OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Selfrag diamond extraction method

The Selfrag Diamond Extraction Method is an innovative high-voltage pulse fragmentation technique used to extract diamonds from rock while minimizing damage to the gems and improving recovery efficiency. Developed by Hamdi Ali, a Somali-Canadian scientist taking part in the University of Alberta's WISEST program, this method has been recognized for its potential to revolutionize the field of diamond recovery and geochemical analysis.

## Development and process

The Selfrag method utilizes high-voltage electrical discharges to break apart kimberlite and other diamond-bearing rocks. This technique significantly reduces mechanical stress on the diamonds compared to traditional crushing and milling techniques, which often lead to gemstone fragmentation.
The key advantages of the method include:
* Minimal damage to recovered diamonds
* Improved efficiency in isolating microscopic diamonds used in geological research
* Environmentally friendly process with reduced need for harsh chemicals and energy-intensive mechanical processes
The technology has been incorporated into diamond exploration and geochemical studies, aiding scientists in better understanding Earth's mantle composition and the formation of diamond deposits.

## Recognition

Hamdi Ali's discovery has been widely recognized in the geoscience and mining industries, and she was awarded for her research contributions at the University of Alberta.
# List of Comac C909 operators

The following is a list of operators of the Comac C909.
There are 146 Comac C909 aircraft in active service as of December 2024. Currently, the largest operator is Air China with 37 aircraft.
| Legend | Notes |
| * | Current |
| * | Former |
| * | Orders |
| Airline | -700 | -700F | Notes |
| Air Central | | 1 | Executing order for 50 aircraft |
| Air China | 34 | | Executing order for 35 aircraft |
| Chengdu Airlines | 30 | | Passenger launch customer Executing order for 30 aircraft |
| China Eastern Airlines | 26 | | Executing order for 35 aircraft Transferred from OTT Airlines |
| China Express Airlines | 8 | | Executing order for 50 aircraft |
| China Flight General Aviation Company | 2 | | |
| China Southern Airlines | 33 | | Executing order for 35 aircraft |
| Colorful Guizhou Airlines | 20 | | |
| Equatorial Congo Airlines | 3 | | |
| GallopAir | 12 | 3 | |
| Genghis Khan Airlines | 7 | | |
| Hainan Airlines | 40 | | |
| Jiangxi Air | 5 | | Executing order for 35 aircraft |
| Joy Air | 50 | | |
| OTT Airlines | 24 | | Integrated into China Eastern Airlines in 2024 |
| Republic of Congo | 4 | | |
| Shandong Airlines | 10 | | |
| Shanghai Airlines | 5 | | |
| Tibet Airlines | 10 | | |
| TransNusa | 3 | | Executing order for 30 aircraft First international operator |
| VietJet Air | 2 | | Leased from Chengdu Airlines |
| YTO Cargo Airlines | | 1 | Freighter launch customer |
# Danboro, Pennsylvania

Danboro is an unincorporated community in Plumstead Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Danboro is located at the intersection of Ferry Road/Danboro Point Pleasant Pike and Old Easton Road, north of Doylestown.
# Andrew Johnston (poet)

Andrew Johnston (born 1963) is a New Zealand poet and journalist who lives in Paris.
He is associated with the "Wellington school" of poets, which prominently includes Bill Manhire and Jenny Bornholdt, and his verse has been published in "London Review of Books" and "The Times Literary Supplement" in the United Kingdom; and in "Sport" as well as other publications in New Zealand.

## Life and career

Born in Upper Hutt, he received a bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Otago and a master's degree in English literature from the University of Auckland. In 1995 he represented New Zealand at the University of Iowa's International Writing Program.
Johnston edited the books page of (the now-defunct) The Evening Post from 1991 to 1996. In 1997 he moved to London and started working as a "casual sub-editor on the broadsheets", but after eight months moved to Normandy to teach English. When the job fell through, he commuted once a week across the Channel to work part-time for The Observer newspaper.
His marriage in 1998 resulted in his getting the right to work in France, and he applied for and received a job as an editor at the International Herald Tribune in Paris. He moved there in 1999 with his wife, Christine. They have three children, Emile, Oscar and Louise.
In 2004 Johnston founded "The Page", a Web site that features poems and essays from elsewhere on the Internet. "I'd always wanted to find a web site that kept track of the best new writing about poetry, and couldn't find it, so I made it myself," Johnston said in a 2007 interview. He edited the site until 2009, when it was taken over by John McAuliffe.
In 2007 he was the J.D. Stout Fellow at Victoria University.
In 2010 he left the International Herald Tribune to edit the annual Education for All Global Monitoring Report, the United Nations' major global survey of education, published by UNESCO. He also edits the annual Africa Progress Report for the Africa Progress Panel, works as a freelance editor for other organizations, and leads workshops on writing and editing for international organizations.

