OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bükkábrány mummified forest

The Bükkábrány mummified forest is a 2007 paleontological discovery in northeastern Hungary of sixteen well-preserved swamp cypress (Taxodium) trunks of Miocene age which were found in an open pit lignite mine 60 meters underground near the town of Bükkábrány. The trunks, about six metres high and two to three metres in diameter, were cased in sand about eight million years ago, preserving their wood without fossilization. The find is unique in Europe, since trees this old have never been found in their original state and original place before.
The cypresses were 30 to 40 meters high and 300 to 400 years old when they died during the Miocene period, when this region was partially covered by the shallow Pannonian Sea with marshy shorelines creating habitat for swamp cypresses. The trees were covered by a sandstorm up to a height of 6 meters, and their trunks were preserved intact.
Because of the non-fossilized state of the trees, dendrochronology tests can be done, and scientists can gain insight into the climate changes of the period when the trees lived. Their non-fossilized state also makes the trees very vulnerable to external conditions such as air and sunlight, so it was with precautions and the strictest security measures that the cypresses were transported, four to the Ottó Herman Museum in county seat Miskolc in northeast Hungary on August 8, 2007, and the rest to the visitor's centre of the Bükk National Park in Ipolytarnóc. During transportation the trees were drenched with water in order to preserve them. It is likely that not all of the trunks can be preserved since some of them have already decayed, and only their shucks remain, filled with sand.
The preservation process can last up to 4 years and will cost about 200 million forints (800,000 euros).

## Sources

* ↑ "Ancient forest found in Hungary". August 12, 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
* 1 2 Archaeologists discover 8-million-year-old forest in Hungary, Yahoo News
* 1 2 3 "Reggel – Megmenekülhetnek a ciprusok" [Cypresses can be saved] (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
# 2024 European Parliament election in Veneto

The European Parliament election of 2024 took place in Italy on 8–9 June 2024.
In Veneto, in a huge reversal from the previous election in 2019, the Brothers of Italy came first with 37.6% of the vote, followed by the Democratic Party (18.9%) and the League (13.2%), represented by the Venetian League in the region.

## Results

| Party | Party | Votes | % |
| | Brothers of Italy | 774,624 | 37.6 |
| | Democratic Party | 389,053 | 18.9 |
| | Lega | 271,142 | 13.2 |
| | Forza Italia–Us Moderates | 176,891 | 8.6 |
| | Greens and Left Alliance | 125,487 | 6.1 |
| | Five Star Movement | 99,866 | 4.8 |
| | Action | 84,580 | 4.1 |
| | United States of Europe | 65,992 | 3.2 |
| | Peace Land Dignity | 41,868 | 2.0 |
| | Freedom | 17,635 | 0.9 |
| | South Tyrolean People's Party | 7,418 | 0.4 |
| | Popular Alternative | 6,632 | 0.3 |
| Total | Total | 2,061,188 | 100.00 |
Source: Ministry of the Interior
# Byron Bay Red Devils

The Byron Bay Red Devils are an Australian rugby league football team based in Byron Bay, New South Wales.
Their senior grades play in the Northern Rivers Regional Rugby League, while the junior teams play in Group 18 Rugby League
# Butchertown, Casey County, Kentucky

Butchertown is an unincorporated community in Casey County, Kentucky, United States.
# William Hunt (Archdeacon of Bath)

William Hunt (c. 1669 – c. 1733) was the Archdeacon of Bath from 31 December 1711 until his death.

## Education

Hunt was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon (now Abingdon School), and was later scholar and fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford.

## Career

He was Canon of Wells and Archdeacon of Bath from 1711 to 1733.
Church of England titles :
| Preceded byWilliam Clement | Archdeacon of Bath 1711–1733 | Succeeded byLawson Huddleston |
# Meda, Oregon

Meda is an unincorporated community on the Little Nestucca River in Tillamook County, Oregon, United States. It was named in memory of an English woman. Its post office was established on May 11, 1887, with Wallace Yates first of six more postmasters to come. The post office was closed from 1892 to 1915 before resuming service for five more years.
# William Pratt (priest)

William Pratt (1732–1770) was an Anglican priest in Ireland.
Pratt was born in Northamptonshire, the son of the Rev. David Pratt of Plumton, and was educated at Wadham College, Oxford. He was the Dean of Cloyne from 1769 until his death a year later.
In 1763, at Bandon, County Cork, Pratt preached a sermon to the Friendly Brothers of St Patrick, an Irish fraternity. on Benevolence and Friendship. It was published in Cork.
# William Pratt Feth

William Pratt Feth (1866–1959) and Myron K. Feth were architects in Kansas. A number of their works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.
The Nathaniel H. Burt House by William P. Feth is significant both for its association with the Burt family, an "industrial family", and also for its association with architect Feth, "who designed the dwelling incorporating characteristics of two American architects of the period, H. H. Richardson and Richard Morris Hunt."
Works include (with attribution):
* AXA Building, (built 1905), 205 S. 5th St. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William B.), NRHP-listed
* Nathaniel H. Burt House, 400 Fifth Ave. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William P.), NRHP-listed
* First Presbyterian Church, Leavenworth, 407 Walnut St. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William Pratt), NRHP-listed
* Leavenworth County Courthouse, 300 Walnut St. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William), NRHP-listed
* Nazareth Convent and Academy, 13th and Washington Sts. Concordia, Kansas (Feth, William P.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in Arch Street Historic District, roughly bounded by Arch, Pine, S. Second and S. Third Sts. Leavenworth, KS (Feth, William Pratt), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in North Broadway Historic District, along N. Broadway bet. Seneca and Ottawa Sts. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William Pratt), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in South Esplanade Historic District, roughly bounded by Arch, Olive and S. Second Sts and RR Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, Myron K.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in Third Avenue Historic District, roughly bounded by 2nd and Aves. and Congress and Middle Sts Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, Myron K.), NRHP-listed
* One or more works in Union Park Historic District, roughly bounded by Chestnut, Congress, S. 6th and W. 7th Sts. Leavenworth, Kansas (Feth, William Pratt), NRHP-listed
# William Pratt Graham

William Pratt Graham (November 24, 1871 – January 10, 1962) was an electrical engineering professor and the sixth chancellor of Syracuse University. Graham was the first alumnus of Syracuse as well as the first non-clergyman to hold that position.

## Biography

Graham was born to Jerome Bonaparte Graham, a veteran of the Civil War, and Sylvia Aurelia Graham in Oswego, New York. Graham entered Syracuse University as an undergraduate in 1889 and graduated in 1893 before pursuing postgraduate work at the University of Berlin, graduating with a Doctor of Philosophy in 1897. He joined the faculty of Syracuse as an electrical engineering professor in 1898, after spending the intervening period studying the subject at Technische Universität Darmstadt, and he was made dean of the College of Applied Science in 1912. Graham served as the vice-chancellor to Charles Wesley Flint before succeeding him as chancellor in 1937, a position Graham intended to hold only until a successor was found. Graham retired from the university in 1942 when William Pearson Tolley was elected chancellor. He died in Syracuse, New York in 1962.
# William Pratt

William or Billy Pratt may refer to:
* William Abbott Pratt (1818–1879), American photographer
* William B. Pratt (1935–2019), American physician and politician
* William Pratt (MP for Southwark), English politician
* William Henry Pratt, real name of actor Boris Karloff
* William Pratt (born 1609), ancestor of the Pratt-Romney family
* William Pratt (rugby league) (1932–2009), English rugby league footballer of the 1950s for Leeds, and Halifax
* William K. Pratt, American educator, businessman, and author
* William V. Pratt (1869–1957), admiral in the United States Navy
* William Pratt (cricketer) (1895–1974), English cricketer
* William Dymock Pratt (1854–1916), English architect
* William Pratt (businessman) (1928–1999), Canadian businessman
* Billy Pratt (footballer, born 1872) (1872–?), English football winger for Small Heath from 1889 to 1892
* Billy Pratt (footballer, born 1874) (1874–?), English football full-back for Small Heath from 1894 to 1902
* Spike (Buffy the Vampire Slayer), a character from television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
# William M. Gouge

William M. Gouge (1796 – 1863) was an American economist who published A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States, an 1833 treatise that advocated for hard money policies. Following the publication of his treatise, Gouge emerged as an important figure in the presidential administrations of Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, and he played a major role in the creation of the Independent Treasury system. Historian Sean Wilentz writes that, "if anyone was the intellectual architect of Jacksonian economic policy after 1832, it was the Philadelphia radical William Gouge".

## Career

Gouge worked as an editor of the Philadelphia Gazette until 1831, gaining a reputation as an expert on the American monetary system. In 1829, Gouge joined several members of the Working Men's Party and some other Philadelphians in publishing an influential report that claimed that banks "laid the foundation of artificial inequality of wealth, and, thereby, artificial inequality of power." In 1833, Gouge published A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States, arguing that banks had a tendency to issue too many bank notes, thereby triggering speculative booms and contributing to inequality. He further held that only precious metals could serve as currency, since, according to Gouge, precious metals were the lone medium of exchange with appropriate levels of both intrinsic value and scarcity. He thus advocated for the abolition of all paper money, starting with bills of smaller denominations. According to historian Paul Conkin, Gouge's treatise was the "most widely read book on serious economic issues" in U.S. history prior to the publication of Progress and Poverty in 1879. It was also republished in Britain by William Cobbett and in Canada by William Lyon Mackenzie.
A Short History of Paper Money Banking in the United States was well-received by members of President Andrew Jackson's administration. At the behest of Vice President Martin Van Buren and Senator Thomas Hart Benton, Gouge was appointed to a clerkship in the United States Department of Treasury. Along with Condy Raguet, Gouge proposed the creation of an independent treasury system, whereby the federal government would store its funds as specie in government-controlled vaults, rather than relying on state banks or the national bank. Influenced by this proposal, President Van Buren (who took office following the 1836 presidential election) called for the establishment of the Independent Treasury, and Congress approved it in June 1840. The Independent Treasury system was abolished in 1841 following Van Buren's defeat in the 1840 presidential election, but the system was revived in 1846 and remained in place until the passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913.
# William Raoul Reagle Transue

William Raoul Reagle Transue (January 31, 1937 – December 17, 2008) was an American mathematician and topologist. He is the son of mathematician William Reagle Transue and Monique Serpette who moved from her native France to the US in 1936. Bill, as he was known, earned his bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1958, and his Ph.D. in mathematics from The University of Georgia in 1967 under Billy Joe Ball. He was a professor of mathematics at Auburn University from 1967 until his retirement over 30 years later.
# William Stallings

William Stallings is an American author. He has written computer science textbooks on operating systems, computer networks, computer organization, and cryptography.

## Early life

Stallings earned his B.S. in electrical engineering from University of Notre Dame and his PhD in computer science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Career

He maintains a website titled Computer Science Student Resource. He has authored 17 titles, and counting revised editions, a total of over 40 books on these subjects. He has been a technical contributor, technical manager, and an executive with several high-technology firms. He works as an independent consultant whose clients have included computer and networking manufacturers and customers, software development firms, and leading-edge government research institutions.

## Recognition

He was awarded Computer Science textbook of the year from the Text and Academic Authors Association three times.

## Books

* Computer Organization and Architecture
* Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice
* Data and Computer Communications
* Operating Systems - Internals and Design Principles
* Wireless Communications & Networks
* Computer Security: Principles and Practice
* Local and Metropolitan Area Networks
* Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards
* Business Data Communications - Infrastructure, Networking and Security
# William Stairs

William Stairs is the name of:
* William Grant Stairs (1863–1892), Canadian-British soldier and explorer of Africa
* William James Stairs (1819–1906), Canadian merchant, banker, politician
* William J. Stairs (born 1956), Canadian political consultant
* William Machin Stairs (1789–1865), Canadian merchant, banker and statesman
# 2024 Grand Est Open 88

