OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vi–ii–V–I

In music, the vi–ii–V–I progression is a chord progression (also called the circle progression for the circle of fifths, along which it travels). A vi–ii–V–I progression in C major (with inverted chords) is shown below.
It is "undoubtedly the most common and the strongest of all harmonic progressions" and consists of "adjacent roots in ascending fourth or descending fifth relationship", with movement by ascending perfect fourth being equivalent to movement by descending perfect fifth due to inversion. For instance, in C major, the chords are Am–Dm–G–C, which have roots that descend by perfect fifth (or ascend by fourth), as shown below.

## Examples

Examples of vi–ii–V–I are shown below.
Pop songs that include the vi–ii–V–I progression include Weezer's "Island in the Sun" and Talk Talk's "It's My Life".

## I−vi−ii−V

I−vi−ii−V is one of the most common chord progressions in jazz. The progression is often used as a turnaround, occurring as the last two bars of a chorus or section. The I−vi−ii−V chord progression occurs as a two-bar pattern in the A section of the rhythm changes, the progression based on George Gershwin's "I Got Rhythm". It can be varied as well: according to Mark Levine, "[t]oday's players usually play a dominant 7th chord rather than a minor 7th chord as the VI chord in a I-VI-II-V."
In the jazz minor scale, the diatonic progression below is possible.
    i$^{M7}$ vi$^ø$$^7$ ii$^7$ V+$^7$ Cm$^{M7}$ Am$^{7♭5}$ Dm$^7$ G$^{7♭13}$
    Play

## I−IV−vii°−iii−vi−ii−V−I progression

The circle progression is commonly a succession through all seven diatonic chords of a diatonic scale by fifths, including one progression by diminished fifth, (in C: between F and B) and one diminished chord (in C major, B$^o$), returning to the tonic at the end. A full circle of fifths progression in C major is shown below.
Shorter progressions may be derived from this by selecting certain specific chords from the progression through all seven diatonic chords. The ii–V–I turnaround lies at the end of the circle progression, as does the vi–ii–V–I progression of root movement by descending fifths, which establishes tonality and also strengthens the key through the contrast of minor and major.
In a minor key, the progression is i–iv–VII–III–VI–ii°–V–i.
# Penstemon rydbergii

Penstemon rydbergii, commonly known as Rydberg's penstemon or meadow penstemon, is a perennial plant in the plantain family (Plantaginaceae) that grows in damp, grassy meadows of the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains of the western United States.$^{:49}$
# Lists of tunnels

The following articles contain lists of tunnels:
* List of tunnels by location
* List of longest tunnels
* List of long tunnels by type
See also Category:Lists of tunnels and Category:Tunnels.
# Missouri River Otters

The Missouri River Otters were a minor professional ice hockey team based in St. Charles, Missouri. They played in the United Hockey League from 1999 to 2006. They played their home games at the St. Charles Family Arena, which also opened in October 1999.

## History

The River Otters were launched in the United Hockey League (UHL) for the 1999–2000 season owned by New York-based United Sports Ventures, an organization that operated several teams in the league. The team's first head coach was former St. Louis Blues' player Mark Reeds and they had their home opener on October 23, 1999, with a sellout attendance for a 6–2 win over the Asheville Smoke. Lonnie Loach, who wore #33, played for the team from 1999 to 2003 and is the only person to have his number retired by the team.
The team was sold in December 2001 to local ownership group River City Hockey LLC. consisting of Kevin Fitzpatrick, Dan O'Donnell, and David Black. The team was purchased by Mike Shanahan Jr. in 2004. During the National Hockey League (NHL) lockout in 2004–05, NHL defenseman Barret Jackman decided to stay in St. Louis and play hockey for the River Otters during the lockout, along with center Ryan Johnson, defenseman Bryce Salvador and right winger Jamal Mayers. The team also signed former NHL players such as Jim Montgomery and Dennis Vial during this season.
On January 25, 2006, the Missouri River Otters hosted the 2006 United Hockey League All Star Classic, which included events such as an UHL alumni vs. St. Louis Blues alumni pre-game show to raise money for St. Louis Children's Hospital. In late April 2006, team owner and president Mike Shanahan Jr. decided to fold the team due to lack of attendance, issues with the lease at the Family Arena, and a steep workers' compensation bill. The staff was then let go as the announcement was made that the team would not play in the upcoming 2006–07 UHL season. While leaving open the possibility of a sale, Shanahan said that the competition for the sports dollar in the greater St. Louis area meant that the team would likely fold instead of being sold.
# Lukas David

Lukas Florian David (5 June 1934 – 11 October 2021) was an Austrian classical violinist.

