# Sanrio

Sanrio Company, Ltd. (株式会社サンリオ, Kabushikigaisha Sanrio) is a Japanese entertainment company. It designs, licenses, and manufactures products focusing on the kawaii ("cute") segment of Japanese popular culture. Their products include stationery, school supplies, gifts, and accessories, which are sold worldwide, including at specialty brand retail stores in Japan. Sanrio's best-known character is Hello Kitty, a cartoon cat and one of the most successful marketing brands in the world.
Besides selling character goods, Sanrio takes part in film production and publishing. They own the rights to the Mr. Men characters and Japanese licensing rights to the Peanuts characters. Their animatronics branch, Kokoro Company, Ltd. (kokoro being Japanese for "heart"), is best known for the Actroid android. The company also runs a KFC franchise in Saitama Prefecture.

## History

Shintaro Tsuji founded Sanrio on August 10, 1960, then known as the Yamanashi Silk Company using ¥1,000,000 in capital. In 1962, Tsuji expanded his enterprise from silk to rubber sandals with flowers painted on them. Tsuji noticed his success gained by merely adding a cute design to the sandals. He began using existing cartoon characters for his merchandise. In the late 1960s the company began producing goods with the dog character Snoopy, from the American comic strip Peanuts, after acquiring the Japanese licensing rights.
In 1973 the company was officially established under the name Sanrio. In the book Kore ga Sanrio no Himitsu Desu (これがサンリオの秘密です) or These are Sanrio's Secrets Tsuji, Sanrio's founder, said that Yamanashi (山梨), part of the company's former name, has an alternative on'yomi reading of Sanri. The remaining o was added from the ou (オウ) sound people make when they are excited. The company's European website gives another origin of the name, saying the name comes from the Spanish words san ('holy') and río ('river').
Tsuji hired his own designers to create characters for Sanrio, so as to not have to pay outside royalty fees. The first original Sanrio character, Coro Chan, was introduced in 1973. Hello Kitty was added to the lineup of early Sanrio characters in 1974 and the first related merchandise was released the following year. The popular feline whose mouth is usually invisible has had both peaks and drops in sales over the years but always has been the highest contributor to Sanrio's sales. Sanrio constantly adds new characters to its lineup. Specific characters are rotated in and out of active production. For a short time, Osamu Tezuka's baby unicorn character Unico, who starred in two feature-length anime movies in the early 1980s, was also part of the Sanrio's lineup; however, the rights to Unico shifted to Osamu Tezuka's own company after Tezuka's death in 1989.
In late 2003, Sanrio won the "Top Brand with a Conscience" award from the Medinge Group of Sweden for its communication principles. The company has partnered with UNICEF since 1984. In 2006, Sanrio launched Sanrio Digital together with Typhoon Games to expand to the Internet, online games, and mobile services.
Beginning with Jewelpet in 2008, Sanrio started collaborating with Sega Toys in creating characters intended to become media franchises. Subsequent collaborations include Rilu Rilu Fairilu from 2016 and Beatcats from 2020.
2010 was Sanrio's 50th anniversary. In conjunction with this, Build-A-Bear Workshop released limited edition stuffed toys of several Sanrio characters, including Hello Kitty, Chococat, My Melody and Keroppi.
Hello Kitty is alleged to be drawn in a similar style to the rabbit Miffy. On August 26, 2010, Mercis BV, representing Miffy's creator Dick Bruna brought suit against Sanrio. They claimed that one of Hello Kitty's companion characters, a rabbit named Cathy, infringes on the copyright and trademark of Miffy. On November 2, 2010, a Dutch court ruled against Sanrio and ordered the company to stop marketing Cathy products in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Following the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami in Japan, Sanrio and Mercis reached an out-of-court settlement on June 7, 2011, for Sanrio to halt production worldwide of merchandise that feature Cathy. They also jointly announced a €150,000 donation to earthquake victims.
In December 2011, Sanrio Global acquired the rights to the Mr. Men characters, which includes the subsidiary Mr Men Films Ltd, taking over Chorion's THOIP company.
In 2019 the European Commission fined Sanrio 6.2 million euros (approx. 6.9 million US dollars) for blocking cross-border sales of its licensed products.
In June 2020, it was announced that the company's founder and president, Shintaro Tsuji would step down from the role and hand control of the company to his grandson, Tomokuni Tsuji. Tomokuni was just 31 at the time, making him the youngest chief executive of a listed Japanese company. Shintaro Tsuji ran the company for 60 years.

