OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Parkinson Wilson

William Parkinson Wilson (late 1825 – 11 September 1874) was an astronomer and professor of mathematics who was born in England but spent most of his career in Australia.

## Life and career

William Parkinson Wilson was born in Peterborough, Northamptonshire to John Wilson, a silversmith, and his wife Elizabeth (née Parkinson). He attended Cathedral Grammar School in Peterborough and in 1843 won a scholarship to St John's College, Cambridge where he earned his BA (and was senior wrangler) in 1847. In 1849 he became First Professor of Mathematics at Queen's College, Belfast (later Queen's University Belfast). During his six years there he worked tirelessly to establish a Queens College astronomical observatory. In 1850 he published A Treatise on Dynamics (Hodges and Smith).
In 1855 he moved to Australia and, along with William Hearn, became one of the four founding professors of the University of Melbourne. He was active in the Philosophical Institute (founded in 1855) and its successor the Royal Society of Victoria. While at his earlier position in Belfast, Wilson had in 1856 advocated Melbourne as the site for a southern hemisphere observatory––long a goal of the Royal Society. In 1858 he demonstrated a model reflector for the proposed Melbourne Observatory, and lived to see it open in 1863.
He spent the rest of his life as professor of mathematics and astronomy at Melbourne. He is buried in Mornington, Victoria on 11 December 1874. He was 48 years old.
# William Rimmer (music)

William Rimmer (1862–1936) was a Lancashire composer and conductor of brass band music who was particularly well known for his marches.
Rimmer was born in Southport in 1862 into a musical family. His father was bandmaster of the Lancashire Volunteer Rifles and encouraged both Rimmer and his brother Robert in their musical studies. At the age of 15 Rimmer joined the Southport Rifle band as a side-drummer and then moved on to the cornet, eventually becoming the band's principal cornet soloist. As a young man he made himself into one of the finest cornet players in the country under the eye of Alexander Owen at Besses o' th' Barn Band. His prowess on the instrument became well known, and he was engaged as a soloist by many of the best bands of the day. He eventually gave up playing to concentrate on training and conducting bands. He started his conducting career with the Skelmersdale Old Band and the Skelmersdale Temperance Band where he saw excellent success at local contests from 1891 to 1895. Then like most of the top brass band conductors of his generation, he became associated with many different bands in the Lancashire area. At the height of his fame conducted every winning band at both the Crystal Palace and Belle Vue competitions between 1905 and 1909.
In 1999, a CD dedicated to his music, recorded by Fodens Courtois Band, was released on the Doyen label (DOY CD080).
On 29 July 2007, Phillip Hunt devoted his weekly "Sounds of Brass" radio programme on BBC Radio Devon to Rimmer and his works.
# Meat (EP)

Meat is the second extended play by British rock band Idles. The extended play was released on 30 October 2015. The three-year gap between the EP and the previous release Welcome is, to date, the longest gap between two releases by the band.
The four track EP has been described as a departure of the band's original post-punk sound and an embracement of a more pub rock and punk-oriented sound. The orchestration of the band's first two albums, Brutalism and Joy as an Act of Resistance have been linked to the sound of Meat.

## Background

In September 2014, the second track off the EP, "The Idles Chant", was premiered on BBC's Introducing the West session series. The track has been described as a departure from the band's original post-punk roots and contains a more pub rock and punk rock tone.
The first single off the EP, Queens was released a year prior to the EP release. The music video features a naked man wearing a wrestling mask while eating a bowl of hard boiled eggs. The staff of Crack described the music video as "confusing and disturbing". Laurence Day of The Line of Best Fit found the video to be entertaining and the track to be a more punk-oriented track compared to their work on Welcome. In a retrospective review, The Fat Angel Sings described the track as a cornerstone for Idles as a "brutal entity".
After touring in Spring 2015, the band re-recorded the tracks for their EP, which was announced on 2 October 2015. In describing the EP and its name, lead singer Joe Talbot said "we are lumps of imperfect meat".
In describing the album in contrast to Welcome, Talbot said in an interview with The Line of Best Fit that the members of IDLES are "better friends. Our music is more accomplished; in that we're more succinct with our message and sound, plus Bowen's not around to fuck around with pedals as he lives in London now. In short: we're much better and a shit-tonne heavier on record and live."
# Butow (surname)

