OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Succinaldehyde

Succinaldehyde or succindialdehyde is an organic compound with the formula (C$_2$H$_4$(CHO)$_2$. It is a colorless viscous liquid. Typical of some other saturated dialdehydes, succinaldehyde is handled as the hydrates or methanol-derived acetal. It is a precursor to tropinone. Succinaldehyde can be used as a crosslinking agent for proteins, but it is less widely used than the related dialdehyde glutaraldehyde.

## Preparation and reactions

Succinaldehyde is generated by the oxidation of tetrahydrofuran with chlorine followed by hydrolysis of the chlorinated product. It can also be prepared by the hydroformylation of acrolein or the acetals thereof. Oxidation of 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran with hydrogen peroxide is yet another route to succinaldehyde.
In the presence of water, succinaldehyde converts to the cyclic hydrate. In methanol it converts to the cyclic acetal, 2,5-dimethoxyltetrahydrofuran.
# Vivan

Vivan or Vivaan may refer to:

## Given name

* Vivan Bhatena (born 1978), Indian model and actor
* Vivaan Shah, Indian actor in the Hindi film industry
* Vivan Sundaram (1943–2023), Indian artist
# Acacia puncticulata

Acacia puncticulata is a shrub of the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae that is endemic to an area along the west coast of Australia.

## Description

The spreading diffuse shrub typically grows to a height of 0.5 to 1.8 metres (2 to 6 ft) and has many branches. The hairy branchlets have a white-grey coloured epidermis that becomes fissured with age and spinose and straight stipules with a length of 2 to 4 mm (0.079 to 0.157 in) and often have hardened bases persisting. Like many species of Acacia it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. The coriaceous, shiny, dark green and patent phyllodes have an ovate to widely elliptic shape and usually have a length of 1.5 to 2.5 cm (0.59 to 0.98 in) and a width of 7 to 15 mm (0.28 to 0.59 in) and has a prominent midrib. It blooms from August to September and produces yellow flowers. The inflorescences occur singly in the axils and have spherical to obloid shaped flower-heads containing 35 to 60 golden coloured flowers. After flowering seed pods form that have a spirally coiled shape. The coriaceous and glabrous seed pods have a width of 4.5 to 5.5 mm (0.18 to 0.22 in) and contain dull black to brown seeds with an oblong shape and a length of 3.5 mm (0.14 in).

## Distribution

It is native to an area in the Wheatbelt and Mid West regions of Western Australia where it is commonly situated on sandplains, rocky granite hills and outcrops growing in rocky and loamy or sandy soils. The shrub has a discontinuous distribution from around Perenjori and Three Springs in the south east to the Murchison River in the north west usually as a part of tall shrubland communities often in association with Acacia acuminata.
# Umali (surname)

Umali is a Filipino surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aurelio Umali (born 1966), Filipino politician
* Bianca Umali (born 2000), Filipina actress, model and dancer
* Dioscoro L. Umali (1917–1992), Filipino scientist
* Marie-Ann Umali, Filipina beauty pageant contestant
* Mariz Umali (born c. 1979/1980), Filipina television news anchor and journalist
* Tonisito Umali (born 1970), Filipino government official
# Umali

Umali may refer to:
* Umali (surname), Tagalog-language surname
* Umali, India, a village in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra
* Om Ali, a dessert in Egyptian cuisine
# Vivian Welch

Vivian Andrea Welch (née Robinson) is a Canadian clinical epidemiology methodologist and population health researcher. She is an associate professor at the University of Ottawa's School of Epidemiology and Public Health and Editor in Chief of the Campbell Collaboration.

## Early life and education

Welch earned her Bachelor of Science degree from Concordia University before moving to Ontario for her Master's degree from York University and PhD from the University of Ottawa under Peter Tugwell. While attending Concordia, she received The Francis J. Dowling Scholarship in athletic therapy and was named to the Faculty of Arts and Science Dean's List.

