# 2000 United States presidential election in California

Elections in California :
Federal governmentU.S. President
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2024
Dem
Rep
U.S. Senate
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U.S. House of Representatives
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16th
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45th
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2026 :
State governmentExecutive Governor
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2026
Lieutenant governor
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2026
Attorney general
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2026
Secretary of state
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Treasurer
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2026
Controller
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2022
Insurance commissioner
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1998
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Superintendent
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Board of equalization
2018
2022
Legislature Senate
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2024
Special
Assembly
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2021 (79th sp)
2022 (17th sp)
2024
Special
Judiciary Court of appeals
1994
1998
2002
2006
Elections by year
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008
Feb
Jun
Nov
2009
2010
Jun
Nov
2012
Jun
Nov
2014
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2024 :
State propositions1910–1919
1911
4
7
8
1960–1969
1964
14
1970–1979
1978
6
8
13
1980–1989
1982
8
1986
64
65
1988
98
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1990–1999
1994
187
1996
196
209
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1998
6
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227
2000–2009
2000
21
22
36
39
2003
53
54
2004
1A
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60A
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2009
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1B
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1D
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1F
2010–2019
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29
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2016
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Full list :
Los Angeles CountyLos Angeles County Board of supervisors
1980
1996
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
Ballot measures
1980
A
2008
R
2012
B
J
2016
M
2024
G
Elections
2020
2022
2024
Los Angeles Mayor
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1909 (sp)
1909
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921
1923
1925
1929
1933
1937
1938
1941
1945
1949
1953
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
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2009
2013
2017
2022
2026
City attorney
2009
Ballot measures
1986
U
2017
S
Elections
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019 (sp)
2020
2022
2023 (sp)
2024
Long Beach Mayor
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022 :
Orange CountyOrange County Board of supervisors
2018
2020
2022
2024
District attorney
2018
Anaheim Mayor
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
Irvine Mayor
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
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2024
Costa Mesa Municipal
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2024 :
SacramentoMayor
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024 :
San Diego CountySan Diego County Board of supervisors
2020
San Diego Mayor
1887
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2013–14 (sp)
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2028
City attorney
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2012
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2020
City council
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2010
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2022
2024
Special :
San FranciscoMayor
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1905
1907
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1911
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1935
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1943
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2024
District attorney
2019
2022 (recall)
2022 (sp)
2024
Board of supervisors
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1996
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Board of education
2018
2022 (recall)
Ballot measures
2024
G
Elections
2004
Mar
Nov
2005
2006
Jun
Nov
2007
2008
Feb
Jun
Nov
2009
2010
Jun
Nov
2011
2012
Jun
Nov
2013
2022
Feb :
San JoseMayor
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2024 :
Other localities
Bakersfield
Mayoral elections:
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Fresno
Mayoral elections:
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Oakland
Mayoral elections:
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2024
2025
Riverside
Mayoral elections:
1997
2001
2005
2009
2012
2016
2020
2024
San Bernardino
Mayoral elections:
2005
2009
2014
2018
2022
Stockton
Mayoral elections:
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024 :
vte :
The 2000 United States presidential election in California took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the wider 2000 United States presidential election. Voters chose 54 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
California was won by the Democratic ticket of Vice President Al Gore of Tennessee and Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut by 11.8% points over the Republican ticket of Texas Governor George W. Bush and former U.S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney of Wyoming.
The state hosted the 2000 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles and was slightly contested by both candidates due to a large Hispanic population and a large independent and moderate base surrounding San Diego and Sacramento's suburbs. This was the first time since 1880 in which a winning Republican presidential candidate lost California, and the first time ever that a losing Democrat won a majority of the vote in the state. As of the 2020 presidential election, Bush is the last Republican candidate to carry Alpine and Mono counties in a presidential election. This was also the first time since 1976 that California did not back the candidate who won the overall presidential election as well.
Bush became the first ever Republican to win the White House without carrying Imperial County, as well as the first to do so without carrying Santa Barbara County since Abraham Lincoln in 1860, the first to do so without carrying Monterey County since William McKinley in 1896, the first to do so without carrying San Benito County since William McKinley in 1900, and the first to do so without carrying Napa or Sacramento Counties since Richard Nixon in 1968. He also became the first nominee of either party to win the White House without receiving at least a million votes from Los Angeles County since this county first gave any nominee a million votes, in 1952. This feat would be reprised by Donald Trump in 2016.
California was one of ten states that backed George H. W. Bush for president in 1988 that didn't back George W. Bush in either 2000 or 2004.

