OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abu Nasr Muhammad

Abu Nasr Muhammad (died 1015 or 1016) was the ruler of Gharchistan from an unknown date to the 990s. He was from an Iranian princely family which ruled Gharchistan, and bore the title of Shar (meaning "greatness and lordship"). Although the family had already ruled the region before Abu Nasr Muhammad, he is the first known member of the family. His father was named Asad, and may have ruled before him.

## Biography

Abu Nasr lived during the lifetime of his suzerain, the Samanid ruler Nuh II (r. 976 – 997). Abu Nasr was fond of learning, and his court was visited by many scholars, whom he patronized. He also had a young son named Shah Muhammad. When his son became an adult, Abu Nasr abdicated in favor of him, and began completely focusing on increasing his knowledge. However, in 994, the Simjurid rebel Abu 'Ali Simjuri, whose family's power had grown strong, invaded Gharchistan, thus forcing Abu Nasr Muhammad and his son Shah Muhammad to flee from their homeland to a fortress, where they fortified themselves.
Luckily for the Shar family, the Ghaznavid prince Sabuktigin, who was a Samanid vassal, shortly attacked Abu 'Ali, and managed to repel the latter to Gurgan, thus giving the Shars the opportunity to reconquer their homeland. However, in 998, the Ghaznavids under Mahmud had grown so powerful that they declared independence from the Samanids, and soon began subduing the vassal states of the Samanids, including Gharchistan. In 1012, Mahmud used Shah Muhammad's bad behavior as an excuse to invade his domains in 1012.
Abu Nasr did not resist the invasion, and quickly surrendered to the Ghaznavid troops, while Shah Muhammad chose to fight the Ghaznavid troops, but was defeated and captured. While Shah Muhammad was treated badly during his captivity, Abu Nasr was treated with respect and was honored. Mahmud's vizier Ahmad Maymandi also greatly honored him, and even tried to protect him. Abu Nasr later died in 1015 or 1016, but his family is some decades later mentioned as serving the Ghurids.

## Sources

* Bosworth, C. E. (1975). "The early Ghaznavids". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 162–198. ISBN 0-521-20093-8.
* Houtsma, M. Th (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. Brill. pp. 1–299. ISBN 9789004082656.
| Preceded byAsad? | Ruler of Gharchistan ???–990s | Succeeded byShah Muhammad |
# Abel test

The Abel test is a method developed by the British chemist Frederick Abel (1827–1902) to determine the flash point of a given sample of petroleum in order to ascertain the temperature at which it could safely be stored or used.
The test was mandated by the British Petroleum Act 1879, which fixed the minimum flash point for general and commercial use at 73 °F (23 °C; 296 K).
# Milan Šteindler

Milan Šteindler (born 12 April 1957) is a Czech actor, screenwriter, and film director. He is a graduate of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. He won the Czech Lion Award for Best Director for his 1994 film, Thanks for Every New Morning. He obtained the Silver St. George Award for Directing at the 19th Moscow International Film Festival for the same film.
Together with David Vávra, he founded Sklep Theatre in Prague in 1971.
Along with Petr Čtvrtníček and Vávra, Šteindler wrote and directed the satirical television series Czech Soda. As an actor, he has appeared in over sixty films.

## Selected filmography

List of credits, with year, title, and function shown :
| Year | Title | Functioned as | Functioned as | Functioned as | Functioned as | Notes | Ref(s) |
| Year | Title | Actor | Director | Screenwriter | Role | Notes | Ref(s) |
| 1985 | My Sweet Little Village | Yes | No | No | Turek's co-driver | | |
| 1986 | Rosa Luxemburg | No | Assistant director | No | N/A | | |
| 1988 | Pražská pětka | Yes | No | No | Supervisor | | |
| 1989 | A Hoof Here, a Hoof There | Yes | No | No | Old man | | |
| 1990 | Vrať se do hrobu! | Yes | Yes | Yes | Víta Jakoubek | | |
| 1993 | Stalingrad | No | Assistant director | No | N/A | | |
| 1993–1998 | Czech Soda | Yes | Yes | Yes | Various | Television show | |
| 1994 | Thanks for Every New Morning | Yes | Yes | No | Member of StB police | | |
| 1995 | Brother of Sleep | No | Assistant director | No | N/A | | |
| 2000 | Out of the City | Yes | No | No | Hunter | | |
| 2003 | Mazaný Filip | Yes | No | No | Psychiatrist | | |
| 2004 | Skřítek | Yes | No | No | Slaughterhouse administrator | | |
| 2005–2008 | Dobrá čtvrť | Yes | No | No | School janitor | Television series – 14 episodes | |
| 2006 | Rafťáci | Yes | No | No | Dany's father | | |
| 2007 | Gympl | Yes | No | No | Physics teacher Milan | | |
| 2012 | Goat Story 2 | Yes | No | No | | Voice | |

