OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Benedict Alper

Benedict Solomon Alper (28 June 1905 - 1994) was an American criminologist and chief of the United Nations Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention Unit.

## Life

Alper was born in Revere, Massachusetts and attended Harvard College and the Harvard Institute of Criminal Law. After completing his studies worked for Massachusetts Juvenile Court (1933-1935), Charlestown State Prison and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Alper also worked as a research director of the Massachusetts Child Council, the New York State Legislature's Committee on the Courts (1941) and the American Parole Association (1942).
In 1943 Alper joined the United States Army and served in North Africa and Italy.
Alper was the first chief of the United Nations Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention Unit after its inception. He was also a founding member of the United Nations Staff Association and its first president, until his dismissal in 1951 due to his objection to racial segregation in the UN blood drive. His termination of the contract was one of the first brought before the Administrative Tribunal of the United Nations.
Alper taught at The New School for Social Research and, from 1966 to 1993, was a professor at Boston College. He was regarded as "a pioneer in advocating alternatives to traditional methods of punishment for juvenile offenders" and served as a member of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency and the Massachusetts Governor's Committee on Law Enforcement, Correctional Planning, Violence and Crime.
# Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976

Under Article 23 of The Constitution of India, Prohibition is imposed on the practice of Traffic in Human Being and of Forced Labor. It also provides that contravention of said prohibition is an offense under law. The practice of bonded labor was prevalent in 20th century Indian society. Under this system when an elder of an Indian family took a loan (typically and agricultural loan) and fails to repay the same, his or her descendants or dependents have to work for the creditor with interest deducted from their wages until the loan is repaid. Interest structures were typically usurious and interest would often exceeded effective wages earned. This system is commonly known as Bandhua Majdoori (बंधुआ मज़दूरी). Further, because of illiteracy and social backwardness of debtors, several generations are made to work in degradable conditions and extreme poverty under this system. Even after India got independence and Indian Constitution came to power that enshrines the principal of Equality and Dignity, the practice of Bandhua Mazdoori (बंधुआ मज़दूरी) continued.
With an aim to end this practice, Indian Parliament enacted Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976.
# Bondebladet

Bondebladet may refer to:
* Bondebladet (newspaper), published from 1914 to 1935.
* Bondebladet (weekly), published currently.
# Bonfire (disambiguation)

A bonfire is a large, controlled outdoor fire. It may also refer to:

## Music

* Bonfire (band), a German heavy metal band
* Bonfire (album), a 5 disc box set by the Australian band AC/DC
* "Bonfire" (Childish Gambino song), 2011
* "Bonfire" (Craig Morgan song), 2009
* "Bonfire" (Felix Jaehn song), 2016
* "Bonfire", a song by The Hunna
* "Bonfire", a song by Knife Party from Rage Valley
* "Bonfire", a song by Third Eye Blind from Ursa Major

## Video games

* Bonfire Studios, a video game company in Dallas, Texas
* Bonfire (Dark Souls), a type of checkpoint in the Dark Souls series

## Other

* Bonfire Snowboarding, a manufacturer of snowboarding outerwear
* Aggie Bonfire, a tradition at Texas A&M University
* Bonfire (horse), a prizewinning dressage horse ridden by the Dutch equestrian Anky van Grunsven
# Bonfire Night (disambiguation)

Bonfire Night is a traditional celebration involving bonfires in several countries.
Specifically, Bonfire Night may refer to:
* Guy Fawkes Night, in Great Britain and some Commonwealth nations (5 November)
* Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of "All Hallows' evening"), a celebration observed in many countries, on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day, corresponding to the Celtic festival of Samhain
* Saint John's Eve (23 June) or St John's Night (24 June), in many countries
* Eleventh Night, in Northern Ireland (11 July)
* Aggie Bonfire, also called "Student Bonfire", Texas A&M University, United States (November)
* Chaharshanbe Suri, ancient Zoroastrian fire-jumping festival as a prelude to the start of the spring season, celebrated by Persian, Azerbaijani, and Kurdish people (March)
# Pan American Women's Club Handball Championship

The Pan American Women's Club Handball Championship, organized by the Pan-American Team Handball Federation, is the official competition for women's handball clubs in the Americas crowning the Pan American champions.

