OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Malmquist index

The Malmquist Index (MI) is a bilateral index that can be used to compare the production technology of two economies. It is named after Professor Sten Malmquist, on whose ideas it is based. It is also called the Malmquist Productivity Index.
The MI is based on the concept of the production function. This is a function of maximum possible production, with respect to a set of inputs pertaining to capital and labour. So, if $S_{a}$ is the set of labour and capital inputs to the production function of Economy A, and $Q$ is the production function of Economy A, we could write $Q=f_{a}(S_{a})$.
While the production function would normally apply to an enterprise, it is possible to calculate it for an entire region or nation. This would be called the aggregate production function.
To calculate the Malmquist Index of economy A with respect to economy B, we must substitute the labour and capital inputs of economy A into the production function of B, and vice versa. The formula for MI is given below.
    $MI={\sqrt {(Q_{1}Q_{2})/(Q_{3}Q_{4})}}$
where
    $Q_{1}=f_{a}(S_{a})$
    $Q_{2}=f_{a}(S_{b})$
    $Q_{3}=f_{b}(S_{a})$
    $Q_{4}=f_{b}(S_{b})$
Note that the MI of A with respect to B is the reciprocal of the MI of B with respect to A. If the MI of A with respect to B is greater than 1, the aggregate production technology of economy A is superior to that of economy B.
The Malmquist Index was introduced in the 1982 paper, "Multilateral Comparisons of Output, Input and Productivity Using Superlative Index Numbers", by Douglas W. Caves, Laurits R. Christensen and W. Erwin Diewert.
# Prosoplus aruensis

Prosoplus aruensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1966.
# Jean-Joseph Trestler

Jean-Joseph Trestler (c. 1757 – December 7, 1813) was a German-born businessman, land owner and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented York in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1808 to 1809. His name also appears as Jean-Joseph Tröstler.
He was born in Mannheim, the son of Henry Tröstler and Magdeleine Feitten. Trestler came to Quebec in 1776 as a member of a German mercenary unit. He was discharged from the army in 1783 or earlier and became a peddler in Montreal. Trestler was married twice: to Marguerite Noël in 1785 and then to Marie-Anne-Joseph Curtius in 1794. In 1786, he purchased a home in the seigneury of Vaudreuil, where he operated a general store as well as a potash factory. He was also involved in the fur trade and transporting goods on the Ottawa River. He was able to acquire a substantial amount of property with the proceeds from his business operations. Trestler did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1809. He died in Vaudreuil.
His granddaughter Iphigénie Trestler married Antoine-Aimé Dorion and his granddaughter Marie Abby Victoria Hays married Jean-Baptiste-Éric Dorion.
Trestler's home in Dorion, designated a National Historic Site of Canada by the Canadian government and a historic monument by the Quebec government, is now a museum.
# Yutaka Higuchi

Yutaka Higuchi may refer to:
* Yutaka Higuchi (figure skater) (born 1949), figure skating coach and commentator, former Olympian
* Yutaka Higuchi (musician) (born 1967), rock musician, bassist of Buck-Tick
# Bad Sülze

Bad Sülze (German: , until 1927 Sülze) is a town in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the river Recknitz, 35 km southwest of Stralsund, and 35 km east of Rostock.
Nearby geographical features include a group of three lakes called Torfkuhlen Bad Sülze.
Excavations on the Redderstorfer corridor have shown that a settlement in the area of the present town existed from the Neolithic to Bronze Age and, later, from the Slavic times to the Middle Ages. Bad Sülze is known for its spas and may be the oldest brine and moorbath in northern Germany.
# Sancho Pança (opera)

Sancho Pança dans son isle is a 1762 French-language opera in one act by François-André Danican Philidor to a libretto by Antoine-Alexandre-Henri Poinsinet based on Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote. It premiered at the Comédie-Italienne on 8 July 1762.

## Recording

* Sancho Pança Opera Lafayette Naxos
# Francis Phelps

Francis Robinson Phelps (19 September 1863 – 26 June 1938) was an Anglican bishop in the first half of the 20th century.

