OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White bullhead

The white bullhead (Ameiurus catus), also known as the white catfish, is a member of the family Ictaluridae of the order Siluriformes.

## Distribution

The white bullhead is native to river systems of the Eastern United States from the Hudson River in New York to the Peace River in Florida and west to the Apalachicola River, Florida. White bullheads may have migrated naturally into Connecticut rivers as a result of the white bullhead's salt tolerance. Elsewhere, the white bullhead has been widely introduced as a food and game fish, notably into California waters as a result of intentional stocking near Stockton in 1874. It has additionally become established in the Columbia River basin and in Puerto Rico as an introduced species. It was reportedly introduced to the Philippines but did not become established there. Escapees from fee-fishing ponds and stocked lakes have led to the establishment of white bullhead in Missouri.

## Description

Ameiurus catus has a head with eight barbels, two nasal, two maxillary and four chin. It is scaleless. It has a spine on the anterior edge of its dorsal and pectoral fins. It usually has six dorsal soft rays. It does not have palatine teeth. It typically weighs between 0.5 and 2.0 pounds (0.23 and 0.91 kg), however, it can attain weights upwards of 10 pounds (4.5 kg).

## Habitat

Ameiurus catus prefers sluggish, mud-bottom pools and backwaters of rivers and streams, and does well in lakes and large impoundments.

## Behavior
### Feeding

White catfish feed mostly on the bottom, where they eat other fish and aquatic insects. They feed most actively at dusk and through the night mostly on bottom-dwelling insects, worms, amphipods, and other small invertebrates.

### Reproduction

Reproduction occurs from April to July when the water temperature ranges between 65 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C). A gelatinous mass of eggs is deposited in a cavity created by hollow logs or undercut banks. The male guards the nest and incubates the eggs by continually fanning fresh water over them.

## Ecology

Predation by introduced white bullheads contributed to the extirpation of Sacramento perch (Archoplites interruptus) from Thurston Lake by 1970. The white bullhead commercial fishery in California was closed in 1953 due to concern of overfishing, and it is not currently considered to be an invasive species by the state.
# Sheraton

Sheraton may refer to:
* Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, a hotel chain
* Sheraton, County Durham, a village in County Durham, in England
* Sheraton Centre (Barbados), a mall complex located in the parish of Christ Church, Barbados
* Sheraton style, an 18th-century neoclassical furniture style, so called after Thomas Sheraton
* Epiphone Sheraton, a guitar manufactured by Gibson's Epiphone division

## People

* Mimi Sheraton (1926–2023), American food critic
* Thomas Sheraton (1751–1806), English furniture designer
# Bruch's membrane

Bruch's membrane or lamina vitrea is the innermost layer of the choroid of the eye. It is also called the vitreous lamina or Membrane vitriae, because of its glassy microscopic appearance. It is 2–4 μm thick.

## Anatomy
### Structure

Bruch's membrane consists of five layers (from inside to outside):
* the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium
* the inner collagenous zone
* a central band of elastic fibers
* the outer collagenous zone
* the basement membrane of the choriocapillaris

### Development

The membrane grows thicker with age. With age, lipid-containing extracellular deposits may accumulate between the membrane and the basal lamina of the retinal pigmental epithelium, impairing exchange of solutes and contributing to age-related pathology.

#### Embryology

Bruch's membrane is present by midterm in fetal development as an elastic sheet.

## Function

The membrane is involved in the regulation of fluid and solute passage from the choroid to the retina.

## Pathology

Bruch's membrane thickens with age, slowing the transport of metabolites. This may lead to the formation of drusen in age-related macular degeneration. There is also a buildup of deposits (Basal Linear Deposits or BLinD and Basal Lamellar Deposits BLamD) on and within the membrane, primarily consisting of phospholipids. The accumulation of lipids appears to be greater in the central fundus than in the periphery. This build up seems to fragment the membrane into a lamellar structure more like puff-pastry than a barrier. Inflammatory and neovascular mediators can then invite choroidal vessels to grow into and beyond the fragmented membrane. This neovascular membrane destroys the architecture of the outer retina and leads to sudden loss of central vision – wet age related macular degeneration.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, myopia and trauma can also cause defects in Bruch's membrane which may lead to choroidal neovascularization. Alport's Syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting the alpha(IV) collagen chains, can also lead to defects in the Bruch membrane such as 'dot and fleck' retinopathy. Angioid streaks cause calcification, thickening and breaks in Bruch's membrane.

