OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Buton Rinchen Drub

Butön Rinchen Drup (Tibetan: བུ་སྟོན་རིན་ཆེན་གྲུབ་, Wylie: bu ston rin chen grub), (1290–1364), 11th Abbot of Shalu Monastery, was a 14th-century Sakya master and Tibetan Buddhist leader. Shalu was the first of the major monasteries to be built by noble families of the Tsang dynasty during Tibet's great revival of Buddhism, and was an important center of the Sakya tradition. Butön was not merely a capable administrator but he is remembered to this very day as a prodigious scholar and writer and is Tibet's most celebrated historian.

## Biography

Buton was born in 1290, "to a family associated with a monastery named Sheme Gomne (shad smad sgom gnas) in the Tropu (khro phu) area of Tsang ... [his] father was a prominent Nyingma Lama named Drakton Gyeltsen Pelzang (brag ston rgyal btshan dpal bzang, d.u.). His mother, also a Nyingma master, was called Sonam Bum (bsod nams 'bum, d.u.)."
Buton catalogued all of the Buddhist scriptures at Shalu, some 4,569 religious and philosophical works and formatted them in a logical, coherent order. He wrote the famous book, the History of Buddhism in India and Tibet at Shalu which many Tibetan scholars utilize in their study today.
After his death he strongly influenced the development of esoteric studies and psychic training in Tibet for centuries. The purpose of his works were not to cultivate paranormal magical abilities but to attain philosophical enlightenment, a belief that all earthly phenonoma are a state of the mind. He remains to this day one of the most important Tibetan historians and Buddhist writers in the history of Buddhism and Tibet.
Panchen Sönam Drakpa (1478-1554), the fifteenth abbot of Ganden monastery, became known as an incarnation of the great lama and historian, Bütön Rinchen Drupa.
# National Stadium (Solomon Islands)

The Solomon Islands National Stadium is the national stadium of the Pacific island nation of the Solomon Islands and is located in the capital Honiara. The 10,000-seat venue was originally constructed as the main venue for the 2023 Pacific Games and was given to the country as a gift from the People's Republic of China at a cost of USD $71 million. The venue can host association football, rugby, and athletics. At time of construction, it was the largest infrastructure project that China had undertaken in the Oceania region.

## History

The Solomon Islands were granted hosting rights to the 2023 Pacific Games in 2016. Originally, plans were to construct the new main stadium in Burns Creek before shifting to the Solomon Islands National University sports grounds. By 2019, the Solomon Islands government recognized that it would have difficulty funding necessary infrastructure projects. In July of that year, the government signed a memorandum of understanding with Taiwan for the latter to construct the stadium. About the donation, Secretary to the Prime Minister Jimmie Rodgers said, "The stadium is another example of the cordial relations between Solomon Islands and Taiwan".
After the Solomon Islands switched political allegiance from Taiwan to the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government committed to providing grants for the construction of the stadium and other projects for the games around the capital. At the time, both parties believed construction would begin in May 2021 and take twenty-four months to complete. Groundbreaking took place on 5 May 2021 with contracting work completed by the China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation and architecture work done by the Central South Architectural Design Institute. However, construction was significantly delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Construction was also slowed by the discovery of unexploded World War II munitions that were discovered during excavation. The official handing-over ceremony for the finished stadium took place on 14 September 2023.
The first event held at the stadium was a friendly association football match between the Solomon Islands women's national team and Vanuatu scheduled for late October 2023.

## Controversies

Many members of the public and government, including opposition leader Matthew Wale, criticized the hosting of the Pacific Games and costs of construction and its long-term benefits. He believed other issues, such as public healthcare, should be prioritized. BenarNews reported that Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare argued that the country's economy would have collapsed if it were not for the positive financial impact of the games. There were also concerns regarding China's expected return for funding the games and the cost to maintain the venues in the future.
# Lake Effect

Lake Effect may refer to:
* Lake-effect snow, a weather phenomenon commonly produced in cool atmospheric conditions
* Lake Effect (journal), an American literary journal
* Lake Effect (film), a horror film directed by Sam Qualiana
# Town of Sandgate

The Town of Sandgate is a former local government area of Queensland, Australia, located in northern Brisbane adjacent to Moreton Bay.

