# List of operations in the Mediterranean Sea area during World War II

This list of World War II military operations is for Mediterranean and Middle Eastern region land operations and operations within the Mediterranean Sea, e.g. naval operations such as Category:Malta Convoys.

## Axis

* 25 (1941) — invasion of Yugoslavia.
** Strafe ("Punishment") (1941) — Bombing of Belgrade by Luftwaffe as part of Operation 25
* Achse ("Axis") (1943) — response to Italian defection. Final plan Achse represented combination of plan Schwartz and original plan Achse.
* Aida (1942) — Afrika Korps advance into Egypt.
* Little Atlas Agadir (1944) —failed operation to fly agents into Morocco
* Bodden (1942) — German intelligence activity around Gibraltar
* Brandung (1941) — Axis attack toward El Alamein that became the Battle of Alam el Halfa
* Capri (1942) — counter-attack at Medenine, Tunisia
* Etappenhase (1944) —aborted attempt to establish assault bases along Algerian-Tunisian border
* Felix (1940–41) — planned invasion of Gibraltar.
* Frühlingswind ("Spring wind") (1943) — attack on CCA/1st at Sidi bou Zid.
* Gertrud — planned response in event Turkey joined the Allies.
* Herbstnebel 2 (1944) — rejected proposal to withdraw troops in Italy behind the Po River.
* Herkules (1942) — planned Axis airborne invasion of Malta.
* Isabella (1941) — plans for operations on the Iberian peninsula.
** Ilana (1942) — amended Isabella.
** Gisella (1942) — Isabella renamed.
** Nürnberg (1943) — third and final plan in case of Allied landings in the Iberian peninsula.
* Lehrgang ("Training Course") (1943) — evacuation of Sicily following Allied Operation Husky.
* Marita (1941) — invasion of Greece.
** Alpenveilchen ("Alpine Violet") (1941) — planned German intervention in Albania
* Merkur ("Mercury") (1941) — German invasion of Crete
* Mittelmeer ("Mediterranean") (1940–1941) — reinforcement of Regia Aeronautica in Mediterranean by X Fliegerkorps
* Morgenluft ("Morning Air") (1941) — occupation of Gafsa
* Morgenrote ("Dawn") (1944) — German counterattack against Allied Operation Shingle.
* Moro (1941) — refuelling of U-boats by Spain
* Ochsenkopf ("Ox head") (1942) —
* Otto (1943) — anti-Partisan operation
* Skorpion ("Scorpion") (1941) — Axis recapture of Halfaya Pass
* Sommernachtstraum ("Summers Night Dream") (1941) —
* Sonnenblume (Sun Flower) — movement Afrika Korps troops to North Africa as a result of Compass
* Sturmflut ("Storm tide") (1941) —
* Theseus (1942) — offensive to drive Allies out of Cyrenaica and Egypt
* Wintergewitter ("Winter Storm") (1944) — axis offensive against the American 92nd Infantry Division in the Apennines
* Venezia (1941) — axis attack on the Gazala Line

