OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Snapback (electrical)

Snapback is a mechanism in a bipolar transistor in which avalanche breakdown or impact ionization provides a sufficient base current to turn on the transistor. It is used intentionally in the design of certain ESD protection devices integrated onto semiconductor chips. It can also be a parasitic failure mechanism when activated inadvertently, outwardly appearing much like latchup in that the chip seems to suddenly blow up when a high voltage is applied.
Snapback is initiated by a small current from collector to base. In the case of ESD protection devices, this current is caused by avalanche breakdown due to a sufficiently large voltage applied across the collector-base junction. In the case of parasitic failures, the initiating current may result from inadvertently turning on the bipolar transistor and a sufficiently large voltage across the collector and base causing impact ionization, with some of the generated carriers then acting as the initiating current as they flow into the base. Once this initiating current flows into the base, the transistor turns on and the collector voltage decreases to the snapback holding voltage. This voltage happens at the point where the processes of base current generation and the bipolar transistor turning on are in balance: the collector-emitter current of the bipolar transistor decreases the collector voltage, which results in a lower electric field, which results in a smaller impact ionization or avalanche current and thus smaller base current, which weakens the bipolar action.
# Alpman

Alpman is a Turkish surname. It may refer to:
* Ayten Alpman (1929–2012), Turkish female jazz and pop singer
* Fatma Serpil Alpman (born 1950), Turkish female diplomat and former ambassador
# Indianola (album)

Indianola is the third studio album by American country music artist Steve Azar. His first studio album since Waitin' on Joe from six years previous, it was initially to have been released in April 2006 on Midas Records Nashville, the same year that its lead-off single "You Don't Know a Thing" charted at #49 on the Billboard country charts. The album was not released until May 2008, on Azar's own Dang Records label. The follow-up single "I Won't Let You Lead Me Down" failed to chart in 2008 while the third single, "You're My Life", debuted at #57 on the Hot Country Songs chart in January 2009 becoming his first chart single in 3 years. The song "Crowded" was co-written by former Trick Pony member Ira Dean.

## Track listing

* "Crowded" (Steve Azar, Ira Dean, Jason Young) – 3:14
* "You Don't Know a Thing" (Azar, Radney Foster) – 4:04
* "You're My Life" (Azar, Foster) – 4:09
* "Still Tryin' to Find My Way Around" (Azar, Neal Coty, Phillip B. White) –3:43
* "Empty Spaces" (Azar, Rafe Van Hoy) – 4:34
* "What's Wrong with Right Now" (Azar, John Kennedy) – 3:36
* "The River's Workin'" (Azar, Van Hoy) – 6:02
* "I Won't Let You Lead Me Down" (Azar, Walt Wilkins) – 3:55
* "The Coach" (Azar, Coty, A. J. Masters) – 4:11
* "Prelude" (Azar) – 2:19
* "Flatlands" (Azar, Roger Murrah) – 4:59
* "Bluestune" (Azar, Young) – 4:12
** duet with Jason Young
* "Indianola" (Azar) – 4:34

## Personnel

* Steve Azar- acoustic guitar, lead vocals, background vocals
* Kelly Back- 12-string electric guitar, electric guitar
* Ira Dean- bass guitar, acoustic guitar, tambourine
* Mark Easterling- electric guitar, slide guitar
* Radney Foster- acoustic guitar, electric guitar, soloist
* Tommy Harden- drums
* A.J. Masters- bass guitar, acoustic guitar
* Dr. Rudy Miller- drums, shaker
* Gary Morse- banjo, dobro, steel guitar, Weissenborn
* John Wallum- Hammond B-3 organ
* Jason Young- congas, drums, harmonica, percussion, background vocals, duet vocals on "Bluestune"
* Jonathan Yudkin- mandolin, strings
# Saltis

Saltis may refer to:
* Saltis, a nickname of the Stockholm Observatory
* Asteroid 36614 Saltis, named after the observatory
* Saltis (surname)
# Smarts Quarry

Smarts Quarry is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Carmarthenshire, Wales, designated in 1987 for its geological features.

