OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Scholars' Declaration on Authority in the Church

In 2012, more than 200 theologians from the Catholic Church made a declaration titled Catholic Scholars' Declaration on Authority in the Church with proposals for changes in church governance. They demanded a redefining of papal authority with more latitude for bishops in Synods and Bishops' Conferences, and more power to selected groups of clergy and privileged laity in diocesan and parochial councils.

## Demands

The Declaration is made up of seven demands:
* The role of the papacy should be redefined in line with the Vatican II Council so as not to hamper the exercise of authority by others in the Church. These ‘other’ authorities are spelled out under the next six headings.
* Bishops should be given more autonomy, both as pastors of their dioceses and members of national episcopal conferences.
* The Central Synod of Bishops should take part in deciding overall church policy, with and next to the Pope.
* The laity should actively participate in church governance through pastoral councils on all levels.
* Bishops and other church leaders should, to the extent possible, be elected more locally and democratically. The Vatican Council recommended democracy in politics. By implication, it is claimed, this applies also to selecting bishops. Moreover, the election of bishops used to be more local and democratic.
* The Roman Curia needs to be reformed.
* The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith needs to be given independent, professional advisers. The implication is that it will then protect the freedom of academic research and expression, rather than suppress it.
The Declaration has been published in eight languages, with a fuller explanation of each of the seven demands in further documentation. It ends with the appeal: "The exercise of authority in our church should emulate the standards of openness, accountability and democracy achieved in modern society. Leadership should be seen to be honest and credible; inspired by humility and service; breathing concern for people rather than preoccupation with rules and discipline."

## Origin and launch

The idea was born when a group of reform-minded Catholic theologians met at an international conference on 'Handing On the Torch' (Utrecht, 2010). They concluded that in many areas of the Church's life progress is blocked by an imbalance in the exercise of authority. Theologian and writer John Wijngaards spearheaded the effort to gather more information and documentation. Wijngaards, a priest who resigned from his ministry in 1998 and subsequently married, is primarily known for his advocacy of women's ordination and for founding the Wijngaards Institute for Catholic Research.
The Declaration was opened for endorsement on 11 October 2012 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council. That is why it was originally known as the ‘Jubilee Declaration’.
On 5 March 2013, the Catholic Scholars' Declaration was publicly launched for England by an endorsement ceremony in the Houses of Parliament, London. Baroness Helena Kennedy explained her reasons for becoming sponsors of the declaration.
# Magic Rock

Magic Rock may refer to:
* Magic Rock Brewing, an English brewing company in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire
* Magic Rock (film), a 2001 comedy-drama film
# Kitihawa Point du Sable

Kitihawa Point Du Sable (also known by her Christian name, Catherine) was a Potawatomi woman who, with her husband Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, established the first permanent settlement in what is now the city of Chicago. By the late 1700s, Kitihawa and her husband had set up their farm and trading post near the mouth of the Chicago River and Lake Michigan.

## Biography

There are no known records of Kitihawa's life before her marriage to Jean Baptiste. Kitihawa and her husband were married in the 1770s in a Potawatomi ceremony, followed by a Catholic ceremony on October 27, 1788, in Cahokia, Illinois. Kitihawa and Jean Baptiste had two children, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable Jr., and Suzanne.

## Representations in arts, entertainment, and media

* A December 2019 article in the Chicago Tribune mentions a proposal to rename Lake Shore Drive for Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. The article suggests rethinking the history of the city and considering the centuries that Native American people used the area as a trading post -- and renaming Lake Shore Drive for Kitihawa instead.
* In August 2019, Floating Museum created an art installation called "Founders," which features Kitihawa, her husband, Jean Baptiste, and a child. The goal of the piece is to bring attention to the fact that Chicago was originally founded by a Haitian man and a Potawatomi woman. As part of this installation, the poem "Kitihawa Speaks," written by Osage poet Elise Paschen, was displayed in CTA Greenline cars.
* A photographic art exhibit called "Kitihawa's Chandelier" by Nicholas Henry, "honors the historical, cultural and racial fusion of an African and Native American."
# Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories

The Kitikmeot Region was part of the Northwest Territories until division in April 1999 when most of the region became part of Nunavut. It consisted of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional seat was Cambridge Bay (pop. 1,351 - 1996).
Originally the entire region was part of the Fort Smith Region, Northwest Territories and was later called the "Central Arctic Region". For administrative purposes the region consisted of (all population figures 1996):
* Cambridge Bay (1,351)
* Coppermine (1,201), now Kugluktuk
* Gjoa Haven (879)
* Spence Bay (648), now Taloyoak
* Pelly Bay (496), now Kugaaruk
* Holman (423) now Ulukhaktok
* Bay Chimo (51), now Umingmaktok
* Bathurst Inlet (18)
However, for NWT election purposes Holman was included in the Nunakput district unlike the rest of the Kitikmeot.
After division Holman remained with the Northwest Territories while the rest of region became Kitikmeot Region.
69°N 111°W﻿ / ﻿69°N 111°W﻿ / 69; -111
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# Magnusson Research Farm

The Magnusson Research Farm is a 40-acre research station in Roseau, Minnesota operated by the College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences of the University of Minnesota. It is the site of perennial crop breeding such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Kernza (Intermediate Wheatgrass). The research station is the northernmost research station for the University of Minnesota. The research station was named after Richard Magnusson, a graduate of the university and a prominent grass seed producer who donated the land for the facility. The farm also conducts tours of its grass seed fields.
# Magnussen

Magnussen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arne Magnussen (1884–1970), Norwegian trade unionist, newspaper editor and politician
* Billy Magnussen (born 1985), American actor
* Bjørn Magnussen (born 1998), Norwegian speed skater
* Davur Juul Magnussen, Faroese trombonist
* Einar Magnussen (1931–2004), Norwegian economist and politician
* Fritz Magnussen (1878–1920), Danish film director and screenwriter
* Harro Magnussen (1861–1908), German sculptor
* James Magnussen (born 1991), Australian swimmer
* Jan Magnussen (born 1973), Danish racing driver
* Jon Magnussen (born 1959), Norwegian academic
* Karen Magnussen, OC (born 1952), Canadian figure skater
* Karin Magnussen (1908–1997), German biologist, teacher and researcher
* Kevin Magnussen (born 1992), Danish racing driver
* Ryan Magnussen, American businessperson and media entrepreneur
* Trond Magnussen (born 1973), Norwegian ice hockey player
* Ulf Magnussen (born 1946), Norwegian handball player

## Fictional characters

* Charles Augustus Magnussen, a character in the television series Sherlock
# Magnussen model

Magnussen model is a popular method for computing reaction rates as a function of both mean concentrations and turbulence levels (Magnussen and Hjertager). Originally developed for combustion, it can also be used for liquid reactions by tuning some of its parameters. The model consists of rates calculated by two primary means. An Arrhenius, or kinetic rate, $R_{K\_i',k}$, for species $i'$ in reaction $k$, is governed by the local mean species concentrations and temperature in the following way:
    $R_{K\_i',k}=-\nu _{i',k}M_{i}A_{k}T^{\beta _{k}}\exp {\left(-{\frac {E_{k}}{RT}}\right)}\prod _{j'=1}^{N}\left[C_{j'}\right]^{\eta _{j',k}}=K_{i',k}M_{i'}\prod _{j'=1}^{N}\left[C_{j'}\right]^{\eta _{j',k}}$
This expression describes the rate at which species $i'$ is consumed in reaction $k$. The constants $A_{k}$ and $E_{k}$, the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor and activation energy, respectively, are adjusted for specific reactions, often as the result of experimental measurements. The stoichiometry for species $i'$ in reaction $k$ is represented by the factor $\nu _{i',k}$, and is positive or negative, depending upon whether the species serves as a product or reactant. The molecular weight of the species $i'$ appears as the factor $M_{i'}$. The temperature, $T$, appears in the exponential term and also as a factor in the rate expression, with an optional exponent, $\beta _{k}$. Concentrations of other species, $j'$, involved in the reaction, $\left[C_{j'}\right]$, appear as factors with optional exponents associated with each. Other factors and terms not appearing in the equation, can be added to include effects such as the presence of non-reacting species in the rate equation. Such so-called third-body reactions are typical of the effect of a catalyst on a reaction, for example. Many of the factors are often collected into a single rate constant, $K_{i',k}$.
# Kishartyán

Kishartyán is a village in Nógrád County, Hungary with 534 inhabitants (2014).
48°5′N 19°42′E﻿ / ﻿48.083°N 19.700°E﻿ / 48.083; 19.700
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# Mahmud Shah II of Bengal

