OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ayton railway station

Ayton railway station was a station which served the village of Ayton in the Scottish area of Scottish Borders. It was located on what is now known as the East Coast Main Line. The station was also served by trains on the Berwickshire Railway which diverged from the main line at Reston.

## History

Opened by the North British Railway, it became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station then passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948.
The station was closed by British Railways in 1962.
| Preceding station | Historical railways | Historical railways | Historical railways | Following station |
| Burnmouth | | North British Railway Berwickshire Railway | | Reston |
# Alf Bakken

Alf Bakken (born 27 June 1962) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Vestfold during the term 1989–1993. In total he met during 41 days of parliamentary session.
# TeachRock

TeachRock is an education initiative created by the Rock and Roll Forever Foundation, a nonprofit organization founded by musician, actor and activist Steven Van Zandt. The initiative is based in New York City and aims to provide free standards-aligned, arts-integration curriculum and professional development workshops to K-12 schools nationwide.

## History

TeachRock was founded in 2002 when Van Zandt began conversing with representatives from the National Association for Music Education, who claimed that by tying funding to testing that did not include arts, the No Child Left Behind Act had been devastating to art classes. Eventually, Van Zandt began recruiting a team of ethnomusicologists, educators and celebrity supporters to contribute to the organization. The Rock and Roll Forever Foundation's founder board includes Bruce Springsteen, Bono, Jackson Browne, and Martin Scorsese.
In December 2020, TeachRock held its second annual gala to support its mission as well as honor educators across the country who spent the year adjusting to virtual learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The virtual event included performances by Bruce Springsteen, Jackson Browne, Eddie Vedder, Margo Price and others.
In April 2021, Connecticut governor Ned Lamont announced that the state's education system would begin a partnership with TeachRock.

## Content and reach

As of March 2021, TeachRock had 193 teacher-facing lesson plans and 69 student-facing lesson plans. As an interdisciplinary curriculum provider, TeachRock's lessons cover a wide variety of subjects and topics to engage students including art, civics, math and geography. The lessons are taught using several music genres, ranging from classical to reggae.
According to TeachRock's annual report, the initiative reaches approximately 800,000 students per year and hosts over 45,000 online users. Additionally, TeachRock has partnered with several organizations to expand its reach, including the American Federation of Teachers, the National Education Association, the United Federation of Teachers, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the California Department of Education, and the Grammy Museum.
The TeachRock Partner District and Schools Program supports school and district-wide adoption of the TeachRock curriculum through a rollout that features professional development and the sharing of arts-integration best practices. Current TeachRock partner districts and schools sites are as follows:
* 41 after school sites in New York City, in partnership with New York Edge
* Hopatcong Borough Schools, Hopatcong, NJ
* Milwaukee Public Schools, Milwaukee, WI
* Orangethrope Elementary, Fullerton, CA
* 36 after schools sites in Los Angeles, in partnership with ThinkTogether
* 3 partner sites in New Mexico, in partnership with TrueKids

## Associated events

In 2018, Steven Van Zandt and the Disciples of Soul announced a national tour in support of the TeachRock initiative. The tour included 28 shows which teachers were able to attend for free and also attend a pre-show TeachRock professional development workshop.
# Green (Forbidden album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Green is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Forbidden. The sound of this album was a departure from the band's previous albums, focusing on a rather slower and experimental sound, which presented a mixture of alternative and groove metal.

## Track listing

* Track 14 features a hidden track after six minutes of silence.

## Credits

* Russ Anderson – lead vocals
* Craig Locicero – guitars
* Tim Calvert – guitars
* Matt Camacho – bass
* Steve Jacobs – drums
* Produced by Patrick Coughlin and Forbidden
* Mastered by Steve Hall
# Lodhurva Jain temple

Lodhurva Jain temple is a Jain temple in the Lodhruva village of Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan. It belongs to the Śvetāmbara sect of Jainism

## History

Lodhruva was established as the capital by Rawal Deoraj, the Bhati clan, in 8th−9th century CE. The temple was constructed in the 9th century along with city of Lodhruva. Rawal Jaisal, a famous prince of the Bhati clan, moved his capital from Lodhruva to Jaisalmer in 1156 CE. The temple was also plundered by Mahmud of Ghazni and Muhammad of Ghor. This led to temple being destroyed in 1152 CE. In 1615 CE, the temples undergone repairs and renovations. The temple remains the only standing structure in the ruined city of Lodhruva.

## Architecture

The temple is built with yellow limestone and sandstone; famous for the intricate craftsmanship. The temple features ornate torana (arched gateway), and stone carvings of Kalpavriksha and kalputra. Lodhurva Jain temple is considered one of the best example of Jain architecture in Rajasthan. According to William Guy, the temple walls are folded similar to an accordion and features exquisite screen carvings of jali.

