OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sir John Stewart, 1st Baronet, of Athenree

Sir John Stewart, 1st Baronet (c.1758 – 22 June 1825) was an Irish lawyer and politician. He was a son of Church of Ireland clergyman, the Reverend Hugh Stewart, Rector of Termonmaguirk, County Tyrone and Sarah Hamilton, daughter of the Venerable Andrew Hamilton, who was Archdeacon of Raphoe for more than sixty years. He was educated in Drogheda and at Trinity College Dublin, studied law at Lincoln's Inn, and was called to the Irish Bar in 1781.
In 1794, he was elected to the Irish House of Commons for Augher. At the 1797 elections, he was elected for four constituencies: Askeaton, Bangor, Portarlington and Strabane. He chose to sit for Bangor, and held that seat until the dissolution of the Parliament of Ireland when the Act of Union came into effect in 1801. He was Solicitor-General for Ireland from 1798 to 1799 and Attorney-General for Ireland from 1799 to 1803. He was High Sheriff of County Tyrone in 1809.
After the Act of Union he was elected to the Parliament of the United Kingdom as Tory Member of Parliament (MP) for Tyrone from 1802 to 1806 and 1812 until his death in 1825.
Stewart married in 1789, Mary, daughter of Mervyn Archdale of Castle Archdale, near Enniskillen, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.
Driving a two-horse carriage while suffering from long-term sickness, he was badly injured when his horses bolted and died four days later in June 1825. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his elder son, Hugh.
# Georgina Downer

Georgina Mary Beatrice Downer (born 29 September 1979 in Brussels, Belgium) is an Australian political figure and Director of the Robert Menzies Institute. She has unsuccessfully contested several elections, and is a lawyer and former diplomat.

## Early life and education

Downer was born in Brussels in 1979 to Nicky and Alexander Downer. Her father, later leader of the opposition, was based in Belgium as a diplomat. Nicky had been a journalist for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). She is a member of the Downer political family, with several family members active in political life.
After graduating from Seymour College in 1997, Downer moved from Adelaide to study law at the University of Melbourne. In 2005, Downer won a Chevening Scholarship to study at the London School of Economics, where she graduated with a master's degree.

## Working life

Downer joined the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade as a graduate trainee in 2007, later spending four years in Japan. Working at the Australian Embassy, she reached the position of second secretary.

## Politics

In 2015, Downer was linked in the media to the Senate seat vacated by Michael Ronaldson; and as a possible replacement for Kevin Andrews in the seat of Menzies. In 2016, she was mooted as a possible replacement for Bruce Billson in the seat of Dunkley.
Downer contested the Liberal pre-selection for the seat of Goldstein in 2016, but was defeated by Tim Wilson.
She was the endorsed Liberal candidate for the seat of Mayo in the Australian House of Representatives in the 2018 by-election and in the 2019 general election, but both times was unsuccessful. Her promotion of the funding of a sports grant while a candidate, instead of the current member for the seat, Rebekha Sharkie, was a key initiating factor in the public coverage of the sports rorts affair of 2020. Downer returned to Melbourne shortly after her 2019 defeat.

## Personal life

Downer married Will Heath, a lawyer with King & Wood Mallesons, in 2009. The couple had met at university in 2000. They have two children.

## Electoral history
### Federal

| Election year | Electorate | Party | Party | Votes | FP% | FP% | 2PP% | 2PP% | Result |
| 2018 | Mayo | | Liberal | 33,219 | 37.44% | 0.32 | 42.47% | 2.56 | Second |
| 2019 | Mayo | | Liberal | 42,426 | 37.65% | 1.03 | 44.86% | 2.22 | Second |
# Gerald Alexander (baseball)

Gerald Paul Alexander (born March 26, 1968) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played for the Texas Rangers from 1990 to 1992.
# Sir Arthur Forbes, 4th Baronet

