OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tempotron

The Tempotron is a supervised synaptic learning algorithm which is applied when the information is encoded in spatiotemporal spiking patterns. This is an advancement of the perceptron which does not incorporate a spike timing framework.
It is general consensus that spike timing (STDP) plays a crucial role in the development of synaptic efficacy for many different kinds of neurons Therefore, a large variety of STDP-rules has been developed one of which is the tempotron.

## Algorithm

Assuming a leaky integrate-and-fire-model the potential $V(t)$ of the synapse can be described by
$V(t)=\sum _{i}\omega _{i}\sum _{t_{i}}K(t-t_{i})+V_{rest},$
where $t_{i}$ denotes the spike time of the i-th afferent synapse with synaptic efficacy $\omega _{i}$ and $V_{rest}$ the resting potential. $K(t-t_{i})$ describes the postsynaptic potential (PSP) elicited by each incoming spike:
$K(t-t_{i})={\begin{cases}V_{0}[\exp(-(t-t_{i})/\tau )-\exp(-(t-t_{i})/\tau _{s})]&t\geq t_{i}\\0&t<t_{i}\end{cases}}$
with parameters $\tau$ and $\tau _{s}$ denoting decay time constants of the membrane integration and synaptic currents. The factor $V_{0}$ is used for the normalization of the PSP kernels. When the potential crosses the firing threshold $V_{th}$ the potential is reset to its resting value by shunting all incoming spikes.
Next, a binary classification of the input patterns is needed($\circ$ refers to a pattern which should elicit at least one post synaptic action potential and $\bullet$ refers to a pattern which should have no response accordingly). In the beginning, the neuron does not know which pattern belongs to which classification and has to learn it iteratively, similar to the perceptron . The tempotron learns its tasks by adapting the synaptic efficacy $\omega _{i}$. If a $\circ$ pattern is presented and the postsynaptic neuron did not spike, all synaptic efficacies are increased by $\Delta \omega _{i}$ whereas a $\bullet$ pattern followed by a postsynaptic response leads to a decrease of the synaptic efficacies by $\Delta \omega _{i}$ with
$\Delta \omega _{i}=\lambda \sum _{t_{i}<t_{max}}K(t_{max}-t_{i}).$
Here $t_{max}$ denotes the time at which the postsynaptic potential $V(t)$ reaches its maximal value.
It should be mentioned that the Tempotron is a special case of an older paper which dealt with continuous inputs.

## Sources

* ↑ Caporale, N., & Dan, Y. (2008). Spike timing-dependent plasticity: a Hebbian learning rule. Annu Rev Neurosci, 31, 25-46.
* ↑ Robert Gütig, Haim Sompolinsky (2006): The tempotron: a neuron that learns spike timing-based decisions, Nature Neuroscience vol. 9, no.3, 420-428
* ↑ Anthony M. Zador, Barak A. Pearlmutter (1996): "VC dimension of an integrate-and-fire neuron model", Neural Computation vol.8, 611-624
# WSST

WSST may refer to:
* Wisconsin Society of Science Teachers
* WSST-TV, a television station (channel 34, virtual 55) licensed to serve Cordele, Georgia, United States
* WSST-LD, a low-power television station (channel 28, virtual 55) licensed to serve Albany, Georgia
# Master of the Llangattock Epiphany

The Master of the Llangattock Epiphany was a Flemish manuscript painter active between 1450 and 1460. He is one of at least eight artists who contributed to a Book of Hours, the Llangattock Hours, now in the J. Paul Getty Museum collection. His name is derived from this book, whose title in turn was derived from the name of a previous owner. The Master contributed one miniature to the collection, an Adoration of the Magi; he is believed to have lived in Bruges.
The master should not be confused with the Master of the Llangattock Hours, whose work may be found in the same book.
# Vicente Saadi

