OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wulff-Dieter Heintz

Wulff-Dieter Heintz (3 June 1930 – 10 June 2006) was a German astronomer who worked the latter part of his career in the United States. He was Professor Emeritus of Astronomy at Swarthmore College. He specialised in the characterisation of binary stars using astrometry.

## Life

Wulff-Dieter Heintz was born in Würzburg, Germany on 3 June 1930. He earned his doctorate in astronomy from the University of Munich in 1953. He did research at the University Observatory Munich's Southern Station on Mount Stromlo in Australia. Peter van de Kamp invited him to the Sproul Observatory to be a visiting professor in 1969. He subsequently joined the staff and became observatory director upon the retirement of van de Kamp in 1972. He remained a German citizen. He was an avid and expert chess player and authored a book on the game in German.

## The Barnard's Star affair

Peter van de Kamp, Wulff's predecessor at Swarthmore, made claims since the 1960s of a planetary system around Barnard's Star. After van de Kamp's retirement in 1972, the photographic plates made using the Sproul refractor telescope were shown to be flawed, affecting Van de Kamp's Barnard's Star claim as well as claims of planetary systems around other near-by stars made at the same time by staff astronomer Sarah Lippincott. Upon his assumption of directorship in 1973, Wulff began questioning the findings of his former colleague and began publishing criticisms from 1976 onwards; Van de Kamp never admitted any error and the two friends are reported to have become estranged over this affair.

## Later life and death

Heintz retired from active teaching in 1998 but remained a frequent and popular guest at the college. He died on 10 June 2006, in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania after a two-year battle with cancer. He was 76.
# Karsa

Karsa may refer to:
* Karsa (League of Legends player) (born 1997), Taiwanese professional eSports player
* Karsa, Kenya, a basalt geological formation, archaeological site, and watering hole on Lake Turkana
* Karsa River, in western Ethiopia
* Karsa, India, a village in Nilokheri tehsil, Karnal, Haryana
* Karsa Orlong, a character in the Malazan Book of the Fallen epic fantasy series by Steven Erikson
* Cash (currency) or karsa, an obsolete Indian currency
* Karsha pana, an Ancient Indian coin
# Scott Hall, Leeds

Scott Hall is a suburb of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, adjacent to Chapeltown and Meanwood. The suburb falls within the Chapel Allerton and Moortown wards of Leeds City Council. The Scott Hall estate is made up largely of 1930s council housing on both sides of Scott Hall Road (and streets beyond) from Buslingthorpe Lane in the south to Potternewton Lane in the north.

## Location and facilities

The A61 road between Leeds and Harrogate is the main thoroughfare known as Scott Hall Road, served by First buses 7/7A/7S. On this road, just north of Potternewton Lane in Miles Hill there are shops and the Scott Hall Leisure (sports) Centre which was refurbished at a cost of £500,000 in 2009. Scott Hall Church, formerly Scott Hall Christian Fellowship and Hope Hall, is an Evangelical fellowship. There is a guided bus route along Scott Hall Road, which has given rise to some controversy. Scott Hall Oval is used by the Caribbean Cricket Club. Part of the Leeds Half Marathon course goes through Scott Hall Road.

## History

The sports field at the junction between Scott Hall Road and Potternewton Lane used to be part of Scott Hall Farm. The farmhouse itself, on Scott Hall Street, is a Grade II listed building but was on the Heritage at Risk list, being described as "vulnerable through neglect and decay" in 2009. Bronte House (now flats) is a large building originally for single women, built in the 1930s at the junction of Buslingthorpe Lane and Scott Hall Drive. The PHAB club, which assists disabled people to enjoy life alongside able-bodied friends, started at the Prince Philip Centre in Scott Hall Avenue in 1970.
Two of the Yorkshire Ripper's victims lived just a few doors from each other in Scott Hall Avenue. They were his first victim, Wilma McCann, and his fifth, Jayne MacDonald.
* Scott Hall
* Playing fields on the former Scott Hall Farm site
* Bronte House
* Scott Hall Leisure Centre
* Scott Hall Church
# Scott Halperin

Scott Halperin is a Canadian immunologist, professor of pediatrics, microbiology, and immunology at Dalhousie University, the head of Pediatric Infection Diseases at IWK Health Centre, and the director of the Canadian Center for Vaccinology.

