OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Sungai Besi

Sungai Besi (formerly known as Sungei Besi) (English: Steel River) is a town and suburb within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The federal constituency of Sungai Besi existed from 1974 to 1995. Sungai Besi was a historical mining town with many heavy industries such as steelworks, waste steel plants and other steel industries. Sungei Besi Tin Mine site was the largest and deepest open cast alluvial tin mine in the world and in Malaysia. The town has since developed from a large area of village settlements.

## Background and progress

The town is still in its original settings. The village structures are from the early days of the town. Most of the buildings are built from wood and the pathways are narrow. There is also a modest century-old Chinese temple ( 仙四師爺廟(新街場) ) which is founded in 1901 inside the town area.
The vibrant area of Sungai Besi is located within the shops and the area near with the police station. Sungai Besi has many street vendors and traders in wet markets who sell mostly food items and fruits.
The Sungei Besi Tin Mine site was once upon a time the largest and deepest open cast alluvial tin mine in the world, as deep as 100 metres in some parts of the pit and with dangerously unstable slopes. Today, the site has been developed and occupied by Mines Wellness City.
Sungai Besi is also known for the Sungai Besi Airport (Simpang Airport) which was once the main airport for Kuala Lumpur until 1965, where it got relocated to Subang International Airport. The airport then housed the RMAF Museum and the Sungai Besi Air Base. It was used by the Royal Malaysian Air Force as well as the Police, Fire and Rescue services for aviation purposes until it ceased operations in early 2018 to make way for the construction of MRT stations and Bandar Malaysia development project.
A refugee camp for Vietnamese boat people was set up in Sungai Besi in 1982. It was consisted of two camp sites, one of which the location was approximately where Astro Bukit Jalil is situated today. The camp was officially closed in 1996 with the repatriation of 22 boat people to Hanoi, the last batch of refugees to leave Malaysia.

## Accessibility and transport

The township is easily accessible from the North–South Expressway Southern Route. The road into the township is only 400 metres from the Sungai Besi Expressway exit.
The main road in Sungai Besi is Jalan Suasa which is the main trading centre. Sometimes, it is packed with heavy vehicles and cars of many tourists who are in town to enjoy Sungai Besi's famed seafood.
The township is also served by the SP16 PY29 Sungai Besi station on the 4 Sri Petaling LRT line and 12 Putrajaya MRT line.
# The Catholic World Report

The Catholic World Report is an international news magazine published by Ignatius Press that covers issues related to the Catholic Church. It was founded by Joseph Fessio in 1991 as a print monthly. Its circulation was approximately 20,000 in 1995. From December 2011 it ceased print publication and transitioned to an online-only format. Its editors have included Robert Moynihan (1991–1993), Philip Lawler (1993–2005), Domenico Bettinelli, George Neumayr, and Carl E. Olson (2012–present).
CWR is often characterised as a conservative publication. Andrew Brown, a religion correspondent for The Independent, described it in 1993 as "a right-wing Catholic news magazine with an excellent record for accuracy". It has been a vocal critic of clerical sex abuse and associated corruption in the Catholic Church since the early 1990s. It campaigned against the liturgical use of the New American Bible Revised Edition, a modern translation which uses gender-neutral language.
# Uromyces junci

Uromyces junci is a fungus species and plant pathogen which causes rust on various plants including (Rushes) Juncus species.
It appears as a whitish peridium and a pale yellow mass of spores, it can be found on Pulicaria dysenterica, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus and Juncus subnodulosus.
It is mainly found in Europe, North America, New Zealand and parts of South America.
In 1994, it was found in Japan.
# Inquest of Sheriffs

The Inquest of Sheriffs was a commission held by King Henry II of England in 1170 into the conditions of local government in England.

## Background

In early Angevin England, sheriffs played an important part in local government, representing the Crown, keeping the peace, running the operations of the county and royal hundred courts and managing summons and similar legal orders. They usually managed the royal manors in their shire, collecting the rents and spending money locally on the Crown's behalf. They were typically members of the local baronage, but were appointed by the king, and they expected to make a profit from their office.

