OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Special Allocation Scheme

The Special Allocation Scheme (SAS) is a process within the National Health Service in England, that allows general practitioners to deny their patients access to their general practice and others general practice if they think a patient's behaviour is aggressive or violent, limiting a patient's access to primary care to centres that have mitigations for risk of violence.$^{:p166}$
The scheme was previous referred to as the Violent Patient Scheme (VPS). There were 1686 referrals of patients to the scheme in 2018 in England.

## Legislation

The legal rights of a GP to remove a patient in response to violence or behaviour causing fear of violence that is reported to the police was created by secondary legislation applying to the National Health Service Act 1977.$^{:23}$
The provision of services for patients barred from non-emergency medicine, was created by secondary legislation applying to the National Health Service Act 1977, by The National Health Service (Improved Access, Quality Information Preparation and Violent Patients Schemes) (England) Regulations 2003 to provide general medical services to patients immediately removed from a GP practice due to "act or threat of violence".$^{:6.2.1}$

## Behaviours where the SAS does not apply

Primary care guidance states referral to the scheme should not be used lightly and should not be used for minor incidents or for behavior that could be ascribed to health conditions which could be alleviated through care management and treatment.$^{:6.4.1,6.4.2}$ The scheme does not normally cover swearing, invasion of personal space, shouting, banging on a desk or a previously non-aggressive patient who is clearly suffering mental or physical anguish. It also does not cover incidents in a hospital or community setting.$^{:6.4.10–15}$

## Appeal and review

Primary care guidance state that there should be an appeal process and this appeal should occur within 28 days and if appropriate allow for a patient to be represented,$^{:6.4.26}$ but that removal occurs prior to an appeal.$^{:6.4.25}$
In South West England, patients are entitled to appeal, but must appeal within a month of being referred to the special allocation scheme. A panel will then be held within 28 days involving healthcare staff. A review of patients is made each year, and if the panel deems the patient to not present a risk to health staff they are removed from the scheme.$^{:26}$
# Henry Bonham

Henry Bonham may refer to:
* Henry Bonham (cricketer) (1749–1800), English cricketer who played for Hampshire
* Henry Bonham (politician) (1765–1830), English politician, MP for Leominster 1806–12, Sandwich 1824–26, Rye 1826–30
# Baptism of Christ (Perugino, Città della Pieve)

Baptism of Christ is a c.1510 painting of the Baptism of Christ by Pietro Perugino. He produced it for the chapel of St John the Baptist in Città della Pieve Cathedral, where it still hangs. Unusually for a depiction of this subject, it does not show the face of God the Father. A multi-coloured marble frame was added in the Baroque period and a copy of Perugino's self-portrait now hangs another wall in the chapel.
It was restored in 1821 by Colarieti Tosti, in 1962 by Giovanni Mancini and finally in 2010. It has not been kept in the best environmental conditions and the wood has started to crack and the colours to peel and lift.
# Henkel's leaf-tailed gecko

Henkel's leaf-tailed gecko (Uroplatus henkeli), also known commonly as Henkel's flat-tailed gecko or the frilled leaf-tail gecko, is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Madagascar.

## Geographic range

U. henkeli is found in primary forest on the island of Nosy Bé near Madagascar, as well as on the mainland of Madagascar itself, in the region of Ankaranafantsika.

## Behaviour

Henkel's leaf-tailed gecko lives an arboreal lifestyle, venturing down to the ground only to lay eggs in soft soil and leaf litter.

## Description

There are two different morphs of U. henkeli, the Nosy Bé form and the mainland Madagascar form, and they can be distinguished by their colouration patterns, though these are not always reliable. Reaching a total length (including tail) of 280 mm (11 in), this is one of largest species in the genus.

## Diet

Henkel's flat-tailed gecko is insectivorous, but will also eat snails if they are found.

## Etymology

The generic name, Uroplatus, is a Latinization of two Greek words: "ourá" (οὐρά) meaning "tail" and "platys" (πλατύς) meaning "flat". The specific name, henkeli, is a Latinization of German herpetologist Friedrich-Wilhelm Henkel's last name.

## Threats

Henkel's leaf-tailed gecko is currently classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. Habitat destruction and deforestation in Madagascar is the primary threat to this animal's future as well as collection for the pet trade. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) lists all of the Uroplatus species on their "Top ten most wanted species list" of animals threatened by illegal wildlife trade, because of it "being captured and sold at alarming rates for the international pet trade". It is a CITES Appendix 2 protected animal.
# Sabdharatnajyoti Saravanamuttu

Lieutenant Colonel Sabdharatnajyoti "Thambirajah" Saravanamuttu, MBE (1898 – 17 July 1957; also known as S. Sara) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician, military officer, cricketer and sports administrator.

