OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wealthy (apple)

The Wealthy is an American apple cultivar, and was the earliest to thrive in the Minnesota climate. Horticulturalist Peter Gideon grew it after years of trial and error with various apple varieties, and the fruit was described in 1869.

## History

Before 1868, only crab apples grew reliably in Minnesota. Indigenous peoples in the area harvested other crops, but they did not grow apples. Early White settlers to Minnesota tried to grow apples using seeds and seedlings from their former homes to the east and the south, but their plants died, usually because of the region's harsh winters.
In 1853, Peter Gideon moved to Minnesota for health reasons and took a homestead with his family on the shores of Lake Minnetonka, near Excelsior. He had learned fruit-growing as a child, and when he arrived on his new land, he planted a bushel of apple seeds he had brought with him from his former home in Maine, Illinois. In the years that followed, Gideon experimented with apple and fruit growing, planting thousands of trees, but most of his trees died within a few years, if not right away, and none of them bore much fruit.
By 1861, Gideon and his family had only one surviving apple tree, a Siberian crab apple, and they were down to their last eight dollars. Determined to find an apple that would grow in Minnesota, Gideon sent the family's last dollars to an apple grower in Bangor, Maine, and got apple seeds and scions in return. Just one of the resulting trees, crossed with Gideon's Siberian crab apple, produced the apple that Gideon later named the Wealthy, after his wife, Wealthy (Hull) Gideon.
Until recently it was believed a Siberian crab apple was one of Wealthy's parents imparting the cultivar's cold hardiness; however, DNA testing revealed it is a cross between Duchess of Oldenburg and Jonathan.
He was a member of the Minnesota State Horticultural Society, and he shared his knowledge and his trees freely, giving scions away to anyone who asked for them. Soon, Wealthy apples were growing in many locations in Minnesota, as well as in other states, especially states in the Upper Midwest with similar climates. In 1870, Colonel John H. Stevens addressed the Minnesota Horticultural Society with these words:
   True, we were under a cloud for a long time. We planted but did not harvest. Our trees withered and perished. Whether it was the frosts of Winter or the sun of Summer that caused them to prematurely die, no one has been able to determine. Plant as we would, the trees sickened and died. No wonder, then, we became discouraged. Orchards to the third and fourth planting failed, a constant drain on the pocket without a ray of light in the future, influenced us in abandoning the enterprise. But those days, and their trials, have passed.
By the early 20th century, the Wealthy apple was one of the top five apples grown nationally, but beyond his employment at the state farm, Gideon never made any money from the Wealthy apple. The Wealthy apple also was the parent of other successful Minnesota apples, such as the Haralson, which was developed at the University of Minnesota's Fruit Breeding Farm in 1922.
# Arneckeville, Texas

Arneckeville is an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, in the U.S. state of Texas.

## History

The first settlement at Arneckeville was made in 1859 by U. Barbara Arnecke and others. The community was originally built up chiefly by German immigrants. A post office was established at Arneckeville in 1872, and remained in operation until 1954.
# Terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2021

This article is an incomplete outline of terrorist incidents in Pakistan in 2021 in chronological order.

## January

* 3 January - Machh attack

## February

* 22 February - Ippi shooting

## March

* 24 March - 2021 Chaman bombings

## April

* 21 April - Quetta Serena Hotel bombing

## May

* 21 May - 2021 Chaman bombings
* 31 May - May 2021 Balochistan attacks

## June

* 1 June - At least 4 terrorists were killed and 8 were injured in two separate attacks in Balochistan. Four soldiers were also killed and eight others were injured in the attacks.
* 4 June - 2 policemen were killed in a terror attack in Islamabad.
* 9 June - Two police officers protecting polio team were killed by unknown motorcyclists in Mardan.
* 23 June - 2021 Lahore bombing
* 28 June - 1 soldier of Frontier Corps Balochistan was killed in terrorist attack in Shapak, District Hoshab Balochistan.

## July

* 14 July- A Bus carrying Chinese workers in the Dasu area of Upper Kohistan District fell into a ravine after an explosion, killing 13 people, including nine Chinese residents and 4 Pakistanis, and injured 28 others.

