OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ascending and Descending

Ascending and Descending is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher first printed in March 1960. The original print measures 14 in × 11+1⁄4 in (35.6 cm × 28.6 cm). The lithograph depicts a large building roofed by a never-ending staircase. Two lines of identically dressed men appear on the staircase, one line ascending while the other descends. Two figures sit apart from the people on the endless staircase: one in a secluded courtyard, the other on a lower set of stairs. While most two-dimensional artists use relative proportions to create an illusion of depth, Escher here and elsewhere uses conflicting proportions to create the visual paradox.
Ascending and Descending was influenced by, and is an artistic implementation of, the Penrose stairs, an impossible object; Lionel Penrose had first published his concept in the February 1958 issue of the British Journal of Psychology. Escher developed the theme further in his print Waterfall, which appeared in 1961.
The two concentric processions on the stairs use enough people to emphasise the lack of vertical rise and fall. In addition, the shortness of the tunics worn by the people makes it clear that some are stepping up and some are stepping down.
The structure is embedded in human activity. By showing an unaccountable ritual of what Escher calls an 'unknown' sect, Escher has added an air of mystery to the people who ascend and descend the stairs. Therefore, the stairs themselves tend to become incorporated into that mysterious appearance.
There are 'free' people and Escher said of these: 'recalcitrant individuals refuse, for the time being, to take part in the exercise of treading the stairs. They have no use for it at all, but no doubt, sooner or later they will be brought to see the error of their non-conformity.'
Escher suggests that not only the labours, but the very lives of these monk-like people are carried out in an inescapable, coercive and bizarre environment. Another possible source for the look of the people is the Dutch idiom monnikenwerk ("a monk's job"), which refers to a long and repetitive working activity with absolutely no practical purposes or results, and, by extension, to something completely useless.
Two earlier Escher pictures that feature stairs are House of Stairs and Relativity.
# As Suways

As Suways may refer to:
* Suez, a seaport town in Egypt
* As Suways Governorate, a governorate of Egypt
# Asmari goat

The Asmari is a large breed of goat originating in the Kunar province of Afghanistan. They are a general purpose breed, and are mainly used as pack animals and grown for their meat and milk. They are well adapted to local conditions, making them an important livestock resource for local farmers.
On average, males grow to 70 cm in height and females grow to 53 cm in height, making them larger than the more popular Vatani breed. Males weigh 50–90 kg, while females weigh 45–60 kg. They have a small head and long neck. Asmari goats are generally white with a black neck and shoulders. Both males and females grow horns long enough to reach their shoulders.
Over a 120-day lactation period, the breed produces 90 kg of milk. They produce 500-700 grams of pashmina fibre a year. The hair is traditionally used to make ropes and tents.
# Giro del Belvedere

The Giro del Belvedere is a professional cycling race held annually in the Treviso province, Italy. It has been part of the UCI Europe Tour since 2005 in category 1.2U, meaning it is reserved for U23 riders.

## Winners (since 2000)

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| 2000 | Italy | Giampaolo Caruso | Vellutex Zoccorinese Toscana |
| 2001 | Ukraine | Yaroslav Popovych | Vellutex Record Cucine |
| 2002 | Italy | Devid Garbelli | Marchiol–Hit Casinos–Safi–Site–Frezza |
| 2003 | Russia | Alexandre Bazhenov | Cotto Ref |
| 2004 | Italy | Claudio Corioni | Egidio Unidelta |
| 2005 | Italy | Gianluca Coletta | Caneva Concrete–Cyberteam |
| 2006 | Italy | Fabrizio Galeazzi | Zalf–Désirée–Fior |
| 2007 | Italy | Simone Stortoni | Finauto Sport Team |
| 2008 | Italy | Davide Malacarne | Neri Lucchini Nuova Comauto |
| 2009 | Italy | Sacha Modolo | Zalf–Désirée–Fior |
| 2010 | Belarus | Siarhei Papok | Concrete San Marco Imet Caneva |
| 2011 | Italy | Nicola Boem | Zalf–Désirée–Fior |
| 2012 | Italy | Daniele Dall'Oste | U.C. Trevigiani–Dynamon–Bottoli |
| 2013 | Switzerland | Stefan Küng | BMC Development Team |
| 2014 | Italy | Simone Andreetta | Zalf–Euromobil–Désirée–Fior |
| 2015 | Italy | Andrea Vendrame | Zalf–Euromobil–Désirée–Fior |
| 2016 | Switzerland | Patrick Müller | BMC Development Team |
| 2017 | Belarus | Aleksandr Riabushenko | Team Palazzago |
| 2018 | Australia | Robert Stannard | Mitchelton–BikeExchange |
| 2019 | Italy | Samuele Battistella | Team Dimension Data |
| 2020 | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic | No race due to the COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | Spain | Juan Ayuso | Team Colpack–Ballan |
| 2022 | France | Romain Grégoire | Groupama–FDJ Continental Team |
| 2023 | Norway | Johannes Staune-Mittet | Jumbo–Visma Development Team |
| 2024 | Slovenia | Gal Glivar | UAE Team Emirates Gen Z |
# Beach volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's qualification

