OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Richard Lederer (bridge player)

Richard Lederer (1894–1941) was a bridge player, writer and club owner.

## Biography

Born in Bohemia when it was part of Austria-Hungary, he settled in London. He was described by the Official Encyclopedia of Bridge as "the first great figure in British bridge". He was a "physically imposing man with personality to match". He was a member of the teams that won the Gold Cup in 1933, 1934 and 1939, and he represented Britain in the 1934 Schwab Cup challenge match against Ely Culbertson's American team. Before he tired towards the end of the match, he is said to have run rings round Culbertson. According to Guy Ramsey: "he was perhaps the most difficult opponent of all time. You could never be certain whether he was going down four or making an over-trick."
During World War I, his knowledge of German meant that in 1916–1917 he was employed by the British army at a listening post only 200 metres away from the enemy lines, eavesdropping on their telephone conversations. After the war he became a jewel merchant in Hatton Garden. In the mid-1920s, he fractured his hip, which kept him away from work for a year, after which his growing fascination with bridge meant that he turned to it as his sole way of making his living.
Initially only playing rubber bridge, in 1932 he watched part of the final of the 1932 Gold Cup. Very unimpressed by what he saw, he decided he could put together a team of rubber bridge players capable of beating the best duplicate bridge specialists, and duly did so the following year.
He was selected for the Great Britain teams that competed in the European Bridge Championships of 1933 and 1935. He made three appearances in the Camrose Trophy for England in 1937–1939, two matches being won and one lost. He won the Tollemache Cup in 1934 and the National Pairs the following year. His usual partner was Willie Rose, whom he partnered in the Schwab Cop and the 1935 European Championships among other events.
A number of top players, including Maurice Harrison-Gray, Terence Reese, Kenneth Konstam and Adam Meredith, honed their game at his eponymous club Lederer's in the late 1930s. Reese wrote of him: "I played part of my first season with Dick Lederer himself. He was a fine, instinctive, but also very experienced, player, and I learned a lot from him." In 1939, the club had to move to smaller premises and was renamed the Tyburn, Reese observing that "Dick was a big man in every way, but business-like he was not."
He became the first Honorary Secretary of the English Bridge Union. He was bridge editor of the Sunday Referee.
After Richard's death, his widow Peggy took over the running of his club. His son, Tony Lederer, was also a successful player, who in 1945 instituted the Richard Lederer Memorial Trophy in his father's memory.
He developed his own bidding system, the Lederer Two Clubs, and promoted it in the book Lederer Bids Two Clubs, published by Williams and Norgate (London) in 1934. He also wrote Modern Contract and Duplicate, published by Williams and Norgate in 1936. However, according to Richard Fleet, Jack Marx told him that both books were actually written by S.J. Simon.
# StrategyOne

StrategyOne, Inc. is the former name of a research and analytics consultancy. It was renamed Edelman Data & Intelligence in 2020.
The firm, led by Antoine Harary, is a subsidiary of the public relations firm Edelman. It oversees the agency’s approach to reputation, branding and communications research.
Edelman Data & Intelligence was ranked among the top 50 U.S. market research and analytics companies in the American Marketing Association’s (AMA) 2018 Gold Report.

## History

In 1999, Edelman launched StrategyOne, a market research firm that would live under its Daniel J. Edelman Inc. holding company. A year later, it launched the first instalment of the Edelman Trust Barometer.
StrategyOne acquired a research firm in 2011 called PluggedIN, which specialized in research online communities.
In 2012, StrategyOne was subsumed into a newly-launched research venture, Edelman Berland. The new venture took its name from leading industry figure Michael Berland, who was appointed as its CEO.
Upon Michael Berland leaving in 2016, the firm renamed itself Edelman Intelligence, under Antoine Harary's leadership. It announced in 2020 that it was changing its name to Edelman Data & Intelligence.

## Notable research

Its research has been highlighted in a number of major news outlets including the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, the Washington Post, and USA Today.

