OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ravnedalen, Kristiansand

Ravnedalen is a park in the municipality of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The part is located in the borough of Grim, north of the centre of the city of Kristiansand, just to the northeast of the Baneheia recreation area. The park was constructed from 1874–1878 by military soldiers under the command of Colonel, later Major General, Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland.

## History

Ravnedalen was the former billeting area called Grimsmoen, which had room for about 1,200 soldiers. In the 1860s, the military camp was moved to Gimlemoen. There were plans for using the old camp area as a rifle range, but Colonel Wergeland protested and insisted that the area would be perfect for a pleasure garden. In 1872 Byselskabet, where Wergeland was a chairman, applied for fundings, and the park was constructed during 1874–1878, by soldiers with spades instead of weapons.

## Construction

The park was constructed as a romantic garden, in a valley with dramatic cliffs and waterfalls. A dam fointaine was built with natural pressure support from the nearby lake Baanetjønn. The garden has open areas for public arrangements like concerts, gatherings and festivals. The former gardener house is today used as a café. There used to be apes and peacocks, while today ducks and swans dominate the lakes. Some of Norway's largest spruce trees, planted around 1875, are found in the park. Exotic plants were imported and planted, like rhododendron, magnolia, mimosa, yew and cypress.

## Culture

In the 1880s and 1890s the area was used for public feasts. Today, Ravnedalen is one of Kristiansand's cultural sites, where concerts and other arrangements are held regularly. The location has a capacity of 5,000 spectators in front of the outdoor stage.
Gustav Lærum's 1917 bronze statue of Wergeland is located in Ravnedalen.
The granite rock faces that form the backdrop of the park is a popular venue for rock climbers. Ravnedalen has about 70 established climbing routes. The selection of routes spans several grades and comprise bolted, partially bolted and traditionally protected climbs.
# Sect of the White Worm

Sect of the White Worm is the first EP by Canadian metal band 3 Inches of Blood. It was self-released in April 2001.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by 3 Inches of Blood

## Personnel

* Cam Pipes – clean vocals
* Jamie Hooper – screamed vocals
* Sunny Dhak – lead guitar
* Bobby Froese – rhythm guitar
* Rich Trawick – bass guitar
* Geoff Trawick – drums
* This article about a 2000s power metal album is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Alpine skiing at the 2003 Asian Winter Games – Men's giant slalom

The men's giant slalom at the 2003 Asian Winter Games was held on 7 February 2003 at Owani Onsen Ski Area, Japan.

## Schedule

All times are Japan Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
| Date | Time | Event |
| Friday, 7 February 2003 | 10:00 | 1st run |
| Friday, 7 February 2003 | 13:00 | 2nd run |