## Eponym

Bruch's membrane was named after the German anatomist Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Bruch.
# Megachile fastidiosa

Megachile fastidiosa is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Mitchell in 1930.
# Mersey (1801 ship)

Mersey was a ship launched at Chittagong in 1801 and wrecked in the Torres Strait, Australia, about mid-June 1804. She was the first merchantman lost in the Strait.
Mersey was built in Chittagong in 1801 and registered at Fort William, India. At the time of her loss her captain and owner was James Wilson.
Mersey, Captain Wilson, arrived at Sydney on 10 April 1804 with a cargo chiefly consisting of sugar, port and Madeira wine, cordage, and some piece goods. An advertisement on 22 April announced the sale on Monday 23 April of Mersey's cargo. The advertisement provided a rich, detailed listing of the cargo.
Philip Gidley King, governor of New South Wales, on 15 May 1804 announced that Mersey would return to India via an "hithertoo unfrequented passage to Torres Strait in the track of Captain Flinders." King had chartered Mersey to purchase 250 cows from Bengal and deliver them to Hobart, Tasmania.
Mersey left Port Jackson on 24 May 1804 for Bengal with a cargo of 1632 feet of timber. While passing through the Torres Strait, Mersey was totally wrecked. The whaler Policy brought the news on 17 November 1804 from Timor.
Only 17 crew and the captain were saved by sailing in a longboat to Timor; 56 others had perished. After refitting the longboat at Dili the survivors reached Bencoolen from where they sailed to Madras on an Acehen vessel. Captain Wilson arrived in Calcutta 20 September 1804 on board Margaret, from Madras.
# 2002 Cornell Big Red football team

The 2002 Cornell Big Red football team represented Cornell University in the 2002 NCAA Division I-AA football season. They were led by third-year head coach Tim Pendergast and played their home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York. They finished the season 4–6 overall and 3–4 in Ivy League play, finishing fifth.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 21 | 7:00 p.m. | at Bucknell* | Christy Mathewson–Memorial StadiumLewisburg, PA | L 3–14 | 6,922 |
| September 28 | 1:00 p.m. | Yale | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 23–50 | 13,224 |
| October 5 | 1:00 p.m. | Towson* | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | W 34–31 | 4,242 |
| October 12 | 1:00 p.m. | at Harvard | Harvard StadiumBoston, MA | L 23–52 | 6,533 |
| October 19 | 6:00 p.m. | Colgate* | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | L 13–42 | 5,642 |
| October 26 | 1:00 p.m. | at Brown | Brown StadiumProvidence, RI | W 10–7 | 7,014 |
| November 2 | 1:00 p.m. | Princeton | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY | L 25–32 | |
| November 9 | 1:00 p.m. | Dartmouth | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | W 21–19 | |
| November 16 | 12:30 p.m. | at Columbia | Wien StadiumNew York, NY (rivalry) | W 17–14 | 2,715 |
| November 23 | 1:00 p.m. | Penn | Schoellkopf FieldIthaca, NY (rivalry) | L 0–31 | 4,090 |
| *Non-conference gameAll times are in Eastern time |||||||
# Perennial (disambiguation)

A perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years.
Perennial or perennials may also refer to:
* Perennial, the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Society, a British charity
* Harper Perennial, a paperback imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
* Perennial (Vera Blue album), by Vera Blue, 2017
* Perennial (Woods album), by Woods, 2023
* Perennial philosophy, a spiritual philosophy
* Perennial (terminology), a mindset of a group of people who share common interests
* "Perennials", a song by the American band Bright from their self-titled album
# Formula Zero

