OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# George Kassabaum

George E. Kassabaum (December 5, 1920 – August 14, 1982) was an American architect, and one of the co-founders of the HOK architectural firm.

## Early life

George Edward Kassabaum was born in Atchison, Kansas. He was the only child of George Kassabaum and Dorothy Kassabaum. From a very young age he expressed an interest in becoming an architect. He graduated from Classen Senior High School in Oklahoma City in 1938.
He attended Washington University in St. Louis where he met his future partners, George Hellmuth and Gyo Obata. He earned both a bachelor's and master's degrees in architecture before graduating in 1947.
Kassabaum graduated in 1947 and began working for a local architecture firm in St. Louis founded by two faculty members of Washington University.

## Career

In 1955, he co-founded Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, now known as HOK.
He was national president of the American Institute of Architects from 1968 to 1969.

## Honors

* AIA Fellowship, 1967
* Honorary Fellow, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, 1969
* Honorary Fellow, La Sociedad de Arquitectos Mexicanos, 1969
* Honorary Fellow, La Sociedad Columbiana de Arquitectos, 1969
* Washington University Alumni Citation, 1972
* Missouri Architect of the Year Award, 1978

## Philanthropic service

Kassabaum was a board member of Washington University and an Eliot Society president.

## Personal life

Kassabaum married Marjory Verser in 1949. The couple had three children: Douglas, Anne, and Karen.
Kassabaum died at Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, on August 14, 1982, at the age of 61, having suffered a stroke three days earlier at his home in Ladue, a suburb of St. Louis.
# World Conquest (play-by-mail game)

World conquest was a play by mail wargame published for play in 1988 by Prime Time Simulations. It was an "operational level game of land, sea and air warfare".

## Development

Prime Time Simulations published the game in 1988. By 1992, the publisher had released its successor, Modern World Conquest, while World Conquest was still active.

## Gameplay

World Conquest was a "fast paced simulation of combined arms conflict." Each game comprised 12 players in a World War II setting, with players governing a nation on a 50×60 grid map with 30 types of available combat units. The object of the game was to "be the first player to capture twelve cities and hold them for one full turn". The game allowed players to choose strategies such as: land-based, sea-based, air-based, technology research-focused, and others.
Players began in their capital cities which were at the center of their territories. As these territories were unmapped, exploration was a central part of early play, in order to capture neutral cities. The primary element of gameplay was the unit, of which there were thirty types. Players could produce units with "buildsteps" generated by cities or villages, all of which produced different numbers of buildsteps. Unit costs ranged from two at the low end to twenty for battleships at the top end, while most units cost between two and six. Other unit types included: artillery, basic infantry, fighters, mechanized infantry, paratroopers, rocket, special forces, and tanks. Each unit had an experience level from green, trained, veteran, crack, to elite.
Turns were divided into five phases, during which players accounted for a number of variables when moving and conducting combat operations. Combat could be a fairly simple affair between two units or it could be a "highly complex and mind-boggling affair" with multiple players and unit types involved on a single game square.

## Reception

In 1991, reviewer Mark Macagnone stated in Paper Mayhem magazine that the game was "good, with a little more effort it can be great!" In the same issue, Randall E. Black also reviewed the game, stating that he "really enjoyed the game, and felt it gave great value for the money." Out of a possible 5, he rated the game a 4 for its rule book and enjoyment, 5 for dollar value and gamemaster response, and 3 for playability, while placing its complexity in the medium to complex range. Reviewer Jack Herriman II said in 1993 that World Conquest was "made for inventive people" in that it allowed many different possibilities for force generation to pursue campaigns. The game was listed as the #9 of 84 play-by-mail games in the Sep/Oct 1992 issue of Paper Mayhem magazine, and was listed in the same issue as the #1 play-by-mail game for games with over 100 voting responses.
# Soup (Otomo Yoshihide, Bill Laswell and Yasuhiro Yoshigaki album)

Soup is a collaborative album by Bill Laswell, Yasuhiro Yoshigaki and Otomo Yoshihide. It was released on December 10, 2003 by P-Vine Records.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Bill Laswell, Yasuhiro Yoshigaki and Otomo Yoshihide

## Personnel

Adapted from the Soup liner notes.

