OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tapinocephalia

The Tapinocephalia are one of the major groups of dinocephalian therapsids and the major herbivorous group. Tapinocephalia has been found to consist of three clades: Styracocephalidae, Titanosuchidae, and the very successful Tapinocephalidae. Notable tapinocephalians include Moschops, Tapinocephalus, and Titanosuchus.

## Description

Unlike anteosaurs and estemmenosuchids, tapinocephalians are primarily an African group. The estemmenosuchids and pareiasaurs may have occupied this paleo-bovine niche in the north. Only one tapinocephalian, Ulemosaurus, is known from Russia. Earlier tapinocephalians were carnivorous or omnivorous. One such group was Titanosuchidae, which consisted of long-tailed predators that hunted herbivorous therapsids. Later tapinocephalians were herbivorous.
# Arias Soga

Arias Soga was a medieval Galician clergyman.
# T. J. Racer

T.J. Racer (born Anthony Brehmer) is a bassist born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Racer was the original bass player for glam metal band Nitro, and appeared their first album, O.F.R.. Racer appeared in their first two videos for the songs Freight Train and Long Way From Home. He played bass on Nitro singer Jim Gillette's solo album Proud To Be Loud, along with Nitro guitarist Michael Angelo Batio. It was long-rumored that T.J. Racer appeared on the unreleased third Vinnie Vincent album Guitars From Hell with drummer Andrè LaBelle, but this was dispelled in an interview with Jason Saulnier. Racer and LaBelle appeared together on the 2008 album KISS MY ANKH: A Tribute To Vinnie Vincent, contributing a cover of "Boyz Are Gonna Rock" along with guitarist/vocalist Mike Weeks.
He is currently a bass guitar instructor.

## Discography
### Jim Gillette

* Proud To Be Loud (1987)

### Nitro

* O.F.R. (1989)
* Gunnin' For Glory (1998)

### Vinnie Vincent

* Kiss My Ankh: A Tribute To Vinnie Vincent (2008)
# William Clayton

William Clayton may refer to:

## Politics
### United Kingdom

* William Clayton (Liverpool MP) (died 1715), Member of Parliament for Liverpool, 1698–1708
* Sir William Clayton, 1st Baronet (died 1744), Member of Parliament for Bletchingley, 1715–1744
* William Clayton, 1st Baron Sundon (1671–1752), MP for Woodstock, St Albans, Westminster, Plympton Erle and St Mawes
* William Clayton (died 1783) (c. 1718–1783), MP for Bletchingley, 1745–1761, and Great Marlow, 1761–1783
* Sir William Clayton, 4th Baronet (1762–1834), Member of Parliament for Great Marlow, 1783–1790
* Sir William Clayton, 5th Baronet (1786–1866), Member of Parliament for Great Marlow, 1832–1842

### United States

* William F. Clayton (1923–2017), US politician
* William C. Clayton (1831–1915), American educator, lawyer, politician, and businessperson
* W. H. H. Clayton (1840–1920), American soldier, lawyer, judge in post-Civil War Arkansas and Indian Territory Oklahoma
* William L. Clayton (1880–1966), US assistant secretary of state for economic affairs
* William Clayton (colonist) (1632–1689), acting Governor of the Pennsylvania Colony, 1684–1685
* William Wirt Clayton (1812–1885), judge, director and tax collector in Atlanta, Georgia
* William M. Clayton (1824–?), US politician, mayor of Denver, Colorado, 1868–1869

## Other

* William Clayton (Mormon) (1814–1879), Mormon pioneer
* William Clayton (architect) (1823–1877), prominent New Zealand architect
* William Clayton (publisher), publisher of Astounding Stories
* William Cecil Clayton, a character in Edgar Rice Burroughs's Tarzan novels
* William Clayton (Arrowverse), a character in the TV series Arrow
* William Clinton Clayton Jr. (1929–1998), American courier driver and murder victim
# John Shackelford

John Shackelford may refer to
* John Williams Shackelford (1844–1883), American congressman from North Carolina
* John Shackelford (baseball) (1905–1964), American Negro league baseball player
# Semouhourl

Semouhourl is a village in the Doufelgou Prefecture in the Kara Region of north-eastern Togo.
# Reguenga

