OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# State of Emergency Act, 1997

The State of Emergency Act, 1997 is a South African act of legislation that governs the use of a declared state of emergency by the President of South Africa. The President may declare a state of emergency only when "the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster or other public emergency" and if the ordinary laws and government powers are not sufficient to restore peace and order.
The declaration is made by proclamation in the Government Gazette and may only apply from the time of publication, not retroactively. It can only continue for 21 days unless the National Assembly grants an extension, which may be for at most three months at a time. The High Courts have the power, subject to confirmation by the Constitutional Court, to determine the validity of the declaration of a state of emergency.
During a state of emergency the President has the power to make emergency regulations "necessary or expedient" to restore peace and order and end the emergency. This power can be delegated to other authorities. Emergency measures can violate the Bill of Rights, but only to a limited extent. Some rights are inviolable, including amongst others the rights to life and to human dignity; the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of race, sex or religion; the prohibition of torture or inhuman punishment; and the right of accused people to a fair trial. Any violation of a constitutional right must be strictly required by the emergency. Emergency measures may not indemnify the government or individuals for illegal actions. They may impose criminal penalties, but not exceeding three years' imprisonment. They may not require military service beyond that required by the ordinary laws governing the defence force. An emergency measure may be disapproved by the National Assembly, in which case it lapses, and no emergency measure may interfere with the elections, powers or sittings of Parliament or the provincial legislatures. The courts have the power to determine the validity of any emergency measure, and this power may not be ousted even during the emergency.
# Functional presence engine

A Functional Presence Engine, or FPE, is a probabilistic parsing mechanism that uses at least four components to respond to input patterns. It comprises a lexing system, a probabilistic fitness function, a knowledge base, and a library of functions that the knowledge base can trigger.
The lexing system accepts and parses inputs and or query patterns. The probabilistic fitness mechanism determines close approximations and viable responses to the input patterns from a given knowledge base and then selects one or more functions that produce appropriate responses. A Functional Presence Engines is, subsequently, a stimulus-response mechanism that allows for a higher variability of inputs to elicit response patterns with a high likelihood of correctness, even from incomplete training. The system predates SIRI by six years.
Such systems allow conversational AI and virtual assistant platforms to respond correctly to new inputs outside their training sets – The US Army's Sgt Star being a prime example. FPEs are widely used for intelligent customer service systems and for digital assistants. FPEs have also been deployed as black-box solutions and embedded in security appliances.

## History

The first Functional Presence Engine was deployed in 2001 by Spectre AI Incorporated. The technology and a number of embodiments were subsequently patented by Spectre AI's cofounder Robert Hust, the FPE's original inventor, and Mark Zartler who was Spectre AI's lead developer.
The development of the FPE also resulted in an obscure markup language that the company referred to as FPML (Functional Presence Markup Language), which was based largely on AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language).
The original FPE and FPML are now proprietary technologies owned by Verint Systems.
# Functional movement

Functional movements are movements based on real-world situational biomechanics. They usually involve multi-planar, multi-joint movements which place demand on the body's core musculature and innervation. They may be measured via a functional movement screen.

## Functional vs other movements
### Sports-specific

Sports-specific movements, such as a tennis swing or bowling a cricket ball, are based on sports-specific situations. While there is some cross-over application from sports-specific movements (such as running), they are usually so specific that they supersede functional movements in complexity. Yet both sports and functional movements are dependent on the body's core.

### Muscle-specific

Traditional weight-lifting depends on muscle-specific program-design with the goal of muscle-specific hypertrophy. For example, a concentration biceps curl attempts to isolate the biceps brachii, although by gripping the weight one also engages the wrist flexors. These exercises tend to be the most far-removed from functional movement, due to their attempt to micromanage the variables acting on the individual muscles. Functional exercises, on the other hand, attempt to incorporate as many variables as possible (balance, multiple joints, multiple planes of movement), thus decreasing the load on the muscle but increasing the complexity of motor coordination and flexibility.

