OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Certaldo

Certaldo (Italian pronunciation:) is a town and comune (municipality) of Tuscany, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Florence, located in the middle of Valdelsa. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the Florence Cathedral (50 minutes by rail and 35 minutes by car from the city), and 40 minutes by rail north of Siena.
It was home to the family of Giovanni Boccaccio, author of the Decameron, who was possibly born and died at his home in Certaldo, being buried there in 1375. It is also the birthplace of actor Ernesto Calindri and of coach Luciano Spalletti, who has been the manager of Italy national football team since 2023.

## Geography

The town of Certaldo is divided into upper and lower parts. The lower part is called Certaldo Basso, whilst the medieval upper part is called Certaldo Alto. Certaldo Alto has limited vehicular access, for use by residents only. Visitors can park outside the walls or in the lower part and go to Certaldo Alto by the Certaldo funicular.

## History
### Etruscan-Roman period

Certaldo had Etruscan-Roman origins, as shown by the numerous archaeological finds that are scattered around the city's territory, including ceramics, utensils and Etruscan tombs, some of which were found just recently. The Etruscan origins were discovered mostly thanks to the toponymy of some localities and streams, for example the Agliena and the Elsa river (which flow near Certaldo), and the foodstuffs deposits in the hills. There are two hills in Certaldo where Etruscan tombs have been found, Poggio del Boccaccio and Poggio alle Fate. There was also a necropolis. All of the finds of Etruscan-Roman origin are today kept in the ground floor of the Palazzo Pretorio, in the medieval part of the town.
* Boccaccio's house, of red brick, like the other old houses here, was restored in 1823 and furnished with old furniture. A statue of him was erected in the main square in 1875.
* The Palazzo Pretorio, or Vicariale, the residence of the Florentine governors, recently restored to its original condition, has a picturesque facade adorned with ceramic coats of arms, and in the interior are various frescoes dating from the 13th to the 16th century.

## Culture

The town hosts several festivals a year. The largest and most famous is Mercantia, a week-long party in Certaldo Alto. It involves numerous street performers from across Italy, Europe and the Americas.

## Twin towns

* Neuruppin, Germany
* Kanramachi, Japan
* Canterbury, United Kingdom
# Bryce Kanights

Bryce Kanights is an American photographer and former professional skateboarder internationally recognized for his photographs of skateboarding.

## Career

Kanights grew up in San Francisco, California, photographing and skateboarding throughout the city. Kanights was the first skateboarder to be sponsored by Billabong but earned very little money from the sponsorship and his photography continued to be his primary source of income. Kanights worked for Thrasher for many years. As he describes on his website, he started shooting his first photographs as a teenager, when he was skateboarding in San Francisco. Since then his passion for photography only grew, until he was able to make it his job.

## Career

In his portfolio, Kanights has many big brands, such as:
* Apple
* Quiksilver
* Hurley
* Adidas
* GoPro
* Volcom
* Vans
* Levi's
* ESPN
* Konami
* Oakley
* Fox Racing
* EA Sports
* Bell Sports
* Da Kine
* Sutro Eyewear
* Pro-Tec
* Activision
* Nike
* Red Bull
* Skully Candy
* HUF
* Alli Sports
* Dew Tour
* FTC. Stance
* Street League
* Monster Energy
* Mountain Dew
* VICE Media
* Skateboarder
* Kingpin
* Juice
* Thrasher
# Melaleuca cordata

Melaleuca cordata is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small shrub with erect branches, heart-shaped leaves and clusters of pinkish-red to purple flowers over an extended period.

## Description

Melaleuca cordata is an erect, bushy shrub which grows to a height of between 0.3 and 3 m (1 and 10 ft) with dark grey, fibrous bark. Its leaves are egg-shaped to heart-shaped, between 7.5 and 30 mm (0.3 and 1 in) long and wide with a very short, or no stalk. They are glabrous when mature, spirally arranged around the stem with 5 to 9 veins and have a pointed end.
The flowers are deep pink to purplish-red, forming roughly spherical heads of flowers, thickly clustered on or near the ends of the stems. The flowers appear for extended periods from late spring to mid-summer. The fruit which follow flowering are woody capsules about 4 mm (0.2 in) in diameter, arranged in roughly spherical clusters.

## Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca cordata was first formally described in 1852 by the Russian botanist, Nikolai Turczaninow. The Latin specific epithet (cordata) means "cordate" or "heart-shaped", referring to the shape of the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia from the Geraldton-Mullewa districts south to the Lake Grace-Lake King area and east to Coolgardie. It occurs in the Coolgardie, Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains, Mallee and Warren biogeographic regions. It grows in a range of habitats including sandy, often gravelly soils on sandplains.

## Conservation status

Melaleuca cordata is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

## Use in horticulture

Its unusual foliage and long flowering period may make M. cordata an attractive and useful garden plant. It grows in a wide range of soils in temperate areas with low winter rainfall.
# Big Bend Rancheria

The Big Bend Rancheria is a settlement of the Pit River Tribe (Achomawi) north of Big Bend, in Shasta County, California. It is about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Redding.
41°01′35″N 121°55′08″W﻿ / ﻿41.02639°N 121.91889°W﻿ / 41.02639; -121.91889

## Education

The ranchería is served by the Indian Springs Elementary School District and Shasta Union High School District.
# Four eyes

Four eyes may refer to:
* Four Eyes, comic book
* Four Eyes!, television show
* Cryptoptila immersana, a moth with the common name four eyes or ivy leafroller
# Wilhelm Wiegand

Wilhelm Wiegand (5 November 1851, Ellrich – 8 March 1915, Strasbourg) was a German archivist and historian. He is best known for his research of Alsatian history and his publications involving Frederick the Great.
In 1874 he received his doctorate at the University of Strasbourg with the dissertation-thesis Die Vorreden Friedrichs des Grossen zur "Histoire de mon temps". From 1876 he worked as an archivist for the city of Strasbourg. In 1878 he obtained his habilitation from the university with a thesis titled "Bellum Waltherianum". From 1883, with philologist Ernst Martin, he was editor of the journal "Strassburger studien; zeitschrift für geschichte, sprache und litteratur des Elsasses" (Strassburg studies; magazine on the history, language and literature of Alsace).

## Published works

* Urkundenbuch der Stadt Straßburg, volume 1, Urkunden u. Stadtrecht bis zum J. 1266, (1879) – Documents of the city of Strasbourg, records and legal issues up until 1266.
* Verzeichniss der in den Jahren 1870-1882 erschienenen Litteratur über das Elsass; with Ernst Martin (1883) – Directory on the literature of Alsace, 1870-1882 .
* Urkundenbuch der Stadt Straßburg, volume 2, Politische Urkunden von 1266 bis 1332, (1886) – Documents of the city of Strasbourg, political records from 1266 to 1332.
* Friedrich der Grosse im Urteil der Nachwelt. Vortrag, etc. (1888) – Frederick the Great in the judgment of posterity.
* Bezirks- und Gemeinde-Archive im Elsass (1898) – District and municipal archives in Alsace.
* Friedrich der Große, (1902, 2nd edition 1909, 3rd edition 1922) – Frederick the Great.
He was also the author of numerous biographies in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.
# Volumetric flask

A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a certain temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of glass or plastic. The flask's mouth is either furnished with a plastic snap/screw cap or fitted with a joint to accommodate a PTFE or glass stopper. The neck of volumetric flasks is elongated and narrow with an etched ring graduation marking. The marking indicates the volume of liquid contained when filled up to that point. The marking is typically calibrated "to contain" (marked "TC" or "IN") at 20 °C and indicated correspondingly on a label. The flask's label also indicates the nominal volume, tolerance, precision class, relevant manufacturing standard and the manufacturer's logo. Volumetric flasks are of various sizes, containing from a fraction of a milliliter to hundreds of liters of liquid.

## Classes

Calibration and toleration standards for volumetric flasks are defined in the following standard specifications and practices: ASTM E288, E542, E694, ISO 1042, and GOST 1770-74. According to these specifications, volumetric flasks come in two different classes. The higher standard flasks (Class A, Class 1, USP or equivalent depending on the country) are made with a more accurately placed graduation mark, and have a unique serial number for traceability. Where this is not required, a lower standard (Class B or equivalent) is used for qualitative or educational work.

## Modifications

Volumetric flasks are generally colourless but may be amber-coloured for the handling of light-sensitive compounds such as silver nitrate or vitamin A.
A modification of the volumetric flask exists for dealing with large quantities of solids that are to be transferred into a volumetric vessel for dissolution. Such a flask has a wide mouth and is known as a Kohlrausch volumetric flask. This kind of volumetric flask is commonly used in analysis of the sugar content in sugar beets.
While conventional volumetric flasks have a single mark, industrial volumetric tests in analytical chemistry and food chemistry may employ specialized volumetric flasks with multiple marks to combine several accurately measured volumes.
A highly specialized kind of the volumetric flask is the Le Chatelier flask for use with the volumetric procedure in specific gravity determination.
# Vālmiki (crater)

Vālmiki is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. It is named for the Indian poet Valmiki.
Vālmiki is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.
Vālmiki is located between the ancient, large craters Tolstoj (to the west) and Beethoven (to the east). To the southwest is Gogol, and to the southeast is Bartók.
* Vālmiki at center with Beethoven in the background
* Enhanced color image of Tolstoj crater (top center) and Bashō crater (lower left), with Vālmiki in the right corner.
# Megan Blake Irwin

Megan Blake Irwin (Born July 9, 1992) is an Australian model.
Irwin was born in Adelaide, Australia and was discovered at age 14 by Pride Models. Both her mother and her sister modeled and she followed in their footsteps.
Irwin appeared in Mario Testino's guest-edited Vogue Australia issue when he hand picked her after a chance meeting at a bar in Sydney. Irwin was the muse in the Seduce x Disney collaboration, Alice in Wonderland, photographed by Margaret Zhang.
Irwin has modelled for Harper's Bazaar Singapore, Vogue Australia and Japan, Guess, David Jones, Kookai, GQ Magazine, Trussardi and Seafolly.
In 2015 and 2017 she walked in the Adelaide Fashion Festival for Paolo Sebastian and David Jones respectively.

## Personal life

In early 2017, Irwin dated Australian AFL player and model Tom Derickx and confirmed to Adelaide Confidential in September 2017 that she was dating businessman Nicolo Knows. In 2018, she dated billionaire David Mimran who was 22 years her senior after meeting at the Cannes Film Festival.
Irwin has an on again off again relationship with Scott Disick which started in 2016 and picked up again briefly in 2020. Skeet Ulrich dated Irwin for three months in 2020.
Irwin lives in New York City.
# María Montecristo

María Montecristo is a 1951 Mexican drama film directed by Luis César Amadori and starring Zully Moreno, Arturo de Córdova and Carlos López Moctezuma.
The film's art direction was by Jorge Fernández.

## Main cast

* Zully Moreno as María Montecristo
* Arturo de Córdova as Hugo Galarza
* Carlos López Moctezuma as Avila
* Andrés Soler as Doctor Segura
* Jorge Reyes as Miguelito
* Dolores Tinoco as Renee
* Felipe Montoya as Señor cura
* Eduardo Arozamena as Professor Fabré
* Manuel Dondé as Lic. Suárez
* Pepe Martínez as Toño
* Antonio R. Frausto as Tomás
* José Muñoz as Boticario
* Maria Luisa Malvido
* Jorge Arriaga
* Juan Orraca
* Víctor Alcocer as Doctor
* Manuel Noriega
# American Preppers Network

