OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Kannanur

The Battle of Kannanur took place in 1342–43, in what is now Kannanur, Tamil Nadu, India. This clash involved the Hoysala dynasty and the Madurai Sultanate. King Ballala III of the Hoysalas led an expedition to conquer the Coromandal coast but faced opposition from the Madurai Sultan, Ghiyas-ud-din Muhammad Damghani. Initially, the Hoysala forces triumphed in the first encounter. However, they were defeated by the Sultan's forces during the subsequent siege of the Kannanur fort, where they were defeated by the determined Madurai forces. The retreat of the Hoysalas led to the capture and execution of Ballala III and the seizure of the Hoysala treasury by the Madurai Sultan. This significant event marked a turning point, resulting in the decline of Hoysala power in the region, leaving a lasting impact on the area's history.

## Background

Veera Ballala III, the King of the Hoysala dynasty, found himself embroiled in conflicts with the Delhi Sultanate, resulting in the loss of his territories. In 1340, Ghiyasuddin Damghani assumed the throne of the Madurai Sultanate. The Madurai Sultanate had initially been a part of the Delhi Sultanate but gained independence during the rule of Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan in 1335.
Kannanur held significant historical importance as a city within the Hoysala dynasty, having even served as its capital at certain times. However, the Hoysalas eventually lost control of Kannanur to the Delhi Sultanate, and subsequently, it became a part of the Madurai Sultanate's territory.

## Initial conflict

In 1342, Ballala III embarked on a campaign to capture the Coromandel coast from the Madurai Sultanate. The Hoysala forces, comprising 100,000 soldiers, encountered opposition from Ghiyasuddin's Madurai forces near Kannanur. After an initial defeat, the Madurai forces, numbering 6,000 men, were compelled to retreat towards Madurai.

## Final conflict

The Hoysala forces initiated a march towards the Kannanur fort with the intent to besiege and capture it. Ballala led a six-month-long siege and extended an offer to the Sultan to surrender. However, Ghiyasuddin, with a cavalry of 6,000 strong, personally advanced toward the Hoysala frontier and succeeded in capturing Ballala. Following the loss of their king, the Hoysala forces were compelled to retreat. Ballala was executed after his treasury was captured.
# Hornibrook

Hornibrook and Hornabook are English language surnames. Notable people with these surnames include:

## Hornabrook

* Beta Hornabrook JP née Mary Elizabeth Cocking (c.1881– ), sat for Birmingham Deritend (UK Parliament constituency) in 1929
* Charles Atkins Hornabrook (c. 1833–1903) hotelier in colonial South Australia
* Charles Soward Hornabrook (1859–1922), Anglican priest in South Australia
* Rupert Walter Hornabrook (1871–1951), Australian medical doctor and specialist anaesthetist

## Hornibrook

* Alex Hornibrook (born 1997), American football quarterback
* Isabel Hornibrook (1859-1952), Irish-born American children's literature writer
* Manuel Hornibrook (1893–1970), Australian civil engineer
* Percy Hornibrook (1899–1976), Australian cricketer
* Selina Hornibrook (born 1978), Australian netball player
* William H. Hornibrook (1884–1946), US diplomat
# 1978 Academy Awards

1978 Academy Awards may refer to:
* 50th Academy Awards, the Academy Awards ceremony that took place in 1978
* 51st Academy Awards, the 1979 ceremony honoring the best in film for 1978
# Blood Ballad

Blood Ballad is an album by jazz pianist Pandelis Karayorgis, which was recorded in 2000 and released on the English Leo label. It was the second album featuring his trio with bassist Nate McBride and drummer Randy Peterson. The title piece was inspired by Billy Strayhorn; "Centennial" is a tribute to Duke Ellington on hundredth anniversary of his birth.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz | |
In his review for AllMusic, François Couture states "Tighter and more diverse than Heart and Sack, it is also paradoxically a little less exciting. Karayorgis' sense of melody and harmony truly are his own; his playing is as immediately identifiable as Mat Maneri, another Bostonian and regular acolyte."
The Penguin Guide to Jazz notes that "The opening sequence of 'In The Cracks Of Four' and 'Blood Ballad' probably represents Pandelis's best moments on record and a very good place to start exploring his music."

