OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Rajzman

Samuel Rajzman (1902–1979) was a Polish Holocaust survivor. After the war he emigrated to France and then to Canada. He was one of the two Polish witnesses at the Nuremberg Trials. He was also a witness at the Treblinka trials and during the process of Fiodor Fedorenko.

## Biography

Rajzman was born into a Jewish family and lived with his wife and children in Węgrów, where he was an accountant and translator. After the German invasion of Poland, together with his family he was resettled and imprisoned in the Warsaw Ghetto.
In September 1942 he was transferred to the Treblinka extermination camp. He was saved from immediate execution that befell most of those from his transport group by an acquaintance, Marceli Galewski and moved to work in the Sonderkommando; he was also enlisted in the resistance organization. The resistance organization eventually succeeded in organizing the Treblinka uprising on 2 August 1943. Rajzman was one of the few survivors from that incident; familiar with the nearby area, he was sheltered, together with another escapee, by local farmer Edward Gołoś, a pre-war acquaintance of Rajzman, and survived the war. Gołoś was later recognized as one of the Polish Righteous Among the Nations.
After the war (which his family did not survive) he moved to France, and later to Canada, where he remarried.
On 27 February 1946, Rajzman testified about his experiences in Treblinka at the Nuremberg Trials as one of the three Jews and two Polish witnesses during the proceedings (the other Polish witness being Seweryna Szmaglewska). He was also a witness in both of the Treblinka trials (the first was the 1964–1965 trial of members of the German crew of Treblinka, and at second one, in 1969–1970, the trial of the commandant, Franz Stangl). In 1978 his testimony also contributed to the stripping of Fiodor Fedorenko’s American citizenship (Fedorenko was a Ukrainian guard at Treblinka; he was eventually deported to USSR and executed there).
Rajzman died in Montreal in 1979.
# Julius Murgor

Recha Julius Murgor is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the United Democratic Alliance and was elected to represent the Kapenguria Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya in the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election, later being elected 3rd Senator for West Pokot County in 2017.
He is the chair of the Kenyan Senate Committee on Labour and Social Welfare.
# San-Ai Oil

San-Ai Oil Co., Ltd. (三愛石油株式会社, San-Ai Sekiyu Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 8097), branded as San-Ai Obbli, is a Japanese company dealing in petroleum products, aviation fuel storage and related services. Established in 1952, San-Ai has a market capitalization of 72.91 billion yen. It is a member of the Ricoh San-Ai Group. Its headquarters are in Shinagawa, Tokyo.
In December 2004, San-Ai purchased Kygnus Oil from TonenGeneral Sekiyu and Nichimo [ja], which each owned 50% of Kygnus.
# Samuel Barnett Schryver

Samuel Barnett Schryver FRS (15 March 1869 – 21 August 1929) was a British biochemist. Among other subjects, his work studied autolysis of tumours, gastric juice in diseases of the stomach, and coagulation.

## Biography

Samuel Barnett Schryver was born in London to Jewish parents Lewis and Elisabeth Schryver. He was educated at the University College School, before going on to study at University College London, the Zurich Polytechnikum, and the University of Leipzig, graduating with a Ph.D. from the latter institution. He worked as Demonstrator in Chemistry at University College Liverpool from 1893 until 1897, and then as a researcher at the Wellcome Research Laboratories until March 1901, when he was appointed Lecturer in Physiological Chemistry at University College London.
In 1907 Schryver began working as a chemist at the Research Institute of the Cancer Hospital, and in 1913 joined the faculty of the Imperial College of Science, becoming full Professor in 1920. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1928.
He was married to Elsie Naomi Davis, sister of poet Nina Salaman.
# Nafana-Sienso

Nafana-Sienso is a village in northwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dioulatièdougou, Odienné Department, Kabadougou Region, Denguélé District.
Nafana-Sienso was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Comerç 24

Comerç 24 was a Michelin-starred restaurant in Barcelona, Spain. It closed in 2015.
# Natal forest tree frog

The Natal forest tree frog (Leptopelis natalensis) is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae, subfamily Leptopelinae, and is endemic to the eastern coastal area of South Africa. A typical tree frog, it has large eyes and a broad mouth. Its colouration is highly variable: Some may be bright green, others cream coloured, and some may be cream with olive-green blotches.
Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland, subtropical forests, swamps, intermittent freshwater marshes, and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss.
These frogs usually live in the foliage and branches of forest trees. They lay eggs on banks of ponds and quiet streams, or on broad leaves near the water's edge. The tadpoles hatch and drop into the water where they grow and develop into frogs. Its call is somewhat akin to "bwee YACK-yack". The first part of the call being described as "soft buzzing".
# Tapirira chimalapana

