OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samuel Sobieski Nelles

Samuel Sobieski Nelles (October 17, 1823 – October 17, 1887) was a Canadian Methodist minister and academic.
Born in Mount Pleasant in what was then Upper Canada, Nelles was the eldest son of William Nelles and Mary Hardy who had immigrated to Canada from New York state after the War of 1812. Nelles was educated in local schools, the Lewiston Academy, the Frederica Academy, and the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary. He attended Victoria College in Cobourg from 1842 to 1844 and graduated from Wesleyan University in 1846, and there became a member of the Mystical Seven. He spent a year as a principal of the Newburgh Academy in Lennox County before being ordained a minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Canada in 1850.
In 1850, he was appointed professor of classics and acting principal of Victoria College. In 1851, he was appointed principal and succeeded Egerton Ryerson in 1854 to become president. In 1884, the school was renamed Victoria University and he would become its first chancellor and president serving until his death in 1887.
# Forbidden Area

Forbidden Area is a 1956 Cold War thriller novel by Pat Frank. Its plot involves Soviet sleeper agents intended to sabotage the U.S. war effort, who have been trained by classical conditioning to have an American "cover identity" that they can remember as well as their own.
Frank was asked to write a book about a Russian invasion. He said he was inspired by German troops landing in Florida in World War Two.
It was published in a magazine in serialized form as Seven Days to Never.
The New York Times said it "isn't exciting at all".
TV rights were bought by Martin Manulis.

## 1956 TV adaptation

In October 1956, CBS broadcast an adaptation of the novel as the first episode of its Playhouse 90 series.

## Other proposed versions

CBS had an option to purchase the film rights.
In 1963, it was announced Irving Asher and Ely Landau would turn the novel into a film. The film version was not produced.
# Solers

Solers is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Solers are called Solersois.
# Solero

Solero may refer to:
* Solero (ice cream), an ice cream brand
* Solero, Piedmont, a comune (municipality) in the province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont
# Pratt's Castle (Richmond, Virginia)

Pratt's Castle was a home located in the historic Gambles Hill neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia. Built in 1854, the structure was a rare Virginia example of Gothic Revival architecture.

## History

In 1853–1854, architect William Pratt constructed a castle among other houses atop Gambles Hill, which became known as Pratt's Castle. Pratt modeled the castle after the estates of his Scottish ancestors. The castle was highly visible from Oregon Hill in Richmond and considered a notable local landmark.
The castle was noted for its opulent exterior and interior craftsmanship. The place was built on a foundation of James River granite with a wooden structure covered by rolled sheet metal from Tredegar Iron Works, which was embossed and painted to resemble stone. The building was constructed with crenelated towers, its entrance hall and parlor included stained cathedral glass, it was filled with Gothic decorations and contained a dungeon in the basement, and its construction included a number of hidden passageways and secret staircases. In one room, while standing on the hidden stairs, one could look into the room below through the eyes of a painting on a wall.
Pratt's Castle was the home of General Charles Henningsen during the American Civil War. For a period in the early 1900s, the home was owned by Samuel H. Cornick and his wife Henrietta, the daughter of Mayor of Richmond Joseph C. Mayo. During a two-day 1940s open house, an estimated 14,000 people visited the castle.
In 1957, the Ethyl Corporation purchased six acres of property atop Gambles Hill, including Pratt's Castle. Despite local Richmond preservationists' objections, Pratt's Castle was ultimately destroyed and replaced with the Ethyl Corporation Building, a Classical Revival structure designed by Carneal and Johnston architects, and a landscape by Charles Gillette.
# Pratt, Minnesota

Pratt is an unincorporated community in Steele County, Minnesota, United States.

## Geography

The community is located southeast of Owatonna along U.S. Highway 218 near Steele County Road 6, Austin Road. Pratt is located within Aurora Township and Havana Township. SE 48th Street is also in the immediate area. Turtle Creek flows nearby. Nearby places include Owatonna, Owatonna Township, Somerset Township, and Bixby.

