OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chowla–Selberg formula

In mathematics, the Chowla–Selberg formula is the evaluation of a certain product of values of the gamma function at rational values in terms of values of the Dedekind eta function at imaginary quadratic irrational numbers. The result was essentially found by Lerch (1897) and rediscovered by Chowla and Selberg (1949, 1967).

## Statement

In logarithmic form, the Chowla–Selberg formula states that in certain cases the sum
    ${\frac {w}{4}}\sum _{r}\chi (r)\log \Gamma \left({\frac {r}{D}}\right)={\frac {h}{2}}\log(4\pi {\sqrt {|D|}})+\sum _{\tau }\log \left({\sqrt {\Im (\tau )}}|\eta (\tau )|^{2}\right)$
can be evaluated using the Kronecker limit formula. Here χ is the quadratic residue symbol modulo D, where −D is the discriminant of an imaginary quadratic field. The sum is taken over 0 < r < D, with the usual convention χ(r) = 0 if r and D have a common factor. The function η is the Dedekind eta function, and h is the class number, and w is the number of roots of unity.

## Origin and applications

The origin of such formulae is now seen to be in the theory of complex multiplication, and in particular in the theory of periods of an abelian variety of CM-type. This has led to much research and generalization. In particular there is an analog of the Chowla–Selberg formula for p-adic numbers, involving a p-adic gamma function, called the Gross–Koblitz formula.
The Chowla–Selberg formula gives a formula for a finite product of values of the eta functions. By combining this with the theory of complex multiplication, one can give a formula for the individual absolute values of the eta function as
    $\Im (\tau )|\eta (\tau )|^{4}={\frac {\alpha }{4\pi {\sqrt {|D|}}}}\prod _{r}\Gamma (r/|D|)^{\chi (r){\frac {w}{2h}}}$
for some algebraic number α.

## Examples

Using Euler's reflection formula for the gamma function gives:
* $\eta (i)=2^{-1}\pi ^{-3/4}\Gamma ({\tfrac {1}{4}})$
# Sinopoda okinawana

Sinopoda okinawana is a species of huntsman spider found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It was first described by Peter Jäger and Hirotsugu Ono in 2000.
# James Brown (Scottish clergyman)

James Brown (c. 1734 – 9 November 1791) was a clergyman in the Scottish Episcopal Church, notable as one of a few Jacobite dissenters who refused to abandon their allegiance to the House of Stuart when directed to do so in 1788.

## Life

James Brown was born around 1734. The son of a Jacobite farmer who died in the Battle of Culloden in 1746, he retained the same Jacobite allegiances throughout his life. He married Helen Taylor, daughter of an Episcopalian minister, and they had a son, Robert, who would become a notable botanist, giving his name to his discovery of Brownian motion.
Brown was minister at Montrose in 1788 when Charles Edward Stuart died. The Scottish Episcopal Church had long supported the House of Stuart, but found it impossible to support Charles' heir, his brother Henry Benedict Stuart, who was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Accordingly, the bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church met and agreed to recognise George III. 25 May 1788 was set as the day upon which services were to include prayers for King George III for the first time, and on that day the directive was followed by all but two ministers, Brown and Charles Rose, the Bishop of Dunblane and Dunkeld.
Around 1790, Brown moved to Edinburgh, where he became pastor to the remaining Jacobite dissenters. On presenting himself to the old and increasingly senile Rose, he was consecrated as a bishop. When questioned later, Rose denied having done so, suggesting that perhaps his sister had. Rose had no authority to consecrate Brown, as the canon required no fewer than three consecrating bishops, although the nonjuring church in England had relied on such consecrations. The Episcopal Bishops were furious at Brown's consecration and declared it null and void.
Some accused Brown of taking advantage of Rose's senility in order to advance his own position, but it is equally likely that Rose was perfectly aware of what he was doing and, as a strong Jacobite, would have desired the non-juring laity to be catered for. The following year Rose died, making Brown the last remaining minister to the Jacobite dissenters.