## Biomechanics

Functional movement usually involves gross motor movement involving the core, which refers to the muscles of the abdomen and spine, such as segmental stabilizers.
# Anurudha Rathnayake

Anurudha Bandara Ratnayake (Sinhalese: අනුරුද්ධ බණ්ඩාර රත්නායක; Tamil: அனுருத பண்டார ரத்னாயகே; born 17 August 1975) is an Olympic boxer from Sri Lanka who lost his first match at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the flyweight division. He lost this game to Robenílson Vieira de Jesus from Brazil. See Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
# Rafael Villaseca

Rafael Villaseca Marco (born 1951 in Barcelona) is a Spanish business executive and the current CEO of Gas Natural, a post he has held since January 2005. Prior to his tenure at Gas Natural, he served at Enagás as CEO, Panrico as managing director, and Chairman of Indra Sistemas, Amper SA, Club Español de la Energía, Círculo de Economía, and IESE Business School. He graduated from IESE Business School and Polytechnic University of Catalonia.
# G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo

Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant High Altitude Zoo is a high altitude zoo situated in Nainital, Kumaon. Established in 1984 and opened to public in 1995, it is situated on the Sher Ka Danda hill at a height of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) above sea-level and is spread over 4.6 hectares (11 acres). It is the only High Altitude Zoo in north India, besides those in Darjeeling and Sikkim. Over the years it has become a popular tourist attraction

## History

The zoo was established in 1984, though it was opened to visitors on 1 June 1995.
The Naintal Zoo was home to India's only Siberian tiger from 2001 until its death in November 2011. The tiger, named Kunal, was half of a pair of tigers brought from Darjeeling in 1997. His older brother, named Mahesh, died in 2001.

## Overview

The zoo has several endangered species of animals in the Himalayas, and animals like Royal Bengal tiger, Tibetan wolves, sambar, leopard cat and Himalayan bear. It also has a vast collection of high altitude birds, like kalij pheasant, Lady Amherst pheasant, rose ringed parakeet, golden pheasant and red junglefowl.
The zoo has night shelters for the animals, and curtains are put up in the bird enclosures during the winter months

## Geography

The zoo is situated at the elevation ranging from 2,100 to 2,150 metres (6,890 to 7,050 ft) above sea level between Shivalik and middle Himalayas mountain range. It has a forest cover of evergreen oak, cupressus, and two other species of oak.

## Transport

The zoo is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) uphill from Tallital Bus station in Nainital. There is a steep motorable road leading to the zoo, though many tourist walk up the hill.
The zoo is open, Friday to Wednesday, 10.00 am - 4.30 p.m.
# State School Teachers Union of Western Australia

The State School Teachers Union of W.A. (Inc.) (SSTUWA) is an Australian trade union. It represents teachers working in the Western Australian state school system, which includes public schools and TAFE institutes, and is affiliated with the federal Australian Education Union.
The union has been in continuous existence since 1898.

## Purpose

The SSTUWA has a number of roles, including
* Negotiating conditions of employment and salaries, with the Department of Education, for public school teachers working under the School Education Act Employees' Agreement (Teachers and Administrators).
* Negotiating conditions of employment and salaries for TAFE lecturers working under the Western Australian TAFE Lectures' General Agreement.
* Advocating for improvements in the Western Australian state school system at a local, state and federal level.
# Fugs 4, Rounders Score

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Christgau's Record Guide | B+ |
Fugs 4, Rounders Score is a 1975 compilation album of material by The Fugs and The Holy Modal Rounders, including seven previously unreleased performances from the Fugs' first recording session (April 1965), when the Rounders (Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber) were members of the Fugs' band. The title is both a reference to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address ("Four score and seven years ago...), and the fact that this is the fourth album of Fugs material released on ESP, as well as a pun on "score" as drug slang. Although all recordings were made under the umbrella of the Fugs, the 6 lead vocals by Stampfel and Weber on Side A allow the album to function as a Rounders compilation as well. There is a notable and unusual lack of lead vocalizing by Ed Sanders, the most prominent vocalist on all other Fugs albums.
The LP was released on ESP Disc (ESP 2018), probably without the foreknowledge or permission of the musicians.
One of the previously unreleased tracks ("Defeated") was later re-released as a bonus track on the CD version of The Village Fugs.