Tapirira chimalapana is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the Uxpanapa-Chimalapa area of eastern Mexico, in the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz.
# Tizón

Tizón or Tizon may refer to:
* Alex Tizon (1959–2017), Filipino-American author and Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
* Allan Wagner Tizón (born 1942), Peruvian diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs
* Arturo Tizón (1984–2021), Spanish motorcycle racer
* Aurelia Gabriela Tizón de Perón (1902–1938), Argentine educator, wife of former Argentine president Juan Perón
* Eloy Tizón (born 1964), Spanish writer
* Héctor Tizón (1929–2012), Argentine writer, journalist, lawyer, judge, and diplomat
* Jose Ramon Tizon Villarin, Filipino Jesuit priest and scientist
* Juan Tizón (1895–1945), Spanish politician and writer exiled during the Spanish Civil War
* Ventura Rodríguez Tizón (1717–1785), Spanish architect and artist
# Claverie

Claverie is a white French wine grape variety that was once widely planted in the Landes region by Dutch traders who prized the variety's ability to produce wines with high alcohol levels. Today the variety exists in small isolated plantings in Southwest France and is nearing extinction.

## Synonyms

Various synonyms have been used to describe Claverie and its wines including Bouguieu, Chalosse Blanche, Chaloussenc, Clabarien, Clabérieu, Clabéria, Claverie Blanc and Claverie vert.
# Clessé

Clessé may refer to:
* Clessé, Deux-Sèvres, a commune in the French region of Poitou-Charentes
* Clessé, Saône-et-Loire a commune in the French region of Bourgogne
# Spiroceratidae

Spiroceratidae is a family of extinct ammonites.
# Spirobranchus cariniferus

Spirobranchus cariniferus, commonly known as the blue tubeworm or spiny tubeworm, or by its Māori name toke pā, is a species of tube-building polychaete worm endemic to New Zealand.
This species forms patchy, belt-like colonies of hard, white, triangular tubes, each containing a bright blue worm. These are cemented to the shaded side of rocks in the lower to mid-tidal zone. It may also inhabit hard objects such as dead shells and small stones. When submerged, it puts out a fan of dark-blue tentacles to feed, which it retracts during low tide.
Individuals living in Dunedin's Otago Harbour are the only polychaetes known to host gregarine parasites. Little is known about their impact on the worms, but it is likely to be a negative one.

## Description

Adult worms can grow to 40 mm long and 3 mm wide. The tube is hard, white, and triangular in cross-section with a ridge running along the top. This extends from above the tube opening to form a sharp protective spine. The operculum is a flat, calcareous plate. Its stalk is flat with prolonged wings. Its body is a yellow to orange colour towards the posterior and a bright blue at the anterior. Radioles are a bright to dark blue with some white bands.

## Diet

The blue tubeworm is a surface filter feeder. It feeds on plankton and organic particles, which it filters from the water using its fan of tentacles.

## Distribution

It is found throughout New Zealand. Its tube layers can be up to 30 cm thick in the cooler climate of the South Island.
# Spirocerca lupi

Spirocerca lupi is a species of nematode. In dogs, infestation can cause sarcoma of the esophagus. Doramectin has been used against it.
# Spirobranchus

Spirobranchus is a small genus of tube-building annelid fanworms in the family Serpulidae.