## History

A post office called Pratt was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1955. The community was named for William A. Pratt, an early settler.
# Poviliūnas

Poviliūnas is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Antanas Poviliūnas [lt] (born 1927), Lithuanian economist, professor
* Artūras Poviliūnas [lt], chairman of the National Olympic Committee of Lithuania
# Sami Kivelä

Sami Kivelä (born 1979) is a Finnish comic book artist. He is best known for titles such as Undone by Blood (AfterShock Comics), Abbott (Boom! Studios) and Machine Gun Wizards (Dark Horse Comics).
Kivelä has also illustrated several comic books for Zenescope Entertainment, including Hit List and the Realm War: Age of Darkness series, which is a part of the Grimm Fairy Tales Universe. His other work includes Beautiful Canvas (Black Mask Studios), Chum (ComixTribe), Deer Editor (Kickstarter-funded and published by Mad Cave Studios), Dark Lies, Darker Truths (Markosia), The Heap (Moonstone Books), Zeroids (Moonstone Books) and Lordi comics (Arktinen Banaani).
Furthermore, he has been published by Ape Entertainment, Egmont, Otava, Heske Horror etc. Kivelä has also self-published a number of comics.
In the past, Kivelä has designed and illustrated CD and DVD covers.
# Prays sublevatella

Prays sublevatella is a moth in the family Plutellidae. It is found on Réunion island in the Indian Ocean.
This species has a wingspan of 15 mm and a wing length of 7 mm.
Its host plant is Olea lancea (Oleaceae).
# Prays tineiformis

Prays tineiformis is a moth of the family Plutellidae. It is found in Hainan, China.
# Inquisivi Province

Inquisivi is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. During the presidency of José Ballivián it was created on November 2, 1844. The capital of the province is Inquisivi.

## Geography

The Kimsa Cruz mountain range traverses the province. Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below:
* Apachita
* Chachakumani
* Chunkara
* Ch'amak Qullu
* Ch'iyar Jaqhi
* Inka Laqaya
* Iru Pata
* Iskayuni
* Jach'a Pukara
* Jach'a Warmi Qullu
* Jaqi Jiwata
* Janq'u Qullu
* Janq'u Quta
* Juqhuri
* Kimsa Llallawa
* Kimsa Q'awa
* Kimsa Willk'i
* Kuntur Samaña
* León Jiwata
* Pichaqani
* Pirwachani
* Pukara
* Pukara Qullu
* Qala Piwrani
* Qina Qina
* Qullqi Pata
* Q'uwa Qullu
* Tanka Tankani
* Turi Jaqhi
* Turini
* T'ula T'ulani
* Wankarani
* Wari Ikiña
* Warmi Qullu
* Wila Qullu
* Wisk'acha Punta
* Wisk'achani

## Subdivision

Inquisivi Province is divided into six municipalities which are further subdivided into cantons.
| Municipality | Inhabitants (2001) | Seat | Inhabitants (2001) |
| Inquisivi Municipality | 16,143 | Inquisivi | 581 |
| Quime Municipality | 7,338 | Quime | 2,439 |
| Cajuata Municipality | 7,757 | Cajuata | 875 |
| Colquiri Municipality | 18,351 | Colquiri | 4,004 |
| Ichoca Municipality | 6,839 | Ichoca | 517 |
| Licoma Pampa Municipality | 2,739 | Licoma | 1,036 |
# San Pietro in Lama

San Pietro in Lama (Salentino: Sampiètru ti l'ìrmici) is a town and comune in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy.
Its Mother Church is a typical example of Leccese Baroque.
# Somethin' 4 the Riderz

Somethin' 4 the Riderz is a compilation album by American rapper, Frost. The album was released in 2003 for 40 Ounce Records. It contained Frost's unreleased and hard to find songs. The album featured many guests including Ice-T, Above the Law, King Tee and DJ Quik.

