OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Izvestia

Izvestia (Russian: Известия, IPA:, "The News") is a daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia. Founded in February 1917, Izvestia, which covered foreign relations, was the organ of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, disseminating official state propaganda. It is now described as a "national newspaper" of Russia.
The frvgvrgvrgbtybhtm word izvestiya in Russian means "bring news" or "tidings", "herald" (an official messenger bringing news), derived from the verb izveshchat ("to inform", "to notify").

## History
### 1917–1991

During the Soviet period, while Pravda served as the official mouthpiece of the Communist Party, Izvestia expressed the official views of the Soviet government as published by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its full name was Izvestija Sovjetov Narodnyh Djeputatov SSSR (in Russian, Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР, the Reports of Soviets of Peoples' Deputies of the USSR).
The Izvestia Trophy ice hockey tournament was named after the newspaper between 1969 and 1996.
Nedelya was the weekend supplement of Izvestia.

### 1992–present

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Izvestia now describes itself as a "national newspaper" of Russia. The newspaper was owned by a vast holding company of Vladimir Potanin which had close ties with the government. A controlling stake in Izvestia was purchased by state-owned Gazprom on 3 June 2005, and included in the Gazprom Media holding. According to the allegations of the Committee to Protect Journalists, Raf Shakirov, editor-in-chief of Izvestia, was forced to resign because the government officials did not like the paper's coverage of the Beslan school hostage crisis. Other sources informed that Potanin had asked him to leave for fear the Kremlin would be riled by the explicit photographs of the massacre published by Izvestia. As of 2005, the circulation of Izvestia was 240,967. Its 2007 circulation certified by TNS Gallup Media was 371,000 copies. Until his death on 1 October 2008, the chief artist was Boris Yefimov, the centenarian illustrator who had worked as Joseph Stalin's political cartoonist.
In 2008, Gazprom Media sold Izvestia to National Media Group.
In May 2024, the European Union accused the newspaper of spreading propaganda and placed it on its sanctions list.
# Adamov (České Budějovice District)

Adamov (German: Adamstadt) is a municipality and village in České Budějovice District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

## Etymology

The initial name of the settlement was Ungnadovské Hory, meaning "Ungnad's mountains". It was named after the nobleman Ondřej Ungnad of Sunek, who owned the estate. The current name Adamov (meaning "Adam's") was given in honor of Adam Ungnad, who arranged for the promotion to mining town.

## Geography

Adamov is located about 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of České Budějovice. It is urbanistically fused with Rudolfov in the south and Hůry in the north. The municipality lies in the Třeboň Basin. The highest point is at 579 m (1,900 ft) above sea level.

## History

Adamov was initially a mining community, founded in 1547–1550. It was founded within the Hluboká estate, probably in the area of ​​the extinct medieval village of Příhořany, first mentioned in 1378. There were silver and lead ore mines near the town. In 1595, the settlement was promoted to mining town by Emperor Rudolf II.

## Demographics

| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1869 | 637 | — |
| 1880 | 682 | +7.1% |
| 1890 | 707 | +3.7% |
| 1900 | 650 | −8.1% |
| 1910 | 735 | +13.1% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1921 | 650 | −11.6% |
| 1930 | 632 | −2.8% |
| 1950 | 437 | −30.9% |
| 1961 | 441 | +0.9% |
| 1970 | 406 | −7.9% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1980 | 387 | −4.7% |
| 1991 | 489 | +26.4% |
| 2001 | 515 | +5.3% |
| 2011 | 627 | +21.7% |
| 2021 | 997 | +59.0% |
Source: Censuses :

## Transport

The I/34 road (the section from České Budějovice to Jindřichův Hradec, part of the European route E551 and shortly also part of the European route E49) passes north of the village.

## Sights

The main landmark of Adamov is the former town hall. The building dates probably from the 16th century. Today is has a façade in the Neoclassical style.

## Notable people

* Jan W. Speerger (1896–1950), actor and film director
# Leo Prantner

Leo Prantner (born 24 November 2001 in Meran, Italy) is an Italian handball player for Füchse Berlin and the Italian national team.
# Tutekohi Rangi

Tūtekohi Rangi (1871–1956) was a New Zealand Māori tohunga and faith healer. He identified with the Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti iwi. He was born in Mangatuna, East Coast, New Zealand in about 1871. He held religious meetings at various places in the Wairoa district of Hawke's Bay and in Tikitiki. He died at his home in Wairoa on 21 February 1956.
# Sheldon Weinig

Sheldon Weinig born in 1928, Brooklyn, New York City, is an American businessman who studied at Columbia University where he received his Masters and doctorate. During his studies he also was an instructor at the University.From 1955 - 57 he was a Professor at New York University. In 1957, he founded Materials Research Corporation (MRC),which shortly became a global public Company that manufactured the specialized semiconductor materials and equipment for making Electronic chips.
Weinig attended Stuyvesant High School from 1943 - 5, a magnet school in New York. After completing high school, he enlisted in the United States Army and received his education on the GI Bill. During the beginning years of MRC he taught at Cooper Union's night school. What he called a "paying the rent job."
MRC introduced leading-edge manufacturing equipment to the semiconductor industry. He also was innovative in employee benefits. He had a no LAYOFF policy which the company held for 25 years. It wa forced to give it up the same year IBM gave up the program. For educating his employees he introduced the "YOU PASS I PAY" policy. In 1989, MRC it was acquired by Sony. The U.S. government objected to the sale but the company needed a large infusion of capital and no American-owned company was prepared to make the investment to purchase it and keep it (and its technology) intact. Weinig remained with Sony for nearly seven years as vice chairman for engineering and manufacturing of Sony America. He retired from Sony in 1995 and became an adjunct professor at Columbia University and SUNY at Stony Brook where he taught a bridge course between academia and the industrial world. His students called it an MBA in one term.
In 2018 Weinig published a book entitled Rule Breaker - An Entrepreneur's Manifesto. He received a number of awards - some are listed below.
1980 Awarded the SEMi Award, by the Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute. 1984 Inducted into the [[National Academy of Engineering] for "the development of high purity, highly characterized materials, and technological processing equipment for electronic and metallurgical applications." 1988: Aarded the rank of Chevalier dans l’Ordre National de la Legion d’Honneur by the Government of France. 1990 Elected to the International Technology Institute’s Hall of Fame for Engineering, Science and Thnology
He also received three honorary doctorates from St. Thomas Aquinas University (law),Adelphi University (science) and the State university of New York at Stony Brook (science).
* "SEMI Oral History Interview: Sheldon Weinig, interviewed by Craig Addison". SEMI. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010.
* "Sony to Acquire New York Concern". The New York Times. Reuters. 16 August 1989.
* Dr. Sheldon Weinig (10 June 1990). "The Guys in White Hats from Sony". The New York Times.
* Andrew Pollack (10 December 1989). "The Challenge of Keeping U.S. Technology at Home". The New York Times.
* Robert C. Wood (1 September 1982). "Life Without Layoffs". Inc.
* "Shelly Weinig". Math for America. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009.
# Robin Hack

Robin Hack (German pronunciation:; born 27 August 1998) is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach.

## Club career

In June 2019, Hack signed for 1. FC Nürnberg from 1899 Hoffenheim.
After two seasons with Nürnberg, Hack transferred to Arminia Bielefeld in August 2021, signing until 2025.
On 26 June 2023, Hack signed for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach on a four-year deal. On 20 April 2024, he scored his first Bundesliga hat-trick in a 4–3 away defeat against his former club Hoffenheim.

## International career

Hack was a youth international footballer for Germany. On 10 September 2019, he scored his first career hat-trick for Germany U21 in a 5–1 away win over Wales U21 during the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 15 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | DFB-Pokal | DFB-Pokal | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | 2017–18 | Regionalliga Südwest | 17 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | 3 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | 2018–19 | Regionalliga Südwest | 9 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 1 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim II | Total | Total | 26 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26 | 4 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | 2017–18 | Bundesliga | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 5 | 1 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | 2018–19 | Bundesliga | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| 1899 Hoffenheim | Total | Total | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| Nürnberg | 2019–20 | 2. Bundesliga | 31 | 10 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 34 | 10 |
| Nürnberg | 2020–21 | 2. Bundesliga | 23 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 24 | 4 |
| Nürnberg | 2021–22 | 2. Bundesliga | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Nürnberg | Total | Total | 55 | 14 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 59 | 14 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2021–22 | Bundesliga | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 0 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | 2022–23 | 2. Bundesliga | 33 | 10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 37 | 11 |
| Arminia Bielefeld | Total | Total | 63 | 10 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 0 | 68 | 11 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 29 | 10 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 13 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 25 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 4 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | Total | Total | 54 | 14 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 59 | 17 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 201 | 43 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 218 | 47 |
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Europa League
* ↑ Appearances in UEFA Champions League
* 1 2 Appearances in relegation playoffs