## Species

The species in the genus (World Register of Marine Species) include:
* Spirobranchus aloni Perry, et. al. 2018
* Spirobranchus corniculatus Grube, 1862
* Spirobranchus latiscapus Marenzeller, 1885
* Spirobranchus americanus Day, 1973
* Spirobranchus arabicus Monro, 1937
* Spirobranchus baileybrockae Pillai. 2009
* Spirobranchus cariniferus Gray, 1843
* Spirobranchus coronatus Straughan, 1967
* Spirobranchus corrugatus Straughan, 1967
* Spirobranchus decoratus Imajima, 1982
* Spirobranchus dendropoma Mörch, 1863
* Spirobranchus eitzeni Augener, 1918
* Spirobranchus gardineri Pixell, 1913
* Spirobranchus giganteus Pallas, 1766
* Spirobranchus incrassatus KrøyerinMörch, 1863
* Spirobranchus kraussii Baird, 1865
* Spirobranchus lamarcki Quatrefages, 1866
* Spirobranchus latiscapus Marenzeller, 1885
* Spirobranchus lima Grube, 1862
* Spirobranchus maldivensis Pixell, 1913
* Spirobranchus minutus Rioja, 1944
* Spirobranchus murrayi Pillai, 2009
* Spirobranchus nigranucha Fischli, 1903
* Spirobranchus paumotanus Chamberlin, 1919
* Spirobranchus polycerus Schmarda, 1861
* Spirobranchus polytremaPhilippi, 1844
* Spirobranchus pseudopolytremus Pillai, 2009
* Spirobranchus richardsmithi Pillai, 2009
* Spirobranchus spinosus Moore, 1923
* Spirobranchus taeniatus Lamarck, 1818
* Spirobranchus tenhovei Pillai, 2009
* Spirobranchus tetraceros Schmarda, 1861
* Spirobranchus triqueter Linnaeus, 1758
* Spirobranchus zelandicus Pillai, 2009
* Spirobranchus zibrowii Pillai, 2009
# Me voy

Me Voy (English: I'm Leaving) may refer to:
* "Me Voy" (Aventura song)
* "Me Voy" (Gloria Estefan song)
* "Me Voy" (Jesse & Joy song)
* "Me Voy" (Julieta Venegas song)
* "Me Voy" (Paulina Rubio song)
* "Me Voy", a song by Camila, included on their album Dejarte de Amar (2010)
* "Me Voy", a song by RBD, Spanish language cover of Kelly Clarkson's "Gone", included on their album Nuestro Amor
* "Me Voy" 2006 song by Héctor Acosta, a bachata cover of a merengue song from Aventura
* "Me Voy", 2024 song by Tini from Un Mechón de Pelo
# Clay Jam

Clay Jam is a claymation mobile game created by UK developer Fat Pebble and published by Zynga for iOS and Android mobile devices. It was released on November 29, 2012 on iOS and Android. The handmade, stop-motion game was created in a UK garage by Fat Pebble developers. In the game, players guide a clay ball over a series of hills with the objective of squashing monsters on the way down. As of November 2018 the game is no longer available on the Google Play Store, along with Play-Doh Jam, their Play-Doh-related sequel, which is still unavailable on the App Store.

## Gameplay

The goal of the game is to squash as many clay monsters as possible. As the clay ball rolls down a hill, the ball grows larger and rolls faster as it squashes beasts. As the ball nears the end of the course, players try to flick it as far as possible. The further the ball goes, the more points a player scores, enabling them to unlock new levels, themes and monsters. The game includes a total of 130 quests and five hills to master.
The base game is free to play, and all the content can be unlocked by playing the game or through in-app purchases.

## Development

Clay Jam is Brighton, England-based developer Fat Pebble's first game as an independent studio. To produce the game's graphics, art director Chris Roe modeled monsters out of 44 pounds of clay and used 400 toothpicks to scaffold the designs. Roe created the claymation scenes in his garage, taking 2040 stop-motion frames. Everyday objects were used to create the sound effects and local musicians were employed to produce the game's music. Zynga published Clay Jam on November 29, 2012, for iOS and Android as its first claymation title. The game is the fifth title in the Zynga Partners for Mobile program, Zynga's effort to help third parties publish mobile games while increasing Zynga's presence on mobile devices. Launched in June 2012, the partnership includes Fat Pebble, Atari, Crash Lab, Phosphor Games Studio and Sava Transmedia.
# Hunterheugh Crags

Hunterheugh Crags are part of the Fellsandstone escarpment, 5 miles (8 km) north west of Alnwick, Northumberland, England and 9 miles (14 km) from the coast. The site is moorland forming part of the Bewick and Beanley Moors SSSI, although before the Bronze Age it is likely to have been thickly forested with broadleaf deciduous trees. This site is most famous for the cup and ring mark art present on the outcrop.

## Place-name meaning

Hunterheugh derives from Old English huntor "hunter" and hoh "hill-spur".

## Rock art

The first phase of the carvings is all on the natural rock surface and these are now very heavily weathered. The motifs incorporate undulations of the surface into their design so that most are connected by artificial grooves or by a natural rock slope which allows water to flow from one design to the next. This phase is believed to be Neolithic, and probably early Neolithic at that. This is supported by the discovery of what appears to be a broken sandstone axehead 1.2 m from the carved rock outcrop at the base of the topsoil. Such ground and polished axeheads are known from elsewhere in Northumberland.
Phase 1 of the carvings was broken through when the rock dome was quarried at a later date. New carvings were then made on the surfaces exposed by quarrying. These show no attempt to take undulations and variations in the rock (with one exception), none of the designs are inter-connected, and the shapes are more varied and more crudely executed. This phase is believed to be Early Bronze Age in date and appears to imitate the earlier tradition, but does not share the same sense of positioning.
# Hunteria (mite)

Hunteria is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.

