OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Olympic Training Center Velodrome

The Olympic Training Center Velodrome, also known as the 7-11 Velodrome, is a velodrome in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

## Description

The track is surfaced with concrete, which is unusual as Olympic-quality tracks tend to be timber or synthetics. It was built in 1983, has a length of 333.333 m (364.537 yd) and is situated at an altitude of over 1850 m (6000 ft) above sea level.

## Events

In September 1984, the velodrome hosted the United States Cycling Federation Veteran's National Track Championships.
The velodrome was the site of the track competition of the World Cycling Championships in 1986. The competition took place from 27 August to 1 September that year and marked the fourth time the World Championships was held in the US.
In June 2014, a masters champion, Victor Williams, died after a crash during a race at the Velodrome.
Evelyn Stevens set the UCI women's hour record on the track in February 2016.
# Mickleover Royals F.C.

Mickelover Royals F.C. was an English football club based in the Derby suburb of Mickleover in Derbyshire. The club last played in the East Midlands Counties League.

## History

Mickleover Royals was formed in 2005 as an under 12s team, playing as Derby Royals. Three years later a men's team was formed. In 2011 the club joined the Midlands Regional Alliance. The following season the club changed its name to Mickleover Royals and was elected to the Central Midlands League, finishing in 6th place. The club made its debut in the FA Vase in the 2013–14 season. In the season 2014–15 Royals beat Basford United 1–0 with a 70th-minute goal by Kirk Francis in the second preliminary round of the FA Vase, while they were promoted to the East Midlands Counties League by winning the Central Midlands League South Division. However, due to financial difficulties, they resigned four matches into the new season and the club folded. Their record was expunged.

## Records

* Central Midlands League South Division
** Champions 2014–15
* FA Vase
** Second Qualifying Round 2013–14
* FA Vase
** Second Round Proper 2014–15
# Milan Zorica

Milan Zorica (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Зорица; born 7 January 1992) is a Serbian footballer who plays for Omladinac Novi Banovci.

## Career

Born in Knin, he played with FK Sopot before joining Serbian SuperLiga side FK Hajduk Kula during the winter break of the 2011-12 season. A year later he moved to FK Dunav Stari Banovci playing in the Serbian League Vojvodina.
On 13 July 2021, he signed with Omladinac Novi Banovci.
# Pavilion (exhibition)

A pavilion is a genre of building often found at large international exhibitions such as a World's fair. It may be designed by a well-known architect or designer from the exhibiting country to showcase the latest technology of the exhibitor or be designed in what is considered the national architectural style of the exhibiting country. The German pavilion for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, for instance, was designed by noted modernist German architects Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich.
# 816 Juliana

816 Juliana is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It measures 59.85k in diameter. It was discovered on 8 February 1916 by Max Wolf at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg, Germany.
Wolf probably chose the name to honour Princess Juliana (later Queen Juliana of the Netherlands); he had previously named 392 Wilhelmina after her mother.
# Admaston

Admaston may refer to:
* Admaston, Ontario, Canada
* Admaston Bromley, Ontario, Canada
* Admaston, Shropshire, England, UK
* Admaston, Staffordshire, England, UK
# French frigate Infatigable (1799)

Infatigable was a 40-gun Valeureuse-class frigate of the French Navy, launched at Le Havre in 1799. She took part in Allemand's expedition of 1805. The British Royal Navy captured her in 1806. She was taken into the Royal Navy but never used and she was broken up in 1811.

## French career

Infatigable was under the command of capitaine de vaiseau Meynne between 22 October 1801 and 26 December 1802. First she sailed from Havre to Cherbourg. Then she carried troops from Cherbourg to Cap-Français via Douvres, Dunkirk, and Flessingue. From Cap-Français she conducted a mission to Havana, from which she returned to Cap-Français before sailing back to Brest.
Around 31 July 1803 capitaine de vaisseau Troude brought the colonial prefect (governor) of "Aure" and passengers from Cap-Français back to Lorient.
A French squadron consisting of Actæon, Armide, Gloire, Infatigable, Jemmapes, Lion, Lynx and Magnanime burnt the sloop Eclipse, Lady Nelson, Matthew, Thetis, and Thomas in an attack at Saint Kitts. The same squadron burnt the Lady Jane Halliday, the Nelly, and the Themis at Nevis.
Between 11 and 20 November 1805, Infatigable, under the command of capitaine de vaisseau Joseph-Maurice Girardias, was in Île-d'Aix roads.