## Life

David was born in Wels upper Austria in 1934 as the younger son of the composer and conductor Johann Nepomuk David (1895–1977) and his wife Berta Eybl. His older brother was the composer and conductor Thomas Christian David (1925–2006). He received his first violin lessons at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. Later he was a student of Max Strub at the Mozarteum University Salzburg and of Max Kergl at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart. He had his first public performance at the age of 14. From 1949 to 1957, he studied in the master class of Tibor Varga and was his assistant at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold until 1959. He also attended a master class with Nathan Milstein.
As a violinist he gained international recognition; concert tours took him through Europe, to Asia, the US, South America and South Africa. The main focus of his work is the romantic and contemporary repertoire, so he also performed several of his father's solo concertos. In the Peruvian capital Lima he organised the annual Lukas David Chamber Music Festival. In 1958, he received the Förderpreis des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen für junge Künstlerinnen und Künstler [de].
From 1959, David led a main subject class at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. From 1966 to 1998 he was professor at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold.
David died on 11 October 2021 in Lemgo, Germany.
# Only the Lonely (T'Pau song)

"Only the Lonely" is a song by English band T'Pau, released in 1989 as the third and final single from their second studio album, Rage (1988). It was written by vocalist Carol Decker and rhythm guitarist Ron Rogers, and produced by Roy Thomas Baker. "Only the Lonely " peaked at No. 28 on the UK Singles Chart and remained in the top 100 for six weeks. For its release as a single, "Only the Lonely" was remixed.
A music video was filmed to promote the single. Numerous formats of this release were issued including 12 inch vinyl, 7 inch vinyl, 7 inch Gatefold Poster Pack, 5 inch CD, and 3 inch CD. Autographed copies were also made available at independent record stores across the UK helping the song climb the charts. T'Pau also performed the song on a number of UK TV shows including Going Live!, Top of the Pops, Daytime Live and The Hippodrome Show.

## Critical reception

Upon release, William Shaw of Smash Hits commented: "You have to hand it to Carol and Ronnie. They certainly know how to make records that start off quiet and then get louder and louder. T'Pau have already shown a certain adeptness at turning out crunching great ballads of this ilk, but this time what's so extraordinary about it is Carol's singing. One moment she's singing dainty little harmonies, the next moment she's bawling away like a dame possessed. Marvellous." Pan-European magazine Music & Media wrote: "A song that sees Carol Decker in fine voice which might be a chance for T'Pau to regain their rapidly fading status."

## Formats

* 7" single
* "Only the Lonely" (Guitar Remix) - 4:02
* "Between the Lines" - 3:35
* 12" single
* "Only the Lonely" (Nightmare Mix) - 8:00
* "Only the Lonely" (Guitar Remix) - 4:02
* "Downtown" (Live) - 3:35
* CD single
* "Only the Lonely" (Guitar Remix) - 4:03
* "Only the Lonely" (Nightmare Mix) - 8:01
* "Between the Lines" - 3:35
* "Downtown" (Live) - 3:37

## Personnel

T'Pau
* Carol Decker – lead vocals
* Dean Howard – lead guitar
* Ronnie Rogers – rhythm guitar, lead vocals on "Downtown"
* Michael Chetwood – keyboards
* Paul Jackson – bass guitar
* Tim Burgess – drums
Production
* Roy Thomas Baker - producer of "Only the Lonely", mixing on "Only the Lonely" and "Between the Lines"
* T'Pau - additional production on "Only the Lonely", producers of "Downtown", mixing on "Between the Lines" and "Downtown"
* Gary Langan - additional production and remixing on "Only the Lonely", producers of "Downtown", mixing on "Downtown"
* Carol Decker, Ronnie Rogers, Tim Burgess - producers of "Between the Lines"
* Stephen W. Tayler - mixing on "Between the Lines"
Other
* Sheila Rock - photography
* Mark Millington - sleeve design

## Charts

Chart performance for "Only the Lonely" :
| Chart (1989) | Peak position |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100 Singles) | 86 |
| Finland (Suomen virallinen lista) | 29 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 22 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 28 |
# 2004 Ordina Open – Men's doubles

Martin Damm and Cyril Suk, the two-time defending champions, successfully defended their title, by defeating Lars Burgsmüller and Daniel Vacek 6–3, 6–7$^{(7–9)}$, 6–3 in the final.

## Seeds

* Martin Damm / Cyril Suk (champions)
* Gastón Etlis / Martín Rodríguez (quarterfinals)
* Jonathan Erlich / Leander Paes (semifinals)
* Jared Palmer / Pavel Vízner (semifinals)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Draw

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | M Damm C Suk | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Y Allegro M Kohlmann | 4 | 6$^3$ | | 1 | M Damm C Suk | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 6 | 6 | | | M Fyrstenberg M Matkowski | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| WC | D van Scheppingen P Wessels | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | 1 | M Damm C Suk | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | |
| 3 | J Erlich L Paes | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | 3 | J Erlich L Paes | 4 | 6$^1$ | | | | | | |
| | T Cibulec P Pála | 4 | 2 | | 3 | J Erlich L Paes | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | G Cañas M García | 7$^7$ | 6$^3$ | 7$^7$ | | T Ascione M Llodra | 3 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | T Ascione M Llodra | 6$^5$ | 7$^7$ | 6$^1$ | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | M Damm C Suk | 6 | 6$^7$ | 6 |
| | D Hrbatý G Oliver | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Alt | L Burgsmüller J Vacek | 3 | 7$^9$ | 3 |
| | R Sluiter M Verkerk | 5 | 4 | | | D Hrbatý G Oliver | 6$^3$ | 7$^7$ | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | I Karlović J Thomas | 4 | 6$^3$ | | 4 | J Palmer P Vízner | 7$^7$ | 6$^4$ | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | J Palmer P Vízner | 6 | 7$^7$ | | | | | | | 4 | J Palmer P Vízner | 4 | 6 | 3 | | | | | |
| Alt | L Burgsmüller J Vacek | 7$^7$ | 7$^8$ | | | | | | | Alt | L Burgsmüller J Vacek | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | |
| | J Acasuso G Coria | 6$^2$ | 6$^6$ | | Alt | L Burgsmüller J Vacek | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | K Braasch T Robredo | 3 | 6$^9$ | | 2 | G Etlis M Rodríguez | 4 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | G Etlis M Rodríguez | 6 | 7$^{11}$ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
# OPA mixture

OPA is a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isopropylamine that is used in the production of the sarin nerve agent. The mixture reacts with methylphosphonyl difluoride to produce sarin.
# Censier

Censier may refer to:
* Censier - Daubenton (Paris Métro), a station of the Parisian Metro
* Censier, a site of the University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle
# Louvil

Louvil (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Heraldry

| Arms of Louvil | The arms of Louvil are blazoned : Gules, an escarbuncle Or pierced vert. |
# University of Houston College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences

The College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences (CLASS) is one of 14 academic colleges at the University of Houston. With nearly 10,000 students, CLASS is the largest college of the university, and was established in 2000 after the College of Humanities, Fine Arts, and Communication and the College of Social Sciences merged.

## Departments

* Communication Sciences and Disorders
* Comparative Cultural Studies
* Economics
* English
* Health and Human Performance
* Hispanic Studies
* History
* Jack J. Valenti School of Communication
* Modern and Classical Languages
* Philosophy
* Political Science
* Psychology
* Sociology

## Facilities

* Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for the Arts
* Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluations and Statistics
* Psychology Research and Services Center

## Academics

The college offers degree programs in the following areas: African American Studies, Anthropology, Communication, Communication Sciences & Disorders, Economics, English, Folklore, Hispanic Studies, History, Modern & Classical Languages, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Public Administration, Religious Studies, ROTC, Sociology, Visual Studies, and Women's Studies.
In 1987 Harold Jones, the chairperson of the Hispanic and Classical Languages department, said that the Spanish language was so popular at UH that not every student is able to fill a Spanish class. Jones said that the students are aware that Houston has important ties with Latin America and that learning a second language improves career opportunities. Because of a state budgetary crisis, UH was unable to add enough classes to fill the demand.
Around 1987 the school revised its first and second year Spanish courses to emphasize reading, speaking, understanding, and writing skills. Jones said that most students demand an emphasis on practical knowledge of Spanish, instead of a concentration on culture and literature found in traditional language courses. In 1987 UH offered a special Spanish program available to students in the Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management where they could take a Spanish class catering to their program.

