OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thomas Scott (1808–1878)

Thomas Scott (1808–1878) was an English small press publisher and freethinker. He is known for a series of books and pamphlets published in the 1860s and 1870s on topics around religion.

## Life

Born on 28 April 1808, Scott was brought up in France as a Roman Catholic. He attended the court of Charles X of France. Independently wealthy, he travelled widely, and spent some time with Native Americans.
Around 1856 Scott grew dissatisfied with Christian beliefs. In 1862 he started issuing tracts advocating "free enquiry and the free expression of opinion". These were printed at his own expense, and given away mostly to the clergy and intellectuals.
Scott made his house a salon for freethinkers. Supporting Charles Voysey, deprived of his living in 1871 and subsequently preaching at St. George's Hall, London, he set up a theistic church in 1870, and moved to Upper Norwood to be near it. Through Voysey, Annie Besant met Scott and his wife in 1872, and encountered the salon. When she separated from her husband in 1873, the Scotts found her a small house in Colby Road, Upper Norwood.
Thomas Scott died at Upper Norwood on 30 December 1878. His wife survived him.

## Publishing

Between 1862 and 1877 Scott issued, firstly from Ramsgate, and later from Norwood, over 200 titles, as pamphlets and books. He also reprinted such works such as Jeremy Bentham's Church of England Catechism Examined and David Hume's Dialogues on Natural Religion.
Among the writers who contributed to the series were Francis Newman, William Rathbone Greg, Robert Willis, Samuel Hinds, Charles Voysey, Moncure D. Conway, Richard Davies Hanson, Marcus Kalisch, John Muir, John Addington Symonds, Thomas Lumisden Strange, Edward Maitland, Edward Vansittart Neale, Charles Bray, George Gustavus Zerffi, and Robert Rodolph Suffield.
The series was ultimately collected in 16 volumes. Scott's contributions to it were not major, but he was an active editor.
Scott also saw through the press John Colenso's works on the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua while the latter was out of the country. He revised Ancient Faiths embodied in Ancient Names, by Thomas Inman.

## Works

Scott put his name on The English Life of Jesus, 1872, a work thought to have been written in part by George William Cox. He also wrote:
* An Address to the Friends of Free Enquiry and Expression, 1865
* Questions, to which Answers are respectfully asked from the Orthodox, 1866
* A Letter to H. Alford, Dean of Canterbury, 1869
* A Challenge to the Members of the Christian Evidence Society, 1871
* The Tactics and Defeat of the Christian Evidence Society, 1871
* The Dean of Ripon on the Physical Resurrection, 1872
* A Farewell Address, 1877, in which he stated that "the only true orthodoxy is loyalty to reason, and the only infidelity which merits censure is disloyalty to reason."
# Benefiel Corner, Indiana

Benefiel Corner is an unincorporated community in Hamilton Township, Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
The community is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## History

Benefiel Corner was named after the local Benefiel family of settlers.

## Geography

Benefiel Corner is located at 39°07′42″N 87°24′32″W﻿ / ﻿39.12833°N 87.40889°W﻿ / 39.12833; -87.40889.
# Gamma (satellite)

Gamma was a Soviet gamma ray telescope. It was launched on 11 July 1990 into an orbit around Earth with a height of 375 km and an inclination of 51.6 degrees. It lasted for around 2 years. On board the mission were three telescopes, all of which could be pointed at the same source. The project was a joint Soviet-French project.

