OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dan Lewis (footballer)

Daniel Lewis (11 December 1902 – 1965) was a Welsh football goalkeeper, who is most notable for his time playing for Arsenal. He kept goal for Arsenal in the 1927 FA Cup Final where a mistake by him saw Cardiff City win the cup.

## Playing career

Born in Maerdy, Glamorgan, Lewis first played for local clubs, before moving to London and joining Clapton Orient. He also worked as a coal miner. His move to the big time came in 1924 when he joined First Division Arsenal. He made his debut for the Gunners on 15 November 1924 against Everton; Arsenal won 3–2 and Lewis remained for the next thirteen games. However, after letting in five in a match at home to Huddersfield Town on 14 February 1925, Lewis was dropped.
After Herbert Chapman arrived as Arsenal manager in 1925, Lewis shared goalkeeping duties with Jock Robson and Bill Harper, but Lewis gradually became the club's No. 1, particularly after Robson and Harper left in 1926 and 1927 respectively. He won his first cap for Wales in a 3–3 draw against England on 12 February 1927. In all he won three caps, the last of which was a 6–0 defeat by England at Stamford Bridge on 20 November 1929.
Lewis was the Arsenal goalkeeper in the 1927 FA Cup Final against Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium; it was the Gunners' first Cup final. In the 74th minute, Cardiff striker Hughie Ferguson hit a tame shot straight at Lewis, who dived down to make what should have been a comfortable save. However, Lewis fumbled the ball as he gathered it, and it slipped between his body and the crook of his elbow; Lewis turned around and tried in vain to reclaim the ball but only succeeded in knocking it with his elbow into the back of the net. Cardiff won the match 1–0, the only time a Welsh club has won the FA Cup. Lewis blamed his brand new jersey for the error, saying the wool was too greasy for him to grip the ball properly; since then, according to club legend, no Arsenal goalkeeper has played in a New Jersey before it is washed first.
Lewis continued to play as Arsenal's regular goalkeeper for the next three seasons. However, when they reached Wembley for their second Cup final in 1930, Lewis was injured in Arsenal's 6-6 semifinal tie with Leicester City. He missed the final and needed major surgery on his knee. He never fully recovered from this which effectively finished his football career. Arsenal, with Charlie Preedy in goal, beat Huddersfield 2–0 to claim their first major trophy.
Lewis hardly featured at all the following season, particularly after the signings of Bill Harper (for a second spell on a goalkeeper record fee of £4000) and Gerard Keizer. He was transferred to Gillingham in May 1931. In all he played 169 matches for Arsenal.
Lewis played only six times for Gillingham and apparently retired from professional football soon after. He died in 1965, at the age of 62.

## Honours

Arsenal
* FA Cup runner-up: 1926–27
# Edward Montgomery

Edward Mongtomery may refer to:
* Ed Montgomery (musician) (born 1952), American gospel musician
* Edward S. Montgomery (1910–1992), 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
* Edward B. Montgomery (born 1955), former U.S. Deputy Secretary of Labor and economist
* Edward Montgomery (Australian politician) (1906–1986), Victorian state MP
* Edward William Montgomery (1865–1948), Canadian cabinet minister
* Eddie Montgomery, musician with Montgomery Gentry
# Efficiency ratio

The efficiency ratio indicates the expenses as a percentage of revenue (expenses / revenue), with a few variations – it is essentially how much a corporation or individual spends to make a dollar; entities are supposed to attempt minimizing efficiency ratios (reducing expenses and increasing earnings). The concept typically applies to banks. It relates to operating leverage, which measures the ratio between fixed costs and variable costs.
Efficiency means the extent to which cash is generated over time and relative to other enterprises. Efficiency ratios for a given year may therefore be used to determine whether an enterprise has generated enough cash in relation to other years and in relation to other institutions (Koen and Oberholster, 1999). For measuring efficiency can be used receivable collection period ratio.

## Formula

    Efficiency = ⁠input/ output⁠
If expenses are $60 and revenue is $80 (perhaps net of interest revenue/expense) the efficiency ratio is 0.75 or 75% (60/80) – meaning that $0.75 are spent for every dollar earned in revenue.

