OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ISTAF

ISTAF may refer to:
* ISTAF Berlin, an international athletics meet in Berlin
* International Sepaktakraw Federation, the organization that sanctions international competition in sepak takraw
# Clemens House (Huntsville, Alabama)

The Clemens House in Huntsville, Alabama was built in 1835. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The house was originally located at the southeast corner of Clinton Avenue and Church Street, but was moved to the southeast corner of Pratt Avenue and Meridian Street in 2004.
# Claridon, Marion County, Ohio

Claridon is an unincorporated community in Marion County, Ohio, United States. Claridon is located on Ohio State Route 95, 7 miles (11 km) east of Marion, between Marion and Mt. Gilead. The community is served by River Valley Local School District.

## History

Claridon was laid out in 1821. The young community was once a contender for the county seat. A post office called Claridon was established in 1822, and remained in operation until about 1831. Some confusion exists about the date of the establishment of the post office because there existed a Claridon in Geagua County (which opened its post office in 1819, a year before Marion County was even opened to settlement). The first postmaster was Bisby Kilbourn(e). Besides the post office, Claridon had a tavern and a country store.
# Courts of New York

Courts of New York include:

## State courts of New York

Federal courts located in New York
* United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (headquartered in Manhattan, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont)
** United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
** United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
** United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
** United States District Court for the Western District of New York
* United States Court of International Trade (headquartered in New York City)
Former federal courts of New York
# William Ratcliffe (artist)

William Ratcliffe (6 October 1870 – January 1955) was an English painter who was one of the Camden Town Group of artists in early twentieth-century England. Although he never achieved the fame of other members of the Group, such as his friend and mentor Harold Gilman, he remained a full-time artist throughout his life, relying on the support of friends and family.

## Early life and education

William Whitehead Ratcliffe was born on 6 October 1870 in the village of Clenchwarton, near Kings Lynn (Norfolk, UK), the youngest of four children. His father, Zachariah, was a draper's assistant.
The family moved to Gorton, near Manchester, while Ratcliffe was still young. After leaving school and while working as a clerk for a cotton merchant, he attended evening classes at the Manchester School of Art, whose director of design at the time was Walter Crane, and learned wallpaper design.

## Career

By 1901, Ratcliffe was working for the Wallpaper Manufacturers Combine. Shortly afterwards, his work took him to London, where he discovered the Garden City movement, which drew him to Letchworth Garden City, where he moved in 1906.
By 1907, Ratcliffe was living in Westholm, close to Stanley Parker, brother of the Garden City architect Richard Barry Parker. In 1908, they were joined by Harold Gilman and his wife Grace, forming a small artistic clique. Under Gilman's influence and encouragement, Ratcliffe turned his back on commercial art and illustration, devoting the rest of his life to fine art.

## Death

Ratcliffe died of heart failure and arteriosclerosis in January 1955. His body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium and the ashes dispersed.
# Once a Gangster

Once a Gangster (simplified Chinese: 飞砂风中转; traditional Chinese: 飛砂風中轉 is a 2010 Hong Kong crime comedy film directed by Felix Chong.

## Plot

Gang leader Kerosene discovers that a new recruit is a talented cook and gives him the nickname Roast Pork. When Kerosene becomes the new don, he sets up a chain of restaurants under Roast Pork's control. Years later, Roast Pork's wife wants him to separate from the gang. Due to Kerosene's overwhelming debt, Roast Pork suggests passing the role of don to someone else and letting that person handle the debt. Scissors wants to become don, but the other gang members are against it because they know that his top thug Yan is a police informant. Kerosene wants Roast Pork to be the next don, but Roast Pork's wife is against it, so Roast Pork sets a fire on the sidewalk in front of a bank in order to be arrested and miss the pending election, but other gang members take responsibility for the action and enable Roast Pork to escape.
Lady Pearl, granddaughter of the gang's founder Iron Bodyguard, objects to Roast Pork's nomination as the next Don because the position was promised to her son Swallow by Uncle Tsa in return for Swallow serving a 20-year sentence for a gang killing he performed. Uncle Tsa suggests that the person who retrieves the gang's symbol, the Dragon Tail Baton, from the police should be made the next Don. Swallow is uninterested in the position and wants to go to college instead, but his interview with Hong Kong University is sabotaged by his faithful underlings and his mother, who needs him to remain in the gang so that she has a source for her various drug habits.
Roast Pork pays to have fake Dragon Tail Batons made out of the wood from an antique chair. The items switch hands many times between warring groups of gang members and ultimately Roast Pork and Swallow each arrive at the gang's headquarters with their own Dragon Tail Baton. Uncle Tsa can't remember which one is real, so the two contenders battle for the position of don, shooting and killing each other. Scissors arrives with his own Dragon Tail Baton and is made the new don. After Scissors leaves, Roast Pork and Swallow reveal to Pearl that they faked their deaths. Yan and the police arrest Scissors, the new don.

