OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gilruth Schoolhouse

The Gilruth Schoolhouse was a historic building located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The one-room school was built in 1871 by the Rev. James Gilruth, who was a Methodist minister, wrestler, and axe thrower. The school was started as a subscription school to educate Gilruth's children, grandchildren, and neighbors. This was a common type of school in Iowa before education was publicly funded. In such a system, parents generally organized and financially supported the school, hired the teacher, and devised the curriculum.
In the school's early years, the boys and girls sat on opposite sides of the school. One punishment for bad behavior was to have an offending student sit on the other side of the building. Eventually, the Gilruth school was absorbed into the Davenport Community School District as District #4. The school closed in 1960, and the property was bought nine years later by the families of Roger Jepsen, John Platt, and T.H. Deevers for historical preservation. The Kimberly Village Christian Reformed Church renovated the building in 1971 for use as a preschool. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In 1991, the school building was torn down when its owner could not find a buyer; it was delisted from the National Register in 2009.
# Jia Jia

Jia Jia may refer to:
* Jia Jia (dissident) (born 1951), a jailed Chinese dissident
* Jia Jia (singer) (born 1983), a Taiwanese aboriginal singer

## Others

* Jia Jia (giant panda) (1978–2016), a giant panda that resided in Hong Kong
* Jia Jia, a giant panda that currently resides in River Safari, Singapore
# Jhansi Rani Square metro station

Jhansi Rani Square is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the Aqua Line of Nagpur Metro in Nagpur, India. It was opened on 28 January 2020.
A mural of Rani Lakshmibai was installed on the station's facade in September 2020. The mural was designed by Deepti Deshpande of Hastankit, and is made of mild steel. It measures 16.5 feet by 9 feet and weighs about 200 kg.

## Station layout

Jhansi Rani Square track layout :
Legend :
Station with two tracks and two side platforms :
| G | Street level | Exit/Entrance |
| L1 | Mezzanine | Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover |
| L2 | Side platform | Doors will open on the left | Side platform | Doors will open on the left |
| L2 | Platform 1 Eastbound | Towards → Prajapati Nagar Next Station: Sitabuldi Change at the next station for Orange Line |
| L2 | Platform 2 Westbound | Towards ← Lokmanya Nagar Next Station: Institution of Engineers |
| Side platform | Doors will open on the left | |
| L2 | | |
# Roger Loveless

Roger Loveless is an American fantasy artist whose work has appeared in role-playing games.

## Career

Loveless graduated from Utah State University, then moved to Los Angeles to begin a freelance career in illustration. He has worked for clients from the entertainment industry, publishing, and advertising, including Milton Bradley, Nickelodeon, and Paramount Studios. He has created packaging illustrations for some Super NES and Genesis games and for G.I. Joe products. His Dungeons & Dragons work includes Vale of the Mage (1989), Legends & Lore (1990), Castles (1990), Tome of Magic (1991), Slayers of Lankhmar (1992), Cities of Bone (1994), Player's Option: Combat & Tactics (1995), and Warlock of the Stonecrowns (1995).
Loveless is also known for his inspirational images of Jesus Christ.
# BTG

BTG may refer to:

## Businesses and organisations

* BTG (company), a British maker of healthcare technology
* Battalion tactical group, a class of Russian military formation
* BT Group, a British telecommunications multinational

## Places in England

* Barnt Green railway station, West Midlands
* Bishop Thomas Grant School, London

## Other uses

* Bitcoin Gold, a cryptocurrency
* Bradley Trevor Greive, Australian author
# BTF (finance)

BTFs (Bons du Trésor à taux fixe et à intérêts précomptés) are fixed-rate short-term discount Treasury bills issued by the French debt agency Agence France Trésor (AFT).
They are fungible securities whose original maturity is less than or equal to one year. BTFs are issued on a weekly basis by auction, according to a quarterly calendar published in advance specifying the maturity of bills to be auctioned. A 3-month BTF is issued each week, together with a semi-annual or annual BTF.
# BTG Limited

BTG Limited is an international specialist healthcare company that is developing and commercialising products targeting critical care, cancer and other disorders. The current name was adopted when the British Technology Group changed its name on 27 May 1998. BTG was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by Boston Scientific in August 2019.