Formula Zero was an organization based out of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and was founded in 2003. Its vision was to demonstrate that zero emissions technology can be both fun and sustainable at the same time by racing to get people interested in hydrogen fuel cell technology. In 2005, Formula Zero began construction of the Mark 2, the world's first fully functional fuel-cell powered go-kart using ultracapacitors for energy storage. On October 26, 2006, the Mark 2 set an official FIA record of 1/8 of a mile in 11.869 seconds. The Mark 2 was featured on the Discovery Channel as a part of the FutureCar television series. Formula Zero set a new FIA record with the Mark 2 in September 2007.
The 2008 Formula Zero Championship was the world's first hydrogen fuel cell race series. The first race series consisted of six universities from all over the world competing in time-trialed races on a two-mile mobile race track. Potential race locations include London, Spain and several other international cities, including one in the USA (South Carolina, March 2009). The Championship began on August 22, 2008 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
In March 2011, the Formula Zero Championship project was shut down with no further events planned.

## Competing Teams

| Team | University | Country |
| Element One | Lawrence Technological University | United States |
| Greenchoice Forze | TU Delft | The Netherlands |
| Imperial Racing Green | Imperial College London | United Kingdom |
| EUPLATech2 | EUPLA | Spain |
| Zero Emission Racing Team | Groep T | Belgium |
| HercUCLAs | University of California-Los Angeles | United States |
# While You Can

While You Can is the first studio album from American Pop singer, Lucy Woodward, released in April 2003 on Atlantic Records. The standard version of the album contains 11 songs, while the version of the album released in Japan contains two bonus tracks, "Vine To Vine" and "(There's Gotta Be) More To Life", which in turn was later recorded by pop singer Stacie Orrico. It went on to become a moderate success for Orrico.
The debut single from the album, "Dumb Girls," was released in February 2003 and remains Woodward's biggest hit to date. The second and third singles, "Blindsided" and "Trouble With Me," failed to make a major impact; however, the song "What's Good For Me" was a minor success, appearing on several soundtracks, including for the 2003 film What a Girl Wants.

## Track listing

* Dumb Girls 3:40
* Blindsided 3:24
* Trust Me (You Don't Wanna See This) 3:13
* Is This Hollywood 3:32
* Trouble With Me 3:44
* What's Good For Me 4:01
* Standing 4:12
* The Breakdown 3:42
* Always Something 3:59
* Gettin' It On 3:20
* Done 4:07
* More To Life (Japan Bonus Track) 2:54
* Vine To Vine (Japan Bonus Track) 4:14

## Singles

* "Dumb Girls" (2003)
* "Blindsided" (2003)
* "Trouble With Me" (2004)
| Chart (2003) | Peak position |
| US Billboard 200 | 148 |
| US Top Heatseekers | 6 |

## Release history

List of release dates, showing region, release format, label and catalog number :
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalog | Ref |
| Australia | 14 July 2003 | Compact disc | Warner Bros. Records | 7567932042 | |
# Cerro Pelado, Ngäbe-Buglé

Cerro Pelado is a corregimiento in Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca in the Republic of Panama.
# Voutré

Voutré (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France.
# Charles Tjessem

Charles Tjessem (born 5 May 1971, in Sandnes) is a Norwegian chef, and winner of the 2003 Bocuse d'Or. The victory was achieved over the French chef Frank Putelat by the smallest margin of points to date in the competition.
Tjessem is currently a chef and owner of the restaurant Charles & De in Sandnes. He was coached for the Bocuse d'Or by Odd Ivar Solvold, and had previously trained under Bent Stiansen, and Eyvind Hellstrøm during two years at Bagatelle, worked as a daily manager for Gastronomisk Institutt in Stavanger, as a chef for the petroleum company Statoil, and was captain of the Norwegian national chef team in the period 2000 to 2004. Tjessem ended his competitive career with parting criticism aimed at the arrangers of the International Exhibition of Culinary Art.
Tjessem published the book Rett skal være rett in 2006.
# Melanie Plimmer

Melanie Plimmer is a British barrister and Diversity and Community Relations Judge (DCRJ) in the Upper Tribunal Immigration and Asylum Chamber (Manchester and London). She was formerly a member of Garden Court North Chambers and then of Kings Chambers. In 2006 The Times named her as "Lawyer of the Week" for her work in the case of an Iranian woman claiming refugee status. She has specialised in immigration and prison law and has taught training sessions for the Association of Prison Lawyers, the Equality and Human Rights Commission and The Public Law Project.
Plimmer was born in Trinidad. In June 2020 she appeared as a guest on Simon Armitage's BBC Radio 4 series The Poet Laureate Has Gone To His Shed.
# Cadeby

