OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Phyllostachys bambusoides

Phyllostachys bambusoides, commonly called madake, giant timber bamboo, or Japanese timber bamboo, is a species of flowering plant in the bamboo subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, native to China, and possibly also to Japan.

## Description

Phyllostachys bambusoides is a "running" (monopodial type) evergreen bamboo which can reach a height of roughly 20 m (66 ft) and a diameter of 10 cm (3.9 in). The culms are dark green, with a thin wall that thickens with maturity, and very straight, with long internodes and two distinctive rings at the node. The species is thin-skinned, easily split lengthwise, has long fibres, and is strong and highly flexible, even when split finely.
Leaves are dark green, and the sheaths are strong and hairless. New stalks emerge in late spring and grow at a rate of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) a day; one specimen produced culms growing a remarkable 120 cm (47 in) in 24 hours. The flowering interval of this species is very long, lasting roughly 120 years.

## Uses

In Asia, Phyllostachys bambusoides, known in Japan as madake, is one of the preferred bamboos for construction and furniture manufacture. Its properties also make it useful in a number of traditional Japanese arts and crafts:
* Both madake and Phyllostachys edulis (known in Japanese as moso) are used in the making of shakuhachi flutes
* The hairless and flexible sheaths of madake - known as takekawa or takenokawa - make it apt for wrapping food, and in the production of baren woodblock printing tools.
* The uniform, plain-colour sheaths of the variety kashirodake were traditionally used to weave the coverings of some geta, a covering known as tatami omote; however, in modern times, the variety used is a different and unknown species, grown in China and bleached to be plain in colour.
* The long internodes and equally long fibres of the bamboo make it ideal for traditional basket-weaving and the production of fans.
Phyllostachys bambusoides is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate zones worldwide, with numerous cultivars being available. Some grow to extreme lengths and heights, making them typically only suitable for parks and large gardens; however, more compact cultivars are available.
The following cultivars are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
* 'Castillonii' – yellow canes, 4.5 m (15 ft)
* 'Holochrysa' – rich yellow canes, 8 m (26 ft)

## Gallery

* P. bambusoides 'Violascens'
* P. bambusoides 'Holochrysa'
* Branch of P. bambusoides
* Leaf of 'P. bambusoides f castillonis
# Alexis Coquillard

Alexis Coquillard (September 28, 1795 – January 8, 1855) was an American fur trader, explorer, and the founder of South Bend, Indiana.

## Early life

Alexis Coquillard was born on September 28, 1795, in Detroit. He fought in the War of 1812 under William Henry Harrison.
His parents, Alexis Cerat (Serat) dit Coquillard and Cecile Tremblay, were born in Montreal, as were his paternal grandparents, Jean-Baptiste Cerat dit Coquillard (1716–1771) and Marie-Madeleine Jourdain (1719–1791).

## Career

After the war, Coquillard moved to the St. Joseph River valley in 1823. Coquillard was involved in the treaties with the Tippecanoe and Chicago after the 1814 peace.
Coquillard was a friend to Father Edward Sorin, and was instrumental in the founding of the University of Notre Dame in 1842. His nephew, Alexis T. Coquillard, was one of the first students of the university.
Coquillard had been a fur trader, an industry heavily dependent on Native labor. In the period after Indian removal, he became a removal contractor, known as a “conductor,” capturing individuals who had evaded removal. In 1839, Coquillard built the first mill in South Bend with John A. Hendricks and John Rush. He also built a second flour mill called the Merchant's Mill. He established the Kankakee Race.
In 1840, Coquillard was appointed to assist with the Indian removal of the Potawatomi. Coquillard and Lathrop M. Taylor gifted land for the South Bend City Cemetery.

