OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Venesmes

Venesmes (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

## Geography

An area of forestry and farming comprising the village and several hamlets situated in the valley of the river Cher, about 17 miles (27 km) south of Bourges at the junction of the D14, D73 and the D940 roads.

## Sights

* The church of St. Pierre, dating from the twelfth century.
* The ruins of the fifteenth-century castle of Aigues-Mortes.
# Thévenoud

Thévenoud is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joanny Thévenoud (1878–1949), French Roman Catholic missionary
* Thomas Thévenoud (born 1974), French politician
# Carbonária

The Carbonária was originally an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society, originally established in Portugal in 1822 and soon disbanded. It was allied with the Italian Carbonari. A new organization of the same name and claiming to be its continuation was founded in 1896 by Artur Augusto Duarte da Luz de Almeida. This organization agitated against the monarchy and was involved in various anti-monarchist conspiracies. Its operational units, structured into a hierarchy of barracas, choças and vendas, received military training.
On 1 February, 1908 King Carlos I of Portugal and his eldest son and heir Luis Filipe were assassinated by Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buíça in a conspiracy involving the Carbonária.
By 1910, the Carbonária had some 40,000 members and was instrumental in the Republican 5 October 1910 revolution.
# Carinodrillia mamona

Carinodrillia mamona is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

## Description

The length of the shell is 11 mm, and its diameter is 4.3 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs off Puerto Rico at depths between 60 m and 73 m.
# Ventersdorp Local Municipality

Ventersdorp Local Municipality was a local municipality in Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. The seat of local municipality was Ventersdorp. After the municipal elections on 3 August 2016 it was merged into the larger JB Marks Local Municipality.

## Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:
| Place | Code | Area (km$^2$) | Population | Most spoken language |
| Schoonspruit Nature Reserve | 61701 | 38.41 | 0 | - |
| Tshing | 61702 | 2.17 | 13,533 | Tswana |
| Ventersdorp | 61704 | 7.25 | 3,212 | Afrikaans |
| Remainder of the municipality | 61703 | 3,716.51 | 26,329 | Tswana |

## Politics

The municipal council consisted of twelve members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Six councillors were elected by first-past-the-post voting in six wards, while the remaining six were chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives was proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 18 May 2011 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of ten seats on the council.
The following table shows the results of the election.
| Party | Party | Votes | Votes | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Seats |
| Party | Party | Ward | List | Total | % | Ward | List | Total |
| | ANC | 8,612 | 8,791 | 17,403 | 80.9 | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| | DA | 1,577 | 1,470 | 3,047 | 14.2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | COPE | 410 | 331 | 741 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | VF+ | 155 | 168 | 323 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 10,754 | 10,760 | 21,514 | 100.0 | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| Spoilt votes | Spoilt votes | 203 | 192 | 395 |
# Thurayur

Thurayur is a village in Kozhikode district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

At the 2001 India census, Thurayur had a population of 14009 with 6641 males and 7368 females.

## Transportation

Thurayur village connects to other parts of India through Koyilandy town, and vatakara town. The nearest airports are at Kannur and Kozhikode. The nearest railway station is at Payyoli. It is a small village surrounded by water in all the sides. the northern border is the Kuttiady river flowing from the western ghats to the Arabian sea. The southern side is Akalappuzha backwaters, a beautiful natural area to be visited. The village is a part of Old Payyormala. The bungalow of British rulers is still alive in this village alongside of the Kuttiady river. The Kanoli canal joins at Kuttiady river at this small town, and by this another name was also given to this small town that is 'Payyoli Cheerpp'.
# Venus and Adonis (Rubens, 1614)

Venus and Adonis is an oil on canvas painting by Peter Paul Rubens and his studio, executed c. 1614, now in the Hermitage Museum, in Saint Petersburg. It is a version of an autograph work from 1609 now in the Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf, replacing its rocky background with Venus's attribute of a golden chariot. A third version was in the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum in Berlin until being destroyed during World War Two.
The main figures are by Rubens himself, whilst other areas were painted by his students, with the landscape now attributed to Lucas van Uden or Jan Wildens and the dogs by Wildens. It was in private collections in Brussels such as that of Carl de Cobenzel until 1768, when a collector sold it to the Hermitage.
# Carl Hagberg

Carl Hagberg may refer to:
* Carl August Hagberg (1810–1864), Swedish linguist and translator
* Carl Peter Hagberg (1778–1841), Swedish minister and orator
# Ticino, Argentina

Ticino is a village located in the General San Martín Department in the Province of Córdoba in central Argentina.