## SSSI

Smarts Quarry SSSI is located approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) east-north-east of Mynydd-y-Garreg, and covers 2.6 hectares (6.4 acres).
The SSSI citation for Smart Quarry specifies the importance of "abundant, bivalve produced, stellate feeding traces on a bedding surface" within the Namurian quartzite of the quarry. The citation finds such traces unique within the Namurian basal grits of South Wales and suggestive of an estuarine rather than a shoreline sedimentary deposition of the quarry stone.
# Almaz (disambiguation)

Almaz is a Soviet military space station program.
Almaz, meaning "diamond" in Amharic, Arabic, Russian and a number of other languages, may also refer to:

## Military

* Almaz (Belarus), a police tactical unit of the Belarusian Militsiya
* NPO Almaz, a Soviet/Russian military R&D enterprise
* Almaz-Antey, a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry
* Almaz Shipbuilding Company
* Russian cruiser Almaz, launched in 1903
* Almaz, a sister ship to the Russian research vessel Yantar

## Other

* "Almaz" (song), by US singer Randy Crawford from her 1986 album Abstract Emotions
* Almaz, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province
* Ahmet Almaz, Turkish journalist, translator, and non-fiction writer
* Excalibur Almaz, defunct spacecraft company based in the Isle of Man
* Wuling Almaz, a rebadged Baojun 530 compact SUV marketed by Wuling Motors for the Indonesian market
* A character in the video game Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice
* A Russian-made 135 mm camera with a Pentax K-mount
# Alphonso Van Marsh

Alphonso Van Marsh is an American journalist and war correspondent. He is based outside the United States.
Marsh was one of Cable News Network’s (CNN) first “Video Correspondents” in 2003. Marsh broke the story of Saddam Hussein’s capture while on assignment in Iraq in December 2003. He used CNN's digital newsgathering technology in place of traditional newsgathering crews.

## Background and journalism career

Born and raised in Medway, Massachusetts.
Marsh has reported from several countries and war zones. Marsh has embedded with American, British, Canadian and Egyptian troops on various assignments.
Marsh has spent most of his journalism career in the Middle East and Africa, having been based in Cairo, Istanbul, Nairobi and Johannesburg.
As a general assignment reporter based out of CNN's London bureau, Marsh has covered topics ranging from the Royal Family to the inquest into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales.

## Awards and recognition

In 2004, Marsh won a National Headliner Award for his reporting of Saddam Hussein's capture.
# Saltara

Saltara is a frazione of the comune of Colli al Metauro in the province of Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, central Italy. It is on a 120-metre (390 ft) hill overlooking the lower Metauro valley. It was a separate comune until 1 January 2017.
Before World War II Saltara was a center of pallone col bracciale playing.

## Main sights

* Remains of the medieval castle
* Former church of Fonte (1595)
* Sanctuary of Madonna della Villa
* Convent of San Francesco di Rovereto
* Science Museum of Villa del Balì
# Sleeping Beauty (song)

"Sleeping Beauty" is a song by Australian rock band Divinyls. It was released in December 1985 as the fourth single from their second studio album What a Life!. The song proved to be a minor success in Australia when it peaked at number fifty.

## Background

"Sleeping Beauty" was written by Mark McEntee and lead singer Christina Amphlett. The song was produced by Mike Chapman, who also went on to produce the final recording stages of What a Life! and Divinyls next album Temperamental.

## Track listing
### Australian 7" Single

* "Sleeping Beauty" - 3:38
* "Motion" - 3:36

### Australian & German 12" Single

* "Sleeping Beauty" (Extended Mix) - 5:01
* "Motion" - 3:36
* "Sleeping Beauty" (Instrumental) - 3:36

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak position |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 50 |
# So Fresh: The Hits of Autumn 2002

So Fresh: The Hits of Autumn 2002 is a compilation of songs that were popular in Australia in summer 2002. The album was released on 25 March 2002.

## Track listing

* Sophie Ellis-Bextor – "Murder on the Dancefloor" (3:47)
* 112 – "Dance with Me" (3:58)
* Shakaya – "Stop Calling Me" (3:37)
* Ja Rule featuring Case – "Livin' It Up" (4:18)
* Nickelback – "How You Remind Me" (3:43)
* Alcazar – "Crying at the Discoteque" (3:51)
* Jennifer Lopez – "I'm Real" (3:15)
* Alicia Keys – "Fallin'" (3:30)
* St. Lunatics featuring Nelly – "Batter Up" (4:12)
* Blu Cantrell – "Hit 'Em Up Style (Oops!)" (4:10)
* Mary J. Blige – "Family Affair" (4:00)
* Jagged Edge featuring Nelly – "Where the Party At" (3:54)
* Natalie Imbruglia – "That Day" (4:42)
* Nikki Webster – "The Best Days" (3:23)
* Christina Milian – "AM to PM" (3:51)
* Killing Heidi – "Heavensent" (4:30)
* Jamiroquai – "You Give Me Something" (3:18)
* Anastacia – "Paid My Dues" (3:20)
* Tina Arena – "Dare You to Be Happy" (4:11)
* Kosheen – "Hide U" (John Creamer & Stephane K Remix Edit) (4:13)

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Peak Position | Certification |
| 2002 | ARIA Compilations Chart | 1 | 3× Platinum |
# Sam Dockery

Samuel Dockery (1929 – December 21, 2015), nicknamed Sure-Footed Sam, was a hard bop pianist and well-respected musician on the Philadelphia jazz scene since the early 1950s. Dockery was born in Camden, New Jersey. He appears on 11 recordings as the pianist for Art Blakey & the Jazz Messengers and composed "Sam's Tune" which appears on their 1957 Blue Note recording Ritual. In 1963 he was the pianist for Betty Carter's extended engagement at Birdland, and headed The Sam Dockery Trio in Philadelphia during the 1990s. He also taught at Philadelphia's University of the Arts. He died in a nursing home in 2015, aged 86. His brother was bassist Wayne Dockery.

## Discography

With Art Blakey
* Hard Bop (Columbia, 1956)
* Originally (Columbia, 1956) - unreleased until 1982
* Drum Suite (Columbia, 1956)
* Mirage (Savoy, 1957)
* Ritual: The Modern Jazz Messengers (Pacific Jazz, 1957)
* Selections from Lerner and Loewe's... (Vik, 1957)
* A Night in Tunisia (Vik, 1957)
* Cu-Bop (Jubilee, 1957)
* Tough! (Cadet, 1957 [1966])
* Hard Drive (Bethlehem, 1957)
With Clifford Brown
* The Beginning and the End (Columbia, 1973) - 1956 performance recorded in Philadelphia
With Butch Ballard and Dylan Taylor
* Mozaic
# William M. Moore

William Milton Moore (May 19, 1926 – December 22, 2013) was an American football coach, basketball coach, and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Shepherd College from 1951 to 1952 and at Central Connecticut State University from 1959 to 1961, compiling a career college football record of 17–23–2. Moore was also the head basketball coach at Shepherd from 1951 to 1953 and at Central Connecticut State from 1953 to 1959, tallying a career college basketball mark of 92–70. He was inducted into the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics Hall of Fame in 2008.
Moore graduated from Bradley Central High School in Cleveland, Tennessee in 1944. He earned a Bachelor of Science in health and physical education from Tennessee Technological University in 1944, a Master of Science in physical education from the University of Tennessee in 1949, and a Ph.D. in physical education from the University of Michigan in 1954. Moore died on December 22, 2013, at the age of 87.