## Succession

Brown ordained Donald Macintosh as deacon in 1789 and later priest. Macintosh then continued the ministry for some years, living to 1808.
# Diaporthe nothofagi

Diaporthe nothofagi is a plant endophyte and occasionally a plant pathogen, first found on Nothofagus cunninghamii in Australia.
# Masarkal

Masarkal is a village in the Devadurga taluk of Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Masarkal is located southeast of Devadurga town, on the road connecting Kalmala and Devadurga. Sri Gopaladasara Janmastala and Muktayakka lived in Masarkal in the 12th century.. The poet Gopaladasa was born in Masarkal in 1721, and Muktayakka, Ajaganna, Murugrndra Swamy, Marasilingeshwara lived there. It is also known for Babayya Darga where every year ursu takes place.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Masarkal had a population of 4,685 with 2,366 males and 2,319 females in 734 Households.
# Melanolycaena

Melanolycaena is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.
# NWL Ladies Championship

The NWL Ladies Championship is the top women's professional wrestling title in the National Wrestling League promotion. It was created when Bambi defeated Heidi Lee Morgan to become first champion in 1990. The title was defended primarily in the Mid-Atlantic and East Coast, most often in Hagerstown, Maryland, but also in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. It was originally retired in 2003, reinstated as the NWL/HoPWF Ladies Championship in 2005 and the NWL Ladies Championship in 2007. There were 12 recognized known champions with a total of 21 title reigns.

## Title history

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| NWL Women's Championship |||||
| Bambi | 1 | 1990 | | Defeated Heidi Lee Morgan to become first champion. |
| Rusty Foxx | 1 | 1991 | | |
| Bambi | 2 | 1991 | | |
| Peggy Lee Leather | 1 | 1991 | | |
| Rusty Foxx | 2 | 1992 | | |
| Peggy Lee Leather | 2 | 1992 | | Won title via forfeit. |
| Bambi | 3 | August 2, 1992 | Hagerstown, Maryland | |
| Peggy Lee Leather | 1 | April 1993 | Keyser, West Virginia | |
| Bambi | 4 | February 25, 1995 | Onley, Virginia | |
| The title is vacated. |||||
| Rusty Foxx | 2 | December 12, 1997 | Boonsboro, Maryland | Defeated Miss Linda for the title. |
| Fantasia | 1 | December 5, 1998 | Berryville, West Virginia | |
| Kurt Keizer | 1 | April 8, 1999 | Waynesboro, Pennsylvania | |
| The title is vacated by Kurt Keizer following a loss to Gillberg on May 13, 1999. |||||
| Fantasia | 2 | May 29, 1999 | Hagerstown, Maryland | Defeated Nasty Jean to win vacant title. |
| The title is vacated on April 19, 2001. |||||
| AmyLee | 1 | April 23, 2001 | Hagerstown, Maryland | Defeated Molly McShane in tournament final. |
| Molly McShane | 1 | May 18, 2001 | Frederick, Maryland | Defeated AmyLee and Stacy in a three way dance. |
| Madison (wrestler) | 1 | August 4, 2001 | Cumberland, Maryland | Won title via forfeit. |
| Fantasia | 3 | March 10, 2002 | Brunswick, Maryland | |
| The title is abandoned on July 11, 2003. |||||
| NWL/HoPWF Ladies Championship |||||
| AmyLee | 1 | August 13, 2005 | Newville, Pennsylvania | Won battle royal. |
| Kacee Carlisle | 1 | November 19, 2005 | Newville, Pennsylvania | Won in a "No DQ" match. |
| AmyLee | 2 | August 12, 2006 | Martinsburg, West Virginia | Won title in a mixed tag team match with Shorty Smalls against Kacee Carlisle & Jerkface. |
| The title is retired on March 1, 2007. |||||
| NWL Ladies Championship |||||
| AmyLee | 1 | May 18, 2008 | Bridgewater, Pennsylvania | AmyLee pinned Kacee Carlisle at the two-day "Wrestle With The Stars" supercard. |

## HoPWF Women's Championship

| Wrestler: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| Fantasia | 1 | June 29, 2002 | Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania | Defeated Amy Lee to become first champion. |
| The title is retired on July 11, 2003. |||||
# Cotana kebeae

Cotana kebeae is a moth in the family Eupterotidae. It was described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1904. It is found in New Guinea.
The wingspan is 48–56 mm. The forewings are cinnamon brown, but paler in the medial area and with a straight oblique dark purplish-brown medial stripe, followed by a slightly curved narrower similar coloured postmedial line edged with paler externally. In this edging is a row of dark dots on each vein. The apex has a darker suffusion. The hindwings are orange, with a trace of a medial line and a suffused lunulated postmedial stripe which is edged with pale externally. There is a row of dark dots on the veins.

