# Timeline of national independence

This list includes currently extant sovereign states (list) and states with limited recognition that have declared independence from a predecessor state or an occupying power. Various states have never declared independence throughout their formations and hence are not included in the main list on this page, including states that were formed by the unification of multiple independent states, such as the United Kingdom, United States, and Tanzania, including states that did declare independence, but whose most recent establishment was through other means, such as Haiti, which declared independence from France in 1804, but split into two states in 1806 and was reunified in 1820. These countries are given on a separate list below. The list does not include duplicated entries for states that have declared independence multiple times, only using the most recent one. Subnational entities are usually not included in the list. Some of these dates of independence might be disputed. Entries in the "events" table are written in the present tense.

## Before 19th century

| Date | Previous entity | Newly independent entity | Event |
| September 3, 301 | Roman Empire | San Marino | Traditionally given date |
| 749 | Abbasid Caliphate | Oman | Subject to vassalage to other powers for short periods throughout its history. |
| August 10, 843 | Carolingian Empire | France | Treaty of Verdun, splitting the Frankish Empire into three states, one of which became France. |
| c. 950 | Tui Manu'a Empire | Tonga | Subject to British protectorate from 1900 to 1970. |
| July 27, 1139 | Leon | Portugal | In personal union with, and effective satellite state of, Spain between 1580 and 1640 |
| November 5, 1271 | Mongol Empire | China | Independent Chinese state reestablished with the collapse of the Mongol Empire. Earliest foundation of China disputed, but begins with either the Xia or Shang dynasty |
| 23 January 1579 | Spanish Netherlands | Netherlands | Gained independence from Spain during the Eighty Years' War. |
| 1616 | Tibet | Bhutan | Subject to British protectorate from 1910 to 1947, and an Indian protectorate from 1947 to 1971. |
| February 8, 1649 | Holy Roman Empire | Switzerland | Separated from Imperial sovereignty by the Peace of Westphalia |
| July 1747 | Persia | Afghanistan | Independent as the Durrani Empire, subject to British protectorate from 1880 to 1919. |

## 19th century to World War I

| Year | Previous entity | Newly independent entity | Event |
| May 23, 1810 | Spain | Río de la Plata | |
| May 14, 1811 | Spain | Paraguay | Independence not formally declared until 1842. |
| November 4, 1813 | Confederation of the Rhine | Liechtenstein | Confederation of the Rhine dissolved. |
| November 20, 1813 | France | United Kingdom of the Netherlands | Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Spain in 1581 as the Dutch Republic. |
| May 30, 1814 | France | Andorra | Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Urgell in 1278. |
| May 30, 1814 | France | Monaco | Independence restored after French rule. Initial independence from Genoa in 1297, interrupted by multiple Genoese occupations. |
| February 12, 1818 | Spain | Chile | Independence restored after Spanish reconquest, Initial independence in 1810. |
| September 28, 1821 | Spain | Mexico | |
| January 4, 1822 | Ottoman Empire | Greece | International recognition achieved in 1830. |
| September 7, 1822 | Portugal | Brazil | Unrecognized by Portugal until 1825. |
| October 4, 1828 | Brazil | Uruguay | Independence established by treaty as a buffer between Brazil and Argentina, which both previously claimed the region. |
| October 4, 1830 | Netherlands | Belgium | Unrecognized by Netherlands until 1839. |
| November 19, 1832 | Gran Colombia | Republic of New Granada | Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Initially named Republic of New Granada until 1861. |
| November 19, 1832 | Gran Colombia | Ecuador | Dissolution of Gran Colombia. |
| November 19, 1832 | Gran Colombia | Venezuela | Dissolution of Gran Colombia. Restoration of Independence, first established in 1811. |
| November 15, 1838 | Central America | Costa Rica | |
| June 19, 1839 | Belgium | Luxembourg | Grand Duchy re-established by the Treaty of London in personal union with the Netherlands (until 1890). |
| August 25, 1839 | Peru-Bolivia Confederation | Bolivia | Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1825. |
| August 25, 1839 | Peru-Bolivia Confederation | Peru | Restoration of Independence, first proclaimed in 1821. |
| July 26, 1847 | United States | Liberia | Unrecognized by United States until 1862. |
| May 1, 1865 | Spain | Dominican Republic | Independence restored after period of Spanish rule. Independence initially declared from Spain in 1821 as the Republic of Spanish Haiti, and from Haiti in 1844 with the current name. |
| July 1, 1867 | United Kingdom | Canada | Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| March 17, 1878 | Ottoman Empire | Bulgaria | Under Ottoman vassalage until 1908. Restoration of independence after Ottoman rule, initial foundation in 681. |
| November 29, 1898 | Central America | Nicaragua | Independence restored after the dissolution of the Greater Republic of Central America, initial independence in 1838. |
| January 1, 1901 | United Kingdom | Australia | Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| May 20, 1902 | United States | Cuba | United States retained Isla de Pinos until 1925. |
| November 4, 1903 | Colombia | Panama | Unrecognized by Colombia until 1922. |
| June 7, 1905 | Sweden | Norway | Independence restored after Danish and Swedish rule. Initial establishment around 872. |
| September 26, 1907 | United Kingdom | New Zealand | Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| May 31 1910 | United Kingdom | South Africa | Britain continued to exercise some level of control until the Statute of Westminster. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1961. |

