OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# California Road

The California Road was a route which ran through present-day Oklahoma (then known only as Indian Territory), along the Canadian River, at the time of the California Gold Rush. It was the southerly counterpart to the California Trail.
The California Road followed the route laid out by Captain Randolph B. Marcy escorting gold seekers during the spring of 1849. In 1850, Captain R.B. Marcy established Camp Arbuckle on the southern boundary of the Canadian River with close proximity to the 100th meridian west. The Army on the Frontier fortification served as a deterrent to the Plains Indian warfare and the safeguard of the California Road spanning Indian Territory.
The American frontier trail converged at Fort Smith where the overland trail crossed into Indian Territory and generally followed the Canadian River to the Texas Panhandle. The trail continued across the Panhandle along the Canadian into New Mexico where it met an existing trail south out of Santa Fe to El Paso and west into California. The peak number of emigrants from the eastern United States to California was about twenty thousand on this route in 1849.
The crossing of the east-west California Road with the north–south Texas Road formed a natural point of settlement in Tobucksy County of the Choctaw Nation, a site originally called Bucklucksy. James Jackson McAlester, an employee of licensed traders Reynolds and Hannaford convinced the firm to locate a general store at that location in late 1869. This settlement eventually became McAlester, Oklahoma.
Prominent landmarks in western Indian Territory were Rock Mary and the Antelope Hills.

## The Prairie Traveler

"Another road leaves Fort Smith and runs up the south side of the Canadian River to Santa Fé and Albuquerque in New Mexico.
This route is set down upon most of the maps of the present day as having been discovered and explored by various persons, but my own name seems to have been carefully excluded from the list. Whether this omission has been intentional or not, I leave for the authors to determine. I shall merely remark that I had the command and entire direction of an expedition which in 1849 discovered, explored, located, and marked out this identical wagon road from Fort Smith, Arkansas, to Santa Fé, New Mexico, and that this road, for the greater portion of the distance, is the same that has been since recommended for a Pacific railway."
* Cottonwood Spring Texas Historical Marker just north of Jean on the southern route.
* Texas Historical Marker on Highway 82 east of Ringgold.
* Texas Historical Marker northeast of Amarillo, on Highway 136 just north of the intersection with 245, commemorating the Josiah Gregg route.
# Genlisea pygmaea

Genlisea pygmaea is a corkscrew plant native to South America.
# Pansy Chan

Pansy Chan is a female squash player who represents Hong Kong at international level.

## Awards

2010:
* Hong Kong Junior Sports Stars Awards, Sports Federation & Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China
* ZESPRI Outstanding Junior Athlete Awards (3rd Quarter 2010), Hong Kong Sports Institute
2012:
* Hong Kong Outstanding Teens Award
* Hong Kong Island Excellent Students Award
* BOCHK Outstanding Athlete Award (squash)
2013:
* Sports for Hope Foundation Outstanding Junior Athlete Awards (1st Quarter 2013), Hong Kong Sports Institute
* Sports for Hope Foundation Outstanding Junior Athlete Awards (3rd Quarter 2013), Hong Kong Sports Institute
* BOCHK Outstanding Athlete Award (squash)

## Sports achievements

2010:
* Asian Junior Squash Individual Championships - GU15 Champion
* Hong Kong Junior Squash Open - GU15 - First Runner-Up
* Hong Kong Junior Squash Championships - GU15 Champion
2011:
* Australia National Junior Series - GU15 Champion
* Pioneer Junior Open - GU17 - First Runner-Up
* Dutch Junior Open- GU17 - First Runner-Up
* Hong Kong Junior Open Squash - GU17 Champion
2012:
* Hong Kong Junior Open Squash - GU17 Champion
* Korea Open - Women's Open - 2nd Runner-up
* Inter-School Individual Squash Competition - Girls A Grade - Champion
* Hong Kong Junior Squash Championships - GU19 - 2nd Runner-Up
* BUFF Singapore Squash Open - GU17 - Champion
2013:
* Asian Junior Squash Team Championship - Silver Medal
* Women's World Junior Team Squash Championships - Bronze Medal
* Asian Youth Games - Squash (Women's Individual) - Silver Medal
* Asian Youth Games - Squash (Women's Team) - Silver Medal
# Solebury, Pennsylvania

Solebury is an unincorporated community in Solebury Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Solebury is located at the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 263, Sugan Road, and Phillips Mill Road.

