OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Trillium Railway

The Trillium Railway (reporting mark TRRY) is a Canadian short-line railroad operating in the province of Ontario. Much of its right-of-way in the Niagara area was formerly part of the "Welland Canal Railway" (also known as the Welland Railway) that closely followed the route of the second Welland Canal.
Trillium Railway began operations in 1997 with only eleven kilometres of railway, all of which were located in Port Colborne.
With an expansion in 1998, Trillium added 55 kilometres of track between Delhi and St. Thomas. Another expansion in 1999 added another 55 kilometres of track in Welland, Thorold, and St. Catharines.
In the Niagara Region, Trillium's trackage, referred to as Port Colborne Harbour Railway, is made up of Canadian National's former secondary and branch lines, including a number of urban spurs, on the west side of the Canal. CN and Canadian Pacific interchange with Trillium at CN/CP Feeder. Trillium no longer operates on the south tracks of the Townline Tunnel under the Welland Canal.
From July 2018 until the line's closure in December 2021, Trillium operated the Orangeville Brampton Railway under contract from the Town of Orangeville, taking over operations from Cando Rail Services Ltd. The train was discontinued in 2019
In 2018 Trillium Railway was purchased by Gio Rail.

## Closed subdivision

The St. Thomas and Eastern Railway operated over the former CN Cayuga Spur, the historical "Canada Air Line". It reached the city of St. Thomas via trackage rights over CN.
# Ghumot

The ghumot (East Indians: घुमट or ಘುಮೋಟ), gumot or ghumat is a membranophone instrument from Goa, India. Ghumat is a percussion instrument of earthen vessel having both sides open; on the bigger opening a leather (drum membrane) of monitor lizard is mounted. Generally ghumat is accompanied by 'shamel', another traditional instrument with wooden drum and goat leather mount. This instrument is still very popular amongst by the East Indian people. In August 2019, Goa declared the ghumot as its heritage instrument.

## Usage

Ghumat forms an integral part of Goan folk, religious and temple music, both Hindu and Christian. It serves as an accompaniment to the folk songs and to the mando music. But most importantly it plays a vital role in the music played in Goa during the Ganesh festival. It also used in most of the Goan temples during the spring season in an orchestra called as Suvari Vadan.
Khaprumama Parvatkar was one well known artist of this instrument.

## Other states

This percussion instrument is also played to accompany folk songs in some areas of Karnataka.
In Andhra Pradesh, this drum is known as gummeta, and it is played in the storytelling folk tradition.
# Theaker

Theaker is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Cam Theaker (1912–1992), English footballer
* Deborah Theaker (born 1964), Canadian actress
* Hugh A. Theaker (1842–1903), American colonel
* Raer Theaker (born 1997), Welsh gymnast
* Thomas Clarke Theaker (1812–1883), American politician
* Theaker Wilder, Irish professor
# Lewisham North (disambiguation)

Lewisham North was a parliamentary constituency in Lewisham, London.
Lewisham North may also refer to:
* Lewisham North (London County Council constituency)
* Lewisham North (Scout District)
# Justin Edwards

Justin Edwards may refer to:
* Justin Edwards (actor) (born 1972), English actor and writer
* Justin D. Edwards (born 1970), Canadian professor in the Department of English at University of Surrey
* Justin Edwards (fighter) (born 1983), American mixed martial artist
* Justin Edwards (basketball, born 1992), Canadian professional basketball player
* Justin Edwards (basketball, born 2003), American basketball player
# Sympistis infixa

Sympistis infixa, the broad-lined sallow moth, is a moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was described by Francis Walker in 1856 and is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Sympistis infixa is 10065.
# Jōgen

Jōgen may refer to:
* Jōgen (Heian period) (貞元), Japanese era from 976 to 978
* Jōgen (Kamakura period) (承元), Japanese era from 1207 to 1211
* Jōgen (Shin Buddhist) (浄玄), founder of the Ōtani Hongan-ji Hakodate Betsu-in temple
# The Concordia Choir

