OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Mike Sowell

Mike Sowell is a sports historian and the author of three baseball books, including The Pitch That Killed about Ray Chapman and Carl Mays. Named a Notable Book of the Year by The New York Times in 1989, and winner of the CASEY Award for best baseball book of 1989, The Pitch That Killed tells the story of the only on-field fatality in major league baseball history, when the Yankees' Mays beaned the Indians' Chapman in the final weeks of the 1920 American League pennant race.
Sowell also wrote about baseball tragedies in his other books. One Pitch Away, about the 1986 baseball postseason and the key players involved, featured Donnie Moore, the Angels pitcher whose suicide two years later was linked to his role in the 1986 ALCS, and Bill Buckner, whose 20-year career was tainted by missing a ground ball in Game 6 of the World Series. Sowell's 1992 book July 2, 1903 explored the mysterious death of Hall-of-Famer Ed Delahanty, who died after being swept over Niagara Falls.
In addition to his books and articles on baseball history, Sowell wrote the text for Cardtoons, a set of baseball parody cards that led to a lawsuit with the Major League Baseball Players Association. In Cardtoons v. MLBPA, the court ruled in 1996 that the cards parodying the players and their greed were protected by the First Amendment.
Sowell, a former sportswriter for the Tulsa Tribune, is now a journalism professor at Oklahoma State University. He was inducted into the Oklahoma Journalism Hall of Fame in 2007.
# Dietrich Mahnke

Dietrich Mahnke (17 October 1884, Verden – 25 July 1939, Fürth) was a German philosopher and historian of mathematics.
From 1902–1906, Mahnke studied at Göttingen under Edmund Husserl and David Hilbert. After serving in the First World War (stationed in Lens, France), he graduated from the University of Freiburg in 1925 with a thesis on Leibniz. The thesis was later published in the Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung as Leibnizens Synthese von Universalmathematik und Individualmetaphysik. In 1926 he habilitated at Greifswald with a thesis entitled Neue Einblicke in die Entdeckungsgeschichte der höheren Analysis. In 1927 he became a professor of philosophy at Marburg.
In 1934 he became a member of the Nazi SA.
Mahnke's work in the history of mathematics focussed primarily on Leibniz's development of the infinitesimal calculus, and his relationship to Neo-Platonism. His last book, Unendliche Sphäre und Allmittelpunkt, Beiträge zur Genealogie der mathematischen Mystik was a study of the use of mathematical symbolism, especially the notion of "infinite spheres", in religious mysticism. At the time of his death, Mahnke was editing a volume of Leibniz's mathematical correspondence. This project was then taken over by Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann.
Mahnke was killed in a car accident.
His Nachlass is preserved at the University of Marburg.

## Select Bibliography

Leibniz als Gegner der Gelehrteneinseitigkeit (1912) Der Wille der Ewigkeit (1917)
Eine Neue Monadologie (1917)
Die Neubelebung der Leibnizschen Weltanschauung (1920) Ewigkeit und Gegenwart, Eine Fichtische Zusammenschau (1922) Von Hilbert zu Husserl, Erste Einführung in die Phänomenologie, besonders die formale Mathematik (1923) Leibniz und Goethe: die Harmonie ihrer Weltansichten (1924) Neue Einblicke in die Entdeckungsgeschichte der höheren Analysis (1926)
Ein unbekanntes Selbstzeugnis Leibnizens aus seiner Erziehertätigkeit (1931) Unendliche Sphäre und Allmittelpunkt, Beiträge zur Genealogie der mathematischen Mystik (1937) Die Rationalisierung der Mystik bei Leibniz und Kant (1939)
# Alvania rischi

Alvania rischi is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

Fossils have been found in Miocene strata in North Germany.
# Appert topology

In general topology, a branch of mathematics, the Appert topology, named for Antoine Appert (1934), is a topology on the set X = {1, 2, 3, ...} of positive integers. In the Appert topology, the open sets are those that do not contain 1, and those that asymptotically contain almost every positive integer. The space X with the Appert topology is called the Appert space.

## Construction

For a subset S of X, let N(n,S) denote the number of elements of S which are less than or equal to n:
    $\mathrm {N} (n,S)=\#\{m\in S:m\leq n\}.$
S is defined to be open in the Appert topology if either it does not contain 1 or if it has asymptotic density equal to 1, i.e., it satisfies
    $\lim _{n\to \infty }{\frac {{\text{N}}(n,S)}{n}}=1$.
The empty set is open because it does not contain 1, and the whole set X is open since ${\text{N}}(n,X)/n=1$ for all n.

## Related topologies

The Appert topology is closely related to the Fort space topology that arises from giving the set of integers greater than one the discrete topology, and then taking the point 1 as the point at infinity in a one point compactification of the space. The Appert topology is finer than the Fort space topology, as any cofinite subset of X has asymptotic density equal to 1.

## Properties

* The closed subsets S of X are those that either contain 1 or that have zero asymptotic density, namely $\lim _{n\to \infty }\mathrm {N} (n,S)/n=0$.
* Every point of X has a local basis of clopen sets, i.e., X is a zero-dimensional space. Proof: Every open neighborhood of 1 is also closed. For any $x\neq 1$, $\{x\}$ is both closed and open.
* X is Hausdorff and perfectly normal (T$_6$). Proof: X is T$_1$. Given any two disjoint closed sets A and B, at least one of them, say A, does not contain 1. A is then clopen and A and its complement are disjoint respective neighborhoods of A and B, which shows that X is normal and Hausdorff. Finally, any subset, in particular any closed subset, in a countable T$_1$ space is a G$_δ$, so X is perfectly normal.
* X is countable, but not first countable, and hence not second countable and not metrizable.
* A subset of X is compact if and only if it is finite. In particular, X is not locally compact, since there is no compact neighborhood of 1.
* X is not countably compact. Proof: The infinite set $\{2^{n}:n\geq 1\}$ has zero asymptotic density, hence is closed in X. Each of its points is isolated. Since X contains an infinite closed discrete subset, it is not limit point compact, and therefore it is not countably compact.
# Habutarus

Habutarus is a genus of carabids in the beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 20 described species in Habutarus, found in Australia and New Guinea.

## Species

These 23 species belong to the genus Habutarus:
* Habutarus abboti Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus calderi Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus canaliculatus Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus chillagoensis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus convexipennis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus crassiceps (W.J.MacLeay, 1871) (Australia)
* Habutarus demarzi Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus eungellae Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus iridipennis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus kirramae Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus laticeps Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus madang Baehr, 2008 (New Guinea)
* Habutarus monteithi Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus morosus (Sloane, 1915) (Australia)
* Habutarus nitidicollis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus opacipennis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus papua (Darlington, 1968) (New Guinea)
* Habutarus parviceps Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus pilosus (Baehr, 1996) (New Guinea)
* Habutarus punctatipennis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus rugosipennis Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
* Habutarus wau Baehr, 2008 (New Guinea)
* Habutarus weiri Baehr, 2008 (Australia)
# The Sweetest Sounds

The Sweetest Sounds may refer to:
* "The Sweetest Sounds" (song), a 1962 song by Richard Rodgers
* The Sweetest Sounds (Ilse Huizinga album), 2001
* The Sweetest Sounds (Rune Gustafsson and Zoot Sims album), 1979
# François Amégasse

François Amégasse Akol (born 10 October 1965) is a Gabonese former footballer who played as a defender. He was capped 110 times by the Gabon national team, scoring nine goals, and represented Gabon at the 1994, 1996 and 2000 African Cup of Nations. Amégasse captained Gabon at the 2000 African Cup of Nations finals.
After he retired from playing, Amégasse continued to be involved in football. He was named an ambassador to the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations finals in Gabon.
# Liquid vapor display

Liquid Vapor Display (LVD) is a type of display system and is especially considered in economical display technologies. These employ a reflective passive display principle and depend on the presence of ambient lights for their operation. The figure shows the structure of a typical LVD cell. The principles of the LVD were first described in 1973.
It consists of a transparent volatile liquid encased between two glass plates and side spacers. The rear glass plate has a black background and the front glass surface in contact with the liquid is roughened, so that the liquid wets it; essentially, in its simplest form, an LVD consists of a roughened glass surface wet with a transparent volatile liquid of the same refractive index as that of the glass. The rear surface is blackened. The transparent electrode is heated by using a voltage drive, which is the basis of display function.
In the OFF condition of display with no voltage applied across the transparent electrode, the viewer sees the black background through the front transparent glass electrode and the liquid. To achieve the ON condition of the display, a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode. This causes sufficient heat in electrode, which evaporates the liquid in contact with it, and a combination of vapor film and vapor bubbles is formed around the roughened glass surface. As the refractive index of vapor is approximately 1, there is a discontinuity established at the interface between the front glass plate and the liquid, this causes the incoming light to scatter before reaching the black background, thus making it a simple display device.
The organic liquid selected for LVD should have the following features:
1. Refractive index close to that of the glass plate.
2. Minimum energy for vaporizing the liquid in contact with the roughened surface.
The electrical heating of a thin film of liquid adjacent to the roughened surface using transparent electrodes and the applied voltage, makes it an unusually good display with a better contrast ratio than an LCD. The speed of operation of LVD is low.
# Georg Gürich

Georg Julius Ernst Gürich (25 September 1859, in Dobrodzień, Kingdom of Prussia – 16 August 1938 in Berlin) was a German geologist, paleontologist and university teacher, who wrote on Paleozoic geological formations in Poland and ranged through Guinea, Tanzania and Southern Africa (at the time German colonies), in search of unrecorded new species.
Georg Gürich studied geology in Breslau/Wrocław (1884–1891, Ph.D. 1882). In 1885, he first went to Africa, participating in a German scientific expedition to Nigeria and travelled in the western Sudan (1885), and in South-West Africa, now Namibia (May 1888 to January 1889), mostly in the western mountains from Otjitambi to Rehoboth, to do geological research on behalf of the "Southwest African Gold Syndicate" (Südwestafrikanisches Goldsyndikat), with the aim of exploring alleged deposits of gold. The gold did not materialise, but his published geographical account Deutsch-Südwestafrika. Reisebilder aus den Jahren 1888 und 1889 contains substantial additional information on the current political and social conditions in Namibia. In the following years, he travelled widely in Europe, Australia, Venezuela and Alaska and returned to Africa. In 1898 he was elected to the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 1910 he became Director of the Geological Institute at the Hamburg Colonial Institute (later part of the University of Hamburg). He followed up his paleontological research on Namibia, with another field trip in 1928, resulting in many scientific publications.
He retired in 1934, and died in Berlin on 16 August 1938. His collections are partly preserved in the Geological Museum of the University of Wrocław.
The Devonian to Carboniferous bivalve genus Guerichia Rzehak, 1910, the Devonian tentaculitid genus Guerichina Bouček & Prantl, 1961, the Devonian agnathan genus Guerichosteus Tarlo, 1964, the Devonian rugosan genus Guerichiphyllum Różkowska, 1969, and several animal, foraminifer, and plant species were named in his honour.
# George W. Gill

George W. Gill is an American anthropologist, and a Professor Emeritus at the University of Wyoming who specializes in skeletal biology.

## Career

In the late 1980s, partly in response to demands from American forensic anthropology organizations to scrutinize methods of racial identification in order to ensure accuracy in legal cases, Gill tested, supported, and developed craniofacial anthropometric and other means of estimating the racial origins of skeletal remains. He found that the employment of multiple criteria can yield very high rates of accuracy, and even that individual methods can be accurate more than 80 percent of the time.
Gill cites these findings in arguing against the scientific consensus to treat human races as social constructs. Gill suggests that "race denial" can stem from overstatements of the importance of clinal variation among human phenotypes, and from "politically motivated censorship" in the mistaken but "politically correct" belief that "race promotes racism". Gill argues that "we can often function within systems that we do not believe in": Categories can have practical utility, even if they also seem conceptually problematic.
Gill served on a NOVA-sponsored panel in which he and five others debated the reality of race. Among Gill's opponents was American anthropologist C. Loring Brace—a fellow plaintiff in the Kennewick Man case—who maintains that the term "race" is not warranted by "a biological entity".

### Easter Island

Gill has researched human osteology on the Polynesian island and Chilean territory of Easter Island, and in 1981 led the National Geographic Society's Easter Island Anthropological Expedition. Materials that he has gathered form part of the osteological collection of Chile's national museum. He is collaborating with former students on a book about the island, which will aim to "explain the origins of the people and the decline of their ancient advanced culture".

### Kennewick Man

Gill has studied Kennewick Man, the skeletal remains of a prehistoric man found near Kennewick in the U.S. state of Washington. Gill was among the scientists who successfully sued the United States in order to gain access to the remains, which had been claimed by the Umatilla and other American Indian tribes under a contested interpretation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
# Derby Baptist Chapel

Derby Baptist Chapel on St Mary's Gate was opened in 1841.

## History

The congregation formed at a baptism on 21 August 1791, worshipping at a sanctuary in Brook Street from 1802.
To accommodate a growing congregation which had reached 500, the St Mary's Gate chapel was converted from the former mansion dating from ca. 1750 of the Osbornes. It was purchased from William Evans MP for £4,000 in 1841 (equivalent to £459,433 in 2023).
The last services were held in September 1937. The wrought-iron gates were transferred to Derby Cathedral.

## Organ

A new organ by Nicholson was provided in 1897. A specification of the organ as recorded before 1939 can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. It was moved to Baptist Church, Broadway, Derby by J.H. Adkins in 1939.
# Bahar I Azam Jahi

Bahar I Azam Jahi is a Persian pilgrimage chronicle, it is a compilation of various pieces of information by Ghulam Abdul Qadir Nazir. Azam Jah of the Carnatic appointed the author to record the events during his pilgrimage journey to the Nagore Dargah from Madras and return via Trichinopoly and Arcot. The pilgrimage was undertaken in 1823, and the author's job was to document everything they came across during their journeys, such as the name of the villages, tombs of saints, mosques, buildings, shops, streams, rivers, tanks, springs, gardens, and even the distance covered every day .

## Translation

The book was translated in English in 1950 by S.Muhammad Husayn Nainar. He was a M.A., L.L.B., and Ph.D. and professor and Head of the Department of Urdu, Arabic and Persia at the University of Madras. The book was printed by N. Ramaratnam at the Madras Law Journal Press at Madras.

## About Nawab

Ghulam Abdul Qadir Nazir accompanied Nawab Azam Jah who was the eldest son of Azim-ud-Daula. He became the second titular Nawab of the Carnatic in the year 1820, after the death of his father, Nawab Azim-ud-Daula.

## Sources

* S. Muhammad Husain Nainar (editor). Sources of the History of the Nawwabs of the Carnatic V. Bahar-i-A'zam-Jahi by Ghulam 'Abdu'l Kadir Nazir. Madras University Islamic Series No. 11. University of Madras, 1950.
# Diarmuid O'Flynn

Diarmuid O'Flynn is a pensioner and was the founder of the Ballyhea Says No campaign, and in 2014 began working as one of MEP Luke Ming Flanagan's parliamentary assistants. He was the Irish Examiner's chief hurling correspondent until his relocation to Brussels in 2014. As founder of the Ballyhea Says No protest movement, which from 2011 to 2020 held regular protest marches against repayments to holders of Irish government debt, O'Flynn has repeatedly called for debts to be written off for Ireland. Among those to have shared this position are the literary editor Fintan O'Toole and economists Constantin Gurdgiev and Stephen Kinsella.
In June 2011, he and others from the Ballyhea Says No campaign embarked on a three-day walk/run/cycle relay from Ballyhea to Dublin to collect signatures for a petition to the government to seek debt write-off for Ireland, thereafter holding a short march in Dublin that culminated in hand-delivery of said petition to the Fine Gael-Labour coalition government. In August that year, he went on a seven-day "bread and water" diet in the attempt to publicise the campaign, losing "about a stone in weight".
In 2014, O'Flynn ran as an Independent candidate in the South constituency at the 2014 European Parliament election, receiving the support of Irish business website Finfacts. Having received 4.6% of the vote, which placed him 6th of all first preference votes, O'Flynn was finally eliminated on the 10th count. In November 2014, he was appointed parliamentary assistant to Midlands–North-West MEP Luke 'Ming' Flanagan.
# Behavioral neurology

Behavioral neurology is a subspecialty of neurology that studies the impact of neurological damage and disease upon behavior, memory, and cognition, and the treatment thereof. Two fields associated with behavioral neurology are neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology. In the United States, 'Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry' has been recognized as a single subspecialty by the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS) since 2004.
Syndromes and diseases commonly studied by behavioral neurology include:
* Agraphia
* Agnosias
* Agraphesthesia
* Alexia (acquired dyslexia)
* Amnesias
* Anosognosia
* Aphasias
* Apraxias
* Aprosodias
* Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
* Autism
* Dementia
* Dyslexia
* Epilepsy
* Hemispatial Neglect
* Psychosis
* Stroke
* Traumatic brain injury

## History

While descriptions of behavioral syndromes go back to the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, it was during the 19th century that behavioral neurology began to arise, first with the primitive localization theories of Franz Gall, followed in the mid 19th century by the first localizations in aphasias by Paul Broca and then Carl Wernicke. Localizationist neurology and clinical descriptions reached a peak in the late 19th and early 20th century, with work extending into the clinical descriptions of dementias by Alois Alzheimer and Arnold Pick. The work of Karl Lashley in rats for a time in the early to mid 20th century put a damper on localization theory and lesion models of behavioral function.
In the United States, the work of Norman Geschwind led to a renaissance of behavioral neurology. He is famous for his work on disconnection syndromes, aphasia, and behavioral syndromes of limbic epilepsy, also called Geschwind syndrome. Having trained generations of behavioral neurologists (e.g., Antonio Damasio), Geschwind is considered the father of behavioral neurology.
The advent of in vivo neuroimaging starting in the 1980s led to a further strengthening of interest in the cognitive neurosciences and provided a tool that allowed for lesion, structural, and functional correlations with behavioral dysfunction in living people.
# Great Rock Mine

50°37′23″N 3°39′44″W﻿ / ﻿50.62306°N 3.66222°W﻿ / 50.62306; -3.66222
Great Rock Mine is a disused micaceous haematite mine about 3 km north of the town of Bovey Tracey in Devon, England. It was worked from the nineteenth century until 1969, and was the last active mine in the Dartmoor National Park area.
At its most active during the 1940s, the mine produced 2,500 tons of micaceous haematite per year. The mineral was an important ingredient in the rust-resistant paint used on Royal Navy ships and on bridges, including the Royal Albert Bridge and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
# François André

François André (19 July 1967 – 11 February 2020) was a French politician representing the Socialist Party. He was re-elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Ille-et-Vilaine.
He was first elected as a councilor for Rennes as part of the PS in 2001. In 2008, André was elected as the head of the Canton of Rennes-Nord-Ouest. He decided not to vote for the PS candidate in the 2017 French presidential election, Benoît Hamon, in the first round, and instead voted for Emmanuel Macron, the candidate for En Marche! He died from lung cancer on 11 February 2020, aged 52.
# Liquid vector space

The concept of a liquid vector space is part of condensed mathematics. Liquid vector spaces are an alternative to topological vector spaces.