OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aichi E8A

The Aichi E8A (also designated Experimental 8-Shi Reconnaissance Seaplane or Aichi AB-7) was a prototype Japanese reconnaissance floatplane of the 1930s. It was a two-seat single engined biplane built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Only two were built.

## Design and development

In 1933, the Imperial Japanese Navy issued a specification for a replacement for the Nakajima E4N shipboard reconnaissance floatplane. Aichi prepared two designs, the AM-7, a low-winged monoplane powered by a Bristol Mercury radial engine and the AB-7, a more conventional biplane, powered by a license-built Bristol Jupiter engine. The monoplane design was soon abandoned as its promised performance was little better than that of the aircraft it was meant to replace, but two examples of the AB-7 were built as the Experimental 8-Shi Reconnaissance Seaplane, or E8A under the Short System designation system.
The AB-7 was a single-bay biplane of wood and metal construction, fitted with a single main float that could be replaced be a wheeled undercarriage for operations from land. Its wings folded to the rear to allow easier storage aboard ship. The pilot sat in an open cockpit while the observer's cockpit was part-enclosed to protect him from the environment. The Aichi design was evaluated against competing aircraft from Kawanishi, the E8K, a low-winged monoplane similar to the Aichi AM-7, and Nakajima, the biplane E8N. While the E8A had similar performance to the E8N, the Nakajima biplane had superior maneuverability and handling, and was preferred to both the Nakajima and Kawanishi offerings, with over 700 E8Ns built.

## Specifications

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910–1941
General characteristics
* Crew: 2
* Length: 8.85 m (29 ft 0 in)
* Wingspan: 10.50 m (34 ft 5 in)
* Height: 3.57 m (11 ft 9 in)
* Powerplant: 1 × Nakajima Kotobuki 2-kai 1 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 430 kW (580 hp)
Armament
* Guns: 1 × fixed forward firing 7.7 mm machine gun and 1× flexibly mounted machine gun in observers cockpit
# Wendy Pepper

Anne Eustis Pepper Stewart (August 23, 1964 – November 12, 2017), known as Wendy Pepper, was a fashion designer who appeared on the first season of the reality television show Project Runway, which aired on Bravo from December 2004 through February 2005. She was also a contestant on the second season of Project Runway All Stars.

## Early life and education

Pepper was born in Dayton, Ohio and lived in the town of Middleburg, Virginia. She graduated from The Madeira School in 1982 and then attended the University of Washington in Seattle, earning a degree in anthropology. While in college, Pepper studied abroad in Nepal and began to sew carpets with local Nepali women. This sparked her interest in design and working with fabric. She returned home and continued to learn more about textiles, fabric-painting, and quilting.

## Project Runway
### Runway clothes

Pepper won two of the challenges, with her design for the Banana Republic challenge and the Grammy dress for Nancy O'Dell. Her win in the Banana Republic challenge allowed her dress to be sold in select Banana Republic stores in the United States as well as online. Her dress sold out within three hours online and within two days in stores. As a result of her win in the Grammy dress challenge, O'Dell wore an altered version of Pepper's dress to the 2005 Grammy Awards, despite some expressed reservations from the judges. She also had noticeable failures, including her outfit for the Innovation challenge and her dress for the Envy challenge.

### Fashion Week

As a finalist on Project Runway, Pepper was given the opportunity to display her "Thrill of the Hunt" fashion collection to a large audience at New York Fashion Week. She stated it was the second most important day of her life after the birth of her daughter. She came in third in the final competition, with Jay McCarroll winning.

## Post-Runway activities

After Project Runway, Pepper opened her own store in Middleburg, Virginia and continued to work with individual clients. Soon after the show ended, Wendy and her second husband (Robert Downing) separated. She told the New York Post that her experience on television had changed her and "it was difficult for my husband to sort of come along for that step."
Pepper continued to garner media attention. She appeared on the front page of The Georgetowner magazine in Washington, D.C., in the New York Post, The Washington Post, Loudoun Magazine, Middleburg Eccentric, and Factio. She took part in two other Bravo television shows: Celebrity Poker Showdown and Battle of the Network Reality Stars. She also took part in the interview process for contestants for season two of Project Runway. She had a brief cameo appearance in Bravo's Project Jay, an hour-long documentary on the winner of the first season of Project Runway.
Pepper showed her debut line, outside of Project Runway, on April 11, 2006 in Washington, D.C. Her ready-to-wear line was shown at the 2007 Cleveland Fashion Week in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Death

Pepper died on November 12, 2017, aged 53, in Washington D.C. The cause of death was complications of pneumonia after battling cancer for several months.
# T. K. Siraimeetan

T. S. Siraimeetan was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Paramakudi constituency in the 1967 and 1971 elections.
# Valenzuela subflavus

Valenzuela subflavus is a species of lizard barklouse in the family Caeciliusidae. It is found in North America.
# Weed, Arkansas

Weed is an unincorporated community in Poinsett County, Arkansas, United States. Weed is located on the north bank of the St. Francis River and the BNSF Railway near the northwest border of Marked Tree.
# William Jones (Australian convict)

William Frederick Jones (1827 – 16 February 1871) was a convict transported to Western Australia, and later became one of the colony's ex-convict school teachers.
Born in 1827, Jones was the mate on a trading ship in his youth. He eventually qualified as a ship's master, but in March 1856 he arrived in Western Australia on board the William Hammond, having been transported for fifteen years for uttering a forged bank note. After receiving his ticket of leave, he was appointed a school teacher at Picton. He taught there from 1859 to 1870. In April 1861 he married an Irish immigrant girl named Rose Ann Breen. He resigned in 1870, and died in Bunbury a year later.
# Valentina Iliffe

Valentina Iliffe (born 17 February 1956 in Sydney, Australia) is a British former alpine skier who competed in the 1972 Winter Olympics, in the 1976 Winter Olympics, and in the 1980 Winter Olympics.
# T Boötis

T Boötis is believed to have been a nova. It was observed by only one person, Joseph Baxendell on 9, 11 and 22 April 1860, but has not been seen since. It is located less than half a degree from Arcturus in the constellation Boötes and was at magnitude 9.75 when first seen, and magnitude 12.8 when last seen. Other astronomers, including Friedrich Winnecke, Edward Charles Pickering, Ernst Hartwig and Ernst Zinner looked for a star in this location without success.
Despite being usually referred to as a nova, it had characteristics that set it apart from other novae - an amplitude of at least 7 magnitudes, an unusually rapid decline in brightness and a location unusually far from the Galactic plane. Joseph Ashbrook suggested in 1953 that it may be a recurrent nova which has been observed only once.
# William L. Frierson

William Little Frierson (September 3, 1868 – May 25, 1953) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. During his career he served as the United States Solicitor General (1920–1921), United States Assistant Attorney General (1917–1920), and mayor of Chattanooga, Tennessee (1905–1907).

## Biography

Frierson was born on September 3, 1868, in Shelbyville, Tennessee to Robert Payne and Mary (Little) Frierson. He graduated in 1887 from Southwestern Presbyterian University in Clarksville, Tennessee (now Rhodes College. In 1929, Frierson received an honorary law degree from the college in Memphis, Tennessee. He began practicing law in his hometown of Shelbyville in 1889. The following year he moved to Chattanooga, where he worked in various law firms until 1917.
Frierson held a variety of local government positions before being appointed United States Solicitor General. In 1905, Frierson was elected mayor of Chattanooga and held that position until 1907. He served as city attorney from 1912 to 1915. Subsequently, Frierson was named a special justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court in 1916. In 1917, Frierson was appointed United States Assistant Attorney General, a position he held until 1920. During his time as Assistant Attorney General, he was involved in the Hughes Aircraft Investigation, where he questioned witnesses to the production and inspection of timber for American aircraft. In June 1920, President Woodrow Wilson nominated and the Senate confirmed Frierson to be solicitor general. As SG, Frierson made persuasive arguments upholding the National Prohibition Act of 1919, which enforced the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution dealing with the prohibition of alcohol. When the question arose regarding the sale and possession of alcohol by Americans on ships, the Supreme Court agreed with his argument that no liquor could be sold on any U.S. flagged vessels.
After serving as solicitor general, Frierson returned to Chattanooga to be a member of the Williams & Frierson law firm. From 1922 to 1923, he served as president of the Tennessee State Bar Association. William married Margaret (Daniel) on April 20, 1892, with whom he had three children: Margaret Williamson, Robert Payne, and Sue Lawwill. On May 25, 1953, Frierson died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 84.
# TAFE Queensland South West

TAFE Queensland South West was formed by a merger of the Southern Queensland Institute and The Bremer Institute of TAFE on 1 July 2013. It has 11 campus locations spread around the outer western suburbs of Brisbane, further out into regional south-west Queensland and partly into Wide Bay Burnett, covering an area approximately equal to the size of France.
The process of consolidating TAFE Queensland South West and TAFE Queensland's five other regional registered training organisations (RTOs) began in 2017. TAFE Queensland South West now no longer exists as a separate RTO.

## Campus locations

* Ipswich
* Toowoomba
* Charleville
* Chinchilla
* Dalby
* Inala
* Kingaroy
* Nurunderi
* Roma
* Springfield
* Warwick
# Valliculture

Valliculture is an ancient fish culture practice that originated in the Mediterranean region namely the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts. People exploit the seasonal migrations of some fish species from the sea into the lagoons by preventing the fish from returning to the sea. The term now applies to fish culture in coastal lagoons or brackish water bodies based on seasonal migrations of fish. The ancient practice of valliculture is not as prominent as before; however, modern aquaculture heavily relies on the venerable principles of the system.

## History

In the 1st century BC, Italy became the pioneer region of fish farming practices. These practices gave rise to valliculture in the 12 century in the Venetian lagoon. The word valliculture comes from the Latin word "valim" meaning embankment, wall, or mound. This method of fish farming incorporates the use of natural and man-made enclosures to capture fish that have migrated with the natural lagoon currents of the Adriatic Sea right off the coast of Italy. The first forms of these entrapments were made of reed, however, as time has passed the enclosures have evolved into being man-made with natural materials such as rocks, mud, wood, and vegetation. These materials prove to be airtight and are able to achieve complete isolation.
The practice of valliculture requires fish at different life stages to be processed differently. To suit these needs new areas with enclosures were soon added to the system. These areas include space for younger fish to adapt to the environment of the lagoon enclosure, waterways for fish that are in their winter rest, and a system that allows the farmers to catch the well establish adult fish. These lagoons have access to a freshwater supply and a salt water supply.

## Conditions

The enclosures for fish fry, called rearing ponds, are typically around 80 cm deep. However, the enclosures used for fishing and wintering are 2 to 4 feet deep. The first lagoons developed in valliculture have water that flows in from the sea. This causes the temperature and salinity of the water to vary drastically. These conditions can only support species that can tolerate different levels of salinity, euryhaline, and species that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, eurythermal.
The fish are fed a combination of pre-manufactured dry and wet food. Dry food is used for the fattening process in which the fish are slightly overfed to prepare them for commercial sale. The amount of food given to the fish is determined by the size of the fish and the temperature of the water. The fish are fed 4 to 5 times per day. The appetency of the food must also be checked because population decreases can serve as a result of poor quality food.
# William Kirk

William Kirk may refer to:
* William Arthur Kirk, American mathematician
* William Astor Kirk, (1922–2011), American civil rights activist and author
* William F. Kirk, (1877–1927), American baseball writer and poet
* Billy Kirk, rugby league footballer of the 1930s for England, and Warrington
* William Kirk (cricketer), (1866–1904), English cricketer
* William L. Kirk, (1932–2017), American air force officer
* William Umpleby Kirk, (1843–1928), photographer
* Bill Kirk (1934–2009), American baseball player
* William Kirk (MP), (1795–1870), Member of the UK Parliament for Newry
* William Kirke, MP for Clitheroe
* Will Kirk, Furniture restorer The Repair Shop
# Weigand

Weigand is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrea Weigand (born 1977), Canadian lawn bowler
* Andreas Weigand (born 1945), American sprint canoeist
* Bill Weigand (1928–2021), Canadian politician
* Geoff Weigand (born 1964), Australian rock climber
* Günter Weigand (1924–2003), German economist
* Gustav Weigand (1860–1930), German linguist
* Peter Weigand (1941–2011), American sprint canoeist
* Wilhelm Weigand (1862–1949), German poet and writer
* William Weigand (born 1937), American Roman Catholic bishop
# Weifu Fangkai Cup

The Weifu Fangkai Cup (Chinese: 威孚房开杯棋王争霸赛; pinyin: Wēifú Fángkāi Bēi Qíwáng Zhēngbàsài), also sometimes known as the Qiwang (not to be confused with the defunct Qiwang), is a Go competition in China.