## August

* 9 August - August 2021 Quetta bombing
* 14 August - Karachi grenade attack
* 20 August - Gwadar suicide attack
* 26 August - August 2021 Balochistan attacks

## September

* 5 September - 2021 Quetta suicide attack
* 11 September - Two soldiers of Frontier Corps South were killed and another was injured when armed men attacked their convoy in the Buleda area of Kech district.
* 15 September - Seven soldiers of the Pakistan Army were killed during an intelligence-based operation in the Asman Manza area of South Waziristan.
* 18 September - One police officer was killed by unidentified person in Takhtbai, Mardan.
* 24 September - Two security personnel were killed and five others injured in an attack in Awaran district.
* 25 September - Four security personnel were killed and two others injured in a bomb attack on a vehicle of the Frontier Corps in the Khosat area of Harnai district.

## December

* 18 December - 2021 Karachi explosion
# Stromboceros

Stromboceros is a genus of insects belonging to the family Tenthredinidae.
The species of this genus are found in Europe and America.
Species:
* Stromboceros albimaculatus Rohwer
* Stromboceros assamensis Rohwer
* Stromboceros delicatulus
# William Goulding (cricketer)

William Goulding (3 March 1813 – 11 June 1878) was an English first-class cricketer.
Goulding was born at Enfield in March 1813. A club cricketer for St John's Wood, Goulding played first-class cricket for Middlesex twice in 1851, against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's and Surrey at The Oval, scoring 14 runs across both matches. He later made a single first-class appearance for the MCC against Middlesex at Lord's in 1862, making a single stumping in his capacity as wicket-keeper. Goulding died at Hampstead in June 1878.
# Modal scope fallacy

A fallacy of necessity is a fallacy in the logic of a syllogism whereby a degree of unwarranted necessity is placed in the conclusion.

## Example

    a) Bachelors are necessarily unmarried.
    b) John is a bachelor.
    Therefore, c) John cannot marry.
The condition a) appears to be a tautology and therefore true. The condition b) is a statement of fact about John which makes him subject to a); that is, b) declares John a bachelor, and a) states that all bachelors are unmarried.
Because c) presumes b) will always be the case, it is a fallacy of necessity. John, of course, is always free to stop being a bachelor, simply by getting married; if he does so, b) is no longer true and thus not subject to the tautology a). In this case, c) has unwarranted necessity by assuming, incorrectly, that John cannot stop being a bachelor. Formally speaking, this type of argument equivocates between the de dicto necessity of a) and the de re necessity of c). The argument is only valid if both a) and c) are construed de re. This, however, would undermine the argument, as a) is only a tautology de dicto – indeed, interpreted de re, it is false. Using the formal symbolism in modal logic, the de dicto expression $\Box (Bx\rightarrow \neg Mx)$ is a tautology, while the de re expression $Bx\rightarrow \Box \neg Mx$ is false.
# Ralph Griffiths

Ralph Griffiths (c.1720 – 28 September 1803) was an English journal editor and publisher of Welsh extraction. In 1749, he founded London's first successful literary magazine, the Monthly Review (1749–1845), and remained its editor until his death in 1803.

## Biography

Griffiths was born in Shropshire, England, but little is known of his early life; he began his career as a watchmaker at Stone, Staffordshire, before moving to London around 1741 to work for the Fleet Street bookseller Jacob Robinson. In 1747 Griffiths erected the warning Sign of the Dunciad outside of his own shop. Two years later he launched the Monthly Review, which became an instant success and earned him an estimated £2,000 a year. The bookseller's sign warning dunces that The Monthly would have no mercy in exposing dull and uninteresting authors.
Throughout his life, Griffiths was an avid collector of books, pamphlets and essays. He was an early campaigner for improving the literary status of female poets and novelists, and in a 1798 review of Elizabeth Moody's Poetic Trifles wrote,
   the Age of ingenious and learned Ladies; who have excelled so much in the more elegant branches of literature, that we need not to hesitate in concluding that the long agitated dispute between the two sexes is at length determined; and that it is no longer a question, whether woman is or is not inferior to man in natural ability, or less capable of excelling in mental accomplishments.- New Series xxvii. 441
In 1748, Griffiths published his most famous pamphlet, "The Expediency and Necessity of Revising and Improving the Public Liturgy. Humbly Represented". In 1750, together with his brother Fenton, he published John Cleland's scandalous Fanny Hill, or Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure", which he had bought for £20, but which earned him a reputed £10,000.
More grounded than her husband, Griffiths' wife largely looked after his financial affairs and was a regular contributor to The Monthly. Mrs Griffiths has variously been described as "his literary wife", and "an antiquated female critic". However, Griffiths ran into financial difficulties, and c. 1761 he was forced to sell a one-quarter share of The Monthly due to competition from the rival periodical The Critical Review.
Griffiths' editorship of The Monthly brought him fame abroad, and on 1 May 1764, Benjamin Franklin wrote,
   I will do everything in my power to recommend the work Mr. Griffiths mentions, having the same sentiments of it that you express. But I conceive many more of them come to America than he imagines. Our booksellers, perhaps, write for but few, but the reason is that a multitude of our people trade more or less to London; and all that are bookishly disposed receive the reviews singly from their correspondents as they come out.
By 1780, he had again recovered sole ownership of the publication, though he had by then largely "retired from his public situation as a bookseller". He died, in his eighties, at Linden House, Turnham Green (now Chiswick High Road), London.
# International Corporate Accountability Roundtable