The Concordia Choir is a 68-member mixed choir of students at Concordia College, in Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. In addition to performing on campus regularly, the Concordia Choir has and continues to perform at locations around the world. Although international tours are only made once every 4 years, the choir travels around the U.S. for 2 weeks every year during its annual national tour in mid-late February. The choir has had four conductors since its founding in 1920, through which it grew under Paul J. Christiansen, who conducted it from 1937-1986. From 1986-2020, the choir was conducted by René Clausen, until he announced his retirement and Dr. Michael Culloton was announced as his successor. It has performed in venues including Carnegie Hall and the Kennedy Center. The Concordia Choir, in collaboration with The Concordia Orchestra as well as several other choirs on campus, performs in the annual (Emmy Award winning) Concordia College Christmas concert, which is occasionally broadcast on public radio and annually on PBS or other public stations throughout the United States. The choir has released recordings, which are sold by Concordia College.
# Thelma (disambiguation)

Thelma is a female given name.
Thelma may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

* Thelma (novel), an 1887 novel by Marie Corelli
* Thelma the Unicorn, a 2015 children's book series by Aaron Blabey
** Thelma the Unicorn, a 2024 animated film adaptation based on the books of the same name
* Thelma (1910 film), an adaptation of Corelli's novel
* Thelma (1918 film), an adaptation of Corelli's novel
* Thelma (1922 film), an American silent film
* Thelma (2011 film), a Filipino film
* Thelma (2017 film), a Norwegian film directed by Joachim Trier
* Thelma (2024 film), an American film directed by Josh Margolin
* Thelma (opera), by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
* "Thelma", a song by John Lee Hooker
* Thelma Records, Detroit, Michigan record label 1962-66

## Species

* Elachista thelma, a moth of family Elachistidae
* Syrnola thelma, a sea snail of family Pyramidellidae
* Trissodoris thelma, a moth of family Cosmopterigidae

## Other uses

* Tropical Storm Thelma (disambiguation), various storms, cyclones and typhoons
* Thelma, Kentucky, United States, an unincorporated community
* B K Thelma (born 1955), Indian biologist/geneticist
# Hele Savin

Hele Irene Savin (née Väinölä; born 1 August 1977 in Imatra) is a Finnish scientist and inventor, best known for her research in solar cells and is a professor of micro and nanoelectronics at Aalto University. She is publicly known as an inventor and developer of high-efficiency solar cells using nanostructured, so-called black silicon.

## Life and work

Savin graduated from the Helsinki University of Technology (now part of Aalto University) with a master's degree in engineering (2000) and a doctorate in technology (2005). Her English-language dissertation, titled Controlling iron and copper Precipitation in Silicon wafers, studied ways in which silicon materials that are used in electronics can be more economical.
During her postgraduate studies, Savin visited the United States as a visiting researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California (2002–2003). As a postdoc researcher, she worked at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems in Freiburg, Germany (2009–2010). Later, she was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2013) in Cambridge Massachusetts.
Savin is listed by the U.S. Patent Office as co-inventor of nine patented devices.
Savin received awards for her "pioneering research" in solar energy development of efficient solar cells with, among other things, the World Economic Forum's Young Scientist Award (2013), and the Parliament's EUR 110,000 Women's Innovation Award (2017). She is a member of the Academy of Technical Sciences.
# Seuss (crater)

Seuss is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 2012. It is named for the American author and cartoonist Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss.
Seuss is one of the largest craters of the Kuiperian system on Mercury. The largest is Bartók crater.
Hollows are present within Seuss.
The Acadia Rupes is an escarpment located west of Seuss.
* Another MESSENGER image showing the bright deposits, known as hollows, within the crater
* Regional view with Seuss at left and an unnamed crater with a dark central peak complex at right
# The Wicked Die Young

The Wicked Die Young is a music album that was released in 2017 as a companion piece to the movie The Neon Demon directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. Winding Refn gave a number of interviews about the album, telling Elizabeth Aubrey “The fourteen tracks on this compilation represent the various ideas I had while preparing The Neon Demon. Each song represents a specific emotion…since I wanted my film to be both a horror film and a melodrama with camp, glitter and vulgarity, as well as a comedy and of course a little science fiction, all these various tracks made me able to step into a parallel world to tell the story.” In an interview with FACT in 2015, Refn explained why integrating music into moving image is so important for him. "Even when I shoot films I play music on set, in between takes", he said. "It helps you convey emotion better for actors - and brings people to a place of being that helps their performance."
The album contains exclusive tracks from Drive artists Electric Youth as well as the Neon Demon composer (and long-time score of other Nicolas Winding Refn films) Martinez, plus Refn's nephew, Julian Winding, who also had an electronic number on the soundtrack. The Wicked Die Young also has a number of works from Suicide, Giorgio Moroder, Pino Donaggio, Lynsey de Paul, Dionne Warwick and Sparks, among others.

