OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catherine Wilfert

Catherine Wilfert (26 July 1936 - 13 September 2020) was an American pediatrician specializing in infectious diseases. She became a professor at Duke University School of Medicine and known internationally for her work in pediatric HIV prevention. After 1993, using zidovudine during pregnancy led to an estimated reduction of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV in the United States by 75 percent and a 47 percent decrease in new HIV infections globally.

## Early life and education

Catherine Wilfert was born in Inglewood, California. She studied at Stanford University. She recalled that one of her professors told her not to bother applying to Harvard Medical School. In 1958, she graduated from Harvard Medical School as one of only five women in her class. She did her pediatric residency at Boston City Hospital, in the early 1960s and interned under John Enders. whom she called her "most influential teacher".

## Career

In 1969, Wilfert became a pediatric faculty member at the Duke University School of Medicine. Her research was in virology and epidemiology of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. In 1976, she became the division chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Years into the AIDS epidemic there had not been any medication to treat HIV infection, but when zidovudine was approved, "Wilfert theorized that by reducing the viral load of infected mothers, she could diminish the amount of virus their babies were exposed to, thereby reducing HIV transmission from mother to baby." In April 1991 the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) of the US NIAID and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) and the National Agency of Research on AIDS (ANRS), France started the clinical trial of zidovudine (AZT) in HIV-infected pregnant women otherwise known as "ACTG protocol 076". The trial showed such a big reduction in the risk for HIV transmission to infants, that it was halted prematurely in 1993 and later became the new standard of care, leading to an estimated reduction of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV in the United States by 75 percent.
In 1996, she retired from Duke University and became scientific director of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low-income countries Thailand, South Africa, Kenya, Cameroon, and Uganda. The "Call To Action" led to a 47 percent decrease in new HIV infections globally. She retired from this position in 2010.

## Personal life

In 1971 Wilfert married Samuel Katz (pediatrician). She had two children and six step children. She was an "avid gardener, seamstress, photographer and admirer of visual artists, her favorite being Georgia O'Keeffe."
# Catholic Standard

The Catholic Standard, founded in 1951, is the official weekly newspaper for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington.
One of two newspapers published by Carroll Publishing Company, the Catholic Standard serves the nearly 600,000 Catholics living in the nation's capital and the five surrounding the Maryland counties of Calvert, Charles, Montgomery, Prince George's, and St. Mary's. Its sister publication, El Pregonero, is the D.C. area's oldest Spanish-language weekly. The publisher of both newspapers is the Archbishop of Washington, Archbishop Wilton D. Gregory, whose weekly column "What I Have Seen and Heard" appears in both papers and on both websites. The newspaper circulates approximately 46,000 copies each week, mostly delivered by U.S. mail to subscribers and parishes of the archdiocese.
Prior to the Catholic Standard's founding in 1951, Catholics in the Archdiocese of Washington were served by a regional edition of the Catholic Review, the official newspaper of the Archdiocese of Baltimore. The Catholic Standard's founding editor was Father Philip Hannan, who went on to become an auxiliary bishop in Washington and the archbishop of New Orleans.

## Footnotes

* ↑ "ANR, District of Columbia" (PDF). ANR. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
* ↑ About Us Archived 2010-09-10 at the Wayback Machine webpage. Catholic Standard website. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
* ↑ "Catholic Standard". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
# Cathy Edwards (politician)

Catherine Mary Edwards (born 4 September 1948) is a former Australian politician. She was an Independent member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1999 to 2001, representing Pembroke.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Edwards received a Diploma of Physiotherapy in 1970 and a Bachelor of Arts in 1983. She was mayor of Clarence from 1989 to 2005. In 1999, she won election to the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Pembroke. She served until 2001, when she was defeated by Labor candidate Allison Ritchie.
# Cavalry Corps Schmettow

Cavalry Corps Schmettow was a formation of the German Army in World War I.