The American Preppers Network (APN) is a non-profit corporation and part of a growing international movement of people who call themselves preppers. The social network is organized by state and regional blogs and forums. The members are volunteer contributors who are dedicated to providing free information on survival skills, preparedness, self-sufficiency and sustainability.
The network of blogs is based on the concept originally created by Riverwalker of Stealth Survival who founded the first Preppers Network, Texas Preppers Network. The social network is composed of a variety of media that include chatrooms, forums, social networking pages, and a preparedness directory; Prepper.org.
The organization has also formed alliances with independent affiliates such as Pioneer Living Survival Magazine, a homesteading and survival skills website which provides a range of advice for those who just want to store extra food in case of a power cut, to those who want to embrace the "off the grid" lifestyle of America's western pioneers a blog that showcases survival and preparedness blogs across the web. In addition to the affiliates, the group also supports several independent homesteading, survival and preparedness sites such as Prepper Podcast John Milandred Also Ready Nutrition and The Survival Mom.
The individuals involved in the prepper network prefer to be called preppers instead of survivalists because they are regular people with normal lifestyles and jobs who prepare for a variety of reasons whether natural or man-made.
A unique difference that sets the network of preppers apart from their survivalist counterparts is the growing number of women involved in the movement
# Perdita octomaculata

The eight-spotted miner bee (Perdita octomaculata) is a species of miner bee in the family Andrenidae. Another common name for this species is the eight-spotted perdita. It is found in North America.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species Perdita octomaculata:
* Perdita octomaculata octomaculata
* Perdita octomaculata terminata Cockerell, 1922-28

## References—

* 1 2 "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
* ↑ "Perdita octomaculata Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
* ↑ "Perdita octomaculata". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
* ↑ "Perdita octomaculata species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
# Topflight Corporation

Topflight Corporation is a manufacturer of printed labels and die-cut components. Topflight is ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 13485:2003 certified and creates products for varying industries: Medical Devices, Pharmaceutical, Consumer & Durable Goods, Cosmetic & Personal Care, Electronics, Tire and Automotive.

## History

Topflight was founded in 1943 as the Topflight Tool Company, a precision machine shop that made components for World War II aircraft. Identifying the components became necessary, and Topflight designed printing presses to label the parts. After the war, the company moved into the emerging pressure-sensitive label market. Topflight continued to design its own presses throughout the 1950s and 1960s. It added high-performance products including shrinkable film, tamper-evident labels and conductive printing. In 1998, Topflight moved its headquarters to Glen Rock, Pennsylvania.

### Sister companies

In 1961, Topflight created Adhesives Research to chemically engineer adhesive solutions existing companies could not achieve. To specifically meet the technical needs of membrane switches and biosensors, Conductive Technologies was formed in 1979. Both companies are now separate entities, but maintain a relationship with Topflight Corporation.

### Products and services

Topflight Corporation specializes in digital printing, high-speed flexography, roll-to-roll screen printing, letterpress, hot-stamp printing, die-cutting, laminating and coating. The company operates in a lean manufacturing environment to provide fast turnaround and lower costs for larger companies such as Black & Decker and the Estée Lauder Companies. Topflight is one of the few converters in North America with a robust RFID label program. Additionally, Topflight delivers security printing solutions, most notably microscopic taggants.
# Warta Zawiercie

Warta Zawiercie can refer to:
* Warta Zawiercie (football)
* Warta Zawiercie (volleyball)
# Mellitiosporium

Mellitiosporium is a genus of fungi in the Rhytismatales order. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the order is unknown (incertae sedis), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any family.
# Messongo, Virginia

Messongo is an unincorporated community in Accomack County, Virginia.
# Norbert Klein

Norbert Klein (25 October 1866 in Brunzeif, Austrian Silesia – 10 March 1933 in Bruntál, Czechoslovakia) was Bishop of Brno from 1916 to 1926 and 59th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1923 to 1933.

## Life

Klein began his theological studies in 1885 at Olomouc. He continued for two years before entering the novitiate of the Teutonic Order in 1887. On 27 July 1890 he was ordained to the priesthood and in 1892 he made his solemn profession in the order. In 1903 he was named Prior of Opava. On 7 December 1916 he was appointed to be Bishop of Brno. On 28 January 1917 he was ordained bishop. On 30 April 1923 he became the first clerical grand master of the Teutonic Order when Archduke Eugen of Austria resigned in order to ensure that the order retained its properties in Austria and Czechoslovakia which were threatened with confiscation by the respective governments. On 4 January 1926 Klein resigned as Bishop of Brno and was named Titular Bishop of Syene.
In 1929 Klein transformed the Order into a monastic order.
Klein died on 10 March 1933, and is buried in Bruntál. After his death Paul Heider became grand master for three years; upon Heider's death, Klein’s nephew Robert Schälzky became grand master.
# Soompi

Soompi is an English-language website providing coverage of Korean pop culture. It has one of the largest international Internet communities for K-pop, mostly concentrated in news and forums. With more than 23 million fans across all platforms, Soompi offers English and Spanish services.
Since its establishment in 1998, Soompi has grown into one of the longest-running, and most frequently visited websites providing coverage of Korean music, celebrity news and entertainment.
Initially its visitors were mostly Koreans residing in foreign nations, with over 1.2 million people visiting the site. However, as of 2012, the majority of its members are non-Koreans in the United States, Canada, Singapore, the Philippines, and Malaysia, among others.

## History

Soompi was founded in 1998 by Korean American web developer Susan Kang, In February 2011, it was acquired by Enswers, Inc., a Seoul-based IT venture company specializing in video search technology, and operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of it. When Enswers was acquired by another company, Soompi found a new home with Crunchyroll, a U.S.-based VOD site that specializes in anime, in 2013. Viki acquired Soompi on August 19, 2015.

## Soompi Awards

Soompi is also known for its annual Soompi Awards, which began in 2005, and recognise K-pop and Korean drama acts. Winners are selected partially based on fan voting and partially based on Soompi's music charts.
# Ethan T. Berlin

Ethan T. Berlin is a writer, television producer, comedian, actor, and cartoonist in the United States. He is a co-creator of IFC's comedy game show Bunk and the creator of the web comic Murray the Nut. Berlin's first book, The Hugely-Wugely Spider was published in 2018. He co-wrote on the comedy television special Night of Too Many Stars which was nominated for an Emmy award in 2013.

## Early life and education

Berlin is from Reston, Virginia. He attended South Lakes High School and the Burren College of Art in Ballyvaughn, County Clare, Ireland.

## Career
### Television

Berlin's first major writing job was on the Comedy Central puppet prank show, Crank Yankers in 2004. Subsequent writing credits included TBS’s “Lopez Tonight,” HBO’s “Da Ali G Show,” FOX’s "Talkshow with Spike Feresten,” and HBO’s "Night of Too Many Stars: America Comes Together for Autism Programs."
He has executive produced various series, including, FX’s "Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell,” CNBC’s "The Filthy Rich Guide,” and TruTV’s “Paid off with Michael Torpey". In 2006, Berlin created and executive produced the animated MTV pilot, All-Star American Destiny Trek, a parody of the competition television series genre, which starred Will Arnett and Tom Kenney. In 2012, Berlin co-created, executive produced and starred in the parody game show Bunk on the IFC network.

### Other media

Berlin created the daily web comic series Murray the Nut which ran from 2008 to 2017. In 2018 he wrote The Hugely-Wugely Spider, a children's book. His next book I’m Not A Dog Toy was published in March 2021,. He currently stars as the robot L.I.S.A. on the podcast The Big Fib. Berlin teaches classes in comedy writing at various institutions including New York University and SUNY Stonybrook.
# Willaerts

Willaerts is a surname of Dutch origin. People with that name include:
* Abraham Willaerts (c. 1603 - 1669), Dutch painter
* Adam Willaerts (1577-1664), Dutch painter
* Isaac Willaerts (1610/1620 - 1693), Dutch painter
# Volari V5

On September 15, 2003, XGI Technology Inc introduced the Volari V5. The V5 is a video card and was available with an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) 8x interface in Taiwan. It is similar in terms of clock speed to the Radeon 9600 Pro and the GeForce FX 5600.