OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Italian Institute of Human Sciences (SUM)

The Italian Institute of Human Sciences (Italian: Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane), often shortened to SUM, is an Italian public university dedicated to post-graduate formation and high level research in human and social sciences. It promotes Doctoral, Post-Doctoral and Master programmes in collaboration with other Italian and European universities.
It is constituted by five schools and institutes within the universities of Florence, Bologna, Rome - La Sapienza, Milan - Bicocca, Siena, Naples - Federico II, Naples - Eastern and Naples - Suor Orsola Benincasa.
In association with the Central European University (CEU), the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and the Humboldt Universität in Berlin, it has established the European Doctoral School for the Human and Social Sciences.
It has cooperation and co-tutorship agreements with the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, the École Pratique des Hautes Études, the New York University and the Georgetown University.

## Schools

* Istituto di Studi Umanistici, University of Florence
* Scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici, University of Bologna
* Scuola Superiore di Studi Umanistici, University of Siena
* Scuola di Alta Formazione nelle Scienze Umane e Sociali, University of Naples Federico II and Naples Eastern University
* Scuola Europea di Studi Avanzati, University of Naples - Suor Orsola Benincasa.
* European Doctoral School for the Human and Social Sciences, in association with the Central European University (CEU), the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS),the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) and the Humboldt Universität (HU).

## PhD Programmes

* Political Science
* History of Ideas, Philosophy and Science
* Ethics and History of Philosophy
* Anthropology, History and Philosophy of Culture
* Law and Economy
* Theoretical and Political Philosophy
* Philology, history of the Italian language and literature
* Juridical Science and Theory of the Law
* Philosophy of History
* European literature and culture
* Semiotics
* Europe and the invention of modernity
* Studies over the visible representation: history, theory and production of arts and images
* Sociology
* History of the International Relations
* Contemporary History
* Ancient, Medieval and Enlightenment Studies
* Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
* Geopolitics and culture of the Mediterranean
* Linguistics and history of the linguistic thought
* Contemporary History and Society
* Universalization of the juridical systems: history and theory

## European PhD programmes

* History
curricula:
* Europe and the invention of modernity
* Comparative history of knowledge
* The Classic tradition and its mediations in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim worlds
* Social Science
curricula:
* Europe in the context of globalization
* The social and political bases of Europe
* The social sciences of religions
# Andy Nelson (footballer)

Andrew Nesbitt Nelson (born 5 July 1935) is a former football player and manager. As a player, he won the Football League with Ipswich Town in 1962.
He entered management with Gillingham in 1971, but quit to manage Charlton Athletic in 1974, and was an immediate success with promotion from the Third Division in 1975. 1976 and 1977 saw top ten finishes in the league, but in the following two years Charlton had rely on last day results to escape relegation, and Nelson came under pressure. In 1979, he came under increased pressure as Mike Bailey was appointed as chief coach, and by March 1980 his contract had been cancelled after three successive defeats with Charlton in the relegation zone.

## Honours

Ipswich Town
* Football League First Division: 1961–62
* Football League Second Division: 1960–61
Individual
* Ipswich Town Hall of Fame: Inducted 2011
# Sarah Uwera

Sarah Uwera (born 1 June 1996) is a Rwandan cricketer and a former captain of the Rwanda women's cricket team. Uwera first began to play cricket in 2012, and also played for Rwanda's under-19 team.
In January 2019, Uwera was named in Rwanda's squad for their first ever Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) matches, against Nigeria. Uwera made her WT20I debut on 26 January 2019, for Rwanda against Nigeria at the National Stadium in Abuja, but only scored three runs. In May 2019, Uwera was named in Rwanda's squad for the 2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Africa tournament in Zimbabwe. In September 2019, Uwera was named captain of the Rwandan team, for the return leg of their bilateral tour against Nigeria. In May 2021, Uwera was again named as the captain of the national team, this time for the 2021 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament in Rwanda. Uwera said she was happy to be part of the tournament and that the team was in good spirits. In August 2021, Marie Bimenyimana replaced Uwera as the captain of the Rwandan team ahead of the 2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier tournament.
# Medjez-El-Bab Memorial

The Medjez-El-Bab Memorial is a Commonwealth War Graves Commission war memorial in the Medjez-el-Bab War Cemetery near Majaz al Bab, Tunisia. The memorial commemorates 2,525 Commonwealth forces members who died in Tunisia and Algeria during World War II and have no known grave.
# CJGY-FM

CJGY-FM (96.3 FM, "Reach 96.3") is a radio station licensed to Grande Prairie, Alberta. Owned by Golden West Broadcasting, it broadcasts a Christian radio format serving Grand Prairie, as well as the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John, British Columbia via rebroadcasters.

