OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chabauty topology

In mathematics, the Chabauty topology is a certain topological structure introduced in 1950 by Claude Chabauty, on the set of all closed subgroups of a locally compact group G.
The intuitive idea may be seen in the case of the set of all lattices in a Euclidean space E. There these are only certain of the closed subgroups: others can be found by in a sense taking limiting cases or degenerating a certain sequence of lattices. One can find linear subspaces or discrete groups that are lattices in a subspace, depending on how one takes a limit. This phenomenon suggests that the set of all closed subgroups carries a useful topology. It is also linked to the Hausdorff topology for closed subsets of metric spaces.
This topology can be derived from the Vietoris topology construction, a topological structure on all non-empty subsets of a space. More precisely, it is an adaptation of the Fell topology construction, which itself derives from the Vietoris topology concept.
# Chabay

Chabay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leslie Chabay (László Csabay, 1907–1989), Hungarian tenor opera singer
* Nelson Chabay (1940–2018), Uruguayan footballer
* Ruth Chabay (born 1949), American physics educator
# Ceratocystis tanganyicensis

Ceratocystis tanganyicensis is a plant-pathogenic saprobic fungal species first found in Africa, infecting Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus species.
# Ceratocystis polyconidia

Ceratocystis polyconidia is a plant-pathogenic saprobic fungal species first found in Africa, infecting Acacia mearnsii and Eucalyptus species.
# Chaetonema

Chaetonema is a genus of green algae in the family Aphanochaetaceae.
# Malva tournefortiana

Malva tournefortiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Morocco, Portugal, Spain and France. A hexaploid, it is in section Bismalva with M. moschata and M. alcea.
# Ceroplesis sumptuosa

Ceroplesis sumptuosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1875. It is known from South Africa, Angola, Zimbabwe and Malawi.
# Chaetogaedia

Chaetogaedia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

* Chaetogaedia analis (Wulp, 1867)
* Chaetogaedia aurata Blanchard, 1963
* Chaetogaedia auricephala (Blanchard, 1963)
* Chaetogaedia crebra (Wulp, 1890)
* Chaetogaedia desertorum (Townsend, 1908)
* Chaetogaedia filialis (Reinhard, 1945)
* Chaetogaedia monticola (Bigot, 1887)
* Chaetogaedia ochricauda (Wulp, 1890)
* Chaetogaedia ochriceps (Wulp, 1892)
* Chaetogaedia rufifrons (Wulp, 1890)
* Chaetogaedia rufostylata (Bigot, 1887)
* Chaetogaedia tessellata (Giglio-Tos, 1893)
* Chaetogaedia townsendi Sabrosky & Arnaud, 1965
* Chaetogaedia vilis (Wulp, 1890)
# Chanca

Chanca or Chanka may refer to:
* Chanca people, an ethnic group of Peru
* Chanca Quechua, a language of Peru
* Chhanka, a mountain in Peru
* Cerro Chanka, a lava dome in Peru
* Chança River, a river in Spain and Portugal
# Chahe, Rudong County

Chahe (Chinese: 岔河; pinyin: Chàhé) is a town in Rudong County, Nantong, Jiangsu.

## Villages

As of 2020, it administers the following five residential neighborhoods and 22 villages:
* Yingchun Community (迎春社区)
* Yanchuan Community (燕川社区)
* Zhenbei (镇北)
* Qiguo (其国)
* Guba (古坝)
* Zhenxing Village (振兴村)
* Tangqiao Village (汤桥村)
* Nanqiao Village (南桥村)
* Jinhe Village (金河村)
* Jinqiao Village (金桥村)
* Xingfa Village (兴发村)
* Jinfa Village (金发村)
* Longfa Village (龙发村)
* Xinghe Village (兴河村)
* Yinhe Village (银河村)
* Xinba Village (新坝村)
* Xinqiao Village (新桥村)
* Zhenhe Village (振河村)
* Xingbei Village (兴北村)
* Xingang Village (新港村)
* Gubei Village (古北村)
* Lugang Village (陆港村)
* Qixiu Village (启秀村)
* Badong Village (坝东村)
* Sanlian Village (三联村)
* Longfeng Village (龙凤村)
* Yulin Village (玉林村)
# Cesar Conde (artist)

Cesar Conde (born September 23, 1963) is a Filipino-born American artist. He came to Seattle in the early 1970s, when his family emigrated to the United States. Both his parents were white-collar professionals. Conde went to a public school in Seattle and was part of the first busing integration program. However, his first year of schooling was in Chicago's west side, where he was exposed to African-American, Latino and Polish communities. He grew up pressured to assimilate in the American culture in order to survive.
Travel exposed Conde to different cultures, which is reflected in his art. He learned to draw in Florence, Italy and studied painting in Monflanquin, France.