## Capture

A four-ship squadron of the Royal Navy under Samuel Hood captured her in the action of 25 September 1806, together with Gloire, Minerve and Armide after they had left Rochefort the evening before. Infatigable was under the command of capitaine de vaisseau "Giradiers". French casualties were heavy as the French squadron was carrying troops.

## Fate

The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Immortalite but never used her. She was broken up in 1811.

## Citations

* ↑ Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 142.
* ↑ Fonds Marine, p. 267.
* ↑ Fonds Marine, p. 286.
* ↑ Fonds Marine, p. 341.
* ↑ "No. 15962". The London Gazette. 30 September 1806. pp. 1306–1307.
# Madison Park

Madison Park may refer to:
* Madison Square Park, in Manhattan, New York City
* Madison Park (Madison Street Park), a park in Hoboken, New Jersey
* Madison Park (Seattle), a park in Seattle, Washington
* Madison Park, Seattle, a neighborhood in Seattle
* Madison Park, Baltimore, a neighborhood in Baltimore, Maryland
* Madison Park (musical duo), an electronica band
* Madison Park, New Jersey
# Omorgus tytus

Omorgus tytus is a beetle of the family Trogidae.
# A Romance

A Romance may refer to:
* Middle Age: A Romance, a bestselling 2001 novel
* Possession: A Romance, a 1990 bestselling novel
* The Abbess: A Romance, a gothic novel by William Henry Ireland
* The Scarlet Letter: A Romance, an American novel
# Etchplain

An etchplain is a plain where the bedrock has been subject to considerable "etching" or subsurface weathering. Etchplanation is the process forming etchplains. Contrary to what the name might suggest, etchplains are seldom completely flat and usually display some relief, as weathering of the bedrock does not advance uniformly. This means that weathering is unrelated to the flatness which might be derivative of various other processes of planation including peneplanation and pediplanation. Erosion of etchplains can result in the exposure of inselbergs such as bornhardt and tors. Generally the topography exposed at a stripped etchplain, that is an etch surface, after erosion of regolith is one with many irregularities as result of structurally defined areas of rock strength.
A distinction can be made between etchplains and etch surfaces as the latter may or may not be flat and can represent the landform arising from the stripping of an etchplain.
As climate changes, arid and semi-arid periods of pediplanation may alternate with more humid periods of etchplanation resulting in the formation of flattish surfaces (peneplains) of mixed origin (polygenetic).
During wet seasons deep weathering is more pronounced producing regolith which is then stripped away by erosion during subsequent dry seasons. The rate of stripping must exceed that of regolith production by deep weathering, otherwise deep-seated basal surfaces would not be revealed.
The African Surface formed 70–40 million years ago is an example of an etchplain.

## History of the concept

The term 'etchplain' or 'etched peneplain' was originally coined to describe surfaces in East Africa by E. J. Wayland in 1934 and Bailey Willis in 1936. This last geologist applied the term etched peneplain to the Tanganyika Plateau. Julius Büdel developed the concept further in the second half of the 20th century, but never did use the term 'etchplain'. The term came for a long time to be associated with landscapes in the tropics or with a tropical climate but since the 1980s it has also been used to describe flat weathered landscapes at higher latitudes.
# Sialoglycoprotein

A sialoglycoprotein is a combination of sialic acid and glycoprotein, which is, itself, a combination of sugar and protein. These proteins often contain one or more sialyl oligosaccharides that are covalently bound to the rest of the molecule.
Glycophorin C is one common sialoglycoprotein. Podocalyxin is another sialoglycoprotein found in the foot processes of the podocyte cells of the glomerulus in kidneys. Podocalyxin is negatively charged and therefore repels other negatively charged molecules, thus contributing to the minimal filtration of negatively charged molecules by the kidney. Its molecular weight is 46 kDa.
# Pavilion Hotel

The Pavilion Hotel may refer to:
* The Pavilion (Vermont)
* Pavilion Hotel (Nebraska), listed on the National Register of Historic Places
# Caleb Thomas Winchester

Caleb Thomas Winchester (January 18, 1847 – March 24, 1920) was an American English scholar.

