OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Variational

Variational may refer to:
* Calculus of variations, a field of mathematical analysis that deals with maximizing or minimizing functionals
* Variational method (quantum mechanics), a way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state in quantum physics
* Variational Bayesian methods, a family of techniques for approximating integrals in Bayesian inference and machine learning
* Variational properties, properties of an organism relating to the production of variation among its offspring in evolutionary biology
* Variationist sociolinguistics or variational sociolinguistics, the study of variation in language use among speakers or groups of speakers
# Vasireddy

Vasireddy may refer to:
* Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu - the last king of the Vasireddy clan
* Vasireddy Seethadevi - a Telugu writer of Andhra Pradesh, India
* Vasireddy Sri Krishna - Vice Chancellor of Andhra University
* Raja of Muktyala - also known as Vasireddy Ramagopalakrishna Maheswara Prasad, member of the Vasireddy clan
* Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology - an engineering college in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India
# National Distance Running Hall of Fame

The National Distance Running Hall of Fame was a hall of fame in Utica, New York dedicated to the sport of distance running. It was established on July 11, 1998.
In 1999, the Hall of Fame moved into a building in downtown Utica, with mayor Ed Hanna providing financial assistance. It moved to a building near the finish line of the Boilermaker Road Race in 2013. In the 2020s, the Hall of Fame closed permanently. Its building is now offices for the Boilermaker Road Race.

## Members

| | Key |
| † | Denotes a posthumous induction |
| Inductee | Year inducted |
| Horace Ashenfelter | 2012 |
| Dick Beardsley | 2010 |
| Joan Benoit | 1998 |
| Bill Bowerman$^†$ | 2002 |
| Doris Brown Heritage | 2002 |
| Amby Burfoot | 2008 |
| Patti Catalano Dillon | 2006 |
| Ted Corbitt | 1998 |
| Glenn Cunningham$^†$ | 2012 |
| Mary Decker | 2003 |
| Bill Dellinger | 2001 |
| Clarence DeMar$^†$ | 2000 |
| Tom Fleming | 2014 |
| Miki Gorman | 2010 |
| Jacqueline Hansen | 2012 |
| Johnny Hayes$^†$ | 2008 |
| Lynn Jennings | 2001 |
| Don Kardong | 2005 |
| Johnny Kelley | 1999 |
| John J. Kelley | 2002 |
| Nina Kuscsik | 1999 |
| Francie Larrieu-Smith | 1999 |
| Fred Lebow$^†$ | 2001 |
| Gerry Lindgren | 2006 |
| Marty Liquori | 2006 |
| Kim Merritt | 2014 |
| Greg Meyer | 2005 |
| Billy Mills | 1999 |
| Steve Prefontaine$^†$ | 2000 |
| Bill Rodgers | 1998 |
| H. Browning Ross$^†$ | 2002 |
| Jim Ryun | 2003 |
| Alberto Salazar | 2000 |
| Bob Schul | 2005 |
| Frank Shorter | 1998 |
| Kathrine Switzer | 1998 |
| Craig Virgin | 2001 |
| Grete Waitz | 2000 |
| Fred Wilt$^†$ | 2010 |
| Priscilla Welch | 2008 |
| George Young | 2003 |
# National Distribution Union

The National Distribution Union (NDU) was a national trade union in New Zealand. It was formed in 1986 as the Northern Distribution Union by the merger of The Northern Drivers Union, The Northern Stores and Warehouse Union, The Auckland and Gisborne Shop Employee Union, and The Northern Butchers and Grocers Union. A further merging of seven South Island unions led to the renaming to the National Distribution Union, the union's final name before its 2011 amalgamation into First Union New Zealand.
The NDU has a notable history as a militant union, thanks to its industrial strategy of strike action and longtime leader Bill (Gordon Harold) Andersen.
The NDU had a membership of more than 20,000 and was affiliated with the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions. It was also affiliated to various international federations through its four sectors; Retail & Entertainment, Transport Energy Stores, Textile Clothing Baking and the Wood Sector.
The union was involved, along with the EPMU, in the high-profile 2006 Progressive Enterprises dispute, where union members were locked out after strike action.
The NDU amalgamated with Finsec to create a new union called First Union New Zealand in 2011.
# Henry Ashby

