OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# F. J. C. Hearnshaw

Fossey John Cobb (F. J. C.) Hearnshaw (31 July 1869 in Birmingham – 10 March 1946) was an English professor of history, specializing in medieval history. He was noted for his conservative interpretation of the past, showing an empire-oriented ideology in defence of hierarchical authority, paternalism, deference, the monarchy, Church, family, nation, status, and place. He was a Tory Democrat who sought to realize Disraeli's goal of preserving invaluable historic traditions while encouraging timely reforms. He believed that a meritocratic, small, effective elite should lead the weaker majority.
Educated at Walsall and Manchester Grammar Schools, he went on to the University of London (MA), Peterhouse, Cambridge, (Historical Scholar, MA and LL.M. 1900), and Trinity College, Dublin (LLD), Cambridge (LittD).

## Career

Hearnshaw was an external examiner in history at the University of London 1909-1913; Durham University 1912-1913; the Victoria University of Manchester 1914-1917; the University of Bristol 1921; the University of Wales 1930; professor of history at University College, Southampton, 1900-1910; professor of modern history at the Armstrong College of Durham University, 1910-1912; professor of medieval history at King's College London, 1912-1934; and Fellow of King's College London, 1926.
Hearnshaw also held the posts of honorary secretary of the Royal Historical Society, 1931-1934 and president of the Historical Association, 1936-1938.

## Publications

* England in the Making (1913)
* Freedom in Service: six essays on matters concerning Britain's safety and good government (1916)
* Democracy at the Crossways: a study in politics and history (1918) full text online
* Main Currents of European History, 1815-1915 (1918)
* Mediaeval Contributions to Modern Civilisation (1921)
* The Social and Political Ideas of some Great Mediaeval Thinkers (1923)
* The European Revolution and After, 1848-1854 (1923)
* The Development of Political Ideas (1927)
* A Survey of Socialism (1928)
* The “Ifs” of History (1929)
* The Centenary History of King's College London, 1828-1928 (G. G. Harrap & Co., London) (1929)
* Conservatism in England: an Analytical, Historical, and Political Survey (1933)
* Sea-power & Empire (1940)
* Germany the Aggressor Throughout the Ages (1940)
# Luchino Dal Verme

Luchino Dal Verme (c. 1320 – early 1367) was an Italian condottiero.

## Biography

He was a member of a noble family of Verona, and his father was a supporter of Cangrande I della Scala. In 1341 he defended Lucca first for Mastino I della Scala, then for the Republic of Florence. His friendship with poet Francesco Petrarca is documented for the first time in 1350, when he was likely at the service of the Visconti of Milan. In 1352 he fought in Tuscany for the Visconti.
In 1354 he had to flee from Verona due to his support to Fregnano della Scala's failed coup against Cangrande II della Scala. The same year he defended Bologna for Giovanni Visconti, and, the following year, he was governor in Genoa. After the split of the Visconti lands between Bernabò and Galeazzo II Visconti, Dal Verme sided for the former. In 1359 he commanded the siege of the rebel city of Pavia. Two years later, he sided for Galeazzo, who named him as captain-general of Piedmont, where Dal Verme fought against the Marquisate of Montferrat and the English troops that were routing the area at the time.
After advice from Petrarca, in 1364 he accepted from the Republic of Venice the task of suppressing the Revolt of Saint Titus, a rebellion that had broken out in Crete. On May 7, Dal Verme landed in the island with 800 horse and 2,000 infantry. His success there granted Dal Verme the title of Venetian noble. After this period, there are little sources about Dal Verme's life: for sure it is known, in particular from Petrarca's letters, that he was in the Holy Land. This may imply that he took part in the anti-Turkish expedition of Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy. His exact date of death is unknown, however he likely died early in 1367 in or near Constantinople.
His son Jacopo Dal Verme was also a condottiero.

## Sources

* Litta, Pompeo (1834). Famiglie celebri italiane. Dal Verme di Verona. Milan.
* Mallett, Michael E. (1986). "Luchino Dal Verme". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 32: Dall'Anconata–Da Ronco (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
# Pharmacis aemilianus

Pharmacis aemilianus is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Italy.
# Pharmacis castillanus

Pharmacis castillanus is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from Spain.
# Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy)

The Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan, against the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy (also spelt Bali), took place in October 630 AD, 9 AH of the Islamic Calendar.

