OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Charles-François Galand

Charles-François Galand (1832–1900) was a French gunsmith who worked in Liège, Belgium, and Paris, France. He manufactured many revolvers for civilian and military use, including the Galand Revolver (also called the Galand-Sommerville or Galand-Perrin), the Tue Tue, and the tiny Le Novo. The Velo-dog, developed from the Tue Tue and the Novo, was designed by Charles-François' son René in 1904.

## Galand Revolvers
### Galand Model 1868

The original Galand revolver was a double-action, open frame (no strap across the top of the cylinder) revolver patented in 1868. Military versions were produced in 9 mm while civilian versions were made in 12 mm. The gun is easily recognizable due to its long extraction lever, which stretches under the gun to form the trigger guard. Pulling the lever forward separates the barrel and cylinder from the rest of the gun. At the same time the extractor plate is blocked which catches any cartridges in the cylinder, thereby extracting them.
The first model was manufactured both in Liège and in Birmingham, England by the British arms firm Braendlin and Sommerville, and is therefore sometimes referred to as the Galand-Sommerville. Sommerville shared the patent for the case extracting system with Galand. The Galand-Perrin is an identical model which uses the Perrin cartridge (7 mm, 9 mm, and most famously 12 mm).
The Galand's double-action mechanism allowed for rapid firing but the longer trigger pull made this less accurate than single-action fire. The Galand's self-extracting system made loading the revolver much faster than contemporary gate-loaded pistols such as the Colt Peacemaker.
First distributed in October 1868, the Galand revolver sold briskly in France, at least in part due to fears over the looming Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
Despite France's loss to the Germans the Galand performed successfully and the Imperial Russian Navy adopted the Galand model 1870 revolver in 1871. This revolver was manufactured under contract by Nagant and Goltiakoff in Russia in 1878. The Romanian Army also adopted the Galand.

### Tue Tue and Le Novo

In 1872 Galand improved the design with a closed frame, but failed to win a French military contract and began aiming most of his production at the civilian market. In 1893 Galand introduced the 8 mm Tue Tue (kill kill) hammerless pocket revolver, which continued in production until about 1935. Later versions were also sold in .32 S&W and .38 ACP, and some had an external hammer. The tiny Le Novo revolver, with a hinged trigger and no trigger guard, also featured a folding grip.

### Velodog revolver

After Charles-François Galand's death in 1900 his son, René, continued the business until 1942. He created the Velo-dog, a truly peculiar conceit in personal defence weapons. The name is a contraction of vélocipède (bicycle) and dog. The weapon was originally marketed as a defence for bicyclists during the bicycle craze which started at the end of the 19th century. Like the Le Novo the Velodog originally used a 5.5 mm centerfire cartridge; it was also available in .22 caliber and 6.35 mm.
# Trumhere

Trumhere (or Thumhere; died c. 662) was a medieval Bishop of Mercia.
Trumhere probably was consecrated about 658 and died about 662. He was born in England but was educated in Ireland. He was the first abbot of Gilling Abbey, which had been founded on land donated by King Oswiu of Northumbria as penance for the death of King Oswine of Deira. Trumhere was related to both Oswine and Queen Eanfled, wife of Oswiu and who was the actual founder of the monastery. When Trumhere was elected as a bishop, he was consecrated by a Celtic bishop.

## Citations

* ↑ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 220
* ↑ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 120
* ↑ Mayr-Harting Coming of Christianity pp. 106–107
# I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today

"I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today" is a song written by Sanger D. Shafer that was originally recorded by American country music singer Connie Smith. It was released as a single via Columbia Records and became a top 30 hit single on the American country chart in 1975. It was also released on Smith's 1975 album I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby On My Mind.

## Background, content and chart performance

After nearly a decade recording for RCA Victor, Connie Smith left and switched to Columbia Records in 1973. Under the production of Ray Baker, she recorded several singles in the mid 1970s, including "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today". The song was composed by Sanger D. Shafer. The song was recorded in 1974 at the Columbia Studio, located in Nashville, Tennessee. With Baker serving as producer, Smith cut an additional nine tracks, which would later appear on her 1975 album.
"I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today" was issued as a single on Columbia Records in February 1975. It was backed on the flip side by "Back to the Country," written by Eddy Raven. The song spent ten weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 30 in April 1975. It was Smith's fourth solo single to reach a peak position in country top 40. The song also peaked at number 45 on the RPM Country Singles chart in Canada. It was later issued on Smith's 1975 studio album on Columbia titled I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today/I've Got My Baby on My Mind.

