OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bowater v Northwest London Hospitals NHS Trust

Bowater v Northwest London Hospitals NHS Trust [2011] EWCA Civ 63 is a UK labour law case, concerning unfair dismissal.

## Facts

An employer argued a nurse who, while physically restraining a naked patient, said “It's been a few months since I have been in this position with a man underneath me” was lewd and deserved dismissal for her misconduct. The Tribunal said the dismissal was unfair.

## Judgment

The Court of Appeal held the Tribunal had competently exercised its discretion in granting the unfair dismissal claim.
# Kowan languages

The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, and first identified by Malcolm Ross.
The languages are Waskia, with 20,000 speakers, and Korak, with 500.
# XII Riigikogu

XII Riigikogu was the twelfth legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 2011 election.

## Election results

| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| Estonian Reform Party | 164,255 | 28.6 | 33 | +2 |
| Estonian Centre Party | 134,124 | 23.3 | 26 | –3 |
| Pro Patria and Res Publica Union | 118,023 | 20.5 | 23 | +4 |
| Social Democratic Party | 98,307 | 17.1 | 19 | +9 |
| Estonian Greens | 21,824 | 3.8 | 0 | –6 |
| People's Union of Estonia | 12,184 | 2.1 | 0 | –6 |
| Russian Party in Estonia | 5,029 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Party of Estonian Christian Democrats | 2,934 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Estonian Independence Party | 2,571 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Independents | 15,882 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 5,131 | – | – | – |
| Total | 580,264 | 100 | 101 | 0 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 913,346 | 63.5 | – | – |
| Source: VVK |||||

## Officers

Speaker of the Riigikogu: Ene Ergma and later Eiki Nestor.
# Mangbetu languages

The Mangbetu–Asoa or Mangbetu languages of the Central Sudanic language family are a cluster of closely related languages spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The languages are Mangbetu, spoken by perhaps a million people, and the smaller Lombi and Asoa.
Blench (2000) considers Lombi to be part of the Mangbetu dialect continuum. Asoa is spoken by Pygmies.
Proto-Mangbetu has been reconstructed by Demolin (1992).

## Comparative vocabulary

Mangbetu-Asua languages comparative lexicon:
| Gloss | Asua | Mangbetu | Nabulu | Lombi | Makere | Malele |
| bee | ángíyé | nɛ́ngágɪ̀ | nɛ́ngágɪ́zè | nɛ́ngágì | nɛ́ngágɪ̀ | nɛ́ngágɪ̀ |
| animal | élíè | nérí | nélí | nérí | nérí | nérí |
| tree | kílílɛ̀yɛ̀ | nèkírè | nèkílè | néhò | nèkílè | néhò |
| mouth | tíkpòè | nètíkpò | nètíkpò | nètí | nɛ̀kɔ́rɔ́ | nèkóró |
| arm | tɛ̂ | nɛ́tɛ́ | nɛ́tɛ́ | nɛ́tɛ́ | nɛ́tɛ́ | nɛ́tɛ́ |
| goat | àmɛ́mɛ̂ | nàmɛ́mɛ́ | nàmɛ́mɛ́ | nàmyɛ́myɛ́ | nàmɛ́mɛ́ | nàmɛ́mɛ́ |
| dog | ísìyɛ̀ | nésì | nésì | nésì | nésì | nésì |
| horn | lígá | néígá | néégá | nálígá | náágá | náɛ́gá |
| to cultivate | ɔ̀ʔà | nɔ̀ʔà | nɔ̀ʔà | nɔ̀ʔà | nɔ̀ʔà | nɔ̀ʔà |
| water | gwò | ègwò | ègwò | ègwò | ègwò | ègwò |
| elephant | ʊ̀kɔ̀ | nɔ́kɔ̀ | nɔ́kɔ̀ | nɔ́kɔ̀ | nɔ́kɔ̀ | nɔ́kɔ̀ |
| iron | kídígwá | néímbá | nèèmbà | èdùmòòmà | náámbá | náɛ́mbá |
| arrow | líkámʊ́ɛ̀ | nɛ̀vàngà | nɛ̀vàngà | nɛ̀mbààngú | nɛ̀vàngà | nɛ̀vàngà |
# Man Accused

Man Accused is a 1959 British second feature ('B') crime film directed by Mongomery Tully and starring Ronald Howard and Carol Marsh. The screenplay was by Mark Grantham. It was written by Mark Grantham and produced by The Danzigers.

## Plot

Bob Jensen becomes engaged to Kathy, a baronet's daughter, but finds himself framed for murder and consequently imprisoned. He manages to break out of jail, and begins a search for the real killers.

