OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1999 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's heptathlon

The women's heptathlon event at the 1999 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, at Ullevi on 31 July and 1 August 1999.

## Medalists

| Gold | Natalya Roshchupkina Russia |
| Silver | Yelena Prokhorova Russia |
| Bronze | Sonja Kesselschläger Germany |

## Results
### Final

31 July-1 August
| Rank | Name | Nationality | 100m H | HJ | SP | 200m | LJ | JT | 800m | Points |
| | Natalya Roshchupkina | Russia | 14.06 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.81 | 13.99 | 23.78 | 5.95 | 41.56 | 2:18.95 | 6125 |
| | Yelena Prokhorova | Russia | 14.12 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.81 | 12.96 | 24.58 | 6.13 | 37.54 | 2:14.66 | 6011 |
| | Sonja Kesselschläger | Germany | 13.99 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.84 | 12.89 | 25.77 | 5.99 | 40.93 | 2:25.17 | 5832 |
| 4 | Susanna Rajamäki | Finland | 14.17 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.66 | 13.47 | 24.43 (w: 0.6 m/s) | 6.03 | 40.92 | 2:26.13 | 5745 |
| 5 | Nicola Gautier | United Kingdom | 14.10 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.57 | 15.01 | 24.93 | 5.65 | 42.96 | 2:21.96 | 5685 |
| 6 | Austra Skujytė | Lithuania | 15.03 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.81 | 13.15 | 26.14 (w: -0.6 m/s) | 5.79 | 42.27 | 2:24.40 | 5613 |
| 7 | Tia Hellebaut | Belgium | 14.52 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.81 | 12.22 | 26.00 (w: -0.6 m/s) | 5.63 | 39.37 | 2:22.88 | 5548 |
| 8 | Šárka Beránková | Czech Republic | 14.73 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.66 | 12.07 | 24.33 (w: -0.8 m/s) | 5.87 (w: 0.7 m/s) | 38.26 | 2:21.95 | 5540 |
| 9 | Yuliya Akulenko | Ukraine | 14.78 (w: -0.7 m/s) | 1.69 | 11.98 | 25.43 | 5.96 | 43.61 | 2:29.92 | 5489 |
| 10 | Julie Mezerette | France | 14.78 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.78 | 8.93 | 25.62 (w: -0.6 m/s) | 5.79 | 38.96 | 2:19.44 | 5379 |
| 11 | Laureta Derhemi | Albania | 15.49 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.72 | 9.43 | 26.32 (w: -0.6 m/s) | 5.44 | 36.51 | 2:23.80 | 4974 |
| | Julie Hollman | United Kingdom | 14.45 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.69 | 11.50 | 24.67 | 6.23 | 32.67 | | DNF |
| | Marina Lippid-Servitz | Israel | 15.36 (w: -1.4 m/s) | 1.69 | 10.97 | 26.75 (w: -0.6 m/s) | 5.16 | | | DNF |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 13 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
* Albania (1)
* Belgium (1)
* Czech Republic (1)
* Finland (1)
* France (1)
* Germany (1)
* Israel (1)
* Lithuania (1)
* Russia (2)
* Ukraine (1)
* United Kingdom (2)
# Henry Wassén

Henry Wassén, (24 August 1908 – 1996) was a Swedish social anthropologist and museum head.

## Life

Wassén was born in Gothenburg, the son of a merchant. He graduated with a Studentexamen 1928 and a licentiate degree in Göteborg 1936. He started his career as a teaching assistant at Gothenburg ethnografic museum 1930 and became a curator at the museum in 1954. He was head of the museum between 1968–73 and was awarded the honorary title of Professor in 1972.
Wassén made several scientific expeditions to among others Colombia, Panama and Central America.
Alongside his work at the museum he had a number of voluntary obligations such as board member at Sveriges museimannaförening, chairman of their Gothenburg faction and board member at The Maritime Museum, Gothenburg. He was a corresponding member of the Colombian Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences and a member of various scientific societies in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Peru and Mexico.
From his scientific work he published many books, some in a popular science style. Wassén died in his hometown of Göteborg in 1996.