## Background

The Gamma-1 telescope was the main telescope. It consisted of 2 scintillation counters and a gas Cerenkov counter. With an effective area of around 0.2 square metres (2.2 sq ft), it operated in the energy range of 50 MeV to 6 GeV. At 100 MeV it initially had an angular resolution of 1.5 degrees, with a field of view of 5 degrees and an energy resolution of 12%. A Telezvezda star tracker increased the pointing position accuracy of the Gamma-1 telescope to 2 arcminutes by tracking stars up to an apparent magnitude of 5 within its 6 by 6 degree field of view. However, due to the failure of power to a spark chamber, for most of the mission the resolution was around 10 degrees.
The telescope was conceived in 1965, as part of the Soviet Cloud Space Station, which evolved into the Multi-module Orbital Complex (MOK). When work on Gamma finally began in 1972, it was intended to create a Gamma observatory, the first space station module for MOK, the first modular space station in the Salyut programme. For this, it was designed to add the scientific instruments of the observatory to a spacecraft derived from the Progress spacecraft – with the Progress in turn being a Soyuz spacecraft derivate – and that this spacecraft would dock to a MOK space station. However, in 1974, at the time it became a joint venture with France, the MOK space station project was canceled, and in February 1976, the Soviet space program was reconfigured. When on 16 February 1979 production of the telescope was authorized, the plans for the Soviet space station modules had evolved to use the Functional Cargo Block of the TKS spacecraft instead, with the Kvant-1 Roentgen observatory eventually becoming the first such module for Mir – as a result of these changes the Gamma observatory was redesigned as the free flying Gamma satellite. At that time the telescope was authorized in 1979, it was planned to be launched in 1984, but the actual launch was delayed until 1990.

## Operation

The Disk-M telescope operated in the energy range 20 keV – 5 MeV. It consisted of Sodium iodide scintillation crystals, and had an angular resolution of 25 arcminutes. However, it stopped working shortly after the mission was launched.
Finally, the Pulsar X-2 telescope had 30 arcminute resolution and a 10 deg x 10 deg field of view, and operated in the energy range 2–25 keV.
Observations included studies of the Vela Pulsar, the Galactic Center, Cygnus X-1, Hercules X-1 and the Crab Nebula. The telescopes also measured the Sun during peak solar activity.
# Gold Dust (magazine)

Gold Dust is a twice-yearly literary arts magazine, founded by Omma Velada in 2004, which publishes poetry, short fiction, artwork, short stories, poetry and play collections, organises literary competitions and runs live events consisting of poetry and prose readings, drama performances and live music. Its headquarters are in London. There is both a free online edition and a printed edition of each issue of the magazine. The publication is listed in the annual Writers and Artists Yearbook.
# Xin Hua (software)

Xin Hua (心華) is a Mandarin speaking Vocal for Vocaloid 3 made for Taiwan. She was developed by the Yamaha Corporation and distributed by Facio, in collaboration with Gynoid Co., Ltd.

## Development

Xin Hua was introduced through a webpage on January 16, 2015. The page contained information about her age, voice provider, and product information. She was released on February 10 and was first distributed through TICA, along with other goods and merchandise.
She was mostly aimed at the Taiwan market and was very difficult, but not impossible, to get outside of Taiwan. Despite this, she was quite popular and in April 2015, her physical packages that were put out for sale at the Niconico Chōkaigi event were completely sold out.
It later explained that her name derived from "桃之夭夭，灼灼其華", a line from "Tao Yao" in Classic of Poetry which translates to "The peach tree is young and elegant, brilliant are its flowers". Gynoid thought that a peach tree or blossom suited her cute concept and better represented the youth of a sixteen year old high school girl, thus she was given the name "Xin Hua". It was noted that they wanted the name to also fit the phrase, "最美的風景是人心", meaning "The most beautiful scenery (in Taiwan) is the heart of (Taiwanese) people". This is due to Taiwan being famous for its hospitality.

## Characteristics

She wears a Taiwanese school uniform and has a pet bear called "Xiao Hua (小花 Xiǎo Huā) ".
| Name | Xin Hua |
| Age | 16 |
| Suggested Tempo Range | 60-200bpm |
| Suggested Vocal Range | G#2-E4 |
# Three-toed snake-tooth skink

The three-toed snake-tooth skink (Coeranoscincus reticulatus) is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. It occurs in subtropical rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest, and montane forest on rich dark soils on the coast and adjacent ranges; some coastal/island populations (Fraser Island and Cooloola) occur on pale sands in lowlands.
Coeranoscincus reticulatus measure 67–195 mm (2.6–7.7 in) in snout–vent length. The limbs are reduced with three digits in each.
In 2016, the three-toed snake-tooth skink was added to the Australian federal government’s list of threatened species.
# Tauchira

Tauchira is a genus of grasshoppers (Acrididae) in the subfamily Catantopinae and tribe Tauchirini. Species can be found in South-East Asia.

## Species

The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:
* Tauchira abbreviata Serville, 1838
* Tauchira buae Bolívar, 1898
* Tauchira damingshana Zheng, 1984
* Tauchira grandiceps Willemse, 1928
* Tauchira hunanensis Fu & Zheng, 1999
* Tauchira karnyi Willemse, 1925
* Tauchira longipennis Liang, 1989
* Tauchira obliqueannulata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898
* Tauchira oreophilus Tinkham, 1940
* Tauchira polychroa (Stål, 18750 - type species (as Oxya polychroa Stål)
* Tauchira rufotibialis Willemse, 1925
* Tauchira vietnamensis Storozhenko, 1992
# Sheniqua Thomas

Sheniqua Thomas (born 18 May 1998) is a Barbadian netball player who represents Barbados internationally and plays in the positions of goal attack and goal shooter. She competed at the Netball World Cup on two occasions in 2015 and 2019. She also represented Barbados at the Commonwealth Games in 2014, which also marked her maiden Commonwealth Games appearance.
# Rudolf Baumbach

Rudolf Baumbach (28 September 1840 – 21 September 1905) was a German poet.

## Life

Born in Kranichfeld in Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the son of a local medical practitioner, he received his early schooling at the gymnasium of Meiningen, to which place his father had relocated. After studying natural science at Leipzig as a member of the German Student Corps Thuringia and in various other universities, he engaged as a private tutor, both independently and for families, in the Austrian towns of Graz, Brünn and Trieste.
In Trieste he published an Alpine legend, Zlatorog (1877), and songs of a journeyman apprentice, Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen (1878), both of which had many editions. Their success decided him to embark upon a literary career. During 1885, he returned to Meiningen, where he received the title of Hofrat, and was appointed ducal librarian. He remained in Meiningen for the twenty years until his death on 14 of September 1905.
Baumbach was a poet of the informal vagabond school and wrote, in imitation of his more famous compatriot, Joseph Viktor von Scheffel, many drinking songs, among which Die Lindenwirtin ("The Linden Hostess") has endeared him to many German students. But his real strength was for narrative verse, especially when he had the opportunity of describing the scenery and life of his native Thuringia. Special mention may be made of Frau Holde (1881), Spielmannslieder (1882), Von der Landstraße (1882), Thüringer Lieder (1891) and his prose, Sommermärchen ("Summer legends", 1881).
# Shche

Shche may refer to:
* Shche ne vmerla Ukrainy, the state anthem of Ukraine
* Shcherbakov Shche-2, a Soviet utility aircraft
# Gamma (miniseries)

Gamma is a 1975 Italian science fiction-drama television miniseries directed by Salvatore Nocita and starring Giulio Brogi. The story of a brain transplant on a young race car driver in Créteil and of its ethical implications, it was broadcast on Rai 1.

## Main cast

* Giulio Brogi as Jean Delafoy
* Laura Belli as Marianne Laforet
* Regina Bianchi as Daniel's Mother
* Ugo Cardea as Philippe
* Sergio Rossi as Professor Duvall
* Guido Tasso as Daniel Lucas
* Nicoletta Rizzi as Dr. Mayer
* Laura Bottigelli as The Child
* Maria Grazia Grassini as Madame Oreille
* Walter Maestosi as Levy-Marchand
* Marcello Mandò as President of the court
* Elio Zamuto as Attorney
* Gianfranco Bellini as Professor Aklund
# Tasmania Berlin

Tasmania Berlin could refer to:
* SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin, a football team from Berlin which played from 1900 until 1973; or
* SV Tasmania Berlin, the successor club, which also plays in Berlin, formed from the above.
# Xiqu Subdistrict, Gujiao

Xiqu Subdistrict (Chinese: 西曲街道; pinyin: Xīqǔ Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Gujiao, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China. As of 2020, it has six residential neighborhoods and two villages under its administration:

