OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Globularia amygdalifolia

Globularia amygdalifolia is a flowering plant of the family Plantaginaceae. The species is endemic to Cape Verde. It is listed as an endangered species by the IUCN.

## Description

Moderately to strongly branched, erect, evergreen shrub, usually 0.5–1 m, occasionally up to 2 m high. Leaves alternate, clustered towards the apices of the branches, oblanceolate, rarely lanceolate, strongly attenuate towards base, up to 12 cm long and 3 cm wide, somewhat coriaceous, glabrous, apex acute, margin entire. Inflorescence adense, globular capitule up to 2.5 cm in diameter, situated axillary on peduncles 3 to 4 cm long; groups of 5 to 10 capitules clustered towards apices of branches; peduncles, involucre, calyx and the subfusiform receptacle pubescent. Calyx deeply 5-partite, with linear to lanceolate lobes. Corolla blue to whitish blue, zygomorphic; with trifid lower lip, destitute of adimerous lower lip; tube-like basal part adaxially open; stamens, 4 long exserted, one pair inserted in the basal third of the corolla; the upper pair inserted in the middle third of the corolla.

## Related taxa

Globularia amygdalifolia is most closely related to Globularia salicina Lam., which is distributed in Madeira and the Canary Islands, also to Globularia ascanii Bramwell & Kunkell and Globularia sarcophylla Svent. both endemic to the mountains of Gran Canaria. G. amygdalifolia is placed together with G. salicina in the subgenus Jasionopsis Schwarz section Lytanthus (Wettst.) Schwarz (Schwarz 1939, 1963). Globularia amygdalifolia is distinguished from G. salicina mainly by its larger leaves and capitules, somewhat more strongly divided calyx, narrower involucral scales and narrower corolla (Schwarz 1939.

## Variation

No significant variation has been observed. Old plants higher than 0.5–1 m are extremely rare today. Large plants up to 2 m are only known from outer escarpments of the central caldeira on Fogo as scattered relicts of a scrub vegetation type with old individuals of Artemisia gorgonum and Echium vulcanorum.

## Distribution and ecology

Globularia amygdalifolia is a western hygrophyte occurring on Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Santiago, Fogo and Brava, but is absent from São Vicente. It is mainly occurring in the subhumid and humid zones, but it has also been reported from the arid zone on Santiago. The main altitudinal distribution is between 400 m and 2200 m. The species has been recorded from below 100 m on Santiago. The uppermost records are from the caldeira rim on Fogo up to 2400 m (leg. Killian& Leyens). The plants grow on mountain slopes and less frequently in steep cliffs and they form a characteristic, but not dominating element of the indigenous montane scrub vegetation in the Cape Verde Islands.
# Groß Düngen

Groß Düngen is a village in the town of Bad Salzdetfurth, in the north German state of Lower Saxony. It lies in the Innerste valley southeast of the county town of Hildesheim on the B 243 federal highway.

## History

The first recorded mention of the village dates to the year 1085. Until the demise of ecclesiastical principalities the village belonged to the Little Hildesheim Stift and is therefore among the so-called Catholic Stift villages. This is especially noticeably in the baroque parish church of St. Cosmas and Damian built in 1733; its tower also depicts the village coat of arms.
The independent parish of Groß Düngen was merged in 1966 with several neighbouring villages to become the municipality of Düngen (Samtgemeinde Düngen). This was incorporated in 1974 into the borough of Bad Salzdetfurth in 1974 (with the exception of Egenstedt and Marienburg).

## Politics

The village 'mayor' is Marc Busche (SPD).

## Culture and places of interest

* The Catholic church in the village is a baroque building that was built in 1733. In front of the altar there is a commemorative plaque in memory of Josepf Müller.
* Das Alte Fachwerkhaus is a half-timbered house dating from 1780 in the high street. The German name means "The Old Timber-Framed House". It was renovated in 1988 and transformed into a cultural centre. Today it is used for concerts and exhibitions. The Altes Fachwerkhaus houses a small local museum as well.