## Banu Udhrah

The Banu Udhrah tribe were from present day Iraq, a nomadic Arabian tribe. In the eve of Islam (during the era when Islam began to rise in Arabia), the tribe is reported to have been practising Christianity but the Muslim historian Tarikh al-Yaqubi mentions that some members of the tribe also worshipped an Idol called al-Shams. The Muslim historian Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, wrote about the tribe in detail.
The main tribes were the Banu Judham, Udha and Bahra', all of whom became Christians. Whereas the tribes of the Arabian peninsula (Hijaz), such as the Bali, converted to what B.R. Pridham of the University of Exeter describes as "an Arab Monotheistic movement emanating from Yathrib" i.e. Islam.

## Expedition

Since the Military campaign led by Khalid ibn Walid in the area, some of the Banu Udrah had converted to Islam, however some members of the tribe were disaffected. Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan marched to area where the tribes of 'Udhrah and Baliy inhabited, and reached some land of theirs that was called Al-Jinab, and led a raid against them. No further details are known.
The event is also mentioned by the Muslim Scholar Ibn Sa'd in his book "Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir", as follows:
   THE SARIYYAH OF 'UKKASHAH IBN MIHSAN AL- ASADI AGAINST AL-JINAB THE TERRITORY OF THE ' UDHRAH AND THE BALLI
   Then (occurred) the sariyyah of 'Ukkasha Ibn Mihsan al-Asadi against al-Jinab, the territory of the 'Udhrah and Balli in the month of Rabi' al-Akhar of the ninth year, from the hijrah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him...
   [Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2, Pg 203]
It is mentioned by the Muslim historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri, that the Banu Udhrah was one of the first tribes of the Hijaz to pay Muhammad Sadaqah, having converted to Islam around the early periods of Muhammad, when Islam began to rise in Arabia. It is not known whether they converted after of before this expedition.
# FC Avanhard Zhydachiv

FC Avanhard Zhydachiv was an amateur Ukrainian football club from Zhydachiv, Lviv Oblast.

## League and cup history

    Season Div. Pos. Pl. W D L GS GA P Domestic Cup Europe Notes 1992–93 3rd "lower" 8 34 13 10 11 41 32 36 1993–94 3rd "lower" 10 34 12 9 13 38 44 33 1994–95 3rd "lower" 16 42 14 9 19 42 65 51 1995–96 3rd 11 40 18 8 14 44 44 62 withdrew
# Vaciseva Tavaga

Vaciseva Tavaga (born 16 November 1973) is a Fijian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
# Vacić

Vacić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Miša Vacić (born 1985), Serbian politician
* Nataša Mihailović Vacić (born 1972), Serbian journalist
# Petr Gandalovič

Petr Gandalovič (born 15 August 1964) is a Czech politician and one of the founding members of the Civic Democratic Party. He served as the Czech Ambassador to the United States from 2011 to 2017.

## Education

Gandalovič attended secondary school in Ústí nad Labem from 1978 to 1982, continuing on to the School of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University in Prague from 1982 to 1987. He subsequently taught in a secondary school in Ústí nad Labem until 1990.

## Political career

In 1989, Gandalovič was a founder member of the Civic Forum, and was elected as a Member of the Federal Assembly in 1990. The following year he was one of the founders of the breakaway Civic Democratic Party.
In 1992 he was appointed Deputy Minister of Environment, and in 1994 he became an adviser to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Between 1997 and 2002 he was the Consul General of the Czech Republic in New York City, before returning to the Czech Republic to serve one term as the Mayor of Ústí nad Labem.
In 2006 Gandalovič was one of four people appointed Vice-chairman of the Civic Democratic Party, alongside Ivan Langer, Petr Bendl, and Petr Nečas. He served in the First Cabinet of Mirek Topolánek as Minister for Regional Development (2006–2007) before being named as Minister for Agriculture in January 2007 in Topolánek's Second Cabinet, which was dissolved in May 2009 after the government lost a vote of no confidence.
Gandalovič became Czech Ambassador to the United States in 2011, remaining in the post until being replaced in 2017 by Hynek Kmoníček.
# Urticinopsis antarctica

Urticinopsis antarctica is a species of sea anemone in the family Actiniidae. It is found in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica.

## Description

Urticinopsis antarctica is a large species of sea anemone, with a column height of up to 120 mm (5 in), and numerous long slender tentacles.