Reguenga is a rural parish located 6 km south of the city of Santo Tirso. The population in 2011 was 1,596, in an area of 5.00 km².
# Baytown Tunnel

The Baytown Tunnel or Baytown – La Porte Tunnel was a two-lane underwater motor-vehicle tunnel connecting Baytown and La Porte, two suburbs of Houston, Texas. Completed in 1953, it traveled northeast-southwest underneath the Houston Ship Channel and had a length of 4,110 feet (1,250 m). It was closed to vehicular traffic in 1995 with the opening of the Fred Hartman Bridge, and subsequently demolished beginning in 1997 in order for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to deepen the channel in 1998.
The Fred Hartman Bridge had been designed to replace the Baytown Tunnel (of depth clearance 40 feet (12.2 m)), which had to be removed when the Houston Ship Channel was deepened to 45 feet (13.7 m), with a minimum 530 feet (161.5 m) bottom width, to accommodate larger ships. The last section of the Baytown Tunnel was removed on September 14, 1999, with removal of the tunnel being the responsibility of the Texas Department of Transportation.

## History

Conceived and constructed as a means to improve traffic circulation, the tunnel opened in September 1953 as a replacement facility for the now-defunct Morgans Point Ferry at a final cost of $10 million. The land where the tunnel entered and exited was leased from Exxon by the state for an annual fee of $1.
The tunnel consisted of prefabricated sections that were sunk into place on the floor of the channel. The completed facility had a diameter of 36 feet (11 m) complete with a 1 inch (25 mm) steel shell with 2 feet (0.61 m) of concrete lining. The actual roadbed inside was flat with a ventilation shaft running beneath its surface. The 300 and 250 feet long pipe sections of diameter 34 feet, 10 inches were fabricated by the Orange, Texas plant of Consolidated Western Steel.
It served as a connection between State Highway 146 and State Highway 225 on the south to State Highway 146 and Loop 201 to the north. By the 1970s the tunnel had exceeded its capacity of 25,000 vehicles a day and in 1986 the Texas Department of Highways and Public Transportation awarded a contract for its replacement with an eight-lane cable-stayed bridge. With the closure of the tunnel occurring in 1995, a clause in the original tunnel permit issued by the corps called for the Department of Transportation to remove the facility if it became unused or abandoned.
By 1997 a proposal was made to dismantle the unused facility in 350 feet (110 m) long sections, float them down the channel and sink each section in 100 feet (30 m) of water at the Freeport Liberty Ship Reef in creating an artificial reef for marine wildlife in the Gulf of Mexico. This plan was scrapped due to both high costs in addition to the process resulting in over 50 closures of the channel to complete. The tunnel was removed by 1998 and its former structure was salvaged as paving aggregate.
# GPSBabel

GPSBabel is a cross-platform, free software to transfer routes, tracks, and waypoint data to and from consumer GPS units, and to convert between GPS data formats. It has a command-line interface and a graphical interface for Windows, macOS, and Linux users.
GPSBabel is part of many Linux distributions including Debian and Fedora, and also part of the Fink and Homebrew systems for getting Unix software on macOS.

## Applications

Many contributors to OpenStreetMap use GPSBabel to convert GPS track data from proprietary formats to the GPX format OpenStreetMap requires.
GPSBabel is popular in the Geocaching community because it enables people with incompatible GPS units to share data.
Geographic information system (GIS) applications such as QGIS and Grass use GPSBabel for many import and export operations and processing.
Photographers frequently use GPSBabel for geotagging images, associating location with photographs. This relies on GPS data loggers, either external or internal to the camera.
GPSBabel enables owners of many different brands of GPS units to view their GPS data in several popular consumer map programs, such as Google Earth and Microsoft Streets & Trips.
# Shaibu Atadoga

Ibrahim Shaibu Atadoga (listen) (Born on December 31, 1958) was a Nigerian lawyer who served as the president of Kogi State Customary Court of Appeal.

## Early life and career

Shaibu Atadoga was from Omala, Kogi State, Nigeria. He was called to the Nigerian bar in 1986. He became the president of Kogi State Customary Court of Appeal after Samuel Otta retired. On 8 July 2020, Bayo Olusegun replaced Atadoga as the president of Kogi State Customary Court of Appeal, but in acting capacity.