## Track listing

* A1 Electric Youth – "Good Blood"
* A2 Lynsey De Paul – "Won't Somebody Dance With Me"
* A3 Suicide – "Cheree"
* A4 999 – "Homicide"
* A5 The Heartbreakers – "Pirate Love"
* B1 Dionne Warwick – "Theme From Valley Of The Dolls"
* B2 Tommy Seebach – "Bubble Sex"
* B3 Amanda Lear – "Follow Me"
* C1 Giorgio Moroder – "Knights In White Satin"
* C2 Sparks – "The Number One Song in Heaven"
* C3 Cliff Martinez – "Becoming"
* D1 Pino Donaggio – "Dressed To Kill: The Shower"
* D2 Claudio Gizzi – "End Of A Myth"
* D3 Julian Winding – "When You Want To Hurt Someone"
# Hekro Towers

Hekro Towers is a skyscraper in the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa. Standing at an estimated 384.47 feet (117.19 metres), it is 30 storeys tall.
The building was constructed in 1969 as the President Hotel, and later operated as a Holiday Inn, before being converted to offices. It is owned by the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, which also owns a church located next door.
# Hekou North railway station

Hekou North railway station (Chinese: 河口北站; pinyin: Hékǒu běi zhàn) is a railway station in Hekou Town, the county seat of Hekou Yao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province of China. It is the southern end of the standard-gauge Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou Railway. It also is connected by meter-gauge tracks to the meter-gauge Kunming–Hekou railway (the Chinese section of the international Kunming–Hai Phong railway), thus serving as a linking point between Vietnam's meter-gauge rail network and China's standard-gauge network.
The station serves cargo trains from both the standard-gauge and narrow-gauge sides. Passenger service exists only on the standard-gauge side, and consists of several daily trains to Kunming, one of them continuing to Dali.

## History

Hekou North railway station was opened on December 1, 2014, along with the Mengzi–Hekou railway, the last and southernmost segment of the Kunming–Yuxi–Hekou mainline. On March 27, 2015, the short meter-gauge connector line connecting Hekou North railway station with the Kunming–Hai Phong railway (linking into it near the old Hekou railway station) was opened as well, making Hekou North a junction point between two differently gauged railway systems. Soon, the facilities for transferring shipping containers and entire railcars between the two systems came on line as well. The two facilities were inaugurated with transferring two containers of coke on April 10, and 16 cars of chemical fertilizers on April 12, respectively.
# Serial Thriller (disambiguation)

"Serial Thriller" is a 2006 song by written by Christina Amphlett and performed by Australian singer Brielle Davis.
Serial Thriller may also refer to:
* Ednör – L'Attaque, a roller coaster that was named Serial Thriller when it was located at Six Flags AstroWorld
* Thunderhawk (Michigan's Adventure), a roller coaster that was named Serial Thriller when it was located at Geauga Lake
# Invasions of Normandy

The Invasion of Normandy was a successful Allied landing operation in 1944 into northern France from England during World War II.
Invasion of Normandy may also refer to:
* Scandinavian invasions of Normandy, a series of invasions in the 9th century
* Henry I of England's invasion of Normandy culminating in the Battle of Tinchebray (1106)
* The French invasion of Normandy (1202–04)
# Le Cercle des Gourmettes

Le Cercle des Gourmettes was an exclusive club or "circle" of women in Paris devoted to gourmet food. The circle was started in 1929 by an American, Paulette Edlinger, and the name may have been a bon mot in protest of the non-feminine form of the word gourmet.
The club began at a time of economic prosperity just prior to the Great Depression in France. It was started by the wives of members of Club des Cent and convened on alternate Fridays to enjoy lunches and dinners at the electric company headquarters in Paris, Electricité et Gaz. The club's most famous members were Julia Child, Simone Beck, and Louisette Bertholle. Each joined the club in the late 1940s.
Versions of the club later existed in Canada and Switzerland.
# Language Technologies Institute

