OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alumni Gym

Alumni Gym may refer to:
* Alumni Gym (Loyola University Chicago) in Chicago, Illinois
* Alumni Gym (Elon University) in Elon, North Carolina
* Alumni Gymnasium (Dartmouth College) in Hanover, New Hampshire
* Alumni Gymnasium (Davidson College) in Davidson, North Carolina
* Alumni Gymnasium (Drake University) in Des Moines, Iowa
* Alumni Gymnasium (Rider University) in Lawrenceville, New Jersey
* Alumni Gymnasium (University of Kentucky) in Lexington, Kentucky, now officially known as Alumni Gym Fitness Center
* Alumni Gymnasium (WPI) in Worcester, Massachusetts
# Frederick Wheeler (public servant)

Sir Frederick Henry Wheeler AC, CBE (9 January 1914 – 5 August 1994) was a senior Australian public servant. He was Secretary of the Department of the Treasury from 1971 to 1979.

## Life and career

Frederick Wheeler was born on 9 January 1914. He was educated at Trinity Grammar School and Scotch College in Melbourne.
Wheeler began his Commonwealth public service career in 1939 in the Department of the Treasury. He rose to become Chairman of the Public Service Board, serving in the position for 10 years between 1961 and 1971. During his time at the Board, he reorganised its structure and put in a place a new, more professional qualification-based recruitment system.
He was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in November 1971.

## Honours

Wheeler was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1952, and a Commander of the Order (CBE) in 1962.
He was knighted in 1967. Sir Frederick Wheeler was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in January 1979.
# Sample preparation

In analytical chemistry, sample preparation (working-up) refers to the ways in which a sample is treated prior to its analyses. Preparation is a very important step in most analytical techniques, because the techniques are often not responsive to the analyte in its in-situ form, or the results are distorted by interfering species. Sample preparation may involve dissolution, extraction, reaction with some chemical species, pulverizing, treatment with a chelating agent (e.g. EDTA), masking, filtering, dilution, sub-sampling or many other techniques. Treatment is done to prepare the sample into a form ready for analysis by specified analytical equipment. Sample preparation could involve: crushing and dissolution, chemical digestion with acid or alkali, sample extraction, sample clean up and sample pre-concentration.
# Rochefort-sur-Loire

Rochefort-sur-Loire (French pronunciation: , literally Rochefort on Loire) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Layon.
# Yaz

Yaz may refer to:

## People

* Yazmith Bataz (born 1972), Mexican sprinter
* Yaz Mubarakai (born 1975), Australian politician
* Carl Yastrzemski (born 1939), American Hall-of-Fame baseball player
* Mike Yastrzemski (born 1990), American professional baseball player, grandson of Carl

## Other uses

* Yaz culture, an early Iron Age culture of Bactria and Margiana, c. 1500-1100 BC
* Yaz-class river patrol craft, Russian Coast Guard vessels
* YAZ, IATA code for Tofino Airport in Tofino, British Columbia, Canada
* yaz, ISO 639-3 code for the Yakö language, spoken by the Yakö people of Nigeria
* Yazoo, an English synth-pop band billed as "Yaz" in North America
* Yaz Pistachio, a female character from the comic strip Bloom County
* Yaz (drug), a brand name of the birth control pill ethinylestradiol/drospirenone
* YAZ, a programmer toolkit for development of Z39.50 clients and servers
* The Yaroslavl Motor Plant, formerly abbreviated ЯАЗ ("YAZ")
# Sybra albovittata

Sybra albovittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1943.
# Sodium (disambiguation)

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na and atomic number 11.
Sodium may also refer to:
* Sodium (PlayStation Home), a massively multiplayer online game
* Sodium (horse), a thoroughbred racehorse
# Atlanta from the Ashes (The Phoenix)