## Biography

Halperin received a B.Sc. from Stanford University, and an M.D. from Cornell University. He did his postdoctoral research in pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Virginia and University of Minnesota.

## Career

Halperin's research focuses on pertussis and other vaccine-preventable diseases. In 2020, the Canadian Centre for Vaccinology at Dalhousie University was approved by Health Canada to begin clinical trial for a potential COVID-19 vaccine, led by Halperin. Halperin's research also focuses on public health policy in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Awards

From 2004 to 2009, Halperin held the CIHR/Wyeth Pharmaceuticals clinical research chair in vaccines. He received a certificate of merit from the Canadian Paediatric Society in 2009, as well as the Max Forman Senior Research Prize from the Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation, also in 2009.
# Katakuti

Katakuti is a village development committee in Dolakha District in the Janakpur Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3660 people living in 740 individual households.
# Katakuti (disambiguation)

Katakuti (lit. 'tic-tac-toe') may refer to:
* Katakuti, is a village development committee in Dolakha District, Nepal
* Katakuti (web series), a 2022 Indian Bengali-language web series
# Katakura clan

The Katakura clan (片倉氏, Katakura-shi) is a Japanese family which claims its descent from Fujiwara no Toshihito by way of Katō Kagekado. The family entered Mutsu Province in the 14th century as subordinates of the Ōsaki clan. However, in 1532, they became retainers of the Date clan, and remained so until 1872. In the Sengoku era, the Katakura took part in all the major campaigns of the Date clan. The family's head, Katakura Kagetsuna, became renowned throughout the country, even receiving praise from Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who granted Kagetsuna a fief (thereby bypassing Kagetsuna's status as vassal to Date Masamune).
In the Edo period, the heads of the Katakura clan were hereditary karō in the Sendai Domain. Their personal fief was centered at Shiroishi Castle (modern-day Shiroishi, Miyagi).
Shigenobu Katakura, the current chief priest of Sendai's Aoba Shrine, is a direct descendant of this family.

## Head Family

* Katakura Kagekatsu
* Katakura Kagefusa
* Katakura Kagenobu
* Katakura Kageharu
* Katakura Kagetsune
* Katakura Kagetoki
* Katakura Kageshige
* Katakura Kagesuke
* Katakura Kageyuki
* Katakura Kagehiro
* Katakura Kagemura
* Katakura Kageshige
* Katakura Kagetsuna
* Katakura Shigenaga
* Katakura Kagenaga (2nd)
* Katakura Muranaga
* Katakura Murayasu
* Katakura Muranobu
* Katakura Murasada
* Katakura Murakiyo
* Katakura Muratsune
* Katakura Kagesada
* Katakura Munekage
* Katakura Kuninori
* Katakura Kagenori
* Katakura Kagemitsu
* Katakura Kenkichi
* Katakura Nobumitsu
* Shigenobu Katakura

## Others

* Katakura Kita (1538-1610) was the half-sister of Katakura Kagetsuna and teacher of Date Masamune and Kagetsuna.
# Karl Gorath

Karl Gorath (12 December 1912, Bad Zwischenahn − 18 March 2003, Bremerhaven) was a gay man who was arrested in 1938 and imprisoned for homosexuality at Neuengamme and Auschwitz. He was freed in 1945.
Gorath was training for a nursing career when, at 26, he was denounced as a homosexual by his "jealous lover" and arrested under Paragraph 175 of the criminal code, which defined homosexuality as an "unnatural act".
Gorath was imprisoned at Neuengamme near Hamburg, Germany, and was forced to wear a pink triangle, identifying him as gay and a transvestite.
Because of his medical training, Gorath was transferred to work at a prisoner hospital in a sub-camp of Neuengamme. When he refused to decrease the bread ration for patients who were Poles, Gorath was transferred to Auschwitz. There he wore the red triangle of a political prisoner, which he believed spared him the brutality inflicted on inmates identified as gay. In January 1945, Gorath was freed when the Red Army liberated Auschwitz.
After the war, in 1947 he was sentenced again: “By the same Judge. Rabien his name was. He received me in the courtroom with the words: ‘You are here again!’”
Gorath is one of six gay men who are the subject of a documentary on gay men in Nazi concentration camps. The film, by producers Jeffrey Friedman and Rob Epstein and narrated by Rupert Everett, is called Paragraph 175.
# Scymnus nigricollis

Scymnus nigricollis, is a species of beetle found in the family Coccinellidae discovered by J. Gordon Edwards in 1976. It is endemic to North America.
# Scymnus nemorivagus

Scymnus nemorivagus, is a species of beetle found in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Katagimodoshi

Katagimodoshi (Japanese: カタギモドシ) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kiyoto Shitara. It was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump from July 2022 to December 2023, with its chapters collected in five tankōbon volumes.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Kiyoto Shitara, Katagimodoshi was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump from July 7, 2022, to December 21, 2023. Shueisha collected its chapters in five tankōbon volumes, published from November 17, 2022, to January 18, 2024.

