OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minuscule 454

Minuscule 454 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Ο $^8$ (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. Formerly it was labeled by 84$^a$ and 94$^p$.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles on 244 parchment leaves (33 cm by 25 cm). It lacks Hebrews 13:21-25. The test is written in two columns per page, in 32 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages.
It contains Prolegomena, tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of στιχοι, and a commentaries (Chrysostom's on the Acts, Nicetas on all the Epistles).

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
The order of books: Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles (Hebrews placed before 1 Timothy).

## History

The manuscript was examined and slightly collated by Birch and Scholz. Antonio Maria Biscioni published its facsimile in 1752. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
The manuscript was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794-1852).
Formerly it was labeled by 84$^a$ and 94$^p$. In 1908 Gregory gave the number 454 to it.
It is currently housed at the Laurentian Library (Plutei IV. 1) in Florence.
# Alain Claeys

Alain Claeys (born 25 August 1948) is a French politician. He is a member of the Socialist Party, former Mayor of Poitiers (2008-2020) and a former member of the National Assembly of France for the first constituency of the Vienne department (1997-2017). He sits in the Socialist, Radical, Citizen and Miscellaneous Left group in the National Assembly.
In 2013, as Mayor of Poitiers, he decides the sale of the Poitiers Theater and the destruction of this hall designed by the French architect Édouard Lardillier and built in 1954, in order to realize a commercial gallery and some flats, through a controversial real estate business.
He graduated from the University of Poitiers.
# Minziro Forest Reserve

The Minziro (Nature) Forest Reserve is a 24,841 ha (95.91 sq mi) conservation area along the Kagera River in Bukoba district of northwestern Tanzania. It protects one of the largest forests in Tanzania, of a forest type that is unique in the country. It was gazetted in 1947 and is situated at an elevation of around 1,150 m (3,770 ft). in fairly level terrain. The forest is continuous with the Malabigambo Forest over the nearby Uganda border. The largest part consists of Baikiaea–Podocarpus seasonal swamp forests while the remainder is flooded acacia woodlands.

## Wildlife

The Minziro Forest is similar to forests found in the Congo and Guinea, and consequently it contains flora and fauna that reach their eastern range limits here.
Characteristic trees of swamp forests include Afrocarpus dawei, Heywoodia lucens, Mussaenda erythrophylla, Cassipourea ruwensorensis, Citropsis articulata, Manilkara obvata, Baikiaea insignis, and Uncaria africana.
58 of the 245 bird species recorded in the reserve are not found outside Kagera in Tanzania, while 56 of these have only been seen in Minziro. In addition, more than 600 butterfly species are native here, surpassing any other forest in Africa.

## Threats

The forest was formerly extensively logged for the valuable Afrocarpus dawei trees, which are now scarce, with only small specimens remaining. Illegal logging is ongoing.
Pastoralists have been entering the central grasslands illegally in search of grazing. They burn the grasslands which is detrimental to the over-wintering population of blue swallows, and also affects vegetation in the forest-grassland ecotone. In 2017 the Bukoba magistrate's court fined one trespassing pastoralist, and expressed dismay at the escalating damage to the environment.
# Minzhong (disambiguation)

Minzhong or Min Zhong may refer to:
* Central Min, a group of Min dialects spoken in central Fujian, China
* Minzhong, Zhongshan, a town in Guangdong, China
* Fuzhou, a city on the location of the Qin-era Minzhong prefecture
* Yu Minzhong (1714–1779), an official of the Qing dynasty in China
# You scratch my back

You scratch my back may refer to:
* You Scratch My Back, Batman episode
* Quid pro quo form of exchange of goods or services, by the phrase "you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours"
# ZBR

ZBR may refer to:
* Bermuda Radio (callsign: ZBR), a radio station in Bermuda
* Konarak Airport, Chabahar, Iran
* Żabbar, Malta
* Zone bit recording
# Mirasəfli

Mirasəfli is a village and municipality in the Barda Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 283.
# Ministry of Electricity and Energy

Ministry of Electricity and Energy may refer to:
* Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Egypt)
* Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Myanmar)
# Case, Warren County, Missouri

Case is an unincorporated community in Warren County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

Case had its start in the 1890s when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office called Case was established in 1893, and remained in operation until 1946. The community most likely has the name of a railroad promoter.
# Adrian Augier

Adrian Augier is a St. Lucian poet and producer. His writings and productions center on life in St. Lucia and have been featured throughout the country, earning widespread acclaim.