## Track listing

7" vinyl single
* "I Got a Lot of Hurtin' Done Today" – 2:39
* "Back to the Country" – 2:15

## Charts

| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Songs (RPM) | 45 |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 30 |
# Howard University College of Dentistry

Howard University College of Dentistry is a school of dentistry located in the United States city of Washington, D.C. It is the only dental school in Washington, D.C..

## History

Howard University College of Dentistry is a part of Howard University. The school was established in 1881 as the fifth oldest dental school in United States.
The first African-American dean and longest-serving dean (1931-1966) was Russel A. Dixon. He was committed to racial integration and gender equality in dental education.
By 1960, more than half of the US's 1,681 African American dentists were graduates of the Howard University College of Dentistry.
On July 1, 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first female dean of any American dental school when she was appointed the dean of Howard University College of Dentistry.

## Academics

Howard University College of Dentistry awards following degrees:
* Doctor of Dental Surgery
* Certificate in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
* Certificate in Orthodontics
* Certificate in Pediatric Dentistry
* Certificate in Advanced Education Program in General Dentistry
* Certificate in General Practice Residency

## Departments

Howard University College of Dentistry includes the following departments:
* Department of Restorative Services
* Department of Preventive Services
* Department of Dental Hygiene
* Department of Diagnostic Services
* Department of Endodontics
* Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
* Department of Pediatric Dentistry
* Department of Orthodontics

## Accreditation

Howard University College of Dentistry is currently accredited by American Dental Association.
# Neurophyseta stigmatalis

Neurophyseta stigmatalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1904. It is found in Peru.
# Lentinus roseus

Lentinus roseus is a species of edible mushroom in the family Polyporaceae, first found in northern Thailand.
# Merindad de Valdivielso

Merindad de Valdivielso is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 469 inhabitants.
# Capt. John C. Ainsworth House

The John C. Ainsworth House is a historic building in Oregon City, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1851 for John C. Ainsworth, the main founder of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. It is one of the oldest structures in the Portland area and remains in good condition. It is also the only two-story portico in Oregon. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
# IPSC Czech Handgun Championship

The IPSC Czech Handgun Championship is an IPSC level 3 championship held once a year by the Practical Shooting Association of the Czech Republic.

## Champions

The following is a list of current and previous champions.

### Overall category

| Year | Division | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2003 | Open | Martin Kamenicek | Miroslav Havlíček | Jakub Adamek |
| 2003 | Standard | Roman Podlesak | Adam Tyc | Petr Znamenacek |
| 2003 | Production | Vaclav Vinduska | Petr Smutny | Ales Vondracek |
| 2003 | Modified | Vaclav Martinek | Josef Rakusan Jun. | Pavel Sikula |
| 2003 | Revolver | Zdenek Nemecek | Lumir Safranek | Jiri Jedlicka |

### Lady category

| Year | Division | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2003 | Open Lady | Lenka Horejsi | Ludmila Strizikova | Monika Safrankova |
| 2003 | Standard Lady | Michaela Horejsi | Milena Cerna | Iva Dlouha |

### Junior category

| Year | Division | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2002 | Standard Junior | | | Adam Tyc |
| 2003 | Standard Junior | Adam Tyc | Zdenek Liehne | |

### Senior category

| Year | Division | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| 2003 | Open Senior | Miroslav Kamenicek | | |
| 2003 | Standard Senior | Zdenek Rataj | Josef Kyncl | Karel Vitek |
# St. Mary's Church (St. Benedict, Kansas)

St. Mary's Church is a church in the unincorporated community of St. Benedict, Kansas, 3 miles north of the west edge of Seneca. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kansas City in Kansas. It was built in 1893 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is a prominent local landmark as it is upon a hill and its bell tower rises 172.5 feet (52.6 m). It is a stone building which is 162 by 60 feet (49 m × 18 m) in plan.

## Gallery

* View up the nave toward the chancel
* View down the nave toward gallery
* Stained glass window in the nave
* Grotto
* School
# St. Mary's Church (Stamford, Connecticut)

St. Mary's is a cathedral-style church located at 566 Elm Street in Stamford, Connecticut. The church is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bridgeport. The main building is a Gothic Revival structure, designed by Francis L. S. Mayers and completed about 1928. It is an elegant example of French Gothic architecture, notable for the large rose window in the front-facing gable end. The rectory is a c. 1860 Italianate villa, originally built for a member of the locally prominent Wardwell family.
The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

## St. Mary's Convent

The St. Mary's Convent is now the Monsignor McDermott Parish Center.

## Gallery

* St. Mary's Church under the noon day sun
* Exterior of St. Mary's Church
# Canton of Issy-les-Moulineaux

The canton of Issy-les-Moulineaux is an administrative division of the Hauts-de-Seine department, in northern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Issy-les-Moulineaux.
It consists of the following communes:
# Columbia Lake (New York)

Columbia Lake is a small lake southeast of Stilesville in Delaware County, New York. It drains southeast via an unnamed creek that flows into Silver Lake.
# Cape Roger

Cape Roger is a headland located on the south coast of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Cape Roger extends into Placentia Bay from the eastern shore of the Burin Peninsula. It is bounded on the west by Cape Roger Bay and on the east by Nonsuch Inlet.
47°21′20″N 54°44′08″W﻿ / ﻿47.35556°N 54.73556°W﻿ / 47.35556; -54.73556
* This Newfoundland and Labrador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Cape Robert

Cape Robert (66°23′S 137°39′E﻿ / ﻿66.383°S 137.650°E﻿ / -66.383; 137.650) is an ice-covered point at the west side of Marret Glacier. It was discovered and named by the French expedition under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1840. The name Robert is the first name of a member of the family of Dumont d'Urville. The point was roughly charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Mawson, 1911–14, and more recently delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Cape Robert". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Adélie Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# I gränslandet

I gränslandet is a 2012 Sonja Aldén studio album.

## Track listing

* Innan jag släcker lampan
* Lilla evighet
* Närmre
* I din himmel
* Ljusa ögonblick
* En stund om dagen
* I kärlekens land
* Våga
* Ödet i din hand
* Ditt sista ord
* Kärlekens lov
* Ett strävsamt gammalt par

## Contributors

* Sonja Aldén - vocals
* Henrik Wikström - musician
* Amir Aly - musician
* Peter Boström - musician

## Charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak position |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 12 |
# I giuochi d'Agrigento

I giuochi d'Agrigento is an opera by Giovanni Paisiello to a libretto by Count Alessandro Pepoli with which the rebuilt La Fenice in Venice was inaugurated on 16 May 1792. The castrato Gasparo Pacchierotti lead the cast. The plot, inspired in part by Metastasio's L'Olimpiade, is set against the games at ancient Agrigento on Sicily's southwest shore.

## Recordings

* 2008 Eraclide (Marcello Nardis), Clearco (Razek François Bitar), Aspasia (Maria Laura Martonana), Egesta (Mara Lanfranchi), Cleone (Vincenzo Taormina), Filosseno (Nicola Amodio), Elpenore (Vladimer Mebonia), Deifile (Dolores Carlucci). Coro Slovacco di Bratislava. Orchestra Internazionale d'Italia, Giovanni Battista Rigon (cond.) Dynamic 531/1-2 [2CDs]
# Carex disperma

Carex disperma is a species of sedge known by the common names softleaf sedge or two-seed sedge. It is native to much of the northern Northern Hemisphere, from Alaska to Greenland, most of Canada and the contiguous United States, and across Eurasia.

## Description

Carex disperma grows in many types of wet habitat, such as swamps, meadows, and moist forest understory. This sedge produces thin, nodding stems up to 60 centimeters long from a network of branching rhizomes. The leaves are flat, green, and very narrow, less than 2 millimeters wide. The small open inflorescence is made up of 2 to 4 small rounded spikes.
# StagKnight

StagKnight is a 2007 English black comedy-horror film directed by Simon Cathcart and written by Cathcart and Rob Mercer. It stars Martin Bayfield as a murderous knight who hunts down a paintball team during a weekend party. The title is a reference to a stag night, the party featured in the film.
Two tie-in Flash games were created to promote the film, the second of which had been played over a million times on Newgrounds.com prior to its deletion.

## Plot

A paintballing team known as the "Weekend Warriors" heads to a woodland retreat just outside London to celebrate the marital engagement of one of their members. However, deep within the forest, an ancient warrior preserved from the time of King Arthur has awoken and begins to hunt them down one by one.

## Cast

* Martin Bayfield as Knight / William
* Jocelyn Osorio as Blossom / Young Explorer
* Sandra Dickinson as Fay
* Simeon Willis as Brian
* Simon Cathcart as Sean
* James Hillier as Charles
* Barry McNeill as Steve the Queen
* Joe Montana as Roger
* John Campbell-Mac as Wolf
* Tony Tang as Makoto
* Santos Regules as Santos
* Jason Lee Hyde as David
* Paul Coskun as Mike / Brenda
* Danielle Mason as Ginger
* Harry Athwal as Driver
* Stephen Wisdom as Lead Explorer
# IPT-7 Junior

The IPT-7 Junior was a light aircraft manufactured by the Brazilian Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (IPT).