## Personalities

* Eduard Jakob Wedekin (1796-1870), Bishop of Hildesheim, born in Groß Düngen
* Joseph Müller (1894-1944), Catholic priest and martyr, priest of the Catholic parish of St. Cosmas und Damian in Groß Düngen from August 1943, executed by the Nazis in September 1944. His grave can be seen in front of the main entrance of the church.

## Gallery

* St. Cosmas and Damian
* St. Cosmas and Damian
* Cultural centre "Das Alte Fachwerkhaus"
# Hekou Group

The Hekou Group is a geological group in Gansu Province, China. It is Early Cretaceous in age. Many dinosaur fossils have been recovered from the Hekou Group, including iguanodonts, large sauropods, and armored dinosaurs. Fossil eggs are rare, but one oogenus, Polyclonoolithus, was discovered in the Hekou Group. Extensive fossil tracks belonging to pterosaurs and dinosaurs have also been described. The group spans the Valanginian to Albian and can be subdivided into four formations.

## Vertebrate paleofauna
### Dinosaurs
#### Saurischians

| Genus | Species | Region | Material | Notes |
| Daxiatitan | D. binglingi | Upper; Lanzhou-Minhe Basin | A partial skeleton including cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, and a haemal arch, scapulocoracoid, and femur | A large titanosauriform sauropod |
| Huanghetitan | H. liujiaxiaensis | Upper; Lanzhou-Minhe Basin | A partial skeleton including caudal vertebrae, a partial sacrum and ribs, and the left shoulder girdle | A large titanosauriform sauropod |
| Yongjinglong | Y. datangi | Upper; Lanzhou-Minhe Basin | A partial skeleton including teeth, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, a rib, the left scapulocoracoid, and the right ulna and radius | A euhelopodid titanosauriform sauropod |

#### Ornithischians

| Genus | Species | Region | Material | Notes |
| Lanzhousaurus | L. magnidens | | A partial skeleton including the mandible, maxillary teeth, dentary teeth, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, sternal plates, ribs, and pubes | A large styracosternan iguanodontian |
| Stegosaurus | S. sp. | Upper member; Lanzhou-Minhe Basin | A partial skeleton including cervical and dorsal vertebrae, ribs, a right forelimb (including a partial humerus, ulna, and radius), and one dermal plate | A stegosaur distinct from Wuerhosaurus and Stegosaurus stenops. Likely contemporary with Taohelong. |
| Taohelong | T. jinchengensis | Upper member; Lanzhou-Minhe Basin | A partial skeleton including ribs, a left ilium, a caudal vertebra, and part of the sacral shield | A nodosaurid ankylosaur, originally described as the first Asian member of the Polacanthinae |

### Fish

| Genus | Species | Region | Material | Notes | Images |
| Sinamia | S. lanshoensis | Middle–Lower subgroup; "fish quarry" | Many well-preserved specimens as part and counterpart fossils | A sinamiid amiiform fish | |
# Soro railway station

Soro railway station is a railway station on the South Eastern Railway network in the state of Odisha, India. It serves Soro city. Its code is SORO. It has four platforms. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt at Soro railway station.

## Major trains

* Kalinga Utkal Express
* Sri Jagannath Express
* Dhauli Express
* East Coast Express
* Santragachi–Paradeep Express
* Odisha Sampark Kranti Express
* Bhubaneswar–Howrah Jan Shatabdi Express
* Neelachal Express
* Santragachi–Tirupati Express
# Kogoue

Kogoue is a town in the Sidéradougou Department of Comoé Province in south-western Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,206.
# Cadlina pellucida

Cadlina pellucida is a species of sea slug or dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cadlinidae.
# Helicostylum

Helicostylum is a genus of two species of fungi in the family Mucoraceae.
# Spanish dancer

The Spanish dancer, scientific name Hexabranchus sanguineus (literally meaning "blood-colored six-gills"), is a dorid nudibranch, a very large and colorful sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Hexabranchidae.The taxonomy of the genus Hexabranchus has been controversial but a thorough molecular and morphological study published in 2023 showed that the name H. sanguineus was being used for at least 5 distinct species.

## Description

Hexabranchus sanguineus is a large dorid nudibranch which commonly grows up to a maximum length of 25 cm, with some reports to 40 cm in the Red Sea. All Hexabranchus species have soft, flattened bodies, the anterior dorsal portion has a pair of retractable rhinophores and the posterior part has six contractile gills inserted independently in the body. The pair of oral tentacles are constituted by a fine flexible membrane provided with large digital lobes.
In a normal situation when the animal is crawling, the edges of its mantle are curled upwards creating a peripheral blister. If the animal is disturbed, it unfolds its edges and can swim through contractions and undulations of the body to move away from the disturbing element. Its common name, Spanish dancer, comes from this particular defense.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is reported from the Red Sea, the Western Indian Ocean, French Polynesia and the Western Pacific, with different colour morphs in each region which are not differentiated by morphology or DNA barcodes.
It likes rocky and coral reefs with many sponges and shelters from 1 to 50 meters deep.

## Biology

During daytime, the Spanish dancer hides away from the light in the crevices of its natural habitat to only come out late at night. It feeds on various species of sponge. Like all nudibranchs, it is hermaphrodite and its bright red to pink egg ribbon has a spiral shape related to the size of the animal so relatively large. The Spanish Dancer consumes sponges from the family Halichondriidae. Once consumed, the Spanish Dancer derives a potent chemical that it can use as defense. Hexabranchus sanguineus then passes the defensive compounds obtained into its egg ribbons via macrolides, giving the physically defenseless egg ribbons a toxin defense. The latter is coveted by some other species of nudibranch as Favorinus tsuruganus or Favorinus japonicus. The emperor shrimp, Periclimenes imperator, is a commensal shrimp that is commonly found living on Hexabranchus sanguineus.
# Globularia bisnagarica

Globularia bisnagarica, the common ball flower, is a species of plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae.

## Description

Globularia bisnagarica grows to 10–30 centimetres (3.9–11.8 in) in height. It is a perennial plant with bright blue spherical flowerheads and dark green, leathery, spathulate leaves, veined beneath. The flowering period extends from March to June.

## Distribution

This species can be found in Central and Southern Europe. It occurs in meadows at an elevation of 0–1,500 metres (0–4,921 ft) above sea level.
# Groß Flottbek

Groß Flottbek (German pronunciation), (Great Flottbek) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Altona. It is located in the center of the borough north of the Othmarschen quarter. Near Groß Flottbek, the neighbourhood of Klein Flottbek, which is not an official quarter, can be found. Around 11.000 people live in Groß Flottbek on 2.4 sq km.

## Geography

Groß Flottbek borders the quarters of Bahrenfeld, Othmarschen, Nienstedten and Osdorf. The Flottbek stream flows through Groß Flottbek and into River Elbe near Teufelsbrück.

## History

Groß Flottbek was first recorded in 1305. Between 1640 and 1866, Flottbek was part of Denmark. Along with Altona, of which it was a part since 1927, Groß Flottbek became a part of Hamburg in 1937/1938 through the Greater Hamburg Act. Today, the quarter is dominated by residential areas and mansions.