## Career

Augier co-founded the Lighthouse Theater and the Factor Creative Arts Centre, both in St. Lucia. He is also director of the St. Lucia Arts Festival Company.
In honor of the 25th and 30th anniversaries of St. Lucia's independence, in 2004 and 2009 respectively, he wrote and produced the shows Anthem and Esperance which made national headlines. His latest publication Navel String encompasses St. Lucian life, culture, and politics.
He has had multiple poetry anthologies published, and has written musicals including the Hewanorra Story and Troumassay.
In addition to a careers in business and the arts, he performed music globally with his band, Rituals, in the early 2000s.
He has been recognized as having made outstanding contributions to Caribbean arts.
Augier also has a background in economics. He is a sitting senator of St. Lucia, formerly Chief Economist in St. Lucia's Ministry of Finance and Planning. He has contributed to economic discussion in his home country, the World Bank, European Union, and the United Nations, among others. He was also co-chair of the CARICOM Task Force on the Development of Cultural Industries, and he was St. Lucia's 2010 Entrepreneur of the Year.

## Selected works

* Musicals
** Esperance (2009)
** Anthem (2004)
** Troumassay (2000)
** Hewanorra Story (1997)
* Poetry
** Navel String (Peepal Tree Press, 2012)
** Bridgemaker (Star Publishing Company, 2001)
** Of Tears and Triumphs (1982)
** Of Many Voices (1981)
** Genesis (1980)
** Out of Darkness (1979)

## Awards

* ANSA Caribbean Laureate of Arts & Letters 2010
* National Drama Association of Trinidad and Tobago - Caribbean Cacique Prize 2009
* Minivielle and Chastenet Fine Arts Awards Council
** Audiovisual Production 1998
** Visual Arts 1992
** Literary Arts 1980, 1981, 1991, 1994

## Education

Augier received his BA in economics and political science at the University of Western Ontario, later earning a master's in development finance and planning from American University.
In 2012 Augier received an honorary degree from the University of the West Indies that recognized his contributions to the arts and economics in the Caribbean.

## Personal life

Born in 1959, Augier is married with 3 children and currently lives in St. Lucia.
His son Jordan Augier swam for St. Lucia in the 2016 Summer Olympics after graduating from the University of Tampa .
# Adolph G. Schwenk

Adolph Glaser Schwenk (March 26, 1922 – March 24, 2004) was a United States Marine with the rank of Lieutenant General.

## Early life and World War II

Adolph G. Schwenk was born on March 26, 1922, in New York City. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in September 1942 while attending Wesleyan University. He subsequently attended Yale University under the V-12 Navy College Training Program before attending MCRD Parris Island in February 1944.
Commissioned as a second lieutenant on July 12 of that year, Schwenk was eventually sent to the Pacific Theater and assigned to the 3rd Battalion, 25th Marines, 4th Marine Division. Schwenk was promoted to first lieutenant in January 1946 and was assigned to occupation duty in China with the 1st Marine Division.

## Korea and Vietnam

Lieutenant Schwenk returned to the United States in December 1946 and served in several billets over the next few years. He eventually deployed to Korea as a captain and remained there until August 1953. He was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service in Korea. After the Korean War, he served at a number of locations, including Rome, Italy, and Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan. In July 1967, he was promoted to colonel.
In February 1968, Colonel Schwenk took command of the 27th Marines in Vietnam. He remained in Vietnam until April 1969 and was awarded a second Legion of Merit. Upon his return to the United States, he attended the Army War College, graduating in June 1970.

