OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eliyahu Ben Haim

Eliyahu Ben Chaim (born August 4, 1940) is a Sephardi rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and Orthodox halachist. He is the Av Beit Din (head of the rabbinical court) of Mekor Haim in Queens, New York, and a prominent leader of New York's Sephardi Jewish community.

## Early life

Eliyahu Ben Haim was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine. His father was from Hamedan, Iran and his mother's father from the Hasidoff family of Georgia. In his youth, he studied at Yeshivat Porat Yosef, where he was recognized as a prodigy with a distinguished memory. He attended the shiur of Rabbi Ben Zion Abba Shaul and received semicha (rabbinic ordination) from Rabbi Ezra Attia and other rabbis. At the age of 17, he was tested on the entire Shulchan Aruch. In Porat Yosef, Rabbi Ben Haim fostered a close relationship with Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, who studied Even Ha'ezer with him.

## Community work

In 1962, at the age of 22, he was appointed maggid shiur at Yeshiva Beth Harashal in Jerusalem. Five years later, he became the rosh yeshiva of that yeshiva. In 1973 he began teaching at the Lifshitz Teachers Seminary in Jerusalem. In 1975 he was sent by the Jewish Agency to serve as a rabbi in Tehran, where he hosted Rabbi Ovadia Yosef and Rabbi Ben Tzion Abba Shaul during their respective historic trips to Iran. In Tehran, Ben Haim began serving the local community of Mashadi Jews as a rabbi and hazzan.
In 1979, in the wake of the Iranian Revolution, he went with his family to the United States and served as the chief rabbi of the Mashadi Persian Jewish community of Long Island (UMJCA). Since 1993, he has lectured at Yeshivat Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan (RIETS) at Yeshiva University.
Ben Haim was considered a close friend of Mordechai Eliyahu and delivered many eulogies for him. Ben Haim runs the Beth Din Mekor Haim, where he addresses the needs of the Queens Jewish community in matters of marriage, divorce, conversion, civil law, and kosher supervision. He also runs a kollel affiliated with the Beth Din.

## Beliefs

Rabbi Ben Haim, like his teacher, Ovadia Yosef, advocates using the Kochah DeHeterah (power of leniency) to assist every Jew in need, especially agunot, women whose husbands refuse to provide a get (Jewish bill of divorce).

## Works

Ben Haim's students have released publications containing his rulings. They include:
* Shenot Haim: Laws and Customs of Mourning in Accordance with the Mashadi Jewish Tradition, by Rabbi Mosheh Aziz and Avraham Ben-Haim, Independent Publisher, Nov 21, 2018, ISBN 9781532395581
* טהרת חיים: Laws and Customs of Family Purity in Accordance with the Sephardic Jewish Tradition, by Rabbi Mosheh Aziz, September 1, 2020, ISBN 979-8677304910
# List of male underwear models

The following is a list of male underwear models. This is not a complete list and includes men who have modeled underwear as well as fashion apparel from all over the world. This list excludes models dedicated to pornographic and erotic photography, who may pose in underwear, but the final purpose is to see them naked.

## List of male underwear models
### A–F

* Bad Bunny
* Tyson Ballou
* Nick Bateman
* Eugen Bauder
* Tyson Beckford
* David Beckham
* Jude Bellingham
* Michael Bergin
* Justin Bieber
* Andre Birleanu
* Pietro Boselli
* Nick Bracks
* Mehcad Brooks
* Lars Burmeister
* Cody Calafiore
* Dan Carter
* Anthony Catanzaro
* Will Chalker
* Alex Cheesman
* Oliver Cheshire
* Michael Clarke
* Ben Cohen
* Didier Cohen
* Jai Courtney
* Francesco Cura
* Alberto de la Bella
* Justin Deeley
* Varun Dhawan
* Nyle DiMarco
* Jamie Dornan
* Luca Dotto
* Sandor Earl
* Oscar Emboaba
* Thom Evans
* Travis Fimmel
* Ben Foden
* Mark Foster
* Nolan Gerard Funk

