OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nickel Directive

The Nickel Directive was a European Union directive regulating the use of nickel in jewellery and other products that come into contact with the skin. Since 1 June 2009, it has been subsumed into the REACH Regulation, specifically item 27 of Annex XVII to that regulation. Nevertheless, the term Nickel Directive is still used to refer to the restrictions on nickel usage and the prescribed test method for quantifying nickel release from products EN 1811.
Allergy to nickel is a common cause of contact dermatitis, with roughly 10% of the population in Western Europe and North America being sensitive to nickel. Initial sensitisation frequently occurs from jewellery such as ear studs and other body piercings, and nickel allergy is more prevalent among women than men. Once sensitised, an individual can develop contact dermatitis from shorter term contact with nickel-containing products: this is a particular problem given the use of nickel in coinage, such as the European one- and two-euro coins and the Canadian five-cent piece. This led to moves by two European countries to prevent the initial sensitisation of jewellery wearers by limiting the use of nickel in piercing studs and other products which are in prolonged contact with the skin, and then to the European Union Nickel Directive in 1994.
The Nickel Directive imposes limits on the amount of nickel that may be released from jewellery and other products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. These limits, known as migration limits, are:
* 0.2 μg/cm$^2$/week for post assemblies which are inserted into pierced ears and other pierced parts of the human body;
* 0.5 μg/cm$^2$/week for other products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin.
Nickel release is measured by a test method known as EN 1811, which involves placing the object in an artificial sweat solution for one week, then measuring nickel by atomic absorption spectroscopy or any other appropriate technique (e.g. ICP-MS). Other, equivalent test methods may also be accepted. Wear and corrosion can be simulated by a method known as EN 12472.
# WTA

WTA may refer to:

## Organizations

* Washington Trails Association
* Whatcom Transportation Authority
* Waskahegan Trail Association, the management board for the Waskahegan Trail
* Water Transit Authority, former name of the San Francisco Bay Area Water Emergency Transportation Authority
* Whatcom Transportation Authority, a bus agency in Washington State, USA
* Wichita Terminal Association, a railroad
* Wisconsin Towns Association
* Women's Tennis Association
* World Transhumanist Association, former name of Humanity+

## Other uses

* Wall teichoic acid, teichoic acids that are covalently bound to peptidoglycan in bacteria
* Warcop Training Area, a UK Ministry of Defence military training area, Cumbria, North West England
* Weapon target assignment problem
* Willingness to accept
* Winner takes all (disambiguation)
# WTKS

WTKS may refer to:
* WTKS-FM, a radio station (104.1 FM) licensed to Cocoa Beach, Florida, United States
* WTKS (AM), a radio station (1290 AM) licensed to Savannah, Georgia, United States
* WBBF, a radio station (1120 AM) licensed to Buffalo, New York, which held the call sign WTKS from 1987 to 1988
* WMMJ, a radio station (102.3 FM) licensed to Bethesda, Maryland, which held the call sign WTKS from 1983 to 1987
# Ecuador at the 2021 Summer World University Games

Ecuador competed at the 2021 Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China held from 28 July to 8 August 2023.

## Competitors

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Taekwondo | 1 | 1 | 2 |

## Taekwondo
### Kyorugi

| Athlete | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarter-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Opponent score | Rank |
| Mell Mina | Women's 67 kg | Bye | Sobirjonova (UZB) W 2–0 | Haddad (FRA) L 1–2 | Did not advance | Did not advance | 5 |

### Poomsae

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | Preliminary | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank |
| Andee Campos | Men's individual | 6.710 | 8 | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance | Did not advance |
# Camp Houlton

Camp Houlton was a United States prisoner-of-war camp that operated from October 1944 to May 1946 at the former Houlton Army Air Base in Houlton, Maine.
The camp was used to house more than 1,100 German prisoners-of-war during World War II. Some of the prisoners were allowed to work on local farms. They received scrip for their efforts, which could be redeemed for goods at the camp store.
The site is now Houlton International Airport.
# USS Fair American

USS Fair American was a United States Navy schooner which served in the War of 1812, taking part in several engagements on Lake Ontario.
The vessel was bought in October 1812 at Oswego, New York, from Jacob Townsend, and was based along with the rest of her squadron at Sackets Harbor, New York, during the winter of 1812–1813 under the command of Lieutenant Isaac Chauncey, after which she supported land operations around Lake Ontario, including the landing of General Henry Dearborn's force of 1,700 troops resulting in the capture of York (now Toronto) on 27 April 1813.
In 1814, the ship was converted into a transport and used to ferry supplies and troops. With the conclusion of the war, the ship was sold at Sacketts Harbor on 16 May 1815.
# Chafik Bouaoud

Chafik Bouaoud (born 12 February 1999) is an Algerian sports shooter. He competed in the men's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
# Norton Water Tower

Norton Water Tower is a water tower in Norton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

## History

It was built between 1888 and 1892 on the water pipeline between Lake Vyrnwy in North Wales and Liverpool to act as a balancing reservoir in the process of supplying water to Runcorn and Liverpool. Water is carried to Liverpool through a tunnel 10 feet (3 m) wide under the River Mersey. It is the largest UK tromboned pressure relief device currently in operation. The tower was designed by George F. Deacon, the Chief Engineer of the Liverpool Corporation Waterworks Department.

## Description

It is built in red sandstone in the shape of a cylinder 99 feet (30 m) high with a diameter of 82 feet (25 m). On its top is a cast iron tank with a capacity of 650,000 gallons. Ten pilasters rise from a rock-faced base and between them are round-headed arches. Above these is a frieze with a Latin inscription and over this is a cornice. On the top is the iron tank with a decorated exterior. Translated, the inscription on the frieze reads:
   This water, derived from the sources of the Severn, is brought to the City of Liverpool, a distance of eighty miles, through the mountains and over the plains of Wales and the intervening country, at the cost of the municipality, in the year of Our Lord 1892.
# William Brockman (MP)

William Brockman (c. 1658 – by 1742), of Beachborough, Kent, was an English Member of Parliament (MP). He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Hythe 1690 to 1695.
# Wallat

Wallat is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Hans Wallat (1929–2014), German conductor
* Paul Wallat (1879–1964), German landscape artist, draftsman and sculptor
* Stefan Wallat (born 1987), German rower
# Beuster

Beuster is a village and a former municipality in the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Seehausen.
* This Stendal district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Cherette

Cherette is a communal section in the Saint Louis du Sud commune of the Aquin Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.
# Tucker B's

Tucker B's are an Australian band, originally from Perth, but based in Sydney since 2005.

## History

The Tucker B's were formed at the end of 1994 by Matt Rudas and Andrew Houston, performing their first gig together at the Harbourside in Fremantle. In 1995, with the addition of Sean Pezzali, they released a tape called Pipo Karna Eh. Arm A Drunk was released in 1997; shortly afterwards, drummer Sean Pezzali left to work in Australia's north.
In 2003, with the addition of Darren Nuttall and Tim Day, the Tucker B's released Bish Bosh II: The Bosh Bosh through Quietly Suburban Records. The band toured the album extensively throughout Australia. This schedule took its toll, with Tim Day leaving the band, to be replaced by Matthew Maguire from Adam Said Galore.
In 2005 the band moved to Sydney and released their fourth studio album, Chubby, which spawned a hit single with "The Turning" on high rotation on Triple J and "Bullets" not far behind. In 2007, Matt Blackman (Purplene, Charge Group, Palace of Fire) took up the role of drummer for the band (the eighth drummer the band has had).
In 2009 they released their latest album, Nightmares in the Key of (((((Wow))))), which was produced by Burke Reid (The Mess Hall, The Drones) and features contributions from Chris Ross (Wolfmother, Palace of Fire).

## Touring

The Tucker B's have played many shows in Perth supporting artists including Bluetile Lounge, Molasses, O!, Squadcar 9x, Adam Said Galore, Jon Spencer and his Blues Explosion, Trans Am, and in the Eastern States supporting Peabody, Art of Fighting, Dappled Cities Fly, and the Mountain Goats and Wolfmother among others.
The Tucker B's have also played at the South By Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas, complete with an extensive tour of the United States. This was followed in 2006 by a national tour supporting Wolfmother.
In 2007 The Tucker B's performed at the Sydney leg of the Big Day Out and at Homebake.

## Members
### Current

* Andrew Houston — bass, vocals (1994–present)
* Matt Rudas — guitar, vocals (1994–present)
* Darren Nuttall — guitar, vocals (2000–present)
* Matt Blackman — drums (2006–present)
* Brent Griffin (Spod); keyboards (live 2009–present)

### Former

* Rick Bryant — guitar
* Reid Butler — drums (2005–06)
* Nikolai Danko — drums (2006)
* Tim Day — drums (2003)
* Horrie Gauze — drums
* Damien Gill — saxophone
* Michael Lake — guitar
* Matt Maguire — drums (2003–05)
* Sean Pezzali — drums (1994–1997)
* Daniel Spittles — drums

## Discography
### Chubby — Pompous/Inertia/Remote Control (2005)

* The Turning
* Oh Problem
* Yes No Authority
* Forget all these F**kss
* The Legs
* Nothing Can Touch Me Now You
* Bish Bosh II: The Bosh Bosh
* Undisciplined
* Bullets
* Suss Services
* Lord We Are Your Playlord
# Wat Aranyik

Wat Aranyik may refer to:
* Wat Aranyik, Phitsanulok, a historic temple in Phitsanulok, Thailand
* Wat Aranyik, Sukhothai, ruins of a 13th-century temple in Sukhothai, Thailand
# Tudor Vladimirescu (disambiguation)

Tudor Vladimirescu (c. 1780 – 1821) was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary hero.
Tudor Vladimirescu may also refer to:
* Tudor Vladimirescu, Brăila, a commune in Brăila County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, Galați, a commune in Galați County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Albeşti Commune, Botoşani County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Avrămeni Commune, Botoşani County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Perișoru Commune, Călăraşi County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Mogoșești-Siret Commune, Iaşi County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Salcia Commune, Teleorman County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a village in Băneasa Commune, Constanţa County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a district in the town of Corabia, Olt County, Romania
* Tudor Vladimirescu, a district in the municipality of Tulcea, Tulcea County, Romania
# Water torch

Water torch can mean:
* Water torch, an oxyhydrogen torch whose gas supply is generated immediately by electrolysis of water
* The water plant Typha latifolia, because its stems when soaked in oil make good burning torches

## Distinguish from

* A diver's underwater torch (flashlight) (or a magnesium torch in the 1950s and 1960s).
* An oxy-gas torch designed to be used underwater.
# Water trail

Water trails (also known as blueways) are marked routes on navigable waterway such as rivers, lakes, canals, and coastlines for recreational use. They allow access to waterways for non-motorized boats and sometimes motorized vessels, inner tubes, and other craft. Water trails not only require suitable access points and take-outs for exit but also provide places ashore to camp and picnic or other facilities for boaters.
Water trails may be in public or private waters. In the United States, many water trails are assisted by the National Park Service. Local statutes may apply to landowners who steward water trails and the boaters who use them.
Much of the Trans Canada Trail will be a network of water trails open to canoes and other small vessels.
Recreational use of water trails is a form of ecotourism sometimes called "paddle tourism".
Notable water trails and blueways include:
* Allagash Wilderness Waterway
* Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail
* Lake Michigan National Water Trail from Chicago to New Buffalo, Michigan
* Maine Island Trail
* Northern Forest Canoe Trail
* Ohio River Water Trail
* Red Rock Water Trail
* San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail
* Shiawassee River Heritage Water Trail
* Tennessee River Blueway
* Tip of The Thumb Heritage Water Trail
# Tulipa pulchella

Tulipa pulchella (syn. Tulipa humilis Herb.) is a dwarf species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, native to Iran and Turkey. It grows from a bulb 1–2 cm diameter, which produces a flowering stem up to 20 cm tall. The leaves are glaucous-green, 10–15 cm long. The flowers are reddish-purple, with six tepals 3 cm long and 1.5 cm broad.

## Cultivation

In the early 19th century it was introduced to Europe, where a small number of cultivars are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. These include 'Persian Pearl' (purple inside, red outside), 'Eastern Star' (magenta with yellow base), and 'Obalisque' (red inside, purple out). Varieties include var. violacea (purple with black base).
# Ellen P. Reese

Ellen P. Reese (August 30, 1926 – April 2, 1997) was the Norma Cutts Dafoe professor of psychology at Mount Holyoke College until 1994.
She received her B.A. in psychology from Mount Holyoke in 1948 and her M.A. in 1954. The Ellen P. Reese Grants for Faculty/Student Research has been established in her name. In 1997 Mount Holyoke held a conference dedicated entirely to her memory.

## Awards

Reese was honored in 1986 by the American Psychological Association (APA) with the Distinguished Contribution to Education in Psychology Award. In 1992, the APA included her in a list of the 100 most important women in psychology.
# Tulikoira

Tulikoira is the nineteenth album recorded by the Finnish experimental rock band Circle. Released on CD in 2005 by Ektro Records, the album has the band incorporating elements of both drone music and black metal into the krautrock sound of previous albums like Prospekt. Proclaiming themselves the "New Wave of Finnish Heavy Metal", in honour of the new wave of British heavy metal movement, Circle here made explicit their long-held love of 1970s and 1980s heavy metal music. A re-release by Headspin Records in 2007 has a bonus 7" containing material from the band's Earthworm EP recorded with the American singer Bruce Duff. Both songs were re-released on the 2008 album Hollywood which also has Duff on vocals.

## Personnel

* Mika Rättö - vocals, keyboards
* Tomi Leppänen - drums
* Janne Westerlund - guitars
* Jussi Lehtisalo - bass guitar
* Janne Tuomi - percussion
* Tuomas Laurila - tapes
* Jani Viitanen - special guitar
# Tulketh Priory

Tulketh Priory was a priory in Ashton-on-Ribble, Lancashire, England. The priory was the home of a group of Cistercian monks from Savigny Abbey in Normandy until they moved to Furness Abbey in 1127. Tulketh Hall was later built on the site of the priory.
# Paravendia

Paravendia is an extinct genus of proarticulate vendiamorph that lived in the Ediacaran period, about 553 million years ago. It shares the Vendiidae family with Vendia and Karakhtia. It is a monotypic genus, with the species Paravendia janae.

## Description

It is an animal that presents 'bilateral' symmetry, similar in appearance to the previously mentioned genus Vendia , with new isomers replacing the older ones.

## Distribution

Ediacaran of the Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk).
# Paravelleda orientalis

Paravelleda orientalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1956.
# Elvire Adjamonsi

Elvire Adjamonsi (born February 18, 1971) is a Beninese filmmaker, actor, journalist and cultural developer. She is known for her documentary films and for her work in creating and managing film festivals and cultural institutions across Africa.

