OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# German submarine U-440

German submarine U-440 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II. She was laid down on 1 October 1940 by Schichau-Werke, Danzig as yard number 1491, launched on 8 November 1941 and commissioned on 24 January 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Hans Geissler. On 20 May 1943, Geissler was replaced as commander by Oberleutnant zur See Werner Schwaff.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-440 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8-276 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-440 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

The boat's career began with training at 5th U-boat Flotilla on 24 January 1942, followed by active service on 1 September 1942 as part of the 1st Flotilla for the remainder of her service. On five patrols she sank no ships.

### Wolfpacks

U-440 took part in seven wolfpacks, namely:
* Pfeil (12 – 14 September 1942)
* Streitaxt (29 October – 2 November 1942)
* Delphin (4 – 5 November 1942)
* Spitz (22 – 31 December 1942)
* Neuland (6 – 13 March 1943)
* Dränger (14 – 20 March 1943)
* Seewolf (21 – 29 March 1943)

### Fate

U-440 was sunk on 31 May 1943 in the North Atlantic in position 45°38′N 13°04′W﻿ / ﻿45.633°N 13.067°W﻿ / 45.633; -13.067, by depth charges from RAF Sunderland from 201 Squadron. All crew members died.
# Avia 50-MP

The Avia 50-MP was a French motor glider based on that of the Avia XV-A training glider. First flown in 1934, it was intended to introduce pilots to motor-gliders.

## Design and development

In 1933 Avia introduced two designs based on their earlier training gliders but fitted with low powered engines, placing them amongst the first motor gliders. The Avia 50-MP (MP for moteur planeur or motor glider) was the more basic of the two and was a development of the Avia XV-A.
The Avia 50-MP was a monoplane with a two piece high wing of rectangular plan, with blunted tips and about 4.5° of sweep. Broad chord ailerons filled about half the span. The roots were attached to a streamlined, fuselage mounted pillar, and each wing was braced from about half span to the lower fuselage with a pair of parallel struts. The pillar also mounted the pusher configuration 19 kW (25 hp) Poinsard flat twin engine, its cylinders exposed for air-cooling and driving a 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) two bladed propeller just behind the wing trailing edge.
The pilot's single, open cockpit was immediately in front of the wing-mounting pillar in an oval section forward fuselage similar to those of the motorless gliders. The position of the propeller disc just behind the wing required the rear fuselage to be rather shallow, so it was formed by four longerons with plywood covering, resulting in a rectangular section. The empennage was conventional, with a triangular tailplane sitting on a low, raised step with a curved leading edge and carrying straight tapered, square tipped, unbalanced elevators. The rear of the step mounted the rudder hinge bearing a tall, straight tapered and flat topped balanced rudder. The rudder extended to a rounded heel at the keel via cut-aways in the inner edges of the elevators.
The Avia 50-MP landed on an under-fuselage skid fitted with two retractable wheels to facilitate ground handling. The earliest design had always included the possibility of an alternative wheeled undercarriage and by June 1934, just a month after the first tests, it had been fitted. Each of the normal size wheels were mounted on a V-strut from mid-fuselage, with an axle to the central fuselage underside. The tail was protected by a small bumper.
The first flight was piloted by Eric Nessler and took place on 17 May 1934. There are references to its activities in the French glider scene at least until 1938, when it was being used by the L'Air group.

## Specifications

Data from L'Aérophile 1934
General characteristics
* Crew: One
* Length: 6.50 m (21 ft 4 in)
* Wingspan: 11.10 m (36 ft 5 in)
* Wing area: 15.2 m$^2$ (164 sq ft)
* Aspect ratio: 8
* Empty weight: 185 kg (408 lb)
* Gross weight: 265 kg (584 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Poinsard 25hp 2-cyl air-cooled flat twin, 15 kW (20 hp)
* Propellers: 2-bladed, 1.60 m (5 ft 3 in) diameter
Performance
* Maximum speed: 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kn)
* Landing speed: 40 km/h (25 mph)
# Tawana Kupe

Tawana Kupe is a Zimbabwean academic. He was the vice-chancellor of the University of Pretoria in South Africa. Prior to this appointment he held several senior positions at the University of Witwatersrand, including deputy vice-chancellor and vice-principal, where he also founded the Media Studies Department. He also lectured at Rhodes University. Before Rhodes, he worked in various academic capacities at the University of Zimbabwe.

