OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Santa Coloma de Queralt

Santa Coloma de Queralt (Catalan pronunciation:) is a municipality in the comarca of the Conca de Barberà in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated in the north-east of the comarca about 60 km (37 mi) from the city of Tarragona. The town is linked to the rest of the comarca and to Igualada by the C-241 road.

## History

In 976, Borrell II, Count of Barcelona, sold the castle of Queralt and the surrounding area to Viscount Guitart, and by 1018, castles had been built at Santa Coloma and other strategic locations. The Gurb-Queralt family established a barony and remained in control of the area for the next two centuries. By the end of the thirteenth century, Santa Coloma de Queralt was an important regional centre, serving as a market town that linked the local community and their need for commercial goods brought from other parts of the Mediterranean with the outside world. These commercial activities attracted Jews, so that by the early fourteenth century, of the one hundred and fifty houses in the town, fifty were occupied by Jewish families.
The Catalan Revolt in the mid-seventeenth century came about as a result of the continuing presence in Catalonia of Spanish troops during the Franco-Spanish War between the Kingdom of France and the Monarchy of Spain. Dalmau de Queralt, Count of Santa Coloma, who was the Spanish viceroy of Catalonia at the time, was assassinated by the rebels near the beginning of the revolt. After the war, the town returned to the control of the Queralt family.

## Tourism

Santa Coloma de Queralt is a historic town. Some of the main points of interest are the four medieval gateways that formed part of the walls that used to surround the old town. There are also the remains of the Castles d'Aguiló and Queralt, and the Palace of the Counts of Queralt is an imposing edifice. There are two squares surrounded by porticoed buildings, the Plaça Major and the Plaça de l’Església. The Casa de la Villa now houses the town hall, and the Jewish neighbourhood has small twisting streets. The Gothic church of Santa Coloma was built in the 14th century. The Church of Santa Maria de Bell-lloc dates to the 13th and 14th century. It is built in Gothic style but with a Romanesque portal. It houses the alabaster sepulchre of the Counts of Queralt which dates from 1370.
# Bill Joyner

William Joyner (January 1868 – death date unknown) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1890s and 1900s.
A native of Sumner County, Tennessee, Joyner played for the Chicago Unions in 1896 and 1897. He went on to play for the Leland Giants in 1901 and 1902.
# Santiago Rodríguez-Miranda

Santiago Rodríguez-Miranda Gómez (born 1940) is a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Labour and Social Security from December 1981 to December 1982.
# Hachmeister-Lind

Hachmeister-Lind was a Pittsburgh-based chemical maker and auto parts business, which applied mirror finishes to a portion of auto light bulbs. The treated light bulbs, called Perfect-o-Lite, cut down the glare of the lights and directed the beam over a wider area of the road. The company operated during the Great Depression in the 1930s. It had a physical address at 211 Wood Street and a mailing address at Dept. L-570, in Pittsburgh.

## Diverse inventory

The corporation also maintained a light and mastic tile division. A separate department manufactured different kinds of plasters used in wall finishes. Aside from floor coverings and lights, the company sold more than 600 chemicals. The most significant chemicals it made were used in the electroplating industry.

## Profitability

In the latter half of 1931 Hachmeister-Lind's earnings amounted to $30,000 per month, or, approximately $244,686 for the full year. This widely exceeded the firm's 1930 revenue, which totaled $133,247.

## Radio sponsor

Hachmeister-Lind sponsored episodes of The Shadow during January and February 1932.

## Bankruptcy

The company filed for bankruptcy in August 1934, in Federal District Court of the western district of Pennsylvania. Its address at the time was Island Avenue and Leonard Avenue in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania.
# Santa Cruz Tayata

Santa Cruz Tayata is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of km². It is part of the Tlaxiaco District in the south of the Mixteca Region.
As of the 2010 census, the town (locality), which serves as the municipal seat, had a population of 59 inhabitants, while the municipality had a total population of 608 inhabitants. The municipal seat is the third-smallest in all of Mexico (after Santa María del Rosario and Santa María Nduayaco).
# The Fighting City

