OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Adriaan Pelt

Adriaan Pelt (8 May 1892, in Koog aan de Zaan – 11 April 1981, in Hermance near Geneva, Switzerland) was a Dutch journalist, international civil servant and diplomat, most famous for drafting the post war constitution of Libya.
As a reporter for the newspaper De Telegraaf he lived during the First World War in London and Paris. There he studied diplomacy at the École Libre des Sciences Politiques. He married a Frenchwoman.
From 1920 to 1940 he worked as an adviser to the League of Nations and from 1934 as head of information. He visited many of the inter-war trouble spots in the world, such as Manchuria and India.
During the Second World War he was head of the Government Press Office, later Netherlands Government Information Service (RVD, Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst now), in London. There he founded the Anep Aneta-on, the free counterpart to the Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) in the occupied territories. He started radio Orange Brandaris broadcasting Dutch programs to the occupied territories using English channels. And he also helped monitor the Dutch Radio news.
In 1945 he went San Francisco with the Dutch delegation to help draft the United Nations Charter. Early 1946 following his election as Under-Secretary-General, under Trygve Lie, he was responsible for UN conferences and general services, and later for European issues.
On 10 December 1949 he was appointed High Commissioner for Libya by the UN. He was the last of the colonial heads of Libya. He brought together the English regions of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, with the French region of Fezzan to form a Libyan state, before its independence on 1 January 1952. He successfully brought together the tribes and peoples from the three regions, they helped with administration and drawing up a constitution.
The mutual distrust of the people who had to form the new state was great. Even so, Pelt timely drafting of a constitution, and on 24 December he transferred state power to King Idris. He returned to the headquarters of the UN, and from 1952 until his retirement in 1957 was director of the European Office of the UN in Geneva.
Adriaan Pelt became very popular in Libya, and a main street in Benghazi is named after him.

## Publications (selection)

* Adrian Pelt: Libyan independence and the United Nations. A case of planned decolonization (Foreword by U Thant). Yale University Press, New Haven, 1970. ISBN 0300012160
* Ismail Raghib Khalidi: Constitutional development in Libya (Foreword by A. Pelt). Beirut, 1956.
# Ännikse Nature Reserve

Ännikse Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Pärnu County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 540 hectares (1,300 acres).
The protected area was founded in 2007 to protect biodiversity in Ännikse, Rauksi and Koeri village (all in Varbla Parish).
# Louis Sebert (politician)

Louis Sebert is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 2015 election. He represented the electoral district of Thebacha until the 2019 election, when he was defeated by Frieda Martselos.
# Stephen Warren

Stephen Warren may refer to:
* Stephen Warren (politician) (1815-1898), member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
* Stephen Warren (astronomer), British astronomer
* Stephen Warren (geneticist) (born 1953), American geneticist
* Stephen Warren, a character in the film Django Unchained
# Perry Lipe

Perry Hamilton Lipe (February 14, 1875 – January 25, 1955 in Irving, Illinois, United States) was a long-time minor league baseball player and manager.
He played from 1898 to 1916, though a statistical record from 1901 to 1916 is all that is available. In that time, the third basemen perennially hit near the Mendoza Line, hitting below .200 at least three times. His highest-known season batting average was .249, which he accomplished with the Macon Brigands in 1905. Although he never played major league baseball, Lipe held the distinction of holding the record for most consecutive games in professional baseball at 1,127, until major leaguer Everett Scott bested the record on September 14, 1923. The streak was accumulated over seven years, 1903 to 1909, with three different teams (Greenville, Mississippi; Macon, Georgia; and Richmond, Virginia). Lipe missed only a single inning - the ninth inning of a game on June 10, 1909 - during the streak.
He managed the Brigands (1906-1907), Richmond Colts (1908-1909), Macon Peaches (1910-1911), Savannah Indians (1912), Savannah Colts (1913 to 1915) and Albany Babies (1916). He led the Richmond Colts (1908) and Savannah Colts (1914) to league championships.
# Venezillo microphthalmus

Venezillo microphthalmus is a species of woodlouse within the family Armadillidae. The species is located in California. It is considered rare on the mainland, although it also has previous records from the Channel Islands. It is believed to be declining in the Bay Area due to undergoing displacement from introduced species.
# Bulbophyllum subaequale