## Subspecies

* Cotana kebeae kebeae
* Cotana kebeae grandis Rothschild, 1917
# Charlton Nyirenda

Charlton Nyirenda (born 29 August 1988) is a competitive swimmer from Malawi. He competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, and was the flag-bearer for his nation during the opening ceremonies of those games.
# Sir John Dashwood-King, 4th Baronet

Sir John Dashwood-King, 4th Baronet (1765 – 22 October 1849) was a British Tory politician and country gentleman.
The son of Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet and half-nephew of Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer, he shared little of their cultured and hedonistic ways and was a pious churchgoer. He was educated at the Middle Temple and Christ Church, Oxford.
On 29 August 1789, he married Mary Anne Broadhead (d. 19 January 1844), the great-granddaughter of Theodore, Baron Brinckman; they had seven children:
* Sir George Dashwood, 5th Baronet
* Francis Dashwood (d. May 1817)
* Sir John Dashwood, 6th Baronet (1792–1863)
* Captain Edwin Sandys Dashwood (d. 1846). An officer of the Royal Horse Guards, he married Emily Hare in 1821, but became an alcoholic and died of delirium tremens in Paris. He left a son:
** Sir Edwin Dashwood, 7th Baronet (1825–1882)
* Rev. Henry Dashwood (d. 6 February 1846), married on 19 September 1826) Anne Leader and had issue. Vicar of West Wycombe in 1832, but lost his post due to indiscreet romantic entanglements.
* Mary Dashwood, married in 1815 Augustus Fitzhardinge Berkeley, natural son of Frederick Berkeley, 5th Earl of Berkeley
* Elizabeth Dashwood (d. 29 August 1846), married in 1821 Harrison Walke Sober, married on 28 April 1827 Anthony St. Leger and had issue.
An unfortunate incident ensued in 1800, when he suspected his wife of being overly intimate with the Prince of Wales and made her leave London for Bourton.
In 1793, he inherited the baronetcy and West Wycombe Park, and stood unsuccessfully as the Parliamentary candidate for the borough of Wycombe. He was elected in 1796, holding the seat until 1831, playing an active role in local politics as well. An independent Tory, he was mobbed in Wycombe for his opposition to the Reform Bill in 1831, and left Parliament in 1831, preferring not to contest the election of 1832.
Much given to country life, he established the Bourton Hunt, a pack of harriers, at his Bourton estate in Gloucestershire and was also considered an excellent judge of horses. He disliked his country seat at West Wycombe as unsuitable for hunting and too expensive to maintain and attempted to sell it to the Duke of Somerset, but was unable to do so. He preferred to live in Halton House, near Aylesbury.
Due to heavy investment in land in Buckinghamshire, he died burdened by poverty and crushing debt and was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Henry, who was Liberal Member for Buckinghamshire and for Wycombe until his death in 1862, when it passed briefly to George Henry's brother John Richard and then to the son of his other brother Edwin.
# Marion Roach

Marion Roach Smith (born April 7, 1956) is a non-fiction author and a former staff member of The New York Times who advocates "the power of the personal narrative".

## Books

Her first book, Another Name for Madness (1985), is a memoir that describes Alzheimer's effects on her mother (Allene Zillmann Roach) and the family problems that arose because of it. A reviewer for The Baltimore Sun described the book as "simply the best evocation of an insidious illness I have ever read." The book has been published in Canada, England, France, Japan, and the United States.
Roach wrote The Roots of Desire: The Myth, Meaning, and Sexual Power of Red Hair (2005), a non-fiction piece about the history and oddities of red heads and their reactions from society.
She is also the coauthor of Dead Reckoning: The New Science of Catching Killers with physician Michael Baden (2001), and the author of The Memoir Project: A Thoroughly Non-Standardized Text for Writing & Life (2011).

## Career

After graduating college, Roach was hired by The New York Times. At The Times, she worked as a copy person from 1977 to 1978, as a news clerk from 1978 to 1980, and as a news assistant from 1980 to 1983. Beginning in 1998, she has been an instructor at the Arts Center of the Capital Region in Troy, New York, of a class called "Writing What You Know" that teaches about writing memoirs.
Along with her books, Roach's writing has also been published in the New York Times Magazine, Vogue, Good Housekeeping, Discover, Prevention, and Newsday. She also works as a professor of a memoir course at the Arts Center of the Capital Region, New York; and works as a commentator on National Public Radio on the show "All Things Considered." She previously had a spot on Martha Stewart Living Radio Sirius 112 called "The Naturalist's Datebook". This daily radio show included facts, websites, books, poems and more concerning nature and naturalists. She started each piece with how many days of the year had elapsed since New Years, and quotes how many days since the new moon. Ms. Roach closed each Datebook with the phrase "And that's it for the Naturalist's Datebook... and remember: look around, write it down, and keep your eye on nature."
Roach testified before the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Aging in the mid-1980s to ask Congress to revise the insurance practice of labeling Alzheimer's disease as a custodial issue (non-medical care that assists people with day-to-day living such as eating or washing) instead of a medical one. She has served as a member of the board of directors for the Alzheimer's Resource Center. In addition to her emphasis on helping people affected by Alzheimer's, Roach has also worked with domestic-abuse survivors, people in recovery, and veterans of the Vietnam War.