## Allies

* Abstention (1941) — British attempt to seize the island of Kastelorizo thwarted by Italian forces
* Acrobat (1942) — British proposal to attack Tripoli
* Abeam (1941) — disinformation operation to convince Italians of the presence of British paratroops in north Africa
* Accolade (1943) — proposed British occupation of Rhodes, and subsequently, failed occupation of the Dodecanese
* Agreement (1942) — British, Rhodesian and New Zealand raids on several North African targets
** Daffodil (1942) — Tobruk raid
** Hyacinth (1942) — Barce raid
** Snowdrop (1942) — Benghazi raid
** Tulip (1942) — Jalo oasis recapture
* Anvil (1944) — Allied invasion of Southern France. Name later changed to Dragoon
* Astrologer (1941) — failed attempt to run 2 unescorted transports to Malta
* Avalanche (1943) — Allied landings near Salerno, Italy
** Boardman (1943) — deception operation for Avalanche
** Giant II — cancelled landing of U.S. 82nd Airborne near Rome.
* Battleaxe (1941) — failed British attack on Axis forces in North Africa to relieve Tobruk
* Backbone & Backbone II (1942 & 1943) — contingency plans to occupy Spanish Morocco and area around Gibraltar if Germans entered Spain
** Ballast (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
** Blackthorn (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
** Challenger (?) — plan to seize Ceuta
* Baritone (1942) — delivery of 32 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
* Baytown (1943) — Allied landings in Calabria, Italy
** Slapstick (1943) — British landings at Taranto
* Begonia (1943) — airborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy
* Bellows (1942) — delivery of 38 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
* Bowery (1942) — delivery of 64 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and USS Wasp
* Brasso (1942) — scheme for safe unloading and dispersal of ships' cargo at Malta
* Brevity (1941) — British capture of Halfaya Pass, Egypt
* Buffalo (1944) — breakout from the Anzio beachhead
* Calendar (1942) — delivery of 47 Spitfires to Malta from USS Wasp
* Callboy (1941) — delivery of Swordfish and Albacores to Malta from HMS Argus
* Candytuft (1943) — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
* Canuck (1945) — SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in north-west Italy
* Chaucer (1944) — SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in north-west Italy
* Chesterfield (1944) — assault on Hitler Line
* Coat (1940) — passage of naval reinforcements through the Mediterranean
* Cold Comfort (1945) — failed SAS raid to block rail route through Brenner Pass
* Collar (1940) — naval reinforcements from Gibraltar to Egypt, carrying supplies and personnel for Malta and Egypt.
* Colossus (1941) — experimental airborne raid on Italian aqueduct near Calitri in southern Italy
* Compass (1940) — British counteroffensive in North Africa
* Corkscrew (1943) — Allied occupation of Pantellaria
* Crusader (1941) — British relief of Tobruk
** Chieftain (1941) — attempt to divert German aircraft with a decoy convoy from Gibraltar
** Landmark (1941) — diversion with a non-existent convoy to Malta
* Crupper (1942) — failed attempt to run two unescorted freighters into Malta
* Demon (1941) — evacuation of Allied troops from Greece
* Devon (1943) — Special Raiding Squadron attack on Termoli
* Diadem (1944) — successful Allied assault on German Gustav Line defences in Italy.
** Strangle (1944) — Allied bombing of German supply lines, in preparation for operation Diadem.
* Dragoon (1944) — Allied landing in southern France
** Dove — gliderborne component of Dragoon
** Romeo — Free French assault on German coastal battery
** Rosie — Free French commando raid near Théoule-sur-Mer
** Rugby — Airborne portion of Dragoon
** Sitka — 1st Special Services Force assault on Îles d'Hyères
** Span — deception operation in support of Dragoon
* Dunlop (1941) — delivery of 24 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal (1 lost en route)
* Encore (1945) — Allied assault on mountain positions in Italy
* Excess (1941) — Malta convoy to reinforce Greece and Malta
** MC4 (1941) — shipping movements to and from Malta
* Exporter (1941) — Allied invasion of Vichy-controlled Syria and Lebanon
* Fustian (1943) — British airborne capture of a bridge on Sicily
* Galia (1944) — British SAS operation in northwestern Italy in support of the US 5th Army
* Grog (1941) — bombardment of Genoa
* Guillotine (1941) — transfer of troops to Cyprus
* Guillotine (1943) — Allied advance from Cyrenaica to Tripolitania
* Gymnast — early name for Operation Torch
* Halberd (1941) — Malta convoy via Gibraltar
* Hawthorn (1943) — Special Boat Service raid on Sardinia
* Hats (1940) — attempt to provoke Italians into a fleet action and supplies for Malta and Egypt from Gibraltar
** Squawk (1940) — radio transmissions by destroyers, intended to mislead or confuse Italians
* Hide (1940) — movements by Force H to cover convoy and escort HMS Malaya to Gibraltar (linked to Operation MC2)
** Seek (1940) — anti-submarine sweep ahead of Hide
* Hurry (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Argus
** Spark (1940) — diversionary radio transmissions by HMS Enterprise
* Husky (1943) — Allied invasion of Sicily