## Life

Professor Kupe served as the executive dean of the Wits Faculty of Humanities for six years, between January 2007 and December 2012, after serving as the head of the then Wits School of Literature and Language Studies, and the founding Head of the Media Studies Department. Prior to joining Wits, Professor Kupe lectured at Rhodes University between 1999 and 2001. He joined Rhodes from the University of Zimbabwe, where he worked in various academic capacities from 1988, including as chairperson of the Department of English, Media and Communication Studies. He was announced as vice-chancellor in November 2018, replacing Cheryl de la Rey. Professor Kupe holds a BA Honours degree and Masters in English from the University of Zimbabwe, as well as a DPhil in Media Studies from the University of Oslo in Norway. In December 2019, Professor Kupe was awarded an honorary doctorate degree in humanities by Michigan State University (MSU) and by the University of Montpellier. Kupe was named a Knight of the French Legion of Honour for his contributions to interdisciplinary research and academic collaboration. University council announced Kupe's resignation from his position as vice-chancellor and principal of the University of Pretoria, effective July 2023.

## Controversy

In June 2023 Kupe unexpectedly resigned from his post as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Pretoria, 6 months before the end of his term. Local media reported that he had recently been cleared of sexual harassment allegations. It was subsequently revealed that Kupe had previously been found guilty of sexual harassment at the University of the Witwatersrand where he was given a final written warning.

## Current positions

* Chairperson for Africa – Australia-Africa Universities Network (AAUN), (2019-)

## Former positions

* Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Vice-Principal – University of the Witwatersrand
* Vice-Chancellor and Principal – University of Pretoria, South Africa (2019- 2023)
# Trumba

Trumba is a city and commune of Angola, located in the province of Bié.
# Lype

Lype is a genus of net tube caddisflies in the family Psychomyiidae. There are more than 20 described species in Lype.

## Species

These 22 species belong to the genus Lype:
* Lype afra Mosely, 1939
* Lype atnia Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 1993
* Lype auripilis McLachlan, 1884
* Lype daurica Ivanov & Levanidova in Arefina, Ivanov & Levanidova, 1996
* Lype dhumravarna Schmid, 1972
* Lype diversa (Banks, 1914)
* Lype excisa Mey, 1991
* Lype flavospinosa Mosely, 1930
* Lype formosana
* Lype lubaretsi
* Lype nitida Statzner, 1976
* Lype phaeopa (Stephens, 1836)
* Lype reducta (Hagen, 1868)
* Lype saxonica Mey, 1985
* Lype sinuata McLachlan, 1878
* Lype tipmanee Chantaramongkol & Malicky, 1986
* Lype vietnamella Mey, 1996
* † Lype essentia Melnitsky & Ivanov, 2013
* † Lype eximia Ulmer, 1912
* † Lype prolongata Ulmer, 1912
* † Lype recta Mey, 1988
* † Psychomyia sericea (Pictet & Hagen, 1856)
# Goniobranchus cazae

Goniobranchus cazae is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from Khawr Faddan, United Arab Emirates.

## Description

Goniobranchus cazae is a bright opaque white chromodorid nudibranch with irregular, well-defined, dark purple blotches on the mantle and a mantle margin of the same colour. There are raised yellow-orange spots in the purple patches. The gills and rhinophores are bright white.
# Massylaea

Massylaea is a genus of air-breathing land snails, a pulmonate gastropod in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
It contains the following species:
* Massylaea massylaea (Morelet, 1851)
* Massylaea punica (Morelet, 1851)