## Trust Barometer

Edelman Data & Intelligence is the research company behind the Edelman Trust Barometer, an international study conducted in 25 countries that focuses on the principles of trust in business, government, media and NGOs. The study has been running every year since 2000.
# Gunnar Persson

Gunnar Persson (13 October 1933 – 8 April 2018) was a Swedish cartoonist and comic creator. He was the son of Elov Persson, creator of one of Sweden's oldest comic strip characters, Kronblom. Gunnar began drawing the Kronblom comic strip in 1968 when his father's health got worse. Prior to Kronblom, Gunnar Persson had already drawn the comic strips Gus and Herr Larsson in the comic book 91:an.
# Garfield Township, Calhoun County, Iowa

Garfield Township is one of sixteen townships in Calhoun County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 230.

## History

Garfield Township was created in 1882. It was named for James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States, who had been assassinated the year prior.

## Geography

Garfield Township covers an area of 34.64 square miles (89.7 km$^2$) and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains one cemetery, Garfield.
# WorldNow

WorldNow was a New York-based software company founded by Gary Gannaway. WorldNow offered an integrated media platform enabling broadcasters, operators, and media companies to create, acquire, manage, analyze, monetize and distribute media assets (text, images and videos) across all digital platforms and on-air systems in a unified, end-to-end workflow. Through its turnkey multi-tenant software-as-a-service solution, WorldNow unified web content management, IP video management and delivery, mobile, over-the-top, analytics, social and advertising in one integrated solution. WorldNow's customers included CBS, Cox Media Group, Dispatch, Fox Television, Meredith Corporation, Media General and Raycom Media.
In August 2015, WorldNow was acquired by San Francisco-based Frankly in a $45 million cash and stock deal, itself later acquired by and becoming a subsidiary of Nexstar Media Group.

## Products

WorldNow's multi-tenant end-to-end platform could be licensed separately or as a fully integrated solution. WorldNow's platform as a service model provides complete control to develop, design and deploy custom workflows and consumer experiences with a complete set of rich APIs and SDKs. WorldNow's products include: web content management, online video platform, over-the-top (OTT), cross platform media logistics, mobile web and application and advertising monetization platform.

## Notable clients

* Raycom Media, which also owned a 37% minority stake in the company.
* Fox Television Stations (2015)
* Waterman Broadcasting Corporation (2011)
* Meredith Corporation and WFLA-TV. (2011)
* Media General (2013)
# SELC District of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod

The SELC District is one of the 35 districts of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS). It is one of the Synod's two non-geographical districts, along with the English District, and has its origins in the congregations of the former Slovak Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELC), which merged with the LCMS in 1971. The SELC had been formed in 1902 in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and had changed its name to the Synod of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in 1959 due to decreasing identification with the Slovak language and culture.
Spread over 11 U.S. states (Florida, Maine, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, and Connecticut) and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the great majority of congregations are in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions. The district now includes approximately 52 congregations and missions (the fewest of any LCMS district), subdivided into 4 circuits, as well as 13 preschools and 4 elementary schools. As of 2021, baptized membership in district congregations was 13,876, and communicant membership was 11,239.
SELC District offices are located in Macungie, Pennsylvania. Delegates from each congregation meet in convention every three years to elect the district president, vice presidents, circuit visitors, a board of directors, and other officers. Waldemar R. Vinovskis is the current district president, elected to his first term in 2018.