The Language Technologies Institute (LTI) is a research institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, and focuses on the area of language technologies. The institute is home to 33 faculty with the primary scholarly research of the institute focused on machine translation, speech recognition, speech synthesis, information retrieval, parsing, information extraction, and multimodal machine learning. Until 1996, the institute existed as the Center for Machine Translation, which was established in 1986. Subsequently, from 1996 onwards, it started awarding degrees, and the name was changed to The Language Technologies Institute. The institute was founded by Professor Jaime Carbonell, who served as director until his death in February 2020. He was followed by Jamie Callan, and then Carolyn Rosé, as interim directors. In August 2023, Mona Diab became the director of the institute.

## Academic programs

The institute currently offers two Ph.D. programs, four different types of master degrees and an undergraduate minor. The master's programs each offer a different focus or career target. The Master of Language Technologies (MLT) is a research-focused masters in which students take all the same classes as Ph.D. students, and are frequently funded through sponsored research projects. In effect, this means they work on grants with faculty the same as Ph.D. students, so most transition to Ph.D. programs after completion. The MLT serves as a bridging masters for students from non-traditional backgrounds or with limited research experience in language technologies. In contrast, the Master of Science in Intelligent Information Systems (MIIS), Master of Computational Data Science (MCDS), and Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence and Innovation (MSAII) focus more heavily on coursework and projects that prepare students for industry jobs. The MIIS and MCDS programs are also targeted at shorter (e.g. 16 month) completion times and require an industry internship during the program.

## Faculty

Notable faculty include Alan W Black (Speech), Louis-Philippe Morency (Multimodal Machine Learning), Scott Fahlman (Knowledge Representation), Justine Cassell (Human-computer interaction), Eric Nyberg (Information Retrieval), Carolyn Rosé (Learning Sciences), Eric Xing, and Alex Waibel (Speech Recognition), Rita Singh (voice forensics).

## Spinoffs and Affiliated Companies
### Safaba Translation Systems

Co-founded by LTI faculty member Alon Lavie in 2009, Safaba was acquired in 2015 by Amazon and incorporated into the company's Pittsburgh offices. Once incorporated into Amazon's corporate structure, the Safaba team became known as the Amazon Machine Translation R&D Group, and would go on to contribute to the development of Amazon Alexa.

### CognistX

Co-founded by LTI Professor and MCDS program director Eric Nyberg, The company's projects include work in targeted advertising, oil and gas, and psychedelic drug research.
# Robert McKenzie (aviator)

Lieutenant Robert William McKenzie (June 1895 – 28 April 1945) was an Australian World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

## Early life

McKenzie was a chemist in his home town of Adelaide, Australia before joining the Australian Army Medical Corps once World War I began.

## Aerial service

He transferred into the Australian Flying Corps (AFC), undertook pilot's training, and in September 1917 was posted to No. 2 Squadron AFC (originally referred to by British authorities as No. 68 Squadron RAF). McKenzie scored his first victory while piloting an Airco DH.5; he destroyed a German Albatros D.V on 1 December 1917. His unit then re-equipped with Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5as. McKenzie used the upgraded machines to score five victories in just over a month, from 19 February through 23 March 1918; his final tally was one enemy observation plane set afire in midair, three Albatros D.Vs and an observation plane destroyed, and one observation plane sent down out of control. He was then posted to RFC Home Establishment for the remainder of the war.

## Later life

He died in a boating accident in 1945.
# Robert McKenzie (psephologist)

Robert Trelford McKenzie (11 September 1917 – 12 October 1981) was a Canadian professor of politics and sociology, and a psephologist (one who does statistical analysis of elections). He is perhaps best known in Britain as one of the main presenters of the BBC's General Election programmes.