## History

In 1948, the National Research Development Corporation was formed with the purpose of commercialising innovations that arose from public funded research. This was complemented, in November 1975, by the establishment of the National Enterprise Board to implement the then-Government's policy of moving public sector industry into commercial private enterprise.
These two organisations were merged by the Government in 1981 to form a new, non-statutory body called the British Technology Group. It acted principally to license and commercialise the use of publicly funded developments. The Group was put onto a statutory footing in the British Technology Group Act 1991 with HM Treasury initially being the only shareholder. Subsequently, in March 1992, Cinven arranged a management buy-out from the Government. The company later floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1995. Three years later, on 27 May 1998, the Group adopted its present name. It now focuses its work on developing and commercialising medical innovations.
Since acquiring the commercialisation rights to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (under a revenue share scheme) in 1983, BTG has come to license a large part of the world market in MRI, including licensees such as General Electric and Philips.
BTG plc completed the acquisition of Protherics PLC in December 2008 and of Biocompatibles International plc in January 2011. In May 2016 BTG plc acquired the Israeli company Galil Medical for US$110 million. In September 2018, BTG plc acquired Novate Medical for up to $150 million.
In late November 2018 Boston Scientific announced it would acquire BTG for $4.2 billion. The transaction was due to complete in August 2019.

## Operations

BTG earns revenues from specialty pharmaceutical and interventional medicine product sales and on royalties from partnered products. It trades as BTG International Inc. in the United States and as BTG International Ltd. in the United Kingdom.
# Giant depolarizing potential

A giant depolarizing potential (GDP) is a type of patterned spontaneous activity that can be observed in preparations of developing brain at early stages of development. These patterns of activity differ a lot from both the adult brain activity, and epileptiform activity. In humans they exist only on prenatal stages, in rats they last for approximately P6.
GDPs were postulated to be essential for the establishment and maturation of synaptic connections in the immature brain.
One of the main conditions for GDP development (that is met in premature but not adult brain) is that GABA action on these stages should be excitatory rather than inhibitory. This is caused by a much higher concentration of Cl$^−$ concentration in the cytoplasm of neonatal neurons. Further, the expression of the chloride transporter, KCC2, is less in immature neurons, as a result of which there is the above-mentioned high intracellular chloride. On receiving a GABAergic stimulus, there is an efflux of Chloride from the cell, resulting in depolarization of the cell. This causes the GDPs. Once the KCC2 expression is relatively high, as in the adult, mature neurons, the GDPs almost simultaneously disappear. The increased level of KCC2 expression in adult, mature neurons alone is not the reason for the disappearance of the GDPs, however.
# Social Security Directorate

The Social Security Directorate is a directorate of the Scottish Government responsible for social security policy in Scotland. The directorate ensures the smooth and secure transition of benefits that are to be devolved to the Scottish Parliament, amounting to £2.8 billion.

## Work of the directorate

As a result of work of the directorate, devolved powers were granted to the Scottish Parliament over social security policy in Scotland. In 2018, Social Security Scotland was formed.

## Composition
### Cabinet secretaries

* Shirley-Anne Somerville, MSP Cabinet Secretary for Social Justice
* Joe FitzPatrick MSP, Minister for Local Government Empowerment and Planning

### Management of the directorate

* Paul Johnston, Director-General Communities
* Stephen Kerr, Director of Social Security
# Rodderberg

The Rodderberg is an extinct volcano in the east of the municipality of Wachtberg near Bonn, Germany. The last eruption was 250,000 years ago.
It is situated just above the Rhine valley. Together with the Drachenfels directly opposite, the Rodderberg narrows the Rhine valley. This gorge portion is the southern limit of the lowland-bay of Cologne.
The Rodderberg offers views to the Siebengebirge, the Rhine valley and up to the Cologne Cathedral, about 50 km away.