## Personal life

Coquillard married Frances C. Comparet of Detroit. They had one child, Alexis T.
Coquillard died following a head injury from a beam falling during a fire at his mill on January 6, 1855. He died on January 8, 1855, at the age of 59. He was buried at Cedar Grove Cemetery on the Notre Dame campus.
# Virattu

Virattu (transl. Scare) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language thriller film produced and directed by Kumar T. The film stars T Kumar's son Sujiv and Erica Fernandes, while Pragya Jaiswal and Manobala appear in other pivotal roles. The film was released on 21 February 2014 to average reviews, while the dubbed Telugu version Dega was released on 28 November 2014.

## Cast

* Sujiv as Sujiv
* Erica Fernandes as Sri
* Amit Tiwari as Kalki
* Pragya Jaiswal as Mavi
* Manobala
* Suman Setty
* Shankar Melkote

## Production

Sequences were filmed on a train travelling from Thailand to Malaysia and the stunt scenes were composed by Dho Dho of Thailand and Williams of Malaysia. Further scenes were canned in New Zealand.

## Music

The film's audio was released in June 2013 by R. B. Choudary, while S. J. Surya received the first copy at a launch event. The film has four songs with four different lyricists contributing – Madhan Karky, Na. Muthukumar, Vignesh Shivan and Lallu. The film's soundtrack opened to average reviews, with a music critic noting it was as "mercurial as its composer". The song "Podhum Podhum" was released with a promotional video featuring the lead singers Andrea Jeremiah and Naresh Iyer and was well received by critics.

## Release and reception

The film opened on 21 March 2014 to average reviews.
# Carl T. Schmidt

Carl Theodore Schmidt (March 7, 1906 – October 17, 1958) was an American scholar.

## Education and academic career

He was educated at the University of California, Berkeley, where was he awarded a BS in 1928 and a PhD in 1931. His doctoral thesis was titled "Cyclical Fluctuations in German Economy, 1924–1930". In October 1931, he was appointed as a research associate with the National Bureau of Economic Research in New York.
He was a lecturer in economics at the Columbia University. In 1940, he testified before the House of Representatives' Select Committee to Investigate the Interstate Migration of Destitute Citizens. During World War II, Schmidt was an officer in the United States Army.

## Works
### Books

* German Business Cycles, 1924–1933 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1934).
* The Plough and the Sword: Labor, Land, and Property in Fascist Italy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938).
* The Corporate State in Action: Italy under Fascism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1939).
* American Farmers in the World Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941).

### Articles

* 'The Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research', Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 39, No. 1 (Feb., 1931), pp. 101–103.
* 'The German Institute for Business Cycle Research', The American Economic Review, Vol. 21, No. 1 (Mar., 1931), pp. 63–66.
* (with Erich A. Otto), 'Das National Bureau of Economic Research in New York', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 38. Bd. (1933), pp. 571–576.
* 'The Italian "Battle of Wheat"', Journal of Farm Economics, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Nov., 1936), pp. 645–656.
* 'La Propiedad y la Empresa Agrícolas Bajo el Fascismo Italiano', El Trimestre Económico, Vol. 4, No. 15 (1937), pp. 251–287.
* 'Agricultural Property and Enterprise under Italian Fascism', Science & Society, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Spring, 1937), pp. 326–349.
* 'Land Reclamation in Fascist Italy', Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Sep., 1937), pp. 340–363.
* 'Concentration of Joint-Stock Enterprise in Italy', The American Economic Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, Part 1 (Mar., 1940), pp. 82–86.
# Osyozu-ike Dam

Osyozu-ike Dam is an earthfill dam located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 3.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 10 ha of land when full and can store 712 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was completed in 1969.
# WLAT (disambiguation)

WLAT is a radio station (910 AM) licensed to New Britain, Connecticut, United States. It may also refer to the following broadcasting stations in the United States:
* WNEZ, a radio station (1230 AM) licensed to Manchester, Connecticut, which held the call sign WLAT from 1991 to 2001
* WYAV, a radio station (104.1 FM) licensed to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, which held the call sign WLAT from 1978 to 1984
* WPJS, a radio station (1330 AM) licensed to Conway, South Carolina, which held the call sign WLAT from 1945 to 1988
# Brian Segal