### G–L

* David Gandy
* Angelo Garcia
* Justin Gaston
* Riley Green
* Rob Gronkowski
* Calvin Harris
* James Haskell
* Djimon Hounsou
* Christof Innerhofer
* Stephen James
* Ben Patrick Johnson
* Mitchell Johnson
* Rusty Joiner
* Joe Jonas
* Nick Jonas
* Michael B. Jordan
* Daren Kagasoff
* Brian Kehoe
* Salman Khan
* Jon Kortajarena
* Arthur Kulkov
* Akshay Kumar
* Camille Lacourt
* Francisco Lachowski
* Todd Lasance
* Kayne Lawton
* Marios Lekkas
* William Levy
* Freddie Ljungberg
* Ryan Lochte
* Mario Lopez
* Alex Lundqvist
* Kellan Lutz

### M–R

* Filippo Magnini
* James Magnussen
* Javi Martínez
* Mariano Martínez
* Shawn Mendes
* Lionel Messi
* Scott McGregor
* Noah Mills
* Donovan Mitchell
* Matthew Mitcham
* Christian Monzon
* Miro Moreira
* Rafael Nadal
* Hidetoshi Nakata
* Garrett Neff
* Simon Nessman
* Cam Newton
* Felix Neureuther
* Brett Novek
* Aitor Ocio
* Jim Palmer
* Horacio Pancheri
* Lance Parker
* Lukas Podolski
* Antoni Porowski
* John Quinlan
* Patrick Rafter
* Stuart Reardon
* Trevante Rhodes
* Adam Rickitt
* Alan Ritchson
* James Rodríguez
* Cristiano Ronaldo
* Massimiliano Rosolino

### S–Z

* Antonio Sabàto Jr
* Chris Salvatore
* Danny Schwarz
* Adam Senn
* Tomas Skoloudik
* Tobias Sorensen
* Christian Sprenger
* Eamon Sullivan
* Marlon Teixeira
* Ian Thorpe
* Janko Tipsarević
* Andrés Velencoso
* Fernando Verdasco
* Mark Wahlberg
* Tony Ward
* Joel West
* Jeremy Allen White
* David Williams
* Robert Scott Wilson
* David Witts
* Nick Youngquest
* David Zepeda
# Eva Igo

Eva Igo (born November 9, 2002) is an American dancer and actress. She debuted as a dancer on NBC's World of Dance first season, where she finished as runner-up to Les Twins. Specializes in the following dance styles jazz, contemporary, lyrical, & musical theatre, and technique.

## Personal life

Igo was born and raised in Saint Paul, Minnesota. She began dancing at Larkin Dance Studio in Maplewood, Minnesota at age 3, and began competing at age 5.

## Career

At the age of fourteen, Igo competed in the first season of NBC's World of Dance in 2017. She finished second to Les Twins by 0.1 points, and came first in the Junior Division. She returned in Season 2.
Following her participation in World of Dance, she performed across the United States and Canada on the World of Dance LIVE Tour in 2017, and headlined at VidCon 2018.
Igo was also featured in Jennifer Lopez's music video, "Amor, Amor, Amor," directed by Jessy Terrero.
She won the Industry Dance Awards for "Most Fierce Dancer Under 18". She was also nominated for a People's Choice Award as the "Competition Contestant of 2018".
In 2019, Igo made a guest appearance on Season 5 of Dance Plus in Mumbai.
Igo worked with Welling Films in AXI: Avengers of Xtreme Illusions, alongside actors/dancers Preslee Bishop, Chloe Klitus, and Darrin Dewitt Henson. She made her feature film debut in 2018, starring in The Last Astronaut, directed by Shawn Welling. She won "Rising Star" at WorldFest Houston in 2019 for her role as Evena in The Last Astronaut.
Igo is a teaching artist working with dancers across the continental United States. They are currently on faculty with Ultimate Dance Tour and teach with Librate Artists.
# The Last Hero (disambiguation)