Henry Ashby may refer to:
* Henry Ashby (paediatrician) (1846–1908) in England
* Henry Marshall Ashby (1836–1868), Confederate States Army colonel
* Henry Ashby (footballer) (1875–1926), English football full back
# Dorcadion rosinae

Dorcadion rosinae is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Daniel in 1900.
# Doug Morton (artist)

Douglas Morton RCA L.L. D. (26 November 1926 – 4 January 2004) was a Canadian artist and member of the Regina Five, having also participated in the Emma Lake workshops.

## Career

Morton was born in Winnipeg and after a short stint in the Canadian Army went to the Winnipeg School of Art (1946); the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (1947–1948), the Académie Julian; École des Beaux-Arts; Studio André Lhote, Paris (1949), the Camberwell School of Art and Studio of Martin Bloch in London, England (1950–1951); and also with the Emma Lake Artists' Workshops (1957–1965) with artists and critics such as Will Barnett (1967), Barnett Newman (1959), John Ferren (1960), Herman Cherry (1961), Clement Greenberg (1962), Kenneth Noland (1963), and Lawrence Alloway (1985).
After working as a commercial artist in 1946, Morton became curator of the Calgary Allied Arts Centre (1951–1953), then was vice-president and manager of MacKay-Morton Ltd in Regina (1954–1967), his family business, an industrial pipe distributor.
In 1961, his work was included in a National Gallery of Canada exhibition entitled Five Painters from Regina. The group became known as the Regina Five.
In 1967, he was invited to join the University of Saskatchewan, Regina Campus as director of Visual Arts and Associate Professor of Art. From 1968 to 1980, he taught at York University, Toronto (1968–1980) where he served as Associate Dean. Afterwards, Morton became Dean of the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Victoria until 1985 when he retired from administration as "professor emeritus" but from 1985 to 1987, he went on to serve as president at the Alberta College of Art.
A retrospective of Morton's work was organized by the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria in 1994. His fonds is in the University of Regina Library Archives and Special Collections.

## Work

Morton uses biomorphic shapes in his paintings. His colleague, Ron Bloore, said of his work:
   Morton's bold imagery is difficult to place within a Canadian visual art milieu because his roots seem to be in the apparently contradictory sources of pre-war French Purism and German Expressionism...Morton's vision is non-representational. It is also monumental and powerful; these are not characteristics normally associated with art of his generation in Canada.
   He's one of the most erotic, sensuous and underestimated painters in the country. I suspect that may be one of the reasons why people don't want to confront him.

## Honours and memberships

* Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Regina with the other members of the Regina Five (2001)
* Member, Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

## Selected public collections

* MacKenzie Art Gallery, Regina
* Mendel Art Gallery (Remai Modern), Saskatoon
* National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
* Saskatchewan Arts Board
* Art Gallery of Greater Victoria
# Brown Pike

Brown Pike is a fell located in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England. Brown Pike is near the village of Coniston, and is most commonly approached from there with walkers often continuing onto Buck Pike, Dow Crag and the Old Man of Coniston. There are two main ways to summit, the first being via a path on the south-western side of the mountain marked on Ordnance Survey maps. The second route involves a narrow path along the south slope of the mountain; this route involves some scrambling.
* This Cumbria location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Brown Peak

Brown Peak (or Brown Peaks) may refer to:
* Brown Peak (Sturge Island), the highest point of the Balleny Islands in Antarctica
* Brown Peaks, a series of low peaks surmounting the Amundsen Glacier in Antarctica
* Rudmose Brown Peak, a peak southwest of Mount Hurley in Antarctica
# Brown Point

Brown Point (also known as Point Brown) is a headland located in the Australian state of South Australia on the west coast of Yorke Peninsula overlooking Hardwicke Bay about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of Minlaton. Since 1999, it has been located within the gazetted locality of Bluff Beach.

