OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Léon Deffontaines

Léon Deffontaines (born March 15, 1996, in Amiens) is a French politician from the French Communist Party.
In 2013, he joined the Young Communist Movement of France and was its general secretary from 2019 to 2023.
Deffontaines was spokesperson for Fabien Roussel during the 2022 French presidential election, he is designated lead candidate for the communists for the 2024 European Parliament elections in France.

## Biography

Léon Deffontaines was born on 15 March 1996. He is the son of a florist and a psychologist and comes from a family of farmers. In 2013, he joined the Young Communist Movement of France. In 2014, when he was 18 years old and a high school student in his economic and social final year, he was a candidate for the 2014 municipal elections in Amiens.
Deffontaines began studying law and political science, as well as education, and took on multiple odd jobs. He was then a member of a homework help association for young people in difficulty in sensitive areas of the city of Amiens and intended to become a teacher.
His first years of communist activism were marked by the struggle of employees at the Goodyear site in Amiens, whose closure in 2014 led to the dismissal of more than 1,100 people, and the mobilizations against the reforms of François Hollande. He was elected federal secretary of the Young Communist Movement in the Somme in 2016, and was then elected general secretary in 2019 and stayed at this position until June 2023.
Deffontaines was spokesperson for Fabien Roussel during the 2022 French presidential election.
In June 2023, while he is spokesperson for the French Communist Party, he is expected to head the communist list during the 2024 European Parliament elections in France. It is also envisaged that it will be in first position for the communists in the case of a common list with other parties. On 1 July 2023, he was designated, by the national council of the PCF, the lead candidate for the communists for the 2024 European Parliament election. In the 2024 French legislative election, he was the candidate of the New Popular Front in Somme's 3rd constituency. He came in third place.

## Work

* Pour que jeunesse se fasse. Le Temps des cerises. 22 September 2022. p. 100. ISBN 978-2-37071-252-3.
# Ballistic galvanometer

A ballistic galvanometer is a type of sensitive galvanometer; commonly a mirror galvanometer. Unlike a current-measuring galvanometer, the moving part has a large moment of inertia, thus giving it a long oscillation period. It is really an integrator measuring the quantity of charge discharged through it. It can be either of the moving coil or moving magnet type.
Before first use the ballistic constant of the galvanometer must be determined. This is usually done by connecting to the galvanometer a known capacitor, charged to a known voltage, and recording the deflection. The constant K is calculated from the capacitance C, the voltage V and the deflection d: $K=CV/d$
where K is expressed in coulombs per centimeter.
In operation the unknown quantity of charge Q (in coulombs) is simply: $Q=kd$.

## Grassot Fluxmeter

The Grassot Fluxmeter solves a particular problem encountered with regular galvanometers. For a regular galvanometer, the discharge time must be shorter than the natural period of oscillation of the mechanism. In some applications, particularly those involving inductors, this condition cannot be met. The Grassot fluxmeter resolves this problem, by operating without any restoring force, making the oscillation period effectively infinite and thereby longer than any discharge time.
Its construction is similar to that of a ballistic galvanometer, but its coil is suspended without any restoring forces in the suspension thread or in the current leads. The core (bobbin) of the coil is of a non-conductive material. When an electric charge is connected to the instrument, the coil starts moving in the magnetic field of the galvanometer's magnet, generating an opposing electromotive force and coming to a stop regardless of the time of the current flow. The change in the coil position is proportional only to the quantity of charge. The coil is returned to the zero position manually or by reversing the direction of the current.
# Elżanowski ZE-1 Cytrynka

The Elżanowski ZE-1 Cytrynka (Lemon) was a basic training glider built in Poland in 1930 by an amateur group.

## Design and development

The Cytrynka was the last and most successful of three gliders designed and built by the youthful 'Start' Aviation Circle in Warsaw. Elżanowski developed its design between 1929 and 1930. Constructed in the Circle's workshop, it was funded by the Warsaw Aeroclub.
It was a high wing monoplane with a two part, rectangular plan wing, built around two spars and largely fabric covered apart from a plywood covered leading edge. Aft of the wing trailing edge the fuselage was an open Warren girder, stiffened by wire bracing from the wings, but the forward part was a rectangular-section plywood structure. This provided a conventional open cockpit for the pilot's seat and controls rather than the totally exposed position of many open-frame designs. The Cytrynka's tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage frame and braced to its lower chord with a strut on each side. It carried balanced elevators. There was no fin but its rectangular rudder reached upwards from the lower chord well above the elevators, operating in a cut-out.

