OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mingi

Mingi is the traditional belief among the South Omotic-speaking Karo and Hamar peoples of southern Ethiopia that children with perceived and true physical abnormalities are ritually impure. An example of perceived abnormalities include the top teeth erupting before bottom teeth. Children born out of wedlock (marriage) are also considered impure and therefore capable of bringing curses upon the people.
The fear of curses or bad luck for the tribe leads to the killing of many children. These children are disposed of either through drowning, putting soil in their mouths and strangling or leaving infants in the forest. The elders make the decision to brand a child mingi but the deaths are carried out by various members of the tribe. The Karo tribe officially banned the practice of mingi in July 2012, but it remains an active part of the belief system in others. It is believed as many as 686,000 individuals secretly practice it in other Omotic communities.

## Overview

Among the Karo and Hamar, physically deformed or mingi individuals have traditionally been considered to exert an evil influence upon others, so disabled infants have traditionally been disposed of without a proper burial. Such a child was historically killed by forced permanent separation from the tribe by being left alone in the jungle or by drowning in the river.
Reasons for being declared impure include birth out of wedlock, the birth of twins, the eruption of teeth in the upper jaw before the lower jaw, and chipping a tooth in childhood. Some who were separated have been reported to shadow the tribe at a distance until eventually succumbing to hunger or predators.
When Italy occupied Ethiopia as part of its colony from 1936 to 1941, the Italian East Africa colonial government banned mingi practice because it was considered a crime.
A feature story in 2011 points out that there has been a dearth of academic scholarship on the subject, but "some observers have speculated that it might have started many generations ago as a way to purge people who are more likely to become a burden or who cannot contribute to the propagation of their people."
The Karo officially banned the practice in July 2012, while around 50,000 individuals secretly continue to practice it in other Omotic communities.
In 2008, Karo tribesman Lale Labuko began rescuing children deemed "mingi." The 2011 award-winning documentary film Drawn From Water chronicles Mr. Labuko's early mingi rescue activities. Together with California filmmaker and photographer John Rowe, Mr. Labuko founded Labuko's Omo Child Organization. To date, 37 children ages 1–11 have been rescued. The children live in a home built with the help of John Rowe.
An additional film about Mingi practices called Omo Child: The River and the Bush was released in 2015.
# Zhang Meiyuan

Zhang Meiyuan (Chinese: 张美远; born November 1937) was a major general in the People's Liberation Army of China who served as commander of the 38th Group Army from 1989 to 1994 and commander of the Qinghai Military District from 1993 to 1996.
He was a member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Biography

Zhang was born in Bazhong County (now Bazhong), Sichuan, in November 1937. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in January 1955, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in August 1958. He graduated from the PLA Jinzhou Infantry School and the PLA Military Academy.
Zhang was promoted to deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army in 1987. In June 1989, he was promoted again to become commander, succeeding Xu Qinxian, who was court-martialed, jailed for five years and expelled from the CCP due to refuse the order to use force against demonstrators in Beijing during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. He led his men to suppress the students in Beijing, which played an important role in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. For his gallant service at the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, he was admitted to member of the 14th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in October 1992. He also served as commander of the Qinghai Military District from 1993 to 1996. In May 1996, he was appointed deputy chief of staff of the Lanzhou Military Region, in addition to serving as deputy secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission.
He attained the rank of major general (shaojiang) in September 1988.
# James C. McKay (director)

James C. McKay (1894–1971) was an American film director and editor. His directorial debut was the 1916 Fox Film release The Ruling Passion shot in Jamaica under the supervision of Herbert Brenon. He directed several silent films for Tiffany Pictures in the mid-1920s. He was hired by MGM to shoot Tarzan Escapes in 1935, but the studio was dissatisfied with his efforts and he was replaced by Richard Thorpe.

## Selected filmography
### Director

* The Ruling Passion (1916)
* A Sinless Sinner (1919)
* Souls for Sables (1925)
* Fools of Fashion (1926)
* Lightning (1927)
* The Broken Gate (1927)
* Tarzan Escapes (1936)

### Editor

* The Eternal Sin (1917)
* The Lone Wolf (1917)
* Merry-Go-Round (1923)
* Zander the Great (1925)
* Morals for Men (1925)
* Soul Mates (1925)
* Out of the Storm (1926)
* Lost at Sea (1926)
* College Days (1926)
* That Model from Paris (1926)
* The First Night (1927)
* One Hour of Love (1927)
* Cheaters (1927)
* The Princess from Hoboken (1927)
* The Beauty Shoppers (1928)
* Beware of Blondes (1928)
* Dream of Love (1928)
* Marianne (1929)
* They Learned About Women (1930)
* Good Sam (1948)
* Black Magic (1949)
# Penthophera

Penthophera is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1812.
The Global Lepidoptera Names Index and Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms only include Penthophera morio as a species in this genus.

## Species

The genus contains the following four species:
* Penthophera caucasica
* Penthophera lutea
* Penthophera morio
* Penthophera subfusca
# Palpifer umbrinus

Palpifer umbrinus is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in India.
# Ahmer Saeed

Ahmer Saeed (born 21 November 1978) is a Pakistani cricketer. A former captain of the Pakistan U-19 cricket team, Saeed went on to play first-class cricket for Karachi from 1997 until 2005. A right-hand bat and occasional right-arm off break bowler, Saeed amassed 1,579 runs at 26.76 in the four day game, with three centuries, and 385 one day runs at 32.08 with a single century. His occasional bowling snared 15 first-class wickets at 49.53, and 11 one day wickets at a more successful 27.63.
Saeed came to first-class cricket from a career in the Pakistani Youth Test team between 1995 and 1997, where he played 11 matches and returned 602 runs at 33.44 and seven wickets at 61.85. He also played 12 Youth One Day International games, scoring 371 runs at 30.91 and taking 12 wickets at a contrasting 19.00. He earned a Player of the Match award on 8 January 1997, during a Youth ODI against England where he scored 63 and took one wicket.
Saeed made a brief foray into Twenty20 cricket with two consecutive matches in April 2005, however made only nine runs and went for 12 in his only over with the ball. Having left the one day game over the winter of 2004/05, he played his final match on 27 November 2005, departing from the game with four runs and 10 wicketless overs. He went on to play a handful of matches for various club teams, and for the Karachi Port Trust, whom he captained for a time.
# Milton Morrison

Milton Teófilo Morrison Ramírez(born August 14, 1975) is a Dominican electrical engineer, writer, businessperson, Dominican politician and a 2020 Dominican Republic presidential candidate.
Milton was born and raised in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic to Mateo Morrison, an award-winning poet, and Cristobalina Ramírez, a librarian. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the Santo Domingo Institute of Technology, and his MS from the University of Bradford. In 2017, he founded a political party in the Dominican Republic named País Posible, which has over 128.000 active members as of 2019.

## Biography
### Early life and education

Milton Teófilo Morrison Ramirez was born on August 14, 1975. His father is Mateo Morrison, an award-winning poet, whose parents were English-Jamaican migrants. His mother is Cristobalina Ramírez, a Dominican-American librarian. Morrison grew up in an empoverished area of the Dominican Republic, Los Tres Brazos where Milton then completed his secondary education at the Escuela Nueva y Mahatma Gandhi in the area. In 1992, at only 19 years old, he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering, where he graduated with cum laude honors. In 1999, he migrated to England to pursue his Master of Science degree in Development and Project Planning at the University of Bradford. In 2002, he obtained a postbaccalaureate degree in International Business from the University of Florida.

### Career

Morrison started his professional career in 1998, that same year he founded with his brother Nelson Morrison the engineering company Morrison Ingenieros. In 2000, Morrison joined the United Nations' program Millennium Development Goals. That same year, he is named the director of renewable energies at the Ministerio de Industria y Comercio in the Dominican Republic. In 2001, he started his career as a professor at his alma mater, Santo Domingo Institute of Technology teaching electrical engineering. In 2002, he joined the Fifth Episcopal Conference of Latin America representing the Dominican Republic in New Delhi, India. In 2006, he was named Executive VP at the Asociación Dominicana de la Industria Eléctrica (ADIE), where he served until 2017.
# Zevin

Zevin (also, Zovin, Zëvin, and Zovik) is a village and municipality in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,322.
# 2018 Carpathian Trophy

The 2018 Carpathian Trophy was the 50th edition of the Carpathian Trophy held in Bucharest, Romania between 23 and 24 November as a women's friendly handball tournament organised by the Romanian Handball Federation.
The most recent Olympic champions, Russia, appeared in the competition.
It was televised by TVR1 and TVR HD.

## Knockout stage

All times are local (UTC+02:00).