## Locations

Sanrio Inc. is Sanrio's American subsidiary. Sanrio Inc. has offices in South San Francisco, California, and Torrance, California. Sanrio's first Western Hemisphere store opened in San Jose's Eastridge Mall. In 2008, Sanrio opened its high-end boutique called Sanrio Luxe in New York City's Times Square. In the Western Hemisphere, Sanrio character-branded products are sold in upwards of 13,000 locations including department, specialty, and national chain stores and over 85 Sanrio boutiques. In April 2010, the first and only Sanrio-licensed eatery (Sanrio Cafe) in the U.S. opened at Pearlridge's Downtown phase in Aiea, Hawaii.
In 2004, Sanrio Co. Ltd., expanded its license to one of its major licensee and plush suppliers Nakajima USA to include the owning and operating of all Sanrio branded stores in the US, overseeing the relationships between individual licensed stores and supplying all categories of products for the retail stores in the US and wholesale accounts.
Sanrio hosts two theme parks in Japan, Sanrio Puroland in Tama, Tokyo, and Harmonyland in Hiji, Ōita, Kyūshū.

## Characters

Sanrio has created over 450 characters as of 2022, the best known of which is the white cat character Hello Kitty from 1974. Other well-known characters include the rabbit My Melody from 1975, the frog Keroppi from 1988, the penguin Bad Badtz-Maru from 1993, the white dog Cinnamoroll from 2001, the rabbit Kuromi from 2005, the animal series Jewelpet from 2008, the egg character Gudetama from 2013, and the red panda Aggressive Retsuko from 2015.
Notable designers of Sanrio characters include Yuko Shimizu, original designer of Hello Kitty, Yuko Yamaguchi, lead designer for most of Hello Kitty's history and Miyuki Okumura, original designer of Cinnamoroll.
Since 1986 Sanrio has held the annual Sanrio Character Ranking poll where fans can vote on their favorite characters. It began in the Strawberry Newspaper (ja:いちご新聞) published by Sanrio in Japan, but now voting also takes place online.
Besides their own original characters, Sanrio also owns the rights to the Mr. Men characters and Japanese licensing rights to the Peanuts characters.

