OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Andrew DeVries

Andrew W. DeVries (born 1957 in Rochester, New York) is an American artist and sculptor living and working in the Berkshires of western Massachusetts. His works, primarily in lost wax cast bronze produced at his own foundry, explore the human body portrayed through dance, though he has a substantial body of work centered in the purely symbolic form as well.

## Early life and work

His early years were spent on his parents' dairy farm in Rochester, NY where he first learned to work with his hands. Frustrated by the limitations of art classes in high school, he dropped out at the age of fifteen, but remained on his parents' farm for 5 years, painting in his spare time. From 1978 to 1980 he drew dancers in Ballet Denver, the studios of Rieke Maria Love in Denver, CO, and it was Love that first suggested he try sculpture. Before leaving Colorado, he apprenticed with sculptor Ed Dwight, learned the art of the foundry from Lee Schenkeir and studied mold making with Raelee Frazier. In 1984 he toured Europe, sketching in museums and city squares before settling into Paris for a six-month study at the Paris-American Academy. Returning to the United States, in 1985 he settled in the town of Middlefield, MA and built a sculpting studio and foundry with the help of his father. Taking casting work from other sculptors at his foundry led to a close connection with Elliot Offner, then Professor of Art at Smith College in Northampton, MA and a past President of the National Sculpture Society.

## Awards

* 1989 National Sculpture Society's Young Sculptor Award
* 1991 awarded the Walter and Michael Lantz prize from the National Sculpture Society (NSS)
* 1994 his work The Chariot was selected for the NSS International Exhibition in Seravezza, Italy
* 1996 Awarded the Lindsay Morris Memorial Prize by the NSS
* 2003 DeVries invited to exhibit by the Florence Biennale in Italy

## Works

DeVries has accepted a number of commissions over the years, producing bronzes of Irish actor and director Vincent Dowling(2005), Congressman Silvio O. Conte(1986) and former Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs Gordon H. Mansfield (2010). In 2009, the veterans group SoldierOn commissioned him to create the award they present each year, given that first year to Admiral Mike Mullen and in 2010 to Congressman John Olver. DeVries exhibits and has done bronze casting demonstrations at museums such as Chesterwood Museum (where he was artist in residence for 12 years), Norman Rockwell Museum, Springfield Museums, Ventfort Hall Museum of the Golden Age, the Berkshire Museum and the Clark Art Institute, and was featured in the WGBY-TV program called Making It Here. He has done large solo exhibitions in Northampton, MA and Old Lyme, CT as well as a town wide installation of 25 large works in Lenox, MA where his gallery DeVries Fine Art International, Inc. is located. From March through November 2013, an exhibition of more than 40 of his bronzes and 20 of his pastel drawings were featured at The National Museum of Dance in Saratoga Springs, NY. DeVries' sculpture is in private and corporate collections around the world, and in the U.S. Library of Congress.
# Francis Sibson

Francis Sibson FRS (21 May 1814 – 7 September 1876) was an English physician and anatomist.

## Early life

He was born at Crosscanonby, near Maryport, Cumberland but grew up and was educated in Edinburgh, apprenticed to John Lizars, surgeon and anatomist, receiving his diploma (LRCS) in 1831. He treated cholera patients during the 1831–32 epidemic.
He continued his studies at Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, qualifying licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1835. He accepted the post as resident surgeon and apothecary to the Nottingham General Hospital. In 1848 he returned to London and graduated MB and MD in the same year. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1849.

## Career

In 1851 he was appointed physician at St Mary's Hospital and lecturer at the medical school. Sibson was concerned to exhibit the internal organs of the human body in both healthy and diseased states: he was particularly interested in the physiology and pathology of the respiratory organs.
In 1862 he was appointed president of the Medical Society of London; from 1866 to 1869 Sibson served as president of the British Medical Association Council, and then later as vice-president for life.
He delivered the Goulstonian Lecture (1854), the Croonian Lecture (1870) and the Lumleian Lectures (1874) to the Royal College of Physicians

## Private life

He married Sarah Mary Ouvry (1822–1898) in 1858. He died suddenly whilst on holiday at Geneva.
Suprapleural membrane is also known as "Sibson's fascia".

