OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament

The Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament is the presiding officer of the Cook Islands Parliament. The manage the House in accordance with its Standing Orders and according to the traditions of the Westminster system.
The current Speaker is Tai Tura.

## Election

The Speaker is elected by the House at the beginning of a parliamentary term according to the provisions of the Cook Islands Constitution and the Standing Orders. Unlike other Westminster systems the Speaker does not have to be a Member of Parliament, though they must be qualified to be one. By law they may not be a Cabinet Minister.
The Constitution requires that Parliament elect the person nominated by the Prime Minister, however the parliament's Standing Orders include a process for contested elections.
Following their election the Speaker must present themselves to the Queen's Representative to swear an oath of allegiance and lay claim to the privileges of the House.
The Speaker holds office until they cease to be an MP (or, in the case of a Speaker who is not an MP, cease to be qualified to be one), become a Minister, are removed by a vote of the House, or Parliament is dissolved.

## Deputy Speaker

The Speaker is assisted by a Deputy Speaker, elected by Parliament. The current Deputy Speaker is Tingika Elikana.

## Holders of the office

Eight people have held the office of Speaker since the creation of Parliament. A full list of speakers is below.
| | Name | Took office | Left office | Speaker's party | Governing party |
| 1 | Marguerite Story | 1965 | 1979 | Unknown | Cook Islands Party |
| 2 | David Marama Hosking | 1979 | 1988 | Unknown | Mixed |
| 3 | Raututi Taringa | 1989 | 1999 | Unknown | Cook Islands Party |
| 4 | Ngereteina Puna | 1999 | 2001 | Unknown | Democratic Party |
| 5 | Harmon Pou | 24 July 2001 | 24 July 2001 | Unknown | Democratic Party |
| 6 | Sir Pupuke Robati | 24 July 2001 | 15 December 2004 | Democratic Party | Democratic Party |
| 7 | Norman George | 15 December 2004 | 2005 | Unelected | Democratic Party |
| | Norman George, continued | 2005 | 2006 | Unelected | Cook Islands First Party |
| 8 | Mapu Taia | 2006 | 2010 | Democratic Party | Democratic Party |
| 9 | Sir Geoffrey Henry | 18 February 2011 | 9 May 2012 | Cook Islands Party | Cook Islands Party |
| 10 | Niki Rattle | 22 May 2012 | 15 February 2021 | Unelected | Cook Islands Party |
| 11 | Tai Tura | 22 March 2021 | | Cook Islands Party | Cook Islands Party |
# Srutimala Duara

Srutimala Duara (c. 1965 – 27 February 2023) was an Indian academician and bilingual writer from Assam. She wrote novels, short stories, and children's literature in English and Assamese, and poetry in English. She was an associate professor and head of the English department of Handique Girls College, Guwahati. In 2021, she was awarded the Indian Women Achievers Award in Literature by the Asian Literary Society.

## Biography

Duara published novels, collections of short stories, children's literature, and essay collections in English and Assamese. She also wrote six anthologies of poetry in English.
She was an Associate Professor and head of the department of English of Handique Girls College, Guwahati.
Duara was a founder member and has been the secretary and treasurer of Northeast Writers' Forum, an organization with eight chapters in the Northeast of India.
Duara also recited poetry, and her CD of recited Assamese poetry "Ekajoli Kobita" was released in 2015. She has recited and acted in two poetry videos "Smriti" and "Sagar" published on YouTube.
Duara also wrote for The Times of India, The Hindu, and The Assam Tribune.
Duara died from ovarian cancer on 27 February 2023, at the age of 57.

## Awards and honours

Duara was awarded the "Naari Shakti Award" by Lions Club in April 2015. In 2016, she received the "Woman of the Year" award from the International Human Rights Council, Assam Chapter. In 2021, she was awarded the Indian Women Achievers Award in Literature by the Asian Literary Society.
# Randori-no-kata

The Randori-no-kata (乱取りの形, Free practice forms) of Kodokan Judo consist of two kata that illustrate the principles behind techniques used in Randori (乱取り, free-practice), allowing them to be practiced with maximum efficiency. The randori-no-kata includes nage-no-kata (投の形, forms of throwing), which teach and demonstrate concepts of nage-waza (投げ技, throwing techniques) and katame-no-kata (固の形, forms of grappling), which are intended to teach concepts of katame-waza (固技, grappling techniques).
The randori-no-kata were developed by Jigoro Kano as a teaching aid when it became apparent that he had too many students to effectively demonstrate throws and grappling techniques in his classes. The kata were developed in five years that followed the establishment of the Kodokan, between 1882 and 1887. They originally consisted of ten techniques each and were expanded to fifteen techniques around 1906.
# Solid Rock Lutherans

Solid Rock Lutherans was a Minnesota-based group of Lutheran clergy and laity within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who opposed liberalizing that church's position on the ordination of non-celibate gay and lesbian persons on the basis of scriptural authority.
Reverend Roy Harrisville III, a pastor from Minneapolis, served as the group's executive director.

## Beliefs

The group's mission was "To call the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America to remain faithful to the Word of God according to the Lutheran Confessions". Furthermore, they stated that they were "dedicated to upholding the current biblical and confessional standards on sexual conduct and ordination". The group opposed same-sex marriage.
The group did support the ordination of gay and lesbian clergy, as long as they practiced celibacy.

## Activity

The Solid Rock Lutherans were formed in 2003.

### 2005 ELCA Churchwide Assembly

In April 2005, a denominational task force released a set of proposals to be voted on at the 2005 ELCA Churchwide Assembly later that year, all of which the Solid Rock Lutherans opposed. These proposals upheld the prohibition on ordaining sexually active gay and lesbian clergy, but would allow synods to make exceptions in certain cases, such as if the individual was in a long-term committed relationship. Additionally, the proposals upheld the prohibition on blessing same-sex unions but gave clergy "discretion in deciding how to minister to gay couples". Harrisville spoke out against the proposals prior to the conference.
At the assembly, held in August, the Solid Rock Lutherans joined with the Word Alone Network in opposing the proposals, arguing that the changes would prevent the church from imposing either prohibition. Harrisville stated he thought there was no scriptural justification or "spirit in the church" to justify changing the current ELCA standards at the time.
The proposals were ultimately voted down or revised so as to not refer to gay couples at all. Having stated that it achieved its goal in the 2005 ELCA Churchwide Assembly, Solid Rock Lutherans ceased operations in November 2005.

### Activity post 2005

Members of Solid Rock Lutherans created Lutheran CORE ("Lutheran Coalition for Reform") in 2005 and attempted to influence the 2007 and 2009 ELCA Churchwide Assembly. When attempts at reform failed in 2009, Lutheran CORE changed its name in 2010 to "Lutheran Coalition for Renewal," and continues to be a support base for confessional Lutherans in any denomination.
Responding to a call for a formal church body in the confessional Lutheran tradition, Lutheran CORE members also formed the North American Lutheran Church.
# Ivan Sotirov (politician)

Ivan Georgiev Sotirov (Bulgarian: Иван Георгиев Сотиров; 29 July 1963, Sofia, Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian engineer and politician from the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS), deputy chairman of the party. He is a member of the SDS parliamentary group in the XXXVII National Assembly and of the United Democratic Forces (ODS) parliamentary group in the XL National Assembly. He speaks English and Russian.

## Biography

Ivan Sotirov was born on 29 July 1963 in Sofia, Bulgaria. In 1981 he graduated from the Sofia Mathematical High School. In 1987 he graduated from the Technical University of Sofia with a degree in Lifting and Transportation Machines and Systems.
In 1987 he became an engineer in the company "Roads and Facilities" – Sofia. Since 1991 he has been an engineer at the "Autobase" of the Medical Academy – Sofia. In 1997, he became a member of the board of directors of Balkankar Holding EAD, and in 2000 he was elected chairman of the supervisory board of the company.

### Political career

In 1990 he became a member of the SDS. He was elected a member of the XXXVII National Assembly, then became chairman of the municipal organization of the SDS in the central Sofia district of Sredets, where he was also mayor from 2003 to 2005.
In the 2005 parliamentary elections in Bulgaria he was elected as an MP from the ODS list in 25th MMC – Sofia.
# Sonja Steffen

Sonja Amalie Steffen (born 22 October 1963) is a German lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern from 2009 to 2021.

## Early life and education

Born in Dreiborn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Steffen studied law at the University of Cologne.

## Political career

Steffen became member of the Bundestag in the 2009 German federal election.
In parliament, Steffen was a member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Consumer Protection; its Sub-Committee on European Affairs; the Committee on the Verification of Credentials and Immunities; and the Budget Committee. In her capacity as member of the Budget Committee, she served as her parliamentary group's rapporteur on the annual budgets of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (since 2014) and the Federal Ministry of Health (since 2018).
In 2018, Steffen also joined the parliamentary body in charge of appointing judges to the Highest Courts of Justice, namely the Federal Court of Justice (BGH), the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), the Federal Fiscal Court (BFH), the Federal Labour Court (BAG), and the Federal Social Court (BSG).
In February 2020, Steffen announced that she would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.

## Later career

Since 2023, Steffen has been serving as ombudsperson for BDIU, the national association of Germany's credit management, debt collection and debt purchase sector.

## Other activities

* Magnus Hirschfeld Foundation, Alternate Member of the Board of Trustees
* German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ), Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2014)
* Ozeaneum, Member of the Supervisory Board
# Labedera

Labedera is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

## Species

* Labedera alma (Weymer, 1895)
* Labedera angala Schaus, 1924
* Labedera angustipennis Schaus, 1906
* Labedera argentata
* Labedera arpiana Schaus, 1924
* Labedera avita Schaus, 1924
* Labedera bella (Druce, 1887) Panama
* Labedera butleri
* Labedera cain Schaus, 1936
* Labedera cervina
* Labedera cinerascens Walker, 1856
* Labedera everildis
* Labedera fraternans Schaus, 1936
* Labedera fumida Schaus, 1892
* Labedera fuscicaudata Schaus, 1913
* Labedera gracilis Dognin, 1923
* Labedera guthagon Schaus, 1924
* Labedera hirta Stoll, 1782
* Labedera hirtipes Walker, 1855
* Labedera infernalis Schaus, 1890
* Labedera jamaicensis Schaus, 1906
* Labedera levana
* Labedera lusciosa Dognin, 1912
* Labedera manoba
* Labedera maura Draudt, 1927
* Labedera melini Bryk, 1953
* Labedera mexicanus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1856]) Mexico
* Labedera moderata (Walker, 1855) Brazil
* Labedera nigra
* Labedera nigrescens Druce, 1906
* Labedera nigricolor
* Labedera noctilux Walker, 1855
* Labedera opalina Walker, 1865
* Labedera pallida Dognin, 1923
* Labedera plurilinea
* Labedera primitiva Walker, 1855
* Labedera proxima Burmeister, 1878
* Labedera rivulosa Butler, 1878
* Labedera romani
* Labedera sublucana Draudt, 1927
* Labedera synoecura Dyar, 1914
* Labedera taruda
* Labedera trilinea Dognin, 1901
* Labedera vitgreus Dognin, 1901
# Tanystoma maculicolle

Tanystoma maculicolle is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in southern Oregon and much of California, where it has been described as "extremely common". Its common names include tule beetle, overflow bug, and grease bug. It is especially familiar in the agricultural areas of the Central Valley of California, where it sometimes invades homes.
# Mitsubishi MCA

Mitsubishi MCA stands for Mitsubishi Clean Air, a moniker used in Japan to identify vehicles built with emission control technology. The term was first introduced in Japan, with later introductions internationally. The technology first appeared in January 1973 on the Mitsubishi 4G32A gasoline-powered inline four cylinder engine installed in all Mitsubishi vehicles using the 4G32 engine, and the Saturn-6 6G34 six-cylinder gasoline-powered engine installed in the Mitsubishi Debonair. The technology was installed so that their vehicles would be in compliance with Japanese Government emission regulations passed in 1968.
Emission reducing technology began with the installation of a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve (MCA-I), followed by the addition of a thermo reactor air pump and catalytic converter in addition to an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve (MCA-II) and a solenoid controlled automatic choke installed on the carburetor.
The MCA-Jet system has a small third valve separate from the intake and exhaust valves. Separate passages in the intake manifold feed each MCA-Jet valve. Since these passages are smaller than the main intake manifold passages, the air/fuel mixture must move faster. When the faster moving air/fuel mixture from the MCA-Jet valve hits the slower moving air/fuel mixture from the intake valve, a strong air swirling effect occurs that promotes more complete combustion. With MCA-Jet it was found that stable combustion could be obtained even with large amounts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), NOx could be reduced, and combustion improved. Honda's CVCC Stratified charge engine approach also used a small third valve, but sent a richer air/fuel mixture to a small pre-combustion chamber near the spark plug, to help ignite a leaner air/fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber. MCA-Jet was a simpler system that sent the same air/fuel mixture to all intake and MCA-Jet valves. Each MCA-Jet valve is quite small and may be prone to carbon build-up, causing the MCA-Jet valve(s) to stick open. If a Mitsubishi-designed engine has low compression, the MCA-Jet valve(s) could be the cause. Each MCA-Jet valve and valve seat are a self-contained cylinder-shaped unit that screws into the cylinder head for easy replacement. Aftermarket MCA-Jet valves are available. With the advent of 4-valve-per-cylinder engines, manufacturers typically design the camshaft(s) to open one intake valve slightly before the other to create a swirling effect. This has made the MCA-Jet system obsolete. The MCA-Jet system was used in certain Mitsubishi-designed engines installed in both Mitsubishi-branded and Chrysler/Dodge/Plymouth-branded vehicles during the late 1970s to late 1980s.
# Qian Hongzun

Qian Hongzun (錢弘僔) (925 – June 7, 940), formally Heir Apparent Xiaoxian (孝獻世子, "the filial and wise heir apparent"), was an heir apparent to the throne of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wuyue during most of the reign of his father Qian Yuanguan (né Qian Chuanguan, King Wenmu), but did not inherit the throne on account of his predeceasing his father.

## Background

Qian Hongzun was born in 925. He was the fifth son of his father Qian Chuanguan, who then was still serving under his father (Qian Hongzun's grandfather), Wuyue's first king Qian Liu (King Wusu), as the acting military governor (Jiedushi) of Wuyue's two main circuits, Zhenhai (鎮海, headquartered at Wuyue's capital Hang Prefecture (杭州, in modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang)) and Zhendong (鎮東, headquartered in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His mother was Qian Chuanguan's concubine Lady Fu. While he was ranked as Qian Chuanguan's fifth son, traditional histories heavily implied that he was the first-born in terms of Qian Chuanguan's biological sons, as they emphasized that Qian Chuanguan and his wife Lady Ma were sonless and that, therefore, Qian Chuanguan was sonless into his 30s because Qian Liu had forbidden officials from taking concubines, until Lady Ma personally pleaded for an exemption for Qian Chuanguan due to that reason — and listing Qian Hongzun among the biological sons born from Qian Chuanguan's concubines, while omitting his older brothers Qian Hongzhuan (錢弘僎), Qian Hongxuan (錢弘儇), Qian Hongyou (錢弘侑), and Qian Hong'an (錢弘侒), although only Qian Hongyou was explicitly stated to be an adoptive son and explicitly stated to have the birth name of Sun. (After Qian Hongzun's death, his father would (at least in words) consider the possibility of passing the throne to a member of another branch of the Qian clan before affirming the heir status of Qian Hongzun's younger brother Qian Hongzuo, further suggesting that he did not consider his four older sons to truly be members of his clan.)

## During Qian Yuanguan's reign

In 932, Qian Liu died. Qian Chuanguan took control of the state (and changed his name to Qian Yuanguan), but did not claim the title of king at that time, but only the military governor of Zhenhai and Zhendong, as a vassal to Later Tang of the Central Plains. Qian Hongzun received the title of deputy military governor of Zhenhai and Zhendong, and military prefect (團練使, Tuanlianshi) of Guo Prefecture (果州, in modern Nanchong, Sichuan — a completely honorary title as Guo was then under the control of Later Shu). In 937, by which time Later Tang had fallen and Wuyue was a vassal state of Later Jin, Qian Yuanguan assumed the title of king. He created Qian Hongzun as his heir apparent, and had a mansion built for Qian Hongzun. Qian Hongzun, however, would die in 940, before his father, who would eventually pass the throne to Qian Hongzuo.
# Seán Burke (hurler)

Seán Bourke is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with the Laois senior inter-county hurling team. On 14 May 2011, he made his championship debut against Antrim in the 2011 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, starting at centre field in a 1-21 to 3-12 defeat.
# Romeo Santos: King of Bachata

Romeo Santos: King of Bachata is a 2021 documentary film directed by Devin Amar and Charles Todd. It's about the history of bachata and bachata star Romeo Santos's journey to MetLife Stadium. It first premiered on Pay-Per-View on June 25, 2021, along with Utopía Live from MetLife Stadium concert film. On July 30, 2021, both films premiered on HBO Max. This film featured main stream celebrities and legendary bachata artists. It also featured The Kid Mero as the narrator for this documentary as he traveled to the restaurants and bars of the countryside of the Dominican Republic, where the sound originated and retraces its rise to international recognition. It tells the history of the genre and its struggles during its early days. It shows the history of Romeo Santos, including his time with Aventura. It also includes behind the scenes footage of his historic sold out show from 2019 at MetLife Stadium and highlights from the concert itself.

## Promotion

To promote the documentary, HBO built an elaborate pop-up promotion in Washington Heights, NYC in the form of a bodega, called House of Bachata, with free haircuts, Presidente beer, and karaoke parties honoring Santos. It was hosted by HBO Max Pa’lante in partnership with the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute. At its center was a PORTL "hologram" device in which Santos appeared in lifelike, lifesized, volumetric 4K to interact with fans.

## Cast

* Anthony "Romeo" Santos
* Henry Santos Jeter - cousin, Aventura member
* Lenny Santos - friend, Aventura member
* Max Santos - friend, Aventura member
* Joel Armogasto Martinez (The Kid Mero) - narrator
* Joaquín Díaz - music director, composer
* José Manuel Calderón - bachata artist
* Zacarías Ferreira - bachata artist
* Joe Veras - bachata artist
* Monchy - bachata artist
* Alexandra - bachata artist
* Frank Reyes - bachata artist
* El Chaval De La Bachata - bachata artist
* Raulín Rodríguez - bachata artist
* Luis Vargas - bachata artist
* Kiko Rodriguez - bachata artist
* Anthony Santos - bachata artist
* Marc Anthony - artist
* Sergio George - producer, arranger
* Artie Pabon - business partner
* Tommy Mottola - music executive
* Raphy Pina - founder of Pina Records
* Cardi B - artist
* Daddy Yankee - artist
* Thalía - artist
* Ivan "Mate Traxx" Chevere - engineer
* Afo Verde - chairman & ceo of Sony Music Latin Iberia

## Release

Romeo Santos: King Of Bachata first premiered on June 25, 2021, making this one of Romeo Santos' first two Pay-Per-View appearances. It was later released for streaming on July 30, 2021 on HBO Max.
# Frederick Daniel Chattaway

Frederick Daniel Chattaway (9 November 1860 – 27 January 1944) was an English organic chemist. He served as a professor of chemistry at Queen's College, Oxford, where he pioneered research in organic chemistry. He was also interested in nitrogen halides, anilides, and amides.
Chattaway was born at Foleshill, Warwickshire to ribbon and trimmings manufacturer Daniel Clarke and Eliza Anne Adcock. His father's family business in Coventry collapsed after the 1870 treaty with France and Chattaway depended on scholarships for his education. He was privately tutored by Rev. J.S. Withers after which he went to Mason College where he studied chemistry under Sir William Tilden. He then went to the School of Mines in London and considered studying medicine. He shifted to chemistry and went to University College, Aberystwyth studying under Henry Lloyd Snape. Two years later went to Christ Church, Oxford under A. G. Vernon Harcourt. He passed first class in natural sciences in 1891 and then went to Germany to work under Adolf von Baeyer and Eugen Bamberger at Munich. He received a PhD from Munich summa cum laude in 1893. He also received a DSc from London. He returned to work at St Bartholomew's Hospital from 1893, lecturing in chemistry under W. J. Russell after whose retirement he served as head of chemistry. In 1905 he moved to Heidelberg to study under George Bredig and then went to Utrecht working under Ernst Cohen. He was elected to the Royal Society as a fellow in 1907. From 1908 he worked at Queen's College Laboratory under Cecil Cronshaw, succeeding him in 1910. He conducted organic chemistry research and was the only such laboratory at Oxford until 1912. His eyesight began to fail leading to his retirement.
Chattaway married Elizabeth Bettany of Handsworth in 1894 and they had a daughter Mary Margaret (1899–1997) who became a botanist and a son who was killed in 1916 while serving with the Cheshire Regiment at Thiepval. He died at a nursing home in Torquay.