OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# John J. Duffy Jr.

John J. Duffy Jr. (February 3, 1933 - February 1, 2019) was an American criminal defense trial attorney.

## Early life

Duffy was born in West Philadelphia on February 3, 1933, and proceeding to graduate from La Salle University and Villanova University School of Law. He served in the Air Force during the Korean War.
In 1960, Duffy began to practice law in West Chester.

## Notable cases

Duffy played a role in the 1980 ABSCAM scandal, in which numerous elected officials were targeted in an FBI sting operation, with agents posing as Arab businessmen offering bribes. Duffy was the lead defense attorney for Louis C. Johanson, a member of the Philadelphia City Council who was sentenced to three years in prison.
In 1981, Duffy defended one of the Maragos brothers who, along with four others, were accused of fixing the Pennsylvania lottery's daily number. The event was known as the Triple Six Fix, because the winning number was 6-6-6. All of the Maragos brothers avoided jail time by agreeing to testify against the accused mastermind of the scam, Nick Perry.
In 1991 Duffy began a 10-year defense of Andrew Byrne, who was accused of killing his wife. Byrne's conviction was twice overturned, and in 2001 Duffy secured a plea bargain for his client.

## Recovering alcoholics

In 2009, Duffy was given the Osceola Wesley award by Chester County Drug Court his contributions to the "recovery of people gripped by addictive demons".

## Death

Duffy died on February 1, 2019, at the age of 85 following several months of ill health.
# XIV Corps

14 Corps, 14th Corps, Fourteenth Corps, or XIV Corps may refer to:
* XIV Corps (Grande Armée), a unit of the Imperial French Army during the Napoleonic Wars
* XIV Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army prior to and during World War I
* XIV Reserve Corps (German Empire), a unit of the Imperial German Army during World War I
* XIV Corps (India)
* XIV Corps (Ottoman Empire)
* 14th Army Corps (Russian Empire), a unit of the Imperial Russian Army between 1877 and 1918
* 14th Army Corps (Russian Federation), a unit of the Russian Ground Forces since 2016
* XIV Corps (United Kingdom)
* XIV Corps (United States)
* XIV Corps (Union Army), a unit in the American Civil War
# John Logsdon

John Logsdon is the founder and from 1987 to 2008 was the director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University.
In 2003, Logsdon was a member of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. He is a former member of the NASA Advisory Council. He is frequently cited as an authority on space policy and history by press entities such as The New York Times and The Washington Post, and has appeared on various television networks.
Logsdon is a professor emeritus of political science and international affairs, and has been on the GW faculty since 1970. He is also on the faculty of the International Space University In 1992–1993 he held the first chair in Space History at the National Air and Space Museum and in 2008–2009 was Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History at that museum. Logsdon authored the entry on space exploration for the latest edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica and many articles and commentaries. He is author of The Decision to Go to the Moon: Project Apollo and the National Interest (MIT Press, 1970), and the general editor of the seven-volume series Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program (MIT Press, 1970). Dr. Logsdon is the author more recently of the award-winning John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010) and After Apollo? Richard Nixon and the American Space Program (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
The International Astronautical Federation awarded Logsdon the 2013 Frank J. Malina Astronautics Medal for outstanding contributions including space policy decision-making, space history, and education. Logsdon is a recipient of the Exceptional Public Service, Distinguished Public Service, and Public Service Medals from NASA, the 2005 John F. Kennedy Astronautics Award from the American Astronautical Society, and the 2006 Barry Goldwater Space Educator Award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the International Academy of Astronautics and former chair of its Commission on Space Policy, Law, and Economics. He is a member of the board of directors of The Planetary Society and the Academic Council of the International Space University. He is on the editorial board of the international journal Space Policy and was its North American editor from 1985 to 2000. He is also on the editorial boards of the journals New Space and Astropolitics.
Logsdon holds a B.S. in physics from Xavier University (1960) and a Ph.D. in political science from New York University (1970).
# Kirkup

Kirkup is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dan Kirkup (born 1988), English footballer
* James Kirkup (1918–2009), English poet
* Joe Kirkup (born 1939), English footballer
* Seymour Kirkup (1788–1880), English painter
* Toby Kirkup (1972–2020), English actor, writer and television presenter, known for his role as a police sergeant on Peaky Blinders
* Zak Kirkup (born 1987), Australian politician
# Target-mediated drug disposition