## Davits

Brown Point with its boat winching system is unique, and is a proven tourist attraction. Photographs of these "Davits" are exhibited nationally in tourist and travel agencies and also on souvenirs and post cards. The manual winching method for raising and lowering boats from cliff to water with the aid of stable uprights, cables and supports, was introduced by George Parsons and Fred Schwarz in the 1920s and it has proved to be a very assured and convenient way of safe guarding a craft in bad weather over the years. Today the fibreglass boat has replaced the clinker or wooden boat on account of easy maintenance etc. and trailers have replaced the winching system.
# Van Camp accounting

Van Camp accounting is one of the two methods California community property law uses to deal with community funds and/or labor used to enhance the value of separate property. The method is named after a 1921 divorce case, Van Camp v. Van Camp.
To calculate, courts will value the manager's services at a market rate and subtract community expenses from that amount. The result is considered community property. The effect of this is that the net income earned by the owner of the separate property results in the manner in which income is treated under California law, which is community property. This method is preferred when the character of the business is the reason for its income. In the case where the management is the main cause for growth and production, Pereira accounting should be used.
Van Camp is used when the appreciation of the business is due to the nature of the economy or the type of business. In that case, the community property is awarded what that spouse might have been paid as an employee for similar work. The remainder is the worker's separate property.
If capital (rather than spousal or community labor) is the chief factor contributing to a large gain in the value of the business and if labor by the spouse not holding title to the business was compensated fairly during the marriage, the Van Camp method will allocate most of the appreciation in value to the titleholder as separate property.
Van Camp accounting can be applied when the increased value is due to the unique nature of the SP (Separate Property) asset, such as market timing, a world class management team, or a large number of contributing employees. In this case: Fair salary for community labor x years of marriage – salary already received – amounts already paid to community expenses = CP (Community Property); the rest is SP.

## Choosing the correct apportionment or accounting method

Van Camp accounting is typically chosen when the business itself or economic factors produced the profits (typically larger and generally more capital-intensive businesses).
Pereira accounting is typically chosen when the business was spousal labor-intensive (typically smaller and/or labor-intensive businesses).
# Willem van Veldhuizen

Willem van Veldhuizen (born January 13, 1954, in Rotterdam, Netherlands) is a Dutch painter, known for his photorealism and hyperrealism paintings of his museum interiors.

## Life and work

Willem van Veldhuizen was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and took his studies at the Willem de Kooning Academy from 1972 to 1977 together with artists like Frank Dam, Jos Looise, and Anton Vrede [nl]. His work is influenced by classical masters like the 17th century Dutch painter of church interiors Pieter Jansz Saenredam, with whom he shares a preference for sacred rooms, tranquility and colors in harmonizing tones, and by classic-modern masters like Mark Rothko.
The composition of his paintings are composed according to an established pattern: "The upper, narrow part of the canvas shows the back wall or a glass wall through which a garden is visible. A large floor area holds a prominent place. The reality of the building or the world outside is reflected in the floors" The floor area is builds up the according to a special technique: "After the undercoat has been applied and the shadows have been put in, he 'splats' the paint against the canvas: color over color, layer on top of layer - making subtle distinctions in light and dark against the back wall".
In the paintings of his museum interiors, Van Veldhuizen quotes his favorites in art, among others Michelangelo, Picasso, Man Ray, Barnett Newman, Gerrit Rietveld and Le Corbusier.

## Publications

* Willem van Veldhuizen (1991). Willem van Veldhuizen: tekeningen & schilderijen. ISBN 90-900457-5-9
* Willem van Veldhuizen & Loek Brons (2001). Willem van Veldhuizen, 1991-2001: tien jaar bij drs. Loek Brons., Van Spijk Art Projects, 2001. ISBN 90-6216-726-8
* Willem van Veldhuizen (2002). Les filles d'atelier. W. Pijbes (inl.) Kunsthal, 2002. ISBN 90-400-8682-6
# Henry Haslam

