OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Special values of L-functions

In mathematics, the study of special values of L-functions is a subfield of number theory devoted to generalising formulae such as the Leibniz formula for π, namely $1\,-\,{\frac {1}{3}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{5}}\,-\,{\frac {1}{7}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{9}}\,-\,\cdots \;=\;{\frac {\pi }{4}},\!$
by the recognition that expression on the left-hand side is also $L(1)$ where $L(s)$ is the Dirichlet L-function for the field of Gaussian rational numbers. This formula is a special case of the analytic class number formula, and in those terms reads that the Gaussian field has class number 1. The factor ${\tfrac {1}{4}}$ on the right hand side of the formula corresponds to the fact that this field contains four roots of unity.

## Conjectures

There are two families of conjectures, formulated for general classes of L-functions (the very general setting being for L-functions associated to Chow motives over number fields), the division into two reflecting the questions of:
* how to replace $\pi$ in the Leibniz formula by some other "transcendental" number (regardless of whether it is currently possible for transcendental number theory to provide a proof of the transcendence); and
* how to generalise the rational factor in the formula (class number divided by number of roots of unity) by some algebraic construction of a rational number that will represent the ratio of the L-function value to the "transcendental" factor.
Subsidiary explanations are given for the integer values of $n$ for which a formulae of this sort involving $L(n)$ can be expected to hold.
The conjectures for (a) are called Beilinson's conjectures, for Alexander Beilinson. The idea is to abstract from the regulator of a number field to some "higher regulator" (the Beilinson regulator), a determinant constructed on a real vector space that comes from algebraic K-theory.
The conjectures for (b) are called the Bloch–Kato conjectures for special values (for Spencer Bloch and Kazuya Kato; this circle of ideas is distinct from the Bloch–Kato conjecture of K-theory, extending the Milnor conjecture, a proof of which was announced in 2009). They are also called the Tamagawa number conjecture, a name arising via the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and its formulation as an elliptic curve analogue of the Tamagawa number problem for linear algebraic groups. In a further extension, the equivariant Tamagawa number conjecture (ETNC) has been formulated, to consolidate the connection of these ideas with Iwasawa theory, and its so-called Main Conjecture.

### Current status

All of these conjectures are known to be true only in special cases.
# Bøfsandwich

A Bøfsandwich (lit. 'steak sandwich'), is the classic Danish version of a hamburger. It contains the hamburger elements of a cooked ground beef patty placed inside a sliced bread roll.
Bøfsandwiches are typically sold from hot dog stands and in traditional fast food establishments, and have been described as an "archetypal Danish snackbar classic". Some traditional Danish restaurants have also started serving gourmet versions, with the addition of e.g. soft grilled onions.
Fans of the bøfsandwich maintain a Facebook page which announces "Denmark's best bøfsandwich" each year.

## Condiments

The traditional condiments are ketchup, mustard, remoulade, sliced dill pickles, raw onions, and crisp fried onions.

## Local variations

Primarily in the Jutland region of Denmark, it is customary to serve the bøfsandwich with sliced beetroots inside and brown gravy poured over the sandwich. This version is sometimes dubbed 'gravy burger' by foreigners. Other local variants may include gherkins or pickled red cabbage.

## International variations

In Canada, the hot hamburger, which consists of a beef patty, buns, and gravy poured on top, somewhat resembles the bøfsandwich.
# Shanghai Shixi High School

Shanghai Shixi High School (上海市市西中学) is a public senior high school in Jing'an, Shanghai, China.
# Jaggan, Pakistan

Jaggan (Sindhi: جاڳڻ) is a village in Shikarpur Taluka in Shikarpur District (a famous district in Sindh province) Pakistan.
According to some sources the population of village estimates 8000. It is connected with Sukkur-Jacobabad highway, Sultan Kot and Ramzanpur.
# TSS Wahine