## Track listing

Side one
* "Boobs a Lot" (Steve Weber) – 2:13
* "Romping Through The Swamp" (Peter Stampfel) – 2:32
* "Defeated" (Kupferberg) – 2:30
* "Crowley Waltz" (Traditional) – 1:42
* "Fiddler a Dram" (Traditional) – 2:32
* "Fishing Blues" (Traditional) – 1:56
* "New Amphetamine Shriek (Stampfel) – 2:24
* "Jackoff Blues" (Kupferberg) – 1:52
Side two
* "I Couldn't Get High" (Ken Weaver) – 2:01
* "Slum Goddess" (Weaver) – 1:55
* "Caca Rocka" (Kupferberg) – 1:30
* "CIA Man" (Kupferberg) – 2:48
* "Kill for Peace" (Tuli Kupferberg) – 2:07
* "Morning, Morning" (Kupferberg) – 2:07
* "Virgin Forest Excerpt" (Alderson, Crabtree, Sanders) – 5:23
Tracks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 on side A: recorded April 1965, and previously unreleased. Tracks 1 on side A and track 1, 2 on side B from The Fugs First Album. Tracks 3 and 4 on side B from Virgin Fugs. (Note: Cover notes notwithstanding, it is an alternate take of A7 that appears on Virgin Fugs.) Tracks 5, 6, 7, side B From The Fugs.
Tracks 2, 4, 5 and 6 on side A feature only Stampfel and Weber. Track 1 and 7 on side A feature lead vocals by Weber and/or Stampfel, making them arguably Holy Modal Rounders recordings as well as Fugs recordings.

## Personnel
### Performance

* Ed Sanders – vocals
* Tuli Kupferberg – percussion, vocals
* Ken Weaver – conga, drums, vocals
* Steve Weber – guitar, vocals
* Peter Stampfel – fiddle, harmonica, vocals
* Vinny Leary – bass, guitar, vocals
* John Anderson – bass guitar, vocals
* Lee Crabtree – piano, celeste, bells
* Pete Kearney – guitar
* Betsy Klein (?) – vocals

### Production

* Ed Sanders – producer,
* Harry Smith – producer
* Richard Alderson, Engineer

## Additional sources

* The Fugs Store: The Fugs First Album
# Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess

Rahel Varnhagen: The Life of a Jewess is a biography of Rahel Varnhagen written by political philosopher Hannah Arendt. Originally her Habilitationsschrift she completed it in exile as a refugee, but was not published till 1957, in English, in the UK (London) by East and West Library.

## History

Rahel Varnhagen was Arendt's habilitation thesis (Habilitationsschrift), largely written in the 1930s, but which she was unable to complete, having to flee Nazi Germany. She took the manuscript with her into exile in Paris, where she was able to complete it in 1938. Forced to flee once again, this time without her manuscript, she arrived in America in 1941. However, she had given a copy to Gershom Scholem, and it was finally published in 1957 having been translated from German. The book was later translated into French in 1986, and Spanish in 2000. A revised edition in 1974 used the subtitle The Life of a Jewish Woman. A later biography of the subject by Heidi Thomann Tewarson (2001) distanced itself from Arendt's work, which its author considered too critical of Varnhagen. Arendt dedicated the book to her life-long friend Anne Mendelssohn, who had first drawn her attention to Varnhagen's writing.

## Content

Rahel Varnhagen is ostensibly a biography of this nineteenth century Jewish socialite, and formed an important step in Arendt's analysis of Jewish history and the subjects of assimilation and emancipation, and introduced her treatment of the Jewish diaspora as either pariah or parvenu. In addition it represents an early version of her concept of history. Arendt's relation to Varnhagen permeates her subsequent work. Her examination of Varnhagen's life is set against the background of the catastrophic destruction of German-Jewish culture and its demonstrations of the illusion of any true German-Jewish "symbiosis" and the threatened existence of her subject. In this sense the book partially reflects Arendt's own view of herself as a German Jewish woman driven out of her own culture into a stateless existence. In this sense the work has been referred to as "biography as autobiography".
# Selo nad Laškim

Selo nad Laškim (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Laško in eastern Slovenia. It lies in the hills southeast of Laško. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Selo to Selo nad Laškim in 1953.
# Semorina

Semorina is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1901.

