OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Joseph Samson

Joseph Samson may refer to:
* Joseph-Octave Samson (1862–1945), Canadian politician, served as Mayor of Quebec City 1920–1926
* Joseph Samson (Lower Canada politician) (1771–1843), businessman and political figure in Lower Canada
* Joseph Samson (composer) (1888–1957), French church composer and choirmaster
* Joseph Isidore Samson (1793–1871), French actor and playwright
# Gruber Prize in Cosmology

The Gruber Prize in Cosmology, established in 2000, is one of three prestigious international awards worth US$500,000 awarded by the Gruber Foundation, a non-profit organization based at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.
Since 2001, the Gruber Prize in Cosmology has been co-sponsored by the International Astronomical Union.
Recipients are selected by a panel from nominations that are received from around the world.
The Gruber Foundation Cosmology Prize honors a leading cosmologist, astronomer, astrophysicist or scientific philosopher for theoretical, analytical or conceptual discoveries leading to fundamental advances in the field.

## Recipients

* 2000 Allan Sandage and Philip James E. Peebles
* 2001 Lord Martin Rees
* 2002 Vera Rubin
* 2003 Rashid Sunyaev director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik
* 2004 Alan Guth and Andrei Linde
* 2005 James E. Gunn principal designer of the Hubble Space Telescope
* 2006 John Mather (co-recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics) and the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) Team
* 2007 High-z Supernova Search Team, Supernova Cosmology Project, Brian P. Schmidt and Saul Perlmutter Archived 1 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
* 2008 J. Richard Bond, director of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Cosmology and Gravity Program; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
* 2009 Wendy Freedman, director of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Pasadena, California; Robert Kennicutt, director of the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge in England; and Jeremy Mould, professorial fellow at the University of Melbourne School of Physics
* 2010 Charles Steidel, the Lee A. DuBridge Professor of Astronomy at the California Institute of Technology, in recognition of his revolutionary studies of the most distant galaxies in the universe
* 2011 Simon White, Carlos Frenk, Marc Davis and George Efstathiou
* 2012 Charles L. Bennett (Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University) and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Team
* 2013 Viatcheslav Mukhanov and Alexei Starobinsky
* 2014 Sidney van den Bergh, Jaan Einasto, Kenneth Freeman and R. Brent Tully
* 2015 John E. Carlstrom, Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Lyman A. Page Jr
* 2016 Ronald Drever, Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, and the entire Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) discovery team.
* 2017 Sandra M. Faber
* 2018 Nazzareno Mandolesi, Jean-Loup Puget and ESA Planck team.
* 2019 Nicholas Kaiser and Joseph Silk, "for their seminal contributions to the theory of cosmological structure formation and probes of dark matter".
* 2020 Lars Hernquist and Volker Springel
* 2021 Marc Kamionkowski, Uroš Seljak, and Matias Zaldarriaga
* 2022 Frank Eisenhauer
* 2023 Richard Ellis
* 2024 Marcia J. Rieke
# Bem, Missouri

Bem is an unincorporated community in Gasconade County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Bem was established in 1856 and remained in operation until 1934. It is unknown to the State Historical Society of Missouri why the name of "Bem" was applied to this community.
The Peenie Petroglyph Archeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
# Bem Le Hunte

Bem Le Hunte (born 1964) is a British-Indian-Australian author whose internationally published novels, The Seduction of Silence (2001) and There, Where the Pepper Grows (2006) have gained her numerous positive reviews and a wide, appreciative readership in the Eastern and the Western world. Her first novel was shortlisted for the 2001 Commonwealth Writers' Prize.

## Life and career
### Before 1989

Bem Le Hunte was born in Kolkata, the fourth child in a family with an Indian mother and English father. She grew up in India and England, receiving her education at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith, West London. She then spent a year studying journalism before continuing on to Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, from which she graduated with a BA in Social Anthropology and a doctorate in English Literature. She subsequently traveled the world, living in Japan and the United States, where she spent time in Chicago. She then returned to India, living in Delhi and working on short films for the United Nations during the International Decade of Women's Development.

### Move to Australia in 1989 and start of writing career

At the age of 25, she moved to Australia and, within a few weeks, was lecturing full-time in the Humanities Department of Sydney University. Her first novel, The Seduction of Silence, published in 2001, unfolds the story of an Indian family and the monumental changes it undergoes through love and loss over a period of a hundred years. The book's prose was described by Geraldine Brooks as "vivid and arresting" and by Thomas Keneally as "ample and fascinating". The book, published by HarperCollins in U.S. and Australia and by Penguin Group in India, achieved wide success and was shortlisted for the 2001 Commonwealth Writers' Prize. It was translated into Polish under the title Kuszące Wołanie Ciszy and published by Kameleon. In 2006, her second novel, There, Where the Pepper Grows, a tale about a Polish-Jewish family which disembarks in Kolkata while en route to Palestine during World War II, was published internationally by HarperCollins. Her third novel, Elephants with Headlights, was published in March 2020.
Le Hunte currently lives in Sydney with her husband Jan and sons Taliesin, Rishi and Kashi, and works at the Centre for Journalism and Media at the University of New South Wales.
She is currently pioneering the new Bachelor of Creative Intelligence and Innovation at UTS (University of Technology Sydney).
# Gudrun Mærsk

Gudrun Maersk is a container ship, capable of carrying 8,500 TEU and with a deadweight (DWT) of 115,700 metric tons. The ship was built in 2005 and is operated by the Maersk Line.

## Design

The container vessel Gudrun Maersk was constructed at the Odense Steel shipyard in Denmark and launched in 2005. At the time it was the world's largest container vessel, a title it lost in 2006 to the Emma Maersk. The Gudrun Maersk has a capacity of 8,500 TEU. The length of the vessel is 367 m (1,204 ft) and the beam is 43 m (141 ft). The vessel's deadweight is 115,700 metric tons with a gross tonnage of 97,933. The maximum power of the Sulzer 12RT-flex96C low-speed common rail main engine of Gudrun Maersk is 68,640 kW (93,211 bhp)at 102 rpm. Gudrun and her 5 sister ships use exhaust heat recovery and cogeneration, producing 6 MWe and reducing the need for diesel generators.
# Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006

The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (c. 47) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created following the UK Government accepting recommendation 19 of the inquiry headed by Sir Michael Bichard, which was set up in the wake of the Soham Murders.
The Act established the legal basis for the Independent Safeguarding Authority who managed the two lists of people barred from working with children and/or vulnerable adults replacing the former barred lists (List 99, the Protection of Children Act 1999 (PoCA), the scheme relating to the Protection of Vulnerable Adults (PoVA) and Disqualification Orders). The Act also places a statutory duty on all those working with vulnerable groups to register and undergo an advanced vetting process with criminal sanctions for non-compliance.

## Section 65 - Commencement

The following orders were made under this section:
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/3545 (C.153))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/1320 (C.57))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 3) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/39 (C.3))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 4) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1503 (C.76))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Regulated Activity, Miscellaneous and Transitional Provisions and Commencement No. 5) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2610 (C.114))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 6, Transitional Provisions and Savings) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/2611 (C.115))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 6, Transitional Provisions and Savings (Amendment)) and (Commencement No. 7) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/1101 (C.72))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 1) (England) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/3204 (C.145))
* The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (Commencement No. 1) (Northern Ireland) Order 2008 (S.I. 2008/930 (C.45))
# Joseph Corbin

Joseph Corbin may refer to:
* Joseph Carter Corbin (1833–1911), American educator
* Joseph Louis Corbin (1797–1859), French general
# Sagarikaya Dam

Sagarikaya Dam is a gravity dam located in Tottori prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation and recreation. The catchment area of the dam is 13 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 24 ha of land when full and can store 3860 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 2001.
# Joseph LaCombe