## Track listing

* "Cali Tex Connection" feat. SPM
* "How We Ride" feat. Mr. Gee & K-Borne
* "Connection" feat. Mr. Coop
* "Chicano Gambinos" feat. Mr. Gee & G' Fellas
* "Maria" feat. Jay Tee & Baby Beesh
* "Same Shit" feat. Jay Tee & Baby Beesh
* "Presidential" feat. LSOB & Jay Tee
* "City of Angels" feat. Above the Law
* "What's Goin' On?" feat. Jay Tee & Baby Beesh
* "It Ain't Easy" feat. Gambino All Stars
* "We Ride Hot" feat. Jay Tee & Messy Marv
* "Got Bud" feat. Nino B & Don Cisco
* "Mamacita" feat Don Cisco, Kurupt & Soopafly
* "Last Nite" feat. Jay Tee
* "West Coast, Gulf Coast, East Coast" feat. SPM & Baby Beesh
* "Get High with Me" feat. Rappin' 4-Tay & Shorty B
* "Let's Make A V" feat. King Tee, DJ Quik & James DeBarge
* "What You Wanna Do" feat. Merciless & Javi Picasso
* "Party Goin' Down Tonight" feat. Jay Tee
* "Tears of a Mother" feat. Ice-T
* This 2003 hip hop album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Institute of Public Affairs, Poland

Institute of Public Affairs (IPA, Instytut Spraw Publicznych) is an independent, non-partisan public policy think tank in Poland. The IPA was established in 1995 to support modernization reforms and to provide a forum for informed debate on social and political issues. It is a Public Benefit Organization as defined by Polish law.

## Staff

Jacek Kucharczyk has been the president of the IPA executive board since 2009; previously he was the Institute's director for programming. Previously, Lena Kolarska-Bobińska served as president of the executive board and director of the Institute from 1997 to 2009.

## Achievements

In November 2001, the institute was awarded a special prize and the title of “The Institution of the Year 2001” by the Pro Publico Bono Foundation.
Wide international echo was gathered by the two IPA’s publications: “The second wave of Polish reforms” and “Four Reforms - from the concept to the realisation”. In the special survey about Poland in “The Economist” these two were mentioned as one of three major sources of information (in addition to OECD reports and Prof. Norman Davies’ book).
IPA was one of the most active non-government organization in preparations to the accessing referendum and the referendum campaign. Its concept of two-day voting paved the way for the constitutional 50% voter turnout.

## Activity

The Institute of Public Affairs conducts research as well as societal analysis and presents policy recommendations.
IPA has prepared reform proposals for the key areas in society and politics. The Institute has a network of associates, which consists of scholars from different academic institutions as well as numerous social and political actors. The IPA publishes the results of its activities in the form of books and policy papers. It also organizes seminars, conferences and lectures. Its publications are distributed to members of parliament, government officials, the media and non-governmental organizations.

## Aims

The Institute of Public Affairs aims to:
* implement projects significant for the public domain
* initiate public debates
* identify potential threats to the social fabric and anticipate future problems
* offer new ideas for policies aimed at solving existing and future problems
* act as a bridge between academia, the world of politics, the media and NGOs

## More

Institute of Public Affairs is a member of many structures uniting non-government organizations e.g. PASOS, EPIN, EuroMeSCo network, NDRI and Abroad Group.
# Powell, Haakon County, South Dakota

Powell is an extinct town in Haakon County, in the U.S. state of South Dakota. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.

## History

A post office called Powell was established in 1908, and remained in operation until 1957. The town has the name of Dan Powell, a cattleman.
# Formal contract

A formal contract is a contract where the parties have signed under seal, while an informal contract is one not under seal. A seal can be any impression made upon the document by the parties to the contract. This was traditionally done in wax stating the intentions of the parties to be bound by the contract. Only parties to a sealed document are the people who have rights under it, thus only people party to the contract can be found liable. According to Harvey Boller, J.D. Professor of Law at Loyola University, roughly 100 percent of contracts today are informal contracts.
The legitimacy of a contract, however, does not rely upon whether a contract is formal or informal. Both are considered binding, given all other elements of a contract exist. In which both parties agree to each comply with each other's wishes to a certain limit. Usually, the contract is formed by a greater authority, such as a government, or corporation.
The Twelfth Edition of Business Law: Text Cases (Clarkson, Miller & Cross), says that formal contracts are, "contracts that require a special form or method of creation to be enforceable." It uses negotiable instruments as an example of formal contracts, such as: checks, drafts, promissory notes, and certificates of deposit. These examples are all required to have special formation under the Uniform Commercial Code.
# San Cataldo

San Cataldo may refer to:

## Places in Italy

* Chiesa di San Cataldo, a church in the City of Palermo, Sicily
* San Cataldo Nature Reserve [it], in the Province of Lecce
* San Cataldo di Lecce, Apulia
* San Cataldo, Sicily, a commune in the Province of Caltanissetta

## People

* Catald, Irish saint, Bishop of Taranto, Italian name San Cataldo
# Alveolar lateral ejective fricative

The alveolar lateral ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, reported in the Northwest Caucasian languages and in Modern South Arabian languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɬʼ⟩.

