OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Whiz deletion

In linguistics, whiz deletion is a form of ellipsis common in the English language in which a relative pronoun and a form of the verb “to be” are both deleted.

## Examples

* Mark Twain, who is generally considered the greatest American humorist, was from Hannibal Missouri.
* The Crystal Palace, which had been built to house London's Great Exposition of 1851, was destroyed by fire in 1936.
* Whiz deletion is a form of ellipsis that is common in the English language.

## Etymology

The term “whiz deletion” is a portmanteau pun stemming from the fact that several of the relative pronouns in English start with “wh-“ and from the is form of “to be.”$^{:145}$

## Significance in transformational grammar

Whiz deletion is analyzed by Langendoen as a transformational reduction of relative clauses$^{:145–147}$ that—together with another transformation, which moves adjectives in front of the noun phrases they modify—explains many occurrences of attributive adjectives. On this analysis, for example, whiz deletion transforms the sentence
    1. Wiring that is faulty causes many fires.
into
    2. *Wiring faulty causes many fires.
And then the fact that the deletion left behind a bare adjective (namely, faulty) triggers the adjective-preposing transformation, which produces the final (surface) form
    3. Faulty wiring causes many fires.

## Criticisms

The notion that the process of whiz deletion is the correct explanation for the surface structures in question has been disputed. Williams argues, for instance, that it fails to address the difference between
    4. The firm representing the defendant moved to have the case dismissed.
which whiz deletion would produce from
    5. The firm that was [or is] representing the defendant moved to have the case dismissed.
and
    6. The landlord owning the building will double the rent.
which would have to come from the non grammatical
    7. *The landlord who is owning the building will double the rent.
# Wickenby Aerodrome

Wickenby Aerodrome (ICAO: EGNW) is an airport 8 NM (15 km; 9.2 mi) nautical miles north-east of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England.
Wickenby Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P882) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (Wickenby Aerodrome LLP). The aerodrome is not licensed for night use.
Companies based at the airfield include: Thruster Aircraft, makers of microlights; Fly365 Ltd, which offers pleasure flights; and hauliers Rase Distribution. Pilots approaching the airfield have to initially contact the control tower at RAF Waddington. The local company Game Composites Limited uses this aerodrome for flight testing and development. Their aerobatic monoplane undertook its first flight from Wickenby during 2015.
# Who's Gonna Play This Old Piano? (song)

Who's Gonna Play This Old Piano? is a 1972 song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis and written by country music songwriter, Ray Griff. Released on Lewis' 1972 album of the same name, the song peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.

## Content

The song is about a man who wonders who will continue to play sad songs for his lover on his piano after he dies. The song is unique in that it fuses old-fashioned ragtime, Dixieland jazz and rockabilly elements, in addition to the (then) modern countrypolitan sound.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1972) | Peak position |
| US Billboard Hot Country Singles | 14 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 6 |
# Wight Bank

Wight Bank is a small, wholly submerged atoll structure in the Southwest of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) to the SE off the southeastern tip of Pitt Bank at 7°25′S 71°32′E﻿ / ﻿7.417°S 71.533°E﻿ / -7.417; 71.533. It is less than 2 km (1.2 miles) in diameter, and its total area is about 3 square kilometres (1.2 square miles). The closest piece of land is Île Sudest of Egmont Atoll, at 80 km (50 mi) NNW. Diego Garcia is 94 km (58 mi) to the east. The least charted depth is 8.5 km (5.3 mi).
Wight Bank was first reported in 1886.
# Wight (surname)

Wight is a surname. It is an older English spelling of either Wright (surname) or White (surname), or perhaps denoted an inhabitant of the Isle of Wight.