The Fighting City (in Hungarian: Harcoló város) was an international art project launched by the Hungarian Inconnu Group in 1986.
The occasion for the art competition, announced in the August 14 issue of The New York Review of Books, was to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the 1956 revolution in Hungary and was sponsored by Timothy Garton Ash, Danilo Kis, George Konrad, and Susan Sontag. The artworks were meant to be exhibited and then auctioned to raise funds for the illegally working civil organization Foundation for the Poor (SZETA).
The authorities, mandated by the regime to suppress the memory and even the mention of the revolution, did everything to make the exhibition impossible: they threatened the members of Inconnu and made sure that the mailed art pieces never reach their destination. For instance, the works of Joseph Dobay, Jo Siddens, and Iris Stocubridge are known to have disappeared.
In December 1986, some of the artworks sent in to the competition were lost to the Hungarian police when they raided the flat of Jenő Nagy, a samizdat publisher.
Finally, on January 28, 1987, just a few hours before the opening of the exhibition, the police raided the downtown home-turned-gallery and confiscated the 39 items of the show. Nevertheless, the opening was held, speeches were delivered and instead of art, the public could see on the walls the minutes of the raid and the receipts for the pieces taken away.
The authorities later decided that the objects did not meet the standards of public taste in terms of design and material, had no financial value therefore cannot be put on the market, and shredded them. Ironically, before shredding the works, the police photographed each of them and archived the set of photographs, thus themselves created a full copy of the exhibition they destroyed.
What other remains from this banned and annihilated exhibition are the catalogs and a voice recording of an Inconnu member reading the names of the exhibiting artists – including Mária Antalffy, Péter Bokros, Attila Dócs, Glenn Helm, Ágnes Háy, Jessica Douglas, Jo Siddens, Judith Roberts, Csaba Kiss, Tamás Molnár, Gáspár Nagy, Norman Rubington, Niki van Osten, Sophie Rivera, Imre Szőke, Zsigmond Vörös – from Hungary, Britain, the US, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia, the titles of the works as well as the auction put-up price.
# Naryshkin

Naryshkin (Russian: Нарышкин) is a Russian masculine surname, and its feminine counterpart is Naryshkina. The name may refer to:
* Members of the noble Naryshkin family, including:
** Kirill Naryshkin (1623–1691), Russian boyar and maternal grandfather of Peter the Great
** Natalya Naryshkina (1651–1694), Tsaritsa of Russia and mother of Peter the Great
** Aleksandr Naryshkin (1760–1826), Russian statesman
** Maria Naryshkina (1779–1854), mistress of Alexander I of Russia
* Sergey Naryshkin (born 1954), Russian politician
# Three Village Historical Society

Three Village Historical Society is a historical society headquartered in East Setauket, New York, that preserves the history of the villages of Old Field, Poquott, the Setaukets, and Stony Brook. The society educates visitors about local history through events, walking tours, and educational programs.
The society had great success with an exhibition about the area's Culper Spy Ring during the American Revolution. The television show Turn: Washington's Spies led to major interest among the public with attendance more than doubling since the AMC show's debut.
In 2016, the society presented an exhibition about Chicken Hill, a historic mixed-race enclave that was destroyed by urban development in the 1960s. Currently, there is a movement to save another historic mixed-race community: Bethel-Christian Avenue-Laurel Hill Historical District.
# Methylobacterium aquaticum

Methylobacterium aquaticum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.
# Tiomolibdic acid

Tiomolibdic acid (trade name Decuprate) is a chelating agent under investigation for the treatment of cancer and of Wilson's disease, a rare and potentially fatal disease in which the body cannot regulate copper. It is developed by Wilson Therapeutics and used in form of the salt bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate.
Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that is manifested by serious hepatic, neurologic or psychiatric symptoms. The disease is fatal if left untreated. It is estimated that 1 individual in every 30,000 to 100,000 worldwide has Wilson's disease.
Bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate has been evaluated in clinical trials in patients with various forms of cancer and has received orphan designation in the US and EU as a potential therapy against Wilson's disease.

