OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Choc ice

A choc ice or ice cream (British English) or ice cream bar (American English) is a frozen dessert generally consisting of a rectangular block of ice cream—typically vanilla flavour—which is thinly coated with chocolate. Related products may also include other fillings with the ice cream and be styled similar to candy bars. The term has also been used as a racial slur.

## Description

A choc ice is a generic frozen dessert generally consisting of a rectangular block of ice cream—typically vanilla flavour—which is thinly coated with chocolate.

## History

Ice cream enrobed in chocolate was invented in the 1920s. Confectioner Harry Burt invented the chocolate-enrobed ice cream on a stick in 1920, and was granted a patent in 1923. In 1921, the Eskimo Pie chocolate bar was invented in Iowa by a pharmacy owner named Chris Nelson, who was inspired by a boy named Douglas Ressenden who could not decide between candy and ice cream; a patent was awarded in 1922, but invalidated in 1928. The Klondike bar was also invented in 1922.

## Brands

In many countries, there are numerous versions of this dessert which are produced under many different brand names.
A notable American brand is Klondike, which introduced its Klondike bar in the United States in 1922. Related products include frozen confections that enrobe fillings with the ice cream and appear similar to candy bars (e.g., Snickers ice cream bars).

## Racial slur

The term choc ice has also become a racial slur used to describe any person who is figuratively "black on the outside, white on the inside".
# HNLMS O 11

O 11 was a O 9-class patrol submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The ship was built by Fijenoord shipyard in Rotterdam.

## Service history

The submarine was ordered on 30 August 1921 and laid down in Rotterdam at the shipyard of Fijenoord on 24 December 1922. The launch took place on 19 March 1925. On 18 January 1926 the ship was commissioned in the Dutch navy.
21 June 1926, O 11, together with O 9, Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, Jacob van Heemskerck, Z 7 and Z 8, sailed from Den Helder to the Baltic Sea to visit the ports of Kiel, Gothenburg and Trondheim.
In 1927 O 11, O 10, Hertog Hendrik, Z 5, Z6, Z 7 and Z 8 made a visit to Norway.
She sailed for the Baltic Sea again in 1936 with her sisters O 9, O 10, the coastal defence ship Hertog Hendrik and Z 5. In 1939 O 11 together with her sisters O 9 and O 10 where attached to the coastal division. They acted as the offensive part of Dutch coastal defense.
On 6 March 1940 the ship was accidentally rammed by the tugboat BV 3 in Den Helder. In the collision three men of O 11 died. The boat was raised and its repair was ordered. While under repair Germany invaded the Netherlands and the boat was scuttled to prevent her capture. The Germans raised the boat and ordered its repair. However it was not repaired in time to help the war effort.
While still under repair the boat was scuttled again in order to block the entrance of Den Helder harbor. On 10 December 1947 the wreck was raised and sold for scrapping.
# HNLMS O 9

O 9 was an O 9-class patrol submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The ship was built by Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde shipyard in Flushing.

## Design

In 1927 a protruding Telefunken radiopeiler was installed on the O 9 that allowed the boat to receive long wave radio frequencies underwater.
In February 1943 the O 9 was equipped with a fire control system that was developed by its commander Drijfhout van Hooff and manufactured by Cambridge Instrument Company Ltd.

## Service history

The submarine was ordered on 30 August 1921 and laid down in Flushing at the shipyard of Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde on 1 December 1923 or 23 September 1922. The launch took place on 7 April 1925. On 18 January 1926 the ship is commissioned in the Dutch navy.
21 June 1926, O 9, together with O 11, Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, Jacob van Heemskerck, Z 7 and Z 8, sailed from Den Helder to the Baltic Sea to visit the ports of Kiel, Gothenburg and Trondheim.
In 1929 O 9, O 10, Jacob van Heemskerck, Z 5, Z 6, made a trip to the Baltic Sea for exercises. The next year on 30 July 1930 O 9, O 10, Jacob van Heemskerck and Witte de With visited Antwerp.
In 1931 O 9, O 10, O 8, Jacob van Heemskerck, Z 7 and Z 8, made again a trip to the Baltic Sea for exercises. She sailed for the Baltics again in 1936 with her sisters O 10, O 11 and Hertog Hendrik and Z 5. In 1939 O 9 together with her sisters O 10, O 11 were attached to the coastal division. They acted as the offensive part of Dutch coastal defense.
From 9 to 11 May 1940 she and O 10 are on patrol off the coast of the Netherlands. During the patrol O 9 was attacked by German military airplanes. 12 May 1940 she, O 10 and a tugboat fled to the United Kingdom where they arrived on 15 May 1940. While in the UK the O 9 was docked regularly for maintenance, which was needed because it was an old submarine.
During the war she patrolled the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay. From August 1940 to March 1944 O 9 was attached to the 7th Training Flotilla in Rothesay and used as an ASDIC piggy boat. 1 December 1944 O 9 was decommissioned and September 1945 stricken. October 1946 she was sold for scrapping.
# Cottage Grove Sentinel