## History

Land in Sandgate became available in 1853, allowing a small seaside settlement to develop. By 1874, coach services connected Sandgate to Brisbane. The railway line from Brisbane to Sandgate opened in 1882.
On 29 April 1880, Sandgate was proclaimed a municipality known as the Borough of Sandgate.
The Local Authorities Act 1902 replaced all Divisions and Boroughs with Towns and Shires, creating the Town of Sandgate on 31 March 1903.
On 1 October 1925, it was amalgamated into the City of Brisbane.
From its first settlement Sandgate relied on inadequate water supplies from tanks and the local lagoons. Many investigations into better water supplies were carried out over the years, but it was not until November, 1921, that Sandgate was connected to the Brisbane water supply system. At the official opening, the Minister for Works, Mr. W. Forgan Smith, described this as "a historic occasion."

## Sandgate Town Hall

The original Sandgate Town Hall was designed by Richard Gailey and built in 1882 at Kate Street, Shorncliffe but burned down on 24 May 1910.
Its replacement was built in 1911–1912 at 5 Brighton Street, Sandgate to be closer to the Sandgate railway station and the Sandgate Post Office. After the amalgamation into City of Brisbane, the Sandgate Town Hall was used as a library, School of Arts and a health clinic. Today it is used as meeting rooms available for use by community groups.
The Sandgate Town Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 2005.

## Mayors

From the inception of the Town Council the elected aldermen chose one of their number to be mayor for the ensuing year. This changed in 1921 when the mayor was elected directly by the voters from a separate list of mayoral candidates. In 1924 the procedure was changed again, and the aldermanic candidate receiving the most votes became mayor.
* 1880–1881: Edward Barton Southerden
* 1882-1884: William Deagon
* 1885: William John Farmer Cooksley
* 1886: Samuel Maxwell
* 1887–1888: Hiram Wakefield
* 1889: Thomas Lefroy Holmes
* 1890: Joseph Darragh
* 1891: Walter Barrett
* 1892: Roger Hale Sheaffe
* 1893: Martin Quinlan
* 1894: John Aloysius Hayes
* 1895: George Tyrer Lightbody
* 1896: Alfred William Field
* 1897: Frederick William Ball Mann
* 1898-1899: William Henry Bell
* 1900: Thomas Lee
* 1901: Thomas Strong
* 1902: George Staeheli
* 1903: John Aloysius Hayes
* 1904-1905: William Henry Bell
* 1906: John Edward Selves Plumridge
* 1907: John Gilpin
* 1908: John Lunn
* 1909: Albert Henry William Clarkson
* 1910-1911: Frank Gowen
* 1912: John Gilpin
* 1913: Charles Douglas Ferguson
* 1914-1915: John Lunn
* 1916: Edward E. Quinlan
* 1917-1919: William Henry Bowser
* 1920-1921a: James John Dalton
* 1921b-1923: William Henry Bowser
* 1924-1925: Ernest William Smith
# Town of St Arnaud

The Town of St Arnaud was a local government area about 240 kilometres (149 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The town covered an area of 25.92 square kilometres (10.0 sq mi), and existed from 1861 until 1994. Its area was surrounded by the Shire of Kara Kara.

## History

St Arnaud was first incorporated as a municipal district on 16 August 1861. It became a borough on 1 October 1863, and a town on 17 October 1950.
On 20 January 1995, the Town of St Arnaud was abolished, and along with the City of Stawell and parts of the Shires of Ararat, Avoca, Donald, Dunmunkle, Kara Kara, Stawell and the Grampians National Park section of the Shire of Wimmera, was merged into the newly created Shire of Northern Grampians.

### Wards

The Town of St Arnaud was not subdivided into wards, and the nine councillors represented the entire area.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1954 | 3,037 |
| 1958 | 3,170* |
| 1961 | 3,150 |
| 1966 | 3,003 |
| 1971 | 2,779 |
| 1976 | 2,786 |
| 1981 | 2,721 |
| 1986 | 2,692 |
| 1991 | 2,741 |
* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.
# Town of Thebarton

The Town of Thebarton was a local government area of South Australia from 1883 until 1997. It was seated at the village of Thebarton, now an inner west suburb of Adelaide.

