OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Maria Paasche

Maria Therese von Hammerstein Paasche (1909 – 21 January 2000) was a German anti-Nazi activist and literary researcher. She transported Jews out of Germany in the early years of the Nazi regime and later emigrated from Nazi Germany to Japan, where she lived for several years before settling in the United States.

## Life in Germany

Hammerstein was born in 1909 in Magdeburg, one of seven children born to Maria von Lüttwitz (daughter of Walther von Lüttwitz) and Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord, a general who would later serve as commander-in-chief of the Reichswehr in the 1930s. She and her siblings were encouraged to explore intellectual and political ideas; she had many Jewish friends and planned to move to Palestine with some of them. She enrolled at a public school where she could study agriculture, and went on to attend the University of Berlin.
Following Adolf Hitler's ascension to power in 1933, she helped Jews and intellectuals escape Germany by taking them to Prague on her motorcycle. She also provided the Jewish and anti-Nazi community in Prague with newspapers and warned them about Nazi plans that she learned from her father. In 1935, she married John H. Paasche, a man of Jewish ancestry whose father, Hans Paasche, was a known pacifist. Maria and John briefly moved to Palestine before returning to Germany due to a typhoid outbreak. They emigrated to Japan after several interrogations by the Gestapo. Maria's father plotted unsuccessfully to kill Hitler in 1939, and two of her brothers took part in another conspiracy to kill Hitler in 1944; her mother and two siblings were imprisoned in concentration camps until the end of World War II.

## Life in the United States

Maria and John Paasche lived for several years in Japan, where all four of their children were born, but migrated to San Francisco in 1948 due to fears of the German exile community and being monitored by the Japanese police. In San Francisco, Maria initially cleaned houses while John worked in a tomato canning factory. She went on to become a literary researcher, and was fluent in German, French, Russian and English. In later life, she lived in San Francisco's Jewish Home for the Aged; she was the facility's second-ever non-Jewish resident. She died in San Francisco on 21 January 2000 from heart failure.
Paasche was the subject of a 1999 documentary film, Silent Courage: Maria Therese von Hammerstein and Her Battle Against Nazism, which was funded by B'nai B'rith and the German government.
# Hammouda

Hammouda (in Arabic حمودة) or Hamouda or Hammuda is a given name derived of Hammoud and variants Hamoud and Hamud. It is also a common surname in Arabic. Notable people with the name include:

## Hammouda

* Adel Hammouda (born 1948), Egyptian journalist
* Hammouda Pacha Bey, (died 1666), second Bey of Tunis of the Mouradite dynasty reigning from 1631 until his death

## Hamouda

* Hamouda Ahmed El Bashir, Sudanese footballer
* Amirouche Aït Hamouda (1926-1959), commonly called Colonel Amirouche, a leader in the Algerian War, organizing the maquis of the Wilaya III and considered a national hero in Algeria
* Attia Hamouda (born 1914), Egyptian weightlifter
* Nabil Hamouda (born 1983), Algerian footballer
* Nassima Ben Hamouda (born 1973), Algerian volleyball player

## Hammuda

* Hammuda ibn Ali (1759–1814) leader of the Husainid Dynasty and the ruler of Tunisia from 1782 until his death
* Yahya Hammuda (1908-2006), Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Executive Committee from (1967-1969) following the resignation of Ahmad Shukeiri and a predecessor of chairman Yasser Arafat
# Victoria Bridge, Hamilton

Victoria Bridge (originally known as the Hamilton Traffic Bridge and later also as The Bridge Street Bridge) is a steel arch bridge in Hamilton, New Zealand. The bridge has a Category I heritage protection.
The bridge has a main arch of 340 ft (100 m) and 4 land spans. Its total length is 500 ft (150 m). The road is 18 ft (5.5 m) wide and the footpath 4.5 ft (1.4 m). It cost £25,500, equivalent to over $4m in 2017. It replaced the 1879 timber Union Bridge.
In 1929 stone steps were built beside the western end of the bridge to link to Ferry Bank.

