OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jan des Bouvrie

Jan des Bouvrie (3 August 1942 – 4 October 2020) was a Dutch architect, interior and product designer, best known for his 1969 "kubusbank sofa", now considered a design classic. Des Bouvrie was active as a distinguished lecturer at various design academies. The design college Jan des Bouvrie Academy, in Deventer is named in his honor.

## Life and work

Des Bouvrie was born 3 August 1942 in Naarden. After he finished high school, he went to the Rietveld Academy in Amsterdam at the age of sixteen. He later started his own interior design shop in Naarden, and hosted the TV show TV Woonmagazine. He designed the rooms in the Floris Suite Hotel in "Dutch colonial style with Caribbean temperament".
His own vision on design was developed at the Rietveld Academy in Amsterdam, where he started his professional career. With his unique and progressive ideas the young Des Bouvrie made an impact on the design world. His vision was further developed by working with several manufacturers, including Linteloo, Dutch Originals, and Gelderland. The latter, in 1969, was the first to produce a design of Des Bouvrie's; the kubusbank sofa, which is now recognised as a design classic.
In 1993 Des Bouvrie moved his design studio to the former arsenal of fortress Naarden. Together with his partner, Monique, he transformed the iconic 'Het Arsenaal' building into a showroom for his designs.
Over the years, Jan des Bouvrie's designs have won many awards and distinctions, including the Culture Prize of 1974, the Style Prize in 1990, and the Furniture Prize in 1999. Des Bouvrie's vision is also clearly reflected in the numerous interior design books he published.
In 2009 Des Bouvrie was named Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his achievements in the field of art and design.

## Personal life

Des Bouvrie was married to interior designer Monique des Bouvrie, with whom he had two children. He had two older children from a previous marriage, and several grandchildren. Des Bouvrie died in Naarden on 4 October 2020, aged 78.

### Ancestry and extended family

In the course of an episode of the Dutch television show Verborgen Verleden, which is similar to the British Who Do You Think You Are?, Jan des Bouvrie found that his family was descended from Jehan de le Bouvrie (born about 1480), of Sainghin-en-Mélantois, where his widow, Jeanne de la Motte, inherited a farm with four cows and two horses in 1543. A grandson of Jehan, the merchant Lawrence de Bouverie, born in Sainghin, migrated to England, where his descendant William des Bouverie became the ancestor of the Earls of Radnor, of Longford Castle. Jan des Bouvrie hoped to meet the present-day William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, but was unsuccessful, as Lord Radnor would not agree to meet him.

## Selected publications

* Jan des Bouvrie, Interieur, Jan des Bouvrie, 1990.
* Jan des Bouvrie, Jan des Bouvrie: art & design, 2012.
* Jan des Bouvrie, Doen!: het verhaal van de man die Nederland leerde wonen, 2016.
# Su-Bodh Public School

Subodh Public School is a senior secondary English medium co-educational school in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. It is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The school started in 1985 under the aegis of Shri S.S. Jain Subodh Shiksha Samiti. It has a population of 3,500 students and 200 teachers. The students are prepared to write the CBSE examination in Science, Commerce, and Humanities. The principle of the school is Mrs. Kamaljeet Yadav.

## Description

Subodh Public School was the first school in Rajasthan to be certified with an ISO Quality management system and Environmental Management System. It was among the first five schools of India to be certified with an International School Award as a pioneer for the pilot project launched by British Council U.K. The school has consecutively won the International School Award.
* First in Rajasthan selected by the British Council for the DFID Global Curriculum Development Project
* First school of the country to establish the Human Rights Club
* First in the country to launch No Bag No Books system for primary classes
* First in the country to implement Teacher Appraisal System
* First to launch Open Book system in the junior classes
* First to implement 100 plus system in the home examination
* First to start with water management with roof-top rain-water harvesting system and raising of the ground water level system
# Gastrodia agnicellus

Gastrodia agnicellus is a species of orchid in the genus Gastrodia, found in Madagascar and described in Curtis's Botanical Magazine by Johan Hermans in 2020. It has been said to be "the ugliest orchid in the world", with "brown, fleshy and grotesque" flowers. Like all species in its genus, it is leafless and mycotrophic.
Agnicellus means "little lamb" or "lambkin". The name "refers to the woolly covering on the rhizome, the ear-like petals and also alludes to the name of the botanical artist who brought the new species to life in her drawing." For her work on this species the illustrator, Deborah Lambkin, won the 2020 Margaret Flockton Award, an annual award "for excellence in scientific botanical illustration" made by the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.