## Results
### Legend

* DNF — Did not finish
* DNS — Did not start
* DSQ — Disqualified
| Rank | Athlete | 1st run | 2nd run | Total |
| | Niki Fürstauer (LIB) | 1:05.69 | 1:02.50 | 2:08.19 |
| | Tetsuya Otaki (JPN) | 1:06.04 | 1:02.92 | 2:08.96 |
| | Masami Kudo (JPN) | 1:06.30 | 1:02.68 | 2:08.98 |
| 4 | Yusuke Kaji (JPN) | 1:06.19 | 1:02.81 | 2:09.00 |
| 5 | Byun Jong-moon (KOR) | 1:07.09 | 1:02.54 | 2:09.63 |
| 6 | Ji Young-ha (KOR) | 1:06.75 | 1:02.94 | 2:09.69 |
| 7 | Hur Seung-wook (KOR) | 1:07.68 | 1:03.95 | 2:11.63 |
| 8 | Shohei Yokota (JPN) | 1:07.71 | 1:04.06 | 2:11.77 |
| 9 | Ren Ligang (CHN) | 1:10.43 | 1:06.63 | 2:17.06 |
| 10 | Alidad Saveh-Shemshaki (IRI) | 1:10.81 | 1:06.77 | 2:17.58 |
| 11 | Bagher Kalhor (IRI) | 1:09.68 | 1:07.96 | 2:17.64 |
| 12 | Hossein Kalhor (IRI) | 1:11.77 | 1:06.56 | 2:18.33 |
| 13 | Zhang Qingliang (CHN) | 1:11.72 | 1:08.26 | 2:19.98 |
| 14 | Sun Maoxin (CHN) | 1:12.59 | 1:08.96 | 2:21.55 |
| 15 | Kayrat Ermetov (UZB) | 1:13.28 | 1:09.53 | 2:22.81 |
| 16 | Jamil Mehanna (LIB) | 1:13.65 | 1:09.58 | 2:23.23 |
| 17 | Liu Changfu (CHN) | 1:10.36 | 1:14.01 | 2:24.37 |
| 18 | Nanak Chand Thakur (IND) | 1:18.70 | 1:13.46 | 2:32.16 |
| 19 | Chuni Lal Thakur (IND) | 1:20.18 | 1:13.58 | 2:33.76 |
| 20 | Muhammad Abbas (PAK) | 1:18.96 | 1:14.94 | 2:33.90 |
| 21 | Muhammad Iqbal Shah (PAK) | 1:19.91 | 1:15.43 | 2:35.34 |
| 22 | Jayaram Khadka (NEP) | 1:22.04 | 1:20.87 | 2:42.91 |
| 23 | Karomadin Akhioev (TJK) | 1:26.17 | 1:19.82 | 2:45.99 |
| 24 | Sher Afzal (PAK) | 2:54.56 | 1:20.29 | 4:14.85 |
| — | Kang Min-heuk (KOR) | | DNF | DNF |
| — | Farshad Tir (IRI) | | DNF | DNF |
| — | Andrei Drygin (TJK) | | DNF | DNF |
| — | Ruslan Issayev (KAZ) | | DNF | DNF |
| — | Viktor Ryabchenko (KAZ) | | DSQ | DSQ |
| — | Kaisar Kayrouz (LIB) | | DSQ | DSQ |
| — | Pramod Lama (NEP) | | DSQ | DSQ |
| — | Sawar Khan (PAK) | DNF | | DNF |
| — | Shamsoullo Zokirov (TJK) | DNS | | DNS |
| — | Chagnaagiin Aranzalzul (MGL) | DNS | | DNS |
# Simon Gates

Simon Philip Gates (born Bromley, 12 July 1960) has been Archdeacon of Lambeth since 2013.
Gates was educated at the University of St Andrews then Durham University. He was ordained in 1988. After curacies in Southall and Hong Kong he became Vicar of Clapham Park in 1996. In 2006 he moved to minister at Telford Park, a post he left in 2013 when he was appointed an Archdeacon.
# Simon Radley

Simon Radley (born 1965) is a British chef. He is a former executive chef of the restaurant Simon Radley at the Chester Grosvenor, known as Arkle. Part of the Chester Grosvenor and Spa hotel in the United Kingdom. Following Radley’s departure, the restaurant failed to retain its Michelin star in the 2022 guide after holding it for 30 consecutive years.

## Early life and career

Radley was born in 1965 in the English city of Manchester. While still a child, his family moved to Tring, Hertfordshire, where he lived until he was 16. He then completed a catering course at Crewe College (now known as South Cheshire College) and went to Mâcon, where he worked as a waiter for three weeks. Upon returning to England, he held a job in Wilmslow as a chef, before joining the Chester Grosvenor and Spa as chef de partie, in 1986.
Noted for having potential as a chef, Radley was encouraged to expand his experience and skills, and he therefore moved to London to work for a year at Inigo Jones, a restaurant in Covent Garden now known as The Forge, and run at the time by celebrity chef Paul Gayler.
In 1988, he returned to the Chester Grosvenor and, two years later, the restaurant was awarded its first Michelin star. Radley had further opportunities to expand his skills, spending time abroad in 1991 at the Peninsula Hotel in Hong Kong and the Mandarin Oriental in Bangkok. Closer to home, in 1994, Radley worked as executive chef at New Hall Manor in the West Midlands and later at the Nunsmere Hall Hotel in Cheshire.

