OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vildagliptin/metformin

Vildagliptin/metformin, sold under the brand name Eucreas among others, is a fixed-dose combination anti-diabetic medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It was approved for use in the European Union in November 2007, and the approval was updated in 2008. It combines 50 mg vildagliptin with either 500, 850, or 1000 mg metformin.
The most common side effects include nausea (feeling sick), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal (tummy) pain and loss of appetite.

## Medical uses

Vildagliptin/metformin is indicated in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus:
* it is indicated in the treatment of adults who are unable to achieve sufficient glycaemic control at their maximally tolerated dose of oral metformin alone or who are already treated with the combination of vildagliptin and metformin as separate tablets.
* it is indicated in combination with a sulphonylurea (i.e. triple combination therapy) as an adjunct to diet and exercise in patients inadequately controlled with metformin and a sulphonylurea.
* it is indicated in triple combination therapy with insulin as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control in patients when insulin at a stable dose and metformin alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control.
# Casa Alcide de Gasperi museum

Casa Alcide de Gasperi museum (Museo Casa De Gasperi), opened in 2006, is located in Pieve Tesino where the Italian statesman was born in 1881.
De Gasperi's effort was fundamental to the construction of the European Union, he played a decisive role in the reconstruction of Europe after World War II, culminating in his election as the president of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1954.
In addition to raising awareness on the de Gasperi figure, the purpose of the museum is to endorse the democratic values of the European Union, motivated also by its transboundary history and location between the Italian and German cultures.
The museum received the European Heritage Label.
# Tin Can Alley

Tin Can Alley may refer to:
* Tin Can Alley (game), a toy and British carnival game
* Tin Can Alley (album), by Jack DeJohnette
* Tin Can Alley, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Harlan County
# Tin Can Beach

Tin Can Beach can refer to:
* A nickname for a section of Bolsa Chica State Beach, California
* A nickname for a section of Huntington State Beach, California
* A 1968 single by The Bonniwell Music Machine
# Vilho Annala

Vilho Annala (17 January 1888 – 28 July 1960) was a Finnish civil servant, economist and far right politician.

## Early years

Annala was born in Lapua, and first came to prominence as a student at the University of Helsinki, where he edited the student union newspaper Ylioppilaslehti from 1916 to 1919. He went on to work for the Bureau of Statistics, whilst serving on the editorial staff of the conservative daily Uusi Suomi. He gained a doctorate in 1932 and became one of Finland's leading civil servants.

## Politics

Annala joined the Lapua Movement and became Helsinki District Chairman in February 1931. Ideologically Annala was heavily influenced by the corporatism of Italian fascism. He supported the co-opting of the working classes into the Lapua Movement and opposed the influence of wealthy industrialists.
In April 1932 Annala joined Herman Gummerus and Erkki Räikkönen in founding the Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) and he served as caucus chairman from 1936 to 1944. Between 1933 and 1945 he also represented the party in the Parliament of Finland. Whilst the official leader was Vihtori Kosola real control of the movement rested with Annala and his close lieutenant Bruno Salmiala. It was Annala who dictated the policy of the movement although his hard-line views led to condemnation by both the government and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland that damaged the group. Annala held the post of Minister of Transport in the unity government of Johan Wilhelm Rangell from 1941 to 1943. This however was a last throw for the IKL as the group faded soon afterwards and Annala left politics.

## Later years

With his political career over Annala became an academic back at the University of Helsinki. He served there as the professor of political economy 1951–57. He died in Helsinki, aged 72.
# Tolna sinifera

Tolna sinifera is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae that was first described by George Hampson in 1913. It is found in Nigeria and South Africa.
# Togo, Saskatchewan

