OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# C. Hamilton Sanford

Charles Hamilton Sanford (May 28, 1873 - February 16, 1942) was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and was president of the Syracuse Trust Company and co-founder of Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company in Syracuse, New York.
| Syracuse Trust Company - interior - 1913 | Syracuse Trust Company - Doric columns at 344 South Warren Street in Syracuse - 1913 |
# Meena Dhanda

Dr. Meena Dhanda is an Indian philosopher and writer, based in the United Kingdom. She is a Professor of Philosophy and Cultural Politics at the University of Wolverhampton, and is internationally recognised as a leading academic in the development of diaspora dalit studies. She conducts philosophy with a 'practical intent', and her work has confirmed existence of caste discrimination in Britain in areas covered by the Equality Act 2010, and pushed for more legal protections against caste-based discrimination.

## Biography

Meena Dhanda arrived in the UK from Punjab, India in 1987 with an award of the Commonwealth Scholarship for her doctoral work in Philosophy at Balliol College, Oxford University. She was a Rhodes Junior Research Fellow at St Hilda's College, Oxford, before taking up a full-time lecturing position at the University of Wolverhampton in 1992, progressing to a Readership (Associate Professorship) in 2010. She was promoted Professor on September 17, 2018.
Dhanda has written about problems of racism within the field of philosophy, calling for more diversity within the field, and has spoken of the importance for her of doing "socially engaged philosophy."
She has been an active member of the UK branch of the Society for Women in Philosophy for more than 25 years, and as of 2017, sits on the society's Funding Committee.

## Main works

From September 2013 to February 2014 Dhanda led a project on 'Caste in Britain' for the UK Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), through which she produced two research reports – "Caste in Britain: Socio-legal Review", and "Caste in Britain: Experts' Seminar and Stakeholders' Workshop."
She has published numerous transdisciplinary papers on topics of caste and race, including 'Punjabi Dalit Youth: Social Dynamics of Transitions in Identity', (Contemporary South Asia, 2009); 'Runaway Marriages: A Silent Revolution?', (Economic and Political Weekly, 2012); 'Certain Allegiances, Uncertain Identities: The Fraught Struggles of Dalits in Britain' (Tracing the New Indian Diaspora, 2014); 'Do only South Asians reclaim honour'? ('Honour' and Women's Rights, 2014); 'Anti-Castism and Misplaced Nativism' (Radical Philosophy, 2015).
She has published two books: a monograph, The Negotiation of Personal Identity (Saarbrüken: VDM Verlag, 2008) and Reservations for Women (New Delhi: Women Unlimited, 2008).

## Awards and honours

She was awarded a Leverhulme Research Fellowship for a primary research project 'Caste Aside: Dalit Punjabi Identity and Experience' concluded in 2012.
# Bù Đốp district

Bù Đốp is a rural district in Bình Phước province of the Southeast region of Vietnam, approximately 90 km north of Ho Chi Minh City, near the border with Cambodia. As of 2003 the district had a population of 51,597. The district covers an area of 378 km². The district capital lies at Thanh Bình.
# William Tweedie

William Tweedie CSI (1836–1914) was a soldier, diplomat and author, who served in India, Abyssinia and Turkish Arabia. The son of Reverend and author William King Tweedie, he is also known as the author of a book on the Arabian Horse.

## Early life

He was born in Scotland on 31 October 1836, the eldest of five children of William King Tweedie and Margaret Tweedie (née Bell). Tweedie's younger brother, John, served in the Indian Civil Service, progressing to Postmaster General of Bengal.
After graduating from St Andrews College, Edinburgh as a Doctor of Divinity, Tweedie joined the army of the East India Company at the age of 21.

## Military and diplomatic service

After enlisting as a Cadet, Tweedie was promoted to Ensign shortly after arrival in India. The Indian Mutiny had begun soon after Tweedie's arrival, and he soon saw action, being severely wounded in the shoulder in the action at Benares on 4 June 1858. Upon recovery, Tweedie volunteered for service with the 78th Highlanders, taking part in the action at Bithur and the First relief of Lucknow.
Gazetted Lieutenant in April 1858, Tweedie would then serve with Beatson's Horse before being appointed Adjutant of the 3rd Cavalry at Hyderabad which led to further promotions, being appointed 2nd Assistant Resident of Hyderabad and 1st Assistant General Superintendent of Thagi and Darcy in 1863 and magistrate and judge at Secunderabad in 1866.
In November 1867 Tweedie was named as Political Secretary to Lt. Gen Sir Robert Napier, who was leading the Abyssinia Expedition, serving throughout the campaign and twice being mentioned in dispatches.
After resuming his career in India as 2nd Assistant Commissioner Hyderabad, Tweedie was promoted to 1st Assistant Commissioner, before returning to Britain in 1876, and marrying Emily Whitmore in 1877. Tweedie was then named as Resident at Mandalay, with this promotion later cancelled before he could take up the position. At the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, Tweedie was appointed as Political Staff Officer to Major-General Robert Bright, before being appointed as Political Agent 1st Class Eastern States (Rajputana). Tweedie was then appointed as Resident of Turkish Arabia in Baghdad in 1881, a role which involved inspecting all aspects of local life, including the trade in Arabian horses which he was especially interested in. He was named as a Companion of the Order of the Star of India in March 1885.

## Writing

Tweedie had his treatise on Arabian horses, 'The Arabian Horse, His Country and His People', published in 1894 by William Blackwood & Sons.

## Later life, death and funeral

After retiring to Scotland, Tweedie purchased property in Dunscore, where he built a Manor House costing £23,000. He died in 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I having left detailed instructions for his funeral. With no heirs and his wife Emily having died in 1912, his estate was left to Edinburgh University.
# C. Warren Hollister

Charles Warren Hollister (November 2, 1930 – September 14, 1997) was an American author and historian. He was one of the founding members of the University of California Santa Barbara history department. He specialized in English medieval history, especially studies that emphasized the interrelationship of England within the Anglo-Norman realm and the development of administrative kingship. His colleague Jeffrey Burton Russell called Hollister "one of the best medieval generalists in the world."

## Biography

Hollister was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Nathan and Carrie (Cushman) Hollister. He graduated with honors from Harvard University in 1951, served in the United States Air Force during the Korean War, and received his Ph.D. from UCLA in 1958.
Hollister spent his academic career at the University of California, Santa Barbara, officially retiring in 1994. During his tenure the History Department at the University of California, Santa Barbara, expanded massively, with the hire of scholars such as Frank J. Frost, Joachim Remak, Leonard Marsak, and Alfred Gollin. He was elected as a fellow of the Medieval Academy of America in 1981 and was also a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Medieval Academy of Ireland. In May 1982, Hollister and his graduate students founded the Charles Homer Haskins Society, dedicated to the study of Viking, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman, and early Angevin history.
Hollister's research centered on the career of Henry I of England. However, his biography of that monarch was delayed by the loss of the manuscript, note cards and research library in the Santa Barbara wildfire of 1990. Hollister's Henry I biography was incomplete at the time of his death, but his doctoral student, Amanda Clark Frost, finished and published it with the Yale University Press in 2001.

## Publications

* "King John and the Historians", Journal of British Studies 1#1 (1961), pp. 1–19 online
* Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions on the Eve of the Norman Conquest, 1962 (Triennial Book Prize of the Conference on British Studies)
* Medieval Europe: A Short History, 1964
* The Military Organization of Norman England, 1965
* A History of England, Volume I: The Making of England, 55 B.C.–1399, 1966
* Roots of the Western Tradition: A Short History of the Ancient World, 1966
* (With John L. Stipp and Alan Dirrum) The Rise and Development of Western Civilization, 1967
* (Editor) The Impact of the Norman Conquest, 1969
* (With Judith Pike) The Moons of Meer (juvenile fantasy), 1969
* Odysseus to Columbus: A Synopsis of Classical and Medieval History, 1974
* Monarchy, Magnates and Institutions in the Anglo-Norman World, 1986
* (With J. Sears McGee and Gale Stokes) The West Transformed: A History of Western Civilization, 2000
* Henry I (edited and completed by Amanda Clark Frost), 2001
# Willmering

Wilmering is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.
# Willmars

Willmars is a municipality in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany.
# Willmenrod

Willmenrod is an Ortsgemeinde – a community belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

## Geography
### Location

Willmenrod lies in the valley of the Elbach between the 475-m-high Watzenhahn and the Stromberg in the middle of the Westerwald.

### Geology

The landscape is characterized by basalt and clay deposits. Until after the war, basalt was still being quarried in Willmenrod and broken up into chips and crushed stone in the community. One hundred and twenty hectares of the municipal area is wooded.

### Neighbouring communities

Willmenrod borders in the north on Sainscheid and Westerburg, in the east on Wengenroth and Berzhahn, in the south on Girkenroth and Dorndorf and in the west on Weltersburg and Guckheim.

### Climate

Despite the claim to the contrary in the folksong Oh du schöner Westerwald, the wind does not whistle quite so cold. Rather, a moderate climate holds sway here. In winter, the snow is limited, in summer, it is only seldom unbearably hot and when there is stormy weather, the two mountain ridges keep the wind off the community's location.

## History

In 1212, Willmenrod had its first documentary mention as Wernbolderode. Since 1712 it has borne its current name.
In 1805, almost the whole village was burnt down in a great fire. Owing to the thatched roofs and tight rows of houses that prevailed then, such a catastrophe was very nearly inevitable.
Owing to the community's location on the Elbbach, which afforded a great deal of waterpower, it was possible to run five mills here.

### Religion

Willmenrod is overwhelmingly Evangelical.

### Population development

For a few years, the population figure has been swinging between 650 and 700.

## Politics
### Community council

The council is made up of 13 council members, including the extraofficial mayor (Bürgermeister), who were elected in a majority vote in a municipal election on 13 June 2004.

### Coat of arms

The waterwheel in community's arms stands for the five mills which were formerly of great importance. The lozenges stand for the lesser noble house of Willmenrod. The blue wavy fess stands for the Elbbach's special importance. The various tinctures stand for the community's changing overlords.

## Culture and sightseeing
### Clubs

Willmenrod has a fire brigade, a sport club, a fruit-growing and gardening club and a mixed choir.

## Notable people

* Television cook Clemens Wilmenrod, who took his stage name from the community's name, and is buried in the graveyard here
# Megachile facetula

Megachile facetula is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1918.
# Megachile phaola

Megachile phaola is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Cameron in 1907.
# Meenakshi TV

Meenakshi TV is a Tamil 24/7 television channel, owned by Meenakshi Networks Pvt ltd Chennai. The channel is a free-to-air and was launched in 2015. The channel is available across all major cable and SCV setup box sd Chennal 260 as well as online.
# Meiri

Meiri is a Jewish surname and Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Rabbi Menachem Meiri (1249–1315), a famous Catalan rabbi, Talmudist, Maimondean
* Yehudit Kafri (Meiri) (born 1935), a 20th-century Israeli poet, writer
* Yoav Meiri (born 1975), an Israeli butterfly swimmer
* Goldfarb, Levy, Eran, Meiri & Co. (aka "Goldfarb"), the second-largest Israeli law firm
# Megacraspedus arnaldi

Megacraspedus arnaldi is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Libya.
# Bình Tân district, Vĩnh Long province

Bình Tân is a rural district (huyện) of Vĩnh Long province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.
10°07′08″N 105°45′22″E﻿ / ﻿10.1190°N 105.7560°E﻿ / 10.1190; 105.7560
* This article about a location in Vĩnh Long Province, Vietnam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Bình Xuyên district

Bình Xuyên is a rural district of Vĩnh Phúc province, in the Red River Delta region of northern Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 104,526. The district covers an area of 145 km². The district capital lies at Hương Canh.
# Melaleuca ctenoides

Melaleuca ctenoides is a shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was first described in 1990 in a review of the genus Melaleuca when the species M. laxiflora at that time was found to comprise ten species. Two of those species were new - M. camptoclada and M. ctenoides. It similar to Melaleuca laxiflora but distinguished from it by its comb-like leaves and attractive mauve or violet flowers in spring.