## History

Ticino was founded in 1911, by two Italian-Swiss immigrants Ricardo Simonini and Juan Thiele. The village was born and grew based on the dynamics of the railroad, a classic settlement next to the tracks. It is assumed that the name Ticino was chosen to represent the Ticino river and the canton of the same name.

## Economy

The main economic activity is agriculture followed by livestock, the main crops being soybeans, corn and peanuts.
Likewise, the Lorenzati and Ruetsch Thermoelectric Power Plant, located in that town in Córdoba, supplies energy to approximately 6,500 homes by processing the shell of peanuts produced and processed locally. This allowed them to remain active during the Argentine blackout of 2019, with Ticino being the only village in the entire country that was able to quickly restore the service.
# Carl T. Sprague

Carl Tyler "Doc" Sprague (May 10, 1896 – February 21, 1979) was an American country musician. He was often dubbed "The Original Singing Cowboy". Sprague was one of the first country musicians on record, recording in 1925.

## Biography

He was born in Manvel, Texas, United States. Sprague grew up on a farm near Houston, Texas and learned traditional cowboy songs as a child. During his college years at Texas A&M, he played in a band and, later on, worked as an athletic trainer. He also found time to conduct a weekly radio program on campus. Sprague served in World War I. Sprague served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. He graduated from college in 1922 and was offered occasional work performing on radio. He received a recording contract by Victor in 1925. In August, the same year, he went to Camden, New Jersey to record his first ten songs. His debut sides were "When the Work's All Done This Fall" and "Bad Companions"; the former would go on to sell over 900,000 copies. His recording of "The Dying Cowboy" became a hit in 1926. Other successful recordings were "The Mormon Cowboy," "The Boston Burglar" and "The Two Soldiers." He recorded with Victor until 1929, releasing 33 songs. In the 1930s he moved to Bryan, Texas and ceased recording, though he would return to play folk festivals during the genre's resurgence in the 1950s and 1960s.
He died in 1979 in Bryan, Texas.
# Thysanocarpus laciniatus

Thysanocarpus laciniatus is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common name mountain fringepod. It is native to California and Baja California, where it grows in many types of habitat. It is a common plant in much of its range. It is an annual herb producing a slender, branching or unbranched stem 10 to 60 centimeters tall. It is somewhat waxy in texture and generally lacks hairs. The leaves are linear to lance-shaped and smooth-edged or toothed. They measure up to 4 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a raceme of small whitish or purplish flowers. The fruit is a flattened, rounded or oval disclike capsule with a thin wing around the edge.
# Venezuela, Cuba

Venezuela (Spanish pronunciation:) is a municipality and town in the Ciego de Ávila Province of Cuba. It is located immediately south of the provincial capital, Ciego de Ávila.

## History

The territory in the colonial period of what is Venezuela was characterized by the sugar production headed by the Resurrección and La Soledad mills, Cuban War of Independence, it witnessed the struggle of the Mambises who demonstrated their combative audacity by mocking the defensive system of the Trocha from Júcaro to Morón, among its protagonists they found Máximo Gómez, who crossed it on January 6, 1875. When the struggles for independence resumed, it was the scene of different actions by Mambi chiefs such as Simón Reyes, known as the Eagle of La Trocha, and the arrival of an expedition through the Palo Alto area received by Generalissimo Gómez. In the Neocolonial stage, sugar production, port activities, livestock and the cultivation of minor fruits constituted the fundamental economic lines, sugar production was driven by the construction of the Stewart and Jagüeyal power plants (currently non-existent), in this period This time it returns to the struggles against oppression and corrupt governments led by the port and sugar sectors, the crossing of the invading column No. 8 "Ciro Redondo" under the command of Che Guevara also stands out. In these 50 years of revolution in power, its geography and quality of life of the Venezuelan inhabitants have undergone a remarkable change, an example of these is the construction of schools, family doctor's offices, hospitals, barracks converted into schools, Palacios de Pioneros, it has been possible to considerably reduce infant mortality and nothing resists in comparison with what existed before 1959.