## Location and names

The bridge connects the suburbs of Hamilton Central and Hamilton East. The bridge was designed by James Fulton, and G M Fraser was the contractor. Work erecting the bridge, which was pre-fabricated in England by the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company, started in 1909.
The road that goes over the bridge has changed names several times. Up until 1930, the road was known as Richmond Street. A commemorative plaque refers to it as Hamilton Road, though. The name changed to Bridge Street. The latest name change happened in November 2015, when the road was officially renamed as Anzac Parade.

## Repairs

In 1919, the western king posts needed strengthening. A decade later, the foundations had spread 6 in (150 mm) and the crown of the arch had dropped 12.5 in (320 mm). Over the next 3 years the foundations spread up to a further 3⁄8 in (9.5 mm) and the crown settled up to another inch. Also the deck reinforcing was very corroded. 6.5-long-ton (6.6 t) and 10 mph (16 km/h) limits were imposed. It was repaired and jacked up in 1937.

## Heritage registration

On 30 August 1990, the bridge was registered as a Category I 'Historic Place' with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust (now known as Heritage New Zealand).

## Present day

In 2010, the bridge celebrated its 100th year with a party in the park and unveiled a permanent interactive LED lighting system designed to illuminate the bridge for 10–15 years. This project was funded via a donation from the Perry Foundation. The party in the park featured a parade containing people in period costume and classic cars and rides and events for children. The event culminated in the display of a specially commissioned film projected onto a large screen next to the PS Rangiriri, Hamilton's historic paddle steamer in Hamilton East. At the end of the film, the light show was launched. The colour kinetics interactive lighting feature spans the entire structure and took seven days of rigging and many months of planning to install. The bridge is transformed into specific colours at certain times in order to welcome visiting sports teams and to celebrate national or local occasions.
Bronze figures depicting local historical figures have been fixed to the railings since 2010 to celebrate Hamilton's early years and connection to the river. These have faced some controversy as they appear to favour colonial histories to the detriment of the rich indigenous cultural connection to the area, and are a subject of some protest. From time to time "balancing" figures appear, highlighting these apparently missing elements.
# Grafton Village, Virginia

Grafton Village is an unincorporated community in Stafford County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Arsia Chasmata

Arsia Chasmata is a steep-sided depression located northeast of Arsia Mons in the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle on Mars, located at 7.6° S and 119.3° W. It is 97 km long and was named after an albedo name.
In planetary geology, a chasma (plural: chasmata) is a deep, elongated, steep-sided depression.
# Mendrad Kigola

Mendrad Kigola (born 10 December 1969) is a Tanzanian CCM politician and Member of Parliament for Mufindi South constituency since 2010.
# Menominee Tribe of Wis. v. United States

Menominee Tribe of Wis. v. United States, 577 U.S. ___ (2016), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States clarified when litigants are entitled to equitable tolling of a statute of limitations. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito, the Court held that the plaintiff in this case was not entitled to equitable tolling of the statute of limitations because they did not demonstrate that "extraordinary circumstances" prevented the timely filing of the lawsuit.

## Background

This case began as a contract dispute between the Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin and the federal government where the tribe alleged that the federal government failed to adequately fund aid programs under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975. The federal government argued that the Tribe should not have been allowed to bring their claims because they were not filed within the Contract Disputes Act's six-year statute of limitations. The Tribe, on the other hand, argued that the statute of limitations should be equitably tolled because a similar class action suit was pending for 707 days before the Tribe filed suit. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the Tribe was not entitled to equitable tolling because they did not demonstrate "extraordinary circumstances", which are a prerequisite for a claim for equitable tolling. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the district court's ruling, and the Supreme Court of the United States ultimately granted certiorari to resolve a circuit split about the circumstances under which litigants are entitled to equitable tolling.

## Opinion of the Court

In a unanimous opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito, the Court held that the tribe was not entitled to equitable tolling of the statute of limitations. Citing Holland v. Florida, Justice Alito reaffirmed that litigants are only entitled to equitable tolling if they diligently pursue their claims and that "extraordinary circumstances" prevented timely filing. Citing Pace v. DiGuglielmo, Justice Alito also reaffirmed that these two factors are "elements" that should be considered together, and that they are "not merely factors of indeterminate or commensurable weight." Justice Alito held that the tribe did not demonstrate extraordinary circumstances in this case, and was therefore not entitled to equitable tolling.