## Exhibitions

Southside Weekly said "Conde's art is art that does, and when looking at his portraits, one cannot help but feel that art can and must do things for us, that it must be strong, not flimsy. Indeed, that is Conde's whole goal: to remind us of the hard truths under the surface of our biases and judgments, lest we forget what happened to Trayvon," Jake Bittle, November 20, 2013
His work is featured in the Chicago Contemporary.
# Chaetolopha incurvata

Chaetolopha incurvata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in India and Taiwan.
# Malmidea volcaniana

Malmidea volcaniana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Malmideaceae. It is found in Venezuela. A major characteristic of the species is the coralloid (coral-shaped) clumps of isidia-like outgrowths on the thallus surface.

## Taxonomy

The lichen was formally described as a new species in 2021 by the German lichenologist Klaus Kalb. The type specimen was collected from the Cerro El Volcán (Miranda), at an altitude of 1,460 m (4,790 ft). The species epithet refers to the type locality.

## Description

Malmidea volcaniana is a crustose lichen with a continuous thallus that ranges in thickness from 20 to 40 μm. The thallus is characterised by verrucose formations that are more or less spherical and coalesce with age, forming coralloid clumps of thin, isidia-like outgrowths. These formations are dull and vary in colour from greenish grey to ash-grey. The species has soralia that are more or less punctiform, measuring around 0.01 mm in diameter and intense orange-yellow in colour, emerging from warts that break off at the tips. These soralia react K+ (purple) and P+ (wine-red) to chemical spot tests.
The medulla of the verrucae and thallus is orange-yellow and also reacts to potassium hydroxide (K+ purple) and P+ (wine-red). The photobiont of this species is chlorococcoid, with cells measuring 6–8 μm in diameter.
Apothecia in Malmidea volcaniana are sessile and rounded, measuring between 0.3 and 0.8 mm in diameter and 0.2–0.3 mm in height. The apothecial discs are initially flat but become distinctly convex with age, coloured beige to chocolate-brown. The excipulum is of the granifera-type, entire, and ranges in colour from whitish and cream-coloured to greyish, typically paler than the disc. The ectal excipulum is hyaline (translucent), while the medullary excipulum is orange-yellow and filled with opaque, orange-yellow anthraquinones, only partially dissolving in a solution of potassium hydroxide, with a K+ (golden-yellow to golden-orange) reaction.
The subhymenium is around 20 μm high and light brown. The centrally located hypothecium is 75–85 μm high, narrowing towards the margin, and is dark brown in colour, not reacting to potassium hydroxide (K−). The epihymenium is indistinct, and the hymenium measures 75–100 μm in height and is hyaline.
The asci of Malmidea volcaniana are 50–60 μm by 15–20 μm in size, and each contains 6–8 ascospores. These spores lack septa and are broadly ellipsoid with equally thickened walls and a halo of 1–1.5 μm. The spores measure 11–17 by 7–10 μm.
Chemically, this species contains emodin and emodic acid as major or somewhat major lichen products, atranorin and emodin bisanthrone as minor components, and some unknown xantholepinones.
# Cetacean strandings in Tasmania

Cetacean strandings in Tasmania occur for a number of reasons, with Tasmania considered a "'hotspot" for the event. Between 1825 and 1986, 213 stranding events had been recorded, involving 22 species, and over 3000 individuals.

## Causes

Cetacean strandings may occur for a number of reasons. These include natural causes, such as coastal topography and tidal patterns, searching for food, or a change in electromagnetic fields that could disorient them. Other causes include boat strikes, fishing. and pollution, that could result in injuries and stranding. Pilot whales in particular, living in strong social units, sometimes strand themselves to be with family.