## Notable person

* Helen Tai, former Pennsylvania state legislator
# Genlisea repens

Genlisea repens is a corkscrew plant native to South America.
# For All Time (game)

For All Time (Chinese: 时空中的绘旅人, lit. 'Painting traveller in spacetime'), also known as Painted Traveler in Time and Space is a Chinese Otome game developed by NetEase released in 2020.
# Jay Stevens

Jay Karl Stevens (November 11, 1953 – February 19, 2025) was a freelance writer and social historian. Stevens was born and raised into a family of farmers in Springfield, Vermont. He attended school there as a child and then Kimball Union Academy in New Hampshire, going on to the University of Vermont after graduation.
He is the author of Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream (1987), which has been described as "the quintessential work on the history of LSD in America". Stevens is also the co-author of Drumming at the Edge of Magic with Grateful Dead percussionist Mickey Hart and ethnomusicologist Fredric Lieberman. He founded Applied Orphics, a digital marketing and distribution company, and Rap Lab, a program bringing at-risk teenagers and professional musicians and poets together. Prior to his death, he was living at his family farm in Weathersfield Bow, Vermont, where he produced maple syrup.

## Selected works
### Books

* Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream (1987) ISBN 9780871130761
* Drumming at the Edge of Magic (with Mickey Hart & Fredric Lieberman) (1990) ISBN 9780062503725
* Planet Drum: A Celebration of Percussion and Rhythm (with Mickey Hart & Fredric Lieberman) (1991) ISBN 9780062504142
* The Sixties edited by Peter Stine, Jay Stevens contributor. Wayne State University Press (January 1, 1996) ISBN 0814325580, ISBN 978-0814325582

### Discography

* Dance House by Jay Stevens and Derek Young (2012)
* Orphic Revival by Jay Karl Stevens and The Raven (2013)

### Articles

* "Keeper of the Vermont Character" Yankee Magazine (March, 1992).
# Wycombe, Pennsylvania

Wycombe is an unincorporated community primarily located in Wrightstown Township with a portion located in Buckingham Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States.

## History

Founded during the 1890s when the Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad opened a line through the county, it was called "Lingohocken", the traditional Indian name of the area assigned by local residents. The post office was named Wycombe to prevent confusion with the post office in Wingohocken Pa. The Lingohocken Fire Company, which is located on the edge of town, retains this older name.
The New Hope Railroad still owns the rail line through the town, and having finished restoring the former Reading Company station building in 2011, intends to restore service through Wycombe. It also stores some of the line's original passenger cars in an area adjacent to the station. Those cars were last in service during the 1970s.
The Bridge in Buckingham Township, Gen. John Lacey Homestead, and Wycombe Village Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
# Derrick Gaffney

Derrick Tyrone Gaffney (May 24, 1955 – March 17, 2025) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for eight seasons with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Gaffney played college football for the Florida Gators, and thereafter, he played in the NFL for the Jets.

## Background

Gaffney was born in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1955. He attended William M. Raines High School in Jacksonville, and he played high school football for the Raines Vikings
Gaffney died on March 17, 2025, at the age of 69.

## College career

Gaffney accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Doug Dickey's Gators teams from 1974 to 1977. Memorably, Gaffney caught a ninety-nine-yard touchdown reception from Cris Collinsworth in the Gators' 48–3 victory over the Rice Owls in 1977, which tied the then-current NCAA record and remains the longest touchdown pass in Southeastern Conference (SEC) history. While he was a Florida undergraduate, Gaffney was also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity.

## Professional career

The New York Jets chose Gaffney in the eighth round (197th pick overall) in the 1978 NFL draft, and he played for the Jets from 1978 to 1984 and again in 1987. His single best season was his rookie year in 1978, when he caught thirty-eight passes for 691 yards. Gaffney started sixty-eight of 100 games in which he played for the Jets, and finished his NFL career with 156 receptions for 2,613 yards and seven touchdowns.

## NFL career statistics

Legend :
| Bold | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD |
| 1978 | NYJ | 16 | 16 | 38 | 691 | 18.2 | 50 | 3 |
| 1979 | NYJ | 16 | 16 | 32 | 534 | 16.7 | 43 | 1 |
| 1980 | NYJ | 13 | 5 | 24 | 397 | 16.5 | 36 | 2 |
| 1981 | NYJ | 16 | 13 | 14 | 246 | 17.6 | 39 | 0 |
| 1982 | NYJ | 9 | 2 | 11 | 207 | 18.8 | 45 | 1 |
| 1983 | NYJ | 16 | 10 | 17 | 243 | 14.3 | 35 | 0 |
| 1984 | NYJ | 12 | 7 | 19 | 285 | 15.0 | 29 | 0 |
| 1987 | NYJ | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 10.0 | 10 | 0 |
| | | 100 | 69 | 156 | 2,613 | 16.8 | 50 | 7 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | Games | Games | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving | Receiving |
| Year | Team | GP | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD |
| 1981 | NYJ | 1 | 1 | 4 | 64 | 16.0 | 26 | 0 |
| 1982 | NYJ | 3 | 0 | 5 | 57 | 11.4 | 20 | 1 |
| | | 4 | 1 | 9 | 121 | 13.4 | 26 | 1 |

