# 2021 in paleobotany

This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2021.

## Ferns and fern allies

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Arthropitys buritiranensis | Sp. nov | In press | Neregato et al. | Permian | Motuca Formation | Brazil | A member of Calamitales. | |
| Azolla andreisii | Sp. nov | In press | De Benedetti et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | La Colonia Formation | Argentina | A species of Azolla. | |
| Caulopteris ellipticus | Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | |
| Caulopteris neimengensis | Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | |
| Caulopteris obovatus | Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A marattialean tree fern belonging to the family Psaroniaceae. | |
| Cicatricosisporites pseudograndiosus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the genus Ceratopteris. | |
| Cladarastega | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A fern belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Genus includes new species C. burmanica. | |
| Claytosmunda zhangii | Sp. nov | In press | Tian, Wang & Jiang | Late Jurassic | Tiaojishan Formation | China | A fern, a species of Claytosmunda. | |
| Dennstaedtia christophelii | Sp. nov | Valid | Pigg et al. | Early Eocene | Klondike Mountain Formation | United States ( Washington) | A fern, a species of Dennstaedtia. | Dennstaedtia christophelii |
| Echinosporis densiechinatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Marattiaceae. | |
| Eoangiopteris congestus | Sp. nov | Valid | Sun et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | |
| Hymenophyllum axsmithii | Sp. nov | Valid | Pigg et al. | Early Eocene | Klondike Mountain Formation | United States ( Washington) | A fern, a species of Hymenophyllum. | |
| Iberisetum | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Correia, Šimůnek & Sá | Carboniferous (Gzhelian) | Douro Basin | Portugal | A member of Equisetales. Genus includes new species I. wegeneri. | |
| Laevigatosporites cultellus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |
| Marsileaceaephyllum ciliatum | Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A member of the family Marsileaceae. | |
| Nemejcopteris haiwangii | Sp. nov | In press | Pšenička et al. | Permian (Asselian) | Taiyuan Formation | China | A zygopterid fern. | |
| Neocalamites iranensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Kustatscher, Mazaheri-Johari & Roghi in Mazaheri-Johari et al. | Late Triassic (Carnian) | Miakuhi Formation | Iran | A member of the family Equisetaceae. | |
| Odontosoria marekgaltieri | Sp. nov | In press | Pšenička, Sakala & Dašková | Early Miocene | Most Basin | Czech Republic | A species of Odontosoria. | |
| Oligosporangiopteris | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Votočková Frojdová et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A leptosporangiate fern. Genus includes new species O. zhongxiangii. | |
| Osmunda zhangpuensis | Sp. nov | | Wang & Sun in Wang et al. | Miocene | Fotan Group | China | A fern, a species of Osmunda. | |
| Patagoniapteris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gnaedinger & Zavattieri | Late Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) | Paso Flores Formation | Argentina | A member of the family Dipteridaceae. Genus includes new species P. artabeae. | |
| Pectinangium xuanweiense | Sp. nov | In press | Zhou et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | | China | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | |
| Polypodiisporites densus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |
| Polypodiisporites fossulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Lomariopsidaceae. | |
| Psilatriletes marginatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the genus Cyathea. | |
| Qasimia yunnanica | Sp. nov | In press | Guo et al. | Permian (Lopingian) | Xuanwei Formation | China | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | |
| Reticulosporis diversus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Polypodiaceae. | |
| Rothwellopteris sanjiaoshuensis | Sp. nov | In press | He et al. | Late Permian | Xuanwei Formation | China | A fern belonging to the group Marattiales. | |
| Sphenophyllum fanwanense | Sp. nov | In press | Huang et al. | Late Devonian | | China | A sphenophyllalean equisetid | |
| Sphenophyllum parvifolium | Sp. nov | In press | Libertín et al. | Early Permian | Taiyuan Formation | China | A sphenophyllalean equisetid | |
| Tapelrayen | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Machado et al. | Eocene | Huitrera Formation | Argentina | Fertile remains of a fern comparable with Thelypteridaceae and Dryopteridaceae. Genus includes new species T. helgae. | |
| Thyrsopteris cyathindusia | Sp. nov | In press | Zhang et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A tree fern, a species of Thyrsopteris. | |
| Woodwardia changchangensis | Sp. nov | In press | Naugolnykh & Song in Song et al. | Middle Eocene | Changchang Formation | China | A fern, a species of Woodwardia. | |

## Bennettitales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Nilssoniopteris jogiana | Sp. nov | | Blomenkemper & Abu Hamad in Blomenkemper et al. | Permian (Changhsingian) | Umm Irna Formation | Jordan | A member of Bennettitales. |
| Nilssoniopteris shanxiensis | Sp. nov | | Bäumer, Backer & Wang in Blomenkemper et al. | Permian (Cisuralian) | Upper Shihhotse Formation | China | A member of Bennettitales. |
| Pterophyllum pottii | Sp. nov | | Bomfleur & Kerp in Blomenkemper et al. | Permian (Changhsingian) | Umm Irna Formation | Jordan | A member of Bennettitales. |
| Weltrichia magna | Sp. nov | Valid | Guzmán-Madrid & Velasco de León | Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) | Zorrillo Formation | Mexico | |
| Weltrichia xochitetlii | Sp. nov | In press | Lozano-Carmona et al. | Middle Jurassic (Callovian) | Tecomazuchil Formation | Mexico | A member of Bennettitales. |
| Williamsonia sanjuanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Lozano-Carmona & Velasco-de León | Middle Jurassic | | Mexico | |

## Cycadales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Becklesia franconica | Sp. nov | In press | Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. | Late Triassic (Rhaetian) | Exter Formation | Germany | A member of Cycadales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. | |
| Iratinia | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Spiekermann et al. | Permian (Kungurian) | Irati Formation | Brazil | A cycad-like plant. Genus includes new species I. australis. | |

