# Sony Music Entertainment Japan

Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (株式会社ソニー・ミュージックエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Sonī Myūjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short (stylized as SonyMusic), is a Japanese music arm for Sony. Founded in 1968 as CBS/Sony, SMEJ is directly owned by Sony Group Corporation and is operating independently from the United States–based Sony Music Entertainment due to its strength in the Japanese music industry. Its subsidiaries include the Japanese animation production enterprise, Aniplex, which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid 1990s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.
Until March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.
Sony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the "walking eye" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.
With Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.

## History
### Beginnings as CBS joint venture

The idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International, who had spent a decade traveling the world building CBS’s international company. In 1972 Schein would leave CBS to become the president of Sony Corporation of America.
Sony Music Entertainment Japan was officially incorporated in March 1968 as a Tokyo-based 50/50 joint venture between Sony and U.S. conglomerate CBS to distribute the latter's music releases in Japan. The company was incorporated as CBS/Sony Records and with Sony co-founder Akio Morita as president.
Norio Ohga, who himself was a musician, was part of the management team from the formation of the company and served as president and representative director since April 1970. In 1972, when CBS/Sony was generating robust profits, Ohga was named chairman and at the same time gained further responsibility and influence within Sony. He would continue to work for the music company one morning a week. In 1980, Toshio Ozawa succeeded Ohga as president.
In 1983, the company was renamed CBS/Sony Group.

### Sony acquires The CBS Records Group in 1988

In January 1988, after more than a year of negotiations, Sony acquired the CBS Records Group and the 50% of CBS/Sony Group that it did not already own.
In March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group: CBS/Sony Inc., Epic/Sony Records Inc., CBS/Sony Records Inc. and Sony Video Software International.
The company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment (Japan), Inc.
Shugo Matsuo was named new president in January 1992, replacing Toshio Ozawa, who was appointed to the post of chairman.
Overall sales for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1991, were 83.8 billion yen with a pretax profit of 9.2 billion yen.
In June 1996, Ryokichi Kunugi became the new president. Shugo Matsuo was named chairman.
Shigeo Maruyama was appointed to the new post of CEO on October 1, 1997, and replaced Kunugi as president in February 1998.
In August 1998, the logo was changed from the original "Walking Eye" to the current one.
As of 2019, Mizuno Michinori is the official CEO of the company.
In May 2018, SMEJ, through its Sony Creative Products division, acquired a 39% stake in the Peanuts comic strip franchise from DHX Media.

### Unties

Sony Music Entertainment announced the launch of its first video game publishing label, Unties, in October 2017. Unties will publish indie games for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation VR, Nintendo Switch, and PC. The name was selected by Sony as representative of helping to "unleash" the power of independent video game development and "unshackle" such developers from the traditional video game publishing process.
Unties' first release was Tiny Metal, a turn-based tactics video game developed by Area 35, for the Nintendo Switch, PS4, and PC. The game was first premiered at PAX West Indie Megabooth. Published Azure Reflections, a side-scrolling bullet hell developed by Souvenir Circ., on May 15, 2018, for the PS4. Published Touhou Gensou Wanderers Reloaded, a roguelike rpg developed by Aqua Style, for the PS4, Nintendo Switch, and PC. Published Necrosphere, a platformer developed by Cat Nigiri, for the PS4, Nintendo Switch, PC, and PSVita. Published Midnight Sanctuary, a VR/3D Novel game developed by CAVYHOUSE, for the PS4, Nintendo Switch and PC. Published Tokyo Dark, a visual novel mystery adventure hybrid developed by Cherrymochi, for the PC. Published Chiki-Chiki Boxy Racers, an arcade racing game developed by Pocket, for the Nintendo Switch on August 30, 2018. Scheduled to publish on Last Standard, a 3d action game developed by I From Japan, intended for PC. Scheduled to publish The Good Life, a daily-life rpg developed by White Owls Inc., for the PS4 and PC. Scheduled to publish Merkava Avalanche, a 3d cavalry warfare action game developed by WinterCrownWorks, for the PC. Scheduled to publish Olija, an action adventure game developed by Skeleton Crew Studio, for the PC. Scheduled to publish Deemo Reborn, a music rhythm and urban fantasy game developed by Taiwanese studio Rayak, for the PS4 with PSVR support. Scheduled to publish Giraffe and Anika, a 3d adventure game developed by Atelier Mimina, for the PS4, Nintendo Switch and PC. Scheduled to publish 3rd Eye, a 2d horror exploration game, based on the Touhou franchise, for the PS4, Nintendo Switch, and PC. Scheduled to publish Gensokyo Defenders, a tower-defense game developed by Neetpia, for the PS4 and Nintendo Switch. In 2019, Unties was dropped from the Sony group and became the new company Phoenixx.