Mahmud Shah II was an infant Sultan of Bengal with Habsh Khan as his regent.
Both of them were killed in 1490 by Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah.
| Preceded bySaifuddin Firuz Shah | Habshi dynasty of Bengal 1489–1490 | Succeeded byShamsuddin Muzaffar Shah |
# Kitchel

Kitchel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cornelius P. Kitchel (1875–1947), former mayor of Englewood, New Jersey
* Denison Kitchel (1908–2002), campaign manager of Barry M. Goldwater
* Harvey Denison Kitchel (1812–1895), former president of Middlebury College
* Jane Kitchel (born 1945), member of the Vermont Senate
* Ted Kitchel (born 1959), basketball player
# Kitchell Park

Kitchell Park is a park which is listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The park is in the city of Pana, Illinois, located in Christian County. A 40-acre (160,000 m$^2$) facility, Kitchell is one of the city's main parks. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

## History

Kitchell Park was given to the city of Pana by John W. Kitchell and his wife Mary Little Kitchell in 1908. It is home to several unique and old features. The round Chautauqua Pavilion was built in 1911 and has attracted such speakers as William Jennings Bryan, World War I hero Sergeant York and Billy Sunday among others. The Schuyler Bridge was constructed entirely of concrete in 1910. The park's ornate main gate acted as the entrance booth for the Tri-County Fair which was held on park grounds from 1885 until it moved to its present fairgrounds in 1949. Part of the park's original horse track is still one of the main roads through the park. The story is that Frank James of the Missouri Gang was starter and timekeeper at the track in his later years, after he was pardoned by authorities.
Today the park is home to tennis courts, a disc golf course, softball and baseball diamonds, a swimming pool, playgrounds and a picnic area. The park's auditorium is the result of a deluge, 6.5 inches of rain, that fell on the area in 1910. It was felt that if the pavilion were to survive adequate shelter would need to be provided. At the time of its construction the auditorium was called one of the most modern in the nation with its seating capacity of 3,500 and 35 X 45-foot (14 m) stage. The auditorium was renovated in 1955 through funding from the Pana Lions Club. New paint, a concrete floor and rewiring for the installation of 24 overhead lights were all included in the project.
# Kivihaka

Kivihaka (Finnish), Stenhagen (Swedish) is a neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland. Kivihaka is a small and idyllic neighborhood next to Etelä-Haaga, on the other side of Hämeenlinnanväylä. In Kivihaa, you live in a peaceful and forested environment, but the services of Etelä Haaga are very close. Pasila and shopping center Tripla are also only a short distance away. The best thing about Kivihaa is the opportunities for outdoor activities - the extensive walking paths of Keskuspuisto open right from the front door, and the Pirkkola sports grounds and the Pasila sports hall are also in the neighborhood. Hämeenlinnanväylä's fast buses make getting to the center easy.
60°12′39″N 24°54′11″E﻿ / ﻿60.2109°N 24.9030°E﻿ / 60.2109; 24.9030
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# Kisdobsza

Kisdobsza is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
# Catherine Colomb

Marie-Louise Colomb (August 18, 1892 – November 3, 1965), best known by her pseudonym Catherine Colomb, was a Swiss writer, considered one of the most important 20th-century novelists in French-speaking Switzerland.

## Early life and education

Marie-Louise Colomb was born in 1892 in Saint-Prex, in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Her mother died in childbirth when she was 5 years old, and she was raised by her maternal grandmother. After spending her childhood in Begnins, she left to study at the University of Lausanne, where she graduated in 1916 with a degree in classical studies. She began work on a doctorate, with a thesis on Béat Louis de Muralt, but she abandoned it before the defense.

## Career

Colomb traveled at length to Germany, England, and Paris, before settling again in Vaud. She would spend the rest of her life in the canton—whose landscapes and social elite would inspire her novels—living in turn in Yverdon-les-Bains, Lausanne, and Prilly. She married Jean Raymond, a lawyer, in 1921, and had two sons in 1923 and 1929.
For nearly 30 years, Colomb set aside her literary ambitions to focus on the demands of family and social life. But she began to write in secret in the early 1930s, beginning the day her younger son entered school. Her first novel, Pile ou face, was published under the pseudonym Catherine Tissot in 1935.
Colomb went on to publish her three best-known novels, Château en enfance, Les Esprits de la terre, and Le temps des anges, at 10-year intervals under the pseudonym Catherine Colomb. She become a member of the Vaud Writers Association [fr], the Society of Swiss Writers, and the Swiss Association of University Women. Her work was praised by the Swiss poet Gustave Roud and, in France, by Jean Paulhan. In 1943 she was honored by the jury of the Prix de la Guilde du Livre, and in 1956 she received the Prix du Livre Vaudois, followed by the Prix Rambert [fr] in 1962.