Butow or Bütow is a German surname that may refer to the following notable people:
* Alfred Bütow (1902–1986), German art director
* Hans Bütow (1894–1974), German admiral
* Phyllis Butow, Australian health psychology researcher
* Robert Butow (1924–2017), professor of Japanese history at the University of Washington in US
# Bärlochsmühle

The Bärlochsmühle is a former mill near Straßberg in the Harz mountains in Central Germany.
The mill is located near the point where the Glasebach stream enters the river Selke and is linked to an iron works that was first mentioned in the records in 1467. At that time the two counts, Henry of Schwarzburg and Henry of Stolberg enfeoffed a meadow "bene den Strasberg nie unser Hutten" to the brothers Röder and von Harz, amongst others. After Straßberg was ceded to the state of Anhalt this enfeoffment was reaffirmed in 1511 by Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt. This iron works existed until at least 1566. Furthermore, it is probably that this mill was associated closely with the village of Birnbaum that was abandoned in the 15th century.

## Sources

* Eckhard Oelke; Elmar Hebestedt (2007), "Alte Hütten an der Selke", Der Anschnitt (in German), vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 193–194
# Bârz

The Bârz is a left tributary of the river Nera in Romania. It discharges into the Nera near the village Bârz. Its length is 12 km (7.5 mi) and its basin size is 28 km$^2$ (11 sq mi).
# Bârsău (disambiguation)

Bârsău may refer to several places in Romania:
* Bârsău, a commune in Satu Mare County, composed of Bârsău de Jos and Bârsău de Sus villages
* Bârsău, a village in Hărău Commune, Hunedoara County
* Bârsău Mare, a village in Gâlgău Commune, Sălaj County
* Bârsău (river), a tributary of the Someș in Maramureș County
# Bârzava

Bârzava can refer to the following places in Romania:
* Bârzava (Timiș), a tributary of the Timiș
* Bârzava (Mureș), a tributary of the Mureș
* Bârzava, Arad, a commune in Arad County
* Bârzava, a village in Frumoasa commune, Harghita County
# Bükkábrány coal mine

The Bükkábrány Coal Mine is a coal mine located in Bükkábrány, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 400 million tonnes of lignite, one of the largest coal reserves in Europe and the world and has an annual production of 3.5 million tonnes of coal.
# Megachile deceptoria

Megachile deceptoria is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pérez in 1890.
# William Thomas Jennings

William Thomas Jennings (1854 – 6 February 1923) was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in New Zealand.

## Early life

He was born in Auckland, where he attended St. Paul's school and subsequently became an apprentice printer in the offices of the New Zealander. Subsequently, he worked for a number of newspapers: the Thames Guardian and the Dunedin Guardian as foreman, then the Dunedin Age and The Oamaru Mail as manager, followed by a move back to Auckland in 1882 to become foreman on the Evening Star.

## Political career

A social reformer, he worked hard to represent men and women of the labouring classes and to improve their conditions. He was called to a seat in the New Zealand Legislative Council on 15 October 1892 as a representative of labour, and was known for his common sense, ability and courtesy. He also worked with the secretary of the New Zealand Tailoresses' Union to improve working conditions for women in that industry. He resigned from the Legislative Council on 23 October 1902, three years into his second term.
He stood for the Liberal Party and won the Egmont electorate in the 1902 general election, and held it to 1908. In 1908 he won the Taumarunui electorate but was defeated in 1911 general election. He won the electorate back in 1914, but on 14 May 1915 the election was declared void. He regained the electorate in the subsequent 1915 by-election and held it to 1919. In 1919 he won the Waitomo electorate but was defeated in 1922 general election.

## Personal life

His death in Wellington on 6 February 1923 was reported in The Argus (Melbourne). According to court documents, he died in Wellington but resided in New Plymouth as a widower with 3 surviving sons and 1 daughter. His wife Dora Mary Jennings (née Brannigan) of Tasmania, passed away 2 years prior aged 60, mother of his 6 children. According to their obituaries they had 2 sons killed during world war 1.

## Other positions held

He also held the following positions at various times in his life:
* lieutenant in the Hobson Rifle Volunteer Corps
* past district grand president of the order of Druids
* honorary secretary to the Auckland Liberal Association
* chairman of the Auckland Typographical Association
# Med vidöppna fönster

Med vidöppna fönster (With wide open windows) is the 18th studio album by Swedish singer/songwriter Tomas Ledin, released in March 2004.