Cadeby may refer to:
* Cadeby, Leicestershire, England
* Cadeby, Lincolnshire, England
* Cadeby, South Yorkshire, England
# Maryland Terrapins softball

The Maryland Terrapins softball team represents University of Maryland, College Park in NCAA Division I college softball. The team participates in the Big Ten Conference. The Terrapins are currently led by head coach Lauren Karn. The team plays its home games at Maryland Softball Stadium located on the university's campus.

## History
### Coaching history

| Years | Coach | Record | % |
| 1995–2005 | Gina LaMandre | 338–263–1 | .562 |
| 2006–2014 | Laura Watten | 269–193 | .582 |
| 2015 | Courtney Deifel | 27–27 | .500 |
| 2016–2019 | Julie Wright | 61–147–1 | .294 |
| 2020–2023 | Mark Montgomery | 98–78 | .557 |

## Awards
### Big Ten Freshman of the Year

* Jaeda McFarland, 2021
# Eucalyptus kruseana

Eucalyptus krueseana, commonly known as book-leaf mallee, is a mallee that is endemic to inland Western Australia. It has smooth bark that is shed in ribbons, a crown of sessile, juvenile leaves, glaucous flower buds and greenish yellow flowers.

## Description

Eucalyptus kruseana is a straggly mallee with smooth coppery to dark grey bark that is shed in ribbons, but rough and fibrous near the base. It typically grows to a height of 2–3.5 m (6 ft 7 in – 11 ft 6 in) with white, waxy branchlets. Juvenile leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, sessile, heart-shaped to more or less round, 10–25 mm (0.39–0.98 in) long and wide, and the same dull grey colour on both sides. Adult leaves rarely develop in the crown. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long, each bud on a pedicel 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long. Mature buds are oval, glaucous, 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) wide with a conical operculum. Greenish yellow flowers appear mainly from June to September but have been observed in February, March and May. The fruit is a barrel-shaped to cup-shaped, woody capsule.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus kruseana was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1895 in the Australasian Journal of Pharmacy.
In 1910, Joseph Maiden described Eucalyptus morrisonii in the Journal of the Natural History and Science Society of Western Australia, but in 1920 accepted that it was the same as E. kruseana and that E. morrisonii is therefore a synonym.
The specific epithet honours John Kruse, a German born pharmacist, who worked in Melbourne.

## Distribution and habitat

It has a restricted distribution on granite hills and among granite outcrops east and south east of Kalgoorlie, from Cardunia Rock north of Karonie to Binyarinyinna Rock and east of Higginsville, usually found on or near granite rock in south eastern Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loam soils.

## Use in horticulture

Like most mallees the small tree forms multiple stems from a lignotuber, but in cultivation E . kruseana often forms a single stem.Book-leaf mallee is sold commercially as tube stock or in seed form. It is drought and frost tolerant and prefers a full sun position. Sold as an ornamental for small or large gardens, it is used for privacy screening, for shade, for hedging or as a feature. It can withstand hard pruning to give the plant a better shape.
# Formula fiction

In popular culture, formula fiction is literature in which the storylines and plots have been reused to the extent that the narratives are predictable. It is similar to genre fiction, which identifies a number of specific settings that are frequently reused. The label of formula fiction is used in literary criticism as a mild pejorative to imply lack of originality.

## Varieties

The formula is defined specifically by predictable narrative structure. Formulaic tales incorporate plots that have been reused so often as to be easily recognizable. Perhaps the most clearly formulaic plots characterize the romantic comedy genre; in a book or film labeled as such, viewers already know its most basic central plot, including to some extent the ending. This does not always prove to be detrimental to a given work's reception however, as the popularity of the aforementioned genre demonstrates.
Formula fiction is often stereotypically associated with early pulp magazine markets, though some works published in that medium, such as "The Cold Equations", subvert the supposed expectations of the common narrative formula of that time.