## Death and legacy

Catherine Colomb died in Prilly in 1965. Today, she is considered one of the most important and innovative writers from French-speaking Switzerland of the mid-19th century.
Her complete works were published in 1993 by Éditions L'Âge d'Homme. In 2008, the artists of Saint-Prex founded an organization called Association Catherine Colomb to promote her work and cultural events in the area.

## Selected works

* Pile ou face, 1934
* Châteaux en enfance, 1945; republished 1993
* Les Esprits de la terre, 1953; republished 2002
* Le Temps des anges, 1962; republished 1993

### Posthumous

* La Valise, 1993
* Les Royaumes combattants, 1993
* Catherine Colomb, Œuvres complètes, 3 volumes, 1993
* Tout Catherine Colomb, 2019
# Maja e Grebenit

Maja e Grebenit is a mountain in Albania, located near its most northern tip, in the Accursed Mountains range. It reaches a height of 1,840 metres. It is located just south of the fertile valley of the Vermosh river, close to the border with Montenegro.
Maja e Grebenit is located in the municipality Kelmend, and is surrounded by the villages Vermosh, Lepush and Selcë.
# Maja e Brijasit

Maja e Brijasit is a 2,567 m (8,422 ft) tall mountain located in Albania. It is part of the Accursed Mountains range in the northern part of Albania. One of the surrounding valleys is Valbona Valley.
# Caulerpa subserrata

Caulerpa subserrata is a species of seaweed in the Caulerpaceae family.

## Description

The seaweed has erect fronds that arise from repeating, cylindrically shaped, branching, glabrous surculus and often two or three individuals are found together. It is flat and has a linear or elliptic to oblong shape in outline. The fronds are truncato-obtuse at apex and oval at the base tapering to a very short cylindrical stipe. The fronds are 1 to 2.5 centimetres (0.39 to 0.98 in) long and 3 to 4 millimetres (0.118 to 0.157 in) wide. It can be simple or branches by proliferations and is serrated with lobes along both margins. The lobes are short, patent and a little curved upward and subalternate.

## Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist Kintarô Okamura in 1897 as part of the work On the algae from Ogasawara-jima (Bonin Islands) as published in the Botanical Magazine, Tokyo.

## Distribution

It is found along the coast of the Bonin Islands about 500 kilometres (311 mi) south of Japan.
# Kiyeng

Kiyeng is a surname of Kenyan origin. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Kemboi Kiyeng (born 1983), Kenyan marathon runner
* Hyvin Kiyeng Jepkemoi (born 1992), Kenyan steeplechase runner
* Judy Kiyeng (born 1993), Kenyan middle-distance runner
# Mahalingeshwara Temple, Gokak Falls

Mahalingeshwara Temple (mentioned as Tarakeshwar temple in an old inscription found inside the temple belonging to the reign of Ratta Kartaveerya III, dating back to 1153 AD) is an 11th-century Hindu temple dedicated to lord shiva. It is located at Gokak Falls, Belgaum. It has been built in Kalyani Chalukyan architectural style. It boasts of having a huge courtyard, an Ardhamandapa and a spacious open mukhamantapa(frontal courtyard) and a Garbhagriha(sanctum santorum) over which there exist a beautifully carved shrine.
# Maha Badmaash

Maha Badmaash [A Great Crook] is a 1977 Bollywood film directed by R.G. Thaker.

## Plot

Ratan runs a legitimate casino, little knowing that he is under surveillance by an international gangster named Mogambha, who is unseen, but heard only. When Ratan is approached and asked to partner with Mogambha, he refuses, and is implicated in a murder of a man named Mombha. Thus entrapped, he agrees to be part of Mogambha's gang and is asked to work together with Pinky Nathani and Mike. Subsequently, Ratan is asked to kill Ajit Saxena, the Commissioner of Police, which he refuses to do. Mogambho's men then abduct his Secretary, Reddy, and his sister, Mala, and hold them for ransom until such time Ratan assassinates Ajit. Will Ratan commit this felony, or refuse at the risk of losing Reddy and Mala.

