OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Afton, Virginia

Afton is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Albemarle and Nelson counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is newly listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 313.

## Geography

It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains about 20 miles (32 km) west of Charlottesville.

## Economy

Afton is home to Hazy Mountain Vineyards & Brewery, Silverback Distillery, Veritas Vineyard and Winery, the Blue Mountain Brewery and Cardinal Point Vineyard & Winery.

## Demographics

Afton first appeared as a census designated place in the 2020 U.S. Census.

## Point of Interest

Scott Castle- Also known as The Royal Orchard, the 25,000-square foot Tudor Gothic-style mansion was built in 1911 by Richmond, Virginia engineer Henry Baskervill and architect John Russell Pope after the pair were commissioned by the Scott Family (also of Richmond, Virginia), who have owned the property since their purchase from the family of Afton native Andrew Stephenson in 1903.
The Royal Orchard name originated in 1837, when Stephenson, who at the time was serving as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, introduced an Newtown Pippin apple that he had grown in his orchard to Queen Victoria, to which it quickly became a royal favorite.
In October 1968, the Scott Family held a charity event at their castle by hosting an art auction in order to raise money for the local fire and rescue services. This would be the only time that their vacation home was ever open to the public. It was reported that an estimated 4,600 visitors and one thousand automobiles appeared around the mansion, oftentimes blocking U. S. Route 250. Since the conclusion of the event, the family has made their private getaway closed to the public out of their request of respected peace and privacy; however, there have been a few exceptions, but only on terms of private wedding events.
In 2009, home building company Alexander Nicholson partnered with John Milner Architects to make a full restoration of the castle.

## Notable residents

* Paul F. Gorman, former Commander in Chief of the United States Southern Command
* Rita Mae Brown, novelist, poet, screenwriter, activist
* June Curry, benefactor to bicyclists on the Transamerica Trail
* Mary Chapin Carpenter, songwriter, musician
# Paul Kohler (politician)

Paul Christopher Kohler (born March 1959) is a British politician, nightclub owner, and academic serving as the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Wimbledon since 2024. Prior to his election, he was a scholar of property law who served as head of SOAS University of London's School of Law.

## Early life and education

Kohler graduated from Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in law. During his time at university he was May Ball President, where fellow Jesus undergraduate Prince Edward served on his committee. He was also elected JCR President.

## Career

In the 1990s and 2000s, Kohler taught at University College London (UCL) and New College, Oxford. He was also Head of Best Practice at Nabarro Nathanson. Until 2019 before standing for Parliament, Kohler was a senior lecturer and former undergraduate tutor at SOAS University of London, where he served as head of the SOAS School of Law. He is also a Visiting Fellow at Queen Mary University of London and owner of Covent Garden speakeasy CellarDoor, which he converted from a disused underground Gentlemen's public lavatory in 2006. He was previously a Fellow at Moscow's Russian State University of Justice but resigned in the wake of Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine.
Kohler first represented the Liberal Democrats in the 2018 local elections, achieving election as a councillor in the Trinity ward of Merton London Borough Council. A year later, he was selected as the party's candidate for the constituency of Wimbledon at the 2019 general election. He was defeated by the incumbent Conservative MP, Stephen Hammond, but greatly increased the Lib Dems' vote share to a second-placed 19,745 (37.2%), reducing Hammond's majority to just 628 votes. He was once again elected to the council in Merton at the 2022 local elections, this time as one of three Lib Dem councillors in the Wimbledon Town and Dundonald ward. After once again securing the party's nomination for the Wimbledon parliamentary constituency at the 2024 general election, he gained the seat from the Conservatives (Hammond having not sought re-election), with a vote share of 24,790 (45.1%) and a majority of 12,610 (22.9%).
He is currently the Lib Dem front bench spokesperson on Transport and a member of the House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee.

## Personal life

Kohler is married with four daughters. He sustained severe injuries after he was beaten by burglars during a raid at his home in 2014. He suffered a fractured eye socket, broken nose and severe internal bleeding.
# James F. Bonner

James Frederick Bonner (September 1, 1910 – September 13, 1996) was an American molecular biologist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, notable for discoveries in plant biochemistry. Bonner invented a better way to collect natural rubber from trees. As result of his invention Malaysia nearly doubled its production of natural rubber. Bonner was instrumental in the invention of a method of mechanical harvesting of oranges. One of his most notable discoveries was finding how histones control gene activity. Bonner was professor and professor emeritus of biology at the California Institute of Technology.

