OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Model 1840 army noncommissioned officers' sword

The Model 1840 noncommissioned officers' sword was adopted by the United States military in 1840. Based primarily on a sword used by the French Army, the model 1840 NCO proved somewhat heavy hilted and ill balanced. For over 70 years, it was widely used by the Army; today its usage is restricted to ceremonial occasions. The sword had a 31-inch (79 cm) blade (some being slightly longer), a cast brass hilt resembling the more expensive wire-wrapped leather grips, and a leather scabbard rather than the steel used by cavalry troopers and officers, although some makers, such as Emerson and Silver, issued a steel scabbard rather than leather to protect from wear. Leather scabbards were phased out beginning in 1868.

## History

The sword replaced a weapon more commonly known as the Model 1832 foot artillery sword which was used by both the infantry and the artillery regiments from 1832 to 1840. Its wearing was granted to all sergeant ranks until it came out of use in 1875. Additionally first sergeants and above would wear a waist sash from 1821 to 1872. The sword was worn either on a white or black baldric or with an Enfield bayonet frog. A shorter version with a 26-inch blade was carried by musicians, this was called the Model 1840 musicians' sword.
The M1840 has had a long service life, seeing frontline service from the Mexican–American War to the American Civil War until the Spanish–American War. During the Civil War it wasn't always issued to volunteer regiments.
The primary contractor for the production of the M1840 NCO sword seems to have been the Ames Manufacturing Company. During the Civil War multiple companies were contracted by the U.S. government to manufacture edged weapons alongside Ames. Two of these companies, Emerson and Silver and Christopher Roby, manufactured M1840 NCO swords. The weapon was made with a blunt edge as swords at the time were sharpened only when they were expected to be used in action. The narrow blade was a compromise between cut and thrust actions, yet the thick spine favors stabbing over than slashing techniques. It was the main weapon of standard bearers (along with the Colt Army Model 1860 and Colt 1851 navy revolver) and hospital stewards, as well as a secondary weapon for infantry NCOs. The sword was also used by the Confederates who captured many after seizing state arsenals.
In 1868 the ordnance board recommended that no more leather sword, or bayonet scabbards be purchased, so after the leather ones were used up, a black Japanned steel scabbard was substituted, along with a new pattern leather frog. It remained in service as a ceremonial weapon until general orders No. 77 dated August 6, 1875 discontinued its use. A modern version of this sword with steel scabbard is currently permitted for wear by US Army platoon sergeants and first sergeants; in practice it is rarely seen outside the 3rd Infantry Regiment (the "Old Guard") and honor guards. Some army NCOs have this sword and wear it for social occasions, regardless of duty as a platoon sergeant or first sergeant.
# Plasticosis

Plasticosis is a form of fibrotic scarring that is caused by small pieces of plastic which inflame the digestive tract.
A 2023 study by Hayley Charlton-Howard, Alex Bond, Jack Rivers-Auty, and Jennifer Lavers, found that plastic pollution caused disease in seabirds. The researchers coined the term plasticosis to indicate the first recorded instance of plastic-induced fibrosis in wild animals. “Further, the ingestion of plastic has far-reaching and severe consequences, many of which we are only just beginning to fully document and understand.”
The disease is caused only by plastic according to the study.
Plasticosis is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue. Repeated injuries, chronic inflammation and repair are susceptible to fibrosis where an accidental excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, such as the collagen is produced by fibroblasts, leading to the formation of a permanent fibrotic scar.

## Pathogenesis

Plasticosis was first identified in Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) on Lord Howe Island, Australia. Previous research on this population found that ~90% of necropsied chicks contained ingested plastics, which are thought to negatively affect chick growth and survival. Microscopic pieces of plastic have also been found embedded in tissues of this species, causing inflammation and tissue damage, as well as loss of tubular glands and rugae. Plastic-induced fibrosis has been previously demonstrated in recent laboratory studies, in organs such as the heart, liver, ovaries, and uterus.
Plasticosis is found to cause increased collagen prevalence in the tubular glands and submucosa, and widespread scar tissue formation across the whole organ, leading to extensive reorganisation and tissue damage, and potentially a loss of tissue function. Since tubular glands produce mucus to protect the epithelium, as well as fluids that are crucial for digestion and nutrient absorption, plasticosis may affect the ability of birds to prevent injury or infection in the stomach and reduce stomach function. Excessive scar tissue formation in the stomach wall and loss of rugae induced by plastics may also reduce the ability of the stomach to expand, potentially reducing stomach capacity and function. Plasticosis has been compared to asbestosis and silicosis, where plastic acts a similar persistent irritant leading to fibrosis.
# Agnès Laurent

Agnès Laurent (28 January 1936 – 16 February 2010) was a French actress. She mainly acted in France, but is perhaps known in the United Kingdom for playing the title role in the British comedy film A French Mistress.