## Biography

He was born in Montville, Connecticut. He prepared for college at Wilbraham Academy in Wilbraham, Massachusetts. He then attended Wesleyan University, where he graduated in 1869. He remained at Wesleyan, where he was librarian until 1873, professor of rhetoric and English literature until 1890, and simply professor of English literature after that. During 1880-81 he studied in Leipzig, Germany. He was noted for the quality of his lectures.
He married Julia Stackpole Smith in 1872. She died in 1877, and he married Alice Goodwin Smith in 1880.

## Works

He wrote:
* Some Principles of Literary Criticism (1899)
* Life of John Wesley (1906)
* A Group of English Essayists (1910)
* Wordsworth — How to Know Him (1916)
* An Old Castle and other essays (1922)
Besides serving on the deliberative assembly which revised The Methodist Hymnal, he edited:
* Selected Essays of Joseph Addison (1886, 1890)
* Five Short Courses of Reading in English Literature (1892; third edition, revised, 1911)
* The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers (1904)
* Representative English Essays (1914)
# Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Eswatini)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation is a cabinet ministry of Eswatini in charge of conducting and designing the foreign relations of the country.
The current minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation is Thuli Dladla.

## List of ministers

This is a list of ministers of foreign affairs and international cooperation of Eswatini:
* 1968–1970: Prince Makhosini Dlamini
* 1970–1971: Zonke Amos Khumalo
* 1971–1972: Kanyakwezwe Henry Dlamini
* 1972–1979: Mhlangano Stephen Matsebula
* 1979–1982: Lawrence Macina
* 1982–1984: Richard Velaphi Dlamini
* 1984–1986: Mhambi Mnisi
* 1986–1987: Shadrack J.S. Sibanyoni
* 1987–1993: Sir George Mbikwakhe Mamba
* 1993–1995: Solomon Dlamini
* 1995–1998: Arthur Khoza
* 1998–2001: Albert Nhlanhla Shabangu
* 2001–2003: Abednego Ntshangase
* 2003 : Roy Fanourakis
* 2003–2006: Mabili Dlamini
* 2006–2008: Moses Mathendele Dlamini
* 2008–2011: Lutfo Dlamini
* 2011–2013: Mtiti Fakudze
* 2013 : Sotsha Dlamini (acting)
* 2013–2018: Mgwagwa Gamedze
* 2018 : Joel Musa Nhleko (acting)
* 2018–present: Thuli Dladla
# French frigate Infernal

Infernal was a wooden-hulled paddle frigate of the French Navy.
She took part in the Crimean War.
She was eventually burnt by accident at Valparaiso on 1 October 1861.
# Pistacia integerrima

Pistacia integerrima is a species of pistachio tree native to Asia, commonly called zebrawood. It is often classified as Pistacia chinensis ssp. integerrima. It is used for a variety of purposes in India, including timber, dye, and fodder. The leaf galls are used in traditional herbalism for cough, asthma, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Long, horn-shaped leaf galls that often develop on this tree are harvested and used to make kakadshringi, an herbal medicine for diarrhea in northern India.
This tree is also used as a rootstock in the cultivation of commercial pistachios.
# Omorgus vladislavi

Omorgus vladislavi is a species of hide beetle in the subfamily Omorginae.
# A Roman Scandal (band)

A Roman Scandal was a synthpop band from Austin, Texas active from 1999 through 2001. Members included Tyler Jacobsen (1977–2019) (from Denim and Diamonds and OMD 20/20), Sean O'Neal (from the Arm and This Microwave World, and currently a writer for The Onion's A.V. Club), Chris Bultman (from the Daniel Johnston Band, Jad Fair, This Microwave World, and Denim and Diamonds), Alex Killough (from OMD 20/20), and Jason Reece (from ...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead).
# Captain Trip Records