Sir Arthur Forbes, 4th Baronet (1709–1773), of Craigievar, Aberdeen, was a Scottish Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1732 to 1747.
Forbes was the sixth, but eldest surviving son of Sir William Forbes, 3rd Baronet of Craigievar, and his wife Margaret Rose, daughter of Hugh Rose of Kilravock, Nairn. He succeeded his father in May 1722 at the age of 12 to an estate burdened with debts. He was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen from about 1723 to 1727. He married Christian Ross, eldest daughter of John Ross of Arnage, Aberdeen, provost of Aberdeen in 1729. She died on 6 October 1733.
Forbes was returned unopposed as Member of Parliament for Aberdeenshire at a by-election on 13 July 1732 after Sir Archibald Grant, Bt was expelled from the house. He became a government supporter. At the 1734 general election, he was re-elected for Aberdeenshire in a contest. He became a close friend of the Duke of Argyll. In January 1738, he was a supporter of the Administration when he obtained a commission for his brother through the secretary at war, but when the Duke of Argyll changed sides, he followed, voting against the Government on the Spanish convention in 1739 and the place bill of 1740. He was returned unopposed at the 1741 general election and voted against Walpole’s candidate for the chairman of the elections committee in December. He was known as a member of the Duke of Argyll’s gang and voted against the Hanoverians in 1742 and 1744. At the 1747 general election, he retired from Parliament in favour of Andrew Mitchell who was a relation of his.
Forbes made a second marriage on 2 October 1749, to Margaret Burnett, widow of John Burnett of Elrick, Aberdeen, and daughter of Strachan, of Balgall. He was Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen from 1761 to 1764. He died on 1 January 1773 with two daughters from his first wife, and four daughters and five sons by his second wife. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son William.
# Risso, Uruguay

Risso is a village or populated centre in the Soriano Department of western Uruguay.

## Geography

The village is located 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) off Route 3, at about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northwest of José Enrique Rodó and 29 kilometres (18 mi) southeast of Palmitas.

## History

On 13 May 1971, the status of the populated centre here was elevated to "Pueblo" (village) by the Act of Ley Nº 13.959.

## Population

In 2011 Risso had a population of 557.
| Year | Population |
| 1963 | 429 |
| 1975 | 515 |
| 1985 | 431 |
| 1996 | 509 |
| 2004 | 666 |
| 2011 | 557 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay
# Rissoa aartseni

Rissoa aartseni is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Rissoidae.
# Jeffrey A. Rockwell

Jeffrey Alan Rockwell is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force. He served as the United States Air Force Judge Advocate General from May 2018 to May 2022.

## Effective dates of promotions

| Rank | Date |
| First Lieutenant | June 29, 1987 |
| Captain | December 29, 1987 |
| Major | April 1, 1995 |
| Lieutenant Colonel | August 1, 2000 |
| Colonel | April 1, 2005 |
| Major General | May 22, 2014 |
| Lieutenant General | May 18, 2018 |

## Awards and decorations

* Judge Advocate Badge
* Headquarters Air Force Badge
* Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
* Legion of Merit with one bronze oak leaf cluster
* Defense Meritorious Service Medal
* Meritorious Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters
* Air Force Commendation Medal with oak leaf cluster
* Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with oak leaf cluster
* Air Force Organizational Excellence Award with oak leaf cluster
* National Defense Service Medal with one bronze service star
* Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
* Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal
* Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon
* Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon with oak leaf cluster
* Air Force Longevity Service Award with one silver and two bronze oak leaf clusters
* Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
* Air Force Training Ribbon
# Jeffrey A. Segal

Jeffrey Allan Segal (born October 3, 1956) is an American political scientist who serves as a SUNY Distinguished Professor at Stony Brook University, where he was formerly the chair of the Political Science Department. He received a Guggenheim Fellowship in political science in 2011 and was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2012. He formerly served as a Visiting Professor of American Politics at Harvard University, as a Visiting Senior Research Scholar at the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at Princeton University, and as president of the Midwest Political Science Association.
# Robert Carpick

Robert William Carpick is a Canadian mechanical engineer. He is currently director of diversity, equity, and inclusion and John Henry Towne Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics at the University of Pennsylvania. He is best known for his work in tribology, particularly nanotribology.

## Education

Carpick received his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Toronto in 1991, and his master's degree and Doctor of Philosophy in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1997. His thesis was entitled "The Study of Contact, Adhesion and Friction at the Atomic Scale by Atomic Force Microscopy". His PhD supervisor was Miquel Salmeron, who pioneered the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in tribology. During his PhD, Carpick devised a method to obtain reproducible and quantitative friction measurements using AFM.