The Cottage Grove Sentinel is a weekly newspaper serving the city of Cottage Grove, Oregon, United States. It was established in 1889 and is published on Wednesdays with a circulation of 2,829.

## History

The earliest newspaper in Cottage Grove was the Cottage Grove Leader, which was first published on July 15, 1889. It was printed in Drain, Oregon using a military style press by E.P. Thorp, who at the time was publisher of the Drian Echo established four years earlier. On October 12 of the same year, F. W. Chausse moved the paper's operations to Cottage Grove. Thorp bought out Chausse in 1895 and merged his two paper's together to form the Echo-Leader.
On November 30, 1895, during the height of a town feud, when the western side of town briefly changed their name to Lemati, the newspaper adopted both of the names Cottage Grove and Lemati Echo Leader for a single run. Only one edition was printed after a two-and-a-half-month absence from the publication of the Echo-Leader. When publication resumed, the Cottage Grove and Lemati Echo-Leader shortened its name, and was stylized only as The Leader.
Thorp died in February 1897 and the paper was taken over by L. F. Wooley, who changed the name back to the Leader. C. W. Wallace became the paper's owner four years later and he was followed by W. C. Conner in 1903. He sold it a year later to A. Clifford Gage, who that same year sold the paper to a cooperation owned by several local businessmen. In 1905, the paper changed to a semi-weekly and was renamed to the Lane County Leader. Two years later the owners bought the Bohemia Nugget, originally established as the Messenger in 1897, and absorbed it into the Leader.
C. J. Howard established the Western Oregon in 1905. He sold it to D. W. and I. S. Bath in 1908. Lew A. Cates became the new proprietor and changed its name to the Cottage Grove Sentinel on Oct. 2, 1909. Elbert Bede purchased The Sentinel on Sept. 11, 1911. He and W. H. Tyrrell, owner of The Leader, merged their two papers together in July 1915. Bede acquired full-ownership of the Cottage Grove Sentinel in October 1915 after buying out Tyrrell. He operated the paper for a quarter-century until he sold his ownership stake in 1936 to Judge Leonard S. Godard, who was a former associate justice on the Supreme Court of the Philippines. A. W. Shofstall maintained his 20% ownership stake at the time.
Two years later both men sold the paper to W. C. Martin. His family operated the Sentinel until selling it in 1961 to Elmo Smith who co-owned the Democrat-Herald Publishing Co., which published the Albany Democrat-Herald. Capital Cities purchased the company in 1980, which itself was acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 1995. Disney sold its Oregon newspapers to Lee Enterprises in 1997. Lee sold the Cottage Grove Sentinel to News Media Corporation in 2006, who in turn sold it to Country Media, Inc. in 2023.
# Ythanwells

Ythanwells (/ˌaɪθənˈwɛlz/) is a village in the Marr area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, lying 10.6 kilometres (6.6 mi) east of Huntly. The village is sometimes known as Wells of Ythan, although this name strictly refers to the nearby source of the River Ythan.
Ythanwells Church, now semi-derelict and in use as an agricultural barn, was built in 1864. The village also formerly had a school, which serves today as a community centre. Ythanwells now comes under the catchment area for Drumblade Primary School.
The Roman Camp site known as Glenmailen or Ythan Wells is situated near the farm of Glenmellan, 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) east of the village.
# John Van Koert

John Van Owen Koert (July 20, 1912 – October 11, 1998) was an American designer and artist known for promoting Danish modern Design.

## Furniture

Drexel Funiture

## Silverwork

Towle Silversmiths

## Patents

From 1951 to 1979, John Van Koert filed more than 30 design patens for his work.
* U.S. patent D161720 - Design for a fork or similar article - 1951
# Jan van der Noot

Jonker Jan van der Noot (1539–1595) was a Netherlandish writer who is regarded as the first Renaissance poet in Dutch.