Captain Trip Records is a Japanese music label founded and run by musician Ken Matsutani. The label specializes in experimental music and various subgenres of rock, particularly psychedelic rock and progressive rock. In addition to the publication of new albums, it has also devoted itself to the reissue of out-of-print records, as well as unreleased old material.
Their catalog includes albums by psychedelic rock bands like Blue Cheer, The Deviants, and The Velvet Underground, experimental music projects like Esplendor Geometrico and ◯△▢ (Maru Sankaku Shikaku), and a vast discography within the German krautrock scene, with records by Conrad Schnitzler, Amon Düül II, Kluster, Cluster, Hans-Joachim Roedelius, Dieter Moebius, Neu!, La Düsseldorf, La! Neu?, 1-A Düsseldorf, Kraan and Guru Guru.
# 2017 Bulgarian Cup final

The 2017 Bulgarian Cup final was the 77th final of the Bulgarian Cup. The final took place on 24 May 2017 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. It was refereed by Nikola Popov, from Sofia.
The clubs contesting the final were Ludogorets Razgrad and Botev Plovdiv. This was the second time the final was contested between these two teams. The first one being in 2014 won by Ludogorets 1-0. Botev won the match 2–1, claiming their third Bulgarian Cup and first since 1981.

## Route to the final

| Ludogorets | Ludogorets | Ludogorets | Round | Botev | Botev | Botev |
| Opponent | Result | Legs | | Opponent | Result | Legs |
| Botev Vratsa | 4–0 | away | 1st Round | Pirin Gotse Delchev | 6–3 | away |
| Montana | 4–0 | away | 2nd Round | Neftochimic Burgas | 3–0 | home |
| Lokomotiv Plovdiv | 4–0 | away | Quarter-finals | Pirin Blagoevgrad | 1–0 | away |
| Litex Lovech | 11–0 | 4–0 home; 7–0 away | Semi-finals | Vereya | 2–1 | 1–0 away; 1–1 home |

## Match
### Details

| Ludogorets | Botev |
| GK | 33 | Renan |
| RB | 4 | Cicinho |
| CB | 5 | José Palomino |
| CB | 27 | Cosmin Moți | 26' |
| LB | 6 | Natanael |
| DM | 18 | Svetoslav Dyakov (c) |
| CM | 10 | Campanharo | | 55' |
| AM | 84 | Marcelinho | | 67' |
| RW | 88 | Wanderson |
| LW | 93 | Virgil Misidjan |
| CF | 22 | Jonathan Cafu | | 55' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 29 | Daniel Naumov |
| MF | 8 | Lucas Sasha |
| FW | 11 | Juninho Quixadá | 75' | 55' |
| MF | 12 | Anicet | | 67' |
| DF | 19 | Aleksandar Vasilev |
| FW | 28 | Claudiu Keșerü | | 55' |
| DF | 32 | Ihor Plastun |
| Manager: ||
| Georgi Dermendzhiev ||
| GK | 99 | Ivan Čvorović | 90+4' |
| RB | 2 | Tsvetomir Panov |
| CB | 18 | Radoslav Terziev |
| CB | 4 | Viktor Genev | 90+4' |
| LB | 24 | Lazar Marin |
| DM | 14 | Yaya Meledje |
| CM | 17 | Lachezar Baltanov (c) |
| AM | 20 | Omar Kossoko | 32' | 70' |
| RW | 8 | Todor Nedelev |
| LW | 25 | Krum Stoyanov | | 84' |
| CF | 39 | Antonio Vutov | 50' | 64' |
| Substitutes: ||
| GK | 21 | Martin Dimitrov |
| DF | 5 | Kristian Dimitrov |
| MF | 7 | Felipe Brisola | | 70' |
| FW | 9 | Fernando Viana | 86' 90+2' | 64' |
| MF | 10 | Serkan Yusein | | 84' |
| MF | 26 | Radoslav Apostolov |
| MF | 77 | Milko Georgiev |
| Manager: ||
| Nikolay Kirov ||
| MATCH OFFICIALS Assistant referees: Georgi Todorov & Martin Venev Fourth official: Stefan Apostolov (Simitli) | MATCH RULES 90 minutes. 30 minutes of extra-time if necessary. Penalty shoot-out if scores still level. Seven named substitutes. Maximum of three substitutions. |
# 2016–17 SVB Eerste Klasse

The 2016–17 SVB Eerste Klasse was the 61st official season of the Eerste Klasse, the second highest football league competition of Suriname. The season began on 3 December 2016. It concluded on 17 June 2017.