## Selected filmography

* Women's Club (1956)
* Mannequins of Paris (1956)
* Les collégiennes (1957)
* Amour de poche (1957)
* Mademoiselle Strip-tease (Striptease de Paris) (1957)
* The Green Devils of Monte Cassino (1958)
* Nina (1959)
* A French Mistress (1960)
* The Big Show (1960)
* Mary Had a Little... (1961)
* Famous Love Affairs (1961)
# Phaeoclavulina murrillii

Phaeoclavulina murrillii is a coral fungus that is widely distributed in the southeastern United States. It has also been found as far North in the United States as Michigan, and in Spain.

## Taxonomy

It was first found in 1904 by William Alphonso Murrill. Originally, it was described as Clavaria murrilli by William Chambers Coker. Later it was moved to Ramaria by Edred John Henry Corner.

## Description
### Fruit body

The fruit body may be growing singularly or in scattered groups on the ground in humus in broadleaf or mixed broadleaf and conifer forests from June through October. Fruiting has additionally been reported as occurring in low nutrient areas within meadows. The size ranges from 4–12 centimeters high that are coral-like in appearance with many branches and arising from a rounded, central stalk. Much of the lower portion of the fruitbody and the stipe have white threads that stain pinkish, and these threads can be observed on dry specimens too. The branches are rounded and described as a "dull brownish pink to pale rusty brown, darkening when bruised", and are fibrous-tough and twisted and divided. The branch tips can be pointed or blunt, and are white at first, becoming "golden-yellow to orange" and turning more brown with age.

### Spore print

The spores have a "dull ochraceous tan" deposit.

### Microscopic features

The spores "appear brown under the microscope". The spore size is comparatively more divergent than similar species ranging from 6.5–9.5 × 3.5–5.5 μm, and they are "elliptic to bottle-shaped" or "elongate pip-shaped". The basidia are clavate, 5–5.5 μm wide and 4-spored. The hymenium is 50–60 μm thick. The hyphae are 3.5–5 μm wide and clamp-connections are present.

### Chemical test

Applying ${\ce {FeSO4}}$ to the branches will cause them to stain green.

### Edibility

The edibility is unknown. It has a nondistinctive odor, and the taste of the flesh is described as bitter.
# Tommaso de Rosa

Tommaso de Rosa (1621 – 10 October 1695) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Policastro (1695–1679) and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (1662–1679).

## Biography

Tommaso de Rosa was born in Cava, Italy in 1621. On 16 January 1662, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Alexander VII as Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia. On 22 January 1662, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Cesare Sacchetti, Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina, with Ottaviano Carafa, Titular Archbishop of Patrae, and Carlo de' Vecchi, Bishop Emeritus of Chiusi, serving as co-consecrators. On 8 May 1679, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XI as Bishop of Policastro. He served as Bishop of Policastro until his death on 10 October 1695.
# Gallet

Gallet may refer to:

## People with the surname

* Anne Gallet, a Swiss harpsichordist and musicologist
* Charles Gallet (1875-1951), French politician
* Léon Gallet (1832–1899), watchmaker and philanthropist, patriarch of the Gallet Watch Company
* Louis Gallet (1835–1898), a French writer of operatic libretti, plays, romances, memoirs, pamphlets
* Luciano Gallet (1893–1931), a Brazilian composer, conductor and pianist
* Mathieu Gallet (born 1977), French high-ranking civil servant

## Other

* Gallet & Co., a historic Swiss watch and clock manufacturer
* Air Gallet, a vertically scrolling shoot 'em up arcade game developed by Gazelle
* Gallet Clamshell, the world's first water resistant chronograph wristwatch
* Gallet Flight Officer, the world's first time zone calculating wristwatch
* CGF Gallet, a French company producer of the SPECTRA combat helmet and the F1 helmet for firemen
* Le Gallet, a commune in the Oise department in northern France
* small splinters of stone inserted in the joints of coarse masonry to protect the mortar joints : see Glossary of architecture
# Mouchon

Mouchon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Louis-Eugène Mouchon (1843–1914), French painter.
* Pierre Mouchon (1733–1797), eighteenth-century Swiss pastor.
# Moulis, Ariège

Moulis is a commune in the Ariège department in southwestern France.