The qualification for the 2020 Women's Olympic beach volleyball tournament allocated quota places to 24 teams. A maximum of two teams per country was allowed to qualify.

## Qualification summary

| Means of qualification | Date | Venue | Vacancies | Qualified |
| Host nation | — | — | 1 | Japan |
| 2019 World Championships | 28 June – 7 July 2019 | Hamburg | 1 | Canada |
| 2019 FIVB Olympic Qualification Tournament | 18–22 September 2019 | Haiyang | 2 | Latvia |
| 2019 FIVB Olympic Qualification Tournament | 18–22 September 2019 | Haiyang | 2 | Spain |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | United States |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Brazil |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Brazil |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Australia |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | United States |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Switzerland |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | ROC |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Canada |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Switzerland |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Netherlands |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | China |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Czech Republic |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Germany |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Germany |
| FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Ranking | 13 June 2021 | Lausanne | 15 | Italy |
| 2018–2020 CEV Continental Cup Final | 23–26 June 2021 | The Hague | 1 | Netherlands |
| 2018–2020 AVC Continental Cup Final | 25–27 June 2021 | Nakhon Pathom | 1 | China |
| 2018–2020 CAVB Continental Cup Final | 25–27 June 2021 | Agadir | 1 | Kenya |
| 2018–2020 NORCECA Continental Cup Final | 25–27 June 2021 | Colima | 1 | Cuba |
| 2018–2020 CSV Continental Cup Final | 26–27 June 2021 | Asunción | 1 | Argentina |
| Total | Total | Total | 24 | |

## Host country

FIVB reserved a vacancy for the Olympics host country to participate in the tournament.
* Japan

## World Championships

One team qualified from the 2019 World Championships.
* Canada

## Intercontinental Olympic Qualification Tournament

* The top two teams from the FIVB Beach Volleyball Olympic Qualification Tournament qualified.
* Spain
* Latvia

## Olympic Ranking

15 teams qualified from the Olympic Ranking.
Top 25 Rankings as of June 15, 2020 :
* Rank
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22
* 23
* 24
* 25
# Wellington Lee

Wellington Lee, AM OBE (17 September 1925 – 25 December 2022) was an Australian politician and pharmacist who served as the Deputy Lord Mayor of Melbourne from 1999 to 2000.

## Life and career

Lee was born on 17 September 1925, in Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. Lee's Chinese ancestors first arrived in Australia during the early 1850s Victorian gold rush. Growing up in Darwin, he attended Darwin Public School, then moved with his family to Queensland, where he continued his schooling at Longreach State School, Ingham Rural School and Toowoomba Grammar School. Later, he moved to Melbourne and completed a degree at the Victorian College of Pharmacy.
After the outbreak of the Second World War, Lee enlisted on 8 October 1943, and achieved a rank of leading aircraftman in the Royal Australian Air Force. For many years after the war, Lee remained on the Active Reserve of Officers, and served as the state executive of the Victorian RSL.
He worked as a pharmacist from 1950 and ran a pharmacy shop in Melbourne's Chinatown, on the corner of Little Bourke and Russell streets.
From 1978 to 1980 he was commissioner of the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works, and was a Melbourne City Councillor from 1977 to 1990 and from 1996 to 2001. During his last two years as councillor, he also served as Deputy Lord Mayor of Melbourne.
Lee contested three federal elections: in 1974, contesting Kooyong for the Labor Party; in 1998, as third on the Unity Party's Senate ticket; and in 2001 at the top of the Unity ticket. He was unsuccessful on all of these occasions.
Lee died on 25 December 2022, at the age of 97.