Vicente Leonidas Saadi (19 July 1913 – 10 July 1988) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. He was a senator and governor for Catamarca Province, and became the patriarch of a family that has dominated Catamarca politics since the 1940s.
Born in Belén, his family were prosperous Syrian immigrants who became prominent in local commerce. He allied himself with the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) early on, though after the rise of populist leader Juan Perón in 1945, he switched allegiances for the latter.
Saadi was elected Senator in 1946, serving until 1949 when he was elected on the Peronist ticket as Governor of Catamarca. The party's leader, President Perón, ordered Saadi removed from his post after four months, however, amid allegations of "nepotism and despotism" in his administration of the remote province. Saadi was subsequently expelled from the party, and served time in prison.
He was married to Alicia Cubas de Saadi, and a number of their children went on to become leading Catamarca Province figures, as well. Ramón Saadi was elected governor of Catamarca in 1987, Alicia Saadi was elected to the Senate in 1999, and Vicente Saadi (jr) and his daughter-in-law.
He was ultimately re-elected to the Senate in 1973 on behalf of the Peronist-led Frejuli alliance, serving until the dissolution of the Argentine Senate in the March 1976 coup. In the 1970s Saadi had been a leading supporter of the far-left Montoneros, and set up the Intransigencia y Movilización faction; he was a patron of future Defense Minister Nilda Garré.
Re-elected in 1983 at the return of democracy, Saadi led the Justicialists in the Senate, where the party obtained a majority of 21 seats to 18 for the UCR. Saadi abandoned his earlier support for left-wing Peronists, and endorsed Herminio Iglesias as candidate in the race for Governor of Buenos Aires (the nation's largest province). Iglesias, a right-wing Peronist, lost the race, and despite the miscalculation, Saadi was elected vice-president of the party. In that capacity, he worked closely with the leader of the UCR, President-elect Raul Alfonsín, during the transition to democracy.
Saadi later took part in a famous television debate with Dante Caputo on November 14, 1984, arguing against the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina. In 1987 he swapped jobs with his son, Ramón, becoming governor once again whilst his son became a Senator. He remained powerful in the party, and that year, decided that the Justicialist Party would not pay the $8 million ransom demanded for the return of the hands of Juan Perón, which had been stolen in June or July of that year. Vicente died in office.
Saadi was a leading figure in the politics of his province and the left-wing of his party, serving as vice-president of the Peronists and considered a caudillo for his manner of control. He was one of the first prominent Syrian-Argentines and his name is recorded in streets, squares and other institutions around the country.
# 1952 Úrvalsdeild

Statistics of Úrvalsdeild in the 1952 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 5 teams, and KR won the championship. ÍA's Ríkharður Jónsson was the top scorer with 6 goals.

## Final league table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| 1 | KR (C) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 3 | +4 | 7 |
| 2 | ÍA | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 6 |
| 3 | Fram | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 9 | −1 | 4 |
| 4 | Valur | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | −2 | 2 |
| 5 | Víkingur | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | −7 | 1 |

## Results

| Home \ Away | KR | VAL | VÍK | ÍA |
| Fram | 2–3 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–5 |
| KR | | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| Valur | | | 1–1 | 0–1 |
| Víkingur | | | | 2–6 |
| ÍA | | | | |
# Mozart Medal (Mozartgemeinde)

The Mozart Medal of the Mozartgemeinde Wien was a music award named after Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

