# Charles S. Fairfax

Charles Snowden Fairfax, 10th Lord Fairfax of Cameron (March 8, 1829 – April 4, 1869) was an American Democratic politician and peer who served as speaker of the California State Assembly in 1854. Lured west during the California gold rush, the town of Fairfax, California, is named for him.

## Early life and family

He was born on Vaucluse Plantation in Virginia, the eldest son of Albert Fairfax and Caroline Eliza Snowden, who were married on April 7, 1828. His younger brother was John Contee Fairfax, 11th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who became the 11th Lord Fairfax of Cameron upon Charles' death in 1869. His paternal grandfather was Thomas Fairfax, 9th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. On May 1, 1838, his mother married William R. Saunders.

## California

Fairfax, still the potential 10th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, left Richmond, Virginia, with 74 other gold-seekers on the ship Glenmore. After disembarking and crossing Panama, he boarded a second ship, the steamer California, and arrived in San Francisco on June 23, 1850.
The life of a miner in the mother lode of California might have been somewhat of a shock to Fairfax, who grew up as a gentleman farmer, but he stuck with the endeavor for a while. He prospected extensively, only to lose whatever money he made as fast as he got hold of it. There were stories of him working for others, pushing a wheelbarrow, or tending a mule pulling a cart of gravel and sloshing about in the mud of the diggings.
In 1851, he abandoned the goldfields and turned to a new calling—politics—and became a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. Fairfax was a member of the California State Assembly, first representing Yuba and Sierra Counties from 1853 to '54, then Yuba County alone from 1854 to '55. He served as Speaker of the Assembly in 1854. He subsequently served as Clerk of the Supreme Court of California, 1856–'61. From 1865 to 1867, he was a Supervisor of Marin County.

## Personal life

In 1854, Fairfax met his wife, Ada Benham, the daughter of Joseph S. Benham of Cincinnati, in San Francisco. They were married on January 10, 1855, in Louisville, Kentucky, at the home of her stepsister, Henrietta Prentice. They had no children.

### Estate in California

After their return to San Francisco, Fairfax and his bride visited his boyhood friend Dr. Alfred W. Taliaferro at his country home in Marin County. When they expressed their great admiration of his estate, he gave them the property as a wedding gift. Thus, in 1855, the couple became residents of what would eventually become the town of Fairfax.
The Fairfax estate was near the site of the last political duel fought in California, on the afternoon of May 25, 1861, between State Assemblymen Daniel Showalter and Charles W. Piercy. Though Fairfax served them lunch and tried to dissuade them, the two men walked to a grassy meadow and fired rifles at 40 paces; Piercy was killed by the second volley.
They made many improvements to their new property and called it Bird's Nest Glen. Fairfax imported game birds to satisfy his zeal for hunting and improve his chances for success. Ada planted trees and flowers and named the estate.
They entertained lavishly and it became so customary for their friends to say, "Let's go to the Fairfax's," or "Let's go to Fairfax," that the area took on the identity of Fairfax, which continued long after their departure, up to the time of the town's incorporation in 1931.
In 1925, the Emporium bought the property, which later became the Marin Town and Country Club.
Bird's Nest Glen is now on the National Register of Historic Places as California Registered Historical Landmark No. 679. The plaque is on the site, at the Marin Town and Country Club.

### Death

Charles S. Fairfax died suddenly, at age 40, at Barnum's City Hotel in Baltimore, Maryland, after having traveled east as a chairman of the California delegation to the Democratic National Convention, which was assembled in New York City. He is interred in Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, D.C., as is his widow.
Ada Benham, widowed, moved to Fort Ross, California, until she sold her holdings and moved to Washington, D. C..
Fairfax was thoroughly identified with the state of his adoption, and was well known and respected on the Pacific coast. He stood high in the Masonic fraternity, the members of which arranged to send a large delegation at the time of his death.