OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Postmaster General

A Postmaster General, in Anglosphere countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, a ministerial office responsible for overseeing all other postmasters.

## History

The practice of having a government official responsible for overseeing the delivery of mail throughout the nation originated in England. A 'Master of the Posts' is mentioned in the King's Book of Payments, with a payment of £100 being authorised for Sir Brian Tuke as 'Master of the King's Post' in February 1512. In 1517, he was appointed to the office of 'Governor of the King's Posts', a precursor to the office of Postmaster General of the United Kingdom, by Henry VIII. In 1609, it was decreed that letters could only be carried and delivered by persons authorised by the Postmaster General.
In the United Kingdom, the office of Postmaster General was abolished in 1969. It was replaced by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. In 2000, its functions were transferred to the Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).

## International

International equivalents include:
| Jurisdiction | Official title | Years |
| Scotland | Postmaster General for Scotland | 1616–1707 |
| United States | United States Postmaster General | 1775–present |
| Ireland | Postmaster-General of Ireland | 1784–1831 |
| Sri Lanka | Postmaster General of Sri Lanka | 1815–present |
| New Zealand | Postmaster-General of New Zealand | 1858–1989 |
| Hong Kong | Postmaster General of Hong Kong | 1860–present |
| Canada | Postmaster General of Canada | 1867–1981 |
| Australia | Postmaster-General of Australia | 1901–1975 |
# Flat Earth (disambiguation)

The flat Earth is the idea that the Earth is flat.
Flat Earth may also refer to:

## Beliefs

* Modern flat Earth beliefs, beliefs and organizations that claim the Earth is flat
* Myth of the flat Earth, the modern misconception that the prevailing cosmological view during the Middle Ages saw the Earth as flat

## Books
### Non-fiction

* Flat Earth News (book), non-fiction book by Nick Davies about malpractice on Fleet Street
* Inventing the Flat Earth, a non-fiction book debunking the myth of the flat Earth

### Fiction

* Flatland, a novella about a fictional two-dimensional world
* Tales from the Flat Earth, a series of fantasy novels by Tanith Lee

## Music

* Flat Earth Society (band), a Belgian big band ensemble
* The Flat Earth, a 1984 album by Thomas Dolby

## Other uses

* Flat Earth Productions, a special effects production company
* Flat Earth Crisps, a food manufactured by Frito-Lay
* Flat Earth FC, a former Spanish football team
* A flat Earth strategy, another name for a concept-driven strategy
* This Flat Earth, a 2018 play by Lindsey Ferrentino
# Aloe sinkatana

Aloe sinkatana is a small, stemless Aloe native to Sudan. The plant is sometimes confused for the more common, medicinal Aloe vera.
# Allophylus zimmermannianus

Allophylus zimmermannianus is a species of plant in the family Sapindaceae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania.
# In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought

In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought is a 2010 book about the life and thought of the Iranian philosopher Seyyed Hossein Nasr.
# G V School

G V School, located in Chidambaram (Tamil Nadu, India) is a charitable institution offering free education and vocational skills training for children with disabilities. The school has two divisions supporting intellectually disabled and hearing impaired children. The divisions are named after Mr. G. Vagheesam Pillai and Mrs. R N Suseela Ammal.
The school was established in 1990 with 2 children. Today there are over 90 children from Chidambaram and the surrounding rural areas in the Cuddalore District.
Over the past few years the school has received the following recognition from both the Government and Private Institutions in India, 2008 Building Expansion support from the District Collector
2007 "The Best Special School" from Raja Muthiah Trust
2007 The Principal was awarded "The Best Administrator" by the Inner Wheel Club
2006 The Principal was selected to be a committee member in the Cuddalore District Chapter of National Trust for Disabled
2003 The National Award for "Best Paper Presented" at the National Conference of Special Educators for the Hearing Impaired
2003 An award for the Best Institute in Tamil Nadu for Mentally Retarded Children from the Honurable Minister for Social Welfare, Mrs. Valarmathi
# Mount Browne, New South Wales

Mt Browne was a town on the Albert Goldfield, west of Milparinka, New South Wales that existed briefly but which today only a few ruins remain today. A cemetery can also be found some distance from the Mt Browne diggings. The lack of water made gold prospecting extraordinarily difficult. Dry blowing was used and some miners even carted their gold bearing dirt to Milparinka where they washed it in the town's waterhole. The diggings were largely abandoned by 1893.

