OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sara Bache-Wiig

Sara Bache-Wiig (October 4, 1894 – September 9, 1971) was a Norwegian-born American mycologist and botany professor.

## Early life and education

Bache-Wiig was born in Bøn, Norway, the daughter of Carl Bache-Wiig and Bertha Myher Bache-Wiig. Her father was a chemical engineer. Her uncle was engineer Jens Bache-Wiig. She graduated from Smith College in 1918, and earned a master's degree in plant pathology at Cornell University in 1919, with a thesis titled "The Graftage of Fruit Trees". She pursued further studies in Paris in the 1920s, and she completed doctoral studies at Cornell in 1939 under advisor Harry Morton Fitzpatrick.

## Career

Bache-Wiig taught botany at Smith College for 41 years, chaired the department twice, and was acting curator of the school's herbarium in 1948. Her professional publications included "Contributions to the Life History of a System Fungous Parasite, Cryptomycina Pteridis" (1939), "Further Notes on Cryptomycina Pteridis" (1952), and "The Fungistatic Barrier Effect of "S-Coated" Cotton Used as Vial Plugs" (1954), which all appeared in the journal Mycologia.
Bache-Wiig also wrote poems "A Jester", "Morning", and "Unscientific Investigation", for the Smith College Monthly. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the National Consumers League, the American Association of University Professors, the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, and of the Mycological Society of America.

## Personal life

Bache-Wiig died in 1971, aged 76 years.
# Sadler

Sadler may refer to:
* Sadler (surname), people with the surname Sadler
* James Sadler and Sons Ltd English pottery manufacturer
* Sadler, Kentucky, United States; an unincorporated community
* Sadler, Texas, United States; a city
* Sadler report, 19th century British report on child labor
# Joseph Akichi

Joseph Akichi (born 1933 in Memni) was an Ivorian clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand-Bassam. He became ordained in 1963. He was appointed bishop in 1982. He died in 1993.
# Bradford & Bingley International

Bradford & Bingley International (BBI) was the international banking subsidiary of Bradford & Bingley, which was itself acquired by the Santander Group in 2008.
On 5 August 2011, the business of BBI was transferred to Alliance & Leicester International (ALIL), also a subsidiary of Santander, ahead of the expiry of a trademark licence on the Bradford & Bingley name and image. ALIL was also on the Isle of Man and offered a range of international savings accounts primarily to Isle of Man residents and British expatriates but also to non-domiciles living in the UK, Channel Island residents and expatriates worldwide. The business of ALIL was transferred to the Isle of Man branch of Santander UK plc on 7 May 2013.

## History

The company was established in 1989 and had grown to hold over £3 billion in deposits before it was purchased by Abbey National, the UK subsidiary of the Santander Group as part of the deals surrounding UK Government nationalisation of Bradford & Bingley plc, along with the UK savings business.
In October 2009 it was announced that both Bradford & Bingley International and Alliance & Leicester International had made two appointments of the same people to their boards and both banks were moved into the wealth management division of Santander UK. Abbey International, also part of the group, was renamed Santander Private Banking in 2011.
Bradford & Bingley International was merged into Alliance & Leicester International on 5 August 2011 in advance of the expiration of a trademark licence on the Bradford & Bingley name and image in September 2011.
# Kusum Forest Park

Kusum Forest Park is a forest park in the Gambia. Established on January 1, 1954, it covers 316 hectares.
It is located in the east of the country, in the Upper River Region in the Kantora district. To the west of the area is Garowol and to the east the area is bounded by the Gambia River.
# Sullia Assembly constituency

Sullia is one of the 224 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Karnataka in India.
It is part of Dakshina Kannada district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly
### Mysore State

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1957 | Subbaya Naik | Indian National Congress |
| 1962 | Subbaya Naik | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | A. Ramachandra | Swatantra Party |
| 1972 | P. D. Bangera | Indian National Congress |

### Karnataka

| Year | Member | Party |
| 1978 | A. Ramachandra | Janata Party |
| 1983 | Bakila Hukrappa | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1985 | K. Kushala | Indian National Congress |
| 1989 | K. Kushala | Indian National Congress |
| 1994 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1999 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2004 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2008 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2013 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2018 | S. Angara | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2023 | Bhagirathi Murulya | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results
### 2023

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Sullia :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | Bhagirathi Murulya | 93,911 | 57.01 | +0.48 |
| | INC | G. Krishnappa Ramakunja | 63,037 | 38.27 | −2.78 |
| | JD(S) | H. L. Venkatesh | 1,850 | 1.12 | |
| | AAP | Sumana Bellarkar | 1,587 | 0.96 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 2,562 | 1.56 | +0.78 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 30,874 | 18.74 | +3.26 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 164,732 | 79.89 | −4.81 |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |

### 2018

2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election: Sullia :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | BJP | S. Angara | 95,205 | 56.53 | +11.4 |
| | INC | B. Raghu | 69,137 | 41.05 | |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 1,310 | 0.78 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 26,068 | 15.48 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 168,412 | 84.7 | |
| | BJP hold | BJP hold | Swing | | |
# Kurthi Jafarpur

Kurthi Jafarpur is a census town in Mau district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

## Demographics

Religion in Kurthi Jafarpur (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Islam | Islam | 75.77% | 75.77% |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 24.03% | 24.03% |
| Sikhism | Sikhism | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Christianity | Christianity | 0.12% | 0.12% |
| Others | Others | 0.03% | 0.03% |
As of 2001 India census, Kurthi Jafarpur had a population of 11,943. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kurthi Jafarpur has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 49%. In Kurthi Jafarpur, 23% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Nadro

Nadro (Nàder in camunian dialect) is an Italian hamlet (frazione) of the comune of Ceto (BS), Lombardy. It has 655 inhabitants.
It lies 75 km from Brescia, along the strada Statale 42 del Tonale e della Mendola and is situated in Val Camonica.
Nadro is a medieval town developed around the tower house of the noble Gaioni's family, dating to the 15th century. It represents the main access to the riserva naturale Incisioni rupestri di Ceto, Cimbergo e Paspardo, a large area with numerous petroghlyphs; the "didactical museum of the reserve" (Museo didattico della riserva) is there.

## Gallery

* Nadro from north
* "Via Piana", main street in Nadro
* Museo didattico della riserva
* Nadro's land
* Ancient buildings in Nadro
* House-tower of Nadro
* Terracement (stone-wall) or "ruk" in camunian dialect
* Loc. Giarelli and industrial area of Nadro
# Kuungkari

The Kuungkari are an indigenous Australian people of Queensland. They are to be distinguished from the Kunggari.

## Name

According to an early Migrant, J. Heagney, the word kuungkari (koongerri) meant "dry."

## Country

The traditional tribal lands of the Kunggari occupied 14,000 square miles (36,000 km$^2$) with extensive stretches of open grasslands. They lived around the eastern bank of the Thomson and also on Cooper (Barcoo) rivers. Their western extensions ran to Jundah. The northern boundary lay at Westland and in the vicinity of Longreach. Towards the east, they took in Avington, Blackall, and Terrick Terrick. Their southern frontier ran from the western flank of the Grey Range through to Cheviot Range, Powell Creek, and Welford.

## Social organization

The Kuungkari were divided into at least five hordes.
* Torraburri
* Yankibura
* Mokaburra

## Initiation

They were one of the tribes that did not adopt the rite of circumcision into their initiatory practices.

## History of contact

White settlement in this area began around 1874-1878. It was estimated that at the time of first contact, the population of this area, including not only the Kuungkari, but two other tribes (the Bidia), was around 1,200. By 1883, women outnumbered the men, and an observer explained the reason:
   "The women at present (1883) considerably outnumber the men, many of the latter having been shot down by the Whites and Native Police when they first established themselves in the district... Since the advent of the Whites, few children are reared—the rifle, syphilis, and debauchery having, as usual, commenced the work of extermination."

## Alternative names

* Koonkerri
* Kunggari
* Kungeri, Koongerri
* Yangeeberra
* Tarawalla. (eastern dialect name).
# Waydown Wailers

Waydown Wailers are an American blues, rock, swamp rock, and Americana band composed of brothers Dave and Christian Parker, Michael (Scruffy) Scriminger, Joey Thomas, and Connor Pelkey. Their album, Backland Blues (2018), was well received and topped out at #5 on the Blues Rock Chart. The musical group has toured extensively in the Northeastern US and has been the opening act for Lady Antebellum, The Charlie Daniels Band, and Jerrod Niemann, among others.

## Music career

Waydown Wailers were formed in 2011. Brothers, David Parker (guitar/vocals) and Christian Parker (guitar) joined up with Michael (Scruffy) Scriminger (drums) and later Connor Pelkey (bass) and Joe Thomas (keyboards/guitar/vocals) joined the band. The musical group has toured extensively in the Northeastern US and has released three studio albums with songs charting on the blues and blues rock charts.
* Albums
* 2013 - State of the Union - produced by Professor (Aaron L. Hurwitz) Louie on Woodstock Records
* 2016 - Empty Promises - produced by Professor Louie on Woodstock Records - was on the Grammy nomination ballot for Best Americana Album. Their song Jealousy, was on the ballot for Best Americana Roots Song, and their cover of the Creedence Clearwater Revival song, Susie Q, was on the ballot for Best Americana Roots Performance.
* 2018 - Backland Blues - produced by Professor Louie on Woodstock Records
* Radio Airplay
* Whiskey and Cornbread (Empty Promises) charted at #17 IndieWorld Country Record Report - October 14, 2016
* Backland Blues charted at # 5 on the Blues Rock Album chart on June 23, 2018 charted at #7 on The New York Blues chart on January 1, 2019.
# Wayen-Zam

Wayen-Zam is a town in the Zam Department of Ganzourgou Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,285.
# To Let

To Let is the debut studio album from Australian roots musician Xavier Rudd. It was released in 2002 and peaked at No. 7 on the ARIA Hitseekers Albums Chart in March 2004.
# To Light a Candle (film)

To Light a Candle is a documentary by journalist Maziar Bahari, author of the memoir Then They Came for Me.
The film highlights the persecution of Baháʼís in Iran, and focuses on the stories of those individuals associated with the shutdown of Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education. The film had its World Premiere at Stanford University in May 2014. The film was narrated by actor and activist Nazanin Boniadi.
It follows a number of other films on the same topic, most notably Iranian Taboo (2011) by Reza Allamehzadeh and The Gardener (2012) by Mohsen Makhmalbaf.
# Sumiyoshi Shrine (Hokkaidō)

Sumiyoshi Shrine (住吉神社, Sumiyoshi Jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Otaru, Hokkaido. Its annual festival is on July 15. The kami Kamitsusu no O no Ōkami (上筒之男大神), Nakatsutsu no O no Ōkami (中筒之男大神), Sokotsutsu no O no Ōkami (底筒之男大神), Okinagaranushihime no Ōkami (息長足姫大神), Onamochi no Ōkami (大名持大神), Sukunabikona no Ōkami (少彦名大神) and others are enshrined here.
# We're Outta Here!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
We're Outta Here! is the fourth live album by the American punk band the Ramones. It was released on November 18, 1997, through Eagle Rock Records.

## Background

The album was recorded for Billboard Live at The Palace in Los Angeles, California on August 6, 1996, when the Ramones performed their final concert. The show featured several special guests, including former band member Dee Dee Ramone, as well as members of bands who were influenced by the Ramones such as Lemmy from Motörhead, Eddie Vedder from Pearl Jam, Tim Armstrong and Lars Frederiksen of Rancid, and Chris Cornell and Ben Shepherd of Soundgarden. We're Outta Here! is the only album by the Ramones to receive a Parental Advisory sticker, due to vocalist Joey Ramone shouting out profanities during or in between songs.

## Personnel

Ramones
* C. J. Ramone – bass guitar; backing vocals; lead vocals on "The Crusher", "Wart Hog", and "R.A.M.O.N.E.S."
* Joey Ramone – lead vocals
* Johnny Ramone – guitar
* Marky Ramone – drums
Guest musicians
* Tim Armstrong – guitar on "53rd & 3rd"
* Lars Frederiksen – guitar and vocals on "53rd & 3rd"
* Lemmy Kilmister – bass guitar and vocals on "R.A.M.O.N.E.S."
* Dee Dee Ramone – lead vocals on "Love Kills"
* Ben Shepherd – guitar on "Chinese Rock"
* Eddie Vedder – vocals on "Anyway You Want It"
# Tokugawa Munetake

Tokugawa Munetake (徳川 宗武, January 21, 1716 – July 15, 1771) was a Japanese samurai of the mid-Edo period, also known as Tayasu Munetake (田安 宗武). The first head of the Tayasu branch of the Tokugawa clan, he held daimyō-level income, but was not a daimyō himself, instead having his residence inside the Tayasu gate (Tayasu-mon 田安門) of Edo Castle. His child-hood name was Kojiro (小次郎). When his mother, Okon died in 1722, he was raised by Okume no Kata, one of Yoshimune's concubines.

## Biography

He was the second son of the eighth shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune with his concubine, Okon no Kata. Munetake was considered by some as the logical choice for heir, as he was both physically fit and also well-educated. However, Yoshimune preferred the route of primogeniture, instead selecting his son Ieshige as heir. Munetake subsequently turned his attention to writing and scholarship, and set the Tayasu house apart from the other two gosankyō houses by keeping it spartan. He had several sons who were brought up in this spartan environment, one of whom was the famed reformer Matsudaira Sadanobu. His wife was Morihime, daughter of Konoe Iehisa.
As a scholar, Munetake was a student of kokugaku. He studied under Kada no Arimaro and Kamo no Mabuchi, eventually producing the kokugaku texts Kokka hachiron yogen (国歌八論余言) and Tenkō-gon (天降言). He was also an accomplished poet.
As head of the prestigious Tayasu-Tokugawa house, Munetake held the court title of gon-chūnagon (権中納言) and the junior 3rd court rank (jusanmi 従三).

## Family

* Father: Tokugawa Yoshimune
* Mother: Okon no Kata (d.1723) later Hontokuin
* Adopted Mother: Okume no Kata later Kakuju-in (1697-1777)
* Wife, concubine, children:
** Wife: Konoe Moriko (1721-1786) later Horen-in
*** Keijiro (1745-1753)
*** Tokugawa Haruaki
*** Makotohime (1741-1759) Date Shigemura's fiancée
*** Yuhime (1743-1743)
*** Tetsunosuke (1747-1752)
*** Nakahime (1751-1779) married Ikeda Shigehiro
*** Setsuhime (1756-1815) married Mori Haruchika
** Concubine: Oyama no Kata later Kaisen-in
*** Shukuhime (1744-1815) married Nabeshima Shigeharu
*** Matsudaira Sadanobu
*** Matsudaira Sadakuni (1757-1804) inherited Iyo-Matsuyama Domain
*** Mikuzumi (1747-1753)
*** Tanehime (1765-1794) married Tokugawa Harutomi
*** Sadahime (1767-1813) married Matsudaira Haruyoshi
** Concubine: Omori no Kata
*** Otogiku (1752-1753)
** Concubine: Hayashi no Kata
*** Osamuhime (1756-1820) married Sakai Tadanori
# Sunnmøre Fotballkrets

The Sunnmøre Fotballkrets (Sunnmøre Football Association) is one of the 18 district organisations of the Norwegian Football Federation. It administers lower tier football in the traditional district of Sunnmøre.

## Background

Sunnmøre Fotballkrets is the governing body for football in the traditional district of Sunnmøre, which is a part of Møre og Romsdal county. The Association currently has 66 member clubs. Based in Ålesund, the Association's chairman is Lena Charlotte Pedersen.

## Affiliated Members

The following 66 clubs are affiliated to the Sunnmøre Fotballkrets:
* Aafk Fortuna
* Aalesunds FK
* Åheim IL
* Aksla IL
* Ålesund Døves AK
* Åmdal IL
* Bergsøy IL
* Blindheim IL
* Brandal IL
* Brattvåg IL
* Dalsfjorden FK
* Ellingsøy IL
* Emblem IL
* Fiskerstrand IL
* Fjørtoft TIL
* Flø IL
* Folkestad IL
* Giske IL
* Gjerdsvika IL
* Godøy IL
* SK Guard
* Gursken IL
* Gurskøy IL
* Haddal IL
* Haramsøy/Nordøy FK
* Hareid IL
* Harøy IL
* Hasundgot IL
* SK Herd
* Hjørungavåg IL
* IL Hødd
* Hovdebygda IL
* Hundeidvik IL
* Kvamsøy IL
* Langevåg IL
* Larsnes IL
* Larsnes/Gursken FK
* Lepsøy IL
* Moltustranda IL
* Mork IL
* MSIL
* IL Norborg
* Norddal/Eidsdal/Geiranger FK
* Ørskog IL
* Ørsta IL
* IL Ravn
* SK Rollon
* Sæbø IL
* Sandsøy IL
* SIF/Hessa IL
* Skodje IL
* Spjelkavik IL
* Stordal IL
* Stranda IL
* Sunnylven IL
* FK Sykkylven
* Sykkylven IL
* Tjørvåg IL
* IL Valder
* Valldal IL
* Vanylven FK
* Vartdal TIL
* Velledalen og Ringen FL
* Vigra IL
* Volda Student IL
* Volda TI

## League competitions

Sunnmøre Fotballkrets run the following league competitions:

### Men's football

4. divisjon - one section 5. divisjon - one section 6. divisjon - three sections

### Women's football

2. divisjon - one section (section 5 with Trøndelag Fotballkrets)
3. divisjon - one section

## Footnotes

* ↑ "Sunnmøre Fotballkrets" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Football Federation. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
* ↑ "Kretsstyret" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Football Federation. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
* ↑ "Klubber i Sunnmøre Fotballkrets" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Football Federation. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
# Tizzard's Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador

Tizzard's Harbour is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## Geography

Tizzard's Harbour is in Newfoundland within Subdivision H of Division No. 8.

## Demographics

As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Tizzard's Harbour recorded a population of 55 living in 28 of its 62 total private dwellings, a change of 3.8% from its 2011 population of 53. With a land area of 1.83 km$^2$ (0.71 sq mi), it had a population density of 30.1/km$^2$ (77.8/sq mi) in 2016.

## Government

Tizzard's Harbour is a local service district (LSD) that is governed by a committee responsible for the provision of certain services to the community. The chair of the LSD committee is Rosemary Boyd.
# Källén–Lehmann spectral representation

The Källén–Lehmann spectral representation, or simply Lehmann representation, gives a general expression for the (time ordered) two-point function of an interacting quantum field theory as a sum of free propagators. It was discovered by Gunnar Källén in 1952, and independently by Harry Lehmann in 1954. This can be written as, using the mostly-minus metric signature,
    $\Delta (p)=\int _{0}^{\infty }d\mu ^{2}\rho (\mu ^{2}){\frac {1}{p^{2}-\mu ^{2}+i\epsilon }},$
where $\rho (\mu ^{2})$ is the spectral density function that should be positive definite. In a gauge theory, this latter condition cannot be granted but nevertheless a spectral representation can be provided. This belongs to non-perturbative techniques of quantum field theory.

## Mathematical derivation

The following derivation employs the mostly-minus metric signature.
In order to derive a spectral representation for the propagator of a field $\Phi (x)$, one considers a complete set of states $\{|n\rangle \}$ so that, for the two-point function one can write
    $\langle 0|\Phi (x)\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle =\sum _{n}\langle 0|\Phi (x)|n\rangle \langle n|\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle .$
We can now use Poincaré invariance of the vacuum to write down
    $\langle 0|\Phi (x)\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle =\sum _{n}e^{-ip_{n}\cdot (x-y)}|\langle 0|\Phi (0)|n\rangle |^{2}.$
Next we introduce the spectral density function
    $\rho (p^{2})\theta (p_{0})(2\pi )^{-3}=\sum _{n}\delta ^{4}(p-p_{n})|\langle 0|\Phi (0)|n\rangle |^{2}$.
Where we have used the fact that our two-point function, being a function of $p_{\mu }$, can only depend on $p^{2}$. Besides, all the intermediate states have $p^{2}\geq 0$ and $p_{0}>0$. It is immediate to realize that the spectral density function is real and positive. So, one can write
    $\langle 0|\Phi (x)\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle =\int {\frac {d^{4}p}{(2\pi )^{3}}}\int _{0}^{\infty }d\mu ^{2}e^{-ip\cdot (x-y)}\rho (\mu ^{2})\theta (p_{0})\delta (p^{2}-\mu ^{2})$
and we freely interchange the integration, this should be done carefully from a mathematical standpoint but here we ignore this, and write this expression as
    $\langle 0|\Phi (x)\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle =\int _{0}^{\infty }d\mu ^{2}\rho (\mu ^{2})\Delta '(x-y;\mu ^{2})$
where
    $\Delta '(x-y;\mu ^{2})=\int {\frac {d^{4}p}{(2\pi )^{3}}}e^{-ip\cdot (x-y)}\theta (p_{0})\delta (p^{2}-\mu ^{2})$.
From the CPT theorem we also know that an identical expression holds for $\langle 0|\Phi ^{\dagger }(x)\Phi (y)|0\rangle$ and so we arrive at the expression for the time-ordered product of fields
    $\langle 0|T\Phi (x)\Phi ^{\dagger }(y)|0\rangle =\int _{0}^{\infty }d\mu ^{2}\rho (\mu ^{2})\Delta (x-y;\mu ^{2})$
where now
    $\Delta (p;\mu ^{2})={\frac {1}{p^{2}-\mu ^{2}+i\epsilon }}$
a free particle propagator. Now, as we have the exact propagator given by the time-ordered two-point function, we have obtained the spectral decomposition.
# Sunil Kumar Choudhary

Captain Sunil Kumar Choudhary (1980–2008) was an officer in the Gorkha regiment of the Indian Army and belonged to the 7/11 Gorkha Rifles. Choudhary served for three years and was awarded with Kirti Chakra (posthumous) and Sena Medals.

## Early life and education

Sunil Kumar Choudhary was born on 22 June 1980 in Kathua district in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. His father, P. L. Choudhary, also served in the Indian Army and held the rank of lieutenant colonel. Choudhary was educated in the Kendriya Vidyalaya until secondary education and then attained undergraduate degree from Garware College of Commerce in Pune. He then completed a Master of Business Administration course from Savitribai Phule Pune University (Pune), India before joining the Indian army.

## Army service

While Choudhary was completing his MBA his younger brother, Ankur Chaudhary, was selected in National Defence Academy and was undergoing his training in Khadakwasla. In the training academy there was a statue of Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, who was posthumously awarded India's highest military honor Param Vir Chakra. Pandey was also in the 11 Gorkha Rifles. Sunil Kumar Choudhary was inspired by Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey and dropped his MBA and joined the Indian Military Academy on 1 Jul 2003. After joining, he expressed a desire to be a part of 11 Gorkha Rifles. Upon passing out from the academy on 10 December 2004, Choudhary moved to Fort William, Kolkata and joined the Gorkha Rifles in February 2005. In May 2006, he was posted to Tinsukia district for counter-insurgency operations against the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA).
Choudhary killed two commanders of ULFA. Due to his services in Assam, he was awarded the Sena Medal on 26 Jan 2008.

## Death

On 27 January 2008 Choudhary was instructed to carry out an operation to encounter 7-9 ULFA militants who had taken shelter in two houses in the village Rangagarh. Choudhary led a team of three to attack the house with help from another attack team. He was shot in the chest by the militants but continued to fight and killed two militants. Choudhary died almost exactly 24 hours after he was awarded the Sena Medal for gallantry.
Choudhary was awarded Kirti Chakra posthumously.