Brian Segal CM (born 1943) is a former Canadian publishing executive and university administrator. He was the president and CEO of the Rogers Publishing division of Rogers Communications.
Previously, Segal had been president of Ryerson Polytechnical Institute from 1980 to 1988 and president of the University of Guelph from 1988 until 1992 when he left to join Maclean Hunter Publications (now Rogers Publishing) as the publisher of Maclean's magazine. He served as a publisher of Maclean's magazine and vice-president of Rogers Publishing until 1999 when he became President and CEO of Rogers Publishing until retiring in 2012.
In his academic career, Segal earned his undergraduate degree at McGill University from 1960 to 1964, a Master of Social Work at Yeshiva University from 1964 to 1967, and a Master of Science and PhD from the University of Pittsburgh from 1967 to 1971 with a speciality in public health. He subsequently taught at Florida State University from 1971 to 1973, Carleton University from 1973 to 1980, and then Ryerson Polytechnical Institute where he entered administration. He has also been chair of the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Nutrition, chair of the Government of Canada's National Innovations Advisory Committee and a director of IBM Canada, Union Gas, Sun Life Trust, and Schneider Corporation as well as a past chairman of the Shaw Festival. Other positions include a Strategic Planning Director with the Canadian Government's Department of Secretary of State, a founding member of Design Exchange, and a Campaign Cabinet member for the United Way of Toronto.
Segal's honours and awards include a Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) from Ryerson University in 2008 and a Legacy Laureate from the University of Pittsburgh in 2011. In 2009, he was named Ryerson University's Distinguished Visiting Executive, and Chair of the Ted Rogers Leadership Centre. Segal was made a member of the Order of Canada in 2021.
He is the brother of former Canadian senator Hugh Segal.
# Eggert Magnússon

Eggert Magnússon (born 20 February 1947) is an Icelandic businessman and former president of the Football Association of Iceland and ex-chairman of West Ham United. Eggert is a former owner and CEO of an import/export and bread and biscuit manufacturing company.

## Brief football history

Eggert was president of the Football Association of Iceland (KSÍ), and was an important voice on the UEFA Executive Committee as a representative of one of UEFA's smaller member associations, but had to resign due to the takeover of West Ham United FC.
Eggert was elected to the UEFA Executive Committee in April 2002, after previous membership of the Licensed Match Agents panel (1992–94). Fair Play Committee (1994–96) and Club Competitions Committee (1996–2002). Eggert contributes to the development of women's football as the Executive Committee's representative on the Women's Football Committee, also Eggert is a member of the Clubs and Leagues Working Group.

## Takeover of West Ham United
### Takeover

On 21 November 2006, West Ham announced that they had reached an agreement with a consortium headed by Eggert for the sale of the club, worth £85m.

### Manager change

After a run of bad results Eggert sacked manager Alan Pardew on 11 December 2006, replacing him with Alan Curbishley.

### Change of duties

On 18 September 2007, it was announced that Eggert would step down as executive chairman but would still retain the role as club non-executive chairman overseeing a new management structure, and would keep his stake in the club. Shortly after the change, on 13 December 2007, it was announced that Eggert had left West Ham and that his 5 per cent holding had been bought by club majority owner Björgólfur Guðmundsson.
# Varsity (fight song)

"Varsity" is a fight song of the University of Michigan.