## Species brought into synonymy

* Massylaea bisseyana Pallary, 1933: synonym of Loxana rerayana (Mousson, 1873) (original combination)
* Massylaea bournazeliana Pallary, 1933: synonym of Loxana lechatelieri (Pallary, 1917) (original combination)
* Massylaea constantina (E. Forbes, 1838): synonym of Eobania constantina (E. Forbes, 1838)
* Massylaea derbesi Pallary, 1933: synonym of Loxana rerayana (Mousson, 1873) (original combination)
* Massylaea rerayana (Mousson, 1873): synonym of Loxana rerayana (Mousson, 1873) (superseded generic combination)
* Massylaea severinae Pallary, 1918: synonym of Loxana severinae (Pallary, 1918)
* Massylaea vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774): synonym of Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
# Massively parallel quantum chemistry

Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry (MPQC) is an ab initio computational chemistry software program. Three features distinguish it from other quantum chemistry programs such as Gaussian and GAMESS: it is open-source, has an object-oriented design, and is created from the beginning as a parallel processing program. It is available in Ubuntu and Debian.
MPQC provides implementations for a number of important methods for calculating electronic structure, including Hartree–Fock, Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (including its explicitly correlated linear R12 versions), and density functional theory.
# Ann Wolff

Ann Wolff (born 1937, Lübeck, Germany) is a glass artist who lives and works in both Gotland, Sweden, and in Berlin, Germany. Wolff's blown, engraved, and cast work explores the lives of women, their relationship with one another, and their position in society. She is considered one of the founders of the international Studio Glass movement.

## Biography

Born in Lübeck, Germany, Wolff moved to Sweden after graduating from the Ulm School of Design in 1959. Her career as a glass designer and artist led to her involvement as an instructor at the Pilchuck Glass School in Seattle, Washington, as early as 1977. Wolff was born Ann Schaefer, but changed her last name to Wolff in honor of her maternal grandmother in 1985 after a divorce from fellow glass artist Göran Wärff. She established a non-profit foundation, AWC (Ann Wolff Collection Foundation), in Berlin, Germany, in 2008.

## Career

Wolff trained at Hochschule für Gestaltung, Ulm, Germany between 1956 and 1959. She has worked as a designer at Pukeberg Glasbruk, Sweden, and Kosta Boda, Kosta, Sweden. She established an independent studio practice in Transjö, Kosta, Sweden in 1978, later opening studios in Kyllaj and Visby in Gotland, Sweden, and in Berlin, Germany.
Her work resides in many international public collections including: The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, Virginia; Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York; Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, Hokkaido, Japan; Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, California; Mint Museum of Craft + Design, Charlotte, North Carolina; Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris; National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo; and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

## Awards

Wolff is the recipient of numerous awards. Some of her more recent acknowledgements include the Jurors Award, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio (2005); Jurors Award, Muskegon Museum of Art, Muskegon, Michigan (2006); Award of Excellence, Smithsonian Renwick Collections, Washington, DC (2008); Award of Excellence, Tacoma Museum of Glass, Tacoma, Washington (2010); and the Lifetime Achievement Award, Glass Art Society (2011). Older awards Wolff has won range from the Lunning Prize, New York, NY in 1968, to the Rakow Commission in 1997 The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY.
# Anoista

Anoista is a genus of moths of the family Yponomeutidae.

## Species

* Anoista insolita - Turner, 1938
* This article on a moth of the family Yponomeutidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Another Man's Wife (novel)

Another Man's Wife is a 1934 novel by the British writer Marie Belloc Lowndes.
# Antanandehibe

Antanandehibe is a rural municipality located in the Atsinanana region of eastern Madagascar, It is located in the Antanambao Manampotsy (district).
# Masuzō

Masuzō, Masuzo or Masuzou (written: 益三) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Masuzo Madono, Japanese footballer
* Masuzo Shikata (志方 益三) (1895–1964), Japanese chemist
# Gonzalagunia bifida

Gonzalagunia bifida is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.
# D.O. Mills Bank Building

Mills Bank Building, also called the D. O. Mills Bank Building, is a historical bank in Sacramento, California, built in 1852 in Old Sacramento. It is a California Historical Landmark No. 609, registered on May 22, 1957. It was built by Darius Ogden Mills and was the oldest and largest bank of early California.

## History

Darius O. Mills moved to Sacramento in 1848 at age 22 from North Salem, New York, set on looking for gold, but changed to trading. He sold goods in San Francisco and took them up the San Joaquin River for California Gold Rush miners. From this he saw the need for bank to support them. With his brothers, he started the bank on the corner of 3rd Street and J Street. He incorporated the National Gold Bank of D. O. Mills and Company in 1872. The bank was very successful and, in 1912, a new building was built at 7th Street and I Street. Mills died on January 3, 1910, at Millbrae, California, at the age of 84.
In 1925, there was a merger of California National Bank, the California Trust & Savings Bank and the National Bank of D. O. Mills. The 3rd Street and J Street building was expanded and called the California National Bank. The bank closed in 1933, after President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Emergency Banking Act of 1933. No depositors lost their funds after the closure. The building was sold to the State of California and used for the California Bureau of Vital Statistics, the California Industrial Accident Claims Board and other California offices. The Bank of Sacramento opened at 812 J Street in 1963 and moved to the former State building May 1966. The Bank of Sacramento was merged into Security Pacific National Bank in August 1979. In 1990, the bank building was sold to private owners.
The building's first floor is the Sacramento Grand Ballroom. In 2017, a food court was added. Some of the bank building has been saved including the original antique brass teller cages and the Italian Marble bar railing. "National Bank of D. O. Mills & Co." and the numerals 1912 are set into the granite front of the building.
# Mata Sundri College for Women

Mata Sundri College for Women also shortly known as Mata Sundari College is a constituent college of University of Delhi. The college was founded in 1967 by Delhi Sikhs Gurudwara Management Committee. At present 4000+ students are enrolled in various Certificate, Diploma, undergraduate and Postgraduate courses available in the college. The college is located in the central Delhi and comes under the jurisdiction of the North Campus of University of Delhi. It is named after Mata Sundari, wife of tenth Sikh guru Guru Gobind Singh and is located adjacent to Mata Sundri Gurdwara.

## History

The college began with 21 faculty members in 1967. Several new courses, such as B.A. (Hons.) in Punjabi, Hindi, Sanskrit, History, Political Science, and Philosophy were added in 1968 and 1969. Postgraduate courses in Punjabi and Sanskrit were introduced in 1976 and 1978, respectively, further diversifying the academic offerings. Additional courses, including B.A. (Hons.) in Mathematics and B.Com. (Pass), were introduced in 1978.

## Courses Offered

The college offers various undergraduate and postgraduate courses.

### Undergraduate courses

* Humanities
B.A. (Hons) English B.A. (Hons) Hindi B.A. (Hons) History B.A. (Hons) Philosophy B.A. (Hons) Political Science B.A. (Hons) Psychology B.A. (Hons) Punjabi B.A. (Hons) Sanskrit B.A. Programme
* Commerce
B.Com. B.Com. (Hons) B.El.Ed. B.Sc. (Hons) Mathematics

### Add on Certificate/Diploma Courses

a. Part Time Certificate/Diploma/Advance Diploma:- Computer and its Applications Textile Designing Travel and Tourism b. Certificate Courses in Foreign Languages:- French German Spanish

## Facilities

The college houses a large and spacious library.

## Transport

ITO metro station is about 1 km from college campus.

## Security issues

College students have expressed concerns about safety with cases of stalking by men being reported.
# Anterastria teratophora

Anterastria teratophora, the grey marvel, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer in 1854. It is found in North America from Quebec west to central Alberta, south to Florida and Arizona.
The wingspan is about 25 mm. Adults are on wing from May to August depending on the location. There is one generation per year.
The larvae feed on Mentha and Monarda species.
# Antera Duke

Antera Duke (alive as late as 1788) was a leading African slave trader and Efik chief from Old Calabar in the Bight of Biafra in eastern Nigeria (now in Cross River State) during the late eighteenth century. He gradually prospered and was member of the local Ekpe society that had a great amount of power over slave trade. He arranged funerals, which for men of standing like himself included the ritual sacrifice of slaves, who were decapitated to accompany the master into the spirit world. Duke and his fellow Efik traders "dressed as white men" and entertained captains of Slave ships.
His diary, written in Nigerian Pidgin English, was discovered in Scotland and published. This diary records his interactions with British merchants to whom he sold slaves; he writes about wearing "white man trousers" and entertaining the merchants he traded with.
In addition to trading slaves, Duke sometimes caught the slaves himself. According to his diary, once he settled an old score with a Bakassi merchant by capturing him and his two slaves and personally delivering them aboard a slave ship. During the three years he kept his diary (1785-88), he noted the departure of twenty vessels (all from Liverpool) he had helped to "slave".
A new edition of his diary, edited by Stephen D. Behrendt, A. J. H. Latham, and David Northrup, was published by Oxford University Press in 2010.
# Mathura Kaliamman Temple, Siruvachur

The Sri Madhura Kaliamman Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Kali located in the village of Siruvachur in the Perambalur taluk of Perambalur District, India. Siruvachur is located at a distance of 5 km from Perambalur, its nearest town. The Car festival and the annual Panguni festivals are important festivals celebrated.

## History

The place where the temple was constructed is believed to be the place where Kannagi, the idol of the Tamil epic Silappatikaram, reassured herself after burning Madurai city to the ground. According to tradition, Goddess Chelliamman was a local deity of Siruvachur. Her powers became delimited by a tantrik, who started using the powers and for destructive purposes. Kannagi came across this Devi temple at Siruvachur and decided to rest there for the night. During her stay, Chelliamman revealed her servitude, and Kannagi killed the tantrik and saved Chelliamman. Kannagi now received the name as Madura Kaliamman, as she is from Madurai & got rid of the tantric with the blessings of Goddess Kali. Chelliamman, as a gesture of gratitude and also in order to greet Madura Kaliamman, moved to the Periaswamimali, a nearby hillock, requesting the latter to stay in Siruvachur to which Madura Kaliamman accepted with a suggestion that the initial offerings shall be presented to her (Chelliamman). The temple is about 1000 years old. Sri Mathura Kaliamman is the kula devata (family deity) of the saint Sri Jagadguru Mahaperiyava Chandrasekharendra Saraswati Mahaswami of the Sri Kanchipuram Kamakoti Peetham.

## Deities

The prime deity is Mathura Kaliamman. The temple is open to devotees only twice a week – Monday and Friday. It is believed that the main deity, Mathura Kaliamman, stays with Chelliamman during the remaining days of the week.

## Festivals

A Car festival is held annually during the month of May. During the festival, the idol of goddess Mathura Kaliamman is brought from the shrine to the car where rituals are performed. The car-festival is a part of the annual festival that is celebrated for a period of 13 days.
A yearly Mahabishekam to the Deity has been performed since 1974 by Sri Mathurakaliamman Mahabhisheha Association(a registered autonomous body). This Mahabishekam is performed during the last Friday of Tamil month "Thai".

## Places to Stay

* Hotel Temple In - Boarding & Lodging. Opposite to Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College (about 3 km from the temple, on the Chennai - Trichy NH 45). Cell - 73732 11299; 73732 11277
* Hotel Aryas

## Places to Eat

* Hotel Ashwin - High class vegetarian food; Opposite to Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College (about 5 km from the temple, on the Chennai - Trichy NH 45)
* Hotel Aryas - High class vegetarian food (within 4 km) from the temple, on NH 45
# Antczak

Antczak is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Jakub Antczak (born 2004), Polish footballer
* Jerzy Antczak (born 1929), Polish film director
* Zdzisław Antczak (1947–2019), Polish handball player
# Goobang (Ashburnham County parish)

Goobang is a bounded rural locality, and cadastral parish in Parkes Shire, Central, New South Wales, Australia, and is about 300km west-northwest of NSW's capital city of Sydney, and is on the Goobang Creek.
Prior to European settlement, the Goobang area was inhabited by the Wiradjuri people. Major Thomas Mitchell and John Oxley were early explorers in the area. The area was first opened up in the 19th century Gold rush of western New South Wales. Today the main economic activity is wheat and sheep.
Goobang is a rail junction for the Parkes–Narromine and Broken Hill railway lines.