OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bellavance

Bellavance is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* André Bellavance (born 1964), a Canadian politician
* Louise Bellavance (born 1943), a Canadian social worker
* Michel Bellavance, a Swiss flautist of Canadian origin
* Scott Bellavance (born 1975), a Canadian freestyle skier
The origins of this name can be found on this website: www.gagnier.org
It is descended from a member of the Gagne family, Pierre 1610-1656) who immigrated from France to Ste. Anne de Beaupre Quebec in 1653. The original spelling was Gasnier, later spelled Gagnier, Gagne and many other variations.
Louis, third son of Pierre, obtained a title of Signeur as Lord of the Fresnaye and with it a new name, Bellavance. He chose to give his property at Cap-Saint-Ignace the name La Fresnaye after a manor located near his former village in France. He is the ancestor of the Bellavance line in Quebec.
# Chassis management controller

A chassis management controller (CMC) is an embedded system management hardware and software solution to manage multiple servers, networking, and storage.
A CMC can provide a secure browser-based interface that enables an IT system administrator to take inventory, perform configuration and monitoring tasks, remotely power on/off blade servers, and enable alerts for events on servers or components in the blade chassis. It has its own microprocessor and memory and is powered by the modular chassis it is plugged into. The inventory of hardware components is built-in and a CMC has a dedicated internal network. The blade enclosure, which can hold multiple blade servers, provides power, cooling, various interconnects, and additional systems management capabilities. Unlike a tower or rack server, a blade server cannot run by itself; it requires a compatible blade enclosure.
# Dendrolaelaps stammeri

Dendrolaelaps stammeri is a species of mite in the family Digamasellidae.
# Black-crowned monjita

The black-crowned monjita (Neoxolmis coronatus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.

## Taxonomy

This species was formerly placed in the genus Xolmis. Following the publication of a molecular phylogenetic study in 2020, it was one of three species moved to Neoxolmis.
# Neoephemera maxima

Neoephemera maxima is a species of mayfly belonging to the family Neoephemeridae.
It is native to Europe.
Synonym:
# Bay du Nord, Hermitage Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador

Bay du Nord is an abandoned community in Hermitage Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador.
# Howard the Duck (video game)

Howard the Duck, also known as Howard the Duck: Adventure on Volcano Island, is an action video game released in 1986 by Activision for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64 and Apple II. The game is a tie-in to the film Howard the Duck from the same year.

## Gameplay

The game involves players controlling Howard the Duck to save his best friends, Phil and Beverly. After being parachuted to Volcano Island, Howard needs to find a backpack to proceed with the search. The game consists then of four levels, in the last of which Howard, armed with a neutron gun, will finally face Overlord.

## Reception

Like the film, the game also received fairly negative reviews. Computer Gamer gave an overall 55%, by stating "beautifully presented, and well-programmed, it rates as one of Activision's better recent releases and deserves consideration outside its unfortunate tie-in", predicting, however, low longevity. Aktueller Software Markt described the game as not fulfilling the expectancies and not worth the money.
# Lucien Bechmann

Lucien Adolphe Bechmann (25 July 1880 – 29 October 1968) is a French architect known for the Fondation Émile et Louise Deutsch de la Meurthe in the Cité internationale universitaire de Paris, the building Washington Plaza, Rue Washington in Paris and the Synagogue Chasseloup-Laubat in Paris.
# 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships – Women's 400m freestyle