### Increased competition

The company's leading role on the Japanese market was increasingly challenged by labels such as Avex (where SMEJ formerly owned 5 percent of shares). Net sales for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1997, were down 10% to 103 billion yen, while net income fell 41% to 7.7 billion yen. The market share at that time was less than 18%. In August 1997, Dreams Come True, until that point Sony Music Entertainment Japan's best-selling act, signed a worldwide multi-album deal with competing U.S. label Virgin Records America.
Since then it was said that SMEJ ceded to Avex's challenge, but SMEJ bounced back and regained leadership from its indie rival until 2012. SMEJ netted 22.4 billion yen for 1H 2012 and 14.3% of the market, second behind Avex (24.95 B yen, 15.9%).
In May 2017, SMEJ, through subsidiary Sony Music Marketing (now Sony Music Solutions), acquired the physical retail and distribution rights to releases of another rival, Warner Music Japan.

## Labels and sublabels
### Active

* Aniplex
** A-1 Pictures
** Aniplex.exe
** Aniplex of America
** Aniplex Shanghai
** Boundary
** CloverWorks
** Crunchyroll, LLC (co-owned with Sony Pictures)
*** Crunchyroll streaming
*** Crunchyroll UK and Ireland
*** Crunchyroll Store Australia
*** Crunchyroll EMEA
**** Crunchyroll SAS
**** Crunchyroll SA
**** Crunchyroll GmbH
*** Crunchyroll Games
*** Crunchyroll Store
*** Crunchyroll Channel (FAST streaming channel; co-owned with Sony Pictures Television Networks' Game Show Network, LLC)
*** Hayate (co-owned with Aniplex)
** Peppermint Anime GmbH (co-owned with Peppermint Anime)
** Rialto Entertainment
* Music Ray'n [ja]
* Sony Music Labels
** Sony Music Records
*** Sony Records – formerly known as CBS/Sony since 1968
*** GR8! Records (read "G-R-eight") – founded April 2003
*** Mastersix Foundation
*** N46Div.
*** Seed & Flower
*** 22/7
*** Niagara Records – private label of Eiichi Ohtaki
*** Sony Music Japan International – distribution label for music from international version of Sony Music
** Epic Records Japan – formerly known as Epic/Sony since 1971
** Ki/oon Music – launched as Ki/oon Sony Records on April 1, 1992
** SME Records – founded 1998 and taken over the Japanese anime television series "Pocket Monsters" since 2013.
** Sony Music Associated Records – given this name in 2001.
*** Onenation – joint venture with LDH Japan
** Ariola Japan – formerly known as BMG Japan until October 2009.
** Sacra Music – anison label since 2017
** Sony Music Direct – founded as Sony Music House in 1996. Continues to use "Walking Eye" logo. Became part of Sony Music Labels in 2022.
** Echoes
* Sony Music Solutions – Overseas distribution of labels which have a distribution and contract with SMEJ. Formerly known as Sony Music Distribution until 2014 and as Sony Music Marketing until 2019.