## Teams

Nacional Deva Boys and Amar Deep were refused a license and were relegated to the Lidbondentoernooi. Flora, Slee Juniors, Tahitie and TOK were promoted from the Lidbondentoernooi.

### Stadiums and locations

| Team | Location | Stadium |
| ACoconut | Brokopondo | Brokopondo Stadion |
| Boma Star | Lelydorp | Bomastar Sportscomplex |
| Caravan | Livorno | Eddy Blackman Stadion |
| Flora | Paramaribo | Flora Stadion |
| Papatam | Albina | Albina Stadion |
| Santos | Nieuw Nickerie | Nickerie Stadion |
| Slee Juniors | Paramaribo | Kamperveen Stadion |
| Tahitie | Brownsweg | Brokopondo Stadion |
| TOK | Moengo | Moengo Stadion |
| West United | Totness | Letitia Vriesde Sportcomplex |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | West United (C, P) | 17 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 35 | 17 | +18 | 34 | Promotion to the 2017–18 SVB Eerste Divisie |
| 2 | Papatam (P) | 17 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 33 | 24 | +9 | 32 | Promotion to the 2017–18 SVB Eerste Divisie |
| 3 | ACoconut | 17 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 49 | 30 | +19 | 31 | |
| 4 | Santos | 17 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 32 | 27 | +5 | 31 | |
| 5 | Slee Juniors | 17 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 41 | 31 | +10 | 30 | |
| 6 | Tahitie | 17 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 20 | 25 | −5 | 23 | |
| 7 | Flora | 17 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 30 | 30 | 0 | 19 | |
| 8 | Boma Star | 17 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 31 | 39 | −8 | 14 | |
| 9 | Caravan (R) | 17 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 20 | 64 | −44 | 4 | Relegation to the 2017–18 SVB Derde Divisie |
| 10 | TOK (D, R) | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 19 | −4 | 11 | Expelled |
* ↑ TOK was expelled after not showing up in two matches. Their results from second half of season were declared null.
# Mioptachys

Mioptachys is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
* Mioptachys autumnalis (Bates, 1882)
* Mioptachys cruciger (Bates, 1871)
* Mioptachys cucujoides (Bates, 1882)
* Mioptachys flavicauda (Say, 1823)
* Mioptachys insularis (Darlington, 1939)
* Mioptachys melanius (Bates, 1871)
* Mioptachys neotropicus (Csiki, 1928)
* Mioptachys noctis (Darlington, 1935)
* Mioptachys ocularis (Casey, 1918)
* Mioptachys oopteroides Bates, 1882
* Mioptachys parallelus (Bates, 1871)
* Mioptachys trechoides Bates, 1882
* Mioptachys xanthura (Bates, 1871)
# JC Biver

JC Biver (officially jcbiver SA) is a Swiss luxury watch maker. Founded in 2022 by industry veteran Jean-Claude Biver and his youngest son Pierre Biver, the brand is headquartered in Givrins, Switzerland. Pierre Biver currently serves as its CEO.
# 2020 Saint Kitts and Nevis general election

General elections were held in Saint Kitts and Nevis on Friday 5 June 2020.
The ruling coalition, Team Unity consisting of PAM, CCM and PLP, won a landslide victory with nine out of the eleven directly elected deputies, and netting a combined 54.85% of the vote. However, similar to the prior elections in 2015, the individual party that won the most votes (PAM) did not win the most seats.

## Electoral system

Eleven of the fifteen seats in the National Assembly are elected, with three other members appointed by the Governor-General at some point after the elections and one seat held by the Attorney-General. The eleven elected seats are elected in single-member constituencies using plurality voting.

