OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Montefiascone

Montefiascone is a town and comune of the province of Viterbo, in Lazio, central Italy. It stands on a hill on the southeast side of Lake Bolsena, about 100 km (60 mi) north of Rome.

## History

The name of the city derives from that of the Falisci (Mons Faliscorum, "Mountain of the Falisci"). Later, it was controlled by the Etruscans. It was suggested that Montefiascone occupies the site of the Etruscan Temple called Fanum Voltumnae, at which the representatives of the twelve chief cities of Etruria met in the days of their independence. Under the Empire, the festival was held near Volsinii.
The first documents mentioning Montefiascone are from 853 CE, when it belonged to the bishop of Tuscania. In 1058 and 1074 the Popes Stephen IX and Gregory VII, respectively, stopped here. In 1093 the fortress was besieged by Emperor Henry IV. The importance of the fortress was confirmed by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa's visit in 1185.
In the following two centuries, as a Papal possession, Montefiascone lived its period of highest splendour. The Castle was often residence of Popes, and was consequently enlarged and embellished. During Avignon Papacy, it was the main residence of the Papal legate Cardinal Albornoz. In 1463, however, it was already decaying, as in the words of by Pope Pius II. The decline increased after the plague of 1657 and the earthquake of 1697.
It became part of the new Kingdom of Italy in 1870. It was damaged by two Allied bombings in May 1944.

## Main sights

* Montefiascone Cathedral is one of the earliest structures by Michele Sanmicheli. Dedicated to Saint Margaret (Santa Margherita), the cathedral was a ruin in 1330 and took three centuries to rebuild. Subsequently, in 1670, it suffered a serious fire, with repairs taking a further decade. The interior was elaborately restored in 1893.
* Santa Maria delle Grazie: church also by Sanmicheli.
* San Flaviano: church built in 1032, repaired and enlarged in the Gothic style late in the 14th century, a curious double church of importance in the history of architecture; in its interior some 14th-century frescoes were discovered in 1896. In the crypt is the grave of a traveler who succumbed to excessive drinking of the local wine known as Est! Est!! Est!!!. The story is that his valet, who preceded him, wrote "est" on the doors of all the inns where good wine was to be had, and that here the inscription was thrice repeated.
* Santa Maria di Montedoro: church
* Sant'Andrea
* Rocca dei Papi, formed by the remains of the old Papal summer residence. At the top of the hill it provides a view of Lago Bolsena.
* Falesco winery is located there.
# Monnikenburenmolen, Nijhuizum

The Monnikenburenmolen or Nijhuizumermolen is a drainage mill in Nijhuizum, Friesland, Netherlands. It was restored in 2008 after it was only just saved from demolishment in 1994. It is a hollow post windmill of a type called "spinnenkop" by the Dutch. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 527646. It can help drain the polder and has been designated as a backup to the pumping station by the waterboard Wetterskip Fryslân.

## History

A mill was situated in this location in 1832. Originally it was equipped with a scoop wheel outside the mill. Later this was replaced by an Archimedes' screw. Before 1940 the mill body was removed and the screw was powered by a diesel engine placed in the substructure, which was replaced by an electric motor some time before 1970. In 1994 the remnants of the mill would have been demolished if mill enthusiasts had not prevented it. Molenstichting Nijefurd became owner of the mill in 2003. It was restored to working order in 2008.

## Description

The Monnikenburenmolen or Nijhuizumermolen is what the Dutch describe as a "spinnenkop" (English: spiderhead mill). It is a small hollow post mill winded by a winch. The four common sails have a span of 13.60 metres (44 ft 7 in) and are carried on a wooden windshaft. The brake wheel on the windshaft drives the wallower at the top of the upright shaft in the weatherboarded body, which passed through the main post into the octagonal, thatched substructure. At the bottom of the upright shaft, the crown wheel drives the Archimedes' screw. The screw is 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter.

## Public access

The mill is open to the public by appointment on Saturday afternoons. It is easily accessible by a footpath leading to the mill from the public road.
# Monnina chimborazeana

Monnina chimborazeana is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# Westergasfabriek

The Westergasfabriek is a former gasworks in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, now used as a cultural venue.