### Volumes

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | November 17, 2022 | 978-4-08-892491-5 |
| 2 | March 17, 2023 | 978-4-08-892655-1 |
| 3 | July 19, 2023 | 978-4-08-892762-6 |
| 4 | January 18, 2024 | 978-4-08-892898-2 |
| 5 | January 18, 2024 | 978-4-08-893108-1 |

## Reception

The series was recommended by manga authors Satoru Noda and One, with a comment featured on the obi of the first volume.
# Bolívar, Cochabamba

Bolívar is a location in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. It is the seat of the Bolívar Province.
# Bolívar, El Salvador

Bolívar is a municipality (municipio) in La Unión Department of El Salvador.
* This El Salvador location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Boléro de concert

The Boléro de concert (French: Concert Bolero), Op. 166, is a composition for harmonium or organ without pedal by Alfred Lefébure-Wély. It was first published in 1865. The composition was adapted for wind instruments.

## History

Lefébure-Wély was a gifted pianist and organist who studied at the Paris Conservatoire from age 14, including composition with Fromental Halévy who was known for his operas. Lefébure-Wély held organist positions at several major churches in Paris, including the La Madeleine and Saint-Sulpice, Paris. He composed the Boléro de concert for a student, Comtesse Bois de Mouzilly who played the harmonium. It is suitable as a postlude (sortie) in church services. The composition was first published in 1865.

## Recordings

In 1988, organist David Britton played Boléro de concert as part of an organ recital recording, with music by mostly French composers. It appears on a 2006 recording of music by Lefébure-Wély played and arranged by organist Joachim Enders and trumpeter Manfred Bockschweiger at the Klais organ in St. Wolfgang near Dieburg. Martin Setchell included the piece in a recording of French organ music, volume VII of the series Great Australasian Organs, played at the Rieger organ of Christchurch Town Hall, which was silenced by the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. Boléro de concert was selected for the presentation of the new Rieger organ of the Vienna Cathedral in a recording with organist Konstantin Reymaier [de].
# Boguszowice

Boguszowice may refer to the following places in Poland:
* Boguszowice, Cieszyn in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland);
* Boguszowice, former town in Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland), now two districts of Rybnik:
** Boguszowice Osiedle
** Boguszowice Stare
# Sean Kaley

Sean Kaley (born 26 February 1975) is a Canadian long-distance runner and psychiatrist. He won the Canadian national championships at 10,000 metres in 1999, and at 5,000 metres in 2000, 2002 and 2003.
Kaley was born in Montreal, Quebec. He attended Brookfield High School in Ottawa, Ontario. He started running as a small child and was a member of the Ottawa Lions Track and Field Club. He was Canadian junior champion at 5,000 and 1,500 metres.
Kaley studied microbiology at the University of Arkansas. While there, he was a All-American athlete for the Arkansas Razorbacks track and field team, medalling at the NCAA indoor championships at 3,000 and 5,000 metres, and recording top-five finishes at the 1998 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships and 1999 World University Games. In the men's short race at the 1999 World Cross Country Championships, Kaley finished 29th.
Kaley competed in the 10,000 metres at the 1999 World Athletics Championships, finishing 26th, and the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing 27th. He also competed in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, finishing seventh in both events.
After university, Kaley remained in Arkansas and became a practicing psychiatrist.
# Scott Township, Iowa

Scott Township, Iowa may refer to one of the following places:
* Scott Township, Buena Vista County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Fayette County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Floyd County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Franklin County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Fremont County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Hamilton County, Iowa, Hamilton County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Henry County, Iowa, Henry County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Johnson County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Madison County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Mahaska County, Iowa, Mahaska County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Montgomery County, Iowa
* Scott Township, Poweshiek County, Iowa, Poweshiek County, Iowa
# Harold Purcell

Harold Purcell (1907–1977) was a British writer and musical lyricist who frequently collaborated with Harry Parr-Davies. They co-wrote the book for the 1952 Anna Neagle musical The Glorious Days.