## Head coaching record
### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing |
| Shepherd Rams (West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1951–1952) ||||||
| 1951 | Shepherd | 3–5 | 1–3 | 8th |
| 1952 | Shepherd | 5–3–1 | 1–1 | NA |
| Shepherd: | Shepherd: | 8–8–1 | 2–4 | |
| Central Connecticut Blue Devils (Independent) (1959–1961) ||||||
| 1959 | Central Connecticut | 2–4–1 | | |
| 1960 | Central Connecticut | 4–5 | | |
| 1961 | Central Connecticut | 3–6 | | |
| Central Connecticut: | Central Connecticut: | 9–15–1 | | |
| Total: | Total: | 17–23–2 | | |
# Skinner Building (Albuquerque, New Mexico)

The Skinner Building is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico, considered to be one of the best examples of Art Deco architecture in the city. Originally a grocery store owned by J.A. Skinner, it was designed by local architect A.W. Boehning and built in 1931. The building is of brick construction, with a street facade of white terra cotta tile on the north and west sides. Its exterior features a variety of decorative details including fluted towers, grill work, stained glass, and geometric patterns. The Skinner Building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
A controversial balcony was added to the building in 2001 after being narrowly approved by the city Landmarks and Urban Conservation Commission, with one commissioner resigning in protest over the decision. As required by the city, the balcony is freestanding and does not actually touch the building.
# Walter W. Shaw

Walter White Shaw (November 21, 1880 – September 30, 1949) was an American football player and coach, attorney and businessman. He played at the halfback position for Fielding H. Yost's renowned 1901 "Point-a-Minute" football team. He later worked as an attorney, judge and businessman in Oklahoma and Louisiana.
Shaw was born in Owego, New York in 1880, the son of Charles E. and Ida M. (White) Shaw. His father gained prominence as a buckwheat miller, wholesale grocer, coal mine operator and banker. In 1889, the Shaw family moved to Lincoln, Nebraska where they remained for eight years. In 1897, the family moved to Denver, Colorado. The younger Shaw was educated in the schools of Lincoln, Denver, and Kansas City, Missouri. He enrolled at the University of Michigan where he was a member of the law school's Class of 1902. He played for the Michigan Wolverines football team as a quarterback and halfback from 1899 to 1901. He began the 1901 season as a starting halfback for Michigan in the team's first year under head coach Fielding H. Yost. In the third and fourth games of the 1901 season against Indiana and Northwestern, Willie Heston got the start at left halfback, and Shaw substituted for Heston late in the games. Shaw did not appear in any games for Michigan after the Northwestern game. According to a newspaper account at the end of the 1901 season, he was "kept out of the game most of the year by an injured knee."
In the fall of 1902, Shaw began practicing law in Kansas City. He moved to Claremore, Oklahoma in 1904. Shaw practiced law in Claremore for eleven years. He also served as Claremore city attorney and was elected as a Rogers County judge in November 1912. In 1915, he moved to Shreveport, Louisiana, where he entered the bond business and also secured interests in oil. In 1918, Shaw moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he became the manager of the bond department of the Exchange Trust Company and Exchange National Bank.
Shaw married Mary A. Bullette in June 1906. His wife was the daughter of Bullette, who was elected the Cherokee National Council in 1876. They had two children, Walter W. Shaw, Jr. (born in 1907) and Martha Helen Shaw (born in 1908).
Shaw was also active in the Masons, was a 32nd degree Mason, and a member of Akdar Temple of the Mystic Shrine.
# Turkey–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement

The Turkey–United Kingdom free trade agreement (TUKFTA) is a proposed free trade agreement which began negotiations on 14 March 2024. The trade agreement will be the third FTA to cover Turkey–UK trade, and will supersede the Turkey–UK Trade Continuity Agreement, extending the deal to cover services and digital trade.

## History

From 31 December 1995 until 30 December 2020, trade between Turkey and the United Kingdom was governed by the European Union–Turkey Customs Union, while the UK was a member of the European Union. Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the UK and Turkey signed a continuity trade agreement on 29 December 2020, based on the EU free trade agreement; the agreement entered into force on 1 January 2021.

## Negotiations

On 18 July 2023, Turkey and the United Kingdom announced their intentions start talks on a modernised free trade agreement; the agreement will supersede the goods-only Turkey–United Kingdom Trade Continuity agreement. The UK opened up a trade consultation from 2 November 2023 and close on the 5 January 2024. Trade negotiations formally opened on 14 March 2024. The practical negotiations are scheduled for after the UK general election on 4 July.
# Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Albert Wolfgang of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (8 December 1689 in Sulzbürg, now part of Mühlhausen – 29 June 1734 in Parma) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth from the Kulmbach-Bayreuth side line of Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. He served as a general in the imperial army.

## Life

Wolfgang Albrecht was the second son of Margrave Christian Henry of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1661-1708) from his marriage to Sophie Christiane (1667-1737), the daughter of Count Albert Frederik of Wolfstein at Sulzbürg. He and his older brother George Frederick Charles grew up in Bielefeld. They studied at the University of Utrecht together. After his Grand Tour, which took him to France, England and Italy, he entered the Imperial service.
During his military career he attained the rank of Lieutenant General. He and field marshal Claude Florimond de Mercy were killed during an attack on Crocetta castle in Parma. He was initially buried in Bayreuth; in 1742, his body was transferred to Himmelskron Abbey, where his sister, Queen Sophia Magdalene of Denmark erected a monument to commemorate him.
# Aleiphaquilon castaneum

Aleiphaquilon castaneum is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
# Aleiphaquilon eburneum

Aleiphaquilon eburneum is a species in the longhorn beetle family Cerambycidae. It is found in Brazil.
# Muneyoshi Tokugawa

Count Muneyoshi Tokugawa (徳川 宗敬, Tokugawa Muneyoshi, May 31, 1897 – May 1, 1989) was a Japanese forester, Imperial Japanese Army second lieutenant, politician, educator, and Shintō priest. His court rank was Junior Third Rank.

## Back ground

Muneyoshi was born on 31 May 1897, in the Mito Tokugawa family's villa in Minami-Katsushika District, Tokyo Prefecture (now part of Sumida Ward, Tokyo). He was the second son of the 12th head of the Mito Tokugawa family, Atsuyoshi Tokugawa. His mother was Tokugawa Soko. His birth name was Takanobu. Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last shogun, was his great-uncle.
Tokugawa graduated from the Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture of the Tokyo Imperial University in 1923. He later returned to his alma mater and earned a Doctorate of Agriculture in 1941.
On 19 June 1946, following the resignation of Count Tadamasu Sakai (Lord of Himeji), Tokugawa assumed the position of the 15th Vice President of the House of Peers. With the enactment of the Constitution of Japan, the House of Peers was abolished, making him the last Vice President of the House of Peers (the last President of the House of Peers was Iemasa Tokugawa of the Tokugawa shogun family). In the same year, he became the third president of the Japan Association of Museums.
In 1947, he won the first House of Councillors election for the national constituency and as one of the top candidates. He joined the conservative parliamentary faction, the Ryokufūkai, and became the chairman of the Ryokufūkai Members' General Meeting. In 1951, as chairman, he was appointed as a plenipotentiary for the San Francisco Peace Treaty and participated in its signing.
Tokugawa was a recipient of the Order of the Sacred Treasure 1st class, Grand Cordon. In 1989 he posthumously received the highest distinction of the Scout Association of Japan, the Golden Pheasant Award.
# Munford

Munford may refer to:

## Places in the United States

* Munford, Alabama, a town
* Munford, Tennessee, a city
* Munford, Virginia, an unincorporated community