## Cast

* Vinod Khanna as Ratan
* Neetu Singh as Seema / Pinky (Double Role)
* Bindu as Reena
* Brahmachari as Reddy
* Imtiaz Khan as Mike
* Pinchoo Kapoor as Dindayal
* Praveen Paul as Mrs. Nathani
* Om Shivpuri as Mogambo / Parker

## Music

| Song | Singer | Lyricist |
| "Yun Husn Ka Jalwa" | Asha Bhosle | Noor Dewasi |
| "Abhi Zara Si Der Mein" | Asha Bhosle | Naqsh Lyallpuri |
| "Nazar Hai Badli Badli Si, Ada Hai Jaani Pehchani" | Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi | Kulwant Jani |

## Trivia

The movie had average business. The music score was by Ravindra Jain. This film contains 3 songs, all sung by Asha Bhosle (including 1 duet song with Mohammed Rafi). The film comprises comedy, action, drama and romance.
The Don MOGAMBO was originally cast as a villain, which was again acted by Amrish Puri in Mr. India.
# Maha Bandula (disambiguation)

Maha Bandula (also spelled Mahabandoola) is a 19th-century Burmese general who fought against the British in the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824–1826.
Many places and structures are named in his honor:
* Maha Bandula Bridge: A major bridge in eastern Yangon linking Pazundaung Township and Dawbon Township
* Maha Bandula Park: A famous park in downtown Yangon; Independence Monument is located here
* Maha Bandula Road: One of four main east–west thoroughfares in downtown Yangon
# Klondike Glacier

Klondike Glacier is in Shoshone National Forest, in the U.S. state of Wyoming on the east of the Continental Divide in the Wind River Range. Klondike Glacier is in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness, and descends from the northeastern slopes of Pedestal Peak. The glacier flows east into a proglacial lake and shares a glacial margin with Grasshopper Glacier to the north.
# Cathedral Hill Historic District

Cathedral Hill Historic District may refer to:
* Cathedral Hill Historic District (Baltimore, Maryland), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Maryland
* Cathedral Hill Historic District (St. Joseph, Missouri), listed on the NRHP in Buchanan County, Missouri
# Bygdø Monolitten IL

Bygdø Monolitten Idrettslag is a Norwegian sports club from Bygdøy and Skøyen, Frogner, Oslo. It has sections for association football, team handball, floorball and badminton.

## History

The club was founded on 29 May 1914 under the name Djerv. The name was changed to Skøien BK in 1915 and to Skøien IF as the club started to participate in non-ball games. However the name was changed to Bygdø BK, "Bygdø Ball Club", in 1927.
The club added Nordic skiing in 1923, track and field in 1929 and bandy in 1934. All these were later abolished. The club got its own sports field with gravel surface in 1934, and a grass pitch in 1947. The grass pitch was changed to artificial turf in 2007, the same year that the name Ferd Stadion was inaugurated. The club colors are red and blue.
On 9 November 1998 another club named Monolitten IL was founded. Among others, it offered the sport of floorball. On 12 April 2005 it was merged with Bygdø BK under the name Bygdø Monolitten IL. Monolitten is the Norwegian name for "The Monolith" in Vigeland Sculpture Park.

## Floorball

Since the introduction of floorball, the club has seen success in this sport. The men's floorball team was promoted from the Fourth Division in 2006–07 to playing the Second Division in 2008–09. In 2010–11 it will play in the First Division. Also in 2010–11, the women's floorball team will play in the Premier League, the first team in the club to achieve such a feat.

## Football

The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football, after being relegated from the Third Division in 2010. The relegation ended a stint in the Third Division from 2004. Well-known players include Sven Morisbak, Rune Danielsen and Per Olav Sætre.
# Chrysostomus

Chrysostomus (meaning "golden mouth" in Greek) may refer to:
* Dio Chrysostom (c. 40 - c. 115 AD), Greek philosopher, also known as Dion of Prusa
* Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, the baptismal name of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* John Chrysostom (347-407), Early Church Father and Christian saint
# Mathias Hafele

Mathias Hafele (born 23 December 1983) is an Austrian former ski jumper who competed from 2002 to 2007. His best finish at World Cup level was second place in Engelberg on 21 December 2002, which was his only top 10 result. He also finished third overall in the 2005/06 Continental Cup season.