OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Paw

A paw is the soft foot-like part of a mammal, generally a quadruped, that has claws.

## Common characteristics

The paw is characterised by thin, pigmented, keratinised, hairless epidermis covering subcutaneous collagenous and adipose tissue, which make up the pads. These pads act as a cushion for the load-bearing limbs of the animal. The paw consists of the large, heart-shaped metacarpal or palmar pad (forelimb) or metatarsal or plantar pad (rear limb), and generally four load-bearing digital pads, although there can be five or six toes in the case of domestic cats and bears (including giant panda). A carpal pad is also found on the forelimb which is used for additional traction when stopping or descending a slope in digitigrade species. Additional dewclaws can also be present.
The paw also includes a horn-like, beak shaped claw on each digit. Though usually hairless, certain animals do have fur on the soles of their paws. An example is the red panda, whose furry soles help insulate them in their snowy habitat.

## Animals with paws

* Felids, such as cats and tigers; some of these animals may have toe tufts
* Canids, such as dogs and foxes
* Rabbits and other lagomorphs have paws with very sharp nails and have no pads underneath them
* Bears and raccoons
* Weasels and other mustelids
* Rodents

## Gallery

* An American brown bear's paws.
* A polar bear's paws.
* A dog's paw resting on a hard concrete surface
* Structures of the leg and paw of a dog.
* A wolf's paws
* A tiger's paw, showing pads
* A cat's paw, showing pads.
* Structures of the paw of a cat.
* A rabbit's foot.
* The hind paws of a Japanese hare.
* A red panda's paw, showing the absence of paw pads.
* The paw of a yellow-throated marten.
* The forepaw of a European badger.
* Front paw of European hamster
# AMC-18

AMC-18 is a geostationary Lockheed Martin A2100A communications satellite owned by SES Americom. It was launched on 8 December 2006 from Centre Spatial Guyanais aboard an Ariane 5 ECA launch vehicle and is situated at 83° West longitude, providing coverage of North America with twenty-four C-band transponders of 12–18 watts each. Future users in May 2007 include The CW Television Network, NASA TV and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, among other services.
AMC-18 is used by thousands of terrestrial radio stations for network feeds using ground equipment from Starguide, X-Digital Systems, Wegener and International Datacasting. Major tenants are Cumulus Media Networks Satellite Services (which includes Citadel Media, Westwood One Networks, Talk Radio Network, WOR Radio Network and others), Skyview Networks (which includes ABC News, ABC Radio, California News Network, Arizona News Network, numerous Professional and Collegian Sports networks, and others), Orbital Media Networks (which includes United Stations Radio Networks, John Tesh, and others), Premiere Radio Networks, Dial Global, Westwood One, Learfield Communications, The Free Beer and Hot Wings Show, etc.
The spacecraft can deliver and receive signals from 50 states of United States, the Caribbean and Mexico and has been designated as the third HD-PRIME satellite. Originally built as a ground spare to the AMC-10 and AMC-11 satellite program, AMC-18 is optimized for digital television distribution from the center of the U.S. orbital arc. The satellite has an expected lifetime of at least 15 years.

## Transponder details

C-band payload: 24 × 36 MHz :
| Amp type | SSPA, 20 watts |
| Amp Redundancy: | 16 for 12 |
| Receiver redundancy: | 4 for 2 |
| Coverage: | Canada, United States, Mexico, Caribbean |
# Henricus rubrograptus

Henricus rubrograptus is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Jalisco, Mexico.
# National Fossil Day

