OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Samo Chalupka

Samo Chalupka (27 February 1812 – 19 May 1883) was a Slovak Lutheran priest and romantic poet.

## Life

Samo Chalupka was a younger brother of Ján Chalupka, another Slovak writer. Samo studied at the Evangelical Lutheran Lyceum in Bratislava and also in Vienna. He studied theology and philosophy. When an uprising against Russia broke out in Poland in 1830, Samo Chalupka interrupted his long studies and fought on the Polish side. He was injured in 1831 and returned to Bratislava. He was the oldest member of the Ľudovít Štúr generation of the Slovak national revival. He was one of the founders and active members of the Czech-Slovak Society.

## Creation

He started writing in the so-called Czech biblical language while studying at lyceum in Bratislava. His debut poems were published in the almanac Plody (Fruit), in 1836. His works includes themes such as Slovak nature, patriotism and loyalty to his homeland and people. He often used Slovak folk songs in his works. In the 1840s, he joined the Slovak national revival led by Ľudovít Štúr because he wanted to codify the language of his nation. His first poem compilation Spevy (Vocals, 1868) was about this topic.

## Works
### Poetry

* 1829 - Repertorium dispositionum
* 1834 - Koníku moj vraný Heje
* 1834 - Nářek slovenský
* 1834 - Píseň vojenská
* 1864 - Mor ho!
* 1868 - Spevy:
** Likavský väzeň (original Jánošíkova náumka)
** Kráľoholská
** Branko
** Kozák (original Syn vojny)
** Turčín Poničan
** Boj pri Jelšave
** Odboj Kupov
* Vojenská
* Juhoslovanom
* Bolo i bude
* Večer pod Tatrou
* Při návratu do vlasti
* Smutek
* Toužba po vlasti
* Má vlast

### Translations

* 1843 - Pálenka otrava, translation of Heinrich Zschokke Brandweinpest
# Sol Halperin

Sol Halperin (February 16, 1902 – May 4, 1977) was an American special effects artist as well as a cinematographer. He was nominated at the 18th Academy Awards for Best Special Effects, for the film Captain Eddie. His nomination was shared with Fred Sersen, Roger Heman Sr. and Harry M. Leonard.
His nephew is Academy Award nominee Richard H. Kline.

## Selected filmography
### Special effects

* Stanley and Livingstone (1939)
* Fallen Angel (1945)
* Leave Her to Heaven (1945)
* Captain Eddie (1945)
* Johnny Comes Flying Home (1946)
* Centennial Summer (1946)

### As a cinematographer

* Wild West Romance (1928)
* Girl-Shy Cowboy (1928)
* Taking a Chance (1928) (as Sol Halprin)
* Married in Hollywood (1929)
* Double Cross Roads (1930)
* The Robe (1953); co-developed the CinemaScope process with Gordon Laube and Earl Ira Sponable
# Flying Laptop

The German Flying Laptop satellite, launched on 14 July 2017 on a Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, hosts the OSIRISv1 laser communications experiment. The satellite has a total mass of 110 kg. It operates at a 600 kilometres (370 mi) Sun-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 97.6 degrees.
The satellite is part of the Stuttgart Small Satellite Program, a program led by the German Space Agency.
Optical communications tests have been carried out with ground stations in Japan, Europe, and Canada, with a data rate of up to 200 Mbit/s, from orbit to ground only.
The two fixed lasers of OSIRISv1 are aimed at ground stations by 'body pointing', attitude control of the entire satellite, using four reaction wheels. The reaction wheels can be desaturated using three internal magnetorquers.
Flying Laptop carries a de-orbit mechanism called DOM2500 developed by Tohoku University and manufactured by Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd., which upon activation will unfurl a sail to increase atmospheric drag. The device will be used at the end of the satellite mission.
# Altefähr

Altefähr is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

## Transport

* Altefähr railway station is served by local services between Rostock, Stralsund and Sassnitz.
# Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees

The Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) was an organisation involved in academic research and information provision on asylum seekers and refugees in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2000, ICAR was initially based at King's College London. The organisation subsequently moved to City, University of London but, following withdrawal of support from City as a result of funding cuts, it moved into offices shared with the Runnymede Trust. In January 2015, the Black Cultural Archives contacted the Living Refugee Archives at the University of East London (UEL) about a deposit of materials from the Runnymede Trust. Selected materials from ICAR were subsequently identified for transfer to the UEL archives.
# Snježana Tribuson

