OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Saint-Michel, Aisne

Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is also unofficially called Saint-Michel-en-Thiérache.

## Personalities

* French Revolution leader Antoine Joseph Santerre, whose family moved from Saint-Michel to Paris before the Revolution.
# Saint-Michel, Charente

Saint-Michel (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Charente department in southwestern France.

## Population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1793 | 391 | — |
| 1800 | 501 | +3.60% |
| 1806 | 346 | −5.98% |
| 1821 | 491 | +2.36% |
| 1831 | 491 | +0.00% |
| 1841 | 591 | +1.87% |
| 1846 | 569 | −0.76% |
| 1851 | 519 | −1.82% |
| 1856 | 553 | +1.28% |
| 1861 | 676 | +4.10% |
| 1866 | 782 | +2.96% |
| 1872 | 773 | −0.19% |
| 1876 | 882 | +3.35% |
| 1881 | 985 | +2.23% |
| 1886 | 1,068 | +1.63% |
| 1891 | 1,302 | +4.04% |
| 1896 | 1,311 | +0.14% |
| 1901 | 1,246 | −1.01% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1906 | 1,209 | −0.60% |
| 1911 | 1,262 | +0.86% |
| 1921 | 1,296 | +0.27% |
| 1926 | 1,368 | +1.09% |
| 1931 | 1,534 | +2.32% |
| 1936 | 1,769 | +2.89% |
| 1946 | 1,960 | +1.03% |
| 1954 | 1,849 | −0.73% |
| 1962 | 2,305 | +2.79% |
| 1968 | 2,702 | +2.68% |
| 1975 | 2,846 | +0.74% |
| 1982 | 3,238 | +1.86% |
| 1990 | 3,125 | −0.44% |
| 1999 | 2,960 | −0.60% |
| 2007 | 3,078 | +0.49% |
| 2012 | 3,279 | +1.27% |
| 2017 | 3,227 | −0.32% |
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) :
# Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

The Journal for the Study of the Old Testament (JSOT) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of Biblical studies. The editors-in-chief are David Shepherd (Trinity College Dublin) and Lena-Sofia Tiemeyer (Örebro School of Theology). It was established in 1976 and is published by SAGE Publications.
The journal is associated with the Sheffield school approach, which engages in literary readings of the final form of the biblical text.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Academics Premier
* ATLA Religion Database
* Index theologicus
* New Testament Abstracts
* Religion & Philosophy Collection
# Guntur (disambiguation)

Guntur is a city in the Guntur mandal of the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Guntur may also refer to:
* Guntur district, one of the 13 districts in Andhra Pradesh, India
* Guntur revenue division, a revenue division in the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Guntur East mandal, a mandal in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Guntur West mandal, a mandal in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Guntur Urban mandal, a former mandal of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
* Mount Guntur, a volcano in Indonesia
* Guntur, an administrative village, in Setiabudi, South Jakarta, Indonesia
* MV Guntur, a coastal tanker, formerly named Empire Barkis, in service with Shell Company of Singapore Ltd from 1947 to 1962
* Guntur Soekarnoputra, son of Indonesian politician Sukarno
# Zidani

Zidani may refer to:
* Amina Zidani (born 1993), French boxer
* Marcel Zidani, British pianist and composer
* Zidani clan, Arab family that ruled Palestine in the 18th century
* Zidani Most, a Slovenian village of the municipality of Laško
** Zidani Most railway station
* Zidani Most, Trebnje, a Slovenian village of the municipality of Trebnje
* Zaydan, a name of Arab origin, meaning increase (z.y.d root)
# Werewere (disambiguation)

Werewere may refer to:
* Werewere (chieftain), a seventeenth century Māori chieftain
* Ngāti Werewere, a subtribe (hapū) of the Ngāti Hauā tribe in New Zealand
* Werewere, a meeting house (marae) affiliated with Ngāti Hauā and Ngāti Werewere in Morrinsville, New Zealand
# Shabkhoon

Shabkhoon was an Urdu literary magazine started in June 1966 in Allahabad, India. The magazine was founded and edited by poet and author Shamsur Rahman Faruqi who used to work on it along with his job at the Indian Postal Service. The journal covered the modernist (jadidiyat) voice in Urdu literature at a time when the literary scene was dominated by progressive literature (taraqqi pasand) and was hailed as "the harbinger of modernism in Urdu". The Magazine was calligraphed by a scribe (katib) Salimullah Naiyer. Forty years after being started, the journal was published for the last time in June 2006. Though it was popular, it ceased publication owing to editor Shamsur Rahman Faruqi's failing health.
Describing the support of his wife Jamila Faruqi, Rehman said:
   Without Jamila, there would have been no Shabkhoon and without Shabkhoon my struggle to become a writer of my kind would never have ended.

