# Gustavo Santaolalla

Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla (Spanish:; born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine composer and musician. Known for his minimalist approach to composing, he rose to fame for creating the scores for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006), for which he received two Academy Awards for Best Original Score in consecutive years. Santaolalla also gained recognition for his work on The Last of Us game series, composing the 2013 title and its 2020 sequel. He returned to reprise his themes and co-compose the score for the 2023 television adaptation.
Santaolalla initially rose to prominence in Argentina as the guitarist and original frontman of the rock band Arco Iris, which he co-founded in 1967. With a sound that fused the styles of Argentine folk, psychedelia and jazz rock, the group became influential in the development of Argentine rock (known locally as rock nacional or “national rock”). Arco Iris are now considered to be pioneers of rock en español (Spanish-language rock), alongside bands such as Almendra, Los Gatos, Manal, and Vox Dei. Since his departure from the band in 1975, Santaolalla has continued to produce and promote Spanish-language rock acts outside his native Argentina, helping to bring popularity to Argentine rock throughout Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s. He is also a member of the neotango group Bajofondo, a project he helped form in 2002.
Santaolalla has been a collaborator with acclaimed director Alejandro González Iñárritu, composing the first four psychological drama films Iñárritu directed. His other notable work includes writing the themes for television series such as the American satirical romantic dramedy series Jane the Virgin (2014–2019), its MBC 4 Arabic adaptation, and the crime documentary series Making a Murderer (2015–2018).

## Early life

Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla was born in Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar on 19 August 1951. He attended St. Paul's College in Hurlingham. His family has roots in Spain; his grandfather was Andalusian and his grandmother was Basque. As a boy, Santaolalla was given a ronroco, which led to him developing an interest in rock and roll and drove him away from an early ambition to become a priest.

