OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mayor of Larkana

Nazim-e-Larkana (Urdu: ناظم لاڑکانہ) is the Mayor who heads the Larkana Municipal Corporation (LMC) which controls the Local Government system of Larkana.

## Larkana Municipal Corporation

There are 20 Union Councils in larkana Municipal Corporation(LMC), the body which controls local government of Larkana. The Union Councils elect their chairmen and Vice Chairmen who then elect their Mayor and Deputy Mayor respectively.

## List of mayors

| # | Mayor | Start term | End term | Deputy Mayor | Affiliation | Notes |
| 1 | Mohammad Bakhsh Arijo | Oct 18, 2005 | 2010 | Qurban Abbasi | PML(Q) | District Nazim |
| 2 | Aslam Shaikh | Aug 30, 2016 | Aug 31, 2020 | Anwar Ali Luhar | PPP | SLGA 2013 |
| Administrator System was implemented from September 2020 - present |||||||

## Mayor elections history
### Mayor election 2015

Larkana Municipal Elections 2015 :
| # | Party | SMC | Percentage % |
| 1 | Pakistan Peoples Party | 13 | 87% |
| 2 | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) | 1 | 6.5% |
| 3 | Independents | 1 | 6.5% |
| Total | Total | 15 | 100% |
| Votes Polled | Votes Polled | 317,251 | 52.6% |
| Total Votes | Total Votes | 608,249 | 100% |
The election for local govt of Larkana was held on October 31, 2015
The mayor and deputy mayor of Larkana were elected on August 24, 2016, and took oath in August 2016.
# Thomas P. Hughes

Thomas Parke Hughes (September 13, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American historian of technology. He was an emeritus professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania and a visiting professor at MIT and Stanford.
He received his Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1953.
Hughes, along with John B. Rae, Carl W. Condit, and Melvin Kranzberg, were responsible for the establishment of the Society for the History of Technology and he was a recipient of its highest honor, the Leonardo da Vinci Medal in 1985.
He contributed to the concepts of technological momentum, technological determinism, large technical systems, social construction of technology, and introduced systems theory into the history of technology.
His book American Genesis was shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2003.

## Main works

* Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983. ISBN 0-8018-4614-5.
* Edited with Wiebe E. Bijker and Trevor J. Pinch, eds. The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, 1987.
* Edited with Renate Mayntz. The Development of Large Technical Systems. Frankfurt am Main: Boulder, CO: Campus Verlag; Westview Press, 1988.
* American Genesis: A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm, 1870-1970. New York, NY: Viking, 1989. Which was also a Pulitzer Prize finalist.
* Edited with Agatha C. Hughes. Lewis Mumford: Public Intellectual. New York: 1990.
* Rescuing Prometheus. 1st ed. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998.
* Human-Built World: How to Think About Technology and Culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004. ISBN 0-226-35933-6
# Digital nervous system

Digital nervous system is a phrase, popularly associated with Bill Gates of Microsoft, used to describe a vision for how the IT infrastructure of an enterprise could be analogous to the autonomic nervous system of a biological organism.
Gates made extensive use of the term in his 1999 book Business @ the Speed of Thought. The actual phrase digital nervous system may not have originated with Gates however, as it has been reported that Judith Dayhoff used the term before Gates did.
Steve Ballmer attempted to explain the digital nervous system by saying the following:
    If you think of the human body, what does our nervous system let us do? It lets us hear, see, take input. It lets us think and analyze and plan. It lets us make decisions and communicate and take action. Every company essentially has a nervous system: companies take inputs, they think, they plan, they communicate, they take action. The question is how does the nervous system in your company operate? Is the IT infrastructure really adding value?
Gates himself offered the following explanation as part of a keynote speech at Microsoft's Second Annual CEO Summit in 1998.
    The analogy, of course, is to the biological nervous system where you always have the information you need. You always are alert to the most important things, and you block out the information that's not important. And companies really need to have that same kind of thing: the information that's valuable getting to the people who need to know about it.
Digital nervous system has also been described as being synonymous with the term 'Zero Latency Enterprise', another phrase representing the way an enterprise uses IT systems to rapidly communicate between customers, employees and trading partners.
# List of Winter Olympics venues: T–Z

For the Winter Olympics, there are eight venues that start with the letter 'T', three venues that start with the letter 'U', two venues that start with the letter 'V', no venues that start with the letters 'X' and 'Y', and two venues that start with the letter 'Z'.