## Gaffney football family

Gaffney's older brother, Don Gaffney, was the starting quarterback for the Florida Gators from the middle of the 1973 season through the end of 1975, and was the first African-American to become the starter at the quarterback position for the Gators. Gaffney is also the father of former NFL wide receiver Jabar Gaffney and the uncle of former NFL cornerback Lito Sheppard. Both Jabar Gaffney and Lito Sheppard played for the Florida Gators in the early 2000s.
# List of male underwear models

The following is a list of male underwear models. This is not a complete list and includes men who have modeled underwear as well as fashion apparel from all over the world. This list excludes models dedicated to pornographic and erotic photography, who may pose in underwear, but the final purpose is to see them naked.

## List of male underwear models
### A–F

* A$AP Rocky
* Nick Bosa
* Bad Bunny
* Tyson Ballou
* Nick Bateman
* Eugen Bauder
* Tyson Beckford
* David Beckham
* Jude Bellingham
* Michael Bergin
* Justin Bieber
* Andre Birleanu
* Pietro Boselli
* Nick Bracks
* Mehcad Brooks
* Lars Burmeister
* Cody Calafiore
* Dan Carter
* Anthony Catanzaro
* Noah Centineo
* Will Chalker
* Alex Cheesman
* Oliver Cheshire
* Michael Clarke
* Ben Cohen
* Didier Cohen
* Jai Courtney
* Roger Craig
* Francesco Cura
* Alberto de la Bella
* Justin Deeley
* Varun Dhawan
* Nyle DiMarco
* Jamie Dornan
* Luca Dotto
* Sandor Earl
* Jacob Elordi
* Oscar Emboaba
* Max Emerson
* Thom Evans
* Travis Fimmel
* Ben Foden
* Mark Foster
* Nolan Gerard Funk

### G–L

* David Gandy
* Angelo Garcia
* Justin Gaston
* Shai Gilgeous-Alexander
* Aaron Gordon
* Steve Grand
* Riley Green
* Rob Gronkowski
* Calvin Harris
* James Haskell
* Djimon Hounsou
* Christof Innerhofer
* Stephen James
* Ashton Jeanty
* Mitchell Johnson
* Rusty Joiner
* Joe Jonas
* Nick Jonas
* Michael B. Jordan
* Daren Kagasoff
* Brian Kehoe
* Salman Khan
* Jon Kortajarena
* Arthur Kulkov
* Ashton Kutcher
* Camille Lacourt
* Francisco Lachowski
* Todd Lasance
* Kayne Lawton
* Marios Lekkas
* William Levy
* Freddie Ljungberg
* Ryan Lochte
* Mario Lopez
* Alex Lundqvist
* Kellan Lutz

### M–R

* Filippo Magnini
* James Magnussen
* Maluma
* Javi Martínez
* Mariano Martínez
* Shawn Mendes
* Lionel Messi
* Scott McGregor
* Noah Mills
* Donovan Mitchell
* Matthew Mitcham
* Christian Monzon
* Miro Moreira
* Rafael Nadal
* Hidetoshi Nakata
* Garrett Neff
* Simon Nessman
* Cam Newton
* Neymar
* Felix Neureuther
* Brett Novek
* Aitor Ocio
* Jim Palmer
* Horacio Pancheri
* Lance Parker
* Lukas Podolski
* Antoni Porowski
* John Quinlan
* Patrick Rafter
* Anthony Ramos
* Stuart Reardon
* Trevante Rhodes
* Adam Rickitt
* Alan Ritchson
* James Rodríguez
* Cristiano Ronaldo
* Massimiliano Rosolino

### S–Z

* Antonio Sabàto Jr.
* Chris Salvatore
* Danny Schwarz
* Adam Senn
* Tomas Skoloudik
* Tobias Sorensen
* Christian Sprenger
* Eamon Sullivan
* Channing Tatum
* Aaron Taylor-Johnson
* Gonçalo Teixeira
* Marlon Teixeira
* Ian Thorpe
* Janko Tipsarević
* Usher
* Andrés Velencoso
* Fernando Verdasco
* Mark Wahlberg
* Tony Ward
* Joel West
* Jeremy Allen White
* David Williams
* Robert Scott Wilson
* David Witts
* Nick Youngquest
* David Zepeda
# 2025 Yucatán Open – Singles

Tristan Boyer was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.