## Presidents

* Albert M. Marcis, 1972–1997
* Carl H. Krueger Jr., 1997–2015
* Andrew J. Dzurovcik, 2015–2018
* Waldemar R. Vinovskis, 2018–present
# Texas Bullets

The Texas Bullets were a team in the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL) in 1998. The Bullets franchise was owned by Wayne Stigler, who also was the team's head coach. The Bullets played their home games at the Bell County Expo Center in Belton, TX., with the team offices located in Temple, TX. The team's color's were: Black, Turquoise, & Silver. The Bullets suffered disappointing attendance and the costs of taking the team on a road trip to Hawaii to take on the Honolulu Hurricanes, proved too much. The team folded after ten regular season games. Of the eight clubs that were in the first batch of PIFL franchises in '98, six still existed. The Bullets franchise was moved to Austin, TX. in 1999 and renamed the Texas Terminators in the renamed Indoor Professional Football League.
The Bullets played three preseason PIFL games in 1997-1998. All were losses on the road:
* December 20, 1997 - Texas Bullets 22 at Utah Catzz 47 F
* March 28, 1998 - Texas Bullets 39 at Louisiana Bayou Beast 62 F
* April 6, 1998 - Texas Bullets 9 at Colorado Wildcats 49 F

## Texas Bullets 1998 Schedule

* April 11 - Texas Bullets 19, at Green Bay Bombers 47
* April 18 - Texas Bullets 24, at Utah Catzz 57
* April 25 - Honolulu Hurricanes 46, at Texas Bullets 40
* May 2 - Texas Bullets 28, at Madison Mad Dogs 35
* May 9 - Minnesota Monsters 32, at Texas Bullets 34 (OT)
* May 16 - Texas Bullets 49, at Green Bay Bombers 71
* May 23 - Texas Bullets 51, at Louisiana Bayou Beast 56
* May 31 - Madison Mad Dogs 44, at Texas Bullets 46
* June 7 - Texas Bullets 28, at Colorado Wildcats 51
* June 13 - Louisiana Bayou Beast 40, at Texas Bullets 37
* July 4 - Texas Bullets at Honolulu Hurricanes - Texas forfeits
* July 18 - Utah Catzz at Texas Bullets - Texas forfeits
* July 25 - Texas Bullets at Minnesota Monsters - both teams forfeit
* August 1 - Colorado Wildcats at Texas Bullets - Texas forfeits

## Texas Bullets 1998 Roster

* Anthony Allen (East Texas State) DB/WR
* John Henry (Baylor) RB
* Lamont Moore (Baylor) WR/DB
* Brent Alford (Baylor) WR/QB
* Greg Bower (Texas) DL/LB
* Butch Hadnot (Texas) RB
* Lee McCormick (Murray State) WR
* Jackie Warren (Waco Midway HS) WR
* Kevin Ward (Texas Tech) OL
* Lawrence Page (Ole Miss) RB
* Marc Saldana (Texas Tech) QB
* Trey Burke (East Texas State) OL
* Ken Otte (Texas) DL
* Bryan Blake (Tarleton State) LB
* Scott Carey (Tarleton State) OL
* Adrian Coe DB
* Joey Tate (Eisenhower HS) DB
* Rolf Schaeffer K
* Billy Watkins (East Texas State) K
* Tim Cook (none) OL/DL
* Matthew House (UOP/SRJC) LB
* Kevin Carter (U S Navy) LB / Coach
* Bobby Craig DB
# Raveniella

Raveniella is a genus of spiders in the family Anapidae. It was first described in 2010 by Rix & Harvey. As of 2017, it contains 9 Australian species.

## Species

Raveniella comprises the following species:
* Raveniella apopsis Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella arenacea Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella cirrata Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella hickmani (Forster, 1959)
* Raveniella janineae Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella luteola (Hickman, 1945)
* Raveniella mucronata Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella peckorum Rix & Harvey, 2010
* Raveniella subcirrata Rix & Harvey, 2010
# Flag of the Cherokee Nation

The flag of the Cherokee Nation was adopted by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma on October 9, 1978.

## Background

The Cherokee Nation is the largest of the three federally-recognized tribes of Cherokee in the United States. First recognized under the Franklin Roosevelt administration in 1941, it drafted a constitution under the name "Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma." The constitution was not finally ratified by tribal members until 1976.