## Early life and family

Saravanamuttu was born in 1898 in Colombo, Ceylon. He was the son of Vetharniam Saravanamuttu, a physician from Colombo. His mother's family were from Vaddukoddai in northern Ceylon. His paternal grandfather Vetharniam is reputed to be the founder of Chunnakam, a small town in northern Ceylon. Saravanamuttu had five eminent brothers: Ratnasothy, Nanasothy, Tharmasothy, Paikiasothy and Manicasothy. He was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia where he was captain of the cricket team (1916–18) and scored the fastest century in Ceylon. He was also head prefect and boxing champion at S. Thomas. He then joined St Catharine's College, Cambridge to study engineering. He played cricket at Cambridge between 1921 and 1923 but failed to win a blue for Cambridge University Cricket Club.

## Career

Saravanamuttu was a member of Colombo Municipal Council from May 1937 to December 1946. Saravanamuttu served in the Ceylon Defense Force during World War II, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was in command of one of the two Ceylon Light Infantry battalions deployed along the eastern coast of Ceylon to protect against Japanese invasion. After the war he qualified as a lawyer and practised law.
Saravanamuttu was captain of the Ceylon national cricket team twice and of Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club in 1934 and from 1936 to 1941. He played in the European-Ceylonese Test series and for Ceylon against Australia, New Zealand and Marylebone Cricket Club. He was president of the Board of Control for Cricket in Ceylon.
Saravanamuttu was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the 1953 Coronation Honours. He died on 17 July 1957 in Colombo aged 59.
# Glyphipterix platyochra

Glyphipterix platyochra is a species of sedge moth in the genus Glyphipterix. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. It is found in Brazil.
# Setsuro Ebashi

Setsuro Ebashi MJA ForMemRS (江橋 節郎, Ebashi Setsurō, 31 August 1922 Tokyo – 17 July 2006 Okazaki) was a prominent Japanese physiologist who uncovered the regulatory role of calcium in cells. He is famous for the discovery of troponin in 1965, which is integral to muscle contraction, as well as for the contribution of diagnosis of muscular dystrophy.

## Life

Ebashi was born in Tokyo, and received his medical degree in 1944 and Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Tokyo. He was Guest Investigator of the Rockefeller Institute in New York City from January to December 1959, where he studied with Fritz Lipmann.
Ebashi was Professor and Chair of Pharmacology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo from May 1959 until March 1983, as well as Professor and Chair of Biophysics at the School of Science from May 1971 to March 1983. He trained many graduate students and postdoctorals who later became leading figures in basic medical sciences in Japan, including Tomoh Masaki who discovered Endothelin in 1988.
After retiring from the University of Tokyo and becoming Professor Emeritus, Ebashi was offered a professorship in the National Institute for Physiological Sciences in Okazaki. He became Director-General of National Institute for Physiological Sciences in April 1985, and President of Okazaki National Institutes including National Institute for Physiological Sciences in March 1991.

## Recognition

Ebashi was awarded several honors including, the 1968 Asahi Prize, the 1972 Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy, the 1999 International Prize for Biology, the Order of the Sacred Treasure, and an Order of Culture. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1977 and a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1978.

## Setsuro Ebashi Award

Since 2007 the Japanese Pharmacological Society has awarded the Setsuro Ebashi Award to researchers who made a considerable achievement in the field of pharmacology in honor of Setsuro Ebashi who contributed on a global scale to the field of biomedical research. Shinya Yamanaka, the 2008 Setsuro Ebashi Award winner, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012.

## Publications

* Hiroshi Yoshida, Yashiro Hagihara, Setsuro Ebashi (ed) Advances in pharmacology and therapeutics II Pergamon, 1982, ISBN 978-0-08-028022-6
* Novel developments on genetic recombination: dna double-strand break and dna end-joining, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, 2004
* Setsuro Ebashi, E. Ozawa (ed) Muscular Dystrophy: Biomedical Aspects, Springer Verlag, 1983, ISBN 978-0-387-12342-4
* Protein array: an alternative biomolecular system Japan Scientific Soc. Press, 1997
* Muscle elastic proteins, Japan Scientific Soc. Press, 1996
# Centre for Appropriate Technology (Australia)

