OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Peter Franaszek

Peter A. Franaszek is an American information theorist, an IEEE Fellow, a research staff member emeritus at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center and a former member of the IBM Academy of Technology. He received his Sc.B. from Brown University in 1962, and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1966.
His work was mainly on the representation of information for storage and transmission, and the placement and movement of such information in computer systems. Specific areas include constrained coding, compression algorithms, I/O architectures, switching networks, disk defragmentation algorithms, concurrency control techniques, operating system schedulers, and compression techniques and architectures for systems with memory compression. Franaszek's coding research determined fundamental aspects of constrained coding, and obtained algorithms for code construction. In early work associated with his "principal state" technique for block code construction, he designed MS43, a ternary code for data transmission, a modified version of which, MMS43, became a European standard. His work also served as a basis for key components in the proliferation of disk drives, compact disks (CDs), and digital versatile disks (DVDs). Specific codes he developed have been widely used in commercial data storage and transmission products. His (2,7) RLL code found widespread application in disk drives in the 1980s and later in magnetic and optical recording applications. Together with Albert Widmer, he designed 8b/10b encoding used in gigabit telecommunication systems. As an emeritus, he, along with B.Abali and L. Lastras, coinvented an approach to a data compression engine using a hybrid of a content addressible memory and hashing (US Patent 9836238). This forms the basis for the comoression/deflate engines embodied in the IBM z15 and Power9 processors.

## Awards

* IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award – 1989 "For contributions to the theory and practice of coding for contrained channels in digital recording."
* 2002: ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award
* 2009: IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal for his contributions to the theory and practice of run-length limited channel coding for magnetic and optical storage.
# Lottia mesoleuca

Lottia mesoleuca is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Lottiidae, one of the families of true limpets.
# Peter Templeman

Peter Templeman (17 March 1711 – 23 August 1769) was an English physician.

## Biography

Templeman was the eldest son of Peter Templeman (d. 1749), a solicitor at Dorchester, by his wife Mary, daughter of Robert Haynes. He was born on 17 March 1711, and educated at the Charterhouse, though not on the foundation. Proceeding to Trinity College, Cambridge, he graduated B.A. with distinguished reputation in 1731 (Graduati Cantabr. 1823, p. 463). He at first intended to take holy orders, but afterwards he applied himself to the study of medicine, and went in 1736 to the university of Leyden, where he attended the lectures of Dr. Herman Boerhaave, and was created M.D. on 10 Sept. 1737 (Album Studiosorum Acad. Lugd. Bat. 1875, p. 967). In 1739 he came to London with a view to enter on the practice of his profession, supported by a handsome allowance from his father. He was so fond, however, of literary leisure and of the society of learned men that he never acquired a very extensive practice.
In 1750 he was introduced to Dr. John Fothergill with a view to institute a medical society in order to procure the earliest intelligence of improvements in physic from every part of Europe, but the plan never took effect. When the British Museum was opened in 1758, for purposes of inspection and study, Templeman was appointed on 22 December to the office of keeper of the reading-room. Gray gives an amusing account of a visit to the reading-room while under his care (Works, 1884, iii. 1–2). Templeman resigned the post on 18 December 1760 on being chosen secretary to the recently instituted Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. In 1762 he was elected a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris, and also of the Economical Society at Berne. He died on 23 August 1769 (Cambridge Chronicle, 30 Aug. 1769). Bowyer says ‘he was esteemed a person of great learning, particularly with respect to languages, spoke French with great fluency, and left the character of a humane, generous, and polite member of society.’ A portrait by Richard Cosway belongs to the Society of Arts, and was engraved by William Evans.
His works are:
* ‘On a Polypus at the Heart, and a Scirrhous Tumour of the Uterus’ (in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ 1746).
* ‘Curious Remarks and Observations in Physics, Anatomy, Chirurgery, Chemistry, Botany, and Medicine; selected from the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris,’ 2 vols. London, 1753–4, 8vo. Edition of Dr. John Woodward's ‘Select Cases and Consultations in Physic,’ London, 1757, 8vo.
* ‘Travels in Egypt and Nubia: translated from the original Danish of Frederick Lewis Norden, and enlarged,’ 2 vols. London, 1756–7, fol., with the fine engravings made by Tuscher for the original edition. Templeman also published at the same time the entire translation and the whole of his additions in one vol. 8vo, without plates.
* 'Practical Observations on the Culture of Lucern, Turnips, Burnet, Timothy Grass, and Fowl Meadow Grass,' London, 1766, 8vo.
* 'Epitaph on Lady Lucy Meyrick' (in vol. viii. of the 'Select Collection of Miscellany Poems,' 1781).
# Peter Tennant

