OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wellington Province

Wellington Province, governed by the Wellington Provincial Council, was one of the provinces of New Zealand from 1853 until the abolition of provincial government in 1876. It covered much of the southern half of the North Island until November 1858, when Hawke's Bay Province split off, taking about a third of its area.

## Territory

Wellington Province originally covered much of the southern half of the North Island. Its northern boundary was drawn arbitrarily across most of the middle of the island at latitude 39° south to the east coast, just including the entirety of Hawke Bay. North of that line was Auckland Province. The straight-line boundary did not extend right to the west coast, but dipped south to the coast just west of Waverley and short of Patea, allowing for New Plymouth Province (later renamed Taranaki Province) to the west.
Hawke's Bay settlers broke away to form Hawke's Bay Province on 1 November 1858. Wellington Province's new eastern boundary followed the main divide of the eastern ranges, and cut across from just south of Woodville to the east coast near Cape Turnagain. Thus Wellington lost about a third of its area, leaving it with a territory roughly the same as the combined present-day Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington regions.
The latter Wellington provincial boundaries include four of New Zealand's main urban areas: Wellington, Palmerston North, Whanganui and Kāpiti. Other large towns are Feilding, Levin and Masterton. According to Statistics New Zealand figures at the 2001 census 626,000 people lived within the provincial boundaries.

## European settlement

European settlement in what became Wellington Province started at Port Nicholson (now called Wellington Harbour) and at Whanganui in 1840. Settlement in Hawke's Bay started a decade later, around 1850.

## Superintendents

Wellington Province had two successive superintendents.
| No. | From | To | Superintendent |
| 1 | 2 July 1853 | 14 March 1870 | Isaac Featherston |
| 2 | 28 April 1871 | 1 Jan 1877 | William Fitzherbert |

## Legislation

The only two acts of the provincial assembly still in effect are the Manawatu Racecourse Act 1869 and the Wanganui And Rangitikei Racecourses Act 1862.

## Anniversary Day

New Zealand law provides an anniversary day for each province. Wellington Anniversary Day is the Monday that falls closest to 22 January and is observed as a public holiday within the old provincial boundaries.
# Demetrious

Demetrious is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:
* Demetrious Cox (born 1994), American football player
* Demetrious Johnson (born 1986), American mixed martial artist
* Demetrious Johnson (American football) (1961-2022), American football player
* Demetrious Maxie (born 1973), Canadian football player
# Wicklow Street

Wicklow Street (Irish: Sráid Chill Mhantáin) is an established shopping street located in Dublin city centre, running from Grafton Street in the east to Exchequer Street and South William Street in the west.

## History

In 1776, the street was part of Exchequer Street, named after the old Exchequer which was sited there, having formerly been known from 1728 as Chequer Lane. At this time, Exchequer Street ran from Georges Street onto Grafton Street and the eastern end of the street did not become Wicklow Street until October 1837. The residents of this part of the street petitioned the Wide Streets Commission to have the name changed because of a bad reputation which made it difficult to find respectable tenants for the properties. M'Cready could find no explanation for the choice of Wicklow as the new name.
The jewellers Weir and Sons were established at Nos. 1-3 Wicklow Street in 1869 by Thomas Weir after leaving Wests in College Green. The drapers Brown Thomas moved from Grafton Street into a property on Nos. 38-45 Wicklow Street in 1838.

## Today

Since the 1980s, part of the street has been pedestrianised, and it is now one of Ireland's most expensive streets, along with Grafton Street. There are a number of shops, cafes and restaurants on the street.
# Bombers (David Bowie song)

"Bombers" is a song written by English singer-songwriter David Bowie. It was recorded in July 1971 and intended for the album Hunky Dory, but was replaced at the last minute by the cover "Fill Your Heart".
It was released as a promo single by RCA in the US in November 1971, backed by a remix of "Eight Line Poem" that can only be found on this single (both tracks were also issued on an extremely limited edition promotional LP by RCA/Gem). A bootleg version backing "London Bye Ta-Ta" was also released in the early 1970s. The track was eventually given wide release as a bonus track on the Rykodisc reissue of Hunky Dory in 1990.
The song was officially released for the second time in 2017 on a newly mixed re-issue of the promotional RCA/Gem LP (commonly entitled "Bowpromo") as an exclusive release for Record Store Day.