## History

The township of Thebarton was split from the City of West Torrens and incorporated on 8 February 1883 as a municipality called the Corporation of Thebarton. The municipality was divided into four wards: Strangways, Musgrave, Torrens and Jervois. The inaugural mayor was proclaimed to be Benjamin Taylor and the councillors were proclaimed as Thomas Prichard, James Vardon, Edward Cunliffe Hemingway, William Pepper, James Bernard Broderick, Richard Wilson, Joseph Stevenson and James Manning.
At the time of incorporation, all of the modern suburb of Thebarton and most parts of the modern suburbs of Torrensville and Mile End defined the extent of the municipality of Thebarton. The town boundaries were formalised with the River Torrens and Adelaide parklands forming the northern and eastern borders. The town was bordered on the west by the modern Hardys Road, Rankine Road and Bagot Avenue, and the southern boundary was between one and two city blocks north of the modern Sir Donald Bradman Drive, running from Bagot Avenue to the parklands.
In March 1997, the municipality of Thebarton was amalgamated with the City of West Torrens to form the City of West Torrens Thebarton. Mere months later the name of the new body reverted to West Torrens.

## Neighbouring local government

The following adjacent local government bodies co-existed with the Thebarton town council:
* District Council of Woodville lay northwest until 1993 when it amalgamated with the Town of Hindmarsh to form the City of Hindmarsh Woodville.
* Town of Hindmarsh lay north and northeast until 1993 when it amalgamated with the City of Woodville.
* City of Adelaide western parklands lay east and southeast.
* District Council of West Torrens lay immediately south, southwest and west. From 1944 it was called the Town of West Torrens and, from 1950, the City of West Torrens.
# Swiss Congregation

The Swiss Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation is a grouping of Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland or with significant historical Swiss connections.

## Foundation

The congregation was founded, at the urging of the Papal legate to Switzerland, in 1602, with a significant reform agenda. Of the nine Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland which had survived the Reformation, seven had joined by 1604. Disentis Abbey was prevented at first by considerations of the sensitive politico-religious situation in Graubünden, but joined in 1617. Beinwil Abbey had been dissolved in 1554, but the community was still together, and at last, after it had been decided that a re-foundation would take place at Mariastein, joined in 1647.
As at 1647, therefore, the congregation included all the extant Benedictine monasteries in Switzerland:
* Einsiedeln Abbey (May 1602)
* Fischingen Abbey (May 1602)
* Muri Abbey (May 1602)
* St. Gall Abbey (May 1602)
* Pfäfers Abbey (Nov 1602)
* Rheinau Abbey (1603)
* Engelberg Abbey (1604)
* Disentis Abbey (1617)
* Mariastein Abbey (1647)

## Changes

The fortunes of Roman Catholic establishments in Switzerland were turbulent, especially in the 19th century. All were dissolved as a consequence of the French Revolution in 1798, but were restored by Napoleonic decree in 1803, with the exception of St. Gall, where the Prince-Abbot refused to make the necessary political concessions. The politics of the Swiss cantons brought about the dissolution of Pfäfers (1838), Muri (1841), Fischingen (1848) and Rheinau (1863), of which Muri was re-founded in 1845 at Gries in what is now the Italian province of South Tyrol and Fischingen not until 1977, as an independent priory.
The "Kulturkampf" caused the dissolution of Mariastein in 1874/75. The exiled community sought refuge first in France, and, exiled again in 1901, in Austria, where they settled at Bregenz, only to be deported yet again in 1941, by the Gestapo. The Swiss government then allowed them as political refugees to re-occupy their old monastery, which was however not re-established as such until 1973.
The outlook for Swiss Roman Catholics during the "Kulturkampf" was so bleak that Einsiedeln and Engelberg began a programme of establishing new religious houses in the United States of America so that the remaining monasteries and nunneries in Switzerland would have a refuge if they were all exiled. Eventually the crisis passed, but the new foundations took on a life of their own as the Swiss-American Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation.
Political changes outside Switzerland brought the addition of Marienberg Abbey in South Tyrol, which transferred from the Austrian Congregation in 1931.

