OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BattleHack

BattleHack (or Battle Hack in the 2013 series) was a series of global hackathon contests organised by PayPal. Competitors were required to solve a local problem by coding. Winners of the first prize of each contest got an axe as the trophy, and admission to the world finals where competitors competed for the $100,000 grand prize. Competitors retain the ownership of their applications made in the contests.
In 2016 PayPal/Braintree shut down the developer relations program along with all related programs such as BattleHack.
It was announced that BattleHack would be returning however as of Jan 16, 2018 the domain name lapsed and has since moved into new ownership.
# Yuliy Sannikov

Yuliy Sannikov (born November 3, 1978) is a Ukrainian economist known for his contributions to mathematical economics, game theory, and corporate finance.

## Education

He received his A.B. in mathematics from Princeton in 2000, he then earned a Ph.D. in business administration from Stanford Graduate School of Business in 2004.

## Career

He is an economics professor at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, and won both the 2015 Fischer Black Prize and 2016 John Bates Clark Medal.
Sannikov is also one of the few participants to win three gold medals at the International Mathematical Olympiad.

## Publications

* with Markus K. Brunnermeier: The I Theory of Money. NBER Working Paper 22533, 2016, doi:10.3386/w22533.
* with Markus K. Brunnermeier: International Credit Flows and Pecuniary Externalities. In. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 7(1), January 2015, 297–338, doi:10.1257/mac.20140054.
* with Markus K. Brunnermeier: A Macroeconomic Model with a Financial Sector. The American Economic Review 104(2), February 2014, 379–421, doi:10.1257/aer.104.2.379.
* with Dilip Abreu: An Algorithm for Two-Player Repeated Games With Perfect Monitoring. Theoretical Economics 9, 2014, 313–338, doi:10.3982/TE1302.
* with Alex Edmans, Xavier Gabaix, Tomas Sadzik: Dynamic CEO Compensation. The Journal of Finance 67(5), October 2012, 1603–1647, doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01768.x.
* with Eduardo Faingold: Reputation in Continuous-Time Games. Econometrica 79(3), May 2011, 773–876, doi:10.3982/ECTA7377.
* with Andrzej Skrzypacz: The Role of Information in Repeated Games with Frequent Actions. Econometrica 78(3), May 2010, 847–882, doi:10.3982/ECTA6420.
* A Continuous-Time Version of the Principal–Agent Problem. The Review of Economic Studies 75(3), July 2008, 957–984, JSTOR 20185061.
* with Andrzej Skrzypacz: Impossibility of Collusion under Imperfect Monitoring with Flexible Production. The American Economic Review 97(5), December 2007, 1794–1823, doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.1794.
* Games with Imperfectly Observable Actions in Continuous Time. Econometrica 75(5), September 2007, 1285–1329, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00795.x.
* with Peter M. DeMarzo: Optimal Security Design and Dynamic Capital Structure in a Continuous-Time Agency Model. The Journal of Finance 61(6), December 2006, 2681–2724, doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01002.x.
# Ectoedemia krugerensis

Ectoedemia krugerensis is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It was described by Scoble in 1983. It is known from South Africa (it was described from the Kruger National Park).
# MG 18 TuF

The Maschinengewehr 18 Tank und Flieger or MG 18 TuF, is a German dual-purpose heavy machine gun that was designed to fill both anti-tank and anti-aircraft roles. Developed at the end of the First World War, it fired the same 13.25 × 92mm SR or tankpatrone 18 armor-piercing round later used by the Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr anti-tank rifle.

## History

The genesis of the MG 18 was closely linked to the appearance of the first British and French tanks on the Western Front during 1916-1917. In October 1917, the Gewehr Prüfungs Kommission (GPK), on behalf of the Ministry of War, announced a six company competition for the construction of an automatic weapon capable of firing the new 13.25 × 92mm SR ammunition designed by the Polte cartridge factory in Magdeburg. The two finalists in this competition were Rheinmetall and Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN). The Rheinmetall design used a top mounted pan magazine similar to the Lewis gun, while the MAN design was a belt-fed gun. After a series of tests and modifications, the MAN design was officially adopted by the German army on August 13, 1918. It was planned that some 4,000 MG 18s would be built starting in January 1919. However, it is estimated that only 50 guns were actually built before the Armistice of 11 November 1918 and none were used in combat. Besides the end of the war, there were other factors which limited the number of MG 18s produced, such as lack of production capacity, cost, complexity, weight and poor mobility. The collapse of the German Empire and the prohibition of design and production of weapons imposed by the Versailles Treaty stopped any further development of the MG 18.