## Cast

* Ekin Cheng as Swallow
* Jordan Chan as Roast Pork
* Alex Fong as Kerosene
* Michelle Ye as Nancy
* Candice Yu as Lady Pearl
* Wilfred Lau as Yan
* Conroy Chan as Scissors

## Release

The film was released in Hong Kong on 20 May 2010.
# The Best War Ever

The Best War Ever: America and World War II is a revisionist history book written by Dr. Michael C. C. Adams (professor of history at Northern Kentucky University). The book was and first published by the Johns Hopkins University press in 1993 as part of its "American Moment" series, edited by University of Wisconsin–Madison history professor Stanley I. Kutler. In a 2004 survey of American college history instructors, the book was voted #2 in the "most likely to plagiarize" category, finishing just behind Amusing the Million by John Kasson.

## Main thesis and arguments

Adams argues that the historical memory of America's involvement in World War II has been sanitized and replaced by a common set of misconceptions that borders on folklore. Adams specifically cites television programs and motion pictures that have popularized the war as a morally just, popularly supported conflict in which the Allies became the heroes and the Axis Powers, most notably the Nazis and the Japanese, became villains. In this trope, all returning servicemen came back well-adjusted and suffered no mental illness, racial tensions did not exist, and all American soldiers fought with valor and honor. Adams contrasts the idea of the "Best War Ever" with the mythology surrounding the Vietnam War and concludes that the juxtaposition of these two military engagements and their striking differences help reinforce the popular notions surrounding World War II.

## Reception

Professional historians lauded Adams for his willingness to challenge stereotypes surrounding the war. J.T. Hansen, writing in the Journal of American History, said that the book should be "required reading for the writers of jingoistic accounts of World War II.
Temple University professor David Farber also praised Adams for his clear writing style and his comparison of actor John Wayne, one of the most recognizable symbols of American bravery in World War II movies, with Ronald Reagan, a president who, according to Adams, used the World War II mythology to justify his policies and political style while in office. Overall, the reviews in the major historical journals were very favorable.

## Anecdotes

Adams lists a number of historical anecdotes as evidence to his overarching arguments. These include:
The Ball Gunner
Adams takes issue with the glamorization of the "ball gunners," the crew members on B-17 missions who operated the bottom turret guns. Adams uses a magazine advertisement to illustrate the romantic view of the war that advertisers and the American government portrayed at home. A copy of a magazine ad featured the ball gunner under the headline "Giving 'Em Hell in a Goldfish Bowl." Adams contrasts this with the poem The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell, which depicts the gruesome death of a ball gunner who was literally blown to bits by a shrapnel explosion.

## List of chapters

* Mythmaking and the War
* No Easy Answers
* The Patterns of War, 1939-1945
* The American War Machine
* Overseas
* Home Front Change
* A New World
# TAF9

TAF9 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 32kDa, also known as TAF9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF9 gene.

## Function

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein complex that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes one of the smaller subunits of TFIID that binds to the basal transcription factor GTF2B as well as to several transcriptional activators such as p53 and VP16. A similar but distinct gene (TAF9B) has been found on the X chromosome and a pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 19. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

## Structure

The 17-amino-acid-long trans-activating domains (TAD) of several transcription factors were reported to bind directly to TAF9: p53, VP16, HSF1, NF-IL6, NFAT1, NF-κB, and ALL1/MLL1. Inside of these 17 amino acids, a unique Nine-amino-acid transactivation domain (9aaTAD) was identified for each reported transcription factor. 9aaTAD is a novel domain common to a large superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors represented by Gal4, Oaf1, Leu3, Rtg3, Pho4, Gln4, Gcn4 in yeast and by p53, NFAT, NF-κB and VP16 in mammals. TAF9 is supposed to be a universal transactivation cofactor for 9aaTAD transcription factors.