Peter Tennant is a prolific writer of horror, fantasy and speculative fiction, and award-winning columnist and reviewer for Black Static magazine. He has also written or run review columns for genre magazines including Whispers of Wickedness, Zene, Touchpaper, Maelstrom, The Third Alternative, Dream, Vector, Dreams from the Stranger’s Café, Black Tears, The Zone, Unreal Dreams, Zest, Sol and The Fix. In 2008 he won the British Fantasy Award for Best Non-Fiction for the Whispers of Wickedness Reviews website.
# Peter Gerber (politician)

Peter Gerber (8 June 1923 – 11 April 2012) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1985–1986).
# Peter Gutteridge

Peter Gutteridge (19 May 1961 – 15 September 2014) was a New Zealand musician, credited with pioneering the Dunedin sound with The Clean and The Chills.

## Life and career

Gutteridge was a founding member of The Clean in 1978, alongside Hamish and David Kilgour, whom Gutteridge had known from his schooldays. He was a founding member of The Chills in 1980, staying with the band for only a few months. He left because he found the environment "too controlling."
In 1982–83 he was a member of The Cartilage Family, alongside Shayne Carter., for their two performances. After leaving the band, he rejoined The Clean's Kilgour brothers to form The Great Unwashed in 1983, bringing four songs he had written for The Cartilage Family. The band later performed on the John Peel Show.
Gutteridge later formed the band Snapper, with whom he performed from 1986. Other bands in which Gutteridge has been involved have included the Alpaca Brothers and The Puddle.
Gutteridge released one solo album, Pure, on Xpressway Records in 1989.
Peter Gutteridge died on 15 September 2014, in Auckland, New Zealand.

## Legacy

SPIN Magazine noted, "the lilting looseness of bands like Yo La Tengo, Ducktails, Beach Fossils, and Twerps owes a fair debt to the sound that Gutteridge helped craft."
Yo La Tengo covered "Gentle Hour" and Wooden Shjips often covered "Buddy" in concert.
Gutteridge did not particularly like being associated with the Dunedin sound. He stated, "People didn't think about the sound of things, people put on guitars and then clanged out stuff. I just got tired of a guitar sound that wasn't thought about. I had my own personal style. I mean, I wrote [The Clean's] Point That Thing [Somewhere Else]' at 17."
Michael Hann, writing in The Guardian music blog, indicated that he derived some of his fame from his label: "Whatever Gutteridge's feelings about his peers, he did not exist in a vacuum: part of what drew people to his work was the knowledge of the other Flying Nun bands" but that he was different and influential in his own right.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums :
| Title | Album details |
| Pure | Released: 1989 Label: Xpressway (X/WAY 9) Format: CD, LP |
# IGKC

Immunoglobulin kappa constant, also known as IGKC, is a human gene that encodes the constant domain of kappa-type light chains for antibodies. It is found on chromosome 2, in humans, within the Immunoglobulin kappa locus, IGK@.
# Hixton (town), Wisconsin

Hixton is a town in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 611 at the 2000 census. The Village of Hixton is located within the town. The unincorporated community of Sechlerville is also located in the town.