The 2024 Grand Est Open 88 was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the seventeenth edition of the tournament, and part of the 2024 WTA 125 tournaments. It took place in Contrexéville, France between 8 and 14 July 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| ARG | Nadia Podoroska | 65 | 1 |
| FRA | Varvara Gracheva | 70 | 2 |
| EGY | Mayar Sherif | 78 | 3 |
| ITA | Lucia Bronzetti | 81 | 4 |
| BRA | Laura Pigossi | 110 | 5 |
| COL | Emiliana Arango | 122 | 6 |
| NED | Suzan Lamens | 138 | 7 |
| FRA | Elsa Jacquemot | 151 | 8 |
| CRO | Lucija Ćirić Bagarić | 167 | 9 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 1 July 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Audrey Albié
* Amandine Hesse
* Jenny Lim
* Margaux Rouvroy
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Diana Martynov
* Amandine Monnot
* Conny Perrin
* Elena Pridankina
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Gao Xinyu
* Iryna Shymanovich
* Caroline Werner

## Doubles main-draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| TPE | Wu Fang-hsien | CHN | Zhang Shuai | 111 | 1 |
| GEO | Oksana Kalashnikova | | Iryna Shymanovich | 152 | 2 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 1 July 2024.

## Champions
### Singles

* Lucia Bronzetti def. Mayar Sherif 6–4, 6–7$^{(4–7)}$, 7–5

### Doubles

* Oksana Kalashnikova / Iryna Shymanovich def. Wu Fang-hsien / Zhang Shuai 5–7, 6–3, [10–7]
# William Perley

William Perley may refer to:
* William Goodhue Perley, Canadian businessman and member of the House of Commons of Canada
* William E. Perley, farmer, lumberman and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada
* William Dell Perley, farmer and politician from western Canada
# William Perrin (convict)

William Henry Perrin (1831–1903) was a convict transported to colonial Western Australia, who later became one of the colony's ex-convict school teachers.
Born in the United Kingdom in 1831, Perrin was married with two children, and working as a grocer's clerk, when he was convicted of rape and sentenced to fifteen years' transportation. He arrived in Western Australia on board Palmerston in February 1861, and received his ticket of leave the following year. He was employed by the Dempster family at their Wongamine farm, and later purchased a small block of land on the boundary of their estate.
In 1868, Perrin began teaching a small class of children there. The following year he received a government grant of 0.81 hectares (2 acres) for a school site, and a small schoolhouse was built. He was officially appointed a government schoolmaster in 1871, and later that year he married Elizabeth Woolhouse. William Perrin ran his school for nearly thirty years, teaching his children and some of his grandchildren there. He eventually retired in 1899 or 1900, and died in 1903.

## General references

* Erickson, Rica (1983). "Schoolmasters". In Erickson, Rica (ed.). The Brand on His Coat. Nedlands, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-223-8.
# FloodAlerts

FloodAlerts is a software application, developed by software specialists Shoothill, which takes real-time flooding information, and displays the data on an interactive Bing map, updating and warning its users when they, their premises or the routes they need to travel could be at risk of flooding.

## History

FloodAlerts was launched in 2012, originally as the world’s first Facebook flood warning app.

## Operation

FloodAlerts is made available free of charge to individuals. Users are able to set up their own monitored locations and receive alerts via the application or their Facebook wall if the locations they are monitoring are at imminent risk of flooding.
Hosted in the Cloud, using the Microsoft Windows Azure platform, the FloodAlerts application processes the data received from the Environment Agency, automatically creates the required map tiles, pins and alerts and displays them on an interactive Bing map, updating the content every 15 minutes. Users are able to see the latest information on the map without having to refresh their browser.
FloodAlerts can also be provided as a customised risk management solution to businesses that require infrastructure or asset safety monitoring in areas where water levels are rising or receding.

## Awards and recognition

FloodAlerts has received The Guardian and Virgin Media Business’s 2012 Innovation Nation Awards and was shortlisted as a finalist for a further two national awards: the UK IT Industry Awards for Innovation and Entrepreneurship and The Institution of Engineering and Technology Innovation Awards for Information Technology.

