# Auckland Grammar School

Auckland Grammar School (often simplified to Auckland Grammar, or Grammar), established in 1869, is a state, day and boarding secondary school for boys in Auckland, New Zealand.
The school was originally situated on Howe Street in Freeman’s Bay, where Auckland Girls Grammar School is now located. It moved to its current site on Mountain Road in Epsom in 1916. As of 2020, it has 2606 students, making it the third largest school in New Zealand. The current headmaster, Tim O’Connor, who was appointed in 2012, received a Blake Leader Award in 2007.

## History

Auckland Grammar School was endowed in 1850 by the then Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey.
Sir George Grey, during his times as governor in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand is also affiliated with the establishment of other educational institutions such as Whanganui Collegiate School in Whanganui, New Zealand, Grey College in Bloemfontein, South Africa, and Grey High School in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Auckland Grammar was recognised as an educational establishment in 1868 through the Grammar School Appropriation Act. It officially opened in 1869 in the old Immigration Barracks site on Howe Street with 78 boys enrolled. The school was initially privately funded, as New Zealand did not have a state education system until 1877.
A growing roll caused the school to move twice in the 1870s, and in 1880, it moved to Symonds Street, where it remained for 35 years. The site today houses the University of Auckland’s School of Architecture. Due to the economic impact of the 1880s depression, girls from Girls High School joined what was by then called the Auckland College and Grammar School. In 1909, Auckland Girls Grammar School opened on the original Howe Street site, and the renamed Auckland Grammar School became an all-boys school again. In 1916, the school moved to its current location in Mountain Road, Epsom, which was opened by Governor General Arthur Foljambe the Earl of Liverpool.
Auckland Grammar School buildings contain two Category I historic places, the school's main block and a war memorial, and one Category II historic place, the former janitor's house. An obelisk located in front of the school commemorates former students who fought in various wars. The school's main block, built in 1916 in the Spanish Mission style, is used for daily assemblies and exhibitions, and it also contains classrooms on its two levels. Surrounding the main hall in which students sit for daily assemblies are the school honours boards, listing the names of the school's top scholars.
In the early 20th century, inmates from the neighbouring Mount Eden Prison worked at two stone quarries adjacent to the school and were involved in the construction of the 1916 school building itself. Early prisoners were used as labourers to quarry stone for use in road construction around Auckland, including the quarries at Maungawhau / Mount Eden and Auckland Grammar School. The flat land was redeveloped into sports fields for Auckland Grammar School.
The school owns a facility called the VentureLodge located in the township of Ohakune, in the central North Island, which is used by students for camps.
The school's motto is in Latin: Per Angusta ad Augusta, which translates to "Through difficulties to greatness". The school has also translated the motto as "Through rough ravines to hallowed heights." The origin of the motto is uncertain, but it was a common maxim at the time of the school's founding.
A documentary on the school titled Grammar Boys was aired in July 2005 on TV3.

## Architecture

The main building was constructed in 1916, designed by the architectural firm of Arnold & Abbott. It and the adjacent caretaker's residence are designed in the Spanish Mission style. Following the completion of the main building, three smaller buildings were constructed in the same style; the library block to the north, the gymnasium to the south and a toilet block adjoining the main building. The main building is listed by Heritage New Zealand as a Category I Historic Place.
In the 1950s, a large science block was constructed to the south of the main block in a modern style with metal windows. Further to the south again is a concrete block built in the early 1970s, raised on pilotis to give access to the upper playing fields. Between it and the 1920 gymnasium is a large gymnasium which was constructed in the mid-1970s and opened by then Prime Minister Robert Muldoon.
Adjacent to the Spanish Mission-style library from the 1920s is the Centennial Theatre (opened 1969) and the swimming pool. This abuts the Motorway, the construction of which, in the 1960s, removed some of the School's land to the north. Between the 1970s and 2014-2015, a complex of 'prefabs' adjacent to the Mountain Road boundary evolved, built to house the increasing roll. Following the development of a new classroom block in 2015, these have now been almost entirely removed. The loss of playing space on the upper part of the school property meant new sports fields needed to be created in two former quarries at a lower level than the original school. Each has a sports pavilion. The pavilion on the upper field was rebuilt soon after.
Between 2014 and 2015, the toilet block adjoining the main building was demolished and a new building constructed in its place for classroom use.
The school’s 150th century anniversary capital project is Te Ara Matauranga. Te Ara plans to include a new library, swimming pool and study block located in between the Centennial Theatre and the War Memorial.

## Enrolment

As of November 2024, Aucklang Grammar School has a roll of 2,699 students, of which 204 (7.6%) identify as Māori.
As of 2024, the school has an Equity Index of 385, placing it amongst schools whose students have the fewest socioeconomic barriers to achievement (roughly equivalent to deciles 9 and 10 under the former socio-economic decile system).
Historically, entry was selective to the school. The school was zoned at least since the 1960s. Since 2000, school zoning is determined by a state school enrollment scheme, which gives first preference to students living in a designated home zone, and then to brothers of current students who live outside the zone. The school argues that zoning increases house prices in the zone, reducing access to the school for students from lower socio-economic groups. Research by the Real Estate Institute of New Zealand shows there is a 30 percent premium ($257,000) on houses in-zone compared to those out of zone. In 2014, nearby One Tree Hill College and Selwyn College introduced enrolment schemes which initially planned to overlap parts of the Auckland Grammar zone. Both were forced to backtrack after opposition from parents in the overlapping areas, who feared it could ultimately lead to Auckland Grammar shrinking its zone and affecting the resale value of their homes.
Auckland Grammar's requested voluntary donation is the highest for a non-integrated state school in New Zealand. In 2014, the requested donation reached $1,050 per student per year. The school claimed the donation is high to cover the gap in government funding between it, a decile 9Q school, and the lowest decile schools (i.e. decile 1A). As a comparison, Auckland Grammar's female counterpart, Epsom Girls' Grammar School, asks for a donation of $665, despite also being decile 9Q.
International students are tested for English language proficiency and some students may be required to complete an intensive course of English language before starting at Auckland Grammar School. The international students at Auckland Grammar School paid the highest tuition fees in New Zealand state schools at more than $20,000 each year.