## Species

* Hunteria brasilinesis M. Delfinado-Baker, E. W. Baker & C. H. W. Flechtmann, 1984
# McEwen Bridge

The McEwen Bridge, spanning the Humber River in the city of Vaughan, Ontario, Canada, is listed as a property of interest to Cultural Services Division. The bowstring arch bridge, carrying Kirby Road, was completed in 1923. Closed to vehicular traffic since the late 1970s, it presently forms a part of the Humber Valley Heritage Trail. The bridge is currently in an advanced state of disrepair; a decision on its rehabilitation is pending.

## History

The McEwen bridge was named after Lorne McEwen, who purchased the abutting land in 1916. The bridge, designed by Frank Barber, a notable Ontario engineer, was completed in 1923 to carry a single lane of vehicular traffic on Kirby Road over the Humber River. It is one of four reinforced concrete bowstring arch bridges over the Humber, all built to Barber's design. In the late 1970s, a section of Kirby Road east of Huntington Road was abandoned due to erosion that had been deemed too costly to repair, resulting in the bridge being closed to vehicular traffic. However, the bridge has remained open to pedestrians using the Humber Valley Heritage Trail. The bridge is presently within the Nashville Conservation Reserve of the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, forming a crucial link of its proposed system of hiking, cycling and equestrian trails.

## Current state

Since opening, the McEwen Bridge has not been subjected to major rehabilitation or repair and is currently in an advanced state of disrepair. In 2010, the City of Vaughan initiated an environmental assessment study for the bridge's proposed rehabilitation. The bridge scored 45.1 on the Bridge Condition Index by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, which is considered poor condition. Its structural integrity has been compromised in many ways, including damage to the deck, bottom arch chord, vertical arch hangers, floor beams and guard rails, with large sections affected by spalling, all of which poses significant risk to users. The EA study recommends full rehabilitation of the bridge to preserve its heritage potential and to retain a river crossing for the trail users; however, work is yet to commence.
# Splitlog, Missouri

Splitlog is an unincorporated community in western McDonald County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located approximately four miles northwest of Anderson and 1.5 miles west of Elliff on Missouri Route 59.

## History

Mathias Splitlog was a member of the Wyandot people, named for his childhood apprenticeship to a carpenter, and known initially for the lumber industry he founded in Wyandotte, Kansas. A self-educated engineer, real estate speculator, and a businessman in the Missouri mining industry, Mathias plated the town site of Splitlog. A post office for Splitlog was established in 1887, and remained in operation until 1906.
# Huodendron

Huodendron is a genus of four species of flowering plants in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia, from southern China south to Thailand and Vietnam.
The species are small to medium-sized deciduous trees growing to 12–25 m tall.

## Species

* Huodendron biaristatum (W.W.Smith) Rehder
* Huodendron parviflorum H.L.Li
* Huodendron tibeticum (J. Anthony) Rehder
* Huodendron tomentosum Y.C.Tang ex S.M.Hwang
# Clipping (phonetics)

In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel. A clipped vowel is pronounced more quickly than an unclipped vowel and is often also reduced.

## Examples
### Dutch

Particularly in Netherlands Dutch, vowels in unstressed syllables are shortened and centralized, which is particularly noticeable with tense vowels; compare the /oː/ phoneme in konijn 'rabbit' and koning 'king'.