The International Corporate Accountability Roundtable (ICAR) is a coalition of human rights groups focused on corporate accountability in the United States. Its mission is "to harness the power of the human rights community to identify and promote robust frameworks for corporate accountability, strengthen current measures and defend existing laws, policies and legal precedents." ICAR's Steering Committee includes EarthRights International, Human Rights Watch, Human Rights First, Global Witness and Amnesty International.
Formed in 2010, ICAR has campaigned for regulations that would restrict the sale of conflict minerals, in defense of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and in support of a Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act which would, in effect, extend the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act to include non-military contractors.
ICAR advocated for California SB 861, which passed in September, 2011 and made California the first US state to pass legislation restricting conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
# Zrizer

Zrizer is a commune in the Taounate Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 7934 people living in 1500 households.
# Shaogang, Ningxia

Shaogang (simplified Chinese: 邵岗; traditional Chinese: 邵崗; pinyin: Shàogāng) is a town under the administration of Qingtongxia, Ningxia, China. As of 2018, it has one residential community and 15 villages under its administration.
# Arnee and the Terminaters

Arnee and the Terminaters were a British novelty one-hit wonder music group known for their 1991 single "I'll Be Back".

## "I'll Be Back"

"I'll Be Back" (subtitled "The Dancefloor Devastation Kick-Up" on the back of the single sleeve) was performed on screen by Greg Sewell as Arnee, written and produced by Richard Easter (a member of Steve Wright's "posse" on his BBC Radio 1 show of the time) and Mike Woolmans.
It was released on the Epic label, and entered the UK Singles Chart in August 1991, peaking at No. 5. In Australia, the song peaked at number 20.
The song parodies both Austrian actor Arnold ("Arnie") Schwarzenegger's in-film catchphrase, "I'll be back" and his role in the Terminator films, particularly Terminator 2: Judgment Day, which had been released the previous month. Many phrases from the latter film are featured, such as "I'll be back", "Hasta la vista, baby", "It's nothing personal" and "I swear I will not hurt anybody". Also referenced is "If you're lying, I'll be back", which is not from either of the then-extant Terminator films but was in fact from the 1980 exploitation movie The Exterminator. However, a similar line was used by Schwarzenegger in the 1988 film Twins ( "If you're lying to me...I'll be back").

### Lyrical themes

Lyrically, "I'll Be Back" consists of singer and protagonist "Arnee" informing the listener that "it's not that I'm ill-mannered or a psychopathic hater, I just like to be treated right like any Terminator" before driving home the central message that "you don't need 'please' or 'thank you', you just need 'I'll be back'". In the final verse, he advises the listener to follow the same path in difficult situations such as when "your lover gives you the elbow or you're threatened with the sack".
# Joseph Shortlidge

Joseph Shortlidge (August 1, 1832 – December 10, 1911) was the sixth president of the Pennsylvania State University, serving from July 1880 until April 1881.
# Arvind Rajaraman

Arvind Rajaraman is an Indian-born theoretical physicist and string theorist. Rajaraman earned his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He is an associate professor at University of California, Irvine.
The first time that India received any medals in International Mathematics Olympiad (IMO) was in 1989, when four among six Indian participants received a bronze medal. Rajaraman was one of these four bronze medal winning participants. Rajaraman was also part of the UC Irvine team whose research contributed to the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics.
# Agoudim

Agoudim is a commune in Midelt Province of the Drâa-Tafilalet administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 4431 people living in 714 households.
# Sahib Khazal

Sahib Khazal (born 1 January 1943) is a former Iraqi football defender who played for Iraq in the 1972 AFC Asian Cup. He played for Iraq between 1963 and 1975.
He was part of the team that played their first World Cup qualifiers in 1974.
# Steve Nemesh

Stephen Nemesh (born István Nemes, December 31, 1896 – September 18, 1975) was an American racing driver.