The finals and the qualifying heats of the women's 400 metres freestyle event at the 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships were held on the third day of the competition, on Saturday 19 April 1997 in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## Finals

| RANK | FINAL A | TIME |
| | Claudia Poll (CRC) | 4:00.03 WR |
| | Natasha Bowron (AUS) | 4:05.76 |
| | Kerstin Kielgass (GER) | 4:07.13 |
| 4. | Wang Luna (CHN) | 4:08.27 |
| 5. | Julia Greville (AUS) | 4:09.81 |
| 6. | Carla Geurts (NED) | 4:10.02 |
| 7. | Jennifer Parmenter (USA) | 4:11.78 |
| 8. | Jana Pechanová (CZE) | 4:14.54 |
| RANK | FINAL B | TIME |
| 9. | Britt Raaby (DEN) | 4:10.71 |
| 10. | Malin Nilsson (SWE) | 4:11.54 |
| 11. | Anna Simoni (ITA) | 4:13.00 |
| 12. | Victoria Horner (GBR) | 4:13.29 |
| 13. | Flavia Rigamonti (SUI) | 4:13.89 |
| 14. | Desiree Beckers (GER) | 4:14.11 |
| 15. | Laura Nicholls (CAN) | 4:14.32 |
| 16. | Kristýna Kyněrová (CZE) | 4:16.83 |

## Qualifying heats

| RANK | HEAT RANKINGS | TIME |
| 1. | Natasha Bowron (AUS) | 4:08.72 |
| 2. | Claudia Poll (CRC) | 4:08.93 |
| 3. | Kerstin Kielgass (GER) | 4:09.24 |
| 4. | Jennifer Parmenter (USA) | 4:09.39 |
| 5. | Carla Geurts (NED) | 4:09.91 |
| 6. | Wang Luna (CHN) | 4:10.34 |
| 7. | Julia Greville (AUS) | 4:10.45 |
| 8. | Jana Pechanová (CZE) | 4:14.09 |
| 9. | Laura Nicholls (CAN) | 4:14.26 |
| 10. | Anna Simoni (ITA) | 4:14.42 |
| 11. | Desiree Beckers (GER) | 4:14.43 |
| 12. | Kristýna Kyněrová (CZE) | 4:14.56 |
| 13. | Malin Nilsson (SWE) | 4:14.64 |
| 14. | Britt Raaby (DEN) | 4:15.67 |
| 15. | Victoria Horner (GBR) | 4:15.88 |
| 16. | Flavia Rigamonti (SUI) | 4:17.15 |
| 17. | Ana Alegria (POR) | 4:17.56 |
| 18. | Jessica Deglau (CAN) | 4:17.59 |
| 19. | Rutai Santadvatana (THA) | 4:18.47 |
| 20. | Mirjana Boševska (MKD) | 4:19.42 |
| 21. | Asa Sandlund (SWE) | 4:19.65 |
# Bellatti

Bellatti is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Shirhatti taluk of Gadag district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Bellatti had a population of 6558 with 3321 males and 3237 females.
# Harry Davies (footballer, born 1888)

Harold Donald Davies (1888 – 1958) was an English footballer who played for Stoke.

## Career

Davies was born in Pendleton, Lancashire and played amateur football with Lancaster Wanderers before joining Stoke in 1913. He played in one first team match which came in a 5–1 win over Treharris Athletic during the 1913–14 season before returning to amateur football with North Staffs Nomads.

## Career statistics

| Club | Season | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Stoke | 1913–14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
# Charles Speight (rugby union)

Charles Richard Barton Speight (13 July 1870 – 23 December 1935) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A forward, who came out of the Parnell club, Speight represented Auckland at a provincial level. He was a member of the New Zealand national side in 1893, playing seven tour matches for the team.
After moving to Hamilton, Speight served as a member of the Hamilton Borough Council and the Waikato Trotting Club committee. He died in Hamilton on 23 December 1935 and was buried at Hamilton East Cemetery.
His brother, Harold Murray Hamilton Speight, also represented Auckland in 1894.
# Dendrolaelaps ulmi

Dendrolaelaps ulmi is a species of mite in the family Digamasellidae.
# William Wilson Hudson

William Wilson Hudson (1808-June 14, 1859) was an American educator and third President of the University of Missouri.
He was born in Orange County, Virginia in 1808 and graduated from Yale University with an A.B. in 1827 and an A.M. in 1830. He was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the University of Alabama before moving to Columbia, Missouri in 1838. After teaching at the University of Missouri for some years, he was elected president of the university in 1856 and served until his death in 1859. He is buried in Columbia at the Columbia Cemetery.
Hudson Hall on the University of Missouri campus is named in honor of him.
# The Spectrum Between

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Press | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| Pitchfork | 7.9/10 |
| Spin | |
The Spectrum Between is the fourth album by David Grubbs, released in 2000 through Drag City.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by David Grubbs

## Personnel
### Musicians

* Noël Akchoté – guitar on "Seagull and Eagull", "Whirlweek" and "Gloriette"
* Dan Brown – drums, percussion
* Daniel Carter – trumpet on "Stanwell Perpetual", "Preface" and "Two Shades of Green"
* David Grubbs – guitar
* Mats Gustafsson – saxophone on "Stanwell Perpetual" and "Gloriette"
* John McEntire – drums, percussion
* Charlie O. – organ on "Pink Rambler" and "Preface"
* Quentin Rollet – saxophone on "Pink Rambler"

### Production and additional personnel

* Cosima von Bonin – cover art
* Alan Douches – mastering
* Justus Köhnke – cover art
* Nicolas Vernhes – recording
# Yaga Station (Hiroshima)

Yaga Station (矢賀駅, Yaga-eki) is a JR West Geibi Line station located in 5-chōme, Yaga, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

## History

* 1929-03-20: Yaga Station opens
* 1937-07-01: Switching equipment at Yaga station is expanded
* August 1941: Yaga Station closed due to World War II
* 1942-10-28: Signal cabin installed at Yaga Station
* 1943-04-02: Station status reinstated, and Yaga Station reopens
* 1987-04-01: Japanese National Railways is privatized, and Yaga Station becomes a JR West station

## Station building and platforms

Yaga Station features one island platform capable of handling two lines simultaneously. Trains bound for Shiwaguchi and Miyoshi are handled on the upper end (上り) of the platform, and trains bound for Hiroshima are handled on the lower end (下り). The station features a Green Window.

### Environs

* Kirin Beer Park Hiroshima
* Kirin Hiroshima Brewery
* Diamond City Soleil (ダイヤモンドシティ・ソレイユ)
* Hiroshima Wald 11 (movie theaters)
* Takamagahara Memorial Gardens
* Hiroshima Municipal Fuchū Elementary School
* Hiroshima Municipal Nakayama Elementary School
* Hiroshima Municipal Yaga Elementary School
* JR West Hakata Railyard, Hiroshima Branch
* JR Freight Railyard

### Highway access

* Japan National Route 54
* Hiroshima Expressway Route 1 (Aki-Fuchū Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 37 (Hiroshima-Miyoshi Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 70 (Hiroshima-Nakashima Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 84 (Higashi Kaita Hiroshima Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 151 (Fuchū-Kaita Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 152 (Fuchū-Gion Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 264 (Nakayama-Onaga Route)
* Hiroshima Prefectural Route 272 (Kamimiyachō-Shinchi Route)

## Connecting lines

All lines are JR West lines.

### Geibi Line

    Miyoshi Express (#1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8)
       No stop
    Miyoshi Express (#3, 4)
       Akiyaguchi Station — Yaga Station — Hiroshima Station
    Commuter Liner
       No stop
    Miyoshi Liner/Local
       Hesaka Station — Yaga Station — Hiroshima Station
# 1973 Allsvenskan

Statistics of Allsvenskan in season 1973.

