OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cape Chaunar

Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape "no" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this.

## History

The thirteenth-century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as far as Cape Non before being lost at sea. It was named Cabo do Não ("Cape No") by Portuguese mariners during the fifteenth century, being considered the impassable limit for Arab and European sailors, the non plus ultra beyond which no navigation could occur. This was due to the cape running far out into the sea, causing it to break and appear dangerous. "Quem o passa tornará ou não" (whoever passes it will make it or not), wrote Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto in his book Navigazione. Starting in 1417, exploratory vessels were sent by Prince Henry the Navigator, managing to cross Cape Non and reaching Cape Bojador, then considered the southern limit of the world, stretching into the "dark sea" (Latin Mare Tenebrarum, Mare Tenebrosum or Bahr al-Zulumat in Arabic), the medieval name for the southern Atlantic Ocean, inaccessible to the sailors of the time.
# ATNAA

An ATNAA (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Autoinjector) is any of a variety of autoinjectors in use with the US Armed Forces. An autoinjector is a medical device designed to deliver a single dose of a particular (typically life-saving) drug.
Most autoinjectors are spring-loaded syringes. By design, autoinjectors are easy to use and are intended for self-administration by patients. The site of injection depends on the drug loaded, but it typically is administered into the thigh or the buttocks. The injectors were initially designed to overcome the hesitation associated with self-administration of the needle-based drug delivery device. It is the newer delivery vehicle to be used in lieu of the Mark I NAAK.

## Purpose

The ATNAA provides atropine and pralidoxime chloride in a single delivery system, although the two drugs are separate within the device. The use of the device is only to be administered in the extreme case of organophosphate poisoning. The delivery system is designed for use by military personnel only, and is only issued to DOD personnel that are considered to be in immediate danger of a chemical attack or work in a position (such as ordnance disposal) where there is a high likelihood of nerve agent exposure.

## FDA approval

During initial trials and submission to the FDA for approval, the United States Department of Defense requested that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) waive the requirement for the phrase 'Rx only' being included on the labeling for the ATNAA device; the rationale being that it would be confusing to troops. The waiver request was denied. The DoD opted to include the phrase at the end of the package insert instead, and this modification was found acceptable.

## Training

As a condition of approval, the FDA lists on the device label the precise instructions that are to be given to military personnel on dosage and administration. While each branch of the DoD typically provides their own tailored training, an example of the MK I NAAK and ATNAA are referenced in the United States Air Force Self Aid Buddy Care Training (SABC). SABC encompasses basic life support and limb-saving techniques to help wounded or injured personnel survive in medical emergencies until medical help is available.
# Château d'Arques

The Château d'Arques (Languedocien: Castèl d’Arcas) is a ruined 14th-century castle in the commune of Arques in the Aude département of France. It is one of the so-called Cathar castles.

## History

In the 12th century, there was a conflict between the viscount of Carcassonne and several seigneurs, including Arques and Lagrasse. The estates at Arques became the property of the seigneurs of Termes.
In 1217, Béranger d'Arques was one of the associates of Guillaume de Peyrepertuse.
In 1210, after the defeat of the Château de Termes during the Albigensian Crusade, Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, attacked Arques. After having burned the village (Villa de Arquis), situated on the banks of the Rialsès, he gave this part of Razès to one of his lieutenants, Pierre de Voisins.
In 1284, Gilles de Voisins began work on building a castle, with the intention of defending the Rialsès valley and controlling the transhumance routes leading to the Corbières Massif.
In 1316, Gilles II de Voisins, known as "Gilet", altered and completed the castle.
In 1518, Françoise de Voisins, the last of the Voisins, married Jean de Joyeuse who took the barony of Arques. The castle was abandoned in favour of Couiza.
In 1575, the castle was besieged by Protestants and only the keep managed to resist the assault.
By the start of the French Revolution the castle had fallen into ruin. It was sold as a national asset and subsequently suffered severe damage.

## Architecture

The castle consists of an enceinte and a high square keep with four turrets. It was built after Albigensian Crusade of the 13th century on lands given to Pierre de Voisins, one of Simon de Montfort's lieutenants.
The almost square enceinte (51m by 55m) encircles the castle with a gateway furnished with machicolation and surmounted with a keystone bearing the arms of the Voisin family ("De gueules à trois fusées d'or en fasce, accompagnées en chef d'un lambel à quatre pendant de même"). Numerous buildings must have existed the length of the enceinte. Two well-preserved residential towers remain.
The square keep, 25 m high, is a work of military architecture inspired by castles in the Ile de France. It has four levels served by a spiral staircase. The various rooms were constructed with extreme care. The top floor was given over to defence of the castle. Forty soldiers could defend it thanks to numerous murder holes and rectangular bays set symmetrically into the walls.
It is a good example of the progress in military construction in a strategically important region.

## Today

The castle is owned partly by the commune and partly privately. It has been listed since 1887 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. It has been renovated and, in part, reconstructed. It is open to visitors.
# Clinton Park (Portland, Oregon)

Clinton Park is a 12.14-acre (4.91 ha) public park in Portland, Oregon's South Tabor neighborhood, in the United States. The space was acquired in 1948.
# Cattewater

The city of Plymouth, Devon, England is bounded by Dartmoor to the north, the Hamoaze to the west, the open expanse of water called Plymouth Sound to the south and the river Plym to the east.
The Cattewater is that stretch of water where the mouth of the river Plym merges with Plymouth Sound, just to the east of Sutton Pool. It is around this Pool that the manor of Sutton started, which grew to form the present day city. On the northern shore of this confluence of waters there was a rock outcrop, which it was claimed, had the appearance of a cat. This gave its name to this stretch of water and eventually the name of Cattedown to the adjoining wharves and commercial area. Apart from an occasional small oil tanker the area is now used mostly by fishing trawlers, yachts, and smaller pleasure craft. There is a water taxi across it from the Mayflower Steps on Plymouth Barbican to Mount Batten and also Oreston both on the southern bank.
The spelling 'Cattewater' is not old or consistent. Local sources and texts together with early maps and drawings refer to the opening of the estuary variously as Catwater, Cat Water and Catt Water. Internet search engines throw up other versions.
# T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (WHO 2008),$^{:219}$ previously labeled precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (WHO 2001)$^{:219}$ is a form of lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma in which too many T-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood, bone marrow, and tissues, particularly mediastinal lymph nodes.$^{:635}$ Labeling as leukemia or lymphoma depends on which feature is more pronounced in a given situation, but has no biological or treatment implication.$^{:635}$
It is uncommon in adults, but represents 15% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 90% of lymphoblastic lymphoma.$^{:635}$
The 2008 terminology dropped "precursor" to avoid linguistic redundancy because the lymphoblast is an immature precursor cell by definition.$^{:219}$
# Murchad Ua Flaithbertaig

Murchad Ua Flaithbertaig was Bishop of Annaghdown c. 1202-1241.
Ua Flaithbertaig was a member of that branch of the Muintir Murchada who took the surname Ó Flaithbheartaigh. His family were originally native to the Diocese of Annaghdown before been expelled by the Kings of Connacht and the de Burgh Earls of Ulster. Nothing particular appears to be known of Murchad's term, though he is credited with the construct (or restoration) of a round tower at Annaghdown in 1238, the last ever to be raised in Ireland.
# Enneapterygius tutuilae

Enneapterygius tutuilae, known commonly as the high-hat triplefin or rosy cheek threefin, is a species of triplefin blenny in the genus Enneapterygius. It was described by David Starr Jordan and Alvin Seale in 1906. This species occurs from the eastern Indian Ocean around the Cocos (Keeling) Islands east to French Polynesia. Its specific name refers to the Samoan island of Tutuila where the type was collected.
# Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Football Club

Founded in 2006, the Mendocino Steam Donkey Rugby Football Club is the first official Northern California Rugby Football Union team in the Mendocino County. Based in Ukiah, California, the team is county-wide.

## Competitions

The men's side competes seasonally in Division III of the Northern California Rugby Football Union (NCRFU), a division of USA Rugby. Each year the Steam Donkeys play twelve matches in the division III northern California league against Redding, Humboldt County, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, Napa, and Yreka.

## Club Logo

The Steam Donkey moniker is based on a steam-powered winch, or logging engine, as a tribute to the logging history of Mendocino County. It also conveys the hard-hitting style of play the club is known for.

## History

Founded in 2005, the Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Club started with only eight players. Outside of a few veteran players, many new players did not even know the basic rules of rugby, but with several practices devoted to the intricacies of the sport, that soon changed. Over the years, word about the club spread around the county, sparking interest and bringing players not only from Ukiah, which is the main hub of the club, but from outlying communities as well, from Potter Valley to Willits, Boonville to Hopland, Fort Bragg and Mendocino, stretching as far as Lake County. The Mendocino Steam Donkeys Rugby Club played their first game in 2006.

## Community outreach

The club is known for community engagement - especially working with children. In 2013, the club partnered with the Mendocino County Library, to promote children's literacy through "Rugby Reads" where the players read to children. Also in 2013, the club collected toys for underprivileged children donating them to the Ukiah Valley Christmas Effort as part of a coalition with service club, the Active 20-30 Club of Ukiah, and roller derby teams Mendo Mayhem and Deep Valley Belligerents.
# Mladenovac railway station

Mladenovac railway station is a railway station on Belgrade–Niš railway. It is located in Mladenovac, Belgrade, Serbia. The railroad continues to Kovačevac in one direction and to Sopot Kosmajski in the other. Mladenovac railway station consists of six railway tracks.
# CJTB-FM

CJTB-FM is a French language community radio station that operates at 93.1 MHz (FM) in Tête-à-la-Baleine, Quebec, Canada.
Owned by Radio communautaire Tête-à-la-Baleine, the station received CRTC approval in 2003.
The station is a member of the Association des radiodiffuseurs communautaires du Québec.
# Jiang Liyin

Jiang Liyin (Chinese: 江礼银; 1933 – September 25, 1993) is a Chinese Communist politician and revolutionary agitator, who was a prominent member of the Fujian provincial leadership during the Cultural Revolution. He was later disgraced and expelled from the Chinese Communist Party for his activities during the Cultural Revolution.

## Biography

Born Jiang Hui (江辉) in Minhou County, Fujian province, Jiang joined the Communist Party in March 1960, and had completed middle school education. He began working in the railways bureau in Hangzhou in 1956, then was transferred back to his native Fuzhou to work in the local railway bureau. In 1966, he participated in the Cultural Revolution and became a member of the organizing committee of the Revolutionary Committee of Fujian province. In May 1968, he became the deputy head of the Revolutionary Committee of the Fuzhou Railway Bureau. In August, he was named a member of the Fujian Revolutionary Committee and the "worker's propaganda chief" to the Fujian Medical College. In February 1975 he was named a Standing Committee member and secretary of the Party Committee of Fujian.
After the prominent leftists of the Cultural Revolution were put on trial and purged, Jiang was also disgraced and demoted; In April 1979, he was sent down to Pucheng County to serve as a mere county-level deputy head. In July 1980, he was returned to work in the railways bureau in Xiangfan. In January 1985, due to his involvement in the Cultural Revolution, Jiang was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party and removed from his posts. In March 1985, he began working as an ordinary inspection officer in the railways bureau.
Jiang was a member of the 9th, 10th, and 11th Central Committees of the Chinese Communist Party. He died in Fuzhou in 1993.
# Church of St Leonard at the Hythe, Colchester

The Church of St Leonard at the Hythe is a redundant Anglican church in Hythe, Colchester, Essex, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. The church stands on the north side of Hythe Hill, in the Hythe area of Colchester.
For many years St Leonard's served as the church of the port of Colchester. Its earliest fabric dates from the 14th century. Additions and alterations were made in the following century, and the hammerbeam roof of the nave dates from the early 16th century. During the Siege of Colchester in the Civil War, Royalist soldiers took refuge in the church. Bullet holes from this incident survive in the door. In the earthquake of 1884 the tower was damaged and its top stage was replaced.
The screens and furnishings date from the 19th and 20th centuries. Over the chancel arch is a mural dated 1901. Stained glass windows depict various saints. Over the centuries the church has required repeated restoration due to subsidence, or to inadequacies in the earlier construction.
# A8

A8, A08, A 8 or A-8 may refer to:

## Electronics

* ARM Cortex-A8, a processor used in mobile devices
* Apple A8, a 64-bit system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc.
* AMD A8, an AMD APU
* Samsung Galaxy A8, various smartphones
* Atari 8-bit computers, a series of 8-bit home computers

## Military

* Curtiss A-8, a United States attack aircraft used in the 1930s
* General Dynamics Model 100, a development project which may have entered service as the A-8A
* A8, the military staff designation in the continental staff system for air force headquarters staff concerned with finance
* A8, a model of German Aggregate Series Rocket from World War II
* A 8, a Swedish artillery regiment

## Transport, vehicles and vessels

* Arrows A8, a 1985 British racing car
* Audi A8, a flagship full-sized luxury sedan
* HMS A8, an A-class submarine of Britain's Royal Navy
* LNER Class A8, a British 4-6-2T steam locomotive class

### Air transport

* Curtiss A-8, a United States attack aircraft used in the 1930s
* A08, the FAA Location Identifier for Vaiden Field
* A8, the aircraft registration prefix for Liberia
* A8, the IATA code for Benin Golf Air airlines

## Other uses

* A8 (classification), an amputee sport classification
* ATC code A08 Antiobesity preparations, excluding diet products, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
* A08, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code for Réti Opening
* A8, in the aquatic communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system
* A8, an ISO 216 international standard paper size
* A8 road, in several countries
* Subfamily A8, in the rhodopsin-like receptors subfamily of proteins
* The A8 countries, short for "accession eight", the ex-communist European countries that acceded to the EU in 2004
* Asphalt 8, a Gameloft mobile racing game
# Launoy

Launoy can mean:
* Launoy, Aisne, commune in the Aisne department, France
* People:
** Jean de Launoy (1603-1678), a French historian
** Christian de Launoy, a French naturalist, alive in 1783
# Château de Berthier

The Château de Berthier is a castle in the commune of Pinsaguel in the Haute-Garonne département of France. The castle's origins are in the 13th century, with major building work also in the 14th and 18th centuries.
Privately owned, the castle and its farm have been listed since 1941 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
# Enantiomer self-disproportionation

Enantiomer self-disproportionation is a process in stereochemistry describing the separation of a non-racemic mixture of enantiomers in an enantioenriched fraction and a more racemic fraction as a result of the formation of heterochiral or homochiral aggregates. This process is known to occur in achiral column chromatography.
The phenomenon was first reported in 1983 in the separation of an excess of carbon-14 labeled (S)-(−)-nicotine enantiomer and its isomer. Two fractions were recorded, one containing racemic nicotine and the other pure (S) enantiomer.
In 2006, Vadim A. Soloshonok introduced the term Enantiomer self-disproportionation or self-disproportionation of enantiomers. He investigated achiral separations of several trifluoromethyl compounds.
By column chromatography on regular silica gel with a hexane / ethyl acetate eluent (5:1), a 66.6% ee sample of a trifluoromethyl substrate is separated into several fractions ranging from 8.1% ee for the first fraction collected to > 99.9% ee for the last fraction collected. A presence of a strong electronegative group in the substrate such as the trifluoromethyl group is a prerequisite. The effect disappears when a more polar eluent is selected. A possible explanation is offered. Compounds with large electronegative groups such as trifluoromethyl can form supramolecular associations or aggregates or clusters in which these groups are separated from each other as much as possible with minimized electrostatic repulsions. When these associations are stacks of alternating (R) and (S) molecules (as in syndiotactic polymers) this can be accomplished very efficiently. This association will form a racemic fraction of relatively high molecular weight eluting more slowly than the non-associating enantiopure fraction.
# St. John's Block Commercial Exchange

St. John's Block Commercial Exchange is a Richardsonian Romanesque building in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It is a five-story brick and ashlar building, built during 1890–1891. It is smaller than one acre. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1982.
It was included in a 1981 study of Downtown Grand Forks historical resources that led to a large number of NRHP listings.
# Szydłowiec Town Hall

Szydłowiec Town Hall is a late Renaissance building that is the seat of the mayor and local government administration of Szydłowiec.

## Function

The town hall is the seat of the Mayor and The Town Council administration.

## History

In the centre of typical medieval town square of Szydłowiec there is a late Renaissance town hall built in 1602–1629. It is counted among the most impressive and precious monuments of Burgher architecture in Poland. Its silhouette resembles to some degree the town hall of Sandomierz, but makes a grander impression. Its noble figure makes the town hall the most characteristic landmark of the town.
In front of the town hall's façade there is the town's historical pillory. It goes back to the first half of the 17th century. Szydłowiec's pillory is a unique monument of the kind in Poland.

## Sources

* Łoziński, J. Z. and Wolff, B., eds. (1961). Katalog Zabytków Sztuki w Polsce. Vol. 3. Warsaw: E. Krygier, J. Z. Łoziński.
* Słomińska-Paprocka, D. (2009). Powiat szydłowiecki w województwie mazowieckim. Szydłowiec.
* "Ratusz (Town hall)". (2015). Szydlowiec.pl. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
* "Ratusz (Town hall)". (2020). Zabytek.pl. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
* "Ratusz w Szydłowcu". (2013). Infoturystyka.pl. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
51°13′26″N 20°51′24″E﻿ / ﻿51.223889°N 20.856667°E﻿ / 51.223889; 20.856667
* This article about a Polish building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
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# Southwold, Ontario

Southwold is a township in Elgin County, in Ontario, Canada, located on the north shore of Lake Erie. It is a rich agricultural zone producing predominantly corn and soybeans. It is part of the London census metropolitan area.

## History

The Southwold Earthworks is located in the township. It is an example of a pre-contact site associated with the indigenous Neutral people. The period of Neutral occupation is dated to approximately 1450–1550. It was designated as a National Historic Site in 1923.
Southwold was named in 1792 after Southwold in Suffolk, England. The municipality was incorporated in 1852.
Shedden's growth occurred when the Canada Southern Railway was built, bypassing Fingal. Later it was joined by the Pere Marquette railway, boosting Shedden's importance further still. Both railways are now defunct. Talbotville is situated at the intersection of highways 3 & 4, two of the oldest roads in the region.

## Economy

The township is home to the Green Lane Landfill, a large garbage dump site purchased by the City of Toronto in 2007. Toronto began shipping waste to the site in 2010. Southwold was also home of the Ford St. Thomas Assembly plant until its closure in 2011.

## Communities

* Fingal
* Iona
* Iona Station
* Paynes Mills
* Shedden
* Talbotville Royal

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Southwold had a population of 4,851 living in 1,713 of its 1,760 total private dwellings, a change of 9.7% from its 2016 population of 4,421. With a land area of 301.38 km$^2$ (116.36 sq mi), it had a population density of 16.1/km$^2$ (41.7/sq mi) in 2021.