## Biography

Nemesh was born István Nemes but anglicized his name after immigrating to the U.S. He became a U.S. citizen in 1924.
Nemesh competed in the 1921 Pikes Peak Hill Climb, driving a Paige Special as a teammate to Ralph Mulford.
His only American Championship car racing start was the 1926 Indianapolis 500, where he drove an Argyle powered Schmidt chassis. He started 22nd and was sidelined after completing 41 laps by transmission failure. He was credited with 21st place. He drove as a relief driver in the 1927 Indianapolis 500 for Dave Evans.

## Motorsports career results
### Indianapolis 500 results

| Year | Car | Start | Qual | Rank | Finish | Laps | Led | Retired |
| 1926 | 24 | 22 | 92.937 | 23 | 21 | 41 | 0 | Transmission |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 41 | 0 | |
| Starts | 1 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Front Row | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Top 5 | 0 |
| Top 10 | 0 |
| Retired | 1 |
# San Pietro in Valle, Fano

San Pietro in Valle is a baroque-style church located on Via Nolfi/Via San Francesco in the town of Fano, province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy.

## History

A more ancient church dedicated to St Peter had been located at this spot, in the incline (ad vallum) between the old Roman town and the coast. The location gave the church an original name that changed into in valle. The present church was erected by the Oratorians, who called on Giovanni Battista Cavagna from Naples to design the church just after 1608 until his death in 1613. The church was consecrated in 1617. The facade remain incomplete, although the interior is rich in decoration.
The dome was built (1696) atop an octagonal tiburium by Girolamo Caccia, and decorated on the interior by Lauro Buonaguardia in 1699-1700. The stucco-work (1619) was completed by Pietro Solari, while the frescoes were painted (1618-1620) by Antonio Viviani of Urbino, who painted Meeting of St Peter and Paul, Crucifixion of St Peter, Glory of St Peter, St Peter lies about Jesus, Fall of Simon Magus, Christ walks on Water, Quo Vadis, and Embarcation of St Paul in Malta. Some of the sculptural main altar decoration (1710) is by Giorgio Ferretti.
Most of the original altarpieces of the church have mainly been moved to the Pinacoteca Civica. Viviani also painted an Annunciation in the presbytery and two canvases in the chapel of St Paul (Fall and Decapitation of St Paul). The third chape on the left has a canvas depicting St Paul resuscitates Eutichius by Lorenzo Garbieri. The first chapel on the left, has an Annunciation (1621) by Guido Reni. The first chapel on the right has an altarpiece depicting the Virgin appears to St Phillip Neri (1699) by Luigi Garzi. The third chapel on the right has two canvases depicting a Crucifixion and Deposition by Alessandro Vitali, placed adjacent to a wooden Crucifix by Pietro Liberi. The Second chapel on the right has a Birth and Decapitation of St John the Baptist by Gian Giacomo Pandolfi. At one time, this chapel also held a St John the Baptist by Guercino, looted by Napoleonic forces. It now has a Birth of the Baptist by Sebastiano Ceccarini. The same painter also painted a Sermon of St John the Baptist (1782) now in the sacristy as a companion piece. The first chapel on the left has a Flight from Egypt from Francesco Gabuzio; and a Dream of St Joseph (1631) by Giovanni Francesco Guerrieri. Gabuzio also painted for the second chapel on the left, the canvases depicting the Vision of St Carlo Borromeo, St Charles received by the Petrucci dressed as beggars, and St Charles heals the blind child.
The original main altarpiece by Guido Reni, depicting the Consignment to St Peter of the Keys (1626) was also looted by the French. It is now replaced by a copy by Carlo Magini. Other canvases that were also present were St Peter heals the Deaf by Simone Cantarini and St Peter resuscitates Tabitha by Matteo Loves. They are now in the Pinacoteca Civica di Fano or the Pinacoteca San Domenico. The church has a 16th-century bronze bust of St Peter.
# Shaogang

Shaogang may refer to these places in China:
* Shaogang Township (邵岗乡), a township in Huoqiu County, Anhui
* Shaogang, Henan (稍岗), a town in Yucheng County, Henan
* Shaogang, Ningxia (邵岗), a town in Qingtongxia, Ningxia
# William Goulding (disambiguation)