## Death

He died at the Hôtel des Bergues, Geneva, on 7 September 1876.

## Publications

* Medical Anatomy, or, Illustrations of the Relevant Position and Movements of the Internal Organs (London, 1869)
* The Nomenclature of Diseases, drawn up by a Joint Committee appointed by the Royal College of Physicians (London, 1869)
* Collected Works of Francis Sibson, W.M. Ord (ed.) (London, 1881)
# Psychomania Records

Psychomania Records was a record label based in Scotland. They specialized in a brand of noise-infused grindcore, that has become synonymous with the label itself. The label put out releases from The Gerogerigegege, Cripple Bastards, Extreme Smoke, Anal Cunt, Scrawl, Patareni, Crucifix, Seven Minutes Of Nausea, Meat Shits, Seduce and others.
# Tamney

Tamney, also known as Tawney or Tawny (Irish: An Tamhnaigh), is a small village and townland in Fanad in County Donegal, Ireland. It was the only postal town of the peninsula of Fanad (or Fannet/Fannett) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when the region had a population of about 10,000. Tawny townland, which has an area of approximately 0.96 square kilometres (0.37 sq mi), had a population of 40 people as of the 2011 census.
Evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a bullaun stone (in Tawny townland) and a ringfort (in Croaghan). St Columba's Catholic Church (in Croaghan) was built c. 1780, with St. Columba's Parochial House (Tawny) built c. 1885. The local national school, St Davadogs or Tamney National School, had an enrollment of 30 pupils as of 2024.
In 1904, Seumas MacManus wrote a one-act play The Townland of Tamney.
# Spergularia purpurea

Spergularia purpurea, the purple sandspurry, is a species of annual herb in the family Caryophyllaceae (carpetweeds). They have a self-supporting growth form and simple, broad leaves. Individuals can grow to 9 cm.

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Spergularia purpurea​. Encyclopedia of Life.
# Fugoppe Cave

Fugoppe Cave is an archaeological site in Hokkaido, Japan, dating from the Jōmon period. It is located on a hillside known as Maruyama in the town of Yoichi. Along with the nearby Temiya Cave in Otaru City, it is one of only two significant petroglyph sites in Japan.
There are around 800 figures carved into the rock of the cave. Many are human figures, some of which have wings or horns. The site has been dated to between 100 and 400 A.D., based on excavations and geological data. The cave itself is around 7m deep and made of soft hyaloclastite, which is why the figures could be carved by abrasion and then polished.
# Tafazzi

Tafazzi is an Italian comic character created by Carlo Turati and portrayed by Giacomo Poretti, member of the group Aldo, Giovanni e Giacomo. It originally appeared in Mai dire Gol, a comic-sports television show by the Gialappa's Band, but later appeared in other works of Aldo, Giovanni e Giacomo, including the theatre show I corti.
Tafazzi is a sort of mime wearing a black tracksuit and a jockstrap, who does nothing but beat his groin with a plastic bottle while wearing a jockstrap.
The character is the source of the name of the protein Tafazzin, due to the difficulties involved in identifying the tafazzin gene.
# Castra Praetoria

Part of a series on the :
Military of ancient Rome 753 BC – AD 476 :
Structural history
Army
Unit types and ranks
Decorations and punishments
Legions
Auxilia
Generals
Navy
Fleets
Admirals :
Campaign history
Wars and battles :
Technological history
Military engineering
Castra
Siege engines
Triumphal arches
Roads :
Political history :
Strategy and tactics
Infantry tactics :
Frontiers and fortifications
Limes
Walls
Limes Britannicus
Antonine Wall
Hadrian's Wall
Saxon Shore
Limes Germanicus
Alb Limes
Lauter Valley Limes
Lower Germanic Limes
Main Limes
Neckar-Odenwald Limes
Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes
Wetterau Limes
Danube–Iller–Rhine Limes
Norican Limes
Claustra Alpium Iuliarum
Pannonian Limes
Limes Alutanus
Limes Moesiae
Trajan's Wall
Anastasian Wall
Limes Sarmatiae
Limes Arabicus
Limes Tripolitanus
Limes Mauretaniae :
Ancient Rome portal :
vte :
Castra Praetoria were the ancient barracks (castra) of the Praetorian Guard of Imperial Rome.