## History

In the 19th century the Imperial Continental Gas Association (ICGA) built four coal gas plants in Amsterdam: the Eastern Gas Factory, the Western Gas Factory, the Northern and the Southern. Westergasfabriek was ready in 1885 and was strategically situated between the Haarlemmer trekvaart, and the first railway line in the Netherlands. In 1885 it was the largest gas extraction plant in the Netherlands. The gas was extracted from coal and was used for street lighting. Because of the higher gas prices the City of Amsterdam took over the operation in 1898 and expanded the plant. The plant was perfectly situated between the water and the railway line but gas production was very successful. The big Gasholder was built in 1902. The gas factory produced gas for the city until the late fifties. Amsterdam went over to gas from Hoogovens in IJmuiden, so the production of coal gas from the Factory decreased. In the sixties natural gas was found in Slochteren in the North of the Netherlands. This is why in 1967 the production of gas from the Factory stopped permanently.
After the Western Gas Factory closed the Amsterdam Electricity and Gas Company (GEB) destroyed some of the buildings among them the gas plant itself and the water tower. The other buildings were used for storage and repair and as laboratories and workshops. The remaining buildings were recognised as monuments in 1989. In 1992 the GEB left the buildings and they were taken over by the District Council of Westerpark.

## Redevelopment

Most of the thirteen buildings on site were designed by architect Isaac Gosschalk in the Dutch Neo Renaissance style, popular in the Netherlands between 1870 and 1915. Gosschalk was a famous architect in his time, as famous as Pierre Cuypers and Dolf van Gendt. He was a Jewish architect and he mainly built factories among them the Heineken brewery which is unfortunately completely destroyed and the railway station of Groningen. Gosschalk united the functional nature of the buildings with the beauty of architecture. Symmetry played an important role in his design. Nineteen of the original buildings remain on the site (not all by Gosschalk) and are designated as national monuments.
In the eighties the City of Amsterdam started to think about redevelopment but found out that the site was heavily polluted. In the nineties the District Council of Westerpark took over the responsibilities for the redevelopment. There were four main problems: remediation of the pollution, constructing a new park, finding new use for the derelict buildings and the overall problem: a lack of money.

## Culture Park

The gas works were re-opened as the "Culture Park Westergasfabriek" in 2003. Its television studios host programmes like Pauw & Witteman (a former late night talkshow), De Wereld Draait Door (an early evening talk show with Matthijs van Nieuwkerk) and Eva Jinek's Sunday morning talk show. The main grass field of the park allows for six festivals to be organized annually. Thousands of people visit the park and its activities every day.
# Aille River (County Clare)

The Aille River in County Clare in Ireland rises on the slopes of Slieve Elva in the Burren. It flows through the spa town of Lisdoonvarna and on to Doolin, where it reaches the sea not far from the Cliffs of Moher. Flowing through Lisdoonvarna it gives rise to sulphur, iron, and magnesium wells there. In summer, the river often disappears into the limestone cave system in Doolin.
53°00′31″N 9°23′26″W﻿ / ﻿53.0087°N 9.39058°W﻿ / 53.0087; -9.39058
* This article related to the geography of County Clare, Ireland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article related to a river in Ireland is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Mons Ardeshir

Mons Ardeshir is one of the mountains on the Moon, inside crater King. Its diameter is 8 km. In 1976 it was named after Persian king Ardeshir.
# Mons Bradley

Mons Bradley is a lunar mountain massif in the Montes Apenninus range, along the eastern edge of the Mare Imbrium. It is located to the west of the crater Conon. To the west of this peak is the Rima Bradley rille. (See below.)
The selenographic coordinates of this peak are 21°44′N 0°23′E﻿ / ﻿21.73°N 0.38°E﻿ / 21.73; 0.38. It has a maximum diameter of 30 km across the base, and rises to a height of about 4.2 km. It is named after the English astronomer James Bradley (1692–1762).