## Description

The MG 18 was essentially a scaled-up MG 08 heavy machine gun, the MG 08 itself being a licensed derivative of the Maxim gun. The MG 18, like the Maxim gun, was a belt-fed, water-cooled heavy machine gun which operated on the basis of short recoil and a toggle lock. Once cocked and fired, the MG 18 would continue firing rounds until the trigger was released or until all available ammunition was expended. In the anti-tank role the gun was fed by a 75-round belt, while in the anti-aircraft role it was fed by a 30-round drum magazine. Due to the weight of the gun, 133.7 kg (295 lb), a two-wheeled carriage was provided and a crew of 6 men were needed to service the gun.
The MG 18 was designed for the ammunition of the Mauser 1918 T-Gewehr anti-tank rifle. With its much shorter barrel, the muzzle velocity only reached 550 m/s (1,804 ft/s), compared to 785 m/s (2,575 ft/s) for the Mauser 1918; however, this was still sufficient to penetrate 20 mm (0.79 in) of face-hardened steel armor plate at 100 m (110 yd), and 15 mm (0.59 in) at 300 m (330 yd).
# Musa lawitiensis

Musa lawitiensis is a species of wild banana (genus Musa), native to the island of Borneo (both the Indonesian and Malaysian portions). It is placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.
# Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T36

The women's 100 metres T36 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, took place on 1 September 2021.
The T36 category is for ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy. These athletes do not have the capacity to remain still and they show involuntary movements with all four limbs affected. They usually walk without assistive devices.

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing records were as follows:
| World Record | Shi Yiting (CHN) | 13.68 | London, United Kingdom | 20 July 2017 |
| Paralympic Record | Wang Fang (CHN) | 13.82 | Beijing, China | 16 September 2008 |
| Area | Time | Athlete | Nation |
| Africa | 16.79 | Syrine Bessaidi | Tunisia |
| America | 14.01 | Tascitha Oliveira Cruz | Brazil |
| Asia | 13.68 WR | Shi Yiting | China |
| Europe | 14.13 | Elena Ivanova | Russia |
| Oceania | 14.46 | Danielle Aitchison | New Zealand |

## Results
### Heats

Heat 1 took place on 1 September 2021, at 11:15:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Danielle Aitchison | New Zealand | 14.35 | Q, AR |
| 2 | 5 | Elena Ivanova | RPC | 14.46 | Q, SB |
| 3 | 7 | Yanina Martínez | Argentina | 14.60 | Q, SB |
| 4 | 4 | Cheyenne Bouthoorn | Netherlands | 14.84 | q, PB |
| 5 | 6 | Samira da Silva Brito | Brazil | 15.05 | q |
Heat 2 took place on 1 September 2021, at 11:22:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 3 | Shi Yiting | China | 14.50 | Q, SB |
| 2 | 5 | Nicole Nicoleitzik | Germany | 14.87 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Jeon Min-jae | South Korea | 15.41 | Q, SB |
| 4 | 7 | Táscitha Oliveira Cruz | Brazil | 15.72 | |
| 5 | 4 | Yam Kwok-fan | Hong Kong | 16.15 | SB |

### Final

The final took place on 1 September 2021, at 19:10:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 6 | Shi Yiting | China | 13.61 | WR |
| | 5 | Elena Ivanova | RPC | 14.60 | |
| | 7 | Danielle Aitchison | New Zealand | 14.62 | |
| 4 | 9 | Yanina Martínez | Argentina | 14.65 | |
| 5 | 3 | Cheyenne Bouthoorn | Netherlands | 14.90 | |
| 6 | 4 | Nicole Nicoleitzik | Germany | 14.95 | |
| 7 | 2 | Samira da Silva Brito | Brazil | 15.27 | |
| 8 | 8 | Jeon Min-jae | South Korea | 15.51 | |
# Trade stimulator

Trade stimulators were countertop machines widely used to encourage shoppers to indulge in a game of chance. They became popular in American saloons during the 1880s, their use spreading to cigar, confectionery and general stores. Produced in a wide range of designs, they were developed during the same era as slot machines and were operated by inserting a coin and pulling a lever, the player standing to win prizes of cigars, cigarettes, candy and other goods if a winning combination came up. During periods when gambling was prohibited or in states where gambling was illegal, these machines could be used with little fear of prosecution.
# William Marshall (Australian footballer)

