OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Independent Working Class Education

Independent working class education is an approach to education, particularly adult education, developed by labour activists, whereby the education of working-class people is seen as a specifically political process linked to other aspects of class struggle. The term, abbreviated to (IWCE), is particularly linked to the Plebs' League.

## Ruskin College

When Ruskin College was founded in 1899 the founders Walter Vrooman and Charles A. Beard declared "We shall take men who have been merely condemning our social institution, and we will teach them how, instead, to transform those institutions, so that instead of talking against the world, they will begin methodically and scientifically to possess the world."

## Proletcult

Having outlined the "fundamental requirement of the modern working class" as the use of "the economic power of the workers for the overthrow of the capitalist system, the abolition of wagery and the inauguration of a classless commonwealth" Cedar and Eden Paul wrote in 1921 that the events of the previous decade had clearly shown that the political efforts to achieve such a goal would be misguided unless based on knowledge:
    "The workers' demand for education is no longer a demand for graduated doses of bourgeois culture. It is a demand for an education which shall make the workers understand their place in the economic and social system, and shall help them in the successful waging of the class war. It is a demand for Independent Working-Class Education"
The Pauls' went on to identify the Plebs League as "the most effective exponent of the demand for a distinctively proletarian culture", whereas they described the Workers Educational Association, as making a "parade of impartiality" which masked "an unconscious bias in favour of the institutions of the bourgeois state". The Pauls' drew inspiration from Proletkult, an organisation set up in the wake of the Russian Revolution. Envisioning an imminent revolution spreading to Great Britain, they saw the development of a fighting proletarian culture as being requisite for social revolution. "Proletcult is practically synonymous with what is generally known in this country by the cumbrous name of Independent Working-Class Education"

## Institutions founded on the basis of IWCE

* Central Labour College, London
* Scottish Labour College, Glasgow
* Victorian Labour College, Australia
# José María Raygada y Gallo

José María Raygada y Gallo (18 December 1795 – 15 January 1859) was a 19th-century Peruvian politician. He was twice Prime Minister of Peru (1857 – 15 July 1858; October 1858 – 15 January 1859). He died in office.
# Metal Polishers', Buffers', Platers' and Allied Workers' International Union

The Metal Polishers', Buffers', Platers' and Allied Workers' International Union (MPBP) was a labor union representing metal workers in the United States and Canada.
The union was founded in 1892, as the Metal Polishers', Buffers' and Platers' International Union of North America, a split from the International Brotherhood of Brass Workers. It was chartered by the American Federation of Labor, but the Brass Workers remained a significant force in the industry, particularly after 1895, when it was joined by many metal polishers formerly organized in the Knights of Labor Trades Assembly 252.
On July 2, 1896, the union absorbed the Brass Workers, renaming itself as the Metal Polishers', Buffers', Platers' and Brass Workers' Union of North America, adding "International" to its name in 1899. In 1902, the silver workers' union merged in, and the union's name was again lengthened, to become the Metal Polishers', Buffers', Platers', Brass Molders', and Brass and Silver Workers' International Union of North America. However, brass molders were transferred to the International Molders' Union of North America in 1907, and brass workers who used lathes were then transferred to the International Association of Machinists. In 1917, the union transferred its silver workers to the International Jewelry Workers' Union, but gained relevant members of the Pocket Knife Blade Grinders' and Finishers' National Union. Having narrowed its focus, it renamed itself as the Metal Polishers' International Union.
The union had 9,000 members in 1925. In 1935, it became the Metal Polishers', Buffers', Platers' and Helpers' International Union, and in 1955, it transferred to the new AFL-CIO. By 1957, its membership had grown to 25,000, but by 1980 it had fallen back to 10,000. It adopted its final name in 1971. On December 10, 1996, the union merged into the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers.