## Inquest

In 1170, King Henry II, who ruled over a network of lands across Europe, returned to England after several years of absence. He promptly established a commission to examine any malpractices in local government, which became known as the Inquest of the Sheriffs. The inquiry was widespread, extending not just to the King's sheriffs but to other royal officers, and even to the financial practices of the leaders of the clergy, the barons and burgesses in the towns. A series of local circuits were established, and the commissioners (in a contemporary's words) required “all the men of the realm, including earls, barons, knights, freeholders and even villeins in every shire to...give true testimony concerning the things of which the sheriffs and their men had deprived them”.

## Outcome

By the end of the year, 21 out of the 26 sheriffs in England had been dismissed from office. Of those retained, the majority were not barons, but members of the royal household; while sixteen of the new sheriffs chosen were already employees of the Exchequer.
The sweeping changes undermined the links between the local barons and the office of sheriffs, leaving the majority of holders as ministeriales. Henry also increased the role of travelling royal judges in the court system, and increasingly the role of sheriff became one of a local official whose purpose was to represent the royal bureaucracy and assist the judges when they visited, rather than acting as an independent power in their own right.

## Surviving returns

Unfortunately only two partial returns from the Inquest survive, one detailing payments to the Earl of Arundel in East Anglia, for such things as the aid for the marriage of Henry's daughter; the other payments to the sheriff from the borough of Worcester for the farm, for conveying prisoners, and for the royal marriage.
# Berit Bettum

Berit Marta Maria Haraldsen Bettum (31 January 1939 – 15 December 2023) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

## Early and personal life

She was born in Oslo as a daughter of professor Haakon Haraldsen (1904–2001) and Hilda Lucia, née Nickel (1907–1996). After finishing her secondary education at Hegdehaugen School in 1957, Berit Haraldsen studied French for one at the University of Toulouse and took commerce school at Oslo Handelsgymnasium in 1959. She graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.oecon. degree in 1966, having studied during the year 1964–65 at the London School of Economics. In June 1962 she married ship-owner Bjørn Bettum in Uranienborg Church.

## Career

Bettum was a mathematics and economics teacher in Tønsberg and Sandefjord, eventually serving as rector of the Vestfold branch of BI Norwegian Business School from 1985 to 1989. From 1990 to 1996 she was the chief executive officer of the family shipping company Gokstad. The company included the division Bastøfergen which operated the Moss–Horten Ferry.
From 1971 to 1975 she was a deputy member of Sandefjord city council, and from 1975 to 1987 she was a member of Vestfold county council. She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway for Vestfold for the terms 1977–1981 and 1981–1985. In total she met during 129 days of parliamentary session.
Bettum was a member of numerous municipal committees, as well a board member of several organizations and businesses. Among others, she was a board member of NAVF from 1978 to 1986 (deputy leader from 1983) and chairperson of NAVFs Utredningsinstitutt from 1980 to 1987. She sat on the committee that produced the Norwegian Official Report 1982:44, on press support. She was also a board member of the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments from 1975 to 1979 and of World Wildlife Fund Norway from 1987 to 1994. In banking and business, she was a supervisory council member of the Bank of Norway from 1981 to 1989 and Christiania Bank og Kreditkasse from 1983 to 1987, corporate council member of Årdal og Sunndal Verk from 1982 to 1986 and deputy board member of Den Norske Industribank from 1982 to 1990.
# Steven Conway (boxer)

"Super" Steven Conway (born 6 October 1977 in Hartlepool) is an English professional Super feather/Light/Light welter/Welter/Light middleweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s who as a professional won the International Boxing Organization (IBO) World light middleweight title against Mihaly Kotai, and lost it to Attila Kovács, and was a challenger for the World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental super-featherweight title against Gary Thornhill, and the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British super featherweight title against Alex Arthur.
# Renal clearance ratio

