OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Study of History

Study of History may refer to:
* A Study of History, a 12-volume book by British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, finished in 1961
* Historiography, the study of history
# Span (engineering)

In engineering, span is the distance between two adjacent structural supports (e.g., two piers) of a structural member (e.g., a beam). Span is measured in the horizontal direction either between the faces of the supports (clear span) or between the centers of the bearing surfaces (effective span):
A span can be closed by a solid beam or by a rope. The first kind is used for bridges, the second one for power lines, overhead telecommunication lines, some type of antennas or for aerial tramways.
Span is a significant factor in finding the strength and size of a beam as it determines the maximum bending moment and deflection. The maximum bending moment $M_{max}$ and deflection $\delta _{max}$in the pictured beam is found using:
    $M_{max}={\frac {qL^{2}}{8}}$
    $\delta _{max}={\frac {5M_{max}L^{2}}{48EI}}={\frac {5qL^{4}}{384EI}}$
where
    $q$ = Uniformly distributed load
    $L$ = Length of the beam between two supports (span)
    $E$ = Modulus of elasticity
    $I$ = Area moment of inertia
The maximum bending moment and deflection occur midway between the two supports. From this it follows that if the span is doubled, the maximum moment (and with it the stress) will quadruple, and deflection will increase by a factor of sixteen.
# Classic (Living Legends album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| BMR | |
| Exclaim! | mixed |
| Exclaim! | favorable |
| PopMatters | |
| Prefix | 7.0/10 |
| XLR8R | favorable |
Classic is a studio album by American hip hop group Living Legends. It was released on Legendary Music in 2005. It peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums, as well as number 38 on the Independent Albums chart.

## Critical reception

Dan Nishimoto of PopMatters gave the album 7 stars out of 10, saying: "While Classic never aspires to unify itself around a common theme or the such, it sounds and feels whole because of the common spirit with which each MC approaches their verses." Meanwhile, Dalia Cohen of Exclaim! said: "This is an album that would probably sound dope at a live venue with the energy and vibe that Living Legends would bring to the stage, but for at home listening the mad flows of each emcee gets lost in the background."

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Heatseekers Albums (Billboard) | 26 |
| US Independent Albums (Billboard) | 38 |

## Personnel

* Evren Göknar - Mastering Engineer
# McPherson's Mood

McPherson's Mood is the sixth album led by saxophonist Charles McPherson recorded in 1969 and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars with its review by Alex Henderson stating, "McPherson's Mood isn't the least bit innovative (by 1969 standards), but it's definitely solid and enjoyable".

## Track listing

All compositions by Charles McPherson except as indicated
* "Explorations" - 5:22
* "McPherson's Mood" - 8:12
* "Opalescence" - 5:37
* "My Cherie Amour" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Stevie Wonder) - 8:23
* "Mish-Mash-Bash" - 6:58
* "I Get a Kick Out of You" (Cole Porter) - 6:47

## Personnel

* Charles McPherson - alto saxophone
* Barry Harris - piano
* Buster Williams - bass
* Roy Brooks - drums
# Flestolol

Flestolol is a short-acting beta adrenergic receptor antagonist.

## Synthesis

Acylation of acid chloride 2-Fluorobenzoyl chloride [393-52-2] (1) with glycidol (2) produces the ester 2,3-Epoxypropyl 2-Fluorobenzoate [85515-51-1] (3). Reaction of that intermediate with amine (2-Amino-2-methyl-propyl)-urea [87484-83-1] (4) obtained by reaction of 1,1-dimethylethylenediamine with urea, gives flestolol (5).
# Abla Mehio Sibai

Abla Mehio Sibai (Arabic: عبلة محيو السباعي) is a Professor of Epidemiology at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon. Sibai has served as the Interim Dean of AUB's Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) from 2020 to 2022 and is currently the Dean of FHS. She is also the co-founder of the Center for Studies on Aging in Lebanon and co-founding director of the AUB University for Seniors Program.

## Early life and education

Despite being inspired by mathematics, Abla Mehio Sibai studied pharmacy at the American University of Beirut, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1977. Her brief pharmacy career came to a halt because of the violent situation in Lebanon. After being a full-time mother for 10 years, she returned to the American University of Beirut where she got her master's degree in epidemiology in 1986. Sibai received her PhD in epidemiology from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1997.

