# Christophorus oder Die Vision einer Oper

Christophorus (oder Die Vision einer Oper) is an opera in a prologue, two acts and epilogue by Franz Schreker with a German-language libretto by the composer.

## Composition history

Begun in 1925, work on the opera was interrupted by the composition of Der singende Teufel during 1927–28. Schreker returned to Christophorus in 1928, completing it in 1929. The work is dedicated to Arnold Schoenberg.

## Context

Schreker's previous opera, Irrelohe, premiered in 1924, had received a lukewarm response, its late-Romanticism being seen as out of step with the newer values of Neoclassicism and Neue Sachlichkeit being explored by a younger generation of composers. Christophorus was conceived and written partly in response to this new aesthetic and uses the smallest performing forces of any Schreker opera with a reduced orchestra and no chorus. This, together with the contemporary setting, the use of spoken dialogue and jazz and popular music elements, anticipates important aspects of the "Zeitopern" of the later 1920s as represented by works such as Krenek's Jonny spielt auf (1927) and Weill's Dreigroschenoper (1928).
An early, unrealised scenario for the opera included a plan to incorporate film interludes, foreshadowing the use of the same device in Alban Berg's Lulu (1929-35).

## Performance history

Originally scheduled for performance at the Theater Freiburg in 1933, pressure from the National Socialists forced its cancellation due to the composer's Jewish ancestry. Freiburg finally staged the premiere on 1 October 1978. A concert performance was given in Vienna in 1991 with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra conducted by Ingo Metzmacher and a fully staged production at Kiel Opera in 2002.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Freiburg 1 October 1978 (Conductor: Klaus Weise) | Kiel 14 June 2002 (Conductor: Ulrich Windfuhr) |
| Meister Johann | Bass | Jan Alofs | Hans Georg Ahrens [de] |
| Lisa, his daughter | Soprano | Patricia Stasis | Susan Bernhard |
| Anselm | Tenor | Luis Glockner | Robert Chafin |
| Christoph | Baritone | Steven Kimbrough | Jörg Sabrowski |
| Heinrich | Baritone | | Matthias Klein |
| Amandus | Baritone | | Bernd Gebhardt |
| Ernst | Tenor | | Hans-Jürgen Schöpflin |
| Frederik | Baritone | | Simon Pauly |
| The Child (boy) | Mezzo-soprano | | Luise Kinner |
| Florence, a medium | Soprano | | Monika Teepe |
| Etta, Lisa's maid | Spoken role | | Marita Dübbers |
| Starkmann, editor | Spoken role | | Roland Holz |
| Rosita | Mezzo-soprano | | Jennifer Arnold |
| Dr. Hartung | Bass-baritone | | Matthias Klein |
| Silia | Spoken role | | Simon Pauly |
| Mabel | Spoken role | | Marita Dübbers |
| Hotel guests | | | |

## Synopsis

Prologue
Anselm, a young composition student, is set an assignment by his teacher Meister Johann to write a string quartet after the legend of St. Christopher. Deciding that the subject calls for dramatic treatment, Anselm instead resolves to write an opera in which he himself, his composer friend Christoph and wife Lisa (with whom Anselm is in love) are all to play parts.
Act 1
It is a year later and Anselm is hard at work on the opera. Christoph has decided to renounce composition in favour of marriage and family. After the birth of a child, Lisa is feeling unfulfilled and tormented by the loss of her looks and figure. She is increasingly attracted to Anselm, who has composed a scene for her in which she appears as a dancer representing sin and seduction. Anselm and Lisa grow increasingly aroused. Discovering them in flagrante, Christoph shoots and kills Lisa. Christoph flees with Anselm.
Act 2
Anselm and Christoph, now on the run, find themselves in a seedy night-club where they are entertained by a cabaret singer, Rosita. In a séance held by the Abbé Caldani, Christoph, high on opium, attempts to make contact with his dead wife. The scene grows increasingly intense and chaotic. Anselm realises that he is losing control of his own work.
Epilogue
Dream and reality have become hopelessly blurred. Anselm, terrified by what he has created, is unable to complete the opera and calls for his teacher for help. Meister Johann leads him back to the idea of music at its simplest and most direct. Anselm duly begins to write the string quartet.

## Instrumentation

* flute (doubling piccolo 2), piccolo (doubling flute 2), oboe, cor anglais (doubling oboe 2), clarinet in B flat/A, bass clarinet (doubling basset horn), bassoon, contrabassoon;
* 3 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, tuba;
* timpani, percussion (including musical saw), harp, piano, celesta, guitar, banjo;
* strings
Onstage: tenor saxophone, piano, percussion, harmonium (ad lib.)

## Recordings

Christophorus: Georg Ahrens, Susanne Bernhard, Jörg Sabrowski, Robert Chafin, Matthias Klein, Bernd Gebhardt, Hans-Jürgen Schöpflin, Simon Pauly, Jennifer Arnold, Kieler Opernchor, Philharmonisches Orchester Kiel, Ulrich Windfuhr, CPO.