### Musicians

* Bill Laswell – bass guitar, sampler, effects, mixing
* Yasuhiro Yoshigaki – drums, percussion, electronic drums (1), trumpet (4)
* Otomo Yoshihide – guitar, turntables (2, 4), editing

### Technical personnel

* James Dellatacoma – assistant engineer
* Chikara Iwai – design
* Michael Fossenkemper – mastering
* Yoshiaki Kondo – recording
* Robert Musso – engineering
* Shin Terai – producer

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| Japan | 2003 | P-Vine | CD | PCD-5856 |
| United States | 2007 | ION | CD | Ion 2022 |
# Myron J. Cotta

Myron Joseph Cotta (born March 21, 1953) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was appointed as the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Stockton in California by Pope Francis on January 23, 2018. His installation mass was celebrated on March 15, 2018, at St. Stanislaus Catholic Church in Modesto, California. Cotta previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Sacramento in California from 2014 to 2018.

## Biography
### Early life

Myron Cotta was born on March 21, 1953, in Dos Palos, California, to Daniel and Mary Cotta. Growing up on a dairy farm, he attended Dos Palos High School. He received an associates degree from West Hills College Coalinga in Coalinga, California.
Deciding to become a priest, Cotta entered St. John's Seminary in Camarillo, California, in 1980. He received a bachelor's degree and a Master of Divinity degree in 1987.

### Priesthood

Cotta was ordained a priest at St. Anthony Church in Fresno by Bishop José de Jesús Madera Uribe for the Diocese of Fresno on September 12, 1987. The diocese assigned Cotta to the following pastoral assignments in California parishes:
* Parochial vicar at St. Anthony in Atwater (1987 to 1989)
* Administrator of Our Lady of Fatima Shrine in Laton (1989 to 1992)
* Pastor of Our Lady of Miracles Parish in Gustine (1992 to 1999)
Following his pastoral assignments, Cotta served as the vicar general and moderator of the curia for the diocese. Pope John Paul II named Cotta a chaplain of his holiness, with the title of monsignor, in 2002. Pope Benedict XVI named him a prelate of honor in 2009.
After the 2010 death of John Steinbock, the bishop of Fresno, the Vatican named Cotta as administrator of the diocese. He served this role until the consecration of Bishop Armando Ochoa in 2011.

### Auxiliary Bishop of Sacramento

Pope Francis appointed Cotta as an auxiliary bishop of Sacramento on January 24, 2014. He was also named titular bishop of Muteci. He was consecrated in the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament in Sacramento on March 25, 2014, by Bishop Jaime Soto. Bishops Armando Ochoa and José de Jesús Madera Uribe acted as the principal co-consecrators.

### Bishop of Stockton

On January 23, 2018, Francis named Cotta as bishop of Stockton. He was installed on March 15, 2018. Archbishop Salvatore Cordileone and Archbishop Christophe Pierre attended the installation mass.
Cotta is fluent in English, Spanish and Portuguese.
# George Courtauld

George Courtauld may refer to:
* George Courtauld (industrialist, born 1761) (1761–1823), founder of Courtaulds
* George Courtauld (industrialist, born 1802) (1802–1861), textile manufacturer and son of the founder of Courtaulds
* George Courtauld (politician) (1830–1920), English politician
* George Courtauld (writer), British writer
# George Courtauld (politician)

George Courtauld (11 August 1830 – 29 February 1920) was an English cloth manufacturer and Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1878 to 1885.
Courtauld was the son of George Courtauld of Bocking, Essex. He was educated at University College, London and became a partner in the firm of Samuel Courtauld & Co which had been established by his grandfather George Courtauld. He was High Sheriff of Essex in 1896 and a Justice of the Peace for Essex.
In December 1878 Courtauld was elected at a by-election as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Maldon. He held the seat until 1885. He was a Unitarian and supported social reform and suffrage extension.
Courtauld married firstly Mina Bromley, daughter of Walter Bromley of Clapton in 1855, and secondly Susanna Elizabeth Savill, daughter of S W Savill of Bocking in 1864, and married again in 1888. He and his wives had in total 13 children. His eldest daughter was Katharine Courtauld.
Courtauld died at the age of 89.
# Richard Boyle (soldier)

Lieutenant Colonel Richard Boyle (died 1649) was an Anglo-Irish Royalist officer who was murdered in Drogheda five days after the city fell to Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army.