## Career with Chester Grosvenor and Spa

After his four-year absence gaining experience in other establishments, Radley rejoined the Chester Grosvenor and Spa hotel in 1998. As executive chef and director of catering, he oversees all aspects of the hotel's restaurants, menus, and business catering, and recruits and manages a skilled team of chefs, apprentices and waiters. In recognition of Radley's success and expertise, Arkle was refurbished in the summer of 2008 and renamed Simon Radley at the Chester Grosvenor. In 2009, the restaurant was again awarded a Michelin star, its 19th in as many years and one of only five restaurants in the United Kingdom to have held the distinction for such an extended period. The restaurant failed to retain its Michelin Star in 2022’s guide following an extended period of closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the departure of Radley. The restaurant is set to reopen in mid 2022 following refurbishment, with Chester-born executive chef Elliot Hill taking the helm.
# Rasma Kārkliņa

Rasma Kārkliņa (born Rasma Šilde, often written Karklins) is a Latvian and American political scientist and politician. She worked as a professor of political science both in the United States and in Latvia. For two terms she was the Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she was also Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. In 2010 she won a seat in the Saeima, affiliated with the New Unity party.

## Education

Kārkliņa grew up in Germany, where her father Ādolfs Šilde was a diplomatic representative of Latvia. She attended the Free University of Berlin, where she graduated with a political science degree in 1969. She then moved to the United States and studied political science at the University of Chicago, earning an MA in international relations in 1971 and a PhD in political science in 1975.

## Career
### Academia

After obtaining her PhD from The University of Chicago, Kārkliņa became a professor of political science at Boston University. In 1980 she joined the political science faculty at the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she worked until 2008, and became Professor Emerita. She served two terms as Chair of the Department of Political Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago: the first from 1994 to 1996, and the second from 1999 to 2001. From 2002 to 2003, she was a visiting fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 2003 and 2004, she was Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In the 1993–1994 school year, Kārkliņa was a Fulbright Visiting Professor at The University of Latvia. Beginning in 2006 Kārkliņa was again a visiting professor at The University of Latvia, where in 2010 she oversaw research endowed by the European Social Fund. From 2003 to 2009, she was a member of the Council of Professors of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Latvia.
In her research as an academic political scientist, Kārkliņa specializes in Baltic studies, democratization particularly in Eastern European countries, and democracy and civil society in Latvia. Kārkliņa wrote several books. In 1986, she published Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from Below, which was published in another edition in 1988. In 1994, she wrote the book Ethnic Politics and Transition to Democracy: The Collapse of the USSR and Latvia. And In 2005, she published The System Made Me Do It: Corruption in the Post-communist Region, which in 2006 was translated into Latvian.

### Politics

In 2009, Kārkliņa was appointed an advisor to Imants Lieģis, the Latvian Minister of Defence.
In 2010, Kārkliņa joined the party list of the Civic Union party, and in 2010 she was elected to the 10th Latvian parliament (lv) in the New Unity party coalition. She served in the Latvian parliament for the duration of the 10th Saeima, and was also appointed to serve in the 11th Saeima during 2011.
# Mountain toucan

Andigena, the mountain toucans, is a genus of birds in the family Ramphastidae. They are found in humid highland forests in the Andes of South America, ranging from Bolivia to Venezuela. These medium-sized toucans all have olive-brown upperparts, a black crown, yellow rump, blue-grey underparts and a red vent.

## Taxonomy and systematics
### Extant species

Genus Andigena – Gould, 1851 – four species :
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
| Grey-breasted mountain toucan | Andigena hypoglauca (Gould, 1833) Two subspecies A. h. hypoglauca (Gould, 1833) A. h. lateralis (Chapman, 1923) | Southern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Plate-billed mountain toucan | Andigena laminirostris Gould, 1851 | Western Ecuador and far south-western Colombia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | NT |
| Hooded mountain toucan | Andigena cucullata (Gould, 1846) | South-eastern Peru to central Bolivia | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |
| Black-billed mountain toucan | Andigena nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839) Three subspecies A. n. nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839) A. n. occidentalis (Chapman, 1915) A. n. spilorhynchus (Gould, 1858) | Western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and far northern Peru | Size: Habitat: Diet: | LC |

### Former species

Some authorities, either presently or formerly, recognize additional species or subspecies as species belonging to the genus Andigena including:
* Saffron toucanet (as Andigena bailloni)
# Gal dubsar

The gal dubsar was a Hittite administrative title literally meaning "chief of the scribes". It is considered to be one of the most important and prestigious posts of the Hittite Empire as the gal dubsar was the head of the government.