## Interwar period

| Year | Previous entity | Newly independent entity | Event |
| December 6, 1917 | Russia | Finland | |
| October 17, 1918 | Austria Hungary | Hungary | Independence restored with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. Initial establishment in 895. Stayed in personal union with Austria until November 16. |
| December 1, 1918 | Denmark | Iceland | In personal union with Denmark until 1944. |
| February 15, 1921 | China | Bogd Khanate Mongolia | Independence restored after Chinese occupation. Initial independence declared in 1911, first Mongolian state founded 1203. |
| January 14, 1922 | Central American Federation | El Salvador | Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1841. |
| January 14, 1922 | Central American Federation | Guatemala | Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1839. |
| January 14, 1922 | Central American Federation | Honduras | Independence restored after brief attempt at reunifying Central America, initial independence in 1838. |
| March 15, 1922 | United Kingdom | Egypt | Independence restored after a period of British rule. Initial establishment around 3150 BC. |
| December 6, 1922 | United Kingdom | Ireland | Independence restored after direct British rule. In personal union with Britain until 1937. Initial establishment of first state called Ireland in 1177. |
| June 7, 1929 | Italy | Vatican City | Established by the Lateran Treaty |
| October 3, 1932 | United Kingdom | Iraq | Formerly a League of Nations mandate. |
| May 5, 1941 | Italy | Ethiopia | Independence restored after Italian occupation. Initially established in 1270. |
| December 22, 1943 | France | Lebanon | Formerly a League of Nations mandate. |
| December 22, 1943 | France | Syria | Formerly a League of Nations mandate. Unrecognized by France until 1946. |
| July 22, 1944 | Germany | Poland | Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment c. 960. |
| October 22, 1944 | Germany | Albania | Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 1190. |
| April 27, 1945 | Germany | Austria | Independence restored after German occupation. Initial establishment in 970 within the Holy Roman Empire. |
| August 15, 1945 | Japan | Korea | Independence restored after Japanese occupation. Initial establishment in 2333 BC, but the country became divided into South Korea and North Korea in 1948 created from the American occupation zone in the south and Soviet occupation zone in the north. |
| August 17, 1945 | Netherlands | Indonesia | Unrecognized by Netherlands until 1949. In personal union with the Netherlands until 1956. |