William Douglas "Willie" Marshall (9 July 1884 – 17 May 1971) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and University in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Marshall was born in Scotland, the son of Presbyterian minister Alexander Marshall. The family emigrated to Australia in 1888, and William Marshall completed his schooling at Scotch College, Melbourne. Marshall played VFL football while studying to become a minister. In 1921 he married Josephine Taylor and he served as the Presbyterian minister in Sale for many years. After moving back to Melbourne he was appointed moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria.
# Loup Verlet

Loup Verlet (French pronunciation:; 24 May 1931 – 13 June 2019) was a French physicist who pioneered the computer simulation of molecular dynamics models. In a famous 1967 paper he used what is now known as Verlet integration (a method for the numerical integration of equations of motion) and the Verlet list (a data structure that keeps track of each molecule's immediate neighbors in order to speed computer calculations of molecule-to-molecule interactions). He received his PhD in 1957; his PhD work was initially conducted in the group of Victor Weisskopf at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and concluded under the guidance of Maurice Lévy at the École normale supérieure in Paris. From 1957 to 1993 he worked mostly on the physics of the liquid state.
He also wrote about the history of science. In his book "La Malle de Newton" (1993) he argued that Isaac Newton was an important transition figure between the medieval, mainly religious, world of ideas and the modern scientific way of analyzing physical problems. Newton had a foot in both worlds, as shown by the fact that his writings are not only concerned with mathematics and physics, but also theology and alchemy, a combination that might seem bizarre by modern standards. The publication of Newton's Principia in 1687 and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 (with the king's powers limited by an elected Parliament) were the key events that brought the old era to a close and ushered in the modern one.
His last book was 'Chimères et Paradoxes' (Ed. Cerf, 2007), an extended essay that touches on the philosophy of science as well as the history of science. Among other things, it considers how three great thinkers (Descartes, Newton and Freud) changed our world view.
# Battle of Karbala (disambiguation)

The Battle of Karbala was fought in 680 CE between the army of Umayyad caliph Yazid I on one side, and the army of Husayn ibn Ali (grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) on the other.
Battle of Karbala may also refer to:
* Battle of Karbala (1991), during the 1991 uprisings in Iraq
* Battle of Karbala (2003), during the 2003 invasion of Iraq
* Defense of Karbala City Hall, during the Iraq spring fighting of 2004
* Battle of Karbala (2007), during the Iraq War
# Winfield-Hill

Winfield-Hill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Courtney Winfield-Hill (born 1987), Australian cricketer
* Lauren Winfield-Hill (born 1990), English cricketer
# CRAL-TRIO domain

CRAL-TRIO domain is a protein structural domain that binds small lipophilic molecules. This domain is named after cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) and TRIO guanine exchange factor.
CRALB protein carries 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde. It modulates interaction of retinoids with visual cycle enzymes. TRIO is involved in coordinating actin remodeling, which is necessary for cell migration and growth.
Other members of the family are alpha-tocopherol transfer protein and phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein (Sec14). They transport their substrates (alpha-tocopherol and phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylcholine, respectively) between different intracellular membranes. Family also include a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that may function as an effector of RAC1 small G-protein.
The N-terminal domain of yeast ECM25 protein has been identified as containing a lipid binding CRAL-TRIO domain.

## Structure

The Sec14 protein was the first CRAL-TRIO domain for which the structure was determined. The structure contains several alpha helices as well as a beta sheet composed of 6 strands. Strands 2,3,4 and 5 form a parallel beta sheet with strands 1 and 6 being anti-parallel. The structure also identified a hydrophobic binding pocket for lipid binding.

## Human proteins containing this domain

C20orf121; MOSPD2; PTPN9; RLBP1; RLBP1L1; RLBP1L2; SEC14L1; SEC14L2; SEC14L3; SEC14L4; TTPA; NF1;
# Løfqvist

Løfqvist, Löfkvist, Löfqvist or Lofquist is a surname of Swedish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

## Løfqvist

* Bent Løfqvist-Hansen (born 1936), Danish footballer
* Gyrd Løfqvist (1921–2012), Danish film actor

## Löfkvist

* Ellen Löfkvist (born 1997), Swedish footballer
* Henrik Löfkvist (born 1995), Swedish footballer
* Oskar Löfkvist (born 1980), Swedish actor
* Thomas Löfkvist (born 1984), Swedish former road bicycle racer

## Löfqvist

* Christer Löfqvist (1944-1978), international speedway rider
* Sven William Löfqvist (1947–2016), Swedish ice hockey goaltender

## Lofquist

* Sam Lofquist (born 1990), American professional ice hockey player
# Bob Judson

Air Vice Marshal Robert W. "Bob" Judson is a retired senior Royal Air Force officer. He was the first Station Commander of RAF Coningsby in the Eurofighter Typhoon-era.

## RAF career

Judson has been involved in many milestone events, personally piloting the 100th Typhoon off the production line to RAF Coningsby from the BAE Systems' Warton factory (Lancs), and acting as overall formation leader for HM The Queen's 80th birthday flypast of nearly 50 aircraft, considered the largest flypast the Royal Air Force has produced in decades.
Promoted to air commodore on 1 July 2007, Judson served as commander of Kandahar Airfield in Afghanistan in 2008, and stars in the Channel Five documentary Warzone, which looks into the life and operations of personnel stationed at the airfield.
Judson was appointed Director Targeting and Information Operations in the Ministry of Defence in November 2008.

## Corporate career

Since 2015, Judson is a Director in the Resilience and Crisis Management Team, part of Deloitte UK's Risk Advisory service line.
# Athletics at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metres T37

The women's 100 metres T37 event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, took place between 1 and 2 September 2021.
The T37 category is for ambulant athletes with cerebral palsy. These athletes have movement and coordination problems on one half of their body. They have good ability in their dominant side of their body (ie hemiplegia).

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing records were as follows:
| World Record | Mandy François-Elie (FRA) | 13.10 | Nottwil, Switzerland | 24 May 2019 |
| Paralympic Record | Georgina Hermitage (GBR) | 13.13 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9 September 2016 |
| Area | Time | Athlete | Nation |
| Africa | 13.67 | Sheryl James | South Africa |
| America | 13.49 | Jaleen Roberts | United States |
| Asia | 13.20 | Wen Xiaoyan | China |
| Europe | 13.10 WR | Mandy François-Elie | France |
| Oceania | 13.88 | Lisa McIntosh | Australia |

## Results
### Heats

Heat 1 took place on 1 September 2021, at 21:46:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 8 | Jiang Fenfen | China | 13.34 | Q, SB |
| 2 | 4 | Mandy François-Elie | France | 13.48 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Sheryl James | South Africa | 13.58 | Q, AR |
| 4 | 7 | Nataliia Kobzar | Ukraine | 13.85 | q |
| 5 | 5 | Anna Sapozhnikova | RPC | 14.50 | |
| 6 | 6 | Norma Salinas | El Salvador | 16.70 | SB |
Heat 2 took place on 1 September 2021, at 21:52:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| 1 | 7 | Wen Xiaoyan | China | 13.26 | Q, SB |
| 2 | 5 | Jaleen Roberts | United States | 13.41 | Q, AR |
| 3 | 6 | Viktoriia Slanova | RPC | 13.88 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Sabina Sukhanova | Uzbekistan | 13.91 | q, SB |
| 5 | 4 | Alina Terekh | Ukraine | 14.58 | |
| 6 | 8 | Anais Anne Lise Angeline | Mauritius | 15.35 | SB |

### Final

The final took place on 2 September 2021, at 10:37:
| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| | 6 | Wen Xiaoyan | China | 13.00 | WR |
| | 5 | Jaleen Roberts | United States | 13.16 | AR |
| | 4 | Jiang Fenfen | China | 13.17 | PB |
| 4 | 7 | Mandy François-Elie | France | 13.51 | |
| 5 | 9 | Sheryl James | South Africa | 13.67 | |
| 6 | 3 | Nataliia Kobzar | Ukraine | 13.78 | |
| 7 | 2 | Sabina Sukhanova | Uzbekistan | 14.20 | |
| 8 | 8 | Viktoriia Slanova | RPC | 14.26 | |
# Chandas (typeface)

Chandas is a Unicode compatible OpenType font for the Devanagari script. The font is notable for containing a particularly extensive set of conjunct ligatures for Sanskrit and also supporting Vedic accents, which were unavailable in other Devanagari fonts when it was released. Though the font was designed primarily for writing Sanskrit, it may be used for all languages written in the Devanagari script, including Hindi, Konkani, Marathi, and Nepali.
The font was developed and is maintained by Mihail Bayaryn, and is released under the GNU General Public License.

## Detail

The Chandas font "contains 4347 glyphs: 325 half-forms, 960 half-forms context-variations, 2743 ligature-signs." The font is, therefore, useful for those who want to see old Sanskrit texts in their original form. "It is designed especially for Vedic and Classical Sanskrit but can also be used for Hindi, Nepali and other modern Indian languages. The font includes Vedic accents and many additional signs and provides maximal support for Devanagari script."
The Chandas font has glyphs in the Southern (Mumbai) style of Devanagari script, which is the most commonly used today, but there is a companion font, Uttara which has glyphs that follow the old Northern or Kolkata style of Devanagari.

## Format and license

The Chandas font is available in OpenType format using TrueType outlines. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence. It may be downloaded from the SanskritWeb.net site. The VOLT project files containing the source of the OpenType lookups in the font are also available.
The font is included in several Linux distributions.
# Billy Doctrove

Billy Raymond Doctrove (born 3 July 1955) is a Dominica former international football referee, but is best known as an international cricket umpire.

## Career as a FIFA referee

During his time as a referee, Doctrove took charge of several international matches, including a World Cup qualifier between Guyana and Grenada in 1996. Despite retiring from international refereeing in 1997, he remains a keen follower of world and English football, supporting Liverpool F.C. and being nicknamed Toshack, after the ex-Liverpool striker. He is also President of the Dominican Football Referees Association, and President of the Windward Islands Cricket Umpires Association.

## Rise to international umpiring

After retiring from football refereeing in 1997, Doctrove was able to concentrate more on his career as a first-class umpire. In April 1998, the West Indies Cricket Board appointed Doctrove to his first One Day International (ODI), a fixture between West Indies and England at Kingstown, St. Vincent. Steve Bucknor was the other on-field umpire in the match.
He was appointed to his first test match, the third test between West Indies and Pakistan at the Antigua Recreation Ground, in May 2000.
In 2002, he became a member of the International Panel of ICC Umpires. He stood on that panel for four years during which time he umpired over 100 ODIs and the occasional test. The highlights of his time on the International Panel were an appointment to the 2004 Champions Trophy, and the U19 World Cup in Sri Lanka in early 2006, where he stood in the final. In April 2006 he was promoted to the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires. Doctrove was appointed to the final of the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 in the West Indies.

### England vs Pakistan fourth test

On 20 August 2006, the fourth day of the fourth test between England and Pakistan at The Oval, he and fellow umpire Darrell Hair ruled that the Pakistani team had been involved in ball tampering. They awarded five penalty runs to England and offered them a replacement ball. Play continued until the tea break, but the Pakistani players refused to take the field thereafter in protest. When the Pakistan team refused to return to the field the umpires removed the bails and declared England winners by forfeiture. The Pakistani team did take to the field 26 minutes later, but Hair and Doctrove refused to continue the game stating that the game had already ended with a Pakistani forfeiture the moment the bails were removed.

## Retirement from professional umpiring

On 7 June 2012, Doctrove announced his retirement from all ICC umpiring roles due to a family bereavement back in his home country of Dominica. The then 56-year-old stood in 38 Tests, 112 one-day internationals and 21 T20 internationals overall. In a statement, he said, "It has been an incredible 14 years for me as an international umpire and I've enjoyed every moment of it."
# Nazim Burke

Nazim Burke (born September 1956) is a politician & Opposition Leader from the island of Carriacou which is part of the tri island state of Grenada. He was born in Belair Carriacou as Victor Gordon Burke and changed his name to Victor Nazim Gordon Burke. He served as the nation's Minister of Finance, Planning, Economic Development, Energy and Foreign Trade during the reign of the NDC government, from 2008 to 2013, headed by Tillman Thomas. He was elected as the political leader of the NDC at a party convention in early 2014 after Tillman Thomas stepped aside following the loss at the 2013 elections. Burke resigned as party leader in July 2018 following his party's disastrous election results in that year's election in which the party failed to gain any seats leaving it out of the house of representatives for a third time. He was succeeded by his Deputy Joseph Andall as acting leader pending a new leadership election due no later than March 2019.