OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Güney, Ardeşen

Güney is a village in the Ardeşen District, Rize Province, in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its population is 45 (2021).

## History

According to list of villages in Laz language book (2009), name of the village is Omcore, which means "sunny". Most villagers are ethnically Laz.

## Geography

The village is located 22 kilometres (14 mi) away from Ardeşen.
# New Hampton, New Jersey

New Hampton is an unincorporated community located within Lebanon Township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
New Hampton is the birthplace of Revolutionary War General Daniel Morgan.

## Points of interest

The New Hampton Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 6, 1998 for its significance in architecture, commerce, education, transportation, and community development.
The Lebanon Township Museum, in the c. 1825 schoolhouse, supports local history and is next to the memorial to General Daniel Morgan.
* Welcome to New Hampton Historic District
* The Lebanon Township Museum, c. 1825 schoolhouse

## Notable people

* James M. J. Sanno, U.S. Army brigadier general who was born and raised in New Hampton
# Michael Erard

Michael Erard (born 27 December 1967) is an American non-fiction writer and journalist. He holds an M.A. (linguistics) and a Ph.D. (English) from the University of Texas at Austin.

## Notable works
### Books

* Erard, Michael (2007). Um…: Slips, Stumbles, and Verbal Blunders, and What They Mean. New York: Pantheon.
* Erard, Michael (2012). Babel No More: The Search for the World's Most Extraordinary Language Learners. New York: Free Press.

### Articles

* Erard, Michael (2005). 'The Gift of the Gab'. New Scientist, 8 January, pp. 40–43.‍
* Erard, Michael (2012). 'King of the Hyperpolyglots'. The Morning News, 10 January.
* Erard, Michael (2012). 'The Polyglot of Bologna'. The Public Domain Review, 26 June.
* Erard, Michael (2016). 'Why Australia is Home to One of the Largest Language Families in the World'. Science, 21 September.
* Erard, Michael (2019). 'Pete Buttigieg’s Language Magic Is Textbook Polyglot Mythmaking'. The Atlantic, 29 April.
# Barnet Countryside Centre

Barnet Countryside Centre is a 3.3-hectare (8.2-acre) Site of Local Importance for Nature Conservation in High Barnet in the London Borough of Barnet. It is run by the Friends of Barnet Countryside Centre as a nature reserve and to provide environmental education for schools.
The site has areas of native woodland which support a wide variety of birds. Several small ponds have frogs, newts and the ruddy darter dragonfly. More open areas have a good variety of insects including the small copper butterfly and Roesel's bush-cricket.
The site was formerly a playing field, and in 1975 it was established as an environmental education centre. In 2009 Barnet Council gave planning permission to the Noah's Ark Children's Hospice for the redevelopment of the site. The nature reserve is still maintained by the Friends, but there is no public access. It can be viewed from Byng Road and from a footpath between Byng Road and Cavendish Road.
# List of third party leaders of Quebec

This is a list of politicians who served as third party parliamentary leaders (chefs parlementaires) at the National Assembly of Quebec. Parties with fewer than twelve Members of the National Assembly (MNA) 12 members and less than 20% of the vote do not have official party status and their members sit as Independents.

## Third party leaders with party status

| Parliamentary Leader | District (Region) | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Paul Gouin | L'Assomption (Lanaudière) | 1935 | 1936 | Action libérale nationale |
| Camille Laurin | Bourget (Montreal East) | 1970 | 1973 | Parti Québécois |
| Camil Samson | Rouyn-Noranda (Abitibi-Témiscamingue) | 1970 | 1972 | Ralliement créditiste du Québec |
| Armand Bois | Saint-Sauveur (Québec) | 1972 | 1973 | Ralliement créditiste du Québec |
| Camil Samson | Rouyn-Noranda (Abitibi-Témiscamingue) | 1973 | 1973 | Ralliement créditiste du Québec |
| Rodrigue Biron | Lotbinière (Chaudière-Appalaches) | 1976 | 1980 | Union Nationale |
| Michel Le Moignan | Gaspé (Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine) | 1980 | 1981 | Union Nationale |
| André Boisclair | Pointe-aux-Trembles (Montreal East) | 2007 | 2007 | Parti Québécois |
| François Gendron | Abitibi-Ouest (Abitibi-Témiscamingue) | 2007 | 2007 | Parti Québécois |
| Pauline Marois | Charlevoix (Québec) | 2007 | 2008 | Parti Québécois |
| Sylvie Roy | Lotbinière (Chaudière-Appalaches) | 2009 | 2009 | Action démocratique du Québec |
| François Bonnardel | Shefford (Montérégie) | 2009 | 2009 | Action démocratique du Québec |
| Gérard Deltell | Chauveau (Capitale-Nationale) | 2009 | 2012 | Action démocratique du Québec |
| François Legault | L'Assomption (Lanaudière) | 2012 | 2018 | Coalition Avenir Québec |
| Manon Massé | Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques | 2018 | present | Québec solidaire |