## Summary

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match |
| Year | Host | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| experimental edition (2016) Details | Santiago | Metodista São Bernardo | 29 – 15 | Ferro Carril Oeste | Club Atlético Goes | 24 – 23 | BBC Layva |
| I (2017) Details | Asunción | EC Pinheiros | 33 – 23 | Club Atlético Goes | Jockey Club | 36 – 26 | Vicente López |
Source:

## Medal table
### Per Club

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | EC Pinheiros | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | Metodista São Bernardo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Club Atlético Goes | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Ferro Carril Oeste | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Jockey Club | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Per Nation

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Brazil | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2 | Uruguay | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
# Love Put a Song in My Heart (song)

"Love Put a Song in My Heart" is a song written by Ben Peters, and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Rodriguez.

## Background

"Love Put a Song in My Heart" was released in September 1975 as the first single and title track from the album Love Put a Song in My Heart. Rodriguez's version includes a Spanish translation of the refrain after a key change.

## Chart performance

The song was the last of six number ones on the country chart for Rodriguez. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of eleven weeks on the country chart.
| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) | 1 |
| Canadian RPM Country Tracks | 3 |
# Naciye

Naciye is a 2015 Turkish horror thriller film directed by Lütfü Emre Çiçek, starring Derya Alabora, Esin Alpogan and Görkem Mertsöz.

## Cast

* Derya Alabora as Naciye
** Ilgin Çakir as Young Naciye
* Esin Alpogan as Bengi
* Görkem Mertsöz as Bertan

## Release

The film premiered at the Screamfest Horror Film Festival on 15 October 2015.

## Reception

Ari Drew of Dread Central rated the film 3 stars out of 5, writing that "Save for a couple of questionable editing decisions – including an ambiguously cut ending and an oddly positioned flashback to the home’s previous residents – Lutfu Emre Cicek stylistically and tonally shows great skill here as a fresh directorial face in the genre." Ian Sedensky of Culture Crypt gave the film a score of 60 out of 100, writing that the film "remains an artistically interesting debut for Lutfu Emre Cicek, although focusing fragmented flourishes with fuller purpose would put more force behind the film." Mark L. Miller of Ain't It Cool News wrote a mixed review of the film, calling it "a potent and surprising little thriller from Turkey with the main fault of really not having any sympathetic characters to care for." Sean Leonard of HorrorNews.net wrote a positive review of the film, writing that "The acting is good across the board, the effects are good, the direction and cinematography are all well done."
Mike Wilson of Bloody Disgusting wrote a mixed review of the film, writing that "With a solid cast, a nice twist on a familiar trope, and the esoteric visuals and score, this should’ve been a great debut by Cicek. Instead, with sequences that drag on far too long and flashbacks that undermine the overall pacing, Naciye really needed to dial back and keep things a little more simple."
# Zhongchuan, Lanzhou

Zhongchuan is a town of Lanzhou New Area, China. Before 2019 it was part of Yongdeng County. In 2006 it had a population of 31,191, however by 2020, the entirety of Lanzhou New Area had a population of 450,000.
The town is located in the middle of the Qinwangchuan plain, the largest plateau basin near Lanzhou, measuring roughly 40 km (25 mi) from north to south and 16 km (9.9 mi) from east to west. The area of the plain is 470 km$^2$ (180 sq mi) and it is elevated between 1,800 and 2,300 metres (5,900 and 7,500 ft). The plain was formed 70 million years ago with the formation of the Himalaya.
Around 200 BC, the plain was still humid, but during the Han dynasty the plain became very arid. Thanks to irrigation and new farming methods, it became a fertile agricultural area again. The town is known for its apricot orchards.
From 2018, the entirety of the original town and several villages, totaling 10.7 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi), were demolished to make way for the expansion of Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport, and residents were relocated to Lanzhou and Lanzhou New Area.
# Northside Speedway

Northside Speedway or the GT Tyres Arena for sponsorship prurposes is a motorcycle speedway venue on the west side of the A596, north of Workington. The venue is used by the Workington Comets who compete in the British speedway leagues.

## History

The site was originally a speedway training track but was developed during 2021 to enable league racing. A speedway team, under the control of local businessman Andrew Bain, was set to enter the 2022 National Development League speedway season but a series of vandalism incidents at the circuit pushed back the intended opening date.
In 2023, the team finally began racing during the 2023 National Development League speedway season, it was also agreed that the team could take the name of a former speedway club called the Workington Comets, who had previously raced at Derwent Park.
In 2024, a two-year naming rights deal was agreed with GT Tyres to name the arena the GT Tyres Arena.
# William Dunlap (disambiguation)

William Dunlap (1766–1839) was a pioneer of American theater.
William Dunlap may also refer to:
* William Dunlap Simpson (1823–1890), Governor of South Carolina
* William Claiborne Dunlap (1798–1872), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
* William R. Dunlap (born 1944), American artist, arts commentator and educator
* William B. Dunlap (fl. 1870s–1890s), former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate
* Bill Dunlap (William James Dunlap, 1909–1980), Major League Baseball player
# Beilinson–Bernstein localization

In mathematics, especially in representation theory and algebraic geometry, the Beilinson–Bernstein localization theorem relates D-modules on flag varieties G/B to representations of the Lie algebra ${\mathfrak {g}}$ attached to a reductive group G. It was introduced by Beilinson & Bernstein (1981).
Extensions of this theorem include the case of partial flag varieties G/P, where P is a parabolic subgroup in Holland & Polo (1996) and a theorem relating D-modules on the affine Grassmannian to representations of the Kac–Moody algebra ${\widehat {\mathfrak {g}}}$ in Frenkel & Gaitsgory (2009).

## Statement

Let G be a reductive group over the complex numbers, and B a Borel subgroup. Then there is an equivalence of categories
    ${\mathcal {D}}{\text{-Mod}}(G/B)\ \simeq \ \left(U({\mathfrak {g}})/\ker \chi \right){\text{-Mod}}.$
On the left is the category of D-modules on G/B. On the right χ is a homomorphism χ : Z(U(g)) → C from the centre of the universal enveloping algebra,
    $Z(U({\mathfrak {g}}))\ \simeq \ {\text{Sym}}({\mathfrak {t}})^{W,\rho },$
corresponding to the weight -ρ ∈ t$^*$ given by minus half the sum over the positive roots of g. The above action of W on t$^*$ = Spec Sym(t) is shifted so as to fix -ρ.

### Twisted version

There is an equivalence of categories
    ${\mathcal {D}}_{\lambda }{\text{-Mod}}(G/B)\ \simeq \ \left(U({\mathfrak {g}})/\ker \chi _{\lambda }\right){\text{-Mod}}.$
for any λ ∈ t$^*$ such that λ-ρ does not pair with any positive root α to give a nonpositive integer (it is "regular dominant"):
    $(\lambda -\rho ,\alpha )\ \in \ \mathbf {C} -\mathbf {Z} _{\leq 0}.$
Here χ is the central character corresponding to λ-ρ, and D$_λ$ is the sheaf of rings on G/B formed by taking the *-pushforward of D$_{G/U}$ along the T-bundle G/U → G/B, a sheaf of rings whose center is the constant sheaf of algebras U(t), and taking the quotient by the central character determined by λ (not λ-ρ).

## Example: SL$_2$

The Lie algebra of vector fields on the projective line P$^1$ is identified with sl$_2$, and
    $U({\mathfrak {sl}}_{2})/\Omega \ \simeq \ {\mathcal {D}}(\mathbf {P} ^{1})$
via
    $(e,h,f)\ \mapsto \ (\partial _{z},-2z\partial _{z},z^{2}\partial _{z})$
It can be checked linear combinations of three vector fields C ⊂ P$^1$ are the only vector fields extending to ∞ ∈ P$^1$. Here,
    $\Omega \ =\ ef+fe+{\frac {1}{2}}h^{2}$
is sent to zero.
The only finite dimensional sl$_2$ representation on which Ω acts by zero is the trivial representation k, which is sent to the constant sheaf, i.e. the ring of functions O ∈ D-Mod. The Verma module of weight 0 is sent to the D-Module δ supported at 0 ∈ P$^1$.
Each finite dimensional representation corresponds to a different twist.
# Boggust Park Crater

Boggust Park Crater is a volcano in the Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand. Located in the Favona area of the Māngere suburb, it is one of Auckland city's older volcanoes. It was first recognised as a volcano in 2011. The park in which it is located is named after Ralph Boggust, former superintendent of Manukau Parks Dept.
The volcano has a 300–400 m diameter crater surrounded on three sides by a 6–8 m high semi-circular tuff ring with steep inner slopes and gentler outer slopes. In places the crest of the tuff ring has been flattened off by bulldozing during subdivision in the 1990s. The tuff ring is breached to the north-east, presumably by the sea during the Last Interglacial warm period, about 130,000 years ago, when the sea level was 5–6 m above the present. The present floor of the crater is about 5 m above present high tide level and slopes down to the edge of Harania Creek estuary on the Manukau Harbour. After eruption, Boggust Crater would have become a freshwater lake, before it was breached by the sea to become an intertidal lagoon for a few thousand years, rather like Panmure Basin today. The sea level dropped about 120,000 years ago and the crater became a swampy depression until 1 m of fill was added and drainage installed to make it a recreational sports field.
# Pan American Youth Beach Handball Championship