## Operational history

There is uncertainty as to whether the Cytrynka flew late in 1930 or was delayed by winter to the following spring. Cynk dates the first flight to October 1930 at Bezmiechowa but Glass has May 1931. It was then used by its Warsaw Aeroclub sponsors at Bezmiechova to train pilots. In September 1931 they took it as a reserve aircraft on an expedition to Polichno which led to the formation of a gliding club there.

## Specifications

Data from samolotypolskie.pl/
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 9.2 m (30 ft 2 in)
* Height: 2.0 m (6 ft 7 in)
* Wing area: 12.6 m$^2$ (136 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 108 kg (238 lb)
* Gross weight: 175 kg (386 lb)
# Zire 72

The Zire 72 is Palm, Inc.'s second Personal Digital Assistant with an integrated digital camera. Introduced in 2004, it is the replacement for the Zire 71, having a 1.2 megapixel camera, 32 MB of memory, built-in Bluetooth wireless communication, video recording and playback capability, a built-in microphone, hi-res hi-color screen, SecureDigital smartcard slot, and a 312 MHz Intel PXA270 processor.
Users have complained about several problems, most notably
* Blue paint peels off (a "special edition" version has been released that has no blue paint, just silver.)
* Camera quality (broken pixels, uncovered lens etc.)
* Screen whining
* Battery life
Palm, Inc. released a second version of the Zire 72, the Zire 72s, which is silver. This change fixed the problem with the paint. They subsequently released a version of the blue Zire 72, which used a different paint, and does not peel.
As with other Bluetooth enabled devices, turning that connectivity off when not required, extends battery life.
This is the last model in PalmOne's line of multimedia Zire devices, and the last model made with a camera. The Zire 72 has been discontinued and is no longer supported by PalmOne/Palm's successor, Hewlett-Packard.
There have also been many complaints about discolored pixels, such as certain groups of pixels on the screen turning green, red, and blue.
Specifications :
| Built-In Wireless | Bluetooth 1.1 Compliance |
| Processor | Intel PXA270 at 312 MHz with Intel XScale Technology |
| Memory | 32MB RAM (24 MB actual storage capacity) |
| Battery | 950mAh rechargeable Lithium Ion |
| Operating System | Palm OS v5.2.8 |
| Size | 4.6h × 2.95w × 0.67t in. 117h × 75w x 17t mm. |
| Weight | 4.8 oz. / 136 grams |
| Display | 320×320 Transflective TFT color touchscreen with 16-Bit (65K) Color |
| Expansion | SD, SDIO and MultiMediaCard support via built-in expansion card slot. |
| Audio | Stereo audio headset compatible via 3.5mm stereo audio jack - headset sold separately |
| Camera | Photo: 1280×960 (maximum resolution), video: 320×240 (maximum resolution) |
# Auzata chinensis

Auzata chinensis is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by John Henry Leech in 1898. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Shaanxi.
The wingspan is about 38 mm for males 48 mm for females. Adults are similar to Auzata superba, but all the wings have a double antemedial pale fuscous line and an interrupted submarginal band of the same colour. The hindwings have a patch as on the forewings. The fringes of all wings are pale fuscous, interrupted with white at the ends of the nervules.

## Subspecies

* Auzata chinensis chinensis (China: Hunan, Sichuan)
* Auzata chinensis prolixa Watson, 1959 (China: Zhejiang)
* Auzata chinensis arcuata Watson, 1959 (China: southern Shaanxi, Sichuan)
# Nephrotoma macrocera

Nephrotoma macrocera is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
# Edward Ollard

Sir Edward Christopher Ollard KCB is a British public servant and former Clerk of the Parliaments.
Ollard was appointed as Clerk of the Parliaments with the effect from 16 April 2017 for a term of three years. In April 2020, he was re-appointed for another three-year term. In September 2020, he announced though that he will retire from the office at Easter 2021. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to Parliament.
He served earlier as Clerk Assistant of the House of Lords.
# Oberstotzingen Castle

