OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Predictive validity

In psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure.
For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings. Such a cognitive test would have predictive validity if the observed correlation were statistically significant.
Predictive validity shares similarities with concurrent validity in that both are generally measured as correlations between a test and some criterion measure. In a study of concurrent validity the test is administered at the same time as the criterion is collected. This is a common method of developing validity evidence for employment tests: A test is administered to incumbent employees, then a rating of those employees' job performance is, or has already been, obtained independently of the test (often, as noted above, in the form of a supervisor rating). Note the possibility for restriction of range both in test scores and performance scores: The incumbent employees are likely to be a more homogeneous and higher performing group than the applicant pool at large.
In a strict study of predictive validity, the test scores are collected first. Then, at some later time the criterion measure is collected. Thus, for predictive validity, the employment test example is slightly different: Tests are administered, perhaps to job applicants, and then after those individuals work in the job for a year, their test scores are correlated with their first year job performance scores. Another relevant example is SAT scores: These are validated by collecting the scores during the examinee's senior year and high school and then waiting a year (or more) to correlate the scores with their first year college grade point average. Thus predictive validity provides somewhat more useful data about test validity because it has greater fidelity to the real situation in which the test will be used. After all, most tests are administered to find out something about future behavior.
As with many aspects of social science, the magnitude of the correlations obtained from predictive validity studies is usually not high. A typical predictive validity for an employment test might obtain a correlation in the neighborhood of r = .35. Higher values are occasionally seen and lower values are very common. Nonetheless, the utility (that is the benefit obtained by making decisions using the test) provided by a test with a correlation of .35 can be quite substantial. More information, and an explanation of the relationship between variance and predictive validity, can be found here.

## Predictive validity in modern validity theory

The latest Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing reflect Samuel Messick's model of validity and do not use the term "predictive validity." Rather, the Standards describe validity-supporting "Evidence Based on Relationships [between the test scores and] Other Variables."
Predictive validity involves testing a group of subjects for a certain construct, and then comparing them with results obtained at some point in the future.
# Browser (cat)

Browser is an American library cat that lives in White Settlement Public Library, near Fort Worth, Texas, United States. He is a grey tabby cat. In July 2016, Browser was evicted from the library by the local municipality, provoking an international backlash that resulted in a re-vote, and a unanimous decision permitting him to stay.

## Eviction attempt

Browser was adopted by White Settlement Public Library from a local animal shelter in October 2010. Originally he was obtained to control rodents, but later became a popular mascot of the library among patrons, even featuring in the library's fundraising calendar.
On June 14, 2016, White Settlement City Council voted by a majority of two to one votes to remove Browser from the library. The removal motion was made by councillor Elzie Clements, who claimed, “City Hall and City businesses are no place for animals”, and council member Paul Moore, who was primarily concerned about triggering people with allergies to cats. Mayor Ron White claimed that the motion to remove Browser was a response to a council worker not being permitted to bring his puppy to City Hall.

## Later developments

In response to the eviction decision, a petition to permit Browser to remain in the library attracted over 12,000 signatures worldwide, and Mayor White received over 1,500 emails advocating for Browser to be permitted to remain in the library. On July 1, 2016, White Settlement City Council unanimously voted to reverse its earlier eviction decision.
Browser was subsequently dubbed by the mayor as "Library Cat for Life".
Browser was featured in the library's yearly calendar as a fundraiser, effectively bringing in more money than he cost.
On December 13, 2016, Clements again tried to bring the council to vote to remove Browser, claiming “I’m a council member and I can put anything I want on the consent agenda”, but the motion did not pass. This would be the last meeting attended by Councilman Clements as an elected official. Clements had been defeated decisively during his council re-election bid in November 2016, and died on January 1, 2022.
# Somali Traditional Medicine

Somali traditional medicine is a holistic healing system that has been practiced for centuries, incorporating herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and specialized treatments for various ailments. Rooted in indigenous knowledge, it draws upon over 500 documented medicinal plants, including the widely recognized Boswellia frereana (frankincense) and the Gob tree (Commiphora myrrha), which have been used for skincare and anti-inflammatory purposes. Traditional Somali healers, known as cilaaj practitioners, employ plant-based therapies, cupping (xasaas), and bone-setting techniques. Oral traditions and community knowledge transmission have ensured the preservation of these healing practices, which continue to be used alongside modern medicine in Somali communities worldwide.