## Life and career

Bonner was born in Ansley, Nebraska in 1910. He graduated from the University of Utah in 1931 with B.A. degree in chemistry and mathematics. He received the Ph.D. in biology at California Institute of Technology in 1934. Bonner spent the year after his PhD in Europe on a National Research Council fellowship at Utrecht, Leiden and ETH in Zurich. He was a postdoctoral fellow at California Institute of Technology after his return from Europe, then joined the faculty in 1936.

### Plant Physiology

Early in his career, he invented a method for collecting rubber tree exudate (natural rubber) that greatly improved the efficiency of the process. He also invented a mechanical method for harvesting oranges. He studied the timing of processes in plants.

### Histones

In the dawn of molecular biology in the 1960s, his interest turned to gene expression, in particular the regulation of production of RNA from genes. Experiments in his laboratory in collaboration with his postdoctoral fellow Ru Chih C. Huang showed that histone, a protein associated with the genes, shuts off gene activity. If the histone fraction is extracted from isolated chromatin, more RNA is made whereas if histone is added back, the transcription of RNA is greatly decreased. In the course of these experiments, Huang and Bonner discovered DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, but Bonner noted in a biographical article that several other groups discovered the enzyme simultaneously. They decided to focus on regulation rather than simply RNA production. Bonner continued to work on histones, establishing methods reproducibly to isolate each type of histone, along with graduate student Douglas Fambrough. Eventually they purified individual histones from pea plants and from calf thymus and showed, in collaboration with Emil Smith at UCLA, that the amino acid compositions and sequences of the same type of histone (histone H4) isolated from these widely disparate organisms were virtually identical.
Bonner wrote over 500 scientific papers on all aspects of plant physiology as well as 10 textbooks.
He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1950 in the field of Plant Biology, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960, and the American Philosophical Society in 1966.
James F. Bonner died on September 13, 1996.
# Telephone numbers in Tunisia

The following are the telephone codes in Tunisia.
* Codes
* Country code: 216
* International prefix: 00
* Trunk prefix : -

## Calling formats

To call in Tunisia, the following format is used:
24425908 Calls within an area code
+2 16 24425908 Calls from outside Tunisia

## List of area codes

| LIST OF AREA CODES |
| Governorate | Area Code |
| Ariana | 70, 71 and 79 |
| Béja | 78 |
| Ben Arous | 70, 71 and 79 |
| Bizerte | 72 |
| Gabès | 75 |
| Gafsa | 76 |
| Jendouba | 78 |
| Kairouan | 77 |
| Kasserine | 77 |
| Kebili | 75 |
| Kef | 78 |
| Mahdia | 73 |
| Manouba | 70, 71 and 79 |
| Medenine | 75 |
| Monastir | 73 |
| Nabeul | 72 |
| Sfax | 74 |
| Sidi Bouzid | 76 |
| Siliana | 78 |
| Sousse | 73 |
| Tataouine | 75 |
| Tozeur | 76 |
| Tunis | 70, 71 and 79 |
| Zaghouan | 72 |
| Mobile phone | Tunisie Telecom: 9x xxxxxx Elissa (TT's MVNO): 4x xxxxxx Ooredoo: 2x xxxxxx Orange: 5x xxxxxx Nessma Mobile: 46 xxxxxx |
| Payphone | 79 |
# Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri

Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri (known as S B Chaudhuri; 1931 – 11 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi economist who served as the fourth governor of Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of Bangladesh during 1987–1992, and was also the advisor of the first caretaker government of Bangladesh in 1996.

## Background

Shegufta's father was Dewan Mamun Chaudhuri and his paternal grandfather was Khan Bahadur Wasil Chaudhuri. His mother was Syeda Zebunessa Khatun, daughter of Khan Bahadur Syed Sikandar Ali. Writers Syed Mujtaba Ali and Syed Murtaza Ali were Shegufta's maternal uncles. He traced his maternal descent from Shah Ahmed Mutawakkil, a local holy man and a Syed of Taraf, though apparently unrelated to Taraf's ruling Syed dynasty.
Known as Taufiq by his family, Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri was brought up in his home village of Bongaon, Nabiganj Upazila of Habiganj District in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. He was the eldest of five siblings, having had one younger brother late Mahbubur Rob Sadi and four sisters. S.B. Chaudhuri was known for being an honest and humble man who naturally shied away from the limelight.