## Geology

The Rodderberg detonated in a phreatomagmatic eruption about 250,000 years ago. This happened when the magmatic plume reached the groundwater level of the Rhine (about 50 m higher than today). After the explosion, the crater was filled with water that formed a maar of about 90 m depth. In the last 250,000 years this feature filled with dust and soil until it was filled up to today's level.
The Rodderberg is now a small hill that has a shallow concave shape.
# Súni Fríði Barbá

Súni Fríði Barbá Johannesen (born 20 October 1972) is a retired Faroese football striker and later manager. He became Faroese league top goalscorer in 1995 and 2000.
# Giovanni del Biondo

Giovanni del Biondo was a 14th-century Italian painter of the Gothic and early-Renaissance period. He was active in the period 1356-1399 and is mainly known for his panel paintings. He specialized in religious-themed works, many of which have survived.

## Early life and education

Del Biondo's precise date of birth is unknown. From tax records, it is known that Giovanni del Biondo lived and flourished in Florence, where he died in 1399.
He may have trained in the workshop of Andrea and Nardo di Cione, where he also worked at the start of his career.

## Career

His earliest surviving works are frescoes. These works clearly bear the mark of the influence of Giotto's style. He later started making tempera paintings on panels. These works often show the influence of the works of Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Andrea di Cione, Jacopo di Cione and Bernardo Daddi. Nearly all of Biondo's paintings depict religious subjects and were originally part of large-scale polyptych altarpieces.
His earliest works are simple compositions with bright colors and typically lack dimensional depth. Gradually Biondo's figures gained more ornamentation and detail and a more naturalistic appearance. The figures also became more spontaneous in their arrangements. In his later paintings, Biondo paid more attention to foreground and background details in his composition. He created a greater sense of depth but his figures became more formalized and hardened.
The idiosyncrasies of his style include the wayward proportions, sharp, spiky features and a strong sense of design. There are only two surviving altarpieces that bear his signature. Because of his distinctive style it has been possible to confidently ascribe a significant number of works to the artist.
His style remained the same in his later career. The use of studio assistants with various levels of proficiency in his later period led to a certain loss in quality. There are two paragons of Giovanni del Biondo's style of painting in the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, Vision of Saint Benedict, "Saint Benedict Restores Life to Monk. Another Dei Biondo painting, Madonna with God and the Father, is housed at the Memorial Art Gallery at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York.The Detroit Institute of Art has two paintings by this Late Gothic Period Italian Painter,"Virgin Annunciate"and Archangel Annunciate".
# Giorgio Lattanzi

Giorgio Lattanzi (born 26 January 1939) is an Italian judge. He was judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 9 December 2010 to 9 December 2019 and president from 8 March 2018 until the end of his mandate.

## Career

Lattanzi was born in Rome. Before his appointment to the Constitutional Court he served as President of Section of the Court of Cassation. He was appointed by the Court of Cassation to the Constitutional Court on 19 November 2010, and sworn into office on 9 December 2010. He was elected vice president of the court on 12 November 2014. On 8 March 2018 Lattanzi was elected president, he received 12 votes in favour and one blank. In October 2019 the Constitutional Court received severe criticism from political leaders Matteo Salvini and Nicola Zingaretti for a ruling regarding the rights of mafia-related convicts sentenced to life imprisonment. Lattanzi indicated that the criticism reached unacceptable levels, stating "..criticism is one thing, an attack is another." On 9 December 2019 Lattanzi's term in the Constitutional Court ended and he was succeeded as president by Marta Cartabia.
Lattanzi was made Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic on 24 October 2011.
# Bachtelblick-Schanze

The Bachtelblick-Schanze is a ski jumping hill in the town of Gibswil, close to Fischenthal, Switzerland. It was built in 2005-06 and was opened in late 2006. In the summer it is covered with plastic matting. Close to this hill there is also a K28 and K14. The hill record, 65.5 m was set by Adrian Schuler, jumping for SC Einsiedeln.
# Bachstrom Point

Bachstrom Point (65°29′S 63°51′W﻿ / ﻿65.483°S 63.850°W﻿ / -65.483; -63.850) is a headland on the northeast side of Beascochea Bay, 8 nautical miles (15 km) southeast of Cape Perez on the southwest coast of Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first charted by the British Graham Land Expedition, 1934–37, under John Rymill, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Johann Bachstrom, the author in 1734 of a classic pamphlet recognizing scurvy as a nutritional deficiency disease and prescribing the necessary measures for its prevention and cure.
# Giovanni Zanardini

Giovanni Antonio Maria Zanardini (12 June 1804, Venice – 24 April 1878) was an Italian physician and botanist who specialized in the field of phycology.
In 1831 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Padua, followed by a degree in surgery and obstetrics from the University of Pavia three years later. During his career, he worked as a physician in Padua and Venice. For a period of time, he served as secretary of the Istituto Veneto Scienze e Lettere.
The algae genus Zanardinia (in class Phaeophyceae) is named after him, as are species with the epithet of zanardinii.