## Cast

* Ronald Howard as Bob Jensen
* Carol Marsh as Kathy
* Ian Fleming as Sir Thomas
* Catharina Ferraz as Anna
* Robert Dorning as Beckett
* Stuart Saunders as Curran
* Brian Nissen as Derek
* Kenneth Edwardes as Hawkins the butler
* Colin Tapley as Inspector
* Howard Lang as Sergeant
* Gordon Needham as constable
* Graham Ashley as warder

## Critical reception

The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "Variably acted and tamely presented, this conventional frame-up tale relies chiefly on the story line to hold the attention. In its un-exacting fashion it does so until a ludicrous escape scene destroys all interest in the outcome."
In British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959 David Quinlan rated the film as “poor” and wrote: "Careless presentation and a tired format that’s played out.''
Chibnall and McFarlane in The British 'B' Film called the film "mildly twisty", adding that Carol Marsh was "a more distinctively distraught heroine than most".
TV Guide wrote: "this poorly-made work follows every convention of its hackneyed wronged-man plot and ultimately offers nothing at all."
# Mangekyō Kirakira

"Mangekyō Kirakira" (万華鏡キラキラ) is the J-pop duo Rythem's fifth single. It was released on May 26, 2004 under Sony Music Entertainment Japan label. The title track was used as the theme song for Nippon Television's drama entitled Hikari to Tomo ni... ~Jiheishouji wo Kakaete~. This single was able to reach the #12 spot in the Oricon weekly making it Rythem's second most successful single to date.
The item's stock number is AICL-1534.

## Track listing

* Mangekyō Kirakira
    Composition/lyrics: Rythem
    Arrangement: Chokkaku
* Rapunzel
    Composition/lyrics: Rythem
    Arrangement: Chokkaku
* Mangekyō Kirakira (instrumental)
* Rapunzel (instrumental)
* This 2000s Japanese single–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Mangel, Nigeria

Mangel is a village in the Vandeikya LGA, Benue State, of Nigeria, West Africa. It is located on the River Undiel and occupied by members of the Tiv people who speak the Tiv language.
# Bower (surname)

Bower is a Scottish and English surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrian Bower (born 1970), English actor
* Archibald Bower (1686–1766), Scottish historian
* B. M. Bower (1871–1940), American novelist
* Billy Bower (1887–1954), English footballer
* Caroline Bower, Australian medical researcher and professor of medicine
* David Bower (born 1969), Welsh actor
* Edward Bower (1635–1667), English portrait painter
* Emma Eliza Bower (1852–1937) American physician, club-woman, and newspaper owner, publisher, editor
* Frederick Orpen Bower (1855–1948), English botanist
* Graham John Bower (1848–1933), Irish diplomat
* Gordon H. Bower (1932–2020), American cognitive psychologist
* Hetty Bower (1905–2013), English activist
* Iris Bower (1915–2005), a Royal Air Force nurse
* James Campbell Bower (born 1988), English actor, singer, and model
* Jeff Bower (American football) (born 1953), American football coach
* Jeff Bower (basketball) (born 1961), American basketball executive
* Johnny Bower (1924–2017), Canadian hockey goaltender
* John Nott-Bower (1892–1972), British policeman
* Lester Bower (1947–2015), American mass murderer
* Louisa Nott-Bower (née Yorke, 1861–1925), Welsh archer
* Mark Bower (born 1980), English footballer
* Marvin Bower (1903–2003), American lawyer
* Matthew Bower, British musician
* Michael Bower (born 1975), American actor
* Norman Adolph Henry Bower (1907–1990), British politician
* Paul Bower (born 1988), Australian rules footballer
* Robert Bower (disambiguation), multiple people
* Scott Bower (born 1978), American soccer player
* Shane Bower (wrestler) (1965–2007), Canadian professional Wrestler
* Steve Bower, English radio presenter
* Thomas Bower (1838–1919), English architect
* Tom Bower (born 1946), British writer
* Tom Bower (actor) (born 1938), American actor
* Walter Bower (c.1385–1449), Scottish chronicler
# Three Problems for Solar Pons

Three Problems for Solar Pons is a collection of detective fiction short stories by American writer August Derleth. It was released in 1952 by Mycroft & Moran in an edition of 996 copies. It was the third collection of Derleth's Solar Pons stories which are pastiches of the Sherlock Holmes tales of Arthur Conan Doyle. The book was intended as an interim collection and all the stories are reprinted in The Return of Solar Pons. Because of the low print run, it is the scarcest Mycroft & Moran book.
The dustjacket was by artist Ronald Clyne.

