OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Martin Ash

Martin Ash (8 February 1942 – 27 September 2018) was a British performer, percussionist, artist and art lecturer better known to many by his stage name Sam Spoons, the percussionist of Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band.

## Early life and education

He was born on 8 February 1942 in Bridgwater but moved to Barnstaple when he was 12. He was the first student to gain an A-Level in art at Barnstaple Grammar School, before moving to Plymouth to study illustration (NDD Honours). From 1963 to 1966 he studied industrial design at the Royal College of Art.

## Career
### Musician

He joined The Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band in early 1964, leaving in December 1967, and rejoining in 2006. Ash was also a member of Bob Kerr's Whoopee Band recording with the band on their eponymous LP.
Credited as Sam Spoons, Ash appeared on all the early Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band singles and debut album Gorilla (1967). He was co writer and arranger of "Jazz, Delicious Hot, Disgusting Cold", which formed part of the Guest House Paradiso (1999) film soundtrack.
In 2006, Ash and other surviving members of The Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band reunited - along with Stephen Fry, Ade Edmondson and Phill Jupitus - for a reunion tour.

### Artist and lecturer

He worked as a senior art lecturer at Chelsea School of Art from 1972 until retirement.
A posthumous solo art exhibition, which Ash had been working on, was presented by White Moose gallery at Tapeley Park in Instow, from 14 October to 16 October 2018, titled KerbArt : A Solo Exhibition by Martin Ash (AKA Sam Spoons).

## Death

Ash died on 27 September 2018, aged 76, from cancer. His funeral was held at North Devon Crematorium in Barnstaple.
# Thomson cubic

In geometry, the Thomson cubic of a triangle is the locus of centers of circumconics whose normals at the vertices are concurrent.
# Nammude Naadu

Nammude Naade is a 1990 Indian Malayalam-language film, produced and directed by K. Suku. The film stars Madhu, Jayabharathi, Urvashi and Balan K. Nair. The film has musical score by Vidyadharan.

## Cast

* Madhu as Krishna Menon
* Jayabharathi as Lakshmi, Wife of Krishna Menon
* Urvashi as Dr. Bindu
* Kuthiravattom Pappu as Driver Musthafa
* Balan K. Nair as Maliyekkal Chacko
* Lalu Alex as Collector Nandakumar
* Paravoor Bharathan as Nandakumar's Father
* Vijayaraghavan as Balan
* P. K. Abraham as Farm Worker
* Prathapachandran as Prabhakara Panikkar
* Vincent as SI Gopinath
* Jagannatha Varma as DGP
* Captain Raju as SP Devarajan IPS
* Janardanan as CI Joseph
* Sudheer as College Student

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Vidyadharan and the lyrics were written by O. N. V. Kurup.
| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics |
| 1 | "Enteyee Poonkudil" | K. J. Yesudas | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 2 | "Madanappoonkula Pole" | K. S. Chithra | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 3 | "Malayamaarutha Gaanalapam" | K. J. Yesudas | O. N. V. Kurup |
| 4 | "Nammude Naadine" | M. G. Sreekumar | O. N. V. Kurup |
# Thomas Odoyo

Thomas Odoyo Migai (born 12 May 1978) is a Kenyan former cricketer and a former One Day International (ODI) captain. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-handed medium-fast bowler, often regarded as the best bowler produced by Kenya in the international arena.

## International career

Having represented Kenya in the 1996 World Cup, Odoyo's performances have since been critical to the team. His powerful batting throughout the middle-order and his seam bowling have led to Kenyan commentators labelling him the "Black Botham". Odoyo formed a bowling partnership with Martin Suji, and in 1997–98 set a then-world record ODI seventh-wicket stand of 119 with Suji's brother Tony.
He was the first player from a non-Test nation to score 1,500 runs and take 100 wickets in ODIs. Though injury forced him out of the Carib Beer Cup in 2003–04, he played once again for the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy
Odoyo performed well in Kenya's tour of Zimbabwe in 2006. He scored a few runs and took 8 wickets in 4 matches as Kenya drew the series 2–2 with Zimbabwe. Odoyo was selected as captain of The Northern Nomads franchise in Kenya's domestic cricket competition the Sahara Elite League.

## Coaching career

Odoyo was appointed the national cricket team's assistant coach under Robin Brown as well as head coach of Kenya national under-19 cricket team in September 2012.
In March 2016, Odoyo was named the interim head coach of Kenya national cricket team replacing Sibtain Kassamali. His support squad included former teammate Lameck Onyango
In February 2018, Kenya finished in the sixth and last place in the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament and were relegated to Division Three. As a result, Odoyo resigned as coach of the Kenyan team.
# Martin Goldsmith (radio host)

Martin Julian Goldsmith (born August 18, 1952) is an American radio personality and an author, best known as a classical music host on National Public Radio and Sirius XM, and for a book about his parents' experiences as Jewish musicians in Nazi Germany.

## Biography

Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Goldsmith is the son of Gunther Goldschmidt, a flutist from Oldenburg, Germany, and Rosemarie Gumpert Goldschmidt, a violist. After emigrating to the United States, his mother was for 21 years a member of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra. Goldsmith received a bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins. From 1971 to 1975 he was a radio host, musical producer, and writer at classical radio station WCLV, in Cleveland, Ohio. He joined WETA-FM, Washington, D.C., in 1975, serving as producer, announcer, music director, and, eventually, program director. In 1987 he joined National Public Radio as a music producer for Performance Today. From 1989 to 1999 he hosted that program; he became its senior commentator in 1999. He then moved to XM Satellite Radio, where he serves as director of classical music programming and is frequently heard on Sirius XM's Symphony Hall channel. Goldsmith has sung in the chorus of the Baltimore Opera Company and made a guest appearance with the Washington Opera. He has also acted in many roles in Washington-area theaters, including Arena Stage. He plays the French horn. His music reviews have appeared in The Washington Post.

## Books

* The Inextinguishable Symphony: A True Story of Music and Love in Nazi Germany, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN 9781630262129 - details his parents' experiences in the Jüdischer Kulturbund, an all-Jewish orchestra maintained by the Nazis between 1933 and 1941.
* The Beatles Come to America Wiley, 2004, ISBN 9780471469643
* Alex's Wake: A Voyage of Betrayal and a Journey of Remembrance. Da Capo Press, Incorporated. 8 April 2014. ISBN 978-0-306-82322-0.

## Film

* Winter journey (Winterreise), a 2019 documentary with feature film elements starring Bruno Ganz by Danish director Anders Østergaard. The film is based on Goldsmiths' book The Inextinguishable Symphony. Goldsmith is narrating the story.

## Awards

Goldsmith's awards include Yale's Cultural Leadership Citation (1998) and, for Performance Today, a George Foster Peabody Award (1998).
# Thorium(IV) chloride

Thorium(IV) chloride describes a family of inorganic compounds with the formula ThCl$_4$(H$_2$O)$_n$. Both the anhydrous and tetrahydrate (n = 4) forms are known. They are hygroscopic, water-soluble white salts.

## Structures

The structure of thorium(IV) chloride features 8-coordinate Th centers with doubly bridging chloride ligands.

## Synthesis

ThCl$_4$ was an intermediate in the original isolation of thorium metal by Jons Jacob Berzelius.
Thorium(IV) chloride can be produced in a variety of ways. One method is a carbothermic reaction, 700 °C to 2600 °C, involving thorium oxides and carbon in a stream of chlorine gas:
    ThO$_2$ + 2 C + 4 Cl$_2$ → ThCl$_4$ + 2 CO
The chlorination reaction can be effected with carbon tetrachloride:
    Th(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2$ + CCl$_4$ → ThCl$_4$ + 3 CO + 3 CO$_2$
In another two-step method, thorium metal reacts with ammonium chloride:
    Th + 6 NH$_4$Cl → (NH$_4$)$_2$ThCl$_6$ + 4 NH$_3$ + 2 H$_2$
The hexachloride salt is then heated at 350 °C under a high vacuum to produce ThCl$_4$.

## Reactions
### Lewis base adducts

ThCl$_4$ reacts with Lewis bases to give molecular adducts, such as ThCl$_4$(DME)$_2$ and ThCl$_4$(TMEDA)$_2$.

### Reduction to Th metal

Thorium(IV) chloride is an intermediate in the purification of thorium, which can be affected by:
* Reduction of ThCl$_4$ with alkali metals.
* Electrolysis of anhydrous thorium(IV) chloride in fused mixture of NaCl and KCl.
* Ca reduction of a mixture of ThCl$_4$ with anhydrous zinc chloride.
# Martyn Booty

Martyn James Booty (born 30 May 1971) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. He made more than 300 appearances in the Football League for Coventry City, Crewe Alexandra, Reading, Southend United, Chesterfield and Huddersfield Town. He had two spells as Assistant Manager of Hyde United F.C.
His son Regan plays for Gateshead.

## Career
### Early career

Born in Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire, but grew up in Anstey with his parents Nell and John, and brother Michael. He started his football career as a trainee at Coventry City, but struggled to break into the first team.

### The Football League

After leaving Highfield Road, he moved to Crewe Alexandra, Reading, Southend United and Chesterfield. In 2003, Peter Jackson, who had just been re-appointed manager of Huddersfield Town, brought Booty in to help with the club's revitalisation following two relegations in three seasons, but he picked up an injury and only played four games during that season. At the end of the season, Jackson appointed Booty to the coaching staff, a role which he held until May 2008.

### Non-league

At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, he joined Northern Premier League side Curzon Ashton as a player, moving on first to Salford City and then Buxton. Before the 2009–10 season, Booty rejoined Curzon Ashton as assistant manager.
In May 2011, Booty followed Gary Lowe to Hyde, where he became Lowe's assistant manager, signing a one-year contract at the club.
# Martin Huba

Martin Huba (born 16 July 1943 in Bratislava) is a Slovak actor and director on stage and in film.
In 1964 he graduated from the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (VŠMU). He joined the Východoslovenské štátne divadlo (Košice State Theater) in Košice. In 1967 he moved to the theater Divadlo na Korze in Bratislava, where he remained till its closure in 1971. Since 1976 he has been a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND).
Since the 1990s he has been directing theatre - he has directed in the Drama Theatre and Opera of the Slovak National Theatre in Bratislava and as part of the Summer Shakespeare Festival in Prague. He won the 2001 DOSKY Theatre Critics' Award for his direction of The Dancing Room.

## Selected stage performances - actor

* 1995: Isidoro in Čertice by Carlo Goldoni
* 1998: Bruscon in Der Theatermacher by Thomas Bernhard, Divadlo Na Zábradlí in Prague (received Alfréd Radok Award)
* 2004: Cyrano in Cyrano de Bergerac, SND
* 2005: Johannes Rosmer in Rosmersholm, Mahenovo divadlo Brno (nominated for Alfréd Radok Award)

## Selected stage performances - director

* 1995: Anton Pavlovich Chekhov: The Cherry Orchard; SND
* 1999: Agatha Christie: Desať malých černoškov alebo ...napokon už nezostal nik; Činohra SND
* 2001: Tančiareň; SND (received Dosky Award)
* 2002: William Shakespeare: King Lear; Summer Shakespeare festival at Prague Castle
* 2002: Ronald Harwood: The Dresser; Divadlo v Dlouhé in Prague
* 2004: William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet; Summer Shakespeare Festival at Prague Castle
* 2004: Juraj Beneš: The Players; SND
* 2006: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro; SND
# Martin Hudec (rally driver)

Martin Hudec (born 27 June 1980) is a Czech rally driver. He is racing in the WRC-2 since the 2013 season.

## Career results
### WRC results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | WDC | Points |
| 2013 | Semerád Rally Team | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | MON | SWE 31 | MEX | POR WD | ARG | GRE | ITA | FIN 38 | GER | AUS | FRA | ESP | GBR | -* | 0* |
* Season still in progress.

#### WRC 2 results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | WRC 2 | Points |
| 2013 | Semerád Rally Team | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | MON | SWE 10 | MEX | POR WD | ARG | GRE | ITA | FIN 12 | GER | AUS | FRA | ESP | GBR | 29th* | 1* |
* Season still in progress.

### Czech Rally Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | MMČR | Points |
| 2009 | Krimi Stop | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | VAL 24 | ŠUM | KRU | HUS | BAR | PŘÍ | BOH | | - | 0 |
| 2011 | Toba Czech Racing | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | VAL 20 | ŠUM - | KRU 20 | HUS 11 | BOH Ret | BAR Ret | PŘÍ 17 | | 26th | 5 |
| 2012 | SAS Zlín | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | JÄN 8 | | | | | | | | 9th | 34 |
| 2012 | SF-CZ.cz | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | | VAL Ret | ŠUM 10 | KRU 10 | HUS Ret | BOH - | | | 9th | 34 |
| 2012 | Semerád Rally Team | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | | | | | | | BAR 23 | PŘÍ 5 | 9th | 34 |
| 2013 | Semerád Rally Team | Mitsubishi Lancer Evo IX | JÄN Ret | ŠUM | KRU | HUS | BOH | BAR | PŘÍ | | 31st* | 2* |
* Season still in progress.
# Betty Ballinger

Betty Eve Ballinger (1854–1936) was a founder of the Daughters of The Republic of Texas.

## Early life

Betty Eve Ballinger was born in Galveston, Texas, on February 3, 1854, to William and Harriet Patrick Jack Ballinger. Her grandfather was William Houston Jack, a veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto and a public official in the Republic of Texas. Her father, William Pitt Ballinger, was a Galveston attorney.
Ballinger attended primary school in New Orleans and Baltimore. When she was not away at school, she resided in the family's home in Galveston.

## Career

Ballinger and Hally Ballinger Bryan Perry (a cousin) were concerned about preserving the memory of those who fought in the Texas Revolution, especially those who served at the Battle of San Jacinto. In 1891, Ballinger and her cousin met other distinguished women in Houston and formed the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. She joined its executive committee, which composed a constitution and by-laws. The group convened its first annual meeting in Lampasas, Texas in 1892. Meanwhile, Ballinger formed the Galveston Chapter of the organization and led the chapter for its first few years.
In 1912, Ballinger joined the Galveston Equal Suffrage Association and served of as the new organization first vice president. Their attempt to convince local voters to extend suffrage in Galveston failed, though, as the pro-suffrage movement was linked to prohibition of alcohol and both amendments were defeated by a similar margin.
# Nanjua

Nanjua is a village in Ancuabe District in Cabo Delgado Province in northeastern Mozambique.
# Thout 28

Thout 27 – Coptic calendar – Thout 29
The twenty-eighth day of the Coptic month of Thout, the first month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to September 25, of the Julian calendar, and October 8, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Akhet, the season of inundation.

## Commemorations
### Saints

* The martyrdom of Saint Abadir and Saint Era-ee, his sister
# Tori Koro

Tori Koro (トリコロ) (aka. Tricolo) is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Hai Ran. The manga was serialised in Hobunsha's Manga Time Kirara until 2005, when it was discontinued. Media Works's Dengeki Daioh started to serialised the manga in June 2006. The manga is published in Japan by Hobunsha and is licensed in North America by DrMaster.

## Reception

Anime News Network's Carlo Santos commends the manga for its "simple, pleasing art and easily identifiable character" but criticises it for making a futile attempt at "being funny".
# Centre for Food Safety

Centre for Food Safety (CFS; Chinese: 食物安全中心) is the food safety authority of the Hong Kong government. Its mission is to ensure food is safe and fit for consumption through tripartite collaboration among the government, food trade, and consumers. The CFS was created in May 2006 under the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department of the Environment and Ecology Bureau.

## History

Plans to form a separate agency to specifically tackle food safety were proposed in 2005, following multiple food safety incidents including an outbreak of Streptococcus suis and freshwater fish contaminated with malachite green. At its initial conception, the centre was expected to take a similar structure as the Centre for Health Protection, and bring together experts from various fields to tackle food safety issues.
A proposal for the centre was rejected by the Legislative Council on 18 January 2006, citing concerns of marginalising veterinarians and lacking clarity.
Within the first months after the centre is set up, legislators complained that the centre had been doing too little to effective control food safety in Hong Kong.

## Logo

The department's orange colour is adopted in the Centre logo plus the green colour representing "safety and hope". The letters 'C', 'F' and 'S' are abbreviation for Centre for Food Safety.
# Centre for Forest Based Livelihood and Extension

Centre for Forest-based Livelihoods and Extension (CFLE) is an Advanced Research Centre situated in Agartala in Tripura. It works under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India.
# Volumetric haptic display

A volumetric haptic display (VHD) is similar to a (visual) volumetric display, but informs touch instead of vision. A VHD projects a touch-based representation of a surface onto a 3D volumetric space. Users can feel the projected surface(s), usually with their hands. The display is otherwise not detectable, and offers no visual feedback. There are no known instances of a fully operational VHD at this time.

## Technological implementation

The University of Bristol has developed a method for haptic feedback that could be integrated into a volumetric display. The system uses focused ultrasound to create a haptic object in mid air.

## Feedback

The following feedback can be provided to the user:
* Surface contact
* Surface texture
* Vibration
* Motion-based/topological changes of surface
# Toronto-Buffalo Royals

The Toronto-Buffalo Royals were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT) founded by John F. Bassett and John C. Eaton, III. The team was sometimes referred to as the Buffalo-Toronto Royals. The Royals played half of their home matches in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the other half in Buffalo, New York, United States. The Royals played only one season before being sold and moving to Hartford, Connecticut after the 1974 season. The team was contracted by WTT on February 1, 1975. The Royals had 13 wins and 31 losses, and finished in last place in the Central Section missing the playoffs.

## Team history

The Royals were founded by Canadian businessman and retired tennis player John F. Bassett and merchant John C. Eaton, III as a charter member of WTT in 1973. Originally, WTT granted the franchise to Toronto. The team began play in WTT's inaugural 1974 season. The Royals played half of their home matches at the CNE Coliseum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the other half at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium in Buffalo, New York, United States. While WTT identified the team as the Toronto-Buffalo Royals in its official standings, the team was sometimes called the Buffalo-Toronto Royals by the Canadian media among others. The team identified itself as the Toronto-Buffalo Royals in its media guide and promotional materials such as team pennants.
The Royals' main attraction was player-coach Tom Okker. However, Okker's contract allowed him to be excused from his commitment to the Royals when he had opportunities to play in ATP or Grand Slam tournaments. So, Okker was effectively a part-time player. The Royals struggled to a record of 13 wins and 31 losses, last place in the Central Section.
On October 16, 1974, team president Bassett announced that the Royals had been sold to Bert Hoffman and Phyllis Morse who said that they would move the team to Hartford, Connecticut.
At the WTT owners meeting on February 1, 1975, each team was required to post a $500,000 letter of credit. Since the Royals failed to do so, the team was contracted by WTT. A dispersal draft was conducted to distribute the players among the remaining teams in the league.

## Home courts

The following table shows home courts used by the Toronto-Buffalo Royals in 1974, the only season in which they competed in WTT.
| Venue | Location | Duration | Duration | Notes |
| Venue | Location | Start | End | Notes |
| CNE Coliseum | Toronto, Ontario, Canada | 1974 | 1974 | Home venue for half of the team's matches |
| Buffalo Memorial Auditorium | Buffalo, New York, United States | 1974 | 1974 | Home venue for half of the team's matches |

## 1974 roster

The Toronto-Buffalo Royals roster for the 1974 season was
* Tom Okker, Player-Coach
* Mike Estep
* Jan O'Neill
* Wendy Overton
* Laura Rossouw
# Elsie Foster Cassatt

Elizabeth "Elsie" Foster Cassatt Stewart (August 14, 1875 – May 31, 1931) was an American sportswoman and socialite.

## Early life

Cassatt was born in Pennsylvania, the daughter of Alexander Cassatt and Lois Buchanan Cassatt. Her father was president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Her older brother was soldier and horse breeder Edward B. Cassatt. Her mother's uncle was United States president James Buchanan. Her father's sister was the painter Mary Cassatt. As a child, Elsie visited her aunt in France, and was the subject of some of Mary Cassatt's portraits, including "Katherine Cassatt Reading to her Grandchildren", "Elsie in a Blue Chair" and "Elsie Cassatt Holding a Big Dog".

## Career

Cassatt was described as "a young woman whose every curve speaks of her athletic training and fine physical condition... a modern Diana: she rides, swims, shoots, and plays tennis." She was also known as a cricketer and a serious golfer before she married. She played in the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1899 and in 1901, and was considered one of the top American women golfers of her day. She was a member of the Merion Cricket Club, with her sister Katherine, in 1900.
She loaned some of Mary Cassatt's paintings to a major exhibit held at the Pennsylvania Museum in 1927, curated by Louisine Havemeyer.

## Personal life

Elsie Cassatt married stockbroker W. Plunket Stewart in 1902, and divorced him in 1930; he soon remarried. Her husband was a noted breeder of hunting dogs. Their daughters were Katherine, Doris, and Elsie; their only son, Alexander, died in 1912. She died in New York in 1931, aged 55 years. Her gravesite is in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Her daughter Katherine Kelso Stewart married Eric Vicomte de Spoelberch, a Belgian pilot and athlete, in 1932. The Elsie Cassatt Stewart Memorial Children's Fund was established at the Jefferson Medical College Hospital and Medical Center in Philadelphia.

## In popular culture

Cassatt was a character in the television film Mary Cassatt: An American Impressionist (1999), portrayed by Canadian actress Emma Taylor-Isherwood.
# Elsie Gabriel

Elsie Gabriel is an Indian environmentalist and underwater diver.
Gabriel's parents were West Bengal professors. She is the founder of the Young Environmentalists Programme Trust, national coordinator of the Oceans Climate Reality Project, and the co chairperson of the Oceans School in Lakshadweep Islands.
in 2021, she was named the Ocean Quest Global Ambassador for India, and in 2023 she was inducted into the Women Divers Hall of Fame.
Her book, Get Out Get Going Outdoors, was published in 2014. As of 2023, she is based in Mumbai.