The Centre for Appropriate Technology Inc (CfAT) is an Australian Indigenous-controlled not-for-profit organisation based in Alice Springs, Northern Territory, established in 1980. It aims to improve the lives of Indigenous Australians, using appropriate technology to improve their access to a range services.
There is also a branch office in Cairns, Queensland.
CfAT operated its renewable energy program called Bushlight between 2002 and 2013, under which it installed more than 130 renewable energy systems across remote areas of Northern Territory, Western Australia, and Queensland.
# Kobbvika

Kobbvika is a village in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located near the mouth of the Efjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the Efjord Bridges, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the village of Ballangen. The island of Barøya lies about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of the village. Efjord Chapel is located in this village.
# Barton Heights Cemeteries

Barton Heights Cemeteries is a set of six contiguous historic African-American cemeteries located in Richmond, Virginia, though were originally part of Henrico County. The cemeteries are the Cedarwood, originally called Phoenix and established in 1815, Union Mechanics, Methodist, Sycamore, Ebenezer, and Sons and Daughters of Ham cemeteries. The cemeteries were established between 1815 and circa 1879, and include hundreds of burials.
The cemeteries were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
# Hellinsia distinctus

Hellinsia distinctus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is found from Europe to India, Korea, Japan, China and Russia. Within Europe, it is found from Germany and the Benelux east to Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania, from Italy north to Fennoscandia, and in Greece, Estonia, Latvia and northern and central Russia.
The wingspan is 15–20 millimetres (0.59–0.79 in).
The larvae feed on Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Omalotheca sylvatica, Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia chamaemelifolia.
# Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research

The Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research (formerly The Centre for Bhutan Studies) is a research institute located in Thimphu, Bhutan, established in 1999 with the purpose of promoting research and scholarship in Bhutan.
The president of the centre is Dasho Karma Ura.

## Publications
### Periodical

Since 1999 the centre has regularly published an English language academic journal Journal of Bhutan Studies. PDF copies of articles published in this journal are freely available online. Articles cover not only the history of Bhutan but also issues to do with Gross National Happiness.

### Books

* Choden, Tashi; Desel, Pema; Dorji, Lham; Kinga, Sonam; Penjore, Dorji (2003), Secret Ballots in Rural Heartland: Gup Elections, 2002, Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies, ISBN 99936-14-09-7
* Phuntsho, Jigme (2017), Fruits of Happiness: How Horticulture Enhances GNH in Mongar, Bhutan, Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies, ISBN 978-99936-14-87-6
* Ura, Karma; Alike, Sabina; Zangmo, Tshoki; Wangdi, Karma (2012), A Short Guide to Gross National Happiness Index, Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies, ISBN 978-99936-14-66-1
# Megachile mendanae

Megachile mendanae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1911.
# Kohoku, Shiga

Kohoku (湖北町, Kohoku-chō) was a town located in Higashiazai District, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. The ruins of Odani Castle are located in Kohoku.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,745 and a density of 300.72 persons per km$^2$. The total area was 29.08 km$^2$.
On January 1, 2010, Kohoku, along with the towns of Torahime (also from Higashiazai District), and the towns of Kinomoto, Nishiazai, Takatsuki and Yogo (all from Ika District), was merged into the expanded city of Nagahama. Higashiazai District and Ika District were both dissolved as a result of this merger.
# Tanystylum

Tanystylum is a genus of pycnogonids in the family Ammotheidae.