## Contents

Three Problems for Solar Pons contains the following tales:
* "A Note for the Aficionado"
* "The Adventure of the Rydberg Numbers"
* "The Adventure of the Remarkable Worm"
* "The Adventure of the Camberwell Beauty"

## Sources

* Jaffery, Sheldon (1989). The Arkham House Companion. Mercer Island, WA: Starmont House, Inc. p. 42. ISBN 1-55742-005-X.
* Chalker, Jack L.; Mark Owings (1998). The Science-Fantasy Publishers: A Bibliographic History, 1923-1998. Westminster, MD and Baltimore: Mirage Press, Ltd. p. 844.
* Joshi, S.T. (1999). Sixty Years of Arkham House: A History and Bibliography. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House. p. 179. ISBN 0-87054-176-5.
* Nielsen, Leon (2004). Arkham House Books: A Collector's Guide. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 150. ISBN 0-7864-1785-4.
* This article about a collection of mystery short stories published in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Xeropicta

Xeropicta is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies.

## Distribution

The distribution of the genus Xeropicta includes south-eastern Europe to Near East and north-eastern Africa.
Species in this genus have not yet become established in the US, but they are considered to represent potentially serious threats as pests, invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that these species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.

## Description

The shell is always white with brown spiral bands. The shell is medium-sized to small with a subdepressed to subconoidal spire. The umbilicus is open.

### Reproductive system

There is a presence of two symmetrical dart sacs and two long accessory sacs, which are always longer than the dart sacs. There are four branched mucous glands around the vagina and penis is with penial appendix at its base. Penis is innervated from the right cerebral ganglion.

## Species

Species within the genus Xeropicta include:
* Xeropicta akrotirica Gittenberger, 1991
* Xeropicta candaharica (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
* Xeropicta carmelensis Forcart, 1976
* Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki, 1836)
* Xeropicta ilanae Forcart, 1981
* Xeropicta krynickii (Krynicki, 1833) - type species
* Xeropicta ledereri (Pfeiffer, 1856)
* Xeropicta mesopotamica (Mousson, 1874)
* Xeropicta parableta (O. Boettger, 1881)
* Xeropicta smyrnocretica (Germain, 1933)
* Xeropicta vestalis (Pfeiffer, 1841)
* Xeropicta zeevbari Mienis & Rittner, 2020

### Synonym

* Xeropicta tiflisiana Lindholm, 1913: synonym of Kalitinaia tiflisiana (Lindholm, 1913)
* Xeropicta vestalis joppensis
# Xeropigo

Xeropigo is a genus of South American and Caribbean corinnid sac spiders first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1882.

## Species

As of April 2019 it contains seventeen species:
* Xeropigo aitatu Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo brescoviti De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Bolivia
* Xeropigo cajuina Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo camilae De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Brazil
* Xeropigo candango De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Brazil
* Xeropigo canga Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo cotijuba De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Guiana, Brazil
* Xeropigo crispim Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo oxente Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo pachitea De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Peru, Brazil
* Xeropigo perene De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Peru, Brazil
* Xeropigo piripiri Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
* Xeropigo rheimsae De Souza & Bonaldo, 2007 – Brazil
* Xeropigo smedigari (Caporiacco, 1955) – Venezuela, Trinidad
* Xeropigo tridentiger (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) (type) – USA, Caribbean to Brazil, St. Helena
** Xeropigo t. reichardti (Strand, 1916) – Cayman Is. (Grand Cayman)
* Xeropigo ufo Carvalho, Shimano, Candiani & Bonaldo, 2016 – Brazil
# Xeroplexa

Xeroplexa is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies.
Xeroplexa species were within genus Candidula until a molecular phylogeny revealed the polyphyly of Candidula, and the genus Xeroplexa Monterosato, 1892 was recovered.

## Distribution

The genus is mainly distributed along western Iberian Peninsula, although X. intersecta spreads from northern Iberian Peninsula to central Europe and British Islands.

## Species

Species within the genus Xeroplexa include:
* Xeroplexa arrabidensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
* Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880)
* Xeroplexa carrapateirensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
* Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010)
* Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801)
* Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880)
* Xeroplexa ponsulensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014)
* Xeroplexa scabiosula (Locard, 1899)
* Xeroplexa setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850) type species
* Xeroplexa strucki (Maltzan, 1886)
# Brachycythara turrita

Brachycythara turrita, is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species can be found in Miocene strata of the Chotawhatchee Formation of Florida, USA.
# Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza

The Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza is a performing arts center and city hall for the city of Thousand Oaks, California. Across Thousand Oaks Boulevard from Gardens of the World, the site is considered the downtown core of the city. City hall includes Planning and Building Department, Public Works and other city departments. A park within the site is named for Richard Carpenter and his wife Mary.
The immediate areas surrounding Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza was among the first populated parts of the Conejo Valley. The site, which was previously home to the Jungleland USA theme park, was home to some of the valley's first settlements in the 19th century. Prior to the settlers, the area was inhabited by the Chumash Native-Americans.

