OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. James's Gate

St. James's Gate, located off the south quays of Dublin, on James's Street, was the western entrance to the city during the Middle Ages. During this time the gate was the traditional starting point for the Camino pilgrimage from Dublin to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain). Though the original medieval gate was demolished in 1734, the gate gave its name to the area in which it was located, and in particular to the St. James's Gate Brewery (which was taken over by Arthur Guinness in 1759).

## Medieval city gate

As a walled city, the main entrances to Dublin were protected by city gates. St. James's Gate was the city's western entrance, and was named for the 12th century church and parish of St. James. Also named for St. James, a holy well in the area was the location of a longstanding summer festival.
Standing for up to 5 centuries, the gate was a toll point for goods entering the city. It is referenced in 13th-century texts, is marked on John Speed's 17th-century map of Dublin, and on Charles Brooking's early 18th-century map of the city. Dilapidated by time, the medieval gate was demolished by the mid 18th century.

## Brewing in the area

The St James's area has been associated with the brewing trade since the 17th century. A number of breweries had been established in Dublin up to the mid-17th century – one such brewery established by Alderman Giles Mee at St. James's gate around 1670. Giles Mee was given a lease to the water rights at St James's Gate (called "The Pipes") by Dublin Corporation. These rights passed to his son-in-law, Sir Mark Rainsford, a city alderman who was Mayor of Dublin between 1700 and 1701. Rainsford leveraged these water rights and, according to deeds from 1693, was producing "beer and fine ales" from St. James's Gate. There were also other brewers in and around St. James's Gate (owing to the water supply available in the area), and Rainsford's enterprise was not significantly different from the others. (Beer and ale were commodity products at the time as they were more commonly consumed than water – which contained contaminants that were removed in brewing.)
Sir Mark Rainsford died in 1709, and the lease passed to his son – also Mark Rainsford Esq. In 1715, the Rainsfords put the premises up for lease and it was taken by Captain Paul Espinasse. Espinasse reputedly had a role in the demolition of the original medieval gate - to ease access to the site and the city. Espinasse died in a fall from his horse near the Black Bull Inn at Drogheda in 1750.
For ten years the brewery site was on the market, and by 1759 the lease was in the hands of a third Mark Rainsford, the grandson of Sir Mark Rainsford. Arthur Guinness was interested in the premises, and on 31 December 1759, the lease was signed over to Guinness for 9,000 years at £45 per year. The site has been the location of the Guinness brewery ever since. Guinness has expanded well beyond the original 4-acre lot, and has consequently bought out the property, rendering the 9,000-year lease from 1759 redundant.
# Glossispira

Glossispira is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Species

Species within the genus Glossispira include:
* Glossispira harfordiana (Reeve, L.A., 1843): accepted as Crassispira harfordiana (Reeve, L.A., 1843)
# Robleda-Cervantes

Robleda-Cervantes is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 476 inhabitants.
On 27 June 1916 the municipality changed its name from Robleda to Robleda-Cervantes.
# Jenny Nordberg

Jenny Nordberg is a New York-based, Swedish journalist best known for her book The Underground Girls of Kabul: In Search of a Hidden Resistance in Afghanistan (ISBN 978-0307952493) published by Crown Publishing Group (New York, NY) in 2014.

## Life

She has B.A. from Stockholm University in Law and Journalism and an M.A. from Columbia University in Journalism in 2003. She is a foreign correspondent for Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet.
She is also a writer and producer of documentary films on topics such as nuclear proliferation in Pakistan, refugees in Iraq, and how the global financial crisis has affected Europe.