## Life

Jan van der Noot was born to a noble family in Brecht, in the Duchy of Brabant, about halfway between Antwerp and Breda. In 1558 he moved to Antwerp and at some point became a Calvinist. In 1567, during the early stages of the Dutch Revolt, he was implicated in an attempted coup in Antwerp and fled to England.
His first work was published by John Day in Dutch and French editions in London (1568) as Het theatre oft toon-neel and Le theatre. The following year Edmund Spenser's English translation, A theatre wherein be represented as wel the miseries & calamities that follow the voluptuous worldlings, came out with Henry Bynneman. It was a combined work in verse and prose, reflecting on the deceits and shortcomings of the world.
In 1571 Van der Noot was in Cleves, and in 1572 in Cologne. He eventually returned to Antwerp. Ironically, he was now a Catholic and the city was coming under the rule of Calvinists. In Antwerp he produced a series of volumes of new verse, all with the title De poeticsche werken. He died in 1595.

## Works

* Het theatre oft toon-neel: waer in ter eender de ongelucken ende elenden die den werelts gesinden ende boosen menschen toecomen ([London, John Daye], 1568)
** Le theatre auquel sont exposés et monstrés les inconveniens et miseres qui suivent les mondains et vicieux (London, John Day, 1568)
** A theatre wherein be represented as wel the miseries & calamities that follow the voluptuous worldlings, translated by Edmund Spenser (London, Henry Bynneman, 1569)
* Het bosken. Inhoudende verscheyden poëtixe wercken (London, Henry Binneman & John Daye, [1570])
* Verscheiden poetixe wercken (Cologne, Gottfried Hirtshorn, 1572)
* Das buch Extasis (Cologne, Felix Röschlin, Heinrich von Aich, 1576)
* Cort begryp der XII boeken Olympiados. Abrege des douze livres Olympiades (Antwerp, Gilles van den Rade, 1579). Available on Google Books. Accessed 9 November 2015.
* Lofsang van Braband. Hymne de Braband (Antwerp, Gilles van den Rade, 1580)
* Verscheyden poetische werken. Divers oeuvres poetiques (Antwerp, Gillis van den Rade, 1580)
* Verscheyden poeticsche werken; divers oeuvres poetiques (Antwerp, Gilles van den Rade, 1581)
* De poetische werken (Antwerp, Gillis van den Rade, 1584)
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Gillis van den Rade, 1585)
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Daniel Vervliet, 1588)
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Daniel Vervliet, 1590)
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Arnout Coninx, 1591). Available on Google Books. Accessed 9 November 2015.
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Arnout Coninx, 1592)
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Arnould Coninx, 1593)
* De poeticsche vverken (Antwerp, Daniel Vervliet, 1593). Available on Google Books. Accessed 9 November 2015.
* De poeticsche werken (Antwerp, Daniel Vervliet, 1594)
* Op de gheluckigheende heerlijke in-koomste Ernesto van Oostenrijck. Sur l'heureuse et magnifique entree du prince Erneste, archeduc d'Austrice (Antwerp, Arnout Coninx, 1594)
# Nils Arfwidsson

Nils Arfwidsson (7 May 1802, Gothenburg – 14 April 1880, Stockholm) was a Swedish writer, journalist, and government official.

## Biography

He was born to Niklas Arfwidsson, a village counselor, and his wife, Anna Margareta née von Jacobsson, the daughter of a businessman. His family moved to Skara, where his father died in 1813 and they were forced into declaring bankruptcy. His mother died shortly after. Having been given a good education in French and English, he was able to go to Uppsala and pass his Kansliexamen [sv] in 1820. However, it soon came to the attention of Count Lars von Engeström that he was a regular visitor to the "Café des Indépendents", a meeting place for radicals, which effectively ended his career prospects.
After failing to enter the diplomatic corps, he began writing art and literary criticism. His writings became popular so, in 1828, the Swedish Academy offered to name him head of the editorial offices for the Post- och Inrikes Tidningar. He was there until 1830, when he received a warning from the government for an article he translated from the Journal des Débats, supporting the July Revolution in France. After that, he became an employee of the Aftonbladet, where he edited the literature and foreign news sections.
Finding himself in constant conflict with the political opinions of its owner, Lars Johan Hierta, in 1832 he joined with his brother-in-law, the journalist Wilhelm Fredric Dalman [sv], in a successful bid to buy the Dagligt Allehanda [sv], a small, but long established liberal newspaper. They planned to build it up into a major forum for liberal ideas, with Arfwidsson responsible for the coverages of cultural affairs and foreign policy. Shortly after acquiring it, however, his first wife Charlotta Lovisa Sjöborg died and, in his sadness, he left to travel abroad; sending home travelogues and articles on art and literature. Dalman would remain as editor until 1848.
In 1839, he gave up his journalistic career and was appointed Secretary of Protocol for His Royal Majesty's Office [sv]. He also served with the National Archives until 1853, and at the General Customs Board from 1847 to 1863. He worked as the "scenic curator" at the Royal Swedish Opera for a brief period from 1844 to 1845.