## Demographics

In 2022, the municipality of Venezuela had a population of 25,377. With a total area of 716 km$^2$ (276 sq mi), it has a population density of 38.2/km$^2$ (99/sq mi).
# Venpa

Venpa or Venba (வெண்பா in Tamil) is a form of classical Tamil poetry. Classical Tamil poetry has been classified based upon the rules of metric prosody. Such rules form a context-free grammar. Every venba consists of between two and twelve lines. The venpa meter is used in songs of the types neṭu veṇ pāṭṭu ('long song in venpa meter'), kuṟu veṇ pāṭṭu 'short song in venpa meter', kaikkiḷai "one-sided love," and paripāṭṭu 'song that is quite accommodative' and in satirical compositions (aṅkatac ceyyuḷ).

## Popular books written in venba style

* All 1330 couplets from the Thirukkural, composed by Thiruvalluvar, are examples of venba. Tirukkural comes under a sub-category of venba called Kural venba, wherein each kural or couplet has only two lines.
* Nala venba is another classical work written in venba style.
* Niti venba is another venba style book that preaches values.
* Acharakkovai is another venba style book that preaches values

## Basic elements of meter in classical Tamil poetry

•Vowels and consonant-vowel compounds(such as ka, kā, ki, kī) in Tamil alphabet have been classified into ones with short sounds (kuril) and the ones with longer sounds (nedil).
* Asai(Acai): Vowels and such vowel-consonant compound/s optionally followed by a consonant is known as asai(lit. move). The Tamil word asai roughly corresponds to syllable/a group of syllables. Asai is of two types - Nēr(lit. linear/straightforward) asai and Nirai(lit.waves) asai.
•Sīr or cīr: Sīr is the metrical foot in Tamil poetry.
•Thalai(lit. binding): The juxtaposition of metrical foot patterns.
Note that the official terms for the different "asai"s are self-descriptive. For example, the word "ner" is itself classified as ner asai. And the word "nirai" is a nirai asai.

## Grammar for meter in Venba

A set of well defined metric rules define the grammar for venba. Such rules have been proved to form a context-free grammar.
One set of rules constrains the duration of sound for each word or cīr, while another set of rules defines the rules for the possible sounds at the beginning of a word that follows a given sound at the end of the preceding word. Any venbā should conform to both these sets of rules.
Following is the set of production rules corresponding to the first set of rules.
Following is the set of production rules corresponding to the second set of rules.

## Example

Following is a couplet from Tirukkural:
| Parse tree for the above Kural for the first set of grammar rules given in the grammar section - Note: 0 represents 'kuril' and 1 represents 'nedil' | Set of productions for the same Kural for the second set of rules given in the grammar section |
# Carmen Leon

Carmen Leon is an American painter and teacher known for her work in the Watsonville, Santa Cruz area.

## Biography

Carmen Leon was born in San Francisco to Peruvian and Mexican immigrant parents. Leon began her art education by attending the Ecole des Beaux Art in Paris, France. Through this, she was able to travel across Europe visiting museums and expanding her knowledge on classical art. Leon decided to come back to California to reconnect to her cultural heritage which coincided with the Chicano movement. Leon would enroll at the University of California Santa Cruz and received a Bachelor of Arts in 1975. This is where Leon would meet artist and professor Eduardo Carrillo who would then become a mentor for Leon. When asked about her relationship with Carrillo she states, “having Eduardo Carrillo as my mentor and my teacher was like being given an opening into a world that I never dreamed I would find a place in. Not only did he teach me to be part of something larger than myself, but he also allowed me to take pride in and express my cultural heritage”. While studying at University of California Santa Cruz Leon participated in the Academia del Arte Chicano de Aztlan, which painted the first murals around Watsonville. In 1985, she began teaching art for the Cultural Council of Santa Cruz program called Spectra which focused on Latinx communities. Leon helped co-found the Galeria Tonantzin, a gallery for women to share their artwork in San Juan Bautista, CA. Leon received the Calabash Award as visual artist of the year, for her career as a painter and teacher in 2003.