TSS Wahine (meaning "woman" in Maori) was a Union Steamship Company passenger steamship that was launched in Scotland in 1912 and wrecked in the Arafura Sea in 1951. She spent most of her career on inter-island ferry route between Wellington and Lyttelton, New Zealand. She was a minelayer in World War I, and a troop ship in World War I, World War II and the Korean War.
William Denny and Brothers built Wahine in Dumbarton as yard number 971. She was launched on 25 November 1912 and completed on 9 April 1913. Her registered length was 375.0 ft (114.3 m), her beam was 52.2 ft (15.9 m) and her depth was 23.7 ft (7.2 m). As built, her tonnages were 4,436 GRT and 1,798 NRT. Wahine had three screws, each driven by a steam turbine. High-pressure steam powered her port and starboard turbines. Exhaust steam from them powered a low-pressure turbine that drove her middle screw. To help her berth at Lyttelton, Wahine had a rudder on her bow as well as one in the conventional place at her stern.
The UK Admiralty chartered Wahine in July 1915. She was a troop ship, including in the Gallipoli campaign. In May 1916 she was converted into a minelayer. In March 1919 the Admiralty returned her to her owners, and in February 1920 she returned to the inter-island route.
In November 1941 Wahine became a troop ship again. In January 1942 she was evacuating mostly women and children from Fiji to Auckland when a Japanese submarine tracked her. A US Flying Fortress on escort duty sank the submarine with depth charges. On 19 December 1942 Wahine rammed and sank the minesweeping trawler South Sea inside Wellington Harbour. There was no loss of life.
After World War II the Admiralty returned Wahine to her owners again. In 1946 she was refitted, and in February 1947 she was transferred to the Trans-Tasman Sea service between Wellington and Sydney. She served this route until the end of 1948, when she returned to Wellington as the relief ship for the route to Lyttelton.
In July 1951 the New Zealand Government chartered Wahine to take New Zealand Army Service Corps troops to Korea. On 2 August she left Wellington carrying 577 troops. She called at Cairns, Queensland and Darwin, Northern Territory, where she left on 14 August. At 5:40 a.m. on 15 August she ran hard aground on the Masela Island Reef off Cape Palsu in the Arafura Sea, being held as far aft as her engine room. In response to her distress call, Standard Vacuum Oil Company tanker Stanvac Karachi rescued all aboard. Salvage attempts were unsuccessful and the ship was abandoned as a total loss.
# Bonitzer

Bonitzer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Agathe Bonitzer (born 1989), French actress
* Pascal Bonitzer (born 1946), French screenwriter, film director and actor
# There Are Exceptions

There Are Exceptions (Hungarian: Tisztelet a kivételnek) is a 1937 Hungarian romantic drama film directed by Ákos Ráthonyi and starring Imre Ráday, Klári Tolnay and Kálmán Rózsahegyi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director István Szirontai Lhotka. It was based on a 1933 stage play of the same title by Elemér Boross.

## Synopsis

Endre, a wealthy young toy manufacturer, is a practiced seducer of women. When he takes the attractive Vera for a weekend at his riverside property, he is shocked when she resists his advances after discovering he is only after a good time. He is deeply concerned that she has drowned following a motorboat accident, and is relieved when she is found safe. She now wants nothing to do with him, but his uncle believes that the couple are suited to each other and sets out to bring them together.

## Cast

* Imre Ráday as Julián Endre
* Klári Tolnay as Kántor Vera
* Kálmán Rózsahegyi as Kántor János
* Márton Rátkai as Reményi bácsi
* Mariska Vízváry as Kántor Jánosné
* Ila Mecséry as Baba
* József Juhász as Csokor úr
* Tivadar Bilicsi as Tibor
* Ági Donáth as Vera iskolatársa
* Lola László as Lici
* Éva Bíró as Mici, gépírókisasszony a játékgyárban
* Harry Csáktornyai as Játékgyári gyakornok
* Lajos Gárday as õrmester
* Gyula Justh as Fõpincér
* József Lengyel as Pincér
* István Lontay as Vendég az étteremben
* Emmi Nagy as Julián exbarátnõje
* Ferenc Pataki as Vendég az étteremben
* Sándor Peti as Ablakmosó
* Erzsi Pártos as Vera iskolatársa
* Marcsa Simon as Trenka
* Lili Szász as Júlián titkárnõje
* Ferenc Antók as Pincér
* Gyöngyi Váry as Vera iskolatársa
# Special treatment

Special treatment may refer to:
* Special Treatment (film), a 1980 Yugoslavian drama film
* Sonderbehandlung, a Nazi euphemism for mass murder
* Special Treatment Unit, a prison unit in New Jersey
* Special Treatment (stock market) (特别处理), an administrative status for publicly traded companies in China
# Songs from the Tree House

Songs from the Tree House is a 1995 album by Canadian singer and songwriter Martha Johnson. It was released through Muffin Music and was produced by Johnson and Mark Gane. Songs from The Tree House won a Juno Award for Best Children's Album in 1997.

