# Lee McIntyre

Lee Cameron McIntyre (born 1962) is an American author, researcher, and academic. He is a research fellow at the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University and an instructor in ethics at Harvard Extension School. He has published numerous nonfiction book and articles on the philosophy of the social sciences and attempts to undermine science. In 2023, he became a fellow with the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

## Early life

McIntyre was born in 1962 in Portland, Oregon. He earned a B.A. in philosophy of social science from Wesleyan University and an M.A. and Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Michigan. McIntyre's doctoral dissertation was on the status of law-like explanations in the social sciences.

## Career

From 1991 to 1992, McIntyre was a research associate at the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science. In 1992, he was a visiting lecturer at Tufts Experimental College. He was an assistant professor of philosophy at Colgate University from 1993 to 1999. McIntyre was a visiting scholar at the Santa Fe Institute in 1997.
In 2000, McIntyre became a special assistant to the executive dean of the faculty and arts and sciences at Harvard University. In addition, he was an instructor of ethics at the Harvard Extension School and was the executive director of the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University. He is a research fellow at the Boston University Center for Philosophy and History of Science.
McIntyre was an associate editor in the research department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. In 2023, he became a fellow with the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

## Body of work
### Nonfiction books

Many of McIntyre's nonfiction books are concerned with the nature of scientific knowledge generation and validation. These include Explaining Explanation: Essays in the Philosophy of the Special Sciences, Laws and Explanation in the Social Sciences, Dark Ages: The Case for a Science of Human Behavior, and Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age.
In his 2018 book Post-Truth, he explored the environment and "atmosphere" surrounding the concept of post-truth. Carlos Lozada, reviewer for The Washington Post, wrote that Post-Truth "convincingly tracks how intelligent-design proponents and later climate deniers drew from postmodernism to undermine public perceptions of evolution and climate change."
In his 2019 book, The Scientific Attitude: defending science from denial, fraud, and pseudoscience, McIntyre describes scientific thinking and the demarcation problem as a willingness to revise an opinion after discovering new evidence. Publishers Weekly said that the book "articulates why the pursuit of scientific truths, even if inevitably flawed and subject to human error, matters." Harriet Hall reviewed the book for Skeptical Inquirer Magazine and wrote that MacIntyre tries to explain science by explaining what it is not. The Scientific Attitude was also reviewed in The Guardian.
MacIntyre was also the co-editor of three anthologies: Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, Philosophy of Chemistry, and Philosophy of Chemistry, 2nd edition.

### Essays and articles

McIntyre is the author of numerous philosophical essays that have appeared in Biology and Philosophy, The Chronicle of Higher Education, The Humanist, The New York Times, Perspectives on Science, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Synthese, Teaching Philosophy, Theory and Decision, and The Times Higher Education Supplement. New Statesman published his article, "Why Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin Lie... and Why They Are So Good At It" in January 2018. His "How to Reverse the Assault on Science" was published in the Scientific American blog in 2019. McIntyre's article "Flat Earthers and the Rise of Science Denial in America" was reprinted as the cover story of Newsweek on July 14, 2019.

### Fiction

McIntyre also writes suspense fiction. His novel The Sin Eater is a thriller published in 2019.

### Presentations

Michael Shermer invited McIntyre to present on his program Science Salon # 77: The Scientific Attitude: Defending Science from Denial, Fraud, and Pseudoscience. On March 17–20, 2021, McIntyre presented at the first Global Congress on Scientific Thinking and Action; in his presentation, "Science Denialism", he discussed his conversations with flat earth believers, which would become the basis of his book, How to Talk to a Science Denier. He stressed the importance of face-to-face conversations and gaining the trust of the people you are trying to convince.

## Awards and recognition

His book Post-Truth was named book of the week by Fareed Zakaria of CNN. It was also the winner of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Titles for 2018.

## Selected publications
### Book

| Year | Title | Publisher | ISBN |
| 1994 | Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science. (co-editor with Michael Martin) | MIT Press | ISBN 9780262631518 |
| 1996 | Laws and Explanation in the Social Sciences: Defending a Science of Human Behavior | Westview Press | ISBN 0813328284 |
| 2006 | Philosophy of Chemistry: Synthesis of a New Discipline. (co-editor with Davis Baird and Eric Scerri) | Springer Publishing | ISBN 1402032560 |
| 2006 | Dark Ages: The Case for a Science of Human Behavior | Bradford Books | ISBN 0262512548 |
| 2012 | Explaining Explanation: Essays in the Philosophy of the Special Sciences | University Press of America | ISBN 0761858695 |
| 2014 | Philosophy of Chemistry: Growth of a New Discipline, 2nd ed.. (co-editor with Eric Scerri). | Springer Publishing | ISBN 9401793638 |
| 2015 | Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age | Routledge | ISBN 9781138888814 |
| 2017 | The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Social Science | Routledge | ISBN 9780367871574 |
| 2018 | Post-Truth | MIT Press | ISBN 9780262535045 |
| 2019 | The Scientific Attitude: Defending Science from Denial, Fraud, and Pseudoscience | MIT Press | ISBN 0262039834 |
| 2019 | The Sin Eater | Braveship Books | ISBN 1640620885 |
| 2019 | Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary Introduction | Routledge | ISBN 978-1138331518 |
| 2021 | How to Talk to a Science Denier: Conversations with Flat Earthers, Climate Deniers, and Others Who Defy Reason | MIT Press | ISBN 0262046105 |
| 2021 | The Art of Good and Evil | Braveship Books | ISBN 978-1640621473 |
| 2022 | A Companion to Public Philosophy | Wiley-Blackwell | ISBN 978-1119635222 |
| 2023 | On Disinformation: How to Fight for Truth and Protect Democracy | MIT Press | ISBN 978-0262546300 |

### Articles

* "Editorial Introduction: Empiricism in the Philosophy of Social Science". Synthese. vol. 97, no. 2 (1993): 159.
* "Complexity and Social Scientific Laws". Synthese. vol. 97, no. 2 (1993): 209–227.
* "The Case for the Philosophy of Chemistry" with Eric R. Scerri. Synthese. vol. 111, no. 33 (1997): 213–232.
* "The Dark Ages of Social Science". The Humanist (2007).
* "Making Philosophy Matter—or Else". The Chronicle of Higher Education (December 11, 2011).
* "The Attack on Truth". The Chronicle of Higher Education (June 8, 2015).
* "The Price of Denialism". The New York Times (November 7, 2015)
* "Why Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin Lie... and Why They Are So Good at It". New Statesman (January 3, 2018)
* "Flat Earthers, and the rise of science denial in America". Newsweek (May 14, 2019).
* "How to Reverse the Assault on Science". Scientific American. (May 22, 2019).