OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Claudia de' Medici

Claudia de' Medici (4 June 1604 – 25 December 1648) was Regent of the Austrian County of Tyrol during the minority of her son from 1632 until 1646.

## Biography
### Early life

Born in Florence into the House of Medici, Claudia was the youngest daughter of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife, Christina of Lorraine. She was named after her grandmother Claude of Valois, herself daughter of Catherine de Medici, Queen of France , granddaughter of Claude, Duchess of Brittany, consort to King Francis I of France.

### Duchess of Urbino

In 1620, she married Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, the only son of Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino. Their only child, Vittoria, went on to marry the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Federico Ubaldo della Rovere died suddenly on 29 June 1623.

### Archduchess of Tyrol

After her husband's premature death, she was married, on 19 April 1626, to Leopold V, Archduke of Austria, and thus became Archduchess consort of Austria.

### Regent of Tyrol

On the death of her husband in 1632, she assumed a regency in the name of her son Ferdinand Charles who was the ruler of the Princely County of Tyrol. Claudia, along with five directors, held the post until 1646. She died at Innsbruck in 1648.

## Issue

She had one child by Federico Ubaldo della Rovere:
* Vittoria della Rovere (1622–1694) married Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and had issue,
She had five children by Archduke Leopold V of Austria:
* Maria Eleonora of Austria (1627–1629) died in infancy.
* Ferdinand Charles of Austria (1628–1662) married Anna de' Medici
* Isabella Clara of Austria (1629–1685), who married Charles III, Duke of Mantua and had issue.
* Sigismund Francis of Austria (1630–1665), Count of Tyrol and Regent of Further Austria, who married Countess Palatine Maria Hedwig Auguste of Sulzbach (1650–1681) and had no issue.
* Maria Leopoldine of Austria (1632–1649), who married Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III (1608–1657)

## Ancestors

Ancestors of Claudia de' Medici :
# Arctander (family)

Arctander is the name of two Norwegian families: one from Trondheim and a Nordland family.

## History

The family Arctander in Trondheim descends from Niels Lauritzen the elder (b. ca. 1490), Mayor of Trondheim. His grandchildren, among them Niels Lauritzen the younger, who was a bishop in Viborg, Denmark, adopted the name Arctander.
The Nordland family Arctander begins with Peder Pedersen (b. ca. 1626), a farmer near Lødingen, Nordland. His grandson, Aron Pedersen, adopted the name Arctander when attending the University in Copenhagen, whereafter he returned to Norway and became a priest in Ofoten. Many prominent people belong to this family, among them cabinet minister Sofus Arctander, Signy Arctander, and Evan Arctander.

## Name

The name is in Latinised Greek and means "Norwegian". The first part means arctic, and the second part derives from the word andros (man), i.e. "north man".
# Arctapodema

Arctapodema is a genus of deep-sea hydrozoans in the family Rhopalonematidae.

## Species

* Arctapodema ampla Vanhöffen, 1902
* Arctapodema antarctica Vanhöffen, 1912
* Arctapodema australis Vanhöffen, 1902
* Arctapodema macrogaster Vanhöffen, 1902

### Invalid species

* Arctapodema antarcticum (Vanhöffen, 1912) [incorrect gender suffix]
* Arctapodema australe Vanhöffen, 1912 [incorrect spelling]
# Tomoplagia quinquefasciata

Tomoplagia quinquefasciata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tomoplagia of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Paraguay.
# Arendal crash

The Arendal crash (Arendalskrakket) was an economic crisis in Arendal, Norway, that occurred when the bank Arendals Privatbank went bankrupt in 1886 and the bank's co-owner Axel Nicolai Herlofson was revealed to have defrauded customers and co-owners systemically. The crash led to several other bankruptcies and unemployment in Southern Norway, and marked the end of Arendal as an important shipping town. It took over 80 years to overcome the effects of the crash. Herlofson was sentenced to six years penal labour. Only two years after its start in 1874, the bank was in reality bankrupt, but the bank was continued for nine years due to corruption and poor routines or a lack of routines. The debt to Herlofson, his brother Oskar and Strømsbu sag was finally NOK 12 million, corresponding to the entire wealth of Kristiansand's population, or six billion 2012 kroner.
# Tord Nänzén

Tord Nänzén (born 23 August 1954) is a retired Swedish ice hockey player. Nänzén was born in Timra, Sweden and was part of the Djurgården Swedish champions' team of 1983. Nänzén made 247 Elitserien appearances for Djurgården.
# Clifford Peak

Clifford Peak (64°34′S 62°53′W﻿ / ﻿64.567°S 62.883°W﻿ / -64.567; -62.883) is a peak, 1,160 metres (3,800 ft) high, at the northeast end of the Osterrieth Range, Anvers Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. It was probably first seen by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, under Gerlache. The peak was named by members of HMS Snipe following an Antarctic cruise in January 1948, for Sir G. Miles Clifford.
# Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila

Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila, commonly known as desert spurge, is a subspecies of herb or shrub native to Australia.

## Description

It grows as an erect shrub, usually up to a metre in height, but sometimes up to 1.5 metres, with green or yellow flowers. From a distance it may appear leafless.

## Taxonomy

This taxon was first published by Allan Cunningham in 1848, at species rank as Euphorbia eremophila. In 1977 David Hassall demoted it to a variety of E. tannensis. At the same time he did the same thing for E. finlaysonii, and since he felt these two to be more closely related to each other than either is to the type material of E. tannensis, he erected E. tannensis subsp. eremophila to hold both varieties. Thus this subspecies comprises two varieties: E. tannensis var. eremophila and E. tannensis var. finlaysonii.

## Distribution and habitat

This subspecies is widespread on the Australian mainland, occurring in every mainland state, though only in the far north-west corner of Victoria.
# Clive Branson (angler)

Clive Branson (born 1951 in Cardiff) is a Welsh angler who won the individual World Freshwater Angling Championships in 1987 after being runner-up in 1986, and team bronze medalist for Wales in 1981.
He loves to use custard creams and ice cream tubs and makes click bait posts on Facebook
Branson produces Gold Medal ground bait, and is admin for the Match fishing page on Facebook that has over 25000 subscribers and was started in 2010.
Branson is also a prolific author, having written a number of books such as Clive Branson: My Autobiography; Clive Branson World Champion Angler (2018); Coarse Fish Encyclopedia By Clive Branson; Coarse Fish Methods and Techniques (2020); Clive Branson Float Fishing Manual; The Complete Float Fishing Manual (Coarse Fishing) 2020; and Legends in my Lifetime (2021).
# Cliddesden railway station

vteBasingstoke & Alton Light Railway :
Legend :
Cliddesden railway station was a railway station in the village of Cliddesden, Hampshire, England. The station was a stop on the Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway until its closure in 1932.

## History

When built, a wind engine was provided to supply the station buildings and cottages. It was made by John Wallis Titt. The wind engine outlasted the railway, surviving until the 1940s. The station was used for the filming of 1937 film Oh, Mr Porter! which features Cliddesden as the fictional Buggleskelly.

## Route

| Preceding station | Disused railways | Following station |
| Basingstoke | Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway | Herriard |

## Sources

* "Basingstoke Railway History in Maps". Christopher Tolley. 2001. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
# Arianna Neikrug

Arianna Neikrug (born 19 April 1993) is an American jazz singer, songwriter, and arranger.
Neikrug was born in Los Angeles, California.

## Discography

* 2018: Changes (Concord Jazz)
# Arianna Occhipinti

Arianna Occhipinti (1982-) is an Italian winemaker and winery owner based in Vittoria, Italy. She is based in the Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG, where she grows Nero d’Avola and Frappato grapes. Occhipinti has worked in the wine industry since age 16, and has released red wine vintages under her own label starting at age 22. She is known for growing wines in the biodynamic methodology.

## Personal life and education

Occhipinti grew up in Sicily and became fascinated with wine in her teens. Her uncle is Giusto Occhipinti, a Sicilian winemaker of the COS estate who has been making wine since 1980. When Arianna was 16, she accompanied her uncle to VinItaly (the annual wine expo in Verona) and was very inspired by the wine culture and people.
She attended the University of Milan's school of viticulture and enology at a young age, and released her first vintage at age 22. She started growing wine in the Contrada Fossa di Lupo, and has since expanded to the Bombolieri, Pettineo and Bastonaca districts.

## Career

Occhipinti has farmed all of her land Biodynamically since 2009. She started with one hectare of vines, and had 10 hectares as of 2014.
Her SP68 Rosso, is a blend of two varieties native to this part of Sicily: Frappato and Nero d’Avola. The title "SP68" refers to the Strada Provinciale 68, a state route that passes by Arianna's rural property.
Occhipinti introduces very little, if any, sulfur in the wine, uses no filtration, and follows an extremely simple vinification process: wild fermentations from native airborne yeasts, 30 days maceration on skins, six months of aging in cement tanks, and a final rest in bottle before release.
Occhipinti is fluent in English, which has helped with U.S. distribution and press. She is one of the largest producers of biodynamic wine (over 120,000 bottles annually), and it was among the first to be recognized by critics as high-quality wine.
# Eucalyptus bridgesiana

Eucalyptus bridgesiana, commonly known as apple box, apple, apple gum or but-but, is a medium to large sized tree. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey bark above, glossy green, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus bridgesiana is a tree that typically grows to a height of 20 to 25 metres (66 to 82 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, fibrous, mottled grey and white, sometimes tessellated bark on the trunk and larger branches, with rough, grey, fibrous bark on its trunk and larger branches. Thinner branches have smooth grey bark with whitish patches, shed in short ribbons.
Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, egg-shaped, heart-shaped or almost round leaves arranged in opposite pairs, 25–100 mm (0.98–3.9 in) long, 20–80 mm (0.8–3 in) wide, with wavy edges and covered with a powdery white bloom. The adult leaves are lance-shaped, the same glossy green on both sides, 120–200 mm (4.7–7.9 in) long and 15–25 mm (0.6–1 in) wide on a petiole 12–35 mm (0.47–1.4 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of seven on a peduncle up to 15 mm (0.6 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) long.
Mature buds are normally oval, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) long and 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide with a conical to beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from February to March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical capsule, 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) long and 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) wide with the three valves extending above the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus bridgesiana was first formally described in 1898 by Richard Thomas Baker and the description was published in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The specific epithet (bridgesiana) honours Frederick Bridges (1840-1904) for his "promoting the opplication of economic science to our indigenous vegetable products".

## Distribution and habitat

Apple box grows in open woodland and forest and is widespread from near Stanthorpe in Queensland and south through the slopes and ranges of New South Wales and eastern Victoria.
The Sydney suburb of Tallawong, New South Wales is named after the Dharug word for apple box.

## Uses

The wood of apple box is softer than that of other eucalypts, and is considered poor for firewood or building timber. However, the honey produced by bees feeding on the small white flowers of the tree is of high quality.
# Eucalyptus brevistylis

Eucalyptus brevistylis, commonly known as Rate's tingle, is a tree that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has fissured, fibrous to stringy bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between nine and thirteen, white flowers and almost spherical fruit with a small opening.

## Description

Eucalyptus brevistylis is a tree that typically grows to a height of 25 to 50 metres (82 to 164 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has fissured, greyish to reddish brown, fibrous to stringy bark that tends to be papery on the outside. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are egg-shaped to heart-shaped, 40–70 mm (2–3 in) long, 25–60 mm (1–2 in) wide, mid-green on the upper surface, paler below, and always have a petiole. Adult leaves are thin, lance-shaped or slightly curved, 53–90 mm (2–4 in) long, 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) wide on a petiole 10–20 mm (0.4–0.8 in) long and are a different colour on either side. The flower buds are arranged in groups of nine, eleven or thirteen on a peduncle 7–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long. Mature buds are oval to almost spherical, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and wide with a rounded operculum. Flowering occurs between January and February or between April and November and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody almost spherical capsule with a small opening, 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long and 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) wide.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus brevistylis was first described in 1974 by Ian Brooker from a specimen collected near Walpole by Bruce Maslin. The specific epithet (brevistylis) is derived from Latin brevis meaning "short" and -stylis meaning "having a style", referring to the short style in this species.

## Distribution and habitat

Rate's tingle grows in wet forests near Walpole. It was previously confused with two other "tingle" species, the red tingle, E. jacksonii and the yellow tingle E. guilfoylei. The name "tingle" or "tingle tingle" is thought to be of Aboriginal origin. This tingle was not previously recognised as a separate species, despite the efforts of the forester Jack Rate.
Rate's tingle and red tingle, Eucalyptus jacksonii, are closely related and both can live for up to 400 years.

## Conservation

Eucalyptus brevistylis is classified as "Priority Four" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that is rare or near threatened.
# Arguello

Arguello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 184 and an area of 5.0 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi).
Arguello borders the following municipalities: Albaretto della Torre, Cerreto Langhe, Cravanzana, and Lequio Berria.
# Eupristocerus

Eupristocerus cogitans is a species of beetles in the family Buprestidae, the only species in the genus Eupristocerus.
# Cliff Roquemore

Cliff Roquemore (28 September 1948 – 5 February 2002) was an American writer, producer and director. Principally active in Detroit theater, he was also involved with the production of several blaxploitation films, including The Human Tornado (1976), Petey Wheatstraw (1978) and Disco Godfather (1979).
Roquemore also wrote the musical, The Gospel Truth, which toured nationally, winning NAACP Image Awards. He also directed Eartha Kitt's one-woman show in 1990. He died of cancer in 2002.
# Clive McLean

Clive McLean (27 October 1944 – 29 March 2005) was an English photographer and an AVN Hall of Fame member best known for his work at Hustler and Barely Legal. He was sometimes credited as Oliver English and Clive McClean.
McLean earned a qualification in graphic design in 1963 from Bradford College of Art. For a time, he was a band manager for Cat Stevens. He began photographing hippies and groupies for men's magazines and eventually did the first layout for Club.
While doing photography for Playboy in the 1960s, he was approached by Bob Guccione to come and work for him at Penthouse.
He met Larry Flynt in 1976 through photographer James Baes. Flynt was so impressed with McLean that he doubled the salary Guccione was paying him and brought him to the United States to begin a twenty-nine-year working relationship with Flynt.
McLean appeared in the 2000 PBS Frontline documentary on the industry called "American Porn". He was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2001. He received the "Best Vignette" Award at the 2004 AVN Awards, and, that same year, American Movie Classics aired "The AMC Project: I Want to Be Clive McClean". McLean married model/makeup artist, Erica, in 1994. Together, they created and worked on the Barely Legal and Hot Showers franchises. His first wife was the model Stephanie McLean. He had a son from that marriage named Roman.
McLean and his wife lived in the Hollywood Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, and they were active in setting up a park for the neighborhood dogs called Pinehurst Park. The actor Nick Brendan (from Buffy the Vampire Slayer) was also involved in this activity.
Well regarded in the industry, he once shared studio space with fellow photographer Herb Ritts.
# Clive Matthewson

Clive Denby Matthewson MNZM (born 1944) is a New Zealand civil engineer and former politician.

## Biography
### Early life and career

Matthewson was born in Wellington in 1944. He was educated at Waitaki Boys' High School and University of Canterbury. He has a PhD in Civil Engineering which he completed in 1970. The title of his PhD thesis was: "The elastic behaviour of a laterally loaded pile". He worked as a civil engineer until he was elected to parliament in 1984.

### Political career

He was chairman of the Wanganui electorate for the Labour Party and also a member of Labour's governing body the New Zealand Council. In 1977, he sought the Labour nomination for the Christchurch electorate of Papanui, but was beaten by former Eden MP Mike Moore. Two years later he stood for the Labour candidacy for the Christchurch Central seat in a by-election, but was again unsuccessful. Matthewson then unsuccessfully contested the Clutha electorate in the 1981 election for the Labour Party.
In the 1983 electoral redistribution, the number of Dunedin electorates was reduced from three to two. Brian MacDonell, who had since 1963 represented Dunedin Central, was supposed to represent the new Dunedin West electorate. However, Labour's president, Jim Anderton, presided over MacDonell's de-selection and installed his personal friend Matthewson instead. Matthewson was elected to Dunedin West in 1984. Matthewson was considered one of the most effective backbenchers in the Fourth Labour Government. In August 1989, he was appointed by Prime Minister Geoffrey Palmer as Under-Secretary to the Minister of Health and Labour.
In February 1990, he was elected to cabinet and was appointed by Palmer as Minister of State Services, Minister of Science, Minister in charge of the Audit Department and Associate Minister of State Owned Enterprises, Energy, Commerce and Labour.
After the government was defeated he was appointed Shadow Minister of Social Security and State Services by Labour leader Mike Moore in 1991. He left Labour in 1995 to jointly establish the United New Zealand party with six other sitting MPs. Matthewson became United's leader, and when the party formed a coalition with the governing National Party in 1996 he was made a Cabinet Minister. In the 1996 election, Peter Dunne was the only United politician to keep his seat, and Matthewson, who had contested the new Dunedin South electorate, did not return to Parliament.
In the 1998 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services as a Member of Parliament.
At the 1998 local-body elections Matthewson ran for the position of Mayor of Dunedin, but was defeated by incumbent Sukhi Turner.

### Post-politics

He was the Director of Development and Alumni Relations at the University of Otago from 2002 to 2008, and between 23 July 2004 and 30 September 2008 was on the board of directors for the New Zealand Railways Corporation.

## Personal life

Matthewson is married with five children. Katherine Rich, a former National Party MP, is his niece.
# Torrock

Torrock is a sub-prefecture of Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region in Chad.
# Tomás Burgos

Tomás Burgos Sotomayor (September 18, 1875 in Osorno – August 19, 1945 in Valdivia) was a Chilean philanthropist, one of the strongest supporters of the "mutualist movement" and the founder of "Villa Lo Burgos", the present city of Purranque.

## About

Sotomayor was the son of Bartolo Burgos and Vicenta Sotomayor, from the line of old families that repopulated Osorno in the 18th century. He studied in the "Liceo Alemán de Osorno" (German school of Osorno), and started to work very young in a law office. He also participated in social and musical clubs. In 1891 he joined the then fledgling mutualist movement in Chile, and became one of the founders of the "Sociedad Unión de Artesanos de Osorno" (Society of Artisans of Osorno - a union of workers that provided welfare benefits to its members), of which he was president several times.
On April 18, 1911 he founded Villa Lo Burgos de Purranquil, in a plot of land along the railroad line between the cities of Osorno and Puerto Montt. After many problems, he managed to plan and build the city, helped to bring the first settlers, and organized the first institutions. With time this hamlet grew to become the present city of Purranque. He married Sofía Rosas Durán, daughter of Felix Rosas Manrique de Lara, and had four children: Victor, Pedro, Francisco and Pablo. He died in the city of Valdivia, in 1945, at the age of 70.
# Clivina gamma

Clivina gamma is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Andrewes in 1929.
# Ardistama

Ardistama, also known as Arissama, was a town of ancient Cappadocia, inhabited by Hittites in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times. It was discovered in 1904 by Thomas Callander. Its name may have been derived from Angdisis or Angdistis.
Its site is located near Kale Tepe, Asiatic Turkey.
# Clayton Hamilton

Clayton Hamilton may refer to:
* Clayton Hamilton (critic) (1881–1946), American drama critic
* Clayton Hamilton (baseball) (born 1982), American pitcher
# Touffreville

Touffreville may refer to the following communes in France, in the region Normandy:
* Touffreville, Eure, in the Eure département
* Touffreville-la-Cable, in the Seine-Maritime département
* Touffreville-la-Corbeline, in the Seine-Maritime département
* Touffreville-sur-Eu, in the Seine-Maritime département
See also