OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Place in the Country (essay collection)

A Place in the Country consists of six essays or monographs by W.G. Sebald, each devoted to a specific writer or artist.

## Contents

* A Comet in the Heavens: On Johann Peter Hebel
* J'Aurais Voulu Que Ce Lac Eut Été L'océan: On Jean Jacques-Rousseau
* Why I Grieve I Do Not Know: On Eduard Morike
* Death Draws Nigh, Time Marches On: On Gottfried Keller
* Le Promeneur Solitaire: On Robert Walser
* As Day and Night: On Jan Peter Tripp
# Abatocera irregularis

Abatocera irregularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Vollenhoven in 1871. It is known from the Celebes Islands.
# Marasmarcha empedota

Marasmarcha empedota is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from South Africa.
# Marasmarcha cinnamomeus

Marasmarcha cinnamomeus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the European part of Russia and Tajikistan.
# Ayub Afridi

Ayub Afridi may refer to:
* Ayub Afridi (politician), Pakistani senator
* Ayub Afridi (drug lord), Pakistani drug lord
# Manuel González Méndez

Manuel González Méndez (3 February 1843, Santa Cruz de La Palma - 9 September 1909, Barcelona) was a Spanish painter, musician, sculptor and art professor.

## Biography

He began his studies at the Lancasterian School in his hometown, where a generation of Canarian artists and intellectuals would receive their educations. He also attended a drawing school and participated in a choir in the nearby parish of El Salvador. later, he moved to Tenerife; settling initially in La Orotava, then San Cristóbal de La Laguna, where he obtained his bachelor's degree and continued to study music.
From 1866 to 1867, he attended classes at the "Academia Provincial de Bellas Artes" in Santa Cruz de Tenerife; studying landscape and watercolor painting. In 1870, after several trips to Italy, he enrolled at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs in Paris, where his primary instructor was the sculptor Aimé Millet. Two years later, he won an award there for a bas-relief on an Oriental theme. One of his other instructors there was the painter and sculptor, Jean-Léon Gérôme. During the Franco-Prussian War, he sold painted fans, with themes based on 17th-century Dutch paintings.
He received numerous awards throughout his career; including the Order of Isabella the Catholic (1889) and, in 1898, he was named a Knight in the Legion of Honor. In 1904, the Ayuntamiento de Santa Cruz de Tenerife granted him the chair of "Modelling and Decorative Composition" at the Municipal Drawing School. A street in Santa Cruz de la Palma was named after him in 1984 and a major retrospective was held there on the centenary of his death in 2009.
# Aagaardia

Aagaardia is a genus of fly in the Chironomidae family. Aagaardia has been found in Finland, the mainland of Norway and Russia.

## Species

There are five species described within this genus.
* Aagaardia longicalcis Sæther 2000
* Aagaardia oksanae Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2005
* Aagaardia protensa Sæther 2000
* Aagaardia sivertseni (Aagaard, 1979); also known as Eukiefferiella sivertseni (Aagaard, 1979)
* Aagaardia triangulata Sæther, 2000
# Marc Cavell

Marc or Mark Cavell may refer to:
* Marc Cavell (actor) (1939–2004), American actor
* Marc Cavell (artist) (1911–1989), British kinetic artist
* Mark Cavell, character in The Man from the Alamo
# A Sound of Lightning

A Sound of Lightning is a 1976 novel written by Australian author Jon Cleary and set in Montana.
Cleary lived in Montana for several months to research the book.
# A Wailing of a Town

A Wailing Of A Town: An Oral History of Early San Pedro Punk And More 1977-1985 is a non-fiction oral history of the San Pedro punk scene of the late 70s to the mid-1980s. Authored by Craig Ibarra, the book consists of 70+ interviews with band members (including members of Minutemen, Saccharine Trust, and Black Flag), photographers, and punk fans.
While the book expends about a quarter of its length on the well-known Minutemen, the book has been seen as a sort of rebuttal to the Hollywood-centric We Got the Neutron Bomb the book focuses on lesser known bands such as Saccharine Trust, Hari-Kari, Peer Group, Mood of Defiance and The Plebs. Ibarra spent seven years working on the book. Ibarra first got the idea for the book in January 2007 after reading Please Kill Me and We Got the Neutron Bomb.
The book was released on April 1, 2015, D. Boon's birthday.