## Ginkgoales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Eretmophyllum hamiensis | Sp. nov | In press | Tang et al. | Middle Jurassic | Xishanyao Formation | China | |
| Ginkgoites villardeseoanii | Sp. nov | In press | Andruchow-Colombo et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Lefipán Formation | Argentina | |
| Ginkgoxylon arcticum | Sp. nov | In press | Afonin & Gromyko | Early Cretaceous | | Russia ( Arkhangelsk Oblast) | A member of Ginkgoales described on the basis of fossil wood. |
| Karkenia irkutensis | Sp. nov | In press | Nosova, Crane & Shi | Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) | Prisayan Formation | Russia | |

## Vladimariales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Pseudotorellia doludenkoae | Sp. nov | Valid | Nosova, Kostina & Bugdaeva | Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (Oxfordian–Berriasian) | Dublikan Formation Talyndzhan Formation | Russia ( Khabarovsk Krai) | |
| Pseudotorellia irkutensis | Sp. nov | In press | Nosova | Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) | Prisayan Formation | Russia | A Vladimariales foliage species |
| Umaltolepis irkutensis | Sp. nov | In press | Nosova | Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian) | Prisayan Formation | Russia | A Vladimariales reproducive structure species |

## Conifers
### Araucariaceae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Agathoxylon mendezii | Sp. nov | Valid | Del Fueyo et al. | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Valanginian) | Springhill Formation | Argentina | An Araucariaceae fossil wood. |
| Agathoxylon santanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Dos Santos et al. | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | Crato Formation | Brazil | |
| Araucaria violetae | Sp. nov | In press | Batista et al. | Early Cretaceous | | Brazil | A species of Araucaria. |

### Cheirolepidiaceae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Brachyoxylon lalongense | Sp. nov | In press | Yang & Li | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Barremian) | Duoni Formation | China | |
| Brachyoxylon patagonicum | Sp. nov | In press | Rombola et al. | Late Cretaceous | Cerro Fortaleza Formation | Argentina | Fossil wood of a member of the family Cheirolepidiaceae. |
| Watsoniocladus cunhae | Sp. nov | In press | Kvaček & Mendes | Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) | Almargem Formation | Portugal | A member of the family Cheirolepidiaceae. |

### Cupressaceae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Cupressinoxylon widdringtonioides | Sp. nov | Valid | De Wit & Bamford | Late Cretaceous | | South Africa | Fossil wood of a member or a relative of the family Cupressaceae. |
| Fokienia tianpingensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Wu & Jin in Wu et al. | Miocene | Erzitang Formation | China | A species of Fokienia. |
| Nishidastrobus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Atkinson et al. | Late Cretaceous | | Japan | A member of the family Cupressaceae belonging to the subfamily Cunninghamioideae. Genus includes new species N. japonicum. |
| Ohanastrobus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Atkinson et al. | Late Cretaceous | | Japan | A member of the family Cupressaceae belonging to the subfamily Cunninghamioideae. Genus includes new species O. hokkaidoensis. |
| Protaxodioxylon metangulense | Sp. nov | In press | Nhamutole, Bamford & Araújo | Permian (late Capitanian) | K5 Formation | Mozambique | A member of the family Cupressaceae. |
| Protaxodioxylon verniersii | Sp. nov | In press | Nhamutole & Bamford in Nhamutole, Bamford & Araújo | Permian (late Capitanian) | K5 Formation | Mozambique | A member of the family Cupressaceae. |
| Thujopsoxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | Russia ( Tomsk Oblast) | Genus includes new species T. schneiderianum. |

### Pinaceae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Lepidocasus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Herrera et al. | Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) | | Mongolia | A member of the family Pinaceae. Genus includes new species L. mellonae. |
| Nothotsuga sinogaia | Sp. nov | In press | Ding et al. | Late Miocene | | China | A species of Nothotsuga |
| Piceoxylon nikitinii | Sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | Russia ( Tomsk Oblast) | A Picea relative wood. |
| Pinus leptokrempfii | Sp. nov | Valid | Zhang et al. | Early Oligocene | | China | A pine. |
| Pinus nongyaplongensis | Sp. nov | In press | Grote in Grote & Srisuk | Oligocene-early Miocene | | Thailand | A pine. |
| Pinus weichangensis | Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Early Miocene | | China | A pine. |
| Schizolepidopsis ediae | Sp. nov | Valid | Matsunaga et al. | Early Cretaceous | Huolinhe Formation Tevshiin Govi Formation | China  Mongolia | A member or a close relative of the family Pinaceae. |

### Podocarpaceae

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Podocarpus yunnanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Wu et al. | Early Pliocene | | China | A species of Podocarpus. |
| Protophyllocladoxylon hilarioense | Sp. nov | In press | Vallejos Leiz, Crisafulli & Gnaedinger | Late Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) | Hilario Formation | Argentina | A member of the family Podocarpaceae. |
| Protophyllocladoxylon yiwuense | Sp. nov | In press | Gou & Feng in Gou et al. | Middle Jurassic | Xishanyao Formation | China | A conifer of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly belonging or related to the family Podocarpaceae. |

### Other conifers

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Cargalostrobus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gomankov | Permian | | Russia ( Orenburg Oblast) | A member of Pinales belonging to the family Sashiniaceae. Genus includes new species C. demetrii. |
| Megaporoxylon sinensis | Sp. nov | In press | Wan et al. | Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian) | Huangshanjie Formation | China | A coniferous trunk. |
| Taxus huolingolensis | Sp. nov | In press | Dong et al. | Early Cretaceous | Huolinhe Formation | China | A species of Taxus. |
| Voltzia edithae | Sp. nov | Valid | Forte, Kustatscher & Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | | Italy | A member of Voltziales. |
| Xenoxylon utahense | Sp. nov | In press | Xie & Gee in Xie et al. | Late Jurassic | Morrison Formation | United States ( Utah) | Fossil wood of a conifer. |
| Zhuotingoxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wan et al. | Permian (Changhsingian) | Guodikeng Formation | China | A silicified trunk with coniferous affinities. Genus includes new species Z. liaoi. |

## Flowering plants
### Basal angiosperms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Allonymphaea | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | | Egypt | A replacement name for Thiebaudia Chandler (1954). | |