William Goulding was an Irish politician.
William Goulding may also refer to:
* William Goulding (cricketer) (1813–1878), English cricketer
* Sir William Goulding, 1st Baronet (1856–1925), Irish businessman and politician
* Sir William Lingard Amphlett Goulding, 2nd Baronet (1883–1935), of the Goulding baronets
* Basil Goulding (William Basil Goulding, 1909–1982), Irish cricketer, squash player, art collector and businessman
* Sir (William) Lingard Walter Goulding, 4th Baronet (born 1940), of the Goulding baronets
# Rebordainhos e Pombares

Rebordainhos e Pombares is a civil parish in the municipality of Bragança, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Rebordainhos and Pombares. The population in 2011 was 187, in an area of 24.07 km$^2$.
# Shine Honesty

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| High Voltage Magazine | link |
Shine Honesty is the first studio album by the band Quiet Company released on March 20, 2006, by Northern Records of Los Angeles California. The album is a piano rock driven effort recorded in majority by frontman Taylor Muse.
The Dallas Observer wrote of Shine Honesty: "Quiet Company's somber and seductive piano-driven rock rekindles Harvest-era Neil Young, similar to Band of Horses. The Austin trio's debut record, Shine Honesty, does just that as front man Taylor Muse's spiritual convictions heighten the emotional intensity of his deeply personal lyricism."

## Track listing

* "How Many Times Do You Want To Fall in Love?"
* "Fashionabel"
* "Well Behaved Women Rarely Make History"
* "Tie Your Monster Down"
* "...Then Came A Sudden Validation"
* "I Was Humming A New Song To Myself"
* "The Emasculated Man and the City That Swallowed Him"
* "Love Is A Shotgun"
* "So Gracefully"
* "Circumstance"
* "We Change Lives"
* "When You Pass Through The Waters"
* "Untitled"

## Musicians

* Taylor Muse – Music & Singing
* Alex Bhore – all drums and percussion, and bass on "So Gracefully"
* Nathan Petttijohn – Additional vocals on "Humming" & "Monster"
* Johnny Musselman – Additional Piano on "Circumstance"
* Andrew D. Prickett – Additional guitar on "Monster"

## Writers and arrangers

* Taylor Muse – All Songs
* Leah King – Lyrics by Leah King
* Taylor Muse, Kevin Shultz, Chris Hoyt, Shane Renfro, & Nick Davis arranged tracks 3,4,6,10, & 12

## Cover art

* Jamie Bozeman for low cost/high yield

## Music videos from album

* "Fashionabel" – Directed by Cameron McCasland
# Sahatandra

The Sahatandra is a small river that flows through Andasibe, Moramanga, Alaotra-Mangoro Region, Madagascar and the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park.
Its mouth is in the Vohitra river in Andasibe, Moramanga.
# Gundel pancake

A Gundel crêpe (original Gundel palacsinta) is a crêpe-like variety of pancake from Hungary.

## Overview

The first Gundel crêpe was created and invented by Károly Gundel, who made the pancake with ground walnuts, raisins, and rum filling, served flambéed in a dark chocolate sauce made with egg yolks, heavy cream and cocoa. The original recipe is secret; only the Gundel restaurant knows it. The restaurant serves 25,000 portions to their guests annually.

### Austria

The dessert is well known in Austrian cuisine. They recommend this pancake sometimes as chocolate-walnut palatschinke or walnut palatschinke in Austria. It is usually served with whipped cream and normally does not contain raisins. The Hotel Sacher presents it based on the original prescription, with caramelized walnut.
# Gundelach

Gundelach is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Finn Olav Gundelach (1925–1981), Danish diplomat and European Commissioner
* Hans-Jürgen Gundelach (born 1963), German footballer
* Herbert Gundelach (1899–1971), German World War II general
* Herlind Gundelach (born 1949), German politician
* Mark Gundelach (born 1992), Danish footballer
# Texas Conservative Coalition Research Institute

The Texas Conservative Coalition Research Institute (TCCRI) is a conservative think tank in Texas. It was founded in 1996 by state legislators who had a vision to develop and implement conservative public policies in state government. The group states that it "is committed to shaping public policy through a principled approach to state government."
Texas State Senator Larry Taylor was selected as the group's chairman in February 2015. Jeff Sandefer sits on the organization's board.
The group has fought energy regulations in Texas and opposed stricter campaign finance disclosure limits.