## People

* Andrew Wight (1959–2012), Australian screenwriter and film producer
* Cameron Wight (born 1985), Australian rules footballer
* David Wight (disambiguation), several people
* Dorothea Wight (1944–2013), English artist
* Dylan Wight, Australian politician
* Gail Wight (born 1960), American new media artist
* James Wight, pen name James Herriot (1916–1995), British veterinarian and author
* Lyman Wight (1796 – 1858) Member of the Latter Day Saint
* Martin Wight (1913–1972), British scholar of International Relations
* Orlando Williams Wight (1824–1888), American author
* Paul Wight, ring name Big Show (born 1972), American professional wrestler
* Peter Wight (born 1950), English actor
* Robert Wight (1796–1872), Scottish surgeon and botanist whose standard author abbreviation is Wight
* Rohan Wight (born 1997), Australian cyclist
* Sean Wight (1964–2011), Australian rules football player
* Stephen Wight (born 1980), English actor
* Thomas Wight (died ca. 1608), London publisher.
# Will Carl Rufus

Will Carl Rufus (July 1, 1876 – September 21, 1946) was an American astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, poet, administrator and instructor.

## Life

Rufus was born in Chatham, Ontario, Canada, on July 1, 1876, to William James and Eliza Ann James. Rufus got his BA and MA from Albion College in 1902 and 1908 respectively. He began teaching mathematics and astronomy in Flint Michigan and Lansing Michigan after studying in Korea. He proceeded to the University of Michigan, where he earned his Doctorate in Astronomy in 1915. While in Korea, he served as University Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at Union College, Pyeng Yang, Korea, and later Chosen Christian College, Seoul, Korea. He later moved to the University of Michigan in 1917, where he became the acting Director of the Observatory in 1945. He married Maude Rufus (née Squire) on September 29, 1902. He died in his summer home at Crooked Lake on September 21, 1946.

## Contributions

Rufus integrated the McMath-Hulbert Observatory and was known for his contributions to the history of astronomy in America. His principal research work in astronomy focused on Asteroseismology, relating to atmospheric circulation in stars of variable density and spectroscopic analysis of the composition of stars. He was one of the earliest research scholars to contribute to the new theory of Cepheid variables stars and in Stellar pulsation.
As a member of the University of Michigan's committee on Barbour scholarships, Rufus aided a large number of women students from East Asian countries.

### Books

Rufus was the editor of Johann Kepler, 1571–1630: A Tercentenary Commemoration of His Life and Work (History of Science Society, 1931).
With Hsing-Chih Tien, he published the book The Soochow Astronomical Chart (University of Michigan, 1945), describing the Suzhou planisphere, a large engraved stone star chart from Song dynasty (13th-century) China.
# Saint Andrews Township, Walsh County, North Dakota

Saint Andrews Township is a township in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States.
# Ancylosis glaphyria

Ancylosis glaphyria is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Boris Balinsky in 1987 and is known from South Africa and Namibia.
# Cameron, Wisconsin

Cameron, Wisconsin may refer to:
* Cameron, Barron County, Wisconsin, a village
* Cameron, Wood County, Wisconsin, a town
# Iridopsis obliquaria

Iridopsis obliquaria, the oblique looper moth, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Iridopsis obliquaria is 6577.
# Amylirosa

Amylirosa is a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown (incertae sedis).
# Soulless

Soulless may refer to:
* Soulless (gene), a historic name for PHOX2A, a human transcription factor
* Soulless (film), a 2012 film
* Soulless (album), a 1994 album by metal band Grave
* Soulless (novel), a 2009 steampunk novel by Gail Carriger
** Soulless: The Manga, a manga-style graphic adaptation of the above-mentioned
* Soulless: Ann Coulter and the Right-Wing Church of Hate, a 2006 book by Susan Estrich
* "Soulless" (Angel), a 2003 episode of the television series Angel
* "Soulless" (Law & Order Special Victims Unit), a 2003 episode of the television series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
* A race of characters in the Myth II: Soulblighter computer game
# Prgomelje

Prgomelje is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 599.
# Ammaiyagaram

Ammaiyagaram is a village in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated in the Kaveri delta region. Nearby towns are Thirukattupalli (9 km), Budalur (8 km) and Thanjavur (21 km).
# Santa Claus machine

A Santa Claus machine is a hypothetical machine that is capable of creating any required object or structure out of any given material.