## Career

Santaolalla's music career began in 1967 when he co-founded the group Arco Iris, a rock band that pioneered the fusion of rock and Latin American folk known as rock nacional. The band adopted the lifestyle of a yoga commune guided by former model Danais "Dana" Winnycka and her partner, musician Ara Tokatlian. The band had a few hits, such as "Mañanas Campestres" ("Country Mornings"), and made inroads into different forms of musical expression (notably a ballet piece for Oscar Aráiz). However, Santaolalla felt constricted by the strict requirements of Dana's teachings, which prohibited the consumption of meat, alcohol, and drugs; he left the group in 1975.
In 1976, Santaolalla assembled Soluna, a band in which he played alongside teenage pianist and singer Alejandro Lerner and his then-girlfriend Monica Campins. Together they recorded just one album (Energía Natural in 1977). He then left for Los Angeles, where he adopted a rock and roll sound and formed the band Wet Picnic with ex-Crucis member Aníbal Kerpel. He briefly returned to Argentina in 1981 to produce Leon Gieco's Pensar en Nada and record his first solo album. As a solo artist, he has recorded three albums. His first self-titled album, Santaolalla (1981), broke new ground by incorporating the 1980s sound into rock in Argentina for the first time. He was joined by Lerner and the Willy Iturri-Alfredo Toth rhythm section, who were two-thirds of the band GIT. His second album, titled Gas, was released in 1995.
Santaolalla's most recent solo album, Ronroco (1998), contained several tracks with the characteristic sound of the folk string instrument of the same name, which later became a defining instrument in his soundtrack work. Ronroco also contains his solo piece for Iguazu Falls, "Iguazu," which was later used in films such as The Insider, Collateral and Babel, as well as a 2007 Vodafone TV commercial and TV series such as Deadwood, 24, and Top Gear. It also contains the track "De Ushuaia a La Quiaca" used by Walter Salles in his The Motorcycle Diaries. Santaolalla aided the development of rock en español by acting as producer for the Mexican acts Neón, Maldita Vecindad, Fobia, Molotov, Café Tacuba, and Julieta Venegas; the Colombian singer Juanes; the Chilean rock trio Los Prisioneros; fellow Argentine rock musicians Divididos, Bersuit Vergarabat, Érica García, and León Gieco, among many others.
Santaolalla began working on film soundtracks in the late 1990s, producing albums for the films Amores Perros, 21 Grams, and The Motorcycle Diaries. He provided the instrumental music for the soundtrack to the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain, from which "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" won the 2006 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. Santaolalla received the 2006 Academy Award for Original Score for Brokeback Mountain. In 2007, he received his second Academy Award for the film score to Babel, and dedicated the award to his father and his home country Argentina.
Santaolalla acted as the producer of Gaby Kerpel's Carnabailito and co-produced the Kronos Quartet's Nuevo, an album which renders homage to the musical heritage of Mexico. He has also been part of the resurgent neo-tango movement, as the prime mover behind the Bajofondo Tango Club collective. He is mentioned as the co-producer of Calle 13's song "Tango del Pecado", a song from their album Residente o Visitante. In 2005, he received the Platinum Konex Award as best Argentine artistic producer of the 1995-2005 decade. In 2008, he composed the soundtrack for the Louis Vuitton film Where Will Life Take You? directed by Bruno Aveillan. Later that year, he recorded two songs on "All You Need Is Me", a single by English singer Morrissey. The tracks, "Children In Pieces" and "My Dearest Love", were recorded in Los Angeles.
Santaolalla directed music for Aamir Khan's movie Dhobi Ghat, which was released on 21 January 2011. He also collaborated with Argentine composer Osvaldo Golijov on several projects commissioned by soprano Dawn Upshaw. These include the opera Ainadamar, based on the murder of Spanish poet Federico García Lorca, and Ayre, a collection of folk songs, in which Santaolalla plays with a group that calls itself The Andalucian Dogs. He provided the score for the 2012 film On the Road, produced by Francis Ford Coppola and directed by Walter Salles. That same year, he was nominated for Producer of the Year at the Latin Grammy Awards for his work on De Noche (Antonio Carmona), Entre la Ciudad y el Mar (Gustavo Galindo), and Rêverie (Luciano Supervielle), co-produced with Juan Campodónico from Bajofondo.
Santaolalla received critical acclaim for composing the score to the 2013 action-adventure video game The Last of Us, which was his first experience in the video game industry. In 2020, he returned to compose the music for its sequel, The Last of Us Part II.
In 2015, Santaolalla was inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame.
On 20 and 21 September 2019, Eric Clapton invited Santaolalla to participate at his Crossroads event at the American Airlines Arena in Dallas, Texas. He performed the song "De Ushuaia a la Quiaca" and a version of "Ando Rodando". He also played in the last song of the event on with Clapton, Gary Clark Jr, Buddy Guy, John Mayer, Susan Tedeschi, Derek Trucks, Jimmie Vaughan, James Bay and others.

## Artistry

Santaolalla does not know how to read or write musical notation, nor does he use an orchestra for his soundtracks. He said, "I don't see myself as a film composer. I see myself as more of an artist that uses different forms to express myself. I love it all."

## Personal life

Santaolalla lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Alejandra Palacios, and their daughter Luna (born 1994) and son Don Juan Nahuel (born 1999). He has a daughter named Ana (born 1980) from a previous relationship with Monica Campins.