The Last Hero is a fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett.
The Last Hero may also refer to:
* The Last Hero (The Saint), a 1930 adventure novel by Leslie Charteris
* The Last Hero (album), a 2016 album by Alter Bridge
* Last Hero, a Russian reality TV series
* Posledniy geroy (The Last Hero in English), a 1989 album by Soviet band Kino
# Boussouar El Maghnaoui

Boussouar El Maghnaoui (born 1955 in Oujda, Morocco) is a moroccan rai singer-songwriter.

## Biography

Born in 1955 in Oujda, Morocco. He recounts it in his song "ya zina diri latay" He has worked with several Algerian rai singers throughout the years, including Bellemou Messaoud, Boutaiba Sghir, Brahim Ounassar, Fadila, Groupe el Azhar, and Groupe Gana.

## Discography

* Khodi brayti / Ya zina diri latay (Hillali, recorded in 1975)
* EP with Gana el Maghnaoui (El Anwar, 1977)
* Dayak oulabasse / Salamate salamate with Bellemou Messaoud (El Mehar, 1978)
* Dayek ou labes / Salamate salamate (Azhar)
* LP with Boutaiba Sghir (Edition MK7)
* LP with Fadila
* Pop Ray (Ouaka, 1986)
* Gouli oui oui (Believe / Brahim Ounassar, 2013)
* Je t'aime l'Algerie (1978)

## Songs

* Khla dar mha
* Gouli oui oui
* Ya raiy
* Khali ya khali
* Fakerni besslam
* Baouna hellou lamale
* Mazalki sghira
* Hak chtaytak
* Ya wahrania, waldik fakou bya
* El-Djazair
* Sonatrach
* Je t'aime l'Algerie
* Diri lataye
# Kerrytown, Ann Arbor

Kerrytown borders the Old Fourth Ward historic district in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. It is approximately bound by Main Street to the west, Depot Street to the north, Division Street to the east, and Huron Street to the south. It is known for its brick streets and sidewalks, diverse array of shops and vibrant culture. It includes several iconic establishments, including the Ann Arbor Farmers Market, the Kerrytown Concert House, Zingerman's Deli, the Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum, and Community High School. Kerrytown is also known for its LGBT population and progressive politics.
The Kerrytown Farmers' Market, started in May 1919 and moved to its current location in 1921, is a central public space in the district.

## History

Kerrytown was part of the original Village of Annarbour, settled first in 1824 and incorporated in 1851 and was named after County Kerry in Ireland.
The Kerrytown District Association organizes events in the neighborhood. In July 2017, the Association began First Fridays, an event occurring on the first Friday of every month to promote local business and tourism. Kerrytown also hosts an annual Christmas tree lighting.
Ann Arbor Pride, the pride parade of Ann Arbor, has been celebrated annually in Kerrytown since 1994. The neighborhood was the site of Aut Bar, the only gay bar in Ann Arbor, established in 1995 and closed in 2020.

## Gallery

* Community High School
* Michigan Central Railroad Depot
* Street musician
# Kanna Nakamura

Kanna Nakamura (中村 カンナ, Nakamura Kanna, born October 26) is a Japanese voice actress who is affiliated with Rush Style. She started her voice acting activities in 2018, and in 2022 she played her first main role as Urushi Yaotome in the anime series When Will Ayumu Make His Move?.