## Education

Chaudhuri received a BA (Hons) in Economics from the University of Dhaka in the early 1950s. His Masters in International Relations at the same university was not completed due to illness. He later received a MPA (Master of Public Administration) from John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1967.

## Career

Chaudhuri was initially a journalist at the Morning News newspaper in the early 1950s before joining the Pakistan Taxation Service in 1955 after completing the CSS examinations. He served in different branches of the Pakistan Government service as a section officer and then as a deputy secretary before he went to attend the Harvard School of Government. He was subsequently employed in a number of roles in the Pakistan and later Bangladesh governments. These include:
* First Secretary (Commercial Attaché) at the Pakistan Embassy at Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1967–70.
* Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, Govt. of Pakistan, 1970–71.
* Director-General, Export Promotion Bureau, Govt. of Bangladesh for a brief period.
* Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, Govt. of Bangladesh, 1973-1974
* Additional Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Secretary of Internal Resources Division, Ministry of Finance, 1974–77
* Chairman, National Board of Revenue, Govt. of Bangladesh, 1981–87
* Governor, Bangladesh Bank, 1987–92.
After he retired from Bangladesh Bank, he started a column with the Daily Star titled "Along My Way". He served as an Adviser (the equivalent of a cabinet minister) for three months in the caretaker government of 1996, which ran the country and supervised the parliamentary elections. He was also the Adviser to City Bank, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from c. 1993/94 to 1998.

## Death

Chaudhuri died on 11 November 2020 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He was survived by his wife late Nargis Chaudhuri, son and daughter as well as three grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.
# Japanese escort ship CD-200

CD-200 or No. 200 was a Type D escort ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

## History

She was laid down on 31 January 1945 at the Nagasaki shipyard of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for the benefit of the Imperial Japanese Navy and launched on 19 March 1945. On 20 April 1945, she was completed and commissioned. On 17 May 1945, she struck a mine outside Miyazu Bay. On 15 August 1945, Japan announced their unconditional surrender and she was turned over to the Allies in September 1945. On 30 November 1945, she was struck from the Navy List and scrapped on 1 July 1948.
# Flag of Montreal

First displayed in May 1935, Montreal based its flag on the city's coat of arms. It was revised in May 1939 and again in September 2017. The flag's proportions are 1:2 in a symmetric cross.

## Symbolism

The flag consists of a red symmetric cross with a red disc in the centre, as well as five emblems representing the ancestral presence of Indigenous peoples and the four main European ethnic groups that were settled in the city in the 19th century, and which are also represented on the Canadian Red Ensign.
| Symbol | Description |
| Heraldic cross | A red heraldic cross, representing the "Christian motives and principles which governed the founders of the city," according to the city's official web site. (The original coat of arms on which the flag is modelled had a red saltire instead of a symmetric cross until 1938.) |
| White pine | A white pine, representing the continual presence of Indigenous peoples, specifically using a central Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) symbol. |
| Fleur-de-lys | A blue Fleur-de-lys, of the Royal House of Bourbon, representing the French. (The original coat of arms on which the flag is modelled had a beaver in place of the fleur-de-lys until 1936.) |
| Rose of Lancaster | A red Rose of Lancaster, representing the English. |
| Shamrock | A shamrock, representing the Irish. |
| Thistle | A thistle, representing the Scottish. |

## Previous flags

Montreal's flag is based on its coat of arms. The original coat of arms was designed in 1833 by the first mayor of Montreal, Jacques Viger. It was similar to the current version with the difference that the red cross was a saltire, a beaver stood in the place of what is now a fleur-de-lys, and there was no white pine. The arms were revised on 21 March 1938.
Four years prior to the first raising of the revised flag, King George V, the sovereign of Canada, celebrated his Silver Jubilee (25th year on the throne) on Monday May 6, 1935. An article in the Montreal Gazette from May 3, 1935 reported that the city's Jubilee committee had discovered a rule whereby official coats of arms of British corporations could be interpreted into flag banners. Per the article, Montreal prepared to raise its own distinct flag for the first time ever on the King's Jubilee day based on the original coat of arms by Jacques Viger.
In May 1939, the flag was revised to display a symmetric cross instead of a saltire, as well as a blue fleur-de-lys instead of a beaver.