## Track listing

* "Bombers" (Bowie)
* "Eight Line Poem" (Bowie)

## Production credits

* Producer:
** Ken Scott
* Musicians:
** David Bowie: vocals, guitar
** Mick Ronson: guitar
** Trevor Bolder: bass
** Mick Woodmansey: drums
** Rick Wakeman: piano

## Live versions

* Bowie played "Bombers" on the BBC show In Concert: John Peel on 3 June 1971. This was broadcast on 20 June 1971 and released in 2000 on the album Bowie at the Beeb.
* Bowie played the song during his set at the Glastonbury Festival, Worthy Farm, Pilton, UK, in the early hours of 20 June 1971.
# Nick Jewell

Nicholas Jewell (born 27 August 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer and a professional cricketer who played for Victoria.
Jewell was educated at Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne and played for Under-18s football for Prahran; in Year 12 at Caulfield, he set a then Associated Public Schools of Victoria record for the most runs in a season (later eclipsed in season 2005–06 by Melbourne Grammar School cricket captain Bryan Vance), and captained the school's First XI team. Jewell played one Australian Football League game for the Richmond Football Club in 1997, the club for whom his father Tony Jewell had played for, before turning his attention to cricket.
He made his second XI debut for the Victorian Bushrangers in the 2001–02 season, and made his senior debut shortly afterwards, in a four-run ING Cup loss to the Queensland Bulls. Jewell was seen as a one-day specialist early in his career and opened the batting with a focus on attack. This left him unsettled, and he switched between the second XI and the first XI for the following three seasons.
In the 2005–06 season he changed his approach and adopted a dour, defensive style that saw him start in all first class games played by Victoria. In January 2006, Jewell scored his maiden first-class century against New South Wales Blues at Lismore.
On 21 November 2007, playing for Victoria against Queensland at the Gabba, Jewell made his highest first class score of 188. He and Brad Hodge batted undefeated for the entire third day of the game, only the fourth wicketless day's play in the history of the competition.
Jewell played his premier cricket for St Kilda (1995/96 to 2007/08) and for Frankston Peninsula (2008/09 to 2010/11). He was more of an all-rounder at grade level than he was at first class level, averaging 39.0 with the bat and taking 160 wickets at 22.4 across his career.
# Eatoniella atervisceralis

Eatoniella atervisceralis is a species of marine gastropod mollusc in the family Eatoniellidae. It was first described by Winston F. Ponder in 1965. It is endemic to the waters of New Zealand.

## Description

Eatoniella atervisceralis has a minute, conical smooth shell, and is yellowish white in colour. The animal's body is pigmented with black blotches, while the head and foot are unpigmented. The species measures 1.23 millimetres by 0.75 millimetres.
The species resembles Eatoniella pullmitra, however can be told apart by its smaller umbilicus and colour.

## Distribution

The species is endemic to New Zealand. The holotype of the species was collected in October 1951 from Lonnekers Beach in Stewart Island by E.C. Smith, found amongst coralline algae at low tide. Specimens have been found in the North Island, often amongst seaweed.
# Xiangli Bin

Xiangli Bin (Chinese: 相里斌; pinyin: Xiànglǐ Bīn; born March 1967) is a Chinese research professor at the Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He has served as a vice-president of the CAS since 2016. He is a member of the Chinese Society for Optical Engineering (CSOE) and Chinese Optical Society (COS), and an academician of the CAS.

## Education

Xiangli was born in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China in March 1967, while his ancestral home in Wanrong County, Shanxi. He earned his bachelor's degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in July 1990, and doctor's degree from the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in June 1995. Then he was a postdoctoral fellow at Northwest University.

## Career

In February 1998, he was assigned to the Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, serving until February 2005. From March 2005 to September 2006, he successively served as deputy director and director of the Bureau of High Technology Research and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In September 2006, he was promoted to become dean of Xi'an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and held that office until June 2008. He became president of Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in July 2008, and served until October 2013. He was director of Innovation Academy for Microsatellites, Chinese Academy of Sciences in September 2009, serving until May 2016. In 2015, he was appointed general director of Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In April 2016 he was named vice-president of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).
He was a delegate to the 11th and 12th National People's Congress. In October 2017 he became a delegate to the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.

## Honors and awards

* Fellow of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
* 2013 State Science and Technology Award (Second Class)
* 2015 State Science and Technology Award (Special Award)
* November 6, 2018 Science and Technology Award of the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation
* November 22, 2019 Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
# Niels Ebbesen

Niels Ebbesen (1308 – 21 November 1340) was a Danish squire and national hero, known for assassinating Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg in 1340. From 1332 to 1340, Count Gerhard was the lord of both Jutland and Funen. His death meant the end of Holstein rule in Denmark.

## Biography

Little is known of Ebbesen's background. He seems to have belonged to the Jutland gentry. Like many other of his class, he probably supported the Holstein occupiers during the years of chaos, but later turned against them and when Count Gerhard campaigned in Jutland in 1340, Ebbesen supported the Jutland guerrillas.
On 1 April 1340, Ebbesen and 47 of his warriors entered Randers and hid until nightfall. They got into the Count's headquarters and entered his bedroom. They cut off the count's head over the end of the bed. Not wishing for the act to be secret, Ebbesen's men beat a drum and shouted that the Count had been executed. When the Holsteiners gave chase, Ebbesen and his men fled toward the bridge over the River Guden. Svend Trøst, one of Ebbesen's men, had weakened the bridge, and as soon as Ebbesen and his followers had crossed, they pulled the bridge down and made their escape, losing just a single man.
During the following rebellion, Niels Ebbesen played a main role in the resistance and defeated the Germans at Skjern River, but he was killed the same year during a fight against the Germans. 2,000 Danes laid siege to Skanderborg Castle in April 1340. A relief force of 600 German knights and a simultaneous attack from the castle drove the Danes back into their wagon fortress on Nun Hill. The ring of wagons was breached, and Ebbesen and his men were surrounded and butchered by the Germans.

## Legacy

Traditionally, Niels Ebbesen has been regarded one of the great heroes of medieval Danish history and one of the symbols of Danish nationality. His actions marked the beginning of the liberation of Denmark. Yet others disapproved of his act, regarding it as simply murder. Whether his motives were purely national or partly private is impossible to know. This has not prevented both romantic Danish poetry and modern ballads from praising him as a freedom fighter.
A memorial to Niels Ebbesen and his followers was first erected in 1878 at Skanderborg. The Visbycross of stone with a bronze sword was designed by the sculptor Louis Hasselriis (1844–1912)
A statue of Niels Ebbesen was erected in 1882 at Randers. It was designed by the sculptor Ferdinand Edvard Ring (1829–1886).
A ballad (DgF 156, "Niels Ebbesen") dealing with the killing of Count Gerhard by Ebbesen was translated into English in Alexander Gray's Historical Ballads of Denmark (Edinburgh University Press, 1958).
In 1942, during the German occupation of Denmark in the Second World War, a play about Ebbesen's rebellion was written by the dramatist Kaj Munk (1898–1944). The Nazi occupiers banned the play and murdered its playwright.
A number of streets across Denmark has also been named after Ebbesen, including Niels Ebbesens Vej in Frederiksberg, Niels Ebbesens Gade in Aalborg and Niels Ebbesens Gade in Randers.
# Nicolai Cikovsky

Nicolai Stepanovich Cikovsky (December 10, 1894 – May 6, 1985) was an American painter. His work is held at the Whitney, MoMA, the Brooklyn Museum and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He also had three New Deal-era Treasury Section of Fine Arts commissions for public buildings: two murals at Maryland post offices and a set of the murals at the Interior Building in Washington, D.C.
Born "near the Polish border," Cikovsky emigrated from Pinsk to the United States in 1923. He published a number of pieces in proletarian (Communist) journals like New Masses and International Literature in the 1930s. He was a member of the John Reed Club and showed landscapes at the Whitney. Cikovsky was a resident at Yaddo in 1931. Cikovsky was one of the Soviet émigré painters who formed the Hampton Bays Art Group. Other members of the group were David Burliuk, Arshile Gorky, Moses Soyer, Raphael Soyer, John D. Graham, George Constant, and Milton Avery. Originally producing slightly abstracted images, by the late 1940s Cikovsky had moved toward naturalism. Cikovsky died in Washington, D.C. at age 90.
Nicolai Cikovsky Jr. (1933–2016) was a noted art historian and curator at the National Gallery of Art.
# Hostile Environment (album)

Hostile Environment is a studio album by English reggae band Creation Rebel. It was released on 6 October 2023 by On-U Sound.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Aggregate scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Spill Magazine | |
Hostile Environment was met with "universal acclaim" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 81, based on 4 reviews.

## Charts

Chart performance for Hostile Environment :
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 72 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 18 |
# Nicolas-Philippe Ledru

Nicolas-Philippe Ledru (1731, Paris – October 6, 1807, Fontenay-aux-Roses), known as Comus, was a noted European physicist, prestidigitator and illusionist of the late 18th century. He had two sons, Jacques Philippe Ledru (1754–1832), a member of the French National Academy of Medicine and a mayor of Fontenay-aux-Roses, and Jacques Auguste Ledru, an inspector of pawn-shops. The latter was the father of Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin, a lawyer and a French politician.
Nicolas-Philippe Ledru styled himself Comus after the Greek god of mirth and revelry, and entertained royalty, aristocrats, and the general public with his scientific experiments. He traveled extensively throughout Europe demonstrating his tricks and acquired a huge reputation. He had an office in Paris where he performed various experiments for the public on sound, light, electricity, magnetism, incompressibility of water and so on. At his office he also introduced tricks of illusion, such as a female robot getting dressed when asked, a small face with eyes taking on the color of the pupil of the one who looked at it, an artificial hand writing thoughts of a spectator, a "siren" answering questions and so on. Comus occasionally introduced his tricks at the court of Louis XVI, and in May 1777 he gave a performance in Paris for Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Apart from demonstrating magic acts, he devised a new system for nautical maps and an application of electricity for therapeutic purposes for illness of the nervous system or, simply, epilepsy. Louis XV, who appointed him his physician, gave him the title Professeur de Physique des Enfants de France. Louis XVI authorized him to practice at his new hospice Médico-Électrique.
Comus was imprisoned during the Terror but avoided the guillotine. He died in 1807 a wealthy man. His fortune ultimately descended to his grandson Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin.
# Nicolas-Pierre Loir

Nicolas Pierre Loir (1624, Paris – 1679, Paris), was a French painter and engraver of religious and historical allegories.

## Biography

According to the RKD he was a pupil of Sébastien Bourdon and Simon Vouet, who later became a follower of Nicolas Poussin. He travelled to Italy in the years 1647–1649, and in 1650 was back in Paris. In 1669 his pupil François de Troy married his sister-in-law, Jeanne Cotelle. Roger de Piles included him in his list of notable French artists, noting that he was the son of a goldsmith and a very good draughtsman.
# Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier

Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier (9 May 1784 – 25 September 1843) was a French sculptor and engraver of coins and medals.

## Life

Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier was the son of Pierre-Joseph Tiolier (1763–1819). He was born in Paris. He was a pupil of his father and of the engraver Romain-Vincent Jeuffroy (1749–1826) and the sculptor Claude Dejoux (1732–1816). The first competition of the Prix de Rome was for a stone engraving of the seated Emperor Napoleon crowned with laurels. On 25 June 1805 Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier, the sole candidate, won the prize. As a prize winner, Tiolier lived at the Villa Medici in Rome from 1806 to 1811. He made a portrait of Raphael.
Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier succeeded his father as 16th general engraver of coins in September 1816. He held his position until the end of December 1842. Tolier was a Freemason. He was knighted in 1821. He engraved the seals of Louis XVIII, Charles X and the Order of the Holy Spirit, and also engraved medals for Louis-Philippe. Besides engraving coins and medals, Tiolier was a sculptor and engraver in stone. He was made a knight of the Legion of Honor in July 1825.
Tiolier died in Paris in 1843 and is buried in the 25th division of the Père Lachaise Cemetery. He was succeeded as Graveur Général by Jacques-Jean Barre. He had one son and one daughter, but they left no descendants.
* Force enslaved by love
* Medal of Antoine Roy, Finance Minister of Louis XVIII
# Ecbolium viride

Ecbolium viride is a species of Ecbolium of the family Acanthaceae. It can be found in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, where it is widely used as a medicinal plant.

## Chemical present

Leaves, roots and flowers contain orientin, vitexin, isoorientin, isovitexin.
# Eddie Price

Edward Joseph Price Jr. (September 2, 1925 – July 21, 1979) was an American professional football player who was a running back for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football at Tulane University, he played six seasons with the Giants. Price was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1982.

## Biography

Price was born in New Orleans and attended Warren Easton High School there, class of 1943. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, then attended Tulane University and played college football for the Green Wave.
At Tulane, Price was a four-year letterman in football, for the 1946–1949 seasons. He was named to All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) teams three times, 1947–1949, the latter two times being a consensus selection. He was named to College Football All-America Teams in 1948 and 1949 by some selectors.
Price played in the 1950 Senior Bowl, the inaugural edition of that game, scoring a fourth-quarter touchdown for the South team, which defeated the North team, 22–13. He was selected in the second round of the 1950 NFL draft by the New York Giants. He had previously been selected by the Brooklyn Dodgers of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) in the 1949 AAFC Draft, but he did not play in that league.
Price's NFL career lasted six seasons, 1950–1955, all with the Giants. He led the NFL in rushing in 1951, gaining 971 yards on 271 carries in a 12-week season. His 80.9 yards per game also led the league. He played a total of 63 regular-season NFL games (50 starts) while accruing 3,292 yards on 846 attempts, an average of 3.9 yards per carry. He had 20 rushing touchdowns and four receiving touchdowns.
Following his professional football career, Price returned on New Orleans. He worked as a television sports announcer and also worked in sales for a brewing company. In September 1963, Price was announced as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana, paired with gubernatorial candidate Louis J. Michot. Michot placed sixth in the Democratic gubernatorial primary.
Price's son, Eddie Price III, also played football for Tulane and was a two-year letterman, 1972–1973. The elder Price was inducted to the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 1975, and was a charter member of the Tulane Athletics Hall of Fame when it was established in 1977. He died in July 1979 at his New Orleans home of a heart attack, aged 53. He was posthumously inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1982. Price is also an inductee of the Warren Easton Hall of Fame.
# Eceköy, Bozüyük

Eceköy (also: Ece) is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 32 (2021).
# Xiaying District

23°13′44.6″N 120°15′52.4″E﻿ / ﻿23.229056°N 120.264556°E﻿ / 23.229056; 120.264556
Xiaying District (Chinese: 下營區; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiàyíng Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Siàyíng Cyu; Wade–Giles: Hsia$^4$-ying$^2$ Ch'ü$^1$; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-iâⁿ-khu) is a rural district of about 22,825 residents in Tainan, Taiwan.

## History

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945, Xiaying was organized as a rural township of Tainan County. On 25 December 2010, Tainan County was merged with Tainan City and Xiaying was upgraded to a district of the city.

## Administrative divisions

Xiaying, Renli, Zhainei, Houjie, Xinxing, Yingqian, Datun, Dabei, Maogang, Zhongying, Kaihua, Xilian, Hejian, Jiazhong and Hongcuo Village.

## Tourist attractions

* Sinying Sugar Plant

## Notable natives

* Chen Wei-zen, Minister of the Interior (2014–2016)
* Yen Shui-long, former painter and sculptor