Bulbophyllum subaequale is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Whipple (crater)

Whipple is a lunar impact crater located on the lunar far side near the northern pole. The crater is located East of the prominent craters Byrd and Peary; the latter of which it is located on the rim of.
Whipple is permanently shaded from the Sun. Volatile species of atoms and molecules, such as water (and mercury), that enter the crater freeze, and thus get trapped due to the extremely cold conditions that prevail within the crater. Moreover, Whipple crater's radar signature is characterized by a high, same-sense, circular-polarization ratio (CPR). This is thought to indicate that there are thick—at least 2 metres—ice deposits that are relatively pure. Such ice deposits represent a potentially valuable source of drinkable water, as well as rocket propellant in the form of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LH$_2$/LO$_2$).
In addition, Whipple is next to a large, quasi-permanently sunlit plateau that occupies its north rim. There, the sun is visible nearly 80% of the time on average; the temperature in such quasi-permanently sunlit areas is quite mild by Lunar standards, averaging approximately -50 °C, ± 10°. This combination of permanently shaded, high-CPR crater adjacent to quasi-permanently sunlit plateau is unique in the north polar region of the Moon.
Whipple was adopted and named after American astronomer Fred Lawrence Whipple by the IAU in 2009.
# Castle Bottom to Yateley and Hawley Commons

Castle Bottom to Yateley and Hawley Commons is a 922.7-hectare (2,280-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Fleet in Hampshire. It is part of Thames Basin Heaths Special Protection Area for the conservation of wild birds and an area of 30.8 hectares (76 acres) is designated a national nature reserve called Castle Bottom.
This site of heathland and conifer plantation has an internationally important population of Dartford warbler and populations of two other protected birds, woodlark and nightjar. It also has an outstanding assemblage of dragonflies and damselflies, with 19 out of the 37 British species. Other invertebrates include the nationally rare conopid fly, Myopa fasciata.
# Adriaan Pauw

Adriaan Pauw, knight, heer van Heemstede, Bennebroek, Nieuwerkerk etc. (1 November 1585 – 21 February 1653) was Grand Pensionary of Holland from 1631 to 1636 and from 1651 to 1653.

## Life

He was born in Amsterdam in a rich merchant family; his father, Reynier Pauw wasn't only a merchant, but also a long time Mayor of Amsterdam. Adriaan studied law in Leiden and was the pensionary of Amsterdam from 1611 to 1627. In 1620 he bought a plot in Heemstede and became 'Lord of Heemstede'. He bought a few rare tulips during Tulip Mania and planted them in his garden surrounded by several mirrors positioned strategically to fully reflect the flowers' beauty.
He was appointed grand pensionary in 1631. Pauw, Holland and Amsterdam and there particularly Andries Bicker wanted an alliance with Spain, but Prince Frederick Henry of Orange wanted an alliance with France. Frederick Henry sent Pauw to France to start an alliance against Spain. Pauw accepted this assignment and allied with France. He resigned in 1636 as grand pensionary. After the Peace of Münster (1648) for which he was instrumental as ambassador for Holland Pauw became grand pensionary again in 1651 although there was much opposition against him. He tried to stop a war with England in 1652. He died in 1653.

## Family

Adriaan Pauw was married to Anna van Ruytenburgh (1589–1648), daughter of Pieter van Ruytenburgh, heer van Vlaardingen, Vlaardingerambacht en Ter Horst (1562–1627), a wealthy merchant, and sister of Willem van Ruytenburch. Her mother was Aleyda Huybrechts van Duyvendrecht. Pauw's brother Reinier R. Pauw married to Anna's sister Christina van Ruytenburch (1591-1666).
# Mohammed Dif

Mohammed Dif is a paralympic athlete from Morocco competing mainly in category F46 long jump events.
Mohammed won a silver medal in the long jump at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece.
# Louis Seeger

Louis Seeger (1798–1865) was a German equestrian who published several books and was influential in the development of dressage. Trained under Maximilian Weyrother, his methods were highly influenced by the great François Robichon de la Guérinière. Seeger passed on this knowledge through his riding school in Berlin, the first private school in Germany, where his students included Gustav Steinbrecht.
His book System der Reitkunst ("System of Horsemanship"), published in 1844, received the gold medal. In 1852 he published Herr Baucher und seine Künste - Ein ernstes Wort an Deutschlands Reiter ("Mr. Baucher and His Methods: An Earnest Word to Germany's Rider"), in which he criticized the training techniques of Francois Baucher, after he had watched the French rider and had been given the chance to ride several horses trained by the man.