## History

According to the Roman historian Tacitus, the barracks were built in 23 AD by Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the praetorian prefect serving under the emperor Tiberius, in an effort to consolidate the several divisions of the guards.
The barracks were erected just outside the city of Rome and surrounded by solid masonry walls, measuring a total of 440 by 380 metres (1,440 ft × 1,250 ft). Three of the four sides of the walls were later incorporated in the Aurelian Walls, and parts of them are clearly visible today. The adjacent city district Castro Pretorio is named after the barracks.
The Castra Praetoria was the location of several important events in the history of Rome. It was to this camp that Claudius was brought after the murder of his nephew Caligula to become the first emperor to be proclaimed by the Praetorians. Here too was where the Praetorian Guard auctioned off the imperial title after their murder of the emperor Pertinax. On March 28 193 AD Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus was within the barracks trying to calm the troops when he began to offer a donative if they would support his candidacy for the throne. Meanwhile, Didius Julianus also arrived at the camp, and since his entrance was barred, shouted out offers to the guard. After hours of bidding, Sulpicianus promised 20,000 sesterces to every soldier; Julianus, fearing that Sulpicianus would gain the throne, then offered 25,000. The guards closed with the offer of Julianus, threw open the gates of the camp, and proclaimed him emperor. This was also the site of the slaying of the Emperor Elagabalus, and his mother Julia Soaemias by the Praetorians in 222 AD. Then in 238 AD, the barracks were attacked by the citizens of Rome who were in revolt against the emperor Maximinus Thrax.
The Castra Praetoria was destroyed by Constantine I, who also disbanded the Praetorian Guard upon his conquest of Italy while Maxentius ruled as the Western Roman Emperor in Italy. Their last stand was at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 AD, and after Constantine's victory he officially disbanded the Praetorian Guard, sending them out to different corners of the empire.
# Jesmond Grech

Jesmond Grech (born 14 September 1963) is a Maltese novelist, historian, writer, and teacher. He was born at the Royal Navy Hospital Mtarfa in Malta, and spent his childhood and youth in Paola, Malta. He is married to Mary née Pace, with whom he has two children, Julian and Maria Cristina. He was educated at Paola Primary School, Mount Carmel College (Santa Venera, Malta), St. Paul's Missionary College (Malta) and the University of Malta (B.Ed., M.Ed.), and is History Head of Department at a Maltese state secondary school.
Grech is honorary member of St Andrew’s Band Club, Luqa, Malta and is Honorary President of Siġġiewi Rowing Club. He lives in Siġġiewi with his family.

## Career

Over the past thirty years, Grech has published fifteen books across a variety of genres, from children’s stories and novels to historiography. In 2008, his children’s book Bongi Wongi u l-Avventuri Tiegħu (Bongi Wongi and his Adventures) was Malta’s entry at the exhibition Tour d’Europe en 27 Livres d’Images that was held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The exhibition was inaugurated by Christine Albanel, the French Minister for Culture and Communication and Bruno Racine, the Chairman of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The book, published by Klabb Kotba Maltin was illustrated by Marisa Attard, one of Malta’s most prominent illustrators.
Grech’s novel Ġenerazzjoni Paceville (Paceville Generation), first published by Klabb Kotba Maltin in 1999, started a trend for adolescent literature in the Maltese language, in which trend he was soon eagerly followed by other authors. Grech has also made contributions to television drama. Two of his novels Gideb u Mħabba and Mħabba mill-Ġdid have been adapted and produced by Hermann Bonaci Productions for Maltese television. In the 1980s he wrote and directed a satirical play based on Hans Christian Andersen’s The Princess and the Pea, in Maltese Sardinella u l-Piżella for the ATEATRU fringe theatre company.
He also wrote two radio plays, Bejn l-Ilma u In-Nar and Qatla f’Pentekoste, that were broadcast on Radio 101 (Malta).
His British Heritage in Malta, with an introduction by Sir Vincent Fean then British High Commissioner to Malta, is described as a 'cross between a history and a guidebook'.
His most recent publication is the biography of Eugenio Borg, a Maltese catechist, who was the first superior general of the Society of Christian Doctrine, now in the process of canonisation to Catholic sainthood. This book, Nar Go Qalbna (published by Librerija Preca), has been translated and published in Spanish (Fuego En Nuestros Corazones).
In 2021, Jesmond Grech was interviewed by Ardain Isma about the publication of his first crime novel set in Malta entitled 'A Simple Affair' in which he introduced the character of Inspector Sander Debono and his motley team at CID. This was followed by "Ghosts" and a novel about the Great Siege of Malta entitled 1565.
# Kroonstad Commando