Joseph P. LaCombe (born October 9, 1932 in Brooklyn, New York) is a retired American businessman and owner of Joseph LaCombe Stable Inc., a Thoroughbred horse racing stable. He is a former executive of a national accounts payable auditing business and one of the corporation's regional franchise owners.
LaCombe first became involved in Thoroughbred racing as a part owner of horses but in February 1997 purchased at auction a 2-year-old that would be the first he owned outright. That colt was Favorite Trick who that year would win all eight of his starts including the 1997 Breeders' Cup Juvenile and become the first 2-year-old in twenty-five years to be voted United States Horse of the Year since Secretariat accomplished the feat in 1972.
Other horses owned and raced by LaCombe includes Polished Brass, winner of the 1997 Sanford Stakes, Deputy Glitters, winner of the 2006 Ohio Derby and Tampa Bay Derby, Slew's Tizzy, who in 2007 won the Lexington Stakes and Lone Star Derby, and Azul Leon, winner of the G3 Hollywood Juvenile Championship S. and the G2 Best Pal Stakes.
# Ben Baluri Saibu

Ben Baluri Saibu is a Ghanaian politician and member of the first parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana representing West Mamprusi constituency under the membership of the National Democratic Congress (NDC).

## Early life and education

Ben was born in 1949. He attended University of Ghana where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws in English and Law respectively. He worked as a legal practitioner before going into parliament.

## Politics

He began his political career in 1992 when he became the parliamentary candidate for the National Democratic Congress (NDC) to represent his constituency in the Northern region of Ghana prior to the commencement of the 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election.
He was sworn into the First Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana on 7 January 1993 after being pronounced winner at the 1992 Ghanaian election held on 29 December 1992.
After serving his four years tenure in office, Ben lost his candidacy to his fellow party comrade Susana Adam. She defeated Stephen Sumani Nayina of the Convention People's Party (CPP) who polled 8,761 votes which was equivalent to 17.70% of the total valid votes cast, Amadu Sulemana of the People's National Convention (PNC) who polled 3,833 votes which was equivalent to 7.70% of the total valid votes cast and Sulemana Wakaso Musah of the National Convention Party (NCP) who polled 938 votes which was equivalent to 1.90% of the total valid votes cast at the 1996 Ghanaian general elections. Susan polled 23,021 votes which was equivalent to 46.40% of the total valid votes cast. She was thereafter elected on 7 January 1997.
# Testament (video game)

Testament is a 1996 video game by Insanity for the Amiga. It is a horror first-person shooter.

## Plot

The game follows a soldier who participates in an expedition to find crypt of the ancient magus Ghuwta. Ghuwta a powerful sorcerer who ruled a strong empire was 4,000 years ago. The player's character gets separated from the expedition and has to escape the haunted land.

## Gameplay

The game has similar gameplay to Wolfenstein 3D and Doom. There are 16 levels in the game and the player has to find a piece of scroll (the eponymous Testament) in an every single level. The piece is usually hidden behind a door and so player has to find a key first. To fight enemy player can use four weapons -a basic handgun, a machine-gun, a fireball-gun and a double-gun.

## Development

The game was developed by Insanity. Filip Doksanský originally intended Testament to be a port of Wolfenstein 3D' for Amiga. The game was introduced in 1996, during Amiga Workshop. The game was released the same year.

## Reception

The game has received generally favourable reviews. Andy Smith gave the game 92% in his review. He commented it as "a splendid game that concentrates on making the gaming experience as enjoyable as possible." Another reviewer, Joachim Froholt, commented Testament as "a hugely entertaining and atmospheric game which stands up surprisingly well when compared to the best 3D shooters of today."
In the Czech magazine Amiga Review the game scored with 60%. The review praised the atmosphere, gameplay and music. On the other hand, it criticised the technical aspect of the game such as AI of enemies or the engine.

## Legacy

A sequel, Testament II, was produced by Insanity in 1998. It was the last title released by the team. Its members later founded the company Black Element Software.
# Sagediopsis

Sagediopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Adelococcaceae.

## Species

* Sagediopsis aquatica (Stein) Triebel (1989)
* Sagediopsis aspiciliae (Zopf ex Sacc.) Nik.Hoffm. & Hafellner (2000)
* Sagediopsis barbara (Th.Fr.) R.Sant. & Triebel (1989)
* Sagediopsis campsteriana (Linds.) D.Hawksw. & R.Sant. (1990)
* Sagediopsis epimalvinae Etayo, T.B.Wheeler & Fryday (2021) – Falkland Islands
* Sagediopsis lomnitzensis (Stein) Orange (2002)
* Sagediopsis pertusariicola Zhurb. (2009)
* Sagediopsis vasilyevae Zhurb. (2014)
# Guadalupe Inn

Guadalupe Inn is a colonia in Mexico City.

## Location

Guadalupe Inn is located in the Álvaro Obregón borough, in southern Mexico City.
The neighborhood is bordered by:
* Barranca del Muerto to the north, across which is San José Insurgentes in the Benito Juárez
* Av. Revolución to the west, across which is Colonia Los Alpes and Colonia Campestre
* Pedro Luis Ogazón street to the south, across which is San Ángel
* Avenida de los Insurgentes Sur, across which is Colonia Florida

## History

Guadalupe Inn was developed in the 1950s at the same time that adjacent Colonia Florida in the lands of Hacienda de Guadalupe, property of José de Teresa, brother in law of Porfirio Díaz.
The neighborhood was planned with a modern design, with a roundabout in the center from which several diagonal streets would depart towards the limit of Guadalupe Inn. From its conception, the colonia was planned as a residential zone, but in recent years commercial buildings and multi-story buildings have been constructed near Av. Revolución and Avenida de los Insurgentes.
Lately, the construction of tall buildings at the interior of the area has provoked negative reactions from the neighbors.

## Street nomenclature

The streets in the neighborhood have names of Mexican composers such as Juventino Rosas, Macedonio Alcalá, Silvestre Revueltas and Felipe Villanueva.
In 1991, the segment of the Felipe Villanueva street between Manuel M. Ponce and Insurgentes Sur was changed to Su Santidad Juan Pablo II, in honor of Pope John Paul II, this, due to the fact of the Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico being located here. This was done despite a clear breach of the regulations for streets nomenclature changes of the Nomenclature Commission of the Federal District.

## Transportation
### Public transportation

The area is served by the Mexico City Metro and Metrobús.
Metro stations
* Barranca del Muerto
Metrobús stations
* José María Velasco
* Francia
* Olivo
* Altavista
# Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature

Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of American Literature was published in 1991 by Harper Collins Publishers. The book contains facts on American authors' major and lesser works, summarizes the critical consensus, gives biographical information and often lists secondary biographical and critical works.
# Teresa Osborne

Teresa Osborne is an American civil service professional and non-profit executive who served as a commissioner on the State Civil Service Commission of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2019 and 2020.
Previously, Osborne served in the administration of Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf as head of the Pennsylvania Department of Aging, having been confirmed by the Pennsylvania State Senate as Secretary of Aging for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in May 2015.
In 2007, she headed a statewide effort to secure the passage of "Peggy's Law" to provide greater protections for Pennsylvania's aging populating against elder abuse and exploitation.
In March 2020, she was appointed as manager of advocacy and outreach by AARP Pennsylvania.

## Formative years

Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Osborne earned her Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Health Service Administration degrees at Marywood University.

## Career

Prior to her state government tenure, Osborne served as the executive director of the Luzerne and Wyoming County Area Agency on Aging. She was then appointed as chancellor and chief operating officer of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton.
In 2007, she headed a statewide effort to secure the passage of "Peggy's Law," a series of legislative acts that were designed to provide greater protections for Pennsylvania's aging populating against elder abuse and exploitation, and were enacted following the nursing home death from undiagnosed breast cancer of Peggy Rogers.
She also was appointed to the Mayor's Task Force on Law Enforcement & Mental Health in Scranton and played a key role in the planning and launch of the Northeast Behavioral Healthcare Consortium, a non-profit healthcare group that delivers services to more than ninety thousand members receiving medical assistance across a four-county region in northeastern Pennsylvania as part of the commonwealth's mandated managed care system.
In 2015, Osborne was nominated for the position of Pennsylvania Secretary of Aging by Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf. She was confirmed by the Pennsylvania State Senate for that post in May of that same year.
Osborne left the Department of Aging in January 2019; her final day of service with the department was officially listed as February 8 of that year. Robert Torres, previously the acting secretary of state, succeeded her as acting secretary of aging on January 15. He was confirmed by the Pennsylvania Senate on June 4.
Osborne was subsequently appointed to a seat on the Pennsylvania State Civil Service Commission and served as a commissioner on that state governing body which oversees the appointment and management of classified service employees across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
In March 2020, she became the manager of advocacy and outreach for AARP Pennsylvania.
# Benedict Semmes

Benedict Semmes or Benedict J. Semmes may refer to:
* Benedict Joseph Semmes (1789–1863), American politician
* Benedict J. Semmes Jr. (1913–1994), American admiral
# Agreement between Great Britain and Portugal Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt

The Agreement between Great Britain and Portugal Relating to the Suppression of the Capitulations in Egypt (1920) was an agreement concluded between the British and Portuguese governments in Lisbon on 9 December 1920, in order to regulate legal relations between Portuguese citizens and the court system in Egypt. Ratifications were exchanged in Lisbon on 29 September 1921 and the agreement went into effect. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on 12 December 1921.

## Background

The capitulations system had been introduced into the legal system of the Ottoman Empire and some other Middle Eastern countries as a result of Western pressure. This system provided that in case a foreign citizen was charged with a crime, he or she would not be tried by the local legal system, but by a special court to consist of foreign judges in accordance with his country's laws.
The capitulations system also prevailed in Egypt, which was under British rule from 1882 onward. Following the First World War, pressure mounted on the British authorities in Egypt to grant greater freedom of action to the Egyptian government in matters of control over its own legal system. As a result, the British government agreed to modify some legal arrangements.

## Terms of the agreement

Article 1 stipulated for the renunciation by the Portuguese government of its privileges under the Capitulations system. Article 2 provided for the termination of all Portuguese consular courts, except for those dealing with current cases. Article 3 stipulated that Portuguese citizens in Egypt shall enjoy the same privileges as British citizens. Article 4 stipulated that Portuguese consular agents shall retain their diplomatic privileges as before. Article 5 determined which Anglo-Portuguese treaties shall remain valid under the new arrangements.
# Albert Laszlo

Albert Laszlo was formerly the principal bass of the Columbus Symphony Orchestra, formerly faculty of the Juilliard School College and Pre-College Divisions as well as the College-Conservatory of Music (University of Cincinnati), and is currently faculty at the University of New Mexico.

## Degrees and studies

He holds B.M. and M.M. degrees From the Juilliard School, where he was a scholarship student of the late Homer Mensch.

## Biography

At the age of 12, Laszlo began early training on the violin and began bass studies. He studied cello with George Neikrug and Stephen Kates and was a scholarship student of Homer Mensch at Juilliard as well as a fellowship student of Eugene Levinson at the Aspen Music School. He served as the principal bass of both the National Chamber Orchestra and I Soloisti, both of New York.
In 1985, he became the principal bass of the Columbus Symphony Orchestra (CSO) and has also appeared as a featured soloist with the CSO. Since 1992, he has performed chamber music with members of the CCM faculty both in Cincinnati and Merkin Hall in New York. He joined the Aspen Music Festival artist-faculty in 1994 where he serves as principal bass of the Aspen Chamber Symphony and performs chamber music with other members of the Aspen artist-faculty. He also appears frequently in recitals with his wife, pianist Patricia Wood.