## Research career

After his PhD, he spent two years as a postdoctoral appointee at Sandia National Laboratory in the Surface and Interface Science Department, and then the Biomolecular Materials and Interfaces Department, where he worked under the supervision of Dr Alan R. Burns. In 2000, he joined the faculty at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the Engineering Physics Department. Carpick moved to the University of Pennsylvania in January 2007.
He has made a number of important discoveries in the field of nanotribology using AFM. These include that the friction of lamellar 2D-materials (e.g. graphene, molybdenum disulfide, niobium diselenide, and hexagonal boron nitride) increases as the number of layers decreases. He has shown that frictional ageing of the contacts between rock surfaces arises from the formation of interfacial chemical bonds. He found that the wear of AFM tips cannot be adequately described by macroscale models and instead is driven by nanoscale mechanochemical processes. His group has also given important insights into the mechochemical tribofilm formation of the lubricant antiwear additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). According to Google Scholar, as of 2021, his work had been cited on over 16,000 occasions.

## Honours and awards

Carpick was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2012, a Fellow of the American Vacuum Society in 2014, a Fellow of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers in 2016, a Fellow of the Materials Research Society in 2017, and a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 2019. He received a National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 2001, and was named Outstanding New Mechanics Educator by the American Society for Engineering Education in 2003. In 2009, he was awarded the ASME Burt L. Newkirk Award.

## Personal life

Carpick has been married to his partner since 2003. He is also a fan and practitioner of curling and the organ.
# Aurora (heraldry)

Aurora is used as a charge in heraldry. The use of the aurora is often connected with a northern geographic position. The aurora is often made in silver or gold and is a band of floating bends.
The aurora is often called polar light or northern light. It is used in many arms in Russian Murmansk Oblast.

## Examples

* As chief, bendwise stylized (Ostrovnoy, Russia)
* As wreath of rays at base of the shield (Utsjoki, Finland)
* As a wreath of rays in chief (Kuusamo, Finland)
* naturalistic (Tumanny, Russia)
# Blessing Ufodiama

Blessing Ufodiama (born 28 November 1981) is an American former triple jumper. She is a three-time United States Olympic trials qualifier, with a best national finish of 2nd at the 2013 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships.

## Biography

Ufodiama attended Long Beach Polytechnic High School, where she won the national indoor HS triple jump championship. She competed collegiately for the Washington State Cougars track and field team.
After graduating Washington State in 2004, Ufodiama took a 3-year break from competing but returned after the birth of her son Emmanuel in 2007 to compete professionally. She went on to register top-10 finishes at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships or USA Indoor Track and Field Championships for seven consecutive years, with a best finish of 2nd at the 2013 indoor championships.
Ufodiama qualified for the 2008, 2012, and 2016 United States Olympic trials, but did not jump far enough to make an Olympic team.
Ufodiama jumped her personal best of 14.06 metres at the 2011 Prefontaine Classic, scoring two points in the 2011 Diamond League season.
In 2016, Ufodiama joined the track and field coaching staff at Mira Costa High School.

## Statistics
### Personal bests

| Event | Mark | Competition | Venue | Date |
| Triple jump | 14.06 m (+1.0 m/s) | Prefontaine Classic | Eugene, Oregon | 4 June 2011 |
| Long jump | 5.96 m (+1.0 m/s) | UC Irvine Spring Break Invite | Irvine, California | 19 March 2011 |
# Sarah Young

Sarah Young may refer to:
* Sarah Young (field hockey) (born 1981), Australian field hockey player
* Sarah Young (DJ) (born 1989), British DJ
* Sarah Young (immunologist), New Zealand immunology academic
* Sarah Palmer Young (1830–1908), regimental nurse during the American Civil War
* Sarah Hanson-Young (born 1981), Australian politician
* Sarah Jane Young (1866–1955), Australian political reformer
* Sarah Young (sailor) (died 2015), died in the 2015–16 Clipper Round the World Yacht Race
* Sarah Young (author), Presbyterian writer, author of Jesus Calling
* Sarah Young, former member of experimental indie rock band Cloud Cult
# Skew heap