## Neighborhoods

* Xiqu Community
* Fanshigou Community (矾石沟社区)
* Yingbin Road Community (迎宾路社区)
* Binhebei Road Community (滨河北路社区)
* Tanshang Community (滩上社区)
* Shitanju Community (石炭咀社区)

## Villages

* Gangli Village (港立村)
* Yongshuqu Village (永树曲村)
# Thoracic spinal nerve 4

The thoracic spinal nerve 4 (T4) is a spinal nerve of the thoracic segment.
It originates from the spinal column from below the thoracic vertebra 4 (T4).
# Spartan DFD Aerotome

The Spartan DFD Aerotome, or DFS Aerotome Dual, is an American two-seat ultralight trike that was designed and produced by Spartan Microlights.

## Design and development

The aircraft was designed as a US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules two-seat trainer. It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminum tubing, with its single surface wing covered in Dacron sailcloth. Its 36 ft (11.0 m) span wing is supported by a single tube-type kingpost and uses an "A" frame control bar. Unlike the Spartan DFS Trike the Aerotome uses only a trike delta wing and cannot be converted for powered parachute use.
The standard engine supplied was the twin cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503, with a 5 U.S. gallons (19 L; 4.2 imp gal) fuel tank. When in production it came with optional dual controls, aero-towing hardware, larger engines and 10 U.S. gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) fuel tank. Thirty had been completed and flown by February 2000.

## Specifications (Aerotome)

Data from Kitplanes
General characteristics
* Crew: one
* Capacity: one passenger
* Length: 7 ft (2.1 m)
* Wingspan: 36 ft (11 m)
* Height: 7 ft (2.1 m)
* Wing area: 190 sq ft (18 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 248 lb (112 kg)
* Gross weight: 750 lb (340 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 5 U.S. gallons (19 L; 4.2 imp gal) standard
* Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 503 twin cylinder, two-stroke, air-cooled aircraft engine, 50 hp (37 kW)
Performance
* Cruise speed: 44 mph (71 km/h, 38 kn)
* Service ceiling: 15,000 ft (4,600 m)
* Rate of climb: 1,500 ft/min (7.6 m/s)
# Thomas Hill (clothing manufacturer)

Thomas Arthur Hill (c. 1823 – 1909) was an English hosiery and underwear manufacturer and factory owner from Nottingham. His company, Thomas A. Hill Ltd later changed its name to Sunspel and is now a leading luxury British brand.

## Career

Hill became the managing partner of the Nottingham branch of I. & R. Morley in 1860 and worked under the renowned abolitionist and MP, Samuel Morley, who introduced pensions and elementary education for his workers.
While managing the operation, Hill opened and developed factories on Manvers Street and Handel Street, Daybrook, as well as several others. He greatly improved the factories with better machinery, lighting and sanitation and was one of the first to introduce steam powered machinery in Nottingham. He also introduced regular working hours and standard wages.
Hill ran his own company, Thomas A. Hill Ltd, which later became Sunspel. It made high quality undergarments from merino wool, cashmere, silk and cotton and operated from a large factory on Castle Gate, Nottingham. Hill introduced modern machinery and ensured working conditions were good, with adequate lighting, ventilation and fire safety drills. His goods were "subjected to a rigid examination by an experienced overlooker whose duty it [was] to inspect every article before finally passing the goods as finished." The firm developed fabrics using modern hosiery machines which included "rib frames, rotary frames, circular and fleecy web frames, circular body and webbing frames with the requisite complement of winding machines." It sold its products to large wholesaler buyers in Britain as well as exporting abroad.
In 1908 Thomas A. Hill Ltd became one of the first companies to sell T-shirts, which were made from rare, extra-long staple Sea island cotton.