## Career

Upon completing her PhD, Welch joined the faculty at the University of Ottawa's Bruyère Research Institute (BRI) as their deputy director. While serving in this role, she also became the co-convenor of the Campbell and Cochrane Equity Methods Group. In 2016, Welch was appointed the co-manager of a data research program at the BRI to conduct research that describes, evaluates, and improves care for Ontario's ageing population. She was also the Principal investigator of a study that found that mass deworming campaigns had little effect on children’s health in low- and middle-income countries.
As a result of her academic accomplishments, Welch was appointed the inaugural Editor in Chief of the Campbell Collaboration and recognized as a Canadian leader in global health. In 2019, Welch was promoted from assistant professor to associate professor in the School of Epidemiology and Public Health.
# Accacoelium contortum

Accacoelium contortum is a parasitic flatworm of the class Trematoda. It lives in the gills and oral cavity of the ocean sunfish, Mola mola, and was first described by Swedish-born naturalist Karl Rudolphi in 1819. Accacoelium contortum is the type-species of the family Accacoeliidae and the only known species of the genus Accacoelium.
Accacoelium contortum is one of the most common sunfish parasites and has been reported in the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and the South Pacific. In a study in Spain, 47.2% of 106 sunfish examined were found to host Accacoelium contortum.
Most trematodes are internal parasites (endoparasites), but Accacoelium contortum is also found on the outside of its host. It has an elongated body with oral and ventral suckers and papillate anterior. It lacks the hooks and clamps found on most other external parasites, and instead attaches using the ventral sucker. The parasite also developed a strong ventral musculature in the hindbody which it uses like a prehensile tail to grasp onto other parasites, aiding in the formation of larger clusters of the parasite. It is found in clusters in the mouth, gills, pharynx, and pharyngeal teeth, but can also survive in the gastrointestinal tract.
Accacoelium contortum induces a strong immune response in its host when infecting the oropharyngeal chamber, leading to inflammation, hyperplasia and necrosis at the site of attachment. In some cases, the parasites can end up encased in host tissue. This might actually work to the parasite's advantage because now it is enclosed in a small flesh bag that is tightly secured to the host body. In high infections with large numbers of the parasite, if a wide gill area is damaged it can prevent normal gas exchange, which can compromise the survival of the ocean sunfish. Strangely, when infecting areas in the stomach and esophagus the parasite are scattered rather than clustered and are not correlated to changes are damage in the epithelium near the site of infection.
Accacoelium contortum also infects the right gill at significantly higher rates than the left gill. This is believed to be caused by the host's tendency to swim in the water column and rest at the surface with its left side up, which exposes it to more sunlight, UV radiation, and air.
# Uncial 0108

Uncial 0108 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 60 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 7th-century. Formerly it was labelled by Θ$^d$.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of Luke 11:37-41.42-45, on one parchment leaves (30 cm by 24 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 23-24 lines per page, in uncial letters. Accents were added by a later hand.
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category II.

## History

C. R. Gregory dated the manuscript to the 7th or 8th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 7th century.
Constantin von Tischendorf brought the manuscript from the East in 1859, and edited its text in his Notitia.
It was described by Eduard de Muralt and Kurt Treu.
The codex currently is located at the Russian National Library (Gr. 22) in Saint Petersburg.
# Uncial 0109

Uncial 0109 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 52 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 7th-century.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John 16:30-17:9; 18:31-40, on two parchment leaves (17 cm by 15 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 22 lines per page, in uncial letters.
The text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are given at the margins, with their references to the Eusebian Canons.The Greek text of this codex is mixed. Kurt Aland placed it in Category III. C. R. Gregory dated it to the 7th or 8th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 7th-century. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1903. In 1908 Gregory gave siglum 0111 for it.
The codex is located at the Berlin State Museums (P. 5010) in Berlin.
# Uncial 0105

Uncial 0105 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 45 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. It is dated paleographically to the 10th-century. Formerly it was labelled by W$^n$.

## Description

The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John 6:71-7:46, on four parchment leaves (32 by 24 cm). The text is written in two columns per page (size of column is 22.8 by 7.5 cm), 24 lines per page, in large uncial letters. The ink is brown. It contains Ammonian Sections, Eusebian Canons, lectionary markings at the margin, and music notes. It has some errors of itacism. It has breathings and accents, but irregular.
The Greek text of this codex is mixed, with a strong element of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category III.

## History

Gregory dated it to the 7th-century. Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 10th-century.
According to C. R. Gregory it was acquired from Eastern Asia-Minor or Armenia. Gregory gave full text of the codex.
The codex is located at the Austrian National Library, (Suppl. Gr. 121), in Vienna.
# Suicide in Uruguay

Suicide in Uruguay accounted for 823 deaths in 2022, reaching the highest suicide rate ever recorded in the country at 23.3 deaths per 100,000 people. The government response included offering antidepressants at no cost.
* This Uruguay-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Suicide in literature

It is common to depict suicide in literature. Suicide, the act of deliberately killing oneself, is a prominent action in many important works of literature. Authors use the suicide of a character to portray defiance, despair, love, or honor. Whether it is written as the ultimate act of devotion or the result of depression, the act of suicide was and is a prevalent action within the context of English literature.

