OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Verbandsgemeinde Kirchen (Sieg)

Verbandsgemeinde Kirchen (Sieg) is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Kirchen.
The Verbandsgemeinde Kirchen (Sieg) consists of the following 6 Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
| Municipality | Area (km²) | Population |
| Brachbach | 6.36 | 2,327 |
| Friesenhagen | 51.36 | 1,566 |
| Harbach | 5.64 | 539 |
| Kirchen * | 39.76 | 8,613 |
| Mudersbach | 9.48 | 5,825 |
| Niederfischbach | 14.47 | 4,206 |
| Verbandsgemeinde Kirchen (Sieg) | 127.07 | 23,076 |
$^*$ seat of the Verbandsgemeinde
# List of German Green Party politicians

A list of notable politicians of the Alliance 90/The Greens, the Green party of Germany:
* Top
* 0–9
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## A

* Tarek Al-Wazir
* Jan Philipp Albrecht
* Elmar Altvater
* Carl Amery
* Kerstin Andreae
* Michael Arnold

## B

* Annalena Baerbock
* Felix Banaszak
* Theresia Bauer
* Marieluise Beck
* Volker Beck
* Angelika Beer (now PIRATEN)
* Cornelia Behm
* Birgitt Bender
* Silvia Bender
* Matthias Berninger
* Marianne Birthler
* Alexander Bonde
* Franziska Brantner
* Bernhard Braun
* Hiltrud Breyer
* Ralf Briese
* Reinhard Bütikofer

## C

* Daniel Cohn-Bendit
* Michael Cramer

## D

* Rangin Dadfar Spanta
* Sepp Daxenberger
* Ekin Deligöz

## F

* Katharina Fegebank
* Hans-Josef Fell
* Andrea Fischer
* Joschka Fischer
* Ossip K. Flechtheim
* Ralf Fücks

## G

* Kai Gehring
* Sven Giegold
* Christa Goetsch
* Katrin Göring-Eckardt
* Friedrich-Wilhelm Graefe zu Baringdorf
* Friedel Grützmacher

## H

* Robert Habeck
* Gerald Häfner
* Enno Hagenah
* Anja Hajduk
* Rebecca Harms
* Andreas Hartenfels
* Martin Häusling
* Gabriele Heinen-Kljajic
* Monika Heinold
* Brigitte Heinrich
* Sarah-Lee Heinrich
* Ursula Helmhold
* Bettina Herlitzius
* Winfried Hermann
* Kurt Herzog
* Anton Hofreiter
* Bärbel Höhn
* Milan Horáček

## J

* Michael Jacobi
* Ulla Jelpke (now DIE LINKE)

## K

* Gisela Kallenbach
* Ska Keller
* Petra Kelly
* Hans-Jürgen Klein
* Sibyll-Anka Klotz
* Wilhelm Knabe
* Ina Korter
* Wolfgang Kreissl-Dörfler
* Winfried Kretschmann
* Fritz Kuhn
* Renate Künast

## L

* Ricarda Lang
* Eveline Lemke
* Vera Lengsfeld (now CDU)
* Helge Limburg
* Karoline Linnert
* Corny Littmann
* Sylvia Löhrmann
* Anna Lührmann

## M

* Christian Meyer (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen)
* Jerzy Montag
* Kerstin Müller
* Özcan Mutlu

## N

* Winfried Nachtwei
* Wolfgang Nešković
* Mona Neubaur
* Ehrhart Neubert
* Omid Nouripour

## O

* Jutta Oesterle-Schwerin
* Cem Özdemir

## P

* Boris Palmer
* Lisa Paus
* Simone Peter
* Filiz Polat
* Ramona Pop

## R

* Gerold Rahmann
* Benjamin Raschke
* Claudia Roth
* Heide Rühle
* Herbert Rusche
* Barbara Rütting