The renal clearance ratio or fractional excretion is a relative measure of the speed at which a constituent of urine passes through the kidneys. It is defined by following equation:
    $clearance\ ratio\ of\ X={\frac {C_{x}}{C_{in}}}$
* X is the analyte substance
* C$_x$ is the renal plasma clearance of X
* C$_{in}$ is the renal plasma clearance of inulin.
Creatinine is sometimes used instead of inulin as the reference substance; for example, the calcium-creatinine clearance ratio is used in an attempt to distinguish between different causes of a high plasma calcium concentration. It is easier to use creatinine rather than inulin as the comparitor as creatinine is produced by the body, whereas inulin has to be intravenously infused.
# Sungai Besar (state constituency)

Sungai Besar was a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that was represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly from 1959 to 2004.
The state constituency was created in the 1958 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.

## History

It was abolished in 2004 when it was redistributed.

### Representation history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Sungai Besar :
| Assembly | Years | Member | Party |
| Constituency created ||||
| Sungei Besar ||||
| 1st | 1959-1964 | Taiban Hassan | Alliance (UMNO) |
| 2nd | 1964-1969 | Taiban Hassan | Alliance (UMNO) |
| | 1969-1971 | Assembly dissolved | Assembly dissolved |
| 3rd | 1971-1973 | Taiban Hassan | Alliance (UMNO) |
| 3rd | 1973-1974 | Taiban Hassan | BN (UMNO) |
| 4th | 1974-1978 | Mohamed Ghazali Kantan | BN (UMNO) |
| 5th | 1978-1982 | Mohamed Ghazali Kantan | BN (UMNO) |
| 6th | 1982-1986 | Mohamed Ghazali Kantan | BN (UMNO) |
| Sungai Besar ||||
| 7th | 1986-1989 | Abu Samah Nordin | BN (UMNO) |
| 7th | 1989-1990 | Mahbud Hashim | BN (UMNO) |
| 8th | 1990-1995 | Husin Taib | BN (UMNO) |
| 9th | 1995-1999 | Ramli Norani | BN (UMNO) |
| 10th | 1999-2004 | Sallehen Mukhyi | PAS |
| Constituency abolished, merged into Sabak ||||
# The Catholic Weekly

The Catholic Weekly is an English language newspaper currently published in Sydney, Australia. It is published in tabloid format. Throughout its history, it has also been published as The Freeman's Journal and Catholic Freeman's Journal.

## History

The paper's history can be traced back to 27 June 1850 when it was named The Freeman's Journal, under the influence of editor and later-archdeacon John McEncroe (1794–1868). Printer and publisher Jeremiah Moore went onto running a successful bookstore. John Francis Blakeney (–1914) was one of its principal editors, commencing as an apprentice in 1867. The managing director until 1919 was Mr J. H. de Courcy, having started in the printing section of the paper about 1865. Initially based in George Street, Sydney, by May 1886 was moved to Lang Street, and in 1925, to the Hibernian Building, Elizabeth Street.
In 1932 its name changed to Catholic Freeman's Journal. In 1942, the Catholic Freeman's Journal merged with another Catholic paper, The Catholic Press, and became The Catholic Weekly which it remains today.
The Freeman's Journal was a general newspaper with a focus on Catholic and Irish affairs with an Australian outlook. The paper also campaigned for Catholic education in Australia. It often maintained an independent line, not controlled by the clergy.

## Digitisation

The various versions of the paper have been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program, a project hosted by the National Library of Australia.
# The Annunciation of Marie

The Annunciation of Marie is the English-language title of the 1991 French-Canadian film L'Annonce faite à Marie, an adaptation of the play of the same name by Paul Claudel.

## Production

The director of this film, the French stage and film actor Alain Cuny, was for years a friend and associate of the diplomat, playwright and symbolist poet Paul Claudel (1868–1955), whose sister Camille was possibly better known outside the French-speaking world. In fact, one of Cuny's late acting roles was in the 1988 film Camille Claudel, based on the sculptor's life. Before he died in 1955, the playwright asked that Cuny direct a picture based on his play L'Annonce faite a Marie, and in this somewhat stage-bound production, he honored that request. It was filmed in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Civry-la-Foret, France.

## Plot

Set at the time of the Crusades, it tells the story of love and tragedy, intermingled with mysticism. Jacques is betrothed to marry Violane, a beautiful and gentle woman. When she discovers that she has leprosy, however, the marriage is off, and she retires to a life of prayer at an isolated hermitage. Instead, Jacques marries her sister Mara. When Jacques and Mara's child dies shortly after birth, Mara implores her saintly sister to come out of isolation to bring her child back to life.

## Release

The film was released in France on 18 December 1991. It also premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on 15 February 1992. Ironically, it was never released internationally.

## Reception

In 1991 it won the Prix Georges Sadoul award and in 1992 it won the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the Berlin International Film Festival.
# Joyce Sullivan (mezzo-soprano)

Joyce Anna Sullivan (née Solomon, July 4, 1929 – May 14, 2017) was a Canadian mezzo-soprano and radio and television host who had an active performance career from 1947 until her retirement in 1970.

## Life and career

Born Joyce Anna Solomon in Toronto, she was educated as a vocalist at The Royal Conservatory of Music in her native city. From 1947 to 1954 she was a member of the Leslie Bell Singers; appearing with them in concerts and on radio and television. She also sang regularly on Jack Arthur's radio program Mr. Showbusiness and had her own radio program on CBC Radio in the early 1950s. From 1957 to 1959 she co-hosted the CBC Television program Showcase with Robert Goulet, and in 1960 she was host of the CBC radio program Talk of the Town. She appeared frequently as a soloist in concerts and on record with the Carl Tapscott Singers in the 1960s. She recorded the albums Folk Songs of Canada (1956) and The Songs of Joyce Sullivan (1965). Sullivan died on May 14, 2017, at the age of 87.
# Solvation shell

A solvation shell or solvation sheath is the solvent interface of any chemical compound or biomolecule that constitutes the solute in a solution. When the solvent is water it is called a hydration shell or hydration sphere. The number of solvent molecules surrounding each unit of solute is called the hydration number of the solute.
A classic example is when water molecules arrange around a metal ion. If the metal ion is a cation, the electronegative oxygen atom of the water molecule would be attracted electrostatically to the positive charge on the metal ion. The result is a solvation shell of water molecules that surround the ion. This shell can be several molecules thick, dependent upon the charge of the ion, its distribution and spatial dimensions.
A number of molecules of solvent are involved in the solvation shell around anions and cations from a dissolved salt in a solvent. Metal ions in aqueous solutions form metal aquo complexes. This number can be determined by various methods like compressibility and NMR measurements among others.

## Relation to activity coefficient of an electrolyte and its solvation shell number

The solvation shell number of a dissolved electrolyte can be linked to the statistical component of the activity coefficient of the electrolyte and to the ratio between the apparent molar volume of a dissolved electrolyte in a concentrated solution and the molar volume of the solvent (water):
$\ln \gamma _{s}={\frac {h-\nu }{\nu }}\ln \left(1+{\frac {br}{55.5}}\right)-{\frac {h}{\nu }}\ln \left(1-{\frac {br}{55.5}}\right)+{\frac {br(r+h-\nu )}{55.5\left(1+{\frac {br}{55.5}}\right)}}$

## Hydration shells of proteins

The hydration shell (also sometimes called hydration layer) that forms around proteins is of particular importance in biochemistry. This interaction of the protein surface with the surrounding water is often referred to as protein hydration and is fundamental to the activity of the protein. The hydration layer around a protein has been found to have dynamics distinct from the bulk water to a distance of 1 nm. The duration of contact of a specific water molecule with the protein surface may be in the subnanosecond range while molecular dynamics simulations suggest the time water spends in the hydration shell before mixing with the outside bulk water could be in the femtosecond to picosecond range, and that near features conventionally regarded as attractive to water, such as hydrogen bond donors, the water molecules are actually relatively weakly bound and are easily displaced. Solvation shell water molecules can also influence the molecular design of protein binders or inhibitors.
With other solvents and solutes, varying steric and kinetic factors can also affect the solvation shell.
# João Ricardo (footballer, born 1970)