## Selected writings

* Nord och söder : strödda anteckningar under resor emellan Avasaxa och Vesuven åren 1835-1839, Two Volumes, Bagge, 1842-1843 (Online)
* Liberté. Egalité. Fraternité: ett ord "mellan drabbningarne", 1867, P.B Eklund (Online)
* Teaterbilder från fordom, published posthumously, Dagligt Allehanda, (Online)

## Sources

* Biography from the Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at Project Runeberg
* Obituary by Harald Wieselgren, in Ur vår samtid at Project Runeberg
# Oscar Jacobsson

Oscar Jacobsson (Gothenburg, 1889 – Solberga, December 25, 1945) was a Swedish comic creator and cartoonist who started his career in 1918 when his first newspaper illustration was published. Jacobsson's first illustrations were published in Naggen.
In 1920, he created the comic strip Adamson for the publication Söndags-Nisse. Adamson himself was a (usually) silent little cigar-smoking man with a big hat and frequent misadventures.
The strip soon became very popular and became published in hundreds of newspapers all over the world. In the United States, it became known as "Silent Sam".
Jacobsson also worked for other publications. His illustrations frequently appeared in magazines and papers like Exlex, Dagens Nyheter and Lutfisken. Near the end of his stellar career, Jacobsson created another comic character: Abu Fakir. This was published in Vi.

## Keeping Adamson Alive

'Adamson' outlived his creator; the Danish artist Viggo Ludvigsen continued the comic strip for nearly two decades after Oscar Jacobsson's death in 1945. And in the U.S. two artists kept Jacobson alive—Henry Thol from 1935 to 1940 and Jeff Hayes from 1941 to 1953.

## The Adamson Award

In 1965, the Swedish Comic Academy founded the "Adamson Awards" in Jacobsson's honor. This "Nobel Prize of comics" is given to one Swedish and one international comic creator every year.
# Island City, Missouri

Island City is an unincorporated community in Gentry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

## History

A post office called Island City was established in 1858, and remained in operation until 1906. The community took its name from nearby Island Creek.
# Swedish Ice Hockey Association

The Swedish Ice Hockey Association (Swedish: Svenska Ishockeyförbundet (SIF)) in Swedish, is an association of Swedish ice hockey clubs. It was established in Stockholm on 17 November 1922 by representatives from seven clubs. Before then, organized ice hockey in Sweden had been administered by the Swedish Football Association. In 1920, Sweden became a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). In addition to ice hockey, SIF is also responsible for inline hockey.
The association's general secretary is Tommy Boustedt.

## Leagues and levels

The Swedish Ice Hockey Association is involved in all levels of ice hockey in Sweden. It organizes the two Swedish Championship leagues, the men's Swedish Hockey League (SHL) and Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL), in addition to other national, regional, and district leagues and tournaments.
Regional Districts
| Region Syd | Region Väst | Region Öst | Region Norr |
| Blekinge | Dalarna | Gotland | Jämtland/Härjedalen |
| Bohuslän/Dal | Gästrikland | Stockholm | Medelpad |
| Gothenburg | Hälsingland | Södermanland | Norrbotten |
| Skåne | Värmland | Uppland | Västerbotten |
| Småland | Västmanland | | Ångermanland |
| Västergötland | Örebro län | | |
| Östergötland | | | |

## National teams

Sweden has eight national hockey teams:
* Men's National Team - Tre Kronor
* Women's National Team - Damkronorna
* Men's National U20 - Juniorkronorna (also called Team 20)
* Men's National U19 – Team 19
* Men's National U18 - Småkronorna (also called Team 18)
* Women's National Under-18 Team – Damlandslaget U18
* Men's National U17 – Team 17
* Women National U16 – Damlandslaget U16
* Men's National U16 – Team 16
* Men's National Inline Team

## Chairmen

The following have served as chairman.
* 1922–1924: Isaac Westergren
* 1924–1948: Anton Johanson
* 1948–1973: Helge Berglund
* 1973–1978: Ove Rainer
* 1978–1983: Arne Grunander
* 1983–2002: Rickard Fagerlund
* 2002–2004: Kjell Nilsson
* 2004–2017: Christer Englund
* 2017–: Anders Larsson
# Khoda Afarin District

Khoda Afarin District (Persian: بخش خداآفرین) is a former administrative division of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital was the city of Khomarlu.

## History

In 2010, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Khoda Afarin County.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the district's population was 34,461 in 7,492 households.

### Administrative divisions

Khoda Afarin District Population :
| Administrative Divisions | 2006 |
| Bastamlu RD | 5,907 |
| Dizmar-e Sharqi RD | 2,888 |
| Garamduz RD | 11,434 |
| Keyvan RD | 2,905 |
| Minjavan-e Gharbi RD | 4,378 |
| Minjavan-e Sharqi RD | 5,727 |
| Khomarlu (city) | 1,222 |
| Total | 34,461 |
| RD = Rural District ||
# Leif Larsson (speedway rider)

Leif Ragnar Larsson (born 16 February 1938) is a former international Motorcycle speedway rider from Sweden. He earned 14 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.

## Speedway career

Larsson reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in the 1965 Individual Speedway World Championship. He also earned 14 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.
He rode in the top tier of British Speedway in 1962, riding for Ipswich Witches.

## World final appearances
### Individual World Championship

* 1961 – Malmö, Malmö Stadion – Reserve – Did not Ride
* 1965 – London, Wembley Stadium – 11th – 5pts
* 1966 - Gothenburg, Ullevi - 14th - 3pts

### World Team Cup

* 1966 - Wrocław, Olympic Stadium (with Björn Knutson / Leif Enecrona / Göte Nordin / Ove Fundin) - 3rd - 22pts (2)
# Enyart, Missouri

Enyart is an unincorporated community in northwest Gentry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on the east bank of the Grand River and Gentry is approximately seven miles to the east-southeast.

## History

A post office called Enyart was established in 1879, and remained in operation until 1904. The community has the name of Abraham Enyart, an early settler.
# Waters of Change

Waters of Change is the second album by the Scottish progressive band Beggars Opera, released in 1971.

## Overview

With respect to its predecessor Act One, Waters of Change features a rather different sound, which is less derivative of The Nice and Deep Purple MK I, and it is often described as the band's best work.

## Personnel
### Beggars Opera

* Ricky Gardiner - lead guitar, vocals, acoustic guitar
* Martin Griffiths - lead vocal, cow bell
* Alan Park - organ, piano
* Gordon Sellar - bass and acoustic guitar, vocals
* Virginia Scott - Mellotron, vocals
* Raymond Wilson - percussion
with:
* Marshall Erskine - bass, flute on "Festival"
* Barry Ainsworth, Martin Birch - engineers
# Jaroslav Machač

Jaroslav Machač (born 1926) is a former international speedway rider from Czechoslovakia.

## Speedway career

Machač reached the final of the Speedway World Team Cup in the 1960 Speedway World Team Cup. He was champion of Czechoslovakia in 1960 after winning the Czechoslovakian Championship and reached two European Longtrack Championship finals in 1960 and 1969.

## World final appearances
### World Team Cup

* 1960 - Gothenburg, Ullevi (with František Richter / Luboš Tomíček Sr. / Antonín Kasper Sr. / Bohumír Bartoněk) - 3rd - 15pts (4)

### Individual Ice Speedway World Championship

* 1969 - Inzell, 7th - 8pts
* 1970 - Nässjö, 10th - 6pts
# Yuri Ivanov (speedway rider)

Yuri Leonidovich Ivanov (born 2 July 1959) is a former international speedway rider from the Soviet Union.

## Speedway career

Kazakov is a three times world champion after winning the gold medal at the Individual Ice Speedway World Championship in the 1986 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship, 1987 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship and 1992 Individual Ice Speedway World Championship.
In addition he won the Team Ice Racing World Championship seven times (1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992).

## World final appearances
### Ice World Championship

* 1984 Moscow, 3rd 27pts
* 1985 Assen, 3rd 25pts
* 1986 Stockholm, champion 29pts
* 1987 Berlin, champion 28pts
* 1988 Eindhoven, 2nd 27pts
* 1989 Almaty, 2nd 25pts
* 1990 Gothenburg, 11th 11pts
* 1991 Assen, 2nd
* 1992 Frankfurt, champion 28pts
* 1993 Saransk, 11th 12pts
* 1995 10 Rounds GP, 17th