National Fossil Day was established in the United States by the National Park Service in 2010 as a celebration and partnership to promote the scientific and educational values of fossils. The first annual National Fossil Day was hosted on October 13, 2010, as a fossil-focused day during Earth Science Week. The National Park Service, the American Geosciences Institute, and more than 385 partners, including museums, institutions, science and teacher organizations, agencies, fossil sites, amateur fossil groups and other entities, joined in a partnership to educate the public about fossils, the science of paleontology and America's Paleontological Heritage. There are National Fossil Day partners in all 50 states providing opportunities for educational outreach and hosting hundreds of fossil-themed activities at the local level.
National Park Service senior paleontologist Vincent L. Santucci is considered the "Father of National Fossil Day" and first proposed the concept of National Fossil Day in 2009 as a nationwide celebration for fossils in the United States. Santucci reached out to Geoff Camphire and Ann Benbow at the American Geosciences Institute (AGI) seeking support to establish National Fossil Day as a dedicated day during Earth Science Week. Once the idea of National Fossil Day was approved, dozens of organizations and museums joined this partnership including the Geological Society of America, Paleontological Society, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Smithsonian, and American Museum of Natural History. The National Fossil Day Celebration on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was the kickoff event hosted on October 13, 2010. The event captured widespread media and public attention throughout the U.S.
The second National Fossil Day 2011 was observed on October 12, 2011, with events at museums, parks, universities, and non-profit organizations. National Fossil Day 2012 was celebrated on October 17, 2012, with an opening event held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Similar events have been held annually. An annual National Fossil Day Art Contest is hosted by the National Park Service and the National Fossil Day Partnership. The theme for the year is announced in the Spring and people of all ages are invited to submit fossil-inspired, original artwork.
# William Belmont Parker

William Belmont Parker (born Hasbury, England, 19 September 1871; died 1934) was a United States editor.

## Biography

He came to the United States in early youth, graduated from Harvard in 1897, and in 1898-1902 was assistant editor of the Atlantic Monthly. He was literary adviser to Houghton, Mifflin and Company, New York City, in 1902-04; instructor in English at Harvard in 1904-05 and lecturer in that subject at Columbia in 1905-08.
He was advisory editor of the Associated Sunday Magazines in 1906-08, and literary editor of The World's Work in 1908. He was editor and literary adviser to the Baker and Taylor Company in 1909-12, and literary adviser to the Century Company in 1912. He was business manager of the Churchman in 1912-14. Beginning in 1914, he was an editor with S. Pearson and Son.

## Works

He edited:
* James Russell Lowell's Anti-Slavery Papers (1903)
* Philip Sidney's Certaine Sonets (1904)
* Complete Poems of Edward Rowland Sill (1906)
* The Wisdom of Emerson (1909)
* Letters and Addresses of Thomas Jefferson, joint editor (1905)
He wrote:
* Life of Edward Rowland Sill (1915)
* Argentines of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
* Bolivians of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
* Chileans of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
* Cubans of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
* Paraguayans of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
* Uruguayans of to-day (1921, The Hispanic Society of America)
# Henry Lopes

Henry Lopes may refer to:
* Henry Lopes, 1st Baron Roborough (1859–1938)
* Henry Lopes, 1st Baron Ludlow (1828–1899)
* Henry Lopes, 2nd Baron Ludlow (1865–1922)
# Dornase alfa

Dornase alfa, sold under the brand name Pulmozyme, is used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. It is a recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase), an enzyme which selectively cleaves DNA. Dornase alfa hydrolyzes the DNA present in sputum/mucus and reduces viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions. It is produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

## Medical uses

Dornase alfa is indicated for the management of people with cystic fibrosis to improve pulmonary function.

## Society and culture
### Legal status

Dornase alfa is an orphan drug.

## Research

Dornase alfa has been shown to improve lung function in non-cystic fibrosis pre-term infants atelectasis.
# Douglas v. U.S. District Court ex rel Talk America

Douglas v. U.S. Dist. Court ex rel Talk America, 495 F.3d 1062 (2007), is a U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals case that examines whether a service provider may change the terms of its service contract by merely posting a revised contract on its website, without informing the other party of the changes.

## Facts

Joe Douglas contracted for long-distance telephone service with America Online. Talk America subsequently acquired this business from AOL and continued to provide telephone service to AOL's former customers. Talk America then added four provisions to the service contract: (1) additional service charges; (2) a class action waiver; (3) an arbitration clause; and (4) a choice-of-law provision pointing to New York law. Talk America posted the revised contract on its website but, according to Douglas, it never notified him that the contract had changed. Unaware of the new terms, Douglas continued using Talk America's services for four years.
After becoming aware of the additional charges, Douglas filed a class action lawsuit in district court, charging Talk America with violations of the Federal Communications Act, breach of contract and violations of various California consumer protection statutes. Talk America moved to compel arbitration based on the modified contract and the district court granted the motion. Because the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 16, does not authorize interlocutory appeals of a district court order compelling arbitration, Douglas petitioned for a writ of mandamus.