## Distribution and habitat

Gastrodia agnicellus has only been found in the Vatovavy-Fitovinany region in the southeast of Madagascar. It lives in the shade in the forests of Madagascar, often under leaf litter and humus.
# Stylosanthes fruticosa

Stylosanthes fruticosa (syn. Arachis fruticosa), the African stylo, wild lucerne or shrubby pencil‑flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Cape Verde, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar, and has been introduced to Hawaii. Relished by livestock, it can survive light shade, acid soils and even light frosts. It grows from sea level to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) on as little as 300 mm (12 in) of rain per year.
# Sub-bass

Sub-bass sounds are the deep, low-register pitches below approximately 70 Hz (C♯$_2$ in scientific pitch notation) and extending downward to include the lowest frequency humans can hear, approximately 20 Hz (E$_0$).
In this range, human hearing is less sensitive, so these notes tend to be felt more than heard. The low E-string on a bass guitar is usually tuned to 41.2 Hz, while the lowest note on a standard piano is A at 27.5 Hz. Sound reinforcement systems and PA systems often use one or more subwoofer loudspeakers to amplify sounds in the sub-bass range. Sounds below sub-bass are infrasound.

## Hearing and usage

20 Hz is considered the normal low-frequency limit of human hearing. When pure sine waves are reproduced under ideal conditions and at very high decibels, a human listener will be able to identify tones as low as 12 Hz (G$_{–1}$). Audio tracks known as bass tests use sub-bass frequencies which are used to test or to demonstrate the capabilities of audio equipment. High-end subwoofers can accurately reproduce sound to about 18 Hz ±2 dB.
Sub-bass is popular in dance music, where the low frequencies are produced by the kick drum (bass drum), the bass guitar and electronic synthesizers and drum machines. Particular genres such as house music, drum and bass and dubstep often feature a bassline that consists mainly of sub-bass frequencies. Much experimental music uses sub-bass, in particular drone music, where the majority of the sound can often be in the sub-bass range. Often, hip hop and rap songs feature prevalent sub-bass. The pedal keyboard range on pipe organs also often extends into the sub-bass range; the bottom note of a 16′ stop is typically tuned to 32 Hz (C$_1$), a 32′ stop at 16 Hz (C$_0$).
# Shock stall

A shock stall is a stall created when the airflow over an aircraft's wings is disturbed by shock waves formed when flying at or above the aircraft's drag divergence Mach number. Shock stall may cause control problem during speed transition (transonic to supersonic). Thin supercritical wing section and swept-back wing can postpone shock stall to higher speed.
A stall is the decrease in lift to a value below the weight, and the associated increase in drag upon the separation of the boundary layer (in this case behind the shock wave).
A shock stall occurs, when the lift coefficient as function of the Mach Number reaches its maximum value.
# Shock tactics

Shock tactics, shock tactic, or shock attack is an offensive maneuver which attempts to place the enemy under psychological pressure by a rapid and fully-committed advance with the aim of causing their combatants to retreat. The acceptance of a higher degree of risk to attain a decisive result is intrinsic to shock actions.

## Pre-modern

Shock tactics were usually performed by heavy cavalry, but were sometimes achieved by heavy infantry. The most famous shock tactic is the medieval cavalry charge. This shock attack was conducted by heavily armoured cavalry armed with lances, usually couched, galloping at full speed against an enemy infantry and/or cavalry formations.

## Modern

After the introduction of firearms, the use of the cavalry charge as a common military tactic waned. Infantry shock action required the holding of fire until the enemy was in very close range, and was used in defence as well as attack. The favorite tactic of the Duke of Wellington was for the infantry to fire a volley and then give a loud cheer and charge. The increasing firepower of machine guns, mortars, and artillery made this tactic increasingly hazardous. World War I saw the infantry charge at its worst, when masses of soldiers made frontal, and often disastrous, attacks on entrenched enemy positions.
Shock tactics began to be viable again with the invention of tanks and airplanes. During World War II, the Germans adapted shock tactics to modern mechanized warfare, known as blitzkrieg, which gained considerable achievements during the war and was afterwards adopted by most modern armies.
The United States tactic of shock and awe during the Second Gulf War was a shock tactic based on overwhelming military superiority on land and unchallenged dominance in naval and aerial warfare.