## Early life

Phelps was born in Canada on 19 September 1863 and educated at Keble College, Oxford. he was made deacon in 1887 and ordained priest in 1888. Following curacies at Battersea, St John the Evangelist, Westminster and St John the Divine, Kennington he was rector of Thorpe Episcopi, Norfolk.

## South Africa

Phelps and his family emigrated to South Africa in 1909, he was successively warden of St Peter's Home in Grahamstown and Archdeacon of Grahamstown. He was appointed Dean of Grahamstown in 1914.
Phelps was elected Bishop of Grahamstown in 1915. In 1931 he was translated to Cape Town. His consecration as archbishop was challenged by other Anglican clergy in the civil court in Cape Town. The court found for Phelps.
Due to ill-health Phelps resigned as archbishop in 1937, He died less than a year later on 27 June 1938. in Oxford.
Phelps married Edith Hunter in 1895.
# Anania taitensis

Anania taitensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Koen V. N. Maes in 2005. It is found in Kenya.
# Anania recreata

Anania recreata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1938. It is found on Java.
# Intrepid Camera

Intrepid Camera is a British manufacturer of large format cameras and darkroom equipment.
Their cameras are noted for being inexpensive and lightweight compared to large format cameras from other manufacturers.

## History

Intrepid was founded in 2014 in Brighton UK by University of Sussex product design student Maxim Grew through a successful Kickstarter campaign. Following the successful launch of a 4×5 format camera, the company has since expanded to produce cameras in 5×7 and 8×10 formats, as well as enlargers.

## Products
### Cameras

* Intrepid 4×5 (2015)
** MK2 (2017)
** MK3 (2018)
** MK4 (2019)
** Black Edition (2021)
** MK5 (2022)
* Intrepid 5×7 (2020)
* Intrepid 8×10
** MK2 (2019)
** MK3 (2022)
** Black Edition (2023)

### Enlargers

* Intrepid 4×5 Enlarger
* Intrepid Compact 35mm / 120 Enlarger
* Intrepid De Vere 504 Converter
# Prirechny

Prirechny (masculine), Prirechnaya (feminine), or Prirechnoye (neuter) may refer to:
* Prirechny, Murmansk Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Murmansk Oblast, Russia; since 2004 or 2005—a settlement of rural type
* Prirechny, Republic of Adygea, a settlement in the Republic of Adygea, Russia
* Prirechoye, Voronezh Oblast, a village in Voronezh Oblast, Russia
* Prirechnoye, name of several rural localities in Russia
# Roman Kononenko

Roman Kononenko (born 13 April 1981) is a Ukrainian former track cyclist.

## Major results
### 2002

    1st Team pursuit, European Under–23 Track Championships
    World Cup Classics
       2nd Team pursuit, Moscow

### 2003

    1st Team pursuit, European Under–23 Track Championships

### 2004

    2004–05 World Cup Classics
       1st Team pursuit, Moscow
       2nd Team pursuit, Los Angeles

### 2005

    2005–06 World Cup Classics
       3rd Team pursuit, Moscow

### 2006

    3rd Team pursuit, World Track Championships
    2006–07 World Cup Classics
       3rd Team pursuit, Sydney

### 2007

    2nd Team pursuit, World Track Championships

### 2008

    1st Stage 4 Thüringen Rundfahrt der U23
    2008–09 World Cup Classics
       3rd Team pursuit, Melbourne

### 2009

    2009–10 World Cup Classics
       3rd Individual pursuit, Manchester
# BRF

BRF may refer to:
* Bâtiment ravitailleur de forces, a French Navy fleet tanker class
* Belgischer Rundfunk, a German-language Belgian broadcaster
* Belt and Road Forum, China
* Bitchy resting face, a facial expression
* Ramial chipped wood (Bois Raméal Fragmenté in French)
* Braille-Ready Format, a file format for Braille
* BRF S.A., a Brazilian food corporation
* British royal family
* BRF, TON based cryptocurrency token
* Broadford railway station, Australia
* Bromine monofluoride, a chemical compound
# Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology

The Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) is a private oceanography research organization based in Busan. Formerly known as the Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI), it started functioning under the name of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology from July 1, 2012, onwards.

