OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Len Ardill

Leonard Arthur Ardill (15 March 1931 – 4 April 2014) was an Australian state politician, representing the Labor.
Following time as an Alderman in the Brisbane City Council, including serving as the Vice Mayor, Ardill was elected in 1986 to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland as the member for Salisbury. He then became the member for Archerfield from 1992 till his retirement in 1998 .
His parliamentary service included time as the Chairman of the Parliamentary Travelsafe Committee and membership of the Parliamentary Public Works Committee.
Ardill died in 2014 and was cremated at Mt Gravatt Crematorium.
# 2008 Australian Open – Wheelchair women's doubles

Two-time defending champions Jiske Griffioen and Esther Vergeer defeated Korie Homan and Sharon Walraven in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the women's doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2008 Australian Open.

## Seeds

* Jiske Griffioen / Esther Vergeer (champions)
* Korie Homan / Sharon Walraven (final)

## Draw
### Key

* Q = Qualifier
* WC = Wild card
* LL = Lucky loser
* Alt = Alternate
* SE = Special exempt
* PR = Protected ranking
* ITF = ITF entry
* JE = Junior exempt
* w/o = Walkover
* r = Retired
* d = Defaulted
* SR = Special ranking

### Finals

| First round | First round | First round | First round | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Final | Final | Final | Final |
| 1 | Jiske Griffioen Esther Vergeer | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | Hwang Myung-Hee Park Ju-Yeon | 2 | 0 | | | | | | | | |
| | Hwang Myung-Hee Park Ju-Yeon | 2 | 0 | 1 | Jiske Griffioen Esther Vergeer | 6 | 6 | | | | |
| | | | | | Maaike Smit Aniek van Koot | 3 | 0 | | | | |
| | Maaike Smit Aniek van Koot | 6 | 6 | | Maaike Smit Aniek van Koot | 3 | 0 | | | | |
| | Nicole Harrison Mie Yaosa | 0 | 3 | | | | | | | | |
| | Nicole Harrison Mie Yaosa | 0 | 3 | | | | | 1 | Jiske Griffioen Esther Vergeer | 6 | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | 2 | Korie Homan Sharon Walraven | 3 | 1 |
| | Illanit Fridman Karin Korb | 3 | 4 | | | | | | | | | 2 | Korie Homan Sharon Walraven | 3 | 1 |
| | Daniela Di Toro Lucy Shuker | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | Daniela Di Toro Lucy Shuker | 6 | 6 | | Daniela Di Toro Lucy Shuker | 3 | 5 | | | | |
| | | | | 2 | Korie Homan Sharon Walraven | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| | Florence Gravellier Kaitlyn Verfuerth | 5 | 4 | 2 | Korie Homan Sharon Walraven | 6 | 7 | | | | |
| 2 | Korie Homan Sharon Walraven | 7 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
# Lemovices

The Lemovīcēs (Gaulish: *Lēmouīcēs, 'those who vanquish by the elm') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Limousin region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

## Name

They are mentioned as Lemovices by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Pliny (1st c. AD), Lemoouíkes (Λεμοουίκες) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as Limouikoí (Λιμουικοί) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).
The Gaulish ethnonym *Lemouīcēs literally means 'those who vanquish by the elm', probably in reference to the wood from which were made their spears or bows. It derives from the stem lēmo- ('elm'; cf. OIr. lem, Middle Welsh llwyfen) attached to the suffix -uices ('victors'). The Proto-Celtic stem *lēmo- or *limo- ultimately derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem or *h₁leym- ('elm'; cf. Latin ulmus 'elm', Old Norse almr 'elm, bow', Russian il'm 'mountain elm').
The city of Limoges, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Lemovicum ('civitas of the Lemovices', Lemovicas in 844, Lemotges in 1208), and the Limousin region, attested in the 6th c. AD as Lemovicinum (pago Lemovicino in 860, Lemozi in 1071–1127), are named after the Gallic tribe.

## History

They established themselves in Limousin and Poitou between 700 and 400 BC.
In 52 BC, some 10,000 Lemovician combatants fought against Julius Caesar at the Battle of Alesia as allies to the Arverni under Vercingetorix. Their chief, Sedullos, was killed during the battle.

## Geography
### Settlements

Their pre-Roman chief town was Durotincum, probably corresponding to the oppidum of Villejoubert. After their incorporation into the Roman province of Aquitania, Augustoritum (Limoges) was the capital of the civitas Lemovicum. In the 1st c. AD, it was administered by the vergobretus, and later by a duumviri.
Briva Curretia (Brive; from Gaulish briua 'bridge'), Blatomago (Blond) and Carovicus (Château-Chervix) are known vici ('villages') of the Lemovician territory.
Other locations associated with them were Acitodunum (Ahun), Argentate (Argentat), Cassinomagus (Chassenon), Roncomagus (Rancon), Excingidiacum (Yssandon) et Uxellum (Ussel). One of their main sanctuaries was recently found in Tintignac including several unique objects in the world such as "carnyx".

## Economy

Their territory was a region rich in gold, tin and iron.
Archaeologists during the latter part of the 19th century found gold mines in the Lemovician settlement in Limousin, particularly in the south-western region of the Massif Central in west-central France. This discovery allowed the identification of techniques and the chronology of the mining activity because the Lemovices did not mention their mining heritage and their gold.
# Helena Sá e Costa

Helena Moreira de Sá e Costa GOSE (26 May 1913 – 9 January 2006) was a pianist, concert performer and teacher.

## Early life and education

She was the granddaughter of Bernardo Valentim Moreira de Sá (founder of the Porto Music Conservatory) and daughter of the pianist Leonilda Moreira de Sá e Costa and the pianist and composer Luís Costa. Her sister Madalena was a cellist.
She completed her course at Lisbon National Piano Conservatory with a maximum mark of 20 out of 20, having been taught by her parents and Vianna da Motta. She also studied with Alfred Cortot and Edwin Fischer.

## Career

She performed with Fischer in 40 concerts in Europe's major cities, playing J. S. Bach's keyboard concertos nos. 2, 3 and 4.
She performed in Europe, North America and, Brazil, Angola and Mozambique. She worked with all the Portuguese orchestra conductors, including Ernest Ansermet, Igor Markevitch, Paul Klecki and Swarowky. Among the artists she worked with in concert performances were Pierre Fournier, Pablo Casals, Maurice Gendron, Sándor Végh, Arthur Grumiaux, János Starker, L. Hoelscher, Ruggiero Ricci, Stich-Randall, Rita Gorr, and Zara Nelsova. She formed a duo with her sister, the cellist Madalena Costa. Also with her sister and the violinist Henri Mouton, she formed the Trio Portugália.
She taught in the Lisbon and Porto conservatories, and also oversaw courses in Cascais, Espinho, Estoril, Salzburg (Austria), Gunsbach (Albert Schweitzer Centre, in Alsace, France), Switzerland, Italy, England, Germany, Canada and America. At the Music School of the Porto Polytechnic Institute she was Chair of the Installation Commission and Chair of the Scientific Council.
She performed at festivals, including those at Strasbourg, Wiesbaden, Haarlem, Prades, Gulbenkian, Majorca, Costa del Sol, Sintra, Espinho and Costa Verde. She served on the judging panels at international contests such as those at Berlin, Berna, Vianna da Motta, Palma de Mallorca, Canada, Maria Callas (Athens), Luís Costa (Porto) and the Portuguese Covilhã, Musical Youth and João Arroyo contests.
Her recordings include the first book of J. S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier; and also Beethoven's Concerto no. 4 and the "J. S. Bach Live Recording" (Porto 2001).

## Awards

She was awarded the Moreira de Sá prize (1939); the Beethoven prize instituted by Vianna da Motta (1937); The Commendation of the Order of Santiago de Espada (1982); the Grand Officer of the Military Order of Santiago da Espada, in 2001; the medal of Merit of the City of Porto (1983); attributed by the Secretary of State for Culture (1989); and the Almada Prize (2000).
# 2008 Tro-Bro Léon

The 2008 Tro-Bro Léon was the 25th edition of the Tro-Bro Léon cycle race and was held on 20 April 2008. The race was won by Frédéric Guesdon.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Frédéric Guesdon (FRA) | 4h 37' 18" |
| 2 | Maxim Gourov (KAZ) | + 1" |
| 3 | Julien Belgy (FRA) | + 45" |
| 4 | Lilian Jégou (FRA) | + 48" |
| 5 | Gabriel Rasch (NOR) | + 48" |
| 6 | Jean-Luc Delpech (FRA) | + 48" |
| 7 | Cédric Coutouly (FRA) | + 48" |
| 8 | Florent Brard (FRA) | + 48" |
| 9 | Benoît Sinner (FRA) | + 57" |
| 10 | Yauheni Hutarovich (BLR) | + 1' 30" |
# 1960 GP Ouest-France

The 1960 GP Ouest-France was the 24th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 August 1960. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Hubert Ferrer.

## General classification

| Rank | Rider | Time |
| 1 | Hubert Ferrer (FRA) | 5h 10' 00" |
| 2 | André Foucher (FRA) | + 10" |
| 3 | Joseph Velly (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 4 | Félix Lebuhotel (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 5 | Jean Gainche (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 6 | Emile Le Bigaut (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 7 | Marcel Carfantan (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 8 | Joseph Thomin (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 9 | Amand Audaire (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
| 10 | Emmanuel Crenn (FRA) | + 2' 10" |
# Karridene

Karridene is a small resort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is now part of eThekwini. Seaside resort at the mouth of the Umzimbaza River, 37 km south-west of Durban, between Illovo Beach and Umkomaas.

## History

Named after Lieutenant-Colonel Walter Karri-Davis, a mining magnate and owner of the ground where it was laid out.
# Herbert Langfeld

Herbert Sidney Langfeld (July 24, 1879 – February 25, 1958) was an American psychologist and a past president of the American Psychological Association (APA).

## Biography

Herbert Langfeld was born in Philadelphia on July 24, 1879. He grew up in Philadelphia and was initially drawn to a diplomatic career. He was working for the American Embassy in Berlin when he was attracted to psychology. He earned a PhD in 1909 at the University of Berlin. He took a faculty position at Harvard University and ultimately went to Princeton University, where he became the psychological laboratory director and later the department chair for psychology. While at Princeton he also directly influenced the ecological psychology approach of J. J. Gibson through his phenomenological ideas.
Langfeld was APA president in 1930. He also held leadership positions with the International Congress of Psychology and the Psychology Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
He died from heart disease in Princeton, New Jersey on February 25, 1958.
# Galanthus woronowii

Galanthus woronowii, the green snowdrop or Woronow's snowdrop, is a bulbous plant native to north-east Turkey and the west and central Caucasus. In cultivation particularly, it has often been confused with two other species with broad green leaves and a single green mark on the inner tepals: Galanthus ikariae and Galanthus platyphyllus (usually under its synonym G. latifolius).

## Description

Galanthus woronowii grows from a bulb. The leaves are "supervolute", i.e. one leaf is tightly clasped around the other within the bud, usually remaining like this at the base of the plant as it grows. The leaves are generally 13–25 cm (5–10 in) long, sometimes up to 41 cm (16 in), and around 13–21 mm (0.5–0.8 in) wide, although they may be narrower or wider. The leaf narrows at the base with widest part of the leaf in the upper third. The leaf is light to medium green; the lower surface is somewhat more shiny than the upper. The midrib of the leaf is prominent; there are also often two to four visible fold marks running along the length of the leaf.
The usually solitary flowers are born on a leafless green stem (scape), 4–19 cm (1.6–7.5 in) long. The pedicel (stalk) of the flower is 15–26 mm (0.6–1.0 in) long. The outer three tepals are considerably longer than the inner three, usually about 16–24 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long compared to 7–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in). Since the flower hangs downwards, the apex of the tepals is at the lowest point. The apex of the inner tepals has a "sinus" (i.e. it has a notch in the middle). There is a green mark around the sinus, either U-shaped or split into two parts on either side. The seed capsule is green, more or less spherical with brown seeds about 5 mm (0.2 in) long.

## Taxonomy

Galanthus woronowii was first described in 1935 by the Russian botanist Agnia Losina-Losinskaja. The specific epithet commemorates the botanist and plant collector Yury Nikolaevich Voronov.
Particularly in cultivation, it has frequently been confused with two other species, Galanthus platyphyllus (usually under its synonym G. latifolius) and Galanthus ikariae. All three species have broad green leaves arranged in a supervolute pattern (i.e. wrapped round one another at the base), and inner tepals with a green mark only at the apex. The inner tepals of G. platyphyllus lack a sinus at the apex, i.e. they do not have a notched edge. G. ikariae and G. woronowii are similar, although molecular studies have shown that they are distinct species. Some differences are:
* The green mark at the tips of the inner tepals is smaller and less bold in G. woronowii compared to G. ikariae, in which it typically occupies half or more of the area of the tepal.
* The leaves of G. woronowii are bright green; those of G. ikariae are duller, being described as "dark matt-green".
* A transverse section of a leaf shows differences in the air spaces. In G. woronowii the air spaces are small and generally invisible to the naked eye. In G. ikariae there are large air spaces, clearly visible to the naked eye.

## Cultivation

Galanthus woronowii has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
# Herbert George

Herbert John George (1893 – 19 April 1939) was a Welsh chemist and a lecturer at the University of Oxford.

## Biography
### Early life

George was educated at Cardiff High School and spent one session at University College, Cardiff before matriculating at Jesus College, Oxford in 1911 as a science scholar. He obtained a first-class degree in Natural Sciences in 1914.

### Military life experience

At the outbreak of the First World War, he enlisted in the Royal Welch Fusiliers, reaching the rank of lieutenant and seeing service at Gallipoli, where he was wounded. His health suffered further when posted to Mesopotamia, and he was invalided home. He then worked in the explosives department of the Ministry of Munitions, and gained first-hand knowledge of modern methods for manufacturing heavy chemicals.

### Life accomplishments

He was appointed by Jesus College as a Research Fellow and Lecturer in Chemistry in 1919, later becoming an Official Fellow and Tutor. He also held the college offices of Librarian, Junior Bursar and Senior Bursar. Within the university, he took charge of colloid chemistry and was appointed by Oxford University as one of its representatives on Oxford City Council. He was regarded as an authority on teaching science in schools, and was a member of committees in Wales and in Oxford controlling school examinations. His time for published work was limited by his other commitments, but he wrote on the absorption of gases on glass surfaces, on the theory of strong electrolytes and other subjects. He died on 19 April 1939 at the age of 46.
# Linda L. Ammons

Linda L. Ammons was the seventh Dean of the Widener University School of Law. Ammons was the first woman and the first African American to lead the Widener School of Law and the longest-serving African American female dean of any law school in the United States.

## Legal career

Ammons served as Executive Assistant to former Ohio Governor Richard F. Celeste, from 1988 to 1991, advising him on legal and policy matters in the criminal justice, regulatory and administrative areas. She was appointed to both the Ohio Supreme Court Futures Commission, as well as to the Ohio Public Defender's Commission, on which she served two four-year terms.
Ammons entered academia in 1991 when she joined the faculty of the Cleveland State University Cleveland-Marshall College of Law. Ammons taught Administrative Law, Legislation, Mass Communications Law and Women and the Law. From 2003 to 2006, she served as the associate dean of Cleveland-Marshall. In 2006, Ammons became the seventh Dean of the Widener University School of Law.

## Education

Ammons received her B.A. degree in English from Oakwood University in 1974. She then received her M.A. degree in communications from Ohio State University in 1980, and her J.D. degree from Ohio State University Moritz College of Law in 1987.

## Controversy

Some would say Ammons left Widener with a cloud over her head following her sanction of Professor Lawrence Connell who used Ammons in his class hypotheticals. Ammons sanctioned Connell calling him a "racist" and a "sexist" and requiring him to undergo a psychological evaluation before being allowed to return to school. A faculty hearing panel subsequently cleared Connell to return. Ammons insisted Connell complete the psychological evaluation and not return to school until he apologized to the students who brought the original complaint and was cleared by professionals to return to work. Widener accepted Ammons's suggestions in their entirety.
Connell subsequently sued Widener and settled with the school for an undisclosed amount in 2012.
The fallout caused a major donor to resign from the Board of Overseers and caused alumni donations to dip the following year. Ammons took a sabbatical during Fall 2014 and announced she would step down at the end of the 2014 school year.
She also sparked controversy when Governor Jack Markell commissioned her to perform an independent review in the child rape case of former Lewes-area pediatrician Earl Bradley. Part of her review included a suggestion of civil commitments of sexually violent predators who "cannot be successfully prosecuted." She later said she did not support the idea.
Also during her tenure as dean, eight students sued Widener, claiming the school's statistics about the employment of graduates were misleading, which the school denied. The class failed to be certified in 2015 and some students have reportedly begun individual suits.
# George Nelson

George Nelson may refer to:
* George Nelson (Lord Mayor of London), Lord Mayor of London, 1765
* George Nelson, 8th Earl Nelson (1905–1981)
* George Nelson (astronaut) (born 1950), former NASA astronaut
* George Nelson (designer) (1908–1986), American industrial designer
* George Nelson (footballer) (1919–1981), Australian footballer for Collingwood and Richmond
* George Nelson (trade unionist) (1868-1928), British trade unionist and politician
* George Nelson, 1st Baron Nelson of Stafford (1887–1962), British engineer
* George Nelson, 2nd Baron Nelson of Stafford (1917–1995), English engineer
* George A. Nelson (1873–1962), 1936 vice presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
* George B. Nelson (1876–1943), justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
* George R. Nelson (1927–1992), American set decorator
* George Nelson (Alamo defender)
# George Nelson, 8th Earl Nelson

George Joseph Horatio Nelson, 8th Earl Nelson (20 April 1905 – 21 September 1981), was a British peer and businessman. He inherited the title in 1972 on the death of his older brother Henry Nelson, 7th Earl Nelson.
Lord Nelson was born in Appleby Magna in Leicestershire, the fourth son of Edward Nelson, 5th Earl Nelson, and Geraldine (née Cave). He was the younger brother of both The 6th Earl Nelson and The 7th Earl Nelson.
George Nelson was educated at Ampleforth College in England and was registered as a Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (A.C.A.). In 1973 he was a pub landlord when he was invited by the Royal Navy to visit his ancestor's flagship HMS Victory at Portsmouth Harbour. On hearing he had never been aboard a battleship the Navy took him down the Solent on one. He married Winifred Mary Bevan, Countess Nelson, in 1945. Their daughter Lady Sarah Mary Josephine Nelson was born in 1947. She could not succeed to the title on the death of her father in 1981 aged 76, so it passed to her cousin, Peter Nelson.
# George E. Smith (footballer)

George E. Smith was an English professional footballer who played as an outside forward in the Football League for Brentford.

## Career

An outside forward, Smith began his career at hometown Second Division club South Shields. He was one of a number of northeasterners to make the move to Third Division club Brentford for the club's first season in the Football League in 1920–21. Smith was included in the squad for the Bees' first-ever league match on 28 August 1920, but fell behind George Taylor in the pecking order and made just 9 appearances all season before being released.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1920–21 | Third Division | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
# George Franklin Seymour

George Franklin Seymour (January 5, 1829 - December 8, 1906) was the first warden of St. Stephen's College (now Bard College) and the first Bishop of Springfield in the Episcopal Church.

## Early life and education

Seymour was born on January 5, 1829, in Newburgh, New York, the son of Isaac Newton Seymour and Elvira Belknap. He graduated from Columbia University in 1850, and then studied theology at the General Theological Seminary, from where he earned a Bachelor of Divinity in 1854. He was later awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity from Racine College in 1874, and a Doctor of Laws from Columbia University in 1878.

## Ordained ministry and career

Seymour was ordained deacon on December 17, 1854, by Bishop Horatio Potter of New York, and priest on September 23, 1855, by the same bishop. He was then appointed to serve as a missionary in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, where he remained till July 1861. While there, Seymour saw the building of a church and a training institution for preparation for the ordained ministry as part of St Stephen's College. In 1861, he became rector of St Mary's Church in Manhattanville, Manhattan, while in 1862, he became rector of Christ Church in Hudson, New York. Then, between 1863 and 1867, he served as rector of St John's Church in Brooklyn.
In 1865, he Seymour elected professor of church history at the General Theological Seminary, and in 1875, he was elected Dean of the same institution. He was also instrumental in retaining the presence of the seminary in Manhattan rather than relocating in a rural location. Between 1867 and 1879, he simultaneously served as chaplain to the House of Mercy.

## Bishop

Seymour was elected Bishop of Illinois in 1874, however the House of Deputies refused to confirm the election. On December 19, 1877, he was then elected as the first Bishop of Springfield, and this time the standing committee and the House of Bishops confirmed the election. However, Seymour did not accept the election, formally declining in April 1878. Nonetheless, he was once more re-elected in May 1878, and accepted. He was then consecrated at Trinity Church in New York City on June 11, 1878, by Bishop Horatio Potter.
He died from pneumonia in Springfield, Illinois on December 8, 1906.