## Origin

The term was coined by Theodore Taylor in 1978:
   It's possible to imagine a machine that could scoop up material – rocks from the Moon or rocks from asteroids – process them inside and produce just about any product: washing machines or teacups or automobiles or starships. Once such a machine exists it could gather sunlight and materials that it's sitting on, and produce on call whatever product anybody wants to name, as long as somebody knows how to make it and those instructions can be given to the machine.
# Santa Claus and His Old Lady

"Santa Claus and His Old Lady" is a bit by Cheech and Chong, one of their best-known comedy routines. It was the duo's first single.
"Santa Claus and His Old Lady" did not appear on the duo's eponymous debut album, although the B-side, "Dave", did. It has since received continued airplay on radio stations during the Christmas season, particularly those that switch to temporary all-Christmas music formats. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Christmas Singles chart upon its release in 1971, then peaked again at number 3 on the same chart in 1972 and 1973. (Entries on any given week's Christmas Singles chart were ineligible for the corresponding edition of the Hot 100 at the time.)

## Synopsis

The sketch begins with Cheech at the piano attempting to write a parody of "¿Dónde Está Santa Claus?" (Spanish for "Where Is Santa Claus?"), a Christmas song by Augie Rios from 1958, to little success. Chong enters, at which point he reveals that he has never heard of Santa Claus (Chong repeatedly mistakes Santa Claus for a musician).
Cheech then explains the story of Santa Claus, but from an unusual perspective. In 1966, Santa and his wife began in the projects in an apartment next door to Cheech, after which, in no small part due to a combination of excessive noise from "hammering and pounding all night" and the cannabis-infused brownies for which Mrs. Claus became known, they were driven out and formed a commune at the North Pole with a large group of midgets, supporting themselves with welfare and food stamps. Cheech explains that the reason Santa's sleigh can fly is because he "took the freeway" and liberally used "magic dust" and that uncomfortable experiences with Border Patrol and Southerners who threatened to cut off his hair and beard prompted him to go underground. According to Cheech, Santa Claus now works undercover as a Salvation Army bell-ringer, at which point Chong once again, and more certainly this time, asserts he really had played music with Santa Claus.
In contrast to most of their other sketches, Cheech and Chong play fictionalized versions of themselves in this bit. (Chong himself was a musician before beginning his collaboration with Cheech, most prominently as a songwriter and vocalist for Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers in the late 1960s; he somewhat fictionalizes this in the song, however, stating not that he is from his real hometown of Vancouver, but instead from Pittsburgh.)

## B-side

The B-side was "Dave", one of the duo's earliest and most famous sketches. In this sketch, a man named Dave (Cheech), who is apparently on the run from the police, attempts to enter the locked apartment of his roommate (Chong), who will not answer the door. As Dave repeatedly tries to identify himself, the roommate instead thinks he is asking for Dave, and replies "Dave's not here."
# Sangamnagar

Sangamnagar is a village in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the Vikramgad taluka.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Sangamnagar has 101 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 58.35%.
Demographics (2011 Census) :
| | Total | Male | Female |
| Population | 484 | 238 | 246 |
| Children aged below 6 years | 83 | 41 | 42 |
| Scheduled caste | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Scheduled tribe | 466 | 229 | 237 |
| Literates | 234 | 124 | 110 |
| Workers (all) | 277 | 140 | 137 |
| Main workers (total) | 277 | 140 | 137 |
| Main workers: Cultivators | 97 | 48 | 49 |
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 171 | 86 | 85 |
| Main workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Main workers: Other | 9 | 6 | 3 |
| Marginal workers (total) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal workers: Others | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-workers | 207 | 98 | 109 |
# Project on Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy

The Project on Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy (SKAPP), based at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C., examines the nature of science and the ways in which it is both used and misused in government decision-making and legal proceedings. Through empirical research, conversations among scholars, and publications, SKAPP aims to enhance understanding of how knowledge is generated and interpreted. SKAPP's mission is to promote transparent decision-making based on the best available science in order to promote public safety and health.
SKAPP provides information about the impacts of existing legislation and regulation on drug safety, occupational health and safety, and environmental health. It has examined the use of science in regulation of specific hazards, including bisphenol A, beryllium, hexavalent chromium, and the butter-flavoring chemical diacetyl.
Support for SKAPP is provided by the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, the Open Society Institute, and the Rockefeller Family Fund. Past support has been provided by the Common Benefit Trust, a fund established pursuant to a court order in the Silicone Gel Breast Implant Products Liability litigation; the Alice Hamilton Fund; and the Bauman Foundation.

## Scientific evidence and the law

The Supreme Court of the United States has issued three rulings which greatly impact the role scientists may play in providing expert testimony. These rulings are Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, General Electric v. Joiner, and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael. Each address the "gatekeeper" role of the judge in determining the admissibility of expert testimony, with considerable implications for tort litigation.
# Erosida gratiosa

Erosida gratiosa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Blanchard in 1847.
# Rockton and Rion Railway

The Rockton and Rion Railway was a Class III railroad operating freight service in Fairfield County, South Carolina until its abandonment in 1981. The railroad's entire 12-mile right-of-way is now owned by the South Carolina Railroad Museum, which rebuilt some of the railroad and currently operates on 5 miles of the line.

## History

The Rockton and Rion operated from a connection with the Southern Railway at Rockton, South Carolina to Anderson Quarry, South Carolina. The railroad's freight consisted of sand and gravel moving outbound.
Operations ceased on August 21, 1981.
After abandonment was approved, the railroad's owner, Martin Marietta Materials, in October 1983 donated the entire Rockton and Rion right-of-way to the South Carolina Railroad Museum. The museum then began the process of rebuilding the line, which it renamed the Rockton, Rion and Western Railroad.
# Wheat mosaic virus

Wheat mosaic virus can refer to a few different virus species:
* Chinese wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus
* High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus, in the genus Emaravirus
* Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus
* Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, in the genus Furovirus
* Wheat streak mosaic virus, in the genus Tritimovirus
# Akgün, Dinar

Akgün is a village in the Dinar District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 443 (2021).
# Šanov (Rakovník District)

Šanov is a municipality and village in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
# Whitefish Bay 32A

Whitefish Bay 32A is a First Nations reserve on Lake of the Woods near Sioux Narrows-Nestor Falls in northwestern Ontario. It is the main reserve of the Naotkamegwanning First Nation.
# What You'll Do When I'm Gone

"What You'll Do When I'm Gone" is a song written by Larry Butler, and recorded by American country music artist Waylon Jennings. It was released in September 1986 as the third single from the album Will the Wolf Survive. The song reached number 8 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1986) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 8 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 16 |
# What Would the Founders Do?

What Would the Founders Do?: Our Questions, Their Answers is a 2006 non-fiction book by American journalist and historian Richard Brookhiser. The author discusses the viewpoints, backgrounds, and character traits of the American Founding Fathers and compares and contrasts them with the socio-political debates of present-day Americans. Brookhiser states, "We can be as intelligent as they were, and as serious, as practical, and as brave." The book was published by Basic Books.
Some of the issues detailed include the death penalty, gun control, censorship, assisted suicide, preemptive war, Indian casinos, campaign finance reform, and term limits.