## History

The town of Hixton was created out of a portion of the town of Albion in 1856. It is named for John L. Hicks, an early settler who came to the area in 1854.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.4 km$^2$), of which, 34.9 square miles (90.4 km$^2$) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km$^2$) of it (0.06%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 611 people, 214 households, and 166 families residing in the town. The population density was 17.5 people per square mile (6.8/km$^2$). There were 251 housing units at an average density of 7.2 per square mile (2.8/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the town was 94.76% White, 1.96% Native American, 2.45% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. 2.95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 214 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $38,056, and the median income for a family was $39,167. Males had a median income of $26,845 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,866. About 5.6% of families and 6.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
# William J. Duane (Jesuit)

William J. Duane was a Jesuit priest and President of Fordham University in the Bronx, NY, from 1924 until 1930. Fr. Duane was born in March 1868 in New York, NY. Prior to being appointed President of Fordham University, he graduated from St. Francis Xavier College (later to become Xavier High School) in 1887, after which he went on to study at Boston College and then teach theology at Woodstock College for nineteen years. He was fifty-seven years old when he came to Fordham.
Duane oversaw several noteworthy events in Fordham University's development, including the completion of the Rose Hill campus gymnasium, which, having been undertaken in 1923, was dedicated in 1925. Shortly after the dedication of Rose Hill Gymnasium, work was begun on a new library, the first of five buildings that Duane would see built. This significant expansion of the university's facilities occurred during a period of notable growth within the infrastructure of the American Catholic Church; Duane's emphasis on the building, expansion and renovation of university facilities can be seen to reflect this trend within the church during this time period. Duane Library, located on the university's Rose Hill campus and later repurposed into an administrative building, was dedicated in Duane's honor after the completion of his service to the university in 1930. In addition to growing the university's infrastructure, the university's Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program was established in 1926.
# Loximuthal projection

In cartography, the loximuthal projection is a map projection introduced by Karl Siemon in 1935, and independently in 1966 by Waldo R. Tobler, who named it. It is characterized by the fact that loxodromes (rhumb lines) from one chosen central point (the intersection of the central meridian and central latitude) are shown straight lines, correct in azimuth from the center, and are "true to scale" in the sense that distances measured along such lines are proportional to lengths of the corresponding rhumb lines on the surface of the Earth. It is neither an equal-area projection nor conformal.

## Description

A loxodrome on the surface of the Earth is a curve of constant bearing: it meets every parallel of latitude at the same angle. Suppose its bearing is θ north of east, so, for example, due east is θ = 0; due north is θ = a right angle; due west is θ = a half circle. The loxodrome's whole length as it goes from the south pole to the north pole is fairly routinely seen to be πR csc θ where R is the radius of the Earth (in particular if the loxodrome goes straight east, it circles the Earth infinitely many times without getting closer to either pole, so its length is ∞. Let a loxodrome pass through the point whose longitude and latitude are both 0; call this the "central point". Suppose one starts at the central point and travels a certain distance in a certain direction along this loxodrome and arrives at geographic location . Let f(p) be the point in the (x, y)-plane reached by going that same distance in that same direction from the origin (0, 0). Thus f(p) ∈ R × [−⁠πR/2⁠, ⁠πR/2⁠]. That point f(p) is the image of p on the map. More than one loxodrome goes from the central point to p, but there is a unique shortest one: the one that does not cross the 180° meridian on its way from the central point to p. If one were to include loxodromes crossing the 180° meridian, one would get infinitely many images of the whole Earth, occupying the entire strip R × [−⁠πR/2⁠, ⁠πR/2⁠]. Using only the unique shortest loxodrome from the central point to each point p gives only one copy, occupying a sort of oval.
# Bloomba

Bloomba was an email client publicly announced February 2003 at IDG's DEMO show. It was released in October 2003. Bloomba's developer, Stata Laboratories (also the producers of the SAProxy anti spam filter) was purchased by Yahoo in October 2004, at which time sales of Bloomba were suspended.

## History

In May 2005, Bloomba was licensed to Corel Corporation and re-released as WordPerfect Mail, a component of the WordPerfect Office family. Bloomba's focus was fast searching of email. According to PC Magazine, it was faster than Outlook in searching email. It could be installed beside an installation of Outlook or Eudora without interfering with the operation of the other email client. Bloomba was co-developed by Chennai-based iSoftTech, a software outsourcing firm engaged by Stata Labs.
# Braidwood

Braidwood may refer to:

## People

* Braidwood (surname)

## Places

* Braidwood, New South Wales, Australia
* Braidwood, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
* Braidwood, Illinois, United States of America

## Things

* Braidwood Inquiry - an inquiry into a Taser incident in Vancouver, Canada
* Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station, Illinois, United States of America
* Braidwood - An abandoned Intel project, successor to Intel Turbo Memory
# 2011–12 Tribute Cornwall League 1

The Tribute Cornwall League 1 2011–12 was a full season of rugby union within Cornwall League 1.

## Team Changes

Saltash as Champions, are promoted to the Tribute Cornwall/Devon League for season 2012–13. Helston will play against the runners–up from Tribute Devon 1 for a place in the Tribute Cornwall/Devon League.

## Table

Tribute Cornwall League 1 2011-12 :
| Pos | Team | P | W | D | L | F | A | Diff | Pts | Notes |
| 1 | Saltash | 18 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 814 | 184 | 630 | 86 | Promoted |
| 2 | Helston | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 501 | 250 | 251 | 67 | |
| 3 | St Just | 18 | 11 | 0 | 7 | 441 | 333 | 108 | 54 | |
| 4 | Stithians | 18 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 177 | 384 | -207 | 32 | |
| 5 | Roseland | 18 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 246 | 472 | -132 | 21 | points adjusted |
| 6 | Bodmin | 18 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 221 | 554 | -233 | 20 | points adjusted |
| 7 | Camborne School of Mines | 18 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 186 | 409 | -223 | 15 | points adjusted |
Points are awarded as follows:
* 4 points for a win
* 2 points for a draw
* 0 points for a loss
* 1 point for scoring four tries and/or losing a match by seven points or less
# 2011–12 Tribute Cornwall/Devon League

The Tribute Cornwall/Devon League 2011–12 was the 25th full season of rugby union within the Cornwall/Devon League and consisted of eight teams from Devon and six teams from Cornwall. Tavistock as champions and Honiton as runners–up were promoted to the Tribute Western Counties West for season 2012–13, whilst Veor was relegated to Tribute Cornwall One, and Totnes and Torrington were relegated to Tribute Devon One for season 2012–13.

## Table

2011–2012 Tribute Cornwall/Devon League Table :
| | Club | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Points Diff | Bonus Points | Points | Points deducted |
| 1 | Tavistock | 26 | 21 | 0 | 5 | 846 | 291 | 555 | 19 | 103 | |
| 2 | Honiton | 26 | 20 | 0 | 6 | 717 | 351 | 366 | 17 | 97 | |
| 3 | Teignmouth | 26 | 19 | 0 | 7 | 708 | 399 | 309 | 15 | 91 | |
| 4 | Withycombe | 26 | 16 | 2 | 8 | 539 | 401 | 138 | 12 | 80 | |
| 5 | Hayle | 26 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 613 | 416 | 197 | 19 | 75 | |
| 6 | Crediton | 26 | 15 | 1 | 10 | 575 | 482 | 93 | 11 | 73 | |
| 7 | Falmouth | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 526 | 435 | 91 | 9 | 67 | |
| 8 | Pirates Amateurs | 26 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 618 | 564 | 54 | 9 | 62 | –5 |
| 9 | Newquay Hornets | 26 | 11 | 0 | 15 | 596 | 547 | 49 | 15 | 59 | |
| 10 | Liskeard–Looe | 26 | 10 | 1 | 15 | 423 | 582 | -159 | 10 | 52 | |
| 11 | Plymouth Barbarians | 26 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 397 | 530 | -123 | 5 | 49 | |
| 12 | Veor | 26 | 9 | 0 | 17 | 424 | 618 | -194 | 8 | 44 | |
| 13 | Totnes | 26 | 3 | 0 | 23 | 263 | 907 | -644 | 4 | 11 | –5 |
| 14 | Torrington | 26 | 2 | 0 | 24 | 147 | 879 | -732 | 3 | 11 | |
| Points are awarded as follows: four points for a win; two points for a draw; no points for a loss; one bonus point for scoring four tries or more in a match; one bonus point for losing by seven points or less. If teams are level at any stage, tiebreakers are applied in the following order: (1) difference between points for and against; (2) total number of points for... |||||||||||
| Green background are promotion places. Pink background are relegation places. |||||||||||
# 2011 in Chad

Events in the year 2011 in Chad.

## Incumbents

* President: Idriss Déby
* Prime Minister: Emmanuel Nadingar

## Events
### April

* April – Thousands of Chadians that fled to Libya during the Civil War return to their native country.

### July

* 9–22 July – Chadian government asks that Senegal follow through on sending former president Hissène Habré to Belgium to be prosecuted and sentenced for crimes against humanity during his term as president.

### August

* Cholera continues to ravage the populations of Chad, as well as other countries neighboring Lake Chad.

### November

* The Global Environment Facility grants Chad and neighboring countries $20 million to help encourage sustainable practices regarding energy and natural resources.

### December

* December 6 – The Food and Agriculture Organization establish a program to help alleviate hunger in Chad.
* December 8 – The government of Chad works to build counters to child trafficking within the country.
* December 13 – The International Criminal Court announces that Chad has not met its obligations as a member by failing to arrest Omar al-Bashir in August of the previous year.
# Brahmapuri

Brahmapuri may refer to:
* Brahmaloka, heavenly abode of the Hindu god Brahma
* Brahmapuri, another name for Varanasi, a holy city in India
* Brahmapuri, Bara, Nepal
* Brahmapuri, Janakpur, Nepal
* Brahmapuri, Rautahat, Nepal
* Brahmapuri, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
* Bramhapuri, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India
* Brahmapuri (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Maharashtra
# Bozer

Bozer is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Ahmet Bozer (born 1960), Turkish business executive
* Ali Bozer (1925–2020), Turkish academic and politician
* Hasan Bozer (born 1944), Turkish politician
# Brave (The Shires album)

Brave is the debut studio album by British country music duo The Shires, released in 2015. The album peaked at number ten on the UK Albums Chart, making the Shires the first ever homegrown British country act to have a top ten album in the United Kingdom.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of the deluxe edition of Brave.

### The Shires

* Ben Earle – lead vocals, backing vocals, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, piano, mandolin, pedal steel
* Chrissie Rhodes – lead vocals, background vocals
# Operation Checkmate (Sri Lanka)

Operation Checkmate was an anti-insurgency operation carried out by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the Vadamarachi area of northern Sri Lanka in June 1988. Initiated immediately prior to the elections in the north eastern provinces, the aim of the operation was to destroy the Tigers' capacity to hinder the electoral process, which they had called to boycott.
# Orange moth

Orange moth is a common name for several species of moths and may refer to:
* Angerona prunaria
* Thaumatotibia leucotreta, also known as false codling moth, citrus codling moth, or orange codling moth
* Triodia sylvina, also known as orange swift
# Operation Othona

Operation Othona was a covert operation, gathering intelligence on corruption within the Metropolitan Police Service, set up in 1993. The work and findings of the operation were kept separate from other intelligence gathered by the Metropolitan Police. Nearly all records from the operation were destroyed in 2001 or 2003.
# 2018 European Speed Skating Championships – Men's team sprint

The men's team sprint competition at the 2018 European Speed Skating Championships was held on 7 January 2018.

## Results

The race was started at 17:10.
| Rank | Pair | Lane | Country | Time | Diff |
| | 3 | c | Russia Ruslan Murashov Pavel Kulizhnikov Denis Yuskov | 1:19.38 | |
| | 2 | s | Finland Harri Levo Pekka Koskela Mika Poutala | 1:21.19 | +1.81 |
| | 3 | s | Poland Artur Nogal Piotr Michalski Sebastian Klosinski | 1:21.29 | +1.91 |
| 4 | 2 | c | Norway Bjørn Magnussen Henrik Fagerli Rukke Johann Jørgen Sæves | 1:22.08 | +2.70 |
| | 1 | c | Belarus Eugeny Bolgov Artiom Chaban Vitaly Mikhailov | Did not finish | Did not finish |
| | 1 | s | Netherlands Michel Mulder Hein Otterspeer Koen Verweij | Disqualified | Disqualified |
# Brajkovići, Travnik

Brajkovići is a village in the municipality of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 394.
Ethnicity in 2013 :
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| Croats | 373 | 94.7% |
| Bosniaks | 17 | 4.3% |
| other/undeclared | 4 | 1.0% |
| Total | 394 | 100% |