OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Missouri, Kansas, & Texas Railway Co. of Texas v. May

Missouri, Kansas, [sic] & Texas Railway Company of Texas v. Clay May, 194 U.S. 267 (1904), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that a Texas law did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution by penalizing only railroad companies for allowing certain weeds to mature and go to seed on their land.

## Overview

Clay May, a Texas farmer who was not represented by counsel, obtained a penalty payment of US$25 from the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway of Texas (the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway's Texas subsidiary), also known as the "MKT", for having allowed Johnson grass to grow on its land. Under a 1901 Texas law, any railroad allowing Johnson grass or Russian thistle to mature and go to seed on their land would have to pay this penalty to owners of adjacent land, as long as those owners had not done the same thing. The MKT appealed and lost, and then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that the law violated the equal-treatment provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment, as it penalized only railroad companies and not other individuals or companies that allowed these weeds to grow.

## Decision

Justice Holmes, less than two years into his service on the Supreme Court, wrote for the Court's majority that a state law "should not be disturbed by the courts under the 14th Amendment, unless they can see clearly that there is no fair reason for the law that would not require ... its extension to others whom it leaves untouched." He wrote the Court felt "unable to say" whether the law was too arbitrary; that "it would have been more obviously fair" to also penalize highways; but offered several possible explanations for the Texas legislature's singling out of the railroads, and wrote that "legislatures are ultimate guardians of the liberties and welfare of the people in quite as great a degree as the courts." This latter line has been quoted numerous times in subsequent U.S. Supreme Court opinions, when the author of an opinion or dissent has deferred to a legislature. Although brief, Holmes's opinion has been said to have "displayed in miniature ... most of the features of his mature constitutional thought."

## Dissent

Justice Brown dissented, writing that the Texas law did not treat railroads differently because of the nature of a railroad, but pursued the railroad "merely as the proprietor of certain land alongside its track", which was excessively arbitrary under the Fourteenth Amendment, as other landowners were not penalized for the same offense.
# GNOME Dictionary

GNOME Dictionary, also called gnome-dictionary, is a DICT client written in C by Emmanuele Bassi and others. It is part of the free software GNOME desktop suite. It allows users to look up words in various dictionary sources.
Gnome-dictionary was at first an independent DICT protocol client called gdict, created by Bradford Hovinen, Spiros Papadimitriou and Mike Hughes; it was included inside the gnome-utils meta-package during the 1.x release cycle. As a companion to the original application was also added, an applet for gnome-panel.
After the 2.0 release of GNOME, due to lack of direct maintainership, the code base of gdict passed the point of being maintainable. In October 2005, the current maintainer of gnome-dictionary Emmanuele Bassi decided to rewrite the application and applet from scratch, removing the old (and mostly deprecated) code.
The new gnome-dictionary was added to GNOME during the 2.13 development cycle and became part of the 2.14 GNOME release. It supports multiple dictionary sources, printing the definitions found and saving them to a text file, and has a simpler user interface. The logic of the application and the applet has been moved inside its own shared library called libgdict which can be used by third-party applications. As of July 2006 the development version of gnome-dictionary became feature equivalent to the pre-2.14 release, with the addition of the list of similar words found (also known as speller).
# McKinnan Gulch

McKinnan Gulch is a valley in Marin County, California, United States.
It contains a small stream which descends the western slope of the Bolinas Ridge and drains into Bolinas Lagoon.
Near the head of the gulch is an ore vein (reported in 1955) containing chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, and calcite.
37°54′46″N 122°39′49″W﻿ / ﻿37.912704°N 122.663594°W﻿ / 37.912704; -122.663594
# Zeballos

Zeballos may refer to:

## Places
### Vancouver Island, Canada

* Zeballos, British Columbia, a village
** Zeballos Water Aerodrome, an aerodrome
* Zeballos Inlet, an inlet
* Zeballos River
* Zeballos Peak, a mountain
* Zeballos Lake

## People with the surname

* Estanislao Zeballos (1854–1923), Argentine politician
* Federico Zeballos (born 1988), Bolivian tennis player
* Fernando de Zeballos (1732–1802), Spanish priest and theologian
* Horacio Zeballos (born 1985), Argentine tennis player
* Pablo Zeballos (born 1986), Paraguayan soccer player
* Washington Zeballos, Peruvian politician
# Bayer Insectarium

The Bayer Insectarium is an insectarium located within the Saint Louis Zoo in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Having opened in 2000 and designed by David Mason & Associates with a cost of $4 million, this 9,000 square feet (840 m$^2$) facility houses educational exhibits and an active breeding and research facility. It also includes a window to the exhibits area and two-way communications so visitors may watch entomologists work and ask them questions. The facility even includes a geodesic flight dome cage, which is home to numerous rainforest flowers and butterfly species.
The Bayer Insectarium is open every day except Christmas and New Years days. Admission to the zoo and the insectarium is free.

## Butterfly collection

The insectarium includes a tropical garden and pollinarium. The gallery (below) illustrates a few specimens from the pollinarium's collection.
* Adelpha fessonia Mexican sister, underside
* Agraulis vanillae Gulf fritillary
* Heliconius cydno cydno longwing, underside
* Heliconius erato red postman
* Heliconius hecale tiger longwing
* Hypolimnas bolina great egg fly, male
* Idea leuconoe paper kite
* Junonia atlites gray pansy
* Phoebis sennae cloudless sulphur
* Precis iphita chocolate pansy
* Princeps memnon great Mormon, female
* Princeps memnon great Mormon, male
* Siproeta stelenes malachite, underside
# The American Revolution; Written in the Style of Ancient History

The American Revolution; Written in the Style of Ancient History is a 1793 account of the American Revolution written by Richard Snowden (1753–1825). An example of "pseudo-biblicism", it imitates the language of the King James Version of the Bible.

## Overview

Despite adopting a biblical style, the work is relatively devoid of religious material, like most pseudo-biblical works. The work was aimed at schoolchildren, with Snowden writing that the style was chosen as the style "most suitable to the capacities of young people". The work was published with verse numbers and uses English of the Jacobean Era, similar to that found in the King James Version of the Bible published in 1611.
In the work, modern place names are replaced with archaic-sounding names, e.g. France is called Gaul.
# Darko Nicholas Asomaning

Darko Nicholas Asomaning (born 2 June 1939) is a Ghanaian politician, economist, and farmer. He served as member of the first parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana for the Fanteakwa constituency in the Eastern region of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Asomaning was born on 2 June 1939 in the Eastern Region of Ghana. He attended Ealing Technical College where he earned his Bachelor of Science in economics.

## Politics

Asomaning was elected during the 1992 Ghanaian parliamentary election as member of the first parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress.
He lost the seat in 1996 Ghanaian general election to Samuel Ofosu-Ampofo of the National Democratic Congress. He won the seat with 21,284 votes which represented 46.90% of the share by defeating Robert Addo-Fening of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) who obtained 14,241 votes which represented 31.40% of the share, Reuben Gordon Ofosu of the National Democratic Congress who obtained 59 votes which represented 0.10%, Akrasi Joseph Romulus of the People's National Convention (PNC) and Beatrice Ayim Yeboah of the Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere (EGLE) who obtained no vote.

## Career

A Christian, Asomaning was M.P. for Fanteakwa from 7 January 1993 to 7 January 1997.
# Thorulf of Orkney

Thorulf or Torulf (fl. mid-11th century) was medieval prelate, a Bishop of Orkney. Although probably a native Scandinavian, he is known only from the account of the German writer Adam of Bremen. Adam reported that he was appointed bishop by Adalbert, Archbishop of Hamburg, the first Orcadian appointee under Hamburg overlordship. Thorulf's period of appointment coincided with the reign of Earl Thorfinn Sigurdsson, alleged builder of the Birsay church and founder of the bishopric of Orkney.