Henry Cobden Haslam (4 October 1870 – 7 February 1948) was a British medical researcher and Conservative Party politician.
The son of Henry Haslam, a "member" or insurance underwriter of Lloyd's of London, he was born in the north London suburb of Hampstead. He was educated at Dover College and in 1889 was admitted to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He took second class in the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1892, and continued his medical training at St Thomas' Hospital in London. He was admitted to the membership of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1896 and received a Bch Cantab degree in 1897.
In 1901 he left St Thomas', having been elected to a scholarship at the Department of Pathology at Cambridge University. He conducted research and published a number of papers in scientific journals. He received a DSc from the university in 1914. He married Julie Henriette Dupont, daughter of Edward Dupont, director of the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle in Brussels, and they had two children.
Haslam subsequently abandoned his medical career, becoming an underwriter at Lloyd's like his father. He also entered politics, and at the 1924 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for the safe Conservative seat of Horncastle in Lincolnshire. He held the seat until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1945 general election.
He died at his Cambridge home in June 1948 aged 77, and was buried in Horncastle.
# Nasrollah Jahangard

Nasrollah Jahangard (born 1958) is an Iranian politician and former deputy minister of ICT in Technology and Innovation.
In October 2000, Jahangard was nominated for Minister of Post, Telegraph and Telephone but legislators turned him down.
Back in 1997, he had been the Deputy Minister of Post, Telegraph & Telephone (PTT) for Development & Planning, which the ministry later renamed to Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Also, He was the secretary of the Supreme Council of ICT of Iran and President Mohammad Khatami's advisor and special envoy for ICT affairs. He is a founding member of the Islamic Iran Participation Front and is a member of its political office.
He led the team for planning and implementing Takfa (similar to a "national ICT agenda" in some other countries), the first Iranian comprehensive countrywide plan for ICT.
He received his bachelor's degree in computer engineering from Shahid Beheshti University and from Amirkabir University of Technology; he earned his master's degree in system engineering.
Jahangard was among the leaders of the National Commission of Information Society and helped the Iranian delegation to take part in World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) (Geneva 2003 and Tunis 2005).
He was elected the Man of IT in Iran in March 2005 by CCW Magazine.
vteCabinet of President Mohammad Khatami (1997–2005) :
* Acting **Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Jihad of Construction merged, forming Ministry of Jihad of Agriculture ***Ministry of Industries and Ministry of Mines and Metals merged, forming Ministry of Industries and Mines ****established in 2004 :
# Doug Applegate

Doug Applegate may refer to:
* Douglas Applegate (1928–2021), American politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio
* Doug Applegate (California politician), retired Marine from San Diego County who ran for Congress
# Doug Ardito

Douglas John Ardito (born March 10, 1971) is an American musician who was a member and played guitar as well as bass guitar for the band Puddle of Mudd. He is a Fender Musical Instruments endorsed artist.

## Career

Ardito co-wrote Puddle of Mudd's biggest single, "Blurry". Guitar One Magazine voted Ardito's harmonic guitar part in "Blurry" as one of the "Top Ten Riffs of the Decade". The song reached the No. 1 spot on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts for ten and nine weeks. This soon propelled the single to mainstream success, reaching the No. 5 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart. Ardito along with the other two authors of the song won ASCAP's Song of the Year and Pop Song of the Year. "Blurry" also won two Billboard awards in 2002, for "modern rock track of the year" and "rock track of the year". It also won the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. Blurry reached No. 8 in the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's highest charting single in the United Kingdom.
# Znamenka

Znamenka may refer to:
* Znamenka Street, a street in Moscow near the Kremlin
* Znamenka (residence), a residence of the Nikolaevichi branch of the Romanov family, in Saint Petersburg, Russia; see Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia
* Znamenka, Russia (or Znamyonka), several inhabited localities in Russia
* Znamianka, Kirovohrad Oblast (Znamenka), a city in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine
# Shilpa Narayan

Shilpa Narayan is a pop/R&B singer-songwriter based in New York City. She made her debut in 2012 and released her first album Stand Alone with the self-titled single Stand Alone and Change Your Mind. Shilpa has worked with prominent hip-hop artists such as Waka Flocka, Wale and Culture Shock and has performed at New York Fashion Week 2010.