## Research and career

Being a public health scholar, Sibai's research focuses on healthy ageing, social demography, and epidemiology of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In Lebanon, she led the first Global Burden of Disease in 2002 and the first NCD Behavioral Risk factor Study in 2008. Sibai led the first Global Burden of Disease in 2002 and the first NCD Behavioral Risk factor Study in 2008. Her exploration of existing NCD research in Arab countries, where NCDs represent nearly 60% of the disease burden, highlighted the disconnect between research and policy and the dire need to reduce research waste in resource-scarce countries. She also co-founded the AUB University for Seniors (UFS) program in 2010, and is also the Director of the Center for Studies on Ageing which she co-founded in 2008. She spearheaded the three regional mapping reviews of policies and programs on Ageing in Arab countries (2007, 2012, 2017) and led the development of the 'National Strategy for Older Persons' in Lebanon (2020), for the country's Ministry of Social Affairs. She has published over 200 papers in refereed journals and close to 100 book chapters, scientific and technical reports, and policy briefs.

## Other activities

* World Health Organization (WHO), Member of the Science Council (since 2021)
* HelpAge International, Member of the Board of Trustees

## Recognition

Sibai was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Award in 2020 "for her pioneering research and advocacy to improve healthy ageing in low- and middle-income countries and their impact on health and social policies and programs." Sibai was also awarded the Dr A.T. Shousha Foundation Prize in 2014 for her contributions to public health, and The State of Kuwait Prize for the Control of Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2019. She was also awarded from AUB in 1990 the Kiram Siniora Research Prize in Social Sciences, Population Studies, Anthropology and Epidemiology and the Best Research Award in 1989.
# Strijensas

Strijensas is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is located about 12 km southwest of the city of Dordrecht, in the municipality of Hoeksche Waard.
The village was first mentioned in 1617 as "'t Sas van Stryen", and means "the sluice of Strijen". Strijensas developed after 1650 at the mouth of the harbour canal of Strijen.
The first Dutch Reformed church was built in 1879. In February 1945, it was destroyed by war and replaced in 1952.
Strijensas was home to 301 people in 1840. Nowadays, it consists of about 180 houses. It was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1855, when it became part of Strijen. In 2019, it became part of the municipality of Hoeksche Waard.
# Michael M. T. Henderson

Michael Magnus Thyne Henderson (1942 - April 2, 2018) was an American linguist and Professor of Linguistics at the University of Kansas. He is best known for his works on Dari Persian. He was an executive director of the Kabul English Language Center in Afghanistan (1965-1968).
# Littlemore Railway Cutting

Littlemore Railway Cutting is a 0.5-hectare (1.2-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the southern outskirts of Oxford in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.
The cutting exposes limestone and clay laid down in mid-Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic, around 160 million years ago. The deposit is part of the Stanford Formation, and the clay appears to have been deposited in a channel between coral reefs which then covered the Oxford area.
# Claude Rolin

Claude Rolin (born 26 May 1957 in Charleroi) is a Belgian politician, who has been a Member of the European Parliament since 2014, representing the Belgian French-speaking electoral college. He is a member of the Humanist Democratic Centre (cdH), which sits in the EPP Group.
Rolin comes from Bertrix, in Belgian Luxembourg.
Prior to being MEP, Rolin was secretary of the Confederation of Christian Trade Unions (ACV/CSC). In addition to his committee assignments, he now serves as a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Trade Unions.
# 1868 Clermont colonial by-election

The 1868 Clermont colonial by-election was a by-election held on 22 June 1868 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## History

On 11 May 1868, Charles Fitzsimmons, the member for Clermont, resigned. John Scott won the resulting by-election on 22 June 1868.
# Florence St John Cadell

Florence St John Cadell (14 August 1877, Cheltenham – 30 January 1966, Edinburgh) was a Scottish artist and patriot, involved in the early days of the Scottish National Party with her partner Wendy Wood. Her artworks are usually signed St John Cadell, disguising her femininity.