## Geography

Moulis is situated on the D618 road, which follows the Lez river valley from Castillon-en-Couserans to Saint Girons. Either side of the Lez valley, the land surface of the commune rises steeply to forested mountains, giving a height difference of 1200 m between the lowest point of the commune and the highest.

## Population

The inhabitants of Moulis are known as Moulisiens.
Much of the population is grouped in the villages of Moulis, Luzenac, Aubert and Pouech, all of which are in the Lez valley. The rest of the population is dispersed in small hamlets or isolated farms across the commune.
# Wayne Simmons

Wayne Simmons is the name of:
* Wayne Simmons (commentator) (born 1953/1954), American Fox News commentator and fraudster
* Wayne Simmons (politician), Canadian political candidate, 2003
* Wayne Simmons (American football) (1969–2002), American NFL player
# Plastics Historical Society

The Plastics Historical Society (PHS) was formed in 1986 and aims to encourage the study of all historical aspects of plastics and other polymers, including synthetic fibres, rubber and elastomers. It is an independent society, affiliated to the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and is based in London.

## Sources

* PHS website
# Phyllobaenus tricolor

Phyllobaenus tricolor is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in North America.
# Phaeoclavulina abietina

Phaeoclavulina abietina, commonly known as the green-staining coral, is a coral mushroom in the family Gomphaceae. It is characterized by the green staining reaction it develops in response to bruising or injury.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794 as Clavaria abietina. It is commonly known as the "green-staining coral". It was classified in the genus Ramaria (in the subgenus Echinoramaria), until molecular phylogenetic showed that Ramaria was polyphyletic.

## Description

Fruit bodies are leathery, and brittle when dry. They are small, measuring 2–5 cm (3⁄4–2 in) tall by 1–5 cm (1⁄2–2 in) wide, and branch from the central stem up to five times. The slender branches are slightly flattened or spreading, and forked or crested near the top. The color of the fruit body is medium yellow green to light olive, but will bruise a darker olive green to dark olive green. The stem is 5–15 mm (1⁄4–5⁄8 in) long and 2–10 mm (1⁄8–3⁄8 in) thick; it has a mat of mycelia at its base, which is attached to rhizomorphs that branch into the substrate. The odor of the mushroom tissue ranges from indistinct to earthy, and it tastes initially sweet, then somewhat bitter. The species is inedible.
The spores are dark orange-yellow when collected in mass. Spores are pip-shaped to broadly elliptical, with one oblique end; their dimensions are 6–9 by 3.5–4.5 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are typically four-spored, with the spores attached by sterigmata up to 7 μm long.

### Similar species

Phaeoclavulina myceliosa is very similar but does not produce a greenish stain.
Ramaria apiculata differs in its bright teal tips. Also similar in appearance is R. invalii, which does not stain when bruised.

## Habitat and distribution

Fruit bodies grow scattered or in groups (sometimes arranged in rows) on the ground in duff of coniferous forests. In North America, it is found in the United States (mostly October–February on the West Coast and July–October inland), including the Pacific Northwest, as well as Mexico. It is also found in Europe.
# Vis (surname)

Vis is a Dutch metonymic occupational surname. Vis means "fish" and referred to a fisherman. Variant forms are De Vis ("the fish"), De Visch, and Visch.
People with this surname include:
* Caroline Vis (born 1970), Dutch tennis player
* Fiderd Vis (born 1981), Aruban judoka
* Jacob Vis [de; nl] (born 1940), Dutch novelist
* Jan Vis (1933–2011), Dutch journalist, legal scholar, and politician
* Judith Vis (born 1980), Dutch hurdler and heptathlete
* Lucas Vis [de; nl] (born 1947), Dutch conductor and composer
* Marja Vis (born 1977), Dutch speed skater
* Rudi Vis (1941–2010), Dutch-born British politician and MP
* Russell Vis (1900–1990), American wrestler
* Willem Cornelis Vis (1924–1993), Dutch jurist and expert in international commercial transactions
De Vis
(De) Visch
* Charles de Visch (1596–1666), Flemish abbot and bibliographer
* Henk Visch [de; nl] (born 1950), Dutch sculptor
* Matthias de Visch (1701–1765), Flemish historical and portrait painter
* Soraya de Visch Eijbergen (born 1993), Dutch badminton player
# Referee (futsal)

A referee controls matches in the sport of futsal, a variant of association football.