## Features

Features of the alveolar lateral ejective fricative:
* Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
* Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
* Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
* It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
* It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
* The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.

## Occurrence

[ɬʼ] occurs in the reconstructed Proto-Semitic language.
| Language | Language | Word | Meaning |
| Adyghe | Adyghe | лӀы | 'man' |
| Kabardian | Kabardian | плӀы | 'four' |
| Tlingit | Tlingit | lʼook | ‘fish’ |
# Solar savings fraction

In discussing solar energy, the solar savings fraction or solar fraction (f) is the amount of energy provided by the solar technology divided by the total energy required.
The solar savings fraction thus is zero for no solar energy utilization, to 1.0 for all energy provided by solar. The solar savings fraction of a particular system is dependent on many factors such as the load, the collection and storage sizes, the operation, and the climate. As an example, the same solar-thermal water heating system installed in a single-family house in Arizona might have f=0.75 (75%), while in a much colder and cloudier climate, like Pittsburgh, PA, might only have a solar fraction of f=0.3 (30%) or so. Great care is thus needed in designing such systems, and in evaluating their economics.
To increase the solar savings fraction, energy conservation measures should be employed first before expanding the size of the solar energy collection system. Doing so reduces the need for hot water or space heating, for example, and typically provides the best economic return on the total investment, including the solar energy system.
# Forty Years

Forty Years or Veertig Jaren is a 1938 Dutch film directed by Edmond T. Gréville.

## Cast

* Cees Laseur ... Rolf van Meerle
* Lily Bouwmeester ... Annetje Maasdonk
* Matthieu van Eysden ... Frans Maasdonk
* Ank van der Moer ... Eline Verhulst
* Eduard Verkade ... Zijne excellentie van Meerle
* Adolphe Engers ... Jan de Oude
* Paul Steenbergen ... Wim Maasdonk
* Cor Van der Lugt Melsert ... Dick Maasdonk
* Martha Posno ... Lottie van Meerle
* Myra Ward ... Lily Burger
# Samuel C. Brightman

Samuel C. Brightman (1911–1992) was a journalist, war correspondent, freelance writer and adult educator.
Brightman started his career with the Louisville (KY) Courier-Journal covering education and politics and eventually becoming their Washington correspondent. In 1939 he spent seven months travelling a Europe on the verge of war, writing a series of articles for the Courier-Journal (his last installment was written from Poland shortly before Hitler invaded).
He enlisted in the army in World War II and was assigned as a Public Relations Officer, responsible for transport, billeting, and general assistance for a group of newspaper reporters. He and his collection of reporters landed on Omaha Beach on D-Day with the American forces; Brightman's were the first reports to reach the U.S. after the landing, despite the fact that their equipment landed nearly a mile away and there was no reliable route for their stories. Brightman received a Bronze Star for his efforts.
After the war he took a position with the Democratic National Committee, an organization he remained with for nearly twenty years in various capacities including Deputy Director of Publicity, Director of Publicity, and managing editor of their monthly publication, The Democratic Digest, later called The Democrat. He was involved in several Democratic National Conventions in the 1950s and 1960s, generating publicity, press releases, and informational brochures for the party.
Throughout his career he wrote extensively—columns, newsletters, essays, and speeches—on health care, the perils of aging, politics and political humor and, in his later years, on the importance of education in a democratic society and on ways to encourage civic literacy in the general population. He was the founding editor of "Adult and Continuing Education Today" and the first journalist to become devoted fully to covering adult education.
# International Journal of Surgery

The International Journal of Surgery, formerly known as The Journal of Surgery, is a monthly open-access peer-reviewed medical journal of surgery established in 2003. The journal has been published by Elsevier since 2005, and is being published by Wolters Kluwer since 2023. The journal is affiliated with the Association of Surgeons in Training, the New York Surgical Society, and the Chinese chapter of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is indexed and abstracted in:
* EBSCO databases
* Embase
* MEDLINE/PubMed
* ProQuest databases
* Science Citation Index Expanded
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 15.3.