## Biography

Adjamonsi was born in Benin, and completed her BA in Visual communication at the Pan African Institute for Development (IPD) in Burkina Faso. She made her first documentary film shortly after finishing her studies. De l'eau toute l'année (Water All Year) is a 26-minute film about the mini-dams in Burkina Faso. Her script, "BIDOSSESSI", won second place in the APROMEDIA competition, held in collaboration with Alliance Française de Bangui. The script was selected in 2004 to participate in the Sud Ecriture development workshop in Morocco and Tunisia, which is supported by the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée, and the Hubert Balls Foundation.
In 2010 she wrote her first short, La Maudite (The Accursed), which was screened at the first Francophone Film Festival in Atakpamé (Togo), and then another short, Cica la petite Sorcière (Cica the Little Witch). She then created another documentary film, TOLEGBA, about the Beninise god of the same name, who is considered to be a demon, and yet protects the people.
Adjamonsi participated in several television series as an actor, the best-known of which are "Un tour de vis" and "Baobab", which were broadcast across Africa. She also worked as an assistant director on Channel 2 (La Chaîne 2) in Benin.
In addition to her film work, Adjamonsi began working as a journalist and graphic designer. She has worked for various publications, including the French magazine of African culture, Afiavi Magazine, and several Beninese newspaper, including Le Progrès, l'Aurore, Fraternité, and Le Béninois.
Adjamonsi is best-known for her work in cultural development, particularly in French-speaking countries with little to no government support for culture. She has founded and managed film, theater and music festivals, including: LAGUNIMAGE (Benin, 2000), Les Journées Théâtrales en Campagne (Pointe-Noire, 2003–2004); Le Ngombi (Bangui, 2001); FITHEB (Benin, 2006); NSANGU NDJINDJI (Pointe-Noire, 2008); FITHA (Ivory Coast), RCG (Kinshasa); Wedbinde à Kaya (Burkina Faso); JOUTHEC (Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazza) and @fricourt. In 2016, she organized a puppet theater festival and a street art festival. In addition, Adjamonsi works with orchestras, theater companies, cultural institutions, production companies, and broadcast authorities. Her goal is to make Africa into a world hub of arts and culture.
# 2012 in Chad

Events in the year 2012 in Chad.

## Incumbents

* President: Idriss Déby
* Prime Minister: Emmanuel Nadingar

## Events
### January

* January 11 – Senegal denies Chad's request to extradite former dictator Hissène Habré to Belgium for sentencing.

### May

* May 17 – The World Bank approves $34 million to boost food production in the agricultural and livestock sectors of the Chadian economy.

### July

* July 24 – Dozens of elephants are slaughtered by poachers in southwestern Chad.

### August

* August 3 – President Déby sends troops to find and capture poachers following the previous month's poaching incident.

### October

* October 12 – The United Nations Human Rights Council begins to move refugees from the Central African Republic from Chad to new sites after floods.
# Tung Chung River

The Tung Chung River is a river on Lantau Island, Hong Kong. It is designated by the governmental Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department as one of the "Ecologically Important Streams" within the territory. It is 4.31 km in length.

## Ecology

According to the University of Hong Kong, the Tung Chung River is home to more than 20 species of fish, including the Beijiang Thick-lipped Bard (Acrossocheilus beijiangensis), a species of conservation concern internationally.
Rare tree species including those in the genera of Exbucklandia, Magnolia and Illicium are also present in the river area. A part of the river catchment at the upper course has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).

## History
### Illegal Excavation for Hong Kong Disneyland project

In 2003, a 330-metre section of this Ecologically Important Stream near Shek Mun Kap was found damaged by unauthorised excavations. It was later revealed that the boulders illegally excavated from this river were used by a subcontractor to build Hong Kong Disneyland. About 400 tonnes of the boulders were brought to Penny's Bay to create an artificial lake as part of the development of the adjacent Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. The government jailed the chairman of village interest group Tung Chung Rural Committee along with several others for this illegal activity.

## Current situation

The government has touted this river as a potential eco-tourism area, but in a recent survey in 2021, over 90 per cent of respondents thought that the government should "conserve the river and its estuary by restoring damaged areas, setting up conservation areas and restricting the number of tourists", according to a local media outlet.
# Turbonilla truncatelloides

Turbonilla truncatelloides is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
# Shhh (film)

Shhh is a 1975 American comedy film directed by Paul B. Price and starring Rita Moreno and Robert Sacchi. The film was released in the United States on October 10, 1975, by United Artists.

## Plot

Seven short films, including the prize-winning Skaterdater, are packaged in this feature-length omnibus, with a framing device depicting a man and woman on a first date watching the shorts in a theatre.

## Cast

* Rita Moreno
* Robert Sacchi
# Elmer, Minnesota

Elmer is an unincorporated community in Elmer Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The community is located near Meadowlands at the intersection of County Road 199 (Elmer Road) and County Road 193 (Bailey Road).
Saint Louis County Highway 5, County Highway 133, and Meadowlands Trunk Road are all in the vicinity. The Saint Louis River is nearby.