## Awards

* Winner of the 2015 J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* Salon 2014 Authors' Favorite Book (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* Buzzfeed's Best Nonfiction Books of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* A Business Insider Best Book of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* A Columbus Dispatch Best Book of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* A Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* A PopMatters Best Book of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* An FP Interrupted Best Book of 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* An IPI Global Observatory Recommended Book for 2015 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* A TruthDig Book of the Year, 2014 (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* Finalist for the Goodreads Choice Award, Nonfiction (for The Underground Girls of Kabul)
* Robert F. Kennedy Award for Excellence in Journalism, Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, 2010, for television documentary of Afghan women
* Investigative Reporters and Editors award
* Foreningen Gravande Journalister award
# Swelling index

Swelling index may refer to the following material parameters that quantify volume change:
* Crucible swelling index, also known as free swelling index, in coal assay
* Swelling capacity, the amount of a liquid that can be absorbed by a polymer
* Shrink–swell capacity in soil mechanics
* Unload-reload constant (κ) in critical state soil mechanics
# The Only Way Out (Bush song)

"The Only Way Out" is a 2014 song by British rock band Bush, released on 9 September 2014, through Zuma Rock Records. Produced by Jay Baumgardner and recorded at NRG Recording Studios in North Hollywood, California, it was the lead single from their sixth album Man on the Run. According to songwriter Gavin Rossdale, the song is "a good gateway into the record ... it gets a bit wider and probably a little darker. This is just the right way in."

## Release

"The Only Way Out" was released on 9 September 2014, through Zuma Rock Records.
On 1 October 2014, the music video for "The Only Way Out" premiered on Vevo.

## Artwork

Tobias Hutzler is credited with the artwork for "The Only Way Out".

## Chart performance

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| Canada Rock (Billboard) | 11 |
| US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard) | 38 |
| US Rock Airplay (Billboard) | 13 |
# Halifax County Courthouse

Halifax County Courthouse may refer to:
* Halifax County Courthouse (North Carolina), Halifax, North Carolina
* Halifax County Courthouse (Virginia), Halifax, Virginia
# Marsipiophora christophi

Marsipiophora christophi is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Nikolay Grigoryevich Erschoff in 1864. It is found in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Iran.
The wingspan is 48–56 mm.
# Blue II

Blue II or Blue 2 may refer to:
* Beneteau Blue II, a French catamaran design
* Blue II, a solar car made by Blue Sky Solar Racing in 1999
* Blue II, a 1961 oil painting by Joan Miró as part of Triptych Bleu I, II, III
* Blue II, a brand of disposable razors from Gillette
* Butler Blue II, a dog, mascot of Butler University 2004–2013
* Brilliant blue FCF, a food colorant also known as CI Food Blue 2
* Indigo carmine, a food colorant also known as FD&C Blue 2
# Sound of the Sitar

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
Sound of the Sitar is an LP by Hindustani classical musician Ravi Shankar. It was released in 1965 on vinyl. It was later released on CD by BGO Records in 1993 and in a digitally remastered version through Angel Records in 2000.

## Track listing

* "Raga Malkauns (Alap)" – 10:02
* "Raga Malkauns (Jor)" – 10:46
* "Tala Sawari" – 7:29
* "Pahari Dhun (Instrumental)" – 12:30
# Roble

Roble may refer to:
* Roble Hall, residence hall at Stanford University
* Jawahir Roble, Somali-born British football referee
* Roble Afdeb, a famous Somali legendary poet and warrior.

## Plants

Roble is a Spanish common name for oaks. Species known as roble in English include:
* Quercus lobata, tree native to California
* Lophozonia obliqua, tree native to South America and cultivated in the British Isles
# Jegrička Nature Park

The Jegrička Nature Park (Serbian: Парк природе Јегричка / Park prirode Jegrička) is a nature park in the north of Serbia along the Jegrička river the Bačka region of the Vojvodina province. The river is often lyrically referred to as "the umbilical cord of the Bačka wetlands" and is therefore declared a nature park. It covers the area along the river's banks and runs through four municipalities: Bačka Palanka, Vrbas, Temerin and Žabalj.
In the late 2000s the sections of the river which flow through the settlements, like Ravno Selo and Zmajevo, were dredged and cleaned from silt, while the banks were adapted into the esplanades with the benches, gazebos and tables. But by 2011 the river was clogged with the garbage again. The water in the park is threatened by the domestic waste, sewage water, cutting and burning of the reed, drainage of the pesticides from the surrounding fields and poaching.