## Primaries

* 2000 California Democratic presidential primary
* 2000 California Republican presidential primary

## Results

2000 United States presidential election in California :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes |
| | Democratic | Albert A. Gore Jr. and Joseph Lieberman | 5,861,203 | 53.45% | 54 |
| | Republican | George W. Bush and Richard B. Cheney | 4,567,429 | 41.65% | 0 |
| | Green | Ralph Nader and Winona LaDuke | 418,707 | 3.82% | 0 |
| | Libertarian | Harry Browne | 45,520 | 0.42% | 0 |
| | Reform | Pat Buchanan | 44,987 | 0.41% | 0 |
| | American Independent | Howard Phillips | 17,042 | 0.16% | 0 |
| | Natural Law | John Hagelin | 10,934 | 0.10% | 0 |
| | write-in | David McReynolds | 28 | 0.00% | 0 |
| | | Other write-in | 6 | 0.00% | 0 |
| Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | Invalid or blank votes | 177,010 | 1.59% | — |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | 10,965,856 | 100.00% | 54 |
| Voter turnout | Voter turnout | Voter turnout | 70.94% | 70.94% | — |

### By county

| County | Al Gore Democratic | Al Gore Democratic | George W. Bush Republican | George W. Bush Republican | Ralph Nader Green | Ralph Nader Green | Various candidates Other parties | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Margin | Total votes cast |
| County | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | Total votes cast |
| Alameda | 342,889 | 69.36% | 119,279 | 24.13% | 27,499 | 5.56% | 4,669 | 0.95% | 223,610 | 45.23% | 494,336 |
| Alpine | 265 | 45.22% | 281 | 47.95% | 25 | 4.27% | 15 | 2.56% | -16 | -2.73% | 586 |
| Amador | 5,906 | 38.19% | 8,766 | 56.69% | 584 | 3.78% | 208 | 1.34% | -2,860 | -18.50% | 15,464 |
| Butte | 31,338 | 37.43% | 45,584 | 54.45% | 5,727 | 6.84% | 1,072 | 1.28% | -14,246 | -17.02% | 83,721 |
| Calaveras | 7,093 | 37.58% | 10,599 | 56.15% | 863 | 4.57% | 321 | 1.69% | -3,506 | -18.57% | 18,876 |
| Colusa | 1,745 | 31.22% | 3,629 | 64.92% | 151 | 2.70% | 65 | 1.16% | -1,884 | -33.70% | 5,590 |
| Contra Costa | 224,338 | 58.81% | 141,373 | 37.06% | 13,067 | 3.43% | 2,700 | 0.71% | 82,965 | 21.75% | 381,478 |
| Del Norte | 3,117 | 37.58% | 4,526 | 54.57% | 485 | 5.85% | 166 | 2.00% | -1,409 | -16.99% | 8,294 |
| El Dorado | 26,220 | 36.35% | 42,045 | 58.29% | 3,013 | 4.18% | 858 | 1.19% | -15,825 | -21.94% | 72,136 |
| Fresno | 95,059 | 43.05% | 117,342 | 53.14% | 6,541 | 2.96% | 1,893 | 0.86% | -22,283 | -10.09% | 220,835 |
| Glenn | 2,498 | 28.68% | 5,795 | 66.53% | 268 | 3.08% | 150 | 1.72% | -3,297 | -37.85% | 8,711 |