## Results

| | Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party | 10,316 | 37.09 | 2 | –1 |
| | People's Action Movement | 8,067 | 29.00 | 4 | 0 |
| | People's Labour Party | 3,681 | 13.23 | 2 | +1 |
| | Concerned Citizens' Movement | 3,510 | 12.62 | 3 | +1 |
| | Nevis Reformation Party | 2,232 | 8.02 | 0 | –1 |
| | Independents | 11 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Appointed members | Appointed members | | | 4 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 27,817 | 100.00 | 15 | 0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 27,817 | 99.23 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 215 | 0.77 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 28,032 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 48,076 | 58.31 | | |
| Source: Winn FM ||||||

### Elected MPs

| Constituency | MPs | Party |
| St Christopher #1 | Geoffrey Hanley | Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party |
| St Christopher #2 | Jonel Powell | People's Action Movement |
| St Christopher #3 | Akilah Byron-Nisbett | People's Labour Party |
| St Christopher #4 | Lindsay Grant | People's Action Movement |
| St Christopher #5 | Shawn Richards | People's Action Movement |
| St Christopher #6 | Denzil Douglas | Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party |
| St Christopher #7 | Timothy Harris | People's Labour Party |
| St Christopher #8 | Eugene Hamilton | People's Action Movement |
| Nevis #9 | Mark Brantley | Concerned Citizens' Movement |
| Nevis #10 | Eric Evelyn | Concerned Citizens' Movement |
| Nevis #11 | Alexis Jeffers | Concerned Citizens' Movement |
| Source: ||||
# Bourret's horseshoe bat

Bourret's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus paradoxolophus) is a species of horseshoe bat native to Southeast Asia. The name "paradoxolophus" is derived from the Greek words paradoxos, meaning "contrary to expectation", and lophos, meaning "crest". This name refers to the bat's difference in nose-leaf morphology compared to other Rhinolophus species. There are no recognised subspecies.

## Description

Bourret's horseshoe bat is of similar size to many other horseshoe bats, being on average 8.5 cm (3.3 in) in total length, and weighing about 11 g (0.39 oz). The fur is brown in colour, varying from almost black to a lighter, cinnamon, shade, and is paler on the animal's underside. Distinguishing features of the bat include a long, narrow, skull, unusually large ears, and a uniquely shaped nose-leaf. Apart from the nose-leaf, they most closely resemble the king horseshoe bat, but are smaller, with a longer, narrower antitragus.
Bourret's horseshoe bat is a unique example of extreme nose-leaf morphology among the Rhinolophidae. The nose-leaf consists of a very wide anterior part divided into two long forward-facing lobes, and a relatively low, rounded, posterior part. The region between the nostrils is greatly expanded, forming a large cup-like structure covering small pockets behind each nostril, and with a large tongue-shaped protrusion.

## Distribution and habitat

Bourret's horseshoe bat is native to northern Vietnam, southwest China, central Vietnam, central Thailand, and northern and central Laos. They inhabit lowland forests, ranging from rainforests to dry pine forest, but always in close association with limestone caves.

## Biology

The echolocation calls of Bourret's horseshoe bat last 40 to 50 milliseconds. They are unusually low in frequency, with the main component at 43 kHz, followed by a final drop to 37 kHz. According to one study, the need to produce such low calls explains the unusual shape of the nose-leaf. They roost in limestone caves, and, at least in China, enter torpor during the winter. They give birth to a single young, with pregnant females being reported from Vietnam in May.

## Identity of the species

There is disagreement about whether R. paradoxolophus should be considered a separate species. In a 2009 study it was proposed that there are insufficient morphological differences between Bourret's horseshoe bat and the king horseshoe bat to justify them being considered separate species. When measuring the forearm length of the two species, the study claims there is only a 6 mm (0.24 in) difference, and that the calling frequencies are very similar. The only substantial difference is the nose-leaf morphology, which, according to this study, has little to no effect on call frequency. The two species may therefore be best recognised as subspecies of Rhinolophus rex.