## Published works

* "Algae and related subjects - collected works", 1839.
* Notizie intorno alle cellulari marine delle lagune e de'litorali di Venezia, 1847.
* Prospetto della flora Veneta, 1847 - Prospectus of Venetian flora.
* "Plantarum in Mari Rubro hucusque collectarum enumerato (Juvante A. Figari)", 1858.
* Iconographia phycologica Adiratica : ossia, scelta di ficee nuove o piu rare del Mare Adriatico, 1860 - Iconography of Adriatic phycology.
* Iconographia phycologica mediterraneoadriatica ossia Scelta di ficee nuove o più rare dei mari mediterraneo ed adriatico, 1871 - Iconography of Mediterranean-Adriatic phycology.
* "Phycearum Indicarum pugillus", 1872.
# BLE No. 44

Locomotive No. 44 of the Brunswick State Railway Company (Braunschweigische Landes-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BLE) was a tank locomotive for mixed passenger and goods traffic. The locomotive, built in 1934 by Krupp, had a 2-8-2T wheel arrangement and a two-cylinder superheated engine. Leading and trailing wheels were housed in a Bissel bogie. Rather unusual for such a locomotive were the smoke deflectors which were attached directly to the side tanks and extended as far as the front buffer beam.
After the takeover of the BLE by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1938, the engine was given the running number 79 001, re-using a number previously given to a Saxon XV HTV that had been retired in 1933.
The engine survived the Second World War and was sold to the Deutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft [de] (DEG), and sent to their Braunschweig-Schöninger Eisenbahn [de] (BSE) in 1947. It was transferred to the Frankfurt-Königsteiner Eisenbahn [de] (FKE) in 1949, the Teutoburger Wald-Eisenbahn [de] (TWE) in 1960, and then returned to the FKE in 1966. It was retired there in 1973.
The running number 79 001 was allocated in 1951 to the former French locomotive, 1-242.TA.602, which had ended up in German hands after the war.
# TNT Towers

The TNT Towers are a pair of twin buildings in Redfern, Sydney, Australia. Construction commenced in 1972, with work completed in 1975 as the headquarters for TNT. In September 2002, the buildings were sold by TNT to Kimberley Securities.
In 2004, the New South Wales Police Force took a lease on seven floors. In 2016, planning approval was granted to redevelop both towers for residential use. The existing 12 storey towers had an additional six storeys added.
# Jim Hautman

Jim Hautman is an American painter, residing in Minnesota. The artist is best known for his realist wildlife art, particularly the U.S. Federal Duck Stamp. The artist's paintings have been featured on the 1999, 1995 and 1990 Federal Duck Stamps, a project that raised millions of dollars for environmental conservation.
His brothers Joe Hautman and Robert Hautman are also wildlife artists.
# Gibeau

Gibeau is a surname of French origin, a variant of Gibault and Gibeault, which are derived from the ancient Germanic personal name Gibwald, composed of the elements gib, meaning 'gift', and wald, meaning 'power authority'. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jean-Marc Gibeau, Canadian politician
* Marie Gibeau (1950–2002), Canadian politician
# Gibeaumeix

Gibeaumeix (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.
# Roger Fitzhardinge

Roger Berkeley Fitzhardinge (23 March 1879 – 9 January 1965) was an Australian rower. He was a dual Australian champion who stroked an Australian crew which won the Grand Challenge Cup at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1912 and the Australian men's eight at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

## Club and state rowing

Fitzhardinge competed for the Sydney Rowing Club and later served a term as the club's vice-president.
He was selected to stroke New South Wales eights which contested the Australian interstate men's eight events at the Interstate Regattas in 1903, 1904, 1908 and 1911. Those New South Wales crews with Fitzhardinge at stroke were victorious in 1908 and 1911. For the three years from 1909 to 1911 he was the selector of the New South Wales men's eight.
In 1913 and 1923 he was New South Wales state selector. In 1932 he was an Assistant coach of the St Joseph's College Hunters Hill first VIII in their victory in that year's GPS Head of the River.