## Recipients

* Heinrich Damisch, 1952
* Wilhelm Furtwängler, 1952
* Heinrich von Kralik, 1952
* Joseph Marx, 1952
* Edwin Fischer, 1953
* Egon von Komorzynsky, 1953
* Irmgard Seefried, 1953
* Wiener Philharmoniker, 1953
* Audrey Christie, 1954
* John Christie, 1954
* Ernst Moravec, 1954
* Leopold Nowak, 1954
* Leopold Wlach, 1954
* Johann Nepomuk David, 1955
* Anton Dermota, 1955
* Hans Pemmer, 1955
* Erich Schenk, 1955
* Amis de Mozart Paris, 1956
* Boston Symphony Orchestra, 1956
* Comune di Milano, 1956
* Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft, 1956
* Karl Böhm, 1957
* Maria Gerhart, 1957
* Erich Kunz, 1957
* Erich Müller-Asow, 1957
* Willy Boskovsky, 1958
* Franziska Martienssen-Lohmann, 1958
* Julius Patzak, 1958
* Wiener Oktett, 1958
* Wiener Symphoniker, 1958
* Hans Duhan, 1960
* Bernhard Paumgartner, 1960
* Erik Werba, 1960
* Josef Witt, 1960
* Wilhelm Backhaus, 1961
* Ferdinand Grossmann, 1961
* Wise Helletsgruber, 1961
* Carl Schuricht, 1961
* Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, 1963
* Ferenc Fricsay, 1963
* Hans Joachim Moser, 1963
* Wiener Phil. Streichquartett, 1963
* Elisabeth Höngen, 1964
* Sena Jurinac, 1964
* Emmy Loose, 1964
* Maria Reining, 1964
* Paul Schöffler, 1964
* Oscar Fritz Schuh, 1964
* Otto Erich Deutsch, 1965
* Frank Martin, 1965
* Yehudi Menuhin, 1965
* Gustav Hillström, 1966
* Wilfried Scheib, 1966
* Franz Samohyl, 1966
* Gerhard Croll, 1968
* Hilde Konetzni, 1968
* Wilhelm Rohm, 1968
* Hans Sittner, 1968
* Hans Swarowsky, 1968
* Christa Ludwig, 1969
* Jacques Chailley, 1969
* Karl Öhlberger, 1969
* Walter Berry, 1969
* Heinz Scholz, 1969
* Dmitri Shostakovich, 1969
* Nicolai Gedda, 1970
* Walter Gerstenberg, 1970
* Ingrid Haebler, 1970
* Egon von Komorzynsky, 1970
* George London, 1970
* Alfred Uhl, 1970
* Erich Marckhl, 1971
* Manuel Capdevila, 1971
* Norbert Sprongl, 1971
* Henryk Szeryng, 1971
* Erich Valentin, 1971
* Claudio Abbado, 1973
* Friedrich Gehmacher, 1973
* Alexander Weinmann, 1973
* Fritz Heindl, 1974
* Walter Senn, 1974
* Otto Strasser, 1974
* Hans Zwölfer, 1974
* Amadeus Quartet, 1975
* Karl Pfannhauser, 1975
* Keisei Sakka, 1975
* Recipients Mozart Medal – Deutschordenshof, Vienna
* Recipients Mozart Medal II – Deutschordenshof, Vienna
# Yuzu koshō

Yuzu koshō (柚子胡椒, also yuzu goshō) is a type of Japanese seasoning. It is a paste made from chili peppers, yuzu peel and salt, which is then allowed to ferment. It is usually used as a condiment for nabemono dishes, miso soup, and sashimi. The most famous types of yuzu koshō come from Kyushu, where it is a local specialty.

## Characteristics

The last pair of kanji in the name, koshō (胡椒), normally refers to black pepper; in the Kyushu dialects, however, they refer to chili peppers. Normally green chili peppers are used, but some versions use red peppers. Yuzu koshō made from green chilis is green, while using red chilis yields an orange paste.
Yuzu koshō is described as being mildly spicy with acidic tones from the citrus fruit.

## History

There are theories that yuzu koshō was originally made in Hita, Ōita Prefecture and in Soeda, Fukuoka Prefecture.
One theory holds that several villages in Hita were the centers where yuzu cultivation became popular, and where yuzu koshō had been made by families for a long time. Another holds that a garden in Mount Hiko, a mountain located between Fukuoka and Oita and one of the three sacred mountains of Japan, has a yuzu tree where yamabushi first created yuzu koshō. The process has been passed down through the generations of yamabushi.