| Humboldt | 24,851 | 44.40% | 23,219 | 41.48% | 7,100 | 12.68% | 802 | 1.44% | 1,632 | 2.92% | 55,972 |
| Imperial | 15,489 | 53.53% | 12,524 | 43.28% | 608 | 2.10% | 316 | 1.09% | 2,965 | 10.25% | 28,937 |
| Inyo | 2,652 | 33.93% | 4,713 | 60.31% | 344 | 4.40% | 106 | 1.35% | -2,061 | -26.38% | 7,815 |
| Kern | 66,003 | 36.20% | 110,663 | 60.70% | 3,474 | 1.91% | 2,168 | 1.18% | -44,660 | -24.50% | 182,308 |
| Kings | 11,041 | 38.97% | 16,377 | 57.80% | 567 | 2.00% | 350 | 1.24% | -5,336 | -18.83% | 28,335 |
| Lake | 10,717 | 51.23% | 8,699 | 41.58% | 1,265 | 6.05% | 238 | 1.14% | 2,018 | 9.65% | 20,919 |
| Lassen | 2,982 | 28.17% | 7,080 | 66.88% | 339 | 3.20% | 185 | 1.75% | -4,098 | -38.71% | 10,586 |
| Los Angeles | 1,710,505 | 63.47% | 871,930 | 32.35% | 83,731 | 3.11% | 28,988 | 1.08% | 838,575 | 31.12% | 2,695,154 |
| Madera | 11,650 | 34.89% | 20,283 | 60.74% | 1,080 | 3.23% | 382 | 1.14% | -8,633 | -25.85% | 33,395 |
| Marin | 79,135 | 64.26% | 34,872 | 28.32% | 8,289 | 6.73% | 859 | 0.70% | 44,263 | 35.94% | 123,155 |
| Mariposa | 2,816 | 34.88% | 4,727 | 58.55% | 379 | 4.69% | 152 | 1.88% | -1,911 | -23.67% | 8,074 |
| Mendocino | 16,634 | 48.34% | 12,272 | 35.66% | 5,051 | 14.68% | 453 | 1.32% | 4,362 | 12.68% | 34,410 |
| Merced | 22,726 | 45.08% | 26,102 | 51.77% | 1,166 | 2.31% | 424 | 0.84% | -3,376 | -6.69% | 50,418 |
| Modoc | 945 | 23.07% | 2,969 | 72.47% | 122 | 2.98% | 61 | 1.49% | -2,024 | -49.28% | 4,107 |
| Mono | 1,788 | 40.91% | 2,296 | 52.53% | 230 | 5.26% | 57 | 1.30% | -508 | -11.62% | 4,371 |
| Monterey | 67,618 | 57.53% | 43,761 | 37.23% | 5,059 | 4.30% | 1,096 | 0.93% | 23,857 | 20.30% | 117,534 |
| Napa | 28,097 | 54.32% | 20,633 | 39.89% | 2,471 | 4.78% | 523 | 1.01% | 7,464 | 14.43% | 51,724 |
| Nevada | 17,670 | 37.22% | 25,998 | 54.76% | 3,287 | 6.92% | 524 | 1.10% | -8,328 | -17.54% | 47,479 |
| Orange | 391,819 | 40.36% | 541,299 | 55.75% | 26,833 | 2.76% | 10,954 | 1.13% | -149,480 | -15.39% | 970,905 |
| Placer | 42,449 | 36.04% | 69,835 | 59.28% | 4,449 | 3.78% | 1,061 | 0.90% | -27,386 | -23.24% | 117,799 |
| Plumas | 3,458 | 33.25% | 6,343 | 60.98% | 456 | 4.38% | 144 | 1.38% | -2,885 | -27.73% | 10,401 |
| Riverside | 202,576 | 44.90% | 231,955 | 51.42% | 11,678 | 2.59% | 4,918 | 1.09% | -29,379 | -6.52% | 451,127 |
| Sacramento | 212,792 | 49.31% | 195,619 | 45.33% | 17,659 | 4.09% | 5,480 | 1.27% | 17,173 | 3.98% | 431,550 |
| San Benito | 9,131 | 54.25% | 7,015 | 41.68% | 535 | 3.18% | 150 | 0.89% | 2,116 | 12.57% | 16,831 |
| San Bernardino | 214,749 | 47.21% | 221,757 | 48.75% | 11,775 | 2.59% | 6,612 | 1.45% | -7,008 | -1.54% | 454,893 |
| San Diego | 437,666 | 45.66% | 475,736 | 49.63% | 33,979 | 3.54% | 11,253 | 1.17% | -38,070 | -3.97% | 958,634 |
| San Francisco | 241,578 | 75.54% | 51,496 | 16.10% | 24,828 | 7.76% | 1,884 | 0.59% | 190,082 | 59.44% | 319,786 |
| San Joaquin | 79,776 | 47.70% | 81,773 | 48.90% | 4,195 | 2.51% | 1,485 | 0.89% | -1,997 | -1.20% | 167,239 |
| San Luis Obispo | 44,526 | 40.89% | 56,859 | 52.22% | 6,523 | 5.99% | 978 | 0.90% | -12,333 | -11.33% | 108,886 |
| San Mateo | 166,757 | 64.29% | 80,296 | 30.95% | 10,433 | 4.02% | 1,913 | 0.73% | 86,461 | 33.34% | 259,399 |
| Santa Barbara | 73,411 | 47.37% | 71,493 | 46.13% | 8,664 | 5.59% | 1,406 | 0.91% | 1,918 | 1.24% | 154,974 |
| Santa Clara | 332,490 | 60.66% | 188,750 | 34.44% | 19,072 | 3.48% | 7,817 | 1.43% | 143,740 | 26.22% | 548,129 |
| Santa Cruz | 66,618 | 61.48% | 29,627 | 27.34% | 10,844 | 10.01% | 1,261 | 1.16% | 36,991 | 34.14% | 108,350 |
| Shasta | 20,127 | 30.25% | 43,278 | 65.04% | 2,131 | 3.20% | 1,008 | 1.51% | -23,151 | -34.79% | 66,544 |
| Sierra | 540 | 29.24% | 1,172 | 63.45% | 86 | 4.66% | 49 | 2.65% | -632 | -34.21% | 1,847 |
| Siskiyou | 6,323 | 31.90% | 12,198 | 61.55% | 872 | 4.40% | 426 | 2.15% | -5,875 | -29.65% | 19,819 |
| Solano | 75,116 | 57.02% | 51,604 | 39.17% | 3,869 | 2.94% | 1,146 | 0.87% | 23,512 | 17.85% | 131,735 |
| Sonoma | 117,295 | 59.54% | 63,529 | 32.25% | 14,324 | 7.27% | 1,858 | 0.94% | 53,766 | 27.29% | 197,006 |
| Stanislaus | 56,448 | 44.01% | 67,188 | 52.38% | 3,398 | 2.65% | 1,233 | 0.96% | -10,740 | -8.37% | 128,267 |
| Sutter | 8,416 | 31.68% | 17,350 | 65.31% | 594 | 2.24% | 204 | 0.77% | -8,934 | -33.63% | 26,564 |
| Tehama | 6,507 | 31.20% | 13,270 | 63.63% | 697 | 3.34% | 380 | 1.82% | -6,763 | -32.43% | 20,854 |
| Trinity | 1,932 | 33.33% | 3,340 | 57.62% | 396 | 6.83% | 129 | 2.23% | -1,408 | -24.29% | 5,797 |
| Tulare | 33,006 | 36.75% | 54,070 | 60.20% | 1,834 | 2.04% | 908 | 1.01% | -21,064 | -23.45% | 89,818 |
| Tuolumne | 9,359 | 39.44% | 13,172 | 55.51% | 949 | 4.00% | 247 | 1.04% | -3,813 | -16.07% | 23,727 |
| Ventura | 133,258 | 47.14% | 136,173 | 48.17% | 10,235 | 3.62% | 3,026 | 1.07% | -2,915 | -1.03% | 282,692 |
| Yolo | 33,747 | 54.93% | 23,057 | 37.53% | 4,107 | 6.69% | 525 | 0.85% | 10,690 | 17.40% | 61,436 |
| Yuba | 5,546 | 34.39% | 9,838 | 61.00% | 507 | 3.14% | 236 | 1.46% | -4,292 | -26.61% | 16,127 |
| Total | 5,861,203 | 53.45% | 4,567,429 | 41.65% | 418,707 | 3.82% | 118,517 | 1.09% | 1,293,774 | 11.80% | 10,965,856 |

#### Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

* Merced (Largest city: Merced)
* San Bernardino (Largest city: San Bernardino)
* San Joaquin (Largest city: Stockton)
* Stanislaus (Largest city: Modesto)
* Ventura (Largest city: Ventura)

### By congressional district

Gore won 33 of 52 congressional districts, including three that elected Republicans, with the remaining 19 going to Bush, including two that elected Democrats.
| District | Gore | Bush | Representative |
| 1st | 50% | 41% | Mike Thompson |
| 2nd | 34% | 59% | Wally Herger |
| 3rd | 44% | 51% | Doug Ose |
| 4th | 37% | 58% | John Doolittle |
| 5th | 57% | 37% | Bob Matsui |
| 6th | 62% | 30% | Lynn Woolsey |
| 7th | 69% | 27% | George Miller |
| 8th | 77% | 15% | Nancy Pelosi |
| 9th | 79% | 12% | Barbara Lee |
| 10th | 51% | 45% | Ellen Tauscher |
| 11th | 47% | 50% | Richard Pombo |
| 12th | 67% | 27% | Tom Lantos |
| 13th | 66% | 30% | Pete Stark |
| 14th | 62% | 32% | Anna Eshoo |
| 15th | 57% | 38% | Tom Campbell |
| 15th | 57% | 38% | Mike Honda |
| 16th | 64% | 32% | Zoe Lofgren |
| 17th | 60% | 33% | Sam Farr |
| 18th | 44% | 53% | Gary Condit |
| 19th | 38% | 58% | George Radanovich |
| 20th | 50% | 48% | Cal Dooley |
| 21st | 33% | 64% | Bill Thomas |
| 22nd | 45% | 49% | Lois Capps |
| 23rd | 48% | 47% | Elton Gallegly |
| 24th | 58% | 38% | Brad Sherman |
| 25th | 45% | 51% | Buck McKeon |
| 26th | 70% | 25% | Howard Berman |
| 27th | 53% | 41% | Jim Rogan |
| 27th | 53% | 41% | Adam Schiff |
| 28th | 49% | 47% | David Dreier |
| 29th | 72% | 22% | Henry Waxman |
| 30th | 75% | 19% | Xavier Becerra |
| 31st | 69% | 27% | Matthew G. Martínez |
| 31st | 69% | 27% | Hilda Solis |
| 32nd | 83% | 13% | Diane Watson |
| 33rd | 83% | 15% | Lucille Roybal-Allard |
| 34th | 67% | 30% | Grace Napolitano |
| 35th | 86% | 12% | Maxine Waters |
| 36th | 51% | 44% | Steven T. Kuykendall |
| 36th | 51% | 44% | Jane Harman |
| 37th | 83% | 15% | Juanita Millender-McDonald |
| 38th | 58% | 37% | Steve Horn |
| 39th | 43% | 53% | Ed Royce |
| 40th | 39% | 56% | Jerry Lewis |
| 41st | 47% | 50% | Gary Miller |
| 42nd | 57% | 39% | Joe Baca |
| 43rd | 44% | 52% | Ken Calvert |
| 44th | 47% | 49% | Mary Bono |
| 45th | 40% | 56% | Dana Rohrabacher |
| 46th | 54% | 42% | Loretta Sánchez |
| 47th | 39% | 57% | Christopher Cox |
| 48th | 36% | 60% | Ron Packard |
| 48th | 36% | 60% | Darrell Issa |
| 49th | 53% | 41% | Brian Bilbray |
| 49th | 53% | 41% | Susan Davis |
| 50th | 59% | 37% | Bob Filner |
| 51st | 41% | 55% | Duke Cunningham |
| 52nd | 41% | 54% | Duncan Hunter |