## Interactions

TAF9 has been shown to interact with:
* GCN5L2,
* Myc,
* SF3B3,
* SUPT7L,
* TADA3L,
* TAF5,
* TAF6L,
* TAF10,
* TAF12,
* TAF5L,
* TATA binding protein,
* Transcription initiation protein SPT3 homolog, and
* Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein.
# Cage-Mazumbo

Cage-Mazumbo is a town and commune in the municipality of Nambuangongo, Bengo Province, Angola.
# The District Leader

The District Leader is a musical that premiered in New York City on April 30, 1906, at Wallack's Theatre and closed on May 5, 1906, after eight performances. Music, lyrics, and book were by Joseph E. Howard.

## Show

The show is set in New York City and is in two acts.

## Song List

* Act 1
** One and One Make One - Grace Lowton and Chorus
** A Heart to Let - Florrie Fenshaw and Tom Cole
* Act 2
** Sing Sung Sammy - The Belle of Chinatown and Chorus
** What's the Use of Dreaming - Jim Halloran and Chorus
** Old Broadway - Mr. Partridge and Chorus
** The Big Banshee - Jack Dunning and Chorus
** Union Square - Chinese Maidens

## Cast and crew

The show was staged by Howard, set design by Meixner and Frank Platzer, and costume design by M. Simowitch and Mme. Osborne. The cast included Joseph Allen as Dan Lowton, Miss Barnes as Chinese Maiden, Fred J. Barnes as Mr. Partridge, Allen Bennett as Clinton Goddard, William S. Davis as Willie Carter, Diamond Donner as Florrie Fenshaw, Miss Dupree as Chinese Maiden, Ida Emerson as Valeska Granger, Marie Fanchonetti as Chinese Maiden, Miss. Gordon as Chinese Maiden, Mark Hart as Sam Grady, Joseph E. Howard as Jack Dunning, Leonard B. Hoyt as Hop Lee, Gertrude Jenkins as Chinese Maiden, Dave Lewis as Tom Cole, Charles M. McDonald as Ezra Whittle, Miss O'Neill as Chinese Maiden, Leona Pam as The Belle of Chinatown, Miss Porter as Chinese Maiden, Florence Sinnott as Grace Lowton, Miss Stockwell as Chinese Maiden, E. G. Stockwell as Dutch, Harry Stone as Tim Halloran/Jim Halloran, Mark Sullivan as The Man Who Wants to Bet, Miss Urmazy as Chinese Maiden, and Miss West as Chinese Maiden.
# City of Mildura

The City of Mildura was a local government area on the Murray River, in northwestern Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 29.86 square kilometres (11.5 sq mi), and existed from 1920 until 1995.

## History

Mildura was initially part of the Swan Hill Road District, which covered basically all of what is now northwestern Victoria. Swan Hill was incorporated on 8 July 1862, and became a shire on 14 August 1871. On 10 January 1890, the Shire of Mildura was incorporated from parts of the Lower Murray Riding.
A new shire, Walpeup, was formed in western Victoria on 1 October 1911, taking in some southern areas of Mildura and sections of five other shires. A small part of the shire in and near Mildura was severed on 18 May 1920, and incorporated as a borough, which became the Town of Mildura on 17 July 1922, and the City of Mildura on 21 March 1934. Parts of the Sandilong and Lake Ridings were annexed to the city on 1 October 1971.
On 20 January 1995, the City of Mildura was abolished, and along with the Shires of Mildura and Walpeup, was merged into the newly created Rural City of Mildura.

### Wards

The City of Mildura was not divided into wards, and its nine councillors represented all electors of the city.