### An example

Citigroup, Inc. (2003):
* Revenues, net of interest expense: 77,442
* Operating expenses: 39,168
That makes the efficiency ratio = ⁠39,168/77,442⁠ = 0.51 or 51%.
If "benefits, claims, and credit losses", for 11,941, are added to operating expenses, the efficiency ratio worsens to ⁠51,109/77,442⁠ = 0.66
# 1946 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team

The 1946 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1946 college football season. In its second year under head coach Red Jarrett, the team compiled a 5–3 record (2–2 against NCC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 137 to 110. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| September 13 | at Bemidji State* | Bemidji, MN | W 25–0 | |
| September 20 | Luther* | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | W 12–6 | |
| September 27 | St. Thomas (MN)* | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | W 13–6 | 6,000 |
| October 4 | Augustana (SD) | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND | W 20–6 | |
| October 11 | South Dakota | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND (rivalry) | W 21–6 | |
| October 19 | North Dakota Agricultural | Memorial StadiumGrand Forks, ND (rivalry) | L 0–31 | 8,000 |
| November 2 | at Morningside | Sioux City, IA | L 39–41 | 2,000 |
| November 9 | at Bradley* | Peoria, IL | L 7–14 | 6,000 |
| *Non-conference gameHomecoming ||||||
# ACEC

ACEC may refer to:
* Advisory Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, a branch of the International Electrotechnical Commission
* American Council of Engineering Companies, a representative of America's engineering industry
* Area of Critical Environmental Concern, a program managed by the Bureau of Land Management
** Area of Critical Environmental Concern (Massachusetts), a state level land protection program in Massachusetts
* Australian Computers in Education Conference, a conference held by the Australian Council for Computers in Education every two years
* SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi, Belgian electrical engineering company founded in 1904, defunct 1989
# 7th Parliament of Elizabeth I

Parliaments of England 1558–1601 :
| Parliament | Date |
| 1st Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1558/9 |
| 2nd Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1562/3 |
| 3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1571 |
| 4th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1572 |
| 5th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1584 |
| 6th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1586 |
| 7th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1589 |
| 8th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1593 |
| 9th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1597 |
| 10th Parliament of Elizabeth I | 1601 |
List of parliaments of England :
vte :
The 7th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I was summoned by Queen Elizabeth I of England on 18 September 1588 and assembled on 4 February 1589.
Originally summoned in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada in August 1588, the opening was delayed by Elizabeth as long as possible to avoid the inevitable debates on religious reform and foreign policy which she considered her own private prerogative. At the opening of Parliament on 4 February Sir Christopher Hatton, the Lord Chancellor, ordered the assembled Houses of Lords and Commons on behalf of the Queen to steer clear of debate on religious affairs. A Serjeant-at-Law, Sir Thomas Snagge, MP for Bedford, was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons.
Bills aimed at curbing abuses in the Exchequer and by purveyors were quashed by royal intervention. In spite of opposition to the unprecedented request for a double subsidy to deal with the threat from Spain, the subsidy was approved and there was even a joint petition from both houses to formally declare war on that country.
By the dissolution on 29 March 1589 a total of sixteen public and eight private bills had been passed into law.

## Notable acts of the Parliament

* Common Informers Act 1588
* Simony Act 1588
* Erection of Cottages Act 1588
* Forcible Entry Act 1588
* Sale of Horses Act 1588
# Eritrea national under-15 football team

The Eritrea national under-15 football team represents Eritrea in tournaments and friendly matches at the under-15 level. The team hosted the first-ever CECAFA U-15 Championship in 2019.

## Competitive record

CECAFA U-15 Championship :
| Year | Round | Position | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| 2019 | Group Stage | 3rd in Group A | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| Total | 0 Titles | 0/1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
# Eupithecia cuprearia

Eupithecia cuprearia is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by E. Dukinfield Jones in 1921. It is found in Brazil.
# Homology, Homotopy and Applications

Homology, Homotopy and Applications is a peer-reviewed delayed open access mathematics journal published by International Press. It was established in 1999 and covers research on algebraic topology. The journal "Homology, Homotopy and Applications" has been founded in 1998 by Hvedri Inassaridze, Head of the Algebra Department of A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Tbilisi State University, Georgia. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2011 MCQ was 0.55, and according to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2015 impact factor of 0.486, with a 5-year impact factor for that year of 0.654.
Formerly completely open access, the journal has switched to a delayed open access model. Volume are made open access 4 years after their issue year. International Press says it "reserves the right to change its online access policy at any time."
# Daniel Boyd