## Awards

* 1982 Order of the British Empire
* 1993 National Medal
* 1994 Medal of the Order of Australia
* 2003 Member of the Order of Australia
# Addition–elimination reaction

In chemistry, an addition-elimination reaction is a two-step reaction process of an addition reaction followed by an elimination reaction. This gives an overall effect of substitution, and is the mechanism of the common nucleophilic acyl substitution often seen with esters, amides, and related structures.
Another common type of addition–elimination is the reversible reaction of amines with carbonyls to form imines in the alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution reaction, and the analogous reaction of interconversion imines with alternate amine reactants.
The hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids is also a form of addition-elimination.
# Tapio Wilska

Tapio Wilska (born 19 September 1969) is the main vocalist of the heavy metal band Sethian. He is also the ex-lead vocalist for the band Finntroll and is the current vocalist of Canadian band Obscene Eulogy. He gets his inspiration from bands like Black Sabbath, Motörhead, Dead Kennedys, Venom, Thin Lizzy and The Pixies.

## Biography

His musical career started when he was in bands like Lyijykomppania, Stray Toasters and Nattvindens Gråt with Sami Vänskä and Tuomas Holopainen (both from the then yet to be founded Nightwish) in the middle of the 1990s. He even helped Nightwish to get a record deal with Spinefarm. When Nightwish became an established name, Wilska moved on to stage technical work during their tours. His job included working on microphones, the bass and drums, and some security.
When Nightwish released their 1998 album Oceanborn, Wilska was asked to do the male vocals on the tracks "Devil and the Deep Dark Ocean" and "The Pharaoh Sails to Orion". After his appearance on Oceanborn, Wilska also performed on the song "10th Man Down" on Over the Hills and Far Away in 2001 and once again with "The Pharaoh Sails to Orion" on Nightwish's DVD From Wishes to Eternity.
After this, Wilska quit working as a roadie and started working on his own project, entitled Sethian. Once again, he got a lot of help from Nightwish, mainly Tuomas and Jukka, the latter of whom had even decided to play drums for the band. In 2003 the album Into The Silence was released.
During May 2002 Tapio was featured on the album track "Farewell" by Finnish-based doom metal band Rapture reciting lyrics for the song.
In late 2002, however, vocalist Jan "Katla" Jämsen left the band Finntroll because of a virus-based growth on his vocal cords. Wilska was asked to be the new singer, and he accepted. In 2004, he released his first full album with Finntroll called Nattfödd.
In early 2006 Wilska was fired from Finntroll due to personal differences. Very soon afterwards he joined Finnish pagan metal band Soulgrind as a bassist, and also started a new metal band Blood Royal. He has been also bassist for Survivors Zero, a Finnish death metal band since 2007.

## Discography

All of the albums Wilska appears on:
* Lyijykomppania – Uimakoulu (1993)
* Nattvindens Gråt – A Bard's Tale (1994)
* Nattvindens Gråt – Chaos Without Theory (1997)
* Wizzard – Devilmusick (1999)
* Wizzard – Songs of Sin and Damnation (2000)
* Nightwish – Oceanborn (1998)
* Nightwish – From Wishes to Eternity (2001)
* Nightwish – Over The Hills And Far Away (2001)
* Sethian – Into the Silence (2003)
* Finntroll – Visor om slutet (2003)
* Finntroll – Nattfödd (2004)
* Kylähullut – Lisää persettä rättipäille (2007)
* Soulgrind – Pakana (2007)
* Survivors Zero – CMXCIX (2007)
# Lophogastridae

Lophogastridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Lophogastrida.
Genera:
* Ceratolepis G.O.Sars, 1883
* Chalaraspidum Willemoes-Suhm, 1895
* Gnathophausia Willemoes-Suhm, 1873
* Lophogaster M.Sars, 1857
* Neognathophausia Petryashov, 1992
* Paralophogaster Hansen, 1910
* Pseudochalaraspidum Birstein & Tchindonova, 1962
* Sarsius Tonini, da Silva, Serpa Filho & Freitas, 2016
# Lazarus Clamp

Lazarus Clamp are an English band punk rock band, formed in Leicester in 1994, known for keeping a low profile and for its humorous live performances.