## Hamburg and Orkney

Thorulf is known only from one source. According to the late 11th-century Saxon writer Adam of Bremen, he was appointed as bishop of Blascona in Orkney by Adalbert, Archbishop of Hamburg. In the mid-11th century, the Archbishop of Hamburg's jurisdiction extended over Scandinavia. Historians identify Blascona with Birsay (Old Norse: Birgisherað), Blascona a Latinisation perhaps derived from an older form.
Adam leaves no personal details about Thorulf, but supplies some information about the Orkney see, stating that the:
   ...Orkney Islands, although they had previously been ruled by English and Scottish bishops, our primate [Adalbert] on the pope's order consecrated Thorulf bishop for the city of Birsay [in civitatem Blasconam], and he was to have cure of all.
The date was approximately 1050, though could have been at any point between 1043 and 1072, the episcopate of Adalbert. The date 1050 is suggested as this was around the time that Earl Thorfinn Sigurdsson, ruler of Orkney, visited Rome.

## Thorulf and Thorfinn

As Adam mentioned that the Orcadians had sent legates, it is thought that Thorulf was appointed at Orcadian instigation, and it has even be suggested that the earl himself was among these legates. Historian Barbara Crawford thought that Thorulf was a Scandindavian, and a close associate of the earl. The Orkneyinga saga related that Birsay was the permanent residence of Earl Thorfinn, and that the earl built a minster there [dedicated to Christ] as the seat of the first Orkney bishop.
Although this specific claim may not be true [one previous bishop is known], it is nevertheless taken as evidence that Thorfinn's reign was a significant turning point for the earldom, suggesting according to historian Ronald Cant "a deliberate plan on the part of the earl to perfect the organization of the church in Orkney". Thorfinn and Thorulf's Christ Church has been identified with the Romanesque ruins on the tidal island known as Brough of Birsay, but there is also evidence that it was located over in the Mainland next to the Earl's palace.
# Bulbophyllum maudeae

Bulbophyllum maudeae is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Diocese of Port Elizabeth

Diocese of Port Elizabeth may refer to:
* the Roman Catholic Diocese of Port Elizabeth
* the Anglican Diocese of Port Elizabeth
# Aleksander Eelmaa

Aleksander Eelmaa (6 November 1946 – 21 July 2021) was an Estonian actor.
Eelmaa was born in Viljandi. From 1968 to 1969 he studied at the Estonian SSR Theatre Association's pantomime studio. From 1976 to 1981 he was an actor at Estonian Youth Theatre, from 1981 to 1990 at Vanalinnastuudio, from 1990 to 2006 at Estonian Drama Theatre, from 2007 to 2015 at Tallinn City Theatre, and from 2015 again at Estonian Drama Theatre.
Besides theatrical roles he also played on several films (Agent Wild Duck, A Friend of Mine and Vana daami visiit) and television series (Tuulepealne maa and Õnne 13).
Eelmaa's children are actor and director Taavi Eelmaa and theatre artist Liisi Eelmaa.
Eelmaa died on 21 July 2021, at the age of 74 in Ohtla. He was appearing in the play Kadunud kodu at the Saueaugu Theatre Farm, which had premiered the night before his death.

## Awards

* 1984: Ants Lauter prize
* 2004 Order of the White Star, IV class.

## Selected filmography

* 1980: Metskannikesed
* since 1996: Õnne 13
* 2002: Ferdinand
* 2005: Vanameeste paradiis
* 2006: Ruudi
* 2011: Üks mu sõber
* 2012–2013: Tupiktänava mehed
# Great Temple

Great Temple is a general name for the most prominent temple of an ancient city. It may refer to:
* Great Temple of Abu Simbel
* Great Temple of Abydos
* Great Temple of the Aten
* Great Temple at Karnak
* Great Temples of Nanto (Nara)
* Great Temple (Petra)
* Great Temple of Ptah
* Great Temple of Templo Mayor
* Padangtegal Great Temple of Death
# Milwaukee Panthers basketball

Milwaukee Panthers basketball may refer to either of the basketball teams that represent the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee:
* Milwaukee Panthers men's basketball
* Milwaukee Panthers women's basketball
# Ardglass F.C.

Ardglass Football Club was a Northern Irish junior-level football club playing in the Newcastle & District League. The club hails from Ardglass, County Down, Northern Ireland and was founded in 1973, when it joined the Newcastle & District League before being admitted to the Northern Amateur Football League in 1992. After being relegated from the Premier Division in 2017 the club announced their withdrawal from the Amateur League, citing a lack of players for the decision. The club played in the Irish Cup.
# Thorsø, Denmark

Thorsø is a village, with a population of 1,736 (1 January 2024), located in Favrskov Municipality of the Central Denmark Region in the Jutland peninsula of Denmark.
# Bulbophyllum mearnsii

Bulbophyllum mearnsii is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
# Beskid Andrychów

KS Beskid Andrychów is a Polish football club from, Andrychów, Lesser Poland. The club name is derived from the Beskid Mountains. They currently play in the IV liga Lesser Poland, the fifth tier of Polish league competition.