## T

| Venue | Games | Sports | Capacity |
| The Ice Sheet at Ogden | 2002 Salt Lake City | Curling | 2,000 |
| The Whistler Sliding Centre | 2010 Vancouver | Bobsleigh, luge, skeleton | 12,000 |
| Théâtre des Cérémonies | 1992 Albertville | Ceremonies (opening/ closing) | Not listed. |
| Tignes | 1992 Albertville | Freestyle skiing | Not listed. |
| Torino Esposizioni | 2006 Turin | Ice hockey | 5,400 |
| Trampolino Italia | 1956 Cortina d'ampezzo | Nordic combined (ski jumping), Ski jumping | 46,152 |
| Tremplin du Praz | 1992 Albertville | Nordic combined, Ski jumping | 20,000 (jumping) 15,000 (Nordic combined – cross-country skiing) |
| Trebević | 1984 Sarajevo | Bobsleigh, Luge | 4,000 (luge) 7,500 (bobsleigh) |
| Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink | 1972 Sapporo | Ice hockey | 6,000 |

## U

| Venue | Games | Sports | Capacity |
| UBC Thunderbird Arena | 2010 Vancouver | Ice hockey | 7,200 |
| Utah Olympic Oval | 2002 Salt Lake City | Speed skating | 5,236 |
| Utah Olympic Park (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track) | 2002 Salt Lake City | Bobsleigh, Luge, Nordic combined (ski jumping), Skeleton, ski jumping | 18,100(ski jumping) 15,000 (bobsleigh, luge, skeleton) |

## V

| Venue | Games | Sports | Capacity | Ref. |
| Val-d'Isère | 1992 Albertville | Alpine skiing (men's downhill, super-giant slalom, giant slalom, and combined) | Not listed. | |
| Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre | 2010 Vancouver | Curling | 6,000 | |

## W

| Venue | Games | Sports | Capacity |
| Whistler Creekside | 2010 Vancouver | Alpine skiing | 7,600 |
| Whistler Olympic Park | 2010 Vancouver | Biathlon, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, ski jumping | 6,000 |
| White Ring | 1998 Nagano | Figure skating, Short track speed skating | 7,351 |
| Whiteface Mountain | 1980 Lake Placid | Alpine skiing | Not listed |
| Wukesong Sports Centre | 2022 Beijing | Ice hockey | 18,000 |

## X

There are no venues that start with the letter 'X'. This includes the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

## Y

There are no venues that start with the letter 'Y'. This includes the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

## Z

| Venue | Games | Sports | Capacity | Ref. |
| Zetra Ice Hall | 1984 Sarajevo | Closing ceremonies, Figure skating, Ice hockey (final) | 15,000 | |
| Zetra Ice Rink | 1984 Sarajevo | Speed skating | Not listed | |
# Electoral district of West Bourke

West Bourke (sometimes Bourke West) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1904. 37°30′S 144°35′E﻿ / ﻿37.500°S 144.583°E﻿ / -37.500; 144.583
The district of West Bourke was one of the initial districts of the first Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856.

## Boundaries

The boundaries of the district included the Great Dividing Range from the source of the Werribee River to the north-eastern branch of the Saltwater River near Big Hill, then from the Saltwater River to the south-western corner of the parish of Bulla Bulla. The eastern boundary included the source of the Moonee Ponds to Flemington Bridge, then south to the Yarra River, Port Phillip Bay and to the mouth of the Werribee River at its source in the Great Dividing Range.

## Members for West Bourke

Two members initially, three from the expansion of 1859. Fewer members after the redistributions of 1877 and 1889.
| Member 1 | Term | Member 2 | Term |
| Patrick Phelan | Nov 1856 – Jan 1860 | Robert McDougall | Nov 1856 – Aug 1857 |
| Patrick Phelan | Nov 1856 – Jan 1860 | Joseph Wilkie | Aug 1857 – Aug 1859 | Member 3 | Term |
| John Carre Riddell | Feb 1860 – April 1877 | Henry Amsinck | Oct 1859 – Jul 1861 | Mark Last King | Oct 1859 – Jul 1861 |
| John Carre Riddell | Feb 1860 – April 1877 | John Smith | Aug 1861 – Jan 1879 | Charles MacMahon | Aug 1861 – Aug 1864 |
| John Carre Riddell | Feb 1860 – April 1877 | John Smith | Aug 1861 – Jan 1879 | Mark Last King | Nov 1864 – Mar 1874 |
| John Carre Riddell | Feb 1860 – April 1877 | John Smith | Aug 1861 – Jan 1879 | John Madden | May 1874 – Oct 1875 |
| Donald Cameron | May 1877 – Feb 1880 | John Smith | Aug 1861 – Jan 1879 |
| Donald Cameron | May 1877 – Feb 1880 | John Smith | Aug 1861 – Jan 1879 | Mark Last King | Nov. 1875 – April 1877 |
| Samuel Staughton Sr. | May 1880 – Jun 1880 | Alfred Deakin | Jul 1879 – Aug 1879 |
| Samuel Staughton Sr. | May 1880 – Jun 1880 | Robert Harper | Aug 1879 – Jun 1880 |
| Bryan O'Loghlen | July 1880 – Feb 1883 | Alfred Deakin | Jul 1880 – Mar 1889 |
| Samuel Staughton Sr. | Feb 1883 – Aug 1901 |
| Samuel Staughton Jr. | Sep 1901 – May 1903 |
| Andrew Robert Robertson | Jun 1903 – May 1904 |
# Maple Works, Wisconsin

Maple Works, also called Mapleworks was a hamlet in the town of Grant, Clark County, Wisconsin, United States. At one time it was a busy rural center with two stores, a saloon, a post office and several residences. According to the tables contained in the 1895 The New 11 x 14 Atlas of the World (New York:Rand McNally Corporation, 1895), Maple Works had a population of 62, but it no longer has residents.
There is now a Mennonite Church at one of the corners and the nearby settlement of Granton has a small diner named after the settlement on the north end of the village. The Windfall Cemetery is located a few blocks south of the Church on Romadka Road.

## History

Maple Works was located a half mile east of the village of Granton at the corner of Fremont and Romandka Roads. In 1857, Nelson Marsh from Pennsylvania settled in the area, coming with an ox team by way of Sparta and cutting a temporary road through the forest. He established a farm and tavern which served as a stagecoach stopping place on the old stage route from Neillsville to Stevens Point which was established in 1858. Marsh was the first postmaster of Maple Works, serving in that capacity until the post office was abolished in the 1890s. The name was initially intended to be Maplewood, but because of unclear handwriting the application for a post office was interpreted as Mapleworks and so remained. When Granton was established in 1890, many buildings were moved from Mapleworks to the new village.
# Austin Building

Austin Building may refer to:
* Building 800-Austin Hall, Montgomery, Alabama, listed on the NRHP in Alabama
* Austin Building (Denver, Colorado), listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Northeast Denver, Colorado
* Glidden-Austin Block, Newcastle, Maine, listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lincoln County, Maine
* Austin City Hall, Austin, Nevada, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
* Austin Masonic and Odd Fellows Hall, Austin, Nevada, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
* Austin, Nichols and Company Warehouse, Brooklyn, New York, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Kings County, New York
* Austin County Jail, Bellville, Texas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Austin County, Texas
* Austin Daily Tribune Building, Austin, Texas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Travis County, Texas
# Grayson County

Grayson County is the name of three counties in the United States:
* Grayson County, Kentucky
* Grayson County, Texas
* Grayson County, Virginia
# Marnoz

Marnoz (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# William Brereton, 2nd Baron Brereton

William Brereton, 2nd Baron Brereton (28 February 1611 – April 1664) was an English landowner from Cheshire and member of the Peerage of Ireland who owned estates in County Carlow. A Royalist sympathiser during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, after the 1660 Stuart Restoration he served as joint Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and Member of Parliament for Cheshire from 1661 to 1664.