## Politics

These are the results of Groß Flottbek in the Hamburg state election:
| | SPD | Greens | CDU | FDP | Left | AfD | Others |
| 2020 | 35,2 % | 27,7 % | 13,7 % | 10,3 % | 05,7 % | 02,7 % | 04,7 % |
| 2015 | 40,0 % | 13,7 % | 18,2 % | 16,5 % | 05,0 % | 04,4 % | 02,2 % |
| 2011 | 42,4 % | 11,8 % | 25,0 % | 13,6 % | 03,3 % | – | 03,9 % |
| 2008 | 25,4 % | 11,1 % | 51,3 % | 07,7 % | 03,0 % | – | 01,4 % |
| 2004 | 21,7 % | 14,9 % | 55,8 % | 04,1 % | – | – | 03,5 % |
| 2001 | 28,0 % | 12,3 % | 33,5 % | 11,9 % | 00,2 % | – | 14,1 % |
| 1997 | 23,7 % | 16,2 % | 40,1 % | 07,4 % | 00,3 % | – | 12,3 % |
| 1993 | 26,1 % | 15,7 % | 34,7 % | 08,5 % | – | – | 15,0 % |
| 1991 | 30,4 % | 08,3 % | 46,9 % | 11,8 % | 00,2 % | – | 02,4 % |
| 1987 | 30,9 % | 06,7 % | 48,1 % | 13,8 % | – | – | 00,5 % |
| 1986 | 25,0 % | 10,0 % | 52,4 % | 12,1 % | – | – | 00,5 % |
| Dec. 1982 | 30,1 % | 07,3 % | 55,1 % | 07,1 % | – | – | 00,4 % |
| Jun. 1982 | 24,3 % | 08,1 % | 58,3 % | 07,8 % | – | – | 01,5 % |
| 1978 | 27,4 % | 04,7 % | 56,7 % | 08,5 % | – | – | 02,7 % |
| 1974 | 22,0 % | – | 60,6 % | 14,3 % | – | – | 03,1 % |
| 1970 | 32,3 % | – | 50,1 % | 13,6 % | – | – | 04,0 % |
| 1966 | 34,7 % | – | 47,9 % | 11,9 % | – | – | 05,5 % |
# There Was an Old Woman (novel)

There Was an Old Woman is a novel published in 1943 by Ellery Queen, byname of American writers Manfred B. Lee and Frederic Dannay. It is a mystery novel primarily set in New York City, US.

## Plot summary

Mrs. Cornelia Potts is the elderly matriarch of the Potts family, and their large fortune was earned by the manufacture of shoes, so when a murder mystery takes place at their New York estate, it's not surprising that the newspapers refer frequently to "the Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe". Cornelia has had two husbands—one deceased, one living in the household—and three children by each. Her children by her first husband are all extremely eccentric. Thurlow Potts engages in dozens of lawsuits to protect the family honor; Louella believes herself to be a great chemist and inventor, a sentiment shared by no one else; and Horatio, an adult, is determined to live the lifestyle of a child of six. By contrast, her other three children by her second husband are relatively sane—the twins Robert and Maclyn, who run the business, and the beautiful Sheila. Thurlow's lawyer Charley Paxton is engaged to Sheila and invites Ellery Queen to dinner at the Potts mansion to meet the family. Thurlow challenges Robert to a duel, using revolvers from which the bullets have been carefully extracted but, when the duel is fought, Robert is shot dead because the bullets have been returned to the gun. Next, his twin Maclyn is shot in his bed, and the body is found with whip marks on his face next to a dish of broth. As Ellery postulates that the murders are somehow tied to the nursery rhyme, the next death is that of the Old Woman herself. She dies of heart failure and leaves behind a confession to the first two murders. It is only at the marriage of Charley and Sheila that Ellery finally realizes the truth of the bizarre events and unmasks the real criminal.

## Literary significance and criticism

After many popular mystery novels, a radio program and a number of movies, the character of Ellery Queen was at this point firmly established. This novel returns to the unrealistic puzzle-mystery format of earlier years, in which realism in characterization and plotting is sacrificed to the need to make events fit into the nursery-rhyme format. At the end of the novel, Sheila announces that, in order to escape the stigma associated with her heritage, she is changing her name to "Nikki Porter"; Nikki Porter is Ellery's romantic interest that was developed in radio and film but not seen in novels before this time.
# Ramsey–Lewis method

The Ramsey–Lewis method is a method for defining terms found in theoretical frameworks (such as in scientific theories), credited to mathematician Frank P. Ramsey and philosopher David K. Lewis. By using this method, a set of theoretical terms appearing in a theory can be defined implicitly by the assertions of the theory itself.

## Overview

A scientific theory which attempts to describe "electrons" is inherently abstract, as no one has ever observed an electron directly. Thus, the origin and content of the concept of "electron" is questionable. What does the word exactly signify? Ramsey and Lewis proposed that the meaning of the term "electron" is implicitly generated by the scientific theory that describes it, via all its assertions about electrons. Electrons are those things about which all the statements of the theory are true.
However, some of those statements in a theory refer to other unobserved entities and properties such as "charge" or "spin". For instance, "Electrons attract protons" and "Electrons have negative charge" employ the terms "protons" and "negative charge" (with the latter also implicitly using the concept of "charge"). These properties are formalized, statements (such as conditionals) are formed using them, and those statements taken together are the definition of the term.
Consider a sentence such as "There's an electron in the sink." This means something along the lines of: "There exist some properties P$_1$, P$_2$, ..., P$_n$ ( one for every theoretical property involved in the scientific theory, with 'electronhood' (which roughly corresponds to the essence of an electron included as P$_1$) such that... (a statement in the scientific theory, but with P$_1$, ..., P$_n$ substituted for the specific terms such as 'charge', 'is an electron', etc. employed by the theory), and there is something in the sink that has P$_1$."
The process of converting the narrative form of a scientific theory into second-order logic is commonly called "Ramsification" (sometimes also spelled "Ramseyfication").
Example: Suppose there are only three principles in our scientific theory about electrons (those principles can be seen to be statements involving the properties):
A1. Electrons (things that have P1) have charge (P2).
A2. Things with charge (P2) tickle you.
A3. Electrons (things that have P1) cause lightning.
Furthermore, we include the property of "electronhood", as outlined above, to be designated by P$_1$, and the property of "charge" to be designated by P$_2$.
Then the meaning of a sentence such as "I have an electron in my pocket" is Ramsified into:
"There are properties P$_1$ and P$_2$ such that (things with P$_1$ also have P$_2$, and things with P$_2$ tickle you, and things with P$_1$ cause lightning, and there is a thing with P$_1$ in my pocket)." (Toraldo di Francia 1981, p. 74, who cites Ramsey 2013.)
# Bangwinji language

Bangwinji (Bangjinge) is one of the Savanna languages of Gombe State, eastern Nigeria. Their ethnonym is Báŋjìŋèb (pl.; sg. form: Báŋjìŋè).
There are two dialects, Kaalɔ́ and Naabáŋ. Bangwinji had originally settled in Kaalɔ́ and Naabáŋ in the northern Muri Mountains, and have since moved down into the plains.
# Humberto Guerra Allison

Humberto Guerra Allison (born 1940), is a physician and scientist. He graduated from Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (MD) and Baylor College of Medicine (PhD in Microbiology). With Hugo Lumbreras, he co-founded a Tropical Medicine Institute at Cayetano Heredia University, the Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt at Lima, Peru. Guerra later directed the Institute.
Guerra's research focuses on the pathogenesis and immunology of bacterial diseases including brucellosis, leishmania and tuberculosis. He is the head of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at the IMT AvH.j

## Sources

The Peru Report's Guide to Top People in Peru. Vol 1, p 303, 1992
# Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association

The Catholic Secondary Schoolgirls' Sports Association (CaSSSA) is a sporting association for girls from fourteen Catholic secondary schools based in south-east Queensland, Australia. Competition is offered to girls from Years 7 to 12.
The association was formed in 2014 as an amalgamation of the Catholic Secondary Girls' Schools Sports Association (CSGSSA, which organised Swimming, Athletics, and Cross country), the Catholic Schools Tennis Association (CSTA, founded in 1930) and the Brisbane School Girls Sports Association (BSGSA, founded in 1996 and organising other team sports).
The championships for Swimming, Cross Country, and Track and Field (Athletics) are split into two competitions. The larger schools (9 in total) compete for the CaSSSA Cup while the other schools (5 in total) compete for the CaSSSA Shield.