## Selected publications

* Odhners historia : illustrerad krönika över en maskin att räkna med : ett apropå till 100-årsminnet av W.T Odhners födelse 1845, 1945
* Mexikos, Central- och Sydamerikas arkeologi, published by Gothenburg ethnographic museum, 1963
* Some words on the Cuna Indians and especially their "mola"-garments, 1964
* The use of some specific kinds of South American Indian snuff and related paraphernalia, with appendix: Einige Bemerkungen zur Anwendung und Wirkungsweise des Epena-Schnupfpulvers der Waika-Indianer av Georg J. Seitz, 1965
* Four Swedish anthropologists in Argentina in the first decades of the 20th century: biobibliographical notes, 1967
* Mola: Cuna-indiansk textilkonst : Göteborgs etnografiska museum utställer i Röhsska konstslöjdsmuseet: 6 september-oktober 1968, 1968
* A medicine-man's implements and plants in a Tiahuanacoid tomb in Highland Bolivia, co-author Wolmar E. Bondeson ..., 1972
# Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award

Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award (Devnagari: महापंडित राहुल सांकृत्यायन पुरस्कार) is a literary honor in India which Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, (Central Hindi Organization), Ministry of Human Resource Development, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in Hindi travel literature (यात्रा वृतांत). It is also called Hindi Sevi Samman or Rahul Sankrityayan National Award and is given to number of Hindi experts for playing their important role in promoting the Hindi language..

## History

The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the Rahul Sankrityayan, considered to be father of Hindi travel literature. It was first awarded in 1993 to Dr. Kamala Sankrityayan & Dr. Shyam Singh Rashi.
Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award is awarded for the development travelogue & research and analytical works in Hindi every year by the President of India.

## Recipients

| Year | Name | Presenter |
| 1993 | (Late) Dr. Kamala Sankrityayan | |
| 1993 | Dr. Shyam Singh Rashi | |
| 1994 | Shankar Dalal Singh | |
| 1994 | Vishwanath Iyer | |
| 1995 | Vishnu Prabhakar | |
| 1995 | Dr. Rajendra Awasthi | |
| 1996 | Dr. Prabha Khaitan | |
| 1996 | Dr. Chandrakant Mahadev Bandiwadekar | |
| 1997 | Dr. Rameshwar Dayal Dubey | |
| 1997 | Katil Ganapati Sharma | |
| 1998 | Dr. Rajmal Bora | |
| 1998 | (Late) Dr. Nagendranath Upadhyay | |
| 1999 | (Late) Dr. Shashiprabha Shastri | |
| 1999 | Dr. Seetesh Alok | |
| 2000 | (Late) Shailesh Matiyani | |
| 2000 | Dr. V. Govind Shenay | |
| 2001 | Dr. Kamal Kishore Goenka | |
| 2001 | Dr. Viveki Rai | |
| 2002 | Dr. Ramdaras Mishra | |
| 2002 | Dr. S Takanmadi Amma | |
| 2003 | Krishnanath Mishra | |
| 2003 | Dinneshwar Prasad | |
| 2004 | Amritlal Veghad | |
| 2004 | Virendra Kumar Baranwal | |
| 2005 | Bhagwan Singh | |
| 2005 | Dr. Ramesh Chandrashah | |
| 2006 | Dr. Sadhana Saxena | |
| 2006 | Dr. Shekhar Pathak | |
| 2007 | Dr. Puran Chandra Joshi | Pratibha Patil |
| 2007 | Hariram Meena | Pratibha Patil |
| 2010 | Dr. Parmanand Panchaal | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 2010 | Raghuveer Chaudhari | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 2011 | Asghar Wajahat | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 2011 | Ved Rahi | Pranab Mukherjee |
| 2014 | Dr. Parmanand Panchal | Pranab Mukherjee |
# 103rd Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukraine)

The 103rd Territorial Defense Brigade (Ukrainian: 103-тя окрема бригада територіальної оборони) is a military formation of the Territorial Defense Forces of Ukraine. It is part of Operational Command West. The brigade is participating in the defense against the Russian invasion of Ukraine in the country's east.

## History

On 27 June 2018 the brigade was formed in Lviv Oblast.
On 16 October 2018, as part of a working trip to Lviv Oblast, the then President, Petro Poroshenko took part in several events dedicated to the Day of Territorial Defense Soldiers, which took place at the International Center for Peacekeeping and Security. Poroshenko inspected the bases used for training territorial defence battalions, in particular the personnel of the 64th Territorial Defense Battalion of the 103rd Independent Territorial Defense Brigade of the Lviv Oblast.
From 17 to 20 July 2019, about two hundred reserve officers of the brigade underwent combat training at the International Center for Peacekeeping and Security.
During the Kharkiv counteroffensive, both the 103rd and 113th Territorial Defense Brigades conducted attacks along the P07 road into Chkalovske and Shevchenkove, supporting the Balakliia axis of advance as well as enabling elements of the 25th Airborne Brigade and 80th Air Assault Brigade to recapture Kupiansk.
On 30 September, Ukrainian president Zelensky commended the 103rd Brigade, announcing that it was responsible for the liberation of Yampil in the Donetsk Oblast, along with the 214th Battalion of the Special Operations Forces.
On 2 October, the brigade received its battle flag.
In September and October 2024, it was reported that the 103rd Brigade was participating in Ukrainian operations in Russia's Kursk Oblast. Units of the brigade took part in a mid-September battle in the village of Obukhovka [ru].