## Distribution

Urticinopsis antarctica is a common species in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. It has been recorded at McMurdo Sound, the South Shetland Islands, Prydz Bay, the Cosmonauts Sea, the Haswell Islands in the Davis Sea, and the Weddell Sea.

## Ecology

The waters under the ice packs around Antarctica show a marked zonation. U antarctica is found in Zone II, between 15 and 33 m (50 and 110 ft) deep, where it is one of the dominant sessile organisms, alongside various other sea anemones, the soft coral Alcyonium antarcticum, the stoloniferan Clavularia frankliniana and the hydroids Tubularia hodgsoni and Lampra parvula. Here U antarctica mostly feeds on sea urchins in the genus Sterechinus.
It is also present in Zone III, deeper than 33 m (110 ft) and below the depth at which anchor ice forms. Here the seabed is characterised by a layer of sponge spicules and dead mollusc shells a metre or more thick, with living sponges growing on the surface. In this zone it preys on the various species of starfish found here, grazing on and feeding among the sponges, such as Diplasterias brucei. Examination of the contents of the gastrovascular cavities of these sea anemones show that the diet can include sea urchins, starfish, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, crinoids, gastropod and bivalve molluscs, and small fish; also found in the stomach cavities, but completely undigested, were several amphipod crustaceans, and these are hypothesised to have been living there as commensals.
# Loving (novel)

Loving is a 1945 novel by British writer Henry Green. Time included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005. One of his most admired works, Loving describes life above and below stairs in an Irish country house during the Second World War. In the absence of their employers the Tennants, the servants enact their own battles and conflict amid rumours about the war in Europe; invading one another's provinces of authority to create an anarchic environment of self-seeking behaviour, pilfering, gossip and love.
In a 1958 interview in The Paris Review, Terry Southern asked Green about his inspiration for Loving. Green replied: "I got the idea of Loving from a manservant in the Fire Service during the war. He was serving with me in the ranks, and he told me he had once asked the elderly butler who was over him what the old boy most liked in the world. The reply was: 'Lying in bed on a summer morning, with the window open, listening to the church bells, eating buttered toast with cunty fingers.' I saw the book in a flash."

## Television film

An adaptation for a television film by Maggie Wadey was produced by the BBC and screened in 1996. It starred Mark Rylance and Georgina Cates.
# Philadelphia Chamber Music Society

The Philadelphia Chamber Music Society is a non-profit presenter of chamber music and recitals and one of the largest organizations of its kind in the United States. It was created, in 1986, by Anthony Checchia$^{:82}$ and Philip Maneval, its Founding Artistic Director and Executive Director respectively. Miles Cohen was appointed Artistic Director in 2013. The Society presents approximately 50 chamber music concerts, instrumental and vocal recitals and special events each season by international artists (for example, András Schiff and the Kronos Quartet in 2020-21), and at low prices ($30 or less per ticket) that encourage classical music attendance by people from differing economic levels.
The Society is one of the resident companies of the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts and the largest music presenter in that center's Perelman Theater. The annual program offers a diversity of repertoire including masterworks, rarely heard pieces and new music. It also presents concerts at the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Hall and other Center City Philadelphia venues.
Since its founding, the Society has presented more than 1,700 concerts by hundreds of ensembles and recitalists, and it has commissioned numerous new works, including music by Richard Wernick, William Bolcom, Nicholas Maw, George Rochberg, Stephen Jaffe, and other prominent composers. The Society also runs an extensive music education program.
# Val Thorens

Val Thorens is a ski town in the Tarentaise Valley in the French Alps at an altitude of 2,300 m (7,500 ft). It is located in the commune of Saint-Martin-de-Belleville in the Savoie department. The resort forms part of the Les Trois Vallées ski area which, with over 600 km of slopes, is one of the largest linked ski areas in the world.

## Resort

In 1971 the first of three drag lifts was installed, followed in 1972 by the opening of the first ski school.

## Skiing

The resort is usually open from mid-November until early May. The highest ski-able peaks are Pointe du Bouchet (3230 m) and Cime de Caron (3200 m).
Many of the slopes in Val Thorens face north and north-west. However, the resort itself faces south. Val Thorens has a total of 68 marked runs, and several terrain parks. The main snow park hosts a stage of the national SFR Slopestyle Tour, and the ski cross arena is frequently visited by the FIS Skier X World Cup.
Val Thorens is part of the 3 vallées ski domain, which is connected by a common ski pass.