### Popularity

Originally yuzu koshō was made by families, but mass-produced versions showed up on the market. It grew in popularity after being offered as a souvenir in the hot spring town of Yufuin Onsen. It grew even more in popularity when Fundokin (フンドーキン), a major producer of shoyu and miso in Kyushu, began making yuzu koshō. Recently it has become available in supermarkets in the Kanto region. In recent years, major producers like House Foods, S & B Foods, McCormick & Company, and Lion have started selling it. A version of yuzu koshō in a tube has appeared on the market. Tankan koshō is a similar product using the more orange-like citrus tankan.

## Use

Originally, yuzu koshō was used in nabemono, but it is now also found as a condiment for tsukune, udon, miso, sashimi, tempura, and yakitori. Since becoming generally available throughout Japan, it is also used in spaghetti, salads, tonkatsu, ramen, and shumai.
Large-scale manufacturers have also started using the flavoring in their products. Calbee makes snack foods such as potato chips that are flavored as yuzu koshō, but they are found in only certain locations. Ezaki Glico makes Pretz with the flavoring, and Meiji makes a curly corn chip that is sold only in Kyushu. Kameda makes fried mochi chips and senbei as well. However, as snacks must not have any moisture in them, the flavoring is created by combining yuzu powder and chili powder, and real yuzu koshō is not used. In Kyushu, Kit Kats with yuzu koshō flavor are sold.
# CITE-FM-1

CITE-FM-1 is a French-language radio station located in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Owned and operated by Bell Media, it broadcasts on 102.7 MHz with an effective radiated power of 92,000 watts (class C1) using an omnidirectional antenna on Mount Orford. This gives the station an impressive coverage area, as far west as Montreal, and as far south as St. Johnsbury, Vermont and Littleton, New Hampshire. However, it suffers from severe deficiencies in downtown Sherbrooke, most likely due to tall buildings blocking its signal in some areas. As a result, the station also operates a low-power relay in Sherbrooke, CITE-FM-2, which broadcasts on 94.5 MHz with an effective radiated power of 50 watts, also using an omnidirectional antenna.
The station has an adult contemporary format, and is part of the "Rouge FM" (formerly "RockDétente") network which operates across Quebec and Eastern Ontario.
Although the station's call sign suggests it is a relay of CITE-FM in Montreal, it is not actually a relay and programs from Montreal are not more common than on other Rouge FM stations (which have independent call signs). The reason for this irregular call sign is unclear. There is no known record among CRTC decisions suggesting that CITE-FM-1 was ever a full-time relay of CITE-FM in Montreal, or that the proportion of programming coming from Montreal was ever higher than for other Rouge FM stations. However, the station's signal reaches into the Montreal area, and anecdotal observations suggest that a modest but still noticeable number of Montreal-area listeners listen to it rather than CITE-FM. Since it is highly plausible that some of these listeners report ambiguously their listening in BBM diaries, as a result their listening to the Sherbrooke station would be assigned as per BBM rules to the Montreal station, which may explain the Sherbrooke station's unusual call sign.
CITE-FM-1 started as CHLT-FM in 1960, as it was created as a sister station to CHLT AM (now known as CKOY-FM, which previously used the CHLT-FM calls after its move from AM to FM), also in Sherbrooke. Since early 2005, they are no longer sister stations, as CKOY-FM is now owned by Cogeco. CITE-FM-1 was briefly known as CITE-FM in 1977, just before CITE-FM in Montreal started to broadcast.
On August 28, 1976, CHLT-FM became CITE-FM.
On August 18, 2011, at 4:00 p.m. EDT, all "RockDétente" stations, including CITE-FM-1, rebranded as Rouge FM. The last song under "RockDétente" was "Pour que tu m'aimes encore" by Celine Dion, followed by a tribute of the branding. The first song under "Rouge" was "I Gotta Feeling" by Black Eyed Peas.
# Marciel

Marciel is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Marciel Rodger Back (born 1982), Brazilian footballer
* Marciel Silva da Silva (born 1995), Brazilian footballer
* Scot Marciel (born 1958), American diplomat
# Ten Minutes to Live

Ten Minutes to Live is a 1932 American pre-Code film directed by Oscar Micheaux and starring Lawrence Chenault, A. B. DeComathiere, Laura Bowman, and Willor Lee Guilford. One of the characters is deaf and much of the dialogue was dubbed offscreen. The film is part of the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.