## Presidents

    1892: Timothy M. Daly
    1893:
    1894: Henry J. Eikhoff
    1895: Timothy M. Daly
    1896: Edward J. Lynch
    1902:
    1903: Edward J. Lynch
    1905: Adelbert Grout
    1909: Timothy M. Daly
    1915: Walter W. Britton
    1943: Ray Kelsay
    c.1950: Ray Muehlhoffer
    c.1960: Jim Siebert
    1984: Glenn Holt
# Hinrich Nitsche

Hinrich Nitsche (14 February 1845, in Breslau – 8 November 1902, in Tharandt) was a German zoologist. He was a son-in-law to geographer Oscar Peschel (1826-1875).
He studied zoology at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate at the latter institution in 1868. After graduation, he worked as an assistant to Rudolf Leuckart at the University of Leipzig. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a volunteer medical assistant. In 1875, he became an associate professor of zoology at Leipzig, and during the following year was appointed professor of zoology at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt.
In 1869-70 he divided the phylum Bryozoa into two groups, Endoprocta and Ectoprocta, with the latter group of animals being characterized by having its anus outside of the crown of tentacles, as opposed to Endoprocta. Today the term "Ectoprocta" is considered to be synonymous with Bryozoa. The herpetological species Nitsche's bush viper (Atheris nitschei ) is named in his honor.

## Selected writings

* Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Bryozoen, 1869 – Contributions to the understanding of Bryozoa.
* Erklärungen zu den zoologischen wandtafeln, 1877 (with Rudolf Leuckart and Carl Chun) – Explanations involving zoological wall charts.
* Lehrbuch der mitteleuropäischen Forstinsektenkunde, 1895 (with Johann Friedrich Judeich and Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg) – Textbook of Central European forest entomology.
* Die Forstinsekten Mitteleuropas, Ein Lehr- und Handbuch, 1914 (by Karl Escherich, a new edition of Judeich-Nitsche's Lehrbuch der mitteleuropäischen forstinsektenkunde). – Forest entomology of Central Europe.
# Mick Ryan (politician)

Lionel William "Mick" Ryan (1884 – 6 February 1970) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Bathurst to Thomas and Abigail Ryan. He was a rural worker who was active in the Australian Workers' Union. From 1925 to 1943 he was a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. He opposed Jack Lang and sat as Federal Labor in the 1930s; he also took an active organisational role in Federal Labor in opposition to Lang Labor in federal and state elections. Ryan died in Croydon in 1970.
# Steraspis

Steraspis is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
* Steraspis aeruginosa Klug, 1855
* Steraspis ambigua (Fåhraeus in Boheman, 1851)
* Steraspis ambiguoides Kerremans, 1908
* Steraspis amplipennis (Fåhraeus in Boheman, 1851)
* Steraspis argodi Théry, 1901
* Steraspis brevicornis (Klug, 1835)
* Steraspis calida Harold, 1878
* Steraspis ceardi Théry, 1930
* Steraspis colossa Harold, 1878
* Steraspis confusa Bellamy, 2004
* Steraspis cupriventris Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis divina Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis fastuosa Gerstäcker, 1871
* Steraspis hacquardi Théry, 1932
* Steraspis hebe Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis humeralis Kerremans, 1910
* Steraspis hyaena Thomson, 1879
* Steraspis infuscata Théry, 1908
* Steraspis jackal Thomson, 1879
* Steraspis lacustris Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis laeviventris Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis lesnei Kerremans, 1908
* Steraspis maunensis Obenberger, 1935
* Steraspis mimosarum Kerremans, 1907
* Steraspis modesta Kerremans, 1895
* Steraspis monardi Théry, 1946
* Steraspis nigella Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis nigriventris Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis ovalis Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis parallelipennis Obenberger, 1926
* Steraspis piliventris Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis reptilis Thomson, 1897
* Steraspis rotundata Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis scabra (Fabricius, 1775)
* Steraspis scapha Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis schultzei Kerremans, 1908
* Steraspis speciosa (Klug, 1829)
* Steraspis squamosa (Klug, 1829)
* Steraspis staudingeri Kerremans, 1900
* Steraspis subbrevicornis Thomson, 1879
* Steraspis viridicincta Kerremans, 1914
* Steraspis welwitschii Saunders, 1872
# Steraspis squamosa

Steraspis squamosa or the Middle Eastern jewel beetle is a beetle of the Buprestidae family.