## Description

Melaleuca ctenoides is a spreading shrub growing to a height of about 3 m (10 ft). Its leaves and branches are glabrous or almost so. The leaves are 10–35 mm (0.4–1 in) long and 0.9–1.5 mm (0.04–0.06 in), wide linear in shape and almost circular in cross-section.
Mauve flowers occur in spikes on side branches which continue to grow after flowering. Each spike has up to 20 individual flowers and is about 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and 25 mm (1 in) in diameter. The petals are pale pink, 3–3.5 mm (0.1–0.1 in) long but fall off soon after the flower opens. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower with 14 to 18 stamens in each bundle. Flowering occurs mainly from October to November and the fruit that follow are woody capsules, 3.5–5.0 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca ctenoides was first formally described in 1990 by F.C.Quinn from a specimen found 6.5 kilometres (4 mi) by road north of Wongan Hills. The specific epithet (ctenoides) is from the Greek ctenos meaning "comb" and -oides, "resembling", referring to the appearance of new growth with young leaves projecting like the teeth of a comb.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs between the Maya, Narembeen and Hyden districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clay soils on hillsides and granite outcrops.

## Conservation status

Melaleuca ctenoides is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# Melaleuca condylosa

Melaleuca condylosa is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is similar to Melaleuca brophyi except that its fruiting clusters are often knobbly and the flower heads and leaves are slightly larger.

## Description

Melaleuca condylosa is a shrub growing to a height of about 3 m (10 ft) with papery bark. Its leaves are alternately arranged, 9.5–32 mm (0.4–1 in) long and 1.3–2.1 mm (0.05–0.08 in) wide, more or less linear in shape, almost circular in cross-section and have a pointed, although not sharp end.
The flowers are in heads at the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering. Each head is composed of 6 to 11 groups of flowers with three flowers in each group. The petals are 1.2–2.0 mm (0.05–0.08 in) long and fall off as the flower opens. There are five bundles of stamens around the flower, each with 5 to 7 pale yellow stamens giving the flower its colour. Flowering occurs mainly in October and November and is followed by almost spherical, knobbly clusters of woody capsules, each 2.0–2.5 mm (0.08–0.1 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca condylosa was first formally described in 1999 by Lyndley Craven from a specimen found "40.5 kilometres (30 mi) east along Bendering Reserve Road from the Bendering wheat bin". The specific epithet (condylosa) is from the Greek kondylos meaning "knob" or "prominence", referring to the knobbly fruit.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs in the Narembeen, Kondinin and Hyden districts in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in melaleuca-mallee shrubland in sandy loam on undulating sandplains and slopes.

## Conservation status

Melaleuca condylosa is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
# 2023 Jasmin Open

The 2023 Jasmin Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the second edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 tournaments on the 2023 WTA Tour. The event took place at the Magic Hotel Skanes in Monastir, Tunisia, from 16 through 22 October 2023.

## Champions
### Singles

* Elise Mertens def. Jasmine Paolini 6–3, 6–0

### Doubles

* Sara Errani / Jasmine Paolini def. Mai Hontama / Natalija Stevanović, 2–6, 7–6$^{(7–4)}$, [10–6]

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ITA | Jasmine Paolini | 31 | 1 |
| BEL | Elise Mertens | 41 | 2 |
| ITA | Martina Trevisan | 42 | 3 |
| UKR | Lesia Tsurenko | 43 | 4 |
| SVK | Anna Karolína Schmiedlová | 59 | 5 |
| ITA | Lucia Bronzetti | 63 | 6 |
| POL | Magdalena Fręch | 70 | 7 |
| FRA | Clara Burel | 73 | 8 |
* Rankings are as of 9 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Erika Andreeva
* Katarzyna Kawa
* Petra Marčinko
The following player received entry using a protected ranking:
* Kristína Kučová
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Alexandra Eala
* Chloé Paquet
* Camilla Rosatello
* Katarina Zavatska

### Withdrawals

* Tatjana Maria → replaced by Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro
* Tereza Martincová → replaced by Nuria Párrizas Díaz
* Arantxa Rus → replaced by Darja Semeņistaja
* Peyton Stearns → replaced by Laura Pigossi

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^†$ | Seed |
| KAZ | Anna Danilina | | Alexandra Panova | 93 | 1 |
| ESP | Cristina Bucșa | NED | Bibiane Schoofs | 151 | 2 |
| POL | Weronika Falkowska | CZE | Anna Sisková | 168 | 3 |
| ITA | Angelica Moratelli | ITA | Camilla Rosatello | 183 | 4 |
* $^1$ Rankings as of 9 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* Chiraz Bechri / Feryel Ben Hassen
* Hiba Heni / Ranim Rassil
# Mycobacterium goodii

Mycobacterium goodii is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinomycetota and the genus Mycobacterium.

## Description

M. goodii cells are Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast rods.

### Colony characteristics

Colonies of M. goodii are smooth to mucoid, off-white to cream coloured. in After 10–14 days incubation, 78% of all strains produce a yellow or orange pigment.

### Physiology

Strains of M. goodii show rapid growth on Middlebrook 7H10 and trypticase soy agar at 30 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C within 2–4 days. They are susceptible to the antibiotics amikacin, ethambutol, and sulfamethoxazole but show intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and tobramycin and variable susceptibility to cefmetazole, cefoxitin and clarithromycin. They are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin.

## Pathogenesis

M. goodii is found in many of the same settings as M. smegmatis and members of the M. fortuitum complex. It can cause post-traumatic wound infections especially those following open fractures and with associated osteomyelitis and chronic lipoid pneumonia.

## Type strain

The type strain of M. goodii (Strain MO69 = ATCC 700504 = CIP 106349 = DSM 44492 = JCM 12689) was first isolated from a patient with a post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the heel in the United States.
Mycobacterium goodii was previously known as Mycobacterium smegmatis group 2.
# Soil enzyme

Soil enzymes are a group of enzymes found in soil. They are excreted by soil microbes such as fungi, bacteria and archaea, and play a key role in decomposing soil organic matter into humus, in the process releasing nutrients essential for the growth of plants. Some soil enzymes such as ureases may be inhibited by ingredients in fertiliser to delay release of the nutrients over an extended period.
# Alfons Almi

Alfons Almi (né Alm, until 1935; 20 August 1904 — 22 February 1991) was a Finnish opera singer and administrator. He has been described as the 'father of Finnish opera'.

## Career

Almi sang the principal tenor at the Opera of Finland (later to become the Finnish National Opera) from 1934 to 1952.
He later moved into management, first as the Finance Manager from 1952, then progressing to general management, and eventually reaching the post of Director General from 1966 to 1971. He also sat on the company's supervisory council and board of directors from 1940 to 1971.
One of his main achievements was the establishment of the National Opera's own in-house orchestra. He also worked tirelessly towards the development of the National Opera's new, purpose-built premises.
The second stage of the new opera house is named after him.
Outside of the National Opera, Almi served in administrative and leadership positions at numerous cultural and public organisations.

## Awards and honours

In 1966, the honorary title of Professori was conferred on Laine by President Urho Kekkonen.
In 1983, Almi was awarded the annual Eskon Puumerkki prize by the Aleksis Kiven Seura [fi].

## Personal life

Alfons Alm was born to a working-class family in Helsinki. Both his parents had died by the time he was 10, leaving Alm to look after his siblings.
Almi studied agriculture and dairy production, and initially worked in management roles in the dairy industry, before following his true vocation and retraining as a singer.
Almi served as a junior officer in the Continuation War meritoriously, and was decorated with multiple medals.
He was married twice, first to Aini née Lehtinen from 1931 to 1951, and then to the ballet dancer and Artistic Director of the Finnish National Ballet, Doris Laine, from 1952 until his death. He had one child from each of his marriages. His daughter, Heidi, from his second marriage, works in a management role at the National Opera and Ballet, following in her parents' footsteps.