### Unplaced non-eudicots

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Alcainea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sender et al. | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Escucha Formation | Spain | A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species A. eklundiae. | |
| Todziaphyllum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sender et al. | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Escucha Formation | Spain | A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species T. elongatum. | |

### Magnoliids
#### Canellales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Aristolochia macginitieana | Nom. nov | Valid | Freitas & Doweld | Oligocene | | United States ( California) | An Aristolochia species; a replacement name for Aristolochia triangularis MacGinitie (1937). |
| Cryptocaryoxylon grandoleaceum | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | Turkey | A member of the family Lauraceae. |
| Laurus elliptica | Nom. nov | Valid | Winterscheid in Winterscheid & Kvaček | Oligocene | | Germany | A species of Laurus; a replacement name for Laurus obovata Weber (1852). |
| Rosarioxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Cevallos-Ferriz, Catharina & Kneller | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Rosario Formation | Mexico | A member of the family Lauraceae. Genus includes new species R. bajacaliforniensis. |
| Winteroxylon oleiferum | Sp. nov | Valid | Brea et al. | Early Eocene | Huitrera Formation | Argentina | A member of the family Winteraceae. |

### Monocots
#### Alismatid monocots

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Bognerospadix | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Stockey, Hoffman & Rothwell | Paleocene | | Canada ( Alberta) | A member of the family Araceae. Genus includes new species B. speirsiae. | |

#### Lilioid monocots

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Mirafloris | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A member of the family Liliaceae. Genus includes new species M. burmitis. | |

#### Commelinid monocots

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Arecipites invaginatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. |
| Arecocaryon | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | Messel pit | Germany | A member of the family Arecaceae; a replacement name for Friedemannia Collinson, Manchester & Wilde (2012). |
| Cyperaceaepollis wesselinghii | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Cyperaceae. |
| Eograminis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Soreng | Eocene | Baltic amber | Russia ( Kaliningrad Oblast) | Grass belonging to the subfamily Arundinoideae. Genus includes new species E. balticus. |
| Luminidites amazonicus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. |
| Orthogonospermum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | India | A member of the family Zingiberaceae. Genus includes new species O. patanense. |
| Sabalites colaniae | Sp. nov | In press | Song, Su, Do & Zhou in Song et al. | Oligocene | Dong Ho Formation | Vietnam | A member of the family Arecaceae belonging to the subfamily Coryphoideae. |
| Trichotomosulcites normalis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. |

##### Commelinid monocot research

* A study on the evolutionary history of palms throughout the Cenozoic era, aiming to determine the impact of Cenozoic environmental changes on the diversification and biogeography of palms, is published by Lim et al. (2021).
* Pollens of member of the family Poaceae preserving the same morphological characteristics as that of modern cereal grains are described from a sedimentary core from Lake Acıgöl (Turkey) by Andrieu-Ponel et al. (2021), who interpret this finding as indicative of the presence of proto-cereals in Anatolia since 2.3 million years ago, likely evolving from wild Poaceae as a result of trampling, nitrogen enrichment of soils and browsing by large mammal herds, and evaluate possible benefits from the availability of these proto-cereals for early hominins.

### Basal eudicots
#### Proteales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Platanocarpelia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Maslova, Kodrul & Kachkina | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | Kazakhstan | A member of the family Platanaceae. Genus includes new species P. kyzyljarica. | |
| Proteacidites pseudodehaanii | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Proteaceae. | |

### Superasterids
#### Campanulid euasterids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Pittosporum ettingshausenii | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Miocene | | New Zealand | A species of Pittosporum; a replacement name for Pittosporum elegans (Ettingshausen) W.R.B. Oliver (1950). | |
| Xenopanax | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | | Russia ( Kamchatka Krai) | A new genus for "Pittosporum" beringianum Chelebaeva & Akhmetiev (1983). | |

#### Lamiid euasterids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Adina vastanenesis | Sp. nov | Valid | Shukla et al. | Early Eocene | Cambay Shale Formation | India | A species of Adina. |
| Dicolpopollis? costatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Macoubea. |
| Dolichandra pacei | Sp. nov | Valid | Franco, Brea & Cerdeño | Miocene (Santacrucian) | Mariño Formation | Argentina | A species of Dolichandra. |
| Fraxinoxylon beypazariense | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Oleaceae. |
| Fraxinus eoemarginata | Sp. nov | In press | Mathewes, Archibald & Lundgren | Early Eocene | Quilchena site | Canada ( British Columbia) | A species of Fraxinus. |
| Kapgateophyllum | Nom. nov | Valid | Deshmukh | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) - early Eocene | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | India | A member of the family Acanthaceae; a replacement name for Acanthophyllum Ramteke & Kapgate (2014). |
| Ladakhipollenites campbellii | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Vitex. |
| Lymingtonia splendida | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Convolvulaceae. |
| Maryendressantha | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Singh et al. | Early Eocene | Cambay amber | India | A member of the family Apocynaceae. Genus includes new species M. succinifera. |
| Perfotricolpites hexacolpatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Merremia. |
| Verrustephanoporites intraverrucosus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Apocynaceae. |

#### Non euasterids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Anacolosidites reticulatus | Sp. nov | In press | Morley, Huang & Hoorn in Huang et al. | Middle and late Eocene | Yaw Formation | | Pollen probably derived from plants belonging to the genus Ptychopetalum. |
| Camptotheca manchesterii | Sp. nov | In press | Xie et al. | Late Miocene | Bangmai Formation | China | A species of Camptotheca. |
| Diospyros christensenii | Sp. nov | Valid | Denk & Bouchal | Miocene | | Denmark | A species of Diospyros. |
| Halesia mosbruggeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Kvaček | Early Miocene | Most Basin | Czech Republic | A species of Halesia. |
| Loranthacites tabatingensis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Struthanthus. |
| Mecsekispermum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hably & Erdei | Miocene (Burdigalian) | Feked Formation | Hungary | Possibly a member of the family Theaceae. Genus includes new species M. gordonioides. |
| Miranthus | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Friis, Crane | Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) | | Portugal | A Primulaceae genus. Genus includes new species M. elegans and M. kvacekii. |
| Nyssa nanningensis | Sp. nov | In press | Xu & Jin in Xu et al. | Late Oligocene | Yongning Formation | China | A tupelo. |
| Paranyssa | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Paleocene | | United States ( Montana) | A member of the family Nyssaceae; a replacement name for Browniea Manchester & Hickey (2007). |
| Parsonsidites? minibrenacii | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Amaranthaceae. |
| Ternstroemites klettwitzensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Striegler | Miocene (Tortonian) | Rauno Formation | Germany | A member of the family Theaceae. |