## Track listing

    All compositions by Pandelis Karayorgis except as indicated
* "In the Cracks of Four" – 6:05
* "Blood Ballad" – 6:29
* "Coming Out of Nothing" – 7:00
* "Ask" – 8:20
* "Stomp on One" – 4:36
* "Tomorrow Was" – 6:55
* "Centennial" – 5:44
* "Don't Ask" – 3:48
* "One Up, One Down" (John Coltrane) – 6:06

## Personnel

* Pandelis Karayorgis - piano
* Nate McBride - bass
* Randy Peterson - drums
# Microseris nutans

Microseris nutans is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name nodding microseris. It is native to western North America, including southwestern Canada and much of the western United States, including the Sierra Nevada in California, where it grows in many types of habitat.

## Description

The plant is variable in appearance. In general, it is a perennial herb growing up to 70 centimeters tall with a branching stem. The plentiful leaves are up to 30 centimeters in length and generally toothed or lobed along the edges.
The somewhat hairy inflorescence is borne on an erect or upright peduncle. The often nodding flower head contains up to 50 yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene with a brownish or reddish body a few millimeters long. At the tip of the body is a large pappus made up of 15 to 30 silvery, hairy scales.
# Chandrasekhar polarization

Chandrasekhar Polarization is a partial polarization of emergent radiation at the limb of rapidly rotating early-type stars or binary star system with purely electron-scattering atmosphere, named after the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who first predicted its existence theoretically in 1946.
Chandrasekhar published a series of 26 papers in The Astrophysical Journal titled On the Radiative Equilibrium of a Stellar Atmosphere from 1944 to 1948. In the 10th paper, he predicted that the purely electron stellar atmosphere emits a polarized light using Thomson law of scattering. The theory predicted that 11 percent polarization could be observed at maximum. But when this is applied to a spherical star, the net polarization effect was found to be zero, because of the spherical symmetry. But it took another 20 years to explain under what conditions this polarization can be observed. J. Patrick Harrington and George W. Collins, II showed that this symmetry is broken if we consider a rapidly rotating star (or a binary star system), in which the star is not exactly spherical, but slightly oblate due to extreme rotation (or tidal distortion in the case of binary system). The symmetry is also broken in eclipsing binary star system.

## Discovery

Attempts made to predict this polarization effect were initially unsuccessful, but rather led to the prediction of interstellar polarization. In 1983, scientists found the first evidence of this polarization effect on the star Algol, an eclipsing binary-star system.
The polarization on rapidly rotating star was not found until 2017 since it required a high-precision polarimeter. In September 2017, a team of scientists from Australia observed this polarization on the star Regulus, which rotates at 96.5 percent of its critical angular velocity for breakup.
# Bichir family

The Bichir family is a Mexican family of actors of Lebanese origin.
They include:
* Alejandro Bichir, husband of Maricruz
* Maricruz Nájera, wife of Alejandro
** Bruno Bichir, son of Maricruz and Alejandro
** Demián Bichir, son of Maricruz and Alejandro
** Odiseo Bichir, son of Maricruz and Alejandro
# National Political Union

National Political Union can refer to
* National Political Union (England), an organisation founded in 1831 to agitate for extension of the franchise
* National Political Union (1946), a Greek coalition of political parties from 1946 to 1950
* National Political Union (1984), a Greek political party founded in 1984 and dissolved in 1996
# Haenkea thoracica

Haenkea thoracica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat in 1855.
# Basler Lake

Basler Lake is a large lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is located 175 kilometres (109 mi) northwest of Yellowknife.
* This Canadian Northwest Territories location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
* This article related to a lake in Canada is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Williamsport Demorest Bicycle Boys

The Williamsport Demorest Bicycle Boys were a minor league baseball team located in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. They played in the Central Pennsylvania League in 1896 and 1897. The team's roster included Ossee Schrecongost and George Stovey.
# Eagle Lake (Tulare County)

Eagle Lake is an alpine lake in the Southern Sierra Nevada near Mineral King in Sequoia National Park. The lake can be reached by a 3.5-mile-long (5.6 km) hike from Mineral King Valley and lies at 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above sea level.
# Başeğmez, Çankırı

Başeğmez is a village in the Çankırı District of Çankırı Province in Turkey. Its population is 47 (2021).
# WKDL