## Awards and recognition

* Czech Lion Award for Best Director for Thanks for Every New Morning, 1994
* Silver St. George Award for Directing, Moscow International Film Festival, 1995
# Acerentomon noseki

Acerentomon noseki is a species of proturan in the family Acerentomidae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Acerentomon italicum

Acerentomon italicum is a species of proturan in the family Acerentomidae. It is found in Europe & Northern Asia (excluding China).
# Mike Raines

Vaughn Michael Raines (born February 14, 1953) is a former professional and college football player.
Raines was an Associated Press second-team All American his senior year at Alabama and was also chosen for the All-SEC defensive team. Raines was also the 1973 defensive player of the year at Alabama and played alongside Too Tall Jones in the 1973 Senior Bowl. Following the Senior Bowl Raines was drafted in the 1st. Round of the 1984 WFL draft by the California Suns and in the 6th Round of the NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers. Raines chose to play in the NFL for the San Francisco 49ers instead of in the WFL. Following the 74 season he left the NFL for the CFL and played for the Montreal Alouettes. Raines played in the Canadian football league for nine seasons for three teams, Montreal (1975), Ottawa (1975–1982), Winnipeg (1982). He was named CFL Eastern Conference All-Star in 1978 and 1981. Raines was also named 1st Team All-Pro Defensive End in 1981 as well.
Following the 1982 CFL Season Raines chose to leave the CFL and join the Birmingham Stallions in the USFL. Following the 1983 Season in the USFL Raines received several honors. Raines was the only unanimous All-Pro Defensive Player voted to the 1983 First-team All-Pro USFL defensive team. Following the 1983 season Raines was traded to The Jacksonville Bulls. During the 1984 Season Raines was severely injured during practice, diagnosis was severe head trauma, stretched Brachial Plexus. Even though injured the Jacksonville Bulls attempted to trade Raines to The Houston Gamblers of the USFL. Upon arriving in Houston Raines was given a physical and was told he had nerve damage, possibly a slipped disk and may need surgery. He was promptly returned to Jacksonville where he finished out the season on injured reserve and retired the following year.
# Military Merit Order

Military Merit Order may refer to:
* Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
* Military Merit Order (Württemberg)
# Yeakle Mill, Pennsylvania

Yeakle Mill is an unincorporated community in Warren Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Yeakle Mill is located on Mill Drive east of Pennsylvania Route 456.
# Roddenbury Hillfort

Roddenbury Hillfort is a univallate Iron Age hillfort in the parish of Selwood, Somerset, England. It is a Scheduled Monument and it was on the Heritage at Risk Register in 2011. In 2012 it was announced that it was to undergo major repairs following damage by off road biking. It is close to the later Hales Castle.
The site covers 0.84 hectares (2.1 acres). It some places the protective bank has been destroyed. In others it remains up to 1.6 metres (5.2 ft) high and has a 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) ditch below it.

## Background

Hillforts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".
# FreeBSD Foundation

The FreeBSD Foundation is a United States-based 501(c)(3) registered non-profit organization dedicated to supporting the FreeBSD project, its development and its community. Its current president is Justin T Gibbs and the executive director is Deb Goodkin.
Funding comes from individual and corporate donations, and is used to sponsor developers for specific activities, purchase hardware and network infrastructure and provide travel grants to developer summits. The FreeBSD Foundation is able to provide legal representation to sign contracts and agreements on behalf of the FreeBSD project, and also holds the FreeBSD trademark and related domain names.
The FreeBSD Foundation received initial 501(c)(3) charity status on December 7, 2000, and the Foundation was formally announced to the world on June 27, 2001.