## Flora

The nature park is renowned for having large carpets of white water lilies. Other species include marsh fern and greater bladderwort.

## Fauna

The river is rich in different fish species, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. It host different species of water fowl and is home to the endangered Ferruginous duck. The river is rich in common carp, northern pike, wels catfish and zander and a section of the river is transformed into the Jegrička fish pond. The section of the park is declared an important bird area.
# Scythris silfverbergi

Scythris silfverbergi is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 2014. It is found in Kenya.
# Bishop to HM Prisons

The Bishop to His Majesty's Prisons is an episcopal post in the Church of England relating to the church's chaplaincy to His Majesty's Prison Service. The bishop holds this role alongside their diocesan or suffragan see and works to support the Chaplain-General of Prisons.

## List of bishops

Bishops to HM Prisons :
| From | Until | Incumbent | Notes |
| 1975 | 1985 | John Cavell | Also Bishop of Southampton. |
| 1985 | 1985 | Br Michael (Fisher) | Also Bishop of St Germans. |
| 1985 | 2001 | Robert Hardy | Also Bishop of Maidstone until 1987, thereafter of Lincoln |
| 2001 | 2007 | Peter Selby | Also Bishop of Worcester. |
| 2007 | 2013 | James Jones | Also Bishop of Liverpool. |
| 2013 | 2020 | James Langstaff | Also Bishop of Rochester |
| 2020 | present | Rachel Treweek | Also Bishop of Gloucester |
# Slieve Lamagan

Slieve Lamagan or Slievelamagan (from Irish Sliabh Lámhagáin, meaning 'mountain of crawling/creeping') is one of the Mourne Mountains in County Down, Northern Ireland. It has a height of 702.2 metres (2,304 ft). Slieve Lamagan stands in the middle of the high Eastern Mournes, overlooking Ben Crom Reservoir to the west, Annalong River valley to the east, and Cove Mountain to the northeast. At its southern foot is a small lake called Blue Lough, and a rock formation known as 'Percy Bysshe' .
It is said that the mountain was named Sliabh Lámhagáin, "mountain of crawling/creeping", because its steepness meant it had to be climbed in a crawling position. An older name was Slieve Snavan, from Sliabh Snámháin, which has the same meaning.
# Harran University (Middle Ages)

The Harran University, also known as the Madrasa of Harran, was a medieval Islamic institution of higher learning in Harran (in modern-day southeastern Turkey), active from the 8th to at least the 12th century and later briefly again in the 16th century. The university was the first Islamic institution of its kind, had a liberal intellectual environment and made Harran renowned as a center of science and learning. Translation activity at the university, particularly the translations of documents from Syriac and Greek into Arabic, was historically important in regard to the transmission and preservation of classical Greek and Syriac learning.

## History

The Harran University was founded by the Umayyad caliph Umar II in 717, who brought many scholars from other cities throughout the lands under his control and installed them in Harran. The university was the first Islamic institution of its kind and has sometimes been regarded as perhaps being the world's oldest university. The university had a liberal intellectual environment and studies were made of religious and intellectual traditions that would have been rejected as heretical in many other places in the world. As a result of the university, Harran reached international renown and flourished as a center of science and learning.
The university enjoyed its golden age in the late 8th century and 9th centuries, particularly under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). At its height, more than 8,000 students gathered at the Harran University, educated in mathematics, philosophy, medicine, astrology, astronomy and natural sciences. Many prominent scholars of their age, including Al-Battani, Jabir ibn Hayyan and Thābit ibn Qurra, studied at the Harran University. The university was also an important site for translations of documents from Syriac and Greek into Arabic and thus also an important institution in the history of transmission and preservation of classical Greek and Syriac learning. At some point, Neoplatonism was introduced to the university, though the precise timing is not clear. It might have been brought to Harran by Thābit ibn Qurra in the late 9th century, who could have learnt Neoplatonism in Baghdad. Alternatively, Neoplatonism might have been brought to Harran as early as the 6th century by Neoplatonists such as Simplicius of Cilicia, who fled persecution in the Byzantine Empire.
Though having declined since the 9th century, the university remained active until at least the 12th century, when Harran was under the rule of the Zengid dynasty. It ceased operations at the latest in 1271, when Harran was severely damaged and abandoned. After the Ottoman Empire captured the region containing Harran, Sultan Selim I (r. 1512–1520) repaired the university and made an attempt to revive it, though it declined in importance again after his reign.
# Southend High School