WKDL may refer to:
* WKDL (FM), a radio station (104.9 FM) licensed to Brockport, New York, United States
* WBQH, a radio station (1050 AM) licensed to Silver Spring, Maryland, which held the WKDL call sign from 1993 to 2000
* WRCW, a radio station (1250 AM) licensed to Warrenton, Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WKDL from 2007 to 2014
# Hermagor

Hermagor may refer to:
* Hermagor (district), Carinthia, Austria
* Hermagor-Pressegger See, a municipality in the district
* Hermagor a part of the municipality
* all named after Hermagoras of Aquileia (Saint Hermagoras)
# Baslerstab

The Baslerstab is a Swiss German-language free daily newspaper.

## History and profile

The paper was launched in 1977 as a result of the merger of the Basler Nachrichten and the National-Zeitung. The paper was published by Basler Zeitung Medien. The paper is headquartered in Based and is owned by TX Group.
It is published in three forms – a city edition and online newspaper, both from Monday through Friday; and a regional edition on Wednesdays and Fridays.
As of 2005, the newspaper had a circulation of 194,358 copies per day.
Basler Zeitung Medien also published the Basler Zeitung.
# Lüleburgaz District

Lüleburgaz District is a district of the Kırklareli Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Lüleburgaz. Its area is 1,016 km$^2$, and its population is 153,903 (2022).

## Composition

There are four municipalities in Lüleburgaz District:
* Ahmetbey
* Büyükkarıştıran
* Evrensekiz
* Lüleburgaz
There are 31 villages in Lüleburgaz District:
* Akçaköy
* Alacaoğlu
* Ayvalı
* Celaliye
* Çengelli
* Çeşmekolu
* Ceylanköy
* Çiftlikköy
* Davutlu
* Düğüncübaşı
* Emirali
* Ertuğrul
* Eskibedir
* Eskitaşlı
* Hamitabat
* Hamzabey
* Karaağaç
* Karamusul
* Kayabeyli
* Kırıkköy
* Müsellim
* Oklalı
* Ovacık
* Sakızköy
* Sarıcaali
* Seyitler
* Tatarköy
* Turgutbey
* Umurca
* Yenibedir
* Yenitaşlı
# Bo & Gustavo Catilina

Bo & Gustavo Catilina are a Belgian film director couple. Their two debut feature films, that they produced simultaneously, are Direction Lourdes (2017) and Bonnie&Clyde Copycats (2017).
Their first animated short film: The Flight of the Humble Bee was selected for numerous film festivals, including the Wildlife Conservation film festival in New York City.
With Bonnie&Clyde Copycats they've filmed the first 'car chase with gunfire' ever in the historic center of Bruges.
# Michelle L. Patrick

Michelle L. Patrick is an American academic administrator serving as the ninth president of Robert Morris University since 2022.

## Life

Patrick earned a B.S. in marketing and a M.B.A. from Youngstown State University. She completed a Ph.D. in marketing from Kent State University.
Patrick was dean of the college of business and public management at West Chester University. In 2016, she became the dean of the school of business at Robert Morris University (RMU). In April 2022, she became the interim president of RMU, succeeding interim president and provost Mary Ann Rafoth. In July 2022, Patrick was named the ninth president of Robert Morris University. She is the first woman to serve in the role.
# Transitions (Aghora album)

Transitions is a collection of demo songs that eventually became the bulk of the self-titled debut album by progressive metal band Aghora, released in March, 2006.

## Track listing

* "Satya" - 5:25
* "Frames" - 5:06
* "Kali Yuga" - 5:46
* "Existence" - 3:45
* "Transfiguration" - 4:17
* "Mind's Reality" - 4:55
* "Immortal Bliss" - 4:15

## Credits

* Danishta Rivero — vocals
* Santiago Dobles — lead guitar, coral sitar, programming
* Charlie Ekendahl — rhythm guitar
* Andy Deluca — bass guitar
* Sean Reinert — drums, tabla, percussion
* This 2000s metal album–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Dragan Trkulja

Dragan Trkulja (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Тркуља; born 30 September 1964) is a Serbian football manager and former player.

## Playing career

Trkulja played for Novi Sad during the 1984–85 Yugoslav Second League. He later joined Bečej, helping the club win the Yugoslav Second League in the 1991–92 season, contributing with 14 goals in 30 appearances.
In the summer of 1992, Trkulja moved abroad and signed with SSV Ulm 1846 in the German fourth division, helping them earn promotion to the Bundesliga within seven seasons. He was the top scorer in the 1995–96 Regionalliga with 25 goals. Following the club's relegation to the German fifth division due to licensing problems, Trkulja remained with the club and helped them beat Bundesliga side 1. FC Nürnberg during the 2001–02 DFB-Pokal.

## Managerial career

Trkulja served as manager of numerous German amateur clubs, including Eintracht Autenried and RSV Hohenmemmingen.
# Beaverdam Formation

Beaverdam Formation may refer to the following geological formations in the United States:
* Beaverdam Formation (Delmarva) in Delaware and Maryland
* Beaverdam Formation (Idaho)
# Willoughton

Willoughton is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 2 miles (3.2 km) west from the A15 road, 13 miles (21 km) north from Lincoln and 3 miles (5 km) south from Kirton Lindsey. According to the 2001 Census the village had a population of 330, increasing to 341 at the 2011 census.
The name 'Willoughton' derives from the Old English wilig-tūn meaning 'willow tree farm/settlement'.
The church of St Andrew was built in 1794 to replace earlier buildings on the site, and was restored in 1888. It is of Georgian style. There was a Primitive Methodist chapel, built in 1866, replacing an earlier chapel of 1837. It closed in 1979 and has since been converted into apartments.
Willoughton has a post office and village shop, a primary school, village hall and a public house, the Stirrup.
The folklorist, historian and archaeologist Ethel Rudkin lived in the village for much of her life.

## Lincolnshire preceptories

Until their disbandment in 1312, the Knights Templar were major landowners on the higher lands of Lincolnshire, where they had a number of preceptories on property which provided income, while Temple Bruer was an estate on the Lincoln Heath, believed to have been used also for military training. The preceptories from which the Lincolnshire properties were managed were:
* Aslackby Preceptory, Kesteven (TF0830)
* Bottesford, Lindsey (SE8907)
* Eagle, Kesteven (SK875672)
* Great Limber, Lindsey (TA1308)
* Horkstow, Lindsey (SE9818)
* Witham Preceptory, Kesteven (SK928205)
* Temple Bruer, Kesteven (TF0054)
* Willoughton Preceptory, Lindsey (SK923931)
* Byard's Leap (SK990494) was part of the Temple Bruer estate.
# Wriggle

Wriggle may refer to:
* Wriggle River, tributary of the River Yeo (South Somerset)
* Wriggle (EP), an EP by American experimental hip hop group Clipping
* Les Wriggles, French music group that formed in 1995
* Wriggle Nightbug, fictional character from Touhou Project
# Harish Chandra Mukherjee

Harish Chandra Mukherjee (1824 – 16 June 1861) was an Indian journalist. He was the editor of the Hindoo Patriot weekly.

## Biography

Mukherjee was born in 1824 in Bhowanipore near Calcutta. He was the younger of the two sons of his father, Ram Dhun Mukerji, by his third wife, Rukhhini Debi, and was brought up in the house of his maternal uncles. After studying in the Union School where he was admitted as a charity boy, he left school at the age of fourteen in search of employment.

## Works

He started his career by writing bills, letters, petitions, and translating Bengali documents to English. In 1848, he was selected to join in the office of the Military Auditor General. He was promoted from clerk to Assistant Military Auditor. In 1852, when he became a member of the British Indian Association, he read all the Regulation Laws in order to be able to carry on discussions on that subject with other members.
Harish Chandra began his journalism by writing to the Hindu Intelligencer and to the Englishman. In 1853, three brothers, Srinath Ghose, Girish Chunder Ghose and Khetna Chunder Ghose, started a newspaper called the Hindoo Patriot, which was issued under their joint editorship. They were assisted by Harish Chandra who later began editing the newspaper.
Harish Chandra edited the Hindoo Patriot. He supported the issue of widow remarriage and criticised the annexation policy of Lord Dalhousie. He defended the policy of Lord Canning during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. During the Indigo revolt of 1859, he stood by the side of the ryots, and exposed the oppression and high-handedness of the planters. His strong advocacy of the cause led to the appointment of the Indigo Commission to enquire into the grievances of the people. He was an important witness examined before the Commission, and he gave evidence in support of his position. In 1860, the Indigo planters instituted civil and criminal suits against him and immediately after his sudden death at the age of thirty-six, they succeeded in obtaining a decree.
# Bo Thong

Bo Thong may refer to several places in Thailand:
* Bo Thong District in Chonburi Province
* Bo Thong, Bang Rakam
* Bo Thong, Uttaradit
# Michelle L. Wachs

Michelle Lynn Wachs is an American mathematician who specializes in algebraic combinatorics and works as a professor of mathematics at the University of Miami.

## Contributions

Wachs and her advisor Adriano Garsia are the namesakes of the Garsia–Wachs algorithm for optimal binary search trees, which they published in 1977. She is also known for her research on shellings for simplicial complexes, partially ordered sets, and Coxeter groups, and on random permutation statistics and set partition statistics.

## Education

Wachs earned her doctorate in 1977 from the University of California, San Diego, under the supervision of Adriano Garsia. Her dissertation was Discrete Variational Techniques in Finite Mathematics.

## Recognition

In 2012 Wachs became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society. In 2013 she and her husband, mathematician Gregory Galloway (the chair of the mathematics department at Miami) were recognized as Simons Fellows. A conference in her honor was held in January 2015 at the University of Miami.

## Selected publications

| A. | Garsia, Adriano M.; Wachs, Michelle L. (1977), "A new algorithm for minimum cost binary trees", SIAM Journal on Computing, 6 (4): 622–642, doi:10.1137/0206045, MR 0520738 |
| B. | Björner, Anders; Wachs, Michelle (1982), "Bruhat order of Coxeter groups and shellability", Advances in Mathematics, 43 (1): 87–100, doi:10.1016/0001-8708(82)90029-9, MR 0644668 |
| C. | Björner, Anders; Wachs, Michelle (1983), "On lexicographically shellable posets", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 277 (1): 323–341, doi:10.2307/1999359, JSTOR 1999359, MR 0690055 |
| D. | Wachs, Michelle; White, Dennis (1991), "$p,q$-Stirling numbers and set partition statistics", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 56 (1): 27–46, doi:10.1016/0097-3165(91)90020-H, MR 1082841 |
| E. | Björner, Anders; Wachs, Michelle L. (1991), "Permutation statistics and linear extensions of posets", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 58 (1): 85–114, doi:10.1016/0097-3165(91)90075-R, MR 1119703 |
| F. | Björner, Anders; Wachs, Michelle L. (1996), "Shellable nonpure complexes and posets I", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 348 (4): 1299–1327, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-96-01534-6, MR 1333388; Part II, Trans. AMS 349 (10): 3945–3975, 1997, doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-97-01838-2, MR1401765 |
# Waddeys, Virginia

Waddeys is an unincorporated community in Northumberland County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
# Materiality (law)

Materiality is the significance of facts to the matter at hand.

## In the law of evidence

An item of evidence is said to be material if it has some logical connection to a fact of consequence to the outcome of a case. Materiality, along with probative value, is one of two characteristics that make a given item of evidence relevant. This largely depends on the elements of the cause of action the plaintiff seeks to prove, or that the prosecutor must prove in a criminal case to secure a conviction. Which issues must be factually proven are therefore a product of the underlying substantive law.

## In corporate and securities law

Within the context of corporate and securities law in the United States, a fact is defined as material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable shareholder would consider it important in deciding how to vote their shares or invest their money. In this regard, it is similar to the accounting term of the same name.
Materiality is particularly important in the context of securities law, because under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a company can be held civilly or criminally liable for false, misleading, or omitted statements of fact in proxy statements and other documents, if the fact in question is found by the court to have been material pursuant to Rule 10b-5.

## In contract law

In the law of contracts, a material term in a contract is a term or provision that concerns significant issues, such as subject matter, price, quantity, type of work to be done, and terms of payment or performance.

## In patent law

In United States patent law, information is material to patentability and therefore subject to the duty of disclosure if
    (1) It establishes, by itself or in combination with other information, a prima facie case of unpatentability of a claim; or
    (2) It refutes, or is inconsistent with, a position the applicant takes in:
       (i) Opposing an argument of unpatentability relied on by the Office, or
       (ii) Asserting an argument of patentability.