### Superrosids
#### Fabids
##### Fabales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Albizia mahuadanrensis | Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | India | A species of Albizia. |
| Albizia palaeoprocera | Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | India | A species of Albizia. |
| Cercis zhangpuensis | Sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Miocene | Fotan Group | China | A species of Cercis. |
| Cladrastis haominiae | Sp. nov | In press | Jia et al. | Paleogene | | China | A species of Cladrastis. |
| Enterolobiumoxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Pérez-Lara, Estrada-Ruiz & Castañeda-Posadas | Eocene | El Bosque Formation | Mexico | Fossil wood of a member of the family Fabaceae. Genus includes new species E. triserial. |
| Gleditsioxylon fiambalense | Sp. nov | In press | Baez | Miocene | Tambería Formation | Argentina | A member of Leguminosae. |
| Kingiodendron mexicanus | Sp. nov | In press | Pérez-Lara, Estrada-Ruiz & Castañeda-Posadas | Eocene | El Bosque Formation | Mexico | Fossil wood of a member of the family Fabaceae. |
| Ladakhipollenites? pseudocolpiconstrictus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Fabaceae. |
| Leguminocarpum lottii | Sp. nov | Valid | Li & Manchester in Li et al. | Early Eocene | Tepee Trail Formation | United States ( Wyoming) | A member of the family Fabaceae. |
| Leguminocarpum olmensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Centeno-González et al. | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Olmos Formation | Mexico | A member of the family Fabaceae. |
| Neopapilionia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | India | A member of the family Fabaceae. Genus includes new species N. indica. |
| Ormosia cyclocarpa | Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | | China | A species of Ormosia. |
| Peltophorum asiatica | Sp. nov | In press | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | India | A species of Peltophorum. |
| Polyadopollenites minimus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Mimosa. |
| Salpinganthium | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Poinar & Chambers | Burdigalian | Dominican amber | Dominican Republic | A member of the family Fabaceae belonging to the tribe Detarieae. Genus includes new species S. hispaniolanum. |
| Striatopollis crassitectatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Macrolobium. |
| Syncolporites foveolatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Swartzia. |

##### Fagales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Eucarpinoxylon kayacikii | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | Turkey | A member of the family Betulaceae. |
| Fagus dodgei | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Fagus species wood. |
| Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Lithocarpoxylon species wood. |
| Morella absarokensis | Comb nov | valid | (Wheeler, Scott, & Barghoorn) Wheeler & Manchester | Middle Eocene | Lamar River Formation | USA Wyoming | Moved from Myrica absarokensis (1978) |
| Morella scalariformis | Comb nov | valid | (Kruse) Wheeler, Baas, & Manchester | Middle Eocene | Eden Valley Formation | USA Wyoming | Moved from Myrica scalariformis (1954) |
| Myricamentum | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wilde, Frankenhäuser & Lenz | Eocene | Eckfelder Maar | Germany | A catkin-like male inflorescence, probably of myricaceous affinity. Genus includes new species M. eckfeldensis. |
| Ostryoxylon gokceadaense | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Middle Miocene | Kesmekaya Volcanics | Turkey | A member of the family Betulaceae. |
| Palaeocarpinus borealis | Comb nov | Valid | (Heer) Correa & Manchester | Paleocene late Paleocene | Menat Formation | France Puy-de-Dôme | A Coryloideae species. First described as Anchietea borealis (1859). Moved from Atriplex borealis (1912) |
| Palaeocarpinus parva | Sp. nov | Valid | Manchester & Correa | Middle Eocene | Clarno Formation | USA Oregon | A Coryloideae species. |
| Palaeocarpinus pterabaratra | Sp. nov | Valid | Correa & Manchester | Paleocene Middle Paleocene | Fort Union Formation "unnamed lower member" | USA Wyoming | A Coryloideae species. |
| Palaeocarpinus pteravestigia | Sp. nov | Valid | Correa & Manchester | Paleocene Middle Paleocene | Fort Union Formation "unnamed lower member" | USA Wyoming | A Coryloideae species. |
| Palaeocarya indica | Sp. nov | Valid | Hazra, Hazra & Khan in Hazra et al. | Pliocene | Rajdanda Formation | India | A member of the family Juglandaceae. |
| Paralnoxylon | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Paleocene | | United Kingdom | A member of the family Betulaceae; a replacement name for Cantia Stopes (1915). |
| Quercoxylon yaltirikii | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Fagaceae. |

###### Fagalean research

* A study on wood anatomy in extant and fossil members of Fagales is published by Wheeler, Baas & Manchester who transfer two Eocene species from Myrica to Morella.