Atlanta from the Ashes, more commonly known as The Phoenix, is a bronze monument located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, symbolizing Atlanta's rise from the ashes of the Civil War to become a world city. The sculpture, dedicated in 1969, depicts a woman being lifted from flames by a phoenix, in reference to the phoenix of Greco-Roman mythology that was consumed by fire and rose from the ashes, just as Atlanta rose from the ashes after the city's infrastructure was burned by William T. Sherman's Union Army during the Civil War. The female figure has long hair and is seen nude above the waist, looking upward. In her raised arms she holds the legs of a gilded phoenix. The sculpture is mounted on a rectangular base. The monument is located in Woodruff Park, located in Downtown Atlanta.
The monument was a gift of the Rich Foundation in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Rich's Department store. The sculpture was designed by James Siegler, of Houston, Texas, but it was both sculpted and fabricated in Italy, by Gamba Quirino, and Feruccia Vezzoni, respectively. The monument was originally located on a viaduct adjacent to the first Rich's Department store on Martin Luther King Jr. Drive at Spring Street from 1969 to 1995. In 1995, the sculpture was restored and moved to its current location in Woodruff Park.
Since its creation, the sculpture has become an iconic symbol of Atlanta's rise from out of the ashes and destruction of the Civil War to become one of the most important international cities.
# Servi camerae regis

Servi camerae regis (Latin: "servants of the royal chamber", German: Kammerknechtschaft) was the status of the Jews in Christian Europe in the Middle Ages. The ruler had the right to tax them for the benefit of his treasury (camera regis), but at the same time he had a duty to protect them when they were in danger from others. The Laws of Edward the Confessor enacted in England in the 12th century defined the status of the Jews as follows:
   All Jews, wherever in the realm they are, must be under the king's liege protection and guardianship, nor can any of them put himself under the protection of any powerful person without the king's license, because the Jews themselves and all their chattels are the king's. If, therefore, anyone detain them or their money, the king may claim them, if he so desire and if he is able, as his own.
This status is found in several areas of Christian Europe during the Middle Ages. For example, in 1236 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor announced in Regensberg and Worms that all Jews in Germany belonged to the emperor's fiscus. Frederick also determined the extent of Jewish civil rights and their ability to work for Christians or hire Christians.
# Gerlinger

Gerlinger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carl Gerlinger, businessperson in the U.S. state of Oregon, nephew of George Gerlinger
* Christoph Gerlinger, German internet entrepreneur and venture capitalist
* George T. Gerlinger, lumber and railroad businessperson in Oregon, son of Louis Gerlinger
* Irene Hazard Gerlinger, first female regent of the University of Oregon, wife of George Gerlinger
* Louis Gerlinger Sr., lumber and railroad businessperson in Oregon
# Samuel Gilman Brown

Samuel Gilman Brown (1813–1885) was an American educator. He was born in North Yarmouth, Maine, the son of Francis Brown, president of Dartmouth College, graduated at Dartmouth in 1831 and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1837. He was principal of Abbot Academy for girls, 1835–1838. He was professor of oratory and belles-lettres in Dartmouth from 1840 to 1863, and held the chair of intellectual philosophy and political economy from 1863 to 1867. From 1867 to 1881 he was president of Hamilton College. Among his published works are Biographies of Self-Taught Men (1847) and an excellent and authoritative Life of Rufus Choate (two volumes, 1862).
He was the father of the theologian Francis Brown.

## Publications

* Memorial of Samuel Gilman Brown (New York, 1885)
# Sputoherpia

Sputoherpia is a genus of cavibelonian solenogaster, shell-less, worm-like, marine mollusks.

## Species

* Sputoherpia exigua Salvini-Plawen, 1978
* Sputoherpia fissitubata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
* Sputoherpia galliciensis Garcia-Álvarez, Urgorri & Salvini-Plawen, 2000
* Sputoherpia laxopharyngeata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
* Sputoherpia megaradulata Salvini-Plawen, 1978
# Solar electric propulsion

Solar electric propulsion (SEP) refers to the combination of solar cells and electric thrusters to propel a spacecraft through outer space. This technology has been exploited in a variety of spacecraft designs by the European Space Agency (ESA), the JAXA (Japanese Space Agency), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and NASA. SEP has a significantly higher specific impulse than chemical rocket propulsion, thus requiring less propellant mass to be launched with a spacecraft. The technology has been evaluated for missions to Mars.