## Rima Bradley

This is a graben-type rille located in the southeastern part of the Mare Imbrium, near the Montes Apenninus range. To the northwest is the prominent crater Archimedes. This rille follows a course to the southwest, starting at the Palus Putredinis, and cutting through a hummocky region. To the east of the northern end of this rille is Rima Hadley and the landing site of the Apollo 15 mission.
This feature is centered at selenographic coordinates 23°48′N 1°12′W﻿ / ﻿23.8°N 1.2°W﻿ / 23.8; -1.2, and it has a maximum diameter of 161 km. The rille was named for the nearby Mons Bradley. Several tiny craters near this rille have been assigned names by the IAU. These are listed in the table below.
| Crater | Coordinates | Diameter, km | Name source |
| Ann | 25°07′N 0°03′W﻿ / ﻿25.11°N 0.05°W﻿ / 25.11; -0.05﻿ (Ann) | 3 | Hebrew feminine name |
| Ian | 25°43′N 0°23′W﻿ / ﻿25.72°N 0.39°W﻿ / 25.72; -0.39﻿ (Ian) | 1 | Gaelic masculine name |
| Kathleen | 25°20′N 0°50′W﻿ / ﻿25.34°N 0.83°W﻿ / 25.34; -0.83﻿ (Kathleen) | 5 | Irish feminine name |
| Michael | 25°03′N 0°13′W﻿ / ﻿25.05°N 0.21°W﻿ / 25.05; -0.21﻿ (Michael) | 4 | English masculine name |
| Patricia | 24°55′N 0°30′W﻿ / ﻿24.91°N 0.50°W﻿ / 24.91; -0.50﻿ (Patricia) | 5 | English feminine name |
# Çınarköy, Çınar

Çınarköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çınar, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 1,080 (2022).
# Cademuir International School

Cademuir International School was a specialist school at Moniaive in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.
The school, founded by Robert Mulvey in 1990, was created to serve high ability learners and underachievers with high potential.
Latterly based at Crawfordton House, Moniaive, a listed building, it previously operated from near Peebles.
In 2002, the school was ranked second of 418 schools in Scotland for Higher Grade results.
Following controversial stories in the tabloid press, in 2004, an HMI report criticised the school, "particularly in the care and welfare areas of child protection, vetting of staff and restraint". A follow-up inspection criticised a "lack of stable and effective strategic leadership" on 13 September 2005.
In September 2006 the school went out of business due to financial difficulties. Its roll had dropped from 100 pupils to 34 at the time of its closure.
The school buildings were then placed on the market with an asking price of £1.3 million.
# Francesco Salvolini

Francesco Salvolini (Faenza 1810 – February 1838) (also known as François Salvolini) was a scholar of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs who worked with Jean-François Champollion on deciphering hieroglyphs near the end of the latter's life. He is known to have been in possession of some of Champollion's manuscripts and to have used them as a basis for his own subsequent publications on the subject, claiming the work as his own.
Salvolini became a student of Champollion in 1831, at the recommendation of Constanzo Gazzera; after having graduated in Oriental languages from the University of Bologna. During Champollion's final illness in 1832, Salvolini was given full access to the materials in his mentor's office. Shortly after Champollion died, his older brother Jacques Joseph collected together all of his younger brother's manuscripts, and realized that significant portions were missing. Suspicion immediately fell on Salvolini, who denied the charges leveled against him. Salvolini subsequently started to publish groundbreaking works on hieroglyphs that were met with acclaim.
By the time Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac started publishing the first volume of his late brother's Grammaire égyptienne in 1836, Salvolini was increasingly held in contempt by the academic community as it became clear that not all of the work was his own.
Salvolini died in February 1838, and the missing manuscripts of Champollion were discovered among his papers.
# C.N. Kikonyogo Money Museum

The C.N. Kikonyogo Money Museum is a Ugandan museum showcasing the numismatic heritage of the country and is operated by the Bank of Uganda. It is located at Plot 45 Kampala Road, Kampala.

## History and etymology

As part of its 40th anniversary celebrations, the central bank opened the museum on 15 August 2006.
The museum was named after Charles Nyonyintono Kikonyogo, the 8th governor of the Bank of Uganda, in recognition of his contribution to Uganda's economy.