## Brain surgery

Historical accounts suggest that Somali traditional doctors performed successful brain surgeries before the first widely recognized brain tumor resection in 1879.

## Malaria

In 1856, the British explorer Richard Burton noted that Somalis in the town of Zelia (Zeila) believed fevers were linked to mosquito bites. Burton dismissed this view as a "superstition," yet it aligns with the modern understanding that malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

## Herbal medicine

Somali traditional medicine uses Acacia tortilis to treat asthma. Scientific studies confirm its effectiveness and safety.
# Are We There Yet? (book)

Are We There Yet? (A Journey Around Australia) is a 2004 children's picture book by Australian author and illustrator Alison Lester. It is about a girl named Grace going on a road trip around Australia.

## Plot summary

Set on Australia, Grace, an eight year old girl, is taken on a road trip around Australia with her family. Before the trip started, the family had practiced living in their grandfather's caravan for three months. Before they leave, Grace helps her grandmother pin a big map of Australia so they can follow their journey.
During the trip, the family sightsees multiple destinations, including the Barossa Valley and camping on the edge of Flinders Ranges. The family also sees Streaky Bay, Murphy's Haystacks, the Nullarbor Plain, and the Great Australian Bight. The family then goes to Rottnest Island, Perth, the Pinnacles, Monkey Mia to see whales, Turquoise Bay, Broome, Tunnel Creek National Park, Tanami Track, Uluru, the Katherine Gorge, Kakadu National Park, Gunlom Falls, the Barkly Highway, et cetera.
At the end of the road trip, Grace hugs her pet animals.

## Awards

The book has won the following:
* Shortlisted in 2004 Nielsen BookData Booksellers Choice Awards (Prize for Writing for Young Adults)
* Winner in 2005 CBC Book of the Year (Picture Book)
* Shortlisted in 2006 Books I Love Best Yearly (BILBY) – QLD Awards (Early readers)
* Winner in 2006 Kids Own Australian Literature Award (KOALA) (Picture Book)
* Shortlisted in 2007 Kids Own Australian Literature Award (KOALA) (Picture Book)
* Shortlisted in 2008 Kids Own Australian Literature Award (KOALA) (Picture Book)
* Honour Book in 2009 Kids Own Australian Literature Award (KOALA) (Picture Book)
* Shortlisted in 2008 KROC Award (Picture Book)
* Winner in 2009 KROC Award (Picture Book)
* Winner in 2006 Young Australian Best Book Award (YABBA) (Picture Book)
* Winner in 2009 Young Australian Best Book Award (YABBA) (Picture Book)
# John Van Koert

John Van Owen Koert (July 20, 1912 – October 11, 1998) was an American designer and artist known for promoting Danish modern Design.

## Early life

John Van Koert was born in Minneapolis, Minnesato to John Henry Van Kort and Eleanor Owen. Sometime prior to 1916 the family moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He attended the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee to study art and sculpture. He later was a faculty member in the art department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison

## Furniture

Drexel Funiture
The Designer furniture line was introduced in 1964 at the International Home Furnishings Market in Chicago, Illinois.

## Art

His work The Choosing of the County Seat was a mural painted in 1940 above the postmaster’s door at the Neillsville, Wisconsin Post Office.
Two of Van Kort's work are at the Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Concert and Two Girls in Railroad Coach.

## Silverwork

Towle Silversmiths

## Patents

From 1951 to 1979, John Van Koert filed more than 30 design patens for his work.
* U.S. patent D161720 - Design for a fork or similar article - 1951
# Multimillionaire (9lives and Trippie Redd song)

"Multimillionaire" is a single by Odetari, 9lives & Trippie Redd, released on January 19, 2024, through PULSE Records. The song peaked at number forty-three on the Billboard charts.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.
* Maxwell Warren Jardine – composer, lyricist, producer, programming, recording enginner, studio personnel, mixer
* Taha Othman Ahmad – composer, lyricist, studio personnel, mixer
* Michael Lamar White IV – Vocals, composer, lyricist
* Igor Mamet - mixer

## Charts

Chart performance for "Multimillionaire" :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard) | 43 |
# Elin Hilderbrand

Elin Hilderbrand (born July 17, 1969) is an American writer of beach reads that are often focused on mystery and romance. Her novels are typically set on and around Nantucket, where she resides. In 2019, New York magazine called her "the queen of beach reads".