## Judgment

The trial court, the Central District of California, granted defendant's motion to compel arbitration. The court also found that the additional clauses in the revised contract were enforceable as a matter of law. Douglas petitioned for writ of mandamus.
The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals granted the Plaintiff's petition for writ of mandamus. On review, the court determined that Plaintiff was not bound by the terms of the revised contract. The court reasoned that the new contract terms constituted an offer and were not binding unless properly accepted. The Plaintiff did not accept the offer because "an offeree cannot assent to an offer unless he knows of its existence."

## Significance

The ruling examines whether a service provider may change the terms of its service contract by merely posting a revised contract on its website.
# Vasundhara Tewari Broota

Vasundhara Tewari Broota (born 1955) is an Indian painter who does figurative paintings based on the perception of a woman and the psycho-political existence of the female body, traditional landscapes, still life with exquisite meaning. She worked on a cultural scholarship awarded by the Department of Culture, Government of India during 1982-84. She, Jatin Das and other 298 artists had donated art work for 2018 Kerala floods through an exhibition cum sale held in The National Gallery of Modern Art.

## Early life

Tewari was born in Kolkata in 1955 and moved to New Delhi when she was fifteen. She graduated in literature from the University of Delhi and studied art at Triveni Kala Sangam, New Delhi. At Triveni Kala Sangam, she trained under painter and artist Rameshwar Broota who is also her husband.

## Exhibitions and work

* First solo show in Shridharani Gallery, Delhi, 1980.
* Group exhibition with other 20 artists organized by Raza foundation in memory of painter S. H. Raza and to celebrate his 97th birth anniversary, February 2019
* Individual Palettes, Group Exhibition, March 2019
* Woman Speak/Child Song, January 2007

## Awards

Tewari has won multiple awards including a silver medal at 1st International Biennale Algiers, Sanskriti Award, annual awards at All India Fine Arts and Crafts society, Sahitya Kala Parishad and B. C. Sanyal award.

## Reception

Navneet Mendiratta at Business Standard remarked about her work, "Tewari is one of the few artists who likes to explore the potential of figurative painting, particularly the psycho-political existence of the female body. What makes her work stand out is the inherent feminism that translates into women empowerment."

## Personal life

Tewari married Indian painter Rameshwar Broota in 1995 and lives and works in New Delhi.
# Dove Bar

Dove Bar is an American ice cream bar, created by Leo Stefanos at Dove Candies & Ice Cream on 60th Street and Pulaski Avenue in Chicago in 1956 and introduced nationally in 1984. The brand, including Dove chocolate as well as the ice cream, was bought by Mars Inc. in 1986, and the Dove Bar today is made by Mars.
The bars are most commonly vanilla ice cream coated in milk or dark chocolate, but many other varieties are available, including chocolate ice cream, fruit sorbet, and coatings with nuts. The ice cream bars are sold either individually or in three-packs.
Dove ice cream is also sold in pints and "Minis". The pints have a layer of chocolate ganache on the top, containing an impression of the Dove logo.
U.S. production takes place in Burr Ridge, Illinois.
# Brusaporto

Brusaporto (Bergamasque: Brüsa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,524 and an area of 5.0 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi).
Brusaporto borders the following municipalities: Albano Sant'Alessandro, Bagnatica, Seriate.
# Bruce M. Mitchell

Bruce M. Mitchell (November 16, 1883 – September 26, 1952) was an American film director and writer active during the silent film era from 1914 to 1934. With the advent of sound films in the 1930s, Mitchell abandoned directing and became an actor, appearing mainly in bit roles.