## Famous examples

* The charge of the Polish cavalry (September 12, 1683) at the Battle of Vienna in the Great Turkish War.
* Charge of the Light Brigade (October 25, 1854) at the Battle of Balaklava in the Crimean War.
* Pickett's Charge (July 3, 1863) at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War.
* Charge of the 21st Lancers (September 2, 1898) at the Battle of Omdurman in the Mahdist War: the last cavalry charge in battle by a British cavalry unit.
* Battle of Beersheba (October 31, 1917) in World War I: one of the last successful British cavalry charges in history.
* Charge at Krojanty (September 1, 1939) in World War II: a cavalry charge that gave birth to the myth of Polish cavalry charging German armoured vehicles.

## Shock units
### Cavalry

* Hetairoi
* Cataphracts
* Clibanarii
* Polish Hussars
* Carabiniers
* Cuirassiers
* Lancers
* Knights
* Gendarme (historical)

### Infantry

* Phalanx
* Hoplites
* Caroleans

### Mechanized

* Tank
* Airplane
# Asca flabellifera

Asca flabellifera is a species of mite in the family Ascidae.
# Asca foliata

Asca foliata is a species of mite in the family Ascidae.
# Gauteng Development League

The Gauteng Development League is a youth association football development league launched in 2017 by SAFA Gauteng. The league is for youth development for boys in different age groups. It features clubs from all over the province of Gauteng.

## History

When Gauteng Development League was launched in 2017, there were just nine teams. It has grown to have 80 teams, with 20 teams in each division: U13, U15, U17 and U19.

## U/13 Division
### Champions

| Year | Champion | Runners-up |
| 2020 | Orlando Pirates | School of Excellence |
| 2021 | Kaizer Chiefs | Supersport United |
| 2022 | Kaizer Chiefs | Supersport United |
| 2023 | Kaizer Chiefs | Mamelodi Sundowns |
Source:
In 2020 the league was interrupted by COVID-19. The league was cancelled while Orlando Pirates were on top of the table, but there were no winners of the league.

## U/15 Division

| Year | Champion | Runners-up |
| 2020 | Mamelodi Sundowns | Supersport United |
| 2021 | Kathorus Hyper Academy | Mamelodi Sundowns |
| 2022 | School of Excellence | Mamelodi Sundowns |
| 2023 | Kaizer Chiefs | Mamelodi Sundowns |
Source:
The league was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic. There was no winner, but Mamelodi Sundowns were on top of the table at the cancellation of the league.

## U/17 Division

| Year | Champion | Runners-up |
| 2020 | Bidvest Wits | Kaizer Chiefs |
| 2021 | Supersport United | Mamelodi Sundowns |
| 2022 | Highlands Park | Kaizer Chiefs |
| 2023 | Supersport United | Kaizer Chiefs |
Source:

## U/19 Division

| Year | Champion | Runners-up |
| 2020 | | |
| 2021 | Kaizer Chiefs | Jomo Cosmos |
| 2022 | Mamelodi Sundowns | Highlands Park |
| 2023 | Highlands Park | Mamelodi Sundowns |
Source:
# Jan Jahn

Jan Jakub Quirin Jahn (4 June 1739 – 18 August 1802, both in Prague) was a Czech painter and art historian.
Jahn studied painting from an early age, under his father until 1758 and later under established painters Jan Ferdinand Schor and František Xaver Palko. From 1761 he studied art at the Academy in Vienna. Jahn was the last leader of the Prague guild of painters, before the guild was dissolved as part of reforms of Joseph II. Jahn was also very well-travelled.
While Jahn was merely a competent artist, if not outstanding, he had a highly developed education in history and theory of arts. The majority of his customers were churches and religious orders, and their decline towards the end of 18th century caused Jahn to fall into financial difficulty. He unwillingly turned his attention to business, selling textiles, while continuing painting as a leisure activity. His most famous work was a history of painting in Bohemia.
# Methaneseleninic acid

Methaneseleninic acid (methylseleninic acid or MSA) is an organoselenium compound, a seleninic acid with the chemical formula CH$_3$SeO$_2$H. Its structure is CH$_3$−Se(=O)−OH.