Snježana Tribuson (born 8 February 1957) is a Croatian screenwriter and film director. She directed more than ten films since 1981. In 1998 she won the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay for the film The Three Men of Melita Žganjer.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1998 | The Three Men of Melita Žganjer | | |
| 2002 | God Forbid a Worse Thing Should Happen | | |
# Prague City Hall

Prague City Hall (Czech: Magistrát hlavního města Prahy) is the municipal and regional office of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is formed by the Chief Executive of Prague City Hall and other employees of the City of Prague included in this body. Prague City Hall performs tasks assigned by Prague City Assembly or Prague City Council, which are democratically elected. As of 2017, it employed 2,091 people and had a budget of 65,193 billion CZK (2,58 billion EUR).
Employees of Prague City Hall are located mainly in two buildings within the Prague city centre – in the New City Hall and in the Škoda Palace.
Its scope is defined by the Act on the City of Prague in the Czech law and the City Decree on the Statute of the City of Prague.
On September 23, 2019, the municipality announced a new selection procedure, to which candidates could apply until October 31, 2019. According to information from Lidové noviny, former mayor Adriana Krnáčová, among others, applied for the selection process. 6 applicants participated in the selection process. Krnáčová did not appear for the written tests, which are part of the selection process, because she was abroad on all the dates offered. Jiřina Vorlová resigned from the selection process. The remaining 4 applicants were thus invited to an oral interview: Tomáš Havel, Marta Kopecká, Karel Bláha and Radka Říhová.
# Prague Declaration (disambiguation)

Prague Declaration (Pražská deklarace) may refer to any number of declarations signed in Prague, since 1994 capital of the Czech Republic:
* 2016 – Prague Declaration signed by several European anti-Islam groups led by the German Pegida movement.
* 2012 – Prague Declaration signed by several members of various European Pirate Parties expressing the intent to cooperate on the creation of a common election program for the European Parliament election in 2014, on election campaigns and on realisation of said programme in the EP.
* 2009 – The Prague Declaration of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group - a document containing the founding principles of the European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament.
* 2008 – Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism
* 2002 – Prague Summit Declaration, issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council during the 2002 Prague Summit.
* 2000 – Declaration adopted at the Forum 2000 annual meeting.
# Samuel Bill

Samuel Alexander Bill MBE (10 December 1864 – 24 January 1942) was an Irish Christian missionary, explorer and the founder of the Qua Iboe Mission (later renamed Mission Africa).

## Early life

Bill was raised in Ballymacarrett Presbyterian Church, east Belfast, but was most notably associated with Island Street Belfast City Mission Hall. His interest in missionary work was sparked by a visit to Belfast by Dwight L. Moody and Ira D. Sankey in 1874. He attended the Harley Missionary Training College in London, then under the leadership of Henry Grattan Guinness; and travelled to Nigeria to commence a work amongst the Ibeno people in 1887. The mission base was founded on the banks of the Qua Iboe River, and this base gave the name to the independent interdenominational mission that Bill founded in 1890. Bill was seen as a practical missionary, learning the Efik language, working with the Annang people, planting crops and running a trading station.
He was created a Member of the British Empire in 1938.
Bill was a contemporary of Mary Slessor. Although not as well known as his Scottish counterpart, Bill's legacy is twofold. First, many historians of the Irish evangelical missionary movement note that he was one of the most influential men of his time, inspiring many in Ireland to overseas Christian service. The Qua Iboe Mission grew to be one of the largest and most successful missions in the UK. Secondly, the church that he founded, the Qua Iboe Church has grown to considerable proportions, numbering at least 2 million strong in 2007, and his memory is still strongly revered by many Nigerian Christians today. A theological college at Abak in southern Nigeria is named in his honour.

