# Maki (political party)

The Israeli Communist Party, commonly known by its Hebrew abbreviation Maki (Hebrew: מק״י), is a communist political party in Israel that forms part of the political alliance known as Hadash. It was originally known as Rakah (רק"ח), an acronym for Reshima Komunistit Hadasha ("New Communist List"), after breaking away from the original Maki in the 1960s.

## History

Rakah was formed on 1 September 1965 due to internal disagreements in Maki, the original Israeli Communist Party, which was split between a largely Jewish and Zionist faction led by Moshe Sneh that was critical of the Soviet Union's anti-Zionist stance, and a largely Arab faction that was increasingly anti-Zionist.
As a result, the pro-Arab/pro-Soviet faction (including Emile Habibi, Tawfik Toubi and Meir Vilner) left Maki to form a new party, Rakah, which the Soviet Union recognised as the "official" Communist Party. Shlomo Sand and Mahmoud Darwish were also Rakah activists.
The Eurocommunist faction, led by Sneh, remained in Maki. It was reported in the Soviet media that the Mikunis–Sneh group defected to the bourgeois-nationalist camp.
The 1965 Israeli legislative election saw Rakah party win three seats, comprehensively beating Maki as it slumped to just one. Rakah's opposition to Zionism and the Six-Day War meant that they were excluded from the national unity governments of the sixth Knesset. In the 1969 Israeli legislative election Rakah again won three seats. During the 1973 Israeli legislative election Rakah saw a rise in support as the party picked up four seats.
Before the 1977 elections the party joined with some other small left-wing and Arab parties, including some members of the Israeli Black Panthers to form Hadash. After the original Maki had disappeared after merging into Ratz in 1981, members of Rakah decided to change the party's name to Maki in 1989. The party remains the leading force in Hadash, and owns the Al-Ittihad newspaper.

## Ideology and positions

Maki is an anti-Zionist, Marxist–Leninist communist party. In an interview with American socialist magazine Jacobin, Eli Gozansky, a Jewish member of the party leadership, elaborated on Maki's position on whether a one-state solution was possible:
   In theory yes, but in reality no. For several important reasons: The first is that the Palestinian people want and have the right to independence. Second, mutual disbelief [in the possibility of one binational state] is enormous, certainly even more so after the latest massacres involving the two nations. Third, Israel is much stronger economically, so if the single state is established now, without a phase of independence for the Palestinians, apartheid and Jewish economic control will be perpetuated. In the future, after both countries exist in peace and prosperity, this solution is a possibility.

## Election results

| Election | Lead candidate | Votes | % | Position | Seats | +/– | Status |
| 1965 | Meir Vilner | 27,413 | 2.27 | New | 3 / 120 | 3 | opposition |
| 1969 | Meir Vilner | 38,827 | 2.84 | 7th | 3 / 120 | | opposition |
| 1973 | Meir Vilner | 53,353 | 3.41 | 6th | 4 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 1977 | Meir Vilner | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 5th | 4 / 120 | | opposition |
| 1981 | Meir Vilner | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 5th | 3 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 1984 | Meir Vilner | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 5th | 3 / 120 | | opposition |
| 1988 | Meir Vilner | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 7th | 3 / 120 | | opposition |
| 1992 | Tawfiq Ziad | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 8th | 2 / 120 | 1 | support |
| 1996 | Ahmad Sa'd | Part of Hadash–Balad | Part of Hadash–Balad | 7th | 2 / 120 | | opposition |
| 1999 | Mohammad Barakeh | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 12th | 3 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 2003 | Mohammad Barakeh | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | 9th | 2 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 2006 | Mohammad Barakeh | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 11th | 2 / 120 | | opposition |
| 2009 | Mohammad Barakeh | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 9th | 3 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 2013 | Mohammad Barakeh | Part of Hadash | Part of Hadash | 10th | 3 / 120 | | opposition |
| 2015 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of the Joint List | Part of the Joint List | 3rd | 4 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| April 2019 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | 5th | 3 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| September 2019 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of the Joint List | Part of the Joint List | 3rd | 4 / 120 | 1 | opposition |
| 2020 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of the Joint List | Part of the Joint List | 3rd | 4 / 120 | | opposition |
| 2021 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of the Joint List | Part of the Joint List | 10th | 2 / 120 | 2 | opposition |
| 2022 | Aida Touma-Suleiman | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | Part of Hadash–Ta'al | 12th | 2 / 120 | | opposition |