## Design

A flag for the new nation was designed by Stanley John, and approved by the Cherokee Tribal Council on October 9, 1978. The flag has an orange field with the "Great Seal of the Cherokee Nation" at its center. The seal is surrounded by seven yellow stars with seven points. Each of the stars points toward the star in the center of the seal. The seven-pointed stars represent the seven clans of the Cherokee.
The current version comes the flag being modified in a resolution passed by the council on September 9, 1989. Then, a black seven-pointed star was added to the upper right-hand corner of the flag to represent the light that went out with the deaths of those who perished on the Trail of Tears. The official flag also has a green-and-black rope edging.
The Cherokee script in the central seal reads: "Tsa la gi yi A ye hli" (translation: "Cherokee Nation").

## Historic flags
### Peace Flag

Oral tradition states that the earliest Cherokee flag was the Cherokee Peace Flag, which had seven red stars with seven points, arranged in the form of the Big Dipper asterism on a white field. Tradition also states the Cherokee War Flag was the same design as the Peace Flag but with the colors inverted.

### Confederate Flags

In the 1860s, Cherokee Confederate troops, part of the Indian cavalry, carried battle flags adapted from the first Confederate flag, most notably the Cherokee Braves Flag of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles. One was captured at the Battle of Locust Grove. It displayed the original Stars and Bars with the addition of five red stars in the center of the white stars. The red stars represented the Five Civilized Tribes, who were aligned with the Confederate States. The center red star represented the Cherokee Nation.
* Cherokee Peace Flag
* National Color of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles

## Current

The flag used by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma is not the same as that used Eastern Band of Cherokee, as their seals differ.
# Tennessean

Tennessean refers to someone or something of, from, or related to the state of Tennessee, including:
* The Tennessean newspaper
* Tennessean (train)
# Jaya Sharma (activist)

Jaya Sharma is a queer feminist author based in New Delhi, India. She identifies as a queer feminist activist, working on issues of gender, education and sexuality. As the founder of Nirantar and part of the sexuality education initiative within Nirantar, she is involved with capacity building, research and advocacy.

## Life and career

She is a founder member of Nirantar, a Centre for Gender and Education based in New Delhi. Nirantar is an NGO based in India that deals with feminist and LGBT issues. She has been working on the rights and education of women and the LGBTQ+ community for over fifteen years.
She co-founded Pitara, a rural magazine which aimed at sustaining literacy in rural spaces by publishing relatable local and international news. This project was supported by Nirantar. The programme started in the wake of the total literacy campaign, and stopped functioning in 2010.
She is also the founder trustee of RAHI, an organization that works with women who are survivors of incest and Child sexual abuse. She also advocates for adolescent education and sexuality education. She also works on sexuality with women from marginalized communities through workshops.
She is also a co-founder of The Kinky collective, an Indian BDSM community that aims at destroying myths about the community practices.

## Academic work

She has authored papers on pleasure vs danger binary, which address the lack of agency rural and marginalized women felt over their sexuality before and after perspective changing workshop.
She also co-authored a landscape analysis of early child marriage in India. The research was approached from a feminist perspective, analysing the influence of sociocultural norms on gender and sexuality. The research also considers interventions which could be further used by the government, NGOs, and researchers so they can empower girls to achieve greater autonomy over their lives.
# Storakersvatnet

Storakersvatnet (Norwegian), Akersvatnet (Norwegian), or Aagkelsjaevrie (Southern Sami) is a lake in Rana Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The lake lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the town of Mo i Rana and less than 900 metres (0.6 mi) from the border with Sweden. The original lake was only 15.9 square kilometres (6.1 sq mi), but a dam was built at the northern end so that it can serve as a reservoir for the Rana power station. This dam has caused the lake to enlarge to an area of 42.3 square kilometres (16.3 sq mi).
# José Francisco da Terra Brum

José Francisco da Terra Brum (10 March 1776 – 22 January 1842) was a merchant, winegrower, and the first Baron of Alagoa on the island of Faial in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores.