## Distinct from genre conventions

The formula is limited to structure of the plot itself. It does not include conventional, stereotypical elements of the genre used for the story background. Genres like high fantasy, westerns, and space opera (an adventure story in a science fiction setting) often have specific settings, such as a pseudo-Medieval European setting, the Old West, or outer space.
For any given genre, certain assumed background information covers the nature and purpose of predictable elements of the story, such as the appearance of dragons and wizards in high fantasy, warp drives and rayguns in science fiction, or shootouts at high noon in Westerns. These are taken as conventional in the genre and do not need to be explained anew to the reader, they may be included implicitly as part of the genre's formula, but they do not constitute the plot structure that makes a story formulaic.
Note however that stereotypical elements can also easily be treated subversively, to contradict some of the expectations inherent in the genre's formula.

## Distinct from pastiche fiction

Formula fiction should not be confused with pastiche: Fiction mimicking another work or author's style. Comedy as a whole – including parody, satire, and subgenres such as romantic comedy – often relies on either formulaic elements, or mocking contradiction of such elements.
Though pastiche may naturally include formulaic elements, the same holds true of parody and satire. All may well include formulaic elements such as common stereotypes or caricatures, or which may use formulaic elements in order to mock them or point out their supposedly cliché or unrealistic natures.
# Elst, Belgium

Elst is a village belonging to the municipality of Brakel. It is located in the Denderstreek in the province East Flanders in Belgium.

## Overview

The village was mentioned in 977 as Elsuth. There are two mills in the village. The oldest is the Perlinckmolen [nl], an overshot watermill, which originated from before 898, and is one of the oldest in Belgium. The current mill was reconstructed in 1571. In 1859, it was severely damaged in a storm. In 1974, it stopped operations, and was declared a monument the next year.
The Leberg is located in the village. It is a steep 99 metre hill, and has become known as a significant obstacle in the Tour of Flanders.
Elst is known for its Geutelingen, a kind of pancake.

## Gallery

* View on Elst
* Former boys school
* Landscape around Elst
* School in Elst
# Bruneau Laurette

Bruneau Laurette (Born 20 June 1974) is a Mauritian social activist and politician.

## Political impact

On 29 August 2020, Bruneau Laurette gathered a mass of the Mauritian population who protested to bring in a drastic change in the way politics was done in Mauritius and was in favour of voting a new government.
On 2 March 2021, Bruneau Laurette, announced the creation of his political party. On 7 March 2023, Laurette joined One Moris, the party of Sherry Singh, former CEO of Mauritius Telecom.

## Arrest

On 4 November 2022, Bruneau Laurette and his son were arrested. The police seized firearms and 46 kg of hashish in the activist's house and car. According to Laurette, he was the victim of a set-up. Laurette was released on bail on 27 February 2023.
# Charles Todd

Charles Todd may refer to:
* Caroline and Charles Todd, American mystery novelists
* Charles Burr Todd (1849–1928), American historian
* Charles Edward Todd (1858–1917), son of Charles Todd (pioneer), medical doctor in Adelaide
* Charles Haukes Todd, Chief Commissioner of the British Crown Colony of Burma, 1887–1890
* Charles Hawkes Todd (1784–1826), president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
* Charles Lafayette Todd (1911–2004), American folklorist
* Charles Leonard Todd (1871–1932), American businessman, farmer, and politician
* Charles Stewart Todd (1791–1871), United States army officer and ambassador
* Charles Todd (pioneer) (1826–1910), Australian astronomer and builder of telegraph lines
* Charles Todd (industrialist) (1868–1942), New Zealand businessman
* Charlie Todd, founder of Improv Everywhere
* Chuck Todd (born 1972), political correspondent
# William Roberts (Australian politician)

William Roberts (1821 – 1 July 1900) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Sydney to William Roberts and Susannah Jane Moss. On 2 April 1842 he married Louisa Wilhelmina Kemp, with whom he had nine children. A solicitor from 1845, he practised in Sydney from 1851 and in Goulburn from 1858. In 1859 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Goulburn, but he was defeated in 1860. Roberts returned to Sydney in 1871 and died there in 1900.