Target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) is the process in which a drug binds with high affinity to its pharmacological target (for example, a receptor) to such an extent that this affects its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Various drug classes can exhibit TMDD, most often these are large compounds (biologics such as antibodies, cytokines or growth factors) but also smaller compounds can exhibit TMDD (such as warfarin). A typical TMDD pattern of antibodies displays non-linear clearance and can be seen at concentration ranges that are usually defined as 'mid-to-low'. In this concentration range, the target is partly saturated.
# Category of elements

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the category of elements of a presheaf is a category associated to that presheaf whose objects are the elements of sets in the presheaf.
The category of elements of a simplicial set is fundamental in simplicial homotopy theory, a branch of algebraic topology. More generally, the category of elements plays a key role in the proof that every weighted colimit can be expressed as an ordinary colimit, which is in turn necessary for the basic results in theory of pointwise left Kan extensions, and the characterization of the presheaf category as the free cocompletion of a category.

## Definition

Let $C$ be a category and let $F:C^{\rm {op}}\to \mathbf {Sets}$ be a set-valued functor. The category el(F) of elements of F (also denoted ∫$_C$ F) is the category whose:
* Objects are pairs $(A,a)$ where $A\in \mathop {\rm {Ob}} (C)$ and $a\in FA$.
* Morphisms $(A,a)\to (B,b)$ are arrows $f:A\to B$ of $C$ such that $(Ff)b=a$.
An equivalent definition is that the category of elements of $F$ is the comma category ∗↓F, where ∗ is a singleton (a set with one element).
The category of elements of F is naturally equipped with a projection functor Π: ∫$_C$ F→C that sends an object (A, a) to A, and an arrow (A,a)→(B,b) to its underlying arrow in C.

## As a functor from presheaves to small categories

For small C, this construction can be extended into a functor ∫$_C$ from Ĉ to Cat, the category of small categories. Using the Yoneda lemma one can show that ∫$_C$ P≅y↓P, where y:C→Ĉ is the Yoneda embedding. This isomorphism is natural in P and thus the functor ∫$_C$ is naturally isomorphic to y↓–:Ĉ→Cat.
# Guy Butler

Guy Butler may refer to:
* Guy Butler (athlete) (1899–1981), British runner
* Guy Butler (poet) (1918–2001), South African poet and writer
# Gallery wrap

Gallery wrap is a method of stretching an artist's canvas so that the canvas wraps around the sides of the stretcher bar or strainer bars and is secured to the back of the wooden frame.

## Structure

The frame is usually 1.25" (approx. 4 cm) thick. As a result, the hardware (staples or tacks) used to secure the canvas are not visible. The sides of the canvas are prepared and primed in the same manner as the face or front. They may then be painted a solid color (usually white) or painted to continue the image appearing on the face. This method of stretching and preparing a canvas allows for a frameless presentation of the finished painting or photograph. In some competitions it is considered "framed" and ready to hang.

## Terminology

In canvas printing, the term "gallery wrap" refers to an image that appears on the sides of the frame as well as the front. The image on the sides is either a continuation or a reflection of the main image, or an otherwise fabricated element such as a solid color or colors derived from the adjacent image.
Gallery wrap is a very popular way to display art. However, because the edges of the canvas are wrapped over the thick bars, approximately two inches of the image (top, bottom, and sides) are not visible from the front. If the subject of an image or painting is sized and positioned correctly, the image will not be negatively affected. However, in some situations photo editing techniques are employed to fabricate additional image/material or to mirror existing content on the wrapped edges. Solid colours can also be used on the wrapped edges.
Gallery wrap production can be digitally automated with a Photoshop plugin or raster graphics editor.

