OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Al-Qaeda in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Al-Qaeda in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the al-Qaeda branch based in Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed during the Bosnian War in 1992. During the Bosnian War, the group contributed volunteers to the Bosnian mujahideen (called El Mudžahid), a volunteer detachment of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the war, the group operated through the Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SHC).

## Origins

At the onset of the Bosnian War, the then president Alija Izetbegović turned to the Islamic world for support in Bosnia's war efforts. This call brought along with it arms, money and an influx of foreign fighters, some of them mujahideen from Afghanistan who had fought against the Soviets. Estimates of the number who came to Bosnia range from 500 to 1,500 foreign fighters, probably around 1,000, many of whom came from Pakistan after their government expelled former fighters of the Afghan resistance. In addition to Afghan resistance fighters, foreign volunteers came from Europe, with Madrid allegedly being a center for recruitment in Europe. Abu Dahdah recruited many fighters out of the Abu Bakr mosque.
It was alleged that between 1993 and 1996, al-Qaeda-leader Osama bin Laden was thought to have visited camps in the country on a Bosnian passport. According to the German journalist Renate Flottau, Osama bin Laden visited Bosnia and met with Izetbegović in 1993, however Marko Attila Hoare, while not dismissing the possibility out of hand, noted discrepancies between Flottau's claims and Izetbegović's account that he had no recollection of meeting bin Laden. Al-Qaeda, through a Vienna-based charity linked to bin Laden (Third World Relief Agency), funneled millions of dollars in contributions to the Bosnians, trained mujahideen to go and fight in Bosnia, and maintained an office in neighboring Croatia's capital Zagreb.

## Conflict

Foreign mujahideen fighters during the Bosnian war served in the El Mudžahid brigade. The experience in Bosnia helped globalize a mujahideen mentality and according to one former al-Qaeda member, many talented leaders of al-Qaeda emerged from this conflict after they developed anti-Western and anti-globalization sentiment.

## Aftermath

After the war, al-Qaeda reestablished its connections in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the Saudi High Commission (SHC) charity organization. The charity was formed in 1993 by the decree of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia. It acted as a "fully integrated component of al-Qa[e]da's logistical and financial support infrastructure".
In late 2001, a raid was carried out by United States Special Forces on local SHC headquarters in Ilidža, a suburb of Sarajevo. In the raid documents, including manuals on how to forge the United States Secretary of State office ID cards, as well as manuscripts and notes on meetings with Bin Laden were found. Other al-Qaeda fronts such as Vazir (successor of al-Haramain Foundation) and the Global Relief Fund were also shut down.
# 1892 European Figure Skating Championships

The 1892 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 24. Elite figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the category of men's singles. The competitors performed only compulsory figures.
The skating associations of Germany and Austria had joined to become, "Deutscher und Österreichischer Eislaufverband", and had organised these second European Championships in figure skating in Vienna, Austria in 1892, before the International Skating Union (ISU) was founded. The ISU then organised subsequent Championships.

## Results

| Rank | Name |
| 1 | Eduard Engelmann |
| 2 | Tibor Földváry |
| 3 | Georg Zachariades |
| 4 | Karl Kaiser |
| 5 | Josef Nowy |
| 6 | Gustav Hügel |
| 7 | Alfred Klement |
| 8 | Fritz Ahrendt |
# Jack Gibbens

Jack Gibbens (born November 24, 1998) is an American professional football linebacker who plays for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Abilene Christian and Minnesota, and was signed by the Titans as an undrafted free agent in 2022.

## Early years

Gibbens was born on November 24, 1998, in Bulverde, Texas. He attended Smithson Valley High School and graduated in 2017, before joining Abilene Christian University where he played football from 2017–2020.
As a freshman at Abilene Christian, Gibbens appeared in ten games as a linebacker and posted 27 tackles and an interception. He played in all 11 matches the following year and totaled 78 tackles, placing top-50 in the FCS in tackles-per-game. In 2019, as a junior, Gibbens recorded 104 tackles, 2.5 sacks and two interceptions. As a senior in 2020, he recorded 49 tackles while only playing in six games.
Gibbens transferred to the University of Minnesota for his final year of eligibility. As a fifth-year senior in 2021, he recorded a team-leading 92 tackles, broke up three passes and forced a single fumble while starting all 13 games.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 3+1⁄4 in (1.91 m) | 242 lb (110 kg) | 32+7⁄8 in (0.84 m) | 9+3⁄8 in (0.24 m) | 4.82 s | 1.61 s | 2.76 s | 4.20 s | 7.02 s | 34.0 in (0.86 m) | 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) | 14 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||
After going unselected in the 2022 NFL draft, Gibbens was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent. Although a fan favorite during the preseason, "Dr. Gibby," as he was nicknamed, was released at the final roster cuts and not initially re-signed to the practice squad. While a free agent in early September, Gibbens received a tryout from the Atlanta Falcons. He was eventually signed to the Titans practice squad on September 12. Gibbens was promoted to the active roster on December 10, and made his NFL debut in their game against the Jacksonville Jaguars one day later, appearing on 25 snaps. In week sixteen against the Houston Texas, he recorded eight total tackles, one pass deflection and his first career interception in the loss. The following week, against the Dallas Cowboys, Gibbens made his first career start and appeared on all 80 defensive snaps, recording 10 tackles. He finished the season having appeared in five games and recorded 28 tackles, an interception and one pass deflection.
Gibbens made the Titans' final roster in 2023. He played in 14 games with 13 starts, finishing second on the team with 95 tackles.
On March 13, 2024, the Titans placed an exclusive rights tender on Gibbens, which he signed the next day. He made 10 appearances (5 starts) for Tennessee in 2024, logging 1⁄2 a sack and 44 combined tackles. On November 18, 2024, it was announced that Gibbens would miss the remainder of the season after undergoing surgery to repair an ankle injury he suffered in Week 11.
# Ethics and Public Policy Center

The Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) is a conservative Washington, D.C.–based think tank and advocacy group. Founded in 1976, the group describes itself as "dedicated to applying the Judeo-Christian moral tradition to critical issues of public policy", and advocacy of founding principles such as the rule of law.
Since February 2021, EPPC's president has been Ryan T. Anderson, who previously worked at The Heritage Foundation. He succeeded Edward Whelan, who serves as EPPC's vice president. Former president of EPPC from 1989 through June 1996, George Weigel, Catholic theologian and papal biographer, is also a distinguished senior fellow. EPPC is a 501(c)(3) organization.

## History

EPPC was founded in 1976 by Ernest W. Lefever, an American political theorist. He was nominated in 1981 for a United States State Department position by U.S. President Ronald Reagan before ultimately being rejected for the opportunity for his controversial background. He served as president of EPPC until 1989 and continued to write scholarly articles for EPPC until his death in 2009. Lefever said upon founding the institute that "a small ethically oriented center" should "respond directly to ideological critics who insist the corporation is fundamentally unjust."
EPPC's website states that the organization works "to apply the riches of the Judeo-Christian tradition to contemporary questions of law, culture, and politics, in pursuit of America’s continued civic and cultural renewal." From 2003 to 2018, EPPC published The New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology and Society. In January 2018, The New Atlantis became independent of EPPC and is now published by the Center for the Study of Technology and Society.
EPPC is a member of the advisory board of Project 2025, a collection of conservative and right-wing policy proposals from the Heritage Foundation to reshape the United States federal government and consolidate executive power should the Republican nominee win the 2024 presidential election.
# Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino Park

Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino Park is a New York City public park located in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York City between 70th Street to the north, 71st Street to the south, 16th Avenue to the east, and New Utrecht Avenue to the west. It is on the east side of the 71st Street subway station (D train). This part of Bensonhurst was within the Town of Nieuw Utrecht when it was founded during the Dutch colonial era in 1657. The town had its name Anglicized to New Utrecht during the English colonial era. The town lost its autonomous status and became part of the City of Brooklyn in 1894. Since 16th Avenue and New Utrecht Avenue do not run parallel to each other, the footprint of the park is trapezoidal in shape.
The land for the park was purchased by the City of New York in 1929, and the park was opened on May 24, 1935. It was originally called Satellite Park. When it opened, the park had handball courts, slides, swings, a wading pool, jungle gym, and a recreation building around its perimeter. A basketball court was later added on the southern side of the park extending from east to west. In 1993, the park underwent a $700,000 reconstruction. The handball courts, basketball court, and children's playground were renovated. The city installed new benches, fencing, lights and landscaping and improved the drainage. In 1999, the New York City Council renamed the park after Lt. Joseph Petrosino, NYPD.
More than 25 years since its last transformation, Lt. Joseph Petrosino Park underwent a major renovation as part of New York City's Community Parks Initiative in 2019. The $4.99 million project, funded by the office of Mayor Bill de Blasio, included $355,000 from the NYC Department of Environmental Protection for green infrastructure.
Following the renovation, the park features new play areas for children, adult fitness equipment, basketball courts, handball courts and additional green spaces. Rain gardens and permeable pavement were installed to reduce stormwater runoff and improve the local environment.
# Ethics and Public Policy Center

The Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) is a conservative Washington, D.C.–based think tank and advocacy group. Founded in 1976, the group describes itself as "dedicated to applying the Judeo-Christian moral tradition to critical issues of public policy", and advocacy of founding principles such as the rule of law.
Since February 2021, EPPC's president has been Ryan T. Anderson, who previously worked at The Heritage Foundation. He succeeded Edward Whelan, who serves as EPPC's vice president. Former president of EPPC from 1989 through June 1996, George Weigel, Catholic theologian and papal biographer, is also a distinguished senior fellow. EPPC is a 501(c)(3) organization.