## Description

Steraspis squamosa can reach a length of about 27–38 millimetres (1.1–1.5 in). These beetles usually have a metallic green or bluish color with orange margin along the edges of the elytra and a rugose surface. They primarily feed on Tamarix, Rhus tripartita and Acacia. They lay the eggs on tree branches and the caterpillars drill hatching holes in the trunk. At the end of the process the insect bursts the bark and a new life cycle begin. The full life cycle last two years. Adult beetles are active in Spring.

## Distribution

This species is present in the northern part of Africa, particularly from Red Sea, Sinai, Israel and Egypt to Syria, Mauritania, Algeria and Morocco.

## Subspecies

* Steraspis squamosa kindermanni Marseul, 1865
* Steraspis squamosa squamosa (Klug, 1829)

## Cultural Significance

This beetle is likely the particular species of buprestid beetle depicted in ancient Egyptian art. It feeds on the tamarisk tree, boring holes into it for their larvae to pupate. The larvae emerge once mature as beetles. As such they were likely identified with Osiris, who was imprisoned in a tamarisk tree in some versions of the myth where he is killed by Set. The beetle was associated with rebirth as a result, and jewelry with the beetles was often found with mummies.
The beetle appears as part of the pins on Queen Hetepheres bed canopy, and as part of a 6th dynasty broad collar.

## Gallery

* Steraspis squamosa
* Steraspis squamosa from Syria, mounted specimen at National Museum (Prague)
* Steraspis squamosa
# Ingpen & Williams

Ingpen & Williams International Artists' Management, founded in London in 1946, was a British classical music talent management agency. It was named for founders Joan Ingpen and her dog Williams, a dachshund.
Ingpen, conductor Georg Solti's agent during the 1950s, became artistic administrator of the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden in 1961 at Solti's request, after which Ingpen & Williams was managed by Howard Hartog, editor of European Music in the Twentieth Century with help from his wife, the concert pianist Margaret Kitchin.
It was Joan Ingpen who put lyric tenor Luciano Pavarotti on the international opera map in 1963. She hired him to cover for the role of Rodolfo in La bohème in the event that Giuseppe Di Stefano was unable to perform. Di Stefano withdrew on the second night, and Pavarotti's more than twenty five performances drew great acclaim.
The artists represented by Ingpen & Williams include, among many others, Richard Armstrong, Pierre Boulez, Alfred Brendel, Janina Fialkowska, the Guarneri Quartet, Barbara Hendricks, Heinz Holliger, Ralph Kirshbaum, Paul Lewis, Peter Serkin, Graham Vick, Roger Vignoles, Radovan Vlatkovic, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and West-Eastern Divan.
Joan Ingpen died December 29, 2007, aged 91.
In September 2016 Ingpen and Williams Limited changed its company name to Groves Artists Limited, and continues to manage artists such as Sir Mark Elder, Sir Richard Armstrong and Graham Vick.
# Stenanona

Stenanona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Annonaceae. There are about 14 species native to Mexico and Central and South America. The genus is found in rainforest habitat.
These plants are small trees. The leaves have a coating of hairs and are borne on swollen petioles. The petals are somewhat thin but moderately fleshy in texture and are various shades of pink or red; one species has purple flowers. The petals sometimes fade whitish. The flowers are bisexual.
Species include:
* Stenanona carrillensis
* Stenanona cauliflora
* Stenanona columbiensis
* Stenanona costaricensis
* Stenanona flagelliflora
* Stenanona hondurensis
* Stenanona humilis
* Stenanona migueliana
* Stenanona monticola
* Stenanona narinensis
* Stenanona panamensis
* Stenanona stenopetala
* Stenanona tuberculata
* Stenanona tubiflora
* Stenanona wendtii
# Cook Bay (South Georgia)

Cook Bay (54°3′S 37°8′W﻿ / ﻿54.050°S 37.133°W﻿ / -54.050; -37.133) is an irregular bay, 1.3 nautical miles (2.4 km) wide at its entrance between Cape Crewe and Black Head, narrowing into two western arms, Lighthouse Bay and Prince Olav Harbour, along the north coast of South Georgia. It was charted by Discovery Investigations (DI) personnel during the period 1926–30, and named by them for Captain James Cook, who explored South Georgia and landed in this general vicinity in 1775.