## Overview

Solar electric propulsion combines solar panels on spacecraft and one or more electric thrusters, used in tandem. There are many different types of electric thrusters, including a so-called ion thruster, a term that is often incorrectly used to describe all types of electric thrusters.
It is also possible to generate electricity from the Sun without using photovoltaic panels, such as with solar concentrators and a Stirling engine.
A 50 kilowatt SEP system was studied in the 2010s for a mission to an asteroid. In February 2012, NASA awarded a contract for a Solar Electric Propulsion Flight System.
An example of work on this type of technology is Advanced Electric Propulsion System.
The NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) ion engine has been used with photovoltaic solar panels, which was tested on the Deep Space 1 mission along with Solar Concentrator Arrays (Launched in 1998 as part of the New Millennium Program).
SEP has been studied as a technology for a mission to Mars. In particular the high specific impulse of the ion engines could lower overall mass and avoid having to use nuclear technology for power when coupled with solar panels. A 1998 study for SEP for a human mission suggest that a human-sized spacecraft would need 600 to 800 kilowatts of electrical power coupled with ion engines with a specific impulse of 2000 to 2500 seconds.

## Mission examples

* BepiColombo mission to Mercury (launched)
* Dawn to asteroids Vesta and Ceres (completed)
* Deep Space 1 to asteroid Braille and comet Borrelly (completed)
* GSAT-9 communication (launched)
* Hayabusa to asteroid Itokawa (completed)
* Hayabusa2 to asteroid Ryugu (primary mission completed, extended mission ongoing)
* Lunar Gateway space station orbiting the Moon (under construction)
* Psyche to asteroid Psyche (launched)
* GSAT-20 (under construction)

## Electric propulsion technologies

* Resistojet rocket
* Ion thruster
** High Power Electric Propulsion
* Pulsed plasma thruster
* Hall-effect thruster
* Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
* Microwave electrothermal thruster
* Field-emission electric propulsion
* Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASMIR)
# Sobieski Coal Mine

The Sobieski coal mine is a large mine in the south of Poland in Jaworzno, Silesian Voivodeship, 350 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Sobieski represents one of the largest coal reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 134.1 million tonnes of coal. The annual coal production is around 6.4 million tonnes.
# Gergely Gaal

Gergely Gaal (born 3 June 1977) is a Hungarian educator and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from Fidesz–KDNP Pest County Regional List from 2013 to 2014 and from National List between 2017 and 2018.
Gaal joined Fidesz in 2004 and KDNP in 2006. He was elected deputy mayor of Solymár in the 2010 local elections. He became MP from the party's Pest County Regional List in March 2013, replacing László Salamon, who was appointed a member of the Constitutional Court of Hungary, as a result he resigned on 24 February 2013. Gaal was elected a member of the Committee of National Cohesion on 4 March 2013 and Committee on Youth, Social, Family and Housing Affairs on 10 June 2013.
He was elected MP again on 18 September 2017, replacing György Rubovszky, who died in office in June 2017. Gaal was appointed Ministerial Commissioner within the Prime Minister's Office responsible for the coordination and promotion of settlement development programs at the local level and from domestic sources on 10 December 2020.
# George Deacon

Sir George Edward Raven Deacon CBE FRS FRSE (21 March 1906 – 16 November 1984) was a British oceanographer and chemist.

## Life

He was born in Leicester, the son of George Raven Deacon and his wife Emma (née Drinkwater). He was educated (1919–24) at the Newarke School, Leicester and then the City of Leicester Boys' School. He went as a King's scholar to King's College London (1924–27) where he was awarded a first-class honours degree in chemistry in 1926 and a diploma of education in 1927.
His first post was as lecturer in chemistry and mathematics at Rochdale Technical School. In 1927 he was offered a place as a chemist on the Discovery Antarctic survey and sailed on Christmas Eve on the RRS William Scoresby, transferring in 1928 to the larger Discovery II. In 1937 he was awarded a Doctor of Science by the University of London for this work.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1944. His application citation read: "Since 1927 he has taken physical observations from HM Research Ship "Discovery II" and other vessels in all sections of the Antarctic Ocean, and has analysed and studied these observations. In particular he has described the movements, horizontal and vertical, of the water between the Antarctic Continent and the northern limits of the Southern Ocean, defining Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic areas which are proving significant in the study of the distribution of plankton and of free-swimming and bottom-living animals. He has shown that practically all the bottom water of the Antarctic origin in all the oceans is formed in the Weddell Sea."
During the Second World War he initially worked on HMS Osprey, Portland involved in anti-submarine warfare. This was decommissioned in 1941. He afterwards worked in Fairlie, Scotland, doing research on ASDIC for the Admiralty. In 1944 he joined the Admiralty Research Laboratory in Teddington, Middlesex to study ocean waves. In 1949 he was appointed as the first Director of the new UK National Institute of Oceanography which was later absorbed into the Natural Environment Research Council as the National Oceanography Centre, now UKRI.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1957. His proposers were James Ritchie, John Barclay Tait, Cyril Edward Lucas, and Vero Wynne-Edwards. He was awarded CBE in 1964 and knighted in 1977.
He retired in 1971 and died in 1984 at his home in Milford,Surrey.

