# International Federation of Textile Workers' Associations

The International Federation of Textile Workers' Association (IFTWA) was a global union federation bringing together unions of textile workers, principally in Europe.

## History

The federation's origins lay in the International Textile Congress, held in Manchester, in England, in 1894. The congress was organised on the initiative of James Mawdsley and David Holmes, and of the 179,000 workers represented, 150,000 were covered by the British unions. Other representatives came from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the United States. The European delegates pushed a more socialist approach, focusing on political action. The congress agreed to establish an international organisation, and to campaign for a maximum eight-hour working day.
For the first few years, the federation did little beyond organise further conferences. The European delegates argued unsuccessfully for the creation of an international strike fund, and successfully for the appointment of a general secretary to organise action. William Marsland was appointed in 1905, and initially proved successful, learning French and publishing a quarterly newsletter. However, his decision to publish an obituary for Edward VII proved highly controversial, and he stood down, to be replaced by Tom Shaw.
The organisation became inactive during World War I, but was re-established in 1920, and affiliated to the International Federation of Trade Unions. Reductions in the working week were achieved over the next few years, and the federation agreed to establish a full-time secretariat, to be based in Manchester. James Bell was appointed as general secretary, but after a year was replaced by Shaw. Shaw was in government between 1929 and 1931, but continued on an unpaid basis, and then resumed the full-time position.
Under Shaw's leadership, the federation investigated working conditions in India and China, and made some limited efforts to encourage trade unionism in India. An international 40-hour working week was agreed by the International Labour Organization, but never enacted, due to the outbreak of World War II. After the war, James Stott led successful efforts to reconstruct the federation.
In 1960, the federation merged with the International Garment Workers' Federation, forming the International Textile and Garment Workers' Federation.

## Affiliates

In 1954, the following unions were affiliated to the federation:
| Union | Country | Affiliated membership |
| All India Federation of Textile Unions | India | 90,000 |
| Danish Textile Workers' Union | Denmark | 26,299 |
| General Industrial Union of Textiles and Clothing | Netherlands | 10,110 |
| Italian Federation of Textile Workers | Italy | 200,000 |
| Italian Union of Textile Workers | Italy | 20,000 |
| Japan Federation of Textile Workers' Unions | Japan | 200,000 |
| National Federation of Textiles | France | 18,000 |
| National Union of Dyers, Bleachers and Textile Workers | United Kingdom | 74,000 |
| Norwegian Union of Textile Workers | Norway | 11,879 |
| Pakistan Textile Workers' Federation | Pakistan | 20,000 |
| Swedish Textile Workers' Union | Sweden | 44,239 |
| Textile and Clothing Union | West Germany | 275,000 |
| Textile and Knitting Workers' Union | Finland | 6,000 |
| Textile Workers Union of America | United States | 264,000 |
| Union of Belgian Textile Workers | Belgium | 65,190 |
| Union of Textile, Clothing and Leather Workers | Austria | 65,000 |
| Union of Textile and Factory Workers | Switzerland | 12,000 |
| United Textile Factory Workers' Association | United Kingdom | 172,770 |

## General Secretaries

    1893: James Mawdsley
    1895: Ferdinand Hardijns
    1897: William Henry Wilkinson
    1905: William Marsland
    1911: Tom Shaw
    1924: James Bell
    1925: Tom Shaw
    1938: Arthur Shaw (acting)
    1939: James Stott
    1949: Jack Greenhalgh