## Species

The following species are classified in this genus:
* Tanystylum acuminatum Stock, 1954
* Tanystylum antipodum Clark, 1977
* Tanystylum beuroisi Arnaud, 1974
* Tanystylum bigibbosum Fage & Stock, 1966
* Tanystylum birkelandi Child, 1979
* Tanystylum bredini Child, 1970
* Tanystylum brevicaudatum Fage & Stock, 1966
* Tanystylum brevipes (Hoek, 1881)
* Tanystylum calicirostrum Schimkewitsch, 1890
* Tanystylum californicum Hilton, 1939
* Tanystylum cavidorsum Stock, 1957
* Tanystylum chierchiai Schimkewitsch, 1887
* Tanystylum cinctum Child, 1992
* Tanystylum conirostre (Dohrn, 1881)
* Tanystylum distinctum Child & Hedgpeth, 1971
* Tanystylum dohrnii Schimkewitsch, 1890
* Tanystylum dowi Child, 1979
* Tanystylum duospinum Hilton, 1939
* Tanystylum evelinae Marcus, 1940
* Tanystylum excuratum Stock, 1954
* Tanystylum geminum Stock, 1954
* Tanystylum grossifemorum (Hilton, 1942)
* Tanystylum haswelli Child, 1990
* Tanystylum hoekianum Schimkewitsch, 1889
* Tanystylum hooperi Clark, 1977
* Tanystylum hummelincki Stock, 1954
* Tanystylum ingrallis Sabroux, 2022
* Tanystylum intermedium Cole, 1904
* Tanystylum isabellae Marcus, 1940
* Tanystylum isthmiacum Stock, 1955
* Tanystylum lamonti Saples, 2019
* Tanystylum malpelensis Child, 1979
* Tanystylum neorhetum Marcus, 1940
* Tanystylum nesiotes Child, 1970
* Tanystylum occidentalis Cole, 1904
* Tanystylum oedinotum Loman, 1923
* Tanystylum orbiculare Wilson, 1878
* Tanystylum ornatum Flynn, 1928
* Tanystylum papuensis Child, 1996
* Tanystylum paramexicanum Müller & Krapp, 2009
* Tanystylum pfefferi Loman, 1923
* Tanystylum philippinensis Child, 1988
* Tanystylum rehderi Child, 1970
* Tanystylum scrutator Stock, 1954
* Tanystylum sinoabductus Bamber, 1992
* Tanystylum styligerum (Miers, 1875)
* Tanystylum tayronae Müller & Krapp, 2009
* Tanystylum thermophilum Barnard, 1946
* Tanystylum ulreungum Kim, 1983
* Tanystylum zuytdorpi Arango, 2009
# Khadija Yaken

Khadija Yaken (Arabic: خديجة يكن) (born in 1972 in Casablanca, Morocco), is a Moroccan writer. Her works of prose and poetry in both the Arabic and Amazigh language, occupy official site affairs Amazigh literature in the Morocco Writers Union.

## Early life and education

She was born in Casablanca to a family of origin from Souss. She received her education at the schools of Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakchi, Uqba ibn Nafi, and her university education at Hassan II University.

## Her literary career

She began writing the story in the 1990s and in 1994 published her first text, "When Carmina Burana Flows", which won the 1998 ISESCO Prize for Fiction. later published the novel "Bosnian Days", which won the Sudanese Altayeb Salih Prize for Written Creativity" in 2018.
She published three Amazigh collections, and their titles are as follows: Diwan Elodi (The Chrysanthemum), the first Amazigh women's publication in the Souss-Massa region, Diwan Togot Tagburt (the ancient scent), and Divan Oum Asif Izhevin (like a long river). Then the novel "Titrit n' Tiwdish" (The Sunset Star), She later went on to write in Amazigh and published in 2009 her first poetic work, "Elodi" (The Chrysanthemum), which is the first Amazigh women's publication in the Souss-Massa region. and 2010, and also the book "Umm Asif Izhevin" (such as a long river), and in 2011 the novel "Tatar n Teoosh" (The Sunset Star) was published.
She has also published separate stories in Arabic and Amazigh in different newspapers and websites, and has writings and positions dealing with the Amazigh identity issue and women's issues.
She recited her poems in various events, including the "World Poetry Day" organized by the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture in Rabat in 2010, the Federation of Feminist Action in Kenitra, the Voice of Amazigh Women in Rabat, Timgarine in Casablanca.

## Awards

* 1996 ISESCO Prize for the Best Story from the Islamic World, for the story "When Carmina Burana Flows"
* 2010 Appreciation Award from the Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture
* 2018 Al-Tayeb Al-Saleh International Prize for Written Creativity in Sudan for her short story collection “Bosnian Days”
# Belt hook

The belt hook is a device for fastening that predates the belt buckle.

## History
### East Asia

The earliest archaeological evidence of belt hooks date to the 7th century BCE, in East Asia. Belt hooks were made with bronze, iron, gold, and jade. Texts from Warring States period China claim that the belt hook originates from Central Asian nomads, although belt hooks have been found in China predating the Warring States. The equestrian tradition, initially foreign to China, was tightly related to wearing belted pants, thus belt hooks became one of the features of "barbaric" exoticism. As such, the hooks became an object of aesthetic contemplation. For example, Qu Yuan (c. 340-278 BCE) compares beautiful women to the belt hooks xianbei (鮮卑).