## Collection

The museum is located within the premises of the central bank and is open to the general public, at no cost.
Its collection comprises commemorative coins and medals, pre-money items used in the area that comprises present-day Uganda protectorate, Uganda's early forms of currency such as the rupee as well as both historical and contemporary notes and coins among others. It also holds historical prints, publications and photos that showcase the history of the bank.
As of 2020, the museum was listed as having participated in the Global Money Week.
# Fong Seow Hor

Fong Seow Hor (Chinese: 冯朝虎; 8 January 1937–9 March 2022) was a Malaysian former swimmer. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics. He died on 9 March 2022 in Penang, at the age of 85.
# Brodina (river)

The Brodina is a right tributary of the river Suceava in Romania. It discharges into the Suceava in the village Brodina. Its length is 29 km (18 mi) and its basin size is 142 km$^2$ (55 sq mi).
# Saint-André River

The Saint-André river (in French: rivière Saint-André) is a tributary of the Filkars River whose current flows successively into the Beaurivage River, the west bank of the Chaudière River and the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. It flows in the municipalities of Saint-Sylvestre and Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière, in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Québec, in Canada.

## Geography

The main neighboring watersheds of the Saint-André river are:
* north side: Fourchette River, Filkars River, Beaurivage River;
* east side: Beaurivage River, Nadeau River, Lessard River, Vallée River, Boiler River;
* south side: Filkars River, Palmer River, Palmer East River;
* west side: Armagh River, Saint-Georges River, rivière du Chêne, Henri River.
The Saint-André River has its source in the municipality of Saint-Sylvestre, at 0.6 kilometres (0.37 mi) east of the village center. This headland is located south of route 216, north of Mont Handkerchief and south of the village of Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage.
From its source, the Saint-André River flows over 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) divided into the following segments:
* 0.4 kilometres (0.25 mi) north-east, up to route 216 which it crosses at 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) to the north-east the village of Saint-Sylvestre;
* 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) north-east, then west, up to the Moulin road that it crosses at 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) north-of the village center of Saint-Sylvestre;
* 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) towards the southwest, in Saint-Sylvestre, to the confluence of a stream (coming from the west);
* 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) northwesterly, to route 269;
* 4.4 kilometres (2.7 mi) north-west, to the limit of Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière which it runs along for 300 metres (980 ft);
* 0.7 kilometres (0.43 mi) towards the northeast, up to its confluence.
The Saint-André river empties on the south bank of the Filkars River in the eastern part of the territory of Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière. This confluence is located 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) upstream from the confluence of the Filkars River.

## Toponymy

The toponym "rivière Saint-André" was formalized on December 5, 1968, at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.
# William Schwartz (physician)

William Benjamin Schwartz (May 16, 1922 – March 15, 2009) was a pioneering nephrologist who identified rising costs of health care as an incipient problem as early as the 1980s.
Schwartz attended Duke University after serving in the Army in World War II, earning undergraduate and medical degrees. His pioneering observation that the antibiotic sulfanilamide increased excretion of sodium in patients with heart failure led to the discovery and development of modern diuretic drugs. The Lancet.
Early in his career, he joined what is now Tufts Medical Center, and founded its Division of Nephrology in 1950. He served as its head until 1971, following which he became the Chairman of Medicine and chief physician at Tufts, positions he held until 1976. Then, he left his administrative position at the medical center, becoming the Vannevar Bush University Professor at Tufts University School of Medicine and Professor of Medicine until joining the faculty of the University of Southern California Medical School in 1992.
Beginning in the 1970s, Schwartz developed an interest in medical decision-making, and was an early researcher into artificial intelligence applications to medicine. Later in his career, he focused on the US medical system more broadly, and investigated issues such as costs, possible rationing of health care, availability of specialist care, and malpractice insurance. With economist Henry Aaron, he co-authored The Painful Prescription: Rationing Hospital Care in 1984. Further advancements in medicine—such as widespread availability of transplant surgery, Cardiac surgery, and MRIs strengthened his views of the need to contain spiraling costs through some form of rationing.
The syndrome Schwartz-Bartter's syndrome is named after him, along with Frederic Bartter.
# Bénédicte Taurine

Bénédicte Taurine (born 18 June 1976) is a French politician. She was a member of the French National Assembly for the department of Ariège from 2017 to 2023, representing La France Insoumise.

## Biography
### Early life

Taurine is a teacher in Life and Earth Sciences at a Secondary School, she also carries out union duties at the National Union of Secondary Education.

### Political career

In 2015, she was a candidate for regional elections in Occitanie on the list "New world in common", grouping several parties of radical left, but was not elected.