## Plot summary

A producer offers a nightclub singer a role in his latest film, but all he really wants to do is have sex with her. She knows, but accepts anyway. Meanwhile, a patron at the club gets a note saying that she will soon get another note, and that she will be killed ten minutes after that.

## Cast

* Lawrence Chenault as Gary Martin
* A. B. DeComathiere as Anthony
* Laura Bowman as Ida Morton
* Willor Lee Guilford as Letha Watkins
* Tressie Mitchell as Charlotte Evans
* Mabel Garrett as Ida Groves
* Carl Mahon as Martin
* Galle De Gaston as Galle
* George Williams as George
* Lorenzo Tucker as The Godfather
* William A. Clayton Jr. as Morvis
* Donald Heywood as Master of Ceremonies
* Arnold Wiley as Tap Dancer
# WVCW

WVCW may refer to:
* WVCW (FM) (99.5 FM), formerly known as WJBR-FM, a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Wilmington, Delaware
* WVCW (Virginia Commonwealth University), a radio station at Virginia Commonwealth University, formerly on FM and now online-only
# Master of the Lübeck Bible

Master of the Lübeck Bible (fl. c. 1485 – c. 1520) was a Flemish manuscript illuminator and printmaker. He is named for a series of woodcuts designed for a Bible printed at Lübeck, Germany in 1494. He has long been known as a contributor to several early printed books; only recently, however, has their style been associated to certain illuminated manuscripts. Relatively few illuminations have been ascribed to the Master. Those that have been share an almost frenetic sense of movement, combined with a distorted quality, that distinguishes his printed output. His figures have oddly elongated faces, while the spaces they inhabit have conversely been strangely foreshortened. The Master's city of origin is unknown; his close association with the Master of James IV of Scotland, who is thought to have been active in Ghent, may indicate that his base of operations was that city.
# Dr Growse's House

Dr Growse's House is located on Stirling Terrace in Toodyay, Western Australia and was constructed in the early 1860s, possibly with convict labour.
Arthur Edwardes Growse was the medical officer at Toodyay from 1856 to 1872 and again from 1876 until his death in 1877. In 1884 William Mayhew moved into the house, and renovated and added the downstairs verandah. In 1902 the Sisters of Mercy purchased the house, having built a convent school on adjacent land. The infant school and music room were located in the building.
The building, also known as "The Ship", has been extended and adapted as requirements have changed. It is a two-storey brick and render structure. It has an enclosed verandah on the first floor with timber lattice panels. It has a corrugated iron roof with a bullnose verandah roof, and timber framed sash windows.
# Mozart Mimms

Mozart Mimms (April 30, 1918-March 18, 2023) was a Canadian-American trade unionist.
Born in 1918 in Allensville, Kentucky, he was the youngest of 8 children. His parents were tobacco farmers and his grandparents had been held in slavery. He grew up in segregated Kentucky and spent four years in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he earned a degree from Tennessee State University.
Mimms emigrated to British Columbia and began working in Vancouver in 1952 as a sleeping car porter with the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mimms spent decades as a leader in the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, including the union's president. As of 2020, he was living at Royal City Manor Long Term Care in New Westminster. In 2022, at the age of 104, Unifor honoured Mimms at their annual convention with the Neil Reimer Award. He died in March 2023.
# Vännäsberget

Vännäsberget is a village situated in Överkalix Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden with 207 inhabitants in 2005.
# Lynden, Ontario

Lynden is a community within Flamborough, which is itself part of the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

## History

In 1843, the village was originally called VanSickle after local miller Benony VanSickle. In 1853, Jeremiah Bishop renamed the community after Lyndon, Vermont.

## Notable people

* Birthplace of NHL Hall of Famer, Red Horner.
* David Forsyth, considered to be the Father of Canadian Soccer was brought to Lynden from Scotland at the age of one in 1853. He attended school in Lynden, then in the Spring of 1865 he entered Dundas High School. Later he went on to attend Galt Collegiate Institute and the University of Toronto. He formed the Western Football (Soccer) Association in Berlin, Ontario in 1880, one of the oldest soccer associations in the world.
* Steve Ihnat, actor and movie director, although born in Czechoslovakia, attended Lynden Public School from the age of 5.

## Local Schools

Lynden School (originally Lynden Public and Continuation School, 1924)Rockton elementary school is now the closest one too lynden.
# The Soldier's Song (novel)

The Soldier's Song is the debut novel from Alan Monaghan and the first in the Soldier's Song Trilogy.
Set during World War I, the novel follows the fortunes of Stephen Ryan, a gifted young maths scholar, as he enlists in the British army and leaves his native Ireland to fight in Europe. He finds his loyalties tested, however, when he returns from the front in 1916 to find Ireland in the midst of an uprising. The harsh realities of war combined with the strain of having to reflect on his own identity and allegiances take their toll as Stephen is pushed ever closer to his breaking point.

## Reception

The novel was positively received upon its release and gained, for its author, a nomination at the 2010 Irish Book Awards for best newcomer. It has also been longlisted for the 2010/2011 Waverton Good Read Award.
# Asperula arvensis

Asperula arvensis, known as blue woodruff, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It belongs to the genus Asperula. It is native to most of Europe plus Algeria, Morocco, and southwest Asia from Turkey to Kyrgyzstan.
# Wacław Kowalski

Wacław Kowalski (2 May 1916 – 27 October 1990) was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than eighty films from 1947 to 1983.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title |
| 1961 | Ogniomistrz Kaleń |
| 1962 | The Two Who Stole the Moon |
| 1967 | Sami swoi |
| 1970 | How I Unleashed World War II |
| 1974 | Take It Easy |
| 1977 | Kochaj albo rzuć |
# 2004 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump

The women's triple jump event at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics was held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo on July 14.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| | Yamilé Aldama | Sudan | 14.90 | |
| | Kéné Ndoye | Senegal | 14.44 | |
| | Mariette Mien | Burkina Faso | 12.61 | |
| 4 | Telma Cossa | Mozambique | 11.85 | NR |
| 5 | Goma Bondzo | Republic of the Congo | 11.42 | |
# Lough O'Flynn

Lough O'Flynn (Irish: Loch Uí Fhloinn) is a freshwater lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west County Roscommon and is the source of the River Suck.

## Name

The name is from the Gaelic Irish tribe of the Ó Floinn, who ruled the region known as Síol Maelruain in the Middle Ages. The tribe was one of the main families in Kiltullagh parish.

## Geography

Lough O'Flynn measures about 2 km (1.2 mi) long and 1 km (0.6 mi) wide. It is located about 10 km (6 mi) east of Ballyhaunis, just north of the village of Ballinlough and is the source of the River Suck. There is an artificial island known as a crannog in the lake; this is believed to date back to the Medieval period, when it would have been used as a place of safety to retreat to when under attack. There are marked trails along bog tracks leading around the lake, with views of the lake and river as well as surrounding areas of bog scrub, coniferous woodland and open peatland.

## Natural history

Fish species in Lough O'Flynn include roach, perch, brown trout, pike and the critically endangered European eel. Beside the lake is a raised bog, the Carrowbehy/Caher Bog, a Special Area of Conservation. Active raised bogs have a high percentage of sphagnum moss and new peat is being formed; in this case, there are hummocks and extensive quaking areas and many large steep-sided pools intersecting with each other. Besides the moss, typical plants are bogbean, cotton grass, bog sedge, white beak sedge and lesser bladderwort. On more degraded parts where peat removal has happened in the past, heather, bog asphodel, hare’s-tail cottongrass, deergrass and cross-leaved heath are to be found.