## In the press

The FloodAlerts application was reviewed on the BBC website. It was also reviewed on BBC Click.
# Pauline Ngan Po-ling

Pauline Ngan Po-ling is a Chinese businesswoman who was elected to the 13th National People's Congress in the 2017 election in Hong Kong.
# Carmen Ferracuti

Carmen Ferracuti (born 29 June 1952) is a Salvadoran former swimmer. She competed in six events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
# 2023 NSW Open

The 2023 NSW Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the ninth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Sydney, Australia between 30 October and 5 November 2023.

## Champions
### Men's singles

* Taro Daniel def. Marc Polmans 6–2, 6–4.

### Women's singles

* Destanee Aiava def. Astra Sharma, 6–3 6–4

### Men's doubles

* Ryan Seggerman / Patrik Trhac def. Ruben Gonzales / Nam Ji-sung 6–4, 6–4.

### Women's doubles

* Destanee Aiava / Maddison Inglis def. Kyōka Okamura / Ayano Shimizu, 6–0, 6–0

## Men's singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| AUS | Thanasi Kokkinakis | 68 | 1 |
| AUS | Rinky Hijikata | 70 | 2 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 100 | 3 |
| AUS | James Duckworth | 125 | 4 |
| JPN | Shintaro Mochizuki | 131 | 5 |
| AUS | Marc Polmans | 160 | 6 |
| KOR | Hong Seong-chan | 223 | 7 |
| AUS | Tristan Schoolkate | 248 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 23 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Jacob Bradshaw
* Blake Ellis
* Pavle Marinkov
The following player received entry into the singles main draw as a special exempt:
* Coleman Wong
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Matthew Dellavedova
* Hiroki Moriya
* Nam Ji-sung
* Ajeet Rai
* Ryan Seggerman
* Rubin Statham
The following players received entry as lucky losers:
* Blake Mott
* Yusuke Takahashi

## Women's singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^1$ | Seed |
| KOR | Jang Su-jeong | 152 | 1 |
| AUS | Astra Sharma | 161 | 2 |
| JPN | Moyuka Uchijima | 182 | 3 |
| AUS | Priscilla Hon | 202 | 4 |
| AUS | Jaimee Fourlis | 212 | 5 |
| AUS | Destanee Aiava | 218 | 6 |
| CHN | Ma Yexin | 220 | 7 |
| THA | Lanlana Tararudee | 233 | 8 |
* $^1$ Rankings are as of 23 October 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* Gabriella Da Silva-Fick
* Maya Joint
* Alana Parnaby
* Ivana Popovic
The following player received entry using a junior exempt:
* Lea Ma
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* Shiho Akita
* Haruna Arakawa
* Michaela Bayerlová
* Yui Chikaraishi
* Mia Horvit
* Eri Hozumi
* Chihiro Muramatsu
* Hikaru Sato
# Mazie

Mazie may refer to:

## People

* Bob Mazie (1938–2017), American college football coach
* Mazie (given name), a variant of Maisie
* Mazie (pop singer)

## Places

* Mazie, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
* Mazie, Oklahoma, a census-designated place

## Other uses

* "Mazie", a cat, the first live mascot of the New Hampshire Wildcats, between 1927 and 1929
# Ceratophyllus niger

Ceratophyllus niger, also known as the western chicken flea or the black hen flea, is an ectoparasite of birds. It is a member of the family Ceratophyllidae and was described by Fox in 1908.
# Wisconsin school

The Wisconsin school in economics was based at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and played a significant role in American economics in the first half of the 20th century. The Wisconsin school was central to institutionalism in the United States, and also played a prominent role in labor economics and in the development of the policy ideas associated with the New Deal. The central figures in the Wisconsin school were Richard T. Ely and his student John R. Commons.
Notable students of Commons included Edwin E. Witte, largely responsible for the drafting of the Social Security Act, Selig Perlman, Kenneth Parsons, and Harold Groves.
Other notable economists associated with the Wisconsin school include Walter Heller, Robert J. Lampman, Warren Samuels, and Theodore Schultz.