## Biography

From childhood, Nakamura had a tendency to make people laugh. However, she developed a complex about her appearance as she was fat, and wanted to find a field where she could overcome this complex. She was first inspired to pursue voice acting after seeing Miyuki Sawashiro's performance in the anime series Rozen Maiden, an interest that further developed when she became a teenager and became a fan of Yukari Tamura.
Nakamura moved to Tokyo after graduating from high school, and started attending voice acting school while in university. After spending two years at one school, she transferred to a training school run by the talent agency Rush Style. She became affiliated with Rush Style after finishing her training and started her activities in 2018. Among her earliest roles was in the Japanese version of the visual novel The Fox Awaits Me, which was released in 2020.
In 2022, Nakamura was cast in her first main role as Urushi Yaotome in the anime series When Will Ayumu Make His Move?, where she also performed the series' ending theme "50 Centi" (50センチ). She has also been cast as Narita Top Road in the multimedia franchise Uma Musume Pretty Derby. The following year, she was cast in the roles of Hazelita in Saint Cecilia and Pastor Lawrence and Anne in Four Knights of the Apocalypse.

## Filmography
### Anime
#### 2022

* When Will Ayumu Make His Move?, Urushi Yaotome

#### 2023

* Saint Cecilia and Pastor Lawrence, Hazelita
* Four Knights of the Apocalypse, Anne
* Classroom for Heroes, Une

#### 2024

* Gods' Games We Play, Nel Reckless
* I'll Become a Villainess Who Goes Down in History, Alicia Williams
* Himitsu no AiPri as Miss Macaroon

#### 2025

* The Gorilla God's Go-To Girl, Sofia Reeler
* Pass the Monster Meat, Milady!, Melphiera Marchalrayd
* The Too-Perfect Saint: Tossed Aside by My Fiancé and Sold to Another Kingdom, Himari
* There's No Freaking Way I'll be Your Lover! Unless..., Renako Amaori

### Web animation
#### 2023

* Uma Musume: Pretty Derby - Road to the Top, Narita Top Road

### Video games

* The Fox Awaits Me, Mimiru
* Uma Musume Pretty Derby, Narita Top Road
* Arknights, Poncirus
* Aether Gazer, Kuramitsuha
# Alison Patteson

Alison Patteson is a biophysicist at Syracuse University. She is the winner of multiple awards including the 2024 Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award and the Dissertation Award in Statistical and Non-linear Physics from the American Physical Society, as well as the National Science Foundation CAREER Award.

## Career

Alison Patteson was interested in mathematics and its applications in undergraduate school. She worked on multiple research projects as an undergraduate including a summer research program at the University of Chicago. Patteson was awarded bachelors degrees in mathematics and physics from Kutztown University in 2011.
In 2016 she earned her doctorate in mechanical engineering and applied mechanics from the University of Pennsylvania. As a result of her graduate work, she was the first recipient of the Dissertation Award in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics of the American Physical Society in 2018. The award cited her work on non-equilibrium systems including active matter and fluid dynamics.
In January 2018 Patteson began work as an assistant professor in the physics department at Syracuse University. She is currently an associate professor in the physics department and also has an affiliation with the biology department.
In 2024 Patteson received the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for outstanding research by a woman in physics in the early stages of her career. The award cited her work on the physics of living systems including the mechanics of bacteria movement and the influence of the cell's cytoskeleton on cell functions.
Patteson studies the formation of biofilms, cell migration, the way cells respond to their environment, and other aspects of cellular biomechanics. Her research also includes a focus on the role of the protein vimentin, which forms filaments to protect against damage to the DNA in the cell nucleus after a wound. intermediate filaments, the network of proteins protects the nucleus against deformation, rupture and DNA damage during migration, often present in processes like wound healing. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Patteson in collaboration with Jennifer Schwarz began researching how antibodies against vimentin could be used to block the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in cells.