## Gallery wrap versus non-gallery wrap

Gallery wrap is a method of displaying art wrapped over thick wooden bars so that there are no visible fasteners (such as staples or tacks). This method of stretching and preparing a canvas allows for a frame-less presentation of the finished painting.
In contrast, a non-gallery wrap canvas is usually intended to be framed before presentation. The stretcher bars are often thinner, and the canvas can be secured at the sides with staples or tacks as the frame will hide them. However, thin stretcher bars can be found "gallery wrapped" as a hangable work without a frame.
# Brawl in the Family

Brawl in the Family may refer to:
* "Brawl in the Family" (The Simpsons), an episode from The Simpsons
* Brawl in the Family (webcomic)
* "Brawl in the Family", an episode from The Loud House
# Thyrocopa kanaloa

Thyrocopa kanaloa is a moth of the family Xyloryctidae. It was first described by Matthew J. Medeiros in 2009. It is endemic to Kahoolawe.
# Gounghin-Petit

Gounghin-Petit is a village in the Bissiga Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 338.
# Catch (baseball)

In baseball, a catch occurs when a fielder gains secure possession of a batted ball before it bounces, and maintains possession until they voluntarily or intentionally release the ball. When a catch occurs, the batter is out (said to have flied out), and runners are in jeopardy of being put out if any fielder with possession of the ball reaches their starting base before they do.
Unlike in American football and other sports, neither secure possession for a time nor for a number of steps is enough to demonstrate that a catch has occurred. A fielder may, for example, appear to catch and hold a batted ball securely, take a few more steps, collide with a wall or another player, and drop the ball. This is not a catch.
Umpires signal a catch with the out signal: a fist raised into the air, often with a hammering motion; if there is doubt about it, the umpire will likely shout "That's a catch!" On a close no-catch, the umpire will signal with the safe signal, which is both arms swept to the side and extended, accompanied by the call "No catch, no catch!" with an emphasis on the word "no".
To avoid ambiguity with the common term catch meaning any action that gains possession of a ball, some may say that a fielder gloved a thrown or batted, bouncing ball.

## Illegal catches

The fielder must catch the ball with their hand or glove. If the fielder uses their cap, protector, pocket or any other part of their uniform in getting possession, it is not a catch. Therefore, a foul ball which directly becomes lodged in the equipment of the catcher (other than their glove) is not considered a catch and hence not a foul tip.
It is not a catch if the batted ball hits a fielder, then hits a member of the offensive team or an umpire, and then is caught by another defensive player.
A catch is legal if the ball is finally held by any fielder before it touches the ground. Runners may leave their bases the instant the first fielder touches the ball. A fielder may reach over a fence, a railing, a rope, or a line of demarcation to make a catch. They may jump on top of a railing or a canvas that may be in foul ground. Interference should not be called in cases where a spectator comes into contact with a fielder and a catch is not made if the fielder reaches over a fence, a railing, a rope. The fielder does so at their own risk.
If a fielder, attempting a catch at the edge of the dugout, is "held up" and kept from an apparent fall by a player or players of either team and the catch is made, it shall be allowed.
# Melese dorothea

Melese dorothea is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Caspar Stoll in 1782. It is found in French Guiana, Suriname, Brazil, Paraguay, Ecuador, Peru and Panama.
# Target-site overlap

In a zinc finger protein, certain sequences of amino acid residues are able to recognise and bind to an extended target-site of four or even five nucleotides When this occurs in a ZFP in which the three-nucleotide subsites are contiguous, one zinc finger interferes with the target-site of the zinc finger adjacent to it, a situation known as target-site overlap. For example, a zinc finger containing arginine at position -1 and aspartic acid at position 2 along its alpha-helix will recognise an extended sequence of four nucleotides of the sequence 5'-NNG(G/T)-3'. The hydrogen bond between Asp$^2$ and the N4 of either a cytosine or adenine base paired to the guanine or thymine, respectively defines these two nucleotides at the 3' position, defining a sequence that overlaps into the subsite of any zinc finger that may be attached N-terminally.
Target-site overlap limits the modularity of those zinc fingers which exhibit it, by restricting the number of situations to which they can be applied. If some of the zinc fingers are restricted in this way, then a larger repertoire is required to address the situations in which those zinc fingers cannot be used. Target-site overlap may also affect the selection of zinc fingers during by display, in cases where amino acids on a non-randomised finger, and the bases of its associated subsite, influence the binding of residues on the adjacent finger which contains the randomised residues. Indeed, attempts to derive zinc finger proteins targeting the 5'-(A/T)NN-3' family of sequences by site-directed mutagenesis of finger two of the C7 protein were unsuccessful due to the Asp$^2$ of the third finger of said protein.
The extent to which target-site overlap occurs is largely unknown, with a variety of amino acids having shown involvement in such interactions. When interpreting the zinc finger repertoires presented by investigations using ZFP phage display, it is important to appreciate the effects that the rest of the zinc finger framework may have had in these selections. Since the problem only appears to occur in a limited number of cases, the issue is nullified in most situations in which there are a variety of suitable targets to choose from and only becomes a real issue if binding to a specific DNA sequence is required (e.g. blocking binding by endogenous DNA-binding proteins).
# Kishapu Solar Power Station