## Personal life

Marion Roach was born on April 7, 1956, in Queens, New York City, to James Pilkington Roach, a sportswriter, and Allene Roach, a teacher. In 1977, she graduated cum laude from St. Lawrence University, where she is Board of Trustees member. Roach is married to the Times Union editor Rex Smith, and they have a daughter.
# James Daly (journalist)

James Daly is a San Francisco Bay Area journalist and owner of 2030 Media, a content-creation firm in Northern California. Most recently, he launched TED Books, a series of ebooks produced by the TED conference. Previously, he was editorial director of GreatSchools, a website designed to better public schools through increased parental involvement that is used by nearly 3 million persons per month. Prior to that, he launched and was Editor in Chief/Editorial Director of Edutopia, a magazine and website from The George Lucas Educational Foundation that follows innovation in K-12 public education. He also served as Editor in Chief of Red Herring, leading the web site's relaunch in 2004.
In late 1997, Daly led the launch of Business 2.0, an international biweekly business magazine. Arriving in July 1998, Business 2.0 ultimately had a paid circulation of 350,000, six international editions and won more than a dozen editorial awards, including the Folio: Editorial Excellence Award for Best Business/Finance Publication three years in a row. Business 2.0 was also a National Magazine Awards finalist in the category of General Excellence. Business 2.0 was also featured in Magazine Design That Works (Rockport Publishing). He served as Editor in Chief and editorial director at Business 2.0 until the publication was sold to AOL Time Warner in July 2001.
Daly has served as a Features Editor at Wired magazine, where he was the lead editor on cover stories that helped gain the magazine the National Magazine Award for General Excellence in 1996. He was also Senior Editor at Forbes ASAP magazine, was a new media columnist for Rolling Stone and San Francisco Chronicle and has written for a number of publications including the Los Angeles Times, ID and Writers Digest.
Daly received his Bachelor of Science, cum laude, in Journalism and Economics from Boston University. He also has a degree from the New England School of Photography and has done postgraduate work in economics and international relations at Harvard University.
# Didi Contractor

Delia Narayan "Didi" Contractor (née Kinzinger; 1929 – July 5, 2021) was an American artist and builder. A self-taught architect, she is known for her work on the vernacular traditions in India, using adobe, bamboo and stone for materials. She was a recipient of the Nari Shakti Puraskar, India's highest civilian award for recognising the achievements and contributions of women.

## Life

Born Delia Kinzinger in Minneapolis, she was the daughter of expressionist painters Edmund Kinzinger and Alice Fish Kinzinger, both associated with the Bauhaus movement. Her father was German, from Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Her mother was American. Her parents married in Germany in 1927, and moved to Minneapolis where her father worked as an exchange teacher. They returned to Germany, but left it for Paris in 1933. They moved to Waco, Texas in 1935, where her father was first assistant professor, later professor and finally head of the Art Department of Baylor University.
She grew up in New Mexico and Texas, and took a year off from school to work in theatre, She was first trained in art by her father and Hans Hofmann in New York, and then studied art at the University of Colorado Boulder, where she met her husband, Narayan Contractor. They moved to Nashik in the 1950s, and to Mumbai in the 1960s, raising four children. After separating from her husband she moved to Andretta, an artists’ village established by Norah Richards in the Kangra Valley of Himachal Pradesh in the 1970s.
Contractor's eldest daughter, Maya Narayan is a retired clinical psychologist. Over the years she has cared a lot for her mother. Contractor's youngest daughter is author and academic Kirin Narayan. Narayan has written about the Contractor household in Mumbai, in a beachside compound in Juhu which Contractor ran as a combination youth hostel and literary salon, in her memoir My Family and Other Saints. Her son Devendra Contractor trained as an architect and practices in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The children studied in the U.S.
Contractor died at home in Sidhbari on July 5, 2021, at age 91.