## Family

Bill married Grace and they had two children, a daughter and a son named John Alexander Paterson Bill; his son had planned to join his father’s missionary work, but was killed on 16 August 1917 during the Battle of Langemarck.
Bill's papers are held at the PRONI offices in Belfast.
# Samuel Bignold

Sir Samuel Bignold DL (13 October 1791 – 2 January 1875) was a British businessman with insurances and Conservative politician.

## Background

Born in Norwich, he was the third and youngest son of Thomas Bignold and his wife Sarah, widow of Julius Long and daughter of Samuel Cocksedge. He was educated at schools in Norwich and Bury St Edmunds.

## Career

From 1814, he worked as secretary for the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Company and from 1818 had the same office for the Norwich Union Life Assurance Society, both founded by his father. Although an admirer of Benjamin Disraeli, he rejected the latter's rather dubious request of a loan by the Society; however, after a meeting lent the money from personal funds. In 1866, he arranged the incorporation of the Amicable Society, Britain's oldest life insurance institution.
Bignold was appointed Sheriff of Norwich in 1830 and was mayor of that city in the years 1833, 1848, 1853 and lastly 1872. He presented a note of support of the Crimean War from the city of Norwich to the Parliament in 1854, for which he was created a Knight Bachelor. Shortly thereafter, he entered the British House of Commons and sat for Norwich in the following three years. Bignold served as Deputy Lieutenant of Norfolk.

## Family

In 1815, he married Elizabeth, the only child of William Atkins and had by her six sons and seven daughters. He died in 1875 at Bignold House, which he had bought in 1820 and then had become his head office, and was buried at St Margaret, Old Catton. He left property worth about £120,000 (probate granted 15 February 1875).
Bignold's fourth son, Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Bignold (1831–1895) served as Mayor of Norwich between 1894 and 1895, Deputy Lieutenant of Norfolk, and leader of the Conservative Party in that city after 1875.
# Samuel Birch

Samuel Birch may refer to:
* Samuel Birch (Egyptologist) (1813–1885), British Egyptologist and antiquary
* Lamorna Birch (Samuel John Birch, 1869–1955), English artist
* Samuel Birch (athlete) (born 1963), Liberian Olympic sprinter
* Samuel Birch (Lord Mayor of London) (1757–1840), Lord Mayor of London
* Samuel Birch (British Army officer) (1735–1811), compiler of the Book of Negroes and namesake of Birchtown, Nova Scotia
# Alovera

Alovera is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2015 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 12,247 inhabitants.

## History

Since the discovery of a Roman cupae (a tomb) in 1999 in the restoration of the St. Michael´s Church, we know there was a Roman settlement in Alovera. This cupae was dated in the 1st or 2nd century. Juan Manuel Abascal and Armin Stylow, from Universidad de Alcalá, concluded that the text written on the cupae was "(monument to) Pompeyo Fusco, 60 years old. It was commissioned by his wife Antonia Melusa". Apart from the cupae, it is thought that one of the column bases of the St. Michael´s Church belonged to the peristyle of a Roman villa.
We also know there was a Visigothic settlement in Alovera thanks to a couple of brooches which are on display at Museo Arquelógico Nacional in Madrid. This brooches, known as fibulas, were made in the 6th century using the cloisonné technique.
The first documents to mention Alovera were written in the 16th century. By then, Alovera was a farmer settlement which lands belonged to the monasteries of St. Bartholomew of Lupiana, St. Clair and St. Bernard.
In the 16th century, St. Michael´s Church was built by master Nicolás de Ribero helped by Juan de Buerga and Juan Ballesteros. In 1690 finished the construction. The church is composed of three naves, a bell tower and an atrium. The main altarpiece was built in the 17th century by Juan, Pedro and Francisco González, followers of classical manichaeism. Also, there are a St. Gregory altarpiece made by the disciples of Juan de Borgoña and Juan Correa de Vivar and, in the sacristy, a Pieta painting by Willem Key.
In 1626, Felipe II gives to Alovera the title of villa. Then, the Villahermosa de Alovera was sold to Lorenza de Sotomayor, marquess of Alovera. Nowadays, there is still a marquess of Alovera.