## Cold War

| Year | Previous entity | Newly independent entity | Event |
| June 17, 1946 | United Kingdom | Jordan | Previously a League of Nations Mandate. |
| July 4, 1946 | United States | Philippines | Restoration of Independence after American rule. Initial declaration of independence in 1897 |
| August 15, 1947 | United Kingdom | India | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1950. |
| August 15, 1947 | United Kingdom | Pakistan | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1956. |
| January 4, 1948 | United Kingdom | Burma | Independence restored after British rule. Initial establishment in 849 Name changed to Myanmar in 1989. |
| February 4, 1948 | United Kingdom | Ceylon | Renamed Sri Lanka in 1972. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1972. |
| May 14, 1948 | United Kingdom | Israel | Previously a League of Nations mandate. Partially unrecognized. |
| October 1, 1949 | China | China | The People's Republic of China declared independence from the Republic of China, founded in 1912, who retreated to Taiwan while the Chinese Communist Party consolidated control of Mainland China. Initial establishment in 2070 BC. |
| December 24, 1951 | United Kingdom and France | Libya | Created by merging French and British-occupied areas in Libya with the independent Emirate of Cyrenaica |
| October 22, 1953 | France | Laos | In December 2, 1975, The Pathet Lao, (Left-wing Revolutionary Force in Kingdom of Laos), control the country and takeover the power and abolished the Kingdom of Laos. Then it has become a Communist State and change Laos. Initial establishment in 1353. |
| November 9, 1953 | France | Cambodia | Independence restored after French protectorate status. Initial establishment in 802. |
| January 1, 1956 | United Kingdom and Kingdom of Egypt | Sudan | |
| March 20, 1956 | France | Tunisia | Independence restored after period as a French protectorate. Initial independence in 1705 |
| March 6, 1957 | United Kingdom | Ghana | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1960. |
| August 14, 1957 | France | Morocco | Independence restored after French protectorate. Initial founding in 788. |
| August 31, 1957 | United Kingdom | Malaya | Name changed to Malaysia in 1963. |
| October 2, 1958 | France | Guinea | |
| January 1, 1960 | France | Cameroon | |
| April 27, 1960 | France | Togo | |
| June 20, 1960 | France | Mali | |
| June 26, 1960 | France | Madagascar | Independence restored after French rule, initial establishment as Kingdom of Madagascar in 1817, a successor to the earlier Merina Kingdom. |
| June 30, 1960 | Belgium | DR Congo | Named Zaire from 1971-1997. Now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo or Congo-Kinshasa. |
| July 1, 1960 | Italy | Somalia | |
| July 31, 1960 | France | Dahomey | Renamed to Benin in 1975. |
| August 5, 1960 | France | Upper Volta | Renamed to Burkina Faso in 1984. |
| August 7, 1960 | France | Ivory Coast | |
| August 8, 1960 | France | Niger | |
| August 11, 1960 | France | Chad | |
| August 13, 1960 | France | Central African Republic | Central African Empire from 1976-1979. |
| August 15, 1960 | France | Congo | |
| August 16, 1960 | United Kingdom | Cyprus | |
| August 17, 1960 | France | Gabon | |
| August 20, 1960 | Mali | Senegal | |
| October 1, 1960 | United Kingdom | Nigeria | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1963. |
| November 28, 1960 | France | Mauritania | |
| April 27, 1961 | United Kingdom | Sierra Leone | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1971. |
| June 19, 1961 | United Kingdom | Kuwait | Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial independence in 1752. |
| January 1, 1962 | New Zealand | Samoa | Independence restored after German and New Zealand rule. Initial independence c. 1300. |
| July 1, 1962 | Belgium | Burundi | Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment c. 1680. |
| July 1, 1962 | Belgium | Rwanda | Independence restored after German and Belgian protectorate. Initial establishment around the 12th century. |
| July 5, 1962 | France | Algeria | Independence restored after French colonial rule. Initial founding in 1516 |
| August 6, 1962 | United Kingdom | Jamaica | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| August 31, 1962 | United Kingdom | Trinidad and Tobago | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1976. |
| October 9, 1962 | United Kingdom | Uganda | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1963. |
| November 12, 1963 | United Kingdom | Kenya | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1964. |
| July 6, 1964 | United Kingdom | Malawi | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1966. |
| September 21, 1964 | United Kingdom | Malta | Independence restored after French and British rule. Initial independence in 1520. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1974. |
| October 24, 1964 | United Kingdom | Zambia | |
| February 18, 1965 | United Kingdom | Gambia | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1970. |
| July 26, 1965 | United Kingdom | Maldives | Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment before 1117. |
| August 4, 1965 | New Zealand | Cook Islands | Partially unrecognized. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. In free association with New Zealand |
| August 9, 1965 | Malaysia | Singapore | Forcibly expelled from Malaysia. |
| May 26, 1966 | United Kingdom | Guyana | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1970. |
| September 30, 1966 | United Kingdom | Botswana | |
| October 4, 1966 | United Kingdom | Lesotho | Independence restored after period of British protectorate. Initial establishment around 1822. |
| November 30, 1966 | United Kingdom | Barbados | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 2021. |
| January 31, 1968 | Australia | Nauru | |
| March 12, 1968 | United Kingdom | Mauritius | In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1992. |
| September 6, 1968 | United Kingdom | Swaziland | Restoration of independence after British protectorate, initial establishment around 1745. Name changed to Eswatini in 2018. |