## Structure
### Companies

* Attack Drone Company "Common Swift"
* Counter-Sabotage Company
* Engineering Company
* Communication Company
* Logistics Company
* Mortar Battery

## Commanders

* Lieutenant Colonel Mykola Andrushchak (2018)
* Colonel Valerii Kurko (2022)
# White Noise (Gary Numan album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
White Noise is a double live album by British musician Gary Numan and originally released in 1985. The album was reissued as a double CD in 1998 before a remastered version was released in 2003.
The White Noise album was recorded on 11 December 1984 – the second-last show of Numan's Berserker Tour. It was released in March 1985 and reached number 29 in the UK album chart, outperforming the Berserker (1984) album. White Noise also enjoyed great success in Belgium where it went to number 2. An edited version of the show was released on video as The Berserker Tour in 1985 (subsequent DVD releases featured this shortened version of the show, until the entire concert was released on DVD in early 2008 under the title Cold Warning).
A month after the release of White Noise, four tracks from the album ("Are 'Friends' Electric?", "Berserker", "Cars" and "We Are Glass") were released as The Live EP. It reached #27 on the UK Singles Chart, outperforming the two singles released in 1984 from Numan's Berserker album (the title track, which reached #32, and "My Dying Machine", which reached #66).

## Track listing

All tracks written by Gary Numan.
All timings are approximate and will vary slightly with different equipment.

### 1985 Numa vinyl and MC release (NUMAD/C 1002)

Side One
* "Intro" – 1:58
* "Berserker" – 5:42
* "Metal" – 3:32
* "Me! I Disconnect From You" – 3:21
* "Remind Me to Smile" – 3:21
* "Sister Surprise" – 6:11
Side Two
* "Music for Chameleons" – 6:10
* "The Iceman Comes" – 4:37
* "Cold Warning" – 6:09
* "Down in the Park" – 5:28
Side Three
* "This Prison Moon" – 3:28
* "I Die: You Die" – 3:55
* "My Dying Machine" – 5:42
* "Cars" – 3:38
* "We Take Mystery (to Bed)" – 6:31
Side Four
* "We Are Glass" – 4:57
* "This is New Love" – 6:21
* "My Shadow in Vain" – 5:45
* "Are 'Friends' Electric?" – 6:09
* Side One and Two, Three and Four were combined for the MC release.

### 1993 Numa CD reissue (NUMACD 1002)

Side One and Two, Three and Four were combined for the CD release.

### 1998 Cleopatra U.S. CD reissue (CLP 0303-2)

Same CD track listing as Numa release. Different rear and inner tray artwork and an essay by Dave Thompson.

### 2003 Eagle Records CD reissue (EDMCD 158)

Same CD track listing as Numa release. Different front, rear and inner tray artwork and an essay by Dominic Jones.

### 2024 Numa Digital Media reissue

Part of "The Numa Years" album reissues.
* Numan can be heard breaking into laughter during the show's closing number, "Are 'Friends' Electric?" This was because members of the support act, the music group Hohokam, put on women's clothing and broke onto the stage during the song's performance. One of the pranksters lifted his bra cup and "flashed" Numan, causing Numan to laugh.
# Herpothallon saxorum

Herpothallon saxorum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Described as a new species in 2013, it is known to occur only on the Galápagos Islands.

## Taxonomy

Herpothallon saxorum was formally described as a new species in 2013 by the lichenologists Frank Bungartz and John Elix. It belongs to the genus Herpothallon, which was segregated from the closely related genus Cryptothecia in 2009. The specific epithet saxorum refers to its saxicolous (rock-dwelling) nature, which distinguishes it from most other members of the genus that typically grow on bark.
The species was initially confused with a chemotype of Herpothallon granulare, a morphologically similar species, but was determined to be chemically distinct through thin-layer chromatography analysis. While appearing superficially similar to H. granulare, H. saxorum differs in its substrate preference, chemical composition, and certain morphological details.