## Commentary and analysis

In his review of the case for SCOTUSblog, Ronald Mann observed that "the case is likely to cast a shadow over equitable tolling cases for years to come" and suggested that "[f]uture Indian tribes with similar problems may well wish that the tribe in this case had accepted its defeat at the court of appeals without pushing for such a stern limitation on the doctrine from the Supreme Court itself."
# Menominee Township, Michigan

Menominee Township is a civil township of Menominee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,364 at the 2020 census, down from a peak of 4,026 in 1980. The city of Menominee borders the southern end of the township but is administratively autonomous.

## Geography

The township is in southern Menominee County, bordered to the south by Menominee, the county seat; to the southeast by Green Bay (Lake Michigan); and to the west, across the Menominee River, by Marinette County, Wisconsin. U.S. Route 41 crosses the township, leading south into Menominee and north to Stephenson, while M-35 runs along the Lake Michigan shoreline, leading northeast to Escanaba.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Menominee Township has a total area of 73.4 square miles (190 km$^2$), of which 72.7 square miles (188 km$^2$) are land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km$^2$), or 1.02%, are water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,939 people, 1,570 households, and 1,169 families residing in the township. By 2020, its population was 3,364.
# Arthur Watson

Arthur Watson may refer to:
* Arthur Watson (Australian footballer) (1902–1983), Australian rules footballer
* Arthur Watson (cricketer, born 1835) (1835–1920), English cricketer and father of the next
* Arthur Watson (cricketer, born 1866) (1866–1955), English cricketer
* Arthur Watson (cricketer, born 1884) (1884–1952), English cricketer
* Arthur Watson (footballer, died 1931) (1870–1931), English footballer who played for Sheffield United
* Arthur Watson (footballer, died 1937) (1870–1937), English footballer for Notts County
* Arthur Watson (footballer, born 1913) (1913–1995), English football fullback who played for Lincoln City, Chesterfield and Hull City
* Arthur Watson (journalist) (1880–1969), British newspaper editor
* Arthur Watson (priest) (1864–1952), Archdeacon of Richmond
* Arthur Watson (umpire) (born 1940), Australian cricket umpire
* Arthur Christopher Watson (1927–2001), British civil servant
* Arthur K. Watson (1919–1974), president of IBM World Trade Corporation and United States Ambassador to France
* Arthur Kenelm Watson (1867–1947), English teacher and cricketer
* Arthur Watson, director of the Baltimore City Zoo
* Art Watson (1884–1950), baseball player
# The Ring magazine Progress of the Year

The Ring magazine was established in 1922 and gave an award for Progress of the Year from 1953 to 1988. It is given to a boxer who had made significant progress during the preceding year, or had otherwise made the most impressive jump from comparative obscurity to international prominence.
    1953 – Nino Valdes
    1954 – Pascual Perez
    1955 – Chuck Spieser
    1956 – Eddie Machen
    1957 – Roy Harris (boxer)
    1958 – Don Jordan
    1959 – Charley Scott
    1960 – Giulio Rinaldi
    1961:
    1962:
    1963:
    1964 – Vicente Saldivar
    1965 – Alan Rudkin
    1966 – Joe Frazier
    1967 – Jimmy Ellis
    1968 – Shozo Saijo
    1969 – Mac Foster
    1970 – George Foreman
    1971 – Chris Finnegan
    1972 – Bert Nabalatan
    1973 – Santos Luis Rivera
    1974 – Soo-Hwan Hong
    1975 – Mike Colbert
    1976 – Ruben Castillo
    1977 – Eddie Gazo
    1978 – Leon Spinks
    1979 – Chan-Hee Park
    1980 –
    1981 –
    1982 –
    1983 – John Mugabi
    1984 – Francisco Quiroz
    1985 – Lonnie Smith
    1986 – Samart Payakaroon
    1987 – Kelvin Seabrooks
    1988 – Michael Nunn
# All Around Frying Pan

All Around Frying Pan is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by David Kirkland and starring Fred Thomson, James A. Marcus, and Clara Horton.