## Present membership

The member houses of the Swiss Congregation are presently as follows:
* Einsiedeln Abbey
* Fischingen Priory (re-founded in 1977)
* Engelberg Abbey
* Disentis Abbey
* Marienberg Abbey (since 1931; in South Tyrol)
* Mariastein Abbey (re-founded in 1970/71)
* Muri-Gries Abbey (since 1845 in South Tyrol; head of the congregation)
# Trainer

Trainer may refer to:

## Entertainment

* Trainer (album), an album released by Plaid in 2000
* Trainer (TV series), a British TV series
* The Trainer, a 2009 British play written by David Wilson and Anne Aylor
* Trainer!, a 2013 German documentary by Aljoscha Pause
* Trainer (film), transliteration of Coach, a 2018 Russian film by Danila Kozlovsky

## Equipment and technology

* Trainer (bicycling), a device that attaches to a bicycle and makes it stationary for indoor training
* Trainer (aircraft), an aircraft used for training pilots
* Trainer (footwear), an athletic shoe, in British and Hong Kong English
* Trainer (games), software for computer and video games that adds in extra options, usually to make the game easier
* Arc Trainer, a stationary, non-impact exercise machine
* Goair Trainer, an Australian monoplane
* Holdfast Trainer, a South Australian sailing dinghy
* Marendaz Trainer, a two-seat low-wing training aircraft
* Radlock Trainer, a single seat primary glider

## Places

* Trainer, Pennsylvania, United States
* Trainer, West Virginia, United States
* Trainer Glacier, a glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica
* Trainer Hills, a mountain range in California, United States
* Treene (disambiguation), a river and municipality in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany

## Professions

* Animal training, a person who trains animals for obedience, tricks, and work
* Athletic trainer, a certified and licensed health care professional who practices in the field of sports medicine
* Horse trainer, a person responsible for preparing a horse for horse racing
* Personal trainer, a person who guides another person in developing physical fitness
* Trainer (business), or facilitator, a person who educates employees of companies on specific topics of workplace importance

## Other uses

* Trainer card, a Pokémon trading card
* Trainer (surname)
# Trainee Cupid

Trainee Cupid (Chinese: 見習愛神) is the first Standard Chinese album by Hong Kong Cantopop girl group, Twins, released in 2005 by Emperor Entertainment Group. Various versions of this album exist, including of Hong Kong (3 version), Taiwan (3 version), Singapore/Malaysia (2 version) and China (2 version) versions. Also karaoke DVD and VCD versions of Trainee Cupid, featuring music videos of the songs listed below with few extra bonus videos, was released in August 2005.
The music video for Starlight Amusement features Taiwanese artist Danson Tang.
The tracks Trainee Cupid and Starlight Amusement were nominated for Top 10 Gold Songs at the Hong Kong TVB8 Awards, presented by television station TVB8, in 2005.
The album was awarded one of the 十大銷量國語唱片獲獎名單; 'Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year' at the 2005 IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI.

## Track listing

| Track | Name | Romanization | Translation | Footnotes |
| 1. | 無敵超人 | pinyin: Wúdí chāorén | Invincible Superman | Mandarin version of 大紅大紫 |
| 2. | 見習愛神 | pinyin: Jiànxí àishén | Trainee Cupid | Mandarin version of 明愛暗戀補習社 |
| 3. | 莫斯科沒有眼淚 | pinyin: Mòsīkē méiyǒu yǎnlèi | Moscow Has No Tears | Mandarin version of 下一站天后 |
| 4. | 只要我長大 | pinyin: Zhǐyào wǒ zhǎngdà | Only wish I could grow up | Mandarin version of 眼紅紅 |
| 5. | 香濃 | pinyin: Xiāng nóng | Hot perfume | |
| 6. | 瓶中沙 | pinyin: Píng zhōng shā | Sand in the bottle | |
| 7. | 一半女生 | pinyin: Yībàn nǚshēng | Half Schoolgirl | |
| 8. | 星光遊樂園 | pinyin: Xīngguāng yóulèyuán | Starlight Amusement | |
| 9. | 同樣的兩個夢 | pinyin: Tóngyàng de liǎnggè mèng | Identical Dreams | Mandarin version of 風箏與風 |
| 10. | 數彩虹 | pinyin: Shù cǎihóng | Counting Rainbows | |
| 11. | 老鼠愛大米 (in Cantonese) | Jyutping: lou5 syu2 ngoi3 daai6 mai5; pinyin: Lǎoshǔ ài dàmǐ | Mouse loves rice | Not included in some versions of the album |
| 12. | 老鼠愛大米 | pinyin: Lǎoshǔ ài dàmǐ | Mouse loves rice | Not included in some versions of the album |
* Note: All track in Standard Chinese (Mandarin Chinese) unless otherwise stated
# White City (Bellingham)

White City was an amusement park located at Lake Whatcom's Silver Beach in Bellingham, Washington.
White City opened in 1906 and closed in 1919. The park had a wooden roller coaster, plus a hotel, dance hall and an ice cream parlor. White City was named because of its "white" electric lights.
# White Sulphur Springs, North Carolina

White Sulphur Springs (sometimes seen as just Sulphur Springs) is an unincorporated community in Surry County, North Carolina, United States on the outskirts of the city of Mount Airy near the Virginia state line. The community sits on the Ararat River and once served as a popular late-nineteenth century resort (Powell 1968, p. 291). The community's name comes from the White Sulphur Springs Hotel that once stood here.
# Toyi-toyi

Toyi-toyi is a Southern African dance used in political protests in South Africa.
Toyi-toyi could begin as the stomping of feet and spontaneous chanting during protests that could include political slogans or songs, either improvised or previously created.

## Use during apartheid

Toyi-toyi was often used for intimidating the South African police and security forces during anti-apartheid demonstrations. The toyi-toyi was also used with chants such as the African National Congress's "Amandla" ("power") and "Awethu" ("ours") or the Pan African Congress's "One Settler, One Bullet".
After the 1976 Soweto massacre, the anti-apartheid movement became more militant. The toyi-toyi, a military march dance and song style became commonplace in massive street demonstrations. As one activist puts it, "The toyi-toyi was our weapon. We did not have the technology of warfare, the tear gas and tanks, but we had this weapon."

## Current use in South Africa

After Apartheid ended, people have used toyi-toyi to express their grievances against current government policies. Use of the dance has become very popular during service delivery protests and among trade unions. The Anti-Privatisation Forum has come out with a CD that they see as a compilation of music specially for toyi-toying.

## General

The UK band, UB40, incorporated the "Amandla, Awethu" chant into Sing Our Own Song from the 1986 album Rat In The Kitchen.
In October 2004 Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe banned toyi-toyi even indoors because of its use as a protest.
# Sybra conicollis

Sybra conicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1927.
# White-cheeked partridge

The white-cheeked partridge (Arborophila atrogularis) is a species of partridge in the family Phasianidae, native to Asia.

## Distribution and habitat

It is found mainly in Northeast India, northern Myanmar, and northeast Bangladesh, inhabiting dense undergrowth in primary and secondary evergreen forest; this sometimes includes adjacent areas of scrub, bamboo, grassland and cultivated land. In India, the species occurs generally at altitudes below 750 m, but may be found at up to 1,220 m in South-East Asia.

## Conservation

The white-cheeked partridge is currently classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Population numbers are unknown, but it appears to be scarce now in areas where it was previously reported as common, and is apparently under pressure from habitat loss and hunting.
# White-cheeked starling

The white-cheeked starling or grey starling (Spodiopsar cineraceus) is a passerine bird of the starling family. It is native to eastern Asia where it is a common and well-known bird in much of its range.

## Taxonomy

The white-cheeked starling was formerly placed in the genus Sturnus. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus was polyphyletic. In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the white-cheeked starling and the red-billed starling were moved to the resurrected genus Spodiopsar that had been introduced in 1889 by Richard Bowdler Sharpe. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

White-cheeked starlings are 24 cm in length. The adult male is mainly dark grey-brown with a paler belly and a whitish band across the rump. The head is blackish with whitish cheeks and forehead. There is a white border to the tail and white markings on the secondary wing feathers. The legs are pale orange and the bill is orange with a black tip. Adult females are similar to the males but paler and duller.
The juvenile is brown with pale cheeks and rump and no black tip to the bill.
The loud, monotonous call is a series of harsh, creaking notes.

## Distribution and ecology

The breeding range covers central and north-east China, Korea, Japan and south-east Siberia. In winter, birds from colder regions migrate south to southern and eastern China, South Korea, southern Japan, Taiwan and northern Vietnam with vagrants reaching the Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar. There is a record from Homer, Alaska in 1998 which probably arrived with a ship (West 2002).
It inhabits woodland, farmland, and open country and has also adapted to parks and gardens in urban areas. It is most common in lowland areas (usually below 700m in Japan).
It has a varied diet which includes fruit and insects such as mole crickets.
The breeding season lasts from March to July and often two clutches of eggs are laid during that time. The nest is built in a hole in a tree or building or in a nestbox. Four to nine eggs are laid and are incubated for 14 to 15 days. The young birds fledge 13 to 15 days after hatching.