OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Michael of Imereti

Michael (Georgian: მიქელი, Mik'el) (died 1329), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Western Georgia from 1327 to 1329. He claimed the throne of Western Georgia (Imereti) when his brother Constantine I came to power in 1293, but only obtained it after a civil war lasting nearly 35 years in 1327.

## Biography
### Early life and Rebellion

Michael was a son of the Georgian king David VI Narin and his wife, Tamar Amanelisdze, or a Palaeologian princess. In the latter case, Michael might have been named after his Byzantine ancestor, the Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. Little is known about the life of Michael only appears in history from his brother's reign in Imereti.
Michael opposed accession of his elder brother, Constantine I, on the death of their father in 1293. In a subsequent internecine war, Michael seized control of the provinces of Racha, Lechkhumi, and Argveti. On several occasions, talks were held to bring about an end to hostilities, but nothing was achieved and the conflict continued for the remainder of Constantine's reign. The Georgian Chronicles even report that the powerful nobles did what they could to reconcile the two brothers.
But all these greats hardly fought for peace in Kingdom of Western Georgia. Thus, the conflict created by Michael's usurpation also caused significant noble problems in Imereti. Giorgi I Dadiani took advantage of this to seize the territories of the Duchy of Tskhumi, thus extending his territories throughout the northeast of the Black Sea as far as Anakopia. The Sharvashidzes took possession of the rest of Abkhazia, while Guria and Svaneti in turn obtained de facto independence.

### Reign

The conflict continued until 1327, when Michael succeeded on the death of the childless Constantine as king of Imereti, although he had claimed the title earlier, as in the 1326 charter sanctioning a reparational payment (sasiskhlo, a Georgian equivalent of weregild) by a certain Gogitashvili to Mikeladze.
Michael sought to resubjugate to the crown the great nobles and provincial dynasts (eristavi), who had asserted greater autonomy for themselves in the reign of Constantine I. His efforts were of limited success; all he could achieve was the pledge from the eristavi to pay tribute and provide troops for a royal army.
Michael died in 1329. He was succeeded by his son, Bagrat I, who, owing to his minority, never firmly sat on the throne of Imereti and was reduced to the position of a vassal duke by the resurgent King George V the Brilliant, in 1330.
# McKinley Township, Polk County, Missouri

McKinley Township is an inactive township in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
McKinley Township was erected in 1910, taking its name from President William McKinley.
# Loch Naver

Loch Naver is a loch in the Farr parish in Sutherland in the Highland council area of northern Scotland. It is situated upon the B873 main road. Upon the loch are also the settlements of Kilbreck, Redhackaistelll and Dailmallhart. Additionally Alltnaharra and Achanaes are nearby. Fishing is very popular on Loch Naver and the River Naver.

## Geography

The Loch is nearly 10 kilometres long but only 200–600 metres across depending on Location, Loch Naver stretches out East-West and water flows eastward from the River Mudale and Loch Staonsaid to the River Naver and Loch Hope.

### Inflows and outflows

The Primary inflows of Loch Naver are the River Mudale and the River Vagastie while the primary outflow is the River Naver. Other inflows include:
* Grummore Burn
* Allt Gruama Beag
* Allt a' Choire Bhuidhe
* Allt a' Chnoic Leith
* Allt Ach' a' Chuil
* Allt Ruigh na Sealbhaig
* Allt Creagach
* Kilbreck Burn

## Fishing

Fishing is very common not only in Loch Naver but also in the River Naver, as it is a top place to catch trout. The Stathnaver area is often referred to as one of the best areas for fishing in the country. People wishing to stay in the area have choice with there being a caravan park on the Loch as well as lodges in Alltnaharra and Syre.
# Archiv der Mathematik

Archiv der Mathematik is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer, established in 1948.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* Mathematical Reviews
* Zentralblatt MATH
* Scopus
* SCImago
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.608.
# German submarine U-924

German submarine U-924 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was ordered on 6 June 1941, and was laid down on 15 April 1942 at Neptun Werft AG, Rostock, as yard number 511. She was launched on 25 September 1943 and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Jürg Schild on 20 November 1943.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-924 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two SSW GU 343/38-8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-924 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes or 26 TMA mines, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between 44 — 52 men.

## Service history

U-924 was scuttled at Kiel on 3 May 1945, as part of Operation Regenbogen. Her wreck was raised and broken up in 1947.
# Sperry Glacier

Sperry Glacier is a glacier on the north slopes of Gunsight Mountain west of the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Although many geologic features of Glacier National Park were formed during the much longer period of glaciation ending over 10,000 years ago, Sperry Glacier — like all the glaciers in the park today — is a product of the recent Little Ice Age, the period of cooler average temperatures starting in about the 13th century and concluding in the mid-19th century.
Once one of the largest glaciers in the park, the surface area of Sperry Glacier has retreated 75 percent since the mid-19th century. 2005 measurements of the surface area of the glacier resulted in an estimated area of 216 acres (0.87 km$^2$), whereas the glacier is estimated to have covered an area of 930 acres (3.8 km$^2$) at the end of the Little Ice Age in the mid-19th century. The glacier lost almost 35 percent of its surface area between 1966 and 2005. The glacier is named for Lyman B. Sperry, a professor from Oberlin College, who in 1895 participated in an expedition to explore the geography and map the region where the glacier is located. Like all other glaciers in the park, Sperry has significantly retreated, though it leaves many minor glacial features, including large moraines and streams and lakes colored a milky aqua from glacial flour. Unlike the more famous Grinnell Glacier, Sperry Glacier is high above the lakes it feeds, so no icebergs form.

## Visiting the Glacier

Hikers often spend the night at Sperry Chalet or its neighboring campground before undertaking the hike to Sperry Glacier. Although it is only 7 miles (11 km) round-trip from Sperry Chalet to Sperry Glacier, the trail is quite steep, rising 1,600 feet (490 m) in just 2.5 miles (4.0 km). Invisible from the rocky slopes below, a series of glacial cirques with streams, waterfalls and lakes reflecting snow fields and mountain peaks leads to a steep and narrow stone staircase cut into the stone ridge of Comeau Pass. The view from the top of the steps is panoramic, encompassing Mount Brown, Edwards Mountain, and Little Matterhorn.
Reaching the glacier itself involves crossing a wide rock scrabble, snow fields, and the technically challenging glacial moraine. Following the rock cairns and other trail markers will ensure the best footing and easiest routes. Ranger-led hikes are available, starting at the chalet.
For the more adventurous hiker, the glacier and the surrounding area known as Floral Park can be reached via a long day hike starting from Logan Pass. The route takes the hiker along the entire western edge of Hidden Lake before climbing upward along Bearhat Mountain and crossing the westernmost tip of the Dragon's Tail. From there, the route descends into Floral Park, and after a careful traverse across the bottom of the glacier, the hiker can exit the area via Comeau Pass and can descend down to the Going-to-the-Sun Road near Lake McDonald. The route is in the vicinity of 20 miles (32 km) and is quite strenuous.
# Lagrand

Lagrand (French pronunciation:) is a former commune in the Hautes-Alpes department in southeastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Garde-Colombe.
# AF+BG theorem

In algebraic geometry the AF+BG theorem (also known as Max Noether's fundamental theorem) is a result of Max Noether that asserts that, if the equation of an algebraic curve in the complex projective plane belongs locally (at each intersection point) to the ideal generated by the equations of two other algebraic curves, then it belongs globally to this ideal.

## Statement

Let F, G, and H be homogeneous polynomials in three variables, with H having higher degree than F and G; let a = deg H − deg F and b = deg H − deg G (both positive integers) be the differences of the degrees of the polynomials. Suppose that the greatest common divisor of F and G is a constant, which means that the projective curves that they define in the projective plane ⁠$\mathbb {P} ^{2}$⁠ have an intersection consisting in a finite number of points. For each point P of this intersection, the polynomials F and G generate an ideal (F, G)$_P$ of the local ring of ⁠$\mathbb {P} ^{2}$⁠ at P (this local ring is the ring of the fractions ⁠${\tfrac {n}{d}},$⁠ where n and d are polynomials in three variables and d(P) ≠ 0). The theorem asserts that, if H lies in (F, G)$_P$ for every intersection point P, then H lies in the ideal (F, G); that is, there are homogeneous polynomials A and B of degrees a and b, respectively, such that H = AF + BG. Furthermore, any two choices of A differ by a multiple of G, and similarly any two choices of B differ by a multiple of F.

## Related results

This theorem may be viewed as a generalization of Bézout's identity, which provides a condition under which an integer or a univariate polynomial h may be expressed as an element of the ideal generated by two other integers or univariate polynomials f and g: such a representation exists exactly when h is a multiple of the greatest common divisor of f and g. The AF+BG condition expresses, in terms of divisors (sets of points, with multiplicities), a similar condition under which a homogeneous polynomial H in three variables can be written as an element of the ideal generated by two other polynomials F and G.
This theorem is also a refinement, for this particular case, of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, which provides a condition expressing that some power of a polynomial h (in any number of variables) belongs to the ideal generated by a finite set of polynomials.
# Delfim Ribeiro Guedes

Delfim Ribeiro Guedes (Maria da Fé, state of Minas Gerais, May 2, 1908 - February 23, 1985) was a Brazilian bishop.
He was the first bishop of both the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leopoldina and the Roman Catholic Diocese of São João del-Rei.
# Greenbrier, Orange County, Indiana

Greenbrier (also Green Brier) is an unincorporated community in Greenfield Township, Orange County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

A post office was established at Greenbrier in 1861, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1938.
# Günzburg (district)

Günzburg is a Landkreis (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. Its capital is the town Günzburg. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Dillingen, Augsburg, Unterallgäu and Neu-Ulm, and by the state of Baden-Württemberg (districts Alb-Donau and Heidenheim).

## History

In the early Middle Ages the tiny county of Burgau ruled the region. In 1213 the county was acquired by the lords of Berg; it was then known as Berg-Burgau, but the last ruler of this collateral line died in 1301, and Burgau (now raised to the level of a margraviate) became an exclave of Austria. In the early 17th century the administrative seat was moved from the town of Burgau to Günzburg, but the margraviate retained its name. When the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist in 1806, the margraviate was dissolved and the region was annexed by Bavaria.
The district was established in 1972 by merging the former districts of Günzburg and Krumbach. Günzburg lost its status as an urban district and became the administrative seat of the new district.

## Geography

The Danube river and its tributaries characterise this district. The Danube runs through the northernmost parts of the district, passing the cities of Günzburg and Leipheim. There are several affluents coming from the south, for example Biber, Günz and Mindel. Most of the district's area is covered with forests; the eastern third of the territory is part of the Augsburg Western Forests Nature Park.

## Coat of arms

On the right there are the old arms of the margravate of Burgau: red and white with a yellow beam. The eagle is from the arms of the Schwabegg-Ursberg family, which founded two monasteries in the district.

## Towns and municipalities

| Towns | Municipalities |
| Burgau Günzburg Ichenhausen Krumbach Leipheim Thannhausen | Aichen Aletshausen Balzhausen Bibertal Breitenthal Bubesheim Burtenbach Deisenhausen Dürrlauingen Ebershausen Ellzee Gundremmingen Haldenwang Jettingen-Scheppach | Kammeltal Kötz Landensberg Münsterhausen Neuburg an der Kammel Offingen Rettenbach Röfingen Ursberg Waldstetten Waltenhausen Wiesenbach Winterbach Ziemetshausen |
# Eufidonia discospilata

Eufidonia discospilata, the sharp-lined powder moth, is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Eufidonia discospilata is 6639.
# Amazing Film Studio

Amazing Film Studio is a film production company founded by Adam Tsuei in 2012.

## Filmography

* Tiny Times (2013)
* Tiny Times 2 (2013)
* Café. Waiting. Love (2014)
* The Tenants Downstairs (2016)
# From Past Archives

From Past Archives is a live compilation album by English folk rock band Fairport Convention originally issued in Italy in 1992 and reissued by Rough Trade in 1994. It includes several tracks from their BBC sessions in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as well as later tracks from the Cropredy Festival.

## Track listing

* "Nottamun Town" (Trad. Arr. Fairport) – 3:37
** BBC Top Gear, recorded May 28, 1968, in 201 Piccadilly, Studio 1, broadcast June 2, 1968.
* "Meet On The Ledge" (Thompson) – 2:50
** BBC Stuart Henry, recorded December 2, 1968, in Aeolian Hall, Studio 2, broadcast December 8, 1968.
* "You're Going To Need My Help" (Morganfield) – 3:58
** BBC Radio 1 Club, host Tony Blackburn, recorded January 6, 1969, broadcast January 20, 1969.
* "Sir Patrick Spens" (Trad. Arr. Fairport) – 3:42
* "Tam Lin" (Trad. Arr. Fairport) – 7:41
* "Reynardine" (Trad. Arr. Fairport) – 4:09
** BBC Top Gear, recorded September 23, 1969, in Maida Vale, Studio 4, broadcast September 27, 1969.
* "Open The Door Richard" (Dylan) – 3:08
** BBC Sound of the Seventies, host David Symonds, recorded April 21, 1970, broadcast April 27, 1970.
* "Sloth" (Thompson, Swarbrick) – 11:58
** Live at the Filmore West, August 31, 1970.
* "Sickness and Diseases" (Thompson, Swarbrick) – 4:39
** BBC Sound of the Seventies, host Stuart Henry, recorded November 12, 1970, broadcast November 19, 1970.
* "She Moves Through The Fair" (Trad. Arr. Fairport) – 3:16
* "Like An Old Fashioned Waltz" (Denny) – 3:55
** Live at the Troubadour, Los Angeles, February 1974.
* "Rising For The Moon" (Denny) – 4:24
* "Down In The Flood" (Dylan) – 3:25
** BBC John Peel Show, recorded July 16, 1974, Langham, Studio 1, broadcast August 6, 1974.
* "No More Sad Refrains" (Denny) – 3:34
** Live at the Royal Albert Hall, London, June 10, 1975.
* "John The Gun" (Denny) – 4:58
* "Doctor of Physick" (Thompson, Swarbrick) – 4:02
** Live at The Cropredy Festival, Oxfordshire, England, August 11, 1984.
# Sperry Land and Sea Triplane

The Sperry Land and Sea Triplane was an American three seat amphibious aircraft designed as a coastal reconnaissance/bomber. Two examples were built and tested for the U.S. Navy towards the end of the First World War. The machine performed well on land and water, but no orders were placed.

## Design and development

Aircraft designer and aviation pioneer Alfred Verville working with Lawrence Sperry, conceived the aircraft to perform a similar role as the Curtiss HS series of flying boats, with the added ability to operate from land bases. The machine was an equal span two bay triplane with N-type interplane struts of all wood construction. Power was provided by a 400 hp (300 kW) Liberty L-12 water cooled engine turning a four bladed fixed wooden propeller in a pusher configuration.
The outrigger style empennage consisted of a single large vertical stabilizer and tailplane connected to the center main wing with two horizontal tubular spars. Two vertical struts were attached to the aft end of each tube spar and met at the extreme rear of the fuselage forming a very robust triangular structure. The high mounting of the tail was designed to prevent damage in heavy seas. When operating on the water with the engine off, the craft was much more seaworthy running "backwards" into the wind due to its hull design. Because of this, a unique tailskid could be folded down into a vertical drag position to make the machine lie tail into the wind.
The retractable hand-operated main landing gear pivoted upward to allow take offs and landings on water and the 360 lb (163 kg) wheel assemblies could also be jettisoned after takeoff, increasing range and performance, but necessitating a water landing. The Sperry Land and Sea Triplane was one of the first American aircraft to make use of retractable landing gear, developed by Sperry in 1915.

## Specifications

Data from Aviation and Aircraft Journal
General characteristics
* Crew: Three
* Length: 31 ft 6 in (9.60 m)
* Wingspan: 48 ft 0 in (14.63 m)
* Height: 15 ft 4 in (4.67 m)
* Wing area: 678 sq ft (63.0 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 3,711 lb (1,683 kg)
* Gross weight: 5,976 lb (2,711 kg)
* Fuel capacity: 135 gal.
* Powerplant: 1 × Liberty L-12 V 12 water cooled, 400 hp (300 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 91 mph (146 km/h, 79 kn)
* Cruise speed: 85 mph (137 km/h, 74 kn)
* Wing loading: 8.8 lb/sq ft (43 kg/m$^2$) max load
# Lagrange's formula

Lagrange's formula may refer to a number of results named after Joseph Louis Lagrange:
* Lagrange interpolation formula
* Lagrange–Bürmann formula
* Triple product expansion
* Mean value theorem
* Euler–Lagrange equation
# Malacoctenus costaricanus

Malacoctenus costaricanus is a species of labrisomid blenny only known from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and El Salvador.
# Alfred Baum

Alfred Baum may refer to:
* Alfred Baum (athlete) (born 1952), West German slalom canoer
* Alfred Baum (composer) (1904–1993), Swiss composer, pianist, and organist
# Tell Me Marianne

"Tell Me Marianne" is a 1947 English lyric adaptation of "A media luz [es]". Originally a 1924 tango by Edgardo Donato which became a standard, the English lyrics and verse melody were written by Bob Musel. It spent a week at number 1 on the British sheet music charts in June 1947.
The melody was also adapted by Dorcas Cochran as "When I Look Into Your Eyes", a 1952 song recorded by Champ Butler.

## Background

For the original 1924 version of "A media luz" (translated as "In the Dimmed Light"), the Spanish lyrics were written by Carlos Lenzi [es]; it is considered to be a representative popular tango of that decade. "Tell Me Marianne" was published in 1947, with the sheet music cover describing it as "an adaptation of the world-famous melody 'A media luz'".

## Chart performance

"Tell Me Marianne" first entered the sheet music charts for the week ending 26 April 1947. It dropped out the following week, and re-entered on 10 May, before reaching number 1 for a week on 26 June. It spent a total of 17 weeks on the chart. No recordings of the song entered the US Billboard Best Sellers in Stores chart.

## Recordings

When "Tell Me Marianne" first entered the charts in April 1947, two older recordings of "A media luz" were still available, by Victor Silvester and his Ballroom Orchestra (1941) and Stanley Black and his Orchestra (1946). When "Tell Me Marianne" reached the top of the sheet music charts in June, there were two versions of "Tell Me Marianne" available, both of which were issued that month. These were by vocalist Monte Rey, and Mantovani and his Orchestra (with vocals by Val Merrall). The following month saw versions released by Joe Loss and his Orchestra (vocals by Don Rivers), and Rita Williams. A non-vocal version by Loss was subsequently issued in 1950. In the early 1950s, Mantovani recorded "A media luz" as an instrumental for An Album of Favourite Tangos. It was released as a single in America in 1953.
A version of the song by Jean Sablon with Toots Camarata and his Orchestra was released in America in September 1948 by RCA Victor.
# Greenbrier, Warrick County, Indiana

Greenbrier is an unincorporated community in Hart Township, Warrick County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

## History

On April 26, 2011, strong winds – probably a tornado – associated with the 2011 Super Outbreak hit Greenbrier, along Highway 61, uprooting trees, snapping power poles, and causing damages to structures.

## Geography

Greenbrier is located at 38°07′14″N 87°17′01″W﻿ / ﻿38.12056°N 87.28361°W﻿ / 38.12056; -87.28361.