## Legacy

Hill died in 1909, being survived by two sons (Charles and Thomas Arthur) and a daughter. His son Thomas Arthur took over the business and in 1934, it changed its name to Sunspel. In 2005 Hill's great-grandson, Peter Hill, sold the firm to Nicholas Brooke.
# Hérébo

Hérébo is a village in eastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Gouméré, Bondoukou Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.
Hérébo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
# Tanystrosuchus

Tanystrosuchus (meaning "long crocodile") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the late Triassic period (middle Norian stage, around 208 million years ago). It is known from a single fossil neck vertebra of the species T. posthumus, found in the Middle Stubensandstein formation of what is present-day Germany.

## History

The vertebra used to name Tanystrosuchus (specimen SMNS 4385) was originally found by S.F.J. von Kapff in the 1860s. Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer described the vertebra in 1865, but did not attempt to classify it. In 1907, Friedrich von Huene examined the fossil and recognized it as part of a theropod dinosaur. He thought it probably belonged to the genus Tanystropheus (thought to be a theropod at the time), and named a new species for it, Tanystropheus posthumus. The vertebra was added to the collections of the Staatliches Museum for Naturkunde in Stuttgart, but was labelled as a specimen of the phytosaurid Nicrosaurus. In 2000, Oliver Rauhut and Axel Hungerbühler re-examined the specimen and concluded that, while it was similar in some respects to the same bone in the contemporary Liliensternus, and was definitely from a theropod, it could not be classified due to its incomplete nature. Tanystrosuchus is considered to be a nomen dubium for that reason.
# Shchedryk

Shchedryk may refer to:
* "Shchedryk" (song), a traditional Ukrainian song, the source of the tune of the English-language Christmas carol "Carol of the Bells"
* Shchedryk (choir), a professional Ukrainian Children's Choir
* Shchedryk (film), а Ukrainian historical drama film directed by Olesia Morhunets-Isaienko.
# Josephine O'Neill

Josephine O'Neill (15 December 1905 – 28 February 1968) was an Australian film critic, journalist and poet.

## Early life and education

O'Neill was born in Dunedin, New Zealand on 15 December 1905. She was the first-born child of Josephine (née Monaghan) and doctor Eugene Joseph O'Neill. She completed her secondary schooling at St Dominic's College and graduated from the University of Otago in 1927 with a BA.

## Career

O'Neill moved to Sydney in 1928 and, with her sister Helen O'Neill, she established Aunt Ann's Aid, based on a London business known as Universal Aunts and the Useful Women. Jobs undertaken included mending clothes, visiting patients, accompanying children and shopping. They advertised in The Sun and The Sydney Morning Herald for two months and in June 1928 The Land announced that it would publish "Aunt Ann", a column answering women's questions on shopping and domestic issues. Aunt Ann's Aid advertised in The Land in 1928 (but no column appeared), and in 1929 in The Muswellbrook Chronicle and The Canberra Times.
O'Neill's short stories and poems appeared in The Sydney Morning Herald, The Sun and the Sydney Mail from 1929.
A short story by O'Neill was included in the 1932 inaugural issue of Ink, published to raise funds to enable the Society of Women Writers of New South Wales to provide assistance to members in need.
An early film review by O'Neill of Dracula and of the making of Frankenstein appeared in The Sun in December 1931. Two months earlier The Daily Telegraph had published her review of the play Street Scene, produced by Doris Fitton for the Independent Theatre. From May 1932 her reviews were published regularly in "The Daily Telegraph Talkie Section", This Week's Films and other film columns in that paper. She also wrote a chat column, "life-lines" for a year from mid-1939 but her main focus remained on film reviews.
O'Neill appeared on radio in Harry Dearth's "Leave it to the Girls" alongside fellow journalist Elizabeth Riddell and two others from 1951 to 1955.
From 1957 she wrote film and theatre reviews for The Sydney Morning Herald and the "Show Business" column for the Sun-Herald.
O'Neill died suddenly in Sydney of a heart attack on 28 February 1968. In an obituary of fellow critic Sylvia Lawson, Tom O'Regan wrote referred to O'Neill as "the doyenne of Australian film reviewers from the 1940s to her early death in 1968", while ... named her as one of "Australia’s first wave of significant film critics, who came to prominence in the 1930s" along with Beatrice Tildeseley, Erle Cox and Kenneth Slessor.