## Early life and education

Born and raised in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, Hildebrand spent her summers on Cape Cod, "playing touch football at low tide, collecting sea glass, digging pools for hermit crabs, swimming out to the wooden raft off shore", until her father died in a plane crash when she was 16. She spent the next summer working in a factory that made Halloween costumes. While working at the factory, she promised herself to find a way to spend every summer at the beach.
She attended university at Johns Hopkins University majoring in creative writing. After graduating, she became a teaching and writing fellow at the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop.

## Career

Hilderbrand moved to Nantucket in 1993, working as a "classified ads girl" at a local paper. During her first trip to Nantucket, she met her now ex-husband, Chip Cunningham.
Her first novel The Beach Club was published in 2000. This novel was chosen as the People Magazine Beach Read of the Week. Beginning in 2000, her novels were published by St. Martin's Press. Since Barefoot in 2007, they have been published by Little, Brown and Company.
Hilderbrand has put Nantucket on the map. Her writing shows that Nantucket is not just a beach town but a literary backdrop. Her novels' locations are written from reality, featuring local businesses and landmarks in current-day Nantucket like the Brant Point Light and "The Chicken Box".. Moreover, despite many of her books not being apart of a book series, characters and locations overlap.
Her 2018 book The Perfect Couple, which was her first murder mystery was adapted by Netflix and released as a miniseries with the same name in 2024, starring Nicole Kidman, Liev Schreiber, Eve Hewson and Dakota Fanning.
Ellen Pompeo has been working with ABC to adapt Hilderbrand's Paradise Trilogy into a TV series in which she would star after her departure as the lead actress in Grey's Anatomy.
After her 30th book was published, The Swan Song, Hilderbrand made the decision to retire from Nantucket based novels. Her latest inspiration is a two part book series based on her daughter, Shelby Cunningham's experience at St George's School in Newport, Rhode Island. The first book of the series is expected to release in Fall 2025.

## Personal life

In 1995 Hilderbrand married Chip Cunningham at The Chanticleer in the Nantucket village of Siasconset. They have three children, and were divorced in 2015.
Hilderbrand was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2014, undergoing a double mastectomy. Since 2014, she has undergone many reconstructive surgeries. Hilderbrand has been very vocal about her diagnosis and empowering other women through her movement, #mamastrong. This initiative sends her books to cancer centers around the United States.
# H. C. Weeden

Henry Clay Weeden (1862-1937) was an editor and author in the United States who wrote Weeden's history of the Colored people of Louisville. It was published in 1897. He edited the Christian Index and later the Zion's Banner publications. He was a delegate at Republican National Conventions for 10 years. He belong to the Knight Templar and Mason fraternal organizations. He was a Republican and a member of the National Republican League.
He was born enslaved. Elijah P. Marrs, Dr. Stuart Robinson, and Colonel Bennett H. Young helped educate him.
He had editorials reprinted in the New York Independent newspaper and he served as a correspondent during the Grand Army of the Republic Escarpment in Louisville. He served as president of the Mendelssohn Singing Association. He had a law degree.
He helped organize Louisville Cemetery and was a trustee at Atkinson Literary and Industrial College.
# Somali Traditional Medicine

Somali traditional medicine is a holistic healing system that has been practiced for centuries, incorporating herbal remedies, spiritual healing, and specialized treatments for various ailments. Rooted in indigenous knowledge, it draws upon over 500 documented medicinal plants, including the widely recognized Boswellia frereana (frankincense) and the Gob tree (Commiphora myrrha), which have been used for skincare and anti-inflammatory purposes. Traditional Somali healers, known as cilaaj practitioners, employ plant-based therapies, cupping (xasaas), and bone-setting techniques. Oral traditions and community knowledge transmission have ensured the preservation of these healing practices, which continue to be used alongside modern medicine in Somali communities worldwide.

## Brain surgery

Historical accounts suggest that Somali traditional doctors performed successful brain surgeries before the first widely recognized brain tumor resection in 1879.