## Early life

Shilpa was born in Raleigh, North Carolina and lived in Atlanta, Georgia for a while. Her mother is a journalist and her father is an engineer. She studied business and marketing at Georgia Tech. She began posting videos of herself singing on YouTube with her views exceeding well past over 500,000. After moving to New York City, Shilpa continued to post videos on YouTube. She competed and won an open mic contest at Don Hills, which helped her in gaining a small management deal who then introduced her to various producers and musicians in NYC.

## Career

Shilpa started off her career by releasing her debut album Stand Alone in 2012. The album depicts her personal struggle with romantic relationships as well as the inner turmoil of identifying her true self. She then in 2013 collaborated with MySpace to release her debut single Renegade which was an instant international hit that resonated with global audiences for its electro/tribal dance beat.
In 2015, Shilpa partnered with Yahoo! Music to release her second album Through Haze which included Baby Go Home and Pinch Me.
Shilpa has been a featured performed on various music channels and portals including MTV, VH1, BBC Radio, Yahoo! Music, MTV Indies, AOL Music, Vibe Magazine, Okayplayer, RyanSeacrest.com, Channel One News, ArtistDirect and Carson Daly's The Voice. She has performed all around US including Indian Film Festival in New York City, in 2016, and at Diwali Times Square in 2013 and 2016. Recently, she performed in Canada and China.

## Discography

* Stand Alone (2012)
* Renegade (2013)
* Through Haze (2015)
# Michael Paton (disambiguation)

Michael Paton (born 1989) is a Scottish footballer (Aberdeen FC, Brechin City FC, Stockport County FC and Queen of the South FC)
Michael Paton may also refer to:
* Michael Paton (Dumbarton footballer) (fl. 1883–1886), Scottish footballer (Dumbarton FC and Scotland)
* Michael Paton (priest) (1922–2016), Anglican priest (Archdeacon of Sheffield)
# Canton of Gonfreville-l'Orcher

The Canton of Gonfreville-l'Orcher is a former canton situated in the Seine-Maritime département and in the Haute-Normandie region of northern France. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had a total of 20,031 inhabitants (2012).

## Geography

An area of light industry, oil refineries and some farming, in the arrondissement of Le Havre, centred on the town of Gonfreville-l'Orcher. The altitude varies from 0m (Gonfreville-l'Orcher) to 107m (Gainneville) for an average altitude of 79m.
The canton comprised 3 communes:
* Gainneville
* Gonfreville-l'Orcher
* Harfleur

## Population

Historical population of Canton of Gonfreville-l'Orcher (Source: INSEE) :
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
| Population | 18282 | 19578 | 21429 | 21637 | 21601 | 20825 |
| From the year 1962 on: No double counting—residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) are counted only once. |||||||
# Chenzhou Olympic Sports Centre

The Chenzhou Olympic Sports Centre (Chinese: 郴州奥林匹克体育中心) is a sports complex in Chenzhou, Hunan, China. The centre comprises a 30,000-seat multi-purpose stadium named Chenzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium, a 5,000-seat indoor stadium, as well as facilities for basketball, volleyball, badminton, table tennis, tennis, weightlifting, wushu, and other sports. The center is near Xiangnan University. It cost CN¥600 million to build.
# Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople

Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople may refer to:
* Sergius II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 1001–1019
* Sergius I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch in 610–638
# Paul Foley

Paul Foley may refer to:
* Paul Foley (ironmaster) (1644/5–1699), English ironmaster who also served as speaker of the British House of Commons
* Paul Foley (politician) (1688–1739), English politician, second son of the ironmaster
* Paul Foley of Prestwood (died 1739), eldest son of Philip Foley
* Paul Foley (cricketer) (1857–1928), English cricketer, cricket administrator and barrister
* Paul Foley (admiral) (1909–1990), rear admiral in the United States Navy
* Paul Foley (executive) (1914–1983), American CEO of Interpublic Group of Companies
* Paul Foley (golfer) (born 1959), Australian golfer
* Paul "Eagle Eye" Foley, a playable character in the Conflict series