## Filmography

Mitchell directed numerous silent short films between 1915 and 1934. The following is a list of his feature films.
* Captivating Mary Carstairs (1915)
* The Tale of the Night Before (1915)
* The Stranger of the Hills (1922)
* Love's Whirlpool (1924)
* The Hellion (1924)
* Another Man's Wife (1924)
* Dynamite Dan (1924)
* The Air Hawk (1924)
* The Cloud Rider (1925)
* Savages of the Sea (1925)
* Speed Madness (1925)
* Tricks (1925)
* Flyin' Thru (1925)
* Wolf Blood (1925)
* The Hollywood Reporter (1926)
* Three Pals (1926)
* Cupid's Knockout (1926)
* Three Miles Up (1927)
* The Air Patrol (1928)
* The Phantom Flyer (1928)
* Won in the Clouds (1928)
* The Speed Classic (1928)
* The Cloud Dodger (1928)
* The Last Lap (1928)
* The Sky Skidder (1929)
* Below the Border (1929)
* The Lonesome Trail (1930)
* Sheer Luck (1931)
* Trapped (1931)
* 45 Calibre Echo (1932)
* The Rawhide Terror (1934)
* Half Angel (1936)
* Shakedown (1936)
# Henry Taylor (carpenter)

Henry Taylor (c. 1823–1891) born enslaved in the United States. He was a carpenter and citizen in Wilmington, North Carolina during the mid and late 19th century. He was born in Cumberland County near Fayetteville, the son of his white owner, Angus Taylor, and an enslaved woman Maisley who belonged to Angus as well. It is thought that Angus possibly had Henry trained as a carpenter to make sure that he would be able to support himself. Henry later moved to Wilmington where he became a carpenter-builder, and established a mercantile business along with a white ship owner.
He was described by Booker T. Washington in The Story of the Negro as "the son of a white man who was at the same time his master. Although he was nominally enslaved, he was early given liberty to do about as he pleased." Taylor was a successful carpenter–builder and businessman before the Civil War as well as after. He ran a grocery store following emancipation along with continuing with carpentry. Some projects of his included the Hemenway School and the first black Masonic lodge in Wilmington, Giblem Masonic Lodge. He was also a founding member of the Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church and was also active in local politics including the Executive Board of the Colored Union League.
Henry Taylor helped with creating many projects, but he is most known for his construction on the Bellamy project. He helped construct the Bellamy Mansion from 1859 to 1861. The Bellamy Mansion, well known to be built by black artisans, was carefully designed by James F. Post and his assistant Rufus Bunnell. Taylor's part in constructing it was very respected through his family, and was carried down through memories. In 1999, his granddaughter, Gladys Whiteman Baskerville, along with her extended family, held her 100th birthday celebration at the Bellamy Mansion.
Taylor married Emily Still, a native of Fayetteville, and the couple had four children whom they raised in Wilmington. It has also been noted that Taylor built his family's home, The Henry and Emily Taylor House, at 112 North 8th Street. Their four children were John Edward, Anna Maria (Shober), Sarah Louise (Whiteman), and Robert Robinson. Their son Robert is well known as the first black graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, as well as the first accredited black architect in the United States. The other siblings were also successful; John Edward Taylor became a successful businessman and was also the first black man appointed to Deputy Collector of Customs in Wilmington, Anna Maria and Sarah Louise Taylor were Howard University graduates. Taylor died in 1891.
Taylor's great-great-granddaughter, Valerie Jarrett, was senior advisor to the 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama.
# Henson, Colorado

Henson is a ghost town in Hinsdale County, Colorado, United States. Its elevation is 9,236 feet (2,815 m). Henson's name has historically been spelled several different ways, including Hansen, Hanson, Hensen, and Honsen; the Board on Geographic Names officially supported the current spelling in 1896. Henson was named for Henson Creek, which was named for a pioneer settler. The Henson post office operated from May 17, 1883, until November 30, 1913.
Henson is the site of the Ute-Ulay Mine, now abandoned.

## Climate

Climate type is dominated by the winter season, a long, bitterly cold period with short, clear days, relatively little precipitation mostly in the form of snow, and low humidity. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Dfc" (Continental Subarctic Climate).
Climate data for Henson, Colorado :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.1 (33.9) | 3.2 (37.8) | 7.1 (44.7) | 11.8 (53.3) | 17.0 (62.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 23.4 (74.2) | 20.4 (68.8) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 1.2 (34.2) | 12.9 (55.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.6 (−1.4) | −16.1 (3.1) | −10.4 (13.3) | −5.2 (22.7) | −0.4 (31.2) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.1 (44.7) | 6.3 (43.4) | 2.1 (35.8) | −3.6 (25.6) | −10.3 (13.4) | −17.1 (1.3) | −5.2 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20 (0.8) | 20 (0.8) | 25 (1) | 28 (1.1) | 25 (1) | 20 (0.8) | 51 (2) | 56 (2.2) | 36 (1.4) | 33 (1.3) | 25 (1) | 25 (1) | 360 (14.2) |
| Source: Weatherbase ||||||||||||||
# Henson