## Seeds

* Hugo Dellien
* Cristian Garín
* Juan Pablo Ficovich
* Felipe Meligeni Alves
* Bernard Tomic
* Dmitry Popko
* Rodrigo Pacheco Méndez
* Enzo Couacaud

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |

### Top half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals |
| 1 | H Dellien | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | M Janvier | 5 | 3 | | 1 | H Dellien | | | | |
| Q | Joshua Sheehy | 6 | 1 | 7$^7$ | Q | J Sheehy | | | | |
| | A Mayo | 1 | 6 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | |
| | R Olivo | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | R Olivo |
| | Max Wiskandt | 4 | 6 | 3 | | R Olivo | 6 | 3 | 7$^7$ | |
| | Elmar Ejupovic | 0 | 5 | | 5 | B Tomic | 4 | 6 | 6$^4$ | |
| 5 | B Tomic | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | JP Ficovich | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | |
| Q | Karl Poling | 4 | 5 | | 3 | JP Ficovich | | | | |
| | T Zink | 6 | 6 | | | T Zink | | | | |
| | V Orlov | 4 | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | Garrett Johns | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | Sebastian Gima | 4 | 4 | | | G Johns | | | | |
| | K Feldbausch | 3 | 2 | | 8 | E Couacaud | | | | |
| 8 | E Couacaud | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |

### Bottom half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| 6 | D Popko | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | A Andrade | 3 | 4 | | 6 | D Popko |
| Q | Dan Martin | 6 | 1 | 4 | | JC Prado Ángelo |
| | JC Prado Ángelo | 1 | 6 | 6 | | |
| | Patrick Maloney | 6 | 7$^{12}$ | | | |
| Q | AF Rubio Fierros | 2 | 6$^{10}$ | | | P Maloney |
| WC | Rodrigo Alujas | 3 | 4 | | 4 | F Meligeni Alves |
| 4 | F Meligeni Alves | 6 | 6 | | | |
| 7 | R Pacheco Méndez | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | G Nanda | 0 | 1 | | 7 | R Pacheco Méndez |
| Q | T Hilderbrand | 4 | 2 | | WC | A Hernández |
| WC | A Hernández | 6 | 6 | | | |
| Q | Robin Catry | 3 | 1 | | | |
| | P Nesterov | 6 | 6 | | | P Nesterov |
| WC | Miguel Tobón | 2 | 0 | | 2 | C Garín |
| 2 | C Garín | 6 | 6 | | | |
# Mhasin Fadlalla

Mhasin Fadlalla (born 20 February 1994) is a Sudanese swimmer who competed in the women's 50 metre freestyle as one of two women in the Sudan squad at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.

## Early life

Mhasin Al-Noor Fadlalla was born on 20 February 1994 in Khartoum.

## Swimming career

She appeared at the 2011 FINA World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China. She finished in 81st position overall out of the 87 athletes in the 50 metre freestyle with a time of 38.15 seconds.
Fadlalla was selected as part of the Sudanese team for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. She was one of two women in the squad, alongside Amina Bakhit. Prior to the start of the games, Fadlalla was invited to train using the swimming pool at the Khartoum American School, Khartoum. The school had heard that she was in need of a training facility and was pleased to be able to provide something back in Sudan. Fadlalla was sponsored by telecommunications company Zain Group for her appearance at the London Games.
On 30 July, she attended the Sudanese embassy in London for an Iftar to break her Ramadan fast with other members of the team. She competed in the second heat of the first round of the women's 50 metre freestyle competition on 3 August. Fadlalla finished in seventh position out of the seven swimmers, with a time of 35.07 seconds, immediately behind Aminata Aboubakar Yacoub from Republic of the Congo (35.64 seconds). Fadlalla failed to qualify for the semi-finals, and her Olympic competition ended with her single appearance. She finished overall in 70th position, but was one place faster than fellow African Nafissatou Moussa Adamou from Niger.
# 2025 Yucatán Open – Singles

Tristan Boyer was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.