## Third party leaders without party status

| Parliamentary Leader | District | Took office | Left office | Party |
| Henri Bourassa | Saint-Hyacinthe (Montérégie) | 1908 | 1912 | Ligue nationaliste |
| André Laurendeau | Montréal-Laurier (Montreal East) | 1944 | 1947 | Bloc Populaire Canadien |
| David Côté | Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue (Abitibi-Témiscamingue) | 1944 | 1945 | Co-operative Commonwealth Federation |
| René Lévesque | Laurier (Montreal East) | 1968 | 1970 | Parti Québécois |
| Fabien Roy | Beauce-Sud (Chaudière-Appalaches) | 1973 | 1975 | Ralliement créditiste du Québec |
| Maurice Bellemare | Johnson (Eastern Townships) | 1974 | 1976 | Union Nationale |
| Robert Libman | D'Arcy-McGee (Montreal West) | 1989 | 1993 | Equality Party |
| Mario Dumont | Rivière-du-Loup (Bas-Saint-Laurent) | 1994 | 2007 | Action démocratique du Québec |
| Mario Dumont | Rivière-du-Loup (Bas-Saint-Laurent) | 2008 | 2009 | Action démocratique du Québec |
| Amir Khadir | Mercier (Montreal East) | 2008 | 2012 | Québec solidaire |
| Gérard Deltell | Chauveau (Capitale-Nationale) | 2012 | 2012 | Coalition Avenir Québec |
| Francoise David | Gouin | 2012 | 2017 | Québec solidaire |
| Manon Massé | Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques | 2017 | 2018 | Québec solidaire |
# Bernard Goldstein (casino owner)

Bernard "Bernie" Goldstein (February 5, 1929 – July 5, 2009) American attorney ENTREPREUR.He was the founder and chairman of Isle of Capri Casinos and is sometimes called the "father of modern riverboat gambling" because he was the first person to run riverboat casinos in the Midwest and South after they became legal in the 1990s.

## Early life

He received his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1951.

## Alter Companies

He joined the Davenport, Iowa scrap metal firm, Alter Companies, owned by his father-in-law, Frank R. Alter, in 1950 and served as secretary/treasurer until 1964, when he was elected executive vice president. He became president in 1973 and chairman in 1980.
In 1960, he launched a barge and tugboat service on the Mississippi River, Alter Barge Line, to transport the scrap
Its first boat was the MV Frank R. Alter. Its boats are marked by districtive yellow trim. The boats initially transported coal upriver and scrap metal down and then expanded into carrying grain.
In 1998, he wrote a book about the company, Navigating the century: A personal account of Alter Company's first hundred years.

## Riverboat gambling

In 1989, as he approached retirement he began lobbying Iowa to pass riverboat gambling. His boat the M/V Diamond Lady was the first legal riverboat casino in modern times when it sailed from Bettendorf on April 1, 1991. The President, a gambling boat owned by John E. Connelly, opened 30 minutes later in Davenport.
He opened the first casino in the South in Biloxi, Mississippi on August 1, 1992.
In 1992, the company was listed on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol ISLE.
It now operates in six states across the U.S. with approximately 2 million visitors each year.
# Verilaske

Verilaske is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County in Estonia.