## S

* Rüdiger Sagel
* Dieter Salomon
* Ulle Schauws
* Gerhard Schick
* Frithjof Schmidt
* Michaele Schreyer
* Elisabeth Schroedter
* Werner Schulz
* Frank Schwalba-Hoth
* Sarah Sorge
* Malte Spitz
* Grietje Staffelt
* Miriam Staudte
* Silke Stokar von Neuforn
* Eckhard Stratmann-Mertens
* Hans-Christian Ströbele

## T

* Wilfried Telkämper
* Antje Töpfer
* Jürgen Trittin
* Helga Trüpel
* Elke Twesten (now CDU)

## U

* Wolfgang Ullmann

## V

* Roland Vogt
* Antje Vollmer

## W

* Stefan Wenzel
* Heike Wilms-Kegel
* Harald Wolf
* Thomas Wüppesahl
vteAlliance 90/The Greens :
(German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) :
# Monsheim (Verbandsgemeinde)

Monsheim is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Alzey-Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Monsheim.
The Verbandsgemeinde Monsheim consists of the following Ortsgemeinden
* Flörsheim-Dalsheim
* Hohen-Sülzen
* Mölsheim
* Monsheim
* Mörstadt
* Offstein
* Wachenheim
# Nahe-Glan

Nahe-Glan is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Bad Sobernheim. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Bad Sobernheim and Meisenheim.
The Verbandsgemeinde Nahe-Glan consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Abtweiler
* Auen
* Bad Sobernheim
* Bärweiler
* Becherbach
* Breitenheim
* Callbach
* Daubach
* Desloch
* Hundsbach
* Ippenschied
* Jeckenbach
* Kirschroth
* Langenthal
* Lauschied
* Lettweiler
* Löllbach
* Martinstein
* Meddersheim
* Meisenheim
* Merxheim
* Monzingen
* Nußbaum
* Odernheim am Glan
* Raumbach
* Rehbach
* Rehborn
* Reiffelbach
* Schmittweiler
* Schweinschied
* Seesbach
* Staudernheim
* Weiler bei Monzingen
* Winterburg
49°47′N 7°39′E﻿ / ﻿49.78°N 7.65°E﻿ / 49.78; 7.65
# Binhai Park

Binhai Park (Chinese: 滨海公园) is an urban park located on the north side of Binhai Road, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China. It was once called Hainan (Haikou) Youth Technology Park.

## History

Around 2005 and earlier, the site was an increasingly dilapidated and disused amusement park containing a few rides and mostly green areas. During the years just prior to 2010, it was renovated and named Hainan (Haikou) Youth Technology Park. Around 2015 to 2016 it was renovated again to become Binhai Park.

## Description

Binhai Park is around 500 metres by 500 metres with the front entrance on Binhai road. It is situated directly east of the south end of Haikou Century Bridge. There is a small lake in the centre of the park with a community centre and building and courtyard at the east shore. The park contains numerous paths and a small hill. During the final renovation, the park incorporated an area of forest at the southwest corner. This previously unmaintained area was cleaned up and had brick paths and lighting installed. However, since 2018, that corner has fallen into disrepair.
In 2018, the Haikou Citizen Tourism Center was built by the northwest shore of the lake. It is the largest building with wooden roof in China.

## Usage

Apart from being a visitor attraction for tourists, the park is used by local residents. In 2016, the Binhai Park was used for a major Bougainvillea hybrid exhibition. At that time, many other species of flowers were also planted throughout the park.