## Overview

The league was contested by 14 teams, with Åtvidabergs FF winning the championship.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| 1 | Åtvidabergs FF (C) | 26 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 53 | 32 | +21 | 37 | Qualification to European Cup first round |
| 2 | Östers IF | 26 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 46 | 27 | +19 | 31 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Djurgårdens IF | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 53 | 38 | +15 | 31 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 4 | Malmö FF | 26 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 46 | 32 | +14 | 30 | Qualification to Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 5 | AIK | 26 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 42 | 29 | +13 | 30 | |
| 6 | IFK Norrköping | 26 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 48 | 34 | +14 | 29 | |
| 7 | Landskrona BoIS | 26 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 35 | 34 | +1 | 28 | |
| 8 | Hammarby IF | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 33 | 37 | −4 | 26 | |
| 9 | IF Elfsborg | 26 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 36 | 37 | −1 | 25 | |
| 10 | GAIS | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 33 | 42 | −9 | 25 | |
| 11 | Örebro SK | 26 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 24 | |
| 12 | IK Sirius | 26 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 20 | 48 | −28 | 19 | |
| 13 | Örgryte IS (R) | 26 | 3 | 9 | 14 | 31 | 59 | −28 | 15 | Relegation to Division 2 |
| 14 | Saab (R) | 26 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 26 | 53 | −27 | 14 | Relegation to Division 2 |
* ↑ Malmö FF qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup as Svenska Cupen champions 1973–74.

## Results

| Home \ Away | AIK | DIF | GAIS | HIF | IFE | IFS | IFK | IKS | BOIS | MFF | ÅFF | ÖSK | ÖIS | ÖIF |
| AIK | | 0–3 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 4–0 | 1–1 |
| Djurgårdens IF | 0–4 | | 5–2 | 2–2 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 0–3 | 0–0 | 4–2 | 2–1 |
| GAIS | 1–3 | 2–0 | | 2–2 | 3–3 | 1–0 | 4–2 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 2–3 | 2–1 | 2–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 |
| Hammarby IF | 3–0 | 4–1 | 1–0 | | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 0–3 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–4 |
| IF Elfsborg | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | | 1–2 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 2–2 |
| IF Saab | 0–2 | 0–6 | 1–0 | 4–2 | 0–0 | | 1–2 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 |
| IFK Norrköping | 1–0 | 3–0 | 5–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | | 6–0 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 2–2 |
| IK Sirius | 1–2 | 0–5 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 0–2 | | 2–3 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| Landskrona BoIS | 0–2 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 0–3 |
| Malmö FF | 2–0 | 3–2 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 4–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | | 4–0 | 6–0 | 4–0 | 2–4 |
| Åtvidabergs FF | 0–3 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 4–0 | 3–2 | | 4–3 | 2–2 | 2–2 |
| Örebro SK | 2–3 | 0–3 | 1–2 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 6–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| Örgryte IS | 2–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–3 | 3–3 | 0–3 | 4–1 | 0–4 | 1–1 | 2–5 | 1–5 | | 0–1 |
| Östers IF | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 6–1 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | |
# 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

The finals and the qualifying heats of the Women's 4×100 metres Freestyle Relay event at the 1997 FINA Short Course World Championships were held on the third day of the competition, on Saturday 19 April 1997 in Gothenburg, Sweden.

## Finals

| Rank | Final | Time |
| | China Le Jingyi Chao Na Shan Ying Nian Yun | 3:34.55 WR 53.32 54.73 53.55 52.95 |
| | Germany Simone Osygus Antje Buschschulte Katrin Meissner Sandra Völker | 3:34.69 ER |
| | Sweden Johanna Sjöberg Louise Karlsson Malin Svahnström Therese Alshammar | 3:38.07 |
| 4. | Great Britain | 3:39.98 |
| 5. | Australia | 3:40.55 |
| 6. | United States Lindsey Farella Jennifer Parmenter Misty Hyman Jenny Thompson | 3:41.86 |
| 7. | Canada | 3:43.32 |
| 8. | South Africa | 3:51.45 |
# Between Midnight & Hindsight