## Features

The following notable features of Cook Bay were named by DI personnel, unless otherwise noted.
Cape Crewe forms the north side of the entrance to Cook Bay. Cape Crewe is an established name, dating back to about 1912. Crewe Rock, an offshore rock about 3 metres (10 ft) high, lies 0.1 nautical miles (0.2 km) east of Cape Crewe, for which it is named. Kelp Bank is a shoal, covered with kelp, lying 2 nautical miles (4 km) northeast of Cape Crewe. The name appears to be first used on a 1931 British Admiralty chart. A small rock group referred to as the Olav Rocks lies 0.6 nmi (1.1 km) east-southeast of Cape Crewe. It was named because the rocks serve as a guide to vessels entering Prince Olav Harbor. DI charts recorded the incorrect spelling, "Prince Olaf Rocks," but later charts corrected this error, and the shortened form of the original name is approved.
Lighthouse Bay forms the northern arm of Cook Bay between Cape Crewe and Point Abrahamsen. It was probably named for the now-disused lighthouse on Sheep Point to the south.
South of Lighthouse Bay, Prince Olav Harbour makes up the majority of Cook Bay.
Further south, a narrow strait called Carl Passage, 0.2 nautical miles (0.4 km) long, connects Elephant Lagoon, which is about 0.3 nautical miles (0.6 km) long, to Cook Bay. "Carl Passage" may reflect an earlier naming.
# Cook Carillon Tower

The Cook Carillon Tower is a 10-story-tall carillon-clock tower located in the center of the Grand Valley State University-Allendale campus in Allendale, Michigan. The tower and carillon were built in 1994 with help from generous donations by Peter C. and Pat Cook for which it is named. The tower is considered to be a major icon of both the university and its campus and creates a notable central focal point on the Allendale campus.
The 48 carillon bells are cast of bronze by the Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry and Tower-clock Makers of the Netherlands. The largest bell weighs around 3,000 pounds and the smallest at just 14 pounds with sizes ranging from 51.7 to 7.5 inches. The tower itself is made of brick and stone.
The carillon chimes at every quarter-hour throughout the day on a set computerized play system playing the Whittington chimes. The carillon also automatically plays the university's alma mater, "Hail to Thee, Grand Valley" after the noon chimes. However, the bells are also connected to a keyboard and playing chamber located in the middle of the tower, from which a carillonneur can play.
GVSU also has another carillon, the Beckering Family Carillon Tower, located on the Pew campus in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
# 2020 MAAC men's soccer tournament

The 2020 MAAC men's soccer tournament, will be the 28th edition of the MAAC Men's Soccer Tournament, a post-season college soccer conference tournament to determine the MAAC champion, and the conference's automatic berth into the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament. The 2020 edition of the tournament was scheduled to begin on November 12 and conclude on November 15, 2020. In August 2020, the tournament was postponed from November 2020 to April 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

## Format changes

Previously, the MAAC Tournament had six teams with the higher seeds hosting the matches. The 2020 season will see the tournament reduced to four teams, with the regular season champion hosting all matches. This was in part done due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The MAAC indicated that the dates are to be flexible and subject to change if the tournament is to be played at an earlier or later date.

## Seeds

* Seed
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4

## Bracket

| Semifinals April 2021 | Semifinals April 2021 | Semifinals April 2021 | Championship April 2021 | Championship April 2021 | Championship April 2021 |

## Statistics
### Goalscorers

To be determined

## All-Tournament team

| Player | Team |
| 2020 MAAC Men's Soccer All-Tournament team ||
# Coral Gables Woman's Club

The Coral Gables Woman's Club is a historic woman's club in Coral Gables, Florida.
The club is located at 1001 East Ponce de Leon Boulevard. On March 27, 1990, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
# Cecilia Häll

Cecilia Häll (born 10 June 1978) is a Swedish actress. She was married to the actor Joakim Nätterqvist and together they have a child.