## Track listing

* Into The Tree House (Martha Johnson) (1:05)
* Everboy Needs A Home (Martha Johnson/Mark Gane) (1:47)
* My Little Sister (Martha Johnson) (1:43)
* When You Grow Up (Martha Johnson) (2:39)
* It Was An Accident (Martha Johnson) (1:33)
* Beautiful Trees (Martha Johnson) (2:10)
* The Golden Rule (Martha Johnson) (3:01)
* The Itsy Bitsy Spider (Traditional, arranged by (Martha Johnson/Mark Gane) (1:16)
* The Wind (Martha Johnson) (0:50)
* White Coral Bells (Traditional, arranged by (Martha Johnson) (0:58)
* My Best Friend (Martha Johnson) (1:51)
* Don't Give Me Those Beans (Martha Johnson) (2:27)
* I Made It Myself (Martha Johnson) (2:09)
* Are We There Yet (Martha Johnson) (1:08)
* Row Row Row Your Boat (Traditional, arranged by (Martha Johnson) (1:10)
* The Shang Yang (The Rainbird) (Martha Johnson) (2:06)
* Sailing Through The Night (Martha Johnson) (2:55)
* Shooting Stars (Martha Johnson) (2:17)
* Goodnight From The Tree House (Martha Johnson) (1:07)

## Reception

AllMusic gave a favorable review for the album, commenting that it was "a wonderful children's album that neither children nor parents will tire of hearing."
# Baiguo railway station

Baiguo railway station may refer to:
* Baiguo railway station (Hubei), on the Yichang−Wanzhou Railway in Hubei, China
* Baiguo railway station (Sichuan), on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway in Yuexi County, Sichuan, China
# Scymnus monticola

Scymnus monticola, is a species of beetle found in the family Coccinellidae discovered by Thomas Lincoln Casey Jr. in 1899. It is found in North America.
# Shanghai Shijie Fanhua Bao

Shanghai Shijie Fanhua Bao (Chinese: 上海世界繁華報) was a periodical published in Shanghai, China. The name is often shortened to Fanhua Bao or Shijie Fanhua Bao ("World Vanity Fair" or "The Glittering World").
Li Baojia (Li Boyuan) was the founder. The main editors were Ouyang Gan (歐陽淦; 欧阳淦; Ōuyáng Gàn; Ou-yang Kan) and Ren Guangjin (任光覲; 任光觐; Rèn Guāngjìn; Jen Kuang-chin). It was founded on May 7, 1901. Publication ended on April 22, 1910.

## Works serialized

Serialized works include:
* Gengzi Guobian Tanci by Li Baojia
* Officialdom Unmasked by Li Baojia (the first half of the work, serialized there from April 1903 to June 1905.)

## Staff

* Li Baojia (contributor and editor)
# Antonín Molčík

Antonín Molčík (8 September 1939 - 18 April 2014) was a Czech actor and voice actor.
Molčík died aged 74 in a hospital in Prague.
He voiced character Ennio Salieri in video game Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven (Czech version).
# Sōshunfu

Sōshunfu (早春譜, lit. Early Spring Record) is the tenth and final studio album by Japanese idol trio Candies, released through CBS Sony on March 21, 1978. The album consists of songs individually written by the trio. It is the trio's only studio release to not generate a single. Two weeks after the album's release, Candies performed their final concert at Korakuen Stadium on April 4 before disbanding.
# Bonivento

Bonivento is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Claudio Bonivento (born 1950), Italian film producer and director
* Eugenio Bonivento (1880–1956), Italian painter
* Renzo Bonivento (1902–1963), Italian equestrian
# S. Aravind Ramesh

S. Aravind Ramesh is an Indian politician and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Sholinganallur as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) candidate in 2016.

## Electoral performance

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Shozhinganallur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | S. Aravind Ramesh | 171,558 | 44.18% | +1.65 |
| | AIADMK | K. P. Kandan | 136,153 | 35.06% | −3.15 |
| | NTK | S. Michael | 38,872 | 10.01% | +6.87 |
| | MNM | Rajiv Kumar | 30,284 | 7.80% | New |
| | DMDK | R. Murugan | 3,912 | 1.01% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 3,030 | 0.78% | −1.34 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 35,405 | 9.12% | 4.80% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 388,355 | 55.57% | −1.81% |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 552 | 0.14% | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 698,820 | | |
| | DMK hold | DMK hold | Swing | 1.65% | |
2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Shozhinganallur :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | DMK | S. Aravind Ramesh | 147,014 | 42.53% | New |
| | AIADMK | N. Sundaram | 132,101 | 38.21% | −22.22 |
| | PMK | K. Ramkumar | 15,595 | 4.51% | New |
| | VCK | R. Paneer Doss | 15,129 | 4.38% | New |
| | BJP | Ujagar Singh | 14,915 | 4.31% | +1.29 |
| | NTK | S. Rajan | 10,842 | 3.14% | New |
| | NOTA | NOTA | 7,332 | 2.12% | New |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 14,913 | 4.31% | −23.52% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 345,697 | 57.38% | −9.89% |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 602,472 | | |
| | DMK gain from AIADMK | DMK gain from AIADMK | Swing | -17.90% | |
# Son of Sevenless

In cell signalling, Son of Sevenless (SOS) refers to a set of genes encoding guanine nucleotide exchange factors that act on the Ras subfamily of small GTPases.