Kroonstad Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the Free State Republic
##### Anglo Boer War

This Commando was involved in the following:
* The battle of Rietfontein took place on 24 October 1899 between six commandos of the Free State Army commanded by General A Piet Cronje and a British Flying Column dispatched from Ladysmith under the command of Sir George White.
The Free State forces consisted of the following commandos:
** Harrismith Commando,
** Kroonstad Commando,
** Winburg Commando,
** Bethlehem Commando,
** Vrede Commando and
** Heilbron Commando.
* The battle of Magersfontein took place on 11 December 1899. The Kroonstad Command being split into three on strategic koppies.

#### With the UDF

By 1902 all Commando remnants were placed under British military control and disarmed.
By 1912, however previous Commando members could join shooting associations.
By 1940, such commandos were under control of the National Reserve of Volunteers.
These commandos were formally reactivated by 1948.

#### With the SADF

During this era, the unit was mostly used for rural area force protection and stock theft control.
The unit resorted under the command of the SADF's Group 24.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| 1899 | Commandant Marthinus Schoeman | nd |
| 1900 | Commandant Frans van Aardt | nd |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Soundbwoy

"Soundbwoy" is a song by British singer Stylo G. It was produced by Dutch born producer Diztortion. The song was released in the United Kingdom as a digital download on 26 May 2013 on iTunes. The song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 18 and at number 29 in Scotland.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Soundbwoy" was first released onto YouTube on 8 March 2013 at a total length of two minutes and forty-four seconds.

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak positions |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 18 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders Dance) | 22 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders Urban) | 34 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 29 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 18 |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| United Kingdom | 26 May 2013 | Digital download | 3Beat |
# Royal Music Institute of Berlin

The Königliches Musik-Institut Berlin (Royal Music Institute of Berlin) was a training centre for musicians and a predecessor of today's Institute for Church Music at the Berlin University of the Arts.

## History

The institute was founded in 1822 by Carl Friedrich Zelter and served to train organists, cantors and teachers at seminars and grammar schools. In the early years, the training usually only lasted one year, but could be extended to two years if necessary. The first teachers at the facility, which was popularly called the Organ Institute (Orgel-Institut), were August Wilhelm Bach (organ) and Bernhard Klein (vocals and instrumentation). Carl Gottlieb Reissiger followed in 1825, followed soon after by Eduard Grell. Directors after Zelter's death were:
* August Wilhelm Bach, 1832–1869,
* August Haupt, 1869–1891,
* Robert Radecke, 1892–1907,
* Hermann Kretzschmar, 1907–1922,
* Carl Thiel, 1922–1927,
* Hans Joachim Moser, 1927–1933.
* Fritz Stein, 1933–1934.
* Eugen Bieder, 1934–1945.
The institute was initially located in Zelter's apartment in the Singakademie building on the Fortress Moat. In 1832, the company moved to Papenstraße 10 to the official apartment of August Wilhelm Bach, which was located in the immediate vicinity of St. Mary's Church, where Bach worked as music director and organist. In 1854, the Royal Church Music Institute had its own premises at Spandauer Straße 72 for the first time. The institute was later renamed the Institute for Church Music and around 1922 the State Academy for Church and School Music.