## Structure

Constructed in 1994 at cost of $63.8 million, the site was formerly Jungleland. The project was designed by AIA Gold Medal architect Antoine Predock in combined Postmodern and Modern architecture styles including large sculptures mounted to the sides of the building.
The 210,000 sq. ft. building is ornamented with Indian sandstone. At its highest, the building towers ten stories; at its lowest, 22 feet under ground where it is anchored in volcanic rock. The site was home to a Chumash summer camp in pre-colonial times, known as Ipuc (Ven-654). In the 19th century, the site was land which belonged to Egbert Starr Newbury where he established the Conejo Valley's first post office.

## Performing arts center

Bank of America Performing Arts Center includes the Fred Kavli Theatre, an 1,800-seat theater Kavli Theatre and the 394-seat Janet & Ray Scherr Forum. Notable performers here have included Switchfoot, Jason Mraz, Paul Anka, Colbie Caillat, Vince Gill, Art Garfunkel, Kenny Rogers, The Beach Boys, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Sara Evans, Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, and Peter, Paul and Mary. Entertainers such as Liza Minnelli, Bill Cosby, David Copperfield, B. B. King, Sheryl Crow, Mikhail Baryshnikov, David Foster, and Jonathan Antoine have also performed.
Music director Elmer Ramsey was instrumental in the development of the Thousand Oaks Civic Arts Plaza. The New West Symphony is the resident orchestra. They are also resident orchestra of the Oxnard Performing Arts Center and Santa Monica's Barnum Hall.
# Boya, Western Australia

Boya is a locality on the Darling Scarp, in the Shire of Mundaring, Western Australia; it is on the south side of Greenmount Hill, and just west of Darlington.
The name of Boya is a local Noongar word meaning "stone" or "rock", and was imposed by government officials in the early twentieth century.

## Quarries

It was crucial as a site of quarries. The Mountain Quarry and the Government Quarry were both important blue stone quarries in their time.
The harbour and moles at Fremantle were built using stone from the Government quarry.
The Government Quarry (on the south eastern part of the locality) was variously named during its time of operation as Mr O'Connor's quarry, the Fremantle Harbour Works Darlington Quarry, the Public Works Quarry, the Government Quarry, and, currently, as Hudman Road Quarry.
Being at the edge of the Greenmount National Park and the Hudman Road Quarry, Boya has been subject to serious threatening bushfires spreading from these locations in recent years.

## Railway

In the history of the early Eastern Railway, which passed through Boya, Boya was the location of "Cape Horn", a notorious curve at the 22-mile (35 km) mark, where runaway trains derailed a number of times.
The community has a rich architectural variety of houses due to the challenge of steep and rocky blocks.

## Transport
### Bus

* 322 Midland Station to Glen Forrest – serves Scott Street, Marriott Road and Coulston Road
# Man Eating Bugs

Man Eating Bugs: The Art and Science of Eating Insects is a non-fiction book by Peter Menzel and Faith D'Alusio.

## Book summary

The authors traveled to 13 countries to taste insects. The book talks about eating insects and how to harvest them. The animals in the book include insects like jumil stinkbugs, witchetty grub, and silkworms, but also arachnids (not insects) like Theraphosa blondi (a bird-eating tarantula). Faith recommends that people who are new to insect eating start with insects that crisp up well when roasted and avoiding things like worms, which are too chewy, or cicadas, which are too fleshy and tough.

## Reception

The book was reviewed favorably by Whole Earth, New Scientist, and Salt Lake Tribune.
# Mammal Review

Mammal Review is a zoology journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Mammal Society. Covering all areas of mammalian biology, ecology, physiology, behaviour, biogeography and conservation biology, the journal is edited by Dr Robyn Grant, with Dr Antonio Uzal Fernandez as Assistant Editor. The journal has a current impact factor of 5.373, which corresponds to a ranking of 32/174 (Ecology) and 5/177 (Zoology).
# Brachinite

Brachinites are a group of meteorites that are classified either as primitive achondrites or as asteroidal achondrites. Like all primitive achondrites, they have similarities with chondrites and achondrites. Brachinites contain 74 to 98% (volume) olivine.