## Life

She was born in Cheltenham on 14 August 1877, the third of four daughters to George Cadell (1844–1909) and his wife Mary Amelia Morison McCrae (1844–1924). Her father was in the Indian Forestry Department. She was named after aunt Florence Cadell, who had adopted the name St John Cadell after marrying Berkeley Craven St John. She was a distant cousin of the Scottish artist Francis Cadell. Her elder sister, Agnes Morison Cadell (1873–1958) was also an artist. The family moved as a group to Scotland around 1896, following the death of the eldest sister, Mary Eliza Cadell, and only brother William Farquhar Cadell (1874–1894). Cadell appears to have tried to distance herself from her overtly upper class English roots, and often alleged an Australian birth. Her personal viewpoint quickly awoke to a personal identification as “Scottish”, and she was clearly a nationalist in her political views.
Cadell began exhibiting in the Royal Scottish Academy in 1900 and continued until 1965. Early work focussed on goats (which she kept at her house).
In the 1920s, Cadell and her sister Agnes jointly rebuilt Whinmill Brae House in Edinburgh as an artist’s studio. This still exists, in a hidden rural location on the Water of Leith between Donaldson's School and Dean Village. The pair spent some time in Crail in Fife and their work took on many of the picturesque themes of this fishing village. This period included short trips to other picturesque historic Fife villages, such as Culross.
From 1956, Cadell’s close artist friend Wendy Wood came to live with her and share her Edinburgh studio at Whinmill Brae. The house is now split in two and addressed as 17 and 18 Coltbridge Gardens. They had a joint exhibition of art in 1963.
She died on 30 January 1966 and is buried very close to her home, in Dean Cemetery. The grave lies in the north section. She is buried with both her parents, Agnes and her youngest sister, Muriel McCrae Cadell (1887–1931). The grave faces south on the south path of the Victorian north extension. The grave describes her as Scottish Patriot and bears lines from verse 7 of Psalm 124, “even as a bird out of the fowler’s snare”: a reference to escaping the troubles of life.
Cadell’s portrait of Wendy Wood (named The Patriot) is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
# Marie Inbona

Marie Inbona (born 23 May 1980) is a French television presenter. She became known for hosting the news on channel Infosport+ and participating at the sport program 100% Foot on channel M6.

## Education

Marie Inbona began her university cursus with a DEUG in law at the Panthéon-Assas University in Paris and then graduated in journalism in New York City in 2002.

## Television career

In August 2009, she replaced Karine Ferri during the first period of Star Six Music on M6. She also presented only once Drôle de réveil ! the same month on the same channel with Jérôme Anthony for the last broadcast of the program. She also presents in 2012 the first week of the program Absolument Stars with Alex Fighter.
Since September 2009, she presents 12 Infos on NRJ 12, replacing David Jacquot who arrived on M6 for the daily news 19:45. She also presents the news on channel NRJ Paris (a channel member of the NRJ Group) and a program about society titled La vie d'aujourd'hui on prime time on Saturday evening on NRJ 12.
Since February 2010, she is the main presenter of Paris c'est fou, a daily program broadcast on NRJ 12, where she receives personalities of the music and film industry. More than 350 episodes of the program were broadcast in the conditions of the direct. Since August 2012, she is part of the recurring journalists in the daily program of Jean-Marc Morandini Vous êtes en direct on the same channel. Since the start of the 2016 school year, she has been a columnist on the talk show Amanda with Amanda Scott on france 2.

## Personal life

Marie Inbona has a daughter named Romane (born 10 January 2009) and a son named Jarod (born 11 October 2013).
# Strijp

Strijp is a former town in the Dutch province of North Brabant, now a borough of Eindhoven.

## History

Strijp was a separate municipality until 1920, when it became part of Eindhoven.

## Notable features

The Philips Stadion, home of football team PSV Eindhoven is based in Strijp. The stadium has a capacity of around 35,000.
Strijp-S, the repurposed buildings of the former Philips factory complex, is located within Strijp.
# Garymunida

Garymunida is a genus of squat lobsters in the family Munididae. It was erected in 2022 when the then paraphyletic Agononida was divided into three lineages: Agononida sensu stricto and two new genera, Garymunida and Hexamunida. The genus name honors Gary C. B. Poore [sv], acknowledging his "significant contributions to the study of the Galatheoidea and other crustaceans".
Garymunida is primarily distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but two species (G. schroederi and G. longipes) occur in the western Atlantic Ocean.