## Selected works

* Magyar Melody (1938)
* The Lisbon Story (1943)
* Jenny Jones (1944)
* Under the Counter (1945)
* Her Excellency (1949)
* Rainbow Square (1951)
* The Glorious Days (1952)
# Boléro (Chopin)

The Boléro, Op. 19, is a short piano work written by Frédéric Chopin in 1833 and published in 1834. It is one of his lesser-known piano pieces, although it has been recorded numerous times.

## Structure

The overall key of the Boléro is difficult to establish. It was often listed as Boléro in C major - A minor, as the work opens with three unison octaves in G (dominant chords of C major) in fortissimo, then a lengthy introduction in C major, moving to A minor (the relative minor of C major) for the Boléro proper. This is interrupted by sections in A major, A-flat major and B-flat minor before returning to A minor. It ends triumphantly in A major (parallel major of A minor).

## Composition

The work was dedicated to the Scottish-born but half-French Mademoiselle la Comtesse Émilie de Flahaut, then aged only 14, and a pupil of Chopin's. She was later to become Countess of Shelburne. The apparent inspiration for the Boléro was Chopin's friendship with the French soprano Pauline Viardot, whose father, the famed Spanish tenor Manuel García, had introduced boleros to Paris by the time of Chopin's arrival there. His biographer Frederick Niecks speculated that it was inspired by the Bolero in Daniel Auber's La muette de Portici (1828). Despite the ostensibly Spanish flavour of the piece, it has been described as a polonaise in disguise, or a boléro à la polonaise, as its rhythms are more redolent of the national dance of Chopin's homeland than anything Spanish. It was written five years before Chopin first visited Spain in 1838.
# BonPatron

BonPatron is a French online spelling and grammar checker, developed by Nadaclair Language Technologies. The site includes guides for grammar, vocabulary, phonetics, and a verb conjugator.

## History

BonPatron was created as an academic project in 2001 by Terry Nadasdi (University of Alberta) and Stéfan Sinclair (McGill University). BonPatron initially targeted grammatical errors typically made by anglophone learners of French. Its purpose was to see how closely a web-based grammar checker could replicate what teachers do when correcting student compositions (repeatedly indicating the same mistakes). BonPatron was initially called LePatron but changed its name in 2007 when it became a joint academic/commercial endeavour.
The site was initially designed for language learners in North America, but it is now used extensively by people whose first language is French, especially in France and Quebec.
In addition to the main grammar checker, other pedagogical resources have been added over the years (e.g.: a grammar guide, a vocabulary guide and a phonetics guide).

## Usage

BonPatron has two versions, one that is free and supported by ads (bonpatron.com) and the other that is subscription-based (pro.bonpatron.com). Both draw on the same error database to identify and explain errors. The main difference is that the subscription-based version accepts longer texts. Native mobile apps are available for iOS and Android, developed in partnership with Alkeo.
In order to use BonPatron, the user supplies a text (typed or pasted from the clipboard) and hits the “Check” button. After doing so, the text is examined for typical errors. Errors will be flagged and relevant feedback will be displayed. BonPatron does not provide automatic correction. Rather, it supplies information to help the learner learn from the mistake. It is in this sense that BonPatron should be viewed as an interactive pedagogical tool rather than an editor or traditional grammar checker.
The BonPatron website averages 4.5 million unique visitors annually and processes an average of 250,000 texts per day.

## Research and evaluation

BonPatron has been reviewed and evaluated by a number of scholars. The main findings from these evaluations are: a) BonPatron is able to identify approximately 90% of errors typical of learners writing in French; b) BonPatron stands apart from other grammar checkers because of its pedagogical design; c) BonPatron promotes learning and its use leads to a reduced number of errors in learner texts.
# Bojan Banjac

Bojan Banjac (Serbian Cyrillic: Бојан Бањац; born 24 October 1971) is a former Serbian association footballer.

## Career

After playing with FK Zemun in the First League of FR Yugoslavia, Banjac moved to France in 1996 where he played 23 Ligue 1 games for Lille OSC in 1996–97 season. Banjac had impressed in Zemun's 1996 UEFA Intertoto Cup group stage against Lille's rivals Guingamp, and Jean-Michel Cavalli signed him before the start of the 1996–97 season.
# Bombotown

Bombotown is a village and suburb of Robertsport in Grand Cape Mount County on the northern coast of Liberia.
It is located about 300m from the city.
# Bombrini-Parodi-Delfino

Bombrini-Parodi-Delfino (better known as BPD), was a chemical company founded in 1912 by Giovanni Bombrini and Leopoldo Parodi-Delfino to produce gunpowder and explosives. Around its location in Colleferro (south of Rome) soon grew a small town attracting manpower from the nearby farms. After World War I, BPD expanded its activities on fertilizers and cement at nearby Segni (Società Calce e Cementi). In 1938 an explosion in the gunpowder plant killed 60 people. After World War II, BPD diversified into metalworking, textiles and chemistry. The last remaining owner, the Parodi-Delfino family, entered a joint venture with SNIA-Viscosa in 1968. SNIA's chemical division was thereafter named SNIA BPD until BPD was sold to Simmel Difesa, when it was renamed SNIA SpA.

## BPD contribution to missile research

BPD played an important role in developing missile solid fuels. In 1952, on behalf of the Aeronautica Militare, BPD patented a solid fuel based on nitro-glycerine and cellulose nitrate, the first step in developing experimental missiles on an industrial scale. The Aeronautica_Militare also contracted BPD to develop a meteorological missile, called the 160-70, employing two propulsion systems. The 160-70 was successfully employed in many launches between 1961 and 1963. In 1961 state and private companies merged; publicly owned Finmeccanica and the private firms BPD and FIAT were incorporated into the Società Generale Missilistica Italiana.
SNIA-BPD also developed a series of air-to-surface rockets in the 1980s as part of the Medusa rocket system. The rockets were of 51-mm, 81-mm, and 122-mm caliber.
# Katarina Kieri

Katarina Kieri (born 15 January 1965) is a Swedish writer.
She was born in Luleå and studied recreation education at the Luleå College of Education. She taught for almost ten years and then took a course in creative writing. In 1993, she published a collection of poetry Slutet sällskap ("Private Party"). Kieri has also written columns for newspapers and magazines and worked as a radio broadcaster. She has served on the board for the Swedish Writers' Union and for the Swedish Authors' Fund.
In 2004, she was awarded the August Prize for a young adult novel Dansar Elias? Nej! ("Does Elias Dance? No!"). She received the Astrid Lindgren Prize in 2012 and is now a member of the jury for the Prize.
Kieri is married and has two daughters. She lives in Uppsala.
# Katarina Konow

Katarina Konow born in Gnosjö in Jönköping County is a Swedish model and beauty pageant titleholder who placed 1-runner up in Miss Universe Sweden in 2012, and represented Sweden in Miss International 2012 in Japan. Konow now holds the title Miss International Sweden 2012.
# Harold Robert Buckley

Captain Harold Robert Buckley (4 April 1896 – 13 June 1958) was a World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.

## World War I service

Buckley was one of the American pilots who came to aviation via an ambulance service. Once in France, he joined the U.S. Army Air Service in Paris. He found himself assigned to the 95th Aero Squadron in March 1918. Between 30 May and 27 September 1918, he downed four enemy airplanes and an observation balloon.

## Post World War I

When the war ended, Buckley stayed in Paris. He wrote an unofficial history of the 95th Aero called Squadron 95 in 1933; fellow squadron member Lansing Holden illustrated it. The book has been in publication as recently as 1972.

## Honors and awards

Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Harold Robert Buckley, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Perle, France, August 10, 1918. Lieutenant Buckley was on a patrol protecting a French biplane observation machine, when they were suddenly set upon by six enemy planes. Lieutenant Buckley attacked and destroyed the nearest, and the remainder fled into their own territory. He then carried on with his mission until he had escorted the allied plane safely to its own aerodrome.
Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) Oak Leaf Cluster
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Harold Robert Buckley, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near Neville, France, and Boureuilles, France, September 16–27, 1918. Lieutenant Buckley dived through a violent and heavy antiaircraft and machine-gun fire and set on fire an enemy balloon that was being lowered to its nest. On the next day, while leading a patrol, he met and sent down in flames an enemy plane while it was engaged in reglage work.

## Writing career

Buckley wrote a variety of short stories and screenplays,