## History

KIOST was founded on October 30, 1973, under the name Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI). It was originally under the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST).
On July 1, 2012, the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology was officially established.
In 2014, the KIOST unveiled a six-legged robot that can walk the ocean floor. The robot is 2.4 x 2.4 x 1.3 meters in dimension. It weighs 650 kilos and contains 30 motors. In January 2017, after North Korea led nuclear tests at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, the KIOST published a study showing how radioactive materials from those tests probably traveled to the tip of Russia and Northern Japan. In July 2017, the KIOST partnered with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to further the research of the Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction. In July 2018, when a South Korean company claimed to have found the wreck of a Russian warship (the Dmitrii Donskoi) that allegedly contained more than $130 billion in gold, the KIOST told the media it had known about the ship's location since 2003.

## Mission

The main functions of KIOST are:
* To perform basic and applied research to promote the efficient use of coastal and ocean resources
* To undertake comprehensive surveys and studies of Korea's seas and open oceans
* To conduct scientific research in polar and tropical regions, especially in Antarctica and South Pacific
* To develop technologies related to coastal, harbor, ship and ocean engineering as well as maritime safety.
* To support and cooperate with other governmental agencies, universities and private companies towards the development of marine resources and the protection of the oceanic environment.
* To coordinate and participate in international oceanographic research projects.
The KIOST also undertakes fundamental research in Antarctica. The main areas of interests are geological, geophysical and life sciencedalong with climate science. The institute owns the RV Onnuri, which is used to supply the year-round Antarctic station called the King Sejong Station (62.13'S; 58°45'W).

## Partnerships

KIOST has signed Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) and bilateral agreements with national research institutes in China, Micronesia, United States, United Kingdom and Peru. Tertiary educational partners include the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Rutgers University and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at the University of Virginia in the United States. Partner organizations include Partnership for Observation of the Global Oceans and Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia.
# Irish Computer Society

Irish Computer Society was founded in 1967 as the professional representing information and communication technology professionals in Ireland.
Its objective is to promote professional information and computer skills. The ICS is a member of the Council of European Professional Informatics Societies. In 1997 the ICS co-founded European Computer Driving Licence (Ireland).
The Irish Computer Society host seminars, workshops and conferences on current topics of interest and also conduct surveys of trends in the industry. National events include the National Data Protection Conference, the Public Sector IT Conference, the Leaders Conference, and in 2014 they ran the first Tech Week Ireland with 42,000 people taking part all over Ireland.
The ICS run a variety of courses aimed at those in the IT Industry. There is a QQI Level 8 programme run with the National College of Ireland and an MSc run in conjunction with the Irish Association of Software Architects and the Technological University of Dublin(Tallaght). The Chartered IT Professional qualification is offered by the ICS on licence from the British Computer Society.
The ICS has also made representations and submissions to government committees and forums (for example of e-voting), where ICT knowledge is beneficial and on areas of concern for ICT professionals.
The ICS is a nomination body for the Industrial and Commercial Panel for Seanad Éireann. The ICS promotes ICT skills in schools by information campaigns and sponsoring competitions.

## Membership

The ICS has different grades of membership dependent on the qualifications.
* Student
* Affiliate
* Associate
* Member
* Fellow
# Antagonism

Antagonism may refer to:
* The characteristic of an antagonist
* Antagonism (chemistry), where the involvement of multiple agents reduces their overall effect
* Drug antagonism, a drug that stops the action or effect of another substance, preventing a biological response
** Receptor antagonism or pharmacological antagonism, the action of a drug that inhibits the function of an agonist at the level of a receptor
* Antagonism (phytopathology), an effect that suppresses the activity of a plant pathogen
* Reflexive antagonism of muscles
* Intraspecific antagonism, disharmonious or antagonistic interaction between two individuals of the same species
# Jean Gentil Nduwimana

Jean Gentil Nduwimana is a Burundian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Olympic Star in the Burundi Football League.