## Description

Herpothallon saxorum forms a crust-like growth on rock surfaces. The thallus (lichen body) is bordered by a broad margin of white, cobweb-like (arachnoid) fungal filaments that quickly form into loosely radiating fibrous strands. The main thallus surface appears dull greenish to beige, becoming whiter with age.
The lichen lacks a cortex (protective outer layer), giving it an ecorticate appearance. The entire thallus initially consists of loosely interwoven hyphae (fungal filaments) that form distinct fibrous strands. As it ages, these strands rarely become more densely interwoven and cottony. Rather than developing into a clearly differentiated thallus, the surface is typically covered with abundant, coarsely granular pseudisidia (vegetative reproductive structures that resemble isidia but lack internal differentiation).
The medulla (inner tissue) is poorly differentiated and indistinct, with hyphae covered by colorless to pale brownish granules. Unlike some related species, it lacks calcium oxalate crystals.
In chemical tests, the thallus is P+ (yellow) and K+ (yellow), but also C– and KC–. Under ultraviolet light, it shows a dull fluorescence (UV+ dull). When tested with Lugol's iodine solution, the medulla shows no reaction (I-). Chemical analysis reveals the presence of brialmontin 1, brialmontin 2, and confluentic acid, a combination that distinguishes it from the morphologically similar H. granulare, which contains perlatolic acid.
No reproductive structures producing spores (asci) or conidia (pycnidia) have been observed in this species.

## Habitat and distribution

Herpothallon saxorum is known only from the Galápagos Islands and is likely endemic to the archipelago. It is moderately common throughout the dry and lower transition zones, occasionally extending into the humid zone.
Unlike most other species in the genus Herpothallon, which typically grow on tree bark, H. saxorum is exclusively found on sheltered, shaded rock faces and overhangs. It has been collected from various locations in the islands, including Santa Cruz, Isabela, and Santiago, often growing on basalt boulders and rock outcrops in sheltered positions.
# Code 16K

Code 16K is a multi-row barcode developed by Ted Williams in 1989. In the USA and France, the code is used in the electronics industry for marking chips and printed circuit boards. Applications in the medical sector in the USA are also known.

## Structure

The code is based on the structure of the Universal Product Code and Code 128. 77 ASCII characters or 154 digits can be encoded on an area of 2.4 cm$^2$. A single barcode is composed of two to sixteen rows separated by a horizontal bar. Each row contains exactly five ASCII characters padded with placeholder characters, containing the following:
* leading quiet zone
* start character
* guard bar
* five symbol characters
* stop character
* trailing quiet zone
The first and final horizontal row separators are longer than others, as they extend to the end of the leading and trailing quiet zones. The range of legal characters in each row is determined by one of three character sets:
* A: uppercase alphanumeric, punctuation marks, eleven special characters, and control characters (00–95)
* B: mixed case alphanumeric, punctuation marks, and eleven special characters (32–127)
* C: numeric digit pairs (00–99)
A code can switch between these as needed. To ensure a high level of error security, Code 16K offers three forms of error detection:
* The parity is checked for each character.
* Each line is recognized indirectly via the display of a start/stop character
* Two checksum characters are appended at the end of the code. With an extended decoder, the code can be identified by all conventional readers. Before decoding, the entire block of the code must have been captured.
An exact code specification is available at AIM-BC7-2000 Uniform Symbology Specification - Code 16K.
# FERMIAC

The Monte Carlo trolley, or FERMIAC, was an analog computer invented by physicist Enrico Fermi to aid in his studies of neutron transport.

## Operation

The FERMIAC employed the Monte Carlo method to model neutron transport in various types of nuclear systems. Given an initial distribution of neutrons, the goal of the process is to develop numerous "neutron genealogies", or models of the behavior of individual neutrons, including each collision, scattering, and fission. When a fission occurs, the number of emerging neutrons is predicted, and the behavior of each of these neutrons is eventually modeled in the same manner as the first. At each stage, pseudo-random numbers are used to make decisions that affect the behavior of each neutron.
The FERMIAC used this method to create two-dimensional neutron genealogies on a scale diagram of a nuclear device. A series of drums on the device were set according to the material being crossed and a random choice between fast and slow neutrons. Random numbers also determined the direction of travel and the distance until the next collision. Once the drums were set, the trolley was rolled across the diagram, drawing a path as it went. Any time a change in material was indicated on the diagram, the drum settings were adjusted accordingly before continuing.