## International representative rowing

An Australian eight was selected in 1912 to compete at the Henley Royal Regatta and the Stockholm Olympics. It was a co-operative venture between the NSW and the Victorian Rowing Associations, there being no Australian governing body at the time. Much of the funding for the trip came from the Victorian Rowing Association and the families of the two Victorian crew members Simon Fraser and Harry Ross-Soden.
The Australian eight needed to nominate at Henley as a club entrant and raced as the Sydney Rowing Club from which five of the crew and coxswain were drawn. Fraser, Ross-Soden and the Leichhardt man Henry Hauenstein joined the Sydney Club to legitimise the entry. Fitzhardinge was the stroke at Henley when the eight progressed through their match races and beat the Leander Club in the final to take the 1912 Grand Challenge Cup. Onto Sweden for the 1912 Summer Olympics and with Keith Heritage changed out for the UK resident Australian Hugh Ward, Fitzhardinge again stroked the Australian eight. They beat a Swedish crew in the first round then in the quarter-final they were knocked-out by same Leander eight they'd triumphed over at Henley.
# T. Parker Smith

Theodore Parker Smith was a leader at business colleges in the U.S. He ran Smith's Business College in Lynchburg, Virginia.

## Early life

Smith was a Missouri native, graduated from Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) in 1888 and married Clara Alexander of Lynchburg.

## Career

An 1899 advertisement in the Richmond Planet announced that the school offered courses in “phonographic, penning, commercial, English…”, and a 1908 publication lauded Smith as “one of the pioneers” in the work of training African Americans in business principles.
By 1897, he was a professor at a business college in Lynchburg, Virginia. He later served as president and manager of Smith's Business College in Lynchburg where he taught stenography and bookkeeping. In 1910, Smith left that position to join the faculty of the National Religious Training School (a predecessor of North Carolina Central University).
By 1911 they had moved to Durham, North Carolina, where he was the Dean of the Commercial Department at the school. Clara served as the head of the Teacher's Department. He taught at the North Carolina State Summer School for Negro Teachers.
They later moved to Kansas City, Missouri and in August 1933 Smith was hit in the hip by a stray bullet shot by fleeing bank robbers. By 1934, Smith was operating a new Smith's Business College in Kansas City, Missouri.

## Personal life

Smith's children included Myra Lyle Smith Kearse, who in turn was the mother of Amalya Lyle Kearse.
# Bad Sulza station

Bad Sulza station is a railway station in the municipality of Bad Sulza, located in the Weimarer Land district in Thuringia, Germany.
# Giovanni Alberti (mathematician)

Giovanni Alberti (born March 21, 1965) is an Italian mathematician who is active in the fields of calculus of variations, real analysis and geometric measure theory.

## Scientific activity

Alberti has studied at Scuola Normale Superiore under the guide of Giuseppe Buttazzo and Ennio De Giorgi; he is professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa. Alberti is mostly known for two remarkable theorems he proved at the beginning of his career, that eventually found applications in various branches of modern mathematical analysis. The first is a very general Lusin type theorem for gradients asserting that every Borel vector field can be realized as the gradient of a continuously differentiable function outside a closed subset of a priori prescribed (small) measure. The second asserts the rank-one property of the distributional derivatives of functions with bounded variation, thereby verifying a conjecture of De Giorgi. This theorem has found several applications, as for instance in the Ambrosio's proof of an open problem posed by Di Perna and Lions concerning the well-posedness of the continuity equation involving BV vector fields. This result is nowadays commonly known as Alberti's rank-one theorem and its proof rests of a very delicate use of sophisticated tools from geometric measure theory; in particular, it makes use of the concept of tangent measure to another measure. Subsequently, Alberti has given contributions to the study of various aspects of Ginzburg-Landau vortices and of the continuity equation.

## Recognitions

Alberti has been awarded the Caccioppoli prize in 2002 and has been an invited speaker at the fourth European Congress of Mathematics. He has also been awarded the Ordine del Cherubino by the University of Pisa during the 2024 award ceremony.