## History

The station received approval in 2006 and launched on December 3, 2007, as 96.3 Shine FM. In 2012, the station was transferred to Grande Prairie Radio, Ltd., owned by Touch Canada Broadcasting co-partner Peter Teichroeb. In 2013, the station re-branded as 96.3 Reach FM, although no change in format was made.
On January 27, 2016, the station received CRTC approval to add new FM transmitters in Dawson Creek (96.7 MHz) and Fort St. John, British Columbia (97.1 MHz). The transmitters, which commenced broadcasting in Summer 2016, repeat the same programs as CJGY-FM, but with local inserts, including news, weather and community information.
In 2017, the station was sold to Golden West Broadcasting. In 2023, Golden West requested a license amendment that would allow the station to broadcast a format based on popular music, citing that the Christian format had a small audience and was not profitable. The amendment was approved by the CRTC in January 2024.

## Rebroadcasters

CJGY-FM has the following rebroadcasters:
# Calyptochloa

Calyptochloa is a genus of grass (family Poaceae). It includes three species, which are endemic to Queensland, Australia.

## Species

Three species are accepted:
* Calyptochloa cylindrosperma E.J.Thomps. & B.K.Simon
* Calyptochloa gracillima C.E.Hubb.
* Calyptochloa johnsoniana E.J.Thomps. & B.K.Simon
# Andy Nemecek

Andrew James Nemecek (May 6, 1896 – May 8, 1984) was an American football and basketball player.
Nemecek was born in Lorain, Ohio, in 1896 and attended Lorain High School.
He attended Ohio State University and played college football at the center position from 1919 to 1921. He received nine varsity letters in football, basketball, and track. In 1921, he received the Western Conference medal for combined excellence in scholarship and athletics.
He also played three seasons in the National Football League (NFL) as a guard and center for the Columbus Tigers from 1923 to 1925. He was selected as the second-team center on the 1924 All-Pro Team. He also played professional basketball for the Columbus Kinners.
He worked as a surgeon in Shaker Heights, Ohio. He died in 1984 at a nursing home in Mayfield Heights, Ohio.
# Sparekassen for Vordingborg og Omegn

Sparekassen for Vordingborg og Omegn was a Danish savings bank based in Vordingborg, Denmark.

## History

The bank was founded on 8 January 1855. Aksel Jensen (born 1907) served as bank manager from 1949.
# Sparekassen for Kjøbenhavn og Omegn

Sparekassen for Kjøbenhavn og Omegn (lit. 'The Savings Bank for Copenhagen and Its Vicinity') was a local savings bank in Copenhagen, Denmark. Its headquarters was from 1870 located at the corner of Niels Hemmingsens Gade (No. 24) and Løvstræde (No. 8). The building has later housed the Danish Hotel and Restaurant School and is now home to a Paustian flagship store.

## History

Sparekassen for Kjøbenhavn og Omegn was founded on 1 May 1820 by secretary in the General Customs Chamber and Commerdekollegiet H. Bech, Jonas Collin, J. P. Mynset, P. Møller, mayor F. C. Schäffer and priest at Trinitatis Church J. L. Paludan.

## Building

The savings bank was initially based in the new City Hall on Nytorv9. It was later based in Frederiksholms Kanal and Rådhusstræde.
The savings bank purchased a building at the corner of Niels Hemmingsens Gade (No. 24) and Løvstræde (No. 7) in 1864. The building was in 1866-1868 adapted for use as new bank headquarters by architects Vilhelm Klein (1835-1913) and Hans Conrad Stilling (1815-1891). It was inaugurated on 18 November 1870. The building was by the same architects expanded Valkendorfsgade in In 1872-1873 and again in 1879. Another refurbishment of the building took place in 1911-1913 under supervision of the architects Albert Oppenheim (1879-1956) and Hans Wright (1854-1925).

## Legacy

The savings Bank was later merged with other savings banks under the name SDS which was in turn merged into Unibank and later Nordea. These banks operated a branch in the building in Niels Hemmingsensgade until 2003. The building was then taken over by the Danish Hotel and Restaurant School. It is now home to a Paustian flagship store.
# Sphaerodactylus leonardovaldesi

Sphaerodactylus leonardovaldesi is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae . The species is endemic to the island of Roatán in Honduras.

## Etymology

The specific name, leonardovaldesi, is in honor of Honduran biologist Leonardo Valdés Orellana.

## Description

S. leonardovaldesi may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 26.8 mm (1.06 in).
# Sphaerodactylus glaucus

Sphaerodactylus glaucus is a species of gecko known by the common name collared dwarf gecko or least gecko. (geco-enano collarejo in Spanish). It is native to Mexico and parts of Central America, its range extending from Oaxaca and Veracruz in Mexico through Guatemala to Honduras.
This gecko has a cream-colored band bordered by two black bands around the neck. There is a similar band bordered by black spots at the base of the tail and another at the middle of the tail. It can be distinguished from S. continentalis by its dorsal scales, which are smooth rather than keeled. It is diurnal.
This species has been observed in several kinds of tropical forest, subtropical moist forest, and mangrove ecotones from sea level to 1000 meters in elevation. It is sometimes found near human habitation hiding under debris and in thatching.
This gecko is common in its range and faces no immediate major threats. It is sometimes prey and competition for the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in human habitations, but not in wild habitat.
# Sphaerodactylus klauberi

Sphaerodactylus klauberi is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae The species is endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico.

## Common names

Common names for S. klauberi include Klauber's dwarf gecko, Klauber's least gecko, Puerto Rican highland sphaero, Puerto Rican upland gecko, and Puerto Rican upland sphaero.

## Etymology

The epithet or specific name, klauberi, is in honor of American herpetologist Laurence Monroe Klauber.

## Description

Sphaerodactylus klauberi is one of the larger-sized Sphaerodactylus species. It may attain a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 37 mm (1.5 in). Its colorings consist of a dark-brown upper body with darker-brown or black spots which become larger on the tail. The underbody is usually orange or reddish-pink with a gray throat that may have dark mottled areas.

## Behavior

Like all Sphaerodactylus species, S. klauberi is voiceless. It is mostly active at night.

## Diet

S. klauberi is an insectivore.

## Reproduction

The female of S. klauberi lays one hard-shelled egg that can be as large as her head. The egg's incubation lasts 2 to 3 months.

## Habitat

S. klauberi specimens have been collected between 160 ft (50 m) and 3,600 ft (1,097 m) in elevation. They can sometimes be seen on the ground or on low branches in the Tabonuco, Colorado, and Palma Sierra sections of the Caribbean National Rain Forest.
# Sphaerionillum pictum

Sphaerionillum pictum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Henry Walter Bates in 1885.
# Puerta 1808

Puerta 1808 (Spanish for "Gateway") is an outdoor carbon steel sculpture by Manuel Felguérez installed in Mexico City, Mexico. It was inaugurated on 20 October 2007 by Marcelo Ebrard, the head of government, and was placed in the corner of Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Juárez, in Cuauhtémoc. It is a 15 meters (49 feet) high sculpture that lies on a 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) high plinth.
The number in its name represents the year 1808 referencing the country's pre-independence events of 1810. Despite its name, it is an abstract sculpture that is not a traditional gateway-shaped figure. Felguérez said it represents one symbolically as it is the starting point to the historic center of Mexico City. He also dedicated it to Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos, a New Spain lawyer imprisoned by the Spanish authorities for his independentist advocacy and who died in a prison in 1808. Puerta 1808 was created specifically for the celebrations of the 200th anniversary of the country's independence. The work was complemented with the Fuente de la República placed a few meters away.
Álvaro Medina, from the Durban Segnini Gallery, described the sculpture as a "structure composed of a pair of triangles, the trunk of a cone divided vertically, a pair of cantilevered arched beams, a tubular linear beam and a few tensors".$^{:10}$
Later in his life, Felguérez said about Puerta 1808: "It is a living sculpture: it changes its look in every demonstration; it is colored with the slogans of the nonconformists in turn. And this, far from bothering me or being a grievance for the sculpture, gives it dynamism and validity that will only be exhausted when we live in a fair country and when all social demands have been satisfied. That is to say, never".
# Andrew Jones