## Seeds

* Hugo Dellien
* Cristian Garín
* Juan Pablo Ficovich
* Felipe Meligeni Alves
* Bernard Tomic (second round)
* Dmitry Popko
* Rodrigo Pacheco Méndez
* Enzo Couacaud

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final |

### Top half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Second round | Quarterfinals |
| 1 | H Dellien | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | M Janvier | 5 | 3 | | 1 | H Dellien | | | | |
| Q | Joshua Sheehy | 6 | 1 | 7$^7$ | Q | J Sheehy | | | | |
| | A Mayo | 1 | 6 | 6$^2$ | | | | | | |
| | R Olivo | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | | R Olivo |
| | Max Wiskandt | 4 | 6 | 3 | | R Olivo | 6 | 3 | 7$^7$ | |
| | Elmar Ejupovic | 0 | 5 | | 5 | B Tomic | 4 | 6 | 6$^4$ | |
| 5 | B Tomic | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | |
| 3 | JP Ficovich | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | |
| Q | Karl Poling | 4 | 5 | | 3 | JP Ficovich | | | | |
| | T Zink | 6 | 6 | | | T Zink | | | | |
| | V Orlov | 4 | 0 | | | | | | | |
| | Garrett Johns | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |
| | Sebastian Gima | 4 | 4 | | | G Johns | | | | |
| | K Feldbausch | 3 | 2 | | 8 | E Couacaud | | | | |
| 8 | E Couacaud | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | |

### Bottom half

| First round | First round | First round | First round | First round | Second round | Second round |
| 6 | D Popko | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | A Andrade | 3 | 4 | | 6 | D Popko |
| Q | Dan Martin | 6 | 1 | 4 | | JC Prado Ángelo |
| | JC Prado Ángelo | 1 | 6 | 6 | | |
| | Patrick Maloney | 6 | 7$^{12}$ | | | |
| Q | AF Rubio Fierros | 2 | 6$^{10}$ | | | P Maloney |
| WC | Rodrigo Alujas | 3 | 4 | | 4 | F Meligeni Alves |
| 4 | F Meligeni Alves | 6 | 6 | | | |
| 7 | R Pacheco Méndez | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | G Nanda | 0 | 1 | | 7 | R Pacheco Méndez |
| Q | T Hilderbrand | 4 | 2 | | WC | A Hernández |
| WC | A Hernández | 6 | 6 | | | |
| Q | Robin Catry | 3 | 1 | | | |
| | P Nesterov | 6 | 6 | | | P Nesterov |
| WC | Miguel Tobón | 2 | 0 | | 2 | C Garín |
| 2 | C Garín | 6 | 6 | | | |
# Niger at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Niger competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004.

## Athletics

Nigerien athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard).

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Ibrahim Tondi | 400 m hurdles | 52.62 | 7 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Salamtou Hassane | 400 m | 1:03.28 NR | 7 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

### Key

* Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* Q = Qualified for the next round
* q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* NR = National record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

## Judo

| Athlete | Event | Round of 32 | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Repechage 1 | Repechage 2 | Repechage 3 | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Athlete | Event | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Opposition Result | Rank |
| Abdou Alassane Dji Bo | Men's −66 kg | Krnáč (SVK) L 0000–0200 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | Peñas (ESP) L 0000–1101 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |

## Swimming
### Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | Heat | Semifinal | Semifinal | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Ibrahim Maliki | 50 m freestyle | 26.81 | 69 | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance | did not advance |
# ST Cephei

ST Cephei (ST Cep), also known as BD +56° 2793, is a large variable star located in the constellation Cepheus. It has an apparent magnitude of +8.09, and is over a hundred times the radius of the Sun.

## Distance

ST Cephei is very far from the solar system, and its parallax was not measured by the Hipparcos satellite. Its membership in the Cepheus OB2-B stellar association allows its distance to be estimated at 830 parsecs, or 2,715 light years.

## Characteristics

ST Cephei is a red supergiant of spectral type M3I—previously cataloged as M2I—with an effective temperature of 3,600 Kelvin. It is a large supergiant; estimates of its radius range from 175 to 290 solar radii. Considering an intermediate radius between both values, if it were in the place of the Sun, its surface would extend to the Earth's orbit. Despite this, its size is far from the two known hypergiants in this constellation, μ Cephei and VV Cephei.
The bolometric luminosity of ST Cephei is 8,400 times greater than that of the Sun. It has a mass 9 times greater than the Sun, at the limit from which stars end their lives by exploding as supernovae. Like other analogous supergiants, it loses mass; Its loss of stellar mass—in the form of dust, since the atomic and molecular gas could not be evaluated—is quantified at 2.5 × 10-9 solar masses per year.
In 1910 it was announced that Evelyn Leland had discovered that the star is a variable star. That same year it was given its variable star designation, ST Cephei. Listed as an LC irregular variable star, the brightness of ST Cephei varies by about two magnitudes, with no period recognized.