OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History journal

A history journal is an academic serial publication designed to present new scholarship on a historical subject, usually a subfield of history, with articles generally being subjected to peer review.

## History and development

The historical journal, a forum where academic historians could exchange ideas and publish newly discovered information, came into being in the 19th century. The early journals were similar to those for the physical sciences, and were seen as a means for history to become more professional. Journals also helped historians to establish various historiographical approaches, the most notable example of which was Annales. Économies. Sociétés. Civilisations., a publication instrumental in establishing the Annales School.
Some historical journals are as follows:
* 1839 Messager des sciences historiques (Belgium)
* 1840 Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)
* 1859 Historische Zeitschrift (Germany)
* 1866 Archivum historicum, later Historiallinen arkisto (Finland, published in Finnish)
* 1867 Századok (Hungary)
* 1871 Historisk Tidsskrift (Norway)
* 1876 Revue Historique (France)
* 1881 Historisk tidskrift (Sweden)
* 1886 English Historical Review (UK)
* 1895 American Historical Review (USA)
* 1912 History
* 1914 Mississippi Valley Historical Review (renamed in 1964 the Journal of American History) (USA)
* 1916 The Journal of Negro History
* 1916 Historisk Tidskrift för Finland (Finland, published in Swedish)
* 1918 Hispanic American historical review
* 1928 Scandia (Sweden)
* 1929 Annales. Économies. Sociétés. Civilisations
* 1952 Past & present: a journal of historical studies (Great Britain)
* 1953 Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (Germany)
* 1956 Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria (Nigeria)
* 1960 Journal of African History (Cambridge)
* 1960 Technology and culture: the international quarterly of the Society for the History of Technology (USA)
* 1975 Geschichte und Gesellschaft. Zeitschrift für historische Sozialwissenschaft (Germany)
* 1976 Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur (Germany)
* 1976 Journal of Family History
* 1982 Storia della Storiografia — History of Historiography — Histoire de l'Historiographie — Geschichte der Geschichtsschreibung
* 1982 Subaltern Studies (Oxford University Press)
* 1986 Zeitschrift für Sozialgeschichte des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts, new title since 2003: Sozial.Geschichte. Zeitschrift für historische Analyse des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts (Germany)
* 1990 Gender and history
* 1990 L'Homme. Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft (Austria)
* 1990 Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften (ÖZG)
* 1992 Women's History Review
* 1993 Historische Anthropologie
# 1976 in philosophy

1976 in philosophy

## Publications

* Heidegger's interview with Der Spiegel under the title Only a God Can Save Us
* Belnap, Nuel and Steel, T. The Logic of Questions and Answers. New Haven: Yale University Press.
* Bennett, Jonathan. Linguistic Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Frye, Marilyn. "On saying." American Philosophical Quarterly 13: 123–127.
* Goodman, Nelson. Languages of Art (2nd ed.), Indianapolis: Hackett.
* Harnish, Robert M. "Logical form and implicature." In: An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Ability, ed. T. G. Bever, J. J. Katz & T. Langedoen, pp. 313–92. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
* Hornsby, Jennifer. "Proper Names: A Defense of Burge." Philosophical Studies 30: 227–234.
* Loar, Brian. "The Semantics of Singular Terms." Philosophical Studies 30: 353–377.
* Newell, Allen and Simon, H. A. "Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search." Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 19: 113–126.
* Soames, Scott. A Critical Examination of Frege's Theory of Presupposition and Contemporary Alternatives. PhD thesis, MIT Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy.
* Unger, Roberto M. Law in Modern Society: Toward a Criticism of Social Theory. Free Press.

## Deaths

* February 22 - Michael Polanyi (born 1891)
# Bloodbrothers (Price novel)

Bloodbrothers is a novel by Richard Price, published in 1976. It recounts the story of an eighteen-year-old boy growing up in a working-class environment. It was adapted into a film of the same title in 1978.

## Critical reception

New York wrote that "Price intensifies the themes of The Wanderers—the end of adolescent freedom, the cruelty of parents who despise what they’ve become and take it out on their kids, the paralyzing fear that comes with choosing a future among meager options." Kirkus Reviews wrote that "although the characters draw their only life from the frenetic, stabbing speechways echoing down Price's mean streets, this does not diminish the validity or impact of men on the march to nowhere."
# Bordelon

Bordelon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Gerald Bordelon (1962–2010), American convicted murderer
* Guy Bordelon (1922–2002), Korean War flying ace
* Ken Bordelon (born 1954), American football player
* Melinda Bordelon (1949–1995), American painter and illustrator
* William J. Bordelon (1920–1943), US Marine and recipient of the Medal of Honor
** USS Bordelon, the ship named for him
# Tulipa serbica

Tulipa serbica is a species of tulip native to southeastern Serbia and northern Kosovo. It is closely related to Tulipa scardica but displays certain morphological differences in the perianth segments, acute anthers, and staminal filaments.
# Maria Luisa Spaziani

Maria Luisa Spaziani (21 June 1923 – 30 June 2014) was an Italian poet.

## Biography

Spaziani was born in Turin. At nineteen, she founded the review Il dado, working with collaborators such as Vasco Pratolini, Sandro Penna and Vincenzo Ciaffi. Virginia Woolf sent her a chapter of her novel The Waves, autographed to Alla piccola direttrice (To the young editor). Spaziani did not contribute her own poems, however, feeling that they were not of sufficient quality.
In the 1950s Spaziani became involved with the poet Eugenio Montale (1896–1981). Montale encouraged Spaziani to write poetry and was a significant influence in her early style. Maria Luisa Spaziani's first book of poetry, Le acque del sabato, appeared in 1954. Montale drew upon his affair with her in creating the character of la Volpe ("the Fox") in his work La bufera e altro (1956). Montale's poem "Da un lago svizzero" is an acrostic forming her name, Maria Luisa Spaziani. (Spaziani eventually published her correspondence with Montale, some eight hundred letters, in 1995.)
After travelling extensively in the late 1950s and early 1960s, in countries including the United Kingdom, Belgium, Greece, France, and the Soviet Union, Spaziani chose to settle in Rome. Starting from 1964 she taught French language and literature at the University of Messina. She published extensively, as a poet, translator, and scholar.
Spaziani was nominated thrice for the Nobel Prize for Literature; 1990, 1992 and 1997. Her poetry combines a vivid and immediate sense of the natural world with a rich appreciation of literary culture and tradition. Though echoes of past poets appear in her work, Spaziani's voice is clearly her own, sensitive and controlled.
Spaziani was the president of the Centro Internazionale Eugenio Montale, which confers the Premio Montale, a literary prize for translations and publications of Italian verse.
Spaziani died on 30 June 2014 at the age of 91.

## List of works

Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* 1954: Le acque del sabato
* 1959: Luna lombarda
* 1962: Il gong
* 1966: Utilità della memoria
* 1970: L’occhio del ciclone
* 1976: Ultrasuoni
* 1977: Transito con catene
* 1981: Geometria del disordine
* 1986: La stella del libero arbitrio
* 1990: Giovanna d'Arco
* 1992: Torri di vedata
* 1996: I fasti dell’ortica
* 1998: La traversata dell'oasi
* 1999: La radice del mare
* 1999: Un fresco castagneto
* 2000: La freccia
* 2002: Poesie dalla mano sinistra
# Neomyxine

Neomyxine is a genus of hagfish found in the Pacific Ocean around New Zealand.

## Species

Two species in this genus are recognized:
* Neomyxine biniplicata (L. R. Richardson & Jowett, 1951) (slender hagfish)
* Neomyxine caesiovitta A. L. Stewart & Zintzen, 2015 (blueband hagfish)
# Hryniewski

Hryniewski (feminine: Hryniewska) is a Polish-language surname. It was transliterated as a Russian-language surname Grinevsky. It may refer to:
* Henryk Hryniewski (1869-1937), Polish-Georgian painter, graphic artist, and illustrator
* Jerzy Hryniewski (1895-1978), Polish politician, 36th Prime Minister of Poland and 6th Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile
# Lühmannsdorf

Lühmannsdorf is a village and a former municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since May 2019, it is part of the municipality Karlsburg. The municipality Lühmannsdorf consisted of the villages:
* Brüssow
* Giesekenhagen
* Jagdkrug
* Lühmannsdorf
# Black Rhythm Happening

Black Rhythm Happening is the second album by American trumpeter Eddie Gale recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 4½ stars and stated "Eddie Gale's second Blue Note outing as a leader is one of the most adventurous recordings to come out of the 1960s. Black Rhythm Happening picks up where Ghetto Music left off, in that it takes the soul and free jazz elements of his debut and adds to them the sound of the church in all its guises... Black Rhythm Happening is a timeless, breathtaking recording, one that sounds as forward-thinking and militant in the 21st century as it did in 1969".
Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |

## Track listing

All compositions by Eddie Gale except as noted
* "Black Rhythm Happening" – 2:57
* "The Gleeker" (Gale, Joann Gale Stevens) – 2:16
* "Song of Will" – 3:08
* "Ghetto Love Night" – 5:30
* "Mexico Thing" – 5:08
* "Ghetto Summertime" – 3:13
* "It Must Be You" – 5:44
* "Look at Teyonda" – 9:31
* Recorded at Rudy Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey on May 2, 1969.

## Personnel

* Eddie Gale – trumpet
* Roland Alexander – soprano saxophone, flute (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
* Jimmy Lyons – alto saxophone (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
* Russell Lyle – tenor saxophone, flute (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
* Jo Ann Gale Stevens – guitar, vocals (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
* Henry Pearson, Judah Samuel – bass
* Elvin Jones – drums
* John Robinson – African drums (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
* Sylvia Bibbs, Charles Davis, Paula Nadine Larkin, William Norwood, Fulumi Prince, Carol Ann Robinson, Sondra Walston – vocals (tracks 1–5, 7 & 8)
# Health in Albania

Life expectancy in Albania was estimated at 77.59 years, in 2014, ranking 51st in the world, and outperforming a number of European Union countries, such as Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic. In 2016 it was 74 for men and 79 for women. The most common causes of death are circulatory diseases followed by cancerous illnesses. Demographic and Health Surveys completed a survey in April 2009, detailing various health statistics in Albania, including male circumcision, abortion and more.
The general improvement of health conditions in the country is reflected in the lower mortality rate, down to an estimated 6.49 deaths per 1,000 in 2000, as compared with 17.8 per 1,000 in 1938. In 2000, life expectancy was estimated at 74 years, compared to 38 years at the end of World War II. Albania's infant mortality rate, estimated at 20 per 1,000 live births in 2000, has also declined over the years since the high rate of 151 per 1,000 live births in 1960. There were 69,802 births in 1999 and the fertility rate in 1999 was 2.5 while the maternal mortality rate was 65 per 100,000 live births in 1993. In addition, in 1997, Albania had high immunization rates for children up to one year old: tuberculosis at 94%; diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, 99%; measles, 95%; and polio, 99.5%. In 1996, the incidence of tuberculosis was 23 in 100,000 people. In 1995 there were two reported cases of AIDS and seven cases in 1996. In 2000 the number of people living with HIV/AIDS was estimated at less than 100. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular disease, trauma, cancer, and respiratory disease. In 2015 it still had the highest mortality in Europe, at 766 per 100,000 population, the highest rate of death from non-communicable diseases (672 per 100,000) and the second highest rate of male smokers in Europe - 51%.
The Albanian Public Health Institute, in Tirana was founded in 1935.
Albania became a member of the World Health Organization on May 26, 1947.
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Albania is fulfilling 67.0% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income. When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Albania achieves 98.3% of what is expected based on its current income. In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves 98.0% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. Albania falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 4.6% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.
# Paratrachys

Paratrachys is a genus of "jewel beetles" in the subfamily Polycestinae and tribe Paratrachyini.

## Species

Paratrachys contains the following species:
* Paratrachys australius Bellamy & Williams, 1995
* Paratrachys bakeri Obenberger, 1924
* Paratrachys biroi Holynski, 1992
* Paratrachys chinensis Obenberger, 1958
* Paratrachys cornutus Bílý, 1994
* Paratrachys cuneiformis (Deyrolle, 1864)
* Paratrachys fergussonicus (Kerremans, 1900)
* Paratrachys fisheri Obenberger, 1924
* Paratrachys hederae Saunders, 1873
* Paratrachys hederoides Cobos, 1980
* Paratrachys hypocritus (Fairmaire, 1889)
* Paratrachys kannegieteri Obenberger, 1924
* Paratrachys kurosawai Holynski, 1992
* Paratrachys marylae Holynski, 1992
* Paratrachys mixtipubescens Kurosawa, 1985
* Paratrachys nadjus Cobos, 1980
* Paratrachys nigricans (Kerremans, 1890)
* Paratrachys nigritus (Deyrolle, 1864)
* Paratrachys pilifrons (Kerremans, 1900)
* Paratrachys princeps Kurosawa, 1976
* Paratrachys queenslandicus Bellamy & Williams, 1995
* Paratrachys sinicolus Obenberger, 1958
* Paratrachys srogli Obenberger, 1932
* Paratrachys strandi Obenberger, 1932
* Paratrachys tonyi Holynski, 1992
# Aurlus Mabélé

Aurlus Mabélé (24 October 1953 – 19 March 2020) was a Congolese singer and composer. He was commonly referred to as the "King of Soukous".

## Biography

Aurlus Mabélé, real name Benoit Aurélien Miatsonama, was born on 24 October 1953 in Brazzaville in the Poto-Poto district in the Republic of Congo.
In 1974, he founded the group Les Ndimbola Lokole with Pedro Wapechkado, Mav Cacharel and Jean Baron.
He later left the Congo for Europe, founding Loketo in 1986 with Diblo Dibala and Mav Cacharel. His soukous music swept Africa and he would be proclaimed "king", hence the slogan "It is Aurlus Mabele the new king of the soukous".
In 25 years he has sold more than 10 million albums and contributed to making soukous known outside continent.
He player many concerts, despite suffering a stroke. In June 2009 he played in the West Indies.
Accompanied by talented guitarists, he made the whole of Africa dance to soukous rhythms (Africa Mousso, La Femme ivoirienne, Embargo, Betty, Asta De, Evelyne, Loketo, etc.).

## Illness and death

Aurlus Mabélé had been in and out of hospitals in Paris since suffering a stroke. His health had been weak and he was partially paralyzed.
Mabélé was diagnosed with throat cancer and had battled the disease . Fellow musician Nyboma Mwan'dido, while on tour in Kenya, broke the news of Mabélé's sickness to Kenyans and asked his fans to pray for him. At one point of the show he played Mabélé's song as a tribute.
Mabélé was admitted to hospital in Eaubonne on 19 March 2020 and died there the same night due to contracting COVID-19. The news of his death was later confirmed via social media (Twitter) by his daughter Liza Monet. Reacting to the news of his death, many musicians and fans eulogized him as a musician and a composer. His long time guitar wizard Dally Kimoko remembered him, having been in Loketo for many years, after replacing Diblo Dibala.

## Discography

* 1988: Maracas d'or
* 1989: Soukouss la terreur (Melody) CD 41007-2
* 1990: Embargo (Melody)
* 1992: Stop Arretez ! 1992 (JIP) CD 41021 2
* 1994: Génération-Wachiwa encaisse tout (JIP) CD 41032 2
* 1996: Album 1996 (Melody) CD 41041 2
* 1997: Album 1997 (Melody)
* 1997: Best of Aurlus Mabele (Melody) CD 41044 2
* 1998: Proteine 4 (JIP)
* 1998: Tour de contrôle (JPS Production)
* 1999: Compil one (DEBS Music)
* 1999: Compil two (DEBS Music)
* 2000: Dossier X JPS Production
* Sebene
* Africa mousso
* La Femme ivoirienne
* Réconciliation/cicatrice, by Loketo
* Confirmation, by Loketo
# Maria Luisa Vicuña

Maria Luisa Vicuña is a Salvadoran TV host and beauty pageant titleholder who represented her country at Miss World 2012 in Ordos City, China.

## Biography

Born in the Sonsonate, El Salvador, Vicuña is the youngest of 3 children. Her parents were Colombian civil engineers who came to El Salvador to work on the “El Puente de Oro” (The Golden Bridge) that connected the rest of the country to the east. Vicuña was a model before becoming Nuestra Belleza Mundo 2012. She then competed in the Miss World 2012, but did not place among the semifinals.
After participating in Miss World and Miss Continente Americano, Vicuña became host to a new program in TCS called Sabaton, where she currently works for.
# Neomysis integer

Neomysis integer is a species of opossum shrimp found in shallow marine bays and estuaries of Europe, with a transparent greenish or brownish body and a large cephalothorax. It is found in very shallow water in both high and low-salinity habitats. It is a filter feeder and the female broods her eggs in a brood pouch beneath her cephalothorax.

## Description

Neomysis integer is a slender opossum shrimp growing to a maximum length of about 17 mm (0.7 in). The head has a pair of large, stalked eyes and two pairs of antennae, both of which are biramous (branched into two parts). The exopod (the outermost branch) of the second antenna forms an elongated scale with bristles round its edges and extends forward into a sharp point. The thorax has eight segments each bearing a pair of biramous limbs, the outer branches of which have a feathery appearance. The head and first six segments of the thorax are covered by a protective carapace which extends forward in a triangular plate with a depressed centre between the eyes. The abdomen bears short limbs and the last segment bears larger, flattened biramous limbs which form a tail fan. The telson (the last abdominal segment between the tail fan) is not forked, a fact emphasised by the specific name "integer". This opossum shrimp is semi-transparent, sometimes with a brownish tinge.

## Distribution and habitat

Neomysis integer is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, its range extending from the Baltic Sea and North Sea to the Mediterranean. It is found just above the seabed in very shallow waters in coastal and estuarine habitats at a wide range of salinities and is able to adapt to changing salinity levels. It is not common in the open sea but is more often observed in high salinity pools on the foreshore and in non-tidal lagoons. It is often the commonest mysid shrimp in the low-salinity upper parts of estuaries. It is also present in lakes in Frisia that were originally linked to the sea but became isolated when the Afsluitdijk causeway was constructed in 1933. Over the succeeding years, the sea water gradually turned to freshwater and Neomysis integer was the only opossum shrimp that survived.

## Biology

These opossum shrimps are frequently found in large numbers and filter small food particles out of the water, occasionally consuming larger prey. The diet consists largely of detritus, but water fleas and copepods are also consumed. Opossum shrimps themselves often fall prey to fish. In the Frisian Lakes these include the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), the ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua), young pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and sometimes the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The females have a brood pouch under their thorax in which eggs and young develop.
# Campanula ramosissima

Campanula ramosissima is a species of flowering plant in the bellfower family Campanulaceae, native to Italy, the former Yugoslavia, Albania, and Greece, and introduced to Ireland and Great Britain. There appears to be a cultivar, 'Meteora'.
# Lüleburgaz 39 Spor

Lüleburgaz 39 Spor is a Turkish women's football club based in Lüleburgaz town and district of Kırklareli Province. It was established in 2007. Currently, the club chairman is Cenk Güngör.
The club was founded as a high school girls' team, the Lüleburgaz Düvenciler Lisesi Spor, with the initiatives of Ali Kızılet, then the coach of the Turkey women's U-19 national team, and Nihat Güder, teacher of physical education and director of the high school, who had played football and was a coach also.
The team made its league debut in the 2007–08 season, lost, however, all the 8 league matches by scoring only 6 goals against 158. They were so relegated one level downwards. The next season in the Second League, the team reached the play-offs, however, lost in the finals to the league's second best team, Adana İdmanyurdu. Düvenciler Lisesi transferred eight players to strengthen the squad, and finished the 2009–10 season unbeaten champion but with one draw only. The women footballers from Lüleburgaz scored a total of 126 goals. They were so promoted to the highest women's league, the Women's First League. In the 2010–11 season, the team placed fourth, the best rank they achieved so far.
In 2011, the team changed its name to Lüleburgaz 39 Spor, and the club colors from yellow-black to red-green, the colors of the local sports club, Lülebyrgazspor.
Due to financial problems, the club management notified the Turkish Football Federation in August 2013 that they concluded not to participate in the league in the 2013–14 season.
# Benigno Zaccagnini

Benigno Zaccagnini (Italian pronunciation:; 17 April 1912 – 5 November 1989) was an Italian politician and physician.

## Biography

Born in Faenza, Zaccagnini graduated in Pediatrics in 1937. During World War II he acted as partisan, collaborating with Arrigo Boldrini in the liberation of Romagna.
Zaccagnini was among the founders of the Christian Democracy (DC), and was elected at the Constituent Assembly (1946) and the Chamber of Deputies (1948) of the new-born Italian Republic. He was a member of the Christian Democratic wing more favourable to a collaboration with left (or centre-left) parties. He was confirmed at the Chambers of Deputies until 1979, when he was elected to the Italian Senate.
In 1959, Zaccagnini was appointed Minister of Labour and Social Security in the Segni II Cabinet, a position he maintained also in the following government led by Fernando Tambroni. In 1960 he was appointed Minister of Public Works in the Fanfani III Cabinet.
In 1975, Zaccagnini was elected National Secretary of DC, remaining in place until 1980 when he was replaced by Flaminio Piccoli. In 1984 he was elected in the European Parliament. In 1978, during his tenure as national secretary, Democrazia Cristiana's president and Zaccagnini's mentor Aldo Moro was kidnapped by terrorist group Brigate Rosse. The prisoner wrote numerous letters to Zaccagnini, initially invoking his help, then accusing him and other DC leaders of sacrificing him in order to save the new government, which Moro had been instrumental to form.
Zaccagnini died at Ravenna in 1989.