## Awards and recognition

* Louis Johnson New Writers Bursary recipient, 1991
* How to Talk, 1993, won the 1994 New Zealand Book Award for Poetry and the 1994 Jessie Mackay Best First Book Award.
* "Great Aunt", a poem, selected for the online collection Best New Zealand Poems 2002
* "Les Baillessats", a poem, selected for Best New Zealand Poems 2004
* Fits and Starts, 2016, won the Poetry Award at the 2017 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards

## Works

Poetry:
* 2023: Selected Poems, Victoria University Press
* 2016: Fits and Starts, Victoria University Press, winner of the Poetry Award at the 2017 Ockham New Zealand Book Awards
* 2007: Sol, Victoria University Press
* 2000: Birds of Europe, Victoria University Press
* 1999: The Open Window, Arc Publications (United Kingdom)
* 1996: The Sounds, Victoria University Press
* 1993: How to Talk, winner of the 1994 New Zealand Book Award for Poetry and the 1994 Jessie Mackay Best First Book Award, Victoria University Press
# Gleichen

Gleichen (German pronunciation: ) is the name of two groups of castles in Germany, thus named from their resemblance to each other (German: gleich = like, or resembling).

## Castles in Thuringia between Gotha and Erfurt

The first is a group of three (hence called "die drei [three] Gleichen"), each situated on a hill in Thuringia between Gotha and Erfurt. One of these called Gleichen, the Wanderslebener Gleiche (1221 ft. above the sea), was besieged unsuccessfully by the emperor Henry IV in 1088. It was the seat of a line of counts, one of whom, Ernest III, a crusader, is the subject of a romantic legend. Having been captured, he was released from his imprisonment by a Turkish woman, who returned with him to Germany and became his wife, a papal dispensation allowing him to live with two wives at the same time (see Reineck, Die Sage von der Doppelehe eines Grafen von Gleichen, 1891). After belonging to the elector of Mainz the castle became the property of Prussia in 1803. The second castle is called Mühlburg (1309 ft. above the sea). This existed as early as 704 and was besieged by Henry IV in 1087. It came into the hands of Prussia in 1803. The third castle, Wachsenburg (1358 ft.), was still inhabited in 1911 and contained a collection of weapons and pictures belonging to its owner, the duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, whose family obtained possession of it in 1368. It was built about 935 (see Beyer, Die drei Gleichen, Erfurt, 1898).
* Gleichen
* Mühlburg
* Wachsenburg

## Castles near Göttingen

The other group consists of two castles, Neuen-Gleichen and Alten-Gleichen. The former is in ruins, while the latter is barely discernible under the forest cover. They crown two hills south-east of Göttingen, over Bremke.

## The family name of Gleichen

The name of Gleichen is taken by the family descended from Prince Victor of Hohenlohe-Langenburg through his marriage with Laura Wilhelmina Seymour, sister of the 5th Marquess of Hertford and daughter of Admiral Sir George Francis Seymour. A branch of the Hohenlohe family at one time owned part of the county of Gleichen.
# Jean Fréville

Jean Fréville (French:; born Eugène Schkaff; 25 May 1895 – 23 June 1971) was a French writer, journalist, literary and art critic, translator and historian.