## History

Gold was discovered at Mt Browne. A contemporary description of the dry blowing process used at Mount Browne in 1881 states that miners there went to work with "a small broom made of twigs and a tin dish". A miner would use his broom to sweep dust and rock fragments from surface exposures of slate and collect it in the tin dish. Once his dish was "about half full of dirt", the miner would stand "with his back or side to the wind ... and begin throwing the stuff up and catching it, or sometimes slowly pouring it from one dish to another", allowing the wind to carry away the less dense particles, leaving the gold behind in the dish. This process required "very dry surface dirt." When "good sized nuggets" were found, they were removed from the dish before the remaining material was processed. If he saw smaller pieces of gold in the dish, the miner might use his own breath to blow the sand and dust away. The observer found the dry blowing process to be "both tedious and unhealthy."[ It was reported in 1884 that
   " At Mount Browne there is now no water left, so dry-blowing is again resorted to. But at present there is very little work being done, as the shearing on the neighbouring runs has induced many of the miners at Mount Browne to go away for a short time.
In June 1902 a meteorite landed at Mt Brown.
Summer temperatures can reach 50 °C.
# Pylon Assemblage

The Pylon Assemblage is an accreted terrane of igneous rocks in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located about 150 km (93 mi) north of Vancouver. It is named after Pylon Peak, a summit of the Mount Meager massif. Two units make up the Pylon Assemblage, although the youngest unit comprises nearly 100% of the assemblage.
On the southern flank of Pylon Peak, the oldest unit consists of andesitic lava flows. It locally overlies The Devastator Assemblage and older basal breccia. Porphyritic plagioclase andesite of the youngest unit underlies much of the southern and western portions of Meager. Devastator Peak, a volcanic plug at the southern end of the Meager massif, was the source for these lava flows between 1,000,000 and 500,000 years ago. The Pylon Assemblage represents the largest geological formation comprising Meager.
# Quadrastichodella

Quadrastichodella is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.
# Quadrasura

Quadrasura is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Arctiinae erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 2001. Its only species, Quadrasura ktimuna, was originally placed in the genus Asura by Rudolf van Eecke in 1920. The species is found in Borneo. The species is only known from the two original specimens from Kalimantan. The type locality is Smitau, inland from Singkawang which is on the coast of western Kalimantan north of Pontianak.
# Sputter Gun

The Sputter Gun was a prototype test gun using 7 major components from the WW2 era British Sten submachine gun carbine, along with other specially fabricated parts to make a complete operational firearm. It was designed to circumvent the existing U.S. Federal law defining a machine gun. The Sputter Gun, lacking any trigger, was designed to fire multiple rounds automatically, upon release of the bolt from its safety slot, until all ammunition was expended from the magazine.

## Background

In 1983, the ATF became aware that, William M. York, doing business as York Arms Co., was offering for sale a version of a Mk.II Sten that was capable of fully automatic fire that did not meet the Federal definition as a machine gun. York advertised the “Sputter Gun” (so named by his attorney friend Ron Boutwell) as a firearm for those "who want the fun and excitement of owning and firing a fully automatic firearm without the government tax and red tape." A then employee, Chuck Lanum, of the ATF Firearms Technology Branch (FTB) in Wash. D.C. made a scheduled personal visit to the York Arms Co. in Hurricane, Utah, to inspect and discuss some of the Sten-based firearms the company was manufacturing under their Class 2 FFL issued by the ATF. York had in attendance at this meeting with Lanum both an attorney and a court reporter. During that meeting Lanum offered his opinion that the Sputter Gun might be considered a “machine gun” under Federal law if a person's finger could be considered the “trigger” of the firearm.

## Classification

The Sputter Gun has never been classified or reclassified as a Machine Gun by ATF or any other organization of the Federal Government and thus has never been "outlawed."
The US Congress defined a machine gun in the 1934 National Firearms Act
   ...any weapon which shoots, is designed to shoot, or can be readily restored to shoot, automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.
In spite of assertions by ATF or others this legal definition has never been changed by any Ruling or Congress and still stands as Federal law.
# Ankaraobato (disambiguation)

Ankaraobato is the name of several municipalities in Madagascar:
* Ankaraobato, Marovoay - a town in Boeny.
* Ankaraobato - a town in Analamanga
* a locality in Atsimo-Andrefana
# Ankaranana

Ankaranana is a rural village and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Soavinandriana, which is a part of Itasy Region. The population of the village is 2,100 while the whole commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in the 2001 commune census.
Primary and secondary schooling is available. The majority (99%) of the population of the commune are farmers. They practice reach small-scale farming on volcanic soil. A very well known product of Ankaranana is cassava because of his great sweetness (low cyanide contain), that allows short cooking time without risk of toxicity. Other important products are beans (3 crops/year), cress, maize, rice. Small-scale silkwormbreeding since 2009. Services provide employment for 1% of the population.

## References and notes

* ↑ Estimated based on DEM data from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
* 1 2 3 "ILO census data". Cornell University. 2002. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
19°3′S 46°37′E﻿ / ﻿19.050°S 46.617°E﻿ / -19.050; 46.617
* This Itasy Region location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Schizocerella

Schizocerella is a genus of sawflies in the family Argidae. There are at least two described species in Schizocerella.

## Species

These two species belong to the genus Schizocerella:
* Schizocerella lineata (Rohwer)
* Schizocerella pilicornis (Holmgren) (purslane sawfly)
# Frederick of Sweden (disambiguation)

Frederick of Sweden - ; Swedish also: Fredrik - may refer to:
* Frederick, King of Sweden 1720
* Frederick, Prince of Sweden 1685, son of King Carl XI (died in infancy)
* Frederick Adolph, Prince of Sweden 1750
* Adolph Frederick, King of Sweden 1751
# Frederick of Sicily

Frederick of Sicily may refer to:
* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250), also known as Frederick I of Sicily
* Frederick III of Sicily (1272–1337), self-styled the third despite being the second Frederick to rule Sicily (Trinacria)
* Frederick the Simple (1341–1377), third Frederick to rule Sicily (Trinacria)
* Frederick IV of Naples (1452–1504), continued Neapolitan claim to Kingdom of Sicily
# Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim

Count Frederick of Solms-Rödelheim (30 November 1574 – 1649) was an imperial chamberlain, war councillor and colonel in the period of the Thirty Years' War.

## Early life

Frederick was born as the son of Count Johann Georg I of Solms-Laubach (1547-1600) and his wife, Margarethe of Schönburg-Glauchau (1554–1606).

## Biography

When his father's inheritance was divided in 1607, he received the districts of Rödelheim, Pletenheim and Assenheim. His part of the County of Solms was named Solms-Rödelheim, after the first of these.
He became a professional officer. On those days, officers were sometimes operating as a mercenary leader on behalf of princes or cities, or on their own account. He is first mentioned as a participant in the Battle of Nieuwpoort on 2 July 1600 on the Dutch side under Maurice of Orange, who won here against the Spanish under Archduke Albert VII of Austria.
In 1608, he was employed by several Hanseatic cities and his repsonisbilities included overseeing the Dutch military architect Johan van Valckenburgh, who was employed by the same cities. In 1610 he became governor of the city Düren in the Duchy of Jülich. He conquered the town of Schleiden, Kalkofen Castle and Brede Castle. In 1615, he commanded troops provided by the Hanseatic League to the city Brunswick, to help them in their struggle against Duke Frederick Ulrich and on 14 October 1615, he broke the siege around the city of Brunswick.
After the death of the Margrave Joachim Ernst of Brandenburg-Ansbach, he supported the margrave's widow Sophie of Solms-Laubach in the regency, until her son Frederick came of age. After Frederick III's death, he continued so support Sophie in the regency until her second son Albrecht came of age on 26 May 1639.