## People

* Beverley B. Munford (1856–1910), American lawyer, politician, social reformer, speaker and author
* Don Munford (born 1954), American politician
* Harvey Munford (1940–2023), American politician
* Marc Munford (born 1965), American former football player
* Mary-Cooke Branch Munford (1865–1938), American activist for women's rights, civil rights, women's suffrage and education
* Robert Munford (1925–1991), American artist and educator
* Robyn Munford, New Zealand social work researcher and professor
* Thayer Munford (born 1999), American football player
* Thomas T. Munford (1831–1918), Confederate acting brigadier general in the Civil War
* Xavier Munford (born 1992), American basketball player for Hapoel Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League

## Other uses

* Battle of Munford, a Civil War battle at Munford, Alabama
* Munford High School, Munford, Tennessee
# MuchMusic Video Award for Best R&B Video

The following is a list of the MuchMusic Video Awards winners for Best R&B Video or Best Soul/R&B Video. This award is now defunct, and has not been awarded since 2004.
| Year | Artist | Video |
| 1990 | Devon | "Mr. Metro" |
| 1991 | Errol Blackwood | "Arrested" |
| 1992 | B-Funn | "Wondering Where The Lions Are" |
| 1993 | John James | "Supernatural" |
| 1994 | Bass is Base | "Funkmobile" |
| 1995 | Philosopher Kings | "Charms" |
| 1996 | Bass is Base | "Diamond Dreams" |
| 1997 | Carlos Morgan | "Give It To You" |
| 1998 | Kaybe | "Natural High" |
| 1999 | 2 Rude f. Latoya, Miranda | "Thinkin About You" |
| 2000 | 2 Rude f. Jully Black, Mag-T, Macallee King, former members of Grimmi Grimmi | "Dissin' Us" |
| 2004 | In Essence | "Friend Of Mine" |
# MuchMusic Video Award for Best Pop Video

The following is a list of the MuchMusic Video Awards winners for Best Pop Video. The award for "Best Pop Video" was not distributed at the 2008 MuchMusic Video Awards, but was distributed again in 2009.
| Year | Artist | Video |
| 1999 | Len | "Steal My Sunshine" |
| 2000 | The Moffatts | "Misery" |
| 2001 | Snow | "The Plumb Song" |
| 2002 | David Usher | "Black Black Heart" |
| 2003 | Shawn Desman | "Get Ready" |
| 2004 | Nelly Furtado | "Powerless (Say What You Want)" |
| 2005 | k-os | "Crabbuckit" |
| 2006 | Massari | "Be Easy" |
| 2007 | Hedley | "Gunnin'" |
| 2009 | Danny Fernandes | "Private Dancer" |
| 2010 | Hedley | "Cha-Ching" |
| 2011 | Down With Webster | "Whoa Is Me" |
| 2012 | Marianas Trench | "Haven't Had Enough" |
# MuchMusic Video Award for Peoples Choice: Favourite Artist

The MuchMusic Video Award for Peoples Choice: Favourite Artist is presented at the MuchMusic Video Awards to a Canadian solo artist. Avril Lavigne holds the record for most awards in this category with four.

## Winners

| Year | Artist | Video |
| 1997 | Sarah McLachlan | "Building a Mystery" |
| 1998 | Celine Dion | "My Heart Will Go On" |
| 1999 | Sarah McLachlan | "Angel" |
| 2000 | Edwin | "Alive" |
| 2001 | Nelly Furtado | "I'm Like a Bird" |
| 2002 | Nelly Furtado | "...On the Radio (Remember the Days)" |
| 2003 | Avril Lavigne | "Sk8er Boi" |
| 2004 | Avril Lavigne | "Don't Tell Me" |
| 2005 | Kalan Porter | "Single" |
| 2006 | City and Colour | "Save Your Scissors" |
| 2007 | Avril Lavigne | "Girlfriend" |
| 2008 | Avril Lavigne | "When You're Gone" |