## Malaria

In 1856, the British explorer Richard Francis Burton noted that Somalis in the town of Zelia (Zeila) believed fevers were linked to mosquito bites. Burton dismissed this view as a "superstition," yet it aligns with the modern understanding that malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

## Herbal medicine

Somali traditional medicine uses Acacia tortilis to treat asthma. Scientific studies confirm its effectiveness and safety.
# James Parks (actor)

James Jean Parks (born November 16, 1968) is an American actor known for his roles as Texas Ranger Edgar McGraw in From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money, Kill Bill: Volume 1, Kill Bill: Volume 2, Death Proof and Machete.

## Biography

Parks was born in Ojai, California. Earl McGraw, the father of Edgar McGraw, is played by James's real life father, Michael Parks. He portrayed Deputy Gilber in the French horror film Rubber. Parks also acted alongside his father again in Kevin Smith's 2011 horror film, Red State, and appeared in Quentin Tarantino's films Django Unchained (as a tracker) and The Hateful Eight (as O.B. Jackson).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1991 | Conagher | Curly | TV movie |
| 1992 | Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me | Service Station Mechanic | |
| 1999 | From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money | Edgar McGraw | |
| 2000 | $pent | Grant | |
| 2002 | Crocodile 2: Death Swamp | Squid | |
| 2003 | Kill Bill: Volume 1 | Edgar McGraw | |
| 2003 | Star Trek: Enterprise | Deputy Bennings | Season 3; Episode 9 |
| 2004 | Deadwood | Clell Watson | Season 1; Episode 1 |
| 2004 | Kill Bill: Volume 2 | Edgar McGraw | |
| 2005 | Daltry Calhoun | Arlo | |
| 2005 | House of the Dead 2 | Bart | |
| 2006 | Eight Days to Live | Anderson | TV movie |
| 2006 | In ascolto | Anthony Ashe | |
| 2006 | Islander | Pokey | |
| 2006 | The Darkroom | Dwayne | |
| 2007 | Grindhouse | Edgar McGraw | (segment "Death Proof") |
| 2007 | Fighting Words | Fresno Pete | |
| 2007 | Death Proof | Edgar McGraw | |
| 2008 | Three Priests | Johnny | |
| 2008 | Noble Things | J.C. | |
| 2008 | Street Poet | Fresno Pete | |
| 2010 | Rubber | Cop Doug | |
| 2010 | Amigo | Sgt. Runnels | |
| 2010 | Machete | Edgar McGraw | Uncredited |
| 2011 | Red State | Mordechai | |
| 2012 | Django Unchained | Tracker | |
| 2013 | The Elevator: Three Minutes Can Change Your Life | Jack | |
| 2014 | Child of Grace | Graham | |
| 2015 | The Hateful Eight | O.B. Jackson | |
| 2017–2019 | The Son | Niles Gilbert | TV series |
| 2019 | The Walking Dead | Captured Whisperer | 2 episodes |
# Jub Jub (musician)

Molemo Katleho Maarohanye (known professionally as Jub Jub;born 29 June 1980) is a South African Media Personality who is a successful and hip hop artist and TV Host of popular shows such as Uyajola 9/9, You Promised to Marry Me and Uthando Noxolo which air on Mojalove DSTV Channel 157. Jub Jub is a child star who was discovered in 1991 when he partook in a popular Coca-Cola TV advertisement that featured soccer legend Doctor Khumalo. He went on to present multiple TV shows such as Jam Alley, Channel O and Selimathunzi amongst many. Before he was convicted of culpable homicide for the death of four children in December 2012, he was one of the highest selling rappers in South Africa having achieved platinum status for his albums “Rare Breed” and “My Shine”. He is the son of controversial businesswoman Jackie Maarohanye. Jub Jub currently hosts the reality show, Uyajola 9/9which focuses on exposing cheating partners and spouses. He also successfully released the remake of his “Ndikokhele” hit in 2020 as well as a remake of the popular Umbedesho titled “Ngi thembe wena” in 2021.

## Biography

Following his release from prison in January 2017, Jub Jub vowed to turn his life around. Shortly after his release, the musician released a song called "Ke Kopa Tshwarelo" (Please forgive me). As of 2019, he has made several TV appearances and is currently the host of the Moja Love reality show, Uyajola 9/9.

