OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal

Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal is a nonfiction work by science author Mary Roach, published in April 2013 by W.W. Norton & Company.

## Topics covered

The book covers 17 topics:
* Nose Job: Tasting has little to do with taste
* I'll Have the Putrescine: Your pet is not like you.
* Liver and Opinions: Why we eat what we eat and despise the rest
* The Longest Meal: Can thorough chewing lower the national debt?
* Hard to Stomach: The acid relationship of William Beaumont and Alexis St. Martin.
* Spit Gets a Polish: Someone ought to bottle the stuff
* A Bolus of Cherries: Life at the oral processing lab
* Big Gulp: How to survive being swallowed alive
* Dinner's Revenge: Can the eaten eat back?
* Stuffed: The science of eating yourself to death
* Up Theirs: The alimentary canal as criminal accomplice
* Inflammable You: Fun with hydrogen and methane
* Dead Man's Bloat: And other diverting tales from the history of flatulence research.
* Smelling a Rat: Does noxious flatus do more than clear a room?
* Eating Backward: Is the digestive tract a two-way street?
* I'm All Stopped Up: Elvis Presley's megacolon, and other ruminations on death by constipation.
* The Ick Factor: We can cure you, but there's just one thing

## Reviews

* Maslin, Janet (April 4, 2013). Food and You, From One End to the Other. Books of the Times (The New York Times). Retrieved June 1, 2013.
* Publishers Weekly. (January 21, 2013) Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal Starred Review (Publishers Weekly.) Retrieved June 1, 2013.
# Gun shield

A gun shield is a flat (or sometimes curved) piece of armor designed to be mounted on a crew-served weapon such as a machine gun, automatic grenade launcher, or artillery piece.

## Military

Some mounted machine guns and artillery pieces are equipped with metal armor plates to protect the gunners from small arms fire and shrapnel from explosions. They were fitted to some armored fighting vehicles and patrol boats during the Vietnam War.
Gun shields fell out of widespread use after the Vietnam war, but they have seen a resurgence in popularity during the 1980s and 1990s. Israeli military analysts began urging the use of gun shields, pointing to the grave risk to soldiers exposed to fire from automatic weapons. In particular, it was noted that many casualties were hit in areas not protected by body armor or a helmet, such as the neck or face.
The United States Armed Forces began using gun shields in the early 21st century during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The major drawback of gun shields is that they limit the visibility of the user to the front, though new designs such as the Transparent Armor Gun Shield (TAGS for short) aim to alleviate this without sacrificing user protection.

## Gun-shield from the armoury of Henry VIII

There are 46 surviving examples originally from the armoury of Henry VIII at the Palace of Westminster, the Tower of London and other Royal sites. Eight gun-shields have been found on the wreck of the Mary Rose. They have been thought to be Italian in origin, as they were offered to Henry VIII in a letter of 1544 from a painter of Ravenna named Giovanbattista.
There are two distinct types of gun-shield: one of Italian manufacture and one an English version of heavier construction. There is evidence to suggest that the English gun-shields were converted from plain targets. At least two unconverted examples have been located.
# Guotie

Guotie could refer to:
* Guotie (Chinese: 锅贴, pinyin: guōtiē), a northern Chinese style dumpling
* China Railway (Chinese: 国铁, pinyin: guótiě)
# 1960 Oregon Ducks football team