João Ricardo Pereira Batalha Santos Ferreira (born 7 January 1970), known as João Ricardo (Portuguese pronunciation:), is an Angolan retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

The son of Portuguese settlers, João Ricardo was born in Sá da Bandeira, Portuguese Angola. He returned to his parents' homeland in 1974, aged four, with the family moving to Leiria where he started playing youth football, making his senior debuts with the same team, amateurs Sport Clube Leiria e Marrazes.
João Ricardo joined Académico de Viseu FC in the 1993 summer, playing four seasons in the second division and one in the third with the club. His first Primeira Liga experience arrived with S.C. Salgueiros, but he could only appear once in the league in his three seasons combined.
João Ricardo returned to the second level in 2001 with Moreirense FC, playing in all the matches in his first year as the Moreira de Cónegos side, led by Manuel Machado, promoted to the top flight for the first time ever. He maintained his first-choice status in two of the following three years, suffering relegation in 2005.
After more than one year without a club, 37-year-old João Ricardo returned to his nation of birth and signed for Atlético Petróleos de Luanda, being included in the squad that competed in the 2007 edition of the CAF Champions League. He retired from the game in the following year, but returned three years later for a brief spell in Indonesia with Semarang United FC.

## International career

João Ricardo opted to represent Angola internationally, his first cap coming in 1996 at the age of 26. Ten years later, he appeared with the national team in the Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt, in an eventual group stage exit.
João Ricardo was also selected for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, being a free agent with no competitive football played in one year at the time. He started in all three group stage matches for Angola in their first FIFA World Cup presence, conceding only twice and performing most notably in the 0–0 draw against Mexico.
After the tournament, João Ricardo was offered a contract by Iran's Zob Ahan Isfahan FC (the Iranian national team also faced Angola in the World Cup), but the deal eventually fell through due to undisclosed circumstances.
# Janice E. Rench

Janice Elizabeth Bingham Rench (December 13, 1939 – April 12, 2016) was an American social worker, lecturer, and writer. She was a victim's advocate in Cleveland and in the Boston area, usually working with survivors of sexual assault or domestic violence.

## Early life and education

Rench was born in Brockton, Massachusetts, the daughter of Clyde Anderson Bingham and Elizabeth M. Prentis Bingham. She graduated from Brockton High School.

## Career

Rench was a licensed social worker, and director of the Cleveland Rape Crisis Center. She later worked in domestic abuse counseling in Massachusetts. She wrote several books for teen readers, on sexuality and health issues. Rench's Understanding Sexual Identity (1990) was a finalist in the nonfiction category for the American Library Association's Gay and Lesbian Book Award (later renamed the Stonewall Book Award) in 1991. The same title was controversial in several school districts and restricted from teen library patrons in some locations.
Rench was one of three victim advocates who developed the original version of the Ohio Protocol for Sexual Assault Forensic and Medical Examination, in 1991. She served on an advisory panel of the National Crime Prevention Council. She gave an oral history interview in 2003 about the early years of the victim advocacy movement, and of rape crisis centers in the United States.

## Publications

* Feeling safe, feeling strong: How to avoid sexual abuse and what to do if it happens to you (1984, with Susan N. Terkel)
* Teen Sexuality Decisions and Choices (1989)
* Understanding Sexual Identity: A Book for Gay Teens and Their Friends (1990)
* Family Violence: How to Recognize and Survive It (1992)
* The Roller Coaster Ride: Bipolar Disorder (2010)

## Personal life

Bingham was married twice, and had three children. She died in 2016, in Framingham, Massachusetts, at the age of 76.
# Robert Madge

Robert Madge may refer to:
* Robert Madge (businessman)
* Robert Madge (actor)