## Biography

José Francisco da Terra Brum was born on 10 March 1776 on Faial Island. His parents were Francisco Inácio Brum Terra and Joaquina Clara de Noronha. His maternal grandparents were João Inácio Homem da Costa Noronha—a wealthy landowner, farmer, and soldier from an illustrious Angra do Heroísmo family—and Clara Mariana Xavier de Noronha Côrte-Real.
During his life Terra Brum became one of Faial's largest landowners. As titleholder to landed estates, he was known as a morgado. His properties were situated along the Ribeira da Conceição (literally, Stream of the Immaculate Conception) and the so-called Alagoa coastline in what were then the outskirts of the city of Horta, Faial. He also owned and maintained winegrowing properties on neighboring Pico Island, where he was one of the largest producers of Verdelho wine.
Throughout his life he served in various of the Kingdom of Portugal's public positions, including lieutenant colonel of local militias, knight of the Portuguese Military Order of Christ, knight of the Royal House of Portugal from 30 April 1794 onward, Captain-Mor of Faial from 14 March 1818 onward, and as a fidalgo of the Portuguese monarchy's privy council from January 1834 onward. On 22 December 1841, Queen Maria II of Portugal decreed Terra Brum the first Baron of Alagoa, creating the title in his favor.

### Family

José Francisco's ancestors the Terras and Brums were considered some of Faial's oldest and most illustrious families. José Francisco married Francisca Paula Brum e Silveira, whose ancestors the Silveiras were also key members of Faial's landed gentry.
Following José Francisco's death on 22 January 1842, his eldest son José Francisco da Terra Brum II became the second Baron of Alagoa. The second Terra Brum died in 1844, extinguishing the title. In 1901, King Carlos I of Portugal reinstated the baronage in favor of Manuel Maria da Terra Brum, José Francisco da Terra Brum's youngest son, and like his father before him one of Pico's largest winegrowers and a prominent public figure on both sides of the Faial-Pico Channel.
# Gartside v Sheffield

Gartside v Sheffield [1983] NZLR 37 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding liability for negligence cases against lawyers

## Background

Winnifred Herrold, aged 89, after suffering a fall and being admitted to a retirement home, on 2 October 1978 contacted her solicitor at the law firm of Sheffield, Young & Ellis (later to merge with Chapman Tripp) to draw up a new will to leave the bulk of her estate to Jack Gartside. The solicitor visited her at her resthome on 5 October and took her instructions to draw up the new will.
However, Herrold died on 12 October, without her solicitor getting her to sign the new will. This resulted in Gartside getting nothing from the estate, as the estate was given to her sister under a previous will. Gartside claimed the lawyers were negligent, whilst the lawyers said they did not owe a duty of care to a mere beneficiary. Gartside sued the five partners of the law firm, who were able to get his claim struck out by the High Court of New Zealand. He appealed.

## Held

The Court of Appeal of New Zealand reinstated his claim, saying they did owe a duty of care to a beneficiary.
# Tawengwa family

The Tawengwa Family are a prominent and influential family of Zimbabwe engaged in business, agriculture and politics. The original family business was Mushandira Pamwe Buses, which was established in the 1950s by George Tawengwa Snr. In 1960, George Tawengwa became the first black person in Southern Rhodesia to purchase a 1,872.0 hectare (4,626 acre) commercial farm, then called Rhodesdale Farm (renamed Zimdale Farm after independence, in 1980). George Tawengwa and his wife Mabel Tawengwa made news headlines in 1977 when they purchased five farms in cash transactions. George Tawengwa also built the Mushandira Pamwe Hotel in Highfield, Harare in 1972. George Tawengwa's sons, Solomon (1940–2004) and Charles (born 1954), also became prominent businessmen and farmers. They both served as Mayor of Harare. Solomon Tawengwa was put on the United States sanctions list in 2003 and remained there until his demise the following year.
# Green crombec

The green crombec (Sylvietta virens) is a species of African warbler, formerly placed in the family Sylviidae. It is widespread across the African tropical rainforest. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.