## Honors and awards

* 2024 Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award, American Physical Society
* 2023 CAREER Award, National Science Foundation
* 2023 Sloan Research Fellow, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
* 2023 Cottrell Scholar, Research Corporation
* 2018 Dissertation Award in Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, American Physical Society
* 2012 Graduate Research Fellow, National Science Foundation
# Maria Márkus

Maria Renata Márkus (1936–2017) was a Polish sociologist and philosopher. She was educated in philosophy at the Lomonosov University in Moscow from 1952 to 1957 and was awarded her master's degree in Poland in 1957. She moved to Hungary in 1957 and became a research fellow at the Institute of Philosophy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and was a founding member of the Institute of Sociology at the academy where she worked closely with András Hegedüs. In 2010, a Festschrift was published in her honour. The journal Thesis Eleven published an issue to commemorate her in 2019.
She was a member of the “Budapest School” of Marxism, along with other philosophers and sociologists such as Ágnes Heller, György Márkus, István Mészáros, Ferenc Fehér and Mihály Vajda. The School was disbanded after the Prague Spring and many of its members forced into exile. Márkus, along with other members of the School, lost her academic position on ideological and political grounds. She moved to Australia in 1978 and worked as a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of New South Wales. She has published widely on topics including on the sociology of work, industrial sociology, political sociology, the sociology of economics, stratification, philosophy and sociological theory, feminism and industry, as well as on the shifting boundaries of the private and public spheres. The idea of a 'decent society' emerged as a central theme in her later work. Equally important in her work, but also in the broader work of the Budapest School and their interest in the idea of needs, was Maria Markus' idea of the 'politicisation of needs' within the School's broader framework of radical democracy.
She was a "friend and intellectual ally of Agnes Heller". Markus was married to Hungarian philosopher György Márkus.

## Selected publications

* Markus, M. R. (2010), 'Can solitude be recaptured for the sake of intimacy?', in H. Blatterer, P. Johnson & M. R. Markus (eds), Modern privacy: shifting boundaries, new forms, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 88–101.
* Markus, M. R. (2010), 'Lovers and friends: 'radical utopias' of intimacy?', Thesis Eleven, vol. 101, pp. 6–23.
* Markus, M. R. (2002), 'Cultural pluralism and the subversion of the 'taken-for-granted' world', in P. Essed & D. T. Goldberg (eds), Race Critical Theories: Text and Context, Oxford: Blackwell.
* Markus, M. R. (2001), 'Decent society and/or civil society?', Social Research, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1011–1030.
* Markus, M. R. (1995), 'Civil society and the politicisation of needs', in K. Gavroglu, J. Stachel & M. W. Wartofsky (eds), Science, Politics and Social Practice, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, pp. 161–179.
* Markus, M (1987), 'The 'anti-feminism' of Hannah Arendt', Thesis Eleven, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 76–87.
* Markus, M (1985), 'Women, success, and civil society: submission to, or subversion of, the achievement principle', PRAXIS International, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 430–444.
* Markus, M (1982), 'Overt and convert modes of legitimation in East European Societies', in T. H. Rigby & F Fehér, Political legitimation in communist states, pp. 82–93.
# Polka-dot paint

Polka dot paint is a paint of "polka dot color", i.e., a paint which paints an object with a polka dot pattern.
The paint is traditionally the subject of a fool's errand prank played upon apprentices in the decoration or construction trade, who are sent to fetch a bucket of polka-dot paint. A polka-dot paint effect has been produced in stage magic, and in the 1950s, a polychromatic paint was invented which created a dotted effect when dry.

## Magic tricks

In the United States, several magicians invented a trick in which they demonstrated painting with polka-dot paint. It was even a subject of litigation between two stage magicians, Harry Albacker and Paul Stadelman in the 1950s. The defendant's defense was that the magic act is "old as the hills", and hence in public domain. Stadelman, in his turn was challenged by other magicians who claimed that he stole the idea from the "Barber's pole paint" trick. However, Stadelman claimed he was actually the one who invented the barber's pole paint in the first place. The idea of both tricks is simple: the object is pre-painted in the desired pattern with oil-based paint and then covered with white watercolor or whitewash. During the trick, the top watercolor is removed with a wet brush (and much magic, of course). Stadelman said that after he performed this trick at paint dealers' conventions, he was often getting letters from people who wanted to market this paint. A different version involves colorless chemicals on the object which become colored after a reaction with another chemical on the brush.