## Species

As of August 2019 it contains five species, found only in Argentina and Venezuela:
* Semorina brachychelyne Crane, 1949 – Venezuela
* Semorina iris Simon, 1901 – Venezuela
* Semorina lineata Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
* Semorina megachelyne Crane, 1949 – Venezuela
* Semorina seminuda Simon, 1901 (type) – Venezuela
# GCMA

GCMA may refer to:
* Golf Club Managers' Association, a British professional organization
* Greenville County Museum of Art
* Groupement de Commandos Mixtes Aéroportés, a unit within the French counter-intelligence service active during the Cold War
* Global Certified Management Accountant
* Global Centre for Modern Ageing, a research and product development organisation with a living laboratory
# Jalovec

Jalovec may refer to:
* Jalovec, Prievidza in Slovakia
* Jalovec, Liptovský Mikuláš in Slovakia
* Jalovec (mountain), a mountain in Slovenia's Julian Alps
# Arachnactidae

Arachnactidae is a family of tube-dwelling anemones in the order Ceriantharia. It is the only family in the monotypic order Penicillaria and comprises around 38 species. They differ from other ceriantharians in the makeup of their cnidome (the types of cnidocyte present), the relative sizes of the oral discs and the shape and structure of the mesenteries. These tube anemones dwell in parchment-like tubes immersed in soft sediment, and have two whorls of tentacles, the outer ones being much longer than the inner ones.

## Genera

The World Register of Marine Species includes the following genera in the family :
* Anactinia Annandale, 1909
* Arachnactis Sars, 1846
* Arachnanthus Carlgren, 1912
* Dactylactis Van Beneden, 1897
* Isapiactis Carlgren, 1924
* Isarachnactis Carlgren, 1924
* Isarachnanthus Carlgren, 1924
* Isovactis Leloup, 1942
* Ovactis Van Beneden, 1897
* Paranactinia Carlgren, 1924
# Senator Black

Senator Black may refer to:

## Members of the Northern Irish Senate

* George Ruddell Black (1865/1866–1942), Northern Irish Senator in 1942

## Members of the United States Senate

* Hugo Black (1886–1971), U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1927 to 1937
* John Black (U.S. senator) (1800–1854), U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1832 to 1838

## United States state senate members

* C. Ellis Black (born 1942), Georgia State Senate
* Dennis Black (born 1939), Iowa State Senate
* Diane Black (born 1951), Tennessee State Senate
* Dick Black (politician) (born 1944), Virginia State Senate
* George Robison Black (1835–1886), Georgia State Senate
* Henry Black (Maine politician) (1924–2002), Maine State Senate
* J. Graham Black (1889–1957), Florida State Senate
* John Black (Georgia politician) (1933–2017), Georgia State Senate
* John Black (Wisconsin politician) (1830–1899), Wisconsin State Senate
* Loring M. Black Jr. (1886–1956), New York State Senate
* Sterling Foster Black (1924–1996), New Mexico State Senate
* W. Rex Black (1920–2012), Utah State Senate
# Senator Bivins

Senator Bivins may refer to:
* Teel Bivins (1947–2009), Texas State Senate
* Tim Bivins (born 1951), Illinois State Senate
# Sekers

Sekers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* David Sekers (born 1943), British historian, son of Nicholas
* Nicholas Sekers (1910–1972), British industrialist
** Sekers Building
# Jalsoor

Jalsoor is a village in Dakshina Kannada district in the south Indian state of Karnataka. This village is major junction connecting three district headquarters; Madikeri, Mangaluru and Kasaragodu. It is one of the main place of trade and transaction in Sullia taluk.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Jalsoor had a population of 6368 with 3176 males and 3192 females.