## History

The club was founded in 1919 under the name "KS Beskid Andrychów", as a multi-sports club. The club quickly changed its name to "KS Włókniarz Andrychów" whilst playing in the Kraków district league between 1951 and 1962. The following five seasons they played in the third tier. In the 1953–54 season, they reached the second round of the Polish Cup, beating Stilon Gorzów Wielkopolski 4–1 in the first before being narrowly edged out 4–1 in a penalty shoot-out after a 3–3 draw against Zagłębie Sosnowiec.
The club, which by 2001 already only had the football and volleyball sections left functioning, split and the football section changed its name to "TS Beskid Andrychów" whilst the volleyball section had been reformed as "MKS Andrychów". The club was in financial difficulties so on 14 December 2007, the board resigned, and it was re-founded under the name of "AKS Beskid Andrychów" under a new management, allowing the club to maintain its league position and continue the heritage of the "Beskid" name uninterrupted. The club spent the majority of the last two decades oscillating between the sixth, fifth and fourth tiers of Polish football.

## Notable players

Many locally born footballers started their professional careers at Beskid, most notably Mariusz Magiera who went on to become an Ekstraklasa regular and Polish internationals Stanisław Paździor and Adam Kokoszka.

## Fans

The club has a small but dedicated ultras group, Ultras Beskid, who are capable of presenting difficult and impressive tifos, a great source of pride for such a small team. On 27 April the fans travelled 265 km for a match against KSZO Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, the furthest away game in the club's history. The fans have a friendship with fans of Energie Cottbus and also used to maintain good relations with Górnik Libiąż fans until 2011. Their biggest rival is Unia Oświęcim.

## Honours

* III liga
** Eight place: 2012–13, 2013–14
* Polish Cup
** Second round: 1953–54
* Polish Cup (Wadowice regionals)
** Winners: 2014–15, 2019–20
# Diocese of Pretoria

Diocese of Pretoria may refer to:
* the Anglican Diocese of Pretoria
* the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pretoria
# Gaelic games in North America

Gaelic games in North America or North America GAA is an unofficial provincial council for the Gaelic Athletic Association and Gaelic games in North America. The board is also responsible for the Gaelic Athletic Association sports of hurling, Gaelic football, camogie, rounders and handball in North America. They do not have a high profile in North America, but are developing sports.
The Gaelic games in North America are governed by three Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) County boards: In Canada, Gaelic games are governed by Gaelic Games Canada, while in the USA they are governed by the United States GAA and the New York GAA. Many tournaments include cultural events.

## County boards

* Canada
* New York
* United States

## All-Ireland Football Championship
### New York

New York, along with London, has fielded a representative team in the Connacht Senior Football Championship since 1999. They have fielded a team in the Tailteann Cup since 2022. New York’s second team has competed in the All-Ireland Junior Football Championship since 2022. New York plays its home games at the 2,000 seat Gaelic Park, a stadium in Riverdale in the Bronx, New York owned by Manhattan College. New York won their first ever connacht match in 2023, defeating Leitrim.

### Canada

Canada has never competed in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

### United States

The United States has never competed in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship.

## History

The New York Board is the oldest county board of the GAA in North America; however, Gaelic games were played in many parts of the continent before the foundation of the GAA, and the organisation of county boards. Hurling was recorded as being played in the Colony of Newfoundland in 1788. The New York GAA has a long history in Gaelic games starting at a time of the mass immigration to New York from Ireland. The first organized hurling and football club in New York was founded in 1857.
The Toronto Divisional board of the GAA was formed in 1947.
# Daring Deeds

Daring Deeds is a 1927 American silent comedy film directed by Duke Worne and starring Billy Sullivan, Molly Malone and Earl Metcalfe.

## Synopsis

After arguing with his father, an airplane manufacturer, William Gordon Jr. flies off in his plane in search of adventure. He manages to fall in love and win a transcontinental air race.

## Cast

* Billy Sullivan as William Gordon Jr
* Molly Malone as Helen Courtney
* Earl Metcalfe as Rance Sheldon
* Thomas G. Lingham as William Gordon Sr
* Robert Walker as Walter Sarles
* Lafe McKee as John Courtney
* Milburn Morante as 'Smudge' Rafferty
* Robert Littlefield as Mysterious Stranger
# Ian Dalziel (footballer)

Ian Dalziel (born 24 October 1962) is an English former footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Derby County, Hereford United and Carlisle United. He later played for Gateshead.
He was assistant manager at Morecambe from September 2000 to November 2001.
# Beatrice Siegrist

Beatrice Houllier Siegrist (born 21 December 1934) is a French composer, music educator, and organist who is best known for winning an Honorable Mention for composition in the Prix de Rome and for her compositions for trombone.
Siegrist was born in Paris. She studied music at the Paris Conservatory and the Ecole Normale de Musique. After graduating, she taught solfege at the Toulouse Conservatory and several other schools in Paris and Toulouse. She also worked as an organist in Paris.
Siegrist won an Honorable Mention in the Prix de Rome and first prize for counterpoint and fugue at the Ecole Normale de Musique. Her music is published by Editions Francaises de Musique and Editions Musicales Transatlantiques. Her compositions include:

## Chamber

* Essai (two percussion)
* Five Pieces (trombone and piano)
* Le Plaisir du Tromboniste (piano and trombone; transcribed from cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach; revised by Camille Verdier)
* Suite (four trombones)
* Tarantelle (three wind instruments)
* Three Pieces (trumpet and piano)
* Trucs in B Flat (clarinet and piano)
* Two Pieces (flute and piano)
* Variations on a Chorale by Martin Luther (unspecified winds)

## Vocal

* Chorus for Three Equal Voices
* “Melodies” (text by Paul Fort)
* “Soleils Couchants” (text by Paul Verlaine)
# The Assassination of Julius Caesar (album)

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 82/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| The Independent | |
| The Quietus | (favorable) |
| Spin | (favorable) |
| Sputnikmusic | 4.3/5 |
The Assassination of Julius Caesar is the eleventh studio album by Norwegian electronic band Ulver, released on 7 April 2017 via London-based label House of Mythology. The album was recorded and produced by Ulver in Oslo throughout summer 2016 and winter 2017 with mixing by Martin Glover and Michael Rendall in London, January 2017.
The cover artwork is a cropped photograph of The Rape of Proserpina (Italian: Ratto di Proserpina), a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. It depicts the abduction of Proserpina, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto.

## Personnel

Ulver
* Kristoffer Rygg – vocals, additional programming
* Tore Ylvisaker – keyboards, programming
* Ole Alexander Halstensgård – electronics
* Jørn H. Sværen – miscellaneous
Additional musicians
* Håvard Jørgensen – guitar (track 7)
* Anders Møller – percussion
* Rikke Normann – vocals (track 2)
* Daniel O'Sullivan – guitar (tracks 4 and 6)
* Dag Stiberg – saxophone (track 8)
* Sisi Sumbundu – vocals (tracks 2 and 7)
* Ivar Thormodsæter – drums
* Nik Turner – saxophone (track 2)
* Stian Westerhus – guitar (tracks 1 and 2)
# Greene Township, Trumbull County, Ohio

Greene Township is one of the twenty-four townships of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 950 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
* Colebrook Township, Ashtabula County - north
* Wayne Township, Ashtabula County - northeast corner
* Gustavus Township - east
* Johnston Township - southeast corner
* Mecca Township - south
* Bristol Township - southwest corner
* Bloomfield Township - west
* Orwell Township, Ashtabula County - northwest corner
No municipalities are located in Greene Township. Starting in 1825 a crossroads settlement named "Greensburg" in the central part of the township had a post office; it was discontinued in 1892.

## Name and history

Greene Township was established in 1819, and named after one Mr. Greene, a Connecticut Land Company agent. It is the only Greene Township statewide, although there are sixteen Green Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.