## Board of directors

The current Board of Directors as of 2023 is as follows:
* Justin T. Gibbs, President and Founder
* Deb Goodkin, Assistant Secretary
* Cat Allman, Director
* Dr. Marshall Kirk McKusick, Treasurer
* Dr. Hiroki Sato, Director
* Andrew Wafaa, Vice President
* Dr. Robert N. M. Watson, Director
# Smerinthus saliceti

Smerinthus saliceti, the Salicet sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1875.

## Distribution

It is found in valleys and along streamsides from Mexico City north to western Texas, southern Arizona and extreme southern California.

## Gallery

The wingspan is 67–89 mm.

## Biology

Adults are on wing from April to September, probably in two generations.
# German trawler V 312 Hanseat

Hanseat was a German fishing trawler that was built in 1926 as Sirius. Renamed Hanseat in 1929, she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in the Second World War for use as a Vorpostenboot, serving as V 312 Hanseat. She ran aground and was wrecked in September 1942.

## Description

The ship 44.50 metres (146 ft 0 in) long, with a beam of 7.60 metres (24 ft 11 in). She had a depth of 4.15 metres (13 ft 7 in) and a draught of 3.68 metres (12 ft 1 in). She was assessed at 305 GRT, 109 NRT. She was powered by a triple expansion steam engine, which had cylinders of 33 centimetres (13 in), 53 centimetres (21 in) and 80 centimetres (31+1⁄2 in) diameter by 60 centimetres (23+3⁄4 in) stroke. The engine was built by J. C. Tecklenborg. It was rated at 100nhp. It drove a single screw propeller via a low-pressure turbine. It could propel the ship at 10 knots (19 km/h).

## History

Sirius was built as yard number 406 by J. C. Tecklenborg, Geestemünde, Germany for Sirius Handels GmbH, Germany. She was launched on 5 August 1926 and completed on 3 September. The fishing boat registration BX 189 was allocated, as were the Code Letters QVLB. In 1929, she was sold to the Hanseatische Hochseefisherei. Her port of registry was Altona. In 1934, her Code Letters were changed to DQNV, On 13 January 1931, Hanseat sank at Bremerhaven. She was refloated two days later.
She was scheduled to have participated in Unternehmen Seelöwe in 1940. On 3 May 1941, Hanseat was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine for use as a vorpostenboot. She was allocated to 3 Vorpostenflotille as V 312 Hanseat. On 20 August 1942, she ran aground and was wrecked on Naissaar, Soviet Union.
# Gibbovalva kobusi

Gibbovalva kobusi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China (Guizhou, Zhejiang, Hunan and Guangxi) and Japan (Hokkaidō and Honshū).
The wingspan is 6.5-9.2 mm.
The larvae feed on Magnolia kobus. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.
# B. poeppigii

B. poeppigii may refer to:
* Bromelia poeppigii, a Peruvian epiphyte
* Bufo poeppigii, a South American toad
# B. nobilis

B. nobilis may refer to:
* Banksia nobilis, the golden dryandra, great dryandra or kerosene bush, a shrub species endemic to Western Australia
* Bismarckia nobilis, a flowering plant species in the palm family endemic to western and northern Madagascar
* Bombus nobilis, a bumblebee species
# German submarine U-68

U-68 may refer to one of the following German submarines:
* SM U-68, a Type U 66 submarine launched in 1915 and that served in the First World War until sunk 22 March 1916
** During the First World War, Germany also had these submarines with similar names:
*** SM UB-68, a Type UB III submarine launched in 1917 and sunk on 4 October 1918
*** SM UC-68, a Type UC II submarine launched in 1916 and sunk on 17 March 1917
* German submarine U-68 (1940), a Type IXC submarine that served in the Second World War until sunk on 10 April 1944
# Smoke and Mirrors (Brett Dennen album)

Smoke and Mirrors is the fifth studio album by the American singer-songwriter Brett Dennen. It was released on October 22, 2013, by F-Stop Music/Atlantic Records. The album peaked at number 65 on the Billboard 200 album chart, number 10 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart, and number 19 on Billboard's Top Rock Albums chart.
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Brett Dennen; all music is composed by Brett Dennen, except where noted
# Sätofta

Sätofta is a locality in Höör Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden, with 1,348 inhabitants as of 2010.
# Sypna diversa

Sypna diversa is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species is found in Taiwan.
# Jerónimo Mihura

Jerónimo Mihura (6 July 1902 – 10 October 1990) was a Spanish film director who made a number of documentary films. He is also notable for a group of screwball-style comedies such as House of Cards (1943) and My Beloved Juan (1950). He was the brother of the writer Miguel Mihura.

## Selected filmography

* House of Cards (1943)
* The Road to Babel (1945)
* When the Night Comes (1946)
* Confidences (1948)
* In a Corner of Spain (1949)
* Troubled Lives (1949)
* His Heart Awake (1949)
* They Always Return at Dawn (1949)
* My Beloved Juan (1950)
* I Want to Marry You (1951)
# Smithland, Indiana

Smithland is an unincorporated community in Hendricks Township, Shelby County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

Smithland was platted in 1851 by Hezekiah Smith, and named for him.
A post office was established at Smithland in 1853, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1901.

## Geography

Smithland is located at 39°27′37″N 85°50′48″W﻿ / ﻿39.46028°N 85.84667°W﻿ / 39.46028; -85.84667.
# Sérgio de Queiroz Duarte

Sérgio de Queiroz Duarte (1934 – July 2024) was a Brazilian career diplomat. His last position was as United Nations High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. He was appointed by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in July 2007 and retired in February 2012. Duarte served as President of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs.

## Life and career

Born in Rio de Janeiro, Duarte served the Brazilian Foreign Service for 48 years. He was the Ambassador of Brazil in a number of countries, including Austria, Croatia, Slovakia and Slovenia concurrently (1999–2002), China (1996–1999), Canada (1993–1996) and Nicaragua (1986–1991). He also served in Switzerland (1979–1986), the United States (1970–1974), Argentina (1963–1966) and Rome (1961–1963).
In addition, he has been posted as the Brazilian representative to several international organizations, focusing on disarmament issues. In 2005, he was the President of the 2005 Seventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. From 2000 to 2002, he was the Governor for Brazil at the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). From 1999 to 2000, he was the chairman of the Board of Governors of the IAEA. From 1979 to 1986, he served as Alternate Representative of Brazil in the Office of the Special Representative of Brazil for Disarmament Affairs in Geneva. He was also posted to the Permanent Mission to the United Nations in Geneva from 1966 to 1968.
Duarte obtained his Bachelor of Law from Fluminense Federal University (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro) in 1958. He held a B.A. from the Brazilian School of Public Administration and he studied in the Brazilian Diplomatic Academy from 1956 to 1957. He was married and had two grown children. He died in July 2024.
# Słupsk Bank

The Słupsk Bank, formerly known as the Stolpe Bank (after the former German name Stolp of the now Polish city of Słupsk) is a bank in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Poland at about 54°58′N 16°36′E﻿ / ﻿54.967°N 16.600°E﻿ / 54.967; 16.600.
According to the 1917 Baltic Pilot, the bank is "situated 16 miles northward of Stolpmünde, is about 24 miles long east and west and 10 miles broad. It has on the greater part of it general depths of 5.5 to 10 fathoms [10 to 18 m], sand; the shoalest part is the northwestern, where there are several patches with from 4.25 to 5 fathoms [8 to 9 m] water, and at the western end, where there is a depth of 5.5 fathoms [10 m]. On the southeastern edge of the bank the water deepens suddenly to 16 and 18 fathoms [29 and 33 m] and on the other edges gradually."
It lies within the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone and is best known for its gravel deposits, yielding nearly 3,000,000 m$^3$ (3,900,000 cu yd) of gravel during 1985–2003.
# Azanja

Azanja (Serbian Cyrillic: Азања) is a village in Central Serbia, in the municipality of Smederevska Palanka. It lies in the region of Great Morava valley, on rivers of Jezava and Jasenica. Azanja is 160 meters above mean sea level. With 4,014 residents, it is one of largest villages in Central Serbia.

## History

The name Azanja origin from the Thracian (Thraco-Cimmerian and Phrygian) name "Azan". Azan first time appears in the Greek myth of Arcas and Ereto, as the name for one of their sons. The Turkish city of Çavdarhisar in ancient Phrygia, through history, had the almost identical name - "Aizanoi". From 1850 to 1950 it was known as the biggest village in Serbia and later as the biggest village of ex Yugoslavia. In 1950, when Azanja reached population of 12,500 it was split into three parts, Vlaški Do, Grčac and Azanja. Because of the large population, in 1922 it received the status of a town (varošica).

## Culture and education

Its culture happenings are mostly during the religious holidays. Village fair on Trnova Petka (8 August) has been held every year since the construction of the church in 1885. Since 1997, an ethno-culture manifestation "The days of Azanja bakings" is held during the fair, in 2006 the night of poetry and picture exhibitions. were added to the fair. There was also a "Gipsy's night" in Azanja in 2007.
There is one elementary school in Azanja, called "Radomir Lazić", Amateur Theatre Azanja and KUD Azanja (KUD - culture and arts society). At the end of 2005, a library was opened. Azanja has one football team, Šumadija.
Serbian Orthodox Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian is located in the centre of the village.

## Demography

According to the data from 2011, Azanja had a population of 4014 people. There are 3,370 adults (18+), and the average age in Azanja is 45.0 years (43.1 years for men and 46.9 of woman lifetime). In 1784, according to Ottoman records, Azanja had 14 Christian households, in 1942 there were 1,308 households and in 2002 there was 1,408. One family averages 3.35 persons (2002).
44°26′N 20°53′E﻿ / ﻿44.433°N 20.883°E﻿ / 44.433; 20.883
# Syracuse and Onondaga Railway

The Syracuse and Onondaga Railway, a horse-drawn city railway, was chartered on April 29, 1863, and opened on July 25, 1864, in Syracuse, New York. The line commenced in Downtown Syracuse at Washington Street and terminated at Oakwood Cemetery at Brighton Avenue where it connected with the Onondaga Valley Railroad. By 1890, the total length of the road was 2 miles (3.2 km).
In late 1890, the company merged with People's Railroad and ceased to exist.
# B. J. P. Mendis

B. J. P. Mendis (died February 2009) was the 43rd Surveyor General of Sri Lanka. He was appointed in 2004, succeeding P. A. Ariyaratne, and held the office until 2009. He was succeeded by S. M. W. Fernando.
# Jesús Ortiz

Jesús Ortiz may refer to:
* Jesús Ortiz (fencer), Cuban fencer
* Jesús Ortiz (football manager), Venezuelan football manager
* Jesús Manuel Ortiz, Puerto Rican politician
* Jessie Ortiz (Jesús Ortiz), American soccer player
# Robertson, South Africa

Robertson is a town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, known as the valley of wine and roses, at the heart of the wine route - Route 62.
Founded in 1853 and named after Dr William Robertson, a Scottish Dutch Reformed Church minister.$^{:302}$
Situated in the fertile Robertson Valley, farming and wagon building were the town's original industries. However, after the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899, the wagon building industry collapsed when the railways took over the transport of all goods.
Robertson subsequently became famous for its ostrich farming, but this industry collapsed as well shortly after World War I, and the farmers of the area turned to wine and fruit farming. Later, several successful racehorse stud farms were founded. Agriculture remains the mainstay of the town's economy.

## Tourism

Tourism has grown in recent years and the town has several Western Cape provincial heritage sites, such as the Pink Church (1859), the Museum (1860), the Edwardian-style house 12 Piet Retief Street (1904), the Victorian-style house at 59 Van Reenen Street (1914), and the Powder House (used as a store for gunpowder).
Robertson has a population of over 20,000 civilians

## Skydiving at Robertson

Western Province Sport Parachute Club (WPSPC) - Skydive Robertson, founded in 1972, is the oldest remaining skydiving club in South Africa. In July 2008, the club relocated to Robertson.
WPSPC operates from Robertson Airfield on weekends and public holidays and facilitates tandem skydiving and student training, and provides a facility for sports skydivers.
The 2011 South African National Skydiving Championships was hosted by Skydive Robertson and held at Robertson Airfield. This is the first time the national skydiving championships has been held in the Western Cape.

## Robertson Airfield

Robertson Airfield is an unmanned airfield, with a 1 600 meter asphalt runway, situated 1 km to the east of Robertson.

## Gallery

* The Klaasvoogds valley from a 4x4 on the Pat Busch Private Nature Reserve, Robertson Pat Busch Private Nature Reserve
* The Rosendal Winery & Wellness Retreat in Klaasvoogds, Robertson
* The Dutch Reformed Church