The Pan American Youth Beach Handball Championship was the official competition for men's and women's youth national beach handball teams of America. In addition to crowning the Pan American champions, the tournament also served as a qualifying tournament for the IHF Youth Beach Handball World Championship. Only two were held as in 2018, the PATHF disbanded and the tournaments were replaced with the North America & the Caribbean and South & Central American championships.

## Men
### Summary

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match |
| Year | Host | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2017 Details | Asunción | Brazil | 2–1 | Argentina | Venezuela | 2–0 | Paraguay |

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Argentina | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Venezuela | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

### Participating nations

| Nation | 2017 | Years |
| Argentina | 2nd | 1 |
| Brazil | 1st | 1 |
| Colombia | 6th | 1 |
| Ecuador | 8th | 1 |
| Paraguay | 4th | 1 |
| Puerto Rico | 7th | 1 |
| Uruguay | 5th | 1 |
| Venezuela | 3rd | 1 |
| Total | 8 | |

## Women
### Summary

| Year | Host | Final | Final | Final | Third place match | Third place match | Third place match |
| Year | Host | Champion | Score | Runner-up | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 2017 Details | Asunción | Argentina | 2–0 | Brazil | Paraguay | 2–1 | Venezuela |

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Argentina | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | Brazil | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Paraguay | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | Totals (3 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

### Participating nations

| Nation | 2017 | Years |
| Argentina | 1st | 1 |
| Brazil | 2nd | 1 |
| Colombia | 6th | 1 |
| Paraguay | 3rd | 1 |
| Uruguay | 5th | 1 |
| Venezuela | 4th | 1 |
| Total | 6 | |
# Northern Ireland Act 2009

The Northern Ireland Act 2009 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It makes provision preparatory to the intended devolution of "policing and justice" to the Northern Ireland Assembly.

## Commencement

The whole Act has been brought into force.
Sections 1 and 3(2) and 4 and 5 came into force on 12 March 2009.
Paragraphs 35(1) and (3) of Schedule 4, so far as they relate to the President or other member of the Charity Tribunal for Northern Ireland, and section 2(3), so far as it relates to those provisions, came into force on 26 September 2009.
The following provisions came into force on 12 April 2010:
* Section 2, so far as not already in force
* Section 3(1)
* Schedules 2 and 3
* Schedule 4, so far as not already in force
* Schedules 5 and 6
# Bixley Heath

Bixley Heath is a 5.1-hectare (13-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the eastern outskirts of Ipswich in Suffolk. It is also a Local Nature Reserve owned and managed by Ipswich Borough Council.

## Location

The heath is split between the Ipswich Borough Council and East Suffolk council areas. It is located adjacent to the Broke Hall Farm and Purdis Farm areas of Ipswich and to the west of Ipswich Golf Club on the edge of the urban area.

## Ecology

The site is part of the Suffolk Sandlings area and consists of lowland dry heathland and scarce swamp vegetation along a small valley to the southern edge of the site. The heathland area of the site is dominated by the heather Calluna vulgaris. Other heathers and grass species, such as Common Bent-grass Agrostis capillaris are also present, with some Bracken and scrub tree species on the edges of the site.
The swamp area of the site has Lesser Pond-sedge Carex acutiformis as the dominant plant species, with other species such as Great Reedmace Typha latifolia and Great Willowherb Epilobium hirsutum found in the area. Sallow is found throughout the swamp area with some areas of open reed bed where Common Reed Phragmites australis is found.
Some springs in Bexley Heath contribute to the Bucklesham Mill River.