## Pharmacology
### Mechanism of action

Tiomolibdic acid selectively forms highly stable complexes with copper and proteins. These complexes are then believed to be primarily excreted via the bile, restoring the normal excretion route of copper that is impaired in patients with Wilson's disease.
The binding and excretion mechanism is stable; whereas many de-coppering agents form unstable complexes that are excreted via urine.

## Clinical trials

As of November 2014, a Phase 2, multi-centre, open-label study was recruiting newly diagnosed Wilson's disease patients 18 and older to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate administration over a 24-week period.
As of 2016, tetrathiomolybdate had been tested in over 500 patients for up to seven years, primarily in oncology and Wilson's disease, as well as some other clinical pathologies.
The data suggest that bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate can rapidly lower and control toxic free copper levels and improve clinical symptoms in Wilson's disease patients. The data also suggest that it is generally well tolerated, with the potential for a reduced risk of neurological worsening after initiation of therapy compared to existing therapies.

## Dosing

Previous clinical studies with bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate in oncology patients have shown that it can lower and maintain copper levels using a once or twice daily oral dosing. This may be helpful since untreated Wilson's disease may lead to death within several years of the onset of symptoms, and medication use should continue throughout the patient's lifespan. Patient compliance is crucial for clinical improvement, and it is a particular challenge for Wilson's disease patients taking de-coppering treatments.

## Society and culture
### Names

Tiomolibdic acid is the recommended International nonproprietary name (INN).
# Gray tree rat

The gray tree rat (Lenothrix canus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. only species in the genus Lenothrix. It is found in forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. A common species, the IUCN has rated it as being of "least concern".

## Taxonomy

The gray tree rat was first described by the American zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. as Lenothrix canus in 1903. Molecular data suggests that it is closely related to the white-bellied rats Niviventer, but is widely diverged from Maxomys, and its phylogenetic affinities are unclear. It has many primitive morphological, cranial and dental features and may have diverged from the core murine lineage at an early stage.

## Description

Head-and-body length is 165 to 220 mm (6 to 9 in) and tail length is 190 to 270 mm (7 to 11 in). The fur is dense and woolly and free from spines. The head and back are grayish brown or gray and the underparts are white or buffish white. The tail is dark at the base and white near the tip. The hind feet are broad and have claws on all the digits.(

## Distribution

The species is native to Indonesia and Malaysia. Its range includes peninsular Malaysia, Penang Island and Tuangku Island, and the states of Sabah, Sarawak and Kalimantan in Borneo. That it has not been recorded from Brunei is probably the result of insufficient sampling rather than its absence from that state. It is an arboreal rodent, inhabiting all kinds of wooded habitats at altitudes of up to 550 m (1,800 ft).

## Ecology

The gray tree rat is nocturnal and spends most of its time in trees and bushes, feeding mainly on fruit.

## Status

L. canus is a common species, tolerant of disturbance to its habitat and able to live in secondary forest and rubber plantations. It is present in several protected areas including Gunung Palung National Park and Mount Kinabalu National Park. No particular threats have been recognised and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
# Joseph Farrell

Joseph Farrell may refer to:
* Joseph Farrell (politician) (1905–1999), Irish Fianna Fáil politician
* Joseph Farrell (priest) (1873–1960), Irish-American Roman Catholic priest
# Tor Erling Staff

Tor Erling Staff (22 February 1933 – 22 July 2018) was a Norwegian criminal defense lawyer. He was particularly known for taking controversial cases.
Staff was born in Oslo. As a student he chaired the Norwegian Students' Society in Oslo in the spring of 1956, graduating with the cand.jur. degree in 1958. He started working for barrister Olaf Trampe Kindt and for stipendiary magistrate Christian Bernt Apenes. He continued his studies in the United States. From 1967 he worked as a lawyer in Oslo and at the Supreme Court.
# Bayóvar mine

The Bayóvar mine is a large mine in the Sechura Desert in the Piura Region of Peru. Bayóvar represents one of the largest phosphate reserves in Peru, having estimated reserves of 238 megatonnes (234,000,000 long tons; 262,000,000 short tons) of ore. Annual production can reach 3.9 Mt (3,800,000 long tons; 4,300,000 short tons) of phosphate concentrate at a minimum grade of 29% P$_2$O$_5$.
# Bayındır, Aksaray

Bayındır is a village in the Aksaray District, Aksaray Province, Turkey. Its population is 42 (2021).
# SS Empire Airman (1941)

Empire Airman was a 9,813 ton tanker that was built in 1941. She was renamed San Wenceslao in 1946 and served until 1959 when she was scrapped.

## Description

The ship was 484 feet 0 inches (147.52 m) long, with a beam of 68 feet 3 inches (20.80 m) and a depth of 36 feet 1 inch (11.00 m). She was propelled by a 674 hp (503 kW) triple expansion steam engine that was built by the North East Marine Engineering Co (1938) Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. It could propel the ship at 14 knots (26 km/h).

## History

Empire Airman was built by Sir J. Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland as yard number 739. She was launched on 18 November 1941 and completed in January 1942. Empire Airman was owned by the Ministry of War Transport and operated under the management of the Eagle Oil and Shipping Company.

## War service

Empire Airman was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War.

### HX 178

Convoy HX 178 sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia on 3 March 1942 and reached Liverpool on 17 March.

### SL 112

Convoy SL 112 sailed from Freetown on 4 June 1942 and reached Liverpool on 23 June. Empire Airman joined the convoy at sea, being en route from Aruba to Belfast laden with oil and motor spirit.

### TAG 19

Convoy TAG 19 sailed from Aruba on 6 November 1942, arriving at Guantanamo on 11 November 1942.

### KMS 4

Convoy KMS 5 sailed from the Clyde on 11 December 1942, and reached Gibraltar on 24 December and Bone on 27 December.

### MKS 16A

Convoy MKS 16A sailed from Tripoli on 29 June 1943 and reached Gibraltar on 6 July.
From 1944 Empire Airman was under charter to an American oil company to carry aviation fuel. She operated between Williamstown on the Yarra River and various Pacific islands, including New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

## Post war service

In 1945, Empire Airman was sold to her operators, who renamed her San Wenceslao. She served for thirteen years and arrived for scrapping in Hong Kong on 20 July 1959.

## Official number and code letters

Official numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.
Empire Airman had the Official Number 169009 on Lloyd's Register and used the Code Letters BCWX
# SS Empire Adur

SS Empire Adur was a 1,479 ton steamship which was built in 1920 as the Griffdu. She was renamed Noyo in 1935 and in 1940 was sold to Thailand, being renamed Nang Suang Nawa, being seized in 1942 and renamed Empire Adur. She was sold to Thailand in 1948, reverting to Nang Suang Nawa and was lost at sea in 1955 while being towed to Hong Kong for scrapping.

## History

Griffdu was built by J. F. Duthie & Company, Seattle, Washington. She was the 37th and last ship built by Duthie. Griffdu was launched on 20 September 1920, and completed the following month. Her original owner was the Universal Steamship & Barge Co, Seattle. In 1925, Griffdu was sold to The Charles Nelson Co, San Francisco, serving with them for ten years. In 1935, Griffdu was sold to the Union Lumber Co, San Francisco, who renamed her Noyo. She served for five years before being sold to the Thai Niyom Panich Co, (Thai Navigation Co Ltd) Bangkok, who reflagged her and renamed her Nang Suang Nawa. In 1942, Nang Suang Nawa was seized, and passed to the Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Adur. She was placed under the management of the Singapore Straits Steamship Company.
Empire Adur was not a popular member of convoys due to the condition of her boilers, and the fact that she would belch black smoke and flames from her funnel. The convoy escorts threatened to ask Empire Adur to leave the convoy or sink her. Another of her faults was that the nut holding the steering wheel on often came loose, with the result that the wheel came off in the helmsman's hands.
Empire Adur joined Convoy KMS 21 at Gibraltar on 29 July 1943, arriving at Port Said on 9 August. Empire Adur had a final destination of Tripoli and Alexandria.
In 1948, Empire Adur was sold to the Thai Maritime Navigation Co, Bangkok and regained her former name of Nang Suang Nawa. She served for a further seven years but went missing under tow by the Philippines registered tug Albacore to Hong Kong for scrapping. Both vessels were presumed lost. Her last reported position was north of the Paracel Islands at 17°56′N 113°45′E﻿ / ﻿17.933°N 113.750°E﻿ / 17.933; 113.750 on 23 November 1955.

## Official number and code letters

Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.
Griffdu and Noyo had the US Official Number 220755. Nang Suang Nawa and Empire Adur had the UK Official Number 166215.
Griffdu and Noyo used the Code Letters KJLP. Nang Suang Nawa used the Code Letters VSTP. Empire Adur used the Code Letters BFBW.
# Gregory R. Dahlberg

Gregory Robert Dahlberg (born November 23, 1951) was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 2000 to 2001.

## Biography

Gregory R. Dahlberg was raised in the Minneapolis – Saint Paul area. After high school, he attended Luther College in Decorah, Iowa, receiving a B.A. in Business Administration and Political Science in 1973. He then attended the American University in Washington, D.C., receiving an M.P.A. in 1976.
After graduating, Dahlberg took a job with the United States Department of Transportation in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Budget and Program, with his work focusing on highway construction and budget and finance issues related to transportation. In 1981, he joined the staff of the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, a subcommittee of the United States House Committee on Appropriations; there, he worked on the budgets of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Amtrak, Conrail, and the United States Coast Guard. In 1990, he joined the staff of the full Appropriations Committee. During the debate over the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (in which George H. W. Bush reneged on his campaign promise "Read my lips: no new taxes"), Dahlberg helped author the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. While on the staff of the House Appropriations Committee, he also worked on the FDA Fast Track Development Program, and the special financing structure of Operation Desert Storm. In 1995, he became the Democratic Staff Director of the United States House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense, in which capacity he was involved in all negotiations related to the budget of the United States Department of Defense.
In 2000, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated Dahlberg as United States Under Secretary of the Army and he subsequently held this post from May 23, 2000 to March 4, 2001. He was Acting United States Secretary of the Army from January 20, 2001 to March 4, 2001.
Since leaving the United States Department of the Army in 2001, Dahlberg worked for Lockheed Martin as Senior Vice President, Strategic Enterprises, retiring in August 2015. He works as an independent consultant.
# Gregory R. Hancock

Gregory Robert Hancock (born April 18, 1963 in Seattle, Washington, USA) is a Professor of Measurement, Statistics and Evaluation. He is the current University of Maryland head of the Educational Department of Measurement and Statistics (EDMS) program. Hancock also co-hosts the podcast Quantitude, which focuses on quantitative methodology, with fellow statistician Patrick J. Curran.
# Greg Hewett

Greg Hewett (born 15 May, 1958) is an American poet and professor. He has been awarded several fellowships and awards for his work, including the Thom Gunn Award.

## Biography

Hewett earned his Bachelor of Arts degree at Binghamton University, his MA at the University of California–Davis, and his Doctorate of Arts at University at Albany, SUNY.
Hewett teaches English and creative writing at Carleton College. He has served on the board of Quatrefoil Library. He has also lived in Japan and France.

## Awards

Hewett was a Fulbright fellow in Denmark and Norway, as well as at the Camargo Foundation in Provence.
In 2003, Hewett won the Publishing Triangle Thom Gunn Award for his 2002 collection Red Suburb. The Eros Conspiracy was a finalist in 2007. darkacre was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry in 2011.
In 2018, he was named the O'Brien Poet at the University of Southern Maine.
His books have been nominated for the Minnesota Book Awards twice.
# S500

S500 may refer to :
* S-500 missile system, a Russian surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system
* S500, several Mercedes-Benz S-Class car models
* Acer CloudMobile S500, a 2012 mobile phone model
* BenQ S500, a 2005 mobile phone
* Canon PowerShot S500, a camera
* Fengxing S500, a car
* Honda S500, a 1963 car
* S500, a Nikon Coolpix series camera
* Sony Cyber-shot DSC-S500, a camera
* Sony Ericsson S500, a 2007 mobile phone model
* Yamaha PSR-S500, a portable music keyboard
# Jopp

Jopp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* James Jopp, provost of Aberdeen
* Patrick Jopp (born 1962), Swiss archer
* Victor Jopp (1887–1965), Canadian ice hockey player