The Kishapu Solar Power Station is a proposed 50 MW (67,000 hp) solar power plant in Tanzania. The power station is under development by Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), the national electricity monopoly utility company. The energy will be integrated into the national grid, also operated by TANESCO. The solar farm will be developed in phases to capacity of 150 megawatts. When completed and commissioned, it will be the largest, grid-ready solar power station in the country.

## Location

The power station would be located in the Kishapu District, in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. The town of Kishapu, which is the district headquarters, is located approximately 58 kilometres (36 mi), east of Shinyanga, the regional capital. Kishapu is located approximately 536 kilometres (333 mi) northwest of Dodoma, the capital city of Tanzania. The solar farm is bordered on one side by the 220 kV Singida–Shinyanga High Voltage Power Line.

## Overview

The power station, which will be developed in phases, has a maximum generation capacity of the first phase of 50 megawatts. The solar farm helps Tanzania diversify its electricity generation mix with clean carbon dioxide-free energy. Another objective is the modernization of the TANESCO grid. A new "National Grid Control Center" will be established in Dodoma. A "Distribution Control Center with a Distribution Management System" will also be installed in key urban locations, including Arusha, Dodoma, Mbeya and Mwanza. The energy generated a this power station is expected to "stabilize the grid and reduce technical losses".

## Funding and timeline

The French Development Agency (AFD) lent €130 million for the solar power station. AFD also granted an extra €700,000 for grid modernization and technical loss reduction. Construction of the first phase of Kishapu Solar Power Plant is expected to start in March 2022 and conclude approximately one year later. Phase II will follow after that.
# Juan Manuel Guayasamin

Juan Manuel Guayasamin (born 1974) is an Ecuadorian biologist. He earned his Ph.D. in 2007 from University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and as of 2017 he is working as professor at Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. His research interests include the evolution of glass frogs (Centrolenidae) and direct-developing anurans. His main contributions have been: phylogenetic taxonomy of glassfrogs, description of the variation of skin texture in frogs, description of numerous species of amphibians and reptiles, and a monographic review of all Ecuadorian glassfrogs (60 species). A team led by Juan M. Guayasamin discovered Hyalinobatrachium yaku in May 2017, a glassfrog with transparent venter. To date (2020), he has described a total of 6 amphibian genera, 55 species of amphibians, and 11 reptiles, including two geckos from the Galápagos Islands.

## Genera described

* Celsiella
* Chimerella
* Espadarana
* Ikakogi
* Rulyrana
* Sachatamia
* Vitreorana

## Selected publications

* 2008 - Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Ayarzagüena, J., Trueb, L., Vilà, C - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2), 574–595
* 2009 - Guayasamin, J. M., Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Trueb, L., Ayarzagüena, J., Rada, M., Vilà, C. "Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni." Zootaxa 2100: 1-97
* 2013 - Vences, M., Guayasamin, J. M., Miralles, A., & De La Riva, I. To name or not to name: Criteria to promote economy of change in Linnaean classification schemes. Zootaxa, 3636(2), 201–244.
* 2015 - Guayasamin, J. M., T. Krynak, K. Krynak, J. Culebras, C. R. Hutter. Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 173: 913–928.
* 2019 - Arteaga, A., Bustamante, L., Vieira, J., Tapia, W., Guayasamin, J. M. Reptiles of the Galápagos: Life on the Enchanted Islands. Tropical Herping, Quito, 208 pp.
* 2020 - Guayasamin JM, DF Cisneros-Heredia, RW McDiarmid, P Peña, CR Hutter. Glassfrog of Ecuador: diversity, evolution, and conservation. Diversity, 12 (222): 1–285 (doi:10.3390/d12060222).
# Stroock

Stroock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Daniel W. Stroock (born 1940), American mathematician
* Geraldine Stroock (1925–1977), maiden name of Geraldine Brooks, American actress
* Gloria Stroock (1924–2024), American actress
* Moses J. Stroock (1866–1931), American lawyer
* Sol M. Stroock (1873–1941), American lawyer
* Thomas F. Stroock (1925–2009), American businessman, ambassador, and politician from Wyoming
# Brawley, Missouri

Brawley is an unincorporated community in Oregon County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Brawley was established in 1890, and remained in operation until 1914. The community has the name of James Brawley, an early settler. An early variant name was "Butts".
# Thyrocopa gigas

Thyrocopa gigas is a moth of the family Xyloryctidae. It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1881. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai and Maui. However, it may be extinct on Oahu, where two females were collected in 1892 but no further specimens have been collected since then.
The length of the forewings is 17–23 mm. Adults are on wing at least from April to September.
# Gounghin Department

Gounghin is a department of Kouritenga Province in eastern Burkina Faso. Its capital lies at the town of Gounghin. According to the 2006 census the department has a total population of 35,257.

## Towns and villages

* Gounghin (921 inhabitants) (capital)
* Balgo-Zaoce (1,164 inhabitants)
* Belembaoghin (522 inhabitants)
* Belemboulghin (1,350 inhabitants)
* Bilanghin (643 inhabitants)
* Bonsin-Dagoule (2,133 inhabitants)
* Boundoudoum-Zougo (650 inhabitants)
* Dagbilin (586 inhabitants)
* Dakonsin (696 inhabitants)
* Dapelgo (840 inhabitants)
* Dimistenga (1,529 inhabitants)
* Donsin (492 inhabitants)
* Douamtenga (765 inhabitants)
* Gandeongo-Bogodin (1,219 inhabitants)
* Godin (291 inhabitants)
* Kabèga (1,032 inhabitants)
* Kabèga-Peulh (115 inhabitants)
* Kiegtougdou (280 inhabitants)
* Koabdin (802 inhabitants)
* Kontaga (500 inhabitants)
* Kougdo (890 inhabitants)
* Lezotenga (1,993 inhabitants)
* Mendrin-Tountoghin (240 inhabitants)
* Milimtenga (222 inhabitants)
* Mossi-Balgo (250 inhabitants)
* Nalanghin (418 inhabitants)
* Namoukouka (810 inhabitants)
* Niongretenga (1,104 inhabitants)
* Nioughin (987 inhabitants)
* Nondo (394 inhabitants)
* Nougbini (247 inhabitants)
* Ouédogo-Bokin (1,407 inhabitants)
* Oueffin (818 inhabitants)
* Pilorghin (959 inhabitants)
* Pissi-Zaoce (1,791 inhabitants)
* Sampaongo (1,637 inhabitants)
* Sankouissi (245 inhabitants)
* Sitenga (467 inhabitants)
* Teyogodin (1,662 inhabitants)
* Wenibankin (553 inhabitants)
* Wobzoughin (399 inhabitants)
* Yarkanré (770 inhabitants)
* Zaka (464 inhabitants)

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1985 | 29,475 |
| 1996 | 34,850 |
| 2006 | 35,257 |
# Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny

Kipng'eno Arap Ng'eny (1937 – July 1, 2014) was a Kenyan politician and telecommunications executive. He served as the Managing Director of the now-defunct Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation from 1979 until 1993. Ng'eny also served as a member of the Parliament of Kenya for Ainamoi from 1997 to 2002 and the country's Minister of Water Development within the administration of former President Daniel arap Moi.
Ng'eny died, following a long illness, at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi on July 1, 2014, at the age of 77. His funeral was held at Consolata Shrine in the Westlands neighborhood on July 5, 2014. He chose cremation, rather than burial at his ancestral home, which is the norm for Kalenjin funeral rites. Other high-profile Kenyans who elected cremation include the late Wangari Maathai.
# Melese flavescens

Melese flavescens is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by James John Joicey and George Talbot in 1918. It is found in Argentina.