## History and name

The gene was so named because the Sos protein that it encoded was found to operate downstream of the sevenless gene in Drosophila melanogaster in a Ras/MAP kinase pathway. When sevenless is mutated or otherwise dysfunctional during development of the fly's ultraviolet light-sensitive compound eye, the seventh, central photoreceptor (R7) of each ommatidium fails to form. Similarly, the mammalian orthologues of Sos, SOS1 and SOS2, function downstream of many growth factor and adhesion receptors.

## Function

Ras-GTPases act as molecular switches that bind to downstream effectors, such as the protein kinase c-Raf, and localise them to the membrane, resulting in their activation. Ras-GTPases are considered inactive when bound to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and active when bound to guanosine triphosphate (GTP). As the name implies, Ras-GTPases possess intrinsic enzymatic activity that hydrolyses GTP to GDP and phosphate. Thus, upon binding to GTP, the duration of Ras-GTPase activity depends on the rate of hydrolysis. SOS (and other guanine nucleotide exchange factors) act by binding Ras-GTPases and forcing them to release their bound nucleotide (usually GDP). Once released from SOS, the Ras-GTPase quickly binds fresh guanine nucleotide from the cytosol. Since GTP is roughly ten times more abundant than GDP in the cytosol, this usually results in Ras activation. The normal rate of Ras catalytic GTPase (GTP hydrolysis) activity can be increased by proteins of the RasGAP family, which bind to Ras and increase its catalytic rate by a factor of one thousand - in effect, increasing the rate at which Ras is inactivated.

## Genetic diseases associated with SOS1

Dominant mutant alleles of SOS1 have recently been found to cause Noonan syndrome and hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1. Noonan syndrome has also been shown to be caused by mutations in KRAS and PTPN11 genes. A common feature of these genes is that their products have all been strongly implicated as positive regulators of the Ras/MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Therefore, it is thought that dysregulation of this pathway during development is responsible for many of the clinical features of this syndrome.
Noonan syndrome mutations in SOS1 are distributed in clusters positioned throughout the SOS1 coding region. Biochemically, these mutations have been shown to similarly effect aberrant activation of the catalytic domain towards Ras-GTPases. This may be explained because the SOS1 protein adopts an auto-inhibited conformation dependent on multiple domain-to-domain interactions that cooperate to block access of the SOS1 catalytic core to its Ras-GTPase targets. The mutations that cause Noonan syndrome thus appear to perturb intramolecular interactions necessary for SOS1 auto-inhibition. In this way these mutations are thought to create SOS1 alleles encoding hyper-activated and dysregulated variants of the protein.
# Songs from the Stage

Songs from the Stage is the debut album from British-American girl group Leading Ladies, featuring Amber Riley, Beverley Knight and Cassidy Janson. The album was released on 17 November 2017.
It was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2018 Classic Brit Awards.

## Background

Songs from the Stage features fourteen songs from musicals including Hamilton, Cats, Rent, Dreamgirls, Funny Girl, The Bodyguard, Memphis and Beautiful: The Carole King Musical. Songs from the Stage was produced by Grammy Award-winning British producer Brian Rawling, who has previously worked with Cher, Tina Turner and Lionel Richie. The setting-up of the music and vocal arrangements were done together as a group, while most of the recording occurred separately within a two-week period due to their busy individual schedules. During the album recording, Riley and Janson were still both contracted to perform in the West End, while Knight was recovering from surgery and due to go on her I Love Soulsville UK tour).
The group promoted the album by performing the track "Wind Beneath My Wings" on BBC Children in Need, second single "I'm Every Woman" on Strictly Come Dancing, "Somebody to Love" on The Royal Variety Show, "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" on Sunday Brunch and the first single "One Night Only" on the special New Year's Eve edition of The Graham Norton Show.

## Singles

"One Night Only" (originally from the musical Dreamgirls) was released as the group's debut single on 6 October 2017. The song peaked on the A-list at BBC Radio 2.
The second single from the album was revealed on 27 November 2017 to be a double A-side single of "I'm Every Woman" from The Bodyguard and "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" from Meet Me in St. Louis.

### Promotional singles

"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" was released as the first promotional single on 20 October 2017. The second promotional single was "Somebody to Love", issued on 3 November 2017. The third and final promotional single was released one week later on 10 November 2017 and was confirmed to be "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", which later became one of the album's second singles.

## Commercial performance

Songs from the Stage debuted within the top 20 of the UK Albums Chart and the Scottish Albums Chart.

## Charts

| Chart (2017) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 19 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 19 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| Various | 17 November 2017 | CD digital download streaming | East WestWarner | |
# Jim Shum

Jim Shum (1853–1914) was a New Zealand goldminer. He was born in Guangdong Province, China in 1853.
# Scymnus neomexicanus

Scymnus neomexicanus, is a species of beetle found in the family Coccinellidae. It is found in North America.
# Khoshey people

The Khoshey (Khowar: Khow, Chitrali: Khosh Yemeni) are a Kho tribe residing in the Torkhow, Mulkhow, Laspur, Chitral, Drosh, Tirich Mir, Ayon, Chitral District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan and Badakhshan. The Khoshey speak the Khowar language.
# Jacoby Church

Jacoby Church and Cemetery is a historic community church and cemetery located in Center Township, Marshall County, Indiana. The church was built in 1860, and is a one-story, Greek Revival style frame building, measuring 32 feet by 40 feet. The front facade features a projecting bell tower / vestibule added in 1910. The cemetery was established in 1850, and contains approximately 166 burials.$^{:5,7}$
It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
# Sōsō Mōtoku

Sōsō Mōtoku (曹操 孟德, Chinese: Cáo Cāo Mèngdé) is the Japanese spelling of the name of the historical figure Cao Cao.
Sōsō Mōtoku also refers to:
* Sōsō Mōtoku, the female feudal lord in Koihime Musō who is based on Cao Cao.
* Sōsō Mōtoku, the male fighter in Ikkitōsen, also based on Cao Cao.
# Hemiancistrus cerrado

Hemiancistrus cerrado is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the Araguaia River basin in the Tocantins River drainage in Brazil. It is usually found in rocky riffles in second-order streams. The species reaches 17 cm (6.7 inches) SL and is named for the Cerrado, the ecoregion in which it occurs.
# Spread eagle (figure skating)

The spread eagle is one of the moves in the field in the sport of figure skating, in which a skater glides on both feet, the toes turned out to the sides, heels facing each other. It can be performed on either the inside or outside edges. It is commonly used as an entrance to jumps, adding to the difficulty level of that jump under the Code of Points. It is most commonly used as an entrance to an Axel jump.

## Gallery
### Single

* An inside spread eagle front view (Jeffrey Buttle)
* An inside spread eagle side view (Vitali Sazonets)
* An inside spread eagle (Mao Asada)
* An outside spread eagle (Andrei Griazev)
* An outside spread eagle (Caroline Zhang)
* An outside spread eagle (Yuzuru Hanyu)

### Pairs

* Outside edge spread eagle (Evelyn Walsh & Trennt Michaud)
* A carry lift with the man in a spread eagle (Maria Mukhortova & Maxim Trankov)

### Ice dancing

* The male skater performs an outside spread eagle (Isabelle Delobel & Olivier Schoenfelder)
* The male skater performs an outside spread eagle (Lynn Kriengkrairut & Logan Giulietti-Schmitt)
* Inside and outside (Kristina Gorshkova & Vitali Butikov)

### Synchronized skating

* Outside spread eagles (The Hockettes)
# Tail (Chinese constellation)

The Tail mansion (尾宿, pinyin: Wěi Xiù) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations. It is one of the eastern mansions of the Azure Dragon.

## Asterisms

| English name | Chinese name | European constellation | Number of stars | Representing |
| Tail | 尾 | Scorpius | 9 | Azure Dragon's tail, refer to the temple |
| Changing Room | simplified Chinese: 神宫; traditional Chinese: 神宮 | Scorpius | 1 | Changing rooms in the temple |
| Tortoise | simplified Chinese: 龟; traditional Chinese: 龜 | Ara | 5 | Galaxy in the turtle, refer to the good and bad |
| Celestial River | 天江 | Ophiuchus | 4 | The silver-river-shaped galaxy |
| Fuyue | simplified Chinese: 傅说; traditional Chinese: 傅說 | Scorpius | 1 | Fu Yue was a former slave that became a high-ranking minister to Shang dynasty ruler, Wu Ding |
| Fish | simplified Chinese: 鱼; traditional Chinese: 魚 | Scorpius | 1 | Fish in the galaxy |
# Bush cricket

Bush cricket may refer to:
* Tettigoniidae, an insect family known in British English as bush crickets
* Eneopterinae, a subfamily known in American English as bush crickets