OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Geodorcus sororum

Geodorcus sororum is a large flightless species of stag beetle in the family Lucanidae. It was discovered in 1973 by Mr. A. Wright on an expedition to Middle Sister Island/Te Awanui, one of The Sisters Islands/Rangitatahi which are part of the Chatham Islands in New Zealand. This holotype specimen is held in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection. It was first described by Beverley Holloway in 2007. The name sororum is translated from Latin to mean "belonging to the sisters".

## Description and taxonomy

This beetle ranges in length (including mandibles) from 18.0 to 28.5 mm (males) and from 19.4 to 24 mm (females). It has a glossy exoskeleton which ranges in colour from reddish-black to black. Like Geodorcus servandus, its elytra are not distinctly ribbed. This is a feature that distinguishes G. sororum from G. capito which is also found in the Chatham Islands. They demonstrate sexual dimorphism with an overall size difference and obvious differences in mandible shape and size. The two species of Geodorcus beetle on the Chatham Islands share a common ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA analysis shows that G. capito and G. sororum are more closely related than either is to the other Geodorcus species found on mainland New Zealand. Individuals of G. sororum are very closely related to each other and have low genetic diversity.

## Distribution

This species has only been observed on Middle Sister Island, which is located 19 km north-west of Chatham Island. Collections of the beetle have been made from near sea level to 40 m. This island is a breeding ground for large seabirds including northern royal albatross and Buller's albatross.

## Habitat

Middle Sister Island has sparse vegetation consisting mainly of coastal herbs and ice plant. Other Geodorcus species are associated with rotten logs, but this habitat is absent from the treeless Sisters Islands, which are two pyramidical rocks about 100 feet high, covered with scanty bushes, and frequented by countless numbers of sea-birds.

## Diet

Geodorcus beetle larvae tend to feed on decaying wood or the fungi involved in decomposition. Geodorcus sororum larvae must consume an alternative, as the plant communities on Middle Sister Island consist only of small shrubs and herbs. The adult beetles must also consume an alternative food source to the other members of this genus, considering the absence of woody vegetation on this small island. The presence of a humus-rich soil should allow this species to complete its life cycle.

## Conservation

Like all Geodorcus species, G. sororum is absolutely protected under Schedule 7 of The 1953 Wildlife Act, making it an offense to collect or harm a specimen. It has a conservation status as nationally critical due to its small population on Middle Sister Island and presence in only one location. The Sisters Islands are currently rodent free. They are visited by birdwatchers and the introduction of rodents would be catastrophic for this species.
# Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Mexico

The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in the USA began to send missionaries to Mexico.

## History

In the late 1870s a presbytery was formed. The official beginning of the denomination is in 1879. The church is active in the Northeastern part of Mexico and in the capital city and Guadalajara. The church is now completely independent from the Associate Reformed Church USA. The denomination has more than 30,000 members in more than 60 churches. Currently there are 4 presbyteries, the Tamaulipas Presbytery. the Veracruz, San Luis Potosí and Las Huastecas Presbyteries.

## Doctrine

The church recognise the historic Presbyterian confessions:
* Westminster Confession of Faith
* Westminster Shorter Catechism
* Westminster Larger Catechism
* Canons of Dort
* Apostle Creed
* Nicene Creed

## Interchurch organisations

The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico is a member church of the World Communion of Reformed Churches.
# Rhododendron russatum

Rhododendron russatum, the purplish-blue rhododendron, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Rhododendron native to south-central China and Myanmar. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Rhododendron selense

Rhododendron selense (多变杜鹃) is a rhododendron species native to southwestern Sichuan, eastern Xizang, and western Yunnan in China, where it grows at altitudes of 2,700–4,000 m (8,900–13,100 ft). It is an evergreen shrub that grows to 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) in height, with leaves that are oblong-elliptic or obovate to elliptic, 4–8 by 2–4 cm in size. The flowers are pink.
It is best seen in its native habitat, where many thousands of plants can be seen flowering during April and May. In cultivation it takes several years to flower.

## Taxonomy

Rhododendron selense was first described by Adrien René Franchet in 1898.

### Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognized:
* Rhododendron selense subsp. dasycladum (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) D.F.Chamb.
* Rhododendron selense subsp. jucundum (Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.) D.F.Chamb.
* Rhododendron selense subsp. selense

## Conservation

In 1998, Rhododendron dasycladum was assessed as "vulnerable" and said to be an endemic of a single mountain in Yunnan, China. As of February 2023, this species is regarded one of the synonyms of Rh. selense subsp. dasycladum, which has a much wider distribution in eastern Tibet, southwestern Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
# Siervas de Nuestra Señora de la Paz

The Siervas de la Nuestra Senora de la Paz, known as the SNSP Sisters is a religious congregation of sisters of Diocesan Right founded in Cebu by a layman named Exequiel Barangan in 1935. Its foundation began in Anislagan, Guadalupe, Carcar, Cebu Inspired by the Holy Spirit, Brother Exequiel started to invite women to form a community of lay women to serve the Church and its people.

## Background

Grounded on its vision of -"A religious community united and inspired by the spirit of the Blessed Virgin Mary, handmaid of the Lord, serving the people who are poor and in need of the love and peace of Christ for the Salvation of all and the Glory of God"- the sisters are gradually growing as is now numbering to about a hundred scattered all over the Philippines.
They are helping the bishops on diocesan works, health ministry and visiting the sick.
# Rialto Hotel

The Rialto Hotel, known since 1980 as the Hailey Hotel, is a historic hotel in Hailey, Idaho, United States. It was a boarding house and cafe built in 1934. In now hosts a bar and, on its upper floor, a radio station, KSKI-FM.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# Sikre

Sikre is a village development committee in Nuwakot District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1911 people living in 354 individual households.
# Sikra

Sikra is a village in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch district of Gujarat, India.

## History

Sikra was once been a large and flourishing town. The chief remains are those of a temple of Mahadev Kageshvar, where, according to the story, Dharan Vaghelo, the great grandfather of Lakha Phulani, used to come every day to worship. The ruins are overgrown with trees. A little to the south of the village, once it is said the heart of the city, is a saint's shrine, and two strong and well built Momna Kanbi tombs built in 1666 (Samvat 1723). Near the shrine is a Jain temple of solid masonry built in 1716 (Samvat 1773) and dedicated to Vasupujya. The marble image of Vasupujya, when in 1785 (Samvat 1842) threatened by the Miyanas, was taken to Adhoi. Near the temple are many memorial stones, one of them bearing as old a date as 1003 (Samvat 1060).
# Sikri, St. Kabir Nagar

Sikri is a village and gram panchayat located in the Sant Kabir Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh state, India.
Bansi, Naugarh, Mehdawal, Khalilabad and Gorakhpur are the nearby cities to Sikri.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census Sikri had a population of 1,811. Males constituted 913 of the population and females 898. Sikri has an average literacy rate of 50.96% lower than state average of 67.68%. Male literacy is 59.19% and female literacy is 43.03%. In Sikri 19.82% of the population is under 6 years of age.
# Astratijs Roškovs

Astratijs Roškovs (born 1939) is a former Lithuanian-Russian-Latvian football central defender who, from 1960 to 1970, played for FK Daugava Rīga.

## Biography

Roškovs came from a very religious family. For the first time Roškovs played football at the age of 14 when his family moved from the countryside to Vilnius. He was very assiduous in training and skipped school very often because of football, however he didn't get much chance to play, not even in goal. Once when Astratijs had run away from church to see Spartak Vilnius play, his father hit him with a stick. Later Astratijs was allowed to play football only if his marks at school were good.
In 1959 he played three matches for Baltika Kaliningrad in the second Soviet league. When his father got transferred to work in construction in Riga, Latvia, Astratijs became a footballer with the local Daugava Rīga. Roškovs was never considered an exceptionally talented player however he was very disciplined and trained hard to be kept on the team and in late 1960s he played for Daugava in nearly all matches.
After retiring from playing Roškovs studied coaching in Moscow. He managed Celtnieks Rīga, FK Jūrnieks and the ladies team of Spartak Moscow. As of January 2008 Roškovs still works with young footballers. He managed youth football club RTU – Rigas stars. He works with footballers who were born in 1995.
# Astraweb

Astraweb is a Usenet/newsgroup service provider. Founded in 1997, Astraweb service is available to individual users through a subscription model and as an outsourced service to Internet service providers. In addition, Astraweb offers 'block accounts' (pay-per-byte).

## Evolution of retention time

Notably Astraweb was responsible for the huge increase of retention on almost all big Usenet services, which was triggered by their announcement to keep files for up to 270 days in December 2008. As of July 2013, retention time for files was up to 1800 days. and in July 2014, retention time for files was up to 2150 days. Later in 2014, retention time was increased to 2278 days. As of 2021 the retention time has increase to 4000 days.
# Richard Annesley

Richard Annesley may refer to:
* Richard Annesley, 3rd Baron Altham (1655–1701), Dean of Exeter and son of Arthur, 1st Earl of Anglesey
* Richard Annesley, 6th Earl of Anglesey (1693–1761), Irish peer, kidnapper and bigamist, son of the 3rd Baron Altham
* Richard Annesley, 2nd Earl Annesley (1745–1824), Irish politician and Member of the Irish Parliament
* Richard John Dighton Annesley, 15th Viscount Valentia (1929–2005), British Army officer
# Richard Annesley, 2nd Earl Annesley

Richard Annesley, 2nd Earl Annesley PC (Ire) (14 April 1745 – 9 November 1824), styled The Honourable from 1758 to 1802, was an Anglo-Irish politician and noble.

## Biography

Lord Annesley was educated at Trinity College Dublin. He was the second son of William Annesley, 1st Viscount Glerawly, and Lady Anne Beresford. He inherited the earldom created for his childless brother through the terms of the special remainder, as well as the viscountcy which had been created for his father, in 1802. He represented Coleraine in the Irish House of Commons from 1776 to 1783 and then St Canice to 1790. Subsequently, he sat for Newtownards until 1798, when Annesley was elected for Fore and Blessington. He chose the latter constituency and sat for it until 1800. In this year, he stood for Clogher and Midleton, which he represented until the Act of Union in 1801. He served as High Sheriff of Down in 1783.

### Marriage and issue

He married Anne Lambert on 25 September 1771 and with her had six children:
* William Richard Annesley, 3rd Earl Annesley (1772–1838)
* Hon. Robert Annesley (1773–1825)
* Lt.-Gen. Arthur Grove-Annesley (1774–1849)
* Captain Francis Charles Annesley (1775–1832)
* Catherine O'Donnell née Annesley (1776–1830)
* Anna Maria born (1778 –
# Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's 10,000 metres

The women's 10,000 metres event at the 2011 All-Africa Games was held on 14 September.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time |
| | Sule Utura | Ethiopia | 33:24.82 |
| | Wude Ayalew | Ethiopia | 33:24.88 |
| | Pauline Korikwiang | Kenya | 33:26.17 |
| 4 | Pauline Kahenya | Kenya | 33:26.98 |
| 5 | Claudette Mukasakindi | Rwanda | 35:18.05 |
| 6 | Adene Tersralem | Eritrea | 35:20.02 |
| | Meselech Melkamu | Ethiopia | DNF |
| | Grace Momanyi | Kenya | DNF |
| | Hortencia Lichimane | Mozambique | DNF |
# Richard Elmhirst

Richard Elmhirst (18 September 1803 – 18 November 1859) was an English first-class cricketer. He is recorded as a batsman in one match for Cambridge University in 1822, when he scored one run.
Elmhirst was educated at Doncaster School (now Hall Cross Academy) and Caius College, Cambridge. After graduating he became a physician at Lincoln.
# Revolution (Sirsy album)

Revolution is the fourth self-produced studio album by the Albany-based pop rock band Sirsy, released on October 20, 2007. The album was remixed by Paul Kolderie and rereleased on July 6, 2010 by Funzalo Records.

## Track listing

* Revolution - 3:30
* Sorry Me - 4:14
* Leftover Girl - 3:34
* Crazy - 3:36
* Waiting for Rain - 6:00
* Oh! Billy - 3:38
* Still - 4:24
* Mary Concetta - 4:09
* Mercury - 4:27
* Fireflies - 3:56

## Music videos

Sirsy has created music videos for the songs "Revolution" and "Sorry Me," both of which are available from the band's YouTube channel. In the Spring of 2010, Sirsy announced at some of their shows that the video for "Revolution" had received airtime on HBO between feature presentations.

## Release history

The original album release concert was held at Revolution Hall in Troy, New York on October 20, 2007, which is the largest show the band has played as the headliner act.
| Region | Date | Label | Format |
| United States | October 20, 2007 | Sirsymusic | CD |
| United States | July 6, 2010 | Funzalo | CD |
# Silver Line

Silver Line may refer to:

## Public transit
### Asia

* Silver Line (K-Rail), Kerala, India
* Silver Line (Manila), Manila, Philippines
* Silver Line (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
* Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line, color-coded "silver", Tokyo, Japan

### Europe

* Silver Line (Madrid Metro), Madrid, Spain
* Silver Line (Moscow), Moscow, Russia

### North America

* Silver Line (DART), an under construction hybrid rail line in Texas
* Silver Line (Grand Rapids), Grand Rapids, Michigan
* Lynx Silver Line, a proposed transit extension in Charlotte, North Carolina
* Silver Line (MBTA), a system of bus lines in Boston, Massachusetts
* METRORapid Silver Line, Houston, Texas
* Silver Line (Mexico City), Mexico City
* Silver Line (San Diego Trolley), a heritage streetcar line operated by the San Diego Trolley
* Silver Line (Washington Metro), a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system
* L (New York City Subway service)
* S (New York City Subway service)
* HealthLine, Cleveland, Ohio
* J Line (Los Angeles Metro), formerly the Silver Line, Los Angeles, California
* Metro (Minnesota), lettered lines are color-coded "METRO Gray", Minneapolis—Saint Paul, Minnesota
* E Embarcadero, a light rail line of the Muni Metro system
* Silver Line (Pittsburgh), a light rail line of the Pittsburgh Light Rail system

### South America

* Silver Line (Santiago Metro), Santiago, Chile
* Silver Line (São Paulo Metro), São Paulo, Brazil

## Other uses

* Silver Line (shipping company), a British company
* Silver Line Boats, an American boat manufacturer
* The Silver Line, a helpline for older people in the UK
* Silverline, a Christian music band
* Silverline Helicopters, a Canadian operator
# Georg Friedrich Nicolai

Georg Friedrich Nicolai (born Lewinstein; 6 February 1874 – 8 October 1964) was a German physiologist.

## Biography

He was born in 1874 in Berlin. He studied at the University of Berlin, and later practiced medicine at the Charité in Berlin. He admired the works of physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, and with internist Friedrich Kraus, he published a book on electrocardiography titled Das Elektrokardiogramm des gesunden und kranken Menschen.
In 1914, at the onset of World War I, Nicolai composed an anti-war treatise called "Manifesto to the Europeans". Only three other intellectuals in Germany signed Nicolai's manifesto; they being physicist Albert Einstein, astronomer Wilhelm Julius Förster and philosopher Otto Buek.
During the war he published The Biology of War, an indictment of warfare which was translated into several languages. As a result, he was demoted and sent to the comparatively remote Tucheler Heide, West Prussia (Tuchola Forest) area. The Biology of War was praised by Romain Rolland, who became a friend of Nicolai.
In 1917, a Court-martial accused Nicolai to have violated a press law. The manuscript of Die Biologie des Krieges was smuggled to Switzerland; an unauthorized edition was published. His book (a pleading for a stable enduring peace between the nations) promptly became known in many European countries. The Oberste Heeresleitung (then the de facto government of Germany) started another lawsuit against him. Nicolai successfully organized a military plane and fled to Switzerland.
On 25 December 1918 he returned to Berlin. In 1920, he tried to lecture to again at the Charité, but rowdish nationalistic students hindered him.
In 1922 he emigrated to South America where he worked and taught in Argentina, Physiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Cordoba and later Chile.
In the 1930s he wrote Das Natzenbuch (A Natural History of National Socialist Movement and of Nationalism in General), in which he denounced nationalism as "one of the greatest, possibly greatest danger to the further development of the human race".
He died on 8 October 1964 in Santiago de Chile.
# Suruk

Suruk may refer to:
* Şürük, Azerbaijan
* Suruk, Iran
* Suruc, southern Turkey
# Rhyndaston Tunnel

The Rhyndaston Tunnel is a 955-metre-long (3,133ft), 1-in-40-grade (2.5%) railway tunnel in southern Tasmania. The northern end of the tunnel is 72.5 kilometres (45.0mi) from the Hobart railway yards. It was built as part of the Tasmanian Main Line Company's track from Hobart to Western Junction which was completed in 1876.

## International containers

The original tunnel was too small to take the original 2.4-by-2.4-metre (8 by 8 ft) international containers. The tunnel was widened between 1964 and 1965 using a tunnel boring machine mounted on railway wheels, nicknamed 'The Mole' and which was maneuvered into place between trains to excavate a few metres at a time. Enlarging the tunnel had the effect of creating a 'keyhole' shape, and also destroyed the original northern portal, consequently truncating its overall length by several metres.
The later and larger containers may again be too big.
Due to poor ventilation, diesel trains occasionally lose oxygen and fail to make it up the tunnel. In the 1920s M Class Garratt steam locomotives were banned from running north through the tunnel smoke box first, to prevent exhaust accumulating in the crew cab.
The tunnel is located 422 metres (1,385 ft) AHD.
# Atalacmea

Atalacmea is a genus of sea snails or true limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.

## Species

Species within the genus Atalacmea include:
* Atalacmea elata Marwick, 1928 †
* Atalacmea fragilis (Sowerby I, 1823)
* Atalacmea multilinea Powell, 1934
# George Courtauld (industrialist, born 1802)

George Courtauld (1802–1861) was a textile manufacturer, and a member of the Courtauld family empire in Great Britain.

## Family

He was born in Pebmarsh, Essex in 1802, the younger son of George Courtauld and Ruth Minton. His elder brother was Samuel Courtauld, who succeeded their father as the senior partner of the family firm.
On 23 April 1829, in Halstead, Essex, he married Susanna Sewell (1803-1888). Their five children were:
* George Courtauld, J.P., (1830-1920)
* Samuel Augustine Courtauld (22 February 1833 – 23 September 1854)
* Louis Courtauld (2 September 1834) married Elizabeth Robinson 2 July 1862 in Croydon, Surrey
* Susanna Ruth Courtauld (4 June 1838) married Lewis Barrett Solly on 2 April 1864
* Sydney Courtauld, J.P., (1840-1899)
George and Susanna Courtauld were both buried at Gosfield, also in Essex, where many other members of the Courtauld family are also buried.

## America

George Courtauld, sometimes referred to as George II Courtauld, spent four years in the United States of America with his father. The father, the elder George, had visited America in his youth and it had clearly created a deep impression upon him, as it was to America that he wished to return when he retired from the silk firm he had created, in 1816. The elder George returned to America in 1818 and managed to persuade his younger son to join him two years later. The son would now spend some youthful years in America, before returning to England and settling down to the responsibilities of running a silk business, exactly as his father had done before him. George the younger stayed with his father in his final years, until the old man died in 1823. He returned to England the following year, once he had wound up his father's and his own affairs in the United States.

## Business

In 1824 he joined his elder brother, Samuel Courtauld to work in the rapidly expanding silk and crepe manufactory. After a four-year apprenticeship in the business, he had earned his place on the board of management and in 1828, he took his place with his brother Samuel Courtauld and with Peter Taylor (1790-1850), the partner and cousin of his father the elder George, to become the junior partner in the newly restructured firm of Courtauld, Taylor and Courtauld. He continued to work for the family firm for the remainder of his life.
In the course of time, the kinsman Peter Taylor would retire and, in 1849, he was replaced by his own son who was also called Peter Taylor.
# Astieridiscus

Astieridiscus is an extinct lower Cretaceous ammonite. Its shell evolute, covered by dense, simple or branching, slightly flexuous ribs. The sides are slightly flattened, the venter rounded. No umbilical or other tubercles except on innermost whorl. Superficially resembles Olcostephanus.
# Jayam Rutnam

Jayam Rutnam is a Sri Lanka born American and the founder of the Sri Lanka America Association of Southern California (SLAASC) in 1973.
Jayam is retired from his shipping business and currently involved as a film critic and journalist.
Rutnam is an associate producer of the film The Road from Elephant Pass which was a Finalist Award Winner at the New York International Television and Film Awards - 2011.

## Biography

Jayam is the fifth son of Dr. James T. Rutnam and a brother of film maker Chandran Rutnam.
Jayam immigrated to Southern California in 1963. His eldest brother, Raja, was the first Sri Lankan immigrant to the United States, which was in 1958.
He is married to Gina, an Italian-American and has daughter Aliki and son Jean-Louis and two grandchildren by the former.

## Sri Lanka America Association of Southern California

Jayam founded the Sri Lanka America Association of Southern California (SLAASC) in 1973 to serve the Sri Lankan community in Southern California.
Jayam started SLAASC with seven other Sri Lankans when there were only about 1,000 Sri Lankan immigrants in the Southern California, though the number has risen to 65,000 in 2010.
Jayam was instrumental to keep all Sri Lankan expatriates together in Southern California so that they had a place to go for social activity. He could be credited by helping people who did not have enough money to survive and made funeral arrangements for those who had nobody in Southern California by his SLAASC.