Between Midnight & Hindsight is the debut album by Joy Lynn White, released October 20, 1992.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Chicago Tribune | |
| Country Universe | |
This album received four out of a possible five stars and ranked No. 66 on their 100 Greatest Contemporary Country Albums by Country Universe.
Robert Wooldridge of Country Standard Time writes that "White's impressive vocal skills are in evidence on this impressive debut."
William Ruhlmann of AllMusic says of Ms. White, "She could wring depths of feeling from the plot twists of the tearjerker "Why Do I Feel So Good" and barnstorm through the stomping "Wishful Thinking" with equal effectiveness."
Jack Hurst of the Chicago Tribune reviews the album and writes, "This might seem to be a better album had it begun with its fifth cut, "(If He's So Bad) Why Do I Feel So Good." That one and three that follow it-"Wishful Thinking" (no, not the old one), "Let's Talk About Love Again" and "Hey Hey Mama"-all sound like possible harbingers of a female persona that has not existed on the country scene for some time, if ever. In these songs, young White-whose voice displays vestiges of both Patty Loveless and Emmylou Harris-exhibits a kick and fire that suggest the imminent arrival of a female Dwight Yoakam. Her dominant sound is that of a raucous rebelliousness. The style isn't polished yet, as some of the album's earlier cuts indicate, but it's hard to remember when a country female has dared to be quite this traditional and, at the same time, this bold.

## Track listing

* Track information and credits taken from the album's liner notes.
# Charles Speight (businessman)

Charles Speight CBE (30 July 1865 – 19 February 1928) was a New Zealand brewer and businessman.
Speight was born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1865. In the 1926 King's Birthday Honours Speight was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his role as vice-chairman of the New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition.
# Dendrolaelaspis

Dendrolaelaspis is a genus of mites in the family Digamasellidae. There are about 19 described species in Dendrolaelaspis.

## Species

These 19 species belong to the genus Dendrolaelaspis:
* Dendrolaelaspis angulosus (Willmann, 1936)
* Dendrolaelaspis baculus Karg, 2003
* Dendrolaelaspis baloghi (Hirschmann, 1974)
* Dendrolaelaspis bistilus (Karg, 1979)
* Dendrolaelaspis bregetovae (Shcherbak, 1978)
* Dendrolaelaspis brevisetosus (Shcherbak, 1978)
* Dendrolaelaspis cienfuegi (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1989)
* Dendrolaelaspis crassilaciniae (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1983)
* Dendrolaelaspis eucrinis (Karg, 1979)
* Dendrolaelaspis geminus Karg, 1998
* Dendrolaelaspis hungaricus (Hirschmann & Wisniewski, 1982)
* Dendrolaelaspis lindquisti (Shcherbak, 1978)
* Dendrolaelaspis lobatus (Shcherbak & Chelebiev, 1977)
* Dendrolaelaspis longisetosus (Shcherbak, 1977)
* Dendrolaelaspis miniangulosus (Shcherbak, 1978)
* Dendrolaelaspis orientalis (Bhattacharyya, 1969)
* Dendrolaelaspis piscis (Karg, 1979)
* Dendrolaelaspis poltavae Shcherbak & Sklar, 1983
* Dendrolaelaspis sexsetosus Karg & Schorlemmer, 2009
# Nudgee railway station

Nudgee railway station is located on the Shorncliffe line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the Brisbane suburb of Nudgee.

## Services

Nudgee station is served by all stops Shorncliffe line services from Shorncliffe to Roma Street, Cannon Hill, Manly and Cleveland

## Services by platform

| Platform | Line | Destinations | Notes |
| 1 | Shorncliffe | Roma Street, Cannon Hill, Manly & Cleveland | |
| 2 | Shorncliffe | Shorncliffe | |
# Burgers material

A Burgers material is a viscoelastic material having the properties both of elasticity and viscosity. It is named after the Dutch physicist Johannes Martinus Burgers.