## Track listing

Adapted from Spotify and Tidal.
# Med i mleko

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Popboks | |
Med i mleko (translation: "Honey and Milk") is the first solo album from Aleksandra Kovač, a Serbian R&B performer. It was released in Serbia and Europe in spring 2006.
Her first single reached #2 on MTV Adria Top 20 (beaten by Gnarls Barkley'S "Crazy"). Her second single, "C'mon Boy" reached #11 on MTV Adria Top 20. However, her third single from the album, "Nemoj ovako", didn't reach the charts. The third single has been released in January 2007. None of the 3 singles were released as CD singles, but only like videos.

## Track list

* "Intro" — 0:39
* "Ti" — 3:55
* "C'mon Boy" — 3:16
* "Lutrija" — 3:22
* "Nije nam vreme" — 5:29
* "Da te volim" — 3:21
* "A.K.'s Black Balls" — 3:37
* "Love Operator" — 3:33
* "Nemoj ovako" — 4:52
* "Ovde ti je dom" — 4:19
# Med solen i ögonen

Med solen i ögonen is the third studio album by Swedish singer-songwriter Lars Winnerbäck, released in 1998. The album was produced by Johan Johansson and released by Universal Music. The title track of the album was released as a single in February 1999. The album has been certified platinum in Sweden and peaked at number 13 on the Swedish Album Chart, which it did in 2011.

## Track listing

Adapted from Apple Music.
* Gråa dagar (4:52), Grey Days
* Tvivel (5:26), Doubt
* Mamma är säkert nöjd (3:57), Mom is Probably Pleased
* Idiot (2:56)
* Pacemaker (5:57)
* Pollenchock & stjärnfall (4:58), Pollen Shock and Shooting Stars
* Att fånga en fjäril (4:16), To Catch a Butterfly
* Vinter över ån (4:11), Winter on the Stream
* Solen i ögonen (3:31), The Sun in Your Eyes
* Med bussen från stan (4:30), With the Bus from the City
* Varning för ras (4:58), Beware of Avalanches

## Charts

| Chart (1998-2011) | Peak position |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 13 |
# Butterfield Overland Mail Route Lucian Wood Road Segment

The Butterfield Overland Mail Route Lucian Wood Road Segment is a historic stretch of road in Crawford County, Arkansas. It is a 3-mile (4.8 km) segment of Lucian Wood Road, extending northward from a junction with Armer Lane in Cedarville. This road section appears to closely follow the original alignment of the main road in the region in 1839, which connected Fayetteville and Van Buren. This road was used by the Butterfield Overland Mail service between 1858 and 1861, along what was described as one that route's roughest sections. It is now an improved and graded gravel roadway about 12 feet (3.7 m) wide, with several deeply-cut sections.
The road was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
# William M. Grace

William M. Grace (September 10, 1934 – April 25, 2004) was a building developer who played an important role in bringing casinos to the Midwest.

## Biography

Grace was born on a farm near Burlington Junction, Missouri. He received a B.S. and later an MBA from the University of Arizona in 1959. He taught at both the University of Arizona and later Arizona State University while working as a field engineer for Reynolds Aluminum in Phoenix. He then moved back to Missouri and in 1966 he founded W.M. Grace Construction and W.M. Grace Development Company initially headquartered in St. Joseph, Missouri, but later headquartered in Arizona. In 1970 Grace established branch offices in Denver, Colorado and Phoenix, Arizona with the latter becoming the corporate office. The company designed, built and/or leased shopping centers, office buildings, banks, hotels, casinos, apartments and industrial facilities throughout the central and western United States.
At the time of his death on April 25, 2004, Grace's company was ranked the 31st largest privately held company in Arizona and had constructed over 300 shopping centers in the United States.
Following his death the four Missouri and one Iowa casinos were sold to Herbst Gaming for $287 million. The Woodlands has subsequently closed. Money from these and other business activities are now used by the W.M. Grace Foundation.
# Béla Székely

Béla Székely (Born as Béla Weisz 17 July 1889 – 10 January 1939) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Finance in 1919 (until 24 June with Gyula Lengyel). After the fall of the Hungarian Soviet Republic he emigrated to Austria. From 1930, Székely worked in Berlin later lived in the Soviet Union. In 1938 he was arrested and executed during the Great Purge.
# 2024 Grand Est Open 88 – Doubles

Oksana Kalashnikova and Iryna Shymanovich won the title, defeating Wu Fang-hsien and Zhang Shuai in the final, 5–7, 6–3, [10–7].
Cristina Bucșa and Alena Fomina-Klotz were the reigning champions but chose not to participate.