## History

As the head of the Hittite government the gal dubsar received the most gifts from vassals of the Hittite Kingdom after the king and the crown prince. Sometimes the various gal dubsar would receive the honorific title of the dumu lugal ("Son of the King"), which was bestowed to important members of the government, who weren't related to the royal family.
The gal dubsar had under his jurisdiction all the scribes of the kingdom except for the lugal dubsar, who was the king's personal scribe.
# Gal gestin

The gal gestin was a Hittite military and administrative title literally meaning "chief of the wine stewards". It is considered to be one of the most important and prestigious posts of the Hittite Kingdom.

## History

As a gal gestin a commander was personally responsible for the safety of the king. In most cases he was a member of the royal family and usually the brother of the king.
A gal gestin would at times also participate in festivals, while like the gal mesedi he could command troops independent from the monarch's jurisdiction.

## Sources
### Notes

* ↑ Bryce p.110
* ↑ Beal p.356

### References

* Bryce, Trevor (2004-12-17). Life and society in the Hittite world. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927588-5. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
* Beal, Richard Henry (1992). The organisation of the Hittite military. C. Winter. ISBN 978-3-533-04562-5. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
# Galanin-like peptide

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide present in humans and other mammals. It is a 60-amino acid polypeptide produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland. It is involved in the regulation of appetite and may also have other roles such as in inflammation, sex behavior, and stress.
Findings additionally suggest that GALP could play a function in energy metabolism due to its ability to maintain continual activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via thermogenesis, which refers to the production of heat within living organisms. In addition, the administration of GALP directly into the brain leads to a reduction in the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which indicates the involvement of GALP in the neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and further adding to the evidence of the role of GALP in energy homeostasis.
# Galanin receptor

The galanin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, or metabotropic receptor which binds galanin.
Galanin receptors can be found throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and the endocrine system. So far three subtypes are known to exist: GAL-R1, GAL-R2, and GAL-R3. The specific function of each subtype remains to be fully elucidated, although as of 2009 great progress is currently being made in this respect with the generation of receptor subtype-specific knockout mice, and the first selective ligands for galanin receptor subtypes. Selective galanin agonists are anticonvulsant, while antagonists produce antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in animals, so either agonist or antagonist ligands for the galanin receptors may be potentially therapeutic compounds in humans.

## Ligands
### Agonists
#### Non-selective

* Galanin
* Galanin 1-15 fragment
* Galanin-like peptide - agonist at GAL$_1$ and GAL$_2$ but not GAL$_3$
* Galmic
* Galnon
* NAX 5055
* D-Gal(7-Ahp)-B2

#### GAL$_1$ selective

* M617

#### GAL$_{1/2}$ selective

* M1154 - has no GalR3 interaction

#### GAL$_2$ selective

* Galanin 2-11 amide - also called AR-M 1896, anticonvulsant in mice, CAS# 367518-31-8
* M1145 - selective compared to both GalR1 and GalR3
* M1153 - selective compared to both GalR1 and GalR3
* CYM 2503 (positive allosteric modulator)

### Antagonists
#### Non-selective

* M35 peptide

#### GAL$_1$ selective

* SCH-202,596

#### GAL$_2$ selective

* M871 peptide

#### GAL$_3$ selective

* SNAP-37889
* SNAP-398,299
# Arnaud Bamberger

Arnaud Marie Bamberger (born August 1945) was the former Director and Executive Chairman of Cartier.

## Early life

Bamberger was born in France to a branch of the Lumière family and studied both philosophy and economics in Paris, France.

## Career

During the mid-seventies whilst working as Sales Promotion Director for Rothmans, Bamberger was noticed by the then President of Cartier, Alain Dominique Perrin for his language abilities. He is tri-lingual. Arnaud subsequently spent several years as Cartier’s Export Director, based in Paris before moving to New York City where he took up the role of Vice President of retail, opening up 15 stores there. In 1987, he returned to France where after five years of working in Paris, he headed to London, England he remained Managing Director until his retirement in December 2015. In September 2010, Cartier International announced Arnaud Bamberger’s appointment into the new position of Cartier UK Executive Chairman.