## Real paint

In 1950, a product called "Plextone" by Maas & Walsdtein Co. was advertised, a finishing which is a single application produced "a network of interlaced but separate colors — a 'Polka Dot' paint". In 1952, a John C. Zola patented (US 3811904) polychromatic paint, technically described as "a multicolor paint from lacquer-based colorants suspended in water". The inventor was inspired by French painter Georges Seurat, who created his impressionist effects using small dots of paint. Sapolin Paints, Inc. of New York City sold "polka-dot paint" in a spray can, which sprayed droplets of paint; the farther the can was from the surface, the smaller were the dots.

## In popular culture

* In The Vanishing Private cartoon (1942), private Donald Duck tries to camouflage a cannon by painting it with red, green and yellow stripes, and black polka dots, from a single bucket.
* Polka-dot nail polish and marker pens incorporate glitter or non-glitter colored particles to do the trick.
* One can create polka-dot brushes for various computer graphics software, such as Photoshop, GIMP, etc.
# Timeline of the Era of Attacks

This page presents all events related to the Era of Attacks (1892-1894).

### General overview

This timeline is largely based on the list provided by Hélène Millot, with additional references from the more comprehensive works of John M. Merriman and Vivien Bouhey. The start and end dates of the period follow Millot’s framework, beginning with the Saint-Germain bombing (11 March 1892) and ending with the massacre of anarchist convicts (22 October 1894). However, Bouhey offers a broader perspective, considering the period from 1890 to 1894, which is not adopted here. The Fourmies massacre and the Clichy affair are included in the timeline, as most sources regard these two events as immediate precursors to the Era of Attacks.

## Events

    Judicial affair - Legal repression
    Terrorist attack
    Execution - Massacre
| Date | Event | Place | Instigator(s) | Outcome |
| 1 May 1891 | Massacre at Fourmies | Fourmies | French state French army | Massacre of a dozen peaceful demonstrators in Fourmies 9 dead, 35 (at least) injured |
| 1 May 1891 | Clichy affair | Paris | French state French police | Violent arrest of three anarchists High-profile trial which radicalises the anarchists through its harshness |
| 10 February 1892 | Hanging of the Jerez anarchists | Jerez | Spanish state Arsenio Martínez Campos Guardia civil | Four anarchists hanged in Jerez. |
| 29 February 1892 | Saint-Dominique bombing | Paris | French anarchist (?) | Explosion in a wealthy residence on rue Saint-Dominique, in Paris 0 dead, 0 injured |
| 11 March 1892 | Saint-Germain bombing | Paris | François Koenigstein (Ravachol) Rosalie Soubère (Mariette) Joseph Jas-Béala (Béala) Charles Simon (Biscuit) | Symbolic start of the Era of Attacks They fail to kill or injure Benoît, the judge in the Clichy affair. 0 dead, 1 injured. Shift from ‘person-based’ terrorism to ‘location-based’ terrorism |
| 15 March 1892 | Lobau bombing | Paris | Théodule Meunier (Pied Plat) | 0 dead, 0 injured. Shift from ‘person-based’ terrorism to ‘location-based’ terrorism |
| 27 March 1892 | Clichy bombing | Paris | Ravachol | 0 dead, 6 injured. Fails to kill or injure Bulot, the prosecutor in the Clichy affair. Shift from ‘person-based’ terrorism to ‘location-based’ terrorism |
| 30 March 1892 | Arrest of Ravachol | Paris | French state French police Jean-Marie Véry | After being denounced by the owner of the restaurant Le Véry, Ravachol was arrested. The other members of Ravachol's group had already been arrested. |
| 25 April 1892 | Véry bombing | Paris | Théodule Meunier Jean-Pierre François (Francis) Pieds plats | Explosion at the restaurant Le Véry targeting the owner, who is killed. 2 dead, at least 1 injured. |