## Government
### Municipal elections (2015)

* Alternativa Alovera, 5 councillors (+2)
** Maria Purificación Tortuero Pliego, mayor and councillor of human resources and intern regime, civic protection, education and culture and internal revenue.
** Juan Antonio Ruiz Moratilla, first mayor deputy and councillor of management of urban developments, infrastructure and environment and mobility.
** María Jesús Payo Cabas, second mayor deputy and councillor of neighbours and participation, communications and new technologies and economic promotion and business.
** Juan Ramón Arenal Enríquez, councillor of sports and festivities.
** María Dolores Trigo Campos, councillor of social welfare and equality and family and youth.
* PP (People´s Party), 5 councillors (-2)
** Juan Carlos Martín Martínez
** José Luis Peña Velasco
** José Luis Torres Jiménez
** María Dolores Llorca Pereira
** Gema Taravillo Barrero
* Ahora Alovera (Unidos Podemos), 3 councillors (+3)
** Celia Rollón Blanco
** Julián Martínez Pérez
** Ana Isabel del Val Rodríguez
* PSOE (Socialist Party), 2 councillors (-3)
** Ángel Mora Blanco
** Antonia Recuero Navarro
* Cs (Ciudadanos), 2 councillors (+2)
** Marta Usano Pradillo
** José María González Martínez
# Sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate

Sodium 2-anthraquinonesulfonate (AMS) is a water-soluble anthraquinone derivative. In the laboratory it can be prepared by sulfonation of anthraquinone.

## Digester additive in papermaking

AMS is used as a catalyst in the production of alkaline pulping in the soda process. It goes through a redox cycle similar to that of anthraquinone to give a catalytic effect. AMS was discovered as an efficient pulping catalyst before anthraquinone, but has a higher cost.
# Alspath

Alspath (early spelling Ailespede) is first recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book and was the ancient name of the original settlement in what is known today as the parish of Meriden, West Midlands (originally Warwickshire) situated between Birmingham and Coventry. The name means "Aelles path across the heath".
Alspath was held in two main manors. The first Manor of Alspath (overlordship) was first held by Countess Godiva during the reign of Edward the Confessor when she was known as Lady of the Manor of Alspath. It is likely that a church dedicated to Saint Edmund was founded here by Lady Godiva, but although documentary records have been uncovered no physical remains have been found. Over the years Alspath became a place for people to go for healing.
The following Lords and Ladies of Alspath, heirs and individuals were:
* Countess Godiva (1066) Tenant-in-chief (1086)
* Nicholas (thought to be a royal agent) (1086)
* Earl of Chester (pre 1235)
* Hugh d'Aubigny (1235)
* The Segrave family (mid 13C)
* The Earls of Derby (late 15C/early16C)
Under the overlord, the Manor of Alspath, a 'Knight's Fee' in the feudal system, was held by Ivo de Ellespathe in 1155. After his death the estate was split into five - see Meriden, West Midlands - the sizes of which waxed and waned over the years. The following Lords and Ladies of Alspath, heirs and individuals were:
* Alice de Ellespathe
* Gerard de Alspath II (1257)
* Walter de Alspath (Lord of Alspath) (ca. 1282)
* William de Alspath (1304)
* Gerard de Alspath III
* Willian Cockes
* Margery Cockes
* John Chetwynd (ca. 1500)
* Thomas and Joan Chetwynd (1546)
* John Hales (1548)
* Christopher Hales (1551)
* Edward Aglionby (1554)
* Elizabeth Holbech
* Thomas Dabridgecourt
* Edward Aglionby (1564)
* William Foster (1568)
* Richard Corbet(t) of Clattercote (1584)
* Robert Corbet(t), of Moreton Corbett
* Sir Henry and Elizabeth (née. Corbet(t)Wallop of Farleigh (pre 1609)
* William Andrews and John Halsall (1609)
* Thomas Holbech (1612)
* Matthew Holbech (1706–1713)
# Prapreče pri Straži

Prapreče pri Straži (pronounced) is a small settlement in the Municipality of Straža in southeastern Slovenia. It lies just south of Potok. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

## Name

The name of the settlement was changed from Prapreče to Prapreče pri Gorenji Straži in 1953. The name was changed again to Prapreče pri Straži in 1988.
# Follow the Money

Follow the money is a catchphrase popularized by the 1976 drama-documentary motion picture All The President's Men.
Follow the Money may also refer to:
* Follow the Money (TV series), a Danish financial crime thriller first broadcast in 2016
* "Follow the Money", a 2017 episode of Family Guy
* OpenSecrets, an American nonprofit organization that tracks campaign finance data that owns the website FollowTheMoney.org
# Follow the Other Hand

Follow The Other Hand. A Remarkable Fable That Will Energize Your Business, Profits and Life is a business book by Duke CE faculty and NYU adjunct professor Andy Cohen. Published in 2006, Follow The Other Hand was reviewed by Paul S. Brown of The New York Times and featured in many business magazines.