## International career

He was invited by Lofty Naseem, the national team coach, to represent Burundi in the 2014 African Nations Championship held in South Africa.
# You in Your Small Corner

"You in Your Small Corner" is a British television play shown in the Play of the Week series on the Independent Television (ITV) on 5 June 1962. It was formerly believed to include the first televised interracial kiss on British television until the rediscovery of an earlier interracial kiss featuring the same male actor in an ITV broadcast of Hot Summer Night on 1 February 1959.
The performance, broadcast live as part of the ITV Play of the Week series, was commissioned and produced by Granada Television, one of ITV's regional contractors. It was an adaptation of a stage play of the same name by Jamaican-born Barry Reckord and was directed by Claude Whatham.
The plot involves Dave, a young, intellectual, middle class Jamaican man (played by Lloyd Reckord; the writer's brother), who becomes involved with Terry, a white, working class woman (Elizabeth MacLennan) while living with his aunt in the Brixton district of London, en route to studying at Cambridge University. A post-coital scene, showing the characters getting out of bed and getting dressed, was also featured.
Unseen for over 50 years, a recording of the broadcast was rediscovered in the British Film Institute's archive in 2015.

## Other kisses

The screening predated a better known interracial kiss on British television, on Emergency Ward 10 in 1964, and the first US interracial television kiss, on Star Trek in 1968, each of which feature black women and white men.

## Stage version

"You in Your Small Corner" was Reckord's second play and had been performed at the Royal Court Theatre, then transferred to the New Arts Theatre. It was based in part on the author's own experiences as a Cambridge undergraduate in the 1950s.
It was omitted from the 2010 book For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays by Barry Reckord, as a copy of the script could not be found in time for its publication.
The title of the play is the penultimate line of each verse of the 1868 children's hymn, Jesus Bids Us Shine by Susan Bogert Warner.
The play should not be confused with works of the same title, by Eileen Corderoy (1968) or John Naismith (1987).
# Giovanni Alberti (painter)

Giovanni Alberti (Rome, 1558–1601) was an Italian painter, known for his perspective painting (quadratura). He was also a poet and writer about art critic.

## Biography

The brother of Alessandro and Cherubino Alberti, and third son of Alberto, he was born at Borgo S. Sepolcro.
He went to Rome during the papacy of Gregory XIII, who employed him in the papal palace on Monte Cavallo, and in the Vatican. He excelled in painting landscapes and perspective, in which the figures were usually painted by Cherubino. He was also employed by Clement VIII, to paint the sacristy of St. John of Lateran, and, in conjunction with his brothers, to decorate the Sala Clementina in the Vatican. For this work, which was commenced in 1595 and completed in 1598, the two painters (Alessandro had died during the course of execution) received 3050 scudi. In the 1590s Giovanni and Cherubino painted frescoes in the Capella Maggiore of San Silvestro al Quirinale, where the complex perspectival effects include a trompe-l'œil oculus above the altar.
Alberti also worked in his native town, in Mantua, Perugia, Florence, and elsewhere. He died at Rome in 1601. His portrait is placed in the academy of St Luke, and another in the Uffizi at Florence.
# Primary urethral groove

The primary urethral groove or urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development.
In humans, it typically appears around eight weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the twelfth week.

## Clinical significance

Failure of complete closure can be associated with hypospadias.
# Sooner or Later (BBMak album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B− |
| NME | |
| Plugged In (publication) | (average) |
| Robert Christgau | (Honourable mention) |
Sooner or Later is the debut studio album by English pop group BBMak, released on 16 May 2000 through Telstar and Hollywood Records. It was re-released in the United Kingdom the following year, peaking at number 16 in the UK charts. The album peaked at number 38 on the US Billboard 200, producing three hit singles, and was certified gold.

## Singles

* "Back Here" – UK CD 2 August 16, 1999; US April 11, 2000; UK CD 1 February 12, 2001 (TRL 06.16.00)
* "Still On Your Side" – US July 17, 2001; UK May 14, 2001 (TRL 11.27.00)
* "Ghost of You and Me" – (TRL Debut 05.11.01)

## Track listing (Original Asia release)

Released in Winter 1999. Victor Entertainment, Inc. Cat No. VICP-60913
* "Back Here"
* "Still on Your Side"
* "Next Time"
* "I Can Tell"
* "Again"
* "Can't Say"
* "Miss You More"
* "Emily's Song"
* "September"
* "Sooner or Later"
* "More Than Words"

