# List of human blood components

| Compound | Comments | In whole blood (g/cm$^3$) | In plasma or serum (g/cm$^3$) |
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 ×10$^{−7}$ | 4-43 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | 3-20 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | 6.6-8.2 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | Energy storage | Energy storage |
| Adenosine triphosphate | total | 3.1-5.7 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Adenosine triphosphate | phosphorus | 5-10 ×10$^{−5}$ | |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | 2.5-12 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6AM, mean | | 5.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6AM, maximum | | 12 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6PM, mean | | 3.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | @ 6PM, maximum | | <7.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 ×10$^{−5}$ | 2.4-7.6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | | 3.5-5.0 ×10$^{−2}$ |
| Aluminum | | 1-40 ×10$^{−8}$ | 1-88 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Selenium | | 60–150 ng/mL | |
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | Regulates electrolyte balance | Regulates electrolyte balance |
| Aldosterone | supine | | 3-10 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Aldosterone | standing, male | | 6-22 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Aldosterone | standing, female | | 5-30 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | Protein building blocks | Protein building blocks |
| Amino acids | total | 3.8-5.3 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Amino acids | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 ×10$^{−5}$ | 3.0-5.5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | | 1-2 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1-2 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| δ-Aminolevulinic acid | | | 1.5-2.3 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Ammonia nitrogen | | 1-2 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.0-4.9 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | Intracellular signal transduction molecule |
| cAMP | male | | 5.6-10.9 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| cAMP | female | | 3.6-8.9 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone |
| Androstenedione | male >18 yrs | | 2-30 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Androstenedione | female >18 yrs | | 8-30 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | | 1.5 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | | 1.1-8.8 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | | 1.2-3.6 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | | 7.8-20 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.3-3.6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Arsenic | normal range | 2-62 ×10$^{−9}$ | |
| Arsenic | chronic poisoning | 100-500 ×10$^{−9}$ | |
| Arsenic | acute poisoning | 600-9300 ×10$^{−9}$ | |
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 ×10$^{−6}$ | 6-20 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | | 0-3 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Aspartic acid | In WBCs | 2.5-4.0 ×10$^{−4}$ | 9-12 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | | 5-5.7 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 ×10$^{−6}$ | 3-30 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1-10 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis, metabolize leucine, fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 ×10$^{−9}$ | 9-16 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | | | 8-23 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Bradykinin | | | 7 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Bromide | | | 7-10 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cadmium | normal | 1-5 ×10$^{−9}$ | |
| Cadmium | toxic | 0.1-3 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| Calciferol (vitamin D$_2$) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | | 1.7-4.1 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | | <1.0 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca$^{2+}$ | Bones, Ca$^{2+}$ | Bones, Ca$^{2+}$ |
| Calcium | ionized | 4.48-4.92 ×10$^{−5}$ | 4.25-5.25 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Calcium | total | | 8.4-11.5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | Respiratory gas | Respiratory gas |
| Carbon dioxide | arterial | 8.8-10.8 ×10$^{−4}$ | 3.0-7.9 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Carbon dioxide | venous | 9.8-11.8 ×10$^{−4}$ | 3.3-8.3 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | toxic | >20% total Hb | |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | lethal | >50% total Hb | |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | | | <2.5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | Vitamin A dimer | 3-25 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 ×10$^{−7}$ | |
| Cephalin | | 3-11.5 ×10$^{−4}$ | 0-1 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Ceruloplasmin | | | 1.5-6 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Chloride, as NaCl | | 4.5-5 ×10$^{−3}$ | 3.5-3.8 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 1, 25-dihydroxy | | 2.5-4.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 24,25-dihydroxy | | 1.5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | 25-hydroxy | | 1.4-8 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | 6.04 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | Steroid lipid | Steroid lipid |
| Cholesterol | LDLC | | 0.5-2.0 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Cholesterol | HDLC | | 2.9-9.0 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Cholesterol | total | 1.15-2.25 ×10$^{−3}$ | 1.2-2 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Choline, total | | 1.1-3.1 ×10$^{−4}$ | 3.6-3.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Menstrual | | 0-3 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | | 5-3300 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | | 20-1000 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | | 20-50 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Menopausal | | 3-30 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Citric acid | | 1.3-2.5 ×10$^{−5}$ | 1.6-3.