## Image gallery

* Panjikal School
* Kemanaballi Waterfalls
* Jalsoor Junction
* Jalsoor Mosque
# Jaltenango de la Paz

Jaltenango de la Paz is a town and seat of the municipality of Ángel Albino Corzo, in the state of Chiapas, southern Mexico.
# Fusion International

Fusion International is a cooperative of like-minded Christian youth and community centres in various countries around the world committed to the same values, principles and vision. Its vision statement is "Bringing young people and communities together with hope".
Fusion was originally started in Australia in the early 1960s to help meet the needs of dis-enfranchised young people. Fusion was founded in Australia by Mal Garvin, who retired in 2009 following allegations of sexual misconduct. As a largely volunteer organisation, it broadened its focus in the 1990s to various community needs and at one stage had over 30 centres around Australia. There are currently 15 centres around Australia. In 2003 it began its first centres outside of Australia, with work in England and then Greece. There are now groups of people undertaking Fusion's work in over 15 countries. These include Albania, Canada, England, Ghana, Greece, Nigeria, Poland, South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and Jamaica. Representatives from these different works meet together annually under the umbrella of Fusion International to support and encourage the development of this work.

## Teams and centres

Fusion's services focus on community building, finding a sense of purpose and a Christian values base. Fusion's centres are established in response to research of local needs. In Australia this has led Fusion into outreach and support services such as drop-in centres and youth cafes, lunchtime programs in schools, accommodation and dwelling programs for youth and families, arts and crafts and social activities for isolated women, parenting programs for young single parents, mentoring and other special programs for teenagers who are not fitting into the school system, employment training schemes, outdoor education programs, community festivals designed to build connection in fragmented towns and suburbs, vocational rehabilitation, radio and print media and contributing to social policy development and action.

## Training programs

Fusion Australia Ltd was a registered training organisation, providing nationally accredited training within the Australian Qualifications Framework. Fusion ran a Certificate IV in Youth and Community Work (Christian).
Fusion also trains educators to work in both first world and developing countries, developing community development skills to equip communities to be healthier. The intention of the community development programs is to work with local nationals and volunteers. The programs are designed to be transferable, reproducible and self-sustaining.
# Arbaa Ait Abdellah

Arbaa Ait Abdellah is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Ifni Province of the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 3921 people living in 665 households.
# Rafli

Rafli is an Indonesian name. Notable people with the name include:
* Rafli Asrul (born 2003), Indonesian footballer
* Rafli Mursalim (born 1999), Indonesian footballer
* Muhammad Rafli (born 1998), Indonesian footballer
# Aplastodiscus albosignatus

Aplastodiscus albosignatus, also known as the Bocaina treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description

The Bocaina treefrog can grow to a snout-to-vent length of about 5 cm (2.0 in). It has a broad head and pointed snout, and vomerine teeth situated on the roof of its mouth. The large, bulging eyes have golden irises with a horizontal slit pupil, and the tympanum is easily discernible. There is a single vocal sac in the throat. Not only is the general colour of this frog green, but its muscles and bones are green, as well. Several species of closely related tree frogs inhabit the Brazilian forest habitat. The Bocaina treefrog has distinctive, large granulations in the region of its cloacal vent, which helps to distinguish it from other species. Its tadpoles are also distinctive.

## Distribution

The Bocaina treefrog is an arboreal species known from the mountainous parts of south-eastern Brazil at up to 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) above sea level. Much of its range is in national parks, such as the Serra da Bocaina National Park, from where it was first described. Its habitat is in both virgin forests and old secondary growth forests near mountain streams. It does not generally occur in agricultural areas or near human settlements.

## Reproduction

Breeding takes place between September and February. The male calls at night from among rocks or from the banks of streams in forests. The eggs are laid in underground nests in the muddy bank, and the developing tadpoles live on the bottom of the stream. They undergo metamorphosis when about 21 mm (0.83 in) long.

## Status

Aplastodiscus albosignatus is listed as being of Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and is a common species within its range. The population seems to be declining, but not at a sufficiently fast rate to warrant a higher threat categorization.