## History

In the early 1930s, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi led a team of young scientists, dubbed the "Via Panisperna boys", in their now-famous experiments in nuclear physics. During this time, Fermi developed "statistical sampling" techniques that he effectively employed to predict the results of experiments.
Years later, in 1946, Fermi participated in the initial review of results from the ENIAC. Among the others present was Los Alamos mathematician Stanislaw Ulam, who was familiar with the use of statistical sampling techniques similar to those previously developed by Fermi. Such techniques had mainly fallen out of use, due to the long, repetitious calculations required. However, given ENIAC's powers of calculation, Ulam saw an opportunity to resurrect these techniques. He discussed his ideas with John von Neumann, who eventually used the ENIAC to implement the Monte Carlo method (as the statistical sampling techniques came to be called) to solve a variety of neutron transport problems.
However, before the ENIAC could be employed for this purpose, it first had to be moved to its permanent home at the Ballistics Research Laboratory. It was during this interruption in ENIAC operation that Fermi came up with the idea for his analog device. He enlisted his colleague L.D.P. King to build the instrument, which was later given the fitting name FERMIAC. The device was used for approximately two years.
In 2015, the Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi" created a replica of the device.
# Ibani tribe

The Ibani people are a mixture of Igbo and Ijaw people who live in Bonny and Opobo areas of Rivers State, Nigeria.
Bonny town is the tribal seat of the Ibani, and is located on the bight of Bonny River. Bonny's development was significantly shaped by the tribe's close interaction with European traders from the 15th century to the 18th century.

## History

The Kingdom of Bonny was a major trading center from the 16th century onwards; initially trading in slaves, its people were later known for the exportation of palm oil and palm kernel. The indigenes of the Bonny and Opobo kingdoms are collectively known as the Ibani people.

## Language

The Ibani language is widely spoken, although its pervasiveness has been declining in more recent years due to Westernization.

## Wars

Historically, Bonny engaged in several wars against its nearby rivals, such as Elem Kalabari, Obolo people and Andoni.

## Settlements

Some Ibani settlements include: Finima, Abalama, Oloma, and Kuruama.
# Sinking Creek (Turnback Creek tributary)

Sinking Creek is a stream in Lawrence and Dade counties of southwest Missouri. It is a tributary of Turnback Creek.
The stream source is in the northeast corner of Lawrence County at 37°16′55″N 93°40′54″W﻿ / ﻿37.28194°N 93.68167°W﻿ / 37.28194; -93.68167. The confluence with TurnBack Creek in south east Dade County is at 37°22′19″N 93°47′38″W﻿ / ﻿37.37194°N 93.79389°W﻿ / 37.37194; -93.79389.
The stream flows past the southwest edge of Everton and the village of Pilgrim. The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway follows the stream valley.
Sinking Creek was named for its status as a losing stream.
# Doha Mekki

Doha Mekki is an American attorney and civil servant. On December 21, 2024, Mekki became Acting Assistant Attorney General for the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Antitrust Division following Jonathan Kanter's resignation as Assistant Attorney General.
Prior to this, Mekki served as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General under Kanter, the division's second most senior position. Described as one of the Biden administration's "key antitrust enforcers" by The New York Times, Mekki had previously served in other roles in the DOJ Antitrust Division in both the first Trump and Obama administrations.

## Early life and education

Mekki was born in Sudan. Her mother moved to the United States in order to pursue doctorate degree. At age four, Mekki and her family moved to Charlotte, North Carolina. Mekki received a B.A. from Duke University. She received her legal education from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, graduating in 2011. She additionally holds a M.B.E. in Bioethics from the University of Pennsylvania.

## Career

After working in a New York City-based law firm after graduating law school, he joined the Department of Justice Antitrust Division in 2015. During the Trump administration, Mekki worked under Assistant Attorney General Makan Delrahim, where she focused on labor market issues.

### Biden Administration

Mekki was selected to serve as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division in 2022. At the time of her appointment, she had served a total of seven years at the DOJ, where she worked on issues including no-hire pacts and illegal wage-fixing. Politico reported in 2022 that she was "often described by people within the agency as "brilliant" and a "rising star".
In this role, Mekki worked alongside Kanter to prepare the department's antitrust lawsuit against Live Nation Entertainment and Ticketmaster. She additionally worked on cases including the DOJ's antitrust suit against the JetBlue - Spirit Airlines merger. The New York Times reported in 2023 that Mekki helped "quarterback" the United States v. Google antitrust lawsuit and was expected to be in the courtroom daily during the trial.
In her position, she argued that antitrust enforcers should have a "bias towards action" approach towards reining in anti-competitive behavior, arguing that past enforcers had been too lenient when scrutinizing antitrust violations. Mekki has argued that antitrust enforcers should make promoting competition in labor markets a priority.
Following Kanter's resignation, she became acting Assistant Attorney General, with the expectation that she would serve in the position for the remainder of the Biden administration. In this position, she launched an antitrust lawsuit against landlords over unlawful rent price collusion.