OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Long Island Electric Railway

The Long Island Electric Railway was a streetcar company operating in Brooklyn, Queens, and Nassau County, New York, United States between 1894 and 1926. The company was partially owned by the Long Island Consolidated Electric Companies, a holding company for the Long Island Rail Road and partially by August Belmont and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. It connected the east end of the Fulton Street El at Crescent Street station in City Line, Brooklyn with Jamaica, Queens, and ran from there to the Nassau County line at Queens Village and to Far Rockaway, Queens via Nassau County. It also had a connection to Belmont Park. The New York and Long Island Traction Company used trackage rights over its line from Crescent Street to Queens Village.
Both Long Island Electric and the New York and Long Island Traction Companies went bankrupt in 1926, following a fire that destroyed the companies' barn facility in 1924. However while trolley service was no longer available for Nassau County, the LIER was reorganized and reestablished as the Jamaica Central Railways, which ran both buses and trolleys for the next six years, and buses exclusively for the rest of the 20th Century as Jamaica Buses until it was acquired by the MTA Bus Company in 2006.
# Leamington & Warwick Tramways & Omnibus Company

The Leamington & Warwick Tramways & Omnibus Company operated a tramway service between Warwick and Leamington Spa between 1881 and 1930.

## Horse operation

From 1872 various tramway projects were considered until the Leamington Tramways Order of 1879 was granted. The Leamington & Warwick Tramways & Omnibus Company Ltd was registered on 18 February 1880. On 14 May 1881 they signed a contract with John Fell of Leamington for the construction of the line. On 17 November 1880, the work was completed. The cost of construction had been £14,800 (equivalent to £1,890,000 in 2023).
The line ran from outside the Lord Leycester Hospital, through Jury Street, Smith Street, and Emscote Road, across Portobello Bridge over the River Avon, and into Leamington, along Warwick Street, down The Parade and through to Leamington Spa railway station.
It opened for passengers on 21 November 1881. It was a single track standard gauge line, with 2 tracks on Smith Street in Warwick, and additional passing loops and a line into stables at Coten End. There were seven trams operating a 13-minute headway service. Four were Metropolitan cars, two were Brown Marshall and one was ex-Birmingham Tramways Company.

## Electric operation

The company was obtained by Brush Electric Traction in 1900 and the Warwick Tramways Order of 1900 and Leamington Tramways Order of 1901 allowed for electrification. The company re-built the tramway in 1905 and replaced the horse cars with electric powered vehicles. The company took the opportunity to double track most of the line, at the same time converting the track gauge to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm). The power station was built specially for the tramway conversion. The electric service started on 12 July 1905. In 1912 the tramway and lighting company was purchased by Balfour Beatty and Company.
The system was closed on 16 August 1930.

### Fleet

The company livery was green and cream.
* 1-6 Brush cars 1905
* 7-12 Brush cars 1905 (purchased from the Taunton Tramways)
* 14 Balfour Beatty and Company 1921
No 7 was damaged beyond repair in an accident on 3 January 1916 when it ran away and crashed into the Warwick Arms.
On closure in 1930, No 11 was sold to the Llandudno and Colwyn Bay Electric Railway.
The remains of No. 11 were last seen in 1956 by John Price on the closure of the L&CBET.

## Surviving trams

After electrification, horse car 1 was sold and converted into a bungalow at nearby Claverdon. It was rescued by the Birmingham Railway Museum in 1984 and is now at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire. The car is displayed in the museum's main exhibition hall in unrestored state as a way of illustrating the state that many of the museum’s tramcars were in at the time they were taken into preservation.
# Locust Grove, Oregon

Locust Grove is an unincorporated community and ghost town in Sherman County, Oregon, United States. It is located on Oregon Route 206, six miles west of Wasco.
Established in 1895, the town's last burial occurred in 1914, and it has remained unoccupied since.
# Kōnomine Castle

Kōnomine Castle (高嶺城, Kōnomine-jō) is a castle structure in Yamaguchi, Japan. It is located on a 338 meter mountain.

## History

Kōnomine Castle was built in 1556 by Ōuchi Yoshinaga as a supporting castle of Ōuchi-shi Yakata, but Mōri Motonari`s army advanced to Suō Province, Ōuchi Yoshinaga left Ōuchi-shi Yakata and Kōnomine Castle without resistance.
In 1638, Kōnomine castle was abandoned. The castle was listed as one of the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles in 2017.

## Current

The castle is now only ruins, with some stone walls and moats left intact.

## Literature

* De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-9492722300.
# Davide Pagliarani

Davide Pagliarani FSSPX (born 25 October 1970) is an Italian traditionalist Catholic priest of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX) who has served as its superior general since 2018.

## Biography

Pagliarani entered the SSPX's seminary in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain in 1989. Following his studies, he completed military service. Pagliarani was ordained a priest of the SSPX in 1996 by the then-Superior General, Bishop Bernard Fellay. Fr. Pagliarani ministered in Rimini for seven years, before being transferred to Singapore for a further three years. He then served as superior of the District of Italy between 2006 and 2012, becoming rector of the Nuestra Señora Corredentora Seminary in the Province of Buenos Aires from 2012.
On July 11, 2018, at the SSPX's general chapter, Pagliarani was elected superior general of the Society for a 12-year term, succeeding Bishop Fellay. Pagliarani is reputed to advocate a more hardline approach concerning Vatican relations relative to Fellay's approach, yet he did meet with Cardinal Luis Ladaria Ferrer, president of the Ecclesia Dei Commission, on November 2, 2018, at the Vatican.

## Views

Pagliarani is known to be an outspoken critic of Pope Francis. Even before his election as superior general, he had already criticized and denounced Francis' 2016 apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia. Following the events that occurred at the 2019 Amazon synod, Pagliarani called for "a day of prayer and reparation" and called the synod "demonic" and "idolatrous." In October 2020, Pagliarani criticized the encyclical Laudato si' for its reduction of Christian sanctity to environmentalism, ecumenism of the Document on Human Fraternity and its extension to the encyclical Fratelli tutti. Recently, Pagliarani lamented on the motu proprio Traditionis custodes promulgated by Francis in July 2021 restricting the use of the Tridentine Mass. In a sermon delivered at Mass on July 18, 2021, Pagliarani asked, "Why is this Mass the 'apple of discord'? Why does this Mass divide?" and criticized the pope once more, saying, "The pope and his accomplices are the jail guards of tradition. They are guardians of the zoo." Pagliarani also issued a communiqué regarding the motu proprio in which he stated, "This Mass, our Mass, must really be for us like the pearl of great price in the Gospel, for which we are ready to renounce everything, for which we are ready to sell everything."
# Hamber

Hamber is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Eric Hamber (1879–1960), Canadian businessman and the 15th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
* Jan Hamber, American ornithologist and conservationist
* John Hamber (1931–2013), sailor who represented the United States Virgin Islands
# 1986 Bavarian Tennis Championships

The 1986 Bavarian Tennis Championships was a men's Grand Prix Tennis Circuit held in Munich, West Germany. The tournament was held from 5 May through 12 May 1986. It is now part of the ATP Tour. Emilio Sánchez won the singles title.

## Finals
### Singles

Emilio Sánchez defeated Ricki Osterthun 6–1, 6–3
* It was Sánchez's 3rd title of the year and the 6th of his career.

### Doubles

Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Broderick Dyke / Wally Masur 6–3, 4–6, 6–4
* It was Casal's 1st title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Sánchez's 2nd title of the year and the 5th of his career.
# Libertad, Uruguay

Libertad is a small city in the San José Department of southern Uruguay. Its main commercial street is 25 de Agosto and its central square is Plaza Treinta y Tres Orientales.

## Geography

The city is located on Route 1, about 50 kilometers from Montevideo

## History

It was founded in November 1872. On 8 November 1902, by Decree, it was declared a "Pueblo" (village). On 1 July 1953, its status was elevated to "Villa" (town) by the Act of Ley Nº 11.964, and on 15 October 1963, to "Ciudad" (city) by the Act of Ley Nº 13.167.

## Population

In 2011 Libertad had a population of 10,166.
| Year | Population |
| 1908 | 5,609 |
| 1963 | 5,072 |
| 1975 | 6,107 |
| 1985 | 7,032 |
| 1996 | 8,353 |
| 2004 | 9,196 |
| 2011 | 10,166 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay

## Places of worship

* Parish Church of Our Lady of Sorrows and St. Isidore the Laborer (Roman Catholic, Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate)
# 1904 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship

The 1904 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 15th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.
Two-Mile Borris were the defending champions.
Thurles won the championship after receiving a walkover from Lahorna de Wets in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title since 1887.
# Dennis A. Williams

Dennis Arthur Williams is a New Zealand former rugby league international.

## Playing career

Williams was a Te Atatu Roosters player in the Auckland Rugby League competition. In 1977 he won the Rothville Trophy as player of the year and in 1980 he was the competition's leading goalscorer. In 1981 he again was the leading goalscorer, despite switching to local rivals the Glenora Bears.

## Representative career

Williams celebrated his 18th birthday with a try in his first Test match against Great Britain during the New Zealand national rugby league team' successful tour in 1971. Williams also represented New Zealand Māori.
On 21 June 1977, Williams captained Auckland to an upset win over Australia. The squad went on a grand slam, defeating the touring French and British sides in the same year.

## Legacy

In 1995 Williams was inducted by the New Zealand Rugby League as one of the inaugural Legends of League.
# Locust Grove, Wayne County, Indiana

Locust Grove is an unincorporated community in Boston Township, Wayne County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.
# Kõnnu Pikkjärv

Kõnnu Pikkjärv is a lake of Estonia.
# Hamberg, North Dakota

Hamberg is a tiny city in Wells County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 11 at the 2020 census. There are no businesses or services at Hamberg.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.40 square miles (1.04 km$^2$), all land.

## Demographics
### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 21 people, 11 households, and 5 families residing in the city. The population density was 52.5 inhabitants per square mile (20.3/km$^2$). There were 15 housing units at an average density of 37.5 per square mile (14.5/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 100.0% White.
There were 11 households, of which 9.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 54.5% were non-families. 54.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 56.3 years. 9.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 14.3% were from 25 to 44; 38% were from 45 to 64; and 33.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 71.4% male and 28.6% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 6 families. The population density was 72.3 inhabitants per square mile (27.9/km$^2$). There were 15 housing units at an average density of 38.7 per square mile (14.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White.
There were 13 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.2% were non-families. 46.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 14.3% under the age of 18, 14.3% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 180.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 200.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $29,375. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the city was $30,100. There were no families and 28.6% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and none of those over 64.
# 1986 Belgian Classic

The 1986 BCE Belgian Classic was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament only held once between 14 and 17 January 1986 at the Ostend Casino in Ostend, Belgium.
Terry Griffiths won the tournament, defeating Kirk Stevens 9–7 in the final.
Another championship was due to take place in 1987 played at the same venue between 7 and 15 March. With the withdrawal of all seven of Barry Hearn's Matchroom players including champion Griffiths (they were playing in the new Kent Cup in China around that time), the tournament was cancelled.

## Main draw

| Quarter-finals Best of 9 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 9 frames | Quarter-finals Best of 9 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Semi-finals Best of 9 frames | Final Best of 17 frames | Final Best of 17 frames | Final Best of 17 frames |
| Terry Griffiths | Terry Griffiths | 5 | | | | | | |
| Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 2 | | | | | | |
| Steve Davis | Steve Davis | 2 | Terry Griffiths | Terry Griffiths | 5 | | | |
| | | | Tony Knowles | Tony Knowles | 2 | | | |
| Tony Knowles | Tony Knowles | 5 | Tony Knowles | Tony Knowles | 2 | | | |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 3 | | | | | | |
| Jimmy White | Jimmy White | 3 | | | | Terry Griffiths | Terry Griffiths | 9 |
| | | | | | | Kirk Stevens | Kirk Stevens | 7 |
| Kirk Stevens | Kirk Stevens | 5 | | | | | | | Kirk Stevens | Kirk Stevens | 7 |
| Ray Reardon | Ray Reardon | 1 | | | | | | |
| Ray Reardon | Ray Reardon | 1 | Kirk Stevens | Kirk Stevens | 5 | | | |
| | | | Alex Higgins | Alex Higgins | 4 | | | |
| Alex Higgins | Alex Higgins | 5 | Alex Higgins | Alex Higgins | 4 | | | |
| Dennis Taylor | Dennis Taylor | 1 | | | | | | |
# Herrin Peak

Herrin Peak (79°16′S 85°45′W﻿ / ﻿79.267°S 85.750°W﻿ / -79.267; -85.750) is a large snow-covered peak, 1,755 metres (5,760 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km) south of Landmark Peak on the east side of Gowan Glacier, in the Heritage Range of Antarctica. It was named by the University of Minnesota Geological Party of 1963–64 for John M. Herrin, a helicopter crew chief with the 62nd Transportation Detachment, who assisted the party.
# 2014 Uber Cup group stage

This article lists the complete results of the group stage of the 2014 Uber Cup in New Delhi, India.

## Group W

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | L | MF | MA |
| China | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| England | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| Chinese Taipei | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| Russia | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 13 |

### England vs Russia
## Group X

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | L | MF | MA |
| South Korea | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 1 |
| Indonesia | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 |
| Singapore | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| Australia | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 15 |

### Australia vs Singapore
## Group Y

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | L | MF | MA |
| India | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 3 |
| Thailand | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 5 |
| Hong Kong | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 |
| Canada | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 14 |

### Canada vs Hong Kong
## Group Z

| Team | Pts | Pld | W | L | MF | MA |
| Japan | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 2 |
| Denmark | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 6 |
| Malaysia | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 |
| Germany | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 15 |
# 1955 Bordeaux Grand Prix

The 1955 Bordeaux Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 24 April 1955 on a street circuit centred around the Place des Quinconces in Bordeaux, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jean Behra, who also set pole position, driving a Maserati 250F. Luigi Musso finished second and Roberto Mieres third. Less than a minute separated the three drivers after nearly three hours of racing. Stirling Moss, who had lost time fixing a loose tank strap, set fastest lap during a spirited attempt to catch the leading trio.

## Classification
### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Entrant | Car | Time/Retired | Grid |
| 1 | 14 | Jean Behra | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 250F | 2:54:12.6, 65.07mph | 1 |
| 2 | 18 | Luigi Musso | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 250F | +0.2s | 2 |
| 3 | 16 | Roberto Mieres | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 250F | +0.7s | 6 |
| 4 | 10 | Stirling Moss | Stirling Moss Ltd. | Maserati 250F | +1 lap | 3 |
| 5 | 2 | Robert Manzon | Equipe Gordini | Gordini Type 16 | +2 laps | 7 |
| 6 | 22 | B. Bira | Prince Bira | Maserati 250F | +4 laps | 9 |
| Ret | 20 | André Simon | André Simon | Maserati 250F | 99 laps, oil pressure | 10 |
| Ret | 10 | Louis Rosier | Equipe Rosier | Maserati 250F | 81 laps, gear selector | 12 |
| Ret | 8 | Maurice Trintignant Giuseppe Farina | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 555 | 70 laps, brake pipe | 5 |
| Ret | 4 | Elie Bayol | Equipe Gordini | Gordini Type 16 | 22 laps, engine | 8 |
| Ret | 24 | Alfonso de Portago | Marquis de Portago | Ferrari 625 | 15 laps, mechanical | 11 |
| Ret | 6 | Giuseppe Farina | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 555 | 14 laps, gearbox casing | 4 |
# 1946 National Invitation Tournament

The 1946 National Invitation Tournament was the 1946 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.

## Selected teams

Below is a list of the eight teams selected for the tournament.
* Arizona
* Bowling Green
* Kentucky
* Muhlenberg
* Rhode Island
* St. John's
* Syracuse
* West Virginia

## Bracket

Below is the tournament bracket.
| Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Finals | Finals | Finals |
| Rhode Island | Rhode Island | 82 | | | | | | |
| Bowling Green | Bowling Green | 79 | | | | | | |
| Bowling Green | Bowling Green | 79 | Rhode Island | Rhode Island | 59 | | | |
| | | | Muhlenberg | Muhlenberg | 49 | | | |
| Muhlenberg | Muhlenberg | 47 | Muhlenberg | Muhlenberg | 49 | | | |
| Syracuse | Syracuse | 41 | | | | | | |
| Syracuse | Syracuse | 41 | | | | Rhode Island | Rhode Island | 45 |
| | | | | | | Kentucky | Kentucky | 46 |
| West Virginia | West Virginia | 70 | | | | | | | Kentucky | Kentucky | 46 |
| St. John's | St. John's | 58 | | | | | | |
| St. John's | St. John's | 58 | West Virginia | West Virginia | 51 | | | |
| | | | Kentucky | Kentucky | 59 | | | |
| Kentucky | Kentucky | 77 | Kentucky | Kentucky | 59 | | | |
| Arizona | Arizona | 53 | | | | | | |
| Third place game | Third place game | Third place game |
| Muhlenberg | Muhlenberg | 40 |
| West Virginia | West Virginia | 65 |
# L. B. McGinnis

Larry Bruce McGinnis (April 7, 1941 - April 5, 2014, Amarillo, TX), also known as L. B. McGinnis and Bruce McGinnis, was an American writer, poet, and college professor. He was a professor of English at Amarillo College for 37 years.
McGinnis was the author of four novels: The Fence (1979, ISBN 978-0814908211), Sweet Cane (1981, ISBN 978-0814908570), Reflections in Dark Glass: The Life and Times of John Wesley Hardin (1996, ISBN 978-1574410082), and Dog Dreams (2007); and a non-fiction book about a saddle maker, Schweitzer.
McGinnis received the Amarillo College John F. Mead Faculty Excellence Award in 2000–2001.
# Ladigesocypris irideus

Ladigesocypris irideus or Squalius irideus is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is known from three sites in Turkey, but remains poorly known, also as regards its taxonomy.
Some include it in the ghizáni (Squalius ghigii), else known from Rhodes only, although its closes relative appears to be Ladigesocypris mermere.

## Sources

* ↑ Freyhof, J. (2014). "Ladigesocypris irideus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T61266A19009700. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T61266A19009700.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). "Ladigesocypris irideus". FishBase.
* This Leuciscidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# 1985 in German television

This is a list of German television related events from 1985.

## Events

* 21 March - Wind are selected to represent Germany at the 1985 Eurovision Song Contest with their song "Für alle". They are selected to be the thirtieth German Eurovision entry during Ein Lied für Göteborg held at the German Theatre in Munich.

## Debuts
### ARD

* 7 January – Der Sonne entgegen (1985)
* 14 January – Gespenstergeschichten (1985)
* 31 January – Känguru (1985–1986)
* 22 March – ...Erbin sein - dagegen sehr (1985)
* 3 April – Schöne Ferien (1985)
* 25 April – Zentrale Bangkok (1985)
* 27 June – Ein Mann macht klar Schiff (1985–1986)
* July – War was, Rickie? (1985)
* 18 September – Levin und Gutman (1985)
* 11 October –
** Ich, Christian Hahn (1985–1986)
** Das Rätsel der Sandbank (1985)
* 15 November – Fritz Golgowsky (1985–1986)
* 8 December – Lindenstraße (1985–2020)

### ZDF

* 23 January – Ein Heim für Tiere (1985–1992)
* 19 February – Der eiserne Weg [de] (1985)
* 28 April – Glücklich geschieden (1985)
* 30 August – Alte Gauner (1985)
* 1 September – Via Mala (1985)
* 12 September – Die Nervensäge (1985–1986)
* 22 October – The Black Forest Clinic (1985–1989)
* 5 December – Oliver Maass (1985)

### DFF

* 4 January – Die Leute von Züderow (1985)
* 27 January – Bei Hausers zu Hause (1985)
* 8 March – Johann Sebastian Bach (1985)
* 17 May – Zahn um Zahn (1985–1988)
* 10 November – Der Sohn des Schützen (1985)

### International

* 2 January - The Love Boat (1977–1986) (Sat.1)
* 29 May - Hill Street Blues (1981–1987) (ZDF)
* 27 August - Danger Mouse (1981–1992) (ZDF)

### BFBS

* 19 May - Bertha (1985–1986)
* T-Bag (1985–1992)
* Who Sir? Me Sir? (1985)
* / Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds (1981–1982)
* Dodger, Bonzo and the Rest (1985–1986)
* Puddle Lane (1985–1989)
* Mop and Smiff (1985)
* Tales from Fat Tulip's Garden (1985)
* Dempsey and Makepeace (1985–1986)
* Gems (1985–1988)
* EastEnders (1985–present)

## Television shows
### 1950s

* Tagesschau (1952–present)

### 1960s

* heute (1963-present)

### 1970s

* heute-journal (1978-present)
* Tagesthemen (1978-present)

### 1980s

* Wetten, dass..? (1981-2014)

## Networks and services
### Launches

| Network | Type | Launch date | Notes | Source |
| Europa TV | Cable television | 5 October | | |

### Conversions and rebrandings

| Old network name | New network name | Type | Conversion Date | Notes | Source |
| | | Cable and satellite | | | |

### Closures

| Network | Type | End date | Notes | Sources |
| [] | Cable and satellite | | | |

## Deaths

* This German television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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