## Notable people

Notable people that were born in Verilaske include the following:
* Ott Kangilaski (1911–1975), printmaker, cartoonist, and journalist
# Birmingham, Stechford

Birmingham, Stechford, may refer to:
* Stechford, a district of the city of Birmingham, England
* Birmingham Stechford (UK Parliament constituency) (1950–1983)
# New Hampshire wine

New Hampshire wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of New Hampshire.

## History

The wine industry in New Hampshire began in 1994 when two wineries, Jewell Towne Vineyards and Flag Hill Winery, each produced their first vintages from locally grown grapes. Candia Vineyards started their test plantings in 1992, and full planting in 1998. New Hampshire continues to be growing wine-producing state, with new commercial wineries opening. The state currently has no American Viticultural Areas.
# Güney, Sinanpaşa

Güney is a town (belde) and municipality in the Sinanpaşa District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,383 (2021). It consists of 5 quarters: Çalışlar, Yeni, Orta, Aşağı and Yukarı.
# Borough of Rochdale

Borough of Rochdale may refer to three things associated with Rochdale, England:
* Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, a current borough of Greater Manchester, covering the town of Rochdale and the surrounding area
** Rochdale Borough Council, local government for the current borough
* County Borough of Rochdale (1856–1974), former local government district of Lancashire, covering just the town of Rochdale
# Gharial conservation in Pakistan

The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is classified as a critically endangered species. Its last sighting in Pakistan was reported in 1985. However, there have been recent reports indicating that the Gharial has been sighted once again, specifically in the Punjab region of Pakistan. After reported sightings, the "Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary" has been designated as a protected area under the Punjab Protected Areas Act of 2020.

## Recent Sightings

In May 2023, sightings of the Gharial were shared on social media, prompting the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Pakistan's wildlife team to conduct an investigation. Following their survey, they confirmed the presence of Gharials in the area, including juvenile individuals. This event marked the first verified sighting of the species in Pakistan after a presumed absence of three decades.
A survey team has confirmed the presence of about 10 gharials, including six baby crocodiles, in the Ganda Singh Wala area of the river. The team spotted a gharial measuring roughly 14 feet in length and two feet in width. There is speculation that these crocodiles might have migrated from India after the floods last year and have now started to reproduce in this area. Experts have noted that gharials mainly feed on fish and do not pose a threat to humans.

## Conservation Efforts

In response to these sightings, WWF-Pakistan is collaborating with the Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries department, Punjab and other partners to enhance conservation efforts for the Gharial. The primary objective is to guarantee the newly discovered population not only survives but also thrives in its habitat through dedicated conservation measures.
The conservation plan encompasses onsite monitoring in collaboration with security authorities. The main emphasis will be on executing efficient conservation measures and safeguarding the Gharials' habitat. This involves ensuring appropriate water quantity and quality, as well as managing ongoing fishing activities to protect their habitat effectively.

## Reintroduction Program

Pakistan has formally requested the transfer of hundreds of Gharial crocodiles from Nepal as part of an initiative to reintroduce this species. The government aims to reintroduce Gharials into the Nara Canal wetland system to enhance its biodiversity. Additionally, this reintroduction program is anticipated to generate income for local communities through wildlife tourism, presenting a potential economic opportunity tied to conservation efforts.

## Challenges

While there is local support for the reintroduction of Gharials in Pakistan, the request made to Nepal is confronted by several challenges. These hurdles encompass financial constraints and reservations regarding whether Pakistan has adequately addressed the conditions that initially resulted in the local extinction of the Gharial species. These concerns pose obstacles to the successful transfer and reintroduction of Gharials from Nepal to Pakistan.
# Tavargatti

Tavargatti is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
# Arthur Furness

Arthur Furness (11 January 1873 – 31 October 1948) was an Australian cricketer. He played four first-class matches for New South Wales in 1895/96.
# William Henry Bundey

Sir William Henry Bundey (30 January 1838 – 6 December 1909) was an Australian politician and judge, Attorney-General of South Australia from 27 September 1878 to 10 March 1881.

## Early life

Bundey was born in Exbury, Hampshire, England, the second son of James Bundey and his wife Harriett née Lockyer. The family emigrated to South Australia in 1848 after losing money in England. William's father died about a few weeks after his arrival, and the boy, though only 10 years of age, went to work in a solicitor's office. In 1856 he was appointed clerk of the City of Onkaparinga local court, but gave this position up about six years later to become articled to a solicitor. Bundey was practically self-educated but he was a good law student, and he was admitted to the bar in 1865. He became a most effective advocate, especially in criminal cases; he declined to defend prisoners unless he believed in their innocence. In 1878 he was appointed a Queen's Counsel.

## Political career

On 14 December 1871, Bundey was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly for Onkaparinga, and from July 1874 to March 1875 was minister for Justice and Education in the third Arthur Blyth ministry. He was responsible for the bill to establish the University of Adelaide. He did not seek re-election in 1875 because of his health, but entered parliament again in 1878 and was Attorney-General in the William Morgan ministry from September 1878 to March 1881. A trip through Europe and the east improved his health. Bundey returned to Adelaide at the end of April 1882. In 1884, he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia, a position he held for 19 years. He was appointed president of the board of conciliation in 1894, but resigned some 15 months later.

## Late life and legacy

Bundey retired on a pension in 1903, was knighted in 1904, and died on 6 December 1909 at his home at Mount Lofty in South Australia. In 1865 he married Ellen Wardlaw, daughter of Sir William Milne, who survived him with a daughter, Ellen Milne Bundey. Miss Bundey wrote under the name of "Lyell Dunne" and published several volumes of verse.
As a young man Bundey was a captain in the Volunteer Military Movement and later became an expert yachtsman; he was also a cricket enthusiast. He was vice-commodore of the South Australian Yacht Squadron in 1870–74 and commodore in 1874–84. He published his Reminiscences of 25 Years' Yachting in Australia in 1888. As a politician he was responsible for the supreme court act, the district courts act, and insolvency and public trustee acts. As a judge he was courteous and particularly anxious to preserve the rights of the subject, and concerned that prisoners who were not defended should receive justice. He published several pamphlets including Land Reform, Education, Trades Unions (1889), Some Thoughts on the Administration of the Criminal Law (1891), Conviction of Innocent Men (1900).
# Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón

Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón (1737–1797) was a Spanish prelate who served as Bishop of Trujillo, Peru, Peru from 1779 to 1790, at Trujillo Cathedral, and Archbishop of Bogotá, New Granada, from 1790 to 1797. He was responsible for founding new towns, building schools, and reforming the silver mine at Hualgayoc. He is most remarkable for his efforts to educate Trujillo's Indians and for his research into local plants, animals, archaeological ruins, music, and native cultures.

## Background and education

Martínez Compañón was born in Cabredo, Navarre (Spain) and studied Religious Law at the Universities of Huesca and Zaragosa in Aragón before earning his bachelor's degree at the University of Oñate in Guipuzcoa in 1759, and his doctorate at Oñate in 1763. He was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1761. In 1766, he served as an advisor to the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Madrid.

## Early career in America

In 1767, King Charles III of Spain named Martínez Compañón choirmaster of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima, Peru. In 1772 and 1773, he served as Secretary to the Sixth Provincial Church Council of Peru, held in Lima. From 1770 to 1778, he served as rector of the Saint Toribio seminary, also in Lima.

## Bishop of Trujillo

King Charles III named Martínez Compañón Bishop of Trujillo, Peru, on February 25, 1778. While there, he explored his bishopric in a visitation that lasted two years, eight months, and eight days. During this time he gathered the information that would become the basis of his projects to found new towns and schools. He planned to create special schools for Indian boys and girls where they would learn trade and craft skills as well as basic literacy. He also imagined an elaborate plan to create a utopian mining town at the Hualgayoc silver mine, outside Cajamarca.

## Archbishop of Bogotá

After arriving in Bogotá on March 12, 1791, Martínez Compañón repaired local churches, founded five primary schools throughout the city, and established a seminary. He also became friends with noted botanist José Celestino Mutis.

## Death

Martínez Compañón died of old age on August 17, 1797. Local legend holds that a smell of flowers emanated from his corpse and for three days the sun did not shine.

## Legacy

When Martínez Compañón died, he left behind a natural history collection of animals, plants, artifacts and manufactures. These comprised a total of 24 boxes. Today part of the collection is held at the Museo de América in Madrid, although the majority of it has been lost. He also sent to Spain a nine volume set of watercolor images depicting the people, plants, and animals of Trujillo, the Codex Martínez Compañón. Drawn by local artisans, these 1,372 images are a unique example of vernacular natural history produced in the colonial context. The originals survive today in the library of the Royal Palace in Madrid.
# Mainguard Packaging Ltd v Hilton Haulage Ltd

Mainguard Packaging Ltd v Hilton Haulage Ltd is a leading case in New Zealand regarding claims for damages for negligence as well as foreseeability of loss.

## Background

While reversing a truck at Mainguard's factory, one of Hilton Haulage's drivers, through negligence, backed into a power pole, breaking some of the attached power wires, causing a fire at the factory. Although the fire caused some damage to the factory, the factory was still able to function, except for the fact that hitting the pole caused a power cut. The fire would not normally have occurred under such circumstances, however due to the exceptionally high earth resistance of that neighbourhood, caused the fire. The factory owners claimed damages for the fire, as well as damages for loss of production(economic loss) due to the related power cut.

## Held

As the fire was not foreseeable, there was no liability. However, as the loss of production was due to the power cut, and the driver was negligent, an award for damages for economic loss was made.
# Nesow

Nesow is a village and a former municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 25 May 2014, it is part of the town Rehna.
# Mark Behning

Mark Gerald Behning (born September 26, 1961) is an American former professional football player who played three seasons as an offensive lineman with the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1985 to 1987. He is currently a senior project manager for Golden Sands General Contractors.

## Early life

Behning was born in Alpena, Michigan and attended Denton High School in Denton, Texas, where he was named all-state in football in 1979. He also earned the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America.
He matriculated at the University of Nebraska. At Nebraska, Behning was named to the Academic All Big 8 first-team in football in 1984. He was also named an All-American in 1984 by the National Strength and Conditioning Association. He played on the North team in the 1985 Senior Bowl.

## Football career

Behning was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round of the 1985 NFL draft. He was on the Steelers roster for three seasons. He spent his rookie season on injured reserve after breaking his arm in training camp. His only start in his career came in 1986. After being cut by the Steelers during training camp in 1988, he was picked up by the San Diego Chargers.An Achilles injury cut his career short which in turn caused Behning to be released by San Diego. The Miami Dolphins expressed interest but had requested surgery be performed on the injured achilles before moving forward. Behning instead made the decision to go back to Nebraska and finish college to attain his engineering degree. He never played in the NFL again.

## Post-football career

Behning teaches industrial technology and coaches varsity football and track at his alma mater, Denton High School. He currently holds the position of Offensive Line Assistant Coach for the Denton High Broncos football team. He holds an engineering degree from Nebraska as well as a Masters of Education from Southeastern Oklahoma State University.

## Personal

Behning is married and he has two daughters, two sons and five grandchildren.
# Ghari Qamar Din

Garhi Qamardin or Garhi Qamar Din, is located in the neighbourhood of Peshawar, Pakistan. This township, previously a village, is located at the juncture of Ring Road, Peshawar and Kohat Road, Peshawar. A flyover was built in 1990s at this juncture, called Garhi Qamardin Flyover, but in Oct,2015 the flyover called Rahman BaBa flyover, today a main part of the major bus routes of Peshawar. The national highway N55 starts at this location downward joining the Indus Highway which go till Karachi, the most southern city of Pakistan.

## History

Garhi Qamardin was a small village under the big Deh-Bahadur/Bahadar Kalay. The village came into being when the residence of Bahadar Kalay (which means 'Village Bahadur') settled in their farmland in the presently Garhi Qamardin. The native residents were mostly the descendants of the families closely related to the famous sufi poet Rahman Baba of Pushto. However, presently the township includes people from several ethnic groups.

## Geographical location

Garhi Qamardin is located in the south of Peshawar city. It is nearby to the Small Industries Estate (SIE), Peshawar and the Government College of Technology Peshawar. It is located at the juncture of Ring Road, Peshawar and Kohat Road, Peshawar. The Ring Road, Peshawar is one of the important route used for NATO supply, which resulted in increased terror attacks in this area near to this juncture of Ring Road and Kohat Road.