## Design and development

Frederico A. Brotero, a chief-engineer at the Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas, designed a light multirole aircraft that first flew in 1945. The IPT-7 was designed as a low-wing monoplane with fixed tailwheel landing gear and had a conventional tailplane. The fuselage and wings were of freijó wooden construction, which was planked with plywood made from domestic timbers. The pilot and passenger sat side by side in the cockpit, which could be entered through a sliding canopy. The aircraft was powered by a Franklin 4AC with 48 kW. Despite good flight characteristics, no series production took place.

## Specifications

Data from Pereira 1986, p. 126
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 6.88 m (22 ft 7 in)
* Wingspan: 10.60 m (34 ft 9 in)
* Height: 2.45 m (8 ft 0 in)
* Wing area: 14.47 m$^2$ (155.8 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 396 kg (873 lb)
* Gross weight: 590 kg (1,301 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Franklin 4AC-176-BA2 4-cylinder, 48 kW (65 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed IPT.9
Performance
* Maximum speed: 144 km/h (89 mph, 78 kn)
* Cruise speed: 135 km/h (84 mph, 73 kn)
* Stall speed: 60 km/h (37 mph, 32 kn)
* Service ceiling: 3,300 m (10,800 ft)
* Rate of climb: 1.4 m/s (280 ft/min)
# Men's heptathlon world record progression

The following table shows the men's heptathlon world record progression starting in 1970 and ratified by IAAF from 1986.

## Record progression

| Athlete | Venue | Date | Points |
| Hans-Joachim Walde | Mainz | March 7, 1970 | 5429 |
| Herbert Swoboda | Mainz | March 6, 1971 | 5563 |
| Eberhard Stroot | Mainz | March 4, 1972 | 5716 |
| Guido Kratschmer | West Berlin | February 1, 1976 | 5724 |
| Guido Kratschmer | West Berlin | January 29, 1978 | 5860 |
| Viktor Gruzenkin | Ordzhonikidze | February 18, 1979 | 5934 |
| Aleksandr Nevskiy | Leningrad | March 2, 1980 | 6013 |
| Aleksandr Nevskiy | Gomel | February 20, 1982 | 6144 |
| Siegfried Wentz | Dortmund | February 15, 1986 | 6163 |
| Christian Plaziat | Vittel | February 12, 1989 | 6241 |
| Christian Plaziat | Nogent-sur-Oise | February 11, 1990 | 6273 |
| Christian Plaziat | Nogent-sur-Oise | February 2, 1992 | 6273 |
| Christian Plaziat | Genoa | February 29, 1992 | 6418 |
| Dan O'Brien | Toronto | March 14, 1993 | 6476 |
| Ashton Eaton | Fayetteville | March 13, 2010 | 6499 |
| Ashton Eaton | Tallinn | February 6, 2011 | 6568 |
| Ashton Eaton | Istanbul | March 10, 2012 | 6645 |
# Combat Support Group RAAF

The Combat Support Group (CSG) is a component of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), established in 1998, initially known as the Operational Support Group (OSG). The CSG's primary objective is to coordinate military airbases and squadrons within Australia. While its initial focus was on general operations, its purpose has evolved to encompass a broader range of military applications, leading to the change in nomenclature.
At present, the CSG operates on a centralised control model, complemented by decentralised execution, enabling it to provide essential military airbase capabilities. The group collaborates with wings and squadrons situated across various locations within Australia, ensuring the provision of necessary support for Australian Defence Force (ADF) operations in the Asia-Pacific region.
Throughout its history, the CSG has actively participated in ADF operations, including deployments to regions such as the Solomon Islands, East Timor, Afghanistan, and Iraq. The group has also played a pivotal role in offering Forward Control System (FCS) capabilities for Australian humanitarian missions.
Overall, the Combat Support Group contributes significantly to enhancing the operational effectiveness and support capabilities of the Royal Australian Air Force, reinforcing its commitment to regional security and national interests.

## Subordinate Units

As of 2017, Combat Support Group's main subordinate units were:
* No. 95 Wing RAAF
* No. 96 Wing RAAF
* Health Services Wing RAAF
* Combat Support Division
# 2017 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 1500 m

The men's 1500 meter at the 2017 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Thursday 29 December 2016. There were 20 participants.
# 2017 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships

The 2017 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice skating rink in Heerenveen from Wednesday 28 December 2016 to Friday 30 December 2016. Although the tournament was held in 2016 it was the 2017 edition as it was part of the 2016–2017 speed skating season.