## Species

There are 20 recognized species:
* Garymunida aequabilis (Macpherson, 2006)
* Garymunida analoga (Macpherson, 1993)
* Garymunida garciai (Macpherson, 2004)
* Garymunida imitata (Macpherson, 2006)
* Garymunida isabelensis (Cabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2009)
* Garymunida laurentae (Macpherson, 1994)
* Garymunida longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1880)
* Garymunida longispinata (Baba, 1988)
* Garymunida nielbrucei (Vereshchaka, 2005)
* Garymunida normani (Henderson, 1885)
* Garymunida ocyrhoe (Macpherson, 1994)
* Garymunida pilosimanus (Baba, 1969)
* Garymunida procera (Ahyong & Poore, 2004)
* Garymunida prolixa (Alcock, 1894)
* Garymunida sabatesae (Macpherson, 1994)
* Garymunida schroederi (Chace, 1939)
* Garymunida similis (Baba, 1988)
* Garymunida simillima (Macpherson, 2006)
* Garymunida soelae (Baba, 1986)
* Garymunida squamosa (Henderson, 1885)
# Michael Lorant

Michael Lorant is an American singer and musician, best known for producing the album Jesus Christ Superstar: A Resurrection, a project done with Amy Ray and Emily Saliers, members of Indigo Girls. He is also well known for performing a live stage version with many musicians from the Atlanta alternative scene. Lorant played guitar, drums, piano, and other instruments for the album. He sang the role of Judas Iscariot, and also sang the roles of other characters on the album.

## Discography

* Jesus Christ Superstar: A Resurrection
# Lepidium dictyotum

Lepidium dictyotum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names alkali pepperweed and alkali pepperwort.
It is native to the far western United States. It grows in dry saline and alkaline soils, such as dry lakebeds.

## Description

Lepidium dictyotum is a hairy annual herb producing decumbent or spreading stems up to about 20 centimeters long. They are lined sparsely with small leaves divided into fingerlike lobes.
The inflorescence is a mostly erect raceme of tiny flowers. Each flower is made up of millimeter long sepals and occasionally a white petal, although the petals are usually absent.
The fruit is a dehiscent silique 3 or 4 millimeters long divided into two valves, each containing a seed.
# 1926–27 Swiss International Ice Hockey Championship

The 1926–27 Swiss International Ice Hockey Championship was the 12th edition of the international ice hockey championship in Switzerland. HC Davos won the championship by defeating HC Rosey Gstaad in the final.

## First round
### Eastern Series

* EHC St. Moritz - HC Davos 3:3 OT
The re-play of the game was not contested, and was awarded to HC Davos.
* HC Davos - EHC St. Moritz 3:0 (Forfeit)
HC Davos qualified for the final.

### Western Series

* HC Rosey Gstaad - HC Château-d'Oex 3:2 OT
HC Rosey Gstaad qualified for the final.

## Final

The final was played in Davos on February 20, 1927.
* HC Davos - HC Rosey Gstaad 2:0
# Archibald Barton

Archibald Barton (1862 – after 1889) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football Alliance for Small Heath. Barton was born in the Moseley district of Birmingham and played local football for Coles Farm Unity before joining Small Heath. He played competitively only once for the club, in the opening game of the 1889–90 season, deputising at right-back when Fred Speller was switched to the left in the absence of Walter Gittins. Barton died in Birmingham.
# 1868 Canterbury colonial by-election

A by-election for the seat of Canterbury in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held in September 1868 because of the resignation of James Pemell.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| 2 September 1868 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and close of electoral rolls. |
| 16 September 1868 | Day of nomination |
| 19 September 1868 | Polling day |
| 31 January 1871 | Return of writ |

## Results

1868 Canterbury by-election Wednesday 16 September :
| Candidate | Candidate | Votes | % |
| Richard Hill (elected) | Richard Hill (elected) | unopposed | |
# Bachharan

Bachharan is a village in located in Chitrakoot district (Uttar Pradesh, India).
# Gaurav Narayanan

Gaurav Narayanan is an Indian film maker who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. He made his debut with the movie Thoonga Nagaram.

## Career

He started his journey as an assistant cinematographer for Rajarajan. He joined the director, N. Maharajan, and later worked as a co-director for his guru, director K. S. Ravikumar.
His debut as director, writer, and actor through Thoonga Nagaram, a gangster-drama film, received positive responses. This movie had Vimal and Anjali in the lead, along with Gaurav himself. Gaurav was awarded "Best Debutant Director" by Emirates Tamilians Association, EMITAA 2011. His movie bagged the "Best Film - Highlighting Tamil Culture" award from the Norwary Tamil Film Festival, NTFF 2012 and was also officially screened in Chennai International Film Festival. This movie was dubbed and released as Naluguru Snehitula Katha in Telugu.
His next project, Sigaram Thodu, bagged commercial success and recognition, Along with Vikram Prabhu, Sathyaraj, and Sathish, Gaurav also played in this movie. This is the first South Indian movie to be nominated for screening and selected for the best film competition in the Seattle International Film Festival and has won a "Best Film - Social Awareness" award in the Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards, NTFF 2015.
Gaurav's next film, Ippadai Vellum with Lyca Productions, starring Udhayanidhi Stalin and Manjima Mohan, was released worldwide on 9 November 2017. The film was met with mixed and positive reviews.

## Filmography
### As director, writer and actor

| Year | Film | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Credited as | Notes |
| Year | Film | Director | Writer | Actor | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Thoonga Nagaram | Yes | Yes | Yes | Rajamani | |
| 2013 | Naan Rajavaga Pogiren | No | No | Yes | Ravi, Police |
| 2014 | Sigaram Thodu | Yes | Yes | Yes | Shiva | |
| 2016 | Aarathu Sinam | No | No | Yes | Peter / Santhosh |
| 2017 | Ippadai Vellum | Yes | Yes | Yes | Tamil, Police Inspector | |
| 2022 | F. I. R. | No | No | Yes | Sooraj, Head of Striking Force | |
| 2023 | Pizza 3: The Mummy | No | No | Yes | Premkumar, Inspector of Police | |
| TBA | Kottravai | No | No | Yes | Maasi / Thalapathy | |
# Michael Lorenz

Michael Lorenz may refer to:
* Michael Lorenz (veterinarian)
* Michael Lorenz (footballer)
* Michael Lorenz (musicologist)
# Altınay

Altınay (or Altinay) is a Turkic given name used in Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Turkish cultures. Predominantly a female name, it is occasionally used for males as well. The name is also found in Cuba. Altınay is also used as a surname in Turkey.

## Meaning

The name means 'golden moon'.

## Given name

* Princess Altinaï of Montenegro (born 1977)
* Altynai Asylmuratova (born 1961), Kazakh former prima ballerina with the Kirov Ballet and artistic director of the ballet company at Astana Opera
* Altynai Botoyarova (born 2004), Kyrgyz model and beauty pageant titleholder, Miss Kyrgyzstan 2021
* Altynai Nogerbek [kk] (born 1976), Kazakh film and theater actress
* Altynai Omurbekova (born 1973), vice-speaker of the parliament of Kyrgyzstan
* Altynay Sapargalieva (born 1989), Kazakh singer who placed third in SuperStar KZ 3
* Altina Schinasi (1907–1999), American sculptor, filmmaker, actress, entrepreneur, window dresser, designer; inventor of cat-eye glasses
* Altinay Sernikli [ru] (born 1942), Turkish library specialist and translator
* Altynai Temirova [ky] (born 1960), Kyrgyz poet, playwright, screenwriter, and translator
* Altynai Zhorabayeva [kk] (born 1978), Kazakh pop singer

## Surname

* Ahmet Refik Altınay (1881–1937), Turkish historian, writer, and poet
* Ayşe Gül Altınay (born 1971), Turkish anthropologist
* Koray Altınay (born 1991), Turkish football defender
* Metin Altinay [tr] (born 1962), Turkish former football player and coach
# 1926–27 St. Louis Soccer League season

Final league standings for the 1926-27 St. Louis Soccer League.

## League standings

| Place | Team | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Points |
| 1 | Ben Millers | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 34 | 22 | 17 |
| 2 | Wellston | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 36 | 22 | 16 |
| 3 | White Banner | 12 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 23 | 33 | 10 |
| 4 | Raticans | 12 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 21 | 35 | 5 |
| 5 | Chicago Sparta* | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 5 |
* Chicago Sparta withdrew after four games.

## Top Goal Scorers

| Rank | Scorer | Club | G |
| 1 | Ed Hart | Wellstones | 10 |
| 2 | Joe Hennessy | Ben Millers | 8 |
| 3 | Lou Ahrens | Wellstones | 7 |
| 4 | Jimmy Dunn | Wellstones | 6 |
| 4 | Al McHenry | Raticans | 6 |
| 4 | E. Thumm | White Banner | 6 |
| 4 | George Corrigan | Wellstone's | 6 |
| 8 | Tom Erbe | Ben Millers | 5 |
| 8 | Bochnicek | Raticans | 5 |
| 8 | Buddy Brengle | Raticans | 4 |
| 11 | Harry Ratican | Raticans | 3 |
| 11 | George Schweppe | Ben Millers | 3 |
# Mazariegos

Mazariegos is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 267 inhabitants.