Southend High School may refer to:
* Southend High School for Boys
* Southend High School for Girls
# Gertrud Jaklin

Gertrud Hildegard Jaklin (April 6, 1916 in Vienna - December 9, 1998) was an Austrian lawyer and judge. Jaklin together with Johanna Kundmann in 1947 was one of the first two women who were appointed judge in Austria. After the end of National Socialism in Austria, Jaklin was appointed in February 1947 assistant judge in the Higher Regional Court of Vienna in the first class of judges. Subsequently, Gertrud Jaklin worked as a judge at the Regional Court for Civil Law Matters, at the Juvenile Court and at the District Court of Innere Stadt.
# German submarine U-279

German submarine U-279 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The submarine was laid down on 31 March 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 44. She was launched on 16 December 1942 and commissioned on 3 February 1943 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Otto Franke.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-279 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-279 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

U-279 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training from February to July 1943 and operationally with the 9th flotilla from 1 August 1943. She carried out one patrol, but sank no ships. She was a member of one wolfpack.

### Patrol and loss

The boat departed Kiel on 4 September 1943. She entered the Atlantic Ocean after negotiating the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She was sunk exactly a month after her departure (4 October), by depth charges dropped from a US Ventura aircraft southwest of Iceland. There were men in boats and in the water, but the Ventura could not call for assistance. Its radio had been put out of commission during the attack.
Forty-eight men died; there were no survivors.

### Wolfpacks

U-279 took part in one wolfpack, namely:
* Rossbach (24 September – 4 October 1943)

## Previously recorded fate

The submarine was initially categorized as having been sunk by a British Liberator southwest of Iceland on 4 October 1943.
# Robert Gooding-Williams

Robert Gooding-Williams (born 1953) is M. Moran Weston/Black Alumni Council Professor of African-American Studies and Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University. He is the founding director of Columbia's Center for Race, Philosophy, and Social Justice. He specializes in philosophy of race and Continental philosophy, especially Nietzsche.

## Education and career

Gooding-Williams earned a B.A. (1975) and Ph.D. (1982) in philosophy from Yale University. He taught first at Amherst College, where he became professor of black studies and George Lyman Crosby 1896 professor of philosophy. He became professor of philosophy at Northwestern University, where he taught for seven years and directed Northwestern's Alice Berline Kaplan Center for the Humanities. He joined the department of political science at the University of Chicago in 2006 and was named Ralph and Mary Otis Isham Professor in 2007. He joined the Columbia faculty in 2014.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2018.

## Books

* Zarathustra's Dionysian Modernism (Stanford University Press, 2001)
* Look, A Negro! Philosophical Essays on Race, Culture, and Politics (Routledge, 2005)
* In The Shadow of Du Bois: Afro-Modern Political Thought in America (Harvard University Press, 2009)
# Kassina arboricola

Kassina arboricola, sometimes known as the Ivory Coast running frog, is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is found in southwestern Ghana and westward to south-central Ivory Coast. It occurs in secondary forests and forest edges, and to very limited extent, degraded former forest (farm bush). Breeding takes place in both temporary and permanent bodies of water, although it favours large, well-vegetated pools. It is probably negatively impacted by severe deforestation caused by agricultural expansion, logging, and growing human settlements.
# Kakanmath

Kakanmaṭh is a ruined 11th century Shiva temple located at Sihoniya in Madhya Pradesh, India. It was built by the Kachchhapaghata ruler Kirttiraja. Only a part of the original temple complex now survives. Some of the sculptures from the site are now located at Gwalior.

