# Ivan Shishkin

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (Russian: Иван Иванович Шишкин; 25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1832 – 20 March [O.S. 8 March] 1898) was a Russian landscape painter and graphic artist, one of the most famous landscape painters of the post-reform era, and the creator of the iconic painting Morning in a Pine Forest. He was an academician (since 1865), professor (since 1873), and full member (since 1893, under the new charter) of the Imperial Academy of Arts, as well as a professor and head of the landscape workshop at the Higher Art School (1894–1895). He was also one of the founding members of the Peredvizhniki movement (since 1870).

## Biography

Shishkin was born to a Russian merchant family in Yelabuga of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of Tatarstan) and graduated from the Kazan gymnasium. Then he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for four years. After that, he attended the Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts from 1856 to 1860 and graduated with the highest honours and a gold medal. He received the imperial scholarship for his further studies in Europe.
Five years later Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St Petersburg and was professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Highest Art School in St Petersburg.
For some time Shishkin lived and worked in Switzerland and Germany on scholarship from the St Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts. On his return to Saint Petersburg he became a member of the Circle of the Itinerants and of the Society of Russian Etchers. He also took part in exhibitions at the Academy of Arts, the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the Nizhniy Novgorod (1896) and the World Fairs (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and Vienna, 1873). Shishkin's painting method was based on analytical studies of nature. He became famous for his forest landscapes and was also an outstanding draftsman and a printmaker.
Ivan Shishkin owned a dacha in Vyra, south of St Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds. In 1891 he was appointed professor-director of the landscape class in the Academy's Advanced Art School. In 1898 he completed his painting The Pine Grove and died on 20 March in St Petersburg while working on his new painting.
A minor planet 3558 Shishkin, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1978, is named after him.

## Gallery

* View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg, 1856
* View of Valaam Island. Kukko, 1860
* In the Rye, 1866
* Swiss Landscape, 1866
* Lumbering, 1867
* Walk in the Forest, 1869
* Noon. Neighborhoods of Moscow, 1869
* Birch Forest, 1871
* A Pine Forest. Mast-Timber forest in Viatka Province, 1872
* Backwoods, 1872
* Coniferous forest, 1873
* First snow, 1875
* The Dark Wood, 1876
* Rye, 1878
* Forest Edge, 1878
* Wilds, 1881
* Brook in a Birch Forest, 1883
* Pine on Sand, 1884
* Forest Distance, 1884
* Polesie Landscape, 1884
* The Edge of the Forest, 1884
* Oak Grove, 1887
* Morning in a Pine Forest, 1889
* The Rocky Landscape, 1889
* Haystacks, Preobrazhenskoe, 1890
* Winter, 1890
* In the Wild North, 1891
* Rain in an Oak Forest, 1891
* After the Storm in Meri Hovi, 1891
* Forest, 1895
* Twilight, 1896
* At the Edge of the Pine Forest, 1897