## Harold Ellis Prize

Since 2004, the journal has annually awarded the Harold Ellis Prize "in recognition of scientific papers judged to be outstanding". Harold Ellis is emeritus professor of surgery at the University of London and currently a professor in the Department of Anatomy & Human Sciences at King's College London.

## Sister journals
### International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

The International Journal of Surgery Case Reports publishes open access surgical case reports. The editor-in-chief is David Rosin. The journal annually awards the Thomas Starzl Prize.

### International Journal of Surgery Open

The International Journal of Surgery Open is an open access journal of surgery. The editor-in-chief is D. Rosin.
# San Rocco, Potenza

San Rocco is a Roman Catholic church located in the city of Potenza in the region of Basilicata, Italy.

## History

A church or chapel was erected here between 1400 and 1500, after a season of the plague called the “Delle Ghiandole”. A confraternity associated with the chapel was given official recognition in 1789 by King Ferdinand IV of Naples.
But like many buildings in this earthquake prone region, the church collapsed in 1832, and reconstruction, occurred over the following decades. A marble relief of St Roch (1857) is located over the portal, sculpted by Michele Busciolano. The eclectic building references a variety of styles: it has a pyramidal dome and a neoclassic façade with flanking stone transept. The bell-tower has a non-functioning bell dating to 1565. To the right of the façade, beside the church, is a modern bronze statue of St Roch (1969).
The counterfacade has an accumulation of spolia excavated or detached from local tombs. The chapel on the right has a polychrome wooden statue of St Roch (1859) carved by Michele Busciolano. The main altar has a 15th-century crucifix.
# Ambikapathy

Ambikapathy may refer to these Indian films:
* Ambikapathy (1937 film), a 1937 Tamil film directed by Ellis R. Dungan
* Ambikapathy (1957 film), a 1957 Tamil film directed by P. Neelakantan
* Ambikapathy (2013 film), a 2013 Tamil film directed by Anand L. Rai
# Fort Nichols (Massachusetts)

Fort Nichols was a fort that existed in 1775 in Amesbury, Massachusetts during the American Revolutionary War. It was also known as Fort Merrimac during its existence. Two possible locations for the fort exist. One is a location named Salisbury Point on modern topographic maps, where Interstate 95 crosses the Merrimack River; this is the location of the coordinates given. Another possibility is the mouth of the Merrimack at Salisbury Beach in Salisbury. One source (Heitman) states that the American Civil War Fort at Salisbury Point was built at the same location as Fort Nichols, which is given as "at Salisbury Point, opposite Newburyport". The Civil War fort was sometimes referred to as Fort Nichols by local civilians.
# American Specialties

American Specialties is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Parquet Courts, initially released in 2011 as a limited edition cassette on Cut the Cord That... Records. A vinyl version of the album was subsequently released on Pinball! Records in 2012.
The album was partly mixed by Woods multi-instrumentalist Jarvis Taveniere.

## Recording

In 2016, vocalist and guitarist Andrew Savage noted that the album stands mostly alone within the band's discography, in terms of its songwriting and overall aesthetic: "There’s a lot of stuff on American Specialties that didn’t really get revisited in the band, although its essence has informed everything the band has done."

## Release

Regarding American Specialties initial release on cassette, vocalist and guitarist Andrew Savage noted, "Cassettes force you to be patient and digest what you're listening to. People that are curious and go out and search for music are listening to cassettes because maybe there's only a hundred of them – and that's all the more incentive because they'd like to hear it before it becomes completely unavailable. I like to reward people's curiosity."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Parquet Courts

## Personnel
### Parquet Courts

* Austin Brown – vocals, guitar
* Andrew Savage – vocals, guitar
* Sean Yeaton – bass guitar
* Max Savage – drums

### Recording personnel

* Parquet Courts – recording
* Jarvis Taveniere – mixing
* Jason Kelly – mixing
* David Willingham – mastering