## Refereeing

In high level matches, there are two on-field referees and an off-field official (similar to a fourth official in outdoor football). In matches of lower level, there may be fewer officials, with one or two on-field officials.
# Motoharu Kawashima

Motoharu Kawashima (川島素晴; surname Kawashima; born 12 January 1972 in Tokyo, Japan) is a Japanese composer of contemporary classical music.
Kawashima studied composition from 1991 to 1996 with Isao Matsushita and Jo Kondo at the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music. He won the Akiyoshidai International Composition Prize and made his debut in Akiyoshidai International 20th Century Classical Music Festival in 1992. Currently, he teaches composition at the Kunitachi College of Music.
He won the Best Notation Prize in Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music [de] in 1994.
His scores are published by the Zen-On Music Company Ltd Limited Baerenreiter.
# Move with You

Move with You may refer to:
* "Move with You", 2014 single by Jacob Banks (singer)
* "Move with You", 2002 album track by Pork Tornado
# Platynus maculicollis

Platynus maculicollis (common names: grease bug, overflow bug) is a ground beetle.
It is common in California, where it is occasionally a pest in houses because of its disagreeable odor when crushed, and because it nibbles bread and meats.
# Wealthy Park Baptist Church

Wealthy Park Baptist Church was an American church, located in Grand Rapids, Michigan, established in 1886. It had previously been a Sunday school mission of Fountain Street Baptist Church started in 1875.
The church was originally known as the Wealthy Street Baptist Church before moving to the suburbs. The congregation called Oliver Willis Van Osdel to become its pastor in 1909. Van Osdel had pastored the church years before, but when the congregation refused to follow his lead and erect a new building, he had left for Spokane, Washington. Upon returning to Wealthy Street, Van Osdel led the church through the construction of the new building in 1912. He also made Wealthy Street into one of the capitals of the fundamentalist movement. Van Osdel was one of the founders of the General Association of Regular Baptist Churches.
The church was pastored for forty years by the Rev. Dr. David Otis Fuller, a King James Only movement proponent.
It was the birthplace to Grand Rapids Baptist College, a predecessor to what is now called Cornerstone University, and served as its home from 1941 to 1964.
The church moved to Michigan Street in the 1980s, purchasing a school building and adding on to it.
In 2001, after struggling with declining membership, the church called Pastor Kenton Young. During his 14 years of ministry he and his wife renewed the heart of the church, stabilizing its membership, as well as shaping the congregation into a close family of believers. Pastor Young also saw to it that the church would be prepared for a smooth transition upon his retirement, hiring and mentoring an assistant pastor, William J. Swem, who would be called by the congregation to fill the position of pastor in 2015.
In 2018, Wealthy Park Baptist Church was closed, and the property sold. The remaining members, under the leadership of Pastor William J. Swem, felt led of the Lord to start over completely, and planted a new independent Baptist church in Plainfield Township, meeting for several months in a school building before finally settling in to a new location on Woodworth St, just off of Plainfield Avenue. The new church is simply named, Plainfield Baptist Church.
# Phyllobaenus subfasciatus

Phyllobaenus subfasciatus is a species of checkered beetle in the family Cleridae. It is found in North America.
# Pfyffe

The Pfyffe is a mountain of the Bernese Alpine foothills located between the municipalities of Guggisberg and Rüschegg in the canton of Bern. It is part of the wooded range north of the Gurnigel Pass, which culminates at the Selibüel. On the southern slopes of the mountain lies the small resort of Ottenleuebad (1,430 m).
# Meitetsu 5000 series (1955)

The Meitetsu 5000 series (名鉄5000系) was an EMU type operated by Nagoya Railroad (Meitetsu) in Japan between 1955 and 1986.

## History

The fleet was withdrawn by 1986, donating bogies and electrical equipment to the later 5300 series EMUs.