## Schedule

Schedule :
| Date | Starting time | Event |
| Wednesday 28 December 2016 | 16:30 | Men's 5000 meter Men's 500 meter Women's 1500 meter |
| Thursday 29 December 2016 | 17:00 | Women's 3000 meter Women's 500 meter Men's 1500 meter |
| Friday 30 December 2016 | 15:20 | Women's 5000 meter Men's 10.000 meter Women's 1000 meter Men's 1000 meter Women's Mass start Men's Mass start |

## Medalists
### Men

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Dai Dai Ntab | 34.80 | Ronald Mulder | 34.83 | Jan Smeekens | 34.91 |
| 1000m details | Kai Verbij | 1:08.22 | Kjeld Nuis | 1:08.54 | Ronald Mulder | 1:09.40 |
| 1500m details | Sven Kramer | 1:45.82 | Kjeld Nuis | 1:46.05 | Patrick Roest | 1:46.15 |
| 5000m details | Sven Kramer | 6:14.17 | Jorrit Bergsma | 6:18.08 | Douwe de Vries | 6:18.51 |
| 10000m details | Jorrit Bergsma | 12:52.34 | Sven Kramer | 12:53.59 | Bob de Vries | 13:01.93 |
| Mass start details | Gary Hekman | 60 points | Arjan Stroetinga | 40 points | Jan Blokhuijsen | 20 points |

### Women

| Distance | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| 500m details | Jorien ter Mors | 38.48 | Floor van den Brandt | 38.66 | Anice Das | 38.79 |
| 1000m details | Jorien ter Mors | 1:15.15 | Marrit Leenstra | 1:15.25 | Ireen Wüst | 1:15.98 |
| 1500m details | Ireen Wüst | 1:57.19 | Jorien ter Mors | 1:57.47 | Marrit Leenstra | 1:57.75 |
| 3000m details | Ireen Wüst | 4:02.31 | Antoinette de Jong | 4:02.76 | Yvonne Nauta | 4:04.50 |
| 5000m details | Carien Kleibeuker | 6:58.78 | Antoinette de Jong | 6:59.79 | Carlijn Achtereekte | 7:00.83 |
| Mass start details | Irene Schouten | 60 points | Melissa Wijfje | 40 points | Suzanne Schulting | 20 points |
Source:
# Ian Borthwick Cowan

Ian Borthwick Cowan (16 April 1932 – 22 December 1990) was a Scottish historian.

## Life

He was educated at Dumfries Academy and the University of Edinburgh, where he studied history. He was a member of the University's Conservative Club and took part in its debates. In his last year he studied under Gordon Donaldson and received a second class honours degree, along with the Kirkpatrick Prize for the most distinguished history graduate.
He performed his national service in the Royal Air Force, where he became a flying officer. In 1956 he returned to the history department as an assistant before being appointed history lecturer at Newbattle Abbey College in 1959. He received his PhD in 1961. In 1970 he was appointed to the University of Glasgow as senior lecturer, in 1977 to reader and in 1983 he became titular professor.
From 1972 until 1974 he was president of the Scottish Church History Society and from 1983 until 1988 he was editor of the Scottish Historical Review.

## Works

* The Enigma of Mary Stuart (Littlehampton Book Services, 1972). ISBN 0575006749
* The Scottish Covenanters, 1660-88 (Littlehampton Book Services, 1976). ISBN 0575021055
* The Scottish Reformation: Church and Society in Sixteenth-century Scotland (Littlehampton Book Services, 1982). ISBN 0297780298
* Medieval Religious Houses Scotland Second Edition (Longman, 1976). ISBN 0582120691
# Mick Russell

Michael Russell (born 20 April 1965) is a Scottish amateur football referee who officiates in all four leagues of the Football League having made his debut as a referee in 2001. He represents Hertfordshire FA.
On 29 December 2012, he gave two yellow cards to Sheffield Wednesday's Jérémy Hélan, which is supposed to result in a sending off. It was later reported that Russell had inadvertently noted the first yellow card as being for Michail Antonio and hence did not realise that Hélan had had two yellow cards. He was taken off duty for his next scheduled fixture as a result.
In March 2015, he refereed the 2015 Football League Trophy Final at Wembley between Bristol City and Walsall.