Oberstotzingen Castle is located at the north end of Niederstotzingen in the district of Heidenheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. At present it is a hotel and restaurant, though both are currently closed.
The site is first mentioned in 1286, though the castle was built around 1300 by the von Stotzingen family. The castle was first expanded in 1500–50, followed by further expansions in 1608-10 and 1747–51. During its history the castle was also owned by the von Sontheim, the von Jarsdorf and the von Ungelter families.
During World War II the castle was used to house displaced Jews by the Nazi government.
Every year around Easter, concerts are presented in the castle during weekends as part of the Niederstotzinger Musiktage ("Niederstotzingen Music Days").
# Marjatta Jaatinen

Marjatta Jatinen (21 December 1927 in Vyborg – 29 October 2003 in Helsinki) was a Finnish architect.

## Works

Together with her husband Martti Jaatinen, she designed an administrative and cultural center for Oulu, Helsinki's Kannelmäki church, a tent-like structure that deviates from traditional church architecture, Kupitta sports hall in Turku, and Tampere Workers' Theatre.

### Buildings designed by Marjatta and Martti Jaatinen

* Oulu City Theatre (1972)
* Oulu City Library (1981)
# Ballou & Wright Company Building

The Ballou & Wright Company Building is a historic warehouse building located at 327 NW 10th Avenue in Downtown Portland, Oregon. It was designed by Sutton & Whitney and its construction was completed in 1921, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1987.

## Design Details

It is a five-story, reinforced concrete historic warehouse building. It is significant "as one of the best-preserved large-scale, loft-type warehouses in the city; one which is distinguished by the quality of its exterior finish of sand grey brick on street elevations and its detailing in general. The square corner sprinkling tank and elevator tower at the northwest corner of the warehouse, also finely detailed, is a distinguishing and increasingly rare feature locally. Strip pilasters between structural bays are banded with contrasting cast-stone string courses, and the parapet is ornamented with the Ballou & Wright Company's distinctive logogram: an escutcheon displaying a winged wheel."

## Ballou & Wright

The Ballou & Wright Company was originally a bicycle dealer in Great Falls, Montana. It was founded by Oscar. B. Ballou (1853–1946), originally from Massachusetts, and Charles F. Wright (1877–1958), originally from Kansas.
They had set up shop in Portland by 1902, and were carrying selling bicycles from lesser known bicycle manufacturers Tribune, Cleveland, Imperial, and others. In 1904 they were carrying bicycles from popular maker Pierce, and by 1905 they had added Rambler models and begun to carry automobile supplies. By 1909 they had begun to sell motorcycles part, and by the following year they had become a west coast distributor for Indian Motorcycles. They took on the Emblem motorcycle distributorship for Oregon and Wasthington (state) in 1913. By 1916 their motorcycle business was big enough that they would receive railroad cars full of new Indian motorcycles - 66 motorcycles in one published case.
The rapid growth of the firm led to Ballou & Wright Company becoming the leading wholesaler of bicycles, motorcycles and automobile parts in the northwest region of the United States. The rapid growth meant the firm outgrew multiple facilities, and eventually to have a large building designed for them in 1917. Likely because of World War I, and the recession after the war, the construction of the building was delayed, and it was not finished until late 1921. On December 30, 1921, they held an open house with over 600 guests attending.
The company eventually grew to have 12 branch offices with locations opening in major cities like Seattle, Washington (1913), Spokane, Washington (1920), and Tacoma, Washington (1936). The firm disbanded in 1960, about two years after the death of Charles Wright. Oscar Ballou had died in 1946.
# List of presidents of the Regional Council of Lombardy