## Biography

Eugène Schkaff was born in to an upper-class family in Kharkiv and moved with his parents to France in 1903. He studied at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly, then took courses in law and philosophy at the École libre des sciences politiques. Holder of two doctorates in law, he registered with the Paris bar in 1925, the year in which he obtained French naturalization.
In 1927, he went to Moscow for the celebrations of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution. There he met Maurice Thorez and on his return to Paris, he joined the Communist Party. In 1931, he became a literary columnist for l'Humanité under the pseudonym Jean Fréville and publicized the writings of Marx, Engels, Plekhanov, Lenin, and Stalin on art and literature.
A close collaborator of Thorez, he wrote his biography at his request in 1937 (Fils de Peuple), based on descriptions provided orally by Thorez himself. After the German invasion of France he was mobilized in March 1940 and, after his demobilization in July in Nice, he lent his support to the clandestine newspaper of resistance intellectuals, Pensée et action.
After the war, he was deputy head of Thorez's cabinet and became a minister. After the ouster of communist ministers in May 1947, he continued to be a close but discreet collaborator of Maurice Thorez. It was he who made numerous trips to the Soviet Union to meet the ill Thorez.
He was part of the editorial board of La Nouvelle Critique in 1948 and was one of the presidents of the Maurice Thorez Institute.
Despite becoming isolated politically after the death of Thorez in 1964, Jean Fréville remained a member of the PCF until the end of his life in June 1971.
# Victorine Nordenswan

Victorine Nordenswan (14 June 1838 - 25 August 1872) was a Finnish painter in the Düsseldorf tradition, specialising in religious themes, and notable as one of the first professional female artists of Finland.

## Early life and education

Hildur Antoinette Victorine Nordenswan was born on 1 June 1838 in Hämeenlinna, Grand Duchy of Finland, the third child and second daughter of Jacobina Fredrica von Numers (1808-1879) and embassy counsellor Johan Henrik Nordenswan (1801-1862).
Nordenswan received her initial education at a girls' school in Hämeenlinna, followed by attending an art school run by painters Berndt Godenhjelm (1799-1881) and Erik Johan Löfgren in the early 1860s. She trained at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm in 1860–1862. In 1864 she went to Düsseldorf, where she became a private pupil of Otto Mengelberg and Eduard Gebhardt. During the winters of 1867/1869 and 1869/1870 Nordenswan travelled back to Finland and returned once more during the Franco-Prussian War.

## Career

Visual art in the mid-19th century was male-dominated, but Nordenswan was considered to be exceptionally talented, and widely expected to make a significant career as an artist.
Nordenswan's public debut of her work was in 1861, and she won in the Finnish Art Society's Ducat Contest [fi] the second prize in 1865, followed by the first prize in 1867.
Among her best-known works are St. John the Evangelist (1866) and Women Mourning at Christ’s Grave (1868), both today housed at the Finnish National Gallery.
Nordenswan's promising career was cut short by her death from tuberculosis at the early age of 34.

## Gallery

* St. John the Evangelist (1866)
* Women Mourning at Christ’s Grave (1868)
* St. Agnes of Rome, copy after Jusepe de Ribera, detail, 1868
# 2013 Telemark World Championships

The 2013 FIS Telemark World Championships were held from 12 to 17 March 2013 in Espot, Spain.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

* Host nation (Spain)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Germany (GER) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | Switzerland (SUI) | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 3 | Norway (NOR) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 4 | Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 5 | France (FRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | Totals (5 entries) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 |

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Sprint | Tobias Müller Germany | 2:05.08 | Mattias Wagenius Sweden | 2:05.89 | Bastien Dayer Switzerland | 2:07.27 |
| Classic | Tobias Müller Germany | 1:42.80 | Bastien Dayer Switzerland | 1:43.61 | Mattias Wagenius Sweden | 1:45.04 |
| Parallel sprint | Tobias Müller Germany | Tobias Müller Germany | Chris Lau France | Chris Lau France | Mattias Wagenius Sweden | Mattias Wagenius Sweden |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Sprint | Sigrid Rykhus Norway | 2:14.89 | Amélie Reymond Switzerland | 2:15.23 | Lisa Englund Sweden | 2:28.64 |
| Classic | Amélie Reymond Switzerland | 1:49.88 | Sigrid Rykhus Norway | 1:53.62 | Lisa Englund Sweden | 1:58.93 |
| Parallel sprint | Sigrid Rykhus Norway | Sigrid Rykhus Norway | Amélie Reymond Switzerland | Amélie Reymond Switzerland | Lisa Englund Sweden | Lisa Englund Sweden |

### Mixed events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Team parallel sprint | Switzerland | Switzerland | Norway | Norway | Sweden | Sweden |
# Forgotten baby syndrome

Forgotten baby syndrome refers to a phenomenon in which young children are mistakenly left in vehicles.