## History

The band's debut single "Sea Sore Songs" was released on Amberley/Cleverlegs. The band had other early releases on Bearos Records and Sorted, both Midlands-based. The band had a good relationship with the now-defunct Guildford label, Words, and Works Rejected.
Their subsequent singles ("North", "Left-handed", "Some Rivals") and the band's first two LPs (Such as you are and still not seeming to mind and The more we are the funnier it is) show a wider range of influences. In early 2008, they released a double album, Death to Technicians / It ain't what you do it's what it does to you, described by Drowned in Sound as "wonkily elaborate". In late 2009, they released the Against entitlement LP. This received positive reviews from sources including The Sunday Times and Delusions of Adequacy.

## Discography
### Singles

* "Sea Sore Songs" - 1999 (Amberley/ Cleverlegs)
* "North" - split 7-inch (Jonathan Whiskey)
* "Left-handed" - (Bearos Records)
* "Some Rivals" - split 7-inch (Sorted)
* "Don't Fence Me In" - split 7-inch (Damnably)

### LPs

* Such as you are and still not seeming to mind. LP (2001, Words and works rejected/ Cleverlegs)
* The more we are the funnier it is. CD (2004, Words and works rejected/ Cleverlegs)
* Death to technicians. CD (2008, Bearos/ Cleverlegs)
* It ain't what you do its what it does to you. Additional CD album included with initial run of 'Death to Technicians.' (2008, Bearos/ Cleverlegs)
* Against entitlement. LP/CD. (2009, Little Red Rabbit/ Cleverlegs)
* The bird is not the metaphor. LP/CD. (2015, Damnably)
# All Saints' Church, Blaby

All Saints' Church is a church in Blaby, Leicestershire. It is a Grade I listed building.

## History

The church consists of a nave, vestry, chancel, tower, spire and south aisle. The roof on the south aisle dates to 1630 and was built by Rob Biggs. The nave has a gallery with fluted pillars. It was added by Thomas Exon in c1740.
The church was renovated in 1846 by the Revd Henry James Hoskyns. The roof was then completed by Stephen Fry and the church was reopened a year later. The church then went under more work 10 years later when the tower and spire were fixed after being partially ruined since 1828. A porch was added, the windows were replaced and the chancel was restored. The spire was then rebuilt between 1900 and 1914. New stained glass and tracery were then added in 1951.
# Auriga (slave)

An auriga (plural aurigae) was a slave who drove vehicles in the Roman circuses. The position of auriga was a dangerous one as the aurigae drove with the reins wrapped around his waist. In case of accident, the auriga also wore a curved knife (falx) stuck in the waistband.
In ancient Rome, chariot racing was a favorite pastime. A successful charioteer’s prize earnings in a day could surpass a teacher’s annual earnings. Most charioteers were slaves, and many were foreigners, who entered the sport to garner fame and fortune. Aurigas were also employed as charioteers for important men. The auriga would drive a biga, the light vehicle powered by two horses, to transport some important Romans, mainly duces (military commanders). An auriga was a sort of "chauffeur" for important men and was carefully selected from among trustworthy slaves only.
It has also been speculated that this name was given to the slave who held a laurel crown, during Roman Triumphs, over the head of the dux, standing at his back but continuously whispering in his ears "Memento Mori" ("remember you are mortal") to prevent the celebrated commander from losing his sense of proportion in the excesses of the celebrations.
The term became common in later times to indicate any biga driver.
# Thaumasianthes

Thaumasianthes is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loranthaceae.
Its native range is Philippines.
Species:
# Austin Stacks Camogie Club

Austin Stacks is a camogie club that won the All-Ireland Senior Club Camogie Championship in 1971 and 1972. The club won a further Leinster championship in 1973 and the Dublin Senior Championship on 11 occasions.

## Background

The cub was formed in 1930 by Molly Heron, Violet Forde, Molly Tubbert, Rose Kelly, Rita Blake and the Fallon sisters. Molly Fitzgerald-Murphy who trained Stacks teams for many years in Herbert Park, went on to become the Leinster Council and the Dublin County Board chair.

## Other achievements

After capturing the Dublin league title from Celtic in 1965, they supplied half of the Dublin inter-county team that won the All Ireland championship, Mary Ryan, Mary Sherlock, Orla Ni Shiochain, Brigid Keenan and Anne McAllister.

## All Ireland titles

Goals from Pauline Brennan, Anne Sheehy and Rita Halpin won their first All Ireland club championship in 1971. In 1972 they were strengthened by the arrival of Liz Neary, who had already won three All-Ireland Club medals with St Paul's, and the return of Sligo-born Mary Sherlock, holder of five All-Ireland senior medals. They beat Portglenone by 4–2 to 2–0 in the final.