A skew heap (or self-adjusting heap) is a heap data structure implemented as a binary tree. Skew heaps are advantageous because of their ability to merge more quickly than binary heaps. In contrast with binary heaps, there are no structural constraints, so there is no guarantee that the height of the tree is logarithmic. Only two conditions must be satisfied:
* The general heap order must be enforced
* Every operation (add, remove_min, merge) on two skew heaps must be done using a special skew heap merge.
A skew heap is a self-adjusting form of a leftist heap which attempts to maintain balance by unconditionally swapping all nodes in the merge path when merging two heaps. (The merge operation is also used when adding and removing values.) With no structural constraints, it may seem that a skew heap would be horribly inefficient. However, amortized complexity analysis can be used to demonstrate that all operations on a skew heap can be done in O(log n). In fact, with φ=(1+√5)/2 {\textstyle \varphi ={\frac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}} denoting the golden ratio, the exact amortized complexity is known to be log$_φ$ n (approximately 1.44 log$_2$ n).

## Definition

Skew heaps may be described with the following recursive definition:
* A heap with only one element is a skew heap.
* The result of skew merging two skew heaps $sh_{1}$ and $sh_{2}$ is also a skew heap.

## Operations
### Merging two heaps

When two skew heaps are to be merged, we can use a similar process as the merge of two leftist heaps:
* Compare roots of two heaps; let p be the heap with the smaller root, and q be the other heap. Let r be the name of the resulting new heap.
* Let the root of r be the root of p (the smaller root), and let r's right subtree be p's left subtree.
* Now, compute r's left subtree by recursively merging p's right subtree with q.
Before:
after

### Non-recursive merging

Alternatively, there is a non-recursive approach which is more wordy, and does require some sorting at the outset.
* Split each heap into subtrees by cutting every path. (From the root node, sever the right node and make the right child its own subtree.) This will result in a set of trees in which the root either only has a left child or no children at all.
* Sort the subtrees in ascending order based on the value of the root node of each subtree.
* While there are still multiple subtrees, iteratively recombine the last two (from right to left).
** If the root of the second-to-last subtree has a left child, swap it to be the right child.
** Link the root of the last subtree as the left child of the second-to-last subtree.

### Adding values

Adding a value to a skew heap is like merging a tree with one node together with the original tree.

### Removing values

Removing the first value in a heap can be accomplished by removing the root and merging its child subtrees.

### Implementation

In many functional languages, skew heaps become extremely simple to implement. Here is a complete sample implementation in Haskell.
# Sinezona laqueus

Sinezona laqueus is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Scissurellidae, the little slit shells.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off New Zealand.
# Sickert

Sickert may refer to:
* Oswald Sickert (1828–1885), Danish-German artist, father of Walter Sickert
* Walter Sickert (1860–1942), German-English artist
* Sickert, Haut-Rhin, commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France
# Woodfield Channel

Woodfield Channel (67°49′S 68°44′W﻿ / ﻿67.817°S 68.733°W﻿ / -67.817; -68.733) is a deep water channel between the Dion Islands and Henkes and Rocca Islands, off the south end of Adelaide Island. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1963 for Thomas Woodfield, First Officer of RRS Hydrographic Survey Unit in the survey of this area in 1963.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Woodfield Channel". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Adelaide Island location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Simão Pereira

Simão Pereira is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.
# Aurora (electronic music group)

Aurora, also known as Aurora UK, are a British electronic dance music group, consisting of keyboardist/guitarist Sacha Collisson (born 14 November 1970) and fellow keyboardist Simon Greenaway (born 4 July 1969). Five of their singles charted on the UK Singles Chart; their biggest hit is their cover of Duran Duran's "Ordinary World" at No. 5.
Their first and only self-titled album was released in 2002 by EMI Records.

## Discography
### Albums

* Aurora (2002) (US release renamed Dreaming, credited to "Aurora UK", and contains two additional tracks, "Dreaming (LTI radio edit)" and "Ordinary World (radio mix)")

### Singles

* "Hear You Calling" (1999) - UK No. 71
* "Hear You Calling" (re-issue) (2000) - UK No. 17
* "Ordinary World" (2000) - UK No. 5 (originally by Duran Duran)
* "Dreaming" (2002) - UK No. 24
* "The Day It Rained Forever" (2002) - UK No. 29
* "If You Could Read My Mind" (2002) (originally by Gordon Lightfoot)
* "Sleeping Satellite" (2003) – AUS No. 60 (originally by Tasmin Archer)
* "Real Life" (2005)
* "Summer Son" (2006) - UK No. 82 (originally by Texas)
* "Love Resurrection" (2009) (originally by Alison Moyet)
# Saint Lappan

Saint Lappan was an early Irish saint. The 17th century Martyrology of Donegal lists three saints named Lappan whose feast days are 26 March, 11 February and 3 November. These include:
* Lappan of County Cork, to whom a Church of Ireland church in Cork, St Lappan's Church, Little Island, is dedicated. His feast day is 26 March.
* Lappan of County Carlow, who is associated with an 8th century monastery outside Bagenalstown in the townland of Donore. He is the patron saint of Bagenalstown and his feast day is 3 November.
# The Never-Never Country

"The Never-Never Country" (1901) is a poem by Australian poet Henry Lawson. It is also known by the title "The Never-Never Land".
It was originally published in the writer's collection Joe Wilson and His Mates and subsequently reprinted in several of the author's other collections and a number of Australian poetry anthologies.

## Critical reception

Reviewing Joe Wilson and His Mates in The Sydney Morning Herald a writer noted "It has been said that Mr Lawson's knowledge of the Australian bush was at the best but second-hand, but this criticism has not been made or endorsed by bushmen in a literary sense, he "owed" them. His buses ran like wildfire from shearer's hut to shearer's hut They expressed to a certain extent and within certain limitations the feelings, hopes, and thoughts of the average bushmen. If they were not literature they were at least human document Sometimes they were both."
Binod Mishra, in examining Henry Lawson's poetry for The Atlantic Literary Review stated that "The poem...is a remarkable example of his patriotic feeling which grows jingoistic at times. The poet's home rests in his coveted country which has a long history of struggle. The chequered history of Australia comprises the indigenous people facing the threat to their existence by none other than the aliens who in the name of enriching the land depleted it by means fair or foul. One can find the poet admonishing the English people who made the real natives suffer."

## Publication history

After the poem's initial publication in Joe Wilson and His Mates it was reprinted as follows:
* When I Was King and Other Verses by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1905
* Selected Poems of Henry Lawson by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1918
* Favourite Australian Poems edited by Ian Mudie, Rigby, 1963
* A Fantasy of Man : Henry Lawson Complete Works 1901-1922 edited by Leonard Cronin, Lansdowne, 1984
* The Illustrated Treasury of Australian Verse edited by Beatrice Davis, Nelson, 1984
* Classic Australian Verse edited by Maggie Pinkney, Five Mile Press, 2001
# Alice Gruner

Alice Gruner (1846–1929) was a lecturer, social worker, and a principal founder of the Women's University Settlement, Southwark (today Blackfriars Settlement).

## Life and work

Alice Gruner was born in Estonia in 1846, moving to England with her sister, Joan, at the age of 18. She became a naturalised British subject in 1896.
Between 1883-1886 she was a student at Newnham College, Cambridge. Gruner tutored Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones for the Girton College entrance exams, on the recommendation of Emily Davies. Joan Gruner, Alice's sister, had been a student at Girton 1874-1877, as well as at Trinity College, Dublin, and was a school principal.
In 1887, Gruner was among the founders of the Women's University Settlement, Southwark. Alongside Gruner and other Cambridge University graduates, the original committee included educationist Helen Gladstone and social reformer Octavia Hill. Following the example of the growing University Settlement movement, their aim was to "promote the welfare of the poorer districts of London, more especially of the women and children, by devising and advancing schemes which tend to elevate them, and by giving them additional opportunities in education and recreation".
For twenty years, Gruner was also Secretary to the Association of University Women Teachers, founded to protect the interests and improve the position of women teachers at the university level. Here, her 'experience and untiring devotion to the work made her a most valuable adviser both to those who offered and those who were seeking educational posts.' Her obituary in The Times noted that in this role 'she helped to raise the status of women teachers, and the standard of education in schools'. Gruner also worked for the cause of women's suffrage.
Alice Gruner died on 29 December 1929.