## Plot

Bart Andrews (Fred Thomson) is a drifting cowboy who is arrested for vagrancy by a sheriff (James A. Marcus) in need of men for the state rad gang. The sheriff stops off at a rodeo on the way to the jail. At the rodeo, Bart has an opportunity to ride a wild bronc, and he tames the horse. At the urging of some cowboys, the sheriff allows Bart to go to work on the Lawrence ranch. Bart falls in love with Jean Dawson (Clara Horton), the daughter of ranch manager Jim Dawson (John Lince).
Bart prevents the theft of the trainload of cattle, and later surprises the foreman in the act of robbing the safe at the express office. In the ensuing fight, the station agent is killed, and Bart is accused of the crime. Bart frees himself, brings the foreman to justice, and reveals himself to be the real owner of the Lawrence ranch.

## Cast

* Fred Thomson as Bart Andrews
* James A. Marcus as Sheriff
* William Courtright as All Around Austin
* John Lince as Jim Dawson
* Clara Horton as Jean Dawson
* Monte Collins as Mike Selby
* Elmo Lincoln as Foreman Slade
* Newton Barbar as Ruddy Logan

## Preservation

The film is now lost.

## Production

All Around Frying Pan was one of several Westerns that Fred Thomson made for FBO, most of which included his white horse, Silver King.
# Bellavary

Bellavary (Irish: Béal Átha Bhearaigh), more widely known as Ballyvary, is a village in County Mayo, Ireland. It is situated on the N5 road between Swinford and Castlebar (11 kilometres (7 mi) north-east of the latter), close to Foxford and the River Moy. At the 2016 census, Ballyvary had a population of 159. It stands near where the Turlough River, the railway and the N5 converge. It is a townland in the Parish of Keelogues.

## Transport

Ballyvary railway station opened on 19 June 1894, but finally closed on 17 June 1963.

## Ballyvary Blue Bombers FC

Bellavary's soccer team, the Ballyvary Blue Bombers, have been playing in the Mayo League since 1986 and today field teams at underage and junior levels. The club had its origins in McKeowns field in Knocksaxon where its early games were played. Today the club play in the Community Pitch in Laghtavarry. Keelogues.

## Ballyvary Hurling Club

Ballyvary Hurling Club was formed in 2005.
# Gerard Christopher

Gerard Christopher (born May 11, 1959, in New York City) is an American actor, writer and producer. He was the second actor to play the eponymous role in the television series Superboy (from 1989 to 1992), replacing John Haymes Newton, who played the role in season one (1988–1989). During his tenure he would later also be a producer and writer on the series. He has performed in a number of telemovies and was a guest star on daytime soap operas such as Days of Our Lives and Sunset Beach, and the prime-time soap opera Melrose Place. He has also starred in the comedy movie Tomboy (1985).
Christopher auditioned for the part of Superman / Clark Kent in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman and was chosen by the casting director. When the producers learned he had essentially already played the role, he was dismissed in favor of Dean Cain.
His most recent film role (as of 2003) was "Zack" in the movie The First of May (1999). He also appeared as himself on the 2006 television documentary Look, Up in the Sky: The Amazing Story of Superman talking about his time on Superboy.
# The Ring of McAllister

The Ring of McAllister: A Score-Raising Mystery Featuring 1,046 Must-Know SAT Vocabulary Words is a mystery novel and SAT preparatory book written by Robert Marantz and published by Kaplan, Inc.

## Plot

Will Lassiter is a seventeen-year-old who lives in the town of Red Fork. When his neighbor, Dr. Octavio Perez, vanishes from the mysterious Stone Manor, Lassiter becomes enveloped in a mystery that involves the late Algernon McAllister, a well-known patron of the town. The protagonist locates Perez, rescues his daughter, and discovers the secret of the abandoned mansion.

## Author

The author, Robert Marantz, formerly worked at Kaplan as a software developer, but he left the company to work as a screenwriter. He intended for the book, which was published jointly by Kaplan and Simon & Schuster, to be "a light entertainment" and "[s]omething that [wasn’t] a chore to read".