## Buildings

Contractor was self-taught in architecture and was inspired as a child by a talk by Frank Lloyd Wright. She specialised in buildings that fit into, rather than contrast with, the landscape, and are made of natural local materials: mainly mud, bamboo, and stone, with small amounts of deodar wood. They also include frequent use of staircases as a design element. They can be found in the area around Dharamsala, and include over 15 homes and three institutions, including the Nishtha Rural Health, Education and Environment Center in Sidhbari, the Sambhaavnaa Institute of Public Policy and Politics in Palampur, and the Dharmalaya Institute in Bir.

## Recognition

Contractor was the subject of two feature films, Earth Crusader (2016), and Didi Contractor: Marrying the Earth to the Building (2017). She was the 2017 winner of the Women Artists, Architects and Designers (WADe) Asia Life Time Achievement Award.
In 2019 the president of India gave her the Nari Shakti Puraskar, India's highest civilian award for recognising the achievements and contributions of women.
# Byron Erickson

Byron Erickson (born February 3, 1951, Tucson, Arizona) is an American editor and writer in the comic book industry. He works at Egmont on Disney comic books, and was formerly Don Rosa's editor.
Erickson began working at Another Rainbow Publishing in 1983, and when they received the license to publish Disney comics in the United States under the name of Gladstone Publishing, he became the editor. After Disney took over the license, Erickson left Gladstone Publishing for First Comics as an editor for various comics. He later moved to Denmark and joined Egmont (then known as Gutenberghus), first as editor/writer, then as editor-in-chief, and later as creative director.
# Canada (unit)

The canada (Portuguese pronunciation:) was the unit of liquid volume of the ancient Portuguese measurement system. It was used in Portugal, Brazil and other parts of the Portuguese Empire until the adoption of the metric system. It was equivalent to 4 quartilhos (pints). The exact value of the canada varied from region to region, the canada of Lisbon being equivalent to 1.4 litres.
In the Portuguese metric system officially adopted in August 1814, "canada" was the name given to the unit of liquid volume. This metric canada was equivalent to 1 litre.
The canada is still used in some rural areas of Portugal and Brazil to indicate a liquid volume of between 1.5 and 2.0 liters.
# NWG

NWG or nwg may refer to:
* Northumbrian Water Group, a British water company
* NWG, the LSE and NYSE stock symbol for NatWest Group, England
* NWG, the station code for Nunawading railway station, Victoria, Australia
* nwg, the ISO 639-3 code for Ngayawung language, South Australia
# Initial Review of Westminster constituencies

The Initial Review of Westminster constituencies was passed in 1948. It was the first review conducted following the passage of the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1944 which codified the rules governing the boundary review process within the UK.

## Changes in representation

The Initial Review introduced the following changes in parliamentary seats compared to 1945:
| | 1945 | 1948 | Change |
| England | 510 | 506 | -4 |
| Wales | 35 | 36 | +1 |
| Scotland | 71 | 71 | 0 |
| N. Ireland | 12 | 12 | 0 |
| Universities | 12 | 0 | -12 |
| Total | 640 | 625 | -15 |
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 400 metre freestyle S10

The women's 400m freestyle S10 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 5 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results
### Heats

Competed from 10:11.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | Élodie Lorandi | France | 4:42.86 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Aurelie Rivard | Canada | 4:45.06 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Katherine Downie | Australia | 4:57.28 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Shireen Sapiro | South Africa | 4:59.54 | Q, AF |
| 5 | 3 | Gemma Almond | Great Britain | 5:07.43 | |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 4 | Susan Beth Scott | United States | 4:40.00 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Katarzyna Pawlik | Poland | 4:43.45 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Oliwia Jablonska | Poland | 4:51.67 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Anaelle Roulet | France | 4:57.85 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Jennett-McNeill Brianna | Canada | 5:01.94 | |
| 6 | 7 | Marije Oosterhuis | Netherlands | 5:03.80 | |

### Final

Competed at 17:58.
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | 5 | Élodie Lorandi | France | 4:34.55 |
| | 6 | Aurelie Rivard | Canada | 4:36.46 |
| | 4 | Susan Beth Scott | United States | 4:37.23 |
| 4 | 2 | Oliwia Jablonska | Poland | 4:41.65 |
| 5 | 3 | Katarzyna Pawlik | Poland | 4:45.50 |
| 6 | 7 | Katherine Downie | Australia | 4:53.59 |
| 7 | 1 | Anaelle Roulet | France | 5:00.20 |
| 8 | 8 | Shireen Sapiro | South Africa | 5:01.30 |
'Q = qualified for final. AF = African Record.