## Gallery

* Bougainvillea hybrids during the 2016 exhibition
* The lake
* Haikou Citizen Tourism Center
# Nordpfälzer Land

Nordpfälzer Land is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Donnersbergkreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Rockenhausen. It was formed on 1 January 2020 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Rockenhausen and Alsenz-Obermoschel.
The Verbandsgemeinde Nordpfälzer Land consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Alsenz
* Bayerfeld-Steckweiler
* Bisterschied
* Dielkirchen
* Dörrmoschel
* Finkenbach-Gersweiler
* Gaugrehweiler
* Gehrweiler
* Gerbach
* Gundersweiler
* Imsweiler
* Kalkofen
* Katzenbach
* Mannweiler-Cölln
* Münsterappel
* Niederhausen an der Appel
* Niedermoschel
* Oberhausen an der Appel
* Obermoschel$^2$
* Oberndorf
* Ransweiler
* Rathskirchen
* Reichsthal
* Rockenhausen$^{1,2}$
* Ruppertsecken
* Sankt Alban
* Schiersfeld
* Schönborn
* Seelen
* Sitters
* Stahlberg
* Teschenmoschel
* Unkenbach
* Waldgrehweiler
* Winterborn
* Würzweiler
49°38′N 7°49′E﻿ / ﻿49.63°N 7.82°E﻿ / 49.63; 7.82
# Battered sausage

Battered sausages are a type of sausage found all across Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

## British and Irish battered sausage

The battered sausage is a standard menu item in fish and chip shops across the United Kingdom and Ireland, often described as an "essential" staple of the fish and chip shop menu. They are made up of a pork sausage dipped in batter (usually the same batter used to batter fish), and usually served with chips. A meal of battered sausage and chips is usually known as a 'battered sausage supper' in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

## Australia and New Zealand

In Australia, it may be referred to as a "battered sav" (saveloy is a type of sausage). This may also have given rise to the local expression "fair suck of the sav". In New Zealand, they can be found either with or without a stick inserted (similar to a corn dog). In Australia if served with the stick, it is referred to as a "pluto pup" or "dagwood dog" and usually dipped in a generous amount of tomato sauce.
# Encrasicholina purpurea

Encrasicholina purpurea, the Hawaiian anchovy, known in Hawaiian as nehu, is an anchovy of the family Engraulidae that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This species was previously known as Stolephorus purpurea, but it has since changed to Encrasicholina purpurea. They are often used as bait fish.

## Description

The Hawaiian anchovy is similar to the buccaneer anchovy in having a cylindrical body, but differs in having fewer gillrakers and a shorter maxilla. They typically reach lengths of about 7.5 cm. They also tend to live to about 6 months old. The mouth of the E. purpurea is in a downward slant with a wide opening and small teeth inside. They tend to bite their prey instead of swallowing whole or filtering.

## Biology

The Hawaiian anchovy feeds on plankton. It is chiefly marine, frequenting in schools and can tolerate various salinities in fish ponds. The Nehu has an olfactory forefront bulb which is used to help sense prey, especially during infancy when their visual detection is lacking. Once they reach about 25mm at around 2 months old, their development progresses rapidly. Their ocular lenses will grow quicker so they can see prey better, as well as cerebellum and fins so they have better locomotive control to avoid predators and catch fast moving prey. They will undergo metamorphosis into juveniles at around 30mm.

## Distribution & Habitat

Encrasicholina purpurea are found throughout the Pacific Ocean surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. They tend to occupy near the island coasts in unclear waters. Although, adults occasionally move to offshore waters and back, with schools of Nehu having been found far offshore and in clearer waters. Their eggs and adolescent are typically found in enclosed spaces and estuary-type waters. Researchers often do experiments on the Nehu in Kaneohe Bay. They find many eggs 5 meters below, though they also wash up into shallower waters making them easy to find.

## Human Use & Cultural Significance

Since the Nehu are so abundant and easy to use as bait, they are often used as such by fisheries and fishermen. One species of fish in which Nehu are often used as bait for is Katsuwonus pelamis, or Hawaiian Skipjack Tuna.