## Analysis

Vice President Al Gore easily defeated Texas Governor George W. Bush in California. Bush campaigned several times in California, but it didn't seem to help as Gore defeated Bush by 11.8%. Bush did make substantial headway in the Gold Country, Shasta Cascade, and parts of the Central Valley, flipping San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced Counties (all of which had voted for Bill Clinton twice) and winning the highest vote share of any presidential nominee in decades (exceeding California natives Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan) in Shasta, Madera, Tehama, Siskiyou, Lassen, Plumas, Modoc, and Sierra Counties. He also flipped San Bernardino County, his largest county flip in the state (and nationally), as well as Ventura County; but he underperformed in all the large, then-historically Republican counties of Southern California and the Central Coast (San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo) relative to Bob Dole's performance in 1996, losing Santa Barbara outright despite that Dole had lost it by only 4.5%. In the then-Republican bastion of Orange County, Al Gore became the first Democrat to crack 40% since Lyndon Johnson's 1964 landslide.
Furthermore, Gore overwhelmingly won Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the state and the country, and swept the Bay Area (where Bush's father had won Napa County in 1988, the last time a Republican had won the state). In San Francisco, although Bush did improve slightly on Dole's vote share, he posted the second-worst showing of any major-party nominee (after Dole) since John Davis in 1924. Even though Green Party nominee Ralph Nader broke into double digits in the North Coast counties of Mendocino and Humboldt, as well as in Santa Cruz County, these factors helped Gore win statewide by a little over 1.3 million votes, greater than his national popular vote margin over Bush (although less than the raw vote margin whereby he won New York).
Apart from Ralph Nader, Pat Buchanan, the paleoconservative former adviser to Presidents Nixon and Reagan and two-time Republican presidential candidate, was on the ballot as the nominee of the Reform Party, which had been founded by Ross Perot in 1994. However, as in most of the rest of the country, Buchanan fell well short of Perot's 1996 performance in California, cracking 1% only in Glenn County (and in tiny Alpine County, where he received eight votes). Buchanan was essentially a non-factor, and California was projected for Gore upon poll-closing, at 11 PM EST.

## Electors

Technically the voters of California cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. California is allocated 54 electors because it has 52 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 54 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 54 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.
The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 18, 2000, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.
The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All were pledged to and voted for Al Gore and Joe Lieberman:
* Sunil Aghi
* Amy Arambula
* Rachel Binah
* R. Stephen Bollinger
* Roberts Braden
* Laura Karolina Capps
* Anni Chung
* Joseph A. Cislowski
* Sheldon Cohn
* Thor Emblem
* Elsa Favila
* John Freidenrich
* Cecelia Fuentes
* Glen Fuller
* James Garrison
* Sally Goehring
* Florence Gold
* Jill S. Hardy
* Therese Horsting
* Georgie Huff
* Robert Eugene Hurd
* Harriet A. Ingram
* Robert Jordan
* John Koza
* John Laird
* N. Mark Lam
* Manuel M. Lopez
* Henry Lozano
* David Mann
* Beverly Martin
* R. Keith McDonald
* Carol D. Norberg
* Ron Oberndorfer
* Gerard Orozco
* Trudy Owens
* Gregory S. Pettis
* Flo Rene Pickett
* Theodore H. Plant
* Art Pulaski
* Eloise Reyes
* Alex Arthur Reza
* C. Craig Roberts
* Jason Rodríguez
* Luis D. Rojas
* Howard L. Schock
* Lane Sherman
* David A. Torres
* Larry Trullinger
* Angelo K. Tsakopoulos
* Richard Valle
* Karen Waters
* Don Wilcox
* William K. Wong
* Rosalind Wyman