## Family

He married Elsa Jeffries (d.1966) in 1940.

## Publications

* The Antarctic Circumpolar Ocean (1984)
# Keshishkend

Keshishkend or Keshishkent may refer to:
* Gegharot, Armenia
* Yeghegnadzor, Armenia
* Keşişkənd, Azerbaijan
# Georgia Keeps Pulling on My Ring (album)

Georgia Keeps Pulling on My Ring is the thirty-eighth studio album by American country music singer Conway Twitty. The album was released in 1978, by MCA Records.

## Charts

| Chart (1978) | Peak position |
| US Top Country Albums (Billboard) | 13 |
# Somano

Somano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 399 and an area of 11.8 square kilometres (4.6 sq mi).
The municipality of Somano contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Fossati, Altavilla, Sant'Antonio, Manzoni, Albere, Garombo, Curine, Peisino, Ruatalunga, and Costalunga.
Somano borders the following municipalities: Bonvicino, Bossolasco, and Dogliani.
# Pyrrho's lemma

In statistics, Pyrrho's lemma is the result that if one adds just one extra variable as a regressor from a suitable set to a linear regression model, one can get any desired outcome in terms of the coefficients (signs and sizes), as well as predictions, the R-squared, the t-statistics, prediction- and confidence-intervals. The argument for the coefficients was advanced by Herman Wold and Lars Juréen but named, extended to include the other statistics and explained more fully by Theo Dijkstra. Dijkstra named it after the sceptic philosopher Pyrrho and concludes his article by noting that this lemma provides "some ground for a wide-spread scepticism concerning products of extensive datamining". One can only prove that a model 'works' by testing it on data different from the data that gave it birth.
The result has been discussed in the context of econometrics.
# Solar eclipses on Mars

The two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are much smaller than Earth's Moon, greatly reducing the frequency of solar eclipses on that planet. Neither moon's apparent diameter is large enough to cover the disk of the Sun, and therefore they are annular solar eclipses and can also be considered transits.

## Eclipses caused by Phobos

Due to the small size of Phobos (about 20 by 25 km (12 by 16 mi)) and its rapid orbital motion, an observer on the surface of Mars would never experience a solar eclipse for longer than about thirty seconds. Phobos also takes only 7 hours 39 minutes to orbit Mars, while a Martian day is 24 hours 37 minutes long, meaning that Phobos can create two eclipses per Martian day. These are annular eclipses, because Phobos is not quite large enough or close enough to Mars to create a total solar eclipse. The highest resolution, highest frame rate video of a Phobos transit has been recently released from the Mastcam-Z on Perseverance rover.

## Transits caused by Deimos

Deimos is too small (about 15 by 10 km (9.3 by 6.2 mi)) and too far from Mars to cause an eclipse. The best an observer on Mars would see is a small spot crossing the Sun's disc.

## View from Mars

March 5, 2024: NASA released images of transits of the moon Deimos, the moon Phobos and the planet Mercury as viewed by the Perseverance rover on the planet Mars.

## View from Earth

Both moons are too small to cast a shadow on Mars that can be seen from Earth. However, shortly after the first artificial satellites were placed in orbit around Mars, the shadow of Phobos was seen in pictures transmitted to Earth. One of these photos was from the NASA rover Opportunity.
# Aztec mastiff bat

The Aztec mastiff bat (Molossus aztecus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is insectivorous.

## Taxonomy and etymology

It was described as a new species in 1860 by Swiss scientist Henri Saussure. Its species name "aztecus" refers to the indigenous Aztecs of Mexico, where this species was first documented.

## Description

It is one of the smallest bats of the genus Molossus. Its fur is chocolate brown and its patagia, nose, and ears are very dark brown. Individuals weigh 12–16 g (0.42–0.56 oz). Its forearm length is 34–35 mm (1.3–1.4 in). Its dental formula is 1.1.1.31.1.2.3 for a total of 26 teeth.