## Current flag

On February 12, 2017, Montreal Mayor Denis Coderre announced a modification to the flag of Montreal to include a First Nations symbol. The decision was made in 2017 during the city's 375th anniversary of the founding of the city. The symbol was chosen by the First Nations communities of Montreal, those being Haudenosaunee and Algonquin although there are large Inuit, Métis and Anishinaabeg populations. The new flag was unveiled on September 13, 2017.
# George Bell

George Bell may refer to:

## Law and politics

* George Joseph Bell (1770–1843), Scottish jurist and legal author
* George Alexander Bell (1856–1927), Canadian pioneer and Saskatchewan politician
* George Bell (Canadian politician) (1869–1940), politician in British Columbia
* George John Bell (1872–1944), Australian politician
* George Bell (trade unionist) (1878–1959), British trade union leader
* George E. Bell (1883–1970), Canadian politician
* George T. Bell (1913–1973), special assistant to United States President Richard Nixon
* George W. Bell, doctor and state legislator in Arkansas

## Military

* George Bell (British Army officer) (1794–1877), Irish general
* George Bell (brigadier general) (1828–1907), American Civil War brigadier general
* George H. Bell (1839–1917), American Civil War sailor and Medal of Honor recipient
* George Bell Jr. (1859–1926), United States Army major general
* George Gray Bell (1920–2000), Canadian soldier, civil servant, and academic

## Sports

* George Bell (pitcher) (1874–1941), American baseball player
* George Bell (footballer, born 1861) (1861–1959), English footballer
* George Bell (Australian footballer) (1912–1999), Australian rules footballer
* George Bell (basketball) (1957–2025), Harlem Globetrotter and tallest American man
* George Bell (outfielder) (born 1959), Dominican Republic baseball player
* George Bell (rugby union) (born 2002), New Zealand rugby union player
* George Bell (cricketer) (born 2002), English cricketer

## Others

* George Bell (surgeon) (1777–1832) official surgeon to King George IV in Scotland, son of Benjamin Bell
* George Bell (editor) (1809–1899), New Zealand newspaper proprietor and editor
* George Bell (publisher) (1814–1890), British publisher, founder of George Bell & Sons
* George Bell (painter) (1878–1966), Australian painter
* George Bell (bishop) (1883–1958), Anglican bishop of Chichester
* Max Bell (George Maxwell Bell, 1912–1972), Canadian newspaper publisher and businessman
* George Irving Bell (1926–2000), American physicist, biologist and mountaineer
* George Bell (activist) (1761–1843), advocate and activist for African American education
* George Douglas Hutton Bell (1905–1993), English plant breeder
* "George Bell", pseudonym of George Roussos (1915–2000), American comic book artist
# Garamduz-e Sharqi Rural District

Garamduz-e Sharqi Rural District (Persian: دهستان گرمادوز شرقي) is in Garamduz District of Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mahmudabad.

## History

In 2010, Khoda Afarin District was separated from Kaleybar County in the establishment of Khoda Afarin County, and Garamduz-e Sharqi Rural District was created in the new Garamduz District.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2011 census, the rural district's population was 4,138 inhabitants in 1,021 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the rural district as 4,236 in 1,212 households. The most populous of its 15 villages was Mahmudabad, with 1,138 people.
# Banjska (village)

Banjska (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањска; Albanian: Banjskë or Bajë e Mitrovicës) is a village located in Zvečan in northern Kosovo. It has a population of 465 inhabitants as of 2011.

## History

Before 1918, Banjska had a Muslim Albanian majority. In 1891, 60 houses were inhabited by Albanians and 73 houses in 1903. They migrated to the city of Mitrovica or Turkey in Evrencik after 1918. After 1923, Serbs settled in the village.

## Places of interest

The Banjska monastery is nearby.

## Events

In 1999 a RTV transmitter was damaged.
During the Kosovan parliamentary election, 2010, a polling station was surrounded by an angry mob and access to the village was blocked.