### Summer skiing

Beginning in 1973 Val Thorens operated ski lifts all year round on the Peclet glacier. Low visitations and melting glacier concerns led to a complete removal by 2002.

## Lift system

Val Thorens has 31 lifts, which include magic carpets, draglifts, chairlifts, gondolas, funitels, and a cable car.

## Accident

In January 2015, Israeli Guy Sasson was paralyzed from the knees down in a snowboarding accident in Val Thorens in which he fell 10 meters and injured his back and leg vertebrae; he became a Paralympian and won the 2024 French Open Quad Singles event.

## Notable persons

* Christine Goitschel
* Adrien Theaux
* Jean-Frédéric "JF" Chapuis
* Chloé Trespeuch

## Sports competitions
### Tour de France

The resort hosted a Tour de France stage finish in 1994. Nelson Rodríguez of Colombia won the stage, which had the second highest elevation for a stage finish in the history of the Tour de France.
The Tour de France returned to Val Thorens for the Stage 20 finish on 27 July 2019 and won by Vincenzo Nibali.

### Ski competitions

In December 2017, Val Thorens is host city for snowboard cross during the 2017–18 FIS Snowboard World Cup.
# V. A. Sugathadasa

Vithana Arachchige Sugathadasa, OBE (7 July 1912 – 10 July 1973) was a Sri Lankan politician. He served as the first Minister of Sports and twice as the Mayor of Colombo.

## Early life

Born to a wealthy business family, he had two siblings. He was educated at St. Benedict's College, Colombo and Ananda College.

## Political career
### Colombo Municipal Council

Sugathadasa entered politics having been elected to the Colombo Municipal Council as a municipal councillor from the Kochchikade ward as an independent candidate. He later joined the United National Party and was elected Deputy Mayor in 1949. On 6 March 1956 he was elected Mayor of Colombo, defeating Dr N. M. Perera. He held the post until 1 December 1957. He was again elected as Mayor of Colombo on 12 January 1960 and served until 10 January 1963.

### Parliament

Sugathadasa first ran for the multi-member constituency of Colombo Central at the 1st parliamentary elections held in 1947. He polled seventh out of fifteen candidates, receiving 4,898 votes (4.8% of the total vote). He stood again for Colombo Central at the 3rd parliamentary election, held in April 1956, finishing in fifth place out of seven candidates, with 18,234 votes (12.3% of the total vote). He was successful at the 4th parliamentary election, held on 19 March 1960, where he was elected to parliament representing Colombo North, obtaining 9,446 (41.6% of the total vote) and unseating the sitting member, Vivienne Goonewardene. He was able to retain the seat at the July 1960 general election, increasing his majority to 50.1% of the total vote. He was subsequently re-elected at the 1965 parliamentary elections and the 1970 election. In 1966, he was appointed as the first Minister of Sports by Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake and served until 1970. He also served as Chairman of the National Olympic and Commonwealth Games Committee and was the President of the Ceylon Lawn Tennis Association from 1958 to 1968.
He died on 10 July 1973, at the age of 61, whilst still a sitting member of parliament. His position in parliament was filled by Vincent Perera, who successfully contested the by-election for the seat in September 1973.

## Honours

In 1955 he was made an Officer in the Order of the British Empire in the New Years Honours list.
The Sugathadasa Stadium, was named in his honour, having been built on land donated by Sugathadasa.
# Orlando Sardi de Lima

Orlando Sardi de Lima (born 15 August 1950 in Cali, Colombia) is the current Ambassador of Colombia to Spain with dual accreditation to the Colombian missions in Andorra, Algeria and Morocco. An agricultural engineer from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Sardi has also served as President of Proexport from 1998 to 2000, and has been in the directives of various private and public firms including Winchester Oil & Gas, Comagro, Banco Ganadero S.A, Bancóldex, and the Colombian Institute of Agricultural Marketing (Idema), he also worked in the presidential campaigns of Andrés Pastrana Arango, and Juan Manuel Santos.
# Thomas Ter-Borch

Thomas Ter-Borch (31 January 1762 – 7 March 1812) was a Dutch-born Danish businessman. He served as Austrian consul in Copenhagen.

## Early life and background

Thomas Ter-Borch was born on 31 January 1762 in Amsterdam. He was the son of banker Abraham Ter-Borch (1717-?). He moved to Copenhagen in the 1790s.

