# East Flanders

East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen ; French: Flandre-Orientale ; German: Ostflandern German pronunciation:; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Flemish province of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km$^2$ (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.

## History

During the short-lived Napoleonic Empire, most of the area of the modern province was part of the Department of Escaut, named after the River Scheldt. Following the defeat of Napoleon, the entity was renamed after its geographical location in the eastern part of the historic County of Flanders (now in the western portion of the current Flemish Region).
The provincial flag has a black lion with red tongue and claws, on a background of horizontal white and green stripes. This is a recent adaptation; formerly, East Flanders used the Flemish flag, a black lion on a yellow background, as in the current coat of arms. The old flag is still publicly used, e.g. for road signs.

## Geography

The province has several geographic or tourist regions:
* Denderstreek
* Meetjesland
* Waasland
* Flemish Ardennes
Important rivers are the Scheldt and the Leie which merge in Ghent. The Dender merges into the Scheldt in the city of Dendermonde.

### Subdivisions

East Flanders is divided into 6 administrative arrondissements (districts), subdivided into a total of 55 municipalities. In addition, there are 3 judicial and 3 electoral arrondissements.
| District | Ghent District: | Oudenaarde District: | Eeklo District: | Aalst District: | Dendermonde District: | Sint-Niklaas District: |
| Location | | | | | | |
| HASC NUTS NIS Population Area | BE.OV.GT BE234 44 553,961 944 km² | BE.OV.OD BE235 45 123,330 419 km² | BE.OV.EK BE233 43 84,113 334 km² | BE.OV.AL BE231 41 286,741 469 km² | BE.OV.DM BE232 42 199,553 343 km² | BE.OV.SN BE236 46 248,489 475 km² |
| Municipalities | Aalter Deinze Destelbergen Evergem Gavere Ghent Lievegem Lochristi Merelbeke-Melle Nazareth-De Pinte Oosterzele Sint-Martens- Latem Zulte | Brakel Horebeke Kluisbergen Kruisem Lierde Maarkedal Oudenaarde Ronse Wortegem- Petegem Zwalm | Assenede Eeklo Kaprijke Maldegem Sint-Laureins Zelzate | Aalst Denderleeuw Erpe-Mere Geraardsbergen Haaltert Herzele Lede Ninove Sint-Lievens- Houtem Zottegem | Berlare Buggenhout Dendermonde Hamme Laarne Lebbeke Waasmunster Wetteren Wichelen Zele | Beveren-Kruibeke-Zwijndrecht Lokeren Sint-Gillis- Waas Sint-Niklaas Stekene Temse |

## Demographics

The province has a population of almost 1.5 million. It had 734,000 inhabitants in 1830, when it was the most populated province of Belgium, and about a million in 1900. Population growth halted around the 1980s, but has increased again in the 21st century. Population figures in recent years is as follows:
| Year | Population |
| 1 January 1990 | 1,331,608 |
| 1 January 1995 | 1,349,382 |
| 1 January 2000 | 1,361,623 |
| 1 January 2005 | 1,380,072 |
| 1 January 2010 | 1,432,326 |
| 1 January 2015 | 1,477,346 |
| 1 January 2017 | 1,496,187 |
The capital and biggest city is Ghent, also the second largest city in the Flemish Region. Other smaller cities are Aalst, Sint-Niklaas and Dendermonde in the east of the province. The eastern part of the province, part of the Flemish Diamond, is more densely populated than the western part.

## Economy

The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 56.4 billion € in 2018. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 33,000 € or 109% of the EU27 average in the same year.

## Government

The provincial council (provincieraad) consists of 36 members which were last elected in the 2018 elections. Previously it consisted of 72 members. The council currently consists of the following political parties:
* N-VA (Flemish nationalists): 8 members
* CD&V (Christian democrats): 7 members
* Open VLD (liberals): 7 members
* sp.a (social democrats): 3 members
* Vlaams Belang (far-right nationalists): 6 members
* Groen (greens): 5 members
Four people chosen by and from the council form the daily government, called the deputation (deputatie). The deputation of East Flanders is a coalition of the N-VA, CD&V, and Groen.
The daily government is led by the governor, who is appointed by the Flemish Government. Carina Van Cauter (VLD) has been the governor of East Flanders since 1 September 2020.
The province has a yearly budget of approximately 300 million euro.

### Governors

* 1830: Pierre De Ryckere [nl]
* 1830–1834: Werner de Lamberts-Cortenbach
* 1834–1836: Charles Vilain XIIII
* 1837–1843: Louis de Schiervel
* 1843–1848: Leander Desmaisières
* 1848–1871: Edouard De Jaegher (lib.)
* 1871–1879: Emile de T'Serclaes De Wommersom
* 1879–1885: Léon Verhaeghe de Naeyer (lib.)
* 1885–1919: Raymond de Kerchove d'Exaerde
* 1919–1921: Maurice Lippens (lib.)
* 1921–1929: André de Kerchove de Denterghem (lib.)
* 1929–1935: Karel Weyler (lib.)
* 1935–1938: Jules Ingenbleek (lib.)
* 1938–1939: Louis Frederiq (lib)
* 1939–1954: Maurice Van den Boogaerde
* 1954–1963: Albert Mariën (lib.)
* 1963–1984: Roger de Kinder (BSP)
* 1984–2004: Herman Balthazar (SP.A)
* 2004-2013: André Denys (VLD)
* 2013-2018: Jan Briers (none; nominated by N-VA)
* 2018–present: Carina Van Cauter (VLD)
Timeline: