OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chris Griffiths (dermatologist)

Christopher Ernest Maitland Griffiths OBE (born June 1954) is Foundation Professor of Dermatology at the University of Manchester, Director of the Manchester Centre for Dermatology Research, and Head of the Dermatology Theme of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. He is an Honorary Consultant Dermatologist at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust.
Griffiths graduated with a first-class degree in Anatomy from St Thomas's Hospital Medical School in 1976 and completed an MBBS in Medicine in 1979. He trained in Dermatology at St Mary's Hospital, London, where he was a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Training Fellow from 1985 to 1987. In 1987 he became a research fellow in Dermatology at the University of Michigan, becoming an Assistant Professor from 1989 to 1993. He founded the Manchester Dermatopharmacology Unit and the Manchester Psoriasis Service in 1994, and co-founded the International Psoriasis Council in 2004. He was President of the British Association of Dermatologists from 2004 to 2005.
He is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences and an elected Member of Academia Europaea. He was awarded the Sir Archibald Gray Medal for outstanding service to British Dermatology in 2015, and the Society of Cosmetic Scientists' Medal in 2016. He was made an OBE in the 2018 New Year Honours, for services to dermatology. He has an h-index of 113.
# Tephritis mixta

Tephritis mixta is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae. It is one of more than 200 species in the genus Tephritis.
# Michelle Fraley

Michelle Fraley (née Hernández) is a retired military officer and was the Superintendent of the Puerto Rico Police. Fraley is also the first Puerto Rican woman to graduate from West Point Military Academy and the first woman to hold the aforementioned post of superintendent. She is also the former chief of staff of the Army Network Enterprise Technology Command. Academically, Fraley holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts (M.A.) in International Relations and Affairs from Troy University, and a Ph.D. in organizational leadership from the University of Phoenix.
Fraley retired from the United States Army in 2014 after 30 years of service. Her final of six commanding posts before retiring was as commander of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Warrior Transition Brigade (WTB) in the National Capital Area. As she completed her final post, she was described as a "Wonder Woman" in dealing with wounded warriors that returned from the battlefront to assume other roles in the military or transition into private life.
After her retirement, she returned to her homeland of Puerto Rico. Upon her return, she was appointed as special assistant to the Superintendent of the Puerto Rico Police, leading the Strategic Initiative Group. In this capacity, Fraley was charged with analyzing the entire state police organization. After Ricardo Rosselló won the 2016 Puerto Rico general elections, Governor elect Roselló nominated her for Superintendent of the Puerto Rico Police. Fraley resigned on January 8, 2018.

## Military awards

* Defense Superior Service Medal
* Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster
* Defense Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters
* Meritorious Service Medal
* Joint Service Commendation Medal
* Army Commendation Medal with one oak leaf cluster
* Joint Service Achievement Medal
* National Defense Service Medal with one bronce Service star
* Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
* Kosovo Campaign Medal
* Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
* Armed Forces Service Medal
* Humanitarian Service Medal
* Army Service Ribbon
* NATO Medal (Yugoslavia)
* NATO Medal (Kosovo)
* Joint Meritorious Unit Award
* Army Meritorious Unit Commendation
* Army Superior Unit Award
Badges:
* Parachutist badge
# Holy Intercession Church, Dovsk

Dovsk Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was built in 1864. Prior to this, the nearest church was located in the village of Malashkovichi. In 1860 clergyman Anthony Yurkevich served here.
In 1860 the postal station was transferred from the village of Yamnoye to the village of Dovsk, and in the same year a church burned down in the village of Malashkovichi.
After the uprising of 1863–1864, the federal government financed the construction of Orthodox churches throughout Belarus. As part of this program, funds were allocated for the construction of a new temple in Malashkovichi, but natural forces decided to build it in Dovsk.
In 1935, the church was closed and used for economic purposes. Within the walls of the building there was a warehouse, a shop, a restaurant.
In July 1990, it was transferred by the district executive committee to the Orthodox community. Now the church has a Sunday school and a library.
This temple is a monument of pseudo-classical architecture.

## Shrines

* A particle of the relics of the Orthodox John of Kormyansky.
* Gift icon of the twelfth feasts of the end of the 18th century
* Icon of the Savior from the burnt church in Stary Krivsk
# Kepingaspis

Kepingaspis is an extinct genus of redlichiid trilobite that lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.
# Memorial Auditorium (Louisville, Kentucky)

Louisville Memorial Auditorium, located at 970 South Fourth Street, is a concert venue of Greek Revival design. It was dedicated on Memorial Day, May 30, 1929, as a memorial to the people of Louisville who served in World War I. In 1954, the ceiling was lowered and the side balconies were closed off reducing the seating capacity from 2,349 to 1,742 to improve the acoustics.
Memorial Auditorium is home of the world's largest Pilcher organ and the largest operating pipe organ in the region. The instrument is sometimes referred as an orchestral pipe organ, as it includes sounds such as a French Horn, Tuba, a Cor Anglais which you often see in a symphonic orchestra. The organ contains a Tibia, which would be recognized as a large flute, which are usually found in Theater Organs. This historic four-manual instrument with 5,288 pipes has been in operation since opening. The acoustic renovation all but completely closed off the pipe chambers from the renovated hall. It has been designated a landmark by the Louisville Metro Landmarks Commission and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Although it is now used mainly by organizations for recitals, graduations, etc., it hosted many rock concerts in the 1960s and 1970s, including The Rolling Stones, Chicago, Bruce Springsteen, and Kiss.
# Liberi (surname)

Liberi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dawn M. Liberi (born 1954), diplomat, international development expert, former US Ambassador to Burundi
* Marco Liberi (1640–1687), Italian painter of the Baroque period
* Pietro Liberi (1605–1687), Italian painter of the Baroque era
# 2022 Mexico City Open

The 2022 Mexico City Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Mexico City, Mexico between 4 and 10 April 2022.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ARG | Facundo Bagnis | 104 | 1 |
| ARG | Tomás Martín Etcheverry | 108 | 2 |
| USA | Stefan Kozlov | 120 | 3 |
| SVK | Andrej Martin | 128 | 4 |
| ARG | Juan Ignacio Londero | 130 | 5 |
| USA | Ernesto Escobedo | 133 | 6 |
| CHI | Nicolás Jarry | 142 | 7 |
| GBR | Jay Clarke | 168 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 21 March 2022.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Luis Carlos Álvarez
* Alex Hernández
* Nicolás Jarry
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:
* Viktor Durasovic
* Denis Istomin
* Peđa Krstin
* Bernard Tomic
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Mateus Alves
* Nicolás Barrientos
* Nick Chappell
* Elmar Ejupovic
* Gilbert Klier Júnior
* Keegan Smith

## Champions
### Singles

* Marc-Andrea Hüsler def. Tomás Martín Etcheverry 6–4, 6–2.

### Doubles

* Nicolás Jarry / Matheus Pucinelli de Almeida def. Jonathan Eysseric / Artem Sitak 6–2, 6–3.
# Choerodonicola

Choerodonicola is a genus of trematodes in the family Opecoelidae.

## Species

* Choerodonicola calotomi (Yamaguti, 1934) [emend. Yamaguti, 1938] Cribb, 2005
* Choerodonicola choerodontis (Yamaguti, 1934) [emend. Yamguti, 1938 [emend. Kuramochi, 2006]] Cribb, 2005
* Choerodonicola pacificus (Yamaguti, 1938) Cribb, 2005
* Choerodonicola renko Machida, 2014
# Yaarana (2015 film)

Yaarana (याराना | ਯਾਰਾਨਾ) is a Punjabi film directed by Ranbir Pushp. The film is produced by Sukhbir Sandhar and Ranjana Kent. The film stars Gavie Chahal, Geeta Zaildar, Yuvraj Hans, and Kashish Singh in the lead roles. The film was released on 24 April 2015.

## Plot

The film revolves around the common sport of football. Football is the one main thing that evokes the emotions of all kinds of people from the communities and colleges of Punjab. The film is set in the Bhai Gurdas Group of Institutes, which has the history and culture of being the best sports college in Punjab.

## Cast

* Gavie Chahal
* Geeta Zaildar
* Yuvraj Hans
* Yuvika Chaudhary
* Kashish Singh
* Rupali Sood
* Yashpal Sharma
* Dolly Minhas
* Puneet Issar

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack is composed by Gurmit Singh, Gurcharan Singh, and Manoj Nayan.
# Charles Earl Rickart

Charles Earl Rickart (1913 – 17 April 2002) was an American mathematician, known for Rickart spaces.
Rickart was born in Osage City, Kansas, and earned his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Kansas. In 1941, he received his PhD from the University of Michigan under Theophil Henry Hildebrandt with the thesis Integration in a Convex Linear Topological Space. Rickart was for two years the Benjamin Pierce Instructor at Harvard University. He joined the Yale mathematics faculty in 1943, served as chair of the department from 1959 to 1965, became the first Percey F. Smith Professor of Mathematics in 1963, and retired in 1983.
Rickart did research on Banach algebras and was the author of three books. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he was one of the pioneers in introducing the "new math" into American schools. His doctoral students include Samuel Merrill III.
He died in North Branford, Connecticut where he lived, survived by his wife, Annabel Erickson Rickart, three sons, and four grandchildren.

## Works

* General Theory of Banach Algebras. Princeton, N. J.: Van Nostrand. 1960.; revised edn. R. E. Krieger. 1974.
* Natural Function Algebras. Springer. 1979.
* Structuralism and Structures, A Mathematical Perspective. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 1995.
# Holy Intellect

Holy Intellect is the debut album by hip-hop group Poor Righteous Teachers, famous for its pro-Five-Percenter messages. It includes "Rock Dis Funky Joint", which sampled "Slippin' into Darkness" by War, a 1970s funk band.
The album is broken down track-by-track by Poor Righteous Teachers in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Washington Post stated that Poor Righteous Teachers "promote black unity, a 'knowledge of self', which, combined with swinging grooves, tasteful samples and swift rapping, makes for a funky, uplifting experience." The New York Times noted the "nimble, free-associative raps over riffs that change just often enough".
In 1998, the album was selected as one of The Source's "100 Best Rap Albums".

## Track listing

* All tracks produced by Tony D, except tracks 8 and 10 produced by Eric IQ Gray
| # | Title | Performer (s) |
| 1 | "Can I Start This?" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 2 | "Rock Dis Funky Joint" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 3 | "Strictly Ghetto" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 4 | "Holy Intellect" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 5 | "Shakiyla" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 6 | "Time to Say Peace" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 7 | "Style Dropped/Lessons Taught" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 8 | "Speaking Upon a Blackman" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 9 | "So Many Teachers" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 10 | "Word from the Wise" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 11 | "Butt Naked Booty Bless" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |
| 12 | "Poor Righteous Teachers" | Wise Intelligent, Culture Freedom |

## Charts
### Singles

| Year | Song | Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks | Hot Rap Singles |
| 1990 | "Rock Dis Funky Joint" | 17 | 4 |
| 1990 | "Holy Intellect" | 71 | 16 |
# Helicobacter trogontum

Helicobacter trogontum is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order. It was first isolated from rat intestine. It is Gram-negative, its cells are rod-shaped with pointed ends, and its protoplasmic cylinder is entwined with periplasmic fibers. It is microaerophilic. The type strain is LRB 8581 (= ATCC 700114).
# Chatham-Kent Municipal Council

The Chatham-Kent Municipal Council is the governing body of the Municipality of Chatham-Kent in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
The municipality is divided into six wards. Each ward elects a different number of members to council.

## Current members

Elected in the 2022 municipal election
| Position | Representative(s) |
| Mayor | Darrin Canniff |
| Ward 1 - West Kent | Lauren Anderson |
| Ward 1 - West Kent | Melissa Harrigan |
| Ward 2 - South Kent |
| Ward 2 - South Kent | Anthony Ceccacci |
| Ward 2 - South Kent | Ryan Doyle |
| Ward 2 - South Kent | Trevor Thompson |
| Ward 3 - East Kent | Steve Pinsonneault (until May 2024) |
| Ward 3 - East Kent | John Wright |
| Ward 4 - North Kent | Rhonda Jubenville |
| Ward 4 - North Kent | Jamie McGrail |
| Ward 5 - Wallaceburg | Aaron Hall |
| Ward 5 - Wallaceburg | Carmen McGregor |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Michael Bondy |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Marjorie Crew |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Amy Finn |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Conor Allin |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Brock McGregor |
| Ward 6 - Chatham | Alysson Storey |
| Reference: ||
# Memorial Best: Gift of Melodies

Memorial Best: Gift of Melodies is the third and the last greatest hits album by Japanese pop-rock band Field of View. It was released on 9 October 2002 on Zain Records, on the same day as their music video compilation "View Clips -Memorial Best-". The album includes their released singles and some unreleased songs. The "view" singles are not included. The album reached #19 in its first week and sold 12,000 copies. The album charted for 2 weeks and sold more than 16,000 copies. After the album's release and their last live performance, Field of View disbanded.

## Cover versions

Miho Komatsu covered Oozora he on her 6th album, Hanano and Kono Machi de Kimi to Kurashitai on her debut album, Nazo. Zard covered Last Good-bye on their last studio album, and Kimi to no Distance, Kimi ga Ita kara, Totsuzen and Dan Dan Kokoro Hikareteku on their 7th studio album, Today Is Another Day.

## Usage in media

* Kimi ga Ita Kara was used as the theme song for the Fuji TV drama "Kagayaku Kisetsu no Naka de".
* Totsuzen was used in a commercial for Pocari Sweat.
* Last Good-bye was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television drama "Discovery of the World's Mysteries".
* Dan Dan Kokoro Hikareteku was used as the opening theme for the anime series Dragon Ball GT.
* Doki was used in a commercial for All Nippon Airways as part of their "ANA's Paradise" promotion.
* Dreams was used as the theme song for the Nihon TV program "Natural Ai no Yukue".
* Kono Machi de Kimi to Kurashitai was used as the ending theme for the TV Asahi program "Chou Jigen Time Bomber".
* Kawaita Sakebi was used as the opening theme for the 1998 anime adaptation of Yu-Gi-Oh!.
* Meguru Kisetsu wo Koete was used as the ending theme for the Fuji TV program Unbelievable.
* Kimi wo Terasu Taiyou Ni was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program "Uwasa no! Tokyo Magazine".
* Aoi Kasa de was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program Kinniku Banzuke.
* Still was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program "Wonderful".
* Fuyu no Ballad was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program "Kokoro no Tobira".
* Beautiful day was used as the opening theme for the Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation program "Shuffle".
* Akikaze Monochrome was used as the ending theme for the Nihon TV program "Manekin"
* Melody was used as the ending theme for the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television program "COUNT DOWN TV Neo".
# Liberi tutti

Liberi tutti is a 2019 Italian television series written and directed by Giacomo Ciarrapico and Luca Vendruscolo.
Produced by Rai Fiction and Italian International Film, it was released on RaiPlay on 14 December 2019. The series aired on Rai 3 in May 2020.

## Cast
### Main cast

* Giorgio Tirabassi as Michele Venturi
* Anita Caprioli as Eleonora
* Thomas Trabacchi as Riccardo
* Valeria Bilello as Nicoletta
* Caterina Guzzanti as Martina
* Ludovica Martino as Chiara
* Massimo De Lorenzo as Giovanni
* Ugo Dighero as Mario
* Giordano De Plano as Lapo
* Rosanna Gentili as Iolde
* Lino Musella as Domenico
* Franco Pinelli as Pasquale
* Carlo De Ruggieri as Spy 1
* Luca Amorosino as Spy 2
* Andrea Roncato as JJ

### Guest cast

* Giulia Anchisi as Idea
* Emiliano Campagnola as Alberto
* Giulia Mombelli as Giulia
* Romana Maggiora Vergano as Valentina
* Maurizio Pepe as Marcus
* Gerhard Koloneci as Gleb
* Cristina Pellegrino as the Magistrate
* Andrea Bruschi as Maurizio Tavani
* Adelmo Togliani as Prince Ciro Del Poggio di Filicudi
* Emanuele Linfatti as the artist
* Giulio Ferretto as Andrea Quattropani
* Lele Marchitelli as Guglielmo
* Ivan Urbinati as Menicucci
# Iron:rusticyanin reductase

Iron:rusticyanin reductase (EC 1.16.9.1, Cyc2) is an enzyme with systematic name Fe(II):rusticyanin oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
    Fe(II) + rusticyanin $\rightleftharpoons$ Fe(III) + reduced rusticyanin
Rusticyanin reductase contains c-type heme.
# Choeroichthys brachysoma

Choeroichthys brachysoma (short-bodied pipefish or Pacific short-bodied pipefish) is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae.

## Overview

It is found in the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea and East Africa to the Society Islands, the Philippines, Guam, and northern Australia. It inhabits tide pools, seagrass, rocky coastlines, mangroves, and coral reef areas at depths of 2–25 metres (6.6–82.0 ft), where it can grow to lengths of 7 centimetres (2.8 in). C. brachysoma shows sexual dimorphism, the females are slender with two rows of black spots along their flanks, while the males have a shorter, wider body marked with scattered, small white spots. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch until giving birth to live young. Males may brood at 3.5–4 centimetres (1.4–1.6 in).
# 2020 Taipei Marathon

The 2020 Taipei Marathon, the 24th running of that city's premier long-distance race, was held on December 20, 2020. Around 28,000 people ran in the event, of whom 22,189 finished.
Kenyan long-distance runner Paul Lonyangata smashed the previous record by 2:09:18. Taiwanese runner Chou Ting-yin claimed the domestic title, and Tsao Chun-yu established the new women's national record.

## Background

The slogan of the race was "Dare To Breathe". It symbolizes under the COVID-19 pandemic, most road running races have been cancelled or postponed worldwide, although participants must wear a face mask and maintain a safety distance before the start, the Taipei Marathon took place as usual.

### WA Label Road Races

The 2020 Taipei Marathon has been recognized by the World Athletics as Bronze Label races.

## Results
### Marathon

Elite men's top 10 finishers :
| Place | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Paul Lonyangata | Kenya | 2:09:18 MR |
| | Elisha Rotich | Kenya | 2:13:07 |
| | Tiidrek Nurme | Estonia | 2:16:11 |
| 4 | Bilal Marhoum | Morocco | 2:16:22 |
| 5 | Oleksandr Sitkovskyi | Ukraine | 2:20:40 |
| 6 | Tan Huong-leong | Malaysia | 2:23:13 |
| 7 | Chou Ting-yin | Taiwan | 2:23:21 PB |
| 8 | Chu Meng-tsung | Taiwan | 2:27:58 |
| 9 | Tsai Cheng-hsuan | Taiwan | 2:30:07 |
| 10 | Lin Chiu-chieh | Taiwan | 2:30:53 |
Elite women's top 10 finishers :
| Place | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Askale Merachi Wegi | Ethiopia | 2:28:31 |
| | Alemtsehay Asifa Kasegn | Ethiopia | 2:32:00 |
| | Zinash Mekonen Lema | Ethiopia | 2:32:24 |
| 4 | Tsao Chun-yu | Taiwan | 2:32:41 NR |
| 5 | Gladys Tejeda | Peru | 2:37:23 |
| 6 | Hiroko Baino | Japan | 2:45:53 |
| 7 | Chang Chih-hsuan | Taiwan | 2:49:19 |
| 8 | Zhu Ying-ying | Taiwan | 2:56:49 |
| 9 | Chen Yi-ning | Taiwan | 2:58:18 |
| 10 | Hsu Chao-cheng | Taiwan | 3:00:08 |

### Half marathon

Elite men's top 10 finishers :
| Place | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Wu Jui-en | Taiwan | 1:07:57 |
| | Huang Hsiang-wei | Taiwan | 1:08:06 |
| | Chou Hung-yu | Taiwan | 1:08:41 |
| 4 | Ho Hsing-hang | Taiwan | 1:10:24 |
| 5 | Chiang Yen-lun | Taiwan | 1:10:37 |
| 6 | Chiang Ying-wei | Taiwan | 1:11:55 |
| 7 | Liao Hsuan-hao | Taiwan | 1:12:04 |
| 8 | Chao Yu-jui | Taiwan | 1:14:29 |
| 9 | Li Fang-chen | Taiwan | 1:14:29 |
| 10 | Lin Sheng-che | Taiwan | 1:15:14 |
Elite women's top 10 finishers :
| Place | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| | Hsieh Chien-ho | Taiwan | 1:15:17 |
| | Fu Shu-ping | Taiwan | 1:16:36 |
| | Chang Yu-chen | Taiwan | 1:18:53 |
| 4 | Su Feng-ting | Taiwan | 1:19:12 |
| 5 | Li Chia-mei | Taiwan | 1:22:18 |
| 6 | Kuo Pei-ling | Taiwan | 1:22:54 |
| 7 | Tsai Yun-hsuan | Taiwan | 1:24:32 |
| 8 | Chen Chao-chun | Taiwan | 1:24:40 |
| 9 | Lo Pei-chi | Taiwan | 1:24:59 |
| 10 | Yen Hsiao-ching | Taiwan | 1:25:01 |
# Butomus

Butomus is the only known genus in the plant family Butomaceae, native to Europe and Asia. It is considered invasive in some parts of the United States.

## Taxonomy

The Butomaceae family has been recognized by most taxonomists as a plant family; it is sometimes called the "flowering-rush family".
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes such a family, and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots.
At the ranks of family and order, this is the same placement as in the Cronquist system. However, Cronquist assumed a much smaller order and assigned the order to subclass Alismatidae, in class Liliopsida [=monocotyledons].

## Species

The family counts one species, Butomus umbellatus, or two according to some authorities.
* Butomus umbellatus L. - China, Central Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Middle East, Russia, Europe; naturalized in North America
* Butomus umbellatus var. junceus (Turcz.) Micheli - Central Asia (also known as Butomus junceus Turcz.)
# Helicobacter muridarum

Helicobacter muridarum is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order. It is microaerophilic and helical and was first isolated from the intestinal mucosa of rodents, hence its name. It is characterised by the presence of 9 to 11 periplasmic fibers which appear as concentric helical ridges on the surface of each cell. The cells are motile and have bipolar tufts of 10 to 14 sheathed flagella. These bacteria are nutritionally fastidious and physiologically similar to other Helicobacter species and Wolinella succinogenes, but can be differentiated from these organisms by their unique cellular ultrastructure. ST1T (= ATCC 49282T) is its type strain.