OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Molineux

William Molineux (c. 1713 – October 22, 1774) was a hardware merchant in colonial Boston of Irish descent best known for his role in the Boston Tea Party of 1773 and earlier political protests.
Molineux was unusual among the Boston Radical Whigs in having been born in England and emigrating to Massachusetts. He was also not part of the province's Congregationalist orthodoxy, attending an Anglican church and reportedly dabbling with deist views. Insurance records show that Molineux broke British trade laws in his business by sending ships to the Dutch Republic, so he might have been motivated to join the radical cause by increased customs duties and enforcement in the 1760s. Colleagues like John Adams described him as a volatile man.
Molineux rose to prominence leading committees and crowds in demonstrations against the Townshend Acts, seizures by customs officers, and the stationing of British troops in Boston. He also organized a public works effort to employ the town's poor at spinning and weaving linen. With Doctor Thomas Young he was one of the most radical among the genteel Whig organizers who sought to steer public demonstrations in Boston after 1765. On January 18, 1770, he advocated a march on acting governor Thomas Hutchinson's mansion despite warnings that such an act against the king's representative was tantamount to treason, and reportedly threatened to kill himself if his colleagues did not agree.
Molineux was the only top Whig organizer not in Old South Meeting House on the night of the Tea Party, meaning he was probably at the dock observing the destruction of the tea. In 1774, he set an example by refusing jury duty under royal judges and may have helped to gather field artillery for the province. However, in late October, he suddenly became ill, and on October 22 he died, reportedly saying, "O save my Country, Heaven."
Conflicting rumors circulated. The working-class Whigs who followed Molineux suggested he had been poisoned by British army officers. Friends of the royal government said he had committed suicide after being caught embezzling for the linen project from a New York merchant whose affairs he represented. His estate was in debt to that man, but Molineux may have died of entirely natural causes.
Because Molineux died before the American Revolutionary War began, and because some of his colleagues were uncomfortable with his radical methods, he was largely omitted in histories of America's independence. In fact, his name was preserved most prominently in a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne titled "My Kinsman, Major Molineux," set in the 1740s, in which the title character is a victim, not a leader, of a Boston crowd. Molineux's home on Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts was torn down to make room for the Massachusetts State House.
He is a featured character in the 2012 video game, Assassin's Creed III.
# MW08

Thales Naval Nederland (formerly Signaal) MW08 is a G-band passive electronically scanned array target indication 3D radar, part of the 3D multibeam 'SMART' (Signal Multibeam Acquisition Radar for Tracking) family which includes E/F band (former S band) SMART-S/SMART-S Mk2 and D band (former L-band) SMART-L.

## Design

MW08 transmits six 2 by 12 degree stacked beams up to 70 degrees for height finding and is capable of fully automatic detection and tracking (ADT). The radar also directs gunfire against surface targets by 3 Track-While-Scan surface windows with splash plotting capability, but does not provide up-link commands to surface-to-air missiles in flight. In February 1996 Jane's International Defence Review reported that the radar was no longer offered to new customers due to Thales Group's product rationalization policy favoring MRR 3D radar developed by Thales France, formerly Thomson-CSF. However the policy has been quietly reversed.

## Users

MW08 is installed on the following ship classes.
* South Korea: 3 Gwanggaeto the Great-class destroyer, 4+2 Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin-class destroyer, 1 Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship
* Greece: 4 Hydra class frigates, 7 Roussen Class FACM
* Portugal: 3 Vasco da Gama-class frigate
* Turkey: 7 Kilic class fast attack craft
* Oman: 2 Qahir class corvettes
* Indonesia: 4 Sigma class corvettes
# Dinstein

Dinstein is a surname. People with the surname include:
* Yoram Dinstein (1936–2024), Israeli legal scholar
* Zvi Dinstein (1926–2012), Israeli civil servant and politician
# GNM

* Games 'n' Music
* Gaussian network model
* Gerakan Nelajan Marhaenis
* Germanisches Nationalmuseum
* GNM (API)
* German New Medicine (Germanische Neue Medizin) a pseudo scientific, anthroposophy based medical sham
* Global News Morning, A Canadian television news programme.
# Darbar Devisthan

Darbar Devisthan is a town and municipality in Gulmi District in the Lumbini Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5152 persons living in 957 individual households.
# Zetela kopua

Zetela kopua is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and found in the North Bounty Trough at depths between 1186 m and 2427m
# Mihaela Ignatova

Mihaela Ignatova is a Bulgarian mathematician who won the 2020 Sadosky Prize of the Association for Women in Mathematics for her research in mathematical analysis, and in particular in partial differential equations and fluid dynamics.