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||

## Production (Asia Release)

* Track 1 – John Shanks, Oliver Leiber
* Track 2 – Bob Thiele Jr., Dillon O'Brian
* Track 3 – Oliver Leiber
* Track 4 – Pro-Jay, Robin Thicke
* Track 6 – Mark Jolley, Richard Cardwell, Milton McDonald
* Track 11 – Darren Allison
# San Gabriel River

San Gabriel River is the name of watercourses in two states:
* San Gabriel River (California)
* San Gabriel River bicycle path (California)
* San Gabriel River (Texas)
# Introducing Kenny Garrett

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Introducing Kenny Garrett is the debut album of Kenny Garrett recorded on December 28, 1984. It features Garrett in a quintet with veteran trumpeter Woody Shaw, pianist Mulgrew Miller, bassist Nat Reeves and drummer Tony Reedus.

## Personnel

Musicians
* Kenny Garrett – alto saxophone
* Woody Shaw – trumpet, flugelhorn
* Mulgrew Miller – piano
* Nat Reeves – bass
* Tony Reedus – drums
Production
* Gerry Teekens - producer
* Jerry Teekens - associate producer
* Rudy Van Gelder - engineer
* Max Bolleman - engineer
* Leendert Stofbergen - cover design
* Stanley Crouch - liner Notes
# Samuel Watson (horologist)

Samuel Watson (fl. c.1635-c.1710), was a horologist (clock and watch maker) who invented the 5 minute repeater, and made the first stopwatch. He made a clock for King Charles II and was an associate of Isaac Newton.

## Inventions

In 1695 Samuel Watson made the Physicians Pulse watch which was the first watch with a lever that stopped the second hand. In 1710 Samuel Watson invented the 5 minute repeater.

## Royal connection

One of his astronomical clocks can be seen in the library of Windsor Castle. The original case for that clock may be at the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum.
In 1686 he was sheriff of Coventry, before moving to Long Acre, London in 1690/91.
# Sopriam

Sopriam (French: Société de promotion industrielle automobile au Maroc) is a subsidiary of SNI Group and the exclusive distributor of Peugeot, Citroën and DS in Morocco.
It was founded in 1977, Sopriam is headquartered in Casablanca, Morocco. The affiliate is the first ISO 9001 (2000) certified company in the sector, since 2003.

## History

Sopriam was created in 1977 by ONA, Peugeot and Somaca. Sopriam started its activity by assembling the Peugeot 504 pickup truck, before evolving into the exclusive importer and distributor of Peugeot and Citroën in Morocco.
In 1984, ONA acquired a part of Somaca while Sopriam merged with Maden (responsible for the marketing of assembled Peugeot).
In 1995, Sopriam sold more than 4000 cars with a turnover of 544 million Dirhams.
Abderrahim Benkirane was appointed Sopriam's CEO in 2004 until his replacement by Loïc Morin in October 2008. The CEO position remained vacant after Mr Morin departure in June 2016. Hassan Ouriagli who is also the president of the parent company SNI was in charge of the company's management while Amine Souhail, the secretary-general of the group, was appointed deputy managing director.
In 2015, Sopriam's turnover was established at 2.1 billion dirhams.
In 2016, Sopriam appointed Badreddine Mansouri as the director of the Citroën brand in Morocco.
In September 2017, Tarafa Marouane was appointed as the company's CEO. Mr. Marouane is also CEO of Somed and Chairman of the Board of LafargeHolcim Maroc. Amine Souhail retained his responsibilities as deputy managing director.
In July 2024 Stellantis Acquires Sopriam from Al Mada Group, the acquisition will take place in two stages with immediate majority control and the full purchase scheduled by early 2025.

## Activity

Sopriam offers new passenger cars and utility vehicles. The company also provides spare parts, and ensures the maintenance of vehicles. Adding to that, Sopriam offers its clients the possibility to sell and purchase used vehicles.

## Network

Sopriam has a network of branches and concessionaires deployed throughout Morocco:
* 6 branches in Casablanca dedicated to the sale of new vehicles, the sale of spare parts and the maintenance of vehicles
* 8 branches with spare parts outlets and workshops for vehicle maintenance in Mohammedia, Kenitra, Tangiers, Tetouan, Fez, Fes Saïss, Meknes and Marrakesh
* a site designed for clients to buy and sell used vehicles in Casablanca.