## Origins

Faruqi initially thought of naming the Magazine Teesha (axe or adze) associated with Farhad, a stonemason in the Persian Romance Khosrow and Shirin, who had to cut through a mountain. Finally, Shabkhoon (surprise attack by night) — an allusion to "shaking the world of [urdu] literature out of stasis" — was decided upon. The magazine was financially supported by Faruqi's wife Jamila. It was published for the first time in June 1966 with Progressive writer Ejaz Hussain as its first editor.

## Notable Contributors

The magazine became so popular that progressive writers started contributing to the magazine. The magazine also published works of Pakistani writers. Some of the notable contributors include:
* Adil Mansuri
* Ali Sardar Jafri
* Anwar Sajjad
* Asif Farrukhi
* Balraj Komal
* Intizar Hussain
* Ismat Chughtai
* Rajinder Singh Bedi
* Zafar Iqbal
# San Pietro in Guarano

San Pietro in Guarano is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy.

## Geography

The town is bordered by Castiglione Cosentino, Celico, Lappano, Rende, Rose, Rovito and Zumpano.
# Arne Gericke

Arne Gericke (born 19 November 1964 in Hamburg) is a German politician who was formerly a Member of the European Parliament. Elected for the Family Party of Germany in the 2014 election, he left in 2017 to join the Free Voters. After 15 months with the Free Voters, he left to join the minor conservative Christian party Bündnis C.
At the European level, while he was a member of the Free voters he was also technically a member of the European Democratic Party, however he has always remained affiliated with the European Christian Political Movement and sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group in the European Parliament.
He lost his seat in the 2019 European Parliament election after Bündnis C failed to win enough votes to entitle them to a seat.
In 2012 Gericke was awarded the Mestemacher Bakery prize for Father of the Year, given to men who are model fathers.
# Alarm photosynthesis

Alarm photosynthesis is a variation of photosynthesis where calcium oxalate crystals function as dynamic carbon pools, supplying carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) to photosynthetic cells when stomata are partially or totally closed. This biochemical appendance of the photosynthetic machinery is a means to alleviate the perpetual plant dilemma of using atmospheric CO$_2$ for photosynthesis and losing water vapor, or saving water and reducing photosynthesis. The function of alarm photosynthesis seems to be rather auxiliary to the overall photosynthetic performance. It supports a low photosynthetic rate, aiming at the maintenance and photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus rather than a substantial carbon gain.

## History

The alarm photosynthesis process was first evidenced in pigweed Amaranthus hybridus plant in 2016 when A. hybridus leaves were exposed to drought conditions or exogenous application of abscisic acid. The same study showed similar results in Dianthus chinensis, Pelargonium peltatum, and Portulacaria afra plants under drought stress. In 2018, the alarm photosynthesis process was exhibited in A. hybridus plants under controlled CO$_2$ starvation conditions. In 2020, evidence of this process was shown in the Antarctic extremophile plant Colobanthus quitensis under CO$_2$ limiting conditions.

## Mechanism

Under stress conditions (e.g. water deficit) oxalate released from calcium oxalate crystals is converted to CO$_2$ by an oxalate oxidase enzyme and the produced CO$_2$ can support the Calvin cycle reactions. Reactive hydrogen peroxide (H$_2$O$_2$), the byproduct of oxalate oxidase reaction, can be neutralized by catalase.