## Overview
### Maxwell representation

Given that one Maxwell material has an elasticity $E_{1}$ and viscosity $\eta _{1}$, and the other Maxwell material has an elasticity $E_{2}$ and viscosity $\eta _{2}$, the Burgers model has the constitutive equation
    $\sigma +\left({\frac {\eta _{1}}{E_{1}}}+{\frac {\eta _{2}}{E_{2}}}\right){\dot {\sigma }}+{\frac {\eta _{1}\eta _{2}}{E_{1}E_{2}}}{\ddot {\sigma }}=\left(\eta _{1}+\eta _{2}\right){\dot {\varepsilon }}+{\frac {\eta _{1}\eta _{2}\left(E_{1}+E_{2}\right)}{E_{1}E_{2}}}{\ddot {\varepsilon }}$
where $\sigma$ is the stress and $\varepsilon$ is the strain.

### Kelvin representation

Given that the Kelvin material has an elasticity $E_{1}$ and viscosity $\eta _{1}$, the spring has an elasticity $E_{2}$ and the dashpot has a viscosity $\eta _{2}$, the Burgers model has the constitutive equation
    $\sigma +\left({\frac {\eta _{1}}{E_{1}}}+{\frac {\eta _{2}}{E_{1}}}+{\frac {\eta _{2}}{E_{2}}}\right){\dot {\sigma }}+{\frac {\eta _{1}\eta _{2}}{E_{1}E_{2}}}{\ddot {\sigma }}=\eta _{2}{\dot {\varepsilon }}+{\frac {\eta _{1}\eta _{2}}{E_{1}}}{\ddot {\varepsilon }}$
where $\sigma$ is the stress and $\varepsilon$ is the strain.

## Model characteristics

This model incorporates viscous flow into the standard linear solid model, giving a linearly increasing asymptote for strain under fixed loading conditions.
# Murasu

The murasu (Tamil: முரசு) is a type of drum that originated in Tamil Nadu, India several centuries ago.
Three types of Murasu are known.
# Nila Banton Smith

Nila Banton Smith (1889–1976) was a teacher, writer, administrator and specialist in reading instruction. She published a number of books and papers on this subject beginning in 1922. She was a professor at New York University. She was a proponent of the "language experience" and "whole word" approaches to reading.

## Career

Smith taught public school in Detroit. For her doctoral dissertation at Columbia University she wrote An Historical Analysis of American Reading Instruction; in 1934 this was published by Silver Burdett as American Reading Instruction, a book about the history of reading education in the United States.
Smith was president of the International Reading Association. She taught for many years at the Lincoln School of Columbia Teachers College. She was later director of the Reading Institute at New York University. Smith studied and wrote about various approaches to reading instruction.
Smith published a reading guide in 1957 titled Speed Reading Made Easy". It was reissued several times up until about 1987. The book includes advice on keywords, paragraph analysis, article types and skimming. This early work remains a useful guide to how to read more efficiently. She published Read Faster on the same subject.

## Legacy

A special edition of American Reading Instruction was reissued in 2002 which highlighted the historical research Smith undertook. It contained a new final chapter on American Reading Instruction since 1967 authored by P. David Pearson.
The International Reading Association offers two grants in Smith's name. One is an award to honor middle or high school teachers who have translated theory and research into practice. The second award is to support a member of the International Reading Association working on a dissemination project for the educational community.
The Nila Banton Smith Historical Collection in Reading at Hofstra University contains thousands of examples of reading instruction materials in various historical periods.

## Selected publications

* Nila Banton Smith (January 2002). American Reading Instruction. International Reading Association. ISBN 978-0-87207-348-7.
* Nila Banton Smith; Stephen Fielding Bayne (1940). Frontiers Old and New. Silver, Burdett.
* International Reading Association; Nila Banton Smith (1971). Reading Methods and Teacher Improvement. International Reading Association.
* N. Smith, Speed Reading Made Easy, Warner Books Printing, 1987.
* Nila Banton Smith (1964). Best of children's literature. Bobbs-Merrill.
* Nila Banton Smith; H. Alan Robinson (1 January 1980). Reading Instruction for Today's Children. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-755157-6.