## Later career and life

In August 1971, he was promoted to brigadier general and became the executive officer of the 1st Marine Division. From August 1972 to April 1973, brigadier general Schwenk was the commanding general of the 1st Marine Division. He was promoted to major general in 1975 and assumed command of the 3rd Marine Division from July 1977 to July 1978. Promoted to lieutenant general in 1978, he assumed his final position as commanding general of Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic in October 1980. General Schwenk ultimately retired from the Marines on July 1, 1982, and was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal for his service.
He and his wife settled in the town of Pinehurst, North Carolina. Adolph G. Schwenk died on March 24, 2004, at Womack Army Medical Center in Fayetteville. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.
# Admas University College–Garowe

Admas University Garowe Campus is a tertiary institution in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. A campus of the Addis Ababa-based Admas University, it was established in March 2014. The university also has a second campus in Hargeisa, the administrative capital of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.

## Faculties
### Faculty of Business

* Accounting
* Economics
* Management
* Marketing Management

### Faculty of Informatics

* Computer Science
* Information Technology
* Office Administration and Technology Systems

### Faculty of Social Sciences

* Developmental Studies
* Sociology
* Educational Planning and Management

### Faculty of Health Sciences

* Health Officer
# Adriaan Pit

Adriaan Pit, also known as Aart Pit (25 April 1860, The Hague - 24 November 1944, Nijmegen) was a Dutch art historian, museum director, and writer.

## Life and work

He was born to August Nicolaas Marinus Pit (1822–1880), a lawyer, and his wife, Elizabeth Jacoba née Mazel (1829–1901). While attending the local gymnasium, he developed an interest in art, inspired by his fellow student, Philip Zilcken, who would later become a painter. After graduating there, he went to Leiden to study law, per his father's wishes. He was, however, an indifferent student, and never graduated. Instead, in 1886, he went to Paris, where he studied art history at the École du Louvre. His primary instructor there was Louis Courajod. In 1890, he published his first work; a catalogue of engravings by his friend, Zilcken. He remained in Paris until 1894, writing articles for Dutch magazines, then returned to the Netherlands. His first full-length book, The Origins of Dutch Art, was published that year.
In 1896, he was appointed Deputy Director at the Nederlandsch Museum voor Geschiedenis en Kunst [nl] (Museum of History and Art) in Amsterdam. Two years later, he was promoted to Director. In that position, together with his fellow art historian, Willem Vogelsang [nl], he created the museum's first catalogues. In 1904, he began rearranging the collection and changing the display spaces, which displeased the museum's architect, Pierre Cuypers. Also, his focus was more on aesthetics than cultural-historical content, causing serious disagreements with Victor de Stuers, the museum's founder and a member of Parliament.
Burdened by controversies, he resigned in 1917, to focus more on writing, although he continued to serve as an advisor to the museum. He was also a member of the executive committee of the Rembrandt Association. In 1919, he accepted a position as inspector of the civil engineering schools, which he held until 1926.
In 1920 he married the writer, Carry van Bruggen. He had met her many years before, while attending the meetings of an informal literary group at the Museum Willet-Holthuysen. Their marriage followed his period of recovery from a major operation, during which she had helped nurse him back to health. At that time, she was divorced with two children. In 1928, she became severely depressed. Despite his and her doctors' best efforts, her condition worsened, and she committed suicide with an overdose of sleeping pills, in 1932.
After her death, he returned to The Hague and continued to write. In 1940, he published On Consciousness, his only book unrelated to art. During World War II, in 1943, he was evacuated to Nijmegen, where he died.

## Sources

* Biography and references by Monique Daniels @ the Dictionary of Art Historians
* "Pit, Adriaan" by J.F. Heijbroek, In: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland Part IV, 1994
* Bernhard Ridderbos, Anne van Buren, Henk van Veen (Eds.), Early Netherlandish Paintings: Rediscovery, Reception, and Research, J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005 ISBN 978-0-89236-816-7
# Adriaan Reins Altarpiece

The Adriaan Reins Altarpiece is a three-panel 1480 altarpiece, painted by Hans Memling for brother Adriaan Reins of the Old St. John's Hospital in Bruges. It still hangs there as part of the collection of the Memlingmuseum.

## Sources

* Ilse E. Friesen, The Female Crucifix: Images of St. Wilgefortis Since the Middle Ages, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 2006 p. 55
* (in Dutch) Irene Smets, Ludiongids Het Memlingmuseum-Sint-Janshospitaal Brugge, Ludion Gent-Amsterdam, 2001 pp. 64–68
* This article about a fifteenth-century painting is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Adrana (bivalve)

Adrana is a genus of bivalves belonging to the family Nuculanidae.
The species of this genus are found in America.