## Publications

The college offers several publications including Gulf Coast, a literary journal, and its undergraduate counterpart Glass Mountain and Houston History Magazine, published by the Center for Public History.

## Miscellaneous

* The university is associated with the Gulf Coast Magazine.
* University of Houston Creative Writing Program
# Lists of towns in Ireland

See:
* Category:Towns in Northern Ireland
* List of towns in Northern Ireland
* Category:Towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland
* List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland
vteIreland topics :
Republic of Ireland topics
Northern Ireland topics :
History :
Geography :
Politics :
Culture :
Ireland portal :
# Missouri River Trench

The Missouri River Trench is the geological name applied to the broad valley of the Missouri River as it flows southward through North Dakota and South Dakota in the United States.
The valley averages approximately 1 mi (1.6 km) wide, with the valley floor averaging between 300 and 600 ft (91 and 183 m) below the surrounding bluffs. The valley was extensively dammed between 1946 and 1966 to provide a series of reservoirs in the Dakotas. Geologically, the valley separates the main plateau of the Great Plains to the west from the Missouri Coteau to the east.
Although cultivation has added markedly to the sediment in the river as it flows through the valley, the water was turbid even before the widespread introduction of agriculture, according to early European travellers. Erosion and deposition are believed to be in equilibrium in the trench. Siltation now provides a major challenge for the impounded sections of the river in the valley.
# Only the Lonely (disambiguation)

"Only the Lonely" is a 1960 song by Roy Orbison.
Only the Lonely may also refer to:
* Only the Lonely (film), a 1991 romantic comedy-drama
* "Only the Lonely" (Forever Knight), a television episode
* Only the Lonely: Roy Orbison's Life and Legacy, a 1989 biography of Roy Orbison by Alan Clayson

## Music

* Only the Lonely, an album by Colony House, 2017
* Only the Lonely (EP), or the title song (see below), by Unkle, 2011
* "Only the Lonely" (The Motels song), 1982
* "Only the Lonely" (T'Pau song), 1989
* "Only the Lonely", a song by David Gray from Sell, Sell, Sell
* "Only the Lonely", a song by Frank Sinatra from Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely, 1958
* "Only the Lonely", a song by Unkle from Where Did the Night Fall, 2010
# Lists of traffic collisions

The following is a list of articles that contain a lists of traffic collisions, or list of people who died in traffic collisions.

## Lists of traffic collisions

* List of traffic collisions (before 2000)
* List of traffic collisions (2000–present)
* List of traffic collisions by death toll

## Lists of deaths in traffic collisions

* List of deaths by motorcycle crash
* List of people who died in traffic collisions
# Warp X

Warp X is a British film production company, sister to Warp Films based in Sheffield, UK with further offices in Nottingham and London. The company was founded in 2005 and produces feature films.