### Differences against CAM and C4

Alarm photosynthesis represents an unknown photosynthetic variation to be added to the already known C4 and CAM pathways. However, alarm photosynthesis, in contrast to these pathways, operates as a biochemical pump that collects carbon from the organ interior (or from the soil) and not from the atmosphere.
# Stress dysregulation

Various types of stress dysregulation are described in articles on:
* Adrenal insufficiency
* Emotional dysregulation
* Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
* Transgenerational stress inheritance
# Reginald Ward Poole

Sir Reginald Ward Edward Lane Poole, KCVO (23 November 1864 – 11 August 1941) was a prominent British solicitor who became President of the Law Society and, according to The Times, "to the public at large perhaps the best known solicitor of his day".

## Biography

Poole was born in Paddington, London, the son of Professor Reginald Stuart Poole of London and Eliza Christina Forlonge of Tasmania. He was educated at Bedford School and at the University of London. He was articled to Sir George Lewis, 1st Baronet in 1887, admitted as a solicitor in 1891, and became a partner of Lewis and Lewis, one of the best known legal firms in the country, in 1894, becoming sole partner of the firm in 1927. He was a member of the Council of the Law Society, between 1919 and 1940, President of the Law Society, between 1933 and 1934, Chairman of the Discipline Committee of the Law Society, a Member of the Royal Commission on Police Powers and Procedure, in 1929, and a Member of the Committee appointed by the Lord Chancellor to consider the Law of Defamation, in 1939.
Poole was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1928 Birthday Honours, gazetted on 1 June 1928, and a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1934. He died in London on 11 August 1941, aged 76.
# Styloleptus posticalis

Styloleptus posticalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gahan in 1895.
# Stylosanthes hamata

Stylosanthes hamata, the Caribbean stylo, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to the islands of the Caribbean, and nearby areas on the mainland; Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela, and it has been introduced as a forage crop to Florida, Peru, Brazil, the Gambia, Burkina Faso, Benin, India, Thailand, Hainan, and northern Australia. There are diploid and tetraploid cultivars, with the tetraploids being more drought tolerant and more frequently sown for pasture.
# Stylosanthes humilis

Stylosanthes humilis, the Townsville stylo, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to the New World Tropics, and widely introduced as a forage to the tropics of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Malesia, and Australia. A nutritionally valuable forage plant, it was nearly wiped out in Australia in the 1970s by an outbreak of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose disease.
# Shi Liang

Shi Liang (Chinese: 史良; pinyin: Shǐ Liáng; Wade–Giles: Shih Liang; March 27, 1900 – September 6, 1985) was a prominent lawyer and activist of the Republic of China. She was the only woman arrested in what was known as the Seven Gentlemen Incident on the eve of war with Japan in 1936. In 1949, she became the first Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China.

## Biography

Shi Liang was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu in 1900. She was educated in Shanghai and became a lawyer there. She and another six intellectuals were arrested by Chiang Kai-shek’s government in 1936, in what is known as the Seven Gentlemen Incident.
Shi was the first Minister of Justice of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1959.

## Citations

* ↑ Shan (2013), pp. 51–77.
* ↑ Lee (2016), pp. 454–455.

## General references

* Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (2016). "Shi Liang". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women. Vol. 2. London: Routledge. pp. 450–455.
* Shan, Patrick Fuliang (2013). "Demythologizing Politicized Myths: A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident". Frontiers of History in China. 8 (1): 51–77. doi:10.3868/s020-002-013-0004-6.
# Gateway Tour

The Gateway Tour was a third-level men's professional golf tour headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona that ran series of tournaments in Arizona, California, Florida, Alabama and Texas.