## History

The Kakanmath temple was commissioned by Kachchhapaghata ruler Kirttiraja (r. c. 1015-1035 CE). This can be inferred from a Kachchhapaghata inscription found at the Sas-Bahu Temple in Gwalior. The inscription states that Kirttiraja built an extraordinary temple devoted to Parvati's lord (Shiva) at Siṁhapānīya (modern Sihoniya).
According to a folk legend, the temple was named "Kakanmadh" after Kakanavati or Kakanade, who was the queen of one Surajpala. The historicity of this legend is doubtful. One possibility is that the name of the temple derives from the kanak (gold) and maṭha (shrine).
Originally, the site had a temple complex, with a central temple surrounded by four subsidiary shrines. Only the ruins of the central temple stand now: its outer walls, balconies and a part of its spire have fallen. This damage probably happened during an earthquake. A Sanskrit-language pillar inscription dated 1[4]50 VS (1393-94 CE) records the renovation of the Mahadeva temple (that is, Kakanmath) by one Durgaprasada. A 1497 VS (1440-41 CE) pillar inscription records the visit of a pilgrim named Dekhana during the reign of Dungara (a Tomara ruler of Gwalior). It states that Dekhana was the son of Kakaka, and a resident of Nalapuragaḍha.
Now, the temple has been classified as a Monument of National Importance by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

## Architecture

The temple stands on an ornate base (pitha). The building includes a sanctum, a vestibule, and two halls (gudha-mandapa and mukha-mandapa). The sanctum has a circumambulatory path with three transepts. The gudha-mandapa has lateral transepts, and four clusters of pillars; each cluster contains four pillars. The vestibule has four pillars in a row, which are aligned with the four clusters of the gudha-mandapa. The shikhara (tower) of the shrine makes it around 30 m high.
The steps at the entrance had two large lion statues, which are now located at the entrance of the Archaeological Museum, Gwalior. Many other sculptures have also been taken to Gwalior.
# Slieve Meelbeg

Slieve Meelbeg is a mountain located in the Mourne Mountains. It is a popular hiking destination and is 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of the village of Hilltown.
# Harranahynchus

Harranahynchus is an extinct genus of schizorhizid sawskate that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It contains one valid species, Harranahynchus minutadens. It is known from relatively complete cranial and body fossils found in the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation of Jordan, dating back to the late Maastrichtian. Its rostral denticles are extremely small and are arranged in batteries like its close relative Schizorhiza. It has an estimated length of around 2 m (6.6 ft).
# Fred Holliday

Fred or Frederick Holliday may refer to:
* Frederick W. M. Holliday (1828–1899), governor of Virginia
* Fred Holliday (academic) (1935–2016), marine biologist, academic, and businessman
* Fred Parkinson Holliday (1888–1980), Australian flying ace
* Fred Grossinger (1936–1995), American actor known as Fred Holliday
* Frederick D. Holliday (1927–1985), American educator and Public School Superintendent
# Bao'en Si

Bao'en Si (simplified Chinese: 报恩寺; traditional Chinese: 報恩寺; pinyin: Bào ēn Sì; lit. 'The Temple of Thanksgiving') or Bao'en Temple is the name of several notable temples:
* Bao'en Temple (Pingwu), in Pingwu, Sichuan.
* Bao'en Temple (Suzhou), in Suzhou, Jiangsu, which includes the Beisi Pagoda.
* The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing, which forms a part of the former Bao'en Temple of Nanjing
* Poh Ern Shih Temple in Singapore