# Haddon Matrix

The Haddon Matrix is the most commonly used paradigm in the injury prevention field.
Developed by William Haddon in 1970, the matrix looks at factors related to personal attributes, vector or agent attributes and environmental attributes; before, during and after an injury or death. By utilizing this framework, one can then think about evaluating the relative importance of different factors and design interventions.
A typical Haddon Matrix:
| Phase | Human Factors | Vehicles and Equipment Factors | Environmental Factors |
| Pre-crash | Information Attitudes Impairment Police Enforcement | Road Worthiness Lighting Braking Speed Management | Road design and road layout Speed limits Pedestrian facilities |
| Crash | Use of restraints Impairments | Occupant restraints Other safety devices Crash-protective design | Crash-protective roadside objects |
| Post-Crash | First-aid skills Access to medics | Ease of access Fire risk | Rescue facilities Congestion |

## Preventing injuries

(These ten items are often called "Haddon's Strategies.") Possible ways of preventing injury during the various phases include:

### Pre-event

* Prevent the existence of the agent.
* Prevent the release of the agent.
* Separate the agent from the host.
* Provide protection for the host.

### Event

* Minimize the amount of agent present.
* Control the pattern of release of the agent to minimize damage.
* Control the interaction between the agent and host to minimize damage.
* Increase the resilience of the host.

### Post-event

* Provide a rapid treatment response for host.
* Provide treatment and rehabilitation for the host.

## Citations

* ↑ Peden, World Health Organization. Ed. by Margie (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241562609.
* ↑ Haddon W Jr. (September 1999). "The changing approach to the epidemiology, prevention, and amelioration of trauma: the transition to approaches etiologically rather than descriptively based". Inj. Prev. 5 (3): 231–5. doi:10.1136/ip.5.3.231. PMC 1730511. PMID 10518273.
* ↑ Haddon W Jr. (1980). "Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy". Public Health Rep. 95 (5): 411–21. PMC 1422748. PMID 7422807.
* ↑ Haddon W Jr. (1974). "Editorial: Strategy in preventive medicine: passive vs. active approaches to reducing human wastage". Journal of Trauma. 14 (4): 353–4. doi:10.1097/00005373-197404000-00022. PMID 4819627.
* ↑ Baker SP, Haddon W Jr (Fall 1974). "Reducing injuries and their results: the scientific approach". Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 52 (4): 377–89. doi:10.2307/3349509. JSTOR 3349509. PMID 4498200.
* ↑ Haddon W Jr. (December 1970). "On the escape of tigers: an ecologic note". Am J Public Health Nations Health. 60 (12): 2229–34. doi:10.2105/AJPH.60.12.2229-b. PMC 1349282. PMID 5530409.

## General and cited references

* Runyan CW (December 1998). "Using the Haddon matrix: introducing the third dimension". Inj. Prev. 4 (4): 302–7. doi:10.1136/ip.4.4.302. PMC 1730420. PMID 9887425.
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192751/http://www.dph.sf.ca.us/CHPP/CAM/4-PublHlthApproach/HaddonMatrix.pdf
* http://www.ibiblio.org/vincentweb/chapter6.html
* Barnett DJ, Balicer RD, Blodgett D, Fews AL, Parker CL, Links JM (May 2005). "The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning". Environ. Health Perspect. 113 (5): 561–6. doi:10.1289/ehp.7491. PMC 1257548. PMID 15866764.