## History

The tour was founded as the Gateway Pro Tour in 2001 by former Arizona State All-American golfer Chris Stutts, with sponsorship from Gateway, Inc.. The tour was modelled on the Golden Bear Tour, based in West Palm Beach, Florida, which Stutts had competed on, winning 4 tournaments and leading the money list in 1997. Its aim was to help players to win a place on the Nationwide/Web.com Tour, or jump directly to the PGA Tour. The tour's board of advisers included Phil Mickelson and Tom Lehman.
The first season in 2002 had 14 tournaments, all in Arizona, and paid out US$2,400,000 in prize money, primarily funded by the players' entry fees. Regular tournaments were 54-hole events, with four series championships played over 72 holes, and a 72-hole Tour Championship for the top players in all four series. In 2003, a "Beach Series" was created, based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, with the Arizona events becoming known as the "Desert Series". A "Pacific Series" was held in 2004, based in San Diego, California. The Beach Series proved less popular than the Desert Series, and after two seasons, it was decided to relocate it to Florida. In March 2005, in order to avoid being in direct competition, the Golden Bear Tour merged with the Gateway Tour. Also in 2005, a "Robert Trent Jones Trail" series was held, which was played on Robert Trent Jones courses in Alabama. In 2008 and 2009, a "DFW Series" was held, based in the Dallas–Fort Worth area in Texas. The leading players in each series qualified to play in the Tour Championship.
In 2013, operations were merged with the All-American Tour, and the tour became known as the All-American Gateway Tour. There were subsequent joint-ventures with the NGA Pro Golf Tour (the NGA Gateway Tour) and the eGolf Professional Tour (the eGolf Gateway Tour). For sponsorship reasons, at different times, the tour was titled as the Grey Goose Gateway Tour (2004–2007) and the OnCore Gateway Tour (2015–2017). Tour alumni include Sean O'Hair, Notah Begay III, J. B. Holmes, Steve Marino, Kevin Stadler, and Bubba Watson.

## Money list winners

| Year | Winner | Prize money (US$) |
| 2013 | Nathan Tyler | 92,675 |
| 2012 | Benoit Beisser | 53,775 |
| 2011 | James Drew | 70,375 |
| 2010 | Eric Meierdierks | 71,793 |
| 2009 | Charlie Beljan | 159,180 |
| 2008 | Jesse Mueller | 171,168 |
| 2007 | Ryan Dillon | 134,132 |
| 2006 | | |
| 2005 | | |
| 2004 | Jerry Smith | 198,423 |
| 2003 | Brian Smock | 156,412 |
| 2002 | David Howser | 124,032 |
# Gasanov

Gasanov is an Azerbaijani surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Amir Gasanov (born 1987), Russian footballer
* Dzhamaladin Gasanov (born 1964), Russian politician
* Eldar Gasanov (born 1982), Ukrainian chess player
* Elmar Gasanov (born 1983), Ukrainian classical pianist
* Gasan Gasanov (born 1987), Russian footballer
* Shamil Gasanov (born 1993), Russian footballer
# Gasarenda

Gasarenda is a small town located in the Nyamagabe District in the Southern province of Rwanda. It is populated mainly by ordinary citizens that live on agriculture and a few businessmen. It is known to be one of the oldest small-scale business towns in the country with income based on agricultural revenues from tea plantations and wood works. It is a home to two main tea factories of Kitabi and Mata.
# Gasba music

Gasba or tamja is a musical style based on a wind instrument of the same name (gasba literally means "reed" in the Berber language), which is widespread in Tunisia, Algeria (among Chawis of north-east Algeria and Oran in the northwest), and in Morocco, (in the eastern Rif (Al Hoceima, Driouch, Nador, Berkane) Oujda, Beni Mathar and Bouarfa and by Jilala brotherhood).
# Su-Huai Wei

Su-Huai Wei (Chinese: 魏苏淮) is a Chinese computational physicist.
Wei earned a bachelor's of science degree in physics from Fudan University in 1981, and moved to the United States to pursue graduate study in the subject. After he completed his doctorate at the College of William & Mary in 1985, Wei became a postdoctoral researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. He remained on the NREL staff until returning to China for a post at the Computational Science Research Center. In 1998, while affiliated with NREL, Wei was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society "[f]or contributions to the understanding of electronic structures and stabilities of compounds, alloys, interfaces, superlattices and impurities using first-principles calculations and for development of the methods for such calculations."
# Garnet Campbell

Harry Garnet Campbell (31 July 1903 – 23 January 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played for and coached Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Football

Campbell, noted for his strong disposal skills and pace, was best suited as either a centreman or winger. Essendon won Grand Finals in his first two seasons, but he was not a member of their premiership sides, finding it hard to break into the team initially. He was a regular from 1925 onwards and in the 1926 Brownlow Medal count finished as Essendon's highest vote getter and equal fifth overall. Campbell, who represented Victoria at the 1927 Melbourne Carnival, was appointed captain-coach of Essendon in 1931 but his stint and VFL career ended in 1933 when they finished with the wooden spoon. He finished his career as Sandringham's captain-coach.
# Gastão d'Escragnolle, Baron d'Escragnolle

Gastão Luís Henrique Robert d'Escragnolle, Baron d'Escragnolle (Rio de Janeiro, April 16, 1821 — Rio de Janeiro, June 16, 1886) was a Brazilian politician, military figure and nobleman. He was son of French noblemen Alexandre Louis Marie de Robert, count d'Escragnolle (1785 — 1828), and Adelaïde Françoise Madeleine de Beaurepaire-Rohan (1785 - 1840).
He was the aide-de-camp of Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, the Duke of Caxias. He later abandoned his career as a lieutenant colonel to dedicate himself to politics, in the area of public administration.
One of his sisters, Gabriela d'Escragnolle, married the painter Félix Taunay; one of their sons is the famous novelist and politician Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, the Viscount of Taunay.
# Garret J. Durie House

Garret J. Durie House is located in Haworth, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1811 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983.
# Garret Keizer

Garret Keizer (born 1953) is an American author, poet and essayist.
Keizer was born in New Jersey and studied English at Montclair State University. He moved to Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom in 1979 when he was 26. He lives with his family in Sutton, Vermont.
Keizer has written numerous critically acclaimed books. He is also a regular contributor to Harper's Magazine. He has served as an Episcopal priest and a high school English teacher.

## Honors and awards

Keizer was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2006. His first published book of poetry, The World Pushes Back, won the X. J. Kennedy Poetry Prize in 2018. He was inducted into the Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2019.

## Authored books

* No Place But Here: A Teacher's Vocation in a Rural Community, Viking, 1988
* The Enigma of Anger: Essays on a Sometimes Deadly Sin, Jossey-Bass, 2002
* A Dresser of Sycamore Trees: The Finding of A Ministry, Viking, 1991
* Keizer (2004). Help: The Original Human Dilemma. Harper One. ISBN 0060560622.
* Keizer (2002). God of Beer. HarperCollins. ISBN 0060294574.
* Privacy, Picador, 2012
* Keizer, Garret (2010). The unwanted sound of everything we want: a book about noise (1. ed.). New York, NY: Public Affairs. ISBN 9781586485528.
* Getting Schooled: The Reeducation of an American Teacher, Henry Holt, 2014
* The World Pushes Back, Texas Review Press, 2019

## Selected articles

* Requiem for the Private Word - Harper's Magazine - August 2008
* Specific suggestion: General strike - Harper's Magazine - October 2007
* Left, Right and Wrong - Mother Jones - March/April 2005
* Sound and Fury - Harper's Magazine - March 2001
* Life Everlasting - Harper's Magazine - February 2005
* Loaded - Harper's Magazine - December 2006
# Asca duosetosa

Asca duosetosa is a species of mite in the family Ascidae.
# Asca grostali

Asca grostali is a species of mite in the family Ascidae.
# Asca evansi

Asca evansi is a species of mite in the family Ascidae.
# Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

The Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment (GDARDE) is a department of the Gauteng provincial government in South Africa. It is responsible for agricultural affairs, environmental protection and nature conservation within Gauteng. It was formerly known as the Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment (GDACE).

## Nature reserves managed by the department

* Abe Bailey Nature Reserve
* Alice Glockner Nature Reserve
* Marievale Bird Sanctuary
* Roodeplaat Nature Reserve
* Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve

## GDARDE services

* Agriculture
* Environment
* Conservation
* Veterinary services
* Rural Development
# Asbestopluma

Asbestopluma is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Cladorhizidae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. They are typically found in deep water, however it is possible to find them in shallow water caves, as some have been observed in the Trois Pépés cave at La Ciotat (a commune in Marseille, France). The sponge, along with the rest of the Cladorhizidae family is carnivorous, often being found in deep sea waters, in the Arctic and the Northwest Atlantic ocean.
Species:
* Asbestopluma agglutinans Vacelet, 2006
* Asbestopluma anisoplacochela Kelly & Vacelet, 2011
* Asbestopluma belgicae (Topsent, 1901)