## Analysis

Over 25% of parents with children under 3 have lost awareness of the child being present in the car at any point during the drive.$^{:77}$ Each year, around the world, dozens of children die of vehicle-related hyperthermia. Because these numbers began to rise after the popularization of air bags$^{:7}$ and rear-facing child safety seats,$^{:76}$ researchers began to suspect that memory may be the culprit.
According to David M. Diamond, a psychology professor at the University of South Florida who has been studying the phenomenon since 2004, the phenomenon is a consequence of tension between the brain's habit-memory and prospective-memory systems, which is resolved when basal ganglia "habit memory" suppresses the "prospective memory" system of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex,$^{:78,83}$ resulting in a false memory and what he calls "autopilot". Other psychologists have suggested the phenomenon is functionally similar to forgetting keys in a car or forgetting to post a letter.
Diamond has identified common factors of the phenomenon as "stress, sleep deprivation, and change in routine". Stephen Cowen, a psychology professor at the University of Arizona, has said that stress can render a person "more attentive to the immediate sensory stimuli or threats in your environment but not as attentive to your more distant memory of leaving your children in the car".

## Prevention efforts

There have been several efforts to address the phenomenon through technology, including back-seat alert systems (which note when a backseat is opened prior to driving), car-seat alarms (which detect whether a child is buckled in), and end-of-trip reminders. The Association of Global Automakers and the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers have committed to the standardization of rear-seat-occupant alert systems by 2025. Italy and Israel have enacted laws requiring such safety systems.

## Incidence

In 2018, 52 children died in the United States when a parent or caregiver forgot them in a car seat. In 2024, 40 children died in the US.
# Sylvia Schmelkes

Sylvia Schmelkes (born 28 July 1948) is a Mexican sociologist and education researcher, and current director of the Mexican National Institute of Educational Evaluation. She is best known for her work in intercultural education, and her book 'Toward better quality of our schools'. Schmelkes has also written over 100 academic texts and essays. She is a former General Coordinator of Intercultural and Bilingual Education at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico, and is currently heading the Research Institute for the Development of Education at the Iberoamerican University.
In 2008 she received the Comenius Medal from UNESCO for her career as a researcher. Other awards include the Universidad Iberoamericana's Tlamatini award in 2003, and the Maria Lavalle Urbina award in 1998. She has an honorary PhD from the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California in Mexico and an honorary Doctor of Law degree from the University of Concordia in Montreal, Canada. She is an Honorary Fellow of the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.

## Biography

Schmelkes was born in Mexico City to a Czech father and an Argentinian mother. Educated in bilingual schools, she studied sociology at the Iberoamerican University in Mexico City and obtained a master's degree in Education Research by the same institution. After this, Schmelkes worked in the Center for Educational Studies (CEE) in Mexico for almost 25 years, where she dedicated herself to research in the fields of rural and adult education. In 1994 she left the CEE to work as a consultant in the Educational Research Department at the National Polytechnic Institute, as well as for the UNESCO, UNICEF and OECD.
After this, Schmelkes started working on values education and Intercultural Education, becoming General Coordinator of Intercultural and Bilingual Education at the Secretariat of Public Education under Mexican President Vicente Fox. She currently works as Director of the Institute for the Development of Education at the Iberoamerican University in Mexico City. Schmelkes's work has been published in five languages by institutions such as the Mexican Secretariat of Public Education, UNESCO and the Organization of American States.
# Blue Lights (song)

"Blue Lights" is a single by English singer and songwriter Jorja Smith. It was released as her debut single on 26 February 2016. The song was written by Smith, Ben Joyce, Guy Bonnet, Roland Romanelli, Dizzee Rascal and Nicholas Detnon and produced by Joyce and Engine Earz. Two years later, it was included on the singer's debut studio album Lost & Found.
The song is built around a sample of "Amour, émoi... et vous" by Guy Bonnet and Roland Romanelli; the lyrics contain interpolations of Dizzee Rascal's "Sirens".
One month after Smith posted "Blue Lights" on her SoundCloud account, the song had more than 400 000 listens. That same week, it was added to the playlists of national British radios. In April 2018, Smith sang "Blue Lights" during her American late-night television debut on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.
A remixed version featuring French rapper Dosseh was released in March 2019.