## History

EPPC was founded in 1976 by Ernest W. Lefever, an American political theorist. He was nominated in 1981 for a United States Department of State position by U.S. President Ronald Reagan before ultimately being rejected for the opportunity for his controversial background. He served as president of EPPC until 1989 and continued to write scholarly articles for EPPC until his death in 2009. Lefever said upon founding the institute that "a small ethically oriented center" should "respond directly to ideological critics who insist the corporation is fundamentally unjust."
EPPC's website states that the organization works "to apply the riches of the Judeo-Christian tradition to contemporary questions of law, culture, and politics, in pursuit of America’s continued civic and cultural renewal." From 2003 to 2018, EPPC published The New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology and Society. In January 2018, The New Atlantis became independent of EPPC and is now published by the Center for the Study of Technology and Society.
EPPC is a member of the advisory board of Project 2025, a collection of conservative and right-wing policy proposals from the Heritage Foundation to reshape the United States federal government and consolidate executive power should the Republican nominee win the 2024 presidential election.
# Muntasir Mir

Muntasir Mir is a Pakistani Islamic studies scholar and University Professor of Islamic Studies at Youngstown State University.

## Biography

Mir obtained his PhD from the University of Michigan and has taught at various institutions, including colleges in Lahore, the University of Michigan, the International Islamic University in Malaysia, and later, Youngstown State University.

## Works

* Coherence in the Qurʼān (1986)
* Dictionary of Qur'anic Terms and Concepts (1987)
* Verbal idioms of the Qur'ān (1989)
* Understanding the Islamic Scripture (2008)
* Iqbal – Poet and Thinker (2020)
# Elizabeth Spillius

Elizabeth Spillius (née Bott (March 3, 1924 – July 4, 2016) was a Canadian-English anthropologist, sociologist, and Kleinian psychoanalyst.

## Life

Born to Canadian psychologists Helen Bott and Edward Alexander Bott, Elizabeth Bott studied psychology at the University of Toronto and anthropology at the University of Chicago, where she gained her MA in 1949. She then travelled to London to work in anthropology at the London School of Economics and the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.
Often regarded as a member of the Manchester Group of anthropologists, her best-known work was Family and Social Network (1957), based on her 1956 PhD with working-class families in East London, in which she formulated what was subsequently labelled the Bott Hypothesis: that the density of a husband and wife's separate social networks was positively associated with marital role segregation. The first results of her seminal work have been presented in front of a UNESCO seminar under the title Urban Families: Conjugal roles and social networks (1954) and subsequently have been published in 1955 and 1957. Therein she has also conceptualized different aspects of labour and task-division between couples and examined the supporting function of the environment relevant to current co-parenting research.
In 1956, she began training analysis as a Kleinian psychoanalyst with Lois Munro. From 1958 to 1960, she carried out anthropological fieldwork in Tonga with her husband James. She became a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1964, and a training and supervisory analyst in 1975.
From 1988 to 1998, she was general editor of the Routledge series New Library of Psychoanalysis. She has written several works of introduction to the work of Melanie Klein.
She died on 4 July 2016 and was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery.

## Works

* Elizabeth Bott. 1957. Family and Social Network. London: Tavistock.
* (ed.) Melanie Klein today: developments in theory and practice, Tavistock/Routledge, 1987. New Library of Psychoanalysis 7–8.
* (ed. with Michael Feldman) Psychic equilibrium and psychic change : selected papers of Betty Joseph, Tavistock/Routledge, 1989. New Library of Psychoanalysis 9
* (ed. with a preface) Melanie Klein in Berlin: her first psychoanalyses of children by Claudia Frank. Routledge, 2009.
# William Timmons (disambiguation)

William Timmons (born 1984) is a U.S. Representative from South Carolina.
William Timmons may also refer to:
# Chris Cavanaugh (swimmer)

Christopher Carl Cavanaugh (born July 1, 1962) is an American former competition swimmer, who swam for the University of Southern California, and a former world record holder in the 50 meter freestyle and an Olympic champion.
Cavanaugh was born July 1, 1962, in Hialeah, Florida, and attended the Ransom Everglades School in Coconut Grove, outside Miami. In March, 1977, among all Dade County competitive swimmers Cavanaugh placed third in the 200 freestyle with a time of 1:51.0, second in the 50 freestyle with a time of 22.3, third in the 100 butterfly with a 56.1, first in the 100 freestyle with a 48.9, and second in the 100 breaststroke with a 1:05.5. Cavanaugh was already showing his strength at the 100-yard distance. Cavanaugh was a member of the All Dade County team of the Miami Herald in May, 1977.
Prior to his gold medal at the 1984 Olympics, he was on a World Record 4x100 freestyle relay team at the World Championships in Guayaquil, Equador on August 5, 1983, where he swam the first leg in a time of 50.13.
Cavanaugh was part of the U.S. Olympic team that led a boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

## 1984 Olympic gold medal

He was a member of the gold medal U.S. team in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, finishing with a final time of 3:19.03 which improved on their own world record which they had set in 1982. In a close finish, the Australian team took second for silver, finishing with a time of 3:19.68, finishing only .65 seconds later.