##### Malpighiales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Euphorbiotheca deccanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Reback et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | India | A member of the family Euphorbiaceae. |
| Passiflora appalachiana | Sp. nov | Valid | Hermsen | Pliocene | Gray Fossil Site | United States ( Tennessee) | A species of Passiflora. |
| Passifloriidites | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Passifloraceae. Genus includes new species P. pseudoperculatus. |
| Populoxylon sebenense | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Salicaceae. |
| Salicoxylon galatianum | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Salicaceae. |
| Verrustephanoporites circularis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Mascagnia. |

##### Oxalidales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Tropidogyne euthystyla | Sp. nov | Valid | Poinar, Chambers & Vega | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A possible member of Cunoniaceae. | |

##### Rosales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Alloceltidoxylon | Nom. nov | Valid | Doweld | Eocene | Clarno Formation | United States ( Oregon) | A flowering plant with possible affinities with urticalean rosids; a replacement name for Scottoxylon Wheeler & Manchester (2002). |
| Celtis popsii | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Celtis species wood. |
| Crataegoxylon sibiricum | Sp. nov | Valid | Dolezych, LePage & Williams | Oligocene (Chattian) | Korlikov Formation | Russia ( Tomsk Oblast) | |
| Morus asiatica | Sp. nov | In press | Patel, Rana & Khan in Patel et al. | Early Eocene | | India | A species of Morus. |
| Prunoidoxylon prunoides | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Rosaceae. |
| Psilatriporites minimus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Celtis. |
| Pyracantha pseudococcinea | Sp. nov | Valid | Striegler | Miocene (Tortonian) | Rauno Formation | Germany | A species of Pyracantha. |
| Ulmoxylon kasapligilii | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Ulmaceae. |
| Ventilago tibetensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Del Rio et al. | Middle Eocene | | China | A species of Ventilago. |
| Zelkovoxylon crystalliferum | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Ulmaceae. |

#### Malvids
##### Malvales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Bombacacidites hooghiemstrae | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Malvaceae. |
| Craigia lincangensis | Sp. nov | In press | Wang & Xie in Wang et al. | Late Miocene | | China | A species of Craigia |
| Dipterocapus fotanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | Miocene | | China | A species of Dipterocarpus |
| Discoidites angulosus | Sp. nov | In press | Huang, Morley & Hoorn in Huang et al. | Late Eocene | Yaw Formation | Myanmar | Pollen probably derived from plants belonging to the genus Brownlowia. |
| Thymelipollis amazonicus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Thymelaeaceae. |
| Tilia asiatica | Sp. nov | In press | Jia & Nam in Jia et al. | Middle Miocene | Pohang Basin | South Korea | A species of Tilia |
| Wataria kvacekii | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Wataria species wood. |

##### Myrtales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Florschuetzia impostora | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen, possibly of a member of the family Lythraceae. |
| Lazarocardenasoxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Estrada-Ruiz & Martínez-Cabrera in Estrada-Ruiz, Martínez-Cabrera & García-Hernández | Late Cretaceous | San Carlos Formation | Mexico | Possibly a member of the family Myrtaceae. Genus includes new species L. aldamense. |
| Lythrum portugalliense | Sp. nov | In press | Vieira et al. | Pliocene (Piacenzian) | | Portugal | A species of Lythrum. |
| Syzygium guipingensis | Sp. nov | In press | Li et al. | Miocene | Erzitang Formation | China | A species of Syzygium. |
| Terminalioxylon mozambicense | Sp. nov | Valid | Bamford & Pickford | Probably late Eocene | | Mozambique | A member of the family Combretaceae. |
| Trapa sanyingensis | Sp. nov | In press | Aung et al. | Late Pliocene | Sanying Formation | China | A water caltrop. |
| Verrutricolporites pusillus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen, possibly of a member of the family Lythraceae. |
| Xystonia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Carvalho et al. | Paleocene | Bogotá Formation | Colombia | A member of the family Melastomataceae. Genus includes new species X. simonae. |

##### Sapindales

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Aceroxylon aceroides | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Sapindaceae. |
| Ampelorhiza | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jud et al. | Early Miocene | Cucaracha Formation | Panama | A member of the family Sapindaceae belonging to the subfamily Sapindoideae and the tribe Paullinieae. Genus includes new species A. heteroxylon. |
| Anacardium gassonii | Sp. nov | Valid | Rodríguez-Reyes, Estrada-Ruiz & Terrazas in Rodríguez-Reyes et al. | Oligocene-Miocene | | Panama | A species of Anacardium. |
| Atalantioxylon thanobolensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Soomro et al. | Miocene | Manchar Formation | Pakistan | Fossil wood of a member of the family Rutaceae. |
| Melia santangensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Liu, Xu & Jin in Liu et al. | Late Oligocene | Yongning Formation | China | A species of Melia. |
| Pistacia terrazasae | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Pistacia species wood. |
| Proteacidites poriscabratus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Sapindaceae. |
| Sorindeioxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bamford & Pickford | Probably late Eocene | Mazamba Formation | Mozambique | A member of the family Anacardiaceae. Genus includes new species S. gorongosense. |
| Syncolporites tenuicolpatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the genus Serjania. |
| Tetradium nanningense | Sp. nov | Valid | Huang et al. | Late Oligocene | Yongning Formation | China | A species of Tetradium. |
| Verrutricolporites simplex | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Pollen of a member of the family Simaroubaceae. |

#### Non eurosid superrosids

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum | Sp nov | Valid | Wheeler & Manchester | Late Eocene | John Day Formation | USA Oregon | A Hamamelidoxylon species wood. |
| Liquidambar guipingensis | Sp. nov | In press | Huang et al. | Miocene | Erzitang Formation | China | A species of Liquidambar. |
| Liquidambaroxylon efeae | Sp. nov | Valid | Akkemik | Early Miocene | Hançili Formation | Turkey | A member of the family Altingiaceae. |
| Obirafructus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kajita & Nishida in Kajita, Suzuki & Nishida | Late Cretaceous (Coniacian–Santonian) | Haborogawa Formation | Japan | A member of Saxifragales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species O. kokubunii. |
| Paleoaltingia | Gen. nov | Valid | Lai et al. | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | | United States ( New Jersey) | A member of Altingiaceae. Genus includes P. ovum-dinosauri and P. polyodonta. |