## Court case

On 8 March 2010 he and his friend Themba Tshabalala caused a serious accident when they were drag racing under the influence of hard drugs on a public road near a school. Four children were killed and another two survived with brain damage. On 5 December 2012, both were sentenced to 25 years in jail each for murder, attempted murder and three related offences. An appeal was heard on 7 February 2014. On 8 October 2014 Jub Jub and Tshabalala's murder conviction was overturned to culpable homicide in a high court in Johannesburg. Their sentences were reduced from 25 years to 10 years, starting from 2012. On 5 January 2017 he was released on parole after serving 4 years, one month and one day of his sentence; Tshabalala was also released on parole the same day.

## Personal life

In 2016, in an interview with MTV Base, Jub Jub's ex-girlfriend, fellow South African artist Kelly Khumalo accused Jub Jub of physically abusing her. Khumalo claimed that during Jub Jub's 2010 arrest for a drag racing incident, she was "dealing with a partner who [was] going through a very serious case, who was also very abusive, emotionally and physically". Jub Jub has denied the accusations. Khumalo revealed in June 2019 she does not allow Jub Jub to see his son.In 2021, his ex-girlfriend, Amanda du-Pont accused him of having raped her during their relationship over a decade ago. This followed an interview that was conducted by Jub Jub on “Podcast and Chill with MacG” where he said he slept with her.
# Luthers Mills, Pennsylvania

Luthers Mills is a village in Burlington Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The village is located east of the borough of Burlington and north of U.S. Route 6. Luthers Mills and Highland are the only villages in Burlington Township.

## Notable person

* Roger A. Madigan (1930-2018), Pennsylvania State Senator and Representative
# Hédi Jouini

Hédi Jouini (1 November 1909 – 30 November 1990) was a Tunisian singer, oud player, and composer. In his long career, Jouini composed close to 1,070 songs and 56 operettas. His songs are inspired by traditional Andalusian music, and found great popularity in Tunisia and the countries of the Mashriq.

## Life
### Early life

He was born Mohamed Hédi Ben Abdessalem Ben Ahmed Ben Hassine in the Bab Jedid quarter of Tunis. In his youth, he sang religious hymns for local ceremonies, including those for circumcision. He abandoned academic pursuits for music and song. He particularly liked the works of singer Mohammed Abdel Wahab.

### Debut

After a brief sojourn at The Rachidia, from the age of sixteen Jouini began to appear in local bands as a mandolin player. He was introduced to the oud by Mouni Jebali, father of Maurice Meimoun. At 20 years of age, his popularity increased upon singing with the Arruqi troupe at the Bab Souika.
He worked with Mahmoud Bayram al-Tunisi.

### Later life

He played a live concert for the inauguration of Radio Tunis in 1938.
In the 1940s, he appeared in the film Le Possédé by Jean Bastia. He composed songs for the 1948 film La Septième Porte by André Zwobada, in which he appeared along with his wife Widad.
In 1966, he was elevated to the rank of officer of the Order of the Republic of Tunisia by president Habib Bourguiba. He received a new decoration from President Bourguiba in 1982 for his work and contribution to the enrichment of the Tunisian cultural patrimony.
In 1986, he produced his last composisition Masbarnech. A year later, in 1987, Jouini made his last public appearance on stage at the International Festival of Carthage.
In 2018, his granddaughter Claire Belhassine produced a documentary titled Papa Hédi, which explores his personal life, including his traditional views on family, his refusal to allow his partner and daughters to sing, and the conflicts surrounding his legacy.

### Personal life

Hédi Jouini started a family with a Jewish woman twenty years his junior, Ninette, with whom he had four sons and two daughters. Due to his partner's religion, they never married, and their children emigrated to Europe or the United States.

## Influence

A film documenting the life of Hedi Jouini, The Man behind the Microphone, was released in 2017.
# Dino Klapija

Dino Klapija (born January 5, 2007) is a soccer player who is currently part of the academy of Bundesliga club RB Leipzig. Born in the United States, he has represented both his country of birth and Croatia at youth international level.

## Early life

Klapija moved with his family from the United States to Croatia in 2023.

## Career

Klapija played for the youth academy of American side NYCFC, where he was described as "arguably the best player in his category".

## Style of play

Klapija has been described as a "great talent, an offensive midfielder, who can also play as a striker without any problems".

## Personal life

Klapija is of Croatian descent.