| October 12, 1968 | Spain | Equatorial Guinea | |
| June 4, 1970 | United Kingdom | Tonga | Independence restored after British protectorate. |
| October 10, 1970 | United Kingdom | Fiji | Restoration of independence after British colonial rule. Initial founding in 1871. In personal union with the UK and many other countries until 1987. |
| August 15, 1971 | United Kingdom | Bahrain | Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1783. |
| September 3, 1971 | United Kingdom | Qatar | Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial independence in 1868. |
| December 2, 1971 | United Kingdom | United Arab Emirates | Ras Al Khaimah initially not part of the union, joined in 1972. |
| December 16, 1971 | Pakistan | Bangladesh | Unrecognized by Pakistan until 1974. |
| July 10, 1973 | United Kingdom | Bahamas | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| September 24, 1973 | Portugal | Guinea-Bissau | |
| February 7, 1974 | United Kingdom | Grenada | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| October 19, 1974 | New Zealand | Niue | Independence restored after British and New Zealand rule. Initial establishment before 1887. Partially unrecognized. In personal union with the UK and many other countries. In free association with New Zealand. |
| June 25, 1975 | Portugal | Mozambique | |
| July 5, 1975 | Portugal | Cape Verde | |
| July 6, 1975 | France | Comoros | |
| July 12, 1975 | Portugal | São Tomé and Príncipe | |
| September 16, 1975 | Australia | Papua New Guinea | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| November 11, 1975 | Portugal | Angola | |
| November 25, 1975 | Netherlands | Suriname | |
| February 27, 1976 | Spain | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Partially unrecognized. |
| June 27, 1977 | France | Djibouti | |
| June 29, 1976 | United Kingdom | Seychelles | |
| July 7, 1978 | United Kingdom | Solomon Islands | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| October 1, 1978 | United Kingdom | Tuvalu | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| November 3, 1978 | United Kingdom | Dominica | |
| February 22, 1979 | United Kingdom | Saint Lucia | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| July 12, 1979 | United Kingdom | Kiribati | |
| October 27, 1979 | United Kingdom | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| April 18, 1980 | United Kingdom | Zimbabwe | Restoration of independence after a brief return to British rule after the Rhodesian Bush War. Initial independence in 1965 as Rhodesia. |
| July 7, 1980 | United Kingdom and France | Vanuatu | |
| September 21, 1981 | United Kingdom | Belize | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| November 1, 1981 | United Kingdom | Antigua and Barbuda | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| September 19, 1983 | United Kingdom | Saint Kitts and Nevis | In personal union with the UK and many other countries. |
| November 15, 1983 | Cyprus | Northern Cyprus | Largely unrecognized. |
| January 1, 1984 | United Kingdom | Brunei | Independence restored after British protectorate. Initial establishment in 1368. |
| March 11, 1990 | Soviet Union | Lithuania | Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1236. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| March 21, 1990 | South Africa | Namibia | |
| May 4, 1990 | Soviet Union | Latvia | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| December 22, 1990 | United States | Marshall Islands | In free association with the United States |
| December 22, 1990 | United States | Micronesia | In free association with the United States |
| April 9, 1991 | Soviet Union | Georgia | Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1008. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| May 18, 1991 | Somalia | Somaliland | Independence restored after union with Somalia. Initial independence in 1960. Unrecognized. |
| May 29, 1991 | Ethiopia | Eritrea | Unrecognized by Ethiopia until 1993. |
| June 25, 1991 | Yugoslavia | Croatia | Independence restored after Habsburg and Yugoslav rule. Initial independence in the 6th century. |
| June 25, 1991 | Yugoslavia | Slovenia | |
| August 20, 1991 | Soviet Union | Estonia | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1918. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| August 24, 1991 | Soviet Union | Ukraine | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in Ukraine. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| August 27, 1991 | Soviet Union | Moldova | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in Moldavian DR. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| August 30, 1991 | Soviet Union | Azerbaijan | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in Azerbaijan. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| August 31, 1991 | Soviet Union | Kyrgyzstan | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| August 31, 1991 | Soviet Union | Uzbekistan | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| September 9, 1991 | Soviet Union | Tajikistan | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| September 17, 1991 | Yugoslavia | North Macedonia | Name changed to North Macedonia in 2019. |
| October 27, 1991 | Soviet Union | Turkmenistan | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| November 5, 1991 | Soviet Union | Transnistria | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized. |
| November 23, 1991 | Soviet Union | Armenia | Independence restored after Russian and Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 331 BC. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| December 10, 1991 | Soviet Union | Belarus | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in Belarus. Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| December 16, 1991 | Soviet Union | Kazakhstan | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. |
| December 21, 1991 | Soviet Union | South Ossetia | Not official until the formal disestablishment of the Soviet Union. Largely unrecognized. |
| December 26, 1991 | Soviet Union | Russia | Independence restored after Soviet rule. Initial establishment in 1547. |