## Stranding events
### 2020 long-finned pilot whale stranding

In September 2020, more than 450 long-finned pilot whales stranded in Macquarie Harbour on the western coast of Tasmania, in Australia's worst-ever stranding event. Most were stranded on sandbanks and beaches around the mouth of the harbour. 50 were rescued, with the balance, 380 whales, dying.

### 2022 pilot and sperm whale strandings

In September 2022, fourteen stranded sperm whales at King Island, most of which appeared to be young males according to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment spokesperson, were dead when they were reported in the afternoon of 19 September 2022.
Two days later, on 21 September, 230 pilot whales, including young, stranded at Macquarie Heads, near to the location of and exactly two years after the 2020 stranding. The remote location made it difficult for rescue teams to reach the whales, with teams from the Environment Tasmania Marine Conservation Program working with the Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service and Tasmania Police. The West Coast Council urged members of the public to stay clear unless they were invited by the rescue teams to assist, saying that "Having extra people can really hinder how they go about their rescue efforts." Locals have been covering the animals with blankets and pouring buckets of water over them. As of the morning of 22 September, 35 whales were still alive. Tanya Plibersek, Minister for the Environment and Water, wrote on Twitter: "Very distressing to see a large number of whales stranded in Tasmania. Many thanks to the experts and emergency personnel on site to assist efforts."
# Koné, New Caledonia

Koné (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean. Koné is the provincial seat of the North Province.

## Geography
### Climate

Koné has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The average annual temperature in Koné is 23.7 °C (74.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,034.7 mm (40.74 in) with February as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in February, at around 27.3 °C (81.1 °F), and lowest in July, at around 19.8 °C (67.6 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Koné was 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) on 12 February 1954; the coldest temperature ever recorded was 6.2 °C (43.2 °F) on 21 July 1997.
Climate data for Koné (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1952−present) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.8 (100.0) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.9 (98.4) | 36.8 (98.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 33.5 (92.3) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.5 (90.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 37.2 (99.0) | 37.5 (99.5) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.8 (89.2) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 28.6 (83.5) | 29.9 (85.8) | 31.1 (88.0) | 28.8 (83.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 19.8 (67.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 24.5 (76.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 23.7 (74.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 16.1 (61.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 15.1 (59.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.1 (66.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) | 15.5 (59.9) | 14.0 (57.2) | 11.5 (52.7) | 8.2 (46.8) | 6.3 (43.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 7.0 (44.6) | 8.2 (46.8) | 10.6 (51.1) | 12.0 (53.6) | 6.2 (43.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 135.9 (5.35) | 186.4 (7.34) | 178.9 (7.04) | 81.5 (3.21) | 71.7 (2.82) | 73.4 (2.89) | 49.7 (1.96) | 50.0 (1.97) | 31.2 (1.23) | 29.7 (1.17) | 48.9 (1.93) | 97.4 (3.83) | 1,034.7 (40.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.0 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.2 | 78.0 |
| Source: Météo-France ||||||||||||||

## Politics and regional development

Koné is the seat of the government of the Northern Province, dominated since the Province was established by pro-Independence politicians. The aim has been to develop Koné and neighbouring towns into an economic growth pole, anchored by the large Koniambo project and nickel mine. The idea has been to give Kanak peoples job opportunities independent from France and the loyalist Southern Province. This 'VKP' zone is now established, with a marked increase in business activity, construction, and public facilities (library, cinema, swimming pool) since the mid 2000s.
# Maluti redfin

The Maluti redfin (Pseudobarbus quathlambae) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is colloquially called the Maluti minnow, but it is not a true minnow.
It is Lesotho's only endemic freshwater fish, and threatened by the impact of invasive species, such as Smallmouth yellowfish.
# Koolywurtie

Koolywurtie may refer to.
* The Anglicised version of the local aboriginal name for the headland of Black Point (South Australia)
* Hundred of Koolywurtie, a cadastral unit in Australia.
* Koolywurtie, South Australia, a locality in the Yorke Peninsula Council
# Koolywurtie, South Australia

Koolywurtie is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Yorke Peninsula about 93 kilometres (58 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal seat of Maitland.
Koolywurtie's boundaries were created on 27 May 1999 and given the “local established name” which is derived from the local aboriginal word used for some "nearby native wells."
The 2021 Australian census which was conducted in August 2021 reports that Koolywurtie had a population of 101 people.
Koolywurtie is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Narungga and the local government area of the Yorke Peninsula Council.
# Chalgari

Chhalgari or chalgari is a town and union council of Kachhi District or Bolan District (old name) in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 82 metres (272 feet).
# Xerochlamys diospyroidea

Xerochlamys diospyroidea is a plant in the family Sarcolaenaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.

## Description

Xerochlamys diospyroidea grows as a shrub or small tree. Its dark green, leathery leaves measure up to 4.5 cm (2 in) long. Its flowers are in inflorescences of two to eight flowers, with pink to white petals. The roundish fruits measure up to 1.0 cm (0.4 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

Xerochlamys diospyroidea is only found in the Ambatofinandrahana District of the central region of Amoron'i Mania. Its habitat is evergreen woods from 1,300–1,830 metres (4,300–6,000 ft) altitude.

## Conservation

Xerochlamys diospyroidea is threatened by wildfires and by logging for its wood. There are some subpopulations in the Itremo New Protected Area.
# XHACN-FM

XHACN-FM is a radio station on 107.1 FM in León, Guanajuato. It is owned by Radio Fórmula and carries its Trión rock format.

## History

XEACN-AM 910 received its concession on October 18, 1971. It was owned by Rafael Cutberto Navarro and broadcast with 500 watts from San Francisco del Rincón. In 1988, it was sold to Amplitud Modulada de León, with a further sale in 2001 to Radio Fórmula.
XEACN migrated to FM in 2011 and In March 2017, Radio Fórmula launched the Trión format in four cities, including León.
# XHACT-FM

XHACT-FM was a radio station on 91.7 FM in Actopan, Hidalgo, part of the Radio y Televisión de Hidalgo state radio network.

## History

XHACT received its most recent permit in 1999.
# XHACC-FM

XHACC-FM is a radio station on 93.3 FM in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, known as La Voz del Puerto.

## History

XEACC-AM 870 received its concession on April 10, 1979. It was owned by Miguel Olvera Monroy until 2005.
XEACC received approval to migrate to FM in May 2013.
# Three-toed skink

The three-toed skink can refer to several animals, all of the family Scincidae:
* Algerian three-toed skink (Chalcides mertensi)
* Italian three-toed skink (Chalcides chalcides)
* Moroccan three-toed skink (Chalcides pseudostriatus)
* Three-toed earless skink (Hemiergis decresiensis)
* Three-toed snake-tooth skink (Coeranoscincus reticulatus)
* Western three-toed skink (Chalcides striatus)
* Yellow-bellied three-toed skink (the genus Saiphos)
# Thompsonulidae

Thompsonulidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Harpacticoida.
Genera:
* Caribbula Huys & Gee, 1990
* Thompsonula Scott, 1905
# Kottenborn

Kottenborn is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It has a population of 172 (2019).
# Chemmad

Chemmad is a town and a commercial hub of Tirurangadi ,which is situated in Malappuram district of Kerala state, India. Administrative headquarters of Tirurangadi Taluk, is a fast-growing town in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. Darul Huda Islamic University the first Private and Islamic university in the Malabar region, is located north-west part DHU area.

## Geography

The town is located 7 km (4.3 mi) east of the Parappanangadi Railway station. The Tirurangadi Police Station,

## Government. Buildings

Taluk Hospital, Telephone Exchange, Sub Road Transport Office, Mini Civil Station and Tirurangadi Taluk (district administration) offices are all located within Chemmad. Apart from Tirur, it is considered one of the larger trade centers of the western part of the Malappuram District, and has undergone an influx of people from other areas over the last 10 years.CK Nagar is close nearest village in chemmad . venchali is the largest paddy cultivation area in kerala