## Preparation

Methaneseleninic acid is conveniently synthesized through oxidation of commercially available dimethyl diselenide by 3% hydrogen peroxide.
    CH$_3$−Se−Se−CH$_3$ + H$_2$O$_2$ → 2 CH$_3$−Se(=O)−OH
Seleninic acids can be prepared by oxidation of selenoesters with one equivalent of dimethyldioxirane (DMDO). Use of excess DMDO affords little studied selenonic acids (R−Se(=O)$_2$−OH).
    R−Se−C(=O)−R' + DMDO → R−Se(=O)−OH
    R−Se−C(=O)−R' + excess DMDO → R−Se(=O)$_2$−OH
Selenenic acids, formed during the syn-elimination of selenoxides, undergo spontaneous disproportionation into the corresponding seleninic acids and diselenides:
    4 R−Se−OH → 2 R−Se(=O)−OH + R−Se−Se−R

## Structure, bonding, properties

Methaneseleninic acid, from decomposition of Se-methylselenocysteine Se-oxide but also available commercially, has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The configuration about the selenium atom is pyramidal, with Se-C = 1.925(8) Å, Se-O = 1.672(7) Å, Se-OH = 1.756(7) Å, the angle OSeO = 103.0(3)°, the angle HO-Se-C = 93.5(3)°, and the angle OSeC = 101.4(3)°. The structure is isomorphous to that of methanesulfinic acid Optical isomers of methaneseleninic acid can be isolated as chiral crystals by recrystallization from a mixture of methanol and toluene. The absolute configuration of one of the enantiomers was determined by X-ray crystallography. Optically active methaneseleninic acid was stable toward racemization in the solid state, although it racemized very rapidly in solution.

## Anticancer activity

Methaneseleninic acid shows potential anticancer activity and is a model for studying the anticancer effects of selenium in vitro. Methaneseleninic acid shows superior in vivo inhibitory efficacy toward human prostate cancer compared to selenomethionine or selenite (ion). It has recently been reported that methaneseleninic acid enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel for treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, that methaneseleninic acid functions as an aromatase inhibitor, of possible use in therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, that methaneseleninic acid shows promise as a sensitizing agent for apoptosis induced by the Bcl-2-family inhibitor ABT-737 in several cancer lines, and that methaneseleninic acid restricts tumor growth in the nude mouse model of metastatic breast cancer and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.
Methaneselenol (CH$_3$SeH) can be produced in vivo by reduction of methaneseleninic acid and may in fact be the key metabolite responsible for selenium’s anticancer activity through generation of superoxide. The reduction of methaneseleninic acid by mammalian thioredoxin reductase has been studied.
# Rhabdochaeta pluscula

Rhabdochaeta pluscula is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Rhabdochaeta of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Bismarck Archipelago.
# Bisamberg

Bisamberg is a municipality in the district of Korneuburg in Austria.

## Geography

It lies about 5 km northeast of Vienna in the Weinviertel in Lower Austria. About 24.43 percent of the municipality is forested.
The municipality includes the villages of Bisamberg and Klein-Engersdorf.
# Iselin Bank

Iselin Bank (72°30′S 179°0′W﻿ / ﻿72.500°S 179.000°W﻿ / -72.500; -179.000) is a submarine bank in the Ross Sea off Antarctica. The name was approved by the Advisory Committee for Undersea Features in April 1980.
# Myospila meditabunda

Myospila meditabunda is a fly from the family Muscidae.
# Aleiodes tashimai

Aleiodes tashimai is a species of parasitoid wasp from Japan. It was first described by Kanetosi Kusigemati in 1983 as Rogas tashimai. It is a parasitoid of Sbopula epiorrhoe.
# Aleiphaquilon myrmex

Aleiphaquilon myrmex is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Colombia.
# Aleiphaquilon

Aleiphaquilon is a genus of Long-Horned Beetles in the beetle family Cerambycidae. There are about nine described species in Aleiphaquilon, found in South America.

## Species

These nine species belong to the genus Aleiphaquilon:
* Aleiphaquilon castaneum (Gounelle, 1911) (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay)
* Aleiphaquilon eburneum Mermudes & Monné, 1999 (Brazil)
* Aleiphaquilon myrmex Napp & Martins, 1984 (Colombia)
* Aleiphaquilon plaumanni Martins, 1975 (Brazil, Uruguay, and Bolivia)
* Aleiphaquilon rugosum Martins & Galileo, 1994 (Bolivia and Brazil)
* Aleiphaquilon taeniatum Mermudes & Monné, 1999 (Brazil)
* Aleiphaquilon tasyba Galileo & Martins, 2009 (Bolivia and Brazil)
* Aleiphaquilon tricolor Martins, 1975 (Brazil and Bolivia)
* Aleiphaquilon una Mermudes & Monné, 1999 (Brazil)
# Muchalls

Muchalls is a small coastal ex-fishing village in Kincardineshire, Scotland, south of Newtonhill and north of Stonehaven. Muchalls is situated slightly north of a smaller hamlet known as the Bridge of Muchalls. At the western edge of Muchalls is the historic Saint Ternan's Church. The rugged North Sea coastline near Muchalls features numerous cliffs, sea stacks and headlands, not infrequently in haar. The Grim Brigs headland is situated at Muchalls southern edge and Doonie Point headland is approximately 1.5 kilometres south.