## Biography

Boyle was the son of Richard Boyle, Archbishop of Tuam, and his wife Martha, daughter of Rice Wight of Brabouef Manor at Artington in Surrey and his wife Elizabeth Needler.
On 11 September 1649 Boyle was captured during the storming of Drogheda at the end of the siege. Five days later he was having dinner with Lady More (sister of John Gordon, Earl of Sutherland) when an English Parliamentary soldier entered the room and whispered something to him. Boyle stood up to follow the soldier, his hostess inquired where he was going, and he replied "Madam, to die". He was shot on leaving the room. In the opinion of Lady Antonia Fraser, this "was an answer in the great tradition of those Cavaliers who had died with honour and a jest on their lips in the Civil War".
# Georg Schories

Georg Schories (George Shories) (9 January 1874, in Berlin – 2 December 1934, in Berlin) was a German chess master.
Born in Berlin, he travelled first to Paris, then England, where for many years he, as George Shories, made his home. During World War I, Georg Schories suffered internment, then returned to Germany.
He won at Canterbury 1903, and drew a match with Paul Saladin Leonhardt (2 : 2) at London 1904. Schories earned his master title in Barmen 1905 (B tournament), where he tied for first and defeated Savielly Tartakower in their play-off match (2.5 : 1.5). He tied for 9-10th at Scheveningen 1905 (Frank James Marshall won). He won the amateur competition ahead of Hector William Shoosmith in the Ostend 1907 chess tournament (B tournament), then played less successfully in the General Masters' tournament.
He won at Tunbridge Wells 1908, shared 1st with Victor Wahltuch at Blackpool 1907, shared 1st with Frederick Yates at Blackpool 1910, but lost the play-off match (0 : 4), took 2nd behind Yates at Bromley 1910, tied for 3rd-5th at Oxford 1910, and won at Glasgow 1911. Towards the end of 1912, he and John O'Hanlon played a series of 19 friendly games (+11 –7 =1) while Shories was on a visit to the north of Ireland. In May 1914, he won at Belfast with 10½ out of 11. He won at Chester 1914.
After the war, he tied for 5-7th at Hamburg 1921 (the 21st DSB Congress, Ehrhardt Post won), tied for 3rd-4th at Kiel 1922, took 3rd at Wiesbaden 1925 (Quadrangular, Max Euwe won), and took 2nd, behind Berthold Koch, at Berlin 1929. His last tournament was at Bad Pyrmont 1933 (the 1st German Championship, Efim Bogoljubow won) in which he was the oldest participating master, and took 15th place.
# George Allan Maling

George Allan Maling VC (6 October 1888 – 9 July 1929) was an English medical doctor and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early life

Descended from the Maling pottery family, Maling was born at Carlton House in Bishopwearmouth, County Durham (now part of Sunderland), the youngest of nine children of Edwin Allan Maling (1838–1920), a general practitioner, and his wife Maria Jane, née Hartley (1847–1932). His paternal grandmother was a first cousin of Sir Henry Havelock. His mother's family originated from Scotland and had established a glassmaking business in Sunderland in the 1830s. Maling was educated at Uppingham School and graduated with honours in natural sciences from Exeter College, Oxford. He continued his studies at St Thomas' Hospital, qualifying MB BCh in 1914, then MRCS and LRCP in 1915.
After the initial outbreak of the First World War, Maling gained a temporary commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps as a 26-year-old Lieutenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps on 18 January 1915. After five months he joined the 12th Battalion, The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) as their medical officer. The following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:
On 25 September 1915 near Fauquissart, France Lieutenant Maling worked for over 24 hours with untiring energy, collecting and treating in the open, under heavy shell fire, more than 300 men. During the morning of the 25th he was temporarily stunned by the bursting of a large high-explosive shell which wounded his only assistant and killed several of his patients. A second shell covered him and his instruments with debris, but he continued his gallant work single-handed.
Maling was mentioned in despatches and promoted to Captain in 1916. He then returned to the UK and served in the Military Hospital in Grantham. He later joined the 34th Field Ambulance of the 11th (Northern) Division and served again in France for two years.
On 5 May 1917, Maling married Daisy Mabel Wolmer (1891–1973), originally from Winnipeg, at Sutton, Surrey and they had four children:
* John Allan MC (1920–2012), served in the Second World War and also became a doctor. Married Daphne Judith ("Judy") Haines in 1952 and had issue.
* Phyllis Mary (1922–2008), married Richard David Mortlock (1923–1976) and had issue.
* Edwin Lambton (1922–1941), died suddenly, aged 19, at the Royal Hospital School after recently enrolling in the Royal Navy.
* Barbara (1926–1949)
After the war, George was appointed resident Medical Officer at the Victoria Hospital for Children at Chelsea. He then set up a practice in Lee and was also appointed a surgeon to outpatients at St. John's Hospital, Lewisham.