## Population

| Year | Population |
| 1954 | 10,972 |
| 1958 | 12,020* |
| 1961 | 12,270 |
| 1966 | 12,931 |
| 1971 | 14,187 |
| 1976 | 14,417 |
| 1981 | 15,763 |
| 1986 | 18,382 |
| 1991 | 20,432 |
* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.
# Courts of Missouri

Courts of Missouri include:

## State courts of Missouri

Federal courts located in Missouri
* United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (headquartered in St. Louis, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota)
* United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri
* United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri
Former federal courts of Missouri
# Two Thousand Years

Two Thousand Years may refer to:
* Two Thousand Years (play), a 2005 play by Mike Leigh
* A song on the Endless Wire album by The Who
* A song on the River of Dreams album by Billy Joel
# Lukose Leelamma

Lukose Leelamma (born 23 May 1969) is an Indian athlete. She won a silver medal in 10000 metres in the 1991 Asian Athletics Championships. She was the National champion in 10000 metres in 1992, 1993, and 1994 and 3000 metres in 1991.
# The Best Way to Travel

"The Best Way to Travel" is a 1968 song by the progressive rock band the Moody Blues. Written by keyboardist Mike Pinder, it was released on the album In Search of the Lost Chord. A wide stereo panning (ping-pong stereo) effect, made by the pan pots on the Decca Studios custom-built four-track recording console (with 20 microphone inputs) used during 1967–68, is noticeable on this track.
The song features Pinder on lead vocals, with Justin Hayward backing the vocals during the chorus. Pinder also plays lead acoustic guitar, with Hayward on electric guitar.
The song was included on the 2010 compilation album A Monstrous Psychedelic Bubble Exploding in Your Mind: Volume 3 by Amorphous Androgynous.
Writing for The Guardian in 2015, music journalist Rob Chapman said: "Keyboard player Mike Pinder's "(Thinking is) The Best Way to Travel" on the In Search of a Lost Chord album is one of the great "show me the universe and get me home for tea" acid songs, and that quintet of late 60s albums is liberally peppered with memorable psychedelic moments.".
An extract of the song appeared as the opening and closing theme music of the TV play Rumour, written and directed by Mike Hodges, broadcast on 2 March 1970 as part of the anthology series ITV Playhouse.

## Personnel

* Mike Pinder ― lead vocals, acoustic guitar, Mellotron
* Justin Hayward ― electric guitar, sitar, backing vocals
* John Lodge ― bass guitar
* Ray Thomas ― flute
* Graeme Edge ― drums, percussion
# Jimmy Maher (hurler)

Jimmy Maher was an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Boherlahan and was a member of the Tipperary senior inter-county team in the 1940s. Maher won two Munster winners' medals with Tipp in 1941 and 1945, as well as a single All-Ireland winners' medal in 1945.
# Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana

Darab Dastur Peshotan Sanjana (18 November 1857 – 5 August 1931) was an Indian scholar and Zoroastrian head-priest (Dastur). He is known for his translations of works from Central Asia, in languages including Bactrian, Pahlavi, and Avestan. He became a member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1893.

## Life

He was the son of Dastur Peshotan Behramji Sanjana, one of the most sophisticated high-priests and authorities on Pahlavi of his time. Bahramji taught the Avesta and Pahlavi to his son at the Sir Jamshedji Jijibhoy Zartoshti Madressa. Darab studied German, French, and Sanskrit and was elected Fellow of the Bombay University. After the death of Behramji in 1898, Darab succeeded his father as the Principal of the Madressa and as the high-priest of the Wadia Atash Behram.
# Coefficient of colligation

In statistics, Yule's Y, also known as the coefficient of colligation, is a measure of association between two binary variables. The measure was developed by George Udny Yule in 1912, and should not be confused with Yule's coefficient for measuring skewness based on quartiles.

## Formula

For a 2×2 table for binary variables U and V with frequencies or proportions
    V = 0V = 1 U = 0ab U = 1cd
Yule's Y is given by
    $Y={\frac {{\sqrt {ad}}-{\sqrt {bc}}}{{\sqrt {ad}}+{\sqrt {bc}}}}.$
Yule's Y is closely related to the odds ratio OR = ad/(bc) as is seen in following formula:
    $Y={\frac {{\sqrt {OR}}-1}{{\sqrt {OR}}+1}}$
Yule's Y varies from −1 to +1. −1 reflects total negative correlation, +1 reflects perfect positive association while 0 reflects no association at all. These correspond to the values for the more common Pearson correlation.
Yule's Y is also related to the similar Yule's Q, which can also be expressed in terms of the odds ratio. Q and Y are related by:
    $Q={\frac {2Y}{1+Y^{2}}}\ ,$
    $Y={\frac {1-{\sqrt {1-Q^{2}}}}{Q}}\ .$