## SAT preparation

The 329-page novel contains 1,046 vocabulary words that test-takers are likely to encounter on the SAT, the most frequently used college admissions exam in the United States. Each word is boldfaced in the text and defined in a glossary at the end of the book. The novel is intended to teach students the meanings of the words in context in a way that engages readers, thereby improving students' performance on the SAT's verbal section. The Ring of McAllister followed several other fictional test-prep books, including Harcourt's Tooth and Nail (1994) and Barron's Simon's Saga (2002).

## Critical response

Readers' reactions to The Ring of McAllister varied: one praised it as "a brilliant way to learn SAT vocabulary", while another quipped that "after about 50 pages, you might actually find a word you didn't know". The Chicago Tribune called the book "a decent read", commenting that although its boldfaced words were "a bit jarring", reading the novel was a more enjoyable way to study for the SAT than "nodding off over a boring vocab list". A reviewer in the Spokesman-Review gave the book a grade of D, deriding its "plot and writing style" as "juvenile" and opining that "your time is valuable and better spent the old-fashioned way—memorizing flashcards".
# Managing the Professional Service Firm

Managing the Professional Service Firm is a book by David H. Maister, a Harvard Business School professor and professional service firm consultant. The book is a compilation of 32 articles written over the preceding ten years and covers topics from strategy to profitability, marketing to motivating employees.
# The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton Grand Cayman Legends Championship

The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton Grand Cayman Legends Championship is an event in the Outback Champions Series for senior tennis players. It is held each year in Grand Cayman.

## Finals results
### 2008

Jim Courier defeated Wayne Ferreira 7-6 (3), 7-6 (1)
* This tennis-related competition article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# The Residences at Greenbelt

The Residences at Greenbelt is a residential skyscraper complex in Makati, Philippines. The project is developed and managed by Ayala Land. It is composed of three towers:
* The Residences at Greenbelt - Laguna Tower
* The Residences at Greenbelt - Manila Tower
* The Residences at Greenbelt - San Lorenzo Tower
The towers are among the country's tallest, with the San Lorenzo Tower set to be the 6th tallest building in the Philippines upon completion.
# Bishop of Tasmania

Bishop of Tasmania may refer to:
* Anglican Bishop of Tasmania
* Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart
# Battle of Kardia

The Battle of Kardia was a naval battle fought in c. 872/3 between the fleets of the Byzantine Empire and the Cretan Saracens off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major Byzantine victory.
According to the 10th-century chronicler Theophanes Continuatus—whose work was later reused almost without change by the 11th-century historian John Skylitzes—in the early years of the reign of the Emperor Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867–886), the Arab emir of Crete, Shu'ayb ("Saet" in Greek), son of the founder of the emirate, Abu Hafs, sent a Greek renegade called Photios, "a warlike and energetic fellow", on a major raiding expedition against the Byzantine Empire. The fleet led by Photios comprised over 50 vessels, including 27 heavy vessels (koumbaria) and many lighter galleys.
This fleet plundered the shores of the Aegean Sea, looting and taking prisoners to be sold as slaves, and even penetrated into the Propontis and reached Prokonnesos, in the vicinity of Constantinople; the first time since the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople in 717–718 that a Muslim fleet had come so close to the Byzantine capital. The Byzantine response was headed by the droungarios of the Fleet, Niketas Ooryphas, who met the Saracen fleet in battle off Kardia, in the Gulf of Saros. The battle was a major victory for the Byzantines, who destroyed twenty Saracen vessels through the use of Greek fire, and forced the rest to flee back to Crete.
Some time after this defeat, Photios led another raid against Greece, but Ooryphas once again caught up with him and destroyed his fleet, killing Photios. The dating of these events is unclear; Ekkehard Eickhoff [de] (Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abendland, 1966) and Dimitris Tsoungarakis (Byzantine Crete: From the 5th Century to the Venetian Conquest, 1988) place the battle at Kardia in 872, while Warren Treadgold (A History of the Byzantine State and Society) and John Pryor and Elizabeth Jeffreys (The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204) place it in c. 873.