## Institute for Church Music

After several relocations, the State Academy for Church and School Music found its final domicile at today's Ernst-Reuter-Platz (at that time: Knie) in Hardenbergstraße 41 in Berlin-Charlottenburg, opposite the intersection of Schillerstraße. The building still exists in the area of Technische Universität Berlin and is part of the Berlin University of the Arts.
On May 6, 2014, a one-and-a-half year renovation of the interior was completed.

## Auditorium

The auditorium with the organ is located on the second floor in the rear part of the building and is accessible from the stairwell via an elaborately designed double door.
The large organ is from the organ builder Karl Schuke and has a main work, swell, positive and pedal work with mechanical action and a total of 48 stops with electric action.
On the walls are three busts of the former directors Hermann Kretzschmar and Carl Thiel, and the choir director of the State and Cathedral Choir Berlin Hugo Rüdel.
* Bronze busts in the auditorium
* Hermann Kretzschmar
* Carl Thiel
* Hugo Rüdel

## Well-known students and staff

Well-known students of the institute were Franz Commer, Gustav Heuser, Carl Albert Löschhorn, Wilhelm Middelschulte, and Joseph Ahrens. Justus Hermann Wetzel was one of the teachers between 1926 and 1937.

## Library

The extensive institute library, which goes back to the valuable private library of Johann Nikolaus Forkel and which was taken over by the Royal Library in 1845, was well known.
# Pterolophia hebridarum

Pterolophia hebridarum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938.
# Aphthona herbigrada

Aphthona herbigrada is a species of leaf beetles from the subfamily Galerucinae. It is found in Western, Southern and the southern part of Central Europe as well as Algeria. Adult beetles and their larvae feed on leaves of Helianthemum nummularium and Cistaceae species.
# Castra of Albești

Castra of Albești was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia in the 3rd century AD. Its ruins are located in Albești (commune Poboru, Romania).
# SkyRace Internazionale Valmalenco Valposchiavo

The SkyRace Internazionale Valmalenco Valposchiavo was an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2002 and for the last time in 2013. It is held every year in June from Lanzada (Valmalenco, Italy) to Poschiavo (Switzerland) and was valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

## Editions

Five times the race was valid as SkyRace for the Skyrunner World Series, one of these was part of the Skyrunner World Series Trails.
| Year | Edition | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time | Notes |
| 2002 | 1st | Dennis Brunod | 2:46:24 | Gloriana Pellissier | 3:33:19 | |
| 2003 | 2nd | Ricardo Mejia | 3:18:34 | Gisella Bendotti | 4:22:50 | |
| 2004 | 3rd | Dennis Brunod | 2:44:00 | Manuela Brizio | 3:24:00 | |
| 2005 | 4th | Ricardo Mejia | 2:34:39 | Manuela Brizio | 3:20:33 | |
| 2006 | 5th | Helmut Schissel | 2:41:10 | Angela Mudge | 3:10:18 | REC women |
| 2007 | 6th | Marco De Gasperi | 2:32:03 | Pierangela Baronchelli | 3:21:07 | REC men |
| 2008 | 7th | Kilian Jornet Burgada | 2:43:16 | Angela Mudge | 3:10:40 | Short race |
| 2009 | 8th | Robert Krupicka | 1:49:54 | Anna Pichrtova | 2:08:35 | |
| 2010 | 9th | Helmut Schissel | 2:43:56 | Angela Mudge | 3:18:49 | |
| 2011 | 10th | Robert Krupicka | 2:39:59 | Oihana Kortazar Aranzeta | 3:18:46 | |
| 2012 | 11th | Robert Krupicka | 1:20:40 | Emanuela Brizio | 1:14:33 | 16 km |
| 2013 | 12th | Saul Antonio Padua | 2:07:29 | Silvia Serafini | 2:39:45 | 26 km |