## Education

In 2004, Ignatova earned both a bachelor's degree from Sofia University and a master's degree from the University of Nantes. She earned a second master's degree from Sofia University in 2006, working under the supervision of mathematician Emil Horozov. She then completed PhD studies from University of Southern California in 2011 under the supervision of Igor Kukavica.

## Career

After working as a visiting assistant professor at the University of California, Riverside, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, and an instructor at Princeton University, she moved to Temple University as an assistant professor in 2018.
# Daoiz Uriarte

Daoiz Gerardo Uriarte Araújo (born September 24, 1956, Montevideo, Uruguay) is a lawyer, professor and Uruguayan politician member of the moderate sector Vertiente Artiguista, Frente Amplio coalition, the party which ruled Uruguay from 2005 to 2019.

## Biography

After the coup d'état took place in Uruguay on 27 June 1973, Daoiz Uriarte (then 19 years old), was, like many others left-wingers, tortured and imprisoned for more than 2 years.
After his liberation he went on to "University of the Republic" and became a lawyer in 1987. He has advised some of the most important public unions in Uruguay, and national and international human rights organisations.
It is also known for being the lawyer of former Mayor of Montevideo, Arq. Mariano Arana.
He actually serves as Vice President of Obras Sanitarias del Estado (Uruguay's state-owned water utility).
He also teaches Human Rights Law at the Uruguayan public university "University of the Republic" (Spanish: Universidad de la República, sometimes UdelaR).
# Thorium(IV) bromide

Thorium(IV) bromide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of ThBr$_4$.

## Preparation

Thorium(IV) bromide can be obtained by reacting thorium dioxide, bromine and carbon at 800~900 °C. This method produces a mixture of alpha and beta forms of thorium bromide. The pure α-form product is obtained by heating the mixture at 330~375 °C for a long time. The pure β form is obtained by heating the product to 470 °C and then rapidly cooling it in ice water.
    ThO$_2$ + 2 C + 2 Br$_2$ ⟶ ThBr$_4$ + 2 CO
Thorium(IV) bromide can also be produced by the reaction of thorium and bromine. Thorium hydroxide reacts with hydrobromic acid to crystallize hydrates from the solution.

## Properties

Thorium(IV) bromide exists in low-temperature α-type and high-temperature β-type. They are both white deliquescent solids and are easily soluble in water, ethanol and ethyl acetate. It reacts with fluorine gas under standard conditions and with chlorine or oxygen when heated. The beta form of thorium bromide is metastable at room temperature and converts to the alpha form over 10 to 12 weeks, with the conversion from alpha to beta occurring at around 420 °C. The α-type thorium(IV) bromide is an orthorhombic crystal, while the β-type thorium(IV) bromide is a tetragonal crystal with space group I4$_1$/amd. Some of its hydrates are known, and these hydrates form thorium oxybromide on heating.
# Berliner Verkehrsblätter

The Berliner Verkehrsblätter with the subtitle Informationsschrift des Arbeitskreises Berliner Nahverkehr e.V. has been published, since 1954.

## History

Berliner Verkehrsblätter was founded in 1954 by Siegfried Münzinger and Wolfgang Kramer. It was published in 1954 and 1955 under the name Der Berliner Verkehrsamateur. The aim of the journal was to record and document the modernisation in the transport sector that began with the reconstruction with new technology and new vehicles in a traffic chronicle to be updated. The information brochure has been published monthly since the beginning and began with a free, three-page and hectographed edition of 30 copies. At the beginning of the 1970s, the volume was 20 pages and the print run was over 500 copies, still written on a hand-held matrix and duplicated by hand. Since January 1972, the Verkehrsblätter have been produced in offset printing and are now also available online. Today (as of 2018), the magazine has 20 to 24 pages in DIN A4 format and is distributed by subscription or through specialist shops.