### Member of the National Assembly

She was elected member of the first constituency of Ariège on 18 June 2017 with 50.28% of the votes in the second round under the political banner of La France Insoumise.
In the National Assembly, she sat on the Economic Affairs Committee, and she was a member of Delegation for Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women. She was president of the France-Andorra Friendship Group.
She was re-elected in the 2022 French legislative election. Her election was annulled by the Constitutional Council in January 2023. She lost the seat in the second round of the by-election on 2 April 2023.
# Melissa Castrillón Gómez

Melissa Castrillón Gómez (born 1995) is a Colombian chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master. She has represented Colombia at three Chess Olympiads.

## Biography

In 2009, in Mar del Plata, Castrillón won Pan American Girls' Chess Championship in the under 14 age group. In 2011, in La Ceja she won South American Zonal Women's Chess Championship and was given the right to participate in Women's World Chess Championship. In 2012, in Khanty-Mansiysk, Castrillón made her debut in the Women's World Chess Championship, where in the first round she lost to Nadezhda Kosintseva.
She has played for Colombia at four Chess Olympiads (2012—2018) and won individual silver (2012) medal.
Castrillón was awarded the Woman FIDE Master (WFM) in 2009, and as a result of her performance in the 2011 South American Zonal Women's Chess Championship she was awarded the Woman International Master (WIM) title in 2012.
She won the Women's section of the Colombian Chess Championship in 2020.
# Meireles

Meireles is a Portuguese-language surname and may refer to :

## Footballers

* Clayton Nascimento Meireles (born 1989), Brazilian footballer, plays for Avaí Futebol Clube
* Flávio Meireles (born 1976), a Portuguese football defensive midfielder
* Hendrich Miller Meireles Bernardo (born 1986), a Brazilian attacking midfielder
* Raul Meireles (born 1983), a Portuguese football midfielder

## Other

* Cecília Meireles (1901-1964), a Brazilian poet
* Cildo Meireles (born 1948), a Brazilian conceptual artist
* Isa Meireles (?-2008), a Portuguese journalist, reporter and writer
* Manuel Quintão Meireles (1880-1957), a Portuguese Navy officer and politician
# Megacraniinae

The Megacraniinae are an anareolate subfamily of stick insects in the family Phasmatidae. Their known distribution includes Malesia and islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Several genera have been revised and were placed previously in the Platycraninae.

## Genera

The Phasmida Species File lists:
* Acanthograeffea Günther, 1932
* Apterograeffea Cliquennois & Brock, 2002
* Davidrentzia - monotypic D. valida Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007
* Erastus Redtenbacher, 1908
* Graeffea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868
* Megacrania Kaup, 1871
* Ophicrania Kaup, 1871
* Xenomaches Kirby, 1896 - monotypic Xenomaches incommodus (Butler, 1876)
# Megacraspedus albella

Megacraspedus albella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1935 and is found in Palestine.
# Megalorhipida vivax

Megalorhipida vivax is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from South Africa and Gambia.
# Megalorhipida tessmanni

Megalorhipida tessmanni is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen and Zimbabwe.
The larvae feed on Cinchona pubescens (Rubiaceae).
# Winding Stair

Winding Stair may refer to:
* The Winding Stair, a band from Belfast, Northern Ireland
* The Winding Stair, a 1923 novel by A. E. W. Mason
* The Winding Stair a 1925 silent film based on the novel
* Winding Stair Mountain National Recreation Area, located in Oklahoma
* The Winding Stair and Other Poems, a volume of poetry by W. B. Yeats
# Winding Roads

Winding Roads may refer to:
* Winding Roads (film), the 1999 directorial debut of Theodore Melfi
* "Winding Roads", a song by the Sound of Arrows from the 2008 release Danger! (EP)
* "Winding Roads", a song by Stephen Marley from the 2023 album Old Soul
# C14H19N3S

The molecular formula C$_{14}$H$_{19}$N$_3$S (molar mass: 261.39 g/mol, exact mass: 261.1300 u) may refer to:
* Methapyrilene
* Thenyldiamine
# C14H19FN2

The molecular formula C$_{14}$H$_{19}$FN$_2$ may refer to:
* 5-Fluoro-DET
* 6-Fluoro-DET