## Art

* Leon's work with the Califas Legacy Project led her to becoming a featured artist on Google Arts & Culture online exhibition.
* Leon often works with the Pajaro Valley Arts presenting and guest speaking.
* Leon was featured at Eduardo Carrillo: Comunidad De Califas Virtual Gallery hosted by the University of California Santa Cruz.
* Leon was a featured guest for the Monterey Museum of Art’s third annual Art of the State Symposium, Change=Action/Time, Generational Activism in Chicanx and Latinx Art.
* Leon collaborated with writer Alma Luz Villanueva to create the cover art for her book Naked Ladies.
* Leon's art was published in Contextos: Poemas by Juvenal Acosta Hernández.
# Tillandsia rubroviolacea

Tillandsia rubroviolacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.
# Carnegie Hall Jazz Band

The Carnegie Hall Jazz Band was a big band organized in 1991 by George Wein. Its musical director was Jon Faddis.
The group gave its first performance in October 1992, and gave concerts paying tribute to classic jazz musicians as well as new commissions or arrangements from living composers, including Muhal Richard Abrams, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Garnett Brown, John Clayton, Slide Hampton, Jimmy Heath, Dick Hyman, Jim McNeely, Randy Sandke, Maria Schneider, Frank Foster, Manny Albam, Michael Philip Mossman and Dennis Wilson. The band did worldwide tours in the period 1994–1996 and recorded several albums. It was active until 2002, when the new director of Carnegie Hall eliminated support for it in the 2002–2003 season.

## Discography

* The Carnegie Hall Salutes the Jazz Masters (Verve, 1994)
* The Carnegie Hall Jazz Band (Blue Note, 1996)
* Eastwood After Hours – Live At Carnegie Hall (Malpaso/Warner Bros. Records, 1997)
# Tim Cavagin

Tim Cavagin is a British sound engineer. He won an Academy Award and was nominated for one more in the category Best Sound for the films Baby Driver and Bohemian Rhapsody.

## Selected filmography

* Baby Driver (2017; co-nominated with Julian Slater and Mary H. Ellis)
* Bohemian Rhapsody (2018; co-won with Paul Massey and John Casali)
# Vergin

Vergin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Nureddin Vergin, Turkish diplomat
* Eugénie Vergin (1864–1941), French singer
# Verona Apartments (Springfield, Massachusetts)

The Verona Apartments is a significant multiunit residential building situated at the corner of Dwight and Allendale Streets in the North End of Springfield, Massachusetts. The four-story apartment house, constructed in 1906 in the Classical Revival style by a consortium of construction and real estate interests, is characterized by white brick exterior with alternating flat and rounded sections on both street-facing elevations.
The Verona's resident population witnessed changes reflecting Springfield's evolving demographics. Initially occupied by a predominantly working-class community, including teachers, retail store clerks, and factory workers from diverse ethnic backgrounds, the building also housed a few small business owners. However, by the 1980s, Springfield's North End had the highest proportion of substandard housing. The Verona, along with the nearby Calhoun Apartments, became part of major urban redevelopment plans. In 1983, The Verona was acquired by Housing Rehab, Inc., which initiated rehabilitation work in 1983. Unfortunately, the interior renovations carried out as part of the redevelopment plan resulted in the loss of all historic value inside the building, as it was gutted and replaced with modern construction. Exterior woodwork around entrances was also lost.
Subsequently, The Verona and Calhoun were transferred to Dwight Manor Associates, whose principals included individuals overseeing the rehabilitation. In 1997, property taxes fell into arrears, leading to the city's tax foreclosure on both properties in 2004. In 2006, the city transferred them to the Jefferson Park Limited Partnership for use as low and moderate-income housing.
# 1985 Asia Golf Circuit

The 1985 Asia Golf Circuit was the 24th season of the Asia Golf Circuit (formerly the Far East Circuit), the main professional golf tour in Asia since it was established in 1961.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1985 season.
| Date | Tournament | Host country | Purse (US$) | Winner | Other tours |
| 3 Mar | Cathay Pacific Hong Kong Open | Hong Kong | 150,000 | Mark Aebli (1) | |
| 10 Mar | Benson & Hedges Malaysian Open | Malaysia | 150,000 | Terry Gale (4) | |
| 17 Mar | Thailand Open | Thailand | 100,000 | Bill Israelson (1) | |
| 24 Mar | Indian Open | India | 100,000 | Tony Grimes (1) | |
| 31 Mar | Singapore Open | Singapore | 100,000 | Chen Tze-ming (6) | |
| 7 Apr | Indonesia Open | Indonesia | 100,000 | Lu Chien-soon (4) | |
| 14 Apr | Taiwan Open | Taiwan | 120,000 | Lu Liang-Huan (10) | |
| 21 Apr | Maekyung Open | South Korea | 120,000 | Chen Tze-chung (1) | |
| 28 Apr | Dunlop International Open | Japan | 200,000 | Chen Tze-chung (2) | JPN |

### Unofficial events

The following events were sanctioned by the Asia Golf Circuit, but did not carry official money, nor were wins official.
| Date | Tournament | Host country | Purse ($) | Winner | Notes |
| 24 Feb | Philippine Open | Philippines | 21,000 | Mark Aebli | |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system.
| Position | Player | Points |
| 1 | Chen Tze-ming | 715 |
| 2 | Rodger Davis | 557 |
# Canton of Gleizé

The Canton of Gleizé is a French administrative division, located in the Rhône department.
The canton was established in 2001 and modified by decree of 27 February 2014 which came into force in March 2015.

## Composition

The canton of gleizé is composed of 15 communes:
| Communes | Population (2012) |
| Arnas | 3,409 |
| Blacé | 1,430 |
| Denicé | 1,347 |
| Gleizé | 7,605 |
| Lacenas | 904 |
| Le Perréon | 1,436 |
| Limas | 4,549 |
| Montmelas-Saint-Sorlin | 438 |
| Rivolet | 564 |
| Saint-Cyr-le-Chatoux | 132 |
| Saint-Étienne-des-Oullières | 1,942 |
| Saint-Georges-de-Reneins | 4,292 |
| Saint-Julien | 821 |
| Salles-Arbuissonnas-en-Beaujolais | 816 |
| Vaux-en-Beaujolais | 1,064 |
# Voortman

Voortman may refer to:
* Voortman Cookies, Canadian cookie manufacturing company
* Linda Voortman, Dutch politician
# New Brunswick Route 120

Route 120 is a New Brunswick highway in Madawaska County that runs from a junction with Quebec Route 289 at Saint-Jean-de-la-Lande, Quebec, to New Brunswick Route 2 in Edmundston.

## Communities

* Lac-Baker
* Portage-du-Lac
* Caron Brook
* Baker Brook
* Saint-Hilaire
* Verret
* Edmundston
# Brickfield Hill

Brickfield Hill is a City of Sydney locality in the Sydney central business district, Australia. The name was used for the surrounding settlement serving the colony's growing need for bricks, and today is part of the suburb of Surry Hills.

## History

The first land grant of Brickfield Hill (George Street, between Liverpool and Goulburn Streets) was granted to Samuel Hockley in 1810 by Governor Macquarie, where Hockley set up a butchery. Hockley lived at Brickfield Hill until his death in 1859, where he was noted as one of the oldest colonists in Sydney.
Brickfield Hill was a Sydney postal address until postcodes were introduced in 1967, and roughly covered the area between Sydney Town Hall and Central station.
The area was used for brick-making, hence the term, up until the 1840s when land values rose and merchant stores, warehouses, and housing became more prominent, although the area remained a relatively poor 'slum' area of the city.
In 1905, following the destruction of their Haymarket store by fire in 1901, Anthony Hordern & Sons opened their new Palace Emporium on Brickfield Hill, the construction of which involved the demolition of several houses including Samuel Hordern's birthplace. Following the demise of the Hordern retailing empire, the building was used by the New South Wales Institute of Technology Faculty of Business and later also Faculty of Law, from 1967 to 1984. The building was controversially demolished in 1985–1986 and was eventually replaced by the World Square development.
# Brieuil-sur-Chizé

Brieuil-sur-Chizé is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## Geography

The commune is traversed by the river Boutonne.
# Brieulles

Brieulles may refer to two communes in France:
* Brieulles-sur-Bar, in the Ardennes department
* Brieulles-sur-Meuse, in the Meuse department