## Access

There is access from Bucklesham Road and Salehurst Road.
# Bixley

Bixley is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Caistor St Edmund and Bixley, in the South Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. According to the 2001 census and 2011 census it contained 60 households and a population of 144. It covered an area south of Norwich including the village of Arminghall. On 1 April 2019 the parish was merged with Caistor St Edmund to form Caistor St Edmund and Bixley.
The origin the name of Bixley has been studied in a paper by Keith Briggs; it means 'clearing in bushy land'. The name of Bixley near Ipswich has the same origin.
The parish church of St Wandregesilius dates from 1272. Wandregesilius is a Latinised form of Wandrille and it is the only church in England dedicated to this 7th-century Frankish abbot. In May 2004 it was set on fire by arsonists and gutted. The church had no electricity and used gas cylinders for heating which it is believed were used by vandals to start the fire. Near the church is Bixley medieval settlement, the site of a deserted medieval village.
Sir Timothy Colman lived in Bixley Manor in the grounds of which is the seven-storey stump of Bixley Tower Mill, dating from 1838. At eleven storeys this was once the tallest windmill in Norfolk and possibly the tallest in Britain. It was reduced to its current height in 1872.
# List of nuncios of the Holy See to China

The Holy See nuncio in Taipei is the official representative of the government in Vatican City to the government of Taiwan.

## List of representatives
### Apostolic delegates to China (1922–1946)

In 1922 Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini was appointed by the Holy See as Apostolic Delegate to China, without diplomatic status.
| Name | Name in Chinese | Nationality | Assumed office | Left office |
| Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini | 剛恆毅 Gāng Héngyì | Italy | 12 August 1922 | 1933 |
| Mario Zanin | 蔡寧 Cài Níng | Italy | 7 January 1934 | 1946 |

### Apostolic internuncios to China (1946–1966)

| Name | Name in Chinese | Nationality | Assumed office | Presentation of credentials | Left office |
| Antonio Riberi | 黎培理 Lí Péilǐ | Monaco | 6 July 1946 | 28 December 1946 | 1951 |
| The Apostolic Nunciature to China was relocated to Taiwan in 1952 after the People's Republic of China broke off diplomatic ties with the Holy See. ||||||
| Giuseppe Caprio | 高理耀 Gāo Lǐyào | Italy | 20 May 1959 | 29 October 1959 | 24 December 1966 |

### Apostolic nuncios to China (1966–present)

| Name | Name in Chinese | Nationality | Assumed office | Presentation of credentials | Left office | Diplomatic title |
| Giuseppe Caprio | 高理耀 Gāo Lǐyào | Italy | 24 December 1966 | 30 January 1967 | 22 August 1967 | Apostolic Pro-Nuncio |
| Luigi Accogli | 艾可儀 Ài Kěyí | Italy | 16 October 1967 | 23 December 1967" | 29 September 1970 | Apostolic Pro-Nuncio |
| Edward Idris Cassidy | 葛錫迪 Gé Xīdí | Australia | 27 October 1970 | 5 December 1970 | 25 October 1971 | Apostolic Pro-Nuncio |
| The post has been vacant since 25 October 1971, when the nuncio was recalled by the Holy See from Taiwan and represented by chargés d'affaires. |||||||

#### Chargés d'affaires

| Name | Name in Chinese | Nationality | Assumed office | Left Office |
| Francesco Colasuonno | 高樂天 Gāo Lètiān | Italy | 2 August 1972 | 1974 |
| Thomas A. White | 陶懷德 Táo Huáidé | Ireland | 1974 | 1978 |
| Paolo Giglio | 吉立友 Jí Lìyǒu | Malta | 12 July 1978 | 1986 |
| Piero Biggio | 畢齊樂 Bì Qílè | Italy | 6 April 1986 | 1988 |
| Adriano Bernardini | 裴納德 Péi Nàdé | Italy | 17 January 1989 | 1992 |
| Juliusz Janusz | 尤雅士 Yóu Yǎshì | Poland | 25 August 1992 | 1995 |
| Joseph Chennoth | 車納德 Chē Nàdé | India | 26 April 1995 | 1999 |
| Adolfo Tito Yllana | 易福霖 Yì Fúlín | Philippines | 20 September 1999 | 6 January 2002 |
| James Patrick Green | 格霖澤 Gé Línzé | United States | 18 January 2002 | 2003 |
| Ambrose Madtha | 安博思 Ān Bósī | India | 11 February 2003 | 8 May 2008 |
| Paul Fitzpatrick Russell | 陸思道 Lù Sīdào | United States | 8 May 2008 | 19 March 2016 |
| Slađan Ćosić [hr] | 高德隆 Gāo Délóng | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3 May 2016 | 10 August 2019 |
| Arnaldo Sanchez Catalan | 佳安道 Jīa Āndào | Philippines | 10 August 2019 | 31 January 2022 |
| Stefano Mazzotti | 馬德範 Mǎ Défàn | Italy | 19 July 2022 | incumbent |