variants).
Originally and etymologically, Mašyā means "mortal being" as Old Persian martya, Persian mard and even Sanskrit martya also mean "mortal" and therefore "man". The root in Avesta and Sanskrit for death is mar, mr, "to die". The causative mâr means "to kill". Its derivatives merethyu/mrtyu means "death"; mareta and maretan means "mortal", and then "man, human being" mashya. For more on the etymology of the aša and arta variants of these terms, see Avestan phonology.

## Attestations

According to the creation myth as described in the Bundahishn, Ohrmuzd's sixth creation is the primeval beast Gayomart, who was neither male nor female. Ahriman, the Spirit of Evil that dwelt in the Absolute Darkness, sought to destroy all that Ohrmuzd had created, and sent the demoness Jeh to kill Gayomard. In this she was successful, but Mah, the moon, captured his seed before the animal died, from which all animal life then grew. From Gayomard's corpse grew a tree, the seeds of which were the origin of all plant life, and from the branches of which grew Mashya and Mashyana.
They promised to aid Ohrmuzd in his battle with Ahriman, and gave birth to fifteen sets of twins which scattered around the Earth and became the races of mankind.

## Theories

Indo-European connections to Ask and Embla have been proposed. In Norse mythology, Ask and Embla were the first man and woman, created from trees and given various gifts of life by three gods. According to Benjamin Thorpe "Grimm says the word embla, emla, signifies a busy woman, from amr, ambr, aml, ambl, assidous labour; the same relation as Meshia and Meshiane, the ancient Persian names of the first man and woman, who were also formed from trees."
# Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui

Muhammad Ibrahim Khushtar Razvi Siddiqui (8 March 1930 – 9 June 2002) was an Indian sufi saint and Islamic scholar belonging to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam. He was particularly influential in Mauritius, where he founded the Sunni Razvi Society.

## Early life

Siddiqui was born in 24 Pargana District, West Bengal.

## Education, career and Sufi permissions

Siddiqui memorized the Quran by the age of 13 and graduated in Fazil-e-Darsi Nizami in 1956. He undertook his first Hajj with his teacher and guide, Sardar Ahmad. He received successorship and teaching licences in 1957 from Shah Muhammad Ibrahim Raza Khan Jilani Mian in 1376 (1957) and was appointed as faculty at the Darul Uloom Rehmania and Jama Masjid Gukarkhan, as principal and Khateeb (lecturer).
He also received teaching licenses from Sufi master Ejaaz Wali Khan Razvi from Mustafa Raza Khan Qadiri Razvi Nuri, Ziauddeen Qadiri Razvi and from Sufi master Taqaddus Ali Khan (son-in-law of Hujjatul Islam).

## Service in Mauritius

In 1965, Siddiqui established the Sunni Razvi Society International in Mauritius, formed on the directions of Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri. The organisation spread to France, Holland, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka, Suriname and South Africa. During his 1970 visit to Durban, South Africa, he gave lectures on the importance and significance of loving the Islamic prophet Muhammad and debated with Tablighi Jamaat members.
Siddiqui has composed and sung in praise of Mauritius, especially when it gained independence and its status as a republic.
His friends included the Governor-general, Leonard Williams and Sir Raman Osman, former Prime Minister of Mauritius Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Anerood Jugnauth, A. Pasooraman (Minister Of Education, Arts and Culture).
He began organizing continuous weekly Thursday study circles at the Jummah Mosque. On 20 February 1983, Siddiqui laid the foundation stone on a large piece of land which had been donated by a disciple. The first weekly study circle occurred on 14 April 1983 under his patronage.

## Works

His works include:
* Path of Salvation
* Maqaam-e-Siddiq-e-Akbar Ba Kalaam-e-Ibrahim Khushtar- a biography of Abu Bakr.
* On the Holiest Earth of Islam - Guidance for Hajj and Umrah.
* Fragrance of Khushtar - Islamic poetry book
* Preparations for Death
* Mystical teachings