## Outline

The tournament is sponsored by the Wuxi people government. The tournament began in 2003.

## Past winners and runners-up

| No. | Year | Winner | Runner-up |
| 1 | 2003 | Nie Weiping | Yu Bin |
| 2 | 2004 | Kong Jie | Zhou Heyang |
| 3 | 2007 | Hu Yaoyu | Ma Xiaochun |
| 4 | 2008 | Zhou Ruiyang | Li Kang |
| 5 | 2009 | Kong Jie | Chen Yaoye |
| 6 | 2010 | Gu Lingyi | Peng Liyao |
| 7 | 2011 | Tan Xiao | Wang Lei [zh] |
| 8 | 2012 | Peng Liyao | Fan Tingyu |
| 9 | 2013 | Yang Dingxin | Zhou Ruiyang |
| 10 | 2014 | Shi Yue | Jiang Weijie |
| 11 | 2015 | Ke Jie | Fan Yunruo |
| 12 | 2016 | Huang Yunsong | Mi Yuting |
| 13 | 2017 | Fan Yin | Zhang Tao |
| 14 | 2018 | Gu Zihao | Liao Yuanhe |
| 15 | 2019 | Fan Tingyu | Mi Yuting |
| 16 | 2022 | Mi Yuting | Yang Kaiwen |
| 17 | 2024 | Li Qincheng | Xie Ke |
# Airlie

Airlie may refer to:

## Places
### In Canada

* Airlie, Ontario, Canada

### In Scotland

* Airlie, Angus
* Airlie Castle

### In the United States

* Airlie, Oregon
* Airlie, Minnesota
* Airlie, Virginia

## People

* Airlie (surname)
* Earl of Airlie, in the Peerage of Scotland

## Other uses

* Airlie, South Yarra, Melbourne, Australia, a historic house
* Airlie Beach, an inhabited place in Queensland, Australia
* Airlie (Natchez), a historic house in Natchez, Mississippi, United States
# William Lamont

William Lamont may refer to:
* William C. Lamont (1827–?), American lawyer and politician from New York
* William T. Lamont (1830–1908), American merchant and politician from New York
* William M. Lamont (1934-2018), English historian
* Bill Lamont (1926–1996), Scottish footballer
* Billy Lamont (born 1936), Scottish footballer and manager
# William Shepherd (disambiguation)

William Shepherd (born 1949) is an American astronaut, commander of the Expedition One crew on the International Space Station.
William Shepherd may also refer to:
* William Shepherd (British politician) (1910–2002), British Conservative MP, 1945–1966
* William Shepherd (English cricketer) (1840–1919), English cricketer
* William Shepherd (Trinidadian cricketer) (1873-1955), Trinidadian cricketer
* William Robert Shepherd (1871–1934), U.S. cartographer and historian
* William Shepherd (Massachusetts politician) (1837–1907), Massachusetts politician
* Bill Shepherd (American football) (1911–1967), American football player
* Billy Shepherd (basketball) (born 1949), American basketball player
* Bill Shepherd (English footballer) (1920–1983), English footballer for Liverpool F.C.
* Bill Shepherd (politician), chairman of the Northland Regional Council, New Zealand
* William Shepherd (minister) (1768–1847), English dissenting minister and politician
* William James Affleck Shepherd (1866–1946), English illustrator and cartoonist
* Billy Shepherd, pseudonym of Peter Jones (1930–2015), British music journalist
* Billy Shepherd (footballer) (1894–1936), English footballer
# TV3 Toy Show

TV3 Toy Show was a special one-off programme that aired annually on Ireland's TV3 near the end of November or early-December. The TV3 Toy Show prominently featured the popular toys of the year that were showcased before the oncoming Holiday season by the presenters and demonstrated by various children on-stage, along with appearances by celebrity guests. The show was hosted by different presenters each year, and was a direct competitor to RTÉ One's The Late Late Toy Show. The final episode of the series was broadcast in November 2016.

## Origin

In the mid-2000s TV3's morning show, Ireland AM, began an annual Toy Show special the morning of the Late Late Toy Show, which airs on rival channel RTÉ One. It was largely presented by Ireland AM regular Alan Hughes.

## History

In 2013 TV3 decided to produce their own prime time version of The Toy Show. The first edition was called The Christmas Toy Show. It was presented by Ireland AM presenter Alan Hughes. Airing from 8pm to 10pm the show clashed with RTÉ's Late Late Toy Show for half an hour. The first edition had 352,000 viewers.
In 2014 TV3 decided to give the presenting role to a different person. Announcing that Xpose regular Karen Koster & former Westlife boy band member Brian McFadden would present the show. This edition was called the Showpal Toy Show, and was used to promote TV3's new Showpal app. The show aired one week before The Late Late Toy Show and had 472,100 viewers. It was presented from the RDS in Dublin.
In 2015 the series returned to TV3 studios. This time it was presented by the Rose of Tralee 2014 Maria Walsh and presenter Brian Ormond. Again, the show aired a week before rival show The Late Late Toy Show. It had just 264,000 viewers.
In 2016 the show was presented by Lucy Kennedy and Dustin the Turkey. It was also shown on 2 December at 8pm, the same day as the Late Late Toy Show.
# William Robinson (footballer, born 1880)

William Samuel Robinson (1880–1926) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Hull City and Manchester City.
# William Robinson (cricketer, born 1847)

William Wills Robinson (17 June 1847 – 14 September 1929) was an English-born New Zealand cricketer. He played 12 first-class matches for Auckland between 1873 and 1885.
Robinson was educated at Epsom College in England before moving to New Zealand, where he lived from about 1868 to 1889. A tall man with a curly black beard, he was a slow left-arm bowler, "a free bat and a great fighter", and an outstanding captain. He captained Auckland in all 12 of his matches. Leading them on their southern tour in late 1873, when they played their first first-class matches, he took 20 wickets at an average of 7.30, and they won all three matches. He had a sporting goods store in Auckland before returning to England in 1889.
Robinson was also one of the pioneers of rugby football in New Zealand, helping to establish the game in Auckland soon after his arrival in New Zealand in about 1868. In 1905, after he returned to England to live in Wellingborough, he wrote a series of articles on the early history of rugby in New Zealand for The Pall Mall Gazette. He coached the boys at Wellingborough School for more than 30 years.
# William Robinson (inventor)

William Robinson (November 22, 1840 – January 2, 1921) was an American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and businessman. He invented the first track circuit used in railway signaling, a major development that improved railroad safety and efficiency.

## Early life and education

William Robinson was born in Ireland on November 22, 1840.$^{:59}$ He came to the United States as a boy and lived in Brooklyn, New York for much of his adult life.
He received his B.A. degree in 1865 and his M.A. degree in 1868 from Wesleyan University. He received a Ph.D. in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering from Boston University in 1907.

## Railway signaling inventions

Robinson began developing an automatic block signal system for railroads in 1867. His first system was installed on the Philadelphia and Erie Railroad in 1870.$^{:2}$ He received multiple patents for railway signaling inventions:
* 1870: automatic electrical and electrically controlled fluid pressure signal systems (U.S.)
* 1871: automatic electro-pneumatic electric signal systems (U.K.)
* 1872: closed track circuit system (U.S. and France).$^{:59–63}$
Robinson's invention of the closed track circuit, often referred to as "failsafe" due to its ability to reliably detect abnormalities such as broken wiring or a broken rail, was one of the key developments in railway safety, and paved the way for trustworthy railway signaling. The failsafe track circuit remains in widespread use.
He established the Robinson Electric Railway Signal Company in 1873 and during the 1870s his signal systems were installed on railroads throughout the United States. He lived in Boston in the mid-1870s and supervised installation of his systems on the Boston and Lowell Railroad, the Boston and Providence Railroad, and other roads in the region. He organized the Union Electric Signal Company in 1878. This company, holding valuable patents on track circuit designs, was acquired by the newly formed Union Switch and Signal (US&S) in 1881.$^{:63}$

## Other inventions

Following the sale of Union Electric Signal to US&S, Robinson turned his attention to other fields, particularly mechanical inventions. His other significant inventions included:
* the Robinson radial car truck
* the first coaster brake used on bicycles
* roller bearing skates, and
* a repeating telephone.$^{:59}$
William Robinson was the author of History of Automatic Electric and Electrically Controlled Fluid Pressure Signal Systems for Railroads (1906).

## Professional recognition

Robinson was a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,$^{:50}$ and an esteemed member of the Signal Section of the American Railway Association.
Robinson died on January 2, 1921, in Brooklyn.$^{:59}$