### 2023 attack

On 24 September 2023, an armed group of about 30 Serb men attacked Kosovo Police after blockading the village, shooting and killing one officer and injuring another, before barricading themselves in the Banjska monastery. Three Serb militants were killed by Kosovo Police. The attack was classified as a terrorist attack by Kosovo and the European Union.

## Notable people

* Mehmet Aliu (sq), Albanian imam and landowner, also known by the name Hoxhë Banjska
# 1079th Garrison Support Unit

The 79th Army Reserve Command, the United States Army Reserve unit was based in Colmar, Pennsylvania in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and was commanded by Henry K. Fluck. As The 1079th Garrison Support Unit (GSU), the unit was at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania, the 1079th initially formed in 1986 under the command of Colonel Phillip Petter. The mission of the unit was to process military pay and personnel records and prepare the units for mobilizing to combat zones oversees. March 1996 the 1079th moved to Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, which is commonly known as Fort Dix. There the unit served as an Installation Support Battalion and mobilization readiness unit. During 1999 the 1079th supported Fort Dix in handling two major military operations. Soldiers from the unit helped process troops from hurricane-ravaged Central America in Joint Horizons I and II. They also supported post in Operation Provide Refuge. The 1079th also received many citations for their contributions and efforts in support of Kosovo refugees. In August 2008 the unit reunited at Fort Indiantown Gap to hold a discontinuation ceremony. It officially disbanded in September 2008.

## Activation for Global War on Terrorism (GWOT)

After the 9/11 attacks, Army Guard and Reserve units would mobilize on Activity Duty Reserve orders in support of Operation Noble Eagle. On October 25, 2001, the 1079th received provisional orders in lieu of the attacks. The 1079th's mission was to process soldiers deployed to Fort Dix. Under the command of Colonel Emil H. Philibosian, the unit along with civilian staff ensured the processing of heavy volumes of Army Reserve and National Guard units to deploy overseas in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.
# Sean McGreevy

Sean McGreevy is a Gaelic footballer who has played goalkeeper at senior level for the Antrim county team since making his championship debut in 1993.

## Career

A sales rep, McGreevy made his senior inter-county debut against the then defending All-Ireland SFC winners Donegal in front of 30,000 fans at MacCumhaill Park in Ballybofey, County Donegal. Antrim sustained a three-point loss to Brian McEniff's side.
McGreevy, born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, also had spells playing association football in the Irish League with Cliftonville Donegal Celtic, Ballyclare Comrades and Omagh Town, turned down many offers to play the game full-time due to his commitments to Antrim and club, St Paul's.
McGreevy experienced many years of hardship with Antrim, one of the weaker footballing counties in Ireland, but rose to prominence in 2000 when he was an outstanding performer in Antrim's first Ulster Championship win for 18 years. Antrim defeated Down at Casement Park in the quarter-final of the Ulster Championship, with McGreevy saving a Gregory McCartan penalty - one of two McCartan hit that day - on a memorable occasion. His performances in that game and in the semi-final and replay with Derry, earned McGreevy an All Star nomination.
In 2007, he was part of the Antrim side that Wicklow defeated in the final seconds of the Tommy Murphy Cup final at Croke Park. In 2008, however, he returned to Croke Park with Antrim and experienced victory over the holders. It was the first senior trophy football Antrim had won since lifting the 1999 All-Ireland B title. McGreevy played in that final too, beating Fermanagh.
Following some successful spells with Antrim Football, which featured Antrim's first Ulster Football Final in 36 years in 2010 v Tyrone, (McGreevy was instrumental in getting the county past Donegal in the first round, only to have his season hampered by an injury sustained during the match). McGreevy was still involved with the Antrim senior football panel, after being recalled at 40 years of age in 2013. McGreevy lines out as the St Paul's GAC goalkeeper in the Division One Football League in Antrim.

## Personal life

McGreevy is one of eight children, with four brothers and three sisters. He is the brother of sports journalist Alex; Antrim ladies' coach, Barry, Sandy, and James. All of them played for the St Paul's club in Belfast. At 50 years of age, McGreevy represented Ireland Over 50s in two victorious test wins against Australia in the International Rules series.