# Martyrs of New Guinea

The Martyrs of New Guinea were Christians including clergy, teachers, and medical staff serving in New Guinea who were executed during the Japanese invasion during World War II in 1942 and 1943. A total of 333 church workers including Papuans and visiting missionaries from a range of denominations were killed during the invasion.

## Japanese invasion

After the Empire of Japan entered war in the Pacific on 7 December 1941, many civilian populations of Australia's island territories were evacuated. There were fears that people of European descent would be in particular danger - along with islanders and Papuans working alongside them - but no order was issued for the evacuation of missionaries. So, many Christians voluntarily chose to continue in their vocation despite the approaching danger. In January 1942 the Anglican Bishop of New Guinea, Philip Strong, advised clergy and staff to faithfully remain working in New Guinea:
   “One thing only I can guarantee is that if we do not forsake Christ here in Papua in His Body, the Church, He will not forsake us. He will uphold us; He will strengthen us and He will guide us and keep us though the days that lie ahead. If we all left, it would take years for the Church to recover from our betrayal of our trust. If we remain—and even if the worst came to the worst and we were all to perish in remaining—the Church would not perish, for there would have been no breach of trust in its walls, but its foundations and structure would have received added strength for the future building by our faithfulness unto death.”
The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. During the initial phase in early 1942, Japan invaded the Territory of New Guinea on 23 January and Territory of Papua on 21 July and overran Dutch New Guinea (part of the Netherlands East Indies) beginning on 29 March. During the campaign and Japanese occupation, hundreds of Christians were killed by the Japanese and collaborating Papuans.

## Martyrs

Reported numbers of those killed varies, but the Anglican Board of Mission – Australia follows the University of Papua New Guinea research that there were:
* Roman Catholic - 197
* United Church - 77
* Salvation Army - 22
* Lutheran - 16
* Anglican - 12
* Methodist - 10
* Evangelical Church of Manus - 5
* Seventh Day Adventist - 4

## Anglicans

Anglican missionaries reached New Guinea in 1891. In 1898 the Anglican Diocese of Papua New Guinea was established and was a missionary diocese of the Church of England in Australia. Bishop of New Guinea Philip Strong called on his clergy and staff to remain at their posts.
The Revd. John Barge, priest, sent from England
Sr Margery Brenchley, nursing sister, sent from Queensland
Mr John Duffill, builder, sent from Queensland
Mr. Leslie Gariardi, evangelist and teacher, from Papua
Sr. May Hayman, nursing sister, sent from Victoria
The Revd. Henry Holland, priest, sent from New South Wales
Miss Lilla Lashmar, teacher, sent from Adelaide
The Revd Henry Matthews, priest, sent from Queensland, born in Victoria
The Revd Bernard Moore, priest, sent from England
Miss Mavis Parkinson, teacher, sent from Queensland
The Revd Vivian Redlich, priest, sent from South Africa, born in England
Mr Lucian Tapiedi, evangelist and teacher, from Papua

## Methodist

The Revd L.A. Arthur, MLC, BA, DipEd
The Revd W.L.I. Lingwood
The Revd W.D. Oakes
The Revd H.J. Pearson, BA, DipEd
The Revd J.W. Poole, LTh
The Revd H.B. Shelton, BA
The Revd T.N. Simpson, LTh
The Revd J. Trevitt, MA, DipEd
Mr S.C. Beazley
Mr E. W. Pearce

## Catholics

On Rabaul, Australians and Europeans who were not evacuated found refuge at the Vunapope Catholic Mission, until the Japanese overwhelmed the island and took them prisoner in 1942. The local Bishop Leo Scharmach, a Pole, convinced the Japanese that he was German and to spare the internees. A group of indigenous Daughters of Mary Immaculate (FMI Sisters) then refused to give up their faith or abandon the Australians and are credited with keeping hundreds of internees alive for three and half years by growing food and delivering it to them over gruelling distances. Some of the Sisters were tortured by the Japanese and gave evidence during war crimes trials after the war.

## Legacy

In 1950 the Right Rev’d Dr Light Maekawa, Anglican Bishop of South Tokyo, sent a bamboo cross to the parishes of all the Martyrs as an act of reconciliation and repentance.
A statue of Tapiedi is installed among the niches with other 20th-century Christian martyrs over the west door of Westminster Abbey in London. His killer, taking the name Hivijapa Lucian, later converted to Christianity. He built a church dedicated to the memory of his victim, which grew to a diocesan center. However, the original building at Higatury was destroyed when Mount Lamington erupted on 21 January 1951 during a diocesan meeting, with considerable loss of life, so the church and center were rebuilt at Popondetta. Another church taking Lucian Tapiedi as its patronal saint is St Lucian's Six Mile in the Six Mile settlement of Port Moresby, north of Jacksons International Airport.

## Veneration

The Martyrs of New Guinea are honored with memorial and feast days on the calendars of many churches including the Anglican Communion on 2 September.