## Career

In Copenhagen, Ter-Borch was licensed as a wholesaler (grosserer). He was a member of Grosserer-Societetet. As of 16 June 1809, the number of wholesale merchants in Copenhagen had increased to 173 (cf. list below). He partnered with Charles August Selby. Their company traded as Selby & Ter-Borch and later, after they had been joined by John Christmas, as Selby, Christmas & Ter-Borch. The company was headquartered in Thomas Ter-Borch's property at Dronningens Tværgade 7.
In 1796, Selby / Ter-Burch owned fuive ships.
In 1794, Selby and Co. purchased the Union House sugar refinery on Strandgade in Christianshavn. In 1800, when Selby retired to his country estates, it was acquired by Christmas, Ter-Borch & Company.

## Personal life and legacy

In 1802, Ter-Borch married to Anna Elisabeth Heinrich (1782–1826). She was the youngest of six children of Johan Friedrich Heinrich (1730–1808), a former director of the Danish West India Company and Birgitte Lexmond (1738–1811). Back in 1786, he had headed a Danish delegation in negotiations with Abraham Ter-Borch concerning a loan of 11 million gylden to a group of planters on Saint Croix. Ter-Borch and his wife had a son and three daughters. Their son Thomas Julius Ter-Borch (1803–1830) studied law. He was married to Juliane Bull. The daughter Johanne Frederikke Ter-Borch (1804–1857) was married to Ove Emrich Høegh Guldberg (1793–1843), a grandson of Ove Høegh-Guldberg. The second-eldest daughter Juliane Johanne Ter-Borch married to the military officer and amtmand Mathias Reinhold von Jessen (189+-1853). The daughter Maria Ter-Borch (died 1854) married to Diderius Bernhardus Liedermooij (1784-).
Ter-Borch owned the property Dronningens Rværgade 7. In 1810, he bought the country house Lindslyst from Jens Lind. It was subsequently renamed Taffel-Bay.
On 2 March 1784, Ter-Borch became a member of the Order of the Chain (Knight from 2 December 1787).
Ter-Norch died in 1812. He is buried at Assistens Cemetery (Section B). His timb features a portrait relief of him as well as a relief of Mercury and Neptinus.
His widow married in 1813 to Israel Suell (1782–1860). Ter-Borch's trading firm was subsequently continued as Israel Suell, Ter Broch & Company, It went bankrupt in 1819.
# Birsa Munda Agro Park Gumla

Birsa Munda Agro Park Gumla is a park located in Gumla, Jharkhand, India. It has a garden, an outdoor gym, aquarium house, and playing areas for children.
# Thomas B. Russell

Thomas Banister Russell (born November 15, 1945) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. He also served as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2015 to 2022. He served as a judge of the Alien Terrorist Removal Court from 2016 to 2021.

## Education and career

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Russell received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Western Kentucky University in 1967 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Kentucky College of Law in 1970. He was in private practice in Paducah, Kentucky from 1970 to 1994.

### Federal judicial service

On September 14, 1994, Russell was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky vacated by Edward Huggins Johnstone. Russell was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 7, 1994, and received his commission on October 11, 1994. He served as Chief Judge from 2008 to 2011. He took senior status on November 15, 2011. He served as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court from 2015 to 2022. He served as a judge of the Alien Terrorist Removal Court from 2016 to 2021. He retired from active service on September 1, 2023.
# Papi–Asaba languages

The Papi and Asaba languages form a small family of two somewhat distantly related languages of northern Papua New Guinea, namely Papi and Suarmin (Asaba).
Donald Laycock (1973) classified them as part of a Walio–Papi, a.k.a. Leonhard Schultze, branch of his Sepik–Ramu proposal. Malcolm Ross (2005) breaks up Walio–Papi, and suggests that the Papi languages may instead be part of the Sepik Hill branch of the (now Sepik) family. Glottolog does not find the evidence of a Papi family to be convincing. Foley (2018) and Usher (2020) retain them in Leonhard Schultze.
# Driving Park (disambiguation)

Driving Park usually refers to places that currently are or formerly were site of harness or auto racing tracks.
Places named Driving Park:
* Worcester Driving Park, Worcester Agricultural Fairgrounds, Worcester Massachusetts
* Maple Avenue Driving Park, Dunn Field (Elmira), Elmira, New York
* Driving Park (Rochester, New York), Rochester, New York
* Omaha Driving Park, North Omaha, Nebraska
* Driving Park, Columbus, Ohio
* Houston Driving Park (1902), Houston, Texas