OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elmer's Bottle Tree Ranch

Elmer's Bottle Tree Ranch is a ranch near Oro Grande, California. It is a popular stop for people passing by on Route 66. The 2 acres (0.81 ha) ranch was created in 2000 by Elmer Long and has more than 200 bottle trees. It is open from sunrise to sunset and is free to enter.

## History

As a child in the 1950s, Long camped in the Mojave Desert with his father, Elmer Long Sr., collecting objects they found and keeping notes on their location. Long Sr. was an aviation engineer in Manhattan Beach and was interested in the desert. After his dad's death, he came into possession of many colorful bottles his dad had collected. Long, wanting to put the bottles to use, tied some to a wooden post, creating the first bottle tree. When the sun rose the following morning, he was fascinated by how the light caught them and decided to make more.
Long died of lung cancer on June 22, 2019, causing the ranch to close for a few months, reopening in early September. He was buried at Victor Valley Mortuary in Victorville. Elmer's son, Elliot, took over the ranch after his death.

## Description

The ranch is mainly a forest of bottle trees — pipes made out of metal from which glass bottles (mainly of the soda and beer variety) are hung. Other installations include a boat filled with bottles and a tree made out of a used missile. Most trees have unique decorations on top of them, like a handmade rake, an electric guitar, a surfboard, a wagon, and a gumball machine. Other miscellaneous items, such as farm equipment, a typewriter, and a Jeep can also be found on the property. Geese occasionally appear as well.
# Parker's Ferry

Parker's Ferry is a cable ferry located on the Meherrin River in Hertford County, North Carolina. The ferry is operated by a contractor for the North Carolina Department of Transportation.
Parker's Ferry connects Maney's Neck, formed by the confluence of the Meherrin and Chowan Rivers, with the southern part of Hertford County. The ferry is reached (on the south bank) by Parkers Ferry Road, which crosses the Meherrin River just above its confluence with the Chowan River and just below the confluence of Potecasi Creek and (on the north bank) by Parkers Fishery Road (Hertford SR 1306). It is one of three remaining cable ferries left in operation in North Carolina. The others are the Sans Souci Ferry and Elwell Ferry. The ferry is not considered part of the state ferry system which operates ferries along the immediate NC coast. The NC cable ferries are considered inland ferries and are operated by regional DOT divisional offices instead of the NC DOT Ferry Division.

## Operations

The ferry is powered by a diesel engine and propeller and guided by a steel cable that is stretched loosely across the river. The cable is secured on each side of the river by steel posts and as the ferry crosses the river, the force of the boat, with the help of rollers on the side of the boat, pulls the normally submerged cable out of the water. The cable is permanently secured to the ferry and allows for the boat to not stray off course in normal river currents. The ferry only carries two cars at its maximum and does not operate in high water conditions or storms for the threat of the cable snapping in treacherous conditions is too great. Persons wanting to ride the ferry that happen to be on the opposite side of the river than the ferry must blow their horn to summon the ferry. The ferry is free of charge. The ferry operates almost every day except for days of high water and bad weather. The Ferry is on land that was part of the Meherrin Indian Reservation. The Meherrin now live about 10 miles away in the Winton area.
The ferry was briefly closed from June 12, 2020 to October 20, 2020, due to a budget shortage caused by the Coronavirus outbreak

## Vessel description

The ferry consists of a steel barge that cars drive onto. Off to one side of the boat is an "engine room" where the operator sits and controls the boat's engine, which actually sits outside beside the room. The ferry is powered by a diesel engine. The operator must know when to let off the throttle, since the ferry has no brakes or on board steering device. In the early days the ferry was made of wood.
# Elsa Gall

Elsa Gall (27 July 1882 - 16 January 1963) was an Austrian Jewish art dealer forced into exile by Nazi persecution. Her business was seized in March 1938. Like many others, she and her heirs have sought restitution and some of the Nazi plunder has since been given back in a slow-going process that, in her case and curiously, falsely gave a landscape by Robert Russ to the wrong claimants.

## Early life

Born in Vienna on 27 July 1882 into a Jewish family, the daughter of Sigmund Goldmann and Fanni Goldmann, Elsa married Hermann Gall (1871-1932). They owned an art dealership and publishing house, Halm & Goldmann. Elsa's husband Hermann died in 1932, after which she owned and operated the business from 1932 to 1938.

## Nazi era

When Austria merged with Nazi Germany in the Anschluss of 1938, Gall was persecuted under Nazi anti-Jewish laws. Her art dealership was Aryanized, the forcible transfer of assets to non-Jews. In March 1938 the art publisher Ernst Edhoffer and the etcher and Nazi party member Luigi Kasimir took control of Halm & Goldmann.
Elsa Gall fled to France and from there to the United States in 1939. The Galls' belongings, which had been stored at a shipping company, were confiscated by the Gestapo in November 1940 and sold by the Vugesta, a Nazi looting organization, in private sales or through the Dorotheum auction house.

## Restitution

All but two of the works seized by the Nazis stayed lost until Elsa Gall's death in 1963. The process of provenance research and restitution since has progressed slowly. A Gauermann painting housed in the Vienna Museum has remained pending a decision since 2009.
In 2004, the Austrian Restitution Commission issued its recommendation of restitution for an Italian landscape by Robert Russ that had belonged to Gall. However, the Commission made an error in identifying the owner, mistakenly returning the looted painting to the Popper family instead of the Gall family. The painting was auctioned at the Im Kinsky auction house in 2007 and the proceeds were given to the heirs of Franz Popper.
# Parmaphorella melvilli

Parmaphorella melvilli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets.
# Parmarth Niketan

Parmarth Niketan is an ashram located in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

## Overview

Parmarth Niketan is situated in the lap of the lush Himalayas, along the banks of the Ganges. The ashram was founded in 1942 by Pujya Swami Shukdevanandji Maharaj (1901–1965). Since 1986, Pujya Swami Chidanand Saraswatiji Maharaj is the President and Spiritual Head of Parmarth Niketan. For the last 25 years, Sadhvi Bhagawati Saraswati lives and teaches at the Parmarth Niketan Ashram.
As the largest ashram in Rishikesh with over 1000 rooms, Parmarth Niketan provides a clean, pure and sacred atmosphere as well as abundant, beautiful gardens to thousands of pilgrims, who come from all corners of the Earth. The daily activities at Parmarth Niketan include daily yoga specializing in Vinyasa yoga, general Hatha yoga and yoga Nidra. Daily activities also include morning universal prayers and meditation classes, daily satsang and lecture programs, kirtan, a Ganga aarti at sunset attended by hundreds of visitors each day at the shore of Ganges, as well as Nature Cure and Ayurvedic treatment and training. Parmarth Niketan is the home to a 14 feet Shiva statue on the banks of the Ganges which provides a perfect view to the ashram. The divine tree of heaven Kalpavriksha was planted at the premises of this ashram by Vijaypal Baghel of Himalaya Vahini.
Additionally, there are frequently special cultural and spiritual programs given by visiting revered saints, acclaimed musicians, spiritual and social leaders, and others.
There are frequent camps in which pilgrims come from across the world to take part in intensive courses on yoga, meditation, pranayama, stress management, acupressure, Reiki, Ayurveda and other ancient Indian sciences.
Parmarth Niketan is also the headquarters of the Swami Shukdevanand Trust, a non-profit, religious/spiritual organization dedicated to religion, spirituality and culture, founded in 1942 by Pujya Swami Shukdevanandji Maharaj and registered in 1962 under the Societies Registration Act.
Parmarth Niketan is open to all visitors, with no discrimination on the basis of race, nationality, religion, caste or creed.

## Gallery

* Parmarth Niketan view from Ganges
* A statue of Shiva meditating at Parmarth Niketan on the Ganges
* Shiva meditating in Rishikesh
# Elytroleptus ignitus

Elytroleptus ignitus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by John Lawrence LeConte in 1884.
# Hoskera

Hoskera is a panchayat village in Shahapur taluka of Yadgir district in Karnataka state, India. Hoskera is four kilometres by road north-northwest of Wanadurga, and just over eight kilometres south-southwest of Gogikona. The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.
There are three villages in the gram panchayat: Hoskera, Rajapur, and Shettikera.

## Demographics

At the 2001 census, the village of Hoskera had 2,773 inhabitants, with 1,410 males and 1,363 females.
# Hsu Yen-pu

Hsu Yen-pu (Chinese: 徐衍璞; pinyin: Xú Yǎnpú; born 1961) is a Republic of China Army general. Since 1 May 2023, he is the current Vice Minister of the Ministry of National Defense. Hsu previously served as the Commander of the Republic of China Army from 2021 to 2023. He also served as the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces from 2020 to 2021.