## Educational institutions

Darul Huda Islamic University which was established as an Islamic Academy in 1986 and formally upgraded to a university in May 2009 is located in Chemmad.
college and Schools
* Govt High School Trikkulam
* National English Medium Higher Secondary School, Chemmad
* Kuthubuzzaman English Medium Higher Secondary School
* Govt LP school Ck nagar
* Proffessers college of advanced studies
* Chemmad Arts college

## Healthcare

* Govt Taluk Headquarters Hospital Tirurangadi
* Chemmad Nursing Home
* Pathoor Nursing Home
* Karuna Cancer Hospital and Research Center
* Government Veterinary Dispensary Tirurangadi
* Lailas Hospital
* Dr Ahmmed koya health care

## Villages and Suburbs

* Parakkadavu
* Alinchuvadu
* Manipaadam
* Kariparambu
* Venchali 9 th turning
* CK Nagar
* Mamburam
* Kodinchi
* Ambalappadi
* Kumbankadavu
* Pantharangadi

## Image Gallery

* Water Lilly Field in Chemmad
* Darul Huda Islamic University
* Tirurangadi Taluk Office
* A paddy field in Chemmad
# The Longstones

The Longstones are two standing stones, one of which is the remains of a prehistoric 'cove' of standing stones, at grid reference SU089693, close to Beckhampton in Avebury parish, in the English county of Wiltshire.
Two stones are visible, known as 'Adam' and 'Eve' although the latter is more likely to have been a stone that formed part of the Beckhampton Avenue that connected with Avebury. The avenue probably terminated here, although it may have extended further to the south-west beyond the stones. William Stukeley recorded the site in the 18th century when it was only partially destroyed, and suggested it extended further, although modern excavation and archaeological geophysics have not confirmed this.
Adam is the larger of the two stones, weighing an estimated 62 tons, and along with three others formed a four-sided cove. Excavations carried out jointly by the Universities of Leicester, Newport and Southampton in 2000 revealed the socket holes for the other stones which were tightly placed close to Adam. The cove had been open on its south-eastern side which faced towards the nearby South Street barrow, 130m away. The other stones were removed in the post-medieval period by a local landowner.
Adam fell over in 1911 and was re-erected by Maud Cunnington in 1912. She also found a Beaker inhumation of a middle-aged man buried close by the stone. In 1933 the stones were scheduled as an ancient monument.
# Letras & Poesía

Letras & Poesía (Spanish for “Letters & Poetry”) is a nonprofit literary collaborative project aiming at the Spanish-speaking world. With over 60 authors from 13 countries, it deals with three different areas:
* a digital platform with short stories, poems and opinion articles,
* poetry slams,
* on-site literary gatherings.
The project also features an online shop with anthologies and other books written by its authors.
Some authors of Letras & Poesía are juries in relevant literary contests.
# Scythris skukuzensis

Scythris skukuzensis is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in South Africa (Mpumalanga).
# Technological apartheid

Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term apartheid, partly refers to the practice of keeping certain populations in a separate, lower-class status. It has been used to describe situations that are unintended, such as the absence of computers and information technology in the favelas of Brazil or other impoverished areas.
Some of the technologies in question are dual-use technologies, advanced technologies which can have both civilian and military applications. Some commentators allege that the issue of dual-use technologies is a red herring, and that some advanced-sector nations, who wish to keep the Third World nations as poor client states, withhold technologies that are essential for economic development, using the pretext that they will be used for military purposes.
# Ken Criter

Ken Criter (born February 17, 1947) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Denver Broncos of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). Criter graduated from New Holstein High School in New Holstein, Wisconsin. He went on to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers. A linebacker at Wisconsin, Criter became a first-Team All-Big Ten selection in 1967 and 1968.
Criter went on to the AFL where he played for the Denver Broncos in 1969. The Broncos joined the NFL in 1970 and Criter played for them until 1974. During his first two of seasons Criter wore the jersey number 78, but later switched to jersey number 53. He played in 75 games for the Broncos, and served as a linebacker, special teams player, kick returner, and punt returner. During his pro career Criter returned one punt and thirteen kickoffs. During the 1973 season he recorded a safety. The Broncos' special teams unit was referred to as Criter's Critters and Criter was considered an "animal" on the coverage team.
Criter was born to Irmin and Elvira Criter.