## Ecosystem Impact

Hawaiian Anchovy impact the ecosystem, as they are major consumers of zooplankton. A staple of their diet includes chaetognaths, Larvaecean tunicates, holoplankton like ghost shrimp, and planktonic crustaceans. Nehu larvae are known to eat crustaceans like Copepod Nauplii. As a result, it’s predicted that they have a large effect of zooplankton population in the bays. Encrasicholina Purpurea themselves are preyed upon by adult herrings, as well as occasionally compete with them for food. The eggs and larvae are eaten by carnivorous large zooplankton such as Lucifer chacei.
# Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach

Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Rengsdorf. It was formed on 1 January 2018 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Rengsdorf and Waldbreitbach.
The Verbandsgemeinde Rengsdorf-Waldbreitbach consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Anhausen
* Bonefeld
* Breitscheid
* Datzeroth
* Ehlscheid
* Hardert
* Hausen (Wied)
* Hümmerich
* Kurtscheid
* Meinborn
* Melsbach
* Niederbreitbach
* Oberhonnefeld-Gierend
* Oberraden
* Rengsdorf
* Roßbach
* Rüscheid
* Straßenhaus
* Thalhausen
* Waldbreitbach
* This Neuwied district location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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50°31′N 7°29′E﻿ / ﻿50.51°N 7.48°E﻿ / 50.51; 7.48
# Executive Order 14188

Executive Order 14188, or "Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism," is an executive order signed on January 29, 2025 by Donald Trump at the beginning of his second presidential term.

## Provisions

The order's language focuses on anti-Semitism in education, K-12 and higher education, referencing the October 7 Hamas attacks. It also directs the Secretary of Homeland Security and attorney general to action. "Alien students and staff" are named as targets for monitoring.
The head of each executive department or agency was instructed to submit within 60 days of the date of this order "a report to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, identifying all civil and criminal authorities or actions within the jurisdiction of that agency, beyond those already implemented under Executive Order 13899, that might be used to curb or combat anti-Semitism, and containing an inventory and analysis of all pending administrative complaints."
The report was to include "an inventory and an analysis of all court cases, as of the date of the report, against or involving institutions of higher education alleging civil-rights violations".

## Context

During the 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses and in particular the April 2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupations allegations of antisemitism were raised by Jewish students and alums. On March 15, 2025, Mahmoud Khalil, an student organizer of the Columbia campus protest, was arrested by ICE.
# Suhur

Sahur, or suhoor (UK: /səˈhɜːr/; Arabic: سَحُورٌ, romanized: saḥūr, lit. 'of the dawn', 'pre-dawn meal'), also called sahari, sahri, or sehri (Persian: سَحَری, romanized: sahari) is the meal consumed early in the morning by Muslims before fasting (sawm), before dawn during or outside the Islamic month of Ramadan. The meal is eaten before Fajr prayer. Suhur corresponds to iftar, the evening meal during Ramadan, replacing the traditional three meals a day (breakfast, lunch, and dinner), although in some places dinner is also consumed after iftar later during the night.
Being the last meal eaten by Muslims before fasting from dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan, suhur is regarded by Islamic traditions as a benefit of the blessings in that it allows the person fasting to avoid the crankiness or the weakness caused by the fast. According to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari, Anas ibn Malik narrated, "The Prophet said, 'take suhur as there is a blessing in it.'"

## Musahharati

The musahharati (Arabic: مسحراتي, romanized: musaḥḥarātī; also anglicized as musaharati), also called "Ramadan drummer" in English, is a public waker for suhur and dawn prayer during Ramadan. According to the history books, Bilal ibn Rabah was the first musaharati in Islamic history, as he used to roam the streets and roads throughout the night to wake people up.
The occupation is described by a Damascene musaharati: "My duty during the holy month of Ramadhan is to wake people up in the old city of Damascus for prayers and Suhur meal." According to a Tripoli musaharati, the attributes every musaharati should possess are physical fitness and good health, "because he is required to walk long distances every day. He should also have a loud voice and good lungs, as well as an ability to read poems. A musaharati should supplicate God throughout the night to wake the sleepers."
The tradition is practiced in Egypt, Syria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Palestine. However, there has been a gradual disappearance of the musaharati due to several factors, including: Muslims staying up later; using technology such as alarm clocks to wake for suhur; and louder and larger homes and cities that make the voice of the musaharati harder to hear. However, the old Dhakaiya tradition of singing qasidas can still be found in the streets of Old Dhaka in Bangladesh.
In Indonesia, a kentongan is used to wake households up to eat the suhur meal.

## Significance of Suhur

Suhur is a key significant act during fasting, it is considered a recommended act by the prophet may peace and blessings of Allah be with him. This made the Sahur not just eating as a means of sustenance, but also as an act of worship.
# Patching

Patching is a small village and civil parish that lies amid the fields and woods of the southern slopes of the South Downs in the National Park in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It has a visible hill-workings history going back to before the Domesday survey of 1086–7. It is centred four miles (6.4 km) to the east of Arundel and quarter of a mile from Clapham, to the north of the A27 road. The civil parish covers an area of 846.12 hectares (2,090.8 acres).
In the centre of the village is the 13th century Church of St John the Divine, restored in 1888. Above the village on the South Downs are groups of Neolithic flint mines, represented by slight hollows and mounds.
Michelgrove Park, once the site of a great house where Sir William Shelley entertained Henry VIII and later home of the Shelley Baronets, is in the north of the parish. It is crossed by the Monarch's Way long-distance footpath marking the supposed route of Charles II's flight to France in 1651.
# Thalfang am Erbeskopf

Thalfang am Erbeskopf is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Bernkastel-Wittlich, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat of administration is in Thalfang.
The Verbandsgemeinde Thalfang am Erbeskopf consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
| Berglicht Breit Büdlich Burtscheid Deuselbach Dhronecken Etgert Gielert Gräfendhron Heidenburg Hilscheid | Horath Immert Lückenburg Malborn Merschbach Neunkirchen Rorodt Schönberg Talling Thalfang |
* This Bernkastel-Wittlich location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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49°45′21″N 6°59′48″E﻿ / ﻿49.75583°N 6.99667°E﻿ / 49.75583; 6.99667
# Sevatha Ponnu

Sevatha Ponnu (transl. Fair-skinned girl) is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language drama film, directed by A. Chandrakumar in his debut. The film stars Saravanan, Ahana and Vasu Vikram, while Vadivelu, S. S. Chandran, Srividya, Vennira Aadai Moorthy and Shanmugasundaram play supporting roles. It was released on 16 June 1994.

## Plot

The film revolves around three people: Chellappa, Saroja and Sudalamani. Chellappa is a smart college student from a poor family who lives with his widow mother Thangamma. Saroja is the daughter of the village chief and arrogant Rasathi. Sudalamani is Saroja's relative and a womanizer who teases the village girls. He wants to marry Saroja to gain her property. One day, Chellappa beats up Sudalamani, and they land at Saroja's house. At the village court, Chellappa remains silent. Saroja, irritated by his reaction, gets him suspended from the college. She later learns that Chellappa saved a blind girl from the pervert Sudalamani, but Chellappa remains silent at the village court to protect the blind girl's privacy.
Later, Saroja wrongly accuses Chellappa of kidnapping her and holding her for a day. Chellappa accepts the blame and he says that he did much worse. The villagers advise Saroja to marry Chellappa. The shrewish Rasathi refuses and tries to find a bribe for her daughter, but nobody wanted to marry an unchaste woman. Only Sudalamani accepts for marriage, and they arrange their wedding. The day before their wedding, the villagers force Chellappa to marry Saroja. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

* Saravanan as Chellappa
* Ahana as Saroja
* Vasu Vikram as Sudalamani
* Vadivelu
* S. S. Chandran
* Srividya as Rasathi
* Vennira Aadai Moorthy as Gnanadesikan
* Shanmugasundaram
* Ennatha Kannaiya
* Idichapuli Selvaraj
* Premi as Sudalamani's mother
* Vaani as Thangamma
* Pasi Narayanan as Madusamy
* Thideer Kannaiah as Punniyakodi
* Kumarimuthu
* Thayir Vadai Desikan as Poosari
* R. K. as Sudalamani's friend
* Vellai Subbaiah as Marriage broker
* Ennathe Kannaiah
* Joker Thulasi
* Bayilvan Ranganathan
* M. L. A. Thangaraj
* S. Sambar
* Pavithra
* Shobana
* Ramanujam
* Marthandan