## Personal details

Born on 28 February 1611, Brereton was the eldest son of Sir John Brereton (1591–1629), and Anne (1594–1663), daughter of Sir Edward Fitton (1572–1619), owner of Gawsworth Old Hall. Sir John was heir apparent to Sir William Brereton, 1st Baron Brereton of Brereton Hall (1550–1631); his death in 1629 made Brereton the new heir, while his mother remarried, this time to Sir Gilbert Gerard (died 1646), Royalist Governor of Worcester during the First English Civil War.
One of five surviving children, William had two brothers, John (1624–1656) and Edward, along with two sisters; Jane (died 1648), and Mary (died 1652), whose second husband was another member of the Gerard family, Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Fiskerton (died 1687).
In 1629, Brereton married Lady Elizabeth Goring (1615–1687), daughter of George Goring, 1st Earl of Norwich and another substantial Cheshire family. They had a total of 14 children including his heir William (1631–1680), Thomas (1635-1683), Henry (1636–1659), George (1638–1672) and Elizabeth (1645–1724). Several of his daughters died unmarried, as the financial losses he suffered during the civil war made it impossible to provide them with dowries.
In 1661 William became 2nd Baron Brereton after the death of his grandfather Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet.

## Career

The Brereton family had been established in Cheshire since the 14th century and was split into a number of different branches; the senior line was based at Handforth Hall and headed by another Sir William Brereton (1604–1661), a Puritan who led Parliamentarian forces in Cheshire during the civil war. In 1624, Brereton's grandfather purchased an Irish barony and was appointed Baron Brereton of Leighlin in Leinster, a title inherited by his grandson along with his lands when he died on 1 October 1631.
He held no military commission during the First English Civil War but in August 1642 was appointed a Commissioner of Array for Cheshire by Charles I, and installed a Royalist garrison at Brereton Hall. Captured in 1644 when Biddulph House in Staffordshire surrendered to Parliamentarian forces, he was restored to his estates by the Committee for Compounding with Delinquents after paying a fine of £2,539.
Although associated with Booth's Uprising in August 1659, he escaped arrest and after the 1660 Stuart Restoration was appointed joint Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and served as Member of Parliament for Cheshire between 1661 and 1664. He died in April 1664 and was buried on 21 April 1664 in St Oswald's Church, Brereton. Upon his death, his eldest son became William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton.
# Happy Arenas

Happy Arenas may refer to:
* Happy Arenas (1935 film), a French musical comedy film
* Happy Arenas (1958 film), a French musical comedy film
# Dip reader

A DIP reader (Document Insertion Processor) is an electronic device for reading an electronically encoded card that is inserted and then removed from the device.
A typical dip reader is used for reading credit cards where the data are either encoded on a magnetic stripe or an internal computer chip. The magnetic stripe on a card is typically read as the card is extracted. If the card is a smart card, then the data transfer typically takes place when the card is fully inserted. In this case, the card is held while data transfer is taking place.
# Electoral district of West Launceston

The electoral district of West Launceston, sometimes referred to as Launceston West, was a single-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in the western suburbs of Launceston, Tasmania's second city.
The seat was created in a redistribution ahead of the 1903 state election, and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model in 1909.

## Members for West Launceston

| Member | Party | Term |
| Liberal | David Storrer | 1903 |
| Liberal | Matthew Robinson | 1903–1906 |
| Ind. Labor | Charles Metz | 1906–1909 |
# Mud Mills, New York

43°04′30″N 77°04′32″W﻿ / ﻿43.07500°N 77.07556°W﻿ / 43.07500; -77.07556 Mud Mills is a hamlet in the Town of Arcadia, Wayne County, New York, United States. It is located three miles (5 km) north-northeast of the Village of Newark, at an elevation of 427 feet (130 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at Welcher Road (CR 234) and Mud Mills Road. N.Y. Route 88 passes just north of Mud Mills.
A historic 2+1⁄2-story grist mill (built c. 1804) is located along Ganargua Creek on Mud Mills Road. The facility remained in operation until 1969. It has been reputed that this grist mill is the last in Wayne County with the mechanics still intact.
# Marny Eng

Marny Eng (sometimes credited as Marney Eng, Marnie Eng or Marni Eng) is a Canadian stuntwoman and stunt coordinator who has performed stunts in well over 100 films since the early 1990s. She has been the stunt double for numerous famous actresses such as Lucy Liu, Christina Ricci, Kristin Kreuk, Rachael Leigh Cook and Reese Witherspoon. As an actress, she is most famous for portraying Tabitha, the Samara Morgan parody from Scary Movie 3. In 2015, she received the UBCP/ACTRA Lorena Gale Woman of Distinction Award.

## Biography

Marny Eng was born in 1969 in Port Alberni, British Columbia. She learned gymnastics as a child, winning junior class British Columbia gymnastics championships. She then trained at the US National Academy of Artistic Gymnastics in Eugene, Oregon, before completing a degree in exercise science at the University of British Columbia.
Eng is a member of Stunts Canada and moved from executive member to president for 2015.
In 2022, Eng and E.J. Foerster collaborated as co-directors of the film Gringa, which won the Audience Award at the 2022 Whistler Film Festival.
# Hermann Harms

Hermann August Theodor Harms (16 July 1870 – 27 November 1942) was a German taxonomist and botanist.
Harms was born in Berlin. He worked as a botanist at the Botanical Museum in Berlin. He was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He died in Berlin, aged 72.
He was longtime editor of Adolf Engler's "Das Pflanzenreich", and was the author of several chapters on various plant families in Engler and Prantl's "Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien", including the chapters on Bromeliaceae (1930) and Nepenthaceae (1936). In the latter he revised the pitcher plant genus Nepenthes, dividing it into three subgenera: Anurosperma, Eunepenthes and Mesonepenthes (see Taxonomy of Nepenthes). Furthermore, he was interested in the genus Passiflora.
The plant genera Harmsia (Schum.), Harmsiella (Briq.), Harmsiodoxa O.E.Schulz (in the Brassicaceae family) and Harmsiopanax Warb. (in the Araliaceae family) commemorate his name.

## Publications

* Genera siphonogamarum ad systematic Englerianum conscripta. Leipzig: G. Engelmann, 1900–1907, with Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre (1850-1928).
* Cucurbitaceae Cucurbiteae-Cucumerinae. Leipzig: Engelmann, 1924 (reprinted Wiley 1966), with Alfred Cogniaux (1841-1916).
# Bernhard Brinkmann

Bernhard Brinkmann (22 May 1952 – 7 December 2022) was a German politician and member of the SPD. He was a member of the Bundestag, the German federal parliament, from 1998, elected from the single member district of Hildesheim until 2013 and from the land list of Lower Saxony from then.
Brinkmann was born in Dinklar, Lower Saxony on 22 May 1952. He died on 7 December 2022, at the age of 70.
# Dip slide

A dip slide (or dipslide) is a test for the presence of microorganisms in liquids. The use of dip slides is the method most frequently used to measure and observe microbial activity in liquid-based systems. It is often used in testing cooling systems. Dip slides are often used to determine the presence of slime forming bacteria in cooling & industrial water systems. The Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) recommends the use of dipslides to monitor the general activity of aerobic bacteria. The dip slide test consists of a sterile culture medium on a plastic carrier that is dipped into the liquid to be sampled. The culture is then incubated, allowing for microbial growth. Most Dip slides consist of 1 - 2 agars attached to a flexible plastic paddle, this allows full contact of the agar onto the desired area for testing. Most Dipslides come in a circular clear shatterproof tube that can be inserted into a dip-slide incubator.

## Method

Most Dip slides are incubated at 30 °C for 48 hours after being dipped into the sample to ensure that the results are accurate. Some dipslides require different temperatures and incubation times depending on the type of agar used, and which organism is being tested for. After being dipped into the sample the dip slide is returned and secured in its original container for the incubation process. Multiple tests at varying periods are recommended to increase accuracy. It is important that biocides are not applied to the water prior to testing as this would significantly alter the results. The clarity of the sample is not necessarily reflective of the presence of bacteria as seemingly clear water may still have bacteria present. For some water systems a weekly dip slide test is recommended. For multiple tests the incubation period and temperature should be the same each time a new sample is assessed. Bacteria present in the sample liquid will grow and form colonies. A bacterial reference chart is used to determine the number of bacteria in the sample. Appropriate treatment is applied to the water source once abnormal levels of bacterial activity are noticed. Once water treatment is effective the bacterial count produced by the dip slide test should be low, approximately <10$^4$. Dip slides are normally used when microbiological activity is relatively high (1,000 - 100,000 CFU per milliliter of water).
The dip slide results should be used only as a guide as the accuracy of the dip slide is limited as a result of the small sample size that is analyzed and the method used to obtain results. Nevertheless, dip slides may be very useful as they are very convenient, simple to use and cost effective.
# G. chinensis

G. chinensis may refer to:
* Gemmingia chinensis, a synonym for Iris domestica, the blackberry lily, leopard flower or leopard lily, an ornamental plant species
* Gyraulus chinensis, a freshwater snail species