## Interpretation

Yule's Y gives the fraction of perfect association in per unum (multiplied by 100 it represents this fraction in a more familiar percentage). Indeed, the formula transforms the original 2×2 table in a crosswise symmetric table wherein b = c = 1 and a = d = √OR.
For a crosswise symmetric table with frequencies or proportions a = d and b = c it is very easy to see that it can be split up in two tables. In such tables association can be measured in a perfectly clear way by dividing (a – b) by (a + b). In transformed tables b has to be substituted by 1 and a by √OR. The transformed table has the same degree of association (the same OR) as the original not-crosswise symmetric table. Therefore, the association in asymmetric tables can be measured by Yule's Y, interpreting it in just the same way as with symmetric tables. Of course, Yule's Y and (a − b)/(a + b) give the same result in crosswise symmetric tables, presenting the association as a fraction in both cases.
Yule's Y measures association in a substantial, intuitively understandable way and therefore it is the measure of preference to measure association.

## Examples

The following crosswise symmetric table
    V = 0V = 1 U = 04010 U = 11040
can be split up into two tables:
    V = 0V = 1 U = 01010 U = 11010
and
    V = 0V = 1 U = 0300 U = 1030
It is obvious that the degree of association equals 0.6 per unum (60%).
The following asymmetric table can be transformed in a table with an equal degree of association (the odds ratios of both tables are equal).
    V = 0V = 1 U = 031 U = 139
Here follows the transformed table:
    V = 0V = 1 U = 031 U = 113
The odds ratios of both tables are equal to 9. Y = (3 − 1)/(3 + 1) = 0.5 (50%)
# South Pelaw

South Pelaw /ˈpiːlɔː/ is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated immediately to the north of Chester-le-Street.
# International Scott Centenary Expedition 2012

The International Scott Centenary Expedition 2012 was a planned expedition to Antarctica and the last tent site of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, to hold a memorial service on the centenary of his death. The patrons of the expedition included Jonathan Band. The expedition was to be led by Antony Jinman and Felicity Aston, who had previously led the Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition. The expedition's goal was to commemorate the death of Scott.

## Historical background

Robert Falcon Scott's British Antarctic Expedition took place from 1910–1913. The main objective, as expressed by Scott in his prospectus, was "To reach the South Pole and to secure for the British Empire the honour of this achievement". The expedition had further objectives in scientific research and geographical exploration and intended to make "... bagging the Pole merely an item in the results". To achieve this, Scott took with him an extensive team of scientists.

## The expedition

The expedition was to consist of two parties: a sledge team and a flight team. The sledge team would replicate the route of the search party that found Scott and his men. The flight party would include members of the Polar explorers’ families, patrons, and media.
In the event, no trace of the expedition having taken place can be found.
# Two Thumbs Up

Two Thumbs Up may refer to:
* Two thumbs up, a catchphrase from Siskel and Ebert's At the Movies television show
* Two Thumbs Up (film), a Cantonese film 2015
* Two Thumbs Up, a compilation album by German acid group Tab Two
* "Five Stars and Two Thumbs Up", a song by Danielson from the 2006 album Ships
# Once in Trubchevsk

Once in Trubchevsk is a 2019 Russian drama film directed by Larisa Sadilova. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.
# Museum of Antiquities (Rouen)

The Musée des Antiquités (known until around 2016 as the Musée départemental des Antiquités) is a museum in the French city of Rouen, housing archaeological finds from the department of Seine-Maritime. It is classified as a Museum of France.
It was set up in 1831 to house the finds excavated at Lillebonne at the instigation of prefect Henri Dupont-Delporte. Its first director was Achille Deville and one of its first curators was Jean Benoît Désiré Cochet. It suffered a fire on 21 April 1894.
On 1 January 2016, the museum moved to the Métropole Rouen Normandie and it now forms part of the Réunion des Musées Métropolitains Rouen Normandie network.