## Naming and history

Brachinites are named after the Brachina meteorite, the type specimen of this group, which in turn is named after Brachina, South Australia.

## Description

Brachinites consist almost entirely of olivine (74 to 98% by volume). Other minerals include plagioclase (6.7 to 12.9%), iron sulfides (1.8 to 4.0%), clinopyroxene (1.5 to 8.2%) and orthopyroxene (0 to 2.4%). Trace minerals include phosphates and meteoritic iron. The only deviation from chondrites is the very high olivine/orthopyroxene ratio.

## Specimens

As of 2022, there were 56 meteorites classified as brachinites. A notable example is the type specimen, the Brachina meteorite.
# XEQC-AM

XEQC-AM was a radio station broadcasting on 1390 kHz in Puerto Peñasco, Sonora. It was owned by Ángel Tanori Cruz and known as La Reyna del Mar.
XEQC's concession was not renewed following its expiration in 2014. The station continued broadcasting as a pirate until 2017, when its broadcasting equipment was seized.

## History

XEQC received its concession on June 5, 1972, making it the first radio station in Puerto Peñasco. It was a 500-watt daytimer and later broadcast with 1,000 watts during the day and 150 at night.
In 2009, XEQC was authorized to move to FM as XHEQC-FM 93.5. The move never materialized, and the station ultimately ceased transmitting eight years later when the Federal Telecommunications Institute shut down 1390 AM as a pirate, imposing a fine on Tanori Cruz and seizing the station's equipment.
The station was affiliated to Radio S.A.
# Xin Dongwang

Xin Dongwang (Chinese: 忻东旺; 29 April 1963 – 11 January 2014) was a Chinese painter, regarded as one of the representative painters of contemporary Chinese neo-realist oil paintings by art critics and art historians. His works focus on the bottom and marginalized people in life, reflecting the times and people's livelihood issues in Chinese society since the reform and opening up.

## Early life and career

Xin Dongwang was born in 1963 in Xinjiafang village, Kangbao, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China. Xin taught at several institutions throughout his career: in the Fine Arts Department of Shanxi Normal University and the Oil Painting Department of Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, and later, as an Associate Professor in the Painting Department at the Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University. He died due to lymphoma on January 11, 2014.

## Art

Xin Dongwang specialized in realist figure paintings. His subjects were mainly migrant workers and farmers, portrayed in a style that integrated Chinese art elements and expressive techniques. His works are noted for their directness and vigor, reflecting social criticism and humanistic care. Shaped by his personal experiences and artistic sensibility, they often featured exaggerated, stocky figures with large hands and feet, inspired by traditional Chinese arts and sculptures.
In 2011, Xin Dongwang's painting Golden Wedding was sold for HK$5.06m at Christie's Hong Kong. He was nominated by Artprice among the Top 500 contemporary artists world wide (rank 171/500, July 2016 – June 2017).

## Exhibitions

* 2003 – Beijing, China – Beijing International Art Biennale, Edge
* 2005 – Beijing, China – National Art Museum of China, Xin Dongwang Oil Painting Exhibition (solo)
* 2006 – Shanghai, China – Shanghai Art Museum, Biographies of Villagers – Exhibition of Xin Dongwang’s Oil Paintings (solo)
* 2009 – Valais, Switzerland – Le Manoir de la Ville de Martigny, Work (group)
* 2010 – New York, USA – Rockefeller Center, Realism (Trans-realism), Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition (group)
* 2011 – Beijing, China – National Art Museum of China, Annual Exhibition of Chinese Realistic Painting School (group)
* 2013 – Beijing, China – National Art Museum of China, Paint again and abstract together – Chinese famous oil painters Sketches research exhibition (group)
* 2013 – Beijing, China – China Oil Painting Academy Art Museum, Love is born from the heart – Xin Dongwang Art Works Exhibition (solo)
* 2014 – Beijing, China – National Art Museum of China, 10th Anniversary Exhibition of Chinese Realistic Painting School (group)
* 2016 – Beijing, China – Rongbaozhai Contemporary Art Museum, The memory of love – A review of Xin Dongwang’s art (solo)
* 2018 – Beijing, China – Tsinghua University Art Museum, Psyche: A Portfolio of Xin Dongwang's works (solo)

## Publications

At 2009, Xin published a book of five years' complete works of China realism.
# Kovalik

Kovalik is a Slavic language occupational surname derived from the occupation of smith (koval).
The surname may refer to:
* Jozef Kovalík, Slovak tennis player
* Dan Kovalik, American human rights, labor rights lawyer and peace activist