## Honors

Germany U20
* Under 20 Elite League: 2017–18
Individual
* Under 20 Elite League top scorer: 2017–18
# Luis Chiriboga Izquierdo

Luis Alfonso Chiriboga Izquierdo is an Ecuadorian writer. He was born in Puerto Baquerizo on April 29, 1946.

## Career

He studied philosophy at the University of Zulia in Maracaibo, Venezuela. He went on to obtain a doctorate from the Sorbonne, and then taught philosophy at the Rafael María Baralt University in the city of Cabimas, Venezuela. He has also been a visiting professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. He has published among others: Los jardines del crepúsculo, Un sol de palabras, Poesía a la Intemperie, En busca de Octavio Paz, and La rosa de los vientos

## Works

* 1983 - Los jardines del crepúsculo (poetry)
* 2001 - Un sol de palabras (poetry)
* 2011 - Poesía a la intemperie (poetry)
* 2012 - Oficina 29 (prose)
* 2013 - En busca de Octavio Paz (essay)
* 2018 - La Rosa de los vientos (novel)
* 2019 - Grietas en la Sombra (poetry)
* 2019 - El Gurú y Otras Narraciones Insólitas (prose)
# Harold Green (American football)

Harold Green Jr. (born January 29, 1968), is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 2nd round of the 1990 NFL draft. He attended Stratford High School in Goose Creek, SC. A 6'2", 222-lb running back, he played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks, where he rushed for 2,617 yards, caught 76 passes for 661 yards, and scored 26 touchdowns in three seasons.
Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1+1⁄2 in (1.87 m) | 216 lb (98 kg) | 31+5⁄8 in (0.80 m) | 10 in (0.25 m) | 4.74 s | 1.64 s | 2.76 s | 4.25 s | 32.0 in (0.81 m) | 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) | 16 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine |||||||||||
Green played nine NFL seasons from 1990 to 1998. His best year as a pro came during the 1992 season as a member of the Bengals, 1,170 rushing yards with 41 receptions. However, in 1993 Green averaged just 2.74 yards per carry, which is the record for lowest yards per carry among running backs with more than 200 rushing attempts in a season.

## NFL career statistics

| Year | Team | GP | Att | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD |
| 1990 | CIN | 12 | 83 | 353 | 4.3 | 39 | 1 | 12 | 90 | 7.5 | 22 | 1 |
| 1991 | CIN | 14 | 158 | 731 | 4.6 | 75 | 2 | 16 | 136 | 8.5 | 18 | 0 |
| 1992 | CIN | 16 | 265 | 1,170 | 4.4 | 53 | 2 | 41 | 214 | 5.2 | 19 | 0 |
| 1993 | CIN | 15 | 215 | 589 | 2.7 | 25 | 0 | 22 | 115 | 5.2 | 16 | 0 |
| 1994 | CIN | 14 | 76 | 223 | 2.9 | 22 | 1 | 27 | 267 | 9.9 | 34 | 1 |
| 1995 | CIN | 15 | 171 | 661 | 3.9 | 23 | 2 | 27 | 182 | 6.7 | 24 | 1 |
| 1996 | STL | 16 | 127 | 523 | 4.1 | 35 | 4 | 37 | 246 | 6.6 | 19 | 1 |
| 1997 | ATL | 16 | 36 | 78 | 2.2 | 22 | 1 | 29 | 360 | 12.4 | 47 | 0 |
| 1998 | ATL | 6 | 20 | 37 | 1.9 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 34 | 17.0 | 28 | 0 |
| Career | Career | 124 | 1,151 | 4,365 | 3.8 | 75 | 13 | 213 | 1,644 | 7.7 | 47 | 4 |
# Iris Hensley

Iris Hensley (1934–2003) founded The Georgia Ballet (originally named the Cobb/Marietta Ballet) in 1960 and served as the Artistic Director until her death in August 2003. In addition to directing The Georgia Ballet and teaching at The Georgia Ballet School (The Georgia Ballet's associated ballet school), Mrs. Hensley was the former director and co-chairman for the Board for the Southern Regional Ballet Association, a member of the dance panel for the Georgia Council for the Arts, and a guest instructor for the Governor's Honors Program. She choreographed many ballets throughout her lifetime for both her company dancers and her ballet students. Iris Hensley's The Nutcracker is still performed every December by The Georgia Ballet, which is currently directed by Gina Hyatt Mazon,a former principal dancer with John Neumeir's Hamburg ballet. Iris Hensley is the mother of Shuler Hensley who performs on Broadway and tours professionally. The Georgia High School Musical Theatre Awards, part of the National High School Musical Theatre Awards – The Jimmy Nederlander Awards, are named in Shuler Hensley's honor.[12]

## Choreography

* The Nutcracker
* Gershwin Concerto
* Dancing with Denver
* The Nightingale
* Carnival of the Animals
* I Never Saw Another Butterfly performed in 1977 throughout the Abruzzi Region of Italy as part of a cultural arts exchange program. Performing Members of Iris' school of ballet included Sharon Hildreth, Sheila Willis Hart (Kleiman). Other artistic choreographers on the tour included J Michael Kane. Kane choreographed selections from I Never Saw Another Butterfly as well as an original work, Somewhere in Silence, which featured Hensley's soloist dancer: Sheila Willis Hart (Kleiman). Other groups which performed on the tour were the Albany Jazz Quartet, The Atlanta Boy Choir, The Atlanta Opera Society and many other collaborative arts groups.
* The Adventures of Mary Poppins
* Five Guys Named Moe
* The Seven Last Words of Christ
* Fantasy Variations
* Scottish Suites(included authentic sword dancing).

## Awards

* Lillian Bennet Sullivan Award – for her work in inaugurating the Performing Arts package for thousands of Cobb County school children
# Nathan Ngoumou

Nathan N’Goumou Minpole (born 14 March 2000) is a French professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach.

## Club career
### Toulouse

A youth product of Toulouse, Ngoumou signed his first professional contract with his boyhood club in November 2018. He made his professional debut for Toulouse in a 2–1 Ligue 1 loss to Dijon on 24 May 2019.

### Borussia Mönchengladbach

On 30 August 2022, Ngoumou signed a five-year contract with Borussia Mönchengladbach in Germany.

## International career

Born in France, Ngoumou is of Cameroonian and Gabonese descent. On 5 February 2019, he was called up to represent the France U19s.
On 7 March 2025, Ngoumou's request to switch allegiance to Cameroon was approved by FIFA.

## Personal life

Ngoumou's is the cousin of the Cameroonian international footballer Achille Emaná, and his grandfather Clément Ebozo'o Eya'a was the second Gabonese footballer to play in the Division 1 in the 1960s. He also holds Cameroonian citizenship.

## Career statistics

    As of match played 15 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | League cup | League cup | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Toulouse II | 2017–18 | Championnat National 3 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| Toulouse II | 2018–19 | Championnat National 3 | 18 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 4 |
| Toulouse II | 2019–20 | Championnat National 3 | 14 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | 4 |
| Toulouse II | 2020–21 | Championnat National 3 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Toulouse II | Total | Total | 35 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 8 |
| Toulouse | 2018–19 | Ligue 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Toulouse | 2019–20 | Ligue 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 |
| Toulouse | 2020–21 | Ligue 2 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 0 | 16 | 3 |
| Toulouse | 2021–22 | Ligue 2 | 35 | 8 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 37 | 8 |
| Toulouse | 2022–23 | Ligue 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Toulouse | Total | Total | 47 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 59 | 11 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2022–23 | Bundesliga | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 1 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2023–24 | Bundesliga | 32 | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 36 | 6 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2024–25 | Bundesliga | 17 | 2 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 19 | 2 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | Total | Total | 69 | 8 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 76 | 9 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 151 | 26 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 170 | 28 |

### Notes

* ↑ Appearances in Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs

## Honours

Toulouse
* Ligue 2: 2021–22
Individual
* UNFP Ligue 2 Team of the Year: 2021–22
# Andrei Radu (footballer, born 1996)

Andrei Radu (Romanian pronunciation:; born 21 June 1996) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Liga II club AFC Câmpulung Muscel.

## Career
### PAS Giannina

In February 2023 he moved to PAS Giannina in Superleague Greece.

## Personal life

He is the cousin of goalkeeper Andrei Ionuț Radu.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 15 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National cup | National cup | Europe | Europe | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Dinamo II București | 2012–13 | Liga II | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | 0 |
| Dinamo București | 2012–13 | Liga I | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| Academica Argeș (loan) | 2014–15 | Liga II | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Berceni (loan) | 2015–16 | Liga II | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 29 | 1 |
| Aris Limassol | 2016–17 | Cypriot First Division | 24 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 0 |
| Aris Limassol | 2017–18 | Cypriot First Division | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| Aris Limassol | Total | Total | 45 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 47 | 0 |
| CFR Cluj | 2018–19 | Liga I | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Concordia Chiajna (loan) | 2018–19 | Liga I | 11 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 0 |
| Politehnica Iași (loan) | 2019–20 | Liga I | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 0 |
| Dinamo București | 2020–21 | Liga I | 16 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 17 | 1 |
| Dinamo București | 2021–22 | Liga I | 27 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| Dinamo București | Total | Total | 43 | 0 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 47 | 1 |
| PAS Giannina | 2022–23 | Superleague Greece | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 |
| AFC Câmpulung Muscel | 2024–25 | Liga II | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 168 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 176 | 2 |
* ↑ Includes Cupa României
* ↑ Appearances in Supercupa României

## Honours

CFR Cluj
* Supercupa României: 2018
# Handball Käerjeng

Handball Käerjeng, formerly known as HBC Bascharage is a handball club from Bascharage, Luxembourg, that plays in the Luxembourgish Handball League.

## Titles

* Sales Lentz League :
** Winners (2) : 2014; 2018
** Runner-Up (5) : 2004, 2008, 2013, 2015, 2016
* Luxembourg Handball Cup :
** Winners (1) : 2004, 2008, 2015, 2016
** Runner-Up (6) : 1998, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2014

## European record

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Aggregate |
| 2016–17 | EHF Cup | R1 | RK Vojvodina | 30–31 | 28–25 | 58–56 |
| 2016–17 | EHF Cup | R2 | S.L. Benfica | 26–31 | 30–33 | 56–64 |

## Team
### Current squad

    Squad for the 2016–17 season
# Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao

Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao (1942 – 17 March 2025), also known as Sreenivasa Rao Pemmaraju, was an Indian international lawyer that headed the Legal and Treaties Division, Ministry of External Affairs, India, and was the chief legal advisor of India on international law matters from 1985 to 2002. He was Judge Ad Hoc of International Court of Justice in the case concerning sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Pateh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (2004–2008). Rao was a member of the International Law Commission from 1987 to 2006, and a Special Rapporteur for the subject of Prevention and Liability. He was also Chairman of International Law Commission.
Rao was a special adviser in the office of the Attorney-General, State of Qatar and Visiting Professor at the Center for International Law Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He was also an honorary visiting professor at Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University, Visakhapatnam.
He was also a member of Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration tribunal (Bangladesh/India) (2010–2014).

## Background

Rao was born in Andhra Pradesh, British India in 1942. He was educated at Andhra University, Waltair, and at Yale Law School (1967–1970). He earned a Bachelor of Laws and a Master of Laws degree with specialization in international law from Andhra and also an LL.M. and J.S.D. from Yale. Professor Rao worked as a Post Doctoral Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C., and at the Marine Policy Center of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. He published Public Order of the Ocean Resources and has contributed several articles on the negotiation of the Law of the Sea Convention, 1982. Rao participated in its negotiations from 1976-1984.
Post-doctoral works:
* Fellow, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC.
* Fellow, Marine Policy Programme, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., USA.
* Research Associate, The Indian School of International Studies, Sapru House, New Delhi.
Rao died on 17 March 2025, at the age of 83.