## Awards

* Chevalier de l’Ordre National de le Légion d’Honneur (awarded 21 April 2009).
# Armillaria socialis

Armillaria socialis is a species of fungus in the family Physalacriaceae. It is a plant pathogen. Originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1815, it was transferred to Armillaria by Victor Fayod in 1889. It is found in Asia, Europe, and North America.
# Stratas

Stratas is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
* David Stratas (born 1960), Canadian jurist
* Diane Stratas (1932–2023), Canadian politician and businesswoman
* Teresa Stratas (born 1938), Canadian soprano of Greek descent
# Galiveedu

Galiveedu is a village in Annamayya district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Galiveedu mandal of Rayachoti revenue division.

## Geography

Galivedu is located at 14°02′00″N 78°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿14.0333°N 78.5000°E﻿ / 14.0333; 78.5000. It has an average elevation of 403 meters (1325 feet).
# Ravensburg (district)

Ravensburg is a Landkreis (district) in the southeast of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from southwest clockwise) Bodensee, Sigmaringen and Biberach, the Bavarian urban district Memmingen and the districts Unterallgäu, Oberallgäu and Lindau.

## History

The district dates back to the Oberamt Ravensburg, which was created in 1810 when the previously free imperial city Ravensburg and the surrounding area became part of Württemberg. In 1938 the Oberamt was converted into a district and most of the Oberamt Waldsee was merged into the new district. In 1973 the district Wangen was merged into the district, together with a few municipalities from the district Saulgau, Überlingen and Biberach. The district is also home to the toymaker Ravensburger.

## Geography

The landscape of the district consists of the Oberschwäbischen Hügelland and Westallgäuer Hügelland hils.

## Coat of arms

The coat of arms show a Lion, the symbol of the Welfen family. This family had their center in Ravensburg, before the area went to the Hohenstaufen family.
# Stine Westrum

Stine Westrum (born 29 May 1977) is a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Red Party.
Westrum was a local leader within the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees. When the Red Party nominated its candidates for the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election ballot, Westrum received "whole-hearted" backing from her union. She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo for the term 2021–2025. Starting in November 2023, she filled in for Bjørnar Moxnes as he was put on sick leave for mental health issues.
# Ray Amoo

Ray Amoo is a Nigerian professional fly/super fly/bantamweight boxer of the 1970s and '80s who won the Commonwealth flyweight title, and was a challenger for the West African Boxing Union flyweight title against Nana Yaw Konadu.
# Arnison

Arnison is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Billy Arnison (1924–1996), South African footballer
* Charles Arnison (1893–1974), British WWI flying ace
* John Arnison, British music manager and producer
* Paul Arnison (born 1977), British footballer
* Peter Arnison (born 1940), Australian politician
British photographer
# Raska

Raska may refer to:
* Raska Lukwiya (died 2006), third highest-ranking leader of the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group founded in northern Uganda
* Raska (region), spelling variant for the historical region of Raška, in Serbia
* Raska på, Alfons Åberg, a book by Gunilla Bergström
* Raska fötter, a popular Christmas song in Sweden
# Strahinja Erac

Strahinja Erac (Serbian Cyrillic: Страхиња Ерац; born 1994) is a Serbian politician. He was elected to the National Assembly of Serbia in 2022 as a member of the far-right Serbian Party Oathkeepers (Srpska stranka Zavetnici, SSZ).

## Private career

Erac is a graduated social worker from Kraljevo.

## Politician

Erac appeared in the twentieth position on the SSZ's electoral list in the 2016 Serbian parliamentary election. The list did not cross the electoral threshold to win representation in the assembly. In 2019, Erac was attacked and seriously injured by unknown parties in Kraljevo.
In the 2020 parliamentary election, Erac was promoted to the sixth position on the SSZ's list. He also appeared in the lead position on the party's list for Kraljevo in the concurrent 2020 Serbian local elections. The party's list missed the threshold at both levels.

### Parliamentarian

Erac was again given the sixth position on the SSZ's list in the 2022 parliamentary election and was elected when the list won ten mandates. The Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska napredna stranka, SNS) and its allies won the election, and the SSZ serves in opposition. Erac is a member of the assembly's defence and internal affairs committee and a deputy member of the committee on the diaspora and Serbs in the region.