## History

It was composed by two Michigan students, J. Fred Lawton and Earl Vincent Moore, while they were riding a street car in Detroit in 1911. Lawton had graduated from Michigan in June 1911, and met Moore in Detroit that October. Moore suggested to Lawton that the university needed a new fight song, and that the two of them should create it. Lawton wrote the lyrics while Moore composed the music for the song.
"Varsity" was written in 1911 as a replacement for "The Victors", which includes the line "Champions of the West" that no longer applied to Michigan athletics after the university departed the Western Conference. Michigan football coach Fielding H. Yost pulled Michigan out of the conference in 1907 due to changes made to its recruiting and eligibility rules, and the football team played as an independent for the next decade before rejoining what ultimately became the Big Ten Conference. According to University of Michigan music historian Joseph Dobos, "The Victors" had all but disappeared from campus in the 1900s, and the most popular songs at football games and pep rallies were the alma mater, "The Yellow and Blue", and a modified version of "Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight" that included Michigan-specific lyrics.
"Varsity" was first played at a Friday night pep rally held at University Hall on October 6, 1911, where Michigan Marching Band director Eugene Fischer heard it and agreed to play it the very next day during the football team's game against Case. It is likely that Fischer made his own band arrangement of the song overnight. After the performance of "Varsity" at halftime of the Case game, The Michigan Daily called it "stirring" and opined that it would become "one of Michigan's most popular songs". It was featured in the song book Michigan’s Favorite College Songs in 1913, the third and final major song book to be produced by the university.
In 1917, "The Victors" began being played again as Michigan returned to the Western Conference, and it surpassed "Varsity" in popularity during the 1920s. In 1951, the "M Fanfare", the university fanfare, was composed from both of Michigan's fight songs, "Varsity" and "The Victors", as well as its alma mater, "The Yellow and Blue".
In 1969, Lawton, aged 81, collapsed and died just outside Michigan Stadium following a football game against Wisconsin during which he guest conducted the Michigan Marching Band in playing "Varsity". The marching band continues to play the song regularly at Michigan football games.

## Lyrics

   Men of Michigan onto victory, Ev'ry man in ev'ry play. Michigan expects her Varsity to win today! Rah! Rah! Win for Michigan! Varsity, Down the field. Never yield, Raise high our shield. March on to victory for Michigan, And the Maize and Blue. Oh Varsity, We're for you, Here for you to cheer for you. We have no fear for you. Oh Varsity!
# MRPS18A

28S ribosomal protein S18a, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS18A gene.
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S18P family. The encoded protein is one of three that has significant sequence similarity to bacterial S18 proteins. The primary sequences of the three human mitochondrial S18 proteins are no more closely related to each other than they are to the prokaryotic S18 proteins. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 3p.
# Caxton Press (United Kingdom)

Frank Wawne (1900–1995) founded the Caxton Press at Shildon, County Durham, in the United Kingdom in 1930.

## History

The business specialised in letterpress printing, and had two 19th-century, belt-driven, hand-fed printing presses, a Gordon and a Golding. In World War II, Wawne took the unusual step of ordering a printing press for the business from Heidelberg, a German manufacturer. Hostilities meant that the sheet-fed crown platen could not be delivered until 1952.
The company went from strength to strength, specialising in business cards, invitations and bespoke wedding stationery, running from the original 'tin hut' in Mafeking Place, Shildon. On Wawne's retirement in 1989, the business was taken over by a Worthing firm.
The introduction of modern processes, including the offset printing methods and the introduction of computerised typesetting, led to the closure of the major letterpress suppliers, forcing the business to close its letterpress side of the business in October 2002 after 72 years.
The business had no connection with William Caxton (1422–1491), the first British printer, whose business was at the sign of the "Red Pale".
# Tikkun Leil Shavuot

Tikkun Leil Shavuot (Shavuot night fixing) is a study order intended for the eve of the Shavuot holiday, which includes beginnings and endings of Torah portions, and it is also called the traditional Torah study on the eve of the Shavuot holiday that lasts all night.
According to tradition, the Torah was given to the People of Israel in the morning of the Shavuot holiday, and the study is the preparation for the day of the Giving of the Torah. The source of the custom is the Zohar book, which was widely distributed in the thirteenth century, and since then the custom has spread to most Jewish communities.