This is the list of the presidents of the Regional Council of Lombardy during all its history.
| Name | Name | Period | Period | Regional legislature |
| | Gino Colombo (DC) | 6 July 1970 | 24 July 1975 | I (1970) |
| | Sergio Marvelli (PSI) | 24 July 1975 | 20 April 1978 | II (1975) |
| | Carlo Smuraglia (PCI) | 20 April 1978 | 24 July 1980 | II (1975) |
| | Sergio Marvelli (PSI) | 24 July 1980 | 6 October 1983 | III (1980) |
| | Renzo Peruzzotti (PSI) | 6 October 1983 | 18 June 1985 | III (1980) |
| | Ugo Finetti (PSI) | 18 June 1985 | 5 August 1985 | IV (1985) |
| | Fabio Semenza (PRI) | 5 August 1985 | 27 June 1990 | IV (1985) |
| | Giampietro Borghini (PCI) | 27 June 1990 | 12 February 1992 | V (1990) |
| | Claudio Bonfanti (PSI) | 12 February 1992 | 9 December 1992 | V (1990) |
| | Francesco Zaccaria (PSI) | 9 December 1992 | 19 June 1995 | V (1990) |
| | Giancarlo Morandi (FI) | 19 June 1995 | 12 June 2000 | VI (1995) |
| | Attilio Fontana (LN) | 12 June 2000 | 6 June 2005 | VII (2000) |
| | Attilio Fontana (LN) | 6 June 2005 | 6 July 2006 | VIII (2005) |
| | Ettore Albertoni (LN) | 6 July 2006 | 15 July 2008 | VIII (2005) |
| | Giulio De Capitani (LN) | 15 July 2008 | 11 May 2010 | VIII (2005) |
| | Davide Boni (LN) | 11 May 2010 | 17 April 2012 | IX (2010) |
| | Fabrizio Cecchetti (LN) | 17 April 2012 | 27 October 2012 | IX (2010) |
| Regional Council suspended |||||
| | Raffaele Cattaneo (FI) | 28 March 2013 | 5 April 2018 | X (2013) |
| | Alessandro Fermi (FI) | 5 April 2018 | incumbent | XI (2018) |
# 1:200 scale

The 1:200 scale is a modeling scale used in the model building hobby. A vehicle or building made in the 1:200 scale, fits 200 times inside its real-life counterpart (in one dimension; it would fit 8 million times if packed three-dimensionally, and would weigh 8 million times less).
A large percentage of models produced in this scale are aircraft models. Companies such as Hasegawa distribute 1:200 scale-sized airliners and military aircraft. Flight Miniatures also produces many airliner and military aircraft models in the scale, both die cast and plastic ones.
Ships are also sometimes available in this scale.
In the world of model aircraft - the 1:200 scale is very popular for a range of military aircraft models, in particular - large aircraft such as bombers, cargo and transporters. This makes for a very reasonably sized model - not too big, but also big enough to include great quality to the model.
A bit less popular, but comparable in size, is the 1:250 scale.
# Milwaukee Opera Theatre

Milwaukee Opera Theatre, known colloquially as MOT, is a professional opera and musical theatre company that originated in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1998, MOT produces at least four projects each season, ranging from the classic to the contemporary, with a special affinity for locally sourced work. MOT also offers complimentary monthly Voice Lab workshops to area singers, both emerging artists and established professionals. The company is currently run by Producing Artistic Director Jill Anna Ponasik.
# Nephrotoma guestfalica

Nephrotoma guestfalica is a species of crane fly within the family Tipulidae. It is present throughout the Palearctic and the species consists of multiple subspecies. Nephrotoma guestfalica has a preference for sandy soils, especially river banks.

## Subspecies

* Nephrotoma guestfalica guestfalica (Westhoff, 1879) - Native to Algeria and Tunisia.
* Nephrotoma guestfalica hartigiana Oosterbroek, 1982 - Native to Morocco.
* Nephrotoma guestfalica surcoufi (Pierre, 1925) - Native to Sardinia.
* Nephrotoma guestfalica vaillanti (de Jong, Adghir and Bosch, 2021) - Native to: Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Corsica, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, South Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey. It can also be found on the islands of Corsica, Corfu, Lefkada, Lesvos, Kerkyra, Sicily, Mallorca.
# Nkidongi

Nkidongi is a settlement in Kenya's Rift Valley Province.
# Oberstreu

Oberstreu is a municipality in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany.

## Mayor

In March 2020 Stefan Kießner was elected mayor.
# Bent Vejlby

Bent Vejlby (20 March 1924 – 31 August 2020) was a Danish film actor and school teacher. He appeared in 40 films between 1952 and 1973. He was born in Vejlby, Denmark.