## Overview

This book is a business novella using magic as a metaphor to change the readers’ behavior and empower the reader to think out of the box. The author believes that Innovation begins by challenging assumptions. The term, Follow the Other Hand, is derived from a sleight of hand magic trick that reminds people that what they assume to be true is actually a belief. And if they follow that belief they will be misdirected such as in magic. But if they challenge the assumption; in essence, follow the other hand, they will find the secret or a new business solution that did not exist before. The book uses lessons instead of chapters. Each lesson ends with instructions for a magic trick supporting the premise of that lesson.

## Case Histories

The book includes business case histories of companies large and small that challenge the assumptions of their competitors to create successful products and services. Case histories include: Axe (Lynx), a body spray, manufactured by Unilever; OnStar, a telematic service from General Motors, Build-A-Bear Workshop, a retail operation created by Maxine Clark, Proofreadnow.com, an innovative online service, M&M's, a confectionery manufactured by Mars Incorporated, Jones Soda, a soft drink manufacturer and Crest Spinbrush, a packaged good products created from a partnership between John Osher and Procter & Gamble.
# Flickinger Center for Performing Arts

Flickinger Center for Performing Arts is a 590-seat theater in Alamogordo, New Mexico. This is also the name of the nonprofit organization that operates the theater. The Flickinger Center put on a variety of entertainment, including concerts, plays, musicals, dance recitals, and beauty pageants, both by professional stage companies and by local amateur groups.

## History

The nonprofit Alamogordo Civic Auditorium, Inc. was created in 1983 to provide a facility for the performing arts in Alamogordo and Otero County. In 1988 Alamogordo resident Margaret Flickinger bought the Sierra Theater, a 1950s-style movie theater,$^{:65}$ and donated it to the organization.$^{:8–10}$ The theater and the organization were renamed Flickinger Center for the Performing Arts. The inaugural performance at the theater was in December 1988 by the New Mexico Symphony Orchestra. The inaugural season started in October 1992.
The building has undergone two major renovations. In 1990–1991 the Flickinger Center organization ran a capital campaign that raised $1 million, until then the largest fund-raising campaign ever held in Alamogordo.$^{:65}$ The movie theater was converted into a live theater by creating a 40-foot (12 m) by 32-foot (9.8 m) stage and adding an orchestra pit, dressing rooms, a wardrobe and orchestra room, and additional lighting.$^{:8–10}$ A second round of renovation was performed in 2007, after securing capital outlay grants of $1 million from the State of New Mexico. This renovation provided additional restrooms, a new sound booth, a handicapped-seating area, and an ADA-compliant ramp. At the end of the second renovation the theater had given up 90 seats and seated 590.

## Governance and operation

In 2003 the organization transferred ownership of the building to the County of Otero, and received a lease on the property with an option to purchase. Ownership was transferred so that state funding could be used to renovate the building. The organization pays no rent, but provides services to Otero County including some performances that are free to County residents.
The Flickinger Guild, founded in 1991, is a volunteer group that does most of the operating work of the Center, and does some fundraising.

## Programs

The Flickinger Center presents a variety of entertainment, including concerts, plays, musicals, dance recitals, and beauty pageants. Shows include both professional stage productions and local amateur groups.
Alamogordo Music Theater, a local amateur group, has performed most of its shows since 1989 at the Center. During the summer the Flickinger Center organization presents the Tailgate Summer Jazz Series, outdoor concerts performed in the parking lot of the New Mexico Museum of Space History. The Miss New Mexico Scholarship Pageant is held each June at the Flickinger Center; it has been held in Alamogordo since 1998.