### English

Many dialects of English (such as Australian English, General American English, Received Pronunciation, South African English and Standard Canadian English) have two types of non-phonemic clipping: pre-fortis clipping and rhythmic clipping.
The first type occurs in a stressed syllable before a fortis consonant, so that e.g. bet [ˈbɛt] has a vowel that is shorter than the one in bed [ˈbɛˑd]. Vowels preceding voiceless consonants that begin a next syllable (as in keychain /ˈkiː.tʃeɪn/) are not affected by this rule.
Rhythmic clipping occurs in polysyllabic words. The more syllables a word has, the shorter its vowels are and so the first vowel of readership is shorter than in reader, which, in turn, is shorter than in read.
Clipping with vowel reduction also occurs in many unstressed syllables.
Because of the variability of vowel length, the ⟨ː⟩ diacritic is sometimes omitted in IPA transcriptions of English and so words such as dawn or lead are transcribed as /dɔn/ and /lid/, instead of the more usual /dɔːn/ and /liːd/. Neither type of transcription is more correct, as both convey exactly the same information, but transcription systems that use the length mark make it more clear whether a vowel is checked or free. Compare the length of the RP vowel /ɒ/ in the word not as opposed to the corresponding /ɒ/ in Canadian English, which is typically longer (like RP /ɑː/) because Canadian /ɒ/ is a free vowel (checked /ɒ/ is very rare in North America, as it relies on a three-way distinction between LOT, THOUGHT and PALM) and so can also be transcribed as /ɒː/.
The Scottish vowel length rule is used instead of those rules in Scotland and sometimes also in Northern Ireland.

### Serbo-Croatian

Many speakers of Serbo-Croatian from Croatia and Serbia pronounce historical unstressed long vowels as short, with some exceptions (such as genitive plural endings). Therefore, the name Jadranka is pronounced [jâdraŋka], rather than [jâdraːŋka].
# Huitaca boyacaensis

Huitaca boyacaensis is a species of neotropical harvestmen in the family Neogoveidae, first described by Ligia Benavides and Gonzalo Giribet in 2013.

## Taxonomy

Huitaca boyacaensis used to be placed in the family of Ogoveidae (2003) but is reclassified under Neogoveidae (2007).

## Etymology and habitat

Both the genus Huitaca and the species epithet boyacaensis are named after the culture of the Muisca; Huitaca was the rebelling goddess of sexual liberation in the Muisca religion and Boyacá is one of the departments of Colombia where the Muisca lived.
The holotype has been found near the road from Arcabuco to Moniquirá on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at an altitude of 2,559 metres (8,396 ft). Nineteen paratype specimens have been collected at the same location; eight males, six females and five juveniles.

## Description

Large species with an anterior opisthosomal sternal complex of themale consisting of three digit-like apophyses pointing backward, densely ornamented with conspicuous gland openings. The sternal organ seems to be homologous to Huitaca ventralis and Huitaca tama. The male specimen has a dark brown body with lighter legs. Total length of the male holotype is 4.86 millimetres (0.191 in) and of the female paratype 4.59 millimetres (0.181 in).
# McFadyean

McFadyean is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew McFadyean (1887–1974), British diplomat and economist
* Colin McFadyean (born 1943), England International rugby union player and Captain
* John McFadyean (1853–1941), British veterinary surgeon
* Melanie McFadyean (1950–2023), British journalist and lecturer
* Ben McFadyean (born 1969), British sports journalist and academic
# Calcetto Priory

Calcetto Priory was a priory in West Sussex, England. "Calcetto", meaning "Causeway", was an alternative name for the house of Augustinian canons at Pynham.
# Calchaenesthes ambrusi

Calchaenesthes ambrusi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Lazarev in 2023. It is known from Cyprus. This species is named after Richard Ambrus, a Czech entomologist.
# Clothier Harbour

Clothier Harbour is the 1.5 km wide bay indenting for 1 km the north coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica between Hammer Point on the northeast and Onogur Islands on the southwest. The harbour was used as a safe base by American sealing ships in 1820–21.
The bay was discovered, charted and named by American sealers after the vessel Clothier under Captain Clark, which sank there in December 1820.

## Location

The harbour's midpoint is located at 62°20′47″S 59°39′40″W﻿ / ﻿62.34639°S 59.66111°W﻿ / -62.34639; -59.66111 (British mapping in 1821, 1822 and 1968, Argentine in 1949, Chilean in 1962, and Bulgarian in 2009).
# Clothier

Clothier may refer to:

## Professions

* Someone involved in the making and marketing of cloth, see cloth production
* Tailor, the most common modern usage
* Cloth merchant
* Clothing store

## Surname

* Cecil Clothier (1919–2010), English judge
* Henry William Clothier (1872–1938), British electrical engineer and inventor
* Hurshul Clothier (1922–2006), American western swing band musician and bandleader
* Robert Clothier (1921–1999), Canadian stage and television actor
* Robert Clarkson Clothier (1885–1970), president of Rutgers University 1932–1951 and president of the New Jersey Constitutional Convention of 1947
* William Clothier (tennis) (1881–1962), American tennis player
* William Clothier (cinematographer) (1903–1996), American film director of photography