## Seeds

* Wu Fang-hsien / Zhang Shuai (final)
* Oksana Kalashnikova / Iryna Shymanovich (champions)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | F-h Wu S Zhang | 4 | 6 | [11] | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Murray Sharan B Schoofs | 6 | 2 | [9] | | | | | | | | | |
| | S Murray Sharan B Schoofs | 6 | 2 | [9] | 1 | F-h Wu S Zhang | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | |
| | | | | | | C Rosatello K Zimmermann | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | | |
| | C Perrin Q Tang | 4 | 6 | [5] | | C Rosatello K Zimmermann | 3 | 6$^3$ | | | | | |
| | C Rosatello K Zimmermann | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | | | | | |
| | C Rosatello K Zimmermann | 6 | 4 | [10] | | | | | 1 | F-h Wu S Zhang | 7 | 3 | [7] |
| | | | | | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova I Shymanovich | 5 | 6 | [10] |
| | C Monnet M Rouvroy | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova I Shymanovich | 5 | 6 | [10] |
| | Y Cavallé Reimers Y Lizarazo | 5 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Cavallé Reimers Y Lizarazo | 5 | 1 | | | C Monnet M Rouvroy | 2 | 3 | | | | | |
| | | | | | 2 | O Kalashnikova I Shymanovich | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| | E Cascino E Jacquemot | 1 | 3 | | 2 | O Kalashnikova I Shymanovich | 6 | 6 | | | | | |
| 2 | O Kalashnikova I Shymanovich | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
# William Perraudin

William R. M. Perraudin is a British economist. He is an adjunct professor and former Chair of Finance at Imperial College London, specialising in the fields of risk and pricing of debt instruments. He is a director of the risk management software and consultancy firm Risk Control Limited.
As an expert in the field of risk as applied to financial regulation, Perraudin has been a special advisor to the Bank of England. He has long taken the position that the financial models in use by major institutions are insufficiently conservative.

## Education

From 1977 to 1981, William Perraudin studied French and History at the University of Oxford. From 1981 to 1983, he studied for a MSc in economics at London School of Economics, before gaining a PhD in economics from Harvard University. He earned an M.S. in applied mathematics, 1987 to 1988, also from Harvard.

## Career

Before moving to Imperial, Professor Perraudin headed the finance group of Birkbeck College, University of London. He also taught at Cambridge University
He is an associate editor of Quantitative Finance, the Journal of Banking and Finance and the Journal of Credit Risk.

## Selected publications

* Bernardi, Simone; Perraudin, William; Yang, Peng (2015). "Capital Floors, the Revised SA and the Cost of Loans in Switzerland" (PDF). www.fuw.ch. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William (April 2015). "Default Probability Risk and Securitisation Capital". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William (February 2015). "Risk Control Comment on Antoniades and Tarashev". www.riskcontrollimited.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Duponcheele, Georges; Linden, Alexandre; Perraudin, William (December 2014). "How to Revive the European Securitisation Market: a Proposal for a European SSFA". www.riskcontrollimited.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Duponcheele, Georges; Totouom, Daniel; Perraudin, William (March 2014). "Calibration of the Simplified Supervisory Formula Approach". www.riskcontrollimited.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Duponcheele, Georges; Linden, Alexandre; Perraudin, William (September 2014). "Securitisation Purchases by the ECB – What is "Senior Enough"?". www.riskcontrollimited.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William (January 2014). "Covered Bond versus ABS Liquidity: A Comment on the EBA's Proposed HQLA Definition Risk Control Limited (PDF Download Available)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William (July 2014). "High Quality Securitisation: An Empirical Analysis of the PCS Definition William Perraudin Risk Control Limited". ResearchGate. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William (2014). "Quantitative Impacts of BCBS 269 Securitisation Capital Approaches" (PDF). www.riskcontrollimited.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
* Perraudin, William, ed. (2004). Structured credit products : pricing, rating, risk management and Basel II. London: Risk Books. ISBN 1-904339-26-3.
# William Perrin (bishop)