## Career

Hsu is of mixed Atayal and Han descent. He is the first commander of the army with Taiwanese indigenous ancestry. In 1983, he graduated from the Artillery Division of the Republic of China Military Academy, and subsequently served in other military positions, including the commander of the No. 21 Artillery Command and commander of the Lanyang Area Command [zh] of the Sixth Army Corps, Chief of Staff of the Tenth Army Corps, and Vice Minister of National Defense.
In 2014, Hsu was promoted from major general to lieutenant general. On 1 April of that year, he became the Commander of the Sixth Army Corps following the retirement of Jen Chi-nan [zh].
On 15 January 2020, the Ministry of National Defense announced that Hsu would be transferred to be the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The changes took effect on 16 January. On 17 January, Hsu was personally awarded the rank by President Tsai Ing-wen in a ceremony.
On 1 July 2021, Hsu became the Commander of the Army.
On 18 April 2023, the Minister of National Defense announced that with the approval of Tsai Ing-wen, Hsu would be transferred to the post of the Vice Minister. The change was effective 1 May.

## Awards

* Order of the Sacred Tripod with Special Cravat
* Order of the Resplendent Banner with Yellow Grand Cordon
* Order of the Resplendent Banner with Grand Cordon
# USS Fairy

USS Fairy was a steamer purchased by the Union Navy during the American Civil War.
She was used by the Union Navy as a gunboat assigned to patrol Confederate waterways. Post-war she was temporarily employed as an ammunition ship before finally being decommissioned.

## Built in Ohio in 1861

Fairy was built in 1861 at Cincinnati, Ohio, as Maria; purchased by the Navy 10 February 1864; and first sailed 10 March 1864, Acting Master H. S. Wetmore in command.

## Civil War service
### Assigned patrol duties on the Mississippi, White and Tennessee Rivers

Based at Mound City, Illinois, Fairy patrolled and had convoy duty in the Mississippi, White, and Tennessee Rivers, often providing transportation and firepower to Union Army expeditions, and shelling Confederate troop concentrations and batteries ashore. Although she normally operated in the northern section of the Mississippi River, she sailed down river to carry high ranking Union Army officers from Memphis, Tennessee, to New Orleans, Louisiana, in June 1864.

### Supporting operations against General J. B. Hood

On patrol in the Tennessee River, in December 1864 and January 1865, she convoyed Union Army transports from Clifton to Eastport, and carried out other operations in the concerted attack on troops under General John Bell Hood, preventing them from crossing the river near Florence. Her last duty, following the war, was transporting ordnance stores to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri.

## Post-war decommissioning and disposal

She was decommissioned 8 August 1865 at Mound City, and sold 17 August 1865.
# Chafik Charobim

Chafik Charobim (November 4, 1894 in Cairo – 1975), is a well known impressionist and naturalist Egyptian artist who painted the "Peaceful and Tranquil Egypt of the last Century". He loved nature in any form and his paintings show a great love for the sea, the desert and the people of Egypt. He has left a legacy of over 186 paintings.

## Life

Chafik Charobim studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. He lived in Paris and Rome for a few years where he painted and exhibited his art. He dedicated his life to painting.
Charobim's love of freedom and artistic passion led him to paint scenes of everyday life in Egypt. He painted fishermen, villagers, animals and many of his subjects share with him the love of nature and freedom. His paintings show the Nile, the farms, children, animals and all the scenery that one finds in rural life. Charobim loved to paint the sea and had a real love of the Mediterranean, its boats, its tourists and its fishermen. His paintings are intended to show a beautiful, romantic and tranquil Egypt where life was simple and people were carefree.
Charobim loved Lebanon and lived there for a few months each year. Charobim loved to paint its villages and cafés, its valleys and its people.
Charobim advised young artists to always keep busy because he believed a busy artist is a happy one. He also advised them to work hard, paint every day and to keep to a schedule. He used to wake up at 5 a.m. and paint until noon every day.

## Paintings

Charobim excelled in small paintings, of moderate dimension, warm colors and exquisite proportions and design. Some of his better-known paintings were:

### Egypt

* Fisherman Resting, 1966
* Swimming in Gerba, 1946
* Houseboat on the Nile, 1956
* Small Nile Branch in Zamalek, 1954

### Lebanon

* Cafe des Sources Hag Elias Lebanon, 1950
* Beit Mary Valley Lebanon, 1950
* Douhour El Chouer Lebanon, 1950
# William Bevil Thomas

William Bevil Thomas (1757–1825) was a merchant, land developer and sea captain notable in the history of St. John's, Colony of Newfoundland, and in the history of Newfoundland and Labrador province.
Thomas was born in St John's and came from a line of merchant mariners from Devon, England. He was genealogically connected with many other prominent families in Newfoundland, Britain and New England. Daniel Woodley Prowse wrote: "The family of the Thomases are probably the most ancient in this Colony." They carried on business at Dartmouth and St. John's in partnership with a Mr. Stokes, as Thomas & Stokes.
Thomas's shipping operations brought him along a triangular route that included Britain, the Caribbean and Newfoundland. In 1757, he married Elizabeth Way in Dartmouth, England. The couple's two sons, William Thomas and Henry Phillips Thomas, were prominent men in the generation after their father. According to Prowse:
   ...officials and merchants vied with each other in creating country residences and farms [...] finest of all, Brookfield, the property of William and Henry P. Thomas. [...] William Thomas was foremost in every benevolent work. As a very young man he was secretary to the society for improving the condition of the poor; he was equally distinguished as a merchant and a politician. He filled all positions well, whether presiding at a religious meeting or as president of the Chamber of Commerce. Through a professedly religious man, sometimes the old leaven broken out him. He was very active, and fond of directing everybody. Often, as he paced his long wharf, if one of his ships was beating in the Narrows, say his fine brig the Cynthia, Captain Goldsworth, he could be heard muttering, "Luff, confound you, Goldsworth, luff, you lubber!' Brookfield, the fine house at Devon Row, their Water Street premises, and the beautiful cottage at Topsail, are monuments to the large progressive ideas of the Thomases, and especially of the constructive ability of Henry Phillips Thomas.
The author also mentions that William Thomas was one of the most prominent Protestant merchants who rallied for a local legislature during the administration of Sir Thomas Cochrane.
# Camp Allen

36°55′42″N 76°17′38″W﻿ / ﻿36.92833°N 76.29389°W﻿ / 36.92833; -76.29389 Camp Allen, is a small United States Marine Corps base in Norfolk, Virginia, a satellite of the Naval Station Norfolk. In 1942 the Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks (now NAVFAC) wanted the first Seabee training center close to an existing Naval training facility with Norfolk being chosen because of the available land that could be purchased. On 25 March 1942 the Commandant of the 5th Naval District announced that the U.S. Naval Construction Training Center, Naval Operating Base Norfolk had been commissioned 4 days prior. The base was named Camp Allen in memory of the CEC Captain Walter H. Allen founder of the naval construction regiment at Great Lakes Naval Training Center during WWI.
Camp Allen later became home to the 3rd Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team (FAST) Companies. The base had a supply warehouse, battalion aid station, and transportation area, but all have been re-purposed. All units are members of the Marine Corps Security Force Regiment, headquartered aboard Naval Weapons Station Yorktown.

## Education

In regards to dependents in the Camp Allen area, the facility is zoned to Norfolk Public Schools and is assigned to: Camp Allen Elementary School, Blair Middle School, and Maury High School.
# Vitaphone (disambiguation)

"Vitaphone" can refer to:

## Film

* Vitaphone Corp., the name for Vitagraph Studios after being bought by Warner Bros. in 1925
* Vitaphone – a sound-on-disc system for films, used in the 1920s
* The Vitaphone Project, film soundtrack disc restoration group

## German organizations

* Vitaphone GmbH – a German telecommunications company which supplies hospitals
* Vitaphone Racing – a German racing team sponsored by Vitaphone GmbH
# Tommy Byrne

Tommy Byrne may refer to:
* Tommy Byrne (baseball) (1919–2007), Major League Baseball player
* Tommy Byrne (musician) (born 1944), musician with the group Wolfe Tones
* Tommy Byrne (racing driver) (born 1958), former Formula One racing driver
# Tommaso Struzzieri

Tommaso Struzzieri, C.P. (30 March 1706 – 21 January 1780) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Todi (1775–1780), Bishop of Amelia (1770–1775), and Titular Bishop of Tium (1764–1770).

## Biography

Tommaso Struzzieri was born in Senigallia, Italy on 30 Mar 1706 and ordained a priest in the Congregation of the Passion by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729. On 12 October 1764, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement XIII as Coadjutor Bishop of Ajaccio and Titular Bishop of Tium. On 23 December 1764, he was consecrated bishop by Giulio Cesare Viancini, Archbishop of Sassari. On 10 September 1770, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement XIV as Bishop of Amelia. On 18 December 1775, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Pius VI as Bishop of Todi. He served as Bishop of Todi until his death on 21 January 1780 .
# Tommaso Siciliani

Tommaso Siciliani (Ginosa, 19 March 1882 – Noci, 23 January 1964) was an Italian jurist and politician, who served as Minister of Communications of the Kingdom of Italy in the Badoglio I Cabinet.

## Biography

He was born in 1882, the son of Alfonso Siciliani, and graduated in Law at the University of Macerata, where among his teachers was Alfredo Rocco. He then continued his studies at the University of Rome, where he became free lecturer in civil procedural law in 1910. Following the death of his father he returned to Bari, where he taught civil law and other subjects at the Higher Institute of commercial studies from 1908 to 1926, except for the years of the First World War, in which he fought and reached the rank of captain. In 1926 he became teacher of civil procedural law, civil law, institutions of Roman law, and institutions of private law at the University of Bari, while also publishing a number of books on jurisprudence. He also worked as a lawyer at the Court of Appeal of Bari and at the Court of Cassation. An oldtime liberal and monarchist who had been active in politics before the rise of the Fascist regime, on 11 February 1944 he was appointed Minister of Communications of the Badoglio I Cabinet, a post he held until 17 April 1944. During his brief tenure he introduced a law that mandated the use of the CAP in the five largest Italian cities and had to deal with the Balvano train disaster, the worst in Italian history, which in his report to the Council of Ministers he blamed to the low quality coal provided by the Allies. In the early 1950s he was president of the Bar of Bari.
# Celso Sozzini

Celso Sozzini (1517–1570) was an Italian freethinker, brother of Alessandro (father of Fausto), Lelio, Cornelio, Dario, and Camillo.
Celso's father Mariano Sozzini il giovane (1482–1556) had eleven sons and two daughters. Alessandro, father of Fausto Sozzini, was the eldest but died young.
Celso first taught in Siena, and was founder of the short-lived Accademia del Sizienti (1554) of Bologna, of which young Fausto was a member.
# Viridistria striatovirens

Viridistria striatovirens is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1883. It is found in India.
# Viriditoxin

Viriditoxin (VDT) is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi. Viriditoxin is a type of mycotoxin. The biosynthesis of the compound has been investigated.

## Occurrence

It is produced by several Aspergillus species including A. aureoluteus, A. brevipes, and A. viridinutans in which it was first identified in 1971. It has been isolated from Paecilomyces variotii, which was obtained from Nomura's jellyfish. It is also produced by Cladosporium cladosporioides.

## Structure

Natural viriditoxin exists as a single atropisomer owing to restricted rotation about the C-C bond which joins the two naphthol rings. It has been confirmed by total synthesis to be twisted into the so-called M isomer.

## Biosynthesis

Viriditoxin is a secondary metabolite, a polyketide produced from multiple acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units which are combined by a polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme complex. A chain of eight acetate units are cyclised to give the three-ring system which forms half of the carbon framework of the final product. After selective methylation of one of the phenol groups and reduction of the pyrone ring, the resulting intermediate (semiviriditoxin) is dimerised by a laccase enzyme, generating specifically the minus M atropisomer.

## Uses

In nature, viriditoxin likely is used against microbial competition. On mangroves, P. variotii's production of viriditoxin was linked to antagonism against bacteria.
# Vjatšeslav Divonin

Vjatšeslav Divonin (born 8 May 1970) is an Estonian rower. He competed in the men's coxless four event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Cedar Lakes

The Cedar Lakes are a series of small lakes in geographic Palmer Township in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.
The lakes are in the Great Lakes Basin, and the primary inflow, at the north end of the series, and outflow, at the south end of the series, is the Carp River. The Carp River flows to Lake Superior.