Andrew Jones may refer to:

## Politicians

* Andrew Jones (Australian politician) (1944–2015), Australian politician
* Andrew Jones (British politician) (born 1963), British politician
* Andrew Jones (fl. 1386), MP for Cricklade
* Andrew Jones (Alabama politician), Republican member of the Alabama Senate

## Sports
### Cricket

* Andrew Jones (cricket administrator) (born 1972), current CEO of Cricket NSW
* Andrew Jones (Australian cricketer) (born 1964), Australian cricketer
* Andrew Jones (New Zealand cricketer) (Andrew Howard Jones, born 1959), New Zealand test cricketer, played for Central Districts Stags, Otago Volts and Wellington Firebirds
* Andrew Jones (Welsh cricketer) (Andrew James Jones, born 1972), former Welsh cricketer, played for Wales Minor Counties
* Andrew Jones (Staffordshire cricketer) (Andrew James Jones, born 1977), former English cricketer, played for Staffordshire
* Andrew Jones (Somerset cricketer) (Andrew Paul Jones, born 1964), former English cricketer, played for Somerset

### Other sports

* Andrew Jones (basketball) (born 1997), American basketball player
* Andrew Jones (Canadian football) (born 1982), Canadian football player
* Andrew Jones (racing driver) (born 1980), Australian racing driver
* Andi Jones (born 1978), English athlete

## Others

* Andrew Lee Jones (1955–1991), American executed for murder
* Andrew Jones (artist), American visual artist
* Andrew Jones (Medal of Honor) (1835–?), American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
* Andrew Jones (historian) (1944–), British historian
* Andrew Jones (filmmaker) (1983–2023), British screenwriter and director
* Andrew R. Jones, visual effects artist, winner of the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for Avatar
* Andrew "Jr. Boy" Jones (born 1948), American blues guitarist
* Andrew Jones (priest) (born 1961), Church in Wales priest
# Speke's pectinator

Speke's pectinator (Pectinator spekei) or Speke's gundi, is a species of rodent in the family Ctenodactylidae. It is monotypic within the genus Pectinator. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, and rocky areas.
# Andy Raleigh

Andy Raleigh (born 17 March 1981) is an English former professional rugby league footballer. He played in the Super League for the Huddersfield Giants, the Hull Kingston Rovers and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He played as a second-row or as a prop.

## Background

Raleigh was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England.

## Club career

Between 2002 and 2004, Raleigh played for Sheffield Eagles. In November 2004, Raleigh joined Hull Kingston Rovers. He scored 17 tries in 30 appearances during which time the club won the Northern Rail Cup and Raleigh was named National League Player of the Year. In September 2005, Raleigh signed a two-year deal to join Huddersfield Giants ahead of the 2006 season. Raleigh played for Huddersfield in the 2006 Challenge Cup Final at second-row against St. Helens but the Giants lost 12–42. In October 2011, Raleigh joined Wakefield Trinity Wildcats on a two-year deal. Raleigh announced his retirement at the end of the 2014 season.
# Saxo-fridericia

Saxo-fridericia is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1845.
The genus is native to northern South America.

## Species

* Saxo-fridericia aculeata Körn - N Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas), SE Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname
* Saxo-fridericia compressa Maguire - Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas)
* Saxo-fridericia duidae Maguire - Venezuela (Amazonas)
* Saxo-fridericia grandis Maguire - Venezuela (Amazonas)
* Saxo-fridericia inermis Ducke - Brazil (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas), Colombia (Guainía)
* Saxo-fridericia petiolata Maguire - Venezuela (Amazonas)
* Saxo-fridericia regalis R.H.Schomb. - Roraima, Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas), Guyana
* Saxo-fridericia spongiosa Maguire - Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas)
# Saxman, West Virginia

Saxman was an unincorporated community in Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. Saxman is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west-southwest of Richwood. It is now a ghost town, and the Saxman post office is also gone.
# Sphaerolobium vimineum

Sphaerolobium vimineum, commonly known as leafless globe-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is an erect, rush-like, mostly leafless shrub with yellow and reddish flowers arranged in small groups along the stems.

## Description

Sphaerolobium vimineum is an erect, rush-like shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1.2 m (1 ft 0 in – 3 ft 11 in) and is more or less leafless. The leaves, when present, are linear to lance-shaped and up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long. The flowers are arranged in groups of 2 or 3 along the branches on a peduncle up to about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with egg-shaped bracts, and bracteoles 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long at the base of the sepals. The sepals are green with dark grey spots, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and joined at the base, with overlapping lobes, the two upper lobes forming a wedge-shaped "lip". The standard petal is elliptic, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and yellow with a red base, the wings longer than the keel. Flowering occurs from September to December and the fruit is a spherical pod 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) in diameter.
Sphaerolobium minus is a similar species but has uniformly grey sepals, the wings about the same length as the keel and the wings much longer than broad.

## Taxonomy and naming

Sphaerolobium vimineum was first formally described in 1805 by James Edward Smith in the Annals of Botany. The specific epithet (vimineum) means "having long, flexible twigs or shoots".

## Distribution and habitat

Leafless globe-pea usually grows in heath and forest from south-east Queensland, along the coast and tablelands of New South Wales, through the higher rainfall parts of southern Victoria, west to the far south-east of South Australia, and south to Tasmania. It is also widespread in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren bioregions of south-western Western Australia.
# Scaphella dubia

Scaphella dubia, common name the dubious volute, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.
# Andrii Abazyn

Andrii Abaza (1634–1703) was a Ukrainian colonel in the Bratslav Regiment and leader of the Cossack formations in Right-Bank Ukraine. According to a popular story, his father was an Abazа, Ottoman Grand Vizier and Pasha of the Ozu Eyalet Abaza Mehmet. Andrii's mother was daughter of Stanisław Koniecpolski, Polish Grand Crown Hetman.

## Campaigns

* In 1686 - 1687 Abazyn participated in the joint campaign of the Polish and Cossack troops against Turkish troops in Moldova
* Between 1691 and 1696 he led the Right-Bank Cossacks against the Tatars and the Turks at the fortresses of Kizi-Kerman, Budjak, Ochakov. Close associate of Hetman Samus, Abazа together with Pavlo Mikhnovych defeated Poles at Berdychiv
* In 1695 he defeated Tatars near Breslov
* During the anti-Polish rebellion between 1702 and 1704 he led Cossacks and Podolian inhabitants the Commonwealth. In late October 1702, together with Hetman Samus troops Andrii Abazа participated in the siege of Bila Tserkva, they took cities of Nemyriv, Bar and others.
He was badly wounded on 20 February 1703 and captured by the Poles. Later he was executed in Sharhorod.

## Family

* father Abaza Mehmet (1576-1634), Prince Abaza Mehmet Pasha, lived during the reign of Sultan Osman II (1618-1622)
* mother - daughter of Stanisław Koniecpolski
* wife - Safta Dotsiul
* children: Simon, Anna, Ilya, Jonah
# Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro

Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro (1620 – 15 June 1679) was a Polish szlachcic and writer.

## Biography

Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro was born in 1620. He studied at the Cracow Academy.
He was castellan of Lwów from 1654 and voivode of the Podolian Voivodeship from 1676. He was Marshal of the Sejm (zwyczajny) from 16 January to 11 March 1652 in Warsaw. At that sejm Władysław Siciński used liberum veto for the first time. Fredro fortified Przemyśl in 1658–1660.
He died on 15 June 1679. In his political writing, Fredro argues that liberum veto is necessary for a republic as big as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. When one region of the Commonwealth falls into crisis, nobles from other regions may not be fully aware of the danger. Decision by majority in the Sejm is dangerous for such a big republic, because it enables the majority to ignore the interests of a particular region which has gotten into difficulty and asks the nation for help.
He was married to Katarzyna Gidzińska.

## Works

* Gestorum Populi Poloni sub Henrico Valesio (1652)
* Przysłowia mów potocznych (1658)
* Scriptorum seu togae et belli notationum fragmenta (1660)
* Monita politicomoralia (1664)
* Militarium seu axiomatum belli (1668)
* Epistola ad amicum (1669)
* Vir Consilii (1730, released after his death)