## Filmography

* Tre kronor (1996-99)
* Lilla Jönssonligan och cornflakeskuppen (1996)
* Beck – Spår i mörker (1997)
* Kommissionen (2005)
* 100 Code (2015)
# Cecilia Hincapié

Cecilia Hincapié (born 20 November 1976) is a Colombian former professional tennis player.
Hincapié, who comes from Manizales, competed on the international tour in the early 1990s. She reached a best singles ranking of 405 in the world and won one ITF title. From 1993 to 1995 she represented the Colombia Fed Cup team, which included World Group appearances in the first two years.
Her career continued in the United States in the late 1990s, where she played college tennis for Auburn University at Montgomery. She earned NAIA All-American selection in each of her three seasons, between 1996 and 1998, before moving to Clemson University as a senior in 1999.

## ITF finals
### Singles: 4 (1–3)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 14 September 1992 | Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Sumara Passos | 6–2, 4–6, 1–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 16 November 1992 | San Salvador, El Salvador | Hard | Belkis Rodríguez | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 19 April 1993 | San Salvador, El Salvador | Clay | Xóchitl Escobedo | 3–6, 0–6 |
| Winner | 1. | 14 February 1994 | Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Fabiola Zuluaga | 6–4, 6–3 |

### Doubles: 3 (0–3)

| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| Runner-up | 1. | 16 November 1992 | San Salvador, El Salvador | Hard | Adriana Garcia | Yoannis Montesino Belkis Rodríguez | 2–6, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 19 April 1993 | San Salvador, El Salvador | Clay | Carmiña Giraldo | Xóchitl Escobedo Ximena Rodríguez | 2–6, 6–2, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 7 February 1994 | Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Giana Gutiérrez | María Dolores Campana María Virginia Francesa | 6–4, 6–7$^{(6)}$, 4–6 |
# Stephen Joyce

Stephen or Steven Joyce may refer to:
* Stephen A. Joyce (born 1931), American law enforcement official
* Stephen James Joyce (1932–2020), French-Irish literary executor
* Stephen Joyce (Gaelic footballer) (born 1957), Irish Gaelic football manager and former player
* Steven Joyce (Maine politician) (born 1969), American politician from Maine
* Stephen P. Joyce (born c. 1961), American businessman
* Steven Joyce (born 1963), New Zealand broadcast technology entrepreneur and legislator
# Cathy Dove

Cathy Dove is an American college administrator who served as the 10th president of Paul Smith's College in New York from 2014 to 2020.
She earned her bachelor's degree at Georgetown University in 1979, an MBA at Cornell University in 1984 and a doctorate in higher education management from the University of Pennsylvania in 2004.
From 1989 to 2014, she was an administrator at Cornell University, most recently serving as vice president of Cornell Tech. She was named as 10th president of Paul Smith's College in 2014 and served in that role until 2020.
# Stenanthemum emarginatum

Stenanthemum emarginatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a spreading to prostrate shrub with sparsely hairy young stems, narrowly fan-shaped to linear leaves and densely, shaggy-hairy heads of white or cream-coloured flowers.

## Description

Stenanthemum emarginatum is a spreading to prostrate shrub that typically grows to a height of 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in), its young stems sparsely hairy. Its leaves are narrowly fan-shaped to linear, 4.5–11 mm (0.18–0.43 in) long and mostly 1.5–3.5 mm (0.059–0.138 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–1.5 mm (0.020–0.059 in) long, with triangular stipules 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long and joined together at the base. The upper surface of the leaves is glabrous and the lower surface is covered with shaggy, silvery hairs. The flowers are sparsely to densely covered with shaggy, greyish hairs. The floral tube is 0.3–0.5 mm (0.012–0.020 in) long and 0.5–0.7 mm (0.020–0.028 in) wide, the sepals 0.6–1 mm (0.024–0.039 in) long and the petals 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) long. Flowering occurs in November and December, and the fruit is 1.8–2.2 mm (0.071–0.087 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Stenanthemum emarginatum was first formally described in 1995 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected by Alex George near Ravensthorpe in 1960. The specific epithet (emarginatum) means "notched", referring to the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This species grows in shrubland and mallee-heath between Gingin and Hopetoun in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

Stenanthemum emarginatum is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Miconia calophylla

Miconia calophylla is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Peru.
# Industrial show

An industrial show may refer to:
* Trade shows organized by one or more businesses to promote their products to potential buyers
* Industrial musicals performed for company employees for motivational purposes