## Filmography

* Kærlighedsdoktoren (1952)
* Mig og min familie (1957)
* Tag til marked i Fjordby (1957)
* Styrmand Karlsen (1958)
* Vi er allesammen tossede (1959)
* Kvindelist og kærlighed (1960)
* Sømand i knibe (1960)
* Reptilicus (1961)
* Gøngehøvdingen (1961)
* Soldaterkammerater på sjov (1962)
* Dronningens vagtmester (1963)
* Støv for alle pengene (1963)
* Majorens oppasser (1964)
* Slottet (1964)
* Når enden er go' (1964)
* Mord for åbent tæppe (1964)
* Flådens friske fyre (1965)
* Een pige og 39 sømænd (1965)
* Næsbygårds arving (1965)
* Nu stiger den (1966)
* Min søsters børn (1966)
* Slap af, Frede! (1966)
* I stykker (1966)
* Det er ikke appelsiner, det er heste (1967)
* Onkel Joakims hemmelighed (1967)
* Mig og min lillebror (1967)
* Det var en lørdag aften (1968)
* Soldaterkammerater på bjørnetjeneste (1968)
* Mig og min lillebror og storsmuglerne (1968)
* Romulus den store (1969)
* Helle for Lykke (1969)
* Pigen fra Egborg (1969)
* Mazurka på sengekanten (1970)
* Premiere (1970)
* Til lykke Hansen (1971)
* Sejle op ad åen (1972)
* Man sku være noget ved musikken (1972)
* På vej til Hilda (1972)
* Olsen-bandens store kup (1972)
* Gips (1973)
# Thingamakit

The Thingamakit is an analog sound synthesizer kit produced by Bleep Labs. It can be purchased with an optional stompbox-style enclosure (commonly used for guitar effects, but just about any small enclosure can be used to contain the electronics. The Thingamakit is based on voltage controlled oscillators that are commonly used in the production of electronic music. However, this synth is unique in its application of LED outputs and photocell inputs. The LEDs are adjusted to blink at various rates, and they are positioned above the photocells to affect the sound.
Two LEDs are positioned at the end of flexible extensions known as "LEDacles". The layout of switches, knobs and photocells, combined with the tentacle-like LEDacles, give the appearance of a face. Many users decorate their Thingamakits to look like robots, animals, etc.
The Thingamakit is designed in such a way that it can easily be modified and/or circuit bent to produce a wide variety of experimental sounds. Clear instructions, simple design and low cost make it a good choice for electronic musicians who want to experiment with DIY instruments.
# Ballou, Illinois

Ballou is an unincorporated community in southern Will County, Illinois, United States. It is located three miles southeast of the city of Wilmington in Wesley Township.
Ballou is home to only a few houses and a grain elevator that serves the area farms. Other than the eponymous Ballou Road, a two-lane country road, there are no city streets or services. A railroad track that formerly crossed Ballou Road next to the grain elevator was dismantled in the 1990s.
# Elsiane

Elsiane is a Canadian band composed of Elsieanne Caplette and Stephane Sotto.

## Biography

Elsieanne grew up in Peru. She studied classical music and later learned to play the guitar. She became a singer in a group in Peru and then moved to Montreal in 1999, where she met Stephane Sotto.
A self-taught musician, Stephane Sotto was born in Montreal. When Elsieanne and he met, they decided to form the band Elsiane whose name is formed from the first four letters of the first name of the singer and the last three letters of the musician's first name.
The two artists began their collaboration in 2000 and published their first album entitled Hybrid on May 1, 2007, an album mixing jazz, downtempo, rock, classical and electronic music. The album was released a little over a year later in the United States under the label Nettwerk, writes PopMatters, adding that "These trip-hoppers from the USA’s neighbor to the north clearly know how to recreate that mellow, hypnotic atmosphere utilized in the ’90s by big names like Massive Attack, Portishead, etc."
On stage, Elsiane is composed of Jeff Feldman on bass and keyboards, and Philippe Look on guitar and keyboards as well.
During the summer of 2011, Elsiane announced the release of a second album. A few months later, the first single "Underhelped" accompanied by a clip was put online. The album Mechanics of Emotion was released on April 10, 2012.
Because they were struggling with the music industry, their third album Death of the Artist was released independently.
They released their fifth album, with the first single "Sinai" in June 2020.

## Discography

* Hybrid (2007, Vega)
* Mechanics of Emotion (2012, Labratoryband Inc.)
* Death of the Artist (2017, Self-released)
* Rin, Tongue and Dorner (2018, Self-released, in collaboration with Rich Shapero)
* Elsiane (2023, Labratoryband Inc.)