Henson may refer to:

## Places
### United States

* Henson, Colorado, a ghost town
* Henson, Missouri, an unincorporated community
* Henson Creek, Colorado
* Henson Branch, Missouri, a stream

### Antarctica

* Mount Henson, Ross Dependency

## Other

* Henson (name), a given name and a surname, including a list of people with the name
* USNS Henson, an American oceanographic survey ship
* Henson School of Science and Technology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
* Henson Hall, an athletic facility at Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana
* Henson Aviation, original name of Piedmont Airlines
# Çiğdem Toker

Çiğdem Toker (born 1965) is a Turkish investigative journalist. Her career as an economic reporter has notably included investigations of abuse of government contracts.

## Biography

Çiğdem Toker was born in 1965 in Diyarbakır, Turkey. After graduating from Ankara University, Law School, she became an investigative journalist.
Toker began her career in 1986, working for the culture section of the Anka News Agency. She then worked on dubbing films for the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. After stints at the publications Günaydın and Nokta, she passed the exam to work at Anadolu Agency in 1988. She spent two years at Anadolu, covering the State Security Court and the Court of Cassation, the country's supreme court.
She then transitioned to covering economics, first for the weekly magazine Ekonomik Panorama from 1990 to 1993. Then for 15 years, from 1993 to 2008, she wrote on economics for the newspaper Hürriyet. Her tenure at the newspaper included covering the 2001 Turkish economic crisis.
On the foundation of the new newspaper Habertürk in 2009, Toker was hired as the publication's first Ankara bureau chief. However, she left shortly thereafter to serve as Ankara bureau chief at the newspaper Akşam. When the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund of Turkey took over the newspaper in 2013, Toker resigned from her role there.
From 2013 to 2018, she was a columnist for the newspaper Cumhuriyet, described as a "star investigative reporter" for the paper. In 2017, she wrote a series of articles revealing how the Turkish government removed regulations in order to give contracts for prison construction to companies close to the government. She resigned from the publication after a change in management.
Toker then wrote for the opposition newspaper Sözcü until 2022. She now reports for the online publication T24, which she had previously contributed to beginning in 2009. Among several court cases she has faced throughout her journalistic career, she was accused of defamation and sued for 80,000 Turkish lira for her 2019 reporting in Sözcü on foundations linked to the government and family of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. She had previously faced a 3 million lira fine for reporting on public sector contracts for Cumhuriyet. Toker has been sued by not only the government but also hospitals, agricultural firms, and mining companies.
In 2015, she was shortlisted for the European Press Prize for her work on uncovering mysterious expenditures under then-Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu. In 2023, she was given the Turkish Journalists' Association's Press Freedom Award.
She has written or contributed to several books, including Abdüllatif Şener: Adım da Benimle Beraber Büyüdü (2008), a long interview with the politician Abdüllatif Şener; Türkiye'de Sağlıkta Kamu Özel Ortaklığı - Şehir Hastaneleri, compiled by Kayıhan Pala (2018); and the 2019 work Kamu ihalelerinde olağan işler, which builds on her reporting on government contracts.
# Masopust

Masopust (feminine Masopustová) is a Czech surname (meaning carnival), it may refer to:
* Masopust, the Slavic carnival
* Josef Masopust (1931–2015), Czech footballer
* Karel Masopust (1942–2019), Czech ice hockey player
* Lukáš Masopust (born 1993), Czech footballer
* Miloslav Masopust, Czech general
# Tràm Chim

Tràm Chim is a township (thị trấn) and capital of Tam Nông District, Đồng Tháp Province, Vietnam.
# Walter Zadek

Walter Zadek (26 March 1900 – 20 December 1992) was a German-born Israeli photographer.

## Selected artwork

* 1925 Photograph of the Mounting of the "Tel Aviv Municipality" Sign
* 1934 Girl with flag
* 1936 Woman on a swing, Palestine
* 1939 Immigrants aboard the Parita ship