The 1960 Oregon Ducks football team represented the University of Oregon as an independent during the 1960 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach Len Casanova, the Ducks compiled a 7–3–1 record and outscored their opponents, 206 to 130. The team played home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon and Multnomah Stadium in Portland, Oregon.
Days before the team would play their game against the University of Michigan, some key fixers in David Budin and Frank Rosenthal would get caught trying and failing to bribe halfback Michael "Mickey" Bruce to join in on what later became known as the 1961 NCAA University Division men's basketball gambling scandal by offering Bruce thousands of dollars for certain stipulations at hand, including recruiting his fellow teammate in quarterback Dave Grosz to join him in the scheme also, with a hundred dollars being given to Bruce per week for the entire season afterward had he accepted the offer in order to keep the gamblers informed in the team's physical status throughout the season. However, due to the bribers being caught in their attempt to rig college football games alongside college basketball games, the game would continue as planned with no rigging involved (though Bruce would later testify against the fixers in court in order to maintain his innocence).
The team's statistical leaders included Dave Grosz with 910 passing yards, Dave Grayson with 631 rushing yards, and Cleveland Jones with 402 receiving yards.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 17 | 1:30 p.m. | Idaho | | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | W 33–6 | 13,200 |
| September 24 | | at Michigan | | Michigan StadiumAnn Arbor, MI | L 0–21 | 48,021 |
| October 1 | | at Utah | | Ute StadiumSalt Lake City, UT | W 20–17 | |
| October 8 | | San Jose State | | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | W 33–0 | |
| October 15 | | Washington State | | Hayward FieldEugene, OR | W 21–12 | 18,500 |
| October 22 | | at California | | California Memorial StadiumBerkeley, CA | W 20–0 | 35,000 |
| October 29 | | at No. 9 Washington | | Husky StadiumSeattle, WA (rivalry) | L 6–7 | 55,235 |
| November 5 | | Stanford | | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR | W 27–6 | |
| November 12 | | West Virginia | | Multnomah StadiumPortland, OR | W 20–6 | 11,864 |
| November 19 | | at Oregon State | No. 19 | Parker StadiumCorvallis, OR (Civil War) | T 14–14 | 27,009 |
| December 17 | | vs. No. 16 Penn State | | Philadelphia Municipal StadiumPhiladelphia, PA (Liberty Bowl) | L 12–41 | 16,697 |
| Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the gameAll times are in Pacific time ||||||||
# KNNA

KNNA may refer to:
* KNNA-FM, a radio station (99.1 FM) licensed to serve Nenana, Alaska, United States
* KNNA-LP, a radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to serve Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
# Jiwan Singh Umranangal

Jiwan Singh Umranangal (1914-1998) was an Indian politician belonging to the Akali Dal. He served as the revenue minister of Punjab.
Jiwan Singh was born in 1914, in the Dhaliwal Bet village of the Kapurthala district. He passed matriculation from the Kapurthala High School. Originally an agriculturalist by profession, he adopted politics as a career in 1952, becoming a member of the Akali Dal. He became a sarpanch and a nambardar (village head) of his native village Umra Nangal. He later served as the General Secretary of Akali Dal, and ultimately became the party's Vice President.
Jiwan Singh was elected to the Punjab Legislative Assembly in 1968, 1977 and 1980. He served as the Revenue Minister under Gurnam Singh in 1968 and as Finance Minister under Parkash Singh Badal in 1977. He won the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) elections three times, and served on its executive committee for 12 years. In the 1979 SGPC election, he defeated the AISSF president Amrik Singh, who was backed by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. He became a close associate of the senior Akali leader Fateh Singh.
Jiwan Singh took a strong stand against the pro-Khalistan militants. In 1986, he embarked on a door-to-door campaign in the Majha region, meeting the families of the militants and asking for their help in persuading the militants to give up the violence. He also launched a 45-day padayatra, visiting those who had moved out of Punjab due to the violence, and convinced them to return. In retaliation, the militants killed his son Sukhdev Singh Umranangal on 8 May 1987.
He accused the SGPC of having failed to stop the intolerance and the hate campaigns in the community. He then left Akali Dal because of its leaders' ambiguous stand on the militant violence, and set up his own party "Jagat Akali Dal" on 21 January 1992. He later merged his party back into Akali Dal in February 1998.
Jiwan Singh was awarded Padma Bhushan (1991) and the National Amity Award (1996) by the Government of India. He also received the Maharana Partap Award in 1987. He died at the age of 84 at a hospital in Beas. He is the grandfather of Paramraj Singh Umranangal, a senior IPS Officer of the Punjab Cadre, who has been awarded the Medal for Gallantry services, twice for his fight against terrorism. He has also been awarded with the Police medal for his meritorious services to the nation.
# Gray energy

Grey energy may refer to:
* Energy produced from fossil fuels, a usage appearing in conjunction with the Regulating Energy Tax in the Netherlands
* Embodied energy, the total energy used to make something
* The term "grey energy" (or "gray energy") refers to energy produced from polluting sources as a contrast to green energy from renewable, non-polluting sources.
# Halgerda formosa

Halgerda formosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Discodorididae.

## Distribution

This species was described from a specimen collected on the island of Réunion, Indian Ocean. It has subsequently been rediscovered there and on Mauritius.
# 2010 Kyrgyzstan League

The 2010 Kyrgyzstan League was the 19th season since the establishment of the Kyrgyzstan League. The season began on March 27 and ended in November 2010.