## Topics

According to the Berliner Verkehrsblätter [...], the reports cover current and historical topics: Line chronicle, fleet, tariffs, museum vehicles, technology, reviews and current short news from the areas of S-Bahn, U-Bahn, railway, tram, bus and passenger shipping. Photos and illustrations supplement the reports. The topics of issue 1/2012 include, for example: Berlin steam tram 1886-1898 and milestones at the main and cemetery railway. A series of publications supplements the publications of the Berliner Verkehrsblätter. The books include a tram line chronicle from 1945 to 1993, a chronicle of the Berlin subway and a compendium of Berlin S-Bahn stations.
In addition to its publishing activities, the Berliner Verkehrsblätter participate in exhibitions, special trips, and information events.
# Dipljapyx sardous

Dipljapyx sardous is a species of forcepstail in the family Japygidae.
# Galbiate

Galbiate (Brianzöö: Galbiàa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Lecco.
Galbiate borders the following municipalities: Annone di Brianza, Civate, Colle Brianza, Ello, Garlate, Lecco, Malgrate, Oggiono, Olginate, Pescate, Valgreghentino, Valmadrera.

## Notable people

* Renato Corti (1936–2020), cardinal and prelate of the Catholic Church
# Daniel Svärd

Daniel Svärd may refer to:
* Daniel Svärd (golfer) (born 2003), Swedish golfer
* Daniel Swärd (born 1990), Swedish footballer
# Zetela tangaroa

Zetela tangaroa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae.

## Description

Zetela tangaroa have conic-shaped shells. The length of the shell attains 5.8 mm. This species is also known to be deposit feeders.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to New Zealand and is found off the Auckland Islands at depths between 490 and 1,019 m (1,608 and 3,343 ft).
# Murasugi sum

In knot theory, a Murasugi sum is a way of combining the Seifert surfaces of two knots or links, given with embeddings in space of each knot and of a Seifert surface for each knot, to produce another Seifert surface of another knot or link. It was introduced by Kunio Murasugi, who used it to compute the genus and Alexander polynomials of certain alternating knots. When the two given Seifert surfaces have the minimum genus for their knot, the same is true for their Murasugi sum. However, the genus of non-minimal-genus Seifert surfaces does not behave as predictably under Murasugi sums.
# Dharmasiri Dassanayake

Dharmasiri Dassanayake is a Sri Lankan politician who is the current Chief Minister of the North Western Province. He was appointed to the position on 8 September 2015.
# Archdeacon of Ardagh

The Archdeacon of Ardagh was a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Anglican Diocese of Ardagh. As such he was responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy within the Diocese.
The archdeaconry can trace its history back to Joseph Magodaig who then became the Bishop of Ardagh. The Archdeaconry is now combined with that of Elphin, one of two within the United Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh

## List of archdeacons

Previous holders include:
* 1683–1696 Andrew Charlton
* 1705–1747 Thomas Taylor
* 1751–1762 Robert Hort
* 1762–1778 John Oliver
* 1778–1790 Chambre Corker
* 1805–1820 Robert Beatty
* 1820–1839 Charles Le Poer Trench, a younger son of William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty,
* 1839– Marcus Gervais Beresford, DD, PCi,
* Thomas Carson, LL.D., later Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh, 1870 –1874
* John Richard Darley DD, later Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh, 1874 –1884,
* 1874–1891 Fitzmaurice Hunt
* 1891–1896 Frederic Potterton
* 1896–1915 William Moore, later Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh, 1915–1930.
# Thorium(IV) fluoride

Thorium(IV) fluoride (ThF$_4$) is an inorganic chemical compound. It is a white hygroscopic powder which can be produced by reacting thorium with fluorine gas. At temperatures above 500 °C, it reacts with atmospheric moisture to produce ThOF$_2$.

## Uses

Despite its (mild) radioactivity, thorium fluoride is used as an antireflection material in multilayered optical coatings. It has excellent optical transparency in the range 0.35–12 μm, and its radiation is primarily due to alpha particles, which can be easily stopped by a thin cover layer of another material. However, like all alpha emitters, thorium is potentially hazardous if incorporated, which means safety should focus on reducing or eliminating this danger. In addition to its radioactivity, thorium is also a chemically toxic heavy metal.
Thorium fluoride was used in making carbon arc lamps, which provided high-intensity illumination for movie projectors and search lights.
# Budha Pushkar Halt railway station

Budha Pushkar Halt railway station is a small railway station in Ajmer district, Rajasthan, India. Its code is BPKH. It serves Pushkar city. The station consists of two platforms. The platforms are not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation.

## Major trains

Some of the important trains that run from Budha Pushkar Halt are:
* Ajmer–Pushkar Passenger
* Pushkar–Ajmer Passenger
# Ball of Roses

The Ball of Roses is a well established debutante ball in Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It is sponsored by the Ballet Guild of Birmingham and a vital fund-raiser for the Alabama Ballet.

## History

The Ball of Roses began in 1959 when the Ballet Guild of Birmingham was formed to serve as an auxiliary to the Birmingham Civic Ballet Association. The guild was organized to promote and foster development of ballet in Birmingham, as well as raise funds for its support. The founding of the Guild coincided with a local desire to re-establish the bygone days of Birmingham's debut balls.
The Ballet Guild decided to sponsor a large formal ball honoring the season's debutantes at The Country Club of Birmingham. The name "Ball of Roses" was chosen by the presidents of the Ballet Association Board of Trustees and of the Ballet Guild in 1960.
The first Ball of Roses was held in August 1961 in which eleven Birmingham debutantes were presented. The ball was so successful that the guild was encouraged to establish it as an annual event. Since then eligible young women from all over the South have been honored at the ball.

## Today

The ball follows traditions set forth at the first event. Set in a "garden-of-roses" atmosphere, each girl is presented on the arm of her father. She wears a long pastel gown with elbow-length white gloves. After the presentation and a father-daughter waltz, an evening of dancing follows.
Now in its forty-sixth year, the ball continues to benefit the Alabama Ballet, Inc. The Ballet Guild is an invitational organization of young women dedicated to supporting the ballet in Birmingham through fund raising and volunteer work. All honorees of the ball are invited to join the guild upon completion of their formal education.

## Sources

* 2006 Ball of Roses Program Guide
# Albin Owings Kuhn

Albin Owings Kuhn (January 31, 1916 – March 24, 2010) was a prominent figure in the University of Maryland system during the mid-twentieth century. He became the first chancellor of Baltimore Campuses in 1965, and is most notable for being the first chancellor of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County during its planning and early stages of operation. The main library, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery at UMBC is named after Kuhn.

## Background

Albin Owings Kuhn was born on January 31, 1916, on a 215-acre farm in Woodbine, Maryland, in Carroll County. He attended elementary and high school in nearby Lisbon, Maryland. In 1934, he attended the University of Maryland, College Park majoring in Agricultural Education. Kuhn completed his bachelor's degree in 1938, and then subsequently completed his master's degree in Agronomy and Botany from College Park.
At the University of Maryland, College Park, Kuhn began teaching agronomy in 1940. During World War II he served in the U.S. Navy. From 1940 to 1946, Kuhn served in the Pacific Ocean, training personnel for amphibious landings. Upon returning to the United States, he led the Department of Agronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park from 1948 to 1955. At the same time in 1948, he completed his Ph.D. in Plant Genetics and Physiology.

## University of Maryland administration

Albin O. Kuhn became the university executive vice president for the College Park campus in 1958, instrumenting the planning of increasing the enrollment from 10,000 to 20,000 students. In 1965, he was named Chancellor of Baltimore Campuses, which then included the University of Maryland, Baltimore, and the planning of the new campus for the University of Maryland, Baltimore County in 1966. In addition, he became the first leader of the new campus from its founding up until 1971.
# Greater fairy armadillo

The greater fairy armadillo (Calyptophractus retusus), also known as Burmeister's armadillo or the Chacoan fairy armadillo, is a species of armadillo in the family Chlamyphoridae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss and persecution. It is the only species in the genus Calyptophractus.

## Description

The greater fairy armadillo is a small species, growing to a length of from 140 to 175 millimetres (5.5 to 6.9 in) with a tail about 35 millimetres (1.4 in) long and weighing up to a kilogram (2.2 lb). Like other armadillos it has bands of armour on its dorsal (upper) surface but, in common with the pink fairy armadillo Chlamyphorus truncatus but unlike most other armadillos, these bands are fused to its pelvis and spine. They are soft in texture and are linked together with skin which gives flexibility to the body. They come to an abrupt end at the rear of the body. The ventral surface is clad in dense, woolly hair and there are some sparse hairs on the dorsal surface as well. The forefeet are scoop-shaped and have curved claws, and the hind feet have sharp claws for burrowing.

## Distribution and habitat

The greater fairy armadillo is native to the Gran Chaco region of northern Argentina, central and south-eastern Bolivia and western Paraguay. It inhabits dry grassy areas and is found only in places with light sandy soils in which it can burrow.

## Behaviour

The behaviour of the greater fairy armadillo has been little studied. It is an expert tunneller and spends most of its time in the shallow burrows that it excavates and is seldom seen above ground during the day. If disturbed, it can bury itself rapidly, and may block the entrance to its burrow with its hindermost plates. It has an omnivorous diet and feeds on worms, insect larvae, insects, snails, roots and seeds.
The breeding habits of this species are largely unknown. After mating has taken place, the fertilised egg may remain in the uterus for several months before implantation takes place. The egg may then divide and up to four embryos may develop from a single fertilised egg. The gestation period is probably about four months as in other species of armadillo. The young are precocial and can move about within a few hours of birth. Their body armour does not harden until they are a few weeks old and they are weaned about the same time. They become sexually mature at between six months and one year.

## Status

At one time the greater fairy armadillo was listed by the IUCN as "Near Threatened" because of the loss of its habitat but in 2010, its status was changed to "Data Deficient" on the grounds that the animal was insufficiently known for it to be properly evaluated. Its distribution is quite patchy and in some areas of the Guarani people, it is persecuted on sight due to a traditional belief that it is an animal of ill omen of death, or the spirit of a dead baby. However, it is present in some nature reserves and national parks where it should be undisturbed by humans.
# Wormaldia moesta

Wormaldia moesta is a species of fingernet caddisfly in the family Philopotamidae.
# Muraste Nature Reserve

Muraste Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Harju County, Estonia.
The area of the nature reserve is 141 ha.
The protected area was founded in 2005 to protect valuable habitat types and threatened species in Muraste and Suurupi village (both in Harku Parish).
# Thandeka

Thandeka is a feminine given name.
People with the name include:
* Thandeka (minister) (born 1946), American Unitarian Universalist minister and theologian
* Thandeka Mbabama (born 1956), South African politician
* Thandeka Mdeliswa (1986–2020), South African actress
* Thandeka Zulu (born 1991), South African actress and musician
# Martyn Bennett (disambiguation)

Martyn Bennett (1971–2005) was a Scottish musician.
Martyn Bennett may also refer to:
* Martyn Bennett (album), by the above artist
* Martyn Bennett (footballer) (born 1961), English footballer
# Vidiot

Vidiot was a children's/teenage television game show broadcast from 1992 to 1995 on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It was hosted by Eden Gaha for the first two series, then Scott McRae for the 1994 and 1995 seasons.
The game format was mostly a simple verbal question-and-answer, with slight variations such as timed rounds, visual aids, and audio aids. Questions were themed on popular teen culture, including chart music and recent films.
For each Monday to Thursday broadcast, three new teenage contestants battled to win a place for the Friday broadcast. A live audience, often consisting of fellow students from the contestants' schools, was present (although no schools were specified).
Vidiot was recorded in ABC's Sydney studios. On the east coast of Australia, it was broadcast at 5:30pm on weeknights.
# Harpalus hirtipes

Harpalus hirtipes is a species of ground beetle native to Europe, where it can be found in such countries as Austria, Baltic states, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and eastern and central parts of Russia. Its wearabouts in Italy and Switzerland is doubtful. It is also found in such Asian countries as Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Chinese province of Xinjiang.