## History

Muchalls is situated slightly to the east of the ancient Causey Mounth trackway, which was constructed on high ground to ensure passage along the only available medieval route from coastal points south from Stonehaven to Aberdeen. This ancient passage specifically connected the River Dee crossing (where the present Bridge of Dee is situated) via Gillybrands, Muchalls Castle and Stonehaven to the south. William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal and the Marquess of Montrose took that route when they led a Covenanter army of 9000 men in the battle of the Civil War in 1639. From Muchalls Castle to the sea is a secret cave, about one mile long, which smugglers once used. The cave is said to be haunted by the green lady. The cave has been boarded up at the castle end and at the sea. The portion of the cave near Muchalls's bridge has collapsed just below the railway line.
Charles Dickens visited Muchalls in its heyday as a Victorian resort and declared that Muchalls was a remarkably beautiful place. Footage was recorded in Muchalls for the 1990 film Hamlet. Muchalls is the birthplace of Richard Henry Brunton, the father of Japanese lighthouses.

## Transportation

Between 1849 and 1950, the village was served by the Muchalls Railway Station, on the Aberdeen Railway, the location of which can be estimated by its proximity to the Muchalls Peace Sign.
The 108 bus between Muchalls and Newtonhill was withdrawn in 2018 due to cost-cutting by Aberdeenshire Council. The village now has no public transport.
# Munaf

Munaf may refer to:
* Munaf Patel, Indian cricket player
* Mohammad Munaf, Iraqi-American terror suspect
* Mohammad Munaf (cricketer), Pakistani cricket player
* Manaf (deity) (also Manaf), a pre-Islamic deity
# Mukhiguda

Mukhiguda is a census town in Kalahandi district in the Indian state of Odisha. Mukhiguda is one of the villages in Jayapatna tehsil. Mukhiguda is 7 km from its tehsil's main town, Jaipatna, is located 87 km from its district's main city, Bhawanipatna, and is located 510 km (320 mi) from its state's main city Bhubaneswar.

## History

Mukhiguda is famous for Indravati Power Plant, which is one of India's largest and Asia's second-largest power house. The hydro-electric project of Odisha produces 600 MW electricity and took almost 15 years for its completion. Now 1 MW solar project was completed and Running in Year 2022. And Generated Power given to TPWODL.

## Updates

1. New Administrative Building of Indravati Power Plant will make work processed and continue in March 2024.This 3 storey building has been made approximately Two years. Building have Canteen,GYM,Central AC facility.
2. Slowly one of the Pump Storage Power plant also making work will processed.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Mukhiguda had a population of 1,910. Males constitute 9,24 of the population and females 9,86.In Mukhiguda total literacy population is 6,69, So Mukhiguda has an average literacy rate of 35%, smaller than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 24%. In Mukhiguda, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Education
### Schools

* Upper primary Project school
* Upper Indravati Project High school
* Saraswati sishu vidya mandir
* Swami Vivekananda English medium school
* venkateswar an english medium school

### Colleges

* Indravati Mahavidyalaya
# William McRae (botanist)

William McRae FRSE CIE (26 May 1878 – 8 July 1952) was a Scottish botanist specialising in fungi and lichens. He is largely remembered for his extensive work in India.

## Life

He was born on 26 May 1878 to his mother Margaret Younie and father William McRae. His family lived at 90 Princes Street in Edinburgh. He was educated at James Gillespie's High School in Edinburgh, then studied science at the University of Edinburgh before studying as a postgraduate at the University of Munich in Germany.
He worked as a Demonstrator in the Royal College of Science, London, then in 1908 moved to India. His first job was with the Indian Agricultural Service and then he moved to agricultural department in Madras with the title of Government Mycologist. He later became Director of the Institute.
In 1934 he was awarded a Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE). In 1936 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Malcolm Wilson, Sir William Wright Smith, Robert Campbell, and John Macqueen Cowan.
He retired to Edinburgh with his wife and family and died there on 8 July 1952.