## Clubs

The following nine clubs were to play in Kyrgyzstan League during the 2010 season. Only 5 clubs played in the previous season.
* Abdysh-Ata (Kant)
* FC Ak-Zhol (Aravan) $^1$
* FC Alay (Osh) $^2$
* Alga (Bishkek)
* Dordoi-Dynamo (Naryn)
* FC Khimik Kara-Balta (Kara-Balta)
* FC Neftchi Kochkor-Ata (Kochkor-Ata)
* Sher-Ak-Dan (Bishkek)
* Zhashtyk Ak Altyn Kara-Suu (Kara-Suu) $^1$
$^1$ Withdrew after political developments in April. $^2$ Apparently withdrew as well.

## Format

Nine clubs played a two-round-robin system to decide the top four teams who will again play home-and-away to decide the winner. There was an intention to play a third round-robin, but this was cancelled.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| 1 | Neftchi Kochkor-Ata | 20 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 36 | 14 | +22 | 43 | 2011 AFC President's Cup |
| 2 | Dordoi-Dynamo | 20 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 43 | 18 | +25 | 42 | |
| 3 | Abdish-Ata Kant | 20 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 63 | 21 | +42 | 39 | |
| 4 | Alga Bishkek | 20 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 26 | 33 | −7 | 22 | |
| 5 | Sher Bishkek | 20 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 19 | 58 | −39 | 15 | |
| 6 | Khimik Kara-Balta | 20 | 1 | 3 | 16 | 8 | 57 | −49 | 6 | |
| 7 | Ak-Zhol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Withdrew |
| 8 | Alay Osh | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Withdrew |
| 9 | Zhashtyk Ak Altyn Karasuu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Withdrew |
* Kyrgyzstan League 2010 winner
* FC Neftchi Kochkor-Ata 1st title
# Fort Chilcotin

Fort Chilcotin was a short-lived Hudson's Bay Company trading post, located at the confluence of the Chilko and Chilcotin Rivers, British Columbia, Canada. It operated between 1836 and 1844. A commercial failure due to the lack of interest in the company merchandise shown by the Tsilhqot'in people, its operations were moved north to Fort Kluskus in Dakelh Territory. Today, the site where the fort once stood is colloquially known as "Hudson's Bay Flats" - remembered particularly by the Tsilhqot'in (via oral history) as the site where, during the Chilcotin War, Lhats'as?in and the other Tsilhqot'in war chiefs were wrongfully arrested under a flag of truce for murder.
# Jeremy Rolleston

Jeremy Rolleston (born 13 December 1972) is an Australian sportsman who played rugby professionally before changing to bobsleigh. He competed for Australia from 1999 to 2006, then returned in 2008 to prepare to compete in the 2010 Winter Olympics. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he finished 22nd in the two-man event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.
Rolleston also finished 31st in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships 2005 in Calgary.
He is the author of "A Life That Counts".
# Kōichi Kinoshita

Kōichi Kinoshita (木下 浩一, Kinoshita Kōichi, August 29, 1967) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 7-dan.

## Early life, amateur shogi and apprenticeship

Kinoshita was born in Nagano Prefecture on August 29, 1967. As a junior high school student, he won the 3rd All-Japan Junior High School Student Invitational Shogi Tournament [ja] in 1982, and later that same year entered the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 6-kyū under the guidance of shogi professional Shigeyuki Matsuda [ja]. He was promoted to apprentice professional 1-dan in 184, and obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in 1988.

## Shogi professional

In March 2009, Kinoshita declared his intention to the Japan Shogi Association to become a Free Class player as of April 2009.

### Promotion history

The promotion history for Kinoshita is as follows:
* 6-kyū: 1982
* 1-dan: 1984
* 4-dan: April 1, 1988
* 5-dan: June 8, 1993
* 6-dan: February 19, 2001
* 7-dan: April 1, 2017

### Awards and honors

Kinoshita received the Japan Shogi Association's "25 Years Service Award" in 2012 for being an active professional for 25 years.
# 1996 NCAA Division II lacrosse tournament

The 1996 NCAA Division II Lacrosse Championship was the 12th annual tournament to determine the national champions of NCAA Division II men's college lacrosse in the United States.
The final, and only match of the tournament, was played at C.W. Post Stadium at C.W. Post College in Brookville, New York.
Hosts C.W. Post defeated defending champions Adelphi in the championship game, 15–10, to claim the Pioneers' first Division II national title.

## Bracket

| Championship | Championship |
| Adelphi | 10 |
| C.W. Post | 15 |
# Hanni Ehlers

Hanni Ehlers (born 2 August 1954, Eutin) is a German translator known for translating English and Dutch literature into German.

## Career

Ehlers has translated books written by numerous Dutch authors, including Renate Dorrestein, Guus Kuijer, Joke van Leeuwen, Connie Palmen and Els Pelgrom. Other authors include Carli Biessels, Jessica Durlacher, Anna Enquist, Nelleke Noordervliet and Leon de Winter.
In 2006, she received the Else-Otten-Übersetzerpreis for her translation Ganz der Ihre of Connie Palmen's book Geheel de uwe.
In 2013, Dutch author Joke van Leeuwen received the James Krüss Preis für internationale Kinder- und Jugendliteratur for her work together with Ehlers and translator Mirjam Pressler.

## Awards

* 2006: Else-Otten-Übersetzerpreis, Ganz der Ihre (German translation of Geheel de uwe by Connie Palmen)
* 2013: James Krüss Preis für internationale Kinder- und Jugendliteratur (together with Joke van Leeuwen and Mirjam Pressler)
# Lake Hill, New York

Lake Hill is a hamlet in the northwestern part of the town of Woodstock, Ulster County, New York, United States. The community is located along New York State Route 212 13.7 miles (22.0 km) northwest of Kingston. Lake Hill has a post office with ZIP code 12448, which opened on January 10, 1854.
# Lago Rosario

Lago Rosario is a village and municipality in Chubut Province in southern Argentina.

## History

Rosario Lago was the name given to Luis Jorge Fontana, the first governor of the territory of Chubut in 1885, during the exploration of Chubut Riflemen. Its name comes from nearby Lago Rosario.
On April 30, 1902 the inhabitants of the Colony October 16, mostly Welsh, voted for which governments of Argentina and Chile to resolve a conflict of limits within the region.
The first settlers were the families Cheuquehuala and Millahuala. In 1937 the Amaya brothers caused the eviction of the Aboriginal Reserve of Nahuelpan (G. Devera : 1999. Report of Smoke, Trevelin : Municipal Directorate of Culture), about 30 km north of Lake Rosario, where more than 300 people were banished to in 1908. Which resulted in several of these evicted families to migrate to Lake Rosario.
# Hame

Hame or hames may refer to:

## Places

* Häme, a geographical region of Finland
* Häme (constituency), a Finnish constituency represented in the Parliament of Finland
* Häme Province, a former province of Finland
* Hame, Debar, a village in North Macedonia

## People

* Hamé (born 1975), French filmmaker and rapper
* Hame Faiva (born 1994), New Zealand-born Italian rugby union player
* Hame Sele (born 1996), Australian rugby league footballer

## Other uses

* Antidesma platyphyllum, a species of flowering tree in the leafflower family
* Hame, a fictional planet in Isaac Asimov's Foundation series; see Trantor
* Hames, part of a horse collar; see Horse harness § Parts
# 1996 Rhode Island Rams football team

The 1996 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island in the Yankee Conference during the 1996 NCAA Division I-AA football season. In their fourth season under head coach Floyd Keith, the Rams compiled a 4–6 record (2–5 against conference opponents) and finished fourth in the New England Division of the Yankee Conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| August 31 | American International* | No. 23 | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | W 49–3 | 3,719 |
| September 7 | William & Mary | No. 22 | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | L 16–23 | 2,131 |
| September 14 | New Hampshire | | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | L 26–35 | 2,570 |
| September 21 | at Maine | | Alumni StadiumOrono, ME | L 19–58 | 3,525 |
| September 28 | Brown* | | Meade StadiumKingston, RI (rivalry) | W 28–13 | 3,750 |
| October 5 | UMass | | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | W 41–21 | 5,390 |
| October 19 | at No. 24 Connecticut | | Memorial StadiumStorrs, CT | Cancelled | |
| October 26 | Boston University | | Meade StadiumKingston, RI | W 38–7 | 5,000 |
| November 2 | at No. 16 Villanova | | Villanova StadiumVillanova, PA | L 16–34 | 7,648 |
| November 16 | at No. 13 Delaware | | Delaware StadiumNewark, DE | L 27–43 | 14,341 |
| November 23 | at Hofstra* | | James M. Shuart StadiumHempstead, NY | L 0–21 | 2,451 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecomingRankings from The Sports Network Poll released prior to the game |||||||
# Hamfelde, Stormarn

Hamfelde is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Hanerau-Hademarschen

Hanerau-Hademarschen is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated near the Kiel Canal, approx. 25 km southwest of Rendsburg.
Hanerau-Hademarschen was until 2008 the seat of the Amt ("collective municipality") Hanerau-Hademarschen. Now the seat of the Amt is Hohenwestedt which is outside the area of Hanerau-Hademarschen.

## Notable people

* Theodor Storm (1817–1888), German writer (1880–1888 in Hademarschen)
* Ingo Kühl (* 1953), German painter, sculptor and architect (1964–1973 in Hademarschen)
# Hans-Joachim Heyer

Hans-Joachim Heyer (20 April 1922 – 9 November 1942) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Hans-Joachim Heyer was shot down near Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union on 9 November 1942. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross on 25 November 1942. During his career he was credited with 53 aerial victories, all of them on the Eastern Front.

## Awards

* Flugzeugführerabzeichen
* Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold
* Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (20 July 1942)
* Iron Cross (1939)
** 2nd Class (7 July 1941)
** 1st Class (30 November 1941)
* Wound Badge (1939)
** in Black (10 September 1942)
* German Cross in Gold on 4 August 1942 as Leutnant in the III./Jagdgeschwader 54
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 25 November 1942 as Leutnant and Flugzeugführer (pilot) in the III./Jagdgeschwader 54
# Lake Owen, Wisconsin

Lake Owen is an unincorporated community in the town of Drummond, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. Lake Owen is located on the western shore of Lake Owen 20.7 miles (33.3 km) north-northeast of Hayward. The community is likely named for John Owen, a founder of the Rust-Owen Lumber Company, and a director of the Drummond & Southwestern Railroad.
# Hammond Township

Hammond Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Hammond Township, Polk County, Minnesota
* Hammond Township, Spencer County, Indiana
# Hans Haym

Hans Haym (29 November 1860 – 15 February 1921) was a German conductor of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As musical director in the town of Elberfeld he championed the works of the then unknown English composer Frederick Delius before that composer's works were heard in his native country.

## Biography

Haym was born in Halle. He was educated at the universities of Jena and Tübingen, where he studied philosophy and classical philology. After graduating, he studied music in Munich, including classes in composition, the piano, organ and singing.
Haym succeeded Julius Buths as conductor of the Concert Society, or Elberfelder Concertgesellchaft, in 1890. On 17 December 1892 he programmed works of Beethoven, the Kantate auf den Tod Kaiser Josephs II (cantata in memory of Joseph II), his Piano Concerto No. 5 and his Ninth Symphony, with soloists Julia Uzielli, Jenny Hahn, Franz Naval and Anton Sistermans. Despite the conservative tastes of his audiences he programmed new music when he could, including early performances of Richard Strauss's Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks in 1895 and Delius's Over the hills and far away (under its German title Über die Berge in die Ferne) in 1897 and his Paris: The Song of a Great City in 1899. He introduced Delius's music to Buths, who had gone from Elberfeld to the more important musical directorship of Düsseldorf. Buths, who was later an early exponent of Elgar's music, also became an admirer of Delius's work.
Haym also introduced Delius's music to Fritz Cassirer, musical director of the Stadttheater, Elberfeld, where Delius's opera Koanga was premiered in 1904. At about this time, Haym fell ill and was obliged to convalesce in the Tirol.
Haym hoped to be appointed to the more prestigious musical directorship of Strasbourg, but was unsuccessful. At Elberfeld, Haym and his orchestra attracted leading musicians to appear with them, including Raoul Pugno, Eugène Ysaÿe, Pablo Casals, Ferruccio Busoni and Artur Schnabel. He retired from the musical directorship in 1920 and died in Elberfeld at the age of 60 on 15 February 1921.
# Lakona

Lakona may refer to:
* Lakon or Lakona, a language spoken on Gaua island in Vanuatu
* Lakona Bay, a bay on the western coast of Gaua island in Vanuatu (where Lakon is spoken)
* Lakona of Oahu, a king
* Laakona or Lakona, Prince of Oahu, brother of Nuakea