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Citrulline | | | 2-10 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 ×10$^{−3}$ | 2-4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Prothrombin | | 1 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Tissue thromboplastin | | 1 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Proaccelerin | | 5-12 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Proconvertin | | 1 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Antihemophilic factor | | 1 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Christmas factor | | 4 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Stuart factor | | 5 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | | 4 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Hageman factor | | 2.9 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Fibrin-stabilizing factor | | 1 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Fibrin split products | | <1 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Fletcher factor | | 5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | Fitzgerald factor | | 7 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Coagulation Factors | von Willebrand factor | | 7 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B$_{12}$) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 ×10$^{−10}$ | 1-10 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Cocarboxylase | | | 7-9 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Complement system | C1q | | 5.8-7.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C1r | | 2.5-3.8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C1s (C1 esterase) | | 2.5-3.8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C2 | | 2.2-3.4 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C3( b1C-globulin) | | 8-15.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Complement system | factor B (C3 proactivator) | | 2-4.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Complement system | C4 (b1E-globulin) | | 1.3-3.7 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Complement system | C4 binding protein | | 1.8-3.2 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Complement system | C5 (b1F-globulin) | | 5.1-7.7 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C6 | | 4.8-6.4 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C7 | | 4.9-7 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C8 | | 4.3-6.3 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | C9 | | 4.7-6.9 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Complement system | Properdin | | 2.4-3.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Compound S | | | 1-3 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Copper | | 9-15 ×10$^{−7}$ | |
| Copper | male | | 7-14 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Copper | female | | 8-15.5 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | Steroid hormones | 1-4 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Corticosterone | | | 4-20 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | Inhibits CRH secretion | 3-23 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Cortisol | 8 AM | | 6-23 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Cortisol | 4 PM | | 3-15 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Cortisol | 10 PM | | ~50% of 8 AM value |
| C-peptide | fasting | | 0.5-2.0 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| C-peptide | maximum | | 4 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | Plasma protein | 6.8-820 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Creatine | Assists muscle cell energy supply | Assists muscle cell energy supply | Assists muscle cell energy supply |
| Creatine | male | | 1.7-5.0 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Creatine | female | | 3.5-9.3 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Creatinine | male | | 0.8-1.5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Creatinine | female | | 0.7-1.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Cyanide | nonsmokers | | 4 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cyanide | smokers | | 6 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cyanide | nitroprusside therapy | | 10-60 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cyanide | toxic | | >100 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cyanide | lethal | | >1000 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.8-5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone | Steroid hormone |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 1–4 yrs | | 0.2-0.4 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 4–8 yrs | | 0.1-1.9 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 8–10 yrs | | 0.2-2.9 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 10–12 yrs | | 0.5-9.2 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 12–14 yrs | | 0.9-20 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | aged 14–16 yrs | | 2.5-20 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | male | | 0.8-10 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | female, premenopausal | | 2.0-15 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | male | | 1.99-3.34 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | female | | |
| DHEA sulfate | newborn | | 1.67-3.64 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | pre-pubertal children | | 1.0-6.0 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | premenopausal | | 8.2-33.8 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | pregnancy | | 2.3-11.7 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| DHEA sulfate | postmenopausal | | 1.1-6.1 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | | | 1-7 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | male | | 3-8 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | female | | 1-10 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | | 8-16 ×10$^{−5}$ | |
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | The molecule of heredity | 0-1.6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | Neurotransmitter | <1.36 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Enzymes, total | | | <6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | | | <1 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Epinephrine | after 15 min rest | | 3.1-9.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Epinephrine | when emitted | 3.8 ×10$^{−9}$ | 2-2.5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Ergothioneine | | 1-20 ×10$^{−5}$ | |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm$^3$) | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) ×10$^9$ | |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm$^3$) | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) ×10$^9$ | |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm$^3$) | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 ×10$^9$ | |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm$^3$) | reticulocytes | 25-75 ×10$^6$ | |
| Erythropoietin | adult, normal | | 0.5-2.5 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Erythropoietin | pregnant | | 2.7-6.2 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Erythropoietin | hypoxia or anemia | | 0.8-8.0 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | male | | 8-36 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, follicular(days 1-10) | | 1-9 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, mean | | 5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | | 10-15 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, fertile (days 12-14) | | 35-60 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, luteal (days 15-28) | | 20-40 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, pregnancy | | 3-70 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Estradiol (E2) | female, postmenopausal | | 1-3 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estriol (E3) | nonpregnant | | <2 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | | 3-5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | | 6-11 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estriol (E3) | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | | 25-170 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estrogen | male | | 4-11.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrogen | female, prepubertal | | <4 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrogen | female, 1–10 days | | 6.1-39.4 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrogen | female, 11–20 days | | 12.2-43.7 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrogen | female, 21–30 days | | 15.6-35 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrogen | female, postmenopausal | | <4 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | male | | 2.9-17 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | female, follicular | | 2-15 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | female, 1–10 days of cycle | | 4.3-18 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | female, 11–20 days of cycle | | 7.5-19.6 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | female, 20–29 days of cycle | | 13.1-20.1 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | | 3-5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | | 5-6 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Estrone (E1) | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | | 7-10 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Ethanol | social high | | 0.5 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ethanol | reduced coordination | | 0.8 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ethanol | depression of CNS | | >1 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ethanol | confusion, falling down | | 2.0 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ethanol | loss of consciousness | | 3.0 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ethanol | coma, death | | >4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Fatty acids | nonesterified (free) | | 8-25 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Fatty acids | esterified | 2.5-3.9 ×10$^{−3}$ | 7-20 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Fatty acids | total | | 1.9-4.5 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Ferritin | male | | 1.5-30 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Ferritin | female | | 0.9-18 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | | | 0-2 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide | | | 8-12 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Fluoride | | 1-4.5 ×10$^{−7}$ | 1-4.5 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Folate | | | 2.2-17.3 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Folate | in erythrocyte | | 1.67-7.07 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Folic acid | | 2.3-5.2 ×10$^{−8}$ | 1.6-2 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Fructose | | 0-5 ×10$^{−5}$ | 7-8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Furosemide glucuronide | | | 1-400 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Galactose | children | | <2 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | | | <1.25-4.0 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Gastrin | mean | | 7 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Gastrin | maximum | | <20 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Globulin | | | total 2.2-4 ×10$^{−2}$ |
| Globulin | alpha-1-Globulin | | 1-4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Globulin | alpha-2-Globulin | | 4-10 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Globulin | beta globulin | | 5-12 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Globulin | gamma globulin | | 6-17 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Glucagon | range | | 5-15 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Glucagon | mean | | 7.1-7.9 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Glucosamine | fetus | 4-6 ×10$^{−4}$ | 4.2-5.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Glucosamine | child | 5-7 ×10$^{−4}$ | 5.2-6.9 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Glucosamine | adult | 6-8 ×10$^{−4}$ | 6.1-8.2 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Glucosamine | aged | 7-9 ×10$^{−4}$ | 7.0-8.9 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Glucose | newborn | 2-3 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Glucose | adult | 6.5-9.5 ×10$^{−4}$ | 7-10.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Glucose | diabetic | 14-120 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Glucuronic acid | | 4.1-9.3 ×10$^{−5}$ | 8-11 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Glutamic acid | | | 2-28 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Glutamine | | | 4.6-10.6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Glutathione | reduced | 2.5-4.1 ×10$^{−4}$ | 0 |
| Glycerol | free | | 2.9-17.2 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Glycine | | 1.7-2.3 ×10$^{−5}$ | 8-54 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Glycogen | | 1.2-16.2 ×10$^{−5}$ | 0 |
| Glycoprotein, acid | | | 4-15 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| cGMP | | | 0.6-4.4 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone | | | 1-80 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Guanidine | | 1.8-2.3 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| Haptoglobin | | | 3-22 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Hemoglobin | | 1.2-1.75 ×10$^{−1}$ | 1-4 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Hemoglobin | newborn | 1.65-1.95 ×10$^{−1}$ | |
| Hemoglobin | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 ×10$^{−1}$ | |
| Hemoglobin | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 ×10$^{−1}$ | |
| Hemoglobin | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 ×10$^{−1}$ | |
| Hemoglobin | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 ×10$^{−1}$ | |
| Hemoglobin | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | |
| Hexosephosphate P | | 1.4-5 ×10$^{−5}$ | 0-2 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Histamine | | 6.7-8.6 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Histidine | | 9-17 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.1-3.8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | | 4 ×10$^{−11}$ | |
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | | 1-6 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1-9 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| 17α-Hydroxycorticosteroids | | 4-10 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | male | | 20-250 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, follicular | | 20-80 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, luteal | | 80-300 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, postmenopausal | | 4-50 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone | female, child | | 20-140 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | | 5-39 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | | 0.5-8.0 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | | 5.0-19 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | | 3.0-30 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Antibodies | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | | <5 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Indican | | | 8-50 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Inositol | | | 3-7 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Insulin | | | 2.0-8.4 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Insulin-like growth factor | | | 9.9-50 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Iodine | total | 2.4-3.2 ×10$^{−8}$ | 4.5-14.5 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Iron | adult | 4-6 ×10$^{−4}$ | 6-18 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Isoleucine | | 9-15 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.2-4.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Ketone bodies | | 2.3-10 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.5-30 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| alpha-Ketonic acids | adult | 1-30 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| L-Lactate | arterial | <11.3 ×10$^{−5}$ | 4.5-14.4 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| L-Lactate | venous | 8.1-15.3 ×10$^{−5}$ | 4.5-19.8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Lead | normal | 1-5 ×10$^{−7}$ | 1-7.8 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Lead | toxic | >6-10 ×10$^{−7}$ | |
| Lecithin | | 1.1-1.2 ×10$^{−3}$ | 1-2.25 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Leptin | | 1.2 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Leucine | | 1.4-2 ×10$^{−5}$ | 1.2-5.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | total, adult, median | 7.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 ×10$^6$ | |
| Leukocytes (#/cm$^3$) Total: | Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 ×10$^6$ | |
| Lipase P | | 1.2-1.4 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Lipids | total | 4.45-6.1 ×10$^{−3}$ | 4-8.5 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | | | 1-10 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Lithium | | 1.5-2.5 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Lysine | | 1.3-3 ×10$^{−5}$ | 2-5.8 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Lysozyme (muramidase) | | | 1-15 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | pediatric | | 2-7 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | male, adult | | 0.9-4.0 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | female, adult | | 1.2-5.4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Magnesium | | 3.2-5.5 ×10$^{−5}$ | 1.8-3.6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Malic acid | | 4.6 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1-9 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Manganese | | 0-2.5 ×10$^{−7}$ | 0-1.9 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Melatonin | Day | | 1.35-1.45 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Melatonin | Night | | 6.07-7.13 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Mercury | normal | <1 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Mercury | chronic | >20 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Methemoglobin | | 4-6 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Methionine | | 4-6 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1-15 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Methyl guanidine | | 2-3 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| beta-2-microglobulin | | | 8-24 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| MIP-1a | | | 2.3 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| MIP-1b | | | 9 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Mucopolysaccharides | | | 1.75-2.25 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Mucoproteins | | | 8.65-9.6 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) | | | 6-10 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Niacin | | 5-8 ×10$^{−6}$ | 2-15 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Nitrogen | respiratory gas | 8.2 ×10$^{−6}$ | 9.7 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Nitrogen | total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 ×10$^{−2}$ | |
| Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Norepinephrine | after 15 min rest | | 2.15-4.75 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Norepinephrine | when emitted | 8.1 ×10$^{−9}$ | 8.5 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Nucleotide | total | 3.1-5.2 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Ornithine | | | 4-14 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Oxalate | | | 1-2.4 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | arterial | 2.4-3.2 ×10$^{−4}$ | 3.9 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | venous | 1.6-2.3 ×10$^{−4}$ | 1.6 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Oxytocin | male | | 2 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Oxytocin | female, nonlactating | | 2 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Oxytocin | female, pregnant 33-40 wks | | 32-48 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | | | 5-20 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Pantothenic acid (vitamin B$_5$) | | 1.5-4.5 ×10$^{−7}$ | 6-35 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | | 3-4 ×10$^{−8}$ | |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | | | 2-4 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Pentose | phosphorated | | 2-2.3 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Phenol | free | 7-10 ×10$^{−7}$ | |
| Phenylalanine | | 8-12 ×10$^{−6}$ | 1.1-4 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Phospholipid | | 2.25-2.85 ×10$^{−3}$ | 5-12 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Phosphatase | acid, prostatic | | <3 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Phosphorus | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 ×10$^{−5}$ | 2.3-4.5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Phosphorus | inorganic, children | | 4.0-7.0 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Phosphorus | total | 3.5-4.3 ×10$^{−4}$ | 1-1.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Phytanic acid | | | <3 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Platelets (#/cm$^3$): | range | 1.4-4.4 ×10$^8$ | |
| Platelets (#/cm$^3$): | median | 2.5 ×10$^8$ | |
| Platelet-derived growth factor | | | 5.0 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Polysaccharides | total | | 7.3-13.1 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Potassium | | 1.6-2.4 ×10$^{−3}$ | 1.4-2.2 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Pregnenolone | | | 3-20 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | female, follicular | | 0.4-0.9 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | female, midluteal | | 7.7-12.1 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | | 30-66 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | | 70-126 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | | 131-227 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Progesterone (female) | male | | 12-20 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Proinsulin | fasting | | 0.5-5 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Proinsulin | mean | | 1.42-1.70 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Prolactin (male) <20 ×10$^{−9}$ | while awake | | 1-7 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Prolactin (male) <20 ×10$^{−9}$ | during sleep | | 9-20 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Prolactin (female) | follicular | | <23 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Prolactin (female) | luteal | | 5-40 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Proline | | | 1.2-5.7 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Prostaglandins | PGE | | 3.55-4.15 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Prostaglandins | PGF | | 1.26-1.56 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Prostaglandins | 15-keto-PGF2a | | 5 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Prostaglandins | 15-keto-PGE2 | | <5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Protein | total | 1.9-2.1 ×10$^{−1}$ | 6.0-8.3 ×10$^{−2}$ |
| Protoporphyrin | | 2.7-6.1 ×10$^{−7}$ | |
| Prostate specific antigen | | 0-5 ×10$^{−9}$ | |
| Pseudoglobulin I | | | 8-19 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Pseudoglobulin II | | | 2-8 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Purine | total | 9.5-11.5 ×10$^{−5}$ | |
| Pyrimidine nucleotides | | 2.6-4.6 ×10$^{−5}$ | 2-12 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | | | 3.6-90 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Pyruvic acid | | 3-10 ×10$^{−6}$ | 3-12 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| RANTES | | | 7 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Relaxin | day <100 preparturition | | <2 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Relaxin | day 100 to 2 days preceding | | 5-40 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Relaxin | day preceding parturition | | 100-200 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Relaxin | day following parturition | | <2 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Retinol (Vitamin A) | | | 1-8 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B$_2$) | | 1.5-6 ×10$^{−7}$ | 2.6-3.7 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| RNA | | 5-8 ×10$^{−4}$ | 4-6 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Secretin | | | 2.9-4.5 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Serine | | | 3-20 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | | 1.55-1.81 ×10$^{−7}$ | 0.8-2.1 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Silicon | | 1.4-2.95 ×10$^{−6}$ | 2.2-5.7 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Sodium | | | 3.1-3.4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Solids, total | | 2-2.5 ×10$^{−1}$ | 8-9 ×10$^{−2}$ |
| Somatotropin | growth hormone | | 4-140 ×10$^{−10}$ |
| Sphingomyelin | | 1.5-1.85 ×10$^{−3}$ | 1-4 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Succinic acid | | | 5 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Sugar, total | | 7-11 ×10$^{−4}$ | |
| Sulfates | inorganic | | 8-12 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Sulfur | total | 3.8-5 ×10$^{−2}$ | 3.1-3.8 ×10$^{−2}$ |
| Taurine | | | 3-21 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Testosterone (male) | free | | 5.6-10.2 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Testosterone (male) | total | | 275-875 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Testosterone (female) | free | | 0.24-0.38 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Testosterone (female) | total | | 23-75 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Testosterone (female) | pregnant | | 38-190 ×10$^{−11}$ |
| Thiamine (Vitamin B$_1$) | | 3-10 ×10$^{−8}$ | 1-9 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Thiocyanate | | 5-14 ×10$^{−6}$ | |
| Thiocyanate | nonsmoker | | 1-4 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Thiocyanate | smoker | | 3-12 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Threonine | | 1.3-2 ×10$^{−5}$ | 0.9-3.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Thyroglobulin (Tg) | | | <5 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Thyroid hormones | | | 4-8 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | | | 5-60 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Thyroxine (FT4) | free | | 8-24 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Thyroxine (FT4) | total | | 4-12 ×10$^{−8}$ |
| Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | | | 2.8-3.5 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Thyroxine-binding globulin | | | 1.0-3.4 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| Tin | | 0-4 ×10$^{−7}$ | 0-1 ×10$^{−7}$ |
| alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | | | 5-20 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Transcortin | male | | 1.5-2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Transcortin | female | | 1.6-2.5 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Transferrin | newborn | | 1.3-2.75 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Transferrin | adult | | 2.2-4 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Transferrin | age >60 yrs | | 1.8-3.8 ×10$^{−3}$ |
| Triglycerides | | 8.5-23.5 ×10$^{−4}$ | 2.5-30 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Triiodothyronine | free | | 2.3-6.6 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Triiodothyronine | total (T3) | | 0.75-2.50 ×10$^{−9}$ |
| Tryptophan | | 5-10 ×10$^{−6}$ | 9-30 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Tyrosine | | 8-14 ×10$^{−6}$ | 4-25 ×10$^{−6}$ |
| Urea | | 2-4 ×10$^{−4}$ | 1.5-4.7 ×10$^{−4}$ |
| Uric acid | child | | 2.0-6.7 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Uric acid | adult, male | | 3.4-7.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Uric acid | adult, female | | 2.4-6.1 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Valine | | 2-2.9 ×10$^{−5}$ | 1.7-4.2 ×10$^{−5}$ |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | | | 6-16 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Vasopressin | hydrated | | 4.5 ×10$^{−13}$ |
| Vasopressin | dehydrated | | 3.7 ×10$^{−12}$ |
| Zinc | | 5-13 ×10$^{−6}$ | 7-15 ×10$^{−7}$ |
In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.