## Death

Atadoga died on 21 June 2020.
# T. J. Quinn

Thomas Joseph Quinn is an American investigative reporter for ESPN and a fill-in host for Outside the Lines.

## Early life

Quinn was born in New York City; his father Tom Quinn was a champion boxer at Georgetown University and later a character actor. Quinn later moved to Alexandria, Virginia and wrote for the student newspaper while attending Fort Hunt High School, before the school merged with West Potomac High School.

## Career

Quinn graduated from the University of Missouri School of Journalism with a Bachelor of Journalism degree in 1991. He began his journalism career as a news reporter for the Daily Southtown in Chicago. From 1992 to 1994, Quinn covered school boards and city councils in south suburbs of Chicago for Southtown. Then, Quinn moved to the Salt Lake Tribune in Salt Lake City and spent a year there reporting on local politics before returning to the Southtown in 1996 to cover the Chicago White Sox.
In 1998 and 1999, Quinn covered the New York Mets for the Bergen Record in New Jersey. Quinn achieved his dream of working for the New York Daily News in 2000, again covering the Mets. In 2002, he joined the Daily News' sports investigative team. Quinn joined ESPN in November 2007 as an investigative reporter for ESPN's Enterprise Unit. Quinn contributes to several ESPN programs including SportsCenter and Outside the Lines.
He was also an adjunct professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
# William Glen (poet)

William Glen (14 November 1789 – December 1826), Scottish poet, born in Glasgow, was for some years in the West Indies. He died in poverty. He wrote several poems, but the only one which has survived is his Jacobite ballad, Wae's me for Prince Charlie.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via Wikisource.
# St Kentigern's Church

St Kentigern's Church may refer to:

## Churches in Scotland

* St Kentigern's Church, Lanark (Hyndford Road), ruined church in Lanark
* St Kentigern's Church, Lanark (Hope Street), newer church in Lanark, distinct from St Kentigern's Church, Lanark (Hyndford Road)
* St Kentigern's Church, Ballater, Aberdeenshire
* St Kentigern's Church, Edinburgh (Union Canal)

## Churches in England

* St Kentigern's Church, Caldbeck, Cumbria
* St. Kentigern's Church, Aspatria, Cumbria
* St Kentigern's Church, Crosthwaite, Keswick, Cumbria
* St Kentigern's Church, Mungrisdale, Mungrisdale, Cumbria
* St Kentigern's Church, Castle Sowerby, Castle Sowerby, Cumbria
* Church of Most Holy Redeemer and St Kentigern, Melling, Merseyside
# Semotilus

Semotilus is the genus of creek chubs, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the common creek chub, S. atromaculatus. The creek chub species of minnows can grow from 6 to 10 inches (15 to 25 cm). They can be found in the United States and Canada in any small stream or creek. They hide under small rocks for protection. They have a small black spot on the dorsal fin for easy identification.

## Species

* Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill, 1818) (common creek chub)
* Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill, 1817) (fallfish)
* Semotilus lumbee Snelson & Suttkus, 1978 (Sandhills chub)
* Semotilus thoreauianus D. S. Jordan, 1877 (Dixie chub)

## Fishing

Members of genus Semotilus readily take all sorts of natural and artificial bait. They can grow quite large, Fallfish and Creek Chub especially, putting up a good fight on ultralight tackle.
# Rule of 1756

The Rule of 1756 or Rule of the War of 1756 was a policy of the Kingdom of Great Britain, and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was promulgated during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). It ruled that Britain would not trade with neutral nations who were also trading with the enemy.
The rule was devised and approved by the British Admiralty courts, which maintained that if a neutral nation were prohibited from a particular type of trade during peacetime, then it would also be prohibited from the same variety during wartime. The rationale behind this rule was that the neutral nation was aiding the enemy. The rule has never been ratified by international law.
The rule was one of the causes of the War of 1812.

## Contents

During the Seven Years' War, France and Britain initially fought over disputed North American colonies. The war became both a naval and economic battle, spreading throughout French and British colonies around the world. The Rule of 1756 was created to hinder all French trade to its West Indies colonies. In 1757 the London Chronicle estimated that French West Indies trade had fallen by 70% since the opening of hostilities. This 70% drop in trade was triggered by British privateering of French ships. France was not able to supply its West Indies colonies due to Britain's naval superiority and lock on trade routes. The French government in Versailles proposed that French goods be carried on neutral ships from the United Provinces or Spain. French goods would be able to reach their intended destinations and the neutral nation would benefit from participating in the exclusive market. France was forced to remove the trade monopoly it had with its colonies and allowed other nations to supply them with goods. In 1758 the Rule of 1756 was amended to eliminate the loophole France had discovered. The Rule of 1756 was adjusted to its modern form permitting the privateering of all ships carrying French goods. British privateers received permission to act even more aggressively at sea and were granted permission to conduct searches of neutral vessels.

## Effect on War of 1812

In the years leading up to the War of 1812, France and Britain were at war. Tensions between these two European countries had arisen following the French Revolution. In 1805 the antiquated Rule of 1756 would be reinstated by Britain. American shippers had been taking advantage of the hostilities in Europe. American ports were used as a stopping point while shipping goods to French and Spanish islands in the West Indies. By stopping at an American port, the Americans could evade seizure under the Rule of 1756. Britain noticed this loophole and amended the Rule of 1756 with the Essex Case. In doing so, British seizure of American ships greatly increased. This heightened seizure put a real strain on Anglo-American relations and was a significant factor contributing to the War of 1812. France countered the Essex Case by creating its own version of the law, called the Berlin Decree. The Berlin Decree and Essex Case resulted in the seizure of nearly 1,500 American ships.
# Jane Farver

Jane Farver (1947–2015) was a curator and director in the field of international contemporary art. Farver was a director at the Lehman College Art Gallery, the Tomoko Liguori Gallery, the chief curator of the Queens Museum of Art from 1992–1999, and the head of the MIT List Visual Arts Center from 1999 to 2011. She also was a curator at The Alternative Museum of New York and a director of Spaces in Cleveland, Ohio. She was also a guest co-curator of the 2000 Whitney Biennial and an Artistic Director of the 2011 Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Incheon, South Korea. She died of a heart attack in 2015. Her partner John L. Moore is also a noted painter and curator.
One of Farver's more well regarded works was the 1999 Queens Museum show Global Conceptualism: Points of Origin 1950s-1980s, which covered conceptualist art.

## Publications

* Global Conceptualism: Points of Origin, 1950s-1980s
* Out of India: Contemporary Art of the South Asian Diaspora, December 8, 1997 – March 22, 1998
* Pavel Braila (as an editor)
# Battles of Sirhind

The following battles were fought in Sirhind.
* Battle of Sirhind (1555)
* Battle of Chappar Chiri, 1710
* Siege of Sirhind, 1710
* Siege of Sirhind 1758
* Battle of Harnaulgarh, 1762
* Battle of Sirhind (1764)
# GPSM1

G-protein-signaling modulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPSM1 gene.
G proteins propagate intracellular signals initiated by G protein-coupled receptors. GPSM1, a receptor-independent activator of G protein signaling, is one of several factors that influence the basal activity of G protein signaling systems (Pizzinat et al., 2001).[supplied by OMIM]
# William Colquhoun

William Colquhoun (December 23, 1814 – September 2, 1898) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Stormont in the 1st Parliament of Ontario.
He was born in Charlottenburgh, Upper Canada in 1814. He settled at Dickinson's Landing where he was postmaster from 1841 to 1863 and operated a general store. He was the first treasurer for Osnabruck Township and later served as reeve for the township. In 1855, he was elected warden of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. He was re-elected in Stormont in 1871, but his election was overturned on appeal and he lost (but was victorious) the subsequent by-election in 1872.
He moved to Cornwall, Ontario in 1876, where he was mayor from 1881 to 1883 and also served as justice of the peace.