## Cavalry Corps Schmettow

By August 1916, the four existing Cavalry Commanders (I, III, V and VI Cavalry Corps) had been assigned sectors of the Eastern Front and thus took on the functions similar to a normal Corps and had been reorganised in a similar fashion. Therefore, for the Romanian Campaign, none of the existing Cavalry Corps were brought in. Instead, a new temporary Cavalry Corps was set up in Transylvannia - Cavalry Corps "Schmettow" - under the command of Generalleutnant Eberhard Graf von Schmettow. It was formed with:
* 51st Honvéd Infantry Division (Austria-Hungary)
* 3rd Cavalry Division
* 1st Cavalry Division (Austria-Hungary)
Redesignated 11 January 1917 as 65th Corps (z.b.V.).

## 65th Corps

65th Corps (z.b.V.) was formed on 11 January 1917 by the redesignation of Cavalry Corps "Schmettow". As the need for large mounted cavalry formations diminished as the war went on, the existing Cavalry Corps increasingly took on the characteristics of a normal Corps Command. This culminated in them being redesignated as "General Commands for Special Use" Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung (Genkdo z.b.V.).
By the end of the war, the Corps was serving on the Western Front as part of the 7th Army with the following composition:
* 5th Division
* 4th Guards Division
* 216th Division
* 50th Division

## Commanders

Cavalry Corps Schmettow / 65th Corps was commanded throughout its existence by Generalleutnant Eberhard Graf von Schmettow.
# Klahanie (TV series)

Klahanie is a Canadian nature television series which aired on CBC Television from 1967 to 1978.

## Premise

The series concerned the wilderness, with topics including conservation. "Klahanie" is Chinook Jargon for "the great outdoors".
One episode featured documentary footage and discussion of the Supermarine Stranraer as flown on the Pacific coast.

## Scheduling

This half-hour series was broadcast at various times from 2 March 1967 until 25 August 1978, most often on Saturday afternoons.
# Klahowya (sternwheeler)

Klahowya was a sternwheel steamer that operated in British Columbia on the Columbia River from 1910 to 1915. The name "Klahowya" is the standard greeting in the Chinook Jargon.

## Design and construction

Klahowya was built at Golden, BC.Klahowya's engines came from Isabella McCormack which had been converted into a houseboat. Klahowya was built by Capt. Frank P. Armstrong (another source gives George Rury as the builder), with the capacity to carry 100 passengers. Armstrong built Klahowya in an unusual way. When the Columbia River was frozen, Armstrong built the vessel on a set of shipways constructed directly on the ice. When the boat was finished, Armstrong cut around the outline of the vessel in the ice, and the boat settled into the water.
Two sources state Klahowya was built for the Columbia River Lumber Company, while another source states Klahowya was intended for the increasing tourist trade in the Golden region. Multiple use steamboats were common, and use for lumbering would not have been necessarily inconsistent with tourist applications.

## Operations

Klahowya operated on the Columbia River from Golden to Columbia Lake. The period of reported operations was brief, from 1910 to 1915. It is possible that Canada's participation in World War I starting in 1914 helped shorten Klahowya's career. A number of steamboats in other areas of inland British Columbia had been built to cater to tourism, which was badly affected by war. Mobilization of men also depressed local businesses such as lumbering, which depended upon their labor. Captain Armstrong himself went overseas during World War I to supervise steamboat operations in war zones in the Middle East.

## Removal from service

Klahowya is reported to have been withdrawn from service in 1915.
# Cavity quantum electrodynamics

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles, under conditions where the quantum nature of photons is significant. It could in principle be used to construct a quantum computer.
The case of a single 2-level atom in the cavity is mathematically described by the Jaynes–Cummings model, and undergoes vacuum Rabi oscillations $|e\rangle |n-1\rangle \leftrightarrow |g\rangle |n\rangle$, that is between an excited atom and $n-1$ photons, and a ground state atom and $n$ photons.
If the cavity is in resonance with the atomic transition, a half-cycle of oscillation starting with no photons coherently swaps the atom qubit's state onto the cavity field's, $(\alpha |g\rangle +\beta |e\rangle )|0\rangle \leftrightarrow |g\rangle (\alpha |0\rangle +\beta |1\rangle )$, and can be repeated to swap it back again; this could be used as a single photon source (starting with an excited atom), or as an interface between an atom or trapped ion quantum computer and optical quantum communication.
Other interaction durations create entanglement between the atom and cavity field; for example, a quarter-cycle on resonance starting from $|e\rangle |0\rangle$ gives the maximally entangled state (a Bell state) $(|e\rangle |0\rangle +|g\rangle |1\rangle )/{\sqrt {2}}$. This can in principle be used as a quantum computer, mathematically equivalent to a trapped ion quantum computer with cavity photons replacing phonons.

