OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Digitally enhanced dasherboard

A digitally enhanced dasherboard (DED) is a virtual advertising product offered by the National Hockey League (NHL) for television broadcasts of ice hockey games. DEDs erase and replace the local ads painted on dasher boards that surround hockey rinks with a sequence of static and animated advertisements on each television broadcaster.

## History

The first NHL team to sell advertising on its dasher boards was the Minnesota North Stars in 1981. Since then, all teams have sold ads to a mixture of national sponsors and local advertisers. The NHL promotes the DED program as a way for a team's sponsors to continue to advertise on television broadcasts of away games. The NHL had previously introduced virtual advertising over the goal in 2011; Sportvision created the technology that superimposes an ad on the glass at each end of the rink.
During the 2016 World Cup of Hockey, which is organized by the NHL, the league worked with Supponor, a British firm, to allow each broadcaster to substitute their own advertisements on the dasher boards. At the 2020 All-Star Game, the NHL produced nine localized feeds, each with its own advertising, using DED. Beginning with the 2022–23 season, the NHL expanded its use of Supponor's technology to all teams' rinks, allowing DED to be used on all game broadcasts. Each game has 120 ad increments of 30 seconds, across five zones, on feeds for the home team, the away team, and a feed for international use; the NHL also has a "clean" feed, with no digital modification to the boards. Gary Bettman, the NHL's commissioner, predicted that the DED would increase revenue for the league and its member clubs.
According to SponsorUnited, which tracks sports sponsorship data, the DED contributed to a 21% increase in sponsorship revenue year-over-year during the 2022–23 season. Seven hundred brands participated in the virtual advertising program.

## Awards

The DED program was nominated for the George Wensel Technical Achievement Award at the 2023 Sports Emmy Awards.
Sports Business Journal gave the NHL its Sports Breakthrough of the Year award in 2023 for digitally enhanced dasherboards.

## Criticism

Early in the 2022–23 season, many fans and journalists were dissatisfied with the digitally enhanced dasherboards, finding the match moving technology to be glitchy and distracting. Greg Wyshynski observed that the physical dasherboard ads were still visible in reflections on the ice. The DED frequently "ate" pucks that got close to the boards, and the ad substitution created a video delay, causing announcers to seem to react to events that television viewers had not yet seen.
In response to criticism, the NHL adjusted the brightness of the DED ads.
Keith Wachtel, the NHL's chief business officer and executive vice president of global partnerships, told ESPN that many fans appreciated the cleaner look of the DED when watching hockey telecasts.
# Dixon Lake

Dixon Lake may refer to:
* Dixon Lake (Monongalia County), within Pedlar Wildlife Management Area in Monongalia County, West Virginia
* Dixon Lake (Nova Scotia), on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
* Dixon Reservoir in Escondido, California, sometimes known as Dixon Lake
# Distribution constant

The distribution constant (or partition ratio) (K$_D$) is the equilibrium constant for the distribution of an analyte in two immiscible solvents.
In chromatography, for a particular solvent, it is equal to the ratio of its molar concentration in the stationary phase to its molar concentration in the mobile phase, also approximating the ratio of the solubility of the solvent in each phase.
The term is often confused with partition coefficient or distribution coefficient.

## Expression

The ratio of activities of a solute, A in an aqueous/organic system will remain constant and independent of the total quantity of A (hence $[A]_{org}\propto [A]_{aq}$), so at any given temperature:
    $(K_{D})_{A}={(aA)_{org} \over (a_{A})_{aq}}\approx {[A]_{org} \over [A]_{aq}}$
Distribution constants are useful as they allow the calculation of the concentration of remaining analyte in the solution, even after a number of solvent extractions have occurred. They also provide guidance in choosing the most efficient way to conduct an extractive separation.
Thus, the concentration of A remaining in an aqueous solution after i extractions with an organic solvent can be found using:
    $[A]_{i}=\left({V_{aq} \over V_{org}K_{D}+V_{aq}}\right)^{i}[A]_{0}$
(where [A]$_i$ is the concentration of A remaining after extracting V$_{aq}$ millilitres of solution with the original concentration of [A]$_0$ with i portions of the organic solvent, each with a volume of V$_{org}$).
# List of protected areas of Russia (Sakhalin Oblast)

This list is of the protected areas or, more properly, Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNAs) of the Russian Federation that are located in the federal subject of Sakhalin Oblast.

## List of SPNAs

As of May 2022, eighty-six SPNAs (Russian: особо охраняемые природные территории (ООПТ)) are listed on the ООПТ России database. In addition, Ilya Muromets Waterfall (Водопад Илья Муромец) is a prospective Natural Monument, White Cliffs (Белые скалы), Yuzhniy (Южный), and Yuzhno-Sakhalinskiy (Южно-Сахалинский) are former SPNAs, and Susunaiskiy Ridge [ru] was an unsuccessful National Park candidate.
| SPNA | Locality | Type | Import | Area | Comments | Est. |
| South Sakhalin Mud Volcano Южно-Сахалинский грязевой вулкан | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | Natural Monument | Regional | 40 ha (99 acres) | | 1983 |
| Aniva White Acacia Grove Анивская роща белой акации | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | Natural Monument | Regional | 0.5 ha (1.2 acres) | | 1980 |
| Verkhnebureinskiy Верхнебуреинский | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | Natural Monument | Regional | 183.2 ha (453 acres) | | 1986 |
| Kurils Курильский | Yuzhno-Kurilsky | Zapovednik | Federal | 65,365 ha (252.38 sq mi) | Kunashir, etc | 1984 |
| Lesser Kurils Малые Курилы | Yuzhno-Kurilsky | Zakaznik | Federal | 67,892 ha (262.13 sq mi) | | 1983 |
| South Kuril Relict Forest Южно-Курильский реликтовый лес | Yuzhno-Kurilsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 0.5 ha (1.2 acres) | on Kunashir | 1980 |
| Mendeleev Volcano Вулкан Менделеева | Yuzhno-Kurilsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 2,242.2 ha (5,541 acres) | on Kunashir | 1983 |
| Poronaysky Поронайский | Poronaysky | Zapovednik | Federal | 56,694 ha (218.90 sq mi) | on Kunashir | 1988 |
| Waterfall on the Nitui River Водопад на реке Нитуй | Poronaysky | Natural Monument | Regional | 30 ha (74 acres) | | 1990 |
| Ammonites of the Pugachevka River [ru] Аммониты реки Пугачевки | Korsakovsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 89.4 ha (221 acres) | | 1995 |
| Tunaycha Lake Озеро Тунайча | Korsakovsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 22,075 ha (85.23 sq mi) | | 1977 |
| Cape Velikan Мыс Великан | Korsakovsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 39.4 ha (97 acres) | | 1990 |
| Highlands of Mount Chekhov Высокогорья горы Чехова | Korsakovsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | Natural Monument | Regional | 1,800 ha (4,400 acres) | | 1983 |
| Zhdanko Ridge Хребет Жданко | Makarovsky | Natural Monument | Regional | 155 ha (380 acres) | | 1988 |
| Moneron Island Остров Монерон | Nevelsky | Nature Park | Regional | 1,559 ha (3,850 acres) | | 1958 |
| Nogliksky Ногликский | Nogliksky | Zakaznik | Regional | 66,206 ha (255.62 sq mi) | | 1998 |
| Aleksandrovsky Александровский | Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky | Zakaznik | Regional | 24,600 ha (95 sq mi) | | 1980 |
| Dolinsky (Izyubrovy) Долинский (Изюбровый) | Dolinsky | Zakaznik | Regional | 9,176 ha (35.43 sq mi) | | 1988 |
| Lake Dobretskoye Озеро Добрецкое | Dolinsky | Zakaznik | Regional | 5,817.4 ha (22.461 sq mi) | | 1966 |
| Crater Bay Бухта Кратерная | Severo-Kurilsky | Zakaznik | Regional | 20 ha (49 acres) | off Ushishir | 1987 |
# Egon Ronay

Egon Miklos Ronay (24 July 1915 – 12 June 2010) was a Hungarian-born food critic who wrote and published a series of guides to British and Irish restaurants and hotels in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. His guidebooks are credited with raising the quality of British cooking offered in public eating places. He also championed foreign cuisine to British diners.

## Early life

Born in 1915 in Bratislava, Austria-Hungary, the only child of former Royal Hungarian Army captain Miklos Ronay, a restaurateur, his grandfather, Nikolaus von (Miklos) Ronay, established the Grand Hotel at Piešťany, now Slovakia. The family moved to Budapest when he was two, and with the onset of World War II, he was commissioned in the Hungarian Army serving with the occupying forces after the First and Second Vienna Awards in southern Slovakia and northern Transylvania.
The Ronay family business suffered during wartime, and was taken over by the Communists once Hungary fell under Soviet control after the defeat of the Nazis.

## Career

Ronay emigrated to London, England alone on 10 October 1946. His father's contacts arranged for him to manage Princes restaurant in Piccadilly, and then the Carousel Club in St James's. He then borrowed £4,000 and took over The Marquee, a 39-seat former tea room, near Harrods, putting classic French dishes on the menu, which was unusual for post-war Britain.
After TV chef Fanny Cradock visited with her husband, Johnnie, Ronay built up contacts with the press, and later began to write a food column for The Daily Telegraph.
In his later years, Ronay acted as food consultant for pub chain J D Wetherspoon. He also worked with motorway service station company Welcome Break to promote their products.
Awarded the Médaille de la Ville de Paris in 1983, he was appointed a Chevalier of the Order of Agricultural Merit in 1987 and was a Chevalier du Tastevin.

## Egon Ronay's Guide

In 1957, Ronay completed the first edition of the Egon Ronay's Guide to British Eateries, selling 30,000 copies. The guides gained in popularity and it became a mark of distinction to be mentioned in the books. His guides made a point of not accepting advertising or hospitality from hotels and restaurants to ensure impartiality.
Ronay sold the rights to his books to The AA in 1985. However, after subsequent owner Leading Guides International went into bankruptcy in 1997, Ronay took legal action to reclaim the rights. In 2005, in conjunction with the Royal Automobile Club, Ronay brought out Egon Ronay's RAC Guide to the Top 200 Restaurants in the UK, basing the reviews on comments received by restaurant inspectors.

## Personal life

Twice married, he divorced Edit (m. 1935) in 1967, when he married the painter, Barbara Greenslade, and adopted her son, Gerard, in 1974. His younger daughter Edina Ronay (b. 1943), who dated Sir Michael Caine, is a former actress and fashion designer. His elder daughter, Esther, was a BBC TV editor and independent documentary producer. Ronay died at his Berkshire home in Yattendon on 12 June 2010 after a short illness.
# Li Kaixian

Li Kaixian (Chinese: 李開先, 1502 - 1568) was a Chinese writer, playwright and literary critic of the Ming dynasty from Shandong. He was retired from the government at age 39, and then devoted his life to literature and Chinese opera. He was a member of the circle of intellectuals gathered folk songs and ballads. His first play Sword was a chuanqi play. The play is based on the plot of the novel Water Margin, but the story of Lin Chong had been changed.

## Early life

Li Kaixian's mother, surname Wang (王), was the daughter of a wealthy family from Xinjie, who married his father at age 19. His father failed the provincial examination several times before eventually passing and going to the capital for the national examination. Li Kaixian received the degree of jinshi, the highest award for imperial examinations, and then entered the Ministry of Revenue.

## Career

In the late 1550s, Li Kaixian became interested in printing Yuan-dynasty qu, including sanqu and dramas. His publishing was complimented by his personal libraries of over 10,000 volumes, known as the "Library of Ten Thousand Fascicles". He also printed a number of plays in an anthology, Revised Plays by Yuan Masters (改定元賢傳奇; Gaiding Yuanxian chuanqi). Despite the anthology's importance, the whereabouts of the collection was unknown into the 20th century. It was believed to be in Taiwan, until it was revealed in 2001 that the existing edition is kept in Nanjing Library.
Although the surviving edition of the anthology preserves only 6 plays, the preface states that Li Kaixian intended to print 16. Li Kaixian also stated that he was the sponsor of the project and provided texts from his own personal collection, with assistance from his disciple Zhang Zishen, a native of Shanghe known for his expertise in northern qu, and Gao Yingqi (高應玘).
Following the printing of the anthology, Li Kaixian continued printing suites of songs and xiaoling (小令); in 1566 and 1567 he printed collections by Yuan masters Zhang Keiju (張可久) and Qiao Ji, respectively.
# Dictyocaulus viviparus

Dictyocaulus viviparus is a species of nematodes belonging to the family Dictyocaulidae.
The species has cosmopolitan distribution. It is parasitic, and has the common name of the bovine lungworm due to its negative impact on cattle.

## Life cycle

Dictyocaulus viviparus is ovi-viviparous and gives birth to eggs which are coughed up and eaten. These eggs hatch in the digestive tract and are then excreted live. They take advantage of sporulating Pilobilus fungi for dispersal. When eaten, the larvae chew through the intestinal wall to the mesenteric lymph nodes. From there, they travel to the lungs via circulating blood and/or lymph.
# List of photochemists

This is a list of notable photochemists. Photochemistry, a sub-discipline of chemistry, is the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules.

## Photochemists

* Nicola Armaroli
* Vincenzo Balzani
* E. J. Bowen
* John William Draper
* Arthur Eichengrün
* Theodor Grotthuss
* Selig Hecht
* Michael Kasha
* Walter Metcalf
* David Phillips
* James Pitts
* Fritz Weigert
* Zhenghua ZHU (List of publications, incomplete)
# 2016 Horizon League women's soccer tournament

The 2016 Horizon League women's soccer tournament is the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Horizon League. It was held from October 31 to November 5, 2016. The five match tournament will be held at campus sites, with the semifinals and final held at Engelmann Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The six team single-elimination tournament will consist of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Oakland Golden Grizzlies are the defending tournament champions after defeating the Wright State Raiders in the championship match.

## Bracket

| First round Monday, Oct. 31 | First round Monday, Oct. 31 | First round Monday, Oct. 31 | Semifinals Thursday, Nov. 3 | Semifinals Thursday, Nov. 3 | Semifinals Thursday, Nov. 3 | Final Saturday, Nov. 5 | Final Saturday, Nov. 5 | Final Saturday, Nov. 5 |
| | | | 2 | Detroit Mercy | 2 | | | |
| 3 | Northern Kentucky | 1 | 3 | Northern Kentucky | 3 | | | |
| 6 | Wright State | 0 | | | | 3 | Northern Kentucky | 3 |
| | | | | | | 1 | Milwaukee | 2 |
| | | | 1 | Milwaukee | 1 | | | |
| 4 | Oakland | 3 | 4 | Oakland | 0 | | | |
| 5 | Valparaiso | 2 | | | | | | |
# Edenburg Commando

Edenburg Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History
### Operations
#### With the SADF

During this era, the commando was mainly tasked with area force protection, search and cordons and stock theft control assistance to the local police.
The unit resorted under the command of Group 35.

#### With the SANDF
##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## Leadership

Leadership :
| From | Honorary Colonels | To |
| From | Commanding Officers | To |
| From | Regimental Sergeants Major | To |
# Henry Bond (Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge)

Henry Bond, LL.D (born Cambridge 19 September 1853 – died Cambridge 6 June 1938) was an academic in the second half of the 19th century and first decades of the 20th.
Bond was educated at Amersham Hall School, University College, London and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he spent the rest of his career. He was Scholar in 1875; Chancellor's Medallist in 1877; Called to the Bar in 1883; appointed Lecturer in Roman Law in 1886; elected Fellow in 1887; and J.P. in 1906. He was Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge from 1919 to 1929; and a Bencher of the Middle Temple from 1922.
Bond's pupils included Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa, and Stanley Bruce, Prime Minister of Australia.
Bond lived at Middlefield, a country house near Stapleford to the south of Cambridge that was built for him in 1908−09 by the architect Edwin Lutyens.
# Egmont Ehapa

Egmont Ehapa (officially Egmont Ehapa Media GmbH since 2014; formerly Ehapa Verlag) is a German publishing company. It is a subsidiary of the Egmont Group.
Ehapa is known as a multi-faceted publisher of various kinds of digital and print media, including magazines, comics, books, movies, and even television shows. Egmont is commercially active in 21 different countries and, as of 2005, had approximately 3,600 employees and a yearly revenue of 1.2 billion euros.

## History

Egmont Ehapa was created in 1951, as a subsidiary of Egmont (then known as Gutenberghus). The name "Ehapa" was taken from the initials of its founder: Egmont Harald Petersen.
Some of the more popular German-language comics published by Egmont Ehapa Verlag GmbH include: Asterix, Lucky Luke, Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse, Winnie the Pooh, Wendy [de] and SpongeBob SquarePants.
In September 2001, Egmont Interactive made a surprise announcement that it would discontinue its business activities as of September 30, 2001. The games distributed by Egmont Interactive and the joint label Shoebox were continued by dtp entertainment. The closure of Egmont Interactive was justified by worldwide restructuring at Egmont Ehapa Verlag. Only one of five employees was kept on within the publishing company, the other four employees were laid off.
# 2017 Wexford Senior Football Championship

The 2017 Wexford Senior Football Championship is the 119th edition of the Wexford GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Wexford, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams, with the winner going on to represent Wexford in the Leinster Senior Club Football Championship. The championship starts with a group stage and then progresses to a knock out stage.
Gusserane O'Rahillys were the defending champions after they defeated Glynn–Barntown in the previous year's final.
This was Taghmon-Camross' return to the senior grade after claiming the 2016 Wexford Intermediate Football Championship title.
Horeswood were relegated to the 2018 I.F.C. after 19 years as a senior club when losing the Relegation final to Sarsfields.

## Team changes

The following teams have changed division since the 2016 championship season.

## Group stage

There are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top 4 in each group qualify for the quarter-finals. The bottom finisher in each group will qualify for the Relegation Final.

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | L | D | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| Shelmaliers | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 75 | 62 | +13 | 8 |
| Castletown Liam Mellows | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 69 | 53 | +16 | 6 |
| Starlights | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 76 | 68 | +8 | 6 |
| Glynn–Barntown | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 6 |
| St Anne's Rathangan | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 57 | 66 | -9 | 4 |
| Sarsfields | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 76 | -18 | 0 |

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | L | D | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| St Martin's | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 91 | 44 | +47 | 9 |
| St James' | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 64 | 70 | -6 | 5 |
| Taghmon–Camross | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 69 | 76 | -7 | 5 |
| Gusserane O'Rahilly's | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 68 | 77 | -9 | 4 |
| St Mogue's Fethard | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 46 | 60 | -14 | 4 |
| Horeswood | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 72 | 83 | -11 | 3 |

## Knock-out Stages
### Relegation Final

The bottom finisher from both groups qualify for the Relegation final. The loser will be relegated to the 2018 Intermediate Championship.
* Sarsfields 2-9, 1-8 Horeswood, Cushinstown, 15/9/2017,

### Finals bracket

The top 4 teams from each group qualify for the quarter-finals with 1st -vs- 4th and 2nd -vs- 3rd in each case.
| Quarter-Finals | Quarter-Finals | Quarter-Finals | Semi-Finals | Semi-Finals | Semi-Finals | Final | Final | Final |
| Starlights | Starlights | 1-14 | | | | | | |
| St James' | St James' | 0-10 | Starlights | Starlights | 2-12 | | | |
| Castletown | Castletown | 3-15 | Castletown | Castletown | 1-12 | | | |
| Taghmon–Camross | Taghmon–Camross | 1-10 | | | | Starlights | Starlights | 0-17 |
| Shelmaliers | Shelmaliers | 1-12 | | | | St Martin's | St Martin's | 1-8 |
| Gusserane O'Rahillys | Gusserane O'Rahillys | 0-11 | Shelmaliers | Shelmaliers | 1-10 (2-4 R) | | | |
| St Martin's | St Martin's | 0-18 | St Martin's | St Martin's | 0-13 (1-14 R) | | | |
| Glynn–Barntown | Glynn–Barntown | 2-6 | | | | | | |
# 2013 Polaris Music Prize

The 2013 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 23, 2013 at The Carlu event theatre in Toronto, Ontario.
The award was won by Godspeed You! Black Emperor for their album 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend!. The band subsequently released a statement criticizing the prize's gala trappings in a time of austerity, asserting that "organizing a gala just so musicians can compete against each other for a novelty-sized cheque doesn't serve the cause of righteous music at all. Maybe the next celebration should happen in a cruddier hall, without the corporate banners and culture overlords." Despite their criticism the band accepted the award, but donated the prize money to a Quebec-based program of music education in prisons.

## Shortlist

The prize's 10-album shortlist was announced on July 16.
* Godspeed You! Black Emperor, 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend!
* A Tribe Called Red, Nation II Nation
* Zaki Ibrahim, Every Opposite
* Metric, Synthetica
* METZ, METZ
* Purity Ring, Shrines
* Colin Stetson, New History Warfare Vol. 3: To See More Light
* Tegan and Sara, Heartthrob
* Whitehorse, The Fate of the World Depends on This Kiss
* Young Galaxy, Ultramarine

## Longlist

The prize's preliminary 40-album longlist was announced on June 13.
* A Tribe Called Red, Nation II Nation
* Alaclair Ensemble, Les maigres blancs d'Amérique du Noir
* Anciients, Heart of Oak
* The Besnard Lakes, Until in Excess, Imperceptible UFO
* Louis-Jean Cormier, Le Treizième étage
* Daphni, Jiaolong
* Mac DeMarco, 2
* Evening Hymns, Spectral Dusk
* Hannah Georgas, Hannah Georgas
* Godspeed You! Black Emperor, 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend!
* Chilly Gonzales, Solo Piano II
* Jim Guthrie, Takes Time
* Hayden, Us Alone
* Zaki Ibrahim, Every Opposite
* KEN mode, Entrench
* Kid Koala, 12 Bit Blues
* Kobo Town, Jumbie in the Jukebox
* Pierre Lapointe, Punkt
* Lee Harvey Osmond, The Folk Sinner
* Les sœurs Boulay, Le poids des confettis
* Corb Lund, Cabin Fever
* The Luyas, Animator
* Majical Cloudz, Impersonator
* Metric, Synthetica
* METZ, METZ
* Danny Michel with the Garifuna Collective, Black Birds Are Dancing Over Me
* A.C. Newman, Shut Down the Streets
* Old Man Luedecke, Tender Is the Night
* Lindi Ortega, Cigarettes & Truckstops
* Peter Peter, Une version améliorée de la tristesse
* Purity Ring, Shrines
* Rah Rah, The Poet's Dead
* Rhye, Woman
* Daniel Romano, Come Cry With Me
* Colin Stetson, New History Warfare Vol. 3: To See More Light
* Suuns, Images du futur
* Tegan and Sara, Heartthrob
* Al Tuck, Stranger at the Wake
* Whitehorse, The Fate of the World Depends on This Kiss
* Young Galaxy, Ultramarine