Daniel Boyd may refer to:
* Daniel Montgomery Boyd (1826–1899), Pennsylvanian industrialist
* Daniel Patrick Boyd (born 1970), American accused of leading a jihadist terrorist cell
* Daniel Boyd (artist) (born 1982), Australian artist
* Daniel Boyd (filmmaker) (born 1956), American filmmaker, author, and communications professor
* Danny Boyd (born 1978), former professional football placekicker and current school music instructor
# A. R. Wright

A. R. Wright may refer to:
* Augustus Romaldus Wright (1813–1891), American politician, lawyer and Confederate colonel
* A. R. Wright (folklorist) (1862–1932), British folklorist, anthropologist and civil servant
# 7th Parliament of Lower Canada

The 7th Parliament of Lower Canada was in session from December 12, 1810, to March 22, 1814. Elections to the Legislative Assembly in Lower Canada had been held in March 1810. All sessions were held at Quebec City.
| Riding | Member |
| Bedford | Alexis Desbleds |
| Buckinghamshire | François Legendre |
| Buckinghamshire | Jean-Baptiste Hébert |
| Cornwallis | Joseph Le Vasseur Borgia |
| Cornwallis | Joseph Robitaille |
| Devon | Jean-Baptiste Fortin |
| Devon | François Bernier |
| Dorchester | Pierre Langlois |
| Dorchester | John Caldwell |
| | Jean-Thomas Taschereau (1812) |
| Effingham | Joseph Malboeuf, dit Beausoleil |
| Effingham | Joseph Meunier |
| Gaspé | George Pyke |
| Hampshire | François-Xavier Larue |
| Hampshire | François Huot |
| Hertford | François Blanchet |
| Hertford | Étienne-Ferréol Roy |
| Huntingdon | Jean-Antoine Panet |
| Huntingdon | Edme Henry |
| Kent | Louis-Joseph Papineau |
| Kent | Pierre-Dominique Debartzch |
| Leinster | Jacques Archambault |
| Leinster | Denis-Benjamin Viger |
| Montreal County | Jean-Baptiste Durocher |
| | James Stuart (1811) |
| Montreal County | Louis Roy Portelance |
| Montreal East | Stephen Sewell |
| Montreal East | Joseph Papineau |
| Montreal West | Étienne Nivard Saint-Dizier |
| Montreal West | Archibald Norman McLeod |
| Northumberland | Joseph Drapeau |
| | Augustin Caron (1811) |
| Northumberland | Thomas Lee |
| Orléans | Charles Blouin |
| Quebec County | Louis Gauvreau |
| Quebec County | Jean-Baptiste Bédard |
| Quebec (Lower Town) | Pierre Bruneau |
| Quebec (Lower Town) | John Mure |
| Quebec (Upper Town) | Claude Dénéchau |
| Quebec (Upper Town) | James Irvine |
| Richelieu | Louis Bourdages |
| Richelieu | Hyacinthe-Marie Simon, dit Delorme |
| Saint-Maurice | François Caron |
| Saint-Maurice | Michel Caron |
| Surrey | Pierre-Stanislas Bédard |
| | Pierre Amiot (1813) |
| Surrey | Joseph Bédard |
| Trois-Rivières | Thomas Coffin |
| Trois-Rivières | Mathew Bell |
| Warwick | Louis Olivier |
| Warwick | James Cuthbert |
| | Ross Cuthbert (1812) |
| William-Henry | Edward Bowen |
| | Jacob Pozer (1812) |
| York | Pierre Saint-Julien |
| York | François Bellet |
# Lomé I

Lomé I, named later Déma Club de Lomé was a professional Togolese football club based in Lomé. It was founded in 1974 as part of the sports reform of the Togolese Football Federation by merging Étoile Filante de Lomé, Modèle de Lomé and Dynamic Togolais. In 1978, the club was dissolved as part of the second sport reform. Their home stadium was Stade Général Eyadema.

## Honours

* Togolese Championnat National: 3
       1974, 1975, 1976
# Agency for New Americans

The Agency for New Americans (ANA) is the arm of the Episcopal Migration Ministries (EMM) in Boise, Idaho, which serves the primary and secondary enculturation needs of refugees. It is part of Jannus, Inc., formerly the Mountain States Group (a community-based, private non-profit corporation with 501(c)(3) status), and has operated under contract with, and under the aegis of, the VOLAG EMM in Boise since its establishment in October 1996.
ANA provides direct resettlement services to Boise area refugees, including case management, employment development and placement, support services (including "cultural ambassadors," interpretation, translation and English tutoring) and other leveraged community integration services in order to enable refugees to establish their own economic self-sufficiency and social integration.
ANA's current clientele hails largely from Iraq, Afghanistan, Congo, Myanmar, Bhutan, Somalia, and Uzbekistan.
# Eupithecia lineosa

Eupithecia lineosa is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in India (Kashmir), Nepal and Pakistan.
# 2007–08 Cádiz CF season

The 2007–08 season was the 98th season in the history of Cádiz CF and the club's second consecutive in the second division of Spanish football. In addition to the domestic league, Cádiz participated in this season's edition of the Copa del Rey.

## Competitions
### Overall record

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record | Record |
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Segunda División | 25 August 2007 | 15 June 2008 | Matchday 1 | 20th | 42 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 40 | 47 | −7 | 028.57 |
| Copa del Rey | 5 September 2007 | 10 October 2007 | Second round | Third round | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | +0 | 050.00 |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | 44 | 13 | 13 | 18 | 45 | 52 | −7 | 029.55 |
Source: Competitions

### Segunda División
#### League table

| Pos | Teamvte | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 18 | Córdoba | 42 | 11 | 17 | 14 | 50 | 56 | −6 | 50 | |
| 19 | Racing Ferrol (R) | 42 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 46 | 51 | −5 | 50 | Relegation to Segunda División B |
| 20 | Cádiz (R) | 42 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 40 | 47 | −7 | 49 | Relegation to Segunda División B |
| 21 | Granada 74 (R) | 42 | 10 | 15 | 17 | 45 | 59 | −14 | 45 | Relegation to Segunda División B |
| 22 | Poli Ejido (R) | 42 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 37 | 54 | −17 | 44 | Relegation to Segunda División B |
* 1 2 RFE 0–1 CÓR; CÓR 1–0 RFE

#### Results summary

| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
Source: Segunda División

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | W | L | W | D | L | L | L | L | D | L | W | W | D | L | W | D | W | W | L | W | L | L | D | D | W | D | D | L | W | L | D | L | W | W | L | L | D | L | L | D | D | D |
| Position | 6 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 20 |
# ABS-CBN (disambiguation)

ABS-CBN is one of the largest television networks in the Philippines.
ABS-CBN may also refer to:
# Egon Rannet

Egon Rannet (until 1940 Eugen/Jevgeni Brükke; 29 November 1911 – 1 November 1983) was a Soviet and Estonian writer, playwright and screenwriter. Many of his works were affected by socialist realism.
He was born in Tallinn. In the 1930s he was a member of Vaps Movement. During World War II he was in Soviet military service. Since 1947 he was a professional writer.

## Works

* novel "Kivid ja leib" (I 1972, II 1985, III 1992, IV 1996)
* short story "Tugevate tee" (1954)
* short story "Kilde Taani-reisilt" (1960)
# El Bañado, Valle Viejo

El Bañado (Valle Viejo) is a municipality in Catamarca Province in northwestern Argentina. It is located within the Greater San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca area.
# 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group A

Group A of the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament was one of the twelve groups to decide the teams which qualified for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations finals tournament. The group consisted of four teams: Senegal, Equatorial Guinea, Sudan, and Madagascar (winners of the preliminary round).
The teams played against each other in home-and-away round-robin format between June 2017 and March 2019.
Senegal and Madagascar, the group winners and runners-up respectively, qualified for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations.

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification | | | | |
| 1 | Senegal | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 2 | +10 | 16 | Final tournament | — | 2–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Madagascar | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 10 | Final tournament | 2–2 | — | 1–0 | 1–3 |
| 3 | Equatorial Guinea | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 7 | −2 | 6 | | 0–1 | 0–1 | — | 1–0 |
| 4 | Sudan | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 13 | −8 | 3 | | 0–1 | 1–3 | 1–4 | — |

## Goalscorers

There were 30 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 2.5 goals per match.
3 goals
* Emilio Nsue
* Faneva Imà Andriatsima
* M'Baye Niang
2 goals
* Carolus Andriamatsinoro
* Idrissa Gueye
* Moussa Sow
1 goal
* Pablo Ganet
* Pedro Obiang
* Njiva Rakotoharimalala
* Paulin Voavy
* Keita Baldé
* Pape Abou Cissé
* Moussa Konaté
* Sidy Sarr
* Abuaagla Abdalla
* Seif Teiri
* Athar El Tahir
* Mohamed Musa Idris
* Yasir Muzamil
1 own goal
* Luis Meseguer (against Senegal)
* Kalidou Koulibaly (against Madagascar)
# Honda CBX550F

The Honda CBX550F is a four-stroke, in line four cylinder, sport tourer motorcycle produced from 1982 to 1986 by the Honda Motor Company. The CBX550F II is identical apart from the addition of a half-fairing.
Although the model was designated 550, the actual capacity was 572.5 cc (34.94 cu in). Honda developed a completely new, unusual design of engine to compete in the middleweight-sector with twin overhead camshafts acting on rockers, having screw-adjusters for clearance which actuated the sixteen valves (four per cylinder).
The engine featured a standard oil-cooler and a distinctive, unusual exhaust system, a first for Honda, with cross-over pipes directly in front of the engine linking cylinders one to four and a separate pair of pipes connecting cylinders two and three. The CV carburettors were of a new type using mixture-enriching internal fuel passages for cold-starts, with careful engineering of the inlet tracts to achieve smooth gasflow.
The machine was noted for its use of inboard ventilated disc brakes, the discs themselves being contained within a "drum" type enclosure. Front suspension was by oil-damped telescopic fork with air assistance and incorporating an anti-dive mechanism in the left fork leg. Rear suspension was by Honda's own "Pro-Link" rising rate system, which allows the suspension forces to vary in accordance with rear wheel movement. The machine was equipped with transistorised ignition and electrics were 12 volt.
# Edwin Batshu

Edwin Jenamiso Batshu (born June 21, 1947) is a Botswana politician who served in the government of Botswana as Minister of Labour and Home Affairs from 2011. A member of the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Batshu is a member of Parliament in the National Assembly of Botswana and a member of SADC Parliamentary Forum Executive Committee from 2009 to 2011; previously, he was commissioner of Botswana Police from 2004 to 2007.

## Parliament

Edwin Batshu is a politician in Botswana. He was elected to the National Assembly in the October 2009 general election, representing the governing Botswana Democratic Party.Batshu was appointed as the Chairman of the Parliamentary oversight Committee on Directorate of Intelligence and Security. Batshu was a Member of SADC Parliamentary Forum Executive Committee from 2009 to 2011.Edwin Batshu was then appointed Minister of Labour and Home Affairs in November 2011. He was again appointed to the same post after the 2014 General election October 2014 general election, by Ian Khama in November 2014.

## Botswana Police Service

Edwin Batshu joined the Botswana Police Service in 1970 as a constable. He rose through the ranks to be appointed Commissioner of Police in May 2004. Batshu then retired at the age of 60, on the 21 June 2007. Batshu was the third Motswana to head Botswana Police Service since independence, the first being Simon Hirschfeld followed by Norman Moleboge. When he took over from his predecessor, Moleboge he insisted on transforming the police into an approachable community service that looked and perceived the community as clients who had to be served and respected. It was during his tenure that the police service introduced a special constable cadre.

## Other

While serving in the service, he studied a number of courses throughout the world. At a point, as Police Commissioner he headed the Intelligence unit, before the formation of the Directorate of Intelligence and Security in 2008. Batshu was appointed to the Customary Court of Appeal as a Judge in October 2007 a position he held till February 2008 when he joined politics.

## Awards

Batshu is former vice president of Botswana Football Association (1991-1992).
# Ekaterine Melikishvili

Ekaterine (Keke) Melikishvili, married name Meskhi (1854–1928), was a Georgian writer, translator and feminist.
Brought up in a well-to-do home in Tbilisi, after matriculating from a Swiss high school, she became one of the first Georgian women to attend university in Switzerland, studying medicine in Zürich. While there, she became fluent in German and French, followed the innovative developments of the times as well as the evolving situation in Georgia. She was one of several women writers to join the Georgian Ugheli association, together with Kato Mikeladze, Olga Guramishvili, Pelagia Natsvlishvili and Bogumila Zeminskaya.
Melikishvili was the first dean of Odessa University where she created courses for women. A member of the Georgian women writers' circle, she translated children's literature as well as works of social importance, including American Women of the 18th Century. She was a major contributor to journals, including Droeba, founded by her brother Stepane Melikishvili. She headed a family printing concern, was a co-founder of the Skhivi publishing house and founded the Ganatleba (education) association.