## Death and legacy

Maling died on 9 July 1929, aged 40, after suffering from pleurisy and was buried in Chislehurst Cemetery. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Army Medical Services Museum, Aldershot. On 25 September 2015, a commemorative paving stone was placed at the base of Sunderland War Memorial, to mark 100 years since Maling was awarded the Victoria Cross.
# Silla (Graun)

Silla is an Italian-language opera in three acts by Carl Heinrich Graun to a libretto by Frederick II of Prussia, Frederick the Great, with Italian verses by Giovanni Pietro Tagliazucchi. It was first performed at the Hofoper unter den Linden, Berlin, on 27 March 1753.

## Performances and recordings

* Silla conducted by Alessandro De Marchi at Tiroler Landestheater, Festwochen Alte Musik, Innsbruck 2022 Bejun Mehta, Valer Sabadus, Hagen Matzeit, Samuel Marino, Eleonora Bellocci, Roberta Invernizzi, Mert Süngü, Coro Maghini, Innsbrucker Festwochen Orchester, Alessandro De Marchi 3CD
# Richard Hornsby

Richard Hornsby (Elsham in Lincolnshire 4 June 1790 – 6 January 1864) was an inventor and founder of a major agricultural machinery firm that developed steam engines. His firm also developed early diesels and caterpillar tracks. He came from a farming family, the son of William Hornsby and his wife Sarah.

## Formation of company

In 1805, at the age of fifteen, he started his apprenticeship for Havercroft Wheelwright in Barnetby (North Lincolnshire). He came to Grantham in 1810 looking for work. He approached Richard Seaman, the village blacksmith of Barrowby. When working in Barrowby, he had the idea to put a set of wheels on an adjustable harrow. Seeing this inventiveness, Seaman offered him a partnership in his company. Seaman & Hornsby was started in 1812 with business partner and blacksmith, Richard Seaman, a fellow methodist. The firm became Richard Hornsby & Sons in 1828, when Seaman retired. The company made ploughs and seed drills. By 1840, the company made steam engines, which were used for traction engines in the 1850s. These were used for harvesting crops.
After Hornsby's death, his firm built the first working (experimental) diesel engine in 1892; it went on to develop the continuous track for agricultural usage in 1905, which revolutionized land warfare.

## Personal life and family

Five of his children were Richard (born 1827), Louisa, James (born 1836), Helen Mary Anne and William (born 1838).
He died on 6 January 1864. His wife, Mary, died on 15 October 1866, aged 66. At the time of his death he had eight grandchildren. Two of his great-grand children would go to Eton. Although there is no monument to Richard Hornsby, one of his great-grandsons, Richard William Hornsby, is listed on the war memorial in Barrowby, after being killed in the First World War in Greece. His family were quite wealthy, owning 421 acres (1.70 km$^2$) of land, as the Hornsby company was a world leader in engine manufacture, until 1918.
# Atholl raids

The Atholl raids of 14 - 17 March 1746 were a series of raids carried out by Jacobite rebels against the British-Hanoverian Government during the Jacobite rising of 1745.

## Background

The commander of British forces in Scotland, Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, was confident that there was no chance of friendly forces being surprised, even though a man who had recently escaped from Jacobite captivity reported that the Jacobites were planning on attacking the outposts held by the Campbells that were covering Blair Atholl and Castle Menzies. The Jacobite commander, Lord George Murray, collected his Atholl Brigade along with two 4-pounder cannon and marched from Inverness to Strathspey, taking the surrender of Castle Grant on 14 March. Murray left the castle garrisoned by 100 men and in Ruthven, Badenoch he was joined by Archibald Menzies of Struan and Ewen MacPherson of Cluny with 300 Macphersons, bringing his total force to the number of 700 men.

## Raids

The Jacobite troops were divided into thirty companies or detachments, consisting of both Atholl men and MacPhersons and were each assigned a particular target. The Jacobite force strode across 30 miles of hills to come within reach of their objectives, taking the Pass of Killiecrankie. The post at Bun Rannoch was then taken which was being held by the Loudon's 64th Highlanders and much to the embarrassment of that unit's commander, Colin Campbell of Glenure, as he was not present when the Jacobite attack went in. He claimed that at the time he was at Castle Menzies trying to obtain food for his men. His militia men at Bun Rannoch had been drinking when they were surrounded at 11pm on 16 March by the Jacobites. The first sentry fired his musket but to no effect and was surrounded. The next post to the east was Kynachan House which guarded an important bridge over the River Tummel, but again the sentry was surrounded and this time killed. The Campbell men inside the house did for some time stand firing out of slits of the building, but an opening was made in the roof above them and so they were obliged to surrender. At these two posts the garrison lost two men killed, including one officer, and eight or ten wounded. In all a dozen militia outposts had been taken by the Jacobites, and 300 government troops were taken prisoner.

## Aftermath

All of the objectives had been taken including those of the regular soldiers who were closest to Blair Castle. All of the government schemes to reinforce the outposts came to nothing and the Jacobite general, Lord George Murray, was then able to lay siege to Blair Castle for two weeks. The Atholl raids proved Murray's contention that guerrilla warfare tactics were the best option, but left the Jacobite army spread out over the Scottish Highlands with few troops to prevent the Duke of Cumberland marching on Inverness. Colin Campbell of Glenure whose men were defeated at the raid on Bun Rannoch was later murdered in what is now known as the Appin Murder on 14 May 1752.

## Bagpipers

According to historian John Buchan, the Jacobites had as many as twenty bagpipers with them when they carried out the Atholl raids.
# Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah (22 January 1906 – 4 January 1991) was the twelfth Chief Justice of India from 17 December 1970 until his retirement on 21 January 1971. He was born in Ahmedabad.

## Early life and legal career

Shah attended schooling at R.C. School in Ahmedabad and subsequently studied at Elphinstone college in Bombay. He began practice as a lawyer at Ahmedabad in 1929. He was part of the legal team prosecuting Nathuram Godse and other defendants in the Gandhi assassination case. In 1949, he moved to the Bombay High Court where he was judge for 10 years. In October 1959, he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of India, and became Chief Justice of India in December 1970. Over the course of his Supreme Court tenure, Shah authored 728 judgments and sat on 2,094 benches.

## Indian Emergency (1975–77) and Shah Commission

On 28 May 1977, the home ministry appointed Justice J. C. Shah, who was then a retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India to head the Shah Commission. It was set up by the central government under the Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952 to probe excesses committed during the Emergency in India. The Shah commission was required to look "into excesses, malpractices and misdeeds committed during the Emergency by the political authorities, public servants, their friends, and in particular allegations of gross misuse of power of arrest or detention, use of force in the implementation of the family planning programme and indiscriminate and high-handed demolition of houses, shops, buildings etc. in the name of slum clearance."
The commission concluded that during the Emergency the provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act and the Defence of India Rules were not followed but were abused in order to damage political opponents. Concerning the circumstances in which the emergency was proclaimed, the commission found that there was no economic crisis and no crisis of law and order. The commission decided that the decision to impose Emergency was made by prime minister Indira Gandhi alone, without consulting her cabinet colleagues, and was not justified. The report was particularly scathing of Indira Gandhi, her son Sanjay Gandhi, Pranab Mukherjee, Bansi Lal, Kamal Nath and officers belonging to civil services who helped Sanjay Gandhi. The commission concluded that during the Emergency the provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act and the Defence of India Rules were not followed but were abused in order to damage political opponents.