## Filmography
### Theatrical

From 1977 to 1985, Sanrio produced movies through their Sanrio Films label. After A Journey Through Fairyland, Sanrio switched gears and started doing short films, OVAs, and TV shows based on their characters. In 2006, Sanrio announced they are again going to do feature-length films.
| Title (English and Japanese) | Release date | Notes |
| Joe and the Rose (バラの花とジョー/ Bara no Hana to Joe) | March 7, 1977 (Japan) | Animated short film |
| Little Jumbo (小さなジャンボ/ Chiisana Jumbo) | September 10, 1977 (Japan) | Animated short film |
| Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They Get Nineteen Kids? | September 10, 1977 (Japan) December 7, 1977 (USA) | Live-action documentary; co-produced with Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates and Korty Films |
| The Mouse and His Child (親子ねずみの不思議な旅/Oyaro nezumi no fushingina tabi) | November 18, 1977 (USA) March 11, 1978 (Japan) | Co-produced with Murakami Wolf; Based on the children's book by Russell Hoban |
| Ringing Bell (チリンの鈴/Chirin no Suzu) | March 11, 1978 (Japan) April 8, 1983 (USA; Direct to Video) | Animated short film; Based on the children's book by Takashi Yanase |
| Olly Olly Oxen Free (also released as The Great Balloon Adventure) | May 13, 1978 (Japan) c. August 1978 (USA) | Live-action film |
| Orpheus of the Stars/Metamorphoses/Winds of Change (星のオルフェウス/Hoshi no Orufeusu) | May 26, 1978 (USA; as Metamorphoses) May 3, 1979 (USA; as Winds of Change) October 27, 1979 (Japan; as Orpheus of the Stars) | Animated film; Based on the poem, Metamorphoses, by Ovid Co-produced with Columbia Pictures |
| The Glacier Fox (キタキツネ物語/Kita-kitsune monogatari) | July 15, 1978 (Japan) January 5, 1979 (USA) | Live-action documentary |
| Nutcracker Fantasy (くるみ割り人形/Kurumiwari Ningyō) | March 3, 1979 (Japan) July 6, 1979 (USA) | Stop-motion animated film; Based on The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky |
| Unico: Black Cloud, White Feather (ユニコ 黒い雲と白い羽/Kuroi Kumo Shiroi Hane) | April 1979 (Japan) | Rejected animated pilot; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| A Tale of Africa/The Green Horizon (アフリカ物語/Afurika Monogatari) | July 19, 1980 (Japan) c. 1981 (USA; Released as The Green Horizon on television) | Live-action film |
| The Fantastic Adventures of Unico (ユニコ) | March 14, 1981 (Japan) May 12, 1983 (USA; released direct-to-video) | Animated film; Co-production with Tezuka Productions & Madhouse; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (シリウスの伝説/The Legend of Sirius) | July 18, 1981 (Japan) September 8, 1982 (USA; released direct-to-video) | Animated film |
| The Ideon: A Contact (伝説巨神イデオン 接触篇/Densetsu-kyoshin ideon: Sesshoku-hen) | July 10, 1982 (Japan) | Animated film (compilation film based on Space Runaway Ideon) Co-produced with Sunrise/Co-distributed by Shochiku |
| The Ideon: Be Invoked (伝説巨神イデオン　発動篇/Densetsu kyojin ideon: Hatsudou-hen) | July 10, 1982 (Japan) | Animated film (Alternate ending of the television series: Space Runaway Ideon) Co-produced with Sunrise |
| Don't Cry, It's Only Thunder | November 5, 1982 (USA) | Live-action film |
| Unico in the Island of Magic (ユニコ 魔法の島へ) | July 16, 1983 (Japan) November 10, 1983 (USA; released direct-to-video) | Animated film; Based on the manga by Osamu Tezuka |
| Oshin (おしん) | March 17, 1984 (Japan) | Animated film; Based on the Japanese television drama of the same name |
| Fairy Florence/A Journey Through Fairyland (妖精フローレンス/Yosei Florence) | October 19, 1985 (Japan) November 4, 1985 (USA; released direct-to-video) | Animated film |
| My Melody no Akazukin (マイメロディの赤ずきん) | July 22, 1989 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Cinderella (ハローキティのシンデレラ) | July 22, 1989 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Kiki to Lala no Aoi Tori (キキとララの青い鳥) | July 22, 1989 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Pokopon no Yukai na Saiyuuki (ぽこぽんのゆかいな西遊記) | July 21, 1990 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Oyayubi Hime (ハローキティのおやゆびひめ) | July 21, 1990 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Daibouken: Fushigi na Mame no ki (けろけろけろっぴの大冒険 ふしぎな豆の木) | July 21, 1990 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Sanjuushi (けろけろけろっぴの三銃士) | July 20, 1991 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Mahou no Mori no Ohime-sama (ハローキティの魔法の森のお姫さま) | July 20, 1991 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Tabo no Ryuuguu Hoshi Dai Tanken (たあ坊の竜宮星大探険) | July 20, 1991 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Hello Kitty no Minna no Mori o Mamore! (ハローキティのみんなの森をまもれ!) | January 13, 1996 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Kero Kero Keroppi no Bikkuri! Obake Yashiki (けろけろけろっぴのびっくり! おばけやしき) | January 13, 1996 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Bad Batzmaru no Ore no Pochi Sekaiichi (バッドばつ丸のオレのポチは世界一) | January 13, 1996 (Japan) | Animated film; Part of Sanrio Anime Festival |
| Mouse Story: George and Gerald's Adventure (ねずみ物語 ジョージとジェラルドの冒険) | December 22, 2007 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Madhouse; Released in a double bill with Cinnamoroll the Movie |
| Cinnamoroll the Movie (シナモン The Movie) | December 22, 2007 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Madhouse; Released in a double bill with Mouse Story: George and Gerald's Adventure |
| Jewelpet the Movie: Sweets Dance Princess (映画ジュエルペット スウィーツダンスプリンセス) | August 11, 2012 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Sega Toys & Studio Comet |
| Onegai My Melody: Yū & Ai (おねがいマイメロディ) | August 11, 2012 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with Studio Comet |
| Gō-chan and his Forest Friends Moko & Marvelous Creatures | May 3, 2017 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with TV Asahi & Shin-Ei Animation |
| Gō-chan ~Moco and the Promise Made on the Ice~ | March 18, 2018 (Japan) | Animated film; Co-produced with TV Asahi & Shin-Ei Animation |
| Jewelepet Attack Travel! | May 14, 2022 | Animated short film; Co-produced with Ashi Productions |

### Other animation

Sanrio began its involvement in the production of TV and direct-to-video animation during the late 1980s and early 1990s, starting with the US-made Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater in 1987. The character My Melody got her first starring role in an animated series in the anime television series, Onegai My Melody, which first aired on TV Osaka on April 3, 2005, and was produced by Studio Comet. The Sugarbunnies franchise was later adapted into a 7-minute short series in 2007 and was popular enough to gain two sequels.
Jewelpet was also adapted into an anime metaseries in 2009, which was also produced by Studio Comet, spanning 6 official seasons and one theatrical movie, making it the longest-running anime adaptation of a Sanrio franchise in history.
Show by Rock!!, a game by Sanrio and Geechs got an anime adaptation produced by Bones in 2015 - and was licensed in the United States by Funimation. Aggretsuko also get three animated adaptations by Fanworks, one aired on TBS and the later two were released officially on Netflix.
* Mr. Men (1974) — Flicks Films
* Little Miss (1983) — Flicks Films
* Button Nose (1985) — Topcraft
* Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater (1987) — DIC Entertainment
* Hello Kitty and Friends (1989—1998) — Grouper Production
* Mr. Men and Little Miss (1995—1997) — Marina Productions/Breakthrough Films and Television
* Flint the Time Detective (1998) — Group TAC
* Hello Kitty's Paradise (1999)
* Hello Kitty's Animation Theater (2001) — Group TAC
* Hello Kitty's Stump Village (2005) — Studio Tomorrow/SOVIK Venture Capital
* Onegai My Melody (2005) — Studio Comet
* U*SA*HA*NA: Dream Ballerina (2006) — Asahi Production
* Hello Kitty: Ringo no Mori Fantasy (2006) — Asahi Production
* Onegai My Melody ~KuruKuru Shuffle!~ (2006) — Studio Comet
* Hello Kitty: Ringo No Mori No Mystery (2007) — Asahi Production
* Sugarbunnies (2007) — Asahi Production
* Onegai My Melody Sukkiri♪ (2007) — Studio Comet
* Hello Kitty: Ringo no Mori to Parallel Town (2007) — Asahi Production
* Sugarbunnies Chocolat! (2008) — Asahi Production
* Onegai♪My Melody Kirara (2008) — Studio Comet
* The Mr. Men Show (2008) - Renegade Animation
* The Adventures of Hello Kitty & Friends (2008) - Dream Cortex
* Sugarbunnies Fleur (2009) — Asahi Production
* Jewelpet (2009) — Studio Comet
* Jewelpet Twinkle (2010) — Studio Comet
* Jewelpet Sunshine (2011) — Studio Comet
* Jewelpet Kira Deco! (2012) — Studio Comet
* Jewelpet Happiness (2013) — Studio Comet
* Lady Jewelpet (2014) — Zexcs
* Show by Rock!! (2015) — Bones
* Jewelpet: Magical Change (2015) — Studio Deen and TMS Entertainment
* Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ Yousei no Door ~ (2016) — Studio Deen
* Show by Rock!!# (2016) — Bones
* Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ Mahou no Kagami ~ (2017) — Studio Deen
* Sanrio Boys (2018) — Pierrot
* Aggretsuko (2018–2023) — Fanworks
* Oshiete Mahou no Pendulum ~ Rilu Rilu Fairilu ~ (2018) - Studio Deen
* Show by Rock!! Mashumairesh!! (2020) — Kinema Citrus
* Mewkledreamy (2020) — J.C.Staff
* Show by Rock!! Stars!! (2021) — Kinema Citrus
* Mewkledreamy Mix! (2021) — J.C.Staff
* Gudetama: An Eggcellent Adventure (2022) — Gathering and Oriental Light and Magic (OLM)

### Variety shows

A few children's variety shows by Sanrio aired on TV Tokyo.
* Daisuki! Hello Kitty (1993—1994)
* Asobou!! Hello Kitty (1994)
* Hello Kitty to Bad Badtz-Maru (1994—1998)
* Kitty's Paradise (1999—2011)
* Sanrio Characters Pon Pon Jump! (2017-2020)
* Fun Fun Kitty! (2020-2022)

## Video games

Sanrio Digital produces and publishes digital content based on Sanrio intellectual property assets like Hello Kitty, My Melody, Badtz Maru and many others. Among the games are: Hello Kitty: Roller Rescue, Hello Kitty: Birthday Adventures, and Hello Kitty Seasons. Hello Kitty Island Adventure (2023) is a Sanrio game created for Apple Arcade, PC and Nintendo Switch.

## Publishing

Sanrio publishes many books featuring its own characters. It also publishes art books (for instance, those by Keibun Ōta). Sanrio publishes books in many languages, including Japanese and English. Sanrio published video games in the early 1990s under the name Character Soft.