### Defunct

* Dohb Discs (1994–2000)
* Antinos Records – launched in 1994 with Sony Music director Shigeo Maruyama as its president. The first releases on August 21 were a mini-album by indie group Confusion and singles by the groups Aniss, Neverending Story, and Ginji Itoh. (1994–2004, merged into Epic Records Japan)
* Studioseven Recordings (2006–2010, merged into Gr8! Records)
* Tofu Records (US sub-label, 2003–2007)
* Defstar Records – (2000–2015, merged into SME Records)
* Pikachu Records – (1997–2012, merged into SME Records and Sony Music Labels)
* VVV records
* OKeh – launched in 1994 and headed by Sony Music deputy president Hiroshi Inagaki.
* Former sub-labels of Sony Music Associated Records
** True Kiss Disc – private label of Tetsuya Komuro
** Tributelink – Temporary label in 2001
** Terry Dollar Records – formerly private label of Oreskaband
** Yeah! Yeah! Yeah! Records – (2005–2010)
* Former sub-labels of Ki/oon Music
** Fitz Beat
** Haunted Records
** Ki/oon Records2
** Neosite
** Siren Song – formerly private label of X Japan
** Trefort
* Former Aniplex subsidiaries (on behalf of Crunchyroll LLC (with Sony Pictures))
** 5 Point Pictures
** Funimation
** Right Stuf
** VRV
** Wakanim
* Quatro A

### Other services

* Antinos Management America Inc. – Overseas marketing and promotion of SMEJ artists
* Monogatary.com – Named after a stylized romanization of monogatari (物語, 'story'), a social networking service about creative writing and illustrations founded in October 2017. Has collaborated with SMEJ artists, most notably Yoasobi, which was initially formed to create music based on selected stories on the site.
* Sony Creative Products – Character licensing, usually working with overseas characters, such as the Peanuts franchise and Pingu.
* Zepp Hall Network Inc. – Operates 11 concert halls in Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia

## Notable artists

* 2AM
* 2PM
* 9nine
* Abingdon Boys School
* Access
* Aco
* Aimer
* AKB48 (2006–2008)
* Aki Toyosaki
* ALI
* Ami Suzuki (1998–2001)
* An Cafe
* Angela Aki
* Aoi Eir
* Aqua Timez
* Asian Kung-Fu Generation
* Automatic Loveletter
* Ayahi Takagaki
* Beat Crusaders
* Boom Boom Satellites
* The Boss
* The Boyz
* The Brilliant Green
* Buckethead
* Chai
* Chara (1990–2004, 2012–present)
* Chemistry
* Chiaki Kuriyama
* Cinder Road
* ClariS
* Coldrain
* Cool Joke
* The Cro-Magnons
* Crossfaith
* Crystal Kay (1999–2011)
* Dancing Dolls
* Dead or Alive
* Debbie Gibson
* Depapepe
* Denki Groove
* Dir En Grey
* Does
* Dreams Come True
* Egoist
* Eric Martin
* Fight Like Apes
* Flow
* Galileo Galilei
* Garnidelia (2014–2021)
* The Gazette
* Got7 (2014–2021)
* Halcali
* Hajime Chitose
* Haruka Tomatsu
* Harumi Tsuyuzaki
* Hikaru Utada
* Himeka (2009–2012)
* Hinatazaka46
* Hitorie
* Home Made Kazoku
* Hyde
* I Am Ghost
* I Wish
* Ikimono Gakari
* Ikue Ōtani
* Jasmine
* Jinn
* Joe Inoue
* Jay Sean
* Judy and Mary (1991–2001)
* June
* JY
* K
* Kalafina (2007–2019)
* Kana Hanazawa (2012–2021)
* Kana Nishino
* Kelun
* Ken Hirai
* Kenshi Yonezu
* King Gnu
* Konomi Suzuki
* Kotaro Oshio
* Kep1er
* Kung Faux
* L'Arc-en-Ciel
* Lama
* Led Zepagain
* Little by Little
* Ling Tosite Sigure
* LiSA
* Loick Essien
* Long Shot Party
* Luna Haruna
* Maboroshi
* Mai Hoshimura
* Man with a Mission
* Masahiko Kondō
* Masakazu Morita
* Mayu Watanabe
* MBLAQ
* Meisa Kuroki
* MiChi
* Miho Fukuhara
* Mika Nakashima
* Milet
* Miliyah Kato
* Minako Kotobuki
* Minami Kuribayashi
* Miwa
* Miyu Nagase
* Naniwa Express
* Mucc (2011–2017)
* Nami Tamaki
* Nana Kitade
* Natsume Mito
* Nico Touches the Walls
* NiziU
* No3b (2008–2013)
* Nobodyknows
* Nogizaka46
* Nothing's Carved in Stone
* NU'EST
* Orange Range
* Oreskaband
* Piko
* Polysics
* Porno Graffitti
* Prague
* Puffy AmiYumi (1996–2015)
* Rei Yasuda
* Reol
* ReoNa
* Rie Fu
* Rina Chinen
* Rica Matsumoto
* Rize
* Rythem
* Sachiko Kobayashi
* Saki Kubota (1979–1984)
* Sakurazaka46
* Sambomaster
* SawanoHiroyuki[nZk]
* Sayaka Kanda
* Scandal
* School Food Punishment
* Seamo (2002–2011; 2019–)
* Secret (2011–2013)
* Seiko Matsuda
* Siam Shade
* Shinichi Osawa
* Shion Tsuji
* Shoko Nakagawa
* SID
* SixTones
* Soul'd Out
* Soulhead
* Sowelu
* Spyair
* Stance Punks
* Stephanie
* Stereopony
* Stray Kids
* SunSet Swish
* Supercell
* T.M.Revolution
* Tamio Okuda
* TFN
* TiA
* TripleS
* TK from Ling Losite Sigure
* Totalfat
* Tomoko Kawase
* Tomohisa Sako
* Tomohisa Yamashita
* Toshinobu Kubota
* Tube
* Uri Nakayama
* Uverworld
* Whitesnake (1982–1994)
* Wonder Girls
* X Japan
* Yellow Generation
* Yoasobi
* Yoshida Brothers
* Younha
* Yui
* Yuna Ito
* Yuya Matsushita
* Zebrahead
* Zone

### Actors

* Ken Ishiguro
* Satoshi Ichijo
* Yuki Ito
* Shota Inoue
* Shutaro Kadoshi
* Kyôhei Kanomi
* Yuki Kura
* Ryo Takasugi
* Ryo Narita
* Nishikiori Gekidan
* Kazuhiko Nishimura
* Rio Masuzawa
* Meguro-eup
* Yuki Morinaga
* Yuma Yamoto
* Daichi Watanabe
* Yutaro Watanabe

### Actress

* Misato Aoyama
* Haruka Echigo
* Maya Okano
* Ririka Kato
* Miho Kitagawa
* Yuki Kimoto
* Sayu Kubota
* Kana Kurashina
* Kokusho Sayuri
* Yuki Saso
* Saki Sato
* Hakusan Himeashi
* Riho Takada
* Rina Takeda
* Tao Tsuchiya
* Eriko Tomiyama
* Riko Nagase
* Natsukawa Asa
* Fumi Nikaido
* Tomoko Nozaki
* Ai Hashimoto
* Mayumi Hasegawa
* Kaoru Hirata
* Kiyo Matsumoto
* Misato Morita
* Nana Mori
* Kanna Mori
* Ririka
* Misako Renbutsu

## Other people

* Norio Ohga
* Akio Morita
* Toshio Ozawa
* Shugo Matsuo
* Ryokichi Kunugi
* Shigeo Maruyama
* Takashi Yoshida† (died 2010, transferred to Warner Music before death)
* Vivid
* Hiroshi Inagaki (now on Avex Group)
* Naoki Kitagawa
* Kazutomo Enomoto
* Yaz Noya (Tofu Records founder)
* Nozomi Sasaki
* Masatoshi Sakai† (record producer from 1968, died 2021)