## Players

Notable players included Bríd Reid, Liz Neary, (later to become a Phyllis Campbell and All Ireland winning captain Doreen Rogers. Teresa Walsh (won the trophy for the best individual athlete from a full programme of 38 events at Dublin sports in 1963.

## Colours

Austin Stacks wore a navy gym tunic with yellow and green bars around the skirt with a white blouse.
# Australian Film Walk of Fame

The Australian Film Walk of Fame is a collection of plaques on the footpath outside the Ritz Cinema in the suburb of Randwick, Sydney, Australia. Formed in 2008 at the Ritz Cinema, the initiative was established to honour Australian actors and actresses for their contributions to Australian cinema.

## History

The Australian Film Walk of Fame was initially established in 2008 by Randwick City Council and the Australian Film Festival (organized by Barry Watterson) at the Randwick Ritz under the title of the 'Walk of Fame'. Recipients inducted into the Walk of Fame from 2008 to 2009 include Michael Caton, Roy Billing and Charles Tingwell.
In conjunction with the inaugural Australian Film Festival, which premiered on 24 February 2010 at Randwick Ritz cinema, the Randwick Ritz's Walk of Fame was officially renamed the Australian Film Walk of Fame.
The Australian Film Walk of Fame now initiates new members annually at the conclusion of the Australian Film Festival, in partnership with Randwick Council, the Ritz Cinema and The Spot Chamber of Commerce.

### 2010: 7 March

On 7 March 2010, the Australian Film Festival concluded with The Spot Food and Film Festival at Randwick and the induction of Steve Bisley and Claudia Karvan to the Australian Film Walk of Fame.

### 2011: 13 March

In 2011, Gary Sweet and Jack Thompson were both initiated to the Australian Film Walk of Fame.

### 2022: 28 April

The Australian Film Walk of Fame was revived after a decade with a new plaque unveiled to honour actor, writer and director Leah Purcell AM at the gala screening of The Drover's Wife: The Legend of Molly Johnson at Randwick Ritz Cinemas.

## Controversy

The title of the Australian Film Walk of Fame has been contested by Alan Black, the chairman of the Australian Walk of Fame in Tweed Heads. Black claims that the Australian Film Walk of Fame has capitalised on his Australian Walk of Fame, which includes multiple actors, sporting personalities and animals. In response to Black's criticism, Randwick Council issued a statement in defense of Watterson's Australian Film Walk of Fame, citing the fact that "There are many different 'walks of fame' already in existence, including the Surfing Walk of Fame at Maroubra Beach. The Australian Film Walk of Fame at Randwick specifically recognises home-grown acting talent and people who have made significant contributions to the Australian film industry." Randwick Council and Barry Watterson jointly own the trademark rights to the Australian Film Walk of Fame plaque design.

## Members of the Australian Film Walk of Fame

| Year of Induction | Actor/Actress |
| 2008 | Charles Tingwell |
| 2009 | Michael Caton |
| 2009 | Roy Billing |
| 2010 | Claudia Karvan |
| 2010 | Steve Bisley |
| 2011 | Gary Sweet |
| 2011 | Jack Thompson |
| 2012 | Barry Otto |
| 2012 | Deborah Mailman |
| 2022 | Leah Purcell |
| 2023 | Sigrid Thornton |
# Autism (journal)

Autism is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on autism. It is published eight times a year by SAGE Publications in association with the National Autistic Society. The journal was established in 1997 and the editor-in-chief is Sue Fletcher-Watson (University of Edinburgh).
The cover originally contained a puzzle piece but this was removed in 2018 after the journal decided that it evoked a negative public perception.

## Editors-in-chief

The following persons are or have been editor-in-chief:
* Rita Jordan (University of Birmingham, 1997–2006)
* Patricia Howlin (Institute of Psychiatry, 1997–2007)
* Dermot M. Bowler (City, University of London, 2006–2012)
* David Mandell (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 2012–2022)
* Sue Fletcher-Watson (University of Edinburgh, 2022–present)

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
* CINAHL
* CSA databases
* Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences
* EBSCO databases
* Education Resources Information Center
* Embase
* FRANCIS
* Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
* PASCAL
* ProQuest databases
* PsycINFO
* Social Sciences Citation Index
* Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.684.