### University of Southern California

Cavanaugh was an All-American swimmer and captain of the USC Trojans swimming team at the University of Southern California, where he swam for Hall of Fame Coach Peter Daland. He also played water polo for USC, graduating in 1986.
After completing his swimming career, Cavanaugh coached United States Masters swimmers and club swimmers in Southern California.
Cavanaugh has volunteered as a celebrity swimmer for charitable organizations including Swim Across America, an American-based fund raiser for cancer research. He now coaches and swims Masters having held many Masters National records. He also works with United States Swimming, and club swimmers at all levels. He resides in San Jose, California and formerly served as president of the board of directors of the highly competitive Santa Clara Swim Club.
# Millicent Yeboah Amankwah

Millicent Yeboah Amankwah (born July 22, 1992) is a Ghanaian politician and is a member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). She is currently the member of parliament for the Sunyani West constituency. She represents the constituency in the Ninth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Millicent hails from Odumase-Sunyani in the Bono Region of Ghana. She attended Notre Dame High School (Ghana). She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in 2016 and a Graduate Diploma in Law from the University of Law in 2022.

## Politics

In August 2019, she stood for the National Democratic Congress primaries for Sunyani West. Amankwah defeated Justice Samuel Adjei and Abdullai Yah garnering 623 votes against 171 and 286 votes.
In the 2024 General Elections Amankwaah stood in Sunyani West Constituency against the incumbent Ignatius Baffour Awuah the New Patriotic Party candidate, receiving 26,828 votes (57.64%) defeating her opponent who obtained 19,715 votes (42.36%).
# Berat Castle

Berat Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Beratit), also referred to as the Citadel of Berat and castle quarter, is a fortress overlooking the town of Berat, Albania. It dates mainly from the 13th century and contains many Byzantine-era Orthodox churches in the area and Ottoman-era mosques. It is built on a rocky hill on the right bank of the river Osum and is accessible only from the south. It is situated at an elevation of 214 metres (702 ft).

## History

After being burned down by the Romans in 200 B.C., the walls were strengthened in the 5th century under Roman Emperor Theodosius II to protect from Barbarian incursions into the Balkans. They were subsequently rebuilt during the 6th century under the Emperor Justinian I and again in the 13th century under the Despot of Epirus, Michael I Komnenos Doukas, cousin of the Byzantine Emperor. This last phase can be seen as a Monogram formed by red bricks set in a wall of the castle. The castle was under the rule of John Komnenos Asen in the mid-14th century The main entrance, on the north side, is defended by a fortified courtyard and there are three smaller entrances.
The fortress of Berat in its present state, even though considerably damaged, remains a magnificent sight. The surface that it encompasses made it possible to house a considerable portion of the cities inhabitants. The buildings inside the fortress were built during the 13th century and because of their characteristic architecture are preserved as cultural monuments. The population of the fortress was Christian, and it had about 20 Churches (most built during the 13th century) and only one mosque, for the use of the Turkish garrison (of which there survives only a few ruins and the base of the minaret). The churches of the fortress were damaged through years and only some have remained.
Berat Castle is depicted on the reverse of the Albanian 10 lekë coin, issued in 1996, 2000 and 2013.

## Churches

The 20 churches of Berat Castle are Eastern Orthodox churches built inside the castle. They contain frescoes and iconostasis painted by famous Albanian icon painters such as Onufri, Kostandin Shpataraku, Zografi Brothers and more.
The castle of Berat's population was largely Christian which lead to the construction of these churches (most of them built during the 13th Century). The churches of the fortress were damaged or destroyed through years and only some have remained. They are a symbol of the castle's history. The frescoes from these churches are painted during the Middle Ages by many icon artists such as Onufri who is famous in Albania and has his iconography museum located in the city of Berat.

### List

* Church of the Holy Trinity (Berat)
* Church of St. Michael (Berat)
* St. Mary of Blachernae Church (Berat)
* Church of St. Nicholas.
* Church of Saints Constantine and Helen.
* Church of St. George
* Evangelistria Church
* Church of St. Theodore (Berat)
* Monogram of Michael on the walls of the castle
* Houses inside Berat Castle
* 14th century Church of the Holy Trinity-(Kisha Shen Triadha)
* Dormotion of the Virgin Mary in Berat Castle.
* Church from Berat.
* Frescoes from the St. Mary of Blachernae Church (Berat)