## Company

Warp X was founded in 2005 and produces feature films. It is a digital film studio that produces feature films in the UK with budgets usually between £400,000 and £800,000. The studio serves as a format for new film directors to create movies for the first time on a lower budget scale with less expectation for high box office revenues on their initial feature foray.
The film studio began with support from organisations including Warp Films, Film4 Productions, the UK Film Council, EM Media, Screen Yorkshire and Optimum Releasing. The intent of the film studio's creation was to add energy and vitality to the film industry in Britain.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Director | Notes |
| 2008 | A Complete History of My Sexual Failures | Chris Waitt | Winner, Festival Prize: Spirit of Darklight, Darklight Film Festival |
| 2008 | Donkey Punch | Olly Blackburn | Filmed on a £1 million budget, over 24 days, in South Africa |
| 2009 | Bunny and the Bull | Paul King | Winner, Best Achievement in Production, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2009 | She, a Chinese | Xiaolu Guo | Winner, Golden Leopard, Locarno International Film Festival |
| 2009 | She, a Chinese | Xiaolu Guo | Winner, Screenplay Award, Hamburg Film Festival |
| 2009 | All Tomorrow's Parties | All Tomorrow's People & Jonathan Caouette | Covers several years of the music festival, All Tomorrow's Parties, which began in 2002 |
| 2009 | Hush | Mark Tonderai | Nominated, Best Achievement in Production, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2011 | Tyrannosaur | Paddy Considine | Winner, Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer, BAFTA |
| 2011 | Tyrannosaur | Paddy Considine | Winner, The World Cinema Award for Directing: Dramatic, Sundance Film Festival |
| 2011 | Tyrannosaur | Paddy Considine | Winner, Best British Independent Film, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2011 | Tyrannosaur | Paddy Considine | Winner, Best Director, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2011 | Kill List | Ben Wheatley | Nominated, Best Achievement in Production, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2011 | Kill List | Ben Wheatley | Nominated, Best Director, British Independent Film Awards |
| 2011 | Kill List | Ben Wheatley | Winner, Best Horror, Empire Awards |
| 2012 | Berberian Sound Studio | Peter Strickland | Previewed at London FrightFest Film Festival in August 2012, and at the 2012 Edinburgh International Film Festival |
| 2013 | For Those in Peril | Paul Wright | First feature film for director Paul Wright; with debut at 2013 Cannes Film Festival |
# Phoronis ijimai

Phoronis ijimai is a species of marine horseshoe worm in the phylum Phoronida.
# List of museums in Yerevan

This is a list of museums in Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia.

## History, archaeology

* History Museum of Armenia (1920)
* Yerevan History Museum (1931)
* Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute (1967)
* Erebuni Museum (1968)
* Mother Armenia Military Museum (1970)
* Museum of Police History of Armenia (1977)
* ARF History Museum (2007)
* Central Bank Museum and history of money (2011)

## Art, literature

* National Gallery of Armenia (1921)
* Charents Museum of Literature and Arts (1921)
* Hovhannes Tumanyan Museum (1953)
* Mesrop Mashtots Museum-Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (1959)
* Children's Art Museum (1970)
* Modern Art Museum of Yerevan (1972)
* Museum of Woodcarving of Armenia (1977)
* Hovhannes Sharambeyan Folk Art Museum (1978)
* Yervand Kochar Museum (1984)
* Museum of Russian Art (1984)
* Sergei Parajanov Museum (1988)
* Near East Art Museum (1993)
* National Museum-Institute of Architecture named after Alexander Tamanian (2002)
* Armenian State Pedagogical University Museum (2004)
* Cafesjian Center for the Arts (2009)
* Komitas Museum (2015)
* Museum of Printing (2017)
* Hrant Matevossian Museum (2018)
* Crochet Museum

## House-museum, biography

* House-Museum of Khachatur Abovian (1939)
* House-Museum of Hovhannes Tumanyan (1953)
* House-Museum of Alexander Spendiaryan (1963)
* House-Museum of Avetik Isahakyan (1963)
* House-Museum of Yeghishe Charents (1964)
* House-Museum of Martiros Saryan (1967)
* House-Museum of Ara Sargsyan and Hakob Kojoyan (1973)
* House-Museum of Derenik Demirchian (1977)
* Gevorg Grigoryan (Jotto) Museum (1977)
* House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian (1978)
* Karen Demirchyan Museum (2001)
* House-Museum of Silva Kaputikyan (2003)
* General Andranik Museum of Patriotic Movement (2006)
* House-Museum of Koryun Nikoghosyan (2009)
* Garegin Nzhdeh Museum (2009)
* Galentz Museum (2010)
* Charles Aznavour Museum (2011)
* Fridtjof Nansen Museum (2014)

## Nature, geology

* Museum of Zoology of Yerevan (1920)
* Hovhannes Karapetyan Geological Museum (1937)
* State Museum of Nature of Armenia (1952)

## Technology, science

* Medicine History Museum of Armenia (1978)
* Museum of Armenian Medicine (1999)
* Space Museum of Yerevan (2001)
* Museum of Science and Technology of Yerevan (2008)
* Railway Museum of Armenia (2009)
* Museum of Communications of Yerevan (2012)
* Little Einstein Interactive Science Museum (2016)