William Willcox Perrin (11 August 1848 – 27 June 1934) was an Anglican bishop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Perrin was born at Westbury-on-Trym, Somersetshire, on 11 August 1848 and educated at both King's College London and Trinity College, Oxford. Ordained in 1870, he began his ministry with a curacy at St Mary's Southampton and was then vicar of St Luke's in the same city before his ordination to the episcopate as the Bishop of British Columbia. He was consecrated a bishop on 24 March 1893, by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. He was later translated to be the Bishop of Willesden. During this period he was also the rector of St Andrew Undershaft A noted Freemason (he kept the rectory until his death). He died on 27 June 1934 and is buried in the churchyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church, London. His sister Edith was a prominent social reformer.
Perrin unveiled and dedicated the Hampstead War Memorial in May 1922.
He retired in summer 1929, resigning his see in time for his successor's consecration on the Feast of St James (25 July). He became an Assistant Bishop of London until his death — he apparently retained oversight of Hampstead deanery throughout.
# Meena Parande

Meena Parande (12 December 1930 – 1 April 2022) was an Indian table tennis player. She was the 10th Indian woman to be crowned as a champion. During her career as a Table Tennis player from year 1948 to 1965, she was the National Champion four times. She represented India to England in 1954 and to Japan in 1956. On the International level, she toured Singapore, Bangkok, Vietnam, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. She received training from Mr. Chandorkar of Nagpur. After retiring from the Indian Railways team, she trained many players for Table Tennis from 1965 to 1985. The players trained by her, amongst others, include Dr. Charudatta Apte, Rajeev Bodas, Suhas Kulkarni, Ajeya Sidhaye, Neela Kulkarni, Nandini Kulkarni, and Sunanda Kane.
In 1951 her grandmother encouraged her to play table tennis. She learnt the nuances of the game very quickly and started playing competitive table tennis in 1951. Her rise in the sport was meteoric. She travelled extensively in India and abroad participating in table tennis matches at the national and international level. She was The National Champion for 4 years; first in 1954 at Baroda, in 1956 at Saharanpur, in 1957 at Ahmedabad, and finally the Triple Crown of Table Tennis in 1959 at Calcutta. She played for Maharashtra State from 1953 to '58 and then for the Indian Railways from 1959 to 1965. She is the first Maharashtrian woman to have represented India in World championship twice (London in 1954 and Japan in 1956). She also represented India in Asian championship at Singapore in 1954, Bangkok in 1955, Vietnam in 1961, and Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1963. She was ranked number 3 in Asia in 1954. She toured Sri Lanka and Pakistan thrice and won the local tournaments there.
While playing table tennis she coached many boys and girls in Pune, amongst those are the following:- famous neurologist Dr. Charudatta Apte, Ajay Shidhaye, Ajay Tulpule, Prakash Tulpule, Rajiv Bodas, S.K. Bayas, Makaranda Godbole, Shrikant Kale, Suhas Kulkerni, Nandini Kulkerni, Neela Kulkerni, Sunanda Kane, Ranjana Vaidya, and many more and thus popularized the game in Pune. Nandini Kulkerni, Neela Kulkerni, and Sunanda Kane all represented India at World championship and many more represented Maharashtra 'B' at Indian National championship.

## Sport career

Following her retirement from the Indian Railways team, she took great interest in studying "Yoga". She visited many "Yoga-Ashrams" in India, e.g. Munger in Bihar, Yogniketan in Hrishikesh, Arvind ashram in Pondicherry, Vivekananda Kendra in Kanyakumari, Raman Mahershi's Ashram and learnt many precious techniques in Yoga. She attended Vipashana shibirs (camp) in Igatpuri and rendered her services there for six months.
Parande resided in the Ashirvad apartments in Pune and led a healthy and peaceful life. Incidentally, her father, D. K. Parande, who was a barrister, was a sports enthusiast and was an excellent cricketer and tennis player.
# Bâtard (song)

"Bâtard" (English: "Bastard") is a song by Stromae from his second album Racine carrée.

## Chart positions

| Chart (2013–14) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia) | 37 |
| Belgium Dance (Ultratop Wallonia) | 28 |
| France (SNEP) | 52 |