## Credits

| Year | Title | Notes |
| 1981 | She Dances Alone | |
| 1998 | Ronroco | Solo work, first release of "Iguazu" |
| 1999 | The Insider | Features his song, "Iguazu" |
| 2000 | Amores perros | |
| 2003 | 21 Grams | |
| 2004 | Salinas grandes | TV |
| 2004 | The Motorcycle Diaries | BAFTA Award for Original Music Score. See also the soundtrack |
| 2005 | North Country | See also the soundtrack |
| 2005 | Yes | Features his song "Iguazu" |
| 2005 | Brokeback Mountain | Academy Award for Original Score. See also the soundtrack |
| 2006 | Fast Food Nation | Features his song "Iguazu" |
| 2006 | Babel | Academy and BAFTA Award for Original Score. See also the soundtrack |
| 2007 | Into the Wild | Features his song "Picking Berries" |
| 2007 | My Blueberry Nights | Features his song "Pájaros" |
| 2008 | Linha de Passe | |
| 2009 | I Come with the Rain | |
| 2010 | The Sun Behind the Clouds: Tibet's Struggle for Freedom | |
| 2010 | Nanga Parbat | |
| 2010 | Biutiful | |
| 2010 | Dhobi Ghaat | Hindi language Indian film |
| 2012 | On the Road | |
| 2013 | The Last of Us | Video game |
| 2013 | August: Osage County | |
| 2014 | The Book of Life | |
| 2014 | Wild Tales | Goya Award for Best Original Score |
| 2014 | Camino | Solo work |
| 2015 | Making a Murderer | |
| 2015 | Borrowed Time | Short |
| 2016 | Before the Flood | |
| 2016 | Qhapaq Ñan: Desandando El Camino | |
| 2017 | A Life in 12 Bars | |
| 2017 | To End a War | |
| 2017 | All That Divides Us | |
| 2018 | Narcos: Mexico | |
| 2020 | The Fight | |
| 2020 | The Last of Us Part II | Video game. Likeness also used in the game for a banjo player in Jackson. |
| 2020 | El Cid | |
| 2021 | Finch | |
| 2021 | Maya and the Three | Netflix miniseries |
| 2022 | The House | Netflix anthology film |
| 2023–present | The Last of Us | HBO series |

## Awards and nominations
### Awards

* Academy Awards:
** 2005: Best Original Score – Brokeback Mountain
** 2006: Best Original Score – Babel
* Annie Awards:
** 2022: Best Music, TV/Media – Maya and the Three
* BAFTA Awards:
** 2004: Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music – The Motorcycle Diaries
** 2006: Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music – Babel
* BMI:
** On 13 June 2008, Gustavo Santaolalla was honored as a BMI Icon at the 15th annual BMI Latin Awards. The BMI Icon award is bestowed on creators who have had a "unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers."
* Golden Globe Awards:
** 2005: Best Original Song – "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" from Brokeback Mountain
* Grammy Awards:
** 2004: Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album – Cuatro Caminos (producer)
** 2009: Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album: La Vida... Es un Ratico (producer)
* Latin Grammy Awards:
** 2000: Best Rock Album – Revés/Yo Soy (producer)
** 2001: Best Rock Solo Vocal Album – Fíjate Bien (producer)
** 2003: Record of the Year – "Es Por Ti" (producer)
** 2003: Album of the Year – Un Día Normal (producer)
** 2003: Best Pop Instrumental Album – Bajofondo Tango Club (producer)
** 2004: Best Alternative Music Album – Cuatro Caminos (producer)
** 2005: Best Rock Solo Vocal Album – Mi Sangre (producer)
** 2005: Producer of the Year
*** A Contraluz by La Vela Puerca
*** Bajofondo Tango Club Presenta A: Supervielle by Supervielle
*** Celador De Sueños by Orozco and Barrientos
*** Cristobal Repetto by Cristobal Repetto
*** Guau! by Arbol
*** Mi Sangre by Juanes
*** The Motorcycle Diaries: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
*** 13 by Javier García
** 2006: Best Tango Album – Café De Los Maestros (producer)
** 2008: Record of the Year: "Me Enamora" (producer)
** 2008: Album of the Year: La Vida... Es un Ratico (producer)
** 2008: Best Male Pop Vocal Album: La Vida... Es un Ratico (producer)

### Nominations

* BAFTA Awards:
** 2005: Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music – Brokeback Mountain
* Golden Globe Awards:
** 2005: Best Original Score – Brokeback Mountain
** 2006: Best Original Score – Babel
* Grammy Awards:
** 2007: Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media – Brokeback Mountain: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (producer)
** 2008: Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media – Babel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (composer)
* Primetime Emmy Awards:
** 2012: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music – Hell on Wheels
** 2023: Outstanding Music Composition for a Series – The Last of Us: Long, Long Time