## About temple

Lodhurva is one of the important Jain center. The mulnayak (main deity) of the temple is a black marble idol of Parshvanatha with a canopy of thousand hoods over head. In Shvetambara tradition, idols tend to derive their name from a geographical region, the lodhurva Parshvanath is one of 108 prominent idols of Parshvanath idols.
According to Jain belief, A snake comes out every evening from a hole in the temple to drink milk offering. As per popular belief, the sight of this snake is a blessing. There is a ritual for people to visit the shrine after marriage.

## Fair

A fair is organised here in the month of Pausha, the event draws a huge number of devotees.

## Gallery

* Ceiling with carvings of devkulikas
* Ornate torana
* Parshvanath idol
* Sambhavanatha temple inside the temple complex
* Unique facade designs of Lodurva temple
# Clarence Wilson

Clarence Wilson may refer to:
* Clarence Wilson (actor) (1876–1941), American actor
* Clarence Remus Wilson, early 20th-century American musician, who played Old-time music
# Mario Mauro

Mario Mauro (born 24 July 1961) is an Italian politician and a university teacher of history. He is the former Minister of Defence, having served in the Letta Cabinet from 2013 to 2014. From 1999 to 2013, he was a member of the European Parliament, and he is a member of Communion and Liberation.

## Early life and education

Mauro was born in San Giovanni Rotondo on 24 July 1961. He studied literature and philosophy at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (UCSC) in Milan and received a degree in 1985.

## Career

Mauro began his career as a teacher in southern Italy after graduation and until 1999, he continued to serve as a teacher and established the Public Social Services University Research Centre. He was first elected to the European Parliament in 1999 with the PPE-DE group. From 1999 to 2004, he was vice president of the education and culture commission. On 2 July 2004, he was elected one of the 14 vice presidents of the parliament. His tenure as vice president lasted until 2009. In June 2009, he was elected again to the parliament. He assumed the post of the leader of the Italian center-right MEPs for the period of 2009–2013.
In addition to his position as European Parliamentary, he held the following positions: representative of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) against racism, xenophobia, and discrimination, concerning discrimination against Christians from 2009 to 2011, and adjunct professor at the European University of Rome from 2007 to 2009.
In 2013, Mauro resigned from Il Popolo della Libertà and joined Civic Choice (SC). He was elected senator on With Monti for Italy's lists, a coalition between Civic Choice, Union of the Centre and Future and Freedom. He was elected the leader of the SC parliamentary group in the Senate. He was replaced in the European Parliament by Susy De Martini.
On 28 April 2013, Mauro was sworn in as defense minister in the grand coalition cabinet of Enrico Letta. After internal rifts inside the Civic Choice party, Mauro left it in November 2013 and launched the new Populars for Italy.

## Personal life

Mauro is married to Giovanna; they have two children, Francesca Romana and Angelo.
# Laceyella

Laceyella is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, spore-forming and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae. The genus Laceyella is namened after the English microbiologist John Lacey.

## Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214 |
| Laceyella L. putida (Lacey & Cross 1989) Yoon et al. 2005 L. thermophila Ming et al. 2017 L. sacchari (Lacey 1971) Yoon et al. 2005 L. sediminis Chen et al. 2012 L. tengchongensis Zhang et al. 2010 | Laceyella L. sacchari L. sediminis [incl. L. tengchongensis] |
# AD–IA model

The aggregate demand–inflation adjustment model builds on the concepts of the IS–LM model and the AD–AS models, essentially in terms of changing interest rates in response to fluctuations in inflation rather than as changes in the money supply in response to changes in the price level.

## The model

The AD–IA model is a Keynesian method used to explain economic fluctuations. This model is used to show undergraduate students how shifts in demand or shocks to prices can affect real GDP around potential. The model assumes that when inflation rises the interest rate rises (monetary policy rule). It also assumes that when real GDP exceeds potential, there is upward pressure on the inflation rate and vice versa.
The model features a downward-sloping demand curve (AD) and a horizontal inflation adjustment line (IA). The point where the two lines cross is equal to potential GDP. A shift in either curve will explain the impact on real GDP and inflation in the short run.

### Assumptions

The AD–IA model depends on the assumption of the monetary policy rule (MPR). The monetary policy rule is that the federal reserve increases interest rates in response to increase in inflation and vice versa.

### Shifts in demand

A shift in demand can occur for the following reasons:
* A change in government spending
* A change in consumption
* A change in taxes
* A change in the monetary rule
Example: Suppose the government were to cut taxes. This would lead to an increase in expenditures and thus an increase in demand. The demand curve would therefore shift to the right and real GDP would be growing above potential. The inflation adjustment line would then shift upward (reflecting an increase in the inflation rate) causing a movement along the new demand curve until real GDP was equal to potential.

## More advanced

This model is further advanced in higher levels of undergraduate studies.
David Romer proposed in 2000 that the LM curve be replaced in the IS–LM model. Instead, Romer suggested that although the Federal Reserve uses open market operations to impact the federal funds rate, they are not targeting money supply, but rather the interest rate. Therefore, he suggested removing the LM curve and replacing it with the MP curve of the IS–MP model.
# Alexander de Brus

Alexander de Brus (c. 1285 – 17 February 1307), Dean of Glasgow, was a younger brother of King Robert I of Scotland, who supported his brother in the struggle for the crown of Scotland. He was captured by forces at Loch Ryan, Galloway, Scotland and later executed by the English.
Born c. 1285 at Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland he was the fourth son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Margaret, Countess of Carrick. He is said to have been a learned man who was educated at Cambridge and was later named Dean of Glasgow. On 9 February 1307 shortly after King Robert returned to the Isle of Arran from Rathlin Island, Alexander, his brother Thomas de Brus and Sir Reginald Crawford, sailing 18 galleys, landed with a force of some 1000 Irishmen at Loch Ryan. They were met by a force of Gallowaymen led by Dungal MacDouall, who was a supporter of the Comyns. Their force was overwhelmed in the ensuing battle and all three leaders were captured, badly wounded. All three were hanged, drawn and beheaded a few days later at Carlisle, Cumberland, England.
# Teach First Deutschland

Teach First Deutschland is a German non-profit organization started in 2008 and adapted from Teach For America and Teach First. In an effort to help eliminate educational inequity, it recruits exceptional graduates from across all subject areas and places them for two years in challenging German schools.
Currently, ~120 graduates ("fellows") spend their two-year service in schools in the federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, Hamburg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Thuringia to improve student-performance. Fellows are trained in a 3-month preparation phase.
While fellows are paid by the participating federal states, the organization has been supported by different foundations (Bosch-, Hertie-, Vodafone- and ZEIT-Stiftung) as well as German businesses, among them Deutsche Post DHL, Lanxess, Haniel, Lufthansa, McKinsey & Company and Siemens.
Berlin's Education Secretary of State judged the impact of the program so far as "downright positive".
Teach First Deutschland is a member of Teach For All, a global network of independent social enterprises working to expand educational opportunity.
# Green Wheel

The Green Wheel is an 80-kilometre (50 mi) network of cycleways, footpaths, and bridleways in Peterborough, England. Designed as part of a sustainable transport system for the city, it was created as a project by the Millennium Commission.
The name Green Wheel alludes to the circular nature of the major part of the path, which encircles Peterborough, with cycle route "spokes" leading from this perimeter, which passes through several peripheral settlements around Peterborough, into the city centre, allowing easy transport around the network, much of which required no new construction, instead using or improving already existing cycle routes or roads. The only major new construction for the project was a curved cycle bridge over the River Nene near Whittlesey, from where the path can be accessed northwards towards Flag Fen, into the city centre, or southwards towards the Ortons. The network is fully signposted. Additionally, three circular pipe tunnels were constructed near Etton village to allow the Green Wheel route to pass underneath the A15.
The project also encourages recreational use and has created a sculpture trail, which provides functional, landscape artworks along the Green Wheel route and a ‘Living Landmarks’ project involving the local community in the creation of local landscape features such as mini woodlands, ponds and hedgerows.
The project cost £11 million and was 50% funded by the National Lottery through the Millennium Commission and has also won many awards, including a RIBA award for Architecture in 2003.
# Loch Màma

Loch Màma is a small freshwater loch in South Morar, Lochaber, in the north west of Scotland. It forms a simple basin and is orientated east to west. It is thought that the adjoining loch Loch na Creige Duibhe and Loch Màma were at one time a single loch. Debris brought down by the Allt Dearg stream has likely caused the lochs to be separated into two bodies of water. The loch is the source of the river Allt a' Mhama.
The loch was surveyed on 11 July 1902 by James Parsons and T.R.H. Garrett and later charted as part of the Sir John Murray and Laurence Pullar's Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.
# Tomstown, Pennsylvania

Tomstown is an unincorporated community in Quincy Township in southeastern Franklin County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

## History

A post office called Tomstown was established in 1892, and remained in operation until 1901. The community was named after John Toms, a first settler. A variant name is "Toms Town".
# Gerard of Cambrai

Gerard of Cambrai may refer to:
* Gerard of Florennes, bishop of Cambrai from 1012 to 1051
* Gerard II (bishop of Cambrai), bishop from 1076 to 1092
* Gérard de Dainville, bishop of Cambrai from 1371 to 1378
# Baer–Suzuki theorem

In mathematical finite group theory, the Baer–Suzuki theorem, proved by Baer (1957) and Suzuki (1965), states that if any two elements of a conjugacy class C of a finite group generate a nilpotent subgroup, then all elements of the conjugacy class C are contained in a nilpotent subgroup. Alperin & Lyons (1971) gave a short elementary proof.
# Lagoa Beach

Lagoa Cove (Enseada da Lagoa) or Lagoa Beach (Praia da Lagoa in Portuguese, lit. "Lagoon Beach") is an extensive crescent-shaped maritime beach of Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal.
Lagoa Cove is located near Novotel Vermar, and there are beach bars all year-long, namely Bar da Praia and other bars. The beach is very popular in the summer, but very calm during winter. The beach has white sand and no or very few rocks, during low tide, some immersed rocks become islets.
# Maj-Lis Lööw

Maj-Lis Lööw (born 13 August 1936) is a former Swedish Social Democratic Party politician who served as the minister of immigration and minister of gender equality between 1989 and 1991 in the cabinets of Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson. She was also a member of the Swedish Parliament and the European Parliament.

## Biography

Lööw was born in Eskilstuna on 13 August 1936. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party and the chair of the Social Democratic Women in Sweden in the period 1981–1990. She served at the Swedish Parliament for the Social Democratic Party between 1979 and 1995. On 30 January 1989 Lööw was appointed minister of immigration, replacing Georg Andersson in the post.
In the same period Lööw was also the minister of gender equality. His tenure ended on 4 October 1991. She resigned from the Swedish Parliament in 1995 and served at the European Parliament as part of the Party of European Socialists of which she was vice president from 1995 and 1997. Her term at the European Parliament ended in 1999.
# Alex Levac

Alex Levac (Hebrew: אלכס ליבק, born 1944, Tel Aviv) is an Israeli photojournalist and street photographer. He was awarded the Israel Prize for photography in 2005.

## Youth and studies

Alex Levac was born in Tel Aviv in 1944. After graduating in philosophy and psychology from Tel Aviv University and in photography from the London College of Printing.

## Career

He began working as a freelance photographer in Brazil from 1971 to 1974. In 1974–79, he worked in London and later in Los Angeles (1979–81). In 1981, he returned to Israel and settled in Jerusalem. Levac is married to Maariv journalist Sherry Ansky and they have one child.
In 1983, he became staff photographer for the daily Hadashot and since 1993 he is staff photographer for the Israeli daily Haaretz. In 1984, a photograph he took during the hijacking of a Tel Aviv bus disproved the official account of events and led to a long running scandal known as the Kav 300 affair. Levac has participated in a number of exhibitions, among them Amazon Indians, held at the University of California, Berkeley; the Ein Harod Israeli Biennale of Photography; and the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. He published five books.

## Awards

* In 1993, Levac received the Rita Poretzky Award of Photography from the Tel Aviv Museum of Art.
* In 2001, the Israeli Foreign Ministry chose Levac to represent Israel in the international exhibit "Our Country".
* In 2005, he won the Israel Prize, for photography. The judges who chose to award the prize emphasized the humanitarian perspective of his work. "No other photographer is as involved as Alex Levac in the Israeli experience," they wrote.

## Quotes

   "I don't take a lot of pictures. I see things as though through a sieve. The choice of a specific moment is mine. I enjoy photography. It forces me to look at marginal things as well. There are wonderful situations where the photographic potential is enormous, and pictures truly leap to the eye, but most pictures are obtained by hard and patient work. I would like all my pictures to be great, full of historical, social, and anthropological meaning, but very few reach that level. Many times the result is simply anecdotal, visual amusements, the justaposition of bits of reality that usually are not connected to one another. Some are complex, others are simple, but they always tell something about us."

## Published works

* Eye to Zion, edited by David Tartakover, published by Am Oved, 1994.
* Tel Aviv Serenade, with poems by Nathan Alterman, Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2000.
* Our country, Introduction: Daniel Ben-Simon, published by the Ministry of Defense, 2000.
* Like a dog, edited by David Tartakover, Keter Publishing, 2005.
* Israel: the twenty-first century, Carmel Press, 2008.

## Exhibitions

* 2018: Oh Jerusalem, Gallery Bernd A. Lausberg, 16 February – 9 March 2018
* 2018: Lost in Translation, Haifa Museum, 4 August 2018 – 17 February 2019
* 2018: Israeli Street Moments, Leica Gallery Prague, 2 November 2018 – 6 January 2019