## Published works

* System der Reitkunst Berlin: Herbig 1844 Full text ("System of Horsemanship")
* Züchtung, Erziehung, Ausbildung des Pferdes im systematischen Zusammenhange Berlin: Herbig 1850. Full text ("Breeding, Training, Schooling of the Horse in a Coherent System")
* Herr Baucher und seine Künste - Ein ernstes Wort an Deutschlands Reiter Berlin: Herbig 1852 Full text ("Mr. Baucher and His Methods: An Earnest Word to Germany's Rider")
# Ramphastides

Ramphastides is an infraorder of the order Piciformes that includes toucans and barbets. Formerly, the barbets have been classified in a single family, the Capitonidae. However, this has turned out to be paraphyletic with regard to toucans, which resulted in the Capitonidae being split into several families.

## Systematics

The Ramphastides contain five extant families. Sometimes, they are treated as the superfamily Ramphastoidea.
* Infraorder Ramphastides
** Megalaimidae - Asian barbets
** Lybiidae - African barbets
** Capitonidae - New World barbets
** Semnornithidae - toucan-barbets
** Ramphastidae - toucans
# Perennial water

Perennial water body usually refers to mainly liquid fresh water, as opposed to sea and glaciers or other ice. Most frequently the term refers to running water (lotic ecosystems) as in perennial streams and large rivers, but the distinction between perennial and non-perennial water is of equal importance in lentic aquatic ecosystems, those that are associated with relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and ponds. Simplistically a perennial water body is one that keeps full or flowing throughout the year for all or most years, but in practice there are degrees and kinds of distinction. The definition is not precise, because most water bodies vary in fullness according to the season, and according to the heaviness of precipitation and other factors during any given year. Also, the water level in many such water bodies as do not actually dry out, may nonetheless drop so drastically that their surface area is greatly reduced. They even may be split into several separate water bodies with dry land between, either arid or covered with vegetation. The internal ecology of such water may differ drastically between periods of drought and deep water. In some cases the seasonal cycle is ecologically important, whereas in other examples exceptional water levels are too rare to be taken routinely into account. There also may be effectively permanent changes; increasingly frequently even large rivers have lost their perennial status under the burden of the human demand for fresh water for purposes of agriculture, industry or the needs of the populations of large cities. The Colorado River for instance has run dry for extended periods in most years since 1960 without reaching the sea. Intermittent or ephemeral streams are those that run dry repeatedly, either seasonally or soon after rain stops. Some definitions of perennial water bodies specifically include those that only are perennial except in years of severe or unusual drought.
Perennial standing (lentic) water is usually called a lake or a pond, but there are several local or dialect English words for such features. Examples include mere, tarn, loch or fen. Each has a special meaning, though modern usage tends to be loose. Vlei is a foreign example that may or may not mean a perennial body of water, but more often than not refers to a seasonal pond.
# Phyllostachys parvifolia

Phyllostachys parvifolia is a running bamboo with thick culms that grow tall for a bamboo that endures cold weather.

## Description

A potential giant even in cooler areas, this bamboo grows with an average height of 7 m (23 ft) reaching up to 12 m (39 ft) or more with a maximum culm diameter of 10 cm (3.9 in). New culms are dark green, paling with age, with a white ring appearing under each node. Branches are short and leaves are small for a bamboo of the genus Phyllostachys. Culm sheath colors of purple-red or brown fade or stripe into light colors of tan or yellow-white further up. Like water bamboo, the rhizomes and roots of this species have air canals as an adaptation for living in wet soil.

## Distribution

This bamboo grows in areas ranging from subtropical to temperate and tolerates winter temperatures down to −21 to −26 °C (−6 to −15 °F) being a more cold hardy bamboo. Its natural distribution in Asia is limited primarily to Zhejiang Province of China, where it is cultivated. Due to difficulties in propagation, availability in cultivation is limited.

## Name

Its common name Anji golden bamboo refers to Anji County of Zhejiang Province. The specific epithet parvifolia means "small-leaved".

## Usage

This species is grown mainly for edible shoots, while the culms have general purpose uses. Harvested moderately early, the shoots are of excellent flavor.
# Carl Jungheim

Carl Jungheim (6 February 1830, Düsseldorf – 6 June 1886, Düsseldorf) was a German landscape painter, associated with the Düsseldorfer Malerschule.

## Biography

From 1847 to 1852, he studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf with Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow and the landscape painter, Johann Wilhelm Schirmer. He then took several study trips to Switzerland, Tyrolia and Italy (1856), where he travelled in the company of his fellow painters, August Leu and Albert Flamm. He initially focused on painting mountain scenes from the Alps and the Harz range. His later work displays a preference for Italian landscapes and shows the influence of Oswald Achenbach.
One of his earliest exhibitions was in 1858 at the Kunstverein in Hamburg [de]. At the 1873 Vienna World's Fair, he was represented with three paintings. He also gave private lessons. Among his notable students were Luise Jansen [de], Marie Egner, Bertha von Grab [de], Wilhelm Degode and the Swiss artist, Friedrich Rudolf von Frisching [de], For the latter part of his life, he was an active member of the artists' association, "Malkasten".
His son, Julius Jungheim [de] also became a well known landscape painter.
# Bundara River

The Bundara River (formerly known as the Bundara Mungee River and the Bundarah River), a perennial river of the North-East Murray catchment of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the East Gippsland and Alpine regions of Victoria, Australia.

## Location and features

The Bundara River rises east of Mount Hotham and Mount Loch in the Australian Alps in the Alpine National Park at an elevation of 1,420 m (4,659 ft), and flows into the Big River about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Anglers Rest. The river flows generally to the east, travelling through the national park for most of its course. About 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Anglers Rest the Omeo Highway crosses over the river, and about 100 metres (330 ft) north of this crossing it reaches its confluence into the Big River at an elevation of 650 m (2,133 ft). The Big River forms its confluences with the Cobungra River just south of this point to form the Mitta Mitta River. The river descends 770 metres (2,530 ft) over its 30-kilometre (19 mi) course.

### Tributaries

Key tributaries of the Bundara River include High Plains Creek, Waterfall Creek, and Tea Tree Creek. The main tributaries flow off the southern slopes of Mount Jim (1,818 m (5,965 ft)), Mount Bundara (1,741 m (5,712 ft)) and Mount Cope (1,837 m (6,027 ft)), and the hills to the east of the main ridge of the Australian Alps.

### River health

The Bundara River and its tributaries are generally protected within the Alpine National Park. Most of the waterways in the Mitta Mitta basin are recognised as being in good to excellent condition. Extensive forest covers much of the catchment area. Despite some land clearing and livestock damage to river banks, the aquatic habitat is generally very good.
The Bundara River is noted as being particularly good for brown trout fishing. The Bundara River is part of the North East Catchment Management Authority's Victorian River Health Program, aimed at achieving healthy rivers.
In early 2003, large areas of forest around the Bundara River and its catchments were severely impacted by the massive Eastern Victorian alpine bushfires. These fires burnt through approximately 13,000 square kilometres (5,000 sq mi) of the area's bushland for close to two months. The damage resulting from the fires impacted river health for some time after the fires.
# Ørje Fortress

Ørje Fortress (Ørje fortene) lies in Marker municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The construction of the fort started in December 1901 and was completed the following year. The fortification guarded the heavily trafficked route through the community of Ørje, which was an important entry point from Sweden.
The fortifications consist of two parts: the northern fort and southern fort. The northern fort (Ørjekollen fort) lay southwest from the Ørje bridge and sluice (Ørje sluser) on the Halden Canal. The southern fort (Lihammeren fort) was at Likollen, 1 km further south. Both were positioned on elevated positions and were armed with four canons. Each of the forts had two 105 mm guns and two 75 mm rapid fire fortification guns.
In accordance with the Karlstad Treaty (Karlstadkonvensjonen), the forts were taken out of service and demolished in 1905. A demilitarized zone was established. The guns were dismounted and relocated to Hegra Fortress in Trøndelag. The site of the northern fort was restored and made accessible to the public in 1991. The area was cleared so that cannon positions and runways are visible.
# Castle Bridge

Castle Bridge is a grade II* listed road bridge in Warwick, Warwickshire, England, which carries the A425 road over the River Avon.
In 1788, the Earl of Warwick, George Greville had obtained an Act of Parliament to build a new bridge over the Avon. The bridge was built between 1790 and 1793, at a cost of around £3,258, some 400 metres east of Warwick Castle. It consists of a single arch made from sandstone.
It replaced an older medieval bridge further downstream, which became known as Old Castle Bridge and is now a ruin.
# Adriaan Poirters

Adriaan Poirters (baptised 2 November 1605, in the Sint-Petrus'-Bandenkerk in Oisterwijk – died 4 July 1674, Mechelen) was a Brabantian Jesuit poet and prose writer who was active in the Counter Reformation.
# Peter Storm

Peter Storm may refer to:
* Peter Storm, the birth name of Swedish actor Peter Stormare
* Peter Storm (clothing), a brand of outdoor clothing
* Peter Storms, Master Commandant of the USS Peacock (1813)
# Stepstone, Kentucky

Stepstone is an unincorporated community on the border of Montgomery County, Kentucky, and Bath County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office closed in 1931, after being open for nearly 50 years.

## Stepstone Railroad

In the Annual Report of the Railroad Commissioners of Kentucky, Volume 30, on November 26, 1908, one mile west of Stepstone, Kentucky., 9:00am, Nelsey Bailey, colored, age 14, single, while attempting to board extra 222 west, freight train, fell under the train, was run over and fatally injured. He later died at 1:30pm on the same day.
# Extreme cold

Extreme cold may refer to:
* Extreme cold weather
* Absolute zero, the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale
* Temperatures used in flash freezing
* Temperatures used in cryogenics
# Tianxian

Tianxian may refer to these towns in Sichuan, China:
* Tianxian, Luzhou
* Tianxian, Shehong
# Bulbophyllum sect. Kinethrix

Bulbophyllum sect. Kinethrix is a section of the genus Bulbophyllum.

## Description

Species in this section with creeping rhizomes that have laterally flattened pseudobulbs with two leaves.

## Distribution

Plants from this section are found in Madagascar.

## Species

Bulbophyllum section Kinethrix comprises the following species:
| Name | Distribution | Elevation (m) |
| Bulbophyllum alexandrae Schltr. 1925 | Madagascar | 700–2,000 metres (2,300–6,600 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum anjozorobeense Bosser 2000 | Madagascar | 900–1,200 metres (3,000–3,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum cylindrocarpum Frapp. ex Cordem. 1895 | Madagascar & Reunion | 1,500–1,800 metres (4,900–5,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum edentatum H.Perrier 1937 | Madagascar | 1,100–1,800 metres (3,600–5,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum erythroglossum Bosser 2000 | Madagascar | 900–1,100 metres (3,000–3,600 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum horizontale Bosser 1965 | Madagascar | 900 metres (3,000 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum imerinense Schltr. 1925 | Madagascar | 1,000–1,300 metres (3,300–4,300 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum jeanbosseri Gamisch & Hermans 2021 | Madagascar | 900–1,700 metres (3,000–5,600 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum lemurense Bosser & P.J.Cribb 1999 | Madagascar | 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum mirificum Schltr. 1918 | Madagascar | |
| Bulbophyllum multiligulatum H.Perrier 1937 | Madagascar | 1,000–1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 ft) |
| Bulbophyllum reflexiflorum H.Perrier 1937 | Madagascar | 2,000–2,400 metres (6,600–7,900 ft) |
# Ørland BK

Ørland Ballklubb is a Norwegian sports club from Brekstad, Sør-Trøndelag. It has sections for association football and team handball.
The club was founded on 18 January 1994 as a cooperation team between Opphaug IL, Brekstad BK and IL Yrjar.
The men's football team currently plays in the Fifth Division, the sixth tier of Norwegian football. It had a stint in the 3. divisjon in the early 1990s, until 1994.
Players who started their career there include Jo Tessem, Kjell Rune Sellin and Sivert Solli.
# Adelaide of Forcalquier

Adelaide of Forcalquier (11th-century - after 1129) was a suo jure reigning countess of Forcalquier from 1110 to 1129.
She was the daughter of William Bertrand of Provence. She married Ermengol IV, Count of Urgell.