## Schools
### Members

| School | mLocationm | Enrolment | Year founded | Denomin­ation | Gender(s) | Day/ boarding | Entered competition |
| All Hallows' School | Fortitude Valley | 1586 | 1861 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Brigidine College | Indooroopilly | 852 | 1929 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Downlands College | Toowoomba | 911 | 1931 | Catholic | Girls and Boys | Day & Boarding | 2014 |
| Loreto College | Coorparoo | 901 | 1928 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Lourdes Hill College | Hawthorne | 1260 | 1916 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Mary MacKillop College | Nundah | 633 | 1964 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Mt Alvernia College | Kedron | 950 | 1956 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Mt St Michael's College | Ashgrove | 875 | 1929 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Our Lady’s College | Annerley | 318 | 1964 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| St John Fisher College | Bracken Ridge | 598 | 1981 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| St Mary's College | Ipswich | 686 | 1863 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| St Rita’s College | Clayfield | 1043 | 1926 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| San Sisto College | Carina | 852 | 1961 | Catholic | Girls | Day | 2014 |
| Stuartholme School | Toowong | 678 | 1920 | Catholic | Girls | Day & Boarding | 2014 |

## Sports

A range of sports are offered during each trimester within a year.
Trimester 1 :
| Sport | Year level |
| Swimming | 7–12 |
| Australian football | 7–12 |
| Touch football Volleyball | 7–8 9–12 |
| Tennis | 7–12 |
Trimester 2 :
| Sport | Year level |
| Cross country running | 7–12 |
| Football (soccer) | 7–12 |
| Netball Volleyball | 9–12 7–8 |
Trimester 3 :
| Sport | Year level |
| Athletics (track and field) | 7–12 |
| Basketball | 7–12 |
| Netball Touch football | 7–8 9–12 |
# Thelcticopis kirankhalapi

Thelcticopis kirankhalapi is a species of huntsman spider endemic to India.

## Range

Thelcticopis kirankhalapi is endemic to Karnataka, India. Its type of locality is a small patch of ‘Kans’ forest in Hosanagara, Shivamogga, Karnataka.

## Habitat & ecology

Thelcticopis kirankhalapi is classified as a mid-sized, foliage dwelling, presumably nocturnal, orange-brown, ambush hunting sparassid.

## Etymology

Thelcticopis kirankhalapi is named after Mr. Kiran Khalap, Managing Director & co-founder of Chlorophyll Brand and Communications Consultancy.
# Roy Thurik

Aadrian Roy Thurik (born 3 April 1952) is a Dutch economist who is professor of Entrepreneurship and Economics at Montpellier Business School in France. He is also an emeritus professor at both the Free University in Amsterdam and Erasmus University Rotterdam.
# Gmina Mircze

Gmina Mircze is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Hrubieszów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. Its seat is the village of Mircze, which lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Hrubieszów and 115 km (71 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
The gmina covers an area of 233.82 square kilometres (90.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,780 (7,579 in 2013).
# Groß Glienicke

Groß Glienicke is a village located both in Berlin and Potsdam, the capital of the German state of Brandenburg. Until 2003, when it was merged into Potsdam, the Brandenburg—and main—side, was an autonomous municipality. The Berlin side is part of Kladow in the Spandau district.

## Overview

The district contains an area of 6.37 square miles (16.5 km$^2$) and has a population of 3,172 inhabitants. The principal geographic feature is the Groß Glienicker See (lake). The former Saxon Crown Prince Georg, who had renounced his royal heritage to become a Jesuit priest, drowned in the Groß Glienicker See on May 14, 1943, allegedly murdered by the Gestapo. The area is largely forested and surrounded by historic manor houses and former royal estates.