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak position |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 31 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 6 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under) | 31 |
| Belgium (Urban) | 23 |
| France (SNEP) | 128 |
| Scotland (OCC) | 50 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 38 |
| UK Indie (OCC) | 4 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 20 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000$^‡$ |
| France (SNEP) | Platinum | 200,000$^‡$ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ) | Gold | 15,000$^‡$ |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Platinum | 600,000$^‡$ |
| $^‡$ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |||

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Awards | Category | Result |
| 2016 | MOBO Awards | Best Song | Nominated |
| 2018 | UK Music Video Awards | Best Urban Video – UK | Won |
| 2019 | Ivor Novello Awards | Best Contemporary Song | Nominated |
# Pajottegem

Pajottegem is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.
Pajottegem is the result of the merger of Galmaarden, Gooik, and Herne on January 1, 2025.
# Pacific Capital Bancorp

Pacific Capital Bancorp was a bank headquartered in Santa Barbara, California. It had 47 branches, all of which were in Southern California. It operated under the name Santa Barbara Bank & Trust. The company also operated Morton Capital Management and R.E. Wacker Associates, investment advisory firms. In 2012, the company was acquired by MUFG Union Bank.

## History

The bank was founded as Santa Barbara National Bank on March 17, 1960.
In 1998, Santa Barbara Bancorp acquired Pacific Capital Bancorp for $287.6 million in stock and changed its name to Pacific Capital Bancorp.
In November 2008, the company received an investment of $180,634,000 from the United States Department of the Treasury as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).
In January 2010, the company sold its Refund Anticipation Loan and Refund Transfer business to Santa Barbara Tax Products Group for $10 million.
In April 2010, Gerald J. Ford bought a 91% stake in the company for $500 million.
On December 1, 2012, the bank was acquired by MUFG Union Bank for $1.5 billion.
As of June 2019 the bank still owes taxpayers and the US Government $26,561,211 from the TARP bailout.
# Violet (L.S. Dunes album)

Violet is the second studio album by American rock supergroup L.S. Dunes. It was released on January 31, 2025, by Fantasy Records and distributed through Concord. The album was supported by four singles: "Fatal Deluxe", "Machines", "Paper Tigers", and "Violet".

## Background and production

L.S. Dunes released their debut studio album, Past Lives, on November 11, 2022. After completing that album's supporting tour, the band began working on their second studio album. On September 20, 2024, the band released "Fatal Deluxe", which Frank Iero described as "[marking] the official opening of chapter two for L.S. Dunes". The band formally announced their second album, Violet, on October 17. In an interview with Billboard, Tim Payne stated that the album "encapsulates everything we’ve been trying to accomplish since we formed as a band, which is to give us each, as individual musicians, a safe space to explore music in ways that we have not yet had the chance to". Violet was produced by Will Yip, the same producer behind Past Lives.

## Composition

Violet is predominantly a post-hardcore album, with certain songs being inspired by other genres like grunge rock and indie rock.

## Release

The album was released on January 31, 2025, through Fantasy Records and distributed through Concord. Four singles preceded the album's release. The album's lead single was the aforementioned "Fatal Deluxe". It was then followed by "Machines" on October 18, preceding the band's performance at When We Were Young 2024. A music video for "Machines" was also released, co-directed by Iero and David Brodsky. The third and fourth singles, "Paper Tigers" and "Violet", were released on November 22, 2024, and January 8, 2025, respectively. Like "Machines", "Violet" was released alongside a music video, directed by Ian Shelton.
To support the release of Violet, L.S. Dunes embarked on a North American tour throughout early 2025.

## Critical reception

Violet received generally positive reviews from critics. On review aggregator Metacritic, it holds an average score 82 out of 100 based on 5 critic reviews.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by L.S. Dunes.

## Personnel
### L.S. Dunes

* Anthony Green – vocals, production
* Frank Iero – guitar, production
* Tim Payne – bass guitar, production
* Tucker Rule – drums, production
* Travis Stever –guitar, production

### Technical

* Will Yip – production, mixing, engineering
* Ryan Smith – mastering