## Reception

A Wailing Of A Town has received quite positive reviews. SLUG magazine praised the "excellent and essential, detailed oral history" and called the book "a must have." Rich Cocksedge of PunkNews.org gave the book four and a half stars out of five. Layla of Maximumrocknroll said "This book is one of the best accounts of punk I have read." Kelley O'Death of Razorcake described the book as "painstakingly thorough, richly detailed, and impeccably researched" and ultimately declared it "required reading for anyone who believes that, as Jacobelly puts it in the book’s prologue, 'Punk Rock is what you make it.'"
# Marc Lombard

Marc Lombard from Thun, Switzerland (born March 9) was the Director of the Kandersteg International Scout Centre and the Chairman of the Kandersteg International Scout Centre Foundation.
In 2016, Lombard was awarded the 349th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting.
Lombard studied Sport Management at the University of Fribourg, is the chief executive officer at "Bildungswerkstatt Bergwald" educational institution, and lives in Belp, Switzerland.
# BCO

BCO may refer to:
* Baco Airport, an airport in Ethiopia.
* BioCompute Object, a type of computational file built using the BioCompute standard for communicating workflows in high throughput sequencing analysis.
* Baseball Confederation of Oceania, the governing body for baseball in Oceania.
* Binary-coded octal, binary-encoded octal code
* Biodiversity Convention Office, a Canadian government office on biodiversity.
* Cash Offer, an all-cash non-contingent real estate offer.
* Boulder, Colorado
# Mapaseka Koetle

Mapaseka Koetle (born 23 March 1989) is a South African actress, business woman and blogger. She is known for her role as Dintle Nyathi in South African soap drama television series Scandal! She appeared on the 2018 Forbes Africa "30 Under 30" list.

## Early years and education

Koetle was born and raised in Bloemfontein, Free State. She began her tertiary education at AFDA, and completed her studies at CityVarsity.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Genre |
| 2014-present | Scandal! | Dintle Nyathi | TV series |
| 2020 | Gereza | TV Reporter | TV series |
| 2016 | Lenyalo Hase Papadi | Tebogo | TV series |
| 2024 | How To Ruin Love:The Proposal | (undisclosed) | Series |
| TBA.. | 0.16FM | (undisclosed) | Filming |
| 2024 | Losing Lerato 2 | Lolitha | Film |

## Personal life

She is married to Nelson Nyokong. Together they have one child, Nema. It was noted by reporters that Mapaseka has divorced her husband Nelson Nyokong.
Together with her husband, she opened and runs a franchise restaurant called Gorge Grab n Go Café, situated outside the Sandton Gautrain station in Johannesburg.
She donates sanitary pads to needy girls. She blogs about her experiences as a mother and hosts events which focus on anything concerning motherhood.
# March of Comics

March of Comics was a comic book series published by Western Publishing. 488 issues were published from 1946 to 1982.

## History

Comics historian Mark Evanier has described it as "...one of the most widely circulated comic books in the history of mankind ... some issues reportedly were issued in quantities of five million and up." The comic was not in standard comic format. All issues were smaller (in page count and eventually in size) than normal, and at one point they were printed in an oblong format. None were sold. The series was published as a "giveaway" premium and sold to vendors who would stamp their name on it (or arrange for their logo to be printed on the cover) and give it away to children who shopped at their store. A prominent outlet for the series was through the shoe departments at Sears stores. No publisher logo was on the cover. It was published under Western's "K.K. Publishing" subsidiary through the mid-1960s, then by just Western. Many of the characters published by Western for Dell Comics and their own Gold Key Comics, both licensed and original, appeared in the comic.
Characters published included Walt Disney characters, Warner Brothers characters, Walter Lantz Studio characters, Tarzan, Our Gang (with art by Walt Kelly), Little Lulu, and Western's own Turok and Space Family Robinson.
Issues of the March of Comics series are typically harder to find for collectors than other comics published in the same period, given their method of distribution, and as a giveaway, they are more likely to be thrown away by recipients (or their parents). The three most sought-after March of Comics issues are those featuring long Donald Duck stories by Carl Barks. These are no. 4 from 1947 (Maharajah Donald), no. 20 from 1948 (Darkest Africa), and no. 41 from 1949 (Race to the South Seas). This latter story is the very first where Gladstone Gander's extravagant good luck is revealed.
Comics historian Michael Barrier has posted on his website circulation figures supplied by Disney Archivist David R. Smith for some early issues of March of Comics, derived from royalty statements Western submitted to the Disney studios:
* Donald Duck March of Comics No. 20: 278,200
* Donald Duck March of Comics No. 56: 572,450
* Mickey Mouse March of Comics No. 27: 471,900
# Abbas Wasim Efendi

ʿAbbās Wasīm Efendi (1689–1760) was an Ottoman astronomer who wrote translations and commentaries used by astronomers and timekeepers of the Ottoman state. His most important work is a Turkish commentary on Ulugh Beg's Zij. He was born in Bursa, Turkey and died in Istanbul. He traveled extensively in search of knowledge, visiting Damascus, Egypt, Mecca, and Medina. After returning to Istanbul, he opened a clinic and pharmacy and treated patients for about 40 years. In addition, he wrote and translated many works on medicine and pharmacology that included the latest achievements of European science. He received his education from Bursalı Ali and Ömer Şifai Efendi. His grave is located in a cemetery outside Edirnekapı. Abbas Vesim Efendi is a scientist who has made significant contributions in both medicine and astronomy.
# Aziridine

Aziridine is an organic compound consisting of the three-membered heterocycle C$_2$H$_5$N. It is a colorless, toxic, volatile liquid that is of significant practical interest. Aziridine was discovered in 1888 by the chemist Siegmund Gabriel. Its derivatives, also referred to as aziridines, are of broader interest in medicinal chemistry.

## Structure

The bond angles in aziridine are approximately 60°, considerably less than the normal hydrocarbon bond angle of 109.5°, which results in angle strain as in the comparable cyclopropane and ethylene oxide molecules. A banana bond model explains bonding in such compounds. Aziridine is less basic than acyclic aliphatic amines, with a pKa of 7.9 for the conjugate acid, due to increased s character of the nitrogen free electron pair. Angle strain in aziridine also increases the barrier to nitrogen inversion. This barrier height permits the isolation of separate invertomers, for example the cis and trans invertomers of N-chloro-2-methylaziridine.

## Synthesis and uses

Aziridine is produced industrially from aminoethanol via two related routes. The Nippon Shokubai process requires an oxide catalyst and high temperatures to effect the dehydration. In the Wenker synthesis, the aminoethanol is converted to the sulfate ester, which undergoes base-induced sulfate elimination. Older methods entailed amination of 1,2-dichloroethane and cyclization of 2-chloroethylamine.
Aziridine forms a wide variety of polymeric derivatives, known as polyethylenimines (PEI). These and related species are useful crosslinking agents and precursors for coatings.

## Safety

Aziridine is highly toxic with an LD$_{50}$ of 14 mg (oral, rats). It is a skin irritant. As an alkylating agent, it is also a mutagen. It is reactive toward DNA, potentially relevant to its mutagenicity. Aziridine containing compounds also appear to be similarly dangerous.
# B.P.M. (1991–1994)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| NME | |
B.P.M. (1991–1994) is a compilation album by Washington, D.C. Indie band Unrest, released on July 25, 1995, by TeenBeat Records. In comprises tracks recorded by the Bridget Cross/Phil Krauth and Mark Robinson lineup of the band taken from singles, EPs, and soundtrack appearances, as well as previously unreleased material.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Bridget Cross, Phil Krauth and Mark Robinson, except where noted

## Personnel

Adapted from the B.P.M. (1991–1994) liner notes.

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| United States | 1995 | TeenBeat | CD, LP | TEENBEAT 175 |
# Abacetus multipunctatus

Abacetus multipunctatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Straneo in 1956.
# Abacetus mouffleti

Abacetus mouffleti is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Pterostichinae. It was described by Maximilien Chaudoir in 1876.
# Marcus Julius Agrippa

Marcus Julius Agrippa is the name of two romanized client kings of Judea in the 1st century:
* Agrippa I (Herod Agrippa, ruled 41–44) and his son
* Agrippa II (ruled 48–100)
# Marcus Julius Vestinus Atticus

Marcus Julius Vestinus Atticus (died April 65) was a Roman senator, who flourished under the reign of Nero. He was consul in the year 65 as the colleague of Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus; after his suicide he was replaced by Publius Pasidienus Firmus.

## Family

Werner Eck identifies Atticus as the son of the Praefectus Aegypti Lucius Julius Vestinus. Vestinus Atticus married Statilia Messalina, with whom Tacitus states Nero had an affair prior to their marriage. André Balland has argued that Messalina and Atticus had a son, to whom Martial addressed one of his epigrams (VII.32)

## His death

According to Suetonius, Nero murdered Atticus because he wanted to marry Messalina; after his death, Nero made Messalina his third wife. However, Tacitus provides a more detailed account of how Nero brought about Atticus' downfall: he had been a friend of Nero, but the emperor grew to hate him because Atticus saw through him and despised "the emperor's cowardice, while Nero feared the high spirits of his friend, who often bantered him with that rough humor which, when it draws largely on facts, leaves a bitter memory behind it." Nero had hoped Atticus was party to the disastrous Pisonian conspiracy, but Tacitus reports "many thought" Gaius Calpurnius Piso had not invited Atticus to take part because of his "enterprising spirit" that would replace Piso with another candidate as emperor, or even restore the Republic. When none of the conspirators named him as involved, Nero abused the Law of majestas and dispatched the tribune Gerellanus with a cohort of soldiers to Atticus' house, which towered over the Forum.
The soldiers found Atticus at his house entertaining guests, and delivered the tribune's summons. Understanding the purpose of the summons, Atticus immediately retired to his bed chambers where he killed himself. Meanwhile, the soldiers detained his guests for hours, only allowing them to leave "at a late hour of the night". Tacitus notes that Nero had "laughed over their terror at the expectation of a fatal end to their banquet" before saying "that they had suffered enough punishment for the consul's entertainment" and giving the order to release them.
# BZO

BZO may refer to:
* Bolzano Airport, with IATA code BZO
* Alliance for the Future of Austria, abbreviated BZÖ
* Bozaba language, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
# BZIP intron saccharomycetales

The bZIP intron saccharomycetales is an unconventional bZIP intron located in the HAC1 mRNA in most budding yeast belonging to Saccharomycetales order. The structure consists of two hairpins with their loop regions defining 5’ and 3’ splice sites and a long, poorly conserved sequence separating them. In some species this poorly conserved region can pair with the 5’ UTR of the HAC1 mRNA forming a pseudoknot, which stalls the translation. The unconventional splicing is performed by an endoribonuclease Ire1 in response to ER stress and it was first shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
# BL Herculis variable

BL Herculis variables are a subclass of type II Cepheids with low luminosity and mass, that have a period of less than eight days. They are pulsating stars with light curves that frequently show a bump on the descending side for stars of the shortest periods and on the ascending side for longer period stars. Like other type II Cepheids, they are very old population II stars found in the galaxy’s halo and globular clusters. Also, compared to other type II Cepheids, BL Herculis variables have shorter periods and are fainter than W Virginis variables. Pulsating stars vary in spectral class as they vary in brightness and BL Herculis variables are normally class A at their brightest and class F when most dim. When plotted on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram they fall in-between W Virginis and RR Lyrae variables.
The prototype star, BL Herculis, varies between magnitude 9.7 and 10.6 in a period of 1.3 days. The brightest BL Herculis variables, with their maximum magnitudes, are:
* VY Pyxidis, 7.7
* V553 Centauri, 8.2
* SW Tauri, 9.3
* RT Trianguli Australis, 9.4
* V351 Cephei, 9.5
* BL Herculis. 9.7
* BD Cassiopeiae, 10.8
* UY Eridani, 10.9
The BL Herculis stars show a wide variety of light curves, temperatures, and luminosity, and three subdivisions of the class have been defined, with the acronym AHB referring to above horizontal branch:
* XX Virginis stars (AHB1), with very fast rises to maximum and low metallicity
* CW stars (AHB2), W Virginis variables, longer periods, the bump on the ascending leg
* BL Herculis stars (AHB3), shorter periods, the bump on the descending leg
# Abaratha alida

Abaratha alida, the yellow spotted angle or Alida angle, is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Hainan and southern China. It was first described by Lionel de Nicéville in 1891.

## Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised:
* Abaratha alida lanka (Evans, 1932) - Sri Lanka
* Abaratha alida vespa (Evans, 1949) - India
* Abaratha alida yerburyi (Evans, 1949) - Pakistan
* Abaratha alida alida de Nicéville, 1891 - Thailand, northern India, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam

## Description

   Male. Upper.side ochreous-brown. Forewing with five sub-apical white spots, the three from near the costa in an outwardly oblique straight line, the two lower ones minute, sometimes absent; a small round dot within the cell before its middle, a spot within the outer end, highly excavated on its outer side, its upper half merely a short curved streak, a round spot in the middle of the first median interspace, a round dot outside towards the base of the second median interspace, a minute dot immediately below the lower spot and a small round spot inwardly below it, both in the interno-median interspace, a very minute dot close to the costa at its middle, all the spots and dots white and semi-hyaline; an indistinct brown narrow bar before the middle across the interno-median interspace; and an indistinct, irregular, recurved brown lunular discal line. Hindwing with indistinct, lunular, brown, discal and sub-marginal lines; both wings with brown outer marginal line and white cilia, with small brown patches at the vein ends. Underside pale brown, spots and markings as above, both wings covered and smeared with white scaling, the outer marginal line brown, with a little brown suffusion on its inner side. Antennae with the underside of the upper half of the club ochreous, a white streak on the lower half, the shaft with white dots. Palpi, body beneath and the legs white; head and body above concolorous with the wings, a white spot on each side of the head.
   Female similar to the male, duller in colour above and not nearly so white beneath, and across the disc of the forewing beneath there is a rather broad, indistinct brownish fascia.
# Margaret Jackson

Margaret Jackson may refer to:
* Margaret Jackson (executive) (born 1953), Australian corporate executive
* Margaret Jackson (climber) (1843–1906), mountaineer
* Margaret Jackson (secretary) (1917–2013), principal secretary to the director general of the SOE, member of the OEEC, and Southwark councillor
* Margaret J. Jackson (died 2003), American politician from Maryland
# Marc Seguin

Marc Seguin (20 April 1786 – 24 February 1875) was a French engineer, inventor of the wire-cable suspension bridge and the multi-tubular steam-engine boiler.

## Early life

Seguin was born in Annonay, Ardèche to Marc François Seguin, the founder of Seguin & Co., and Thérèse-Augustine de Montgolfier, a niece of the pioneer hot air balloonist Joseph Montgolfier.

## Career
### Bridges

Seguin was an inventor and entrepreneur who developed the first suspension bridge in continental Europe. He built and administered 186 toll-bridges throughout France. At the 1823 Exposition des produits de l'industrie française a model was exhibited of a planned suspension bridge which would span the Rhône from Tain-l'Hermitage to Tournon-sur-Rhône. The bridge, designed by Seguin, was completed in 1825.

### Steam locomotives

Shortly after the Stockton and Darlington Railway in England opened (1825) he visited it and observed George Stephenson's Locomotion in operation and acquired two of his engines, which however proved unreliable in French conditions. In 1829, he delivered two steam locomotives of his own design to the Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway. These used an innovative multi-tube boiler and also prominent mechanically-driven fans to provide draught on the fire, rather than Stephenson's blastpipe. This boiler resembled the later Scotch marine boiler in some aspects, in that the boiler had a large single flue from the furnace, then many small-diameter fire-tubes returning to a chimney above the firebox door. Uniquely, Seguin's design also arranged the furnace in a large square water-jacketed firebox beneath the boiler to provide a large grate area and greater heating capacity. Robert Stephenson had also made the same decision with his Rocket, but placed his firebox separately and behind the main boiler shell. Seguin's boiler enabled steam-engine trains to increase power and velocity from 4 miles per hour to 25 miles per hour, making railroad a more viable mode of transportation.

### Other businesses

Inventor and entrepreneur, teaming with his brothers, Camille, Jules, Paul and Charles, as well as his brother in law Vincent Mignot he continued his father's successful business in textiles, paper, gas-lighting, coal mines, construction and added to it a railroad company and a bridge construction business.

## Honours

Marc Seguin was voted into the Académie des Sciences in 1845, was made a Knight (Chevalier) of the Légion d'honneur in 1836 and an Officer in 1866, and wrote numerous books on the use of physics and mathematics in building bridges and locomotives engines. His name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower.