# Dynasties of ancient Egypt

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt :
All years are BC :
Predynastic Protodynastic 0 c. 3300–3150 :
Early Dynastic First Dynasty I c. 3150–2890 Second Dynasty II 2890–2686 :
Old Kingdom Third Dynasty III 2686–2613 Fourth Dynasty IV 2613–2498 Fifth Dynasty V 2498–2345 Sixth Dynasty VI 2345–2181 :
First Intermediate Seventh Dynasty VII spurious Eighth Dynasty VIII 2181–2160 Ninth Dynasty IX 2160–2130 Tenth Dynasty X 2130–2040 Early Eleventh Dynasty XI 2134–2061 :
Middle Kingdom Late Eleventh Dynasty XI 2061–1991 Twelfth Dynasty XII 1991–1803 Thirteenth Dynasty XIII 1803–1649 :
Second Intermediate Fourteenth Dynasty XIV 1705–1690 Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos) XV 1674–1535 Sixteenth Dynasty XVI 1660–1600 Abydos Dynasty 1650–1600 Seventeenth Dynasty XVII 1580–1549 :
New Kingdom Eighteenth Dynasty XVIII 1549–1292 Nineteenth Dynasty XIX 1292–1189 Twentieth Dynasty XX 1189–1077 :
Third Intermediate Twenty-first Dynasty XXI 1069–945 Twenty-second Dynasty XXII 945–720 Twenty-third Dynasty XXIII 837–728 Twenty-fourth Dynasty XXIV 732–720 Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian) XXV 732–653 :
Late Period Twenty-sixth Dynasty XXVI 672–525 Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period) XXVII 525–404 Twenty-eighth Dynasty XXVIII 404–398 Twenty-ninth Dynasty XXIX 398–380 Thirtieth Dynasty XXX 380–343 Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period) XXXI 343–332 :
Hellenistic Egypt Thirty-second Dynasty XXXII 332–305 Thirty-third Dynasty XXXIII 305–30 :
Roman Egypt Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs) XXXIV 30 BC – 313 AD :
Byzantine Egypt Thirty-fifth Dynasty (speculated) XXXV 379 AD – 641 AD :
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt :
vte :
In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".
The first 30 divisions come from the 3rd century BC Egyptian priest Manetho, whose history Aegyptaiaca was probably written for a Greek-speaking Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt but survives only in fragments and summaries. The names of the last two, the short-lived Persian-ruled 31st Dynasty and the longer-lasting Ptolemaic Dynasty, are later coinings.
While widely used and useful, the system does have its shortcomings. Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. The 7th might not have existed at all, the 10th seems to be a continuation of the 9th, and there might have been one or several Upper Egyptian Dynasties before what is termed the 1st Dynasty.

## List of dynasties in ancient Egyptian history

| Dynasty | Seat | Period of rule | Period of rule | Period of rule | Rulers | Rulers | Rulers |
| Dynasty | Seat | Start | End | Term | First to rule | Last to rule | List / Family tree |
| Early Dynastic Period ||||||||
| Dynasty I | Thinis | 3150 BC | 2900 BC | 250 years | Narmer | Qa'a | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty II | Thinis | 2880 BC | 2686 BC | 204 years | Hotepsekhemwy | Khasekhemwy | (list) |
| Old Kingdom ||||||||
| Dynasty III | Memphis | 2687 BC | 2613 BC | 73 years | Djoser | Huni | (list) |
| Dynasty IV | Memphis | 2613 BC | 2494 BC | 112 years | Sneferu | Shepseskaf or Thamphthis | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty V | Memphis | 2494 BC | 2345 BC | 149 years | Userkaf | Unas | (list) |
| Dynasty VI | Memphis | 2345 BC | 2181 BC | 164 years | Teti | Merenre Nemtyemsaf II or Netjerkare Siptah or Nitocris | (list) |
| First Intermediate Period ||||||||
| Dynasty VII | Memphis$^{:396}$ | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | (list) |
| Dynasty VIII | Memphis$^{:396}$ | 2181 BC | 2160 BC | 21 years | Netjerkare Siptah or Menkare | Neferirkare II | (list) |
| Dynasty IX | Heracleopolis Magna | 2160 BC | 2130 BC | 30 years | Meryibre Khety | Unknown | (list) |
| Dynasty X | Heracleopolis Magna | 2130 BC | 2040 BC | 90 years | Meryhathor | Unknown | (list) |
| Middle Kingdom ||||||||
| Dynasty XI | Thebes | 2130 BC | 1991 BC | 139 years | Intef | Mentuhotep IV | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XII | Itjtawy | 1991 BC | 1802 BC | 189 years | Amenemhat I | Sobekneferu | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XIII | Itjtawy | 1803 BC | 1649 BC | 154 years | Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep | Unknown | (list) |
| Second Intermediate Period ||||||||
| Dynasty XIV | Avaris | 1725 BC | 1650 BC | 75 years | Yakbim Sekhaenre | Unknown | (list) |
| Dynasty XV (Hyksos) | Avaris | 1650 BC | 1550 BC | 100 years | Salitis | Khamudi | (list) |
| Abydos dynasty | Abydos | 1650 BC | 1600 BC | 50 years | Unknown | Unknown | (list) |
| Dynasty XVI | Thebes or Avaris | 1649 BC | 1582 BC | 67 years | Anat-her | Unknown | (list) |
| Dynasty XVII | Thebes | 1580 BC | 1550 BC | 30 years | Rahotep | Kamose | (list) |
| New Kingdom ||||||||
| Dynasty XVIII | Thebes and Amarna | 1550 BC | 1292 BC | 258 years | Ahmose I | Horemheb | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XIX | Thebes and Memphis and Pi-Ramesses | 1292 BC | 1189 BC | 103 years | Ramesses I | Twosret | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XX | Pi-Ramesses | 1189 BC | 1077 BC | 112 years | Setnakhte | Ramesses XI | (list)(tree) |
| Third Intermediate Period ||||||||
| Dynasty XXI | Tanis | 1069 BC | 943 BC | 126 years | Smendes | Psusennes II | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXII (Meshwesh) | Tanis and Bubastis | 943 BC | 720 BC | 223 years | Shoshenq I | Osorkon IV | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXIII (Meshwesh) | Heracleopolis Magna or Hermopolis or Thebes | 837 BC | 728 BC | 109 years | Harsiese A | Rudamun | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXIV | Sais | 732 BC | 720 BC | 12 years | Tefnakht | Bakenranef | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXV (Nubian) | Memphis and Napata | 744 BC | 656 BC | 88 years | Piye | Tantamani | (list)(tree) |
| Late Period ||||||||
| Dynasty XXVI | Sais | 664 BC | 525 BC | 139 years | Psamtik I | Psamtik III | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXVII (Persian) | Babylon | 525 BC | 404 BC | 121 years | Cambyses II | Darius II | (list)(tree) |
| Dynasty XXVIII | Sais | 404 BC | 398 BC | 6 years | Amyrtaeus | Amyrtaeus | (list) |
| Dynasty XXIX | Mendes | 398 BC | 380 BC | 18 years | Nepherites I | Nepherites II | (list) |
| Dynasty XXX | Sebennytos | 380 BC | 343 BC | 37 years | Nectanebo I | Nectanebo II | (list) |
| Dynasty XXXI (Persian) | Babylon | 343 BC | 332 BC | 11 years | Artaxerxes III | Darius III | (list)(tree) |
| Greco–Roman Period ||||||||
| Argead dynasty (Greek) | Pella | 332 BC | 309 BC | 23 years | Alexander III of Macedon | Alexander IV of Macedon | (list)(tree) |
| Ptolemaic dynasty (Greek) | Alexandria | 305 BC | 30 BC | 275 years | Ptolemy I Soter | Caesarion | (list)(tree) |
| Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. (see Roman Egypt, Roman pharaoh and List of Roman dynasties) ||||||||