## Production

Chandrakumar who earlier assisted Balu Anand made his directorial debut with this film after his supposed debut Surya Namaskaram got shelved.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Deva, with lyrics written by Vaali.
| Song | Singer(s) | Duration |
| "Chittirayil Thirumanam" | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Uma Ramanan | 4:31 |
| "Colour Colour Kuruvigal" | Mano, Swarnalatha | 4:52 |
| "Thodalama Koodathaa" | Krishnaraj, S. Janaki | 4:24 |
| "Vadakku Kathu Veesa" | S. Janaki, Mano | 5:14 |
| "Vatta Pottu Vacha Kiliye" | Mano, Swarnalatha | 5:14 |

## Reception

Malini Mannath of The Indian Express wrote, "the handling of the script is not all that bad, and the director has managed to keep a steady pace throughout". The film did not do well at box-office.
# Zell (Verbandsgemeinde)

Zell is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Cochem-Zell, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Zell.
The Verbandsgemeinde Zell consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
| Alf Altlay Altstrimmig Blankenrath Briedel Bullay Forst (Hunsrück) Grenderich Haserich Hesweiler Liesenich Mittelstrimmig | Moritzheim Neef Panzweiler Peterswald-Löffelscheid Pünderich Reidenhausen Sankt Aldegund Schauren Sosberg Tellig Walhausen Zell (Mosel) |
* This Rhineland-Palatinate location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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50°01′34″N 7°11′02″E﻿ / ﻿50.026°N 7.184°E﻿ / 50.026; 7.184
# Wörrstadt (Verbandsgemeinde)

Wörrstadt is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Alzey-Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Wörrstadt.
The Verbandsgemeinde Wörrstadt consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
* Armsheim
* Ensheim
* Gabsheim
* Gau-Weinheim
* Partenheim
* Saulheim
* Schornsheim
* Spiesheim
* Sulzheim
* Udenheim
* Vendersheim
* Wallertheim
* Wörrstadt
49°50′35″N 8°06′58″E﻿ / ﻿49.843°N 8.116°E﻿ / 49.843; 8.116
* This Alzey-Worms location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Mow Cop Castle

Mow Cop Castle is a folly at Mow Cop in the civil parish of Odd Rode, Cheshire, England. It is designated as a Grade II listed building on the National Heritage List for England. The ridge, upon which the castle sits, forms the boundary between the counties of Cheshire and Staffordshire, the dioceses of Chester and Lichfield and the ecclesiastical provinces of Canterbury and York.

## History

Built by Randle Wilbraham in 1754 as a folly (a decorative structure), it was designed to resemble medieval ruins. Wilbraham of nearby Rode Hall constructed the elaborate summerhouse and circular tower to look like medieval fortress ruins from the start, so its current state aligns with its intended aesthetic.
The area around the castle was nationally famous for the quarrying of high-quality millstones ('querns') for use in water mills. Excavations at Mow Cop have found querns dating back to the Iron Age. Traces of a prehistoric camp have also been found here.
The Castle was given to the National Trust in 1937. That same year over ten thousand Methodists met on the hill to commemorate the first Primitive Methodist camp which met there in 1807.
At the turn of the millennium, on New Year's Eve 1999, Mow Cop was a location for one of the hundreds of flaming beacons across the UK that were lit to welcome the new century.
Though visitors were originally allowed inside the tower of the folly, access is now prevented by a locked metal gate, which still allows views inside the folly.
Mow Cop and its folly are central images in Alan Garner's novel Red Shift.
Mow Cop and its folly are pivotal locations in Richard Hayden's series, "The Book Of Imaginari".