## Education

As a state school, Auckland Grammar School is required to follow the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC).

### Results

In 2015, 95.1 percent of students leaving Auckland Grammar held at least NCEA Level 1 or IGCSE, 91.6 percent held at least NCEA Level 2 or AS level, and 81.5 percent held at least NCEA Level 3 or A level. This is compared to 87.1%, 76.3%, and 45.8% respectively for boys nationally.
In its regular survey of Auckland’s schools, Metro in 2011 reported that Auckland Grammar’s academic results are comparable with most private schools and that it scores very well in the National Scholarship exams. In its 2016 report, the Education Review Office reported that the school continued to achieve high-education outcomes for its students. It was ranked seventh in the Crimson-QS Best New Zealand schools in 2019 for entrance into top-ranked universities.

### NCEA

The previous headmaster, John Morris, is a vocal critic of NCEA. In response to what is perceived by the school to be a poorly designed system being forced on them, the school introduced Cambridge International Examinations in 2002, offering the IGCSE, AS Level and A2 examinations to its more talented students. Other students sit NCEA exams. Students placed in an IGCSE/AS/A2 class are allowed to switch to NCEA, but this is usually discouraged by the school. However, in the ensuing years the majority of students were encouraged to take part in CIE qualifications. The introduction of New Zealand Scholarship has been viewed sceptically by the school, and it encourages only the top students to attempt it. Despite this, the school had the highest number of scholarships of any school in New Zealand in 2006. The 2008 Education Review Office (ERO) report commented the School ranks among the highest performing schools in New Zealand from the results in national and international examinations. From 2011, the school offered the CIE Form 5 programme to all students in Form 5. From 2019, the School replaced all external examinations (both Cambridge IGCSE and NCEA Level 1) for Fifth Formers with an in-house preparatory qualification, Pre-Q, set to be "more rigorous than IGCSE", in response to planned reforms to NCEA, abolishing external examinations at Level 1.

## School song

The school song was introduced in March 1955. The words were composed in 1954 by L. W. A. Crawley, senior Classics lecturer at Auckland University College (now the University of Auckland). The song consists of two verses in Latin and includes the school motto as a refrain. It is sung to the melody of the German hymn "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" ("A Mighty Fortress Is Our God").

## Administration
### Headmasters

The following individuals have served as headmaster of Auckland Grammar School:
| Period | Headmaster |
| 1869–1870 | Dr Robert Boyd Kidd |
| 1871–1882 | Farquhar Macrae |
| 1882–1892 | Charles Frederick Bourne |
| 1893–1922 | James William Tibbs CMG |
| 1922–1928 | James Drummond |
| 1928–1935 | Harold James Del Monte Mahon |
| 1935–1954 | Colin McGregor Littlejohn |
| 1954–1972 | Sir Henry Cooper CBE |
| 1973–1993 | Sir John Graham KNZM CBE |
| 1994–2012 | John Morris ONZM |
| 2012–present | Tim O'Connor B.Ed |

### Chairmen of the Board of Governors

The following individuals have served as the Chairman of the Board of Governors:
| Period | Chairman of the Board of Governors |
| 1869–1872 | John Williamson, Esq. |
| 1872–1879 | Hon. Mr. Thomas Gillies |
| 1879–1880 | Sir John Logan Campbell, MD, FRCS |
| 1880–1916 | Hon. Sir George Maurice O'Rorke, MA, LL.D. |
| 1916–1937 | Prof. Sir Algernon Thomas, KCMG, MA (Oxon), FLS, FGS, FRSNZ |
| 1937–1940 | Dr. E. Robertson, MD |
| 1940–1948 | Hon. Mr. Justice Stanton, LL.B. |
| 1948–1951 | Victor Macky, Esq., FPANZ |
| 1951–1952 | Hon. Sir Leslie Munro, KCMG, KCVO, MA, LL.M. |
| 1952–1969 | D. Sumner, Esq., JP |
| 1969 | Assoc. Prof. B.F. Harris, MA (Oxon), BA, B.Div, PhD |
| 1970–1975 | Maxwell Rae Grierson, Esq., LL.B. |
| 1975–1984 | N. Barclay Esq., FCA |
| 1984–1985 | R.V. Eades, Esq., LL.B. |
| 1985 | Prof. D.I.B. Smith, MA, PhD (Oxon) |

### Chairmen of the Board of Trustees

The following individuals have served as the Chairmen of the Auckland Grammar School Board of Trustees:
| Period | Chairman of the Board of Trustees |
| 1984–1992 | B.F. Connell, LL.B. |
| 1992–1997 | Prof. Alastair MacCormick, BS, MCom, MA, PhD |
| 1998–2009 | Dr. Robert B. Kirkpatrick, B.Eng., PhD, MIPENZ |
| 2009–2019 | A. Jeff Blackburn, BCom, LL.B. |
| 2019–present | Mark Sandelin, BA, LL.B. |

## Notable alumni
### Academia

* Norman Lowther Edson – professor
* Denis Feeney – professor
* Raymond Firth – ethnologist
* Dave Gerrard – sports administrator, sports medicine specialist, and former Olympic Games swimming representative
* Keith Hunter – ocean chemist
* Vaughan Jones – mathematician
* Hugh Kāwharu – Māori scholar
* Richard Cockburