OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alexander Home of North Berwick

Alexander Home of North Berwick (floruit 1570–1597) was a Scottish landowner and Provost of Edinburgh.

## Career

His surname is sometimes spelled "Hume". He was a son of Patrick Home of Polwarth (d. 1578) and Elizabeth Hepburn (d. 1571) daughter of Patrick Hepburn of Waughton, and a younger brother of the courtier and poet Patrick Hume of Polwarth (d. 1599).
He obtained the lands of North Berwick priory from his younger sister Margaret Home, the last Prioress, in 1562.
The English diplomat Thomas Randolph mentioned him as a mutual friend of the envoy Nicolas Elphinstone in 1571.
He joined the court of James VI in October 1580 as a gentleman of the bedchamber, and was sent as an envoy to Queen Elizabeth. At first she refused to meet him in person in response to the treatment of her ambassador Robert Bowes in Edinburgh, and her disapproval of the king's favourite Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox. Home was then allowed to discuss this matter, border administration, redress for losses to English pirates, and the rendition of a border reiver called Ekkie Turnbull. Lennox was said to be displeased with Elizabeth's answers and Home's efforts.
In July 1592 he was made captain of Tantallon Castle.

## Provost of Edinburgh

He was Provost of Edinburgh from 1593 to 1597, the leader of the town's council.
In August 1592 the "goodman of North Berwick" and other members of the Home family were said to be in Anne of Denmark's disfavour.
On Tuesday, 24 July 1593 the rebel Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell smuggled himself into Holyroodhouse and forced himself into the King's presence, in his bedchamber. Home came to the palace to help, but the king said things were fine. On 3 April 1594 he fought in a battle at Leith against the rebel Earl using the town's artillery.
On 30 June 1594 Home was at North Berwick and received news that the Earl of Bothwell and his companions were in Edinburgh and their horses were nearby at Dean Mills. Home returned and captured the horses and shut the town's gates, but failed to arrest the earl.
In January 1595 he captured James Scott of Balwearie an agent of the rebel earls. Around this time, Home and the English diplomat Robert Bowes took witness statements from the crew of the Bruce, a ship owned by George Bruce of Carnock which had been commandeered by English privateers off the coast of Spain and forced to take on board a number of enslaved Africans.
He died on 22 July 1597. His will mentions his farm and livestock at the Mains of North Berwick. He wished to buried beside his wife who had pre-deceased him. A daughter, who name is unknown, had a family with William Baillie of Lamington, their children included the soldier William Baillie.
A letter from the king in October 1598 about a shipping case involving George Bruce of Carnock mentions he was deceased.
His brother was Alexander Home, minister of Logie in Stirlingshire.

## Properties

His lands at North Berwick included the rabbit warrens and links, fishing, Nungate at the Clarty Burn, the Law Meadow, Kinkeith mill, land at Benestoun, and a granary at the Overmill of Linton on Tyne.
# Assignment operator (C++)

In the C++ programming language, the assignment operator, =, is the operator used for assignment. Like most other operators in C++, it can be overloaded.
The copy assignment operator, often just called the "assignment operator", is a special case of assignment operator where the source (right-hand side) and destination (left-hand side) are of the same class type. It is one of the special member functions, which means that a default version of it is generated automatically by the compiler if the programmer does not declare one. The default version performs a memberwise copy, where each member is copied by its own copy assignment operator (which may also be programmer-declared or compiler-generated).
The copy assignment operator differs from the copy constructor in that it must clean up the data members of the assignment's target (and correctly handle self-assignment) whereas the copy constructor assigns values to uninitialized data members. For example:

## Return value of overloaded assignment operator

The language permits an overloaded assignment operator to have an arbitrary return type (including void). However, the operator is usually defined to return a reference to the assignee. This is consistent with the behavior of assignment operator for built-in types (returning the assigned value) and allows for using the operator invocation as an expression, for instance in control statements or in chained assignment. Also, the C++ Standard Library requires this behavior for some user-supplied types.

## Overloading copy assignment operator

When deep copies of objects have to be made, exception safety should be taken into consideration. One way to achieve this when resource deallocation never fails is:
* Acquire new resources
* Release old resources
* Assign the new resources' handles to the object
However, if a no-fail (no-throw) swap function is available for all the member subobjects and the class provides a copy constructor and destructor (which it should do according to the rule of three), the most straightforward way to implement copy assignment is as follows:

## Assignment between different classes

C++ supports assignment between different classes, both via implicit copy constructor and assignment operator, if the destination instance class is the ancestor of the source instance class:
Copying from ancestor to descendant objects, which could leave descendant's fields uninitialized, is not permitted.
# Greater long-tailed bat

The greater long-tailed bat (Choeroniscus periosus) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
# Barrhill

Barrhill may refer to:
   * Barrhill railway station, a railway station in South Ayrshire on the Glasgow South Western Line
# Arceau

Arceau (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
# Gerard Evan

Gerard Ian Evan FRS, FMedSci (born 17 August 1955) is a British biologist and, since May 2022, Professor of Cancer Biology at King's College London and a principal group leader in the Francis Crick Institute. Prior to this he was Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry and Head of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge (2009-2022).

## Education

Evan was educated at St Peter's College, Oxford, where he studied Biochemistry, and King's College, Cambridge, where he was awarded his PhD in 1982 for research using Monoclonal antibodies.

## Research

Evan does research to the determine the molecular basis of cancer.

## Career

Prior to Cambridge, Evan was Royal Society Napier Professor at University College London and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (1988-99), then Gerson & Barbara Bass Bakar Distinguished Professor of Cancer Biology, at University of California, San Francisco (1999-2011).
# Maria José de Castro Rebello Mendes

Maria José de Castro Rebello Mendes (Salvador, September 20, 1891 – Rio de Janeiro, October 29, 1936) was the first Brazilian woman to be accepted to work for the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a controversial event back when women were expected to be subordinated to their husband.

## Early life

Maria José de Castro was born to a wealthy family in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Her father died when she was young and her mother, to support the family and her education, opened a school called Colégio Alemão. Rebello Mendes excelled in her studies, becoming fluent in German, French, Italian and English. However, with the death of her mother, she moved to Rio de Janeiro state.

## Career

In Rio de Janeiro, Rebello Mendes briefly worked as a private tutor for children, but her income was not enough to her. A relative told her about the Ministry of Foreign Affairs public examination for oficial de secretaria. She enrolled in Escola do Comércio to learn typing, international law, and other disciplines. She then applied to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in April 1918. At first, Rebello Mendes was dissuaded to give up but she did not turn down her opportunity to work there. Nilo Peçanha defended her aṕplication, arguing that many of the abilities required for the job, like discretion, was not exclusive to men. Rebello Mendes and eight men took the exams during two weeks and she placed first. Local newspapers vocalized their fears that a woman working for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs undermined men from government offices.
# Leptocarpha

Leptocarpha is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to central Chile.

## Species

There is only one known species, Leptocarpha rivularis, native to the La Araucania Region of Chile.
# Uotila

Uotila is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Leena Uotila (born 1947), Finnish actress
* Kari Uotila (born 1955), Finnish politician
* Sami Uotila (actor) (born 1971), Finnish actor
* Sami Uotila (skier) (born 1976), Finnish alpine skier
* Maikki Uotila (born 1977), Finnish ice dancer
* Juha Uotila (born 1985), Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman
# Magyar Hírmondó

Magyar Hírmondó is the first newspaper to be published in the Hungarian language in Pressburg, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia). The first issue appeared on 1 January 1780. Its founders were Mátyás Rát, a Lutheran pastor and Ferenc Ágoston Patzkó, a publisher from Pressburg. The latter was also the publisher. The paper was published in octavo format (a single column on half a printed sheet) twice a week, on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Mátyás Rát was the editor of the paper from its foundation in 1780 to 1782. Magyar Hírmondó folded in 1788.
# Garrett Wall

Garett Wall (1750–1820) was an Irish Anglican priest.
Wall was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was the incumbent at Ballyroan from 1813 to 1818, and of Ardbraccan from then until 1823. In He held incumbencies at Templebredon and Pallasgreen. In 1772 he became Treasurer of Cashel; and in 1788 Archdeacon of Emly, a post he held until his death in November 1820.
# Mechanism Digital

Mechanism Digital is a motion graphics production company in New York City. Mechanism specializes in Visual Effects and 3-D Animation.
Established by Lucien Harriot in 1996, Mechanism Digital is a digital production studio and a provider of visual effects for feature film, commercials and episodic television in New York City. The studio’s team of directors, artists and producers specializes in 3D animation, compositing, conceptual design, animated characters, digital environments and on-set VFX supervision. Mechanism Digital’s credits include ‘Rome: Engineering an Empire’, which won an Emmy in 2007, and an animated promo for the movie Juno airing on Cinemax, which won an ADDY award in 2009.
# Llue

Llue is one of 13 parishes (administrative divisions) in the Colunga municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.
The population is 177 (INE 2007).

## Villages

* Castiellu
* Llue
# Essential

Essential or essentials may refer to:

## Biology

* Essential amino acid, one that the organism cannot produce by itself

## Groups and organizations

* EQ Media Group, formerly Essential Media Group, a global television production company
* Essential Media Communications, an Australian PR and polling company
* Essential Products, a smart device company led by Andy Rubin
* Essential Records (London), a subsidiary of London Records
* Essential Records (Christian), a Christian subsidiary of Sony BMG Music Entertainment
* The Essentials (band), a Canadian a cappella group formed in 1993
* Essentials (PlayStation), a budget package of PlayStation games

## Albums

* Essential (Divinyls album), a compilation album, 1991
* Essential (Pet Shop Boys album), 1998
* Essential (Ramones album), 2007
* Essential (CeCe Peniston album), 2000
* Essential (Jethro Tull album)
* Essential (Kate Ryan album), 2008
* Essential (Praga Khan album), 2005
* Essentials (Nate Dogg album), a compilation album, 2002
* Essentials (Failure album), 2006
* Essentials, a studio album by Argentine jazz singer Karen Souza, 2011
* Essential, a compilation album by Amanda Lear, 2001
* Essential, a compilation album by The Human League, 2011
* Essentials, an album by Travis Tritt
* Essentials, an album by Triumvirat
* Essential series, a collection of compilation albums published by Sony's Legacy Recordings label

## Other uses

* Essentialism, the philosophical view that an entity must have certain characteristics in order to belong to a certain defined group
* Essentials (magazine), a monthly British women's lifestyle magazine
* Essentials, a clothing label founded by Jerry Lorenzo
# Lesser sciatic foramen

The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine.

## Structure

The lesser sciatic foramen has the following boundaries:
* Anterior: the tuberosity of the ischium
* Superior: the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament
* Posterior: the sacrotuberous ligament
Alternatively, the foramen can be defined by the boundaries of the lesser sciatic notch and the two ligaments.

## Function

The following pass through the foramen:
* the tendon of the obturator internus
* internal pudendal vessels
* pudendal nerve
* nerve to the obturator internus
# Labuhan Lombok

Labuhan Lombok is a port town in eastern Lombok, Indonesia, 74 kilometres east of the city of Mataram.
True to the name, which means "Port of Lombok", it is best known as the port for ferries to the neighboring island of Sumbawa. The town is also called Tanjung Kayangan. The port is located to the south of the town and connects with Poto Tano in Sumbawa.
# Mahala (Rogatica)

Mahala (Serbian Cyrillic: Махала) is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Rogatica.
# Deferribacter desulfuricans

Deferribacter desulfuricans is a species of sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is an anaerobic, heterotrophic thermophile with type strain SSM1$^T$ (=JCM 11476$^T$ =DSM 14783$^T$).

## Genome structure

Deferribacter desulfuricans genome contains 2,23 Mbp with 2,184 protein coding genes.
# 1896–97 FC Basel season

The FC Basel 1896–97 season was their fourth season since the club's foundation on 15 November 1893. Emanuel Schiess was the club's chairman, but he stood down at the club's AGM and Charlie Volderauer was elected as new chairman. He was the club's third chairman in their history, following Roland Geldner (1893–1896) and Schiess. FC Basel played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein neighborhood of Kleinbasel (lesser Basel). The Swiss national championships had not yet been called to into life.

## Overview

The idea of a Swiss national championship came to review with the Swiss Football Association, that had been founded the previous year and of which Basel and local rivals Old Boys were a member. But such a championship had not yet been called to into life.
The club chairman Charlie Volderauer was the team captain this season. For this season club organised seven friendly matches for their first team. Four of these matches were held in Basel, one in the Landhof, two on the Schützenmatte and from the fourth the place of playing field is uncertain. Basel played two games in Mulhouse. The first against Strassburger FV was lost 3–4 and the second against FC Mulhouse was lost 2–3. Five games were played in November/December and the other two in March and June. Of the seven games, two were won, two were drawn and the team suffered three defeats. The team scored 16 and conceded nine goals.

## Players

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| — | GK | SUI | Adolf Rittmann |
| — | DF | SUI | Josy Ebinger |
| — | DF | SUI | Charles Volderauer |
| — | FW | SUI | Roland Geldner |
| — | FW | SUI | Emanuel Schiess |
| — | FW | SUI | Hermann Schneider |
| — | FW | ENG | Rudolf Bax |
| — | | | Alfred Devick |
| — | | SUI | Joan Gamper |
| — | | SUI | Fritz Gürtler |
| No. | Nation | Player |
| — | SUI | Louis Gürtler |
| — | SUI | Rudolf Iselin |
| — | SUI | Hans Koch |
| — | SUI | Albert Linder |
| — | SUI | Eric Mory |
| — | SUI | Paul Preiswerk |
| — | SUI | Gustav Schwarz |
| — | SUI | Rudolf Schwarz |
| — | SUI | R. Sommer |
| — | SUI | John Tollmann |
| — | SUI | R. C. Vanorden |

## Results
### Legend

Win  Draw  Loss
# Gundars Bērziņš

Gundars Bērziņš (26 September 1959 – 8 January 2023) was a Latvian accountant and politician and a Deputy of the Saeima since 1993. He was a member of the People's Party. He served as the Minister of Finance of Latvia from 2000 to 2002 and Minister of Healthcare from 2004 to 2007.
Born in 1959 in Antūži (now Variešu parish), Krustpils district, in the family of a farmer. In 1983 graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering of Riga Polytechnic Institute.
He was the owner of the farm "Delles" in Jēkabpils district, and in 2009 was reported to be managing 665 hectares of land (15 properties in total, mostly agricultural land), making him one of the 100 largest landowners in Latvia at that time.
Bērziņš died on 8 January 2023, at the age of 63.
# Application retirement

Application retirement, also called application decommissioning and application sunsetting, is the practice of shutting down redundant or obsolete business applications while retaining access to the historical data. Legacy applications are often maintained solely to provide infrequent or sporadic access to data within the application database for regulatory or business purposes. With some organizations spending upwards of 75% of their application software budgets on ongoing maintenance, application retirement can deliver significant cost savings.
The act of application retirement usually involves migrating data from the legacy application database to another data repository or archive store that can be accessed independently using industry standard reporting or business intelligence tools. Application retirement allows IT departments within companies to reduce the software, hardware and resources required to manage legacy data.
# German submarine U-2323

German submarine U-2323 was a Type XXIII submarine of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was constructed at Hamburg during the spring of 1944, completed on the 18 July and given to Leutnant zur See Walter Angermann to command. A fast high-technology coastal boat, U-2323 was expected to be the new war-winning weapon in the Kriegsmarine's arsenal.

## Design

Like all Type XXIII U-boats, U-2323 had a displacement of 234 tonnes (230 long tons) when at the surface and 258 tonnes (254 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 34.68 m (113 ft 9 in) (o/a), a beam width of 3.02 m (9 ft 11 in) (o/a), and a draught depth of3.66 m (12 ft). The submarine was powered by one MWM six-cylinder RS134S diesel engine providing 575–630 metric horsepower (423–463 kilowatts; 567–621 shaft horsepower), one AEG GU4463-8 double-acting electric motor electric motor providing 580 PS (430 kW; 570 shp), and one BBC silent running CCR188 electric motor providing 35 PS (26 kW; 35 shp).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.7 knots (18.0 km/h; 11.2 mph) and a submerged speed of 12.5 knots (23.2 km/h; 14.4 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) for 194 nautical miles (359 km; 223 mi); when surfaced, she could travel 2,600 nautical miles (4,800 km; 3,000 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-2323 was fitted with two 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes in the bow. She could carry two preloaded torpedoes. The complement was 14–18 men. This class of U-boat did not carry a deck gun.

## Service history

The seas around the German coastline were subject to very heavy allied attack during the final two years of the war, as the Royal Air Force sought to restrict German movement around their coasts by sowing thousands of air-dropped naval mines, thus delaying the production and training of new boats, disrupting coastal shipping and destroying several boats before they could become involved in the Battle of the Atlantic.
The U-2323 was a victim of this campaign, when on the 26 July 1944, just eight days old, she was sunk off Möltenort at the entrance to Kiel harbour on her maiden voyage. Two of her crew were killed in the blast, although the survivors managed to safely reach the shore. They were then transferred to other units. The holed boat was raised in early 1945, but was still undergoing repairs in Kiel at the time of the German surrender. It was broken up in situ post-war.
# Mario Escobar (referee)

Mario Alberto Escobar Toca (born on 19 September 1986) is a Guatemalan football referee who is a listed international referee for FIFA since 2013. He is also one of the referees for the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala.
On 15 May 2019, Escobar was officially selected as a referee for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup in Costa Rica, Jamaica, and the United States. He was summoned to officiate the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup Final between Mexico and the United States, and additionally refereed the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League Final between UANL and Los Angeles FC.
Escobar was also one of the appointed referees of the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Brazil.
# Loch Ruel

Loch Ruel or Loch Riddon; extends north from the Kyles of Bute and is a sea loch in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.
# Labugama pearsoni

Labugama pearsoni is a species of spine-headed katydid found in Sri Lanka. It is the only species in the genus Labugama.
# Sturm & Drang Tour 2002

Sturm & Drang Tour 2002 is a KMFDM album recorded live during the Sturm and Drang Tour in 2002. It was compiled from the Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago shows. It includes some of the tracks from the Attak album, along with some songs from other albums. The tour featured 16 Volt, Kidneythieves, and PIG as supporting acts. KMFDM's lineup consisted of 3 members of Pig's band (2 guitarists and the drummer), along with Bill Rieflin playing bass guitar.

## Personnel

* Sascha Konietzko – vocals, percussion, samplers, synthesizers
* Raymond Watts – vocals, guitars
* Lucia Cifarelli – vocals, ninja-sidstation
* Bill Rieflin – bass
* Jules Hodgson – guitars
* Andy Selway – drums
* Steve White – guitars