## Electoral history

vte1867 Ontario general election: Stormont :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | William Colquhoun | 793 | 55.65 |
| | Liberal | A.J. Cockburn | 632 | 44.35 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,425 | 81.15 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 1,756 |
| | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. | Conservative pickup new district. |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vte1871 Ontario general election: Stormont :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Conservative | William Colquhoun | 705 | 50.18 |
| | Liberal | James Bethune | 700 | 49.82 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,405 | 74.34 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 1,890 |
| Election voided |||||||||
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
vteOntario provincial by-election, March 21, 1872: Stormont Previous election voided :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | James Bethune | 790 | 51.10 | +6.75 |
| | Conservative | William Colquhoun | 756 | 48.90 | −6.75 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,546 | 100.0 | +8.49 |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | Swing | +6.75 |
| Source: History of the Electoral Districts, Legislatures and Ministries of the Province of Ontario$^{:357}$ |||||||
vte1875 Ontario general election: Stormont :
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | Liberal | James Bethune | 948 | 53.77 | +3.95 |
| | Conservative | William Colquhoun | 815 | 46.23 | −3.95 |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 1,763 | 77.19 | +2.85 |
| Eligible voters | Eligible voters | Eligible voters | 2,284 |
| | Liberal gain from Conservative | Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | Swing | +3.95 |
| Source: Elections Ontario |||||||
# Joline

Joline is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Joline Beam, American politician
* Joline Blais (born 1960), American writer, educator, and designer
* Joline Godfrey (born 1950), American businesswoman
* Joline Henry (born 1982), American netball player
* Joline Höstman (born 1988), Swedish swimmer
# Jaloux

Jaloux means jealous in French. It is also a surname. It may refer to:

## People

* Edmond Jaloux (1878-1949), French novelist, essayist, and critic

## Film and television

* Jaloux, French title for the 2010 Canadian film Suspicious directed by Patrick Demers
* L'amant jaloux, full title L'amant jaloux, ou Les fausses apparences, a French comédie mêlée d'ariettes in three acts by André Grétry

## Music

* "Jaloux" (Bilal Hassani song), song from his 2019 album Kingdom
* "Jaloux" (Dadju song)
* "Jaloux" (Skinz song), 2017 song by Skinz from the album Ingen Drama
# Rule of 11

In contract bridge, the Rule of 11 is applied when the opening lead is the fourth best from the defender's suit. By subtracting the rank of the card led from 11, the partner of the opening leader can determine how many cards higher than the card led are held by declarer, dummy and himself; by deduction of those in dummy and in his own hand, he can determine the number in declarer's hand.

## Logic

The rule works because the opening leader is known to have exactly three cards higher than that led and the number of cards lower in rank to that card is also known. The following reasoning applies when the lead is known to be or is suspected to be the lead of opener's fourth best card in the suit:
* the total number of cards greater than the card led is self-evident based upon the rank of the card led. If a 2-spot card is led, there are 12 higher cards because there are only 13 cards in a suit and the 2 is the lowest; if a 3-spot is led, there are 11; if a 4, there are 10 and so on. In general, the total number of cards higher in rank than the card led is (14-x) where x represents the spot rank of the card led.
* from the total number higher than the card led (14-x), we deduct the number held by leader (3). This is expressed as (14-x) - (3) or (11-x), stated as 11 minus the spot card led.
Thus, 11-x represents the number of cards higher than the card led held collectively by dummy, declarer and partner of the opening leader. When dummy is tabled after the opening lead is made, partner of the opening leader can count the number of cards higher than the card led that are in dummy and in his own hand and, by deduction of this total from 11-x, can determine the number of higher cards declarer holds.

## Example

When West leads the ♠7 in the hand below, East applies the Rule of 11. This shows that there are four cards higher than the ♠7 that dummy, declarer and East hold. Since East can see the ♠Q and ♠8 in dummy and the ♠A and ♠10 in his own hand, declarer can have no cards higher than the ♠7. Knowing this, if the dummy covers with the ♠8, East knows he can win the trick cheaply with the ♠10.
| | ♠Q82 | |
| ♠KJ973 | W N↑ S↓ E | ♠A105 |
| | ♠64 | |
However, the declarer can apply the Rule of 11, too. When West leads the ♠7 in the deal below, South can see the four higher cards in his hand and on the board. Accordingly, he knows that the play of the ♠8 from the board will win the trick cheaply.
| | ♠Q82 | |
| ♠KJ973 | W N↑ S↓ E | ♠64 |
| | ♠A105 | |
Since the Rule of 11 may help declarer as well as the defenders, some prefer leads other than the fourth-best. For example, Journalist Leads generally call for the lead of the third or fifth best.
# Stajkovce (Surdulica)

Stajkovce is a village in the municipality of Surdulica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 140 people.