### Other angiosperms

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
| Araliaephyllum vittenburgii | Sp. nov | Valid | Golovneva & Volynets in Golovneva et al. | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Galenki Formation | Russia ( Primorsky Krai) | A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. | |
| Baderadea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pessoa, Ribeiro & Jud | Early Cretaceous (Aptian) | Crato Formation | Brazil | A herbaceous eudicot similar to some members of Ranunculales. Genus includes new species B. pinnatissecta. | |
| Byttneripollis rugulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Dilcherifructus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang | Middle Jurassic | Simón Formation | Mexico | Possibly a fruit of an early flowering plant. Genus includes new species D. mexicana. | |
| Farabeipollis deccanensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Sonkusare, Samant & Mohabey | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Deccan Intertrappean Beds | India | Pollen of a flowering plant of uncertain affinity. | |
| Florigerminis | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Cui et al. | Middle-Late Jurassic | Jiulongshan Formation | China | A possible flower bud. The type species is F. jurassica. First announced online 2021, Final article published 2022. | Florigerminis jurassica |
| Gansufructus | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Du in Du et al. | Early Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian) | Zhonggou Formation | China | A eudicot of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species G. saligna. | |
| Inaperturopollenites tectatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Ladakhipollenites? corvattatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Ladakhipollenites? endoporatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Ladakhipollenites nanus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Ladakhipollenites? sphaericus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Margocolporites bilinearis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Margocolporites incertus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Multiporopollenites intermedius | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Nigericolpites | Nom. nov | Valid | Hernández | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | | Nigeria | Pollen of a flowering plant; a replacement name for Clavatricolpites Hoeken-Klinkenberg (1964). | |
| Psilaperiporites circinatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Psilaperiporites depressus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Psilastephanocolporites ectoporatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Psilastephanocolporites pseudomarinamensis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Ranunculacidites pontoreticulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retibrevitricolpites pseudoretibolus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retiperiporites retiporatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retistephanocolpites liberalis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retistephanocolporites loxocolpatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitrescolpites benjaminensis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitrescolpites brevicolpatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitrescolpites grossus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitrescolpites kriptoporus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitrescolpites marginatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitriporites discretus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Retitriporites sifonis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites apertus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites? colpiverrucosus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites crassinexinicus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites crassitectatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites grossomurus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites guttatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites lolongatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites protoguttatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites pseudocrassopolaris | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites pseudopilatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites pseudoscabratus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites quantulus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Rhoipites vilis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Tetracolporopollenites nanus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |
| Tetracolporopollenites xatanawensis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil pollen. | |

## Other plants

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Adelocladoxis | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Durieux et al. | Devonian (Emsian) | Battery Point Formation | Canada ( Quebec) | A member of Cladoxylopsida. Genus includes new species A. praecox. |
| Baragwanathia brevifolioides | Nom. nov | Valid | Kraft & Kvaček | Silurian (Přídolí) | Požáry Formation | Czech Republic | A member of the family Drepanophycaceae; a replacement name for Baragwanathia brevifolia Kraft & Kvaček (2017). |
| Camarozonosporites fossulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Lycopodiaceae. |
| Cingulatisporites cristatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the genus Selaginella. |
| Cingulatisporites matisiensis | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the genus Phaeoceros. |
| Closterium mosbruggeri | Sp. nov | Valid | Ivanov & Belkinova | Miocene (Serravallian) | | Bulgaria | A green alga, a species of Closterium. |
| Colpodexylon mergae | Sp. nov | In press | Harris et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | Witpoort Formation | South Africa | A member of Lycopsida. |
| Colpodexylon pullumpedes | Sp. nov | In press | Harris et al. | Devonian (Famennian) | Witpoort Formation | South Africa | A member of Lycopsida. |
| Cordaabaxicutis martii | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Czech Republic | Cordaitalean cuticles. |
| Cordaabaxicutis papillosus | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Czech Republic | Cordaitalean cuticles. |
| Cordaadaxicutis raristomatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Šimůnek & Lojka | Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | Kladno Formation | Czech Republic | Cordaitalean cuticles. |
| Cynodontium luthii | Sp. nov | Valid | Bippus, Rothwell & Stockey | Late Cretaceous | | United States ( Alaska) | A moss belonging to the family Rhabdoweisiaceae, a species of Cynodontium. |
| Dayvaultia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Manchester et al. | Late Jurassic | Morrison Formation | United States ( Utah) | A seed-bearing structure of gnetalean affinity. Genus includes new species D. tetragona. |
| Distefanopolia | Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Barattolo, Romano & Conrad | Late Triassic and possibly Early Jurassic | | Austria  Czech Republic  Germany  Greece  Italy  Oman  Slovakia | A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales and the family Bornetelleae. Genus includes "Heteroporella" micropora Di Stefano & Senowbari-Daryan (1985), "Heteroporella" macropora Di Stefano, 1981 ex Di Stefano & Senowbari-Daryan (1985), "Chinianella" zanklii Ott (1967), "Chinianella" crosii Ott (1968) and "Heteroporella" carpatica Bystrický (1967). |
| Distichophytum mogilatii | Sp. nov | Valid | Naugolnykh | Devonian | | Russia ( Krasnoyarsk Krai) | A member of the family Zosterophyllaceae. |
| Dragastanella | Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Barattolo, Bucur & Marian | Early Cretaceous | | Italy  Romania  Spain | A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales. Genus includes new species D. transylvanica, as well as "Zittelina" hispanica Masse, Arias & Vilas (1993), "Zittelina" massei Bucur, Granier & Săsăran (2010) and "Triploporella" matesina Barattolo (1980). |
| Elandia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Lochkovian?) | Baviaanskloof Formation | South Africa | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species E. itshoba. |
| Flabellopteris | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Famennian) | Witpoort Formation | South Africa | A fern-like plant of uncertain affinities. Genus includes new species F. lococannensis. |
| Foraminisporis connexus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the genus Anthoceros. |
| Frullania kachinensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. |
| Frullania palaeoafricana | Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | Ethiopia | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. |
| Frullania shewanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | Ethiopia | A liverwort, a species of Frullania. |
| Gilboaphyton fuyunensis | Sp. nov | In press | Liu et al. | Late Devonian | Kaxiweng Formation | China | A member of Protolepidodendrales. |
| Guazia | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wang et al. | Late Devonian | Wutong Formation | China | A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species G. dongzhiensis. |
| Ixostrobus daohugouensis | Sp. nov | In press | Na & Sun in Na et al. | Middle Jurassic | | China | A member of Czekanowskiales. |
| Kenrickia | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Toledo et al. | Devonian (Emsian) | Battery Point Formation | Canada | An early euphyllophyte belonging to the group Radiatopses. Genus includes new species K. bivena. |
| Krommia | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Lochkovian?) | Baviaanskloof Formation | Brazil  South Africa | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species K. parvapila. |
| Lejeunea abyssinicoides | Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | Ethiopia | A liverwort, a species of Lejeunea. |
| Lycaugea | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Meyer-Berthaud, Decombeix & Blanchard | Devonian (Famennian) | | Australia | A lycopsid. Genus includes new species L. edieae. |
| Lycopodiumsporites amazonicus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Spores of a member of the family Lycopodiaceae. |
| Melvillipteris sonidia | Sp. nov | In press | Bai et al. | Devonian (probably Famennian) | | China | A member of Rhacophytales. |
| Mesochara adobensis | Sp. nov | In press | De Sosa Tomas et al. | Early Cretaceous | Los Adobes Formation | Argentina | A member of Charophyta. |
| Mesochara dobrogeica | Sp. nov | In press | Sanjuan et al. | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | | Romania | A member of Charophyta. |
| Mixoxylon | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Chernomorets & Sakala | Early Cretaceous (Albian) | Whisky Bay Formation | Antarctica | A homoxylous wood of uncertain systematic affinities. Genus includes new species M. australe. |
| Mtshaelo | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gess & Prestianni | Devonian (Lochkovian?) | Baviaanskloof Formation | South Africa | An early polysporangiophyte. Genus includes new species M. kougaensis. |
| Omniastrobus | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bonacorsi et al. | Devonian (Emsian) | Campbellton Formation | Canada | A lycophyte. Genus includes new species O. dawsonii. |
| Palaeonitella trifurcata | Sp. nov | Valid | Martín-Closas et al. | Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) | | Spain | A member of Charophyta belonging to the family Characeae. |
| Paratingia wuhaia | Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Permian (Asselian) | Taiyuan Formation | China | A progymnosperm belonging to the group Noeggerathiales and the family Tingiostachyaceae. |
| Permotheca? musaformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Foraponova & Karasev | Permian | | Russia | A pteridosperm. |
| Radula heinrichsii | Sp. nov | In press | Feldberg et al. | Cretaceous | Burmese amber | Myanmar | A liverwort, a species of Radula. |
| Rehamnia | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Oukassou & Naugolnykh | Late Devonian | | Morocco | A member of Lycopodiophyta of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. michardis. |
| Ricciopsis baojishanensis | Sp. nov | In press | Han & Yan in Han et al. | Late Triassic | Nanying'er Formation | China | A liverwort. |
| Salopella laidae | Sp. nov | Valid | McSweeney, Shimeta & Buckeridge | Devonian (Pragian) | Yea Formation | Australia | An early land plant of uncertain affinities. |
| Skyttegaardia | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Friis, Crane & Pedersen | Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) | | Denmark | A plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly close to cycads. Genus includes new species S. galtieri. |
| Thysananthus aethiopicus | Sp. nov | In press | Bouju et al. | Miocene | Ethiopian amber | Ethiopia | A liverwort belonging to the family Lejeuneaceae. |
| Velascoa | Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Flores Barragan, Velasco de León & Ortega Chavez | Permian | Matzitzi Formation | Mexico | Fossil leaves of a plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, with a morphology similar to Ginkgophyta. Genus includes new species V. pueblensis. The generic name is preoccupied by Velascoa Calderón & Rzedowski (1997). |
| Vitinellopsis | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Vachard, Bucur & Munnecke | Silurian | | Sweden | A green alga belonging to the group Bryopsidales. Genus includes new species V. gotlandica. |
| Zosterophyllum confertum | Sp. nov | In press | Gossmann et al. | Early Devonian | | Germany | A zosterophyll. |