## Interior

The trains featured flip-over transverse seating.
# Art mac Flaitnia

Art mac Flaitnia, or Art mac Flaithnia, King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne (d. 772).
The succession to the kingship is uncertain the death of Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile in 696, a reflection of Aidhne's drastic reduction in status. Art is only one of two rulers of the kingdoms known from the 8th-century.
Art is recorded as having been killed in 772 along with his neighbor Aedh Ailghin, King of Ui Maine. The Annals of the Four Masters claim they were slain.
During the middle-decades of the century, the Déisi Tuisceart (later known as the Dál gCais) annexed what is now called County Clare into Munster, calling it Thomond. It has remained a part of Munster to the present day.
| Preceded byConchubhar mac Cumasgach | King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne 769-772 | Succeeded byAnluan mac Conchobhar |
# Motogoya Dam

Motogoya Dam (Japanese: 元小屋ダム) is a gravity dam located in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for power production. The catchment area of the dam is 408.8 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 27 ha of land when full and can store 2610 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was and completed in 1960.
# Zuibaichi

Zuibaichi (Chinese: 醉白池; pinyin: Zuì Bái Chí; lit. 'Drunken Bai Pond') is a Chinese garden in Shanghai's suburban Songjiang District that dates back to the Song Dynasty. It occupies an area of 5 hectares and is one of the five ancient Chinese gardens in Shanghai, along the Guyi Garden, the Yu Garden, the Garden of Autumn Vapors, and the Garden of Zigzag Stream.

## History

The garden was first set up as the private villa of Zhu Zhichun, a Jinshi selected from Imperial examination. Its size was rarely enlarged for hundreds of years until Dong Qichang, a Chinese painter, calligrapher of the later period of the Ming Dynasty, built several more ancient architectural complex on its original basis. In 1797, the garden began to be used as a foundling hospital until it was well repaired and reopened to the public in 1959.
The garden's name lies in the famous Chinese poet Li Bai. It is said that if Li Bai was brought back to life and had a sightseeing here, he would certainly lingered on and forgot to return, just about drunk. Actually famous men of letters usually gathered together, making various poems on the fantastic landscape.

## Scenery

Drunken Bai Garden has an architectural style of Chinese traditional garden which was inherited from architectures in Suzhou: elegant pavilions, winding and zigzagging paves, carved beams and painted rafters. It was such a scenery of exceptional charm that it attracts an endless stream of tourists.
Meanwhile, luxuriant plants can be seen in a blaze of colors here, especially lotus flowers that are in bloom in summer. To the north of the pond stands an ancient cinnamon tree which is over 300 years old.

### Features

* Ancient Long Gallery
* Crane Pavilion
* Stone Sculpture
* Xuehai Hall
Sun Yat-sen allegedly held a speech in Xuehai Hall on December 27, 1912, during an inspection visit he undertook to Songjiang together with Chen Qimei and Dai Jitao . In this speech Sun addressed the further development of the newly founded Republic of China, the problems left over by the Xinhai Revolution, and the education system. After finishing the address, Sun took a group photo with members of the Tongmenghui inside of the hall.
# Vi ska vinna!

Vi ska vinna! was written in 2001 by Daniel Bäckström, Stefan Enberg, Marko Kristian Lehtosalo ("Markoolio") and Hans Schumacher and performed by Markoolio together with the band Excellence. It was the fight song for Sweden during the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The song appeared on Markoolio's 2001 studio album Tjock och lycklig and was released as a single on 28 January 2002, peaking at number three on the Swedish Singles Chart.
The song received a Svensktoppen test on 9 February 2002 but failed to enter chart.
The single version featured rewritten refrain lyrics, replacing "Vi ska vinna, vi ska ta dom, vi ska göra köttfärs av dom" ("we'll win, we'll get them, we'll make ground meat out of them") with "Vi ska vinna, vi ska ta dom, vi ska göra losers av dom" ("we'll win, we'll get them, we'll make losers out of them") following the September 11 attacks of 2001 in the United States. The lines "Jag har sagt upp mig från mitt jobb, så jag inte missar nå't när Ludmila åker bob" ("I've quit my job, so I don't miss anything when Ludmila rides the bobsliegh") were also changed, following the November 2001 Ludmila Engquist doping scandal.

## Charts

| Chart (2002–2003) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 3 |
# Wealwandangie, Queensland

Wealwandangie is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Wealwandangie had a population of 39 people.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Wealwandangie had a population of 37 people.
In the 2021 census, Wealwandangie had a population of 39 people.