### Europe

Belt hooks have also been found in Celtic archaeological sites.
# Tangoa (island)

Tangoa is an island in Vanuatu, in the Pacific Ocean. It is located off the southern coast of Vanuatu's largest island Espiritu Santo in Sanma Province. The local inhabitants speak the Tangoa language.

## Education

The Teachers' Training Institute (later renamed the Tangoa Training Institute) operated on the island from 1895 to 1970, when the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu established a Presbyterian Bible College there. This operated from 1971 to 1986, when it merged with the Aulua Theological Training Centre to form the Talua Ministry Training Centre.
# Megachile melanopyga

Megachile melanopyga is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It is found in Europe.
# Kohoku

Kohoku may refer to:
* Kohoku, Shiga
* Kōhoku, Saga
* Kōhoku-ku, Yokohama
# Tasmania First Party

The Tasmania First Party is a minor Australian political party which operates exclusively in the state of Tasmania. The party was begun by members of the Tasmanian Firearms Owners Association in response to the Howard government's 1996 National Firearms Agreement, which the party called a "unilateral imposition of unnecessarily restrictive firearm legislation, following the unique tragedy of Martin Bryant's Port Arthur protest[sic]."
Tasmania First contested its first election in August 1998, the Tasmanian state election. The party received 5.1% of the primary vote for the House of Assembly but failed to win any seats. Tasmania First subsequently contested the Australian federal elections in 1998 and 2001, as well as Tasmanian state elections in 2002 and 2006, but its primary vote in these elections was very modest compared to the party's initial effort in 1998. The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) deregistered Tasmania First as a registered political party on 28 April 2006, because the party had not contested a federal election in over four years(an AEC requirement, which must be met if parties are to retain their registration at the national level).
In August 1998, The Examiner of Launceston referred to Tasmania First as "a sort of local mirror image of One Nation". Tasmania First called this "defamatory" and demanded a retraction, threatening legal proceedings against the newspaper.
In 2001 the party declared itself "a natural partner to Brian Harradine in the Senate, where we have many policies in common, being a State based party with the interests of Tasmania our first priority."
Tasmania First fielded four candidates in the 2006 Tasmanian state election; one in Bass, one in Lyons, and two in Denison.
Note: The party should not be confused with the First Party of Tasmania, a minor political organisation whose policies include the secession of Tasmania from Australia.
# This Is Billy Butler!

This Is Billy Butler! is the debut album by guitarist Billy Butler which was recorded in 1968 and released by Prestige Records.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating "It took the Philadelphian 43 years to record as a leader, and this excellent LP proved that he was certainly up to the task".

## Personnel

* Billy Butler – guitar, bass guitar
* Houston Person – tenor saxophone
* Ernie Hayes – piano, organ
* Bob Bushnell – bass guitar
* Rudy Collins – drums
# Glyptemoda

Glyptemoda is a genus of land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Helicinidae. It is endemic to Cuba. The genus is monotypic, the only species being Glyptemoda torrei (Henderson, 1909). However, two subspecies are recognized:
* Glyptemoda torrei freirei (Clench & Aguayo, 1950)
* Glyptemoda torrei torrei (J. B. Henderson, 1909)
Glyptemoda torrei torrei can reach almost 30 mm (1.2 in) in size, whereas Glyptemoda torrei freirei is smaller.
# Theresimima

Theresimima is a genus of moths. T. ampellophaga, the vine bud moth, is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. It is found from Algeria, Spain and southern France through most of southern Europe to the northern coast of the Black Sea. In the north, it ranges up to Hungary and Slovakia and in the east, the range extends to the southern part of European Russia, the western Caucasus and Transcaucasia, through Turkey, Lebanon and Syria to Israel.
The length of the forewings is 8.5–12 mm for males and 7.5–11.5 mm for females.
The larvae feed the leaves of Vitis vinifera, Parthenocissus vitacea and Parthenocissus quinquefolia. They have been considered an important pest for wine production since Roman times.
# Belt transect

Belt transects are used in biology, more specifically in biostatistics, to estimate the distribution of organisms in relation to a certain area, such as the seashore or a meadow.
The belt transect method is similar to the line transect method but gives information on abundance as well as presence, or absence of species.

## Method

The method involves laying out a transect line and then placing quadrats over the line, starting the quadrat at the first marked point of the line. Any consistent measurement size for the quadrat and length of the line can be chosen, depending on the species. With the quadrats applied, all the individuals of a species can be counted, and the species abundance can be estimated. The method is also suitable for long-term observations with a permanent installation.