## Post–Cold War era

| Year | Previous entity | Newly independent entity | Event |
| March 6, 1992 | Yugoslavia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Restoration of independence after Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslav, and Croatian rule. Initial independence in 1154. |
| July 23, 1992 | Georgia | Abkhazia | Restoration of independence after Georgian, Russian, and Soviet rule. Initially founded in 778. Largely unrecognized. |
| January 1, 1993 | Czechoslovakia | Czech Republic | Dissolution of Czechoslovakia |
| January 1, 1993 | Czechoslovakia | Slovakia | Dissolution of Czechoslovakia |
| July 5, 1994 | Israel | Palestinian Authority | Created by the Oslo Accords, limited control over claimed territory. Partially unrecognized |
| October 1, 1994 | United States | Palau | In free association with the United States |
| May 20, 2002 | Indonesia | Timor-Leste | Independence restored after Indonesian occupation. Initial declaration of independence in 1975. |
| June 3, 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro | Montenegro | Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 1516 |
| June 3, 2006 | Serbia and Montenegro | Serbia | Independence restored after Yugoslav union. Initial establishment in 780 |
| June 14, 2007 | Israel and Palestinian Authority | Gaza Strip | Effectively operating as a separate state since Hamas takeover of government. Largely unrecognized. |
| February 17, 2008 | Serbia | Kosovo | Kosova. Partially unrecognized. |
| August 20, 2010 | Myanmar | Wa State | Recognizes the authority of the National Unity Government of Myanmar but de facto independent. Unrecognized. |
| July 9, 2011 | Sudan | South Sudan | |
| December 6, 2023 | Myanmar | Chinland | Recognizes the authority of the National Unity Government of Myanmar and aims to rejoin country once they are restored. Unrecognized. |
| April 1, 2024 | Somalia | Puntland | Seeks reintegration into Somalia after the adoption of a new constitution. Unrecognized. |

## Timeline of states established by means other than declaring independence

| Year | Previous entity | Newly established entity | Event |
| Possibly before 97 BC | Yamatai and Other small Japanese states. | Japan | Origins of the Japanese state are largely unknown. Traditional foundation date by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. Emperor Sujin is considered to be the earliest possible non-legendary emperor of Japan, began his reign c. 97 BC. |
| c. 936 | Petty Kingdoms in Denmark | Denmark | Likely date of Gorm the Old's accession as Denmark's first historically-confirmed king. |
| c. 970 | Petty Kingdoms in Sweden | Sweden | Likely date of Eric the Victorious's accession as Sweden's first historically-confirmed king. |
| January 19, 1479 | Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon | Spain | Exactly when Spain was united is debated, the date given here is when Ferdinand II of Aragon, husband to Isabella I of Castile, ascended to the Aragonese throne and the Catholic Monarchs began to govern Spain as a de facto single realm. Legally, Castile and Aragon maintained separate institutions until the Nueva Planta Decrees issued between 1707 and 1716, and Navarre maintained separate institutions until 1841. |
| September 29, 1768 | Gorkha Kingdom and 29 small Nepalese kingdoms. | Nepal | Prithvi Narayan Shah declares the establishment of the Kingdom of Nepal. Unification campaign continues to 1795 with the annexation of the Kingdom of Mustan. |
| March 15, 1776 | Kingdoms of Phimai, Phitsanulok, and Swangburi | Thailand | Completion of the reunification of Siam by Taksin the Great. Initial establishment in 1238. |
| March 3, 1781 | States of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York (state), Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia | United States | Articles of Confederation come into effect, establishing a federal government and uniting the previously sovereign states into a confederation. |
| January 1, 1801 | Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland | United Kingdom | Acts of Union 1800 come into effect. Southern Ireland secedes in 1922. |
| October 26, 1820 | North Haiti and South Haiti | Haiti | Haiti reunified after division following the death of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Initial independence from France declared in 1804. |
| January 24, 1859 | Moldavia and Principality of Wallachia | Romania | Ottoman vassal until 1877. |
| March 3, 1861 | Kingdom of Sardinia, United Provinces of Central Italy and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies | Italy | |
| October 29, 1923 | Ottoman Empire | Turkey | Declaration of the Republic of Turkey, superseding the previous Ottoman state. |
| December 22, 1932 | Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and Idrisid Emirate of Asir | Saudi Arabia | Abolition of the dual monarchy of Nejd and Hejaz, which is superseded by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. |
| April 26, 1964 | Tanganyika (1961–1964) and People's Republic of Zanzibar | Tanzania | |
| July 2, 1976 | North Vietnam and Republic of South Vietnam | Vietnam | Reunified following the Vietnam War. Initial establishment before 200 BC. |
| October 3, 1990 | East Germany and West Germany | Germany | Germany reunified after Cold War-era division. Unification of the German Empire in 1871. |