### Bracket

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final |
| 23 November | 23 November |
| Romania B | 25 |
| Romania B | 25 | 24 November | 24 November |
| Russia | 24 | 24 November | 24 November |
| Russia | 24 | Romania B | 24 |
| 23 November | 23 November | | Romania B | 24 |
| 23 November | 23 November | Romania | 33 |
| Romania | 29 | Romania | 33 |
| Serbia | 26 | | |
| Serbia | 26 | Third place | Third place |
| | | 24 November | 24 November |
| | | Russia | 33 |
| | | Serbia | 32 |

### Semifinals

| 23 November 2018 16:00 | Romania B | 25–24 | Russia | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Nițișor, Stamatoiu (ROU) |
| 23 November 2018 16:00 | Popa 6 | (11–12) | Maslova 4 | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Nițișor, Stamatoiu (ROU) |
| 23 November 2018 16:00 | 3× 3× | Report | 1× 4× | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Nițișor, Stamatoiu (ROU) |
| 23 November 2018 18:30 | Romania | 29–26 | Serbia | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Florescu, Stoia (ROU) |
| 23 November 2018 18:30 | Neagu, Pintea 5 | (13–15) | Krpež Slezak 6 | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Florescu, Stoia (ROU) |
| 23 November 2018 18:30 | | Report | 1× 1× | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Florescu, Stoia (ROU) |

### Third place game

| 24 November 2018 16:00 | Russia | 33–32 | Serbia | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Barbu, Manafu (ROU) |
| 24 November 2018 16:00 | Samokhina 7 | (13–15) | Lavko 7 | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Barbu, Manafu (ROU) |
| 24 November 2018 16:00 | 3× 4× | Report | 1× 5× 1× | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Barbu, Manafu (ROU) |

### Final

| 24 November 2018 18:30 | Romania B | 24–33 | Romania | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Din, Dinu (ROU) |
| 24 November 2018 18:30 | Zamfirescu 5 | (12–21) | Laslo 5 | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Din, Dinu (ROU) |
| 24 November 2018 18:30 | 3× 1× | Report | 2× | Sala Polivalentă, Bucharest Referees: Din, Dinu (ROU) |

## Awards

* Most Valuable Player: Cristina Neagu (ROU)
* Best Defender: Crina Pintea (ROU)
* Best Goalkeeper: Anna Sedoykina (RUS)
* Top Scorer: Jelena Lavko (SRB)
# Carlos Jiménez (disambiguation)

Carlos Jiménez may refer to:
* Carlos Jiménez (Carlos Jiménez Sánchez, Spanish former professional basketball player)
* Carlos Jiménez Villarejo (born 1935), Spanish public prosecutor
* Carlos Jiménez Mabarak (1916–1994), Mexican composer
* Carlos Jiménez Díaz (1898–1967), Spanish physician
* Carlos Jiménez Macías (born 1950), Mexican politician and diplomat
* Carlos Jiménez (Bolivian footballer)
* Carlos Jiménez (Costa Rican footballer)
* Carlos Jiménez (volleyball)
* Carlos Javier Cuéllar Jiménez (born 1981), Spanish motocross footballer
* Carlos Campano Jiménez (born 1985), Spanish motocross rider
# Vaishakada Dinagalu

Vaishakada Dinagalu (Kannada: ವೈಶಾಖದ ದಿನಗಳು) is a 1993 Indian Kannada film, directed by Katte Ramachandra and produced by Mohan Bhasagoda. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Moon Moon Sen, Harshavardhan and Vanitha Vasu in lead roles. The film had musical score by Indu Vishwanath.

## Cast

* Vishnuvardhan as Vishnu
* Moon Moon Sen as Rajani
* Harshavardhan as Vishwa
* Vanitha Vasu as Vanitha
* Anjali Sudhakar
* Thoogudeepa Srinivas as Inspector
* Avinash as Avinash
* Praveen Nayak
* Dr Sridhar
* Vilas Malai
* Ramadas
* Manju
* Ganesh Prasad
* Kishore Goankar
* Sathyananda
* Dhanpath
* Ravi Ganjagatti
* Kumari Pallavi Rao
* Master Deepak
# Sera (musician)

Sarah Nampijja (June 8, 1990 – July 31, 2012) recognized professionally as Sera was a Ugandan singer and songwriter. She rose to prominence on the Ugandan entertainment scene in 2012 with her hit single "contagious" in which she featured Jeff Blaise.

## Personal life

Sera was born in 1990, the first of three children born to John Kakooza and Elizabeth Wolwa.

## Music

In 2012 while appearing on "Katogo" a local music based show on Record Tv, she described herself as a fusion artiste noting "I find ragga nice to me, I find dancehall good to me and find Rnb very interesting for me"
Sera signed her first professional music contract in 2009 at the age of 19 when she was signed onto Kampala based music label Swangz Avenue
Sera made her music debut on Ugandan airwaves with "Delivered" a song in which she featured then dancehall artiste KidFox. She reached mainstream success when she sang "Contagious" with Jeff Blaze. She followed this with "Fire" a single which was not widely received in the country.
At the time of her death she was believed to be in the process of creating a new video for the song in an effort to overturn its ill fortune. She was ranked among Uganda's best 256 artists of all time.

## Death

Sera succumbed to stomach ulcers after developing complications on her way from Masaka where she had traveled to bury the father of her music producer Ken.
According to her close friend and fellow musician Viboyo Oweyo who was with her during her last moments, Sera first fainted while in a village in Masaka, before being rushed to local clinic where the clinic attendants later advised that she be taken to the much bigger Kitovu hospital, she is reported to have died as they reached the hospital premises.
In the wake of her death there were rumors circulating on social media that seemed to suggest that Julius Kyazze the Managing Director of Swangz Avenue had been arrested in connection with Sera's death but he came out to quash them, stating that "Please don't believe the smear campaign that I have been arrested, I'm free"
Sera's Mom Elizabeth Wolwa also came out at her burial to attest to the fact that her daughter and Kyazze were close friends and that she regularly mentioned him in their conversations.

## Posthumous releases

In 2016 her record label Swangz Avenue released a dancehall single titled "One Ting Man" in which Sera featured Zambia's K'millian.

## Discography
### Songs

* Fire
* Contagious
* Sunrise
* One ting man
* Surrender
* No more
* Ntwala
* Delivered
# Unser täglich Brot

Unser täglich Brot may refer to:
* Our Daily Bread (1926 film), a silent German film
* Our Daily Bread (2005 film) (German: Unser täglich Brot), a 2005 documentary film by Nikolaus Geyrhalter
* Unser täglich Brot (1949 film), a 1949 East German film
# Pancreaticobiliary maljunction

Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a congenital malformation where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet outside of the duodenum. There are two varieties of PBM: one with biliary dilatation and the other without. When an abnormally long common channel is visible on direct cholangiography, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, PBM is diagnosed.

## Signs and symptoms

The sphincter of Oddi does not control the pancreaticobiliary junction in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). Because the pressure in the pancreatic duct is typically higher than in the bile duct, pancreatic juice often refluxes into the biliary tract. Patients with PBM experience continuous regurgitation, but this does not always result in symptoms.
Increased pressure in the pancreatic and bile ducts as a result of a primary stricture of the distal bile duct or blockage of the common channel can cause symptoms like jaundice, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This is frequently transient and may be brought on by impaction from a protein plug.

### Complications

In patients with PBM, regardless of the presence of biliary dilatation, acute pancreatitis is more common in children (30% of patients) than in adults (9%). Although pancreatitis is often mild with subtle imaging findings, it can also be recurrent. One possible cause of acute pancreatitis linked to PBM is protein plugs. Chronic pancreatitis affects about 3% of PBM patients.

## Causes

There is disagreement over PBM's pathophysiology. Nonetheless, a number of studies have indicated that it may be related to abnormal ventral pancreatic development. It is thought that the ventral pancreatic duct is connected to the origin of the common channel because small pancreatic branch ducts have been observed emerging from the common channel in certain PBM patients. Rarely, PBM is linked to additional congenital pancreatic abnormalities like pancreas divisum or annular pancreas.

## Diagnosis

The JSPBM committee on PBM diagnostic criteria states that anatomical examination findings or imaging characteristics are used to diagnose PBM. The diagnosis is confirmed by the existence of an abnormally long common channel, an abnormal union between the pancreatic and bile ducts, or a pancreatic-biliary junction outside the duodenal wall.

## Treatment

Regardless of whether symptoms are present, risk-reducing surgery is advised for patients with PBM because it is a risk factor for biliary cancer.
# Monica Collingwood

Monica Collingwood (1908–1989) was an American film editor who was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing at the 1947 Academy Awards for the Henry Koster drama The Bishop's Wife (1947).

## Biography

Monica was born in Jackson, Missouri, to Joseph Collingwood (a British immigrant) and Elizabeth Emery (a native of Luxembourg). When the family moved west to California, her father worked as a policeman at one of the big film studios. She married Willard Nico, a Russia-born fellow film editor, in 1927; the pair had a son, Willard Jr.

## Selected filmography

* The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947)
* The Bishop's Wife (1947)
* Fangs of the Wild (1954)
* Lassie's Great Adventure (1963)
# Wartle railway station

Wartle railway station was a railway station that served local farms and the nearby hamlet of Meikle Wartle, Aberdeenshire. It was opened in 1857 by the Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway, later part of the Great North of Scotland Railway, then the LNER and finally British Railways, on the 29+3⁄4-mile (47.9 km) long branchline from Inveramsay to Macduff. The station closed to regular passenger services in 1951 and to goods traffic in 1964.

## History

The station was the first of the intermediate stations on the branch and lay 3 miles 48 chains (5.8 km) from the junction of the line at Inveramsay. It was on the original 1857 section of the line, the line being extended to Macduff on 4 June 1860. A post office stood nearby close to the level crossing. It lay at 352 feet (107 m) above sea level.

## Infrastructure

Wartle did not have a signal box, but photographs show that signals were present in later days. The single platform stood on the north-east side of the track and the line was single track. The station and station house were brick built in a 'U' shape with the front centre area covered at the front by a canopy. To the north-west of the station lay a level crossing. To the south-west was a goods yard with a goods shed approached from the south-east. Several building stood in and close to the goods yard. A loading dock lay parallel to one of the sidings.

## Remains

The station may survive as a private house however the buildings may have been demolished or greatly altered.

## Services

Fisherwives from 1863 paid only a single fare and half to any station on the line from Macduff, except for Wartle. From 1926 Sunday excursion trains from Aberdeen were advertised and from 1938 they appeared in the timetables. One on 11 June 1927 ran on a Saturday and the return fare, Third Class, to Macduff was 3s. 0d. In 1932 passenger trains stopped at all the stations with five a day in each direction. Although regular passengers services ceased in 1951 a SLS/RCTS Joint Scottish Tour visited the branch and ran as far as Turriff on 13 June 1960 and another excursion ran in 1965. By 1948 four return trips a day were made as the coal supply situation had improved. Another severe coal shortage occurred in 1951 and the passenger service ceased despite protests, with services withdrawn after 30 September 1951.
| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Inveramsay Line and Station closed | Great North of Scotland Railway Banff, Macduff and Turriff Junction Railway | Rothienorman Line and Station closed |
# Actinomyxa

Actinomyxa is a genus of fungi in the Microthyriaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Actinomyxa australiensis .
# Zevi Joshua Horowitz

Zevi Joshua HaLevi Horowitz (1760–1816) also known as the Ribash (ריב"ש, Rabbi Joshua ben Shmuel) was the son of Shmuel Shmelke Horowitz of Nikolsburg and a prominent Moravian Hasidic figure.

## Biography

Born in Nikolsburg, Moravia around 1760. In his early years he and his brother, Jakob Horowitz studied under their father. After his studies, Zevi Joshua married the daughter of his uncle Pinchas Horowitz. From 1781 to 1786, Zevi Joshua was the Chief Rabbi Jamnitz, later moving to Trebic, where he served as Chief Rabbi from 1786 to 1800. In 1811, he moved to Prossnitz, where he served as Chief rabbi up until his death in 1816. He is best known for his novellae "Hiddushei ha-Ribash" which appeared posthumously in 1878. He also wrote "Semikhat Moshe" which was published as an appendix to his father's work "Nezir ha-Shem".
# European route E591

E 591 is a European B class road in Russia, connecting Novorossiysk to European route E115 south of Rostov-na-Donu.

## Route

* A 290: Novorossiysk - Verkhnebakanskiy
* A 146: Verkhnebakanskiy - Krasnodar
* M 4: Krasnodar - Rostov-na-Donu
# York County

York County may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* York County, Western Australia
* County of York (South Australia)

### Canada

* York County, New Brunswick
* York County, Ontario

### United Kingdom

* Yorkshire, England
** County of York, East Riding
** County of York, North Riding
** County of York, West Riding

### United States

* York County, Maine
* York County, Massachusetts, a former county in what is now Maine
* York County, Nebraska
* York County, Pennsylvania
* York County, South Carolina
* York County, Virginia

## Other

* York County Community College, in Wells, Maine, United States
* York County Hospital, a former hospital in York, England