## Biology and ecology

It is nocturnal, foraging for its insect prey at night and roosting in hollow trees during the day. Unusually for its genus, females may become pregnant while still nursing a pup.

## Range and habitat

It is found from Jalisco and Cozumel Island in southern Mexico to Nicaragua and has been reported from Guatemala but not from El Salvador or Honduras. It has also been reported from southern Venezuela. It is endemic to Mexico. It inhabits a variety of forest habitats at elevations from near sea level to 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). It is generally documented at elevations greater than 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level.
# Midnight Taxi

Midnight Taxi may refer to:
* Taxi at Midnight, a 1929 German silent thriller film
* Midnight Taxi (1937 film), an American crime film
* The Midnight Taxi, a 1928 American early part-talkie thriller film
* "Midnight Taxi" (song), a 1990 song by Miho Nakayama
# Riverdale Academy

Riverdale Academy may refer to:
* Riverdale Academy (Louisiana) – a private, non-denominational school in Red River Parish, Louisiana, U.S.
* Salanter Akiba Riverdale Academy – a coeducational, private Orthodox Jewish day school in Riverdale, The Bronx, New York City
# Alowal

Alowal is a village in Toba Tek Singh District in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is 16 km in North West of Toba Tek Singh, accessible by a good metalled road. It is sandwiched between Jhang Toba road and Akalwala road. The M-4 Motorway is 6 km from Alowal.
Alowal consists of four parts, the main village covering one square area, Basti Odanwali, Basti Kashmerian and Azafi Basti. These parts are under the governance of the main part Alowal. About 5000-6000 people reside in Alowal. This village is linked with Union Council 25 UsmanPur. Alowal is an agricultural land associated with lower Jhang branch.
# George Dean Pitt

Major General George Dean Pitt KH (1781 or 1772 – 8 January 1851) was Lieutenant-Governor of the former New Zealand Province of New Ulster from 14 February 1848 to his death on 8 January 1851.

## Early life

He was born George Dean, the illegitimate son of George Pitt, 2nd Baron Rivers. In 1819 he adopted the surname Dean Pitt by Royal Licence.
Major Dean Pitt was stationed at Malta with the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) from January to September 1828.

## Arrival in New Zealand

Dean Pitt arrived with his family on the barque Minerva at Auckland on 8 October 1847. He was the second most important military man in the new colony during the governorship of George Grey. His son and two of his sons-in-law were part of the military establishment as well. His residence was located in Pitt Street, which had originally been called Pyt Street after a childhood home of the first governor William Hobson, it is likely the spelling changed because of Dean Pitt's presence.
Ill for some time, he died on 8 January 1851 while Lieutenant-Governor and was buried with full military honours in the Symonds Street Cemetery in Auckland. A number of retail businesses in Auckland closed for the day of his funeral.

## Personal life

He married Susan Baillie at St James' Church, Bristol, England, on 21 May 1818.

### Children

* Georgina Dean Pitt (11 April 1819–) Born at Clifton
* Emelia Marie Dean Pitt (20 June 1820–5 April 1877) Born at Edinburgh. m. 23 May 1848 at St. Paul's Church, Auckland, Captain J. H. Laye
* George Dean Pitt (14 June 1823–4 April 1883) Born at Cheltenham. m. 22 November 1842 Louisa Jones (18 February 1816–8 July 1889)
* Georgiana Dean Pitt (1822–23 May 1877)
* Louisa Dean Pitt (12 April 1825–7 April 1873) Born at Malta. m. 18 November 1848 Lieutenant George Hyde Page, at St. Paul's Church, Auckland
* Susan Dean Pitt (21 January 1828–) Born at Malta.
* Douglas Charles Dean Pitt (1829–) Born in Ireland. m. 10 December 1878 Alice Antoinette Birdwood at Mahableshwar, Bombay, India.
* Charlotte Marcia Dean Pitt (6 March 1830–7 April 1873) Born at Malta. m. 18 November 1848 Captain Charles Lavallin Nugent, at St. Paul's Church, Auckland
* William Augustus Dean Pitt (1833–8 November 1890) m. 11 June 1863 Anne Isabella Lloyd Gellibrand at Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. He was buried in Symonds Street Cemetery next to his father.
* Clara Eliza Dean Pitt (5 September 1838–1916) Born at Bristol. Died at Kensington, England, unmarried.
* Susan Dean Pitt (born 14 July 1847)