** Chestnut (1943) — failed SAS operation to disrupt enemy communications in northern Sicily
** Ladbroke (1943) — British glider landing near Syracuse, Sicily
** Mincemeat (1943) — disinformation operation prior to the invasion of Sicily
*** Brimstone (1943) — fictional invasion of Sardinia, part of cover for Husky
** Narcissus (1943) — British SAS raid on a lighthouse in Sicily
* Insect (1942) — delivery of 28 Spitfires from HMS Eagle
* Jonquil (1943) — seaborne part of attempted British POW rescue in Italy (see also: Begonia)
* Judgement (1940) — British air attack on Italian fleet in Taranto harbour
* Julius (1942) — coordinated supply convoys to Malta
** Harpoon (1942) — Malta convoy from Gibraltar
** Salient (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
** Style (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
** Vigorous (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
*** Rembrandt (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria, early portion of Vigorous
* LB (1942) — delivery of 16 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
* Lightfoot (1942) — first attack by the British and Australians at El Alamein
** Bertram (1942) — deception operation in preparation for the Second Battle of El Alamein
** Supercharge (1942) — second stage attack by British and New Zealanders at El Alamein
* Lustre (1941) — Allied reinforcement of Greece
* Mandibles (1941) — a planned 1940-1941 British amphibious assault on Rhodes, Leros and the Dodecanese Islands in the Aegean Sea.
* Manna (1944) — Allied re-occupation of Greece and Aegean Islands
* Marigold (1943) — unsuccessful SAS/SBS mission to snatch a prisoner from Sardinia
* MB8 (1940) — passage of convoys from Alexandria to Malta and from Port Said to Crete
** Barbarity (1940) — carriage of military personnel and equipment by cruiser to Suda Bay
* MC2 (1940) — passage westwards of HMS Malaya (linked to Operation Hide)
* Outing & Outing II (1944) — anti-shipping operations in Aegean Sea
* Pedestal (1942) — Allied convoy from Gibraltar to Malta.
** Ascendant (1942) — escort of freighters from Malta
** Bellows (1942) — delivery of Spitfires to Malta from HMS Furious
** Berserk (1942) — exercise to establish fleet air tactics
** Ceres (1942) — scheme for safe unloading and dispersal of Pedestal cargoes at Malta
* Perpetual (1941) — delivery of aircraft to Malta
* Picket (1942) — delivery of 16 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and Argus
* Pilgrim (1941) — contingency plan to seize Canary Islands
* Pinpoint (1942) — delivery run to Malta by HMS Welshman
* Propeller (1941) — passage of Empire Guillemot to Malta
* Portcullis (1942) — convoy from Alexandria to Malta
* Pugilist (1943) — Allied attack on Mareth Line and advance to Sfax
* Puma (1941) — contingency plan to seize Canary Islands
* Quadrangle (1942) — three convoy movements to and from Malta
* Railway (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal in 2 phases
* Rocket (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal
* Roast (1945) — action by British Commandos at Comacchio lagoon, north east Italy
* Sapphic (?) — plan to support Gibraltar
* Salient (1941) — delivery of 32 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle
* Saxifrage (1943) — four parties from 2 SAS to destroy the railway line between Ancona and Pescara
* Shingle (1944) — Allied landings at Anzio
** Chettyford — deception plan to support Shingle
** Maple (1944) — several SAS operations to cut railways in Italy in support of Anzio landings
*** Baobab (1945) — SAS operation to destroy rail bridge between Pesaro and Fano
*** Driftwood (1944) — failed raid on rail targets
*** Thistledown (1944) — raid on rail targets near Terni and Orvieto
** Pomegranate (1944) — SAS raid in support of Shingle
* Speedwell (1945) — Behind enemy lines operation by the British Special Air Service to disrupt rail communications in northern Italy.
* Splice (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Furious and HMS Ark Royal
* Spotter (1942) — delivery of 15 Spitfires to Malta from HMS Eagle and Argus
* Status 1 (1941) — delivery of 26 Hurricanes and a Swordfish to Malta from HMS Ark Royal
* Status 2 (1941) — delivery of Hurricanes and a Swordfish to Malta from HMS Ark Royal and Furious
* Stone Age (or: Stoneage) (1942) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
* Substance (1941) — Malta convoy
* Sunrise (1945) — negotiations leading to German surrender in Italy
* Supercharge II (1942) — breakthrough at Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
* Survey (1943) — Malta convoy from Alexandria
* Temple (1941) — failed attempt to run a merchant ship (Parracombe) to Malta
* Tiger (1941) — Malta convoy via Gibraltar
* Tombola (1945) — SAS raid in Italy
* Torch (1942) — Allied landings in Morocco and Algeria originally titled Gymnast
** Blackstone (1942) — US assault on Safi, Morocco
** Brushwood (1942) — US assault on Fedala
** Goalpost (1942) — US assault on Port Lyautey (now Kenitra)
** Perpetual (1942) — British landings at Cap Carbon
** Reservist (1942) — failed Allied attack on Oran
* Tracer (1941) — delivery of 48 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal and Victorious
* Train (1942) — delivery of 29 Spitfires to Malta from Furious
* Vesuve (1943) — Free French landings in Corsica
* Vulcan (1943) — final Allied assault on Axis forces trapped around Tunis
* White (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta (4 arrive, 8 lost en route)
* Winch (1940) — delivery of 12 Hurricanes to Malta from HMS Ark Royal
* Wop (1943) — US 1st Division occupies Gafsa
* Zombie (1945) — Operation Cold Comfort, renamed