## Nobel Prize in Physics

The 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Serge Haroche and David Wineland for their work on controlling quantum systems.
Haroche shares half of the prize for developing a new field called cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) – whereby the properties of an atom are controlled by placing it in an optical or microwave cavity. Haroche focused on microwave experiments and turned the technique on its head – using CQED to control the properties of individual photons.
In a series of ground-breaking experiments, Haroche used CQED to realize Schrödinger's famous cat experiment in which a system is in a superposition of two very different quantum states until a measurement is made on the system. Such states are extremely fragile, and the techniques developed to create and measure CQED states are now being applied to the development of quantum computers.
# Cellular dewetting

Cellular dewetting refers to the process of nucleation and enlargement of transendothelial cell macroaperture (TEM) tunnels in endothelial cells (Figure 1). This phenomenon is analogous to the nucleation and growth of dry patches in viscous liquids spreading on a non-wettable substrate (Figure 2). Cellular dewetting is triggered by several protein toxins from pathogenic bacteria, notably the EDIN-like factors from Staphylococcus aureus and from Clostridium botulinum, as well as edema toxin from Bacillus anthracis. TEMs form in response to the rupture of cytoskeleton physical connections through the cytoplasm due to inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway or to induction of the flux of cyclic-AMP (cAMP) broad signaling molecule.

## Physics behind cellular dewetting

The phenomenon of cellular dewetting can be interpreted by physical modeling (Figure 2). The driving force responsible for the spontaneous formation of TEM tunnels and their opening is the membrane tension that results from the spreading of cells due to actomyosin relaxation. Opposite to liquid dewetting, TEMs reach a maximum diameter, at which the driving force is balanced by a resisting force that develops along TEM edges (Figure 2). This resisting force is referred to as line tension and is uncharacterized at the molecular level.

## Physical parameters

Driving forces pulling on a tunnel of radius R, as depicted in Figure 2. Here, pulling is due to the tensioning of the cell membrane (σ) that is partly counteracted by a line tension around the tunnel (T). In these conditions, the net driving force (F$_D$) consists of two contributions:
$F_{D}=\sigma -{\frac {T}{R}}$
Dewetting proceeds if F$_D$>0.
Membrane tension (σ) depends on the tunnel radius R. A tunnel increase in size relaxes the membrane, inducing a decrease in membrane tension, as described by Helfrich’s law.
Line tension (T) corresponds to the resisting force along the edge of the tunnel that opposes membrane tension and limits dewetting. This line tension can have physical and molecular components.
# Cellular component

Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life. The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells. DNA, double stranded macromolecule that carries the hereditary information of the cell and found in all living cells; each cell carries chromosome(s) having a distinctive DNA sequence.
Examples include macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, biomolecular complexes such as a ribosome, and structures such as membranes, and organelles. While the majority of cellular components are located within the cell itself, some may exist in extracellular areas of an organism.
Cellular components may also be called biological matter or biological material. Most biological matter has the characteristics of soft matter, being governed by relatively small energies. All known life is made of biological matter. To be differentiated from other theoretical or fictional life forms, such life may be called carbon-based, cellular, organic, biological, or even simply living – as some definitions of life exclude hypothetical types of biochemistry.
# Cașva

The Cașva is a right tributary of the Gurghiu river in Transylvania, Romania. It discharges into the Gurghiu in the village of Cașva. Its length is 18 km (11 mi) and its basin size is 60 km$^2$ (23 sq mi).
# Cecidomyia elegans

Cecidomyia elegans is a species of gall midges in the tribe Cecidomyiini. It is found in Germany.
# Cecidocharini

Cecidocharini is a tribe of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

## Genera

* Cecidocharella Hendel, 1936
* Cecidochares Bezzi, 1910
* Hetschkomyia Hendel, 1914
* Neorhagoletis Hendel, 1914
* Ostracocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893
* Procecidochares Hendel, 1914
* Procecidocharoides Foote, 1960
* Pyrgotoides Curran, 1934
# Cecidochares violacea

Cecidochares violacea is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Cecidochares of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Argentina.
# Catocala ariana

Catocala ariana is a moth in the family Erebidae first described by Eva Vartian in 1964. It is found in Afghanistan.
# Kode

Kode (Swedish pronunciation:) is a locality situated in Kungälv Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 1,380 inhabitants in 2010.

## Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Kode:
* Kode IF
# Budukh

Budukh may refer to:
* Budukh people, a people of the Caucasus in Quba District, northeastern Azerbaijan
* Budukh language, the Lezgic language spoken by the Budukh people
# Holasteron

Holasteron is a genus of spiders in the family Zodariidae. It was first described in 2004 by Baehr. As of 2017, it contains 16 species, all from Australia.

## Species

Holasteron comprises the following species:
* H. aciculare Baehr, 2004 (type) — Australia
* H. aspinosum Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
* H. driscolli Baehr, 2004 — Australia (New South Wales, South Australia)
* H. esperance Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
* H. flinders Baehr, 2004 — Australia (South Australia)
* H. hirsti Baehr, 2004 — Australia (South Australia)
* H. humphreysi Baehr, 2004 — Australia (South Australia)
* H. kangaroo Baehr, 2004 — Australia (South Australia)
* H. marliesae Baehr, 2004 — Australia (New South Wales)
* H. perth Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
* H. pusillum Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia, South Australia)
* H. quemuseum Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Queensland)
* H. reinholdae Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
* H. spinosum Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria)
* H. stirling Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
* H. wamuseum Baehr, 2004 — Australia (Western Australia)
# Welland River

The Welland River (originally called the Chippawa Creek) is a river in the Golden Horseshoe that passes through the Southern Ontario cities of Welland and Niagara Falls. It flows from its source, a Drainage Basin just south of Hamilton, Ontario to meet the Niagara River.

## History

The river was originally called the Chippawa Creek since it drained into the Niagara River at Chippawa. Like many other places in Niagara, it was renamed by John Graves Simcoe, the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada in 1792. The present name was taken from the river of the same name in Lincolnshire, Eastern England. The Welland River is occasionally referred to as Chippawa Creek, especially by those in the Chippawa area itself.
The Welland Canal was named after the river since it originally was planned to link Lake Ontario to Welland River. The city of Welland was later named after both waterways which crossed in the city.

### O'Reilly's Bridge

The oldest structure spanning the Welland River was O'Reilly's Bridge, which was built in 1901 (123 years ago) (1901) and crossed the river between the townships of Pelham and Wainfleet. The settler, Patrick O'Reilly, son of Sgt. John Reilly, of Stamford Township (present-day Niagara Falls), settled in Wainfleet in 1806. After meeting Sarah, the daughter of John Brown of Pelham Township, Patrick O'Reilly felled a couple of very tall trees across the River to shorten his journey to see her. A better bridge was built after they married and Patrick realized Sarah was frightened of walking along the logs. John Brown O'Reilly was their son who acted as Clerk of Wainfleet Township for many years. Over the years O'Reilly's Bridge saw many upgrades and improvements until it finally became the responsibility of the municipality. That is about the time O'Reilly's Bridge became a single-lane iron truss bridge, the only of its kind on the entire river, and one of the oldest iron truss bridges in Southern Ontario. O'Reilly's Bridge was demolished in 2010 (14 years ago) (2010) and was replaced with a more modern, wider span.

## Geography

The river flows under two navigable aqueducts: the Welland Recreational Waterway and the new alignment of the Welland Canal. An important tributary of the river is Coyle Creek, a picturesque and thickly forested creek that flows into the river on the north bank.
A stream of the river branches off shortly before its mouth. This canal quickly turns an open-cut hydropower channel through the city of Niagara Falls on its way to the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations in Queenston. It drains an area of 880 square kilometres (340 sq mi).
The International Control Dam, a weir in the Niagara River, causes the Welland River to reverse its direction twice a day when the flow of water over the Niagara Falls is reduced overnight and the water heads back up the river as far back as Wellandport. When the water flow is restored, the water direction of the Welland River changes once again to flow towards the Niagara River.
# Komsomolsk

Komsomolsk may refer to:

## Places

* Komsomolsk-on-Amur, a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia
* Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug, a municipal formation which the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-on-Amur in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia is incorporated as
* Komsomolsk, Russia, several inhabited localities in Russia
* Horishni Plavni, a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine formerly called Komsomolsk
* Gongqingcheng, a city in Jiangxi, China, whose name also means "Communist Youth League city"

## Other

* Komsomolsk (film), a 1938 Soviet drama film directed by Sergei Gerasimov
* FC Hirnyk-Sport Komsomolsk, Ukrainian association football club
* Комсомольск (band) is an indie rock band from Moscow, Russia
# Hisahito

Hisahito is a masculine Japanese given name. People named Hisahito include the following:
* Prince Hisahito (久仁), the later Emperor Go-Fukakusa
* Prince Hisahito of Akishino (悠仁親王, Hisahito shinnō) (born 2006), grandson of Emperor Akihito
* Hisahito Inaba (稲葉久人), J. League Division 1 football player
# The Bottom of the Well

The Bottom of the Well is a 1917 American silent drama film directed by John S. Robertson and starring Evart Overton, Agnes Ayres and Adele DeGarde.

## Cast

* Evart Overton as Stanley Deane
* Agnes Ayres as Alice Buckingham
* Adele DeGarde as Dorothy Farnsworth
* Ned Finley as Capt. Jake Starke
* Herbert Prior as 'Long Bill' Parker
* Robert Gaillard as David Thomas
* Alice Terry as Anita Thomas
* Bigelow Cooper as Amos Buckingham

## Preservation

This is now a lost film.
# Stefano Desimoni

Stefano Desimoni (born 12 April 1988) is an Italian professional baseball Outfielder, for Parma Baseball in the Italian Baseball League.
He also played for the Italy national baseball team in the 2010 European Baseball Championship, 2012 European Baseball Championship and 2013 World Baseball Classic.
# Bönninghausen

Bönninghausen is a surname. It may refer to:
* Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen (1785–1846), German lawyer
* Hermann von Bönninghausen (1888–1919), German athlete
* Inge von Bönninghausen (born 1938), German journalist
# Cawarong

Cawarong or Tsawarong (Tibetan: ཚ་བ་རོང་།, Wylie: tsha ba rong, ZYPY: Cawarong; Chinese: 察瓦龙; pinyin: Cháwǎlóng) is a township in Zayü County, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It lies at an altitude of 2,003 metres (6,574 feet). Formerly known as Tsarung, it was traditionally a southern gateway and trade route into Tibet from Yunnan, forming part of the tea-horse road (茶马古道 Chá-Mǎ Gǔdào). It is a very arid area with little rainfall. An unsealed road cut into the cliffs above the Nu River links it to Bingzhongluo in Yunnan. Cawarong is a major step on the Khora of the Khawa Karpo.

## Government

Its Chinese zoning code is 542626202.

### Subdivisions

The town comprises 28 villages: Hongdong Village, Zharan Village, Gangzang Village, Zuobu Village, Qianzhongwa Village, Kangran Village, Songta Village, Abing Village, Zhan Village, Changxi Village, and Chuni Village, Kadi Village, Gerri Village, Laka Village, Buba Village, Babu Village, Gongka Village, Guoda Village, Muba Village, Mengzha Village, Shabu Village, LP Village, Zalang Village, Deng Xu Village, Xueba Village, Zhula Village, Wabu Village, and Gebu Village.
# Budugumpa

Budugumpa is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Gangawati taluk of Koppal district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Budugumpa had a population of 5168 with 2568 males and 2600 females.
# Brut de femme

Brute de femme is the second album of Diam's, released in 2003. This album won the Victoires de la musique (Music's Victories) for the Album rap, hip-hop de l’année (Rap/hip-hop album of the year).

## Track listing

* "Intro"
* "Incassables"
* "Mon Répertoire"
* "Cruelle A Vie"
* "Dj"(sample of ¿Quién será?)
* "Madame Qui ?"
* "1980"
* "Où Je Vais"
* "Vénus"
* "Ma Souffrance"
* "Èvasion"
* "Amoré"
* "Daddy"
* "Parce Que"
* "Suzy 2003"

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| French Albums Chart (SNEP) | 7 |
| Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia) | 45 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| France (SNEP) | Gold | 100,000$^*$ |
| $^*$ Sales figures based on certification alone. |||