## The Origin of the Name and the Reasons for the Custom

The name "Tikkun Leil Shavuot" comes from the Zohar book, where the Aramaic word "tikkun" appears, which in Hebrew means "adornment". The idea is that the people who recite the "tikkun" are the groomsmen who adorn the bride-the Torah, during the night, in preparation for her entering the wedding canopy the next morning, at the time of the reading of the Ten Commandments.
Some explain the name of the custom from the word "hatkana" (Installation) - preparation for the receiving of the Torah that a Jew is supposed to feel anew each year on the day the Torah was given.
Another reason given for the term 'tikkun' is that the study of the Torah on the night before the Giving of the Torah rectifies the sin of the Children of Israel who, according to the Midrash on the Song of Songs, slept late on the day the Torah was given, instead of watching eagerly, and the Holy One, Blessed be He, had to wake them with thunder and lightning.
# Otila

Otila may refer to:
* Jyrki Otila, a Finnish quiz show host
* 913 Otila, an asteroid
# Encrasima elaeopis

Encrasima elaeopis is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1916. It is found in Sri Lanka.
The wingspan is 20–22 mm. The forewings are ochreous yellow, more or less greyish tinged except towards the costa. The stigmata are blackish, the plical somewhat beyond the first discal. There is an almost marginal row of blackish dots around the posterior part of the costa and termen. The hindwings are grey.
# WAEB

WAEB may refer to:
* WAEB (AM), a radio station (790 AM) licensed to Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
* WAEB-FM, a radio station (104.1 FM) licensed to Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
# Brian Wesenberg

Brian Wesenberg (born May 9, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played in one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers during the 1998–99 season. Wesenberg was born in Peterborough, Ontario.

## Playing career

Wesenberg was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the second round of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. Anaheim traded his NHL rights in March 1996 to the Philadelphia Flyers for Anatoli Semenov and Mike Crowley. Wesenberg signed a contract with the Flyers that offseason and started his professional career with their American Hockey League affiliate, the Philadelphia Phantoms, in the 1997 Calder Cup playoffs. He was a member of the Phantoms’ 1998 Calder Cup championship team.
Wesenberg was called up by the Flyers late in the 1998–99 season and made his NHL debut on April 10 against the Washington Capitals. In what proved to be his lone NHL game, Wesenberg played only two shifts totaling 1 minute and 8 seconds before leaving the game with a mild concussion after fighting Washington’s Trevor Halverson.
Two months into the 1999–2000 season, the Flyers traded Wesenberg to the expansion Atlanta Thrashers for Eric Bertrand. He spent the rest of that and the following season playing for Atlanta’s minor league affiliates before retiring in 2001.

## Awards

* 1994–95 – OHL – Second All-Rookie Team

## Career statistics
### Regular season and playoffs

| | | | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs | Playoffs |
| Season | Team | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1993–94 | Cobourg Cougars | OPJHL | 40 | 14 | 18 | 32 | 81 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1994–95 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 66 | 17 | 27 | 44 | 81 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 18 |
| 1995–96 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 66 | 25 | 33 | 58 | 161 | 16 | 4 | 11 | 15 | 34 |
| 1996–97 | Guelph Storm | OHL | 64 | 37 | 43 | 80 | 186 | 18 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 59 |
| 1996–97 | Philadelphia Phantoms | AHL | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| 1997–98 | Philadelphia Phantoms | AHL | 74 | 17 | 22 | 39 | 93 | 19 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 34 |
| 1998–99 | Philadelphia Phantoms | AHL | 71 | 23 | 20 | 43 | 169 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 28 |
| 1998–99 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Philadelphia Phantoms | AHL | 22 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 44 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1999–00 | Orlando Solar Bears | IHL | 31 | 9 | 3 | 12 | 50 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| 2000–01 | Orlando Solar Bears | IHL | 12 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 19 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2000–01 | Greenville Grrrowl | ECHL | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — |
| NHL totals | NHL totals | NHL totals | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |