# List of female monarchs

* Top left: Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning female monarch, ruling as Queen of the United Kingdom for 70 years, from 1952 to 2022.
* Top right: Victoria ruled as Queen of the United Kingdom for 63 years, from 1837 to 1901; the longest at the time.
* Bottom left: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands for 58 years from 1890 to 1948, is the longest-reigning female monarch outside the United Kingdom.
* Bottom right: Margrethe II was Queen of Denmark for 52 years, from 1972 until her abdication in 2024; she is the most recent female monarch of a sovereign state.
This is a list of current and former female monarchs regardless of title, including queens regnant, empresses regnant, pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, such queens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, see list of current consorts of sovereigns. Female regents are not included, see list of regents.
The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant. Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no official legal recognition while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regent, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Page does include claimants and anti-rulers whose recognition among their subjects and legitimacy as monarchs is disputed.

## Monarchs
### Africa
#### North Africa
##### Algeria

| Monarch | Portrait | State | Reign dates | Length | Ref. |
| Tin Hinan | | Hoggar | 4th century AD | Unknown | |
| Dihya | | Kingdom of the Aurès | c. 668–703 AD | c. 35 years | |

##### Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are Spanish territories of North Africa.
Peraza family
| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Reign dates | Length | Ref. |
| Inés Peraza | – | Queen | Lordship of the Canary Islands | 1452–1477 | 25 years | |
Kingdom of the Canary Islands The title of "King/Queen of the Canary Islands" was included in the list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown.
| Monarch | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Isabella I of Castile | 4 September 1479 | 26 November 1504 | 25 years, 83 days |
| Joanna of Castile | 26 November 1504 | 12 April 1555 | 50 years, 137 days |
| Isabella II of Spain | 29 September 1833 | 30 November 1833 | 62 days |

##### Egypt

The first verified female monarch of Egypt is Sobekneferu of the Twelfth dynasty. However, queens from earlier periods such as Neithhotep, Merneith and Khentkaus I held powerful positions and may have ruled Egypt in their own right, but the archaeological evidence is ambiguous. Many of the Ptolemaic kings co-ruled with their queens. However, Arsinoe II, Berenice II, Arsinoe III and Cleopatra I are considered monarchs by Sally-Ann Ashton, but not by Tara Sewell-Lasater.
| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Sobekneferu | | Pharaoh | Middle Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1777 BC | c. 1773 BC | 3 years, 10 months and 24 days |
| Hatshepsut | | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1479 BC | c. 1458 BC | c. 21 years |
| Neferneferuaten | | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1334 BC | c. 1332 BC | c. 2 years |
| Twosret | | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1191 BC | c. 1189 BC | 2 years |
| Arsinoe II | | Pharaoh (disputed) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 273 or 272 BC | 270 or 268 BC | 2 to 5 years |
| Berenice II | | Pharaoh (disputed) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 246 BC | 221 BC | 25 years |
| Arsinoe III | | Pharaoh (disputed) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 220 BC | 204 BC | 16 years |
| Cleopatra I | | Pharaoh (disputed) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 193 BC | 176 BC | 17 years |
| Cleopatra II | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 170 BC | 164 BC | 51 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra II | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 163 BC | 127 BC | 51 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra II | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 124 BC | 115 BC | 51 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra III | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | c. 139 BC | 130 BC | c. 35 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra III | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 127 BC | 101 BC | c. 35 years (Total) |
| Berenice III | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 101 BC | 88 BC | 14 years (Total) |
| Berenice III | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 81 BC | 80 BC | 14 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra V | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 79 BC | 69 BC | 11 years (Total) |
| Cleopatra VI | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 58 BC | 57 BC | 11 years (Total) |
| Berenice IV | – | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 58 BC | 55 BC | 3 years |
| Cleopatra VII | | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic Kingdom | 51 BC | 12 August 30 BC | 21 years |
| Arsinoe IV | | Pharaoh (disputed) | Ptolemaic Kingdom | December 48 BC | January 47 BC | 1 or 2 months |
| Zenobia | | Queen (disputed) | Aegyptus | October 270 | June 272 | 1 year and 9 months |
| Shajar al-Durr | | Sultan | Mamluk Sultanate | 2 May 1250 | 30 July 1250 | 3 months |

##### Libya

| Monarch | Portrait | State | Reign dates | Length | Ref. |
| Berenice II | | Cyrenaica | 258–246 BC | 12 years | |
| Cleopatra Selene II | | Cyrenaica | 34–30 BC | 4 years | |

##### Sudan

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Reign dates | Length |
| Nahirqo | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Mid-2nd century BC | – |
| Unknown Queen | – | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | End of 2nd–first half of 1st century BC | – |
| Amanirenas | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | End of 1st century BC–Beginning of 1st century AD | – |
| Amanishakheto | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Early 1st century AD | – |
| Shanakdakhete | – | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | First half of the 1st century AD | – |
| Nawidemak | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | First half of the 1st century AD | – |
| Amanitore | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Mid-1st century AD | – |
| Amanikhatashan | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Mid-2nd century AD | – |
| Amanikhalika | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Second half of the 2nd century AD | – |
| Patrapeamani [de] | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | First half of the 4th century AD | – |
| Amanipilade | | Kandake | Kingdom of Kush | Mid-4th century AD | – |
| Gaua | – | Queen | Dotawo | c. 1520–1526 | c. 6 years |

#### West Africa
##### Benin

| Monarch | State | Reign dates | Length | Ref. |
| Hude | Hogbonu | 1746–1752 | 6 years | |

##### The Gambia

* Elizabeth II, Queen of the Gambia (reigned 1965–1970)

##### Ghana

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Dode Akaabi | Gã Mantse | Gã | 1610 | 1635 | 25 years |
| Afrakoma | Ohemmaa | Akwamu | 1625 | 1640 | 15 years |
| Amoako Atta Yiadom | Denkyirahene | Denkyira | 1770 | 1793 | 23 years |
| Nana Afia Dokuaa | Okyenhene | Akyem Abuakwa | 1817 | 1835 | 18 years |
| Ama Serwah | Dwabenhene | Dwaben | 1838 | 1846 | 8 years |
| Unknown Queen | Dwabenhene | Dwaben | 1846 | Unknown | – |
| Nana Juaben Serwah II | Dwabenhene | Dwaben | April 1959 | 1966 | 7 years |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Dominion of Ghana | 6 March 1957 | 1 July 1960 | 3 years |

##### Guinea-Bissau

Orango
* Okinka Pampa (reigned 1910–1930)
Canhabaque
* Idiana Ibop, also known as Juliana (reigned ?–1925)

##### Côte d'Ivoire

Baoule
* Pokou (reigned c. 1750 – c. 1760) – Queen and founder of the Baoule tribe.
* Akwa Boni (reigned c. 1760 – c. 1790) – Pokou's niece who succeeded her to the throne.

##### Liberia

* Famata Bendu, queen of the Vai people (reigned ?–1892)

##### Mali

Mali Empire
* Kassi (reigned ?–1352/1353), co-ruler with Mansa Sulayman

##### Nigeria

Akure Kingdom
* Èyé Àró (reigned 1393–1419)
* Èyémọ̀ị́n (reigned 1705–1735)
* Amọ́robíòjò (reigned 1850–1851)
Daura
The title "Kabara" was used by female monarchs who ruled over the Hausa people in the Middle Ages. A line of matriarchal monarchs is recorded in the Kano Chronicle that ends with the reign of Daurama in the 9th century. These queens reigned from c. 700 to c. 1000.
* Kufuru
* Ginu
* Yakumo
* Yakunya
* Wanzamu
* Yanbamu
* Gizir-gizir
* Inna-Gari
* Daurama
* Ga-Wata
* Shata
* Fatatuma
* Sai-Da-Mata
* Ja-Mata
* Ha-Mata
* Zama
* Sha-Wata
* Daurama II
Federation of Nigeria
* Elizabeth II, Queen of Nigeria (reigned 1960–1963)
Ifẹ
* Ooni Luwoo (reigned in the 10th century)
Igala Kingdom
* Ebulejonu, also known as Ebule (reigned in the 16th century)
Igodomigodo
* Emose (reigned 584–600)
* Orrorro (reigned 600–618)
Kumbwada Kumbwada has been ruled by women for at least six successive generations.
* Magajiya Maimuna
* Grandmother of Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed
* Hajiya Haidzatu Ahmed
Ondo Kingdom
* Pupupu, founder and ruler of the Ondo Kingdom c. 1510.
Oyo Empire
* Orompoto (reigned c. 1555–1575) – Succeeded her brother Eguguojo to the throne.
Zazzau
* Amina – There is controversy among scholars as to the date of her reign, one school placing her in the mid-15th century, and a second placing her reign in the mid to late 16th century.

##### Senegal

Lingeer's leadership activities were carried out at the highest tier, as a co-monarch.
* Lingeer Fatoumata Sall [fr]
* Lingeer Fatim Beye (reigned c. 1335)
* Lingeer Ndoye Demba (reigned c. 1367) – she was the founder of the Serer Joos Maternal Dynasty
* Lingeer Ngoné Dièye
* Njembot Mbodj
* Ndaté Yalla Mbodj
* Lingeer Selbeh Ndoffene Joof

##### Sierra Leone

Dominion of Sierra Leone
* Elizabeth II, Queen of Sierra Leone (reigned 1961–1971)
Koya Temne
* Fatima (reigned 1826–1840)
Kpa Mende
* Madam Yoko (reigned 1878–1906)

#### Central Africa
##### Angola

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Mussasa | – | Queen | Imbangala | 17th century | Unknown | – |
| Tembandumba | | Queen | Imbangala | 17th century | Unknown | – |
| Mwongo Matamba [sv] | – | Queen | Matamba | Unknown | 1631 | – |
| Nzinga (Ana I) | | Ngola | Ndongo | 1624 | 1626 | 2 years |
| Nzinga (Ana I) | | Ngola | Ndongo | 1657 | 1663 | 6 years |
| Nzinga (Ana I) | | Queen | Matamba | 1631 | 1663 | 32 years |
| Barbara | – | Ngola | Ndongo | 1663 | 1666 | 3 years |
| Barbara | – | Queen | Matamba | 1663 | 1666 | 3 years |
| Verónica I | – | Queen | Matamba | 1681 | 1721 | 40 years |
| Ana II | – | Queen | Matamba | 1742 | 1756 | 14 years |
| Verónica II | – | Queen | Matamba | 1756 | 1758 | 2 years |
| Ana III | – | Queen | Matamba | 1758 | 1767 | 9 years |
| Kamana | – | Queen | Jinga | 1767 | 1810 | 43 years |
Mbunda Kingdom
* Vamwene Naama
* Vamwene Yamvu
* Vamwene Mbaao ya Chinguli (reigned in the 1500s–early 1600s)
* Vamwene Kaamba ka Mbaao
* Vamwene Mukenge wa Lweembe, Livindamo
Kingdom of kongo There were two female monarchs during Kongo Civil War.
* Ana Afonso de Leão, queen of Kinlaza
* Suzana de Nóbrega [pt], queen of Kimpanzu
Luvale Nhakatolo [pt] or Nyakatolo is the hereditary queen of Luvale.
* Nyakatolo Kuvango
* Nyakatolo Ngambo
* Nyakatolo Kutemba
* Nyakatolo Chissengo
* Lurdes Nhakatolo Tchilombo [pt]

##### Cameroon

* Soukda, founder of the Mandara Kingdom (reigned c. 1500)
* Ngoungoure, queen of Bamum (reigned 1865) – her reign lasted 30 minutes

##### Chad

Kanem–Bornu Empire
* Aissa Koli (reigned 1497–1504 or 1563–1570)

#### East Africa
##### Comoros

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Alimah I | – | Sultan | Sultanate of Ndzuwani | Unknown | c. 1590 | – |
| Alimah II | – | Sultan | Sultanate of Ndzuwani | c. 1632 | c. 1676 | 44 years |
| Alimah III | – | Sultan | Sultanate of Ndzuwani | c. 1676 | c. 1711 | 35 years |
| Alimah IV | – | Sultan | Sultanate of Ndzuwani | 1788 | 1792 | 4 years |
| Djoumbé Fatima | | Sultan | Sultanate of Mwali | 1842 | 1865 | 23 years |
| Djoumbé Fatima | | Sultan | Sultanate of Mwali | 1874 | 1878 | 4 years |
| Salima Machamba | | Sultan | Sultanate of Mwali | 1888 | 1909 | 21 years |
Bambao
* Nyau wa Faume
Itsandra
* Fey Beja waWabeja, Mfalme
Bajini
* Ja Mhaba, Mfalme
* Hadija bint Ahmed, Mfalme

##### Ethiopia

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Zewditu | | Empress | Ethiopian Empire | 27 September 1916 | 2 April 1930 | 13 years, 187 days |

##### Kenya

* Elizabeth II, Queen of Kenya (reigned 1963–1964)
* Mwana Mkisi, founder of Mombasa, founded in c. 900 AD
* Mwana Inali, ruler of Kitao on Manda Island – she was the ruler of Kitao when the Pate Sultan Omar (d. 1392/3) conquered Kitao
* Mwana Mimi, ruler of the Pate Sultanate (reigned 1763–1773)

##### Madagascar

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Rangita | – | Queen | Vazimba | 1520 | 1530 | 10 years |
| Rafohy | – | Queen | Vazimba | 1530 | 1540 | 10 years |
| Bety | – | Queen | Betsimisaraka | 1750 | 1762 | 12 years |
| Andrianaginarivo | – | Queen | Boina Kingdom | 1777 | 1778 | 1 year |
| Tombola | – | Queen | Boina Kingdom | 1778 | 1778 | Less than 1 year |
| Ravahiny | – | Queen | Boina Kingdom | 1778 | 1808 | 30 years |
| Ranavalona I | | Queen | Merina Kingdom | 11 August 1828 | 16 August 1861 | 33 years, 5 days |
| Oantitsy | – | Queen | Boina Kingdom | 1832 | 1836 | 4 years |
| Tsiomeko | – | Queen | Boina Kingdom | 1836 | 1840 | 4 years |
| Rasoherina | | Queen | Merina Kingdom | 12 May 1863 | 1 April 1868 | 4 years, 325 days |
| Ranavalona II | | Queen | Merina Kingdom | 2 April 1868 | 13 July 1883 | 15 years, 102 days |
| Ranavalona III | | Queen | Merina Kingdom | 30 July 1883 | 28 February 1897 | 13 years, 213 days |
Ambohidratrimo
* Ravorombato
Menabe
* Bibiasa
Bemihisatra
* Safy Mozongo – Mother of Binao
* Binao – Daughter of Safy Mozongo
Bemazava
* Irana
* Tsiresy I
* Tsiresy II
Antankarana
* Ambary
* Soanaomby

##### Mauritius

* Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (reigned 1968–1992)

##### Mozambique

Angoche Sultanate
* Queen of Angoche, name unknown (reigned in the 16th century) – she succeeded her brother and was succeeded by her husband Molidi

##### Somalia

* Asha Ngumi, ruler of Ngumi Island in the Bajuni Islands

##### Somaliland

Sultanate of Ifat
* Māti Layla Abūd (reigned in the 14th century)

##### South Sudan

Shilluk Kingdom
* Abudok [fr], the eighth ruler (and only queen) of the Shilluk.

##### Tanzania

Tanganyika
* Elizabeth II, Queen of Tanganyika (reigned 1961–1962)
Unguja
* Mwana Mwema, queen of Unguja (reigned ?–1653)
* Fatuma binti Yusuf al-Alawi, queen of Unguja (reigned ?–1698 and 1709–1715)
Pemba Island
* Mwana Mize binti Muaba (reigned in the 17th century)
* Mwana Fatuma binti Dathash (reigned in the 17th century)
* Mwana Hadiya (reigned in the 17th century)
* Mwana Aisha (reigned in the 17th century)
Tumbatu Island
* Mwana wa Mwana
* Fatima
* Mwana Kazija bint Ngwale bin Kombo bin Ali
Kua
* Mother of Mwanzuani
* Mwanzuani – she succeeded her mother
Mikindani
* Sabani binti Ngumi – she was succeeded by her daughter
* Daughter of Sabani binti Ngumi

##### Uganda

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Nyabagabe | Queen | Busongora Kingdom | 775 | 780 | 5 years |
| Kudidi | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 950 | 990 | 40 years |
| Nyakahongerwa | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 1000 | 1025 | 25 years |
| Kogyere I Rusija-Miryango | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 1075 | 1085 | 40 years |
| Kogyere I Rusija-Miryango | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 1090 | 1120 | 40 years |
| Kogyere II | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 1120 | 1130 | 10 years |
| Njunaki Kamaranga | Empress | Busongora Kingdom | 1250 | 1280 | 30 years |
| Nyakahuma | Queen | Busongora Kingdom | 1330 | 1375 | 45 years |
| Kitami kya Nyawera | Queen | Busongora Kingdom | 1685 | 1725 | 40 years |
| Kantunguru | Queen | Busongora Kingdom | 1740 | 1750 | 10 years |
| Akech | Queen | Paroketu | 1760 | 1787 | 27 years |
| Kogyere III Ikamiro | Queen | Busongora Kingdom | 1886 | 1889 | 3 years |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Dominion of Uganda | 9 October 1962 | 9 October 1963 | 1 year |

#### Southern Africa
##### Malawi

* Elizabeth II, Queen of Malawi (reigned 1964–1966)

##### Namibia

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Kapango | Queen | Mbunza | c. 1750 | – | – |
| Mate I | Hompa | Uukwangali | c. 1750 | – | – |
| Nankali | Hompa | Uukwangali | c. 1770 | – | – |
| Simbara | Hompa | Uukwangali | 1785 | 1800 | 15 years |
| Mate II | Hompa | Uukwangali | 1800 | 1818 | 18 years |
| Nakashwa | Queen | Ongandjera | 1862 | – | – |
| Mpande | Hompa | Uukwangali | 1880 | 1886 | 6 years |
| Kanuni | Hompa | Uukwangali | 1926 | 1941 | 28 years (Total) |
| Kanuni | Hompa | Uukwangali | 1958 | 1971 | 28 years (Total) |
| Maria Mwengere | Queen | Shambyu | 1947 | 1987 | 40 years |
| Anna Katrina Christiaan | Kaptein | Bondelswarts | 1977 | 2011 | 34 years |
| Angelina Matumbo Ribebe | Queen | Shambyu | 1989 | 2015 | 26 years |
| Martha Nelumbu | Ohmaba | Oukwanyama | November 2005 | Incumbent | 19 years to date |
| Sofia Mundjembwe Kanyetu | Queen | Shambyu | 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year to date |

##### South Africa

AmaMpondomise
* Mamani kaPhahlo (reigned 1732–1758)
Lobedu people
The Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen of Lobedu, the people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The succession to the position of Rain Queen is matrilineal, meaning that the Queen's eldest daughter is the heir, and that males are not entitled to inherit the throne at all. The Rain Queen is believed to have special powers, including the ability to control the clouds and rainfall.
* Maselekwane Modjadji (reigned 1800–1854)
* Masalanabo I Modjadji (reigned 1854–1894)
* Khetoane Modjadji (reigned 1895–1959)
* Makoma Modjadji (reigned 1959–1980)
* Mokope Modjadji (reigned 1981–2001)
* Makobo Modjadji (reigned 2003–2005)
* Masalanabo II Modjadji
Union of South Africa
* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1961)

##### Zambia

* Mamochisane, queen of the Makololo (reigned c. 1851)

##### Zimbabwe

* Elizabeth II, Queen of Rhodesia (reigned 1965–1970)

### Americas
#### North America
##### Canada

* Victoria (reigned 1867–1901) – Canada became a dominion by the Canadian Confederation in 1867
* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

##### Mexico

Coba
* Che'enal [sv] (reigned c. 565 – c. 574)
* Lady Yopaat [sv] (reigned c. 600 – c. 640)
* Lady Kʼawiil Ajaw (reigned 640–682)
Ecatepec
* Tlapalizquixochtzin (reigned in the late 15th–early 16th century)
Palenque
* Ix Yohl Ikʼnal (reigned 583–604)
* Sak Kʼukʼ, also known as Muwaan Mat (reigned 612–615)
Tepetlaoztoc
* Azcasuch (reigned in the late 15th–early 16th century)
Toltec Empire
* Xiuhtlaltzin (reigned 979–983)
Toniná
* Lady K'awiil Yopaat (reigned 762–774)
Tzacoalco
* Malinxalchitl (reigned ?–1524)
Mixtec
* Lady 9 Wind Stone Quexquemitl
* Lady 6 Monkey War Quexquemitl
* Lady 1 Death
* Lady 13 Flower Precious Bird
* Lady 2 Flower Rising Jewel
* Lady 11 Monkey Jade Spiderweb
* Lady 11 Alligator Quetzal Jewel
* Lady 2 Jaguar Jade Spiderweb
* Lady 5 Rabbit Jewel
* Lady 3 Jaguar Precious Butterfly Sun
* Lady 6 Water Quetzal Jewel of Flower War
* Lady 3 Rabbit Divine Flame
* Lady 12 Flower Broken Mountain Butterfly
* Lady 11 Rabbit Jewel of the Rising Sun
* Lady 8 Deer Quetzal Spiderweb
* Lady 1 Flower Jaguar Quexquemitl

#### Central America
##### Belize

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1981–2022)
Pusilha
* Lady Ich’aak K’inich (reigned c.710–731)

##### Guatemala

El Perú
* Lady K'abel (reigned 672–692)
La Florida
* Lady Chaak (reigned c. 731)
Naranjo
* Wac Chanil Ahau, also known as Lady Six Sky
Tikal
* Unen Bahlam (reigned c. 317)
* Lady of Tikal (reigned 511–527?)

#### Caribbean
##### West Indies

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Antigua and Barbuda | 1 November 1981 | 8 September 2022 | 40 years, 311 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Bahamas | 10 July 1973 | 8 September 2022 | 49 years, 60 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Barbados | 30 November 1966 | 30 November 2021 | 55 years, 0 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Grenada | 7 February 1974 | 8 September 2022 | 48 years, 213 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Jamaica | 6 August 1962 | 8 September 2022 | 60 years, 33 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 19 September 1983 | 8 September 2022 | 38 years, 354 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Saint Lucia | 22 February 1979 | 8 September 2022 | 43 years, 198 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 27 October 1979 | 8 September 2022 | 42 years, 316 days |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Trinidad and Tobago | 31 August 1962 | 1 August 1976 | 13 years, 130 days |

#### South America
##### Brazil

* Maria I (reigned as Queen of Brazil 1815–1816) – she was also Queen of Portugal in 1777–1816

##### Ecuador

* Quilago, queen of Cochasquí

##### Guyana

* Elizabeth II, Queen of Guyana (reigned 1966–1970)

##### Peru

* Lady of Cao, Moche ruler

### Asia
#### East Asia
##### China

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Daughter of Xiaoming | – | Empress (disputed) | Northern Wei | 1 April 528 | 1 April 528 | Less than 1 day |
| Wu Zetian | | Empress | Wu Zhou | 16 October 690 | 21 February 705 | 14 years, 128 days |
Eastern Kingdom of Women [zh] In Tibet, there was Nüguo (Chinese: 女國, lit. "Kingdom of Women"), also known as Dong nüguo (Chinese: 東女國, lit. "Eastern Kingdom of Women"), related to the tribe Sumpa. Several queens regnant of there were recorded in Chinese history books.
* Supi Mojie (Chinese: 蘇毗末羯)
* Dajiawa (Chinese: 达甲瓦)
* Qibangsun (Chinese: 弃邦孙)
* Tangpangshi (Chinese: 湯滂氏)
* Lianbi (Chinese: 斂臂)
* Eyaner (Chinese: 俄琰兒)
* Zhaoyefu (Chinese: 趙曳夫)
Wuman
* Acha (Cuanman) [zh] (Chinese: 阿姹) – her son Cuan Shouyu [zh] submitted to Geluofeng [zh] of Nanzhao, and instead she declared herself "Wáng of the Wuman tribe (烏蠻部落王)"

##### Japan

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Himiko | – | Queen | Yamatai | c. 180 | c. 247 or 248 | 67 or 68 years |
| Toyo | – | Queen | Yamatai | c. 248 | Unknown | – |
| Suiko | | Empress | Yamato | 15 January 593 | 15 April 628 | 35 years, 91 days |
| Kōgyoku | | Empress | Yamato | 19 February 642 | 12 July 645 | 3 years, 143 days |
| Saimei | | Empress | Yamato | 14 February 655 | 24 August 661 | 6 years, 191 days |
| Jitō | | Empress | Japan | 686 | 697 | 11 years |
| Genmei | | Empress | Japan | 17 August 707 | 3 October 715 | 8 years, 47 days |
| Genshō | | Empress | Japan | 3 October 715 | 3 March 724 | 8 years, 152 days |
| Kōken | | Empress | Japan | 19 August 749 | 7 September 758 | 8 years, 324 days |
| Shōtoku | | Empress | Japan | 6 November 764 | 28 August 770 | 5 years, 295 days |
| Meishō | | Empress | Japan | 22 December 1629 | 14 November 1643 | 13 years, 327 days |
| Go-Sakuramachi | | Empress | Japan | 15 September 1762 | 9 January 1771 | 8 years, 116 days |

##### Korea

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Seondeok | | Queen | Silla | 632 | 647 | 15 years |
| Jindeok | – | Queen | Silla | 647 | 654 | 7 years |
| Jinseong | – | Queen | Silla | 887 | 897 | 10 years |

#### South Asia
##### Bangladesh

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Kalindi | – | Rani | Chakma Circle | 1832 | 1873 | 41 years |

##### India

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Tribhuvana Mahadevi I | – | Queen | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | 845 | 850 | 5 years |
| Tribhuvana Mahadevi II | – | Queen | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | 890 | 896 | 6 years |
| Tribhuvana Mahadevi III | – | Maharajadhiraja | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | 896 | 905 | 9 years |
| Sugandha | – | Queen | Utpala dynasty | 904 | 906 | 2 years |
| Gauri Mahadevi | – | Queen | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | c. 910 | c. 916 | c. 6 years |
| Dandi Mahadevi | – | Maharajadhiraja | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | c. 916 | c. 936 | c. 20 years |
| Vakula Mahadevi | – | Queen | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | c. 936 | c. 940 | c. 4 years |
| Dharma Mahadevi | – | Maharajadhiraja | Bhauma-Kara dynasty | c. 940 | c. 950 | c. 10 years |
| Didda | – | Queen | Utpala dynasty | 980 | 1003 | 23 years |
| Razia Sultana | | Sultana | Delhi Sultanate | 19 November 1236 | 20 April 1240 | 3 years, 153 days |
| Rudrama Devi | | Maharaja | Kakatiya dynasty | c. 1262 | November 1289 | c. 27 years |
| Ballamahadevi | – | Maharajadhiraja | Alupa dynasty | 1275 | 1292 | 17 years |
| Kota Rani | – | Maharani | Lohara dynasty | 1338 | 1339 | 1 year |
| Lakhima Devi | – | Maharani | Oiniwar dynasty | 1416 | 1428 | 12 years |
| Visvasa Devi | – | Maharani | Oiniwar dynasty | 1431 | 1443 | 12 years |
| Abbakka Chowta | | Rani | Ullal | 1525 | 1570 | 45 years |
| Chennabhairadevi | – | Rani | Gerusoppa | 1552 | 1606 | 54 years |
| Keladi Chennamma | – | Rani | Keladi Nayaka Kingdom | 1672 | 1697 | 25 years |
| Ali Raja Bibi Harrabichi Kadavube | – | Arakkal Beevi | Arakkal kingdom | 1728 | 1732 | 4 years |
| Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe I | – | Arakkal Beevi | Arakkal kingdom | 1732 | 1745 | 13 years |
| Sujana Bai | | Rani | Thanjavur Maratha kingdom | 1737 | 1738 | 1 year |
| Virammaji | – | Rani | Keladi Nayaka Kingdom | 1757 | 1763 | 6 years |
| Ahilyabai Holkar | | Maharani | Indore State | 1 December 1767 | 13 August 1795 | 27 years, 255 days |
| Ali Raja Bibi Junumabe II | – | Arakkal Beevi | Arakkal kingdom | 1777 | 1819 | 42 years |
| Velu Nachiyar | | Rani | Sivaganga estate | c. 1780 | c. 1790 | c. 10 years |
| Daya Kaur | – | Rani | Nishanwalia Misl | 1786 | 1808 | 22 years |
| Daya Kaur | – | Rani | Nishanwalia Misl | 1809 | 1823 | 14 years |
| Vellacci | – | Rani | Sivaganga estate | c. 1790 | c. 1793 | c. 3 years |
| Devammaji | – | Rani | Kingdom of Coorg | 1809 | 1811 | 2 years |
| Gowri Lakshmi Bayi | | Maharani | Travancore kingdom | 7 November 1810 | 1813 | 3 years |
| Qudsia Begum | | Nawab Begum | Bhopal State | 1819 | 1837 | 18 years |
| Mohan Kumari | – | Rani | Sambalpur State | 1827 | 1833 | 6 years |
| Shah Jahan Begum | | Nawab Begum | Bhopal State | 1844 | 30 September 1860 | 14 years |
| Shah Jahan Begum | | Nawab Begum | Bhopal State | 30 October 1868 | 16 June 1901 | 32 years, 229 days |
| Bai Saheb Daphle | – | Rani | Daphlapur State | 16 December 1885 | 13 January 1917 | 31 years, 28 days |
| Sikandar Begum | | Nawab Begum | Bhopal State | 30 September 1860 | 30 October 1868 | 8 years, 30 days |
| Victoria | | Empress | British Raj | 1 May 1876 | 22 January 1901 | 24 years, 266 days |
| Sultan Jahan | | Nawab Begum | Bhopal State | 16 June 1901 | 20 April 1926 | 24 years, 308 days |
| Prafulla Kumari Devi | – | Rani | Bastar State | 23 November 1922 | 28 February 1936 | 13 years, 97 days |

##### Maldives

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Srimati Damahara | Queen | Kingdom of Dheeva Maari [bn] | 10th century | 10th century | – |
| Khadijah | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1347 | 1362 | 28 years (Total) |
| Khadijah | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1363 | 1373 | 28 years (Total) |
| Khadijah | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1376 | 1379 | 28 years (Total) |
| Raadhafathi | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1379 | 1380 | 1 year |
| Dhaain | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1384 | 1388 | 4 years |
| Kuda Kala Kamanafaanu | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1609 | 1613 | 4 years |
| Amina Kabafaanu | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1753 | 1754 | 1 year |
| Amina Rani Kilegefaanu | Sultana | Sultanate of Maldives | 1757 | 1759 | 2 years |

##### Nepal

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Ganga Rani | Rani | Kingdom of Bhaktapur | October 1588 | Unknown | – |

##### Pakistan

Assacani
* Cleophis (reigned 326 BC–?)
Dominion of Pakistan
* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–1956)
Gilgit
* Dadi Jawari (reigned 1642—1667 and 1689—1705) — also known as Malika Jawahir Khatun
* Malika Sahibnuma, also spelled as Sahebnuma (reigned 1825–1828)
Kanhaiya Misl
* Sada Kaur (reigned 1789–1821)
Soomra dynasty
* Hamoon (reigned 1107) – she occupied the throne after her husband Sanghar's death, but was soon crushed by the nobles

##### Sri Lanka

| Monarch | Picture | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Anula | – | Queen | Anuradhapura Kingdom | 47 BCE | 42 BCE | 5 years |
| Sivali | – | Queen | Anuradhapura Kingdom | 35 CE | 35 CE | 4 months |
| Sugala Devi | – | Queen | Principality of Ruhuna | Unknown | 1158 | – |
| Lilavati | – | Queen | Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1197 | 1200 | 5 years (Total) |
| Lilavati | – | Queen | Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1209 | 1210 | 5 years (Total) |
| Lilavati | – | Queen | Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1211 | 1212 | 5 years (Total) |
| Kalyanavati | – | Queen | Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1202 | 1208 | 6 years |
| Kusumasana Devi | | Queen | Kingdom of Kandy | 1581 | 1581 | Less than 1 year |
| Elizabeth II | | Queen | Dominion of Ceylon | 6 February 1952 | 22 May 1972 | 20 years, 106 days |

#### Southeast Asia
##### Cambodia

| Monarch | Picture | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Soma | | Queen | Funan | 68 CE | Unknown | – |
| Kulaprabhavati | – | Queen | Funan | 514 | 517 | 3 years |
| Kambuja-raja-lakshmi | – | Queen | Chenla | 575 | 580 | 5 years |
| Jayadevi | – | Queen | Chenla | c. 681 | c. 713 | 32 years |
| Indrani | – | Queen | Land Chenla [km] | 8th century | – | – |
| Nṛpatendradevī | – | Queen | Land Chenla [km] | 8th century | – | – |
| Jayendrabhā | – | Queen | Land Chenla [km] | 8th century | – | – |
| Jyeṣṭhāryā | – | Queen | Land Chenla [km] | c. 803 | Unknown | – |
| Tey | – | Queen | Kingdom of Cambodia | 1687 | 1687 | Few months |
| Ang Mey | | Queen | Kingdom of Cambodia | May 1835 | 1840 | 5 years |
| Ang Mey | | Queen | Kingdom of Cambodia | March 1844 | October 1846 | 2 years, 7 months |
| Sisowath Kossamak | | Queen | Kingdom of Cambodia | 20 June 1960 | 9 October 1970 | 10 years, 111 days |

##### Indonesia

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Shima | – | Queen | Kalingga Kingdom | c. 674 | c. 695 | 21 years |
| Sri Isyana Tunggawijaya | – | Maharani | Mataram Kingdom | 947 | c. 958 | 11 years |
| Śri Wijaya Mahadewi | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | 983 | 989 | 6 years |
| Mahendradatta | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | 989 | 1007 | 17 years |
| Śri Ajñadewi | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | c. 1016 | Unknown | – |
| Śri Maharaja Sakalendukirana Laksmidhara Wijayottunggadewi | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | 1088 | 1101 | 13 years |
| Arjayadengjayaketana | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | 1181 | 1200 | 19 years |
| Unknown Queen | – | Queen | Bali Kingdom | Unknown | 1284 | – |
| Permaisuri Iskandar Syah | – | Queen | Kingdom of Bentan [id] | c. 1290 | Unknown | – |
| Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi | | Maharani | Majapahit Empire | 1328 | 1350 | 22 years |
| Wa Kaa Kaa | – | Queen | Buton | 1332 | Unknown | – |
| Bulawambona | – | Queen | Buton | 14th century | 14th century | – |
| Tumanurung Baine | – | Queen | Gowa | c. 14th century | c. 14th century | – |
| Ratu Nahrasyiyah [id] | | Sultana | Samudera Pasai Sultanate | 1406 | 1428 | 22 years |
| Tekkawanua | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1408 | 1438 | 30 years |
| Suhita | | Maharani | Majapahit Empire | 1429 | 1447 | 18 years |
| Benrigau' | – | Arumpone | Bone State | 1470 | 1490 | 20 years |
| Ratu Kalinyamat | | Sultana | Kalinyamat Sultanate | c. 1549 | c. 1579 | 30 years |
| Tenri-Rawe | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1571 | 1587 | 16 years |
| Sambo | – | Queen | Kingdom of Tallo | 1576 | 1590 | 14 years |
| Tenri-Tuppu | – | Arumpone | Bone State | 1602 | 1611 | 9 years |
| Ratu Sukadana | – | Queen | Kingdom of Matan | 1608 | 1622 | 14 years |
| Taj ul-Alam Safiatuddin Syah | | Sultana | Aceh Sultanate | 18 February 1641 | 23 October 1675 | 34 years, 247 days |
| Nyai Cili | – | Queen | Solor | 1646 | 1664 | 18 years |
| Adang | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1654 | 1666 | 12 years |
| Nyai Cili Muda | – | Queen | Solor | 1664 | 1686 | 22 years |
| Bi Sonbai | – | Keizerin | Sonbai Kecil | 1672 | 1717 | 45 years |
| Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah | – | Sultana | Aceh Sultanate | 23 October 1675 | 23 January 1678 | 2 years, 92 days |
| Inayat Zakiatuddin Syah | – | Sultana | Aceh Sultanate | 23 January 1678 | 3 February 1688 | 10 years, 11 days |
| Aji Ragi | – | Queen | Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate [id] | 1686 | 1700 | 14 years |
| Zainatuddin Kamalat Syah | – | Sultana | Aceh Sultanate | 3 October 1688 | October 1699 | 11 years |
| Pattekke-Tana I | – | Datu | Tanette | 1690 | 1733 | 43 years |
| Batari Tungke | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1706 | 1715 | 9 years |
| Batari Toja | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1714 | 1715 | 1 year |
| Batari Toja | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1724 | 1738 | 14 years |
| Batari Toja | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1741 | 1749 | 8 years |
| Batari Toja | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1715 | 1748 | 33 years |
| Batari Toja | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1727 | 1737 | 10 years |
| Batari Toja | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1742 | 1744 | 2 years |
| Unknown Queen | – | Liurai | Wehali | c. 1732 | Unknown | – |
| Tenri-Leleang | – | Datu | Tanette | 1744 | 1750 | 6 years |
| Tenri-Leleang | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1748 | 1760 | 12 years |
| Tenri-Leleang | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1765 | 1778 | 13 years |
| Kamalat Syah | – | Sultana | Bima Sultanate | 1748 | 1751 | 3 years |
| Raden Ayu Tirtonegoro | – | Adipati | Duchy of Sumenep [id] | 1750 | 1762 | 12 years |
| Siti Aisyah [id] | – | Sultana | Sumbawa Sultanate [id] | 1759 | 1761 | 2 years |
| Sitti Saleh I | – | Sultana | Kingdom of Tallo | 1767 | 1777 | 10 years |
| Shafiyatuddin [id] | – | Sultana | Sumbawa Sultanate [id] | 1791 | 1795 | 4 years |
| Tenri-Awaru I | – | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1810 | 1825 | 15 years |
| Tenri-Awaru I | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1820 | 1840 | 20 years |
| Sitti Saleh II | – | Sultana | Kingdom of Tallo | 1814 | 1824 | 10 years |
| Istri Kanya [id] | – | Dewa Agung | Kingdom of Klungkung [id] | 1814 | 1850 | 36 years |
| Unknown Queen | – | Liurai | Wehali | c. 1814 | Unknown | – |
| Maniratu | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1823 | 1835 | 12 years |
| Tanisanga | – | Datu | Tanette | 1824 | 1829 | 5 years |
| Aisyah | – | Sultana | Kingdom of Tallo | 1845 | 1850 | 5 years |
| Tenri-Olle | | Datu | Tanette | 1855 | 1910 | 55 years |
| Tenri-Awaru II | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1857 | 1860 | 3 years |
| Banrigau' | – | Sultana | Bone State | 1871 | 1895 | 24 years |
| Sitti Zaenab | – | Datu | Kingdom of Soppeng [id] | 1895 | 1940 | 45 years |
| Kambo | | Datu | Kingdom of Luwu | 1901 | 1935 | 34 years |
| Pancaitana | – | Datu | Tanette | 1910 | 1926 | 16 years |
| Pattekke-Tana II | – | Datu | Tanette | 1926 | 1927 | 1 year |

##### Laos

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Nang Keo Phimpha | Queen | Lan Xang | 1438 | 1438 | Few months |

##### Myanmar

Hanthawaddy
* Shin Sawbu (reigned 1454–1471)
Sandoway
* Saw Yin Mi (reigned the 1420s–1437)
Waithali
* Kuverami (reigned 334–341)
Laihka State
* Wife of Sao Ne Ya (reigned 1680–1683)
* Youngest Sister of Hkun Hkawt (reigned 1866–1868)

##### Philippines

Pasig
* Dayang Kalangitan (reigned c. 1450–c. 1500)
Kingdom of Maynila
* Queen of Maynila, name unknown (reigned c. 1521) – she succeeded her husband Salalila and was succeeded by her son Matanda; according to oral traditions, her name is "Ysmeria"
Sultanate of Sulu
* Nur ul-Azam (reigned c. 1685)

##### Thailand

Hariphunchai
* Jamadevi (reigned in the 6th–7th century) — first ruler of the Mon kingdom of Hariphunchai
Pattani
* Ratu Hijau, 'the Green Queen' (reigned 1584–1616)
* Ratu Biru, 'the Blue Queen' (reigned 1616–1624)
* Ratu Ungu, 'the Purple Queen' (reigned 1624–1635)
* Ratu Kuning, 'the Yellow Queen' (reigned 1635–1651)
* Raja Mas Kelantan (reigned 1670–1698)
* Raja Mas Chayam (reigned 1698–1702 and 1716–1718)
* Raja Dewi (reigned 1702–1711)
Lanna
* Chiraprapha (reigned 1545–1546)
* Wisutthi Thewi (reigned 1564–1578)

##### Timor-Leste

There were many chiefdoms on Timor, but according to the hierarchy among the Timorese domains, the ruler of Sonbai of West Timor, the ruler of Wehali of Central Timor, and the ruler of Likusaen (today: Liquiçá) of East Timor were three paramount rulers of Timor.
Liquiçá
* Ursula da Costa (reigned c. 1818)
* Dona Gracia da Costa Rodrigues Pereira (reigned c. 1881 – c. 1883)
* Dona Engracia da Costa Delgado (reigned c. 1890 – c. 1892)

##### Vietnam

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Trưng Trắc | | Queen | Jiaozhi | 40 | 43 | 3 years |
| Trưng Nhị | | Queen | Jiaozhi | 40 | 43 | 3 years |
| Triệu Ẩu | | Lady | Jiaozhou | 248 | 248 | Less than 1 year |
| Daughter of Kandarpadharma | – | Queen | Champa | Unknown | 653 | – |
| Lý Chiêu Hoàng | – | Empress | Đại Việt | 1224 | 1225 | 1 year |

#### West Asia
##### Iran

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Anzaze | | Basilissa | Elymais | c. 82 or 81 BCE | c. 75 BCE | c. 6 or 7 years |
| Musa | | Basilissa | Parthian Empire | 2 BCE | 4 CE | 6 years |
| Ulfan | – | Basilissa | Elymais | 2nd century CE | 2nd century CE | – |
| Boran | | Banbishn | Sasanian Empire | 630 | 630 | Less than 1 year |
| Boran | | Banbishn | Sasanian Empire | June 631 | June 632 | 1 year |
| Azarmidokht | – | Banbishn | Sasanian Empire | 630 | 631 | 1 year |
| Sulafa Khatun | – | Atabeg | Ahmadilis | 1209 | 1225 | 16 years |
| Kutlugh Turkan | – | Khatun | Qutlugh-Khanids | 1257 | 1282 | 25 years |
| Abish Khatun | – | Atabeg | Salghurids | 1264 | 1284 | 20 years |
| Padishah Khatun | | Khatun | Qutlugh-Khanids | 1292 | 1295 | 3 years |
| Kurdujin Khatun | – | Khatun | Qutlugh-Khanids | June or July 1295 | November 1295 | 4 or 5 months |
| Dawlat Khatun | – | Atabeg | Khorshidi dynasty | 1316 | 1316 | – |
| Sati Beg | – | Il khan | Ilkhanate | July or August 1338 | May 1339 | 9 or 10 months |

##### Iraq

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Puabi | | Nin | First Dynasty of Ur | c. 2600 BC | – | – |
| Tandu Khatun | – | Sultan | Jalayirid Sultanate | 1411 | 1419 | 8 years |
| Mir Xanzad | – | Mir | Soran Emirate | c. 1590 or c. 1620 | – | 7 years |

##### Israel and Palestine

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Lady of the Lions | – | Nin | Beit Shemesh | c. 1350 BC | – | – |
| Athaliah | | Queen | Kingdom of Judah | c. 841 BC | c. 835 BC | 6 years |
| Salome Alexandra | | Queen | Hasmonean | c. 76 BC | c. 67 BC | 9 years |
| Salome I | – | Toparch | Herodian tetrarchy | 4 BC | 10 AD | 14 years |
| Melisende | | Queen | Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1131 | 1153 | 22 years |
| Sibylla | | Queen | Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1186 | 1190 | 4 years |
| Isabella I | | Queen | Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1190 | 1205 | 15 years |
| Maria | | Queen | Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1205 | 1212 | 7 years |
| Isabella II | | Queen | Kingdom of Jerusalem | 1212 | 1228 | 16 years |

##### Jordan

Gileadite
* Laodice of the Sameans (reigned c. 92 BC) – in the Codex Leidensis, the people of Laodice is Gileadites.
Nabatea
* Chuldu (reigned 9 BC–16 AD) – she ruled with her husband Aretas IV Philopatris
* Shaqilath (reigned 16–40 AD) – she ruled with her husband Aretas IV Philopatris
* Shaqilath II – she ruled with her husband Malichus II; after his death she was regent for her son Rabbel II Soter
* Gāmilat – she ruled with Rabbel II Soter
* Hagaru – she ruled with Rabbel II Soter

##### Lebanon

Tripoli The County of Tripoli was an autonomous state.
* Lucia of Tripoli (reigned 1287–1289)

##### Saudi Arabia

Bāzu
* Iapa, queen of the city Dihrani – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu
* Baslu, queen of the city Ihilum – Esarhaddon conquered eight kings and queens of the land Bāzu
Qedarite
* Zabibe (reigned c. 750–735 BC)
* Samsi (reigned c. 735–710 BC)
* Yatie (reigned c. 710–695 BC)
* Te'el-hunu (reigned c. 695–690 BC)
* Tabua (reigned c. 678–675 BC)

##### Syria

Tanukhids
* Mavia (reigned 375–425) – "The Queen of the Arabs"
Seleucid Empire
* Cleopatra Thea (reigned 126–121 BC) – she ruled with her sons Seleucus V and Antiochus VIII
* Cleopatra Selene I (reigned 82–69 BC) – she ruled with her son Antiochus XIII
Palmyrene Empire
* Zenobia (reigned 272) – she ruled mostly as regent for her son but reigned briefly under the regnal name Septimia Zenobia Augusta in 272.

##### Turkey

Antioch The Principality of Antioch was an autonomous state.
* Constance (reigned 1130–1163)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
* Isabella (reigned 1219–1252) – she co-ruled with her husband Hethum I from 1226
Caria
* Artemisia I (reigned c. 480 BC)
* Artemisia II (reigned 353–351 BC)
* Ada (reigned 344–340 and 334–326 BC)
Dardania
* Mania (reigned after 399 BC) – queen of ancient Dardania according to Polyaenus and Xenophon
Heraclea Pontica
* Amastris (reigned c. 300–284 BC)
Pontus
* Laodice, co-ruler of Mithridates IV
* Pythodorida (reigned 8 BC–38 AD)
Olba Kingdom
* Queen Aba (reigned in the 1st century BC)
Prusias ad Mare
* Orodaltis (reigned after 30 BC)
Saltukid dynasty
* Melike Mama Hatun (reigned 1191–1200)
Trebizond
* Theodora Megale Komnene (reigned 1284–1285)
* Eirene Palaiologina (reigned 1340–1341)
* Anna Megale Komnene (reigned 1341–1342)

##### Yemen

Sulayhid dynasty
* Asma bint Shihab (reigned 1047–1087) – she was the co-ruler of Yemen in co-regency with her cousin and spouse, Ali al-Sulayhi, and later her son, Ahmad al-Mukkaram, and daughter-in-law, Arwa al-Sulayhi. Though there were many female monarchs in the Muslim world, Asma bint Shihab and Arwa al-Sulayhi were the only female monarchs in the Arab world to have had the khutba proclaimed in their name in the mosques as sovereigns.
* Arwa al-Sulayhi (reigned 1067–1138) – she ruled Yemen firstly with her first two husbands and her mother-in-law and then as sole ruler. She was the greatest of the rulers of the Sulayhid Dynasty and was also the first woman to be accorded the prestigious title of hujja in Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, signifying her as the closest living image of God's will in her lifetime.

#### Central Asia
##### Afghanistan

* Queen of Greater Yuezhi, name unknown (reigned in the 2nd century BC) – after the king of the Greater Yuezhi was killed by the Xiongnu, his wife became the new monarch of Greater Yuezhi

##### Uzbekistan

* Tomyris (reigned c. 570–520 BC) — queen of Massagetae

#### North Asia
##### Siberia

* Botohui-Tarhun (reigned in the 13th century) — queen of Khori-Tumed [ru]

### Europe
#### Central Europe
##### Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Czechia

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Mary | Queen | Hungary | 10 September 1382 | December 1385 | 3 years and 4 months |
| Mary | Queen | Croatia | 10 September 1382 | December 1385 | 3 years and 4 months |
| Mary | Queen | Hungary | 24 February 1386 | 17 May 1395 | 9 years, 82 days |
| Mary | Queen | Croatia | 24 February 1386 | 17 May 1395 | 9 years, 82 days |
| Maria Theresa | Archduchess | Austria | 20 October 1740 | 29 November 1780 | 40 years, 40 days |
| Maria Theresa | Queen | Hungary | 20 October 1740 | 29 November 1780 | 40 years, 40 days |
| Maria Theresa | Queen | Croatia | 20 October 1740 | 29 November 1780 | 40 years, 40 days |
| Maria Theresa | Queen | Bohemia | 20 October 1740 | 19 December 1741 | 1 year, 60 days |
| Maria Theresa | Queen | Bohemia | 12 May 1743 | 29 November 1780 | 37 years, 201 days |
Marcomanni
* Fritigil (reigned mid-4th century)

##### Poland and Lithuania

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Jadwiga | Rex | Poland | 16 October 1384 | 17 July 1399 | 14 years, 274 days |
| Anna | Queen | Poland | 15 December 1575 | 19 August 1587 | 11 years, 247 days |
| Anna | Grand Duchess | Lithuania | 15 December 1575 | 19 August 1587 | 11 years, 247 days |

#### Eastern Europe
##### Armenia

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Erato | Queen | Kingdom of Armenia | 8 BC | 5 BC | 3 years |
| Erato | Queen | Kingdom of Armenia | 2 BC | 2 AD | 4 years |
| Erato | Queen | Kingdom of Armenia | 6 AD | 12 AD | 6 years |

##### Azerbaijan

Kingdom of Hereti
* Dinar of Hereti (reigned in the c. 1010s)

##### Georgia

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Tamar I | | Mepe | Kingdom of Georgia | 27 March 1184 | 18 January 1213 | 28 years, 297 days |
| Rusudan | | Mepe | Kingdom of Georgia | 18 January 1223 | 1245 | 22 years |
| Tamar II | – | Queen | Kingdom of Kartli | 1744 | 12 April 1746 | 2 years |

##### Russia

| Monarch | Title | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Irina Godunova | Tsaritsa (disputed) | 26 January 1598 | 3 March 1598 | 36 days |
| Catherine I | Empress | 8 February 1725 | 17 May 1727 | 2 years, 98 days |
| Anna | Empress | 26 February 1730 | 28 October 1740 | 10 years, 245 days |
| Elizabeth | Empress | 6 December 1741 | 5 January 1762 | 20 years, 30 days |
| Catherine II | Empress | 9 July 1762 | 17 November 1796 | 34 years, 131 days |
Sabir people
* Queen Boa, also known as Boareks (reigned in the 520s)
Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus
* Kamasarye Philoteknos (reigned 180–150 BC) – she co-ruled with her husband Paerisades III
* Dynamis (reigned in 47 BC, 44–17 BC, and 16–14 BC) – she co-ruled with her first husband Asander in 47 BC and from 44 BC until 17 BC; then she co-ruled with her second husband Polemon I from 16 BC until her death
* Gepaepyris (reigned 37/38–39 AD)
Blue Horde
* Tulun Beg Khanum (reigned 1370–1371)
Khanate of Qasim
* Fatima Soltan (reigned 1679–1681)

#### Northern Europe
##### Denmark, Norway and Sweden

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length of reign |
| Margaret I | Queen | Denmark | 10 August 1387 | 28 October 1412 | 25 years, 79 days |
| Margaret I | Queen | Norway | 2 February 1388 | 28 October 1412 | 24 years, 269 days |
| Margaret I | Queen | Sweden | 24 February 1389 | 28 October 1412 | 23 years, 247 days |
| Christina | Queen | Sweden | 16 November 1632 | 16 June 1654 | 21 years, 212 days |
| Ulrika Eleonora | Queen | Sweden | 5 December 1718 | 29 February 1720 | 1 year, 86 days |
| Margrethe II | Queen | Denmark | 14 January 1972 | 14 January 2024 | 52 years, 0 days |
Agder
* Åsa (reigned in the 9th century)

#### Western Europe
##### Luxembourg and Belgium

Burgundian Netherlands
* Mary of Burgundy (reigned 1477–1482) – according to E. William Monter [de]'s book, Mary of Burgundy and Isabella Clara Eugenia are included in the list of thirty women sovereigns over European states between 1300 and 1800
Spanish Netherlands
* Isabella Clara Eugenia (reigned as independent sovereign 1598–1621) – during her and Albert's co-reign period, the Spanish Netherlands temporarily had formal independence from Spain
Austrian Netherlands
* Maria Theresa (reigned 1740–1780) – she was also the sovereign of many other states as ruler of the Habsburg monarchy
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
* Marie-Adélaïde (reigned 1912–1919)
* Charlotte (reigned 1919–1964)

##### Netherlands

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length of reign |
| Wilhelmina | Queen | Netherlands | 23 November 1890 | 4 September 1948 | 57 years, 286 days |
| Juliana | Queen | Netherlands | 4 September 1948 | 30 April 1980 | 31 years, 239 days |
| Beatrix | Queen | Netherlands | 30 April 1980 | 30 April 2013 | 33 years, 0 days |

##### Monaco

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length of reign | Ref. |
| Claudine | | Lady | Monaco | July 1457 | 16 March 1458 | c. 8 months | |
| Louise Hippolyte | | Princess | Monaco | 20 February 1731 | 29 December 1731 | 312 days | |

##### United Kingdom and Ireland

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Cartimandua | | Queen | Brigantes | c. 43 | c. 69 | c. 25 years |
| Boudica | | Queen | Iceni | c. 60 | c. 61 | c. 1 year |
| Seaxburh | – | Queen | Wessex | c. 672 | c. 674 | c. 2 years |
| Æthelflæd | | Lady | Mercia | 911 | 918 | c. 7 years |
| Ælfwynn | – | Lady | Mercia | 12 June 918 | 4 December 918 | 175 days |
| Matilda | | Lady (disputed) | England | 8 April 1141 | 1148 | c. 7 years |
| Margaret | | Queen (disputed) | Scotland | 19 March 1286 | September 1290 | 4 years, 6 months |
| Mary | | Queen | Scotland | 14 December 1542 | 24 July 1567 | 24 years, 222 days |
| Jane | | Queen (disputed) | England | 10 July 1553 | 19 July 1553 | 9 days |
| Jane | | Queen (disputed) | Ireland | 10 July 1553 | 19 July 1553 | 9 days |
| Mary I | | Queen | England | 24 July 1553 | 17 November 1558 | 5 years, 116 days |
| Mary I | | Queen | Ireland | 24 July 1553 | 17 November 1558 | 5 years, 116 days |
| Elizabeth I | | Queen | England | 17 November 1558 | 24 March 1603 | 44 years, 127 days |
| Elizabeth I | | Queen | Ireland | 17 November 1558 | 24 March 1603 | 44 years, 127 days |
| Mary II | | Queen | England | 13 February 1689 | 28 December 1694 | 5 years, 318 days |
| Mary II | | Queen | Ireland | 13 February 1689 | 28 December 1694 | 5 years, 318 days |
| Mary II | | Queen | Scotland | 11 April 1689 | 28 December 1694 | 5 years, 261 days |
| Anne | | Queen | England | 8 March 1702 | 1 May 1707 | 5 years, 54 days |
| Anne | | Queen | Scotland | 8 March 1702 | 1 May 1707 | 5 years, 54 days |
| Anne | | Queen | Ireland | 8 March 1702 | 1 August 1714 | 12 years, 146 days |
| Anne | | Queen | Great Britain | 1 May 1707 | 1 August 1714 | 7 years, 92 days |
| Victoria | | Queen | United Kingdom | 20 June 1837 | 22 January 1901 | 63 years, 216 days |
| Elizabeth II | | Queen | United Kingdom | 6 February 1952 | 8 September 2022 | 70 years, 214 days |
Picts
* Pictish Queen, name unknown (reigned c. 617) – in 617, she summoned pirates to massacre Donnán and his companions on the island of Eigg; she is the only woman ruler mentioned in early Scottish history

#### Southern Europe
##### Albania

With the fall of the Serbian Empire after 1355, for a period Albania were ruled by local chieftains. In the 14th and 15th centuries Ottoman Empire conquered the sovereign Albanian principalities.
| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Joanna | Duchess | Duchy of Durrës | 1348 | 1368 | 20 years |
| Joanna | Duchess | Duchy of Durrës | 1376 | 1383 | 7 years |
| Helena Thopia | Lady | Principality of Albania | 1388 | 1392 | 4 years |
| Helena Thopia | Lady | Principality of Albania | 1394 | 1403 | 9 years |
| Comita Muzaka | Lady | Principality of Vlorë | 1385 | 1396 | 11 years |
| Rugjina Balsha | Lady | Principality of Vlorë | 1414 | 1417 | 3 years |
Illyria
* Caeria (reigned ?–344/343 BC)

##### Bosnia

* Jelena Gruba (reigned 1395–1398)

##### Bulgaria

Odrysian kingdom
* Antonia Tryphaena (reigned 18–38) – she ruled with her son Rhoemetalces II
* Pythodoris II (reigned 38–46) – she ruled with Rhoemetalces III

##### Cyprus

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Charlotte | | Queen | Kingdom of Cyprus | 28 July 1458 | 1464 | 6 years |
| Catherine Cornaro | | Queen | Kingdom of Cyprus | 26 August 1474 | 26 February 1489 | 14 years, 184 days |

##### Greece

Byzantine Empire
* Irene of Athens (reigned 797–802) – she was a co-ruler from 792
* Theodora the Armenian (reigned 842–856, disputed) – some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent
* Thekla (reigned 842–856) – co-ruler of Theodora the Armenian and Michael III
* Zoë Porphyrogenita (reigned 1042) – she reigned with her sister Theodora in 1042
* Theodora Porphyrogenita (reigned 1042–1056) – she ruled from 1042 jointly with her sister Zoe and Zoe's third husband Constantine IX; she ruled from 1055 until her own death as sole monarch
* Eudokia Makrembolitissa (reigned 1067, disputed) – some historians regard her as an empress regnant rather than just a regent
Kingdom of Epirus
* Deidamia II (reigned c. 233 BC)
Despotate of Epirus
* Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina (reigned 1384–1385)
Frankokratia Latin Empire was disestablished in 1261, but Latin states in Greece, also known as Frankokratia, continued to recognize Latin emperors in exile as their overlords until 1383.
* Catherine I (reigned 1283–1307)
* Catherine II (reigned 1307–1346)
Thessalonica Two Byzantine empresses reigned with autonomy in Thessalonica.
* Irene of Montferrat (reigned 1303–1317)
* Anna of Savoy (reigned 1351–1365)
Polis
* Cratesipolis (reigned c. 314 BC – c. 306 BC) — ruler of Sicyon and Corinth
* Nicaea, ruler of Corinth

##### Italy

Ostrogothic Kingdom
* Amalasuintha (reigned 534–535) – she ruled first as regent for her son and thereafter as queen regnant in her own right
Sardinian medieval kingdoms
* Elena of Gallura (reigned 1203–1218)
* Benedetta of Cagliari (reigned 1214–1233)
* Adelasia of Torres (reigned 1236–1259)
* Joanna of Gallura (reigned 1298–1308)
* Eleanor of Arborea (reigned 1383–1404)
Kingdom of Sicily
* Constance I (reigned 1194–1198) – she co-ruled with her husband Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor until 1197
* Constance II (reigned 1282–1285) – she co-ruled with her husband Peter III of Aragon
* Maria (reigned 1377–1401) – she co-ruled with her husband Martin I the Younger from 1392
* Joan the Mad (reigned 1516–1555) – she was also Queen of Castile and Aragon
Kingdom of Naples
* Joan I (reigned 1343–1382)
* Joan II (reigned 1414–1435)
* Joan III the Mad (reigned 1516–1555) – she was also Queen of Castile and Aragon
Italian States in the Napoleonic Era [it] Napoleon I appointed his brothers and sisters as puppet rulers of the Client States of the French Empire.
* Elisa Bonaparte of Lucca and Piombino (reigned 1805–1814)
* Pauline Bonaparte of Guastalla (reigned 1806)
Italian States from the Congress of Vienna to the Unification of Italy [it] The Italian duchies restored by the Congress of Vienna became fully sovereign because the Kingdom of Italy was not restored.
* Marie Louise of Parma (reigned 1814–1847)
* Maria Luisa of Lucca (reigned 1815–1824)
* Maria Beatrice d'Este of Massa (reigned 1815–1829)

##### Portugal

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Theresa | Queen (disputed) | Portugal | 1116 | 24 June 1128 | |
| Beatrice | Queen (disputed) | Portugal | 1383 | 1385 | |
| Maria I | Queen | Portugal | 24 February 1777 | 20 March 1816 | 39 years, 25 days |
| Maria II | Queen | Portugal | 2 May 1826 | 23 June 1828 | 2 years, 52 days |
| Maria II | Queen | Portugal | 26 May 1834 | 15 November 1853 | 19 years, 173 days |

##### Romania

Transylvania The Principality of Transylvania was an autonomous state.
* Catherine of Brandenburg (reigned 1629–1630)

##### Spain and Andorra

* Toda (reigned c. 958) — queen of Deio and Lizarrara
* Andregoto Galíndez (reigned c. 971) — queen of Lumbier
| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Jimena Díaz | | Princess | Principality of Valencia | 1099 | 1102 | |
| Urraca | | Empress | Hispania | 30 June 1109 | 8 March 1126 | 16 years, 251 days |
| Urraca | | Queen | León | 30 June 1109 | 8 March 1126 | 16 years, 251 days |
| Urraca | | Queen | Castile | 30 June 1109 | 8 March 1126 | 16 years, 251 days |
| Urraca | | Queen | Galicia | 30 June 1109 | 1111 | |
| Petronilla | | Queen | Aragon | 13 November 1137 | 18 July 1164 | 26 years, 248 days |
| Urraca the Asturian | – | Queen | Kingdom of Artajona [eu] | 1144 | 1153 | |
| Berengaria | | Queen | Castile | 6 June 1217 | 31 August 1217 | 86 days |
| Berengaria | | Queen | Toledo | 6 June 1217 | 31 August 1217 | 86 days |
| Sancha | – | Queen | León | 24 September 1230 | 11 December 1230 | 78 days |
| Sancha | – | Queen | Galicia | 24 September 1230 | 11 December 1230 | 78 days |
| Dulce | – | Queen | León | 24 September 1230 | 11 December 1230 | 78 days |
| Dulce | – | Queen | Galicia | 24 September 1230 | 11 December 1230 | 78 days |
| Joan I | | Queen | Navarre | 22 July 1284 | 2 April 1305 | 20 years, 254 days |
| Joan II | | Queen | Navarre | 1 April 1328 | 6 October 1349 | 21 years, 188 days |
| Isabella of Foix-Castelbon | – | Co-Princess | Andorra | 1398 | 1412 | |
| Blanche I | | Queen | Navarre | 8 September 1425 | 1 April 1441 | 15 years, 205 days |
| Blanche II | – | Queen | Navarre | 23 September 1461 | 2 December 1464 | 3 years, 70 days |
| Isabella I | | Queen | Castile | 11 December 1474 | 26 November 1504 | 29 years, 351 days |
| Isabella I | | Queen | León | 11 December 1474 | 26 November 1504 | 29 years, 351 days |
| Eleanor | – | Queen | Navarre | 28 January 1479 | 12 February 1479 | 15 days |
| Catherine | | Queen | Navarre | 7 January 1483 | 12 February 1517 | 34 years, 36 days |
| Catherine | | Co-Princess | Andorra | 7 January 1483 | 12 February 1517 | 34 years, 36 days |
| Joanna the Mad | | Queen | Castile | 26 November 1504 | 12 April 1555 | 50 years, 137 days |
| Joanna the Mad | | Queen | Aragon | 23 January 1516 | 12 April 1555 | 39 years, 79 days |
| Joanna the Mad | | Queen | Upper Navarre | 23 January 1516 | 12 April 1555 | 39 years, 79 days |
| Jeanne d'Albret | | Queen | Lower Navarre | 25 May 1555 | 9 June 1572 | 17 years, 15 days |
| Jeanne d'Albret | | Co-Princess | Andorra | 25 May 1555 | 9 June 1572 | 17 years, 15 days |
| Isabella II | | Queen | Spain | 29 September 1833 | 30 September 1868 | 35 years, 1 day |
| Isabella II | | Queen | Upper Navarre | 29 September 1833 | 30 November 1833 | 62 days |

##### Malta

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length | Ref. |
| Elizabeth II | | Queen | Malta | 21 September 1964 | 13 December 1974 | 10 years, 83 days | |

##### Montenegro

Duklja
* Neda (reigned 1043–1046)

### Oceania
#### Australasia
##### Australia

* Victoria (reigned 1901) – Australia became a dominion by the Federation of Australia in 1901
* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)

##### New Zealand

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022)
Rarotonga
* Makea Takau Ariki, Queen/Supreme High Chiefess of the Cook Islands (reigned 1871–1911) – was the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Rarotonga established in 1858, she ceased to be sovereign after 1888

#### Melanesia
##### Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands

| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign |
| Elizabeth II | Tui Viti | Fiji | 1970 | 1987 |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Papua New Guinea | 1975 | 2022 |
| Elizabeth II | Queen | Solomon Islands | 1978 | 2022 |

#### Polynesia
##### American Samoa

* Tuimanufili (reigned as 20th Tui Manu'a)
* Siliave (reigned as 23rd Tui Manu'a)
* Seuea (reigned as 27th Tui Manu'a)
* Matelita (reigned 1891–1895, as 39th Tui Manu'a)

##### French Polynesia

Bora Bora
* Teriimaevarua II (reigned 1860–1873)
* Teriimaevarua III (reigned 1873–1895)
Huahine
* Teha'apapa I (reigned 1760–1790)
* Teri'itaria II (reigned 1815–1852)
* Teha'apapa II (reigned 1868–1893)
* Teuhe (reigned 1888–1890) – she reigned under a rebellion government against her mother Queen Tehaapapa II
* Teha'apapa III (reigned 1893–1895)
Raiatea
* Tehauroarii (reigned 1881–1884)
* Tuarii (reigned till 1897) – she reigned under a rebellion government against the French with the support of Teraupo'o after Tamatoa VI abdicated.
Rapa Iti
* Daughter of Parima (reigned ?–1887)
Rimatara
* Tamaeva IV (reigned 1876–1892)
* Tamaeva V (reigned 1892–1901)
Tahiti
* Purea (reigned in the 18th century), queen of the Teva clan on the southern part of the island before unification
* Pōmare IV (reigned 1827–1877)
Nuku Hiva
* Vaekehu – her husband died in 1863, but Vaekehu continued to reign on her own as Queen

##### Hawaii

Hilo
* Ululani, 7th Chiefess of Hilo
Ko'olau
* Hinakaimauli'awa, 2nd Chiefess of Ko'olau
* Mualani, 3rd Chiefess of Ko'olau
* Kaimihauoku, 7th Chiefess of Ko'olau
* Holaulani (Kauaohalaulani), 16th Chiefess of Ko'olau
* Ipuwai-o-Hoalani, 19th Chiefess of Ko'olau
Molokai
* Kapau-a-Nuʻakea, 3rd Chiefess of Molokai
* Kamauliwahine, 4th Chiefess of Molokai
* Hualani, 5th Chiefess of Molokai
* Kanealai, Chiefess of Molokai (reigned during the 18th century)
Oʻahu
* Kūkaniloko, 11th Moʻi of Oʻahu
* Kalaimanuia, 12th Moʻi of Oʻahu (reigned 1600–1665)
Hawaiʻi Island
* Kaikilani, 17th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1575–1605)
* Keakamahana, 19th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1635–1665)
* Keakealaniwahine, 20th Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1665–1695)
* Kalanikauleleiaiwi, 21st Moʻi of Hawaiʻi Island (reigned 1695–1725) — co-ruler with her brother Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku
Kauaʻi
* Kamakahelei, 22nd Moʻi of Kauaʻi (reigned 1770–1794)
Kingdom of Hawaii
* Liliʻuokalani (reigned 1891–1893 and claimed status as queen until her death in 1917) – the only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii established by Kamehameha I

##### Tonga

* Tupoumahe'ofo (reigned 1777–1781, as Tu'i Kanokupolu)
* Salote Tupou III (reigned 1918–1965)

##### Tuvalu

* Elizabeth II (reigned 1978–2022)

##### Wallis and Futuna

Uvea
* Toifale (reigned 1825)
* Falakika Seilala (reigned 1858–1869)
* Amelia Tokagahahau Aliki (reigned 1869–1895)
* Aloisia Brial (reigned 1953–1958)

## Legendary and mythological monarchs
### Chile

* Gaboimilla

### China

* Nüwa, the only female among Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
* Queen Mother of the West
* Queen of the Aini people (爱尼人), a branch of the Hani people

### Congo
#### Kuba Kingdom

Women written in italics in the list of Kuba Kingdom rulers:
* Lobamba
* Gokare
* Sanga Motunu
* Pelama Pena
* Boeke
* Sanga Lenga
* Bosh Akama
* Kele Kama
* Bolueme

### Czechia

* Libuše, female ruler of Bohemia
* Valasca

### Denmark

* Asa – she was described in Chronicon Lethrense
* Hethae – she was described in Chronicon Lethrense

### Easter Island

* Vakai, queen of Kingdom of Rapa Nui

### Ecuador

* Paccha Duchicela, queen of the Kingdom of Quito [es]

### Egypt

* Nitocris of the Sixth Dynasty – Nitocris is mentioned within Herodotus' book Histories as being the last Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.
* Charoba – A queen mentioned in a history of Egypt written by 12th-century Arab writer Murtada ibn al-'Afif.
* Daluka of the Soleyman Dynasty – An Antediluvian monarch from medieval Coptic and Arabic texts who supposedly built a wall around Egypt to protect the country from invasion and also was said to have built a pyramid and a nilometer at Memphis. Sometimes claimed to be a cousin of Charoba and her immediate successor.
* Borsa of the Soleyman Dynasty – Mentioned in medieval Coptic and Arabic texts as a ruler of Egypt in the Antediluvian era. Sometimes described as a "priestess".

### Ethiopia

The following names all come from a regnal list written in 1922, which is partially based on native traditions and older regnal lists, but also contains additional names of Coptic and Nubian origin, the latter due to its association with the word "Aethiopia" in ancient and Biblical texts. Claimed dates follow the Ethiopian calendar.
* Borsa (reigned 4321–4254 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.
* Eylouka (reigned 3776–3731 BC) – Originated from Coptic tradition.
* Nehasset Nais (reigned 2434–2404 BC)
* Kasiyope (reigned 1890–1871 BC) – Originated from Greek mythology.
* Mumazes reigned (1675–1671 BC) – Daughter of king Bonu I.
* Aruas (reigned 1671 BC) – Daughter of Mumazes.
* Helena (reigned 1358–1347 BC)
* Makeda (reigned 1013–982 BC) – The Biblical queen of Sheba in Ethiopian tradition and mother of Menelik I. She succeeded to the throne after the death of her father king Kawnasya.
* Nicauta Kandake I (reigned 740–730 BC)
* Hadina (reigned 372–362 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 9 years.
* Nikawla Kandake II (reigned 342–332 BC) – An alternate name for the Queen of Sheba
* Akawsis Kandake III (reigned 325–315 BC)
* Nikosis Kandake IV (reigned 242–232 BC)
* Awsena (reigned 99–88 BC) – Most regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 1 year.
* Nicotnis Kandake V (reigned 35–25 BC)
* Garsemot Kandake VI (reigned 40–50 AD) – Supposedly the Kandake from the Biblical story of the Ethiopian Eunuch.
* Wakana (reigned 230 AD) – Reigned for 2 days.
* Ahywa Sofya (reigned 299–332 AD) – Likely based on Sofya of Axum, mother of Ezana.
* Adhana I (reigned 369–374 AD) – Some regnal lists of Ethiopia claim this monarch reigned for 14 years.
* Adhana II (reigned 412–418 AD) – Some regnal lists claim this monarch co-ruled with king Abreha III.

#### Kingdom of Simien

* Gudit (reigned c. 960 – c. 1000)

#### Sidama people

* Furra

### French Polynesia

* Queen Mamea

### Greece

* Omphale of Lydia, wife of Heracles
* Gerana, queen of Pygmy
* Callidice of Thesprotia

#### Amazons

* Otrera, the daughter of Eurus (the east wind)
* Hippolyta, the Amazonian queen who possessed a magical girdle
* Penthesilea, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe
* Antianara, the daughter of Ares and Otrera and the sister of Hippolyta, Antiope and Melanippe
* Eurypyle
* Lampedo
* Marpesia
* Aegea
* Myrina
* Orithyia
* Antiope
* Thalestris

### Iceland

* Brunhild – in the Nibelungenlied, she is first presented as the ruling queen of Iceland

### India

* Yashovati [sv], ruler of Kashmir – she was described in Rajatarangini
* Pandaie

### Indonesia

* Mahisa Suramardini Warmandewi, queen of Salakanagara (reigned 276–289 AD)
* Sphatikarnawa Warmandewi, queen of Salakanagara (reigned 340–348 AD)

### Iran

* Humay Chehrzad

### Iraq

* Kubaba of Kish, the only queen on the Sumerian King List (reigned in the 25th century BC)
* Semiramis, the legendary queen of king Ninus, succeeding him to the throne of Assyria
* Nitocris of Babylon, the ruling queen of Babylon described by Herodotus in his Histories
* Queen Zidam – according to the legend of Bayajidda, she conquered Baghdad

### Ireland

* Macha, (reigned 661–654 BC)
* Medb, Queen of Connacht

### Japan

* Empress Jingū (reigned 201–269)
* Princess Iitoyo (reigned 484; disputed)
* Kamu-nashi-hime (神夏磯媛), female Tsuchigumo of Hōfu-shi (防府市)
* Hayatsuhime (速津媛), female Tsuchigumo of Hayami-gun (速見郡)
* Taburatsuhime [jp] (田油津媛), female Tsuchigumo of Yamato-gun (山門郡)
* Sanai Isoba [jp], ruler of Yonaguni

### Korea

* Lady Saso, honorary queen regnant of Silla
* Queen of Jeoknyeo-guk – Talhae's mother was the princess of Jeoknyeo-guk (Korean: 적녀국; Hanja: 積女國), an island country where only women lived
* Queen of Tamna – she is mentioned in the legend of Mountain Shrine and Lady Shring in the Bongnae Mountain (봉래산 산제당과 아씨당)
* Hongranyeo (Korean: 홍라녀; Hanja: 紅羅女) – according to the legend of Yeowangjwagangsanhyeong (Korean: 여왕좌강산형; Hanja: 女王坐江山型), she became the monarch of Balhae

### Libya

* Cyrene, queen of the city Cyrene
* Lamia, queen of Libya

### Malaysia

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Siti Wan Kembang | | Queen | Kelantan | 1610 | 1667 | 57 years |
| Puteri Saadong | – | Queen | Kelantan | 1667 | 1671 | 4 years |

### Mexico
#### Aztec Empire

* Atotoztli II (possibly reigned 1466–1472, disputed)

### Myanmar

* Panhtwar

### Norway

* Lagertha

### Pakistan

* Nur Bakht Khatun of Trakhan Dynasty
* the Dareli queen of Trakhan Dynasty

### Peru

* Catalina Huanca [es]

### Poland

* Wanda

### Russia

* Narchat

### Somaliland

* Arawelo
* Kola, queen of Abasa

### South Africa

* Majaji (reigned c. 350 AD)

### Spain

* Queen Lupa

### Sri Lanka

* Kuveni, queen of Yakkha people of Sri Lanka before the founding of Kingdom of Tambapanni
* Alli Raani

### Sudan

* Pelekh Candace of Meroë (reigned c. 345 – c. 332 BC)

### Syria

* al-Zabba', claimed to be Zenobia

### Tunisia

* Dido (reigned 814–c. 760 BC) – also known as Alyssa. Founder of Carthage, according to tradition

### Turkey

* Onomaris, Queen of the Galatians
* Queen of Kanesh

### Turkmenistan

* Zarinaea, legendary Sacae woman ruler of the Dahae

### United Kingdom

* Queen Gwendolen (reigned in the 11th century BC)
* Queen Cordelia (reigned in the 8th century BC)
* Queen Marcia (reigned in the 4th century BC)
* Hermuthruda

### Vatican City

* Pope Joan, legendary monarch of the Papal States

### Vietnam

* Lady Po Nagar of Champa, According to Cham legend, was the founder of the Cham nation

### Yemen

* Bilkis in Yemen, claimed to be Queen of Sheba

## Self-proclaimed monarchs
### China

* Chen Shuozhen (reigned 653) – She led a peasant uprising in 653. During the rebellion, she declared herself huangdi. Jian Bozan recognized her as a female huangdi.
* Mǐlǔ (Chinese: 米魯), also known as "Invincible Tian Wang (無敵天王)" – female rebel leader to assume the title of Tian Wang (天王)

### Easter Island

* Koreto, reigning queen of Easter Island (reigned ?–1876) – Dutrou-Bornier married Koreto and appointed her as Queen
* Caroline, reigning queen of Easter Island (reigned 1877) – after the death of Dutrou-Bornier, his widow Koreto briefly installed their daughter Caroline as Queen

### Guinea

* Niara Bely

### Guinea-Bissau

* Aurelia Correia

### Haiti

* Ti Memenne of La Gonâve (reigned c. 1920s) – she was the tribal ruler of La Gonâve

### India

* Rani Gaidinliu, leader of the Naga people

### Italy

* Nina Menegatto

### Jamaica

* Queen Nanny, leader of the Jamaican Maroons

### Korea

* Yi Hae-won, titular empress regnant of Korean Empire

### New Zealand

* Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (reigned 1966–2006)
* Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō, Māori queen (reigned 2024–present)

### Panama

* Rufina Santana, queen of Naso people (reigned 1982–1988)

### Trinidad and Tobago

The list of Carib Queens were:
* Delores MacDavid
* Maria Fuentes Werges Ojea
* Edith Martinez
* Justa Werges
* Valentina Medina
* Jennifer Cassar
* Nona Aquan

### United States of America

* Verdiacee Goston, empress of the Washitaw Nation

### United States Virgin Islands

The leaders of the 1878 St. Croix labor riot were:
* "Queen Mary" Thomas
* "Queen Agnes" Salomon
* "Queen Mathilda" McBean

## Chieftainesses
### Argentina

* Juana Koslay (princess) [es]

### Botswana

* Kgosi Basadi Seipone III
* Kgosi Rebecca Banika
* Mosadi Muriel Seboko (reigned 2002–present), the kgosikgolo of the Balete people

### Brazil

* Juma Xipaia [pt]
* Mandei Juma of the Juma people
* Borea Juma of the Juma people
* Ajareaty Waiapi of Waiapi

### Burundi

* Nandabunga

### Canada

* Marilyn Baptiste
* Elsie Knott
* Gwendolyn Lucy O'Soup Crane
* Sacha Labillois-Kennedy
* Bev Sellars
* Marie-Anne Day Walker-Pelletier
* Viola Wyse
* Victoria Young of Giluts'aaw

### Chile

* María la Grande
* Janequeo
* Elvira de Talagante [es]

### China

* Bǐtóngqián [zh] (Chinese: 比铜钳)
* Lady Xian
* Jiāo-jī (Chinese: 椒箕) of the Màn-zhē (蔓遮) tribe of the Jianzhou Jurchens (reigned c. 1596)
* Maliya Suo [zh]

### Cameroon

* Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda

### Colombia

* Gaitana

### Congo

* Diambi Kabatusuila

### Dominican Republic

* Higuanamá, also spelled Hiquanama, Cacica of Higüey, one of the Chiefdoms of Hispaniola (reigned ?–1502) – she was described by Las Casas in his A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies; Juan de Esquivel hanged Higuanamá in 1502
* doña María de Higüey, Cacica of Higüey (reigned c. 1514)
* Isabel de Iguanama, Cacica of Higüey (reigned c. 1514)

### Ecuador

* Juana Guare

### Fiji

* Lala Mara, the Roko Tui Dreketi of Rewa (reigned 1957–2004)
* Teimumu Kepa, the Roko Tui Dreketi of Rewa (reigned 2004–present)

### Ghana

* Gundonaa Samata Abudu
* Nana Kofi Abuna V
* Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa
* Peggielene Bartels

### Haiti

* Anacaona, Cacica of Jaragua, one of the Chiefdoms of Hispaniola

### India

* Ganapama, ruler of the Yenamadala branch of the Kotas
* Pandambika, ruler of the Tadikonda branch of the Kotas
* Vennaladevi, ruler of the Tadikonda branch of the Kotas
* Banaitangi, ruler of the western Lushai Sailo family
* Ropuiliani, ruler of the southern Lushai Hills

### Ireland

* Grace O'Malley, also known as "the Pirate Queen", chieftainess of the Ó Máille clan in Umaill

### Israel

* Deborah, the only female judge of Israelite tribes in Biblical judges

### Kenya

* Wangu wa Makeri

### Korea

* Chieftainess buried in Jeongchon Tomb [ko] (정촌고분)

### Kyrgyzstan

* Kurmanjan Datka, also known as "The Tsaritsa of Alai", tribal leader of Alay (reigned 1862–1876)

### Liberia

* Mary Larteh
* Suah Koko

### Malawi

* Theresa Kachindamoto

### Malaysia

* Datuk Puteri Siti Awan I, female Undang of Johol
* Datuk Rambut Panjang, female Undang of Johol
* Datuk Puteri Siti Awan II, female Undang of Johol

### Marshall Islands

* Tarjikit
* Atama Zedkaia

### New Zealand
#### Māori people

* Hine-i-paketia
* Hinematioro

#### Rarotonga

* Makea Te Vaerua Ariki, High Chiefess of Te Au O Tonga (reigned 1845–1857)
* Pa Upoko Takau Ariki, High Chiefess of Takitumu (reigned 1855–1890)
* Tinomana Mereana Ariki, High Chiefess of Puaikura (reigned 1881–1908)

### Niger

* Sarraounia

### Nigeria

* Abibatu Mogaji, Ìyál'ọ́jà of Lagos
* Abiola Dosunmu, Erelu Kuti of Lagos
* Agbani Darego, Oloye of Lagos
* Ahebi Ugbabe, Eze of Enugu-Ezike
* Alaba Lawson, Iyalode of Yorubaland
* Aminatu Abiodun, Iyalode of Ibadan
* Efunroye Tinubu, Iyalode of Egbaland
* Efunsetan Aniwura, Iyalode of Ibadan
* Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Oloye of Yorubaland
* Laduntan Oyekanmi, Iyalode of Ibadan
* Wuraola Esan, Iyalode of Ibadan

### Palau

* Gloria Salii

### Panama

* Silvia Carrera

### Papua New Guinea

* Koloka of Naara (reigned c. 1884 – c. 1910)

### Peru

* Capillana, Capullana [es]
* Tomasa Tito Condemayta

### Puerto Rico

* Luisa, also known as Yuisa, Cacica of Loíza (reigned ?–1513)

### Sierra Leone

* Nyarroh of Barri Chiefdom
* Madam Nenge of Baoma Chiefdom
* Madam Matolo of Nongowa Chiefdom
* Madam Humonya of Nongowa Chiefdom

### South Africa

* Phylia Nwamitwa II
* Queen Hoho of Khoekhoe (reigned c. 1750)

### South Sudan

* Mathiang Yak Anek

### Taiwan

* Lian-lei [zh-min-nan] (Chinese: 蘭雷) of the Paiwan people (排灣族) (reigned ?–1723)
* Leng-leng (Chinese: 冷冷) of the Paiwan people (排灣族) (reigned c. 1770)
* Bao-zhu (Chinese: 寶珠) of the Puyuma people (卑南族) (reigned in the early 19th century)

### Tanzania

* Therese Ntare VI of Heru

### Uganda

The female chiefs, Murogo and her female descendants, worked for the Ankole kings for several generation in the Ibanda area.
* Murogo of Ibanda (reigned in the early 19th century)
* Nyabuzana of Ibanda (reigned in the mid-19th century)
* Kishokye of Ibanda (reigned ?–1903)
* Julia Kibubura of Ibanda (reigned 1903–1926)

### United States of America

* Askamaboo
* Oholasc
* Quaiapen
* Squaw Sachem of Mistick
* Edith Turner
* Phyliss J. Anderson
* Zara Cisco Brough
* Sharon Bryant
* Alice Brown Davis
* Joyce Dugan
* Lucy Tayiah Eads
* Eagle Woman
* Robbie Hedges
* Cheryll Toney Holley
* Viola Jimulla
* Wilma Mankiller
* G. Anne Richardson
* Wah-Pah-Ho-Ko
* Glenna Wallace
* Opossunoquonuske
* The Lady of Cofitachequi
* Pine Leaf
* Glory of the Morning
* Cockacoeske of Pamunkey
* Queen Betty of Pamunkey
* Queen Ann of Pamunkey
* Weetamoo
* Awashonks
* Queen Alliquippa
* Queen of Wayonaoake, name unknown (reigned c. 1677) – she was one of the Native American leaders who signed the Treaty of 1677
* Empress Mary of Accomac, the daughter of Debedeavon
* Queen of Pungoteague, name unknown (reigned c. 1705) – she was mentioned by Robert Beverley in 1705
* Weunquesh of Narragansett – she succeeded her father Ninigret
* Queen Esther of Narragansett

### Vanuatu

* Motarilavoa Hilda Lin̄i

### Venezuela

* Apacuana
* Isabel (cacica) [es]
* Orocomay [es]
* Urimare (cacica) [es]
* Ana Soto (cacica) [es]

### Yemen

* Sharifa Fatima

## Semi-independent feudal rulers
### Bangladesh

* Rani Bhabani, zamindar of Rajshahi Raj family
* Saratsundari Devi, zamindar of Puthia Raj family
* Hemanta Kumari Devi [bn], zamindar of Puthia Raj family

### India

* Rani Bhawani, zamindar of Midnapore Raj
* Rani Shiromani, zamindar of Midnapore Raj
* Rani Rashmoni, zamindar of Janbazar
* Mangaleswari Nachiyar [ta], zamindar of Ramnad estate
* Rani Muthu Virai Nachiyar [ta], zamindar of Ramnad estate
* Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar, zamindar of Ramnad estate
* Kathama Nachiar, zamindar of Sivaganga estate
* Anna Purna, zamindar of Pal Lahara State
* Chellamma, zamindar of Avuku
* Rani Dhwaja Moni Devi, zamindar of Bishnupur (reigned 1885–1889)

## Crown landholders
### Bangladesh

Between the 1204 and 1352, Bengal was a province of the Delhi Sultanate.
| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Razia Sultana | | Sultana | Delhi Sultanate | 19 November 1236 | 20 April 1240 | 3 years, 153 days |

### Cyprus

| Monarch | Portrait | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Victoria | | Queen | British Cyprus | 4 June 1878 | 22 January 1901 | 22 years, 232 days |
| Elizabeth II | | Queen | British Cyprus | 6 February 1952 | 16 August 1960 | 8 years, 192 days |

### Estonia

Swedish Estonia
* Christina (reigned 6 November 1632 – 6 June 1654)
* Ulrika Eleonora (reigned 5 December 1718 – 29 February 1720)
Russian Estonia
* Catherine I (reigned 8 February 1725 – 17 May 1727)
* Anna (reigned 13 February 1730 – 28 October 1740)
* Elizabeth (reigned 6 December 1741 – 5 January 1762)
* Catherine II (reigned 9 July 1762 – 6 November 1796)

### Finland

Swedish Finland
* Margaret I of Denmark (reigned 1389–1412)
* Christina (reigned 1632–1654)
* Ulrika Eleonora (reigned 1719–1720)

### Iceland

Norwegian Iceland
* Margaret I (reigned 1388 – 28 October 1412)

### Israel and Palestine

Thutmose III of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Canaan.
| Monarch | Title | State | Start of reign | End of reign | Length |
| Neferneferuaten | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1334 BC | c. 1332 BC | 2 years |
| Tausret | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1191 BC | c. 1189 BC | 2 years |
| Zenobia | Empress | Palmyrene Empire | 272 | 272 | Less than 1 year |

### Sudan

Thutmose I of the New Kingdom of Egypt conquered Nubia.
| Monarch | Title | State | Reign dates | Length |
| Hatshepsut | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1479–1458 BC | c. 21 years |
| Neferneferuaten | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1334–1332 BC | c. 2 years |
| Twosret | Pharaoh | New Kingdom of Egypt | c. 1191–1189 BC | 2 years |

### Suriname

* Juliana (reigned 1954–1975)