Togo (2016 population: 86) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Cote No. 271 and Census Division No. 9. It is 800 metres (1⁄2 mile) west of the Manitoba border and approximately 72 km (45 mi) northeast of the city of Yorkton.
In 1906, during the Russo-Japanese war, two names stood out: Admiral Togo of the Japanese fleet and Admiral Makaroff of Russia. In 1906, Pelly Siding was incorporated as a village and renamed Togo after the Japanese admiral, and the next community to the east on the CNR line (5 miles) was named Makaroff (Manitoba) in honour of the Russian admiral.
Despite the small population, Togo has a post office, Lutheran church, curling/skating rink, and a drop-in centre. Besides farming, local activities include fishing (see: Lake of the Prairies) or playing hockey. There used to be several grain elevators located just off the railway.
NHL player Ted Hampson is from the village. Reginald John Marsden Parker from Togo served as the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan.
Togo station receives Via Rail service. In April 2013, a passenger train derailed near the village. No one was injured.
| Preceding station | Via Rail | Via Rail | Via Rail | Following station |
| Kamsacktoward Churchill | | Winnipeg–Churchill | | Roblintoward Winnipeg |
| Former services |||||
| Preceding station | Canadian National Railway | Canadian National Railway | Canadian National Railway | Following station |
| Runnymedetoward Calgary | | Calgary – Winnipeg | | Makarofftoward Winnipeg |

## History

Togo incorporated as a village on September 4, 1906.
This village was founded after the Japanese had won several victories in the war against Russia (Russo-Japanese War 1904–05). Britain was allied with Japan in this war and Japan was a very popular nation throughout the British Empire. Three towns in Saskatchewan along the CN line (Togo, Kuroki, Mikado), a regional park (Oyama), and CN Siding (Fukushiama) were named in honour of Japanese achievements in this war.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Togo had a population of 83 living in 46 of its 62 total private dwellings, a change of -3.5% from its 2016 population of 86. With a land area of 1.44 km$^2$ (0.56 sq mi), it had a population density of 57.6/km$^2$ (149.3/sq mi) in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population, the Village of Togo recorded a population of 86 living in 45 of its 63 total private dwellings, a -1.2% change from its 2011 population of 87. With a land area of 1.5 km$^2$ (0.58 sq mi), it had a population density of 57.3/km$^2$ (148.5/sq mi) in 2016.
# Casimir I

Casimir I may refer to:
* Casimir I of Poland (1016–1058), duke of Poland
* Casimir I, Duke of Pomerania (after 1130 – 1180), duke of Pomerania-Demmin
* Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn (1280/90 – 1358)
# Tisis colubrialis

Tisis colubrialis is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park, Joon-Seok Lee and Fatimah Abang in 2005. It is found on Borneo.
# Catalan Braille

Catalan Braille is the braille alphabet of the Catalan language.
It is very close to French Braille: it uses the 26 letters of the basic braille alphabet, plus several additional letters for ç and what are, in print, vowel letters with diacritics; these differ from their French values only in the need to accommodate the Catalan acute accent: ú, ó, í for what are in French Braille ù, œ, ì :
    ç à é è í ï ó ò ú ü
Print digraphs are written as digraphs in braille as well.

## Punctuation

| middot | , | . | ? | ! | ' | ; | - | — | ... |
The middot is used to distinguish double-el ⟨l·l⟩, ⠇⠐⠇, from the digraph ⟨ll⟩, ⠇⠇.

## Formatting

| (digit) | (caps) |
The capital sign needs to be repeated for each letter of an initialism, so ACIC is ⠨⠁⠨⠉⠨⠊⠨⠉.
# Tom Cringle

Tom Cringle may refer to:
* Tom Cringle, pseudonym of Michael Scott (Scottish author) (1789–1835), British author
* Tom Cringle, nom-de-plume of William Walker (1838–1908), Scottish-born Australian writer
# Casuarina junghuhniana

Casuarina junghuhniana, the mountain ru or red-tipped ru, is a tree in the family Casuarinaceae that originated in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. The species has been introduced to Pakistan and Bangladesh.

## Description

Casuarina junghuhniana is an evergreen tree growing to 15–35 m (50–115 ft) tall. The foliage consists of slender, much-branched green to grey-green twigs 0.8–1 mm (0.032–0.039 in) diameter, bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of 9–11. It is dioecious and The flowers are produced in small catkin-like inflorescences. The fruit is an oval woody structure, superficially resembling a conifer cone made up of numerous carpels each containing a single seed with a small wing 4–5 mm (0.16–0.2 in) long. Unlike Casuarina equisetifolia, Mountain Ru (C. junghuhniana) has a narrower canopy, small and neat branches. It has a straight and knotless trunk.
Like some other species of the genus Casuarina, C. junghuhniana is an actinorhizal plant able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. In contrast to species of the plant family Fabaceae (e.g., beans, alfalfa, Acacia), Casuarina harbours a symbiosis with a Frankia actinomycete.

## Taxonomy

There are two subspecies:
* Casuarina junghuhniana subsp. junghuhniana distributed in Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores
* Casuarina junghuhniana subsp. timorensis found in Timor, Wetar, Sumba and Sumbawa

## Distribution and habitat

Casuarina junghuhniana is native to Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. The species has been introduced to Pakistan and Bangladesh as a restoration of degraded forest areas.

## Uses

Popularly grown as an ornamental plant and a windproof line. The wood of this tree is used for shingles, fencing, and is said to make excellent hot-burning firewood.
# Titus Antonius Merenda

Titus Antonius Merenda was a Roman politician, and decemvir from 450 to 449 BC.

## Family

He was part of the gens Antonia. It is possible that he was a plebeian, since the nomen Antonius is found among the plebeians more often than the patricians in this era. He was the father of Quintus Antonius Merenda, military tribune in 422 BC.

## Biography

Titus Antonius Merenda was one of the ten members of the Second Decemvirate, presided over by Appius Claudius Crassus and elected to draft the Law of the Twelve Tables, the first body of Roman law ever written. The Second Decemvirate seemed to be constituted equally by patricians and by plebeians, like Merenda. At the instigation of Crassus, the decemvirs maintained their power illegally for another year, refusing to proceed in the election of consuls.
In 449 BC, the Sabines occupied Eretum and the Aequi invaded and set up camp under Mount Algidus. The Roman troops were divided into two armies in order to fight on two fronts. Merenda received command of the army that fought the Aequi, with three other decemvirs: Lucius Minucius, Marcus Cornelius and Lucius Sergius. At the time, Crassus and Spurius Oppius Cornicen stayed in Rome to assist in the defense of the city, while the four other decemvirs fought the Sabines.
The two Roman armies were held in check on each front. The army commanded by Merenda withdrew to Tusculum before he was moved in reply to Lucius Verginius whose daughter had been made a slave by Crassus during a scandalous trial. In light of this, Lucius Verginius had been forced to kill his own daughter. His story provoked a mutiny among the soldiery who then chose ten military tribunes. Under their command, they returned to Rome and occupied the foot of the Aventine before joining with the other army by Monte Sacro. Under pressure by the soldiers and the plebeians, the decemvirs conceded. Crassus and Spurius Oppius Cornicen remained in Rome, and were imprisoned, but committed suicide during the process. The eight other decemvirs, including Merenda, were sent into exile.
# Viktor Hey

Viktor Hey may refer to:
* Viktor Hey (footballer, born 1974), Ukrainian retired footballer
* Viktor Hey (footballer, born 1996), Ukrainian footballer
# Villarino Partido

Villarino Partido is a partido in the south of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
The provincial subdivision has a population of about 26,500 inhabitants in an area of 11,400 km$^2$ (4,402 sq mi), and its capital city is Médanos, which is located 735 km (457 mi) from Buenos Aires and that is known for its onion and premium wine production.

## Settlements

* Argerich
* Colonia Monte La Plata
* Colonia San Adolfo
* Hilario Ascasubi
* Juan Cousté (Estacion Algarrobo)
* Mayor Buratovich
* Médanos
* Pedro Luro
* Teniente Origone

## Notable people

* Mario Davidovsky Musician
# Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph

There are at least two buildings known as Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph:
* Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
* Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (San Jose, California) in San Jose, California, United States
# Violenbach

Violenbach is a river of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The violenbach springs south of Borgholzhausen. It is a right tributary of the Else east of Melle.
# Villecerf

Villecerf (French pronunciation: ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants of Villecerf are called Villecerfois.
# Vincenzo Miotti

Vincenzo Miotti (25 July 1712, Murano – 15 February 1787, Murano) was an Italian physicist and astronomer.

## Life

Born in the parish of Santo Stefano on Murano to Daniele Miotti and Angela Licini, he was the first of three brothers and two sisters. He came from a wealthy family of glaziers which owned a furnace, but he left the family business in the hands of his brother Alvise, preferring a career in the church.
After studying in the patriarchal seminary in Venice at San Cipriano, run by the Somaschi Fathers, he distinguished himself in classics, mathematics, physics and astronomy. He joined the Camaldolese cultural circle at San Michele in Isola, where he met Angelo Calogerà and Fortunato Mandelli.
He became a priest at Santa Maria e San Donato and led a cloistered life, declining the many academic posts offered to him and devoting himself to designing and building instruments for physics and astronomy demonstrations, which were used and highly valued by Jérôme Lalande, Paolo Frisi, Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich and Alessandro Volta. Mainly made of card and wood, few of them now survive, though one for demonstrating the tautochrone curve of a cycloid and another for parabolic motion do remain. Many small fragments and gadgets also survive in the Murano Glass Museum.
# Tom Bateman (politician)

Thomas Henry Bateman (6 December 1922 – 27 September 2003) was the Labor Party member for the Electoral district of Canning in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1968 to 1986.
He was born in Fremantle, Western Australia to George Arthur Robert Bateman (farmer) and Ellen Jane Back, and grew up in Toodyay.
Bateman married Jean Middleton on 3 July 1948 at the Methodist church in Donnybrook; they had four children.
He died on 27 September 2003, and was buried at Fremantle Cemetery.
The Tom Bateman Wetlands in the City of Gosnells are named after him. They play an important role in maintaining the health of the Canning River.
# Tomeu Penya

Bartomeu Nicolau Morlà, known as Tomeu Penya (Balearic Catalan:; born 1949 in Vilafranca de Bonany, Majorca) is a Mallorcan singer-songwriter whose musical work combines Mallorcan folk music, classical rock and roll and country music.
In 1992, he earned the National Prize awarded by the Catalan government for the Sirena album.

## Discography

* Tomeu Penya canta a la vila (1980) (descatalogado)
* Càrritx i roses (Blau 1982)
* Coverbos (Blau 1984)
* Illamor (Blau 1985)
* D'amor i Festa (Recopilatorio en cassette, no se editó en LP, descatalogado)
* Mallorquins i catalans (Blau 1986)
* Tomeu (Blau 1987)
* Arrels (Blau 1988)
* Arrels'89 (Blau 1989)
* Els cors ferits (Blau, 1990)
* Sirena (álbum) (Blau, 1992)
* 10 anys d'èxits (Recopilatorio) (Blau, 1992)
* Una aclucada d'ull (Blau, 1994)
* Anuats (Picap, 1995)
* Balades (Recopilatorio) (Blau, 1996)
* De tot cor (Picap, 1997)
* Penya al descobert (Picap, 1998)
* (Recopilatorio) (1999)
* Això és Pecat (Picap 2001)
* Concert al Palau d'Esports de Barcelona (CD+DVD)
* Fàcil (DiscMedi-Blau (2003)
* Sa força d'una mirada (2004)
* Bàsic (Recopilatorio) (2007)
* Paraules que s'endú es vent (2007)
* Tomeu Penya, 30 anys després (acústico en directo, CD+DVD) (2010)
* És per tu (2012)
* Arruix (2013)
* Enamorant-nos (2014) (Recopilatorio con 1 tema nuevo)
* Optimista (2015)
# Tomescu

Tomescu is a Romanian language surname. It is a patronymic form of the male given name Thomas – and may refer to:
* Aida Tomescu (1955), Australian contemporary artist
* Alexandru Tomescu (1976), Romanian violinist
* Constantina Tomescu-Dita (1970), Romanian long-distance runner
* Cynthia Tomescu (1991), Romanian handballer
# Tom Braddock

Thomas Braddock (1887 – 9 December 1976) was a British politician. He was Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Mitcham from 1945 to 1950, when he was defeated by the Conservative Robert Carr.
Before the war he had contested the very-Conservative Wimbledon seat in 1931 and 1935, being heavily beaten.
He subsequently stood, without success, for the Kingston-upon-Thames constituency in the 1959 and 1964 general elections, on both occasions failing to unseat the Conservative incumbent, John Boyd-Carpenter, and one final time in Wimbledon in 1966.
# Virazouma

Virazouma is a village located in the Chümoukedima District of Nagaland and is a suburb of Chümoukedima, the district headquarters.

## Demographics

Virazouma is situated in the Chümoukedima District of Nagaland. As per the Population Census 2011, there are a total 247 households in Virazouma. The total population of Virazouma is 1276.
# Cecil Peabody

Cecil Hobart Peabody (1855 – 1934) was an American mechanical engineer, born on August 9 in Burlington, Vermont. He was very influential in the development of the Mechanical Engineering Department and in founding the Department of Naval Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

## Education and career

Peabody graduated from MIT in 1877. He became assistant professor of steam engineering in 1883 and in 1893 professor of marine engineering and naval architecture. Between graduation and his return to Boston he was Professor of Mathematics and Engineering at the Sapporo Imperial Agricultural College of Japan for two years and assistant professor of mechanical engineering in the University of Illinois. Shortly after beginning his teaching career at MIT, Peabody published in 1888 the Tables of Properties of Saturated Steam and Other Vapors and invented the throttling calorimeter. Peabody was ever expanding the course offerings at MIT and in his first year of teaching established courses in Marine Engineering and in 1891 courses in Naval Architecture. The courses led to the development of the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 1893. Peabody retired in 1920 from head of the Department of Naval Architecture.

## Publications

* Tables of the Properties of Saturated Steam and Other Vapors (1888; eighth edition, 1909)
* Thermodynamics of the Steam Engine and other Heat-Engines (1889; sixth edition, 1910)
* Valve-Gears for Steam-Engines (1892)
* Steam Boilers, with E. F. Miller, (1897; third edition, 1912)
* Manual of the Steam Engine Indicator (1900)
* Naval Architecture (1904; third edition, 1911)
* Propellers (1912)
* Computation for Marine Engines (1913)
* Thermodynamics of the Steam Turbine
# Tommy English

Tommy English may refer to:
* Tommy English (footballer) (born 1961), English footballer
* Tommy English (loyalist) (1960–2000), Northern Irish activist and politician
* Tommy English (producer) (born 1986), American producer and songwriter
# Viridictyna nelsonensis

Viridictyna nelsonensis is a species of Dictynidae spider that is endemic to New Zealand.

## Taxonomy

This species was described in 1970 by Ray Forster from female specimens collected in Nelson. The holotype is stored in Otago Museum.

## Description

The female is recorded at 2.34mm in length. In life, this species is green in colour.

## Distribution

This species is only known from Nelson, New Zealand.

## Conservation status

Under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, this species is listed as "Data Deficient" with the qualifiers of "Data Poor: Size" and "Data Poor: Trend".
# Tone Gazzari

Tone Gazzari (25 February 1912 – 23 July 1996) was a Yugoslav swimmer. He competed in the men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
# Violet Grantham

Violet Hardisty Grantham (15 February 1893 – 20 May 1983) was a British politician, the first woman to serve as Sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Born Violet Hardisty Taylor in Gateshead on 15 February 1893, the second of three children born to Thomas Taylor, a schoolmaster at St Cuthbert's High School, and Sarah Taylor (née McKelvie), formerly a pupil-teacher.
She was educated privately and married John Grantham in 1924. Her husband, a cinema proprietor, was elected to Newcastle City Council in 1912, later holding the titles of Sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1924-1925 and Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1936-37 respectively.
In addition to being his Lady Mayoress, Violet served on the boards of a number of local organisations and in 1937 she was elected to Newcastle City Council in her own right, representing the Conservative Party. In 1950 she became the first woman to serve as Sheriff of Newcastle-upon-Tyne later being elected as an alderman of Newcastle City Council in 1952, being the first woman elected to serve as Lord Mayor of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1956, Violet briefly held this post again due to the death of Aaron Curry. She again became an elected councillor in 1958 and was granted Honorary Freedom of the City in 1966, serving until the reorganisation of local government in 1974, when she retired.
# Vipera anatolica

Vipera anatolica, commonly known as the Anatolian meadow viper, is a species of venomous snake of the family Viperidae.

## Geographic range

The snake is found in southwestern Turkey.