## Palynology

| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes |
| Camarozonosporites trilobatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | A spore of lycopodialean affinity. |
| Echinatisporis infantulus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Erlansonisporites duwaensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Erlansonisporites exquisitus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Erlansonisporites perbellus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Erlansonisporites textilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Ginkgomonocolpites | Nom. nov | Valid | Hernández | Paleogene | | India | A gymnosperm pollen; a replacement name for Psilamonocolpites Mathur (1966). |
| Hamulatisporis bareanus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Henrisporites longibaculiformis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Horstisporites comitus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Horstisporites denticulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Horstisporites subtilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Horstisporites tarimensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Hughesisporites reticulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Hughesisporites unicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Ischyosporites dubius | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | A spore of dicksoniaceous affinity. |
| Ischyosporites granulatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Laevigatosporites indigestus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Luntaispora | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | Genus includes new species L. laevigata. |
| Microfoveolatosporis simplex | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Minerisporites tarimensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Minerisporites triangularis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Narkisporites conicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Narkisporites densibaculatus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Narkisporites densiconicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Narkisporites tarimensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Neoraistrickia dubia | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Noniasporites triassicus | Sp. nov | Valid | Ghosh et al. | Early Triassic | Panchet Formation | India | A megaspore. |
| Otynisporites tarimensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Polypodiisporites discretus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Psilatriletes delicatus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Punctatosporites latrubessei | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Rotverrusporites amazonicus | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |
| Stellibacutriletes | Gen. et 4 sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | Genus includes new species S. capillaris, S. gracilis, S. rarus and S. solidus. |
| Striatriletes inconspicuus | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Tarimispora | Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | Genus includes new species T. auriculata and T. perfecta. |
| Tricristatispora trilobata | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Tricristatispora yingmailensis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Trileites plicatilis | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Mesozoic | | China | |
| Verrucatotriletes pseudovirueloides | Sp. nov | Valid | D'Apolito, Jaramillo & Harrington | Miocene | Solimões Formation | Brazil | Fossil spores. |

### Palynological research

* Strother & Foster (2021) describe an assemblage of fossil spores from the Ordovician (Tremadocian) of Australia, representing a morphology that was intermediate morphology between confirmed land plant spores and earlier forms of uncertain phylogenetic placement, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the evolution of land plants from their algal ancestors.
* A study on the fossil pollen record from New Zealand, dating from 100 million years ago to the present, is published by Prebble et al. (2021), who report evidence indicating that Cretaceous diversification was closely followed by an increase in flowering plants frequency, but their maximum frequency did not occur until the Eocene.
* A study on changes of abundance in spores and pollen record from the Danish Basin, and on their implications for the knowledge of the impact of the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event on land plants, is published by Lindström (2021).
* A study on the vegetation history in the southwestern Balkans, as indicated by pollen from the sedimentary record in the Lake Ohrid extending to 1.36 million years ago, is published by Donders et al. (2021).

## Research

* A study on changes of the morphological complexity of reproductive structures of land plants throughout their evolutionary history, based on data from fossil and extant land plants, is published by Leslie, Simpson & Mander (2021).
* Revision of Silurian (Wenlock to Přídolí) assemblages of polysporangiophytes with dispersed spores and cryptospores, aiming to determine the relationship between Silurian plant evolution and climate changes linked with perturbations of the global carbon cycle, is published by Pšenička et al. (2021).
* Reconstruction of the structure and development of the rooting system of Asteroxylon mackiei is presented by Hetherington et al. (2021).
* A study on factors influencing the extent of arboreal vegetation during the Late Paleozoic icehouse is published by Matthaeus et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that Pangaea could have supported widespread arboreal plant growth and forest cover based on leaf water constraints, but the forest extent was restricted because of impact of freezing on plants, and estimate that contracting forest cover increased net global surface runoff by up to 6.1%.
* Description of the reproductive organs of the lycopsids from the Upper Devonian Wutong Formation (China), and a study on the ability of the sporophyll units for wind dispersal, is published by Zhou et al. (2021), who name new form species Lepidophylloides longshanensis and Lepidophylloides changxingensis.
* An exceptionally well preserved Brasilodendron-like lycopsid forest containing over 150 upright stumps is described from an early Permian postglacial landscape of western Gondwana (Paraná Basin, Brazil) by Mottin et al. (2021).
* A study on the anatomy of Stigmaria asiatica is published by Chen et al. (2021).
* Stump casts of Sigillaria, preserving traces of internal anatomy, are described from the earliest Permian Wuda Tuff (China) by D'Antonio et al. (2021).
* A study aiming to determine probable causes of the world-wide proliferation of members of Isoetales, particularly Pleuromeia, during and in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, and evaluating the implications of this proliferation for the knowledge of environmental stresses during and in the aftermath of this extinction event, is published by Looy, van Konijnenburg-van Cittert & Duijnstee (2021).
* New fossil material of Saportaea salisburioides, providing new information on leaf morphology and growth of this plant, is described from the Permian Umm Irna Formation (Jordan) by Kerp et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that Saportaea grandifolia and Baiera virginiana were synonyms of S. salisburioides, and possibly indicating that the fructification belonging to the genus Nystroemia is a part of Saportaea.
* Description of Geinitzia reichenbachii from its gross morphology to the cellular scale, and a study on the likely ecology of this conifer, is published by Moreau et al. (2021).
* A study on the evolutionary history of the family Cycadaceae, based on genomic data and fossil record, is published by Liu et al. (2021).
* Well-preserved recurved cupules of seed plants are described from the Lower Cretaceous of China by Shi et al. (2021), who interpret the structure of these cupules as consistent with the recurved form and development of the second integument in the bitegmic anatropous ovules of flowering plants, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the origin of the flowering plants.
* Taxonomically diverse flora from the Seafood Salad locality, found ~65 m below the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in the Hell Creek Formation (Montana, United States), is described by Wilson, Wilson Mantilla & Strӧmberg (2021), who study the affinities of plants of this locality and compare them with other Late Cretaceous floras of the Western Interior.
* A study on the timing of the origin of the flowering plants, based on data from fossil record and from the diversity of extant members of this group, is published by Silvestro et al. (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that several flowering plant families originated in the Jurassic.
* A study on the diversity of insect damage types in fossil plants from the Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) Dakota Formation (United States), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the early evolution of angiosperm florivory and associated pollination, is published by Xiao et al. (2021).
* New fossil material of Callianthus dilae is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) by Wang et al. (2021), who reconstruct the whole plant of Callianthus, interpreting it as an aquatic flowering plant.
* A study on the anatomy of the epidermal features of the floating leaves of Quereuxia angulata from the Upper Cretaceous Yong'ancun Formation (China) is published by Liang et al. (2021).
* A study on plant extinction and ecological change in tropical forests resulting from the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, based on data from fossil pollen and leaves from Colombia, is published by Carvalho et al. (2021), who report evidence indicative of a long interval of low plant diversity in the Neotropics after the end-Cretaceous extinction, and the emergence of forests with a structure resembling modern Neotropical rainforests, with a closed canopy and multistratal structure dominated by flowering plants, during the Paleocene.
* A study on the impact of the mid-Eocene greenhouse warming event on floras from southernmost South America is published by Fernández et al. (2021).
* Evidence from middle Eocene-middle Miocene tuffaceous deposits of central and northern Patagonia, indicating that soils, vegetation, insects and mammal herbivores began to record diverse traits related to the presence of grasslands with mosaic vegetation since middle Eocene, is presented by Bellosi et al. (2021).
* A study on Middle Miocene microfloral assemblages from ten localities in the Madrid Basin (Spain), providing evidence of prevalence of open habitats with grass-dominated, savannah-like vegetation under a warm and semi-arid climatic regime in the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Miocene, is published by Casas-Gallego et al. (2021).
* Crump et al. (2021) present a record of vegetation from the Last Interglacial based on ancient DNA from lake sediment from the Baffin Island (Canada), and report evidence of major ecosystem changes in the Arctic in response to warmth, including a ~400 km northward range shift of dwarf birch relative to today.

## Deaths

* Alan Graham (1934–2021), passed away on 8 July 2021. Graham earned his PhD in 1962 under the guidance of Chester A. Arnold, and was noted for a career studying the Cenozoic paleobotany of the Caribbean and Central America.