## Personal life

In 1618, Friedrich married Baroness Anna Maria von Geroldseck und Sultz (1593-1649), daughter of Baron Jacon von Geroldseck und Sultz auf Hohengeroldseck (1565-1634) and his first wife, Baroness Barbara von Rappoltstein (1566-1621). They didn't have children. After becoming a widow, Anna Maria married Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.
# St. Bonaventure Bonnies basketball

St. Bonaventure Bonnies basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent St. Bonaventure University:
* St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball
* St. Bonaventure Bonnies women's basketball
# Anna Maria Carew

Anna Maria Carew (fl. 1660s) was an English miniature painter.
She is documented as having received a pension of 100 pounds from Charles II of England after the Restoration in 1662, which was raised to 200 pounds 10 days later. Though she was paid for miniature copies of portraits, no known works survive in the Royal Collection. Her works follow the style of the popular court miniature painter Samuel Cooper. She was probably related to the artist Richard Carew (antiquary).
# Vi ska till VM

"Vi ska till VM" is a song written by Magnus Uggla and Anders Henriksson, and was the official song for the Swedish men's national team during the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Japan and South Korea. Uggla recorded the song and released it as a single and it subsequently topped the Swedish Singles Chart. It was also tested for Svensktoppen on 1 June 2002, but failed to enter chart.

## Charts
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 1 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2002) | Position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 13 |
# Spidia goniata

Spidia goniata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Watson in 1957. It is found in Uganda.
# Z. laeta

Z. laeta may refer to:
* Zuniga laeta, a jumping spider
* Zygaena laeta, a European moth
# Sepotuba River

The Sepotuba River is a river in the state of Mato Grosso in western Brazil. It flows through the mountainous Serra do Tapirapuã region and is a tributary of the Paraguay River.
The Sepotuba River's drainage basin is an area of over 984,000 hectares (2,430,000 acres) or 9,840 km$^2$ (3,800 sq mi), representing about 1% of the total area of the state of Mato Grosso.

## Tributaries

The Sepotuba River cuts through the Serra do Tapirapuã, a basaltic plateau with an average altitude of about 450 meters, until it reaches the lower altitudes of the Paraguay River. Its main tributaries are the Formoso and Juba rivers, but its tributaries also include smaller rivers:
* Rio Sepotubinha
* Rio das Tocas
* Rio Queima-Pé
* Rio Sapo
* Rio Jubinha
Its streams include:
* Ararão
* Estaca
* Tarumã
* Água Limpa
* Bezerro Vermelho

## Tourism

When flowing through the Serra Tapirapuã, the Sepotuba River creates many waterfalls and cachoeiras and rapids. Some of the most well known places are the Salto das Nuvens Waterfalls, with a height of 19 meters and a width of 100 meters, and the Salto Maciel Waterfalls, which forms a sequence of rapids.
# Minyomerus laticeps

Minyomerus laticeps is a species of broad-nosed weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
# Saleman (village)

Saleman is a village in Shahkot in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Shahkot, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Nakodar, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from district headquarter Jalandhar and 164 kilometres (102 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

## Demography

As of 2011, Qadian has a total number of 73 houses and population of 377 of which include 187 are males while 190 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. Literacy rate of the village is 81.60%, higher than state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 40 which is 10.61% of total population of the village, and child sex ratio is approximately 1000 higher than state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 16.18% of total population in the village. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per census 2011, 154 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of the village which includes 108 males and 46 females. According to census survey report 2011, 98.70% workers describe their work as main work and 1.30% workers are involved in marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Transport

Shahkot Malisian station is the nearest train station. The village is 70 kilometres (43 mi) away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 115 kilometres (71 mi) away in Amritsar.
# Ravalli

Ravalli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antonio Ravalli (1812–1884), Italian Jesuit missionary
* Giorgio Ravalli (1925–2001), Italian field hockey player
* Giovanni Ravalli (1909–1998), Italian military officer
# Armenia at the 2022 Winter Olympics

Armenia competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.
Armenia's team consisted of six athletes (three per gender) competing in three sports. This doubled the size of the team from 2018. Tina Garabedian and Mikayel Mikayelyan were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. A volunteer served as the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors who participated at the Games per sport/discipline.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cross-country skiing | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Figure skating | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 3 | 3 | 6 |

## Alpine skiing

By meeting the basic qualification standards, Armenia qualified one male alpine skier.
| Athlete | Event | Run 1 | Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 2 | Total | Total |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Harutyun Harutyunyan | Men's giant slalom | DNS | DNS | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Cross-country skiing

Armenia qualified one male and two female cross-country skiers.

### Distance

| Athlete | Event | Classical | Classical | Freestyle | Freestyle | Final | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Deficit | Rank |
| Mikayel Mikayelyan | Men's 15 km classical | — | — | — | — | 43:09.1 | +5:14.3 | 61 |
| Mikayel Mikayelyan | Men's 30 km skiathlon | 42:09.7 | 37 | 43:08.5 | 47 | 1:25:53.7 | +9:43.9 | 47 |
| Katya Galstyan | Women's 10 km classical | — | — | — | — | 34:37.5 | +6:31.2 | 74 |
| Angelina Muradyan | Women's 10 km classical | — | — | — | — | 39:43.4 | +11:37.1 | 94 |

### Sprint

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | Qualification | Quarterfinal | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Katya Galstyan | Women's individual | 4:00.48 | 80 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |

## Figure skating

In September 2021, at the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy in Oberstdorf, Germany, Armenia qualified a berth in the ice dancing event.
| Athletes | Event | SD | SD | FD | FD | Total | Total |
| Athletes | Event | Points | Rank | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Tina Garabedian / Simon Proulx-Sénécal | Ice dance | 65.87 | 19 Q | 101.16 | 16 | 167.03 | 18 |
# Alaska Department of Administration

Alaska Department of Administration is a state-level agency that is responsible for providing administrative services to Alaska's government agencies.

## Background

The Alaska Department of Administration provides several administrative services for other state-level government agencies, including finance, personnel, labor relations, leasing, mail distribution, property management, risk management, procurement, retirement and benefits programs, information and telecommunication systems, records management, and building management. The department is managed by a commissioner appointed by the governor of Alaska.
# Jalmari Meurman

Hjalmar (Jalmari) Fredrik Meurman (19 July 1870 – 3 February 1946) was a Finnish agronomist and politician, born in Kangasala. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 24 February to 31 March 1919, representing the National Coalition Party. He was the son of Agathon Meurman.
# Jalmari Rötkö

Hjalmar (Jalmari) Rötkö (13 August 1892, Suomenniemi – 19 July 1938) was a Finnish labourer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1929 to 1930, representing the Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders (STPV).
Rötkö served as a member of parliament for the parliamentary group of Socialist Workers and Small Farmers, representing the Western Constituency of Viipur County, from 1929 to 1930. However, during the session of the parliament's constitutional committee on July 5 or July 7, 1930, Rötkö and another parliament member from the same group, Eino Pekkala, were confronted by members of the fascist Lapua Movement, led by Kosti-Paavo Eerolainen and Artturi Vuorimaa, at Helsinki's Säätytalo. In response to this incident, both representatives were escorted to Vihtori Kosola's residence in Lapua. The subsequent release of the individuals by Kosola, who was in Helsinki at the time, was in accordance with his previous instruction to escalate efforts for the complete exclusion of communists from the parliament.