## Early life

Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the son of William Meldrum McKenzie and Frances (née) Chapman, he was educated at King Edward High School and the University of British Columbia from which he graduated with a BA. He was a lecturer at the same university from 1937 to 1942. In 1943, he joined the Canadian Army and a year later, with the rank of captain, was sent to London where he remained for the rest of his working life. Leaving the services three years later, McKenzie enrolled at the London School of Economics to study for a doctorate. In 1949, he was given a sociology lectureship, and was promoted to professor in 1964.

## Television

He was widely known in the UK for his televised reports on general election results as they were announced on the BBC. He is popularly associated with the swingometer device used in such broadcasts. The swingometer was first introduced in 1955 by Peter Milne, and was later refined by McKenzie and David Butler and used nationally in the 1959 General election for the BBC. At first Butler used the meter, but in 1964 McKenzie enthusiastically took over. He appeared on all BBC election nights from 1955 to 1979, and was later replaced by Peter Snow in 1983 due to McKenzie's death in 1981. In 1980, he introduced and moderated the discussions in each episode of Milton Friedman's television series Free to Choose.
McKenzie famously interviewed Lord Hailsham on the BBC programme Gallery in 1963, asking questions on the then recent scandal involving Conservative cabinet minister John Profumo. Hailsham became increasingly fractious as the interview progressed regarding McKenzie's line of questioning, even though Hailsham was strongly critical of Profumo's conduct.

## Other work

He wrote many academic books and papers during his career, including British Political Parties: The Distribution of Power within the Conservative and Labour Parties and Angels in Marble: Working Class Conservatives in Urban England, but it was through television and radio that his name became known. His broadcasting career began when he was requested by the BBC to give occasional talks on the Overseas Service; he was later invited to become involved in dramatic radio and TV, such as appearing as himself on an episode of the British series Yes Minister.

## Death

McKenzie died from cancer in 1981.

## Publications

* British Political Parties : The Distribution of Power Within the Conservative and Labour Parties, 1955; 2nd ed., 1963.
* Angels in Marble: Working Class Conservativism in Urban England (with Allan Silver), 1968.
# Smith v. Doe

Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 (2003), was a court case in the United States which questioned the constitutionality of the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act's retroactive requirements. Under the Act, any sex offender must register with the Department of Corrections or local law enforcement within one business day of entering the state. This information is forwarded to the Department of Public Safety, which maintains a public database. Fingerprints, social security number, anticipated change of address, and medical treatment after the offense are kept confidential. The offender's name, aliases, address, photograph, physical description, driver's license number, motor vehicle identification numbers, place of employment, date of birth, crime, date and place of conviction, and length and conditions of sentence are part of the public record, maintained on the Internet.
Smith v. Doe questioned the constitutionality of the act's retroactive requirements. John Does I and II were convicted of aggravated assault before the act's passage and filed suit, claiming the act was punitive and violated the ex post facto clause of Article I of the U.S. Constitution. The district court ruled against the Does, ruling that the act was nonpunitive. The appeals court sided with the Does that the act was in fact punitive and violated ex post facto.

## Supreme Court's ruling

Held: Because the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act is nonpunitive, its retroactive application does not violate the ex post facto clause.
The question is if the intention was to impose a punishment or "civil proceedings". If the intention was to punish, that ends the inquiry. If the intention was to enact a regulatory scheme that is civil and nonpunitive, the Court must examine whether the scheme is so punitive as to negate the State's intention to deem it civil. Because the Court ordinarily defers to the legislature's stated intent, only the clearest proof will suffice to override that intent and transform what has been denominated a civil remedy into a criminal penalty. The Court decided 6–3 that the legislature's intent was to create a civil, nonpunitive program to protect the public and that the resulting dissemination of the registration information was not significant enough to declare as debilitating.
The dissenting justices contended that the law was punitive and imposed severe deprivations of liberty. Justice Stevens' dissenting opinion said, "It is also clear beyond peradventure that these unique consequences of conviction of a sex offense are punitive. They share three characteristics, which in the aggregate are not present in any civil sanction. The sanctions (1) constitute a severe deprivation of the offender's liberty, (2) are imposed on everyone who is convicted of a relevant criminal offense, and (3) are imposed only on those criminals. Unlike any of the cases that the Court has cited, a criminal conviction under these statutes provides both a sufficient and a necessary condition for the sanction".