## Novels

According to Lorna Ruth Wiedmann, novelistic suicide patterns first emerged in the nineteenth century. She categorized nineteenth-century works based on five themes: "murder-followed-by-suicide; the survivor of suicide; age and the suicide; the suicide's choice of method; and gender and suicide." Kevin Grauke stated that suicide serves an "ambivalent rhetorical function" in the works of the nineteenth-century. Authors such as Kate Chopin, Ernest Hemingway, and Virginia Woolf include themes of suicide in their writing.

## Shakespeare

William Shakespeare's characters die by suicide in several of his plays. In the final scene of Romeo and Juliet, the titular young lovers both die by suicide. Suicide also occurs in Julius Caesar when Brutus and Cassius both kill themselves. In Othello, the title character dies by suicide, using a dagger after murdering his wife. The play Antony and Cleopatra ends with five suicides, including the deaths of both Antony and Cleopatra.

## Controversy

The subject of suicide itself is controversial. While the act of suicide can be symbolic in literature, the act itself still possesses the ability to cause controversy in the real world. Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening, was extremely controversial when it was released in 1899.
Some authors who have created characters that die by suicide have died by suicide themselves. Ernest Hemingway shot himself in 1961; Some of his short stories included suicidal themes.

## Quotations

"Once suicide was accepted as a common fact of society- not as a noble Roman alternative, nor as the mortal sin it had been in the Middle Ages, nor as a special cause to be pleaded or warned against- but simply as something people did, often and without much hesitation, like committing adultery, then it automatically became a common property of art." - diaz, 1971.
# Georg H. Schnell

Georg Heinrich Schnell (11 April 1878 – 31 March 1951) was a German actor who remains perhaps best-known for his role as shipowner Harding in Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922). Georg appeared in over one hundred films.
He was born in Yantai, China. He died in West Berlin, West Germany.
Georg is sometimes credited as G.H. Schnell, Georg Heinrich Schnell, Georg Schnell/Schnell and George Snell.

## Selected filmography

* Her Sport (1919)
* Alkohol (1919)
* The Spinning Ball (1919)
* Panic in the House of Ardon (1920)
* The Tragedy of a Great (1920)
* The Red Poster (1920)
* The Haunting of Castle Kitay (1920)
* Dolls of Death (1920)
* The Hunt for the Truth (1921)
* The Secret of Santa Maria (1921)
* The Woman in the Trunk (1921)
* The Thirteen of Steel (1921)
* The Amazon (1921)
* Miss Julie (1922)
* The False Dimitri (1922)
* Nosferatu (1922)
* Marie Antoinette, the Love of a King (1922)
* The Terror of the Sea (1924)
* The Tragedy of a Night of Passion (1924)
* Love of Life (1924)
* To a Woman of Honour (1924)
* A Free People (1925)
* The Searching Soul (1925)
* A Song from Days of Youth (1925)
* Written in the Stars (1925)
* The Pleasure Garden (1925)
* The Mill at Sanssouci (1926)
* The Good Reputation (1926)
* The Pride of the Company (1926)
* Bigamie (1927)
* Did You Fall in Love Along the Beautiful Rhine? (1927)
* The Eighteen Year Old (1927)
* Hurrah! I Live! (1928)
* Modern Pirates (1928)
* The Flame of Love (1930)
* The Immortal Vagabond (1930)
* The Road to Dishonour (1930)
* Circus Life (1931)
* The Emperor's Sweetheart (1931)
* Danton (1931)
* My Wife, the Impostor (1931)
* In the Employ of the Secret Service (1931)
* Tannenberg (1932)
* Contest (1932)
* Holiday From Myself (1934)
* William Tell (1934)
* The Champion of Pontresina (1934)
* The Island (1934)
* Police Report (1934)
* The Riders of German East Africa (1934)
* Sergeant Schwenke (1935)
* The Valley of Love (1935)
* The Castle in Flanders (1936)
* Alarm in Peking (1937)
* Madame Bovary (1937)
* When Women Keep Silent (1937)
* Seven Slaps (1937)
* The Chief Witness (1937)
* The Coral Princess (1937)
* The Night of Decision (1938)
* The Girl of Last Night (1938)
* The Impossible Mister Pitt (1938)
* The Great and the Little Love (1938)
* By a Silken Thread (1938)
* Shoulder Arms (1939)
* The Right to Love (1939)
* Passion (1940)
* Carl Peters (1941)
* The Eternal Tone (1943)
* Die Feuerzangenbowle (1944)
* Nora (1944)
# Alto Alentejo

Alto Alentejo may refer to:
* Alto Alentejo Province (1936-1976)
* Alto Alentejo (intermunicipal community) (NUTS 3 region)
# Derrick Baxby

Derrick Baxby (1940 – 24 March 2017) was a British microbiologist and authority on Orthopoxviruses. He was a senior lecturer in medical microbiology at the University of Liverpool.
He proposed that a presumed horsepox virus could be the long-sought ancestor of vaccinia. In 1977, he reported 12 cases of cowpox occurring in England between 1965 and 1976.

## Selected publications

* Jenner's Smallpox Vaccine: The Riddle of Vaccinia Virus and Its Origin. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1981. ISBN 0435540572
* "Two hundred years of vaccination", Current Biology, Vol. 6 (1996), No. 7, pp. 769–772.
* "The End of Smallpox", History Today, Vol. 49, No. 3 (March 1999).
* "Edward Jenner's Inquiry; A Bicentenary Analysis", Vaccine, 1999 January 28;17(4):301-7.
# Die Säule

Die Säule is a theatre in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
51°25′50″N 6°45′38″E﻿ / ﻿51.43056°N 6.76056°E﻿ / 51.43056; 6.76056
* This German theatre-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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* This article about a North Rhine-Westphalian building or structure is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Behavioral observation audiometry

Behavioral observation audiometry (BOA) is a type of audiometry (a test of hearing for ability to recognize pitch, volume, etc.) done in children less than six months old.
# 1690 in Italy

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive An incomplete list of events which occurred in Italy in 1690:
* Battle of Staffarda
* May - Duke Victor Amadeus II allies himself in a coalition formed by the Spanish Habsburgs and the Austrian Habsburgs against France.

## Deaths

* Francesco di Maria, painter (born 1623)
# Marianne Zoff

Marianne Josephine Zoff (30 June 1893 – 22 November 1984) was an Austrian actress and opera singer (mezzo-soprano).
Zoff was born in Hainfeld, Lower Austria. Starting in 1919 at the Staatstheater Augsburg, she sang at several German opera house until 1925 at the Theater Münster.
Zoff was the first wife of Bertolt Brecht, to whom she was married from 1922 until September 1927. Their daughter Hanne Marianne was born on 12 March 1923. The writer Otto Zoff was her older brother.
In 1928 Zoff married the actor Theo Lingen and Zoff's daughter Hanne grew up with her and Lingen. Lingen's popularity protected Zoff and her daughter, who were classified as half-Jews by the Nazi regime, from persecution. In 1928, Zoff and Lingen had a daughter, Ursula Lingen, who also was an actress.
Zoff died in 1984, aged 91, in Vienna and is buried at the Vienna Zentralfriedhof.

## Literature

* Brecht, Bertolt (1990). Briefe an Marianne Zoff und Hanne Hiob (in German). Suhrkamp Verlag. ISBN 3-518-40222-6.
* Häntzschel, Hiltrud (2002). Brechts Frauen (in German). Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag. ISBN 978-3-498-02964-7.
# 50th Division (1st Formation) (People's Republic of China)

The 50th Division (Chinese: 第50师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948, basing on the 32nd Brigade, 11th Column of PLA Zhongyuan Field Army. Its history could be traced to 2nd Independent Brigade of Jiluyu Military District formed in June 1947.
The division was part of 17th Corps. Under the flag of 50th division it took part in the Chinese civil war. On January 12, 1951, its 148th Regiment was transferred to 46th Division of 16th Corps. On March 13, 1952, the division was disbanded. Its 149th Regiment became 323rd Artillery Regiment, 49th Division, and its 150th Regiment became 17th Regiment of 6th Railway Engineer Division.
As of early 1951 division was composed of:
* 148th Regiment;
* 149th Regiment;
* 150th Regiment.
# Fukang Subdistrict

Fukang Subdistrict (Chinese: 阜康街道; pinyin: Fùkāng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict and the seat of Qiaodong District, in the heart of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China. As of 2011, it has 6 residential communities (居委会) under its administration.
# Frontera Sur

Frontera Sur may refer to:
* Frontera Sur (1943 film), an Argentine film directed by Belisario García Villar
* Frontera Sur (1993 film), a Mexican film directed by Ernesto García Cabral and Hugo Stiglitz
* Frontera Sur (1998 film), an Argentine film directed by Gerardo Herrero
# From Nothing to One

From Nothing to One, released in 2002, is the debut album by Swedish indie rock band The Perishers.

## Track listing

* "When I Wake Up Tomorrow" – 3:12
* "In the Blink of an Eye" – 4:05
* "Someday" – 3:52
* "When I Fall" – 3:09
* "The Night – 4:42
* "Steady Red Light" – 3:35
* "My Home Town" – 4:12
* "Let's Write Something Down" – 4:01
* "On My Way Home" – 3:59
* "All Over Now" – 3:30
* "What We Once Had" – 5:28
# Bakarić

Bakarić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Frano Bakarić (born 1977), Croatian sprinter
* Saša Bakarić (born 1987), Slovenian football player
* Vladimir Bakarić (1912–1983), Yugoslav Croatian politician
# Bakarpur, Bhulath

Bakarpur is a village in Bhulath Tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Bhulath, 29 kilometres (18 mi) away from district headquarter Kapurthala. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is an elected representative.

## Demography

According to the report published by Census India in 2011, Bakarpur has 108 houses with the total population of 462 persons of which 225 are male and 237 females. Literacy rate of Bakarpur is 80.58%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children in the age group 0–6 years is 45 which is 9.74% of the total population. Child sex ratio is approximately 607, lower than the state average of 846.

## Population data

| Particulars | Total | Male | Female |
| Total No. of Houses | 108 | - | - |
| Population | 462 | 225 | 237 |
| Child (0-6) | 45 | 28 | 17 |
| Schedule Caste | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Schedule Tribe | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Literacy | 80.58 % | 85.79 % | 75.91 % |
| Total Workers | 95 | 90 | 5 |
| Main Worker | 91 | 0 | 0 |
| Marginal Worker | 4 | 3 | 1 |
As per census 2011, 95 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Bakarpur which includes 90 males and 5 females. According to census survey report 2011, 95.79% workers (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) describe their work as main work and 4.21% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Caste

The village has schedule caste (SC) constitutes 1.30% of total population of the village and it doesn't have any Schedule Tribe (ST) population.
# Fukaura Dam

Fukaura Dam is a concrete gravity dam located in Saga Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control. The catchment area of the dam is 1.2 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 1 ha of land when full and can store 27 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1977 and completed in 1989.
# Lin Di

Lin Di (Chinese: 林笛; pinyin: Lín Dí; born 1975 in Shanghai) is a Chinese musician, composer, and vocalist.
Her current band is Cold Fairyland, a progressive rock band in which she plays pipa and keyboard synthesizers, and also sings.
Lin began playing pipa at the age of four. She studied at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music where she majored in traditional Chinese music and pipa. In 2001, she started her own band, Cold Fairyland, with bass guitarist Su Yong, and composed original music for various commercial projects and orchestral works. She performs occasionally with the Shanghai-based band Swing Shine.
Lin is also an avid photographer.

## Discography
### Solo albums

* Ten Days In Magic Land (魔境十日) by Lin Di - 2002
* Bride in Legend (迷路新娘) by Lin Di - 2004
* Meet in Secret Garden by Miyadudu - 2009
* The Gossypium Era by Lin Di - 2011
* Buddhist Scriptures by Lin Di - 2012
* The One Tree Forest by Lin Di - 2021

### With Swing Shine

* Marguerite - 2011
* Rootless Clouds - 2013

### With Cold Fairyland

* Flying Over the City (在城市上空飞翔) (demo) - 2001
* Kingdom of Benevolent Strangers (陌生仙子国) - 2003
* Cold Fairyland 2005 Live (冷酷仙境 2005现场) - 2006
* Seeds on the Ground (地上的种子) - 2007
CDs are available from CDbaby.com. To stream online, please visit the artist's Bandcamp or Spotify.

## Awards

* 2008 Shanghai City Weekend Magazine, Bar and Restaurant Awards, Editor's Pick - "The Best Locally Based Band"
* 2009 China Music Awards - "Strength For New Life" Award
# Futuci Pagoda

Futuci Pagoda is a wooden pagoda that was built in Xuzhou during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in China.