## Species

The Global Biodiversity Information Facility recognizes 12 species.
* Adrana aegra Olsson, 1964
* Adrana crenifera (G.B.Sowerby I, 1833)
* Adrana electa (A.Adams, 1856)
* Adrana gloriosa (A.Adams, 1856)
* Adrana lancea (Thunberg, 1815)
* Adrana ludmillae (Petuch, 1987)
* Adrana metcalfei (Hanley, 1860)
* Adrana patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1845)
* Adrana penascoensis (H.N.Lowe, 1935)
* Adrana sowerbyana (d'Orbigny, 1845)
* Adrana stena Woodring, 1973
* Adrana tellinoides (G.B.Sowerby I, 1823)
# Stichasteridae

The Stichasteridae are a small family of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. Genera were formerly unassigned, or in the family Asteriidae.

## Genera

The World Register of Marine Species lists these genera within the family Stichasteridae:
* Allostichaster Verrill, 1914
* Cosmasterias Sladden, 1889
* Granaster Perrier, 1894
* Neomorphaster Sladden, 1889
* Neosmilaster Fisher, 1930
* Pseudechinaster H.E.S. Clark, 1962
* Smilasterias Sladden, 1889
* Stichaster Muller & Troschel, 1840
* Stichastrella Verrill, 1914
* Uniophora Gray, 1840
* Stichastrella rosea
* Stichaster australis
# Stoas University of Applied Sciences

Stoas University of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Stoas Hogeschool) is a Dutch vocational college with the head office in Ede.
Stoas University of Applied Sciences is training new teachers, trainers and consultants for agricultural and horticultural education in the Netherlands. This can be for the level Middelbaar Beroepsonderwijs (vocational education) or for college (secondary education) and adult education (Beroeps- en Volwasseneneducatie in Dutch). Since 2003 there is also an International course with a one-year curriculum.
# Frank S. Jorga

Frank S. Jorga (30 December 1968) is a German businessman and investor. He pioneered the online video identification system. He is the founder and managing director of WebID Solutions.

## Education and career

After initially establishing an IT company with his brother, Jorga transitioned into banking, pursued studies in business administration and law, and completed his Master of Business Administration. Following his second Staatsexamen in law, he joined the German-American Chamber of Commerce and worked as a consultant for various companies in Silicon Valley.
After his return to Germany, Jorga worked on the liquidation of the merger of Deutsche Bank and Dresdner Bank. As Head of Strategy and Digital at GFKL Financial Services AG, Jorga launched a process that enabled online stores to offer purchase on account, credit, and direct debit. At the beginning of the 2010s, Jorga considered developing an alternative to Deutsche Post's analogue PostIdent procedure, which so far required new customers of banks and brokers to attend in person to verify their identity.
In 2012, Jorga founded WebID Solutions. After proceedings with the Federal Ministry of Finance, Jorga obtained approval for the identification via video chat procedure he invented in January 2014. Under his management, WebID Solutions developed additional identification procedures, such as authentication of online identities.
With the expansion into Spain in 2023, Jorga became CEO of WebID Spain. Later that year, the city of Wiesbaden introduced online changing of address through video identification based on WebID's software, as a follow-up project to the digital registration for marriage in 2021.

## Personal life

Jorga is originally from Lübeck and lives in Hamburg and Berlin. He has been married since late 2023.
# Fernoël

Fernoël (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

## Geography

The Chavanon (locally called la Ramade) forms most of the commune's western border.
# Platanthera oreophila

Platanthera oreophila is a species of plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Yunnan Province of China.
# Platanthera obtusata

Platanthera obtusata, common name blunt-leaved orchid or small northern bog orchid, is a small species of orchid in the genus Platanthera. It widespread across much of the colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere, though rare in some parts of its range. Two subspecies are recognized:
* Platanthera obtusata subsp. obtusata - Alaska (including the Aleutians), much of Canada (all 13 provinces and territories), south along the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico; the Great Lakes States, the Adirondacks and northern New England; St. Pierre & Miquelon.
* Platanthera obtusata subsp. oligantha (Turcz.) Hultén - Norway, Sweden, Finland, Siberia and the Russian Far East
It is pollinated by several species of mosquito as well as by other insects.
# Zaoyuan station (Xi'an Metro)

Zaoyuan station (Chinese: 枣园站), is a station of Line 1 of the Xi'an Metro. It started operations on 15 September 2013.
# Adrian Gilbert

Adrian Gilbert is a British author and historian who writes primarily on the subject of military history – particularly relating to wars of the 20th century. Although most of his work is published for adults, he has also written several non-fiction books for children.

## Life

After studying history at Lancaster University he spent several years working in book publishing. Gilbert has also contributed to television documentaries and written pieces for newspapers and magazines, including The Sunday Times, The Guardian, Gramophone and The Good Book Guide.
Among his books are Britain Invaded, an imaginary account of a German invasion of Britain in 1940, POW: Allied Prisoners in Europe 1939–1945, a day-to-day account of the lives of Allied prisoners of war captured by Axis forces during the Second World War, and Challenge of Battle: The Real Story of the British Army in 1914.

## Works

* World War I in Photographs (1986)
* Modern Fighting Men (with John Pimlott) (1986)
* Illustrated History of World War I (1988)
* Waffen SS: an Illustrated History (1989)
* Britain Invaded (1990)
* Imperial War Museum Book of the Desert War (1992)
* Sniper: One-on-One (1994)
* Stalk and Kill: the Sniper Experience (1997)
* Germany’s Lightning War (2000)
* POW: Allied Prisoners in Europe 1939–45 (2006)
* Voices of the Legion (2009)
* Challenge of Battle: The Real Story of the British Army in 1914 (2014)
* Waffen-SS: Hitler's Army at War (2019)
# Miophocaena

Miophocaena nishinoi is an extinct species of porpoise from the Late Miocene Koetoi Formation of Japan, dating to around 6.4–5.5 million years ago (mya), represented by a partial skull. the genus name derives from Ancient Greek mio for the Miocene, and phocaena for "porpoise"; the species name honors the discoverer, Takanobu Nishino. Miophocaena resides in a clade with Archaeophocaena discovered in the same area, and, along with Pterophocaena, represents an intermediate phase between porpoises and dolphins.
# Yunluo

The yunluo (simplified: 云锣; traditional: 雲鑼 pinyin: yúnluó,; literally "cloud gongs" or "cloud of gongs"), is a traditional Chinese musical instrument. It is made up of a set of gongs of varying sizes held within a frame. It was also called yún'áo (雲璈) in ancient times.

## Traditional yunluo

The yunluo is a set of usually ten small tuned gongs mounted in a wooden frame, with each gong being about 9-12 cm in diameter, and the height of the frame being about 52 cm. The yunluo's gongs are generally of equal diameter but different thicknesses; the thicker gongs produce a higher pitch. It is often used in wind and percussion ensembles in northern China. Old drawings also depict a smaller yunluo with just five gongs, which was held by a handle by one hand and played with the other.
The traditional yunluo is sometimes referred to as the shimianluo (十面锣; literally "ten faced gongs") to distinguish it from the modern redesigned yunluo.

## Modernized yunluo

A modernized yunluo has been developed from the traditional yunluo for use in the large modern Chinese orchestra. It is much larger with 29 or more gongs of different diameters. Its height may be over 2m including its two legs on which it stands on the floor (the frame itself is about half its height); its width is about 1.4 m or wider.

## In other countries

A very similar instrument called the ulla (hangul: 운라; hanja: 雲鑼 or 雲羅), which is derived from the yunluo, is used in the music of Korea. The ulla was introduced from the Qing Dynasty in the late Joseon Dynasty is presumed to have been used in haengak (hangul: 행악; hanja: 行樂; royal court music played in procession). Like the yunluo it consists of ten small, round, flat brass gongs suspended in a wooden frame, and played with a small wooden mallet.
The nhã nhạc music of Vietnam uses a similar instrument with three gongs, called the tam âm la (Sino-Vietnamese: 三音鑼).