## Reviews

The book received favorable reviews from American Heritage, where editor Richard Snow called it "a great piece of work it" as well as "[l]ively throughout, full of relaxed authority, and with what I really think might be the most stirring final paragraph written by an American since The Great Gatsby."
Forrest McDonald, historian and author of The American Presidency as well as Alexander Hamilton, stated that "This is a stunning achievement. Few people know the Founders well enough and contemporary issues well enough to have put together such a book, and even fewer have Brookhiser's skill at telling the story in so fascinating a way."
# Morisada Matsudaira

Morisada Matsudaira (松平 保定, Matsudaira Morisada, 1926 – 9 August 2011) was a Japanese banker who was active in historical preservation. He was the grandson of Matsudaira Katamori, and spent a fair amount of time in Aizu. After graduating from university, he worked for the Norinchukin Bank for 29 years. Morisada was approached by the Imperial Household Agency in the late 1980s, with a request to serve as an official at the mourning ceremony for Emperor Hirohito; simultaneously, they expressed a desire to install him as chief priest of Yasukuni Shrine. Morisada declined the Yasukuni appointment, as the shrine was built to enshrine the soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army who died in the Boshin War and exclude those who fought against them, including men of the Aizu, Sendai, Nihonmatsu, and Morioka domains.
Morisada had one son, Morihisa Matsudaira.
# Wheel of Dublin

The Wheel of Dublin, also known as Revolver, was a transportable Ferris wheel installation in the Dublin Docklands in the North Wall area of Dublin, Ireland. Commissioned by Harry Crosbie and operated by World Tourist Attractions, it opened to the public in July 2010 and was closed and dismantled 16 months later in November 2011.

## Dimensions

When it was installed, it was reported to be "60 metres high". However, when it was dismantled and moved to York, it was reported as "the 53-metre observation wheel".
It weighed 350 tons, had 42 capsules, and a total capacity of 336 passengers.
# Moradisaurus

Moradisaurus is an extinct genus of large captorhinid tetrapods, with a single species Moradisaurus grandis, known from the late Permian (Lopingian) aged Moradi Formation of Niger. It is the largest captorhinid known, estimated to have reached a snout-vent length of over two metres. Similar to other members of Moradisaurinae, it possessed multiple tooth rows, which is associated with a high-fiber herbivorous diet.
The holotype is MNHN MRD1, a skull that was discovered during the late 1960s.
# Škufče

Škufče (pronounced) is a small settlement east of the village of Ravnik in the Municipality of Bloke in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.
# Mordella homochroa

Mordella homochroa is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1895.
# İsaqbağı

İsaqbağı (also, Isakbagi and Isakbagy) is a village and municipality in the Zardab Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,195. The municipality consists of the villages of İsaqbağı and Böyük Dəkkə.
# İsbike

İsbike (styled as isbike) is a public bicycle sharing system serving Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey.
Launched in 2012, it serves with 300 stations and 3000 bikes on both sides of the city.
In 2022, isbike founded a bicycling school, aimed to provide bicycle training to approximately 10 thousand people.

## System components

The system uses Baksi smart biking system. The users can either get membership or use their credit cards to access the bikes.

### Rates

All trips are charged, whether or not the user is a member.

## Maintenance

isbike was included in the 2022 budget due to votes by city residents. Due to maintenance bikes were not available in January 2022, but later that year there were complaints about empty and closed stations, for example in Zeytinburnu.
# İsalı, Bismil

İsalı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bismil, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 123 (2022).
# ʻAmakihi

ʻamakihi may refer to the following species of bird:
* Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi or common ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens)
* Oʻahu ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis flavus)
* Kauaʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis kauaiensis)
* Greater ʻamakihi (Viridonia sagittirostris)
# Β-Zearalenol

β-Zearalenol is a nonsteroidal estrogen of the resorcylic acid lactone group related to mycoestrogens found in Fusarium spp. It is the β epimer of α-zearalenol and along with α-zearalenol is a major metabolite of zearalenone formed mainly in the liver but also to a lesser extent in the intestines during first-pass metabolism. A relatively high proportion of α-zearalenol is formed from zearalenone compared to β-zearalenol in humans. β-Zearalenol is about the same or slightly less potent as an estrogen relative to zearalenone.