OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Algeria at the 2001 Mediterranean Games

Algeria (ALG) competed at the 2001 Mediterranean Games in Tunis, Tunisia.

## Medal summary
### Medal table

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| Gold | Salima Souakri | Judo | Women's 52 kg | September |
| Gold | Sid Ali Ferdjani | Gymnastics | Men's Pommel Horse | September |
| Gold | Salim Iles | Swimming | Men's 100m freestyle | 6 September |
| Gold | Salim Iles | Swimming | Men's 50m freestyle | 7 September |
| Gold | Mebarek Soltani | Boxing | Men's Flyweight | 8 September |
| Gold | Mohamed Khaldi | Athletics | Men's 5000 meters | 11 September |
| Gold | Malik Louahla | Athletics | Men's 400 meters | 12 September |
| Gold | Adem Hecini | Athletics | Men's 800 meters | 12 September |
| Gold | Abderrahmane Hammad | Athletics | Men's High jump | 13 September |
| Gold | Baya Rahouli | Athletics | Women's Triple jump | 14 September |
| Silver | Rachida Ouardane | Judo | Women's 70 kg | September |
| Silver | Salim Boutabcha | Judo | Men's 81 kg | September |
| Silver | Khaled Meddah | Judo | Men's 90 kg | September |
| Silver | Mohammed Bouaichaoui | Judo | Men's +100 kg | September |
| Silver | Amjad Aouda | Boxing | Men's Light Flyweight | 8 September |
| Silver | Benamar Meskine | Boxing | Men's Light Middleweight | 8 September |
| Silver | Malik Louhala Djamel Belaid Nabil Salmi Adem Hecini | Athletics | Men's 4 × 400 meters relay | 12 September |
| Silver | Mohamed Khaldi | Athletics | Men's 1500 meters | 14 September |
| Silver | Kamal Kohil | Athletics | Men's 10,000 meters | 14 September |
| Bronze | Mohamed Amine Benhamadi | Wrestling | Men's Freestyle 58 kg | September |
| Bronze | Mohamed Zoghbi | Wrestling | Men's Greco-Roman 54 kg | September |
| Bronze | Wahiba Belghandi | Weightlifting | Women's 58 kg | September |
| Bronze | Wahiba Belghandi | Weightlifting | Women's 58 kg | September |
| Bronze | Rym Draoui | Karate | Women's +65 kg | September |
| Bronze | Tarek Admane | Karate | Men's 80 kg | September |
| Bronze | Lynda Mekzine | Judo | Women's 57 kg | September |
| Bronze | Zoubida Bouyacoub | Judo | Women's 63 kg | September |
| Bronze | Amar Meridja | Judo | Men's 66 kg | September |
| Bronze | Nourredine Yagoubi | Judo | Men's 73 kg | September |
| Bronze | Zahra Gamir | Fencing | Women's Individual Épée | September |
| Bronze | Mohamed Allalou | Boxing | Men's Light Welterweight | 7 September |
| Bronze | Laïd Bessou | Athletics | Men's 3000 meters steeplechase | 12 September |
# 11 Dreams

11 Dreams is the third album by Danish extreme metal band Mercenary, released through Century Media Records. The original version was released in 2004, that being in Europe, the American version was released one year later, in 2005. The U.S. release contained two bonus tracks, one being a 3D version of the song "11 Dreams", and another being a radio edit of the song. This is the first album featuring Mike Park on drums and Martin Buus on lead guitars. This is also the final album to feature founding member Henrik "Kral" Andersen on bass guitar and death growls.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal | 10/10 |
"Denmark's Mercenary are following bands like In Flames and Soilwork in terms of adding more symphonic and melodic elements to their brand of extreme metal with their latest release 11 Dreams. A greater emphasis is placed on catchy vocal hooks, where the clean vocal passages from Mikkel Sandager trade off with the more aggressive death/black metal stylings from bass player Henrik 'Kral' Andersen."
"Highly progressive, Mercenary are influenced by bands like Soilwork, In Flames, Nevermore, Sentenced, and pretty much anything Scandinavian and influential, as well as occasionally throwing in a bit of thrash."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mercenary

## Personnel

* Jakob Mølbjerg – rhythm guitar
* Mikkel Sandager – clean vocals
* Henrik "Kral" Andersen – death growls, bass
* Morten Sandager – keyboards
* Mike Park – drums
* Martin Buus – lead guitar
Guest appearances
* Monika Pedersen – additional vocals on "Firesoul" and "Falling"
* Jacob Hansen – backing vocals on "Sharpen the Edges"
* Ziggy – backing vocals on "Sharpen the Edges"
Production
* Art by Niklas Sundin
# Abu Bakar Salleh

Abu Bakar bin Salleh (born 29 November 1950) is a scientist in enzyme and microbial technology at Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is one of the Members of the Committee for the Setting up of Malaysian Citation Centre.

## Early life and education

Abu Bakar was born at Kampung Bagan Tiong, Perak. He attended Sekolah Kebangsaan Bagan Tiang, Perak for his primary education. In 1967, he attended Royal Military College, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur. In 1975, he was awarded Bachelor of Science in biochemistry at the University of Western Australia, Australia. In 1979, he was conferred a Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

## Career

Abu Bakar started working as a Tutor at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in 1975. He was appointed as a lectured at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in 1979. He was promoted to associate professor in 1988 and later a professor in biochemistry at Universiti Putra Malaysia in 1994.
He was appointed as the director of Institute of Bioscience in UPM from 2001 to 2004. From 2006 to 2010, Abu Bakar was the deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation). He is also the first dean of the Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UPM first established on 1 September 2004.
He was appointed as the Chief Executive Editor for Pertanika journals from 2018 to 2020.

## Awards and honours

In 2005, he won the gold medal at the International Des Inventions 2005, Geneva, Switzerland for research project titled Chirazim – A highly enantioselective enzyme for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. At the same exhibition, he won silver medal for MBSofaxTM – New green palm-based fine organics for industry. In 2016, he was awarded Anugerah Tokoh Pekerja (P&P Akademik) in the Majlis Gemilang Putra dan Sambutan Hari Pekerja 2016, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

### Honours of Malaysia

* Selangor :
** Darjah Kebesaran Dato' Paduka Mahkota Selangor (D.P.M.S) – Dato' (2010)
# 2023 Tata Open Maharashtra

The 2023 Maharashtra Open (branded as the Tata Open Maharashtra for sponsorship reasons) was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Pune at the Mhalunge Balewadi Tennis Complex. It was the 27th edition of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)'s 250 event, the only ATP tournament played in India, and was held from 2 January to 7 January 2023. Unseeded Tallon Griekspoor won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

* Tallon Griekspoor def. Benjamin Bonzi, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3

### Doubles

* Sander Gillé / Joran Vliegen def. Sriram Balaji / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan, 6–4, 6–4

## Points and prize money
### Points distribution

| Event | W | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 | Q | Q2 | Q1 |
| Singles | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 20 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 0 |
| Doubles* | 250 | 150 | 90 | 45 | 20 | 0 | — | — | — |
$_{*perteam}$

## Singles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank$^†$ | Seed |
| CRO | Marin Čilić | 17 | 1 |
| NED | Botic van de Zandschulp | 35 | 2 |
| FIN | Emil Ruusuvuori | 40 | 3 |
| ARG | Sebastián Báez | 43 | 4 |
| SVK | Alex Molčan | 50 | 5 |
| SRB | Filip Krajinović | 54 | 6 |
| ESP | Jaume Munar | 58 | 7 |
| | Aslan Karatsev | 59 | 8 |
† Rankings are as of 26 December 2022

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcard entry into the main draw:
* Manas Manoj Dhamne
* Sumit Nagal
* Mukund Sasikumar
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw :
* Flavio Cobolli
* Maximilian Marterer
* Ramkumar Ramanathan
* Elias Ymer

### Withdrawals
#### Before the tournament

* Jenson Brooksby → replaced by Pablo Andújar

## Doubles main draw entrants
### Seeds

| Country | Player | Country | Player | Rank$^†$ | Seed |
| USA | Rajeev Ram | GBR | Joe Salisbury | 7 | 1 |
| USA | Nathaniel Lammons | USA | Jackson Withrow | 95 | 2 |
| FRA | Sadio Doumbia | FRA | Fabien Reboul | 112 | 3 |
| BEL | Sander Gillé | BEL | Joran Vliegen | 121 | 4 |
† Rankings are as of 26 December 2022

### Other entrants

The following pairs received wildcard entry into the main draw:
* Arjun Kadhe / Fernando Romboli
* Purav Raja / Divij Sharan
The following pair received entry as alternates:
* Sriram Balaji / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan

### Withdrawals

* Laslo Đere / Alex Molčan → replaced by Sriram Balaji / Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan

## Broadcasting

Sport 18 HD and Jio Cinema app aired this edition live in India.
# Emil Vogel

Emil Wilhelm Vogel (20 July 1894 – 1 October 1985) was a German general during World War II who commanded the XXXVI Mountain Corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

## Life and career

Emil Vogel was born in Zwickau in Saxony on 20 July 1894. In August 1914 he entered the German Army as an ensign, and was later commissioned lieutenant in a Bavarian pioneer battalion, serving in World War I. He rejoined the army after the war, becoming a general staff officer.
At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Vogel was chief of staff of VII Corps, then of XX Corps, receiving the German Cross in Gold in April 1942. In September 1942 he took command of the 101st Jäger-Division, serving in the southern sector of the Eastern Front. While with the division he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in August 1943 for service in the Kuban bridgehead, and the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross in May 1944 for his part in the defence of the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket. From August 1944 he took command of XXXVI Mountain Corps serving in Finland and northern Norway, where he surrendered with his unit in May 1945.
Vogel ended the war with the rank of General of Mountain Troops (General der Gebirgstruppe).

## Awards and decorations

* Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class (11 June 1915) & 1st Class (25 October 1916).
* Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (25 September 1939) & 1st Class (20 October 1939).
* German Cross in Gold on 25 April 1942 as Oberst im Generalstab (colonel in the General Staff) of the General-Kommando of the XX. Armeekorps.
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross:
** Knight's Cross on 7 August 1943 as Generalleutnant and commander of 101st Jäger Division.
** Oak Leaves on 14 May 1944 as Generalleutnant and commander of 101st Jäger Division.
# Emil Viljanen

Emil Viljanen (10 August 1874 - 20 January 1954) was a Finnish civil servant and politician, born in Mouhijärvi. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1913 to 1916 and again from 1919 to 1922, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP).
# Extro

Extro may refer to:
* Extro, an alternative term for Outro
* Extro (novel), an alternative title for The Computer Connection by Alfred Bester
# Elmar Fischer

Elmar Fischer (6 October 1936 – 19 January 2022) was an Austrian Roman Catholic prelate.
Fischer was born in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, Austria. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Feldkirch, Austria. He served as the bishop of the diocese from 2005 until his retirement in 2011.
He died from COVID-19 in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, on 19 January 2022, at the age of 85.
# Algeria at the 2006 Winter Olympics

Algeria sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. The nation had participated in the Winter Olympics only once previously, in 1992. The delegation consisted of two athletes, Christelle Laura Douibi in alpine skiing and Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi in cross-country skiing. Douibi's 40th-place finish in the women's downhill was Algeria's best finish in these Olympics.

## Background

Algeria made its Winter Olympic Games debut at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. The country was absent from the next three Winter Olympics, returning 14 years later for these Turin Games. Although Algeria has won medals in the Summer Olympics, no Algerian athlete has ever won a medal at a Winter Games. Algeria's delegation to Turin consisted of two athletes, Christelle Laura Douibi in alpine skiing and Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi in cross-country skiing. Douibi was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony, while Bentoumi was chosen to carry the flag for the closing ceremony.

## Alpine skiing

Christelle Laura Douibi was 20 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics, her first, and so far only participation in Olympic competition. On 15 February she participated in the women's downhill; she finished in a time of 2 minutes and 9 seconds, 40th and last out of those who completed the race. She was approximately 13 seconds behind the gold medalist. On 20 February she took part in the women's super-G, finishing in a time of 1 minute and 43 seconds, which placed her 51st and last in the competition. Her time was 11 seconds behind the gold medalist. She dedicated her performance to her father, Mohammed, who had died 18 months prior to the Olympics.
| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| Christelle Laura Douibi | Women's downhill | 2:09.68 | 40 |
| Christelle Laura Douibi | Women's super-G | 1:43.54 | 51 |

## Cross-country skiing

Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi, the lone Algerian cross-country skier in Turin, was 33 years old at the time of these Olympics, and he was making his Olympic debut. On 26 February, he took part in the men's 50 km freestyle. He was more than 5 minutes behind the leader after 10 kilometres of the event, and did not complete the race, retiring between the 10 and 26.6 kilometre checkpoints.

### Distance

| Athlete | Event | Final | Final |
| Athlete | Event | Total | Rank |
| Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi | Men's 50 km freestyle | Did not finish | Did not finish |
# List of ship launches in 1731

The list of ship launches in 1731 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1731.
| Date | Country | Builder | Location | Ship | Class | Notes |
| 28 January | Great Britain | Abraham Wells | Blackwall | Bedford | East Indiaman | For British East India Company. |
| 13 April | Great Britain | Richard Stacey | Deptford Dockyard | Buckingham | Third rate | For Royal Navy. |
| 19 August | Spain | Lorenzo Arzueta | El Ferrol | Leon | Third rate | For Spanish Navy. |
| 21 October | Great Britain | John Hayward | Woolwich Dockyard | Grampus | Sloop-of-war | For Royal Navy. |
| 23 October | Great Britain | | Woolwich Dockyard | Somerset | Third rate | For Royal Navy. |
| October | Great Britain | Thomas West | London | Britannia | East Indiaman | For British East India Company. |
| 20 November | Great Britain | Richard Stacey | Deptford Dockyard | Wolf | Sloop-of-war | For Royal Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Brederode | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | | Rotterdam | Delft | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | | Rotterdam | Hofwegen | East Indiaman | For Dutch East India Company. |
| Unknown date | Kingdom of France | Jacques Poirier | Havre de Grâce | La Charente | Somme-class en flûte | For French Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Leiderdorp | Fourth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | French Louisiana | Adrien Gilbert | New Orleans | Le Saint Louis | Brig | For French Navy. |
| Unknown date | Denmark–Norway | | | Prindsesse Charlotte Amalie | Fourth rate | For Dano-Norwegian Navy. |
| Unknown date | Denmark–Norway | | | Prindsesse Lovise | Fourth rate | For Dano-Norwegian Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Spiegelbos | Sixth rate | For Dutch Navy. |
| Unknown date | Dutch Republic | Thomas Davis | Amsterdam | Vrijheid | Third rate | For Dutch Navy. |
# Elvira Pančić

Elvira Pančić (born 14 May 1980) is a Serbian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics representing Yugoslavia.
# Ach (Blau)

The Ach, also called Aach, is a river located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into the Blau in Blaubeuren.

## Geography
### Source

The river Ach has its source west of Schelklingen in the Achursprung (535 m above sea level), a karst spring at the Dreikönigsmühle and about 500 m south of the monastery Urspring. It is a circular, bluish shimmering spring pot with an average flow of 440 litres per second (min. 110 L/s, max. 1,200 L/s).

### Course

After only about 100 m of river, the longer and more water-rich Urspring, which has its source near the monastery Urspring, flows into the river on the left side. The Ach runs along its entire length in a valley of the Urdonau. Until Schelklingen it flows in an easterly direction, but then turns to the northeast. Before its mouth, the Ach flows around the Bruckfels near Weiler at the Geißenklösterle and the Weilerhalde in two wide river loops before it flows through Blaubeuren and joins the still young Blau at 515 m above sea level.
On its 10.2 km long path the Ach falls 20 m in height, which corresponds to a mean bed gradient of 2 ‰
Auf ihrem 10,2 km langen Weg fällt die Ach um 20 m Höhe, was einem mittleren Sohlgefälle von 2 ‰ entspricht.

## Sights and structures

In Schelklingen are the ruins of Hohenschelklingen Castle and Saint Afra's Chapel with its Gothic fresco cycle. In the Ach valley are the Hohler Fels, one of the largest caverns in the Swabian Jura and south Germany, in which archaeologically important discoveries were made. On the opposite side of the valley stands the Sirgenstein, a twenty-metre-high rock outcrop on which there are traces of a Stone Age cave dwelling and a medieval castle. Further down the valley are the ruins of Günzelburg Castle and another Stone Age cave, Geißenklösterle, and yet another Stone Age cave, Brillenhöhle Cave. In Blaubeuren are the Blautopf and, nearby, the former Blaubeuren Abbey with its abbey church, the ruins of the Rusenschloß and the hammer mill.
# Albert Jull

Albert Edward Jull (6 December 1864 – 24 September 1940) was a New Zealand politician of the Liberal Party, the United Party and from 1938 the National Party.

## Canada

Jull was born in Fort Eria, Canada West, in 1864. He received his education in Brantford at various public schools.

## Life in New Zealand

He came to New Zealand with his parents in 1877. He arrived in Waipawa in 1881, for some years was engaged in store-keeping, and subsequently established himself in the brewing industry. Jull was chairman of the Waipawa County Council, was elected president of the New Zealand Counties Association in 1901, was for some years chairman of the Waipawa Town Board and of the District Hospital Board, and in 1894 was president of the New Zealand Fire Brigades' Association. He is an enthusiastic Oddfellow, is a Past Provincial Grand Master of the Hawke's Bay district, and in 1906 represented the district at the biennial conference held at Nelson. He chaired the Napier Harbour Board for 20 years, a role from which he retired in 1932.

## Political activity

Jull first stood for the rural Hawke's Bay Region electorate of Waipawa in 1911 for the Liberal Party, coming second to George Hunter. Jull came second again in 1914 and 1919. In the 1922 election, he was one of four candidates in the Napier electorate as an Independent, coming third.
Jull represented the Waipawa electorate from the 1930 by-election after the death of Hunter.
In the 1935 election he was defeated by Labour's Max Christie. In 1938 he won the seat back from Christie, and held it until his death.
Jull died suddenly in Waipawa on 24 September 1940.
# Ferdinand Havlík

Ferdinand Havlík (17 June 1928 – 28 October 2013) was a Czech composer, and clarinet player. In 1959, Havlík and actor Jiří Suchý co-founded the Semafor musical theater in Prague. Havlík also became Semafor's head composer following the death of Jiří Šlitr in 1969. In addition to Semafor, he worked as a film composer and started a swing band in the 1970s.
Born in Brno, Czechoslovakia, in 1928, Havlík died on October 28, 2013, at the age of 85.
# 1797 in France

Events from the year 1797 in France.

## Incumbents

* The French Directory

## Events

* 14 January-15 January - Battle of Rivoli, decisive French victory over Austria.
* 19 February - Treaty of Tolentino signed between France and the Papal States.
* 22 February - The Last invasion of Britain begins. French forces under the command of American Colonel William Tate land near Fishguard in Wales.
* 25 February - Tate surrenders at Fishguard.
* 16 March - Battle of Tagliamento, French victory over Habsburg Austria.
* 21-23 March - Battle of Tarvis, French victory over Austria.
* 17 April - Treaty of Leoben, preliminary accord between France and Austria.
* 18 April - Battle of Neuwied, French victory over Austria.
* 20 April - Battle of Diersheim, French victory over Austrian forces.
* 12 May - France conquers Venice, ending the 1100 years of independence of the city.
* 17 October - Treaty of Campo Formio signed between France and Austria.
* 17 December - Napoleon leads a successful French charge against Fort l'Aiguilette to secure Toulon.

## Births

* 27 March - Alfred de Vigny, poet, playwright, and novelist (died 1863)
* 16 April - Adolphe Thiers, politician, historian and Prime Minister of France (died 1877)
* 27 April - Jean Victoire Audouin, naturalist, entomologist and ornithologist (died 1841)
* 10 September - Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert, philanthropist (died 1847)
* 6 November - Gabriel Andral, pathologist (died 1876)

## Deaths

* 11 February - Antoine Dauvergne, composer and violinist (born 1713)
* 17 May - Michel-Jean Sedaine, dramatist (born 1719)
* 27 May
** François-Noël Babeuf, political agitator and journalist, executed (born 1760)
** Augustin Alexandre Darthé, Revolutionary, executed (born 1769)
* 18 November - Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, shipbuilder and merchant (born 1719)
# Abiomyia

Abiomyia is a genus of flies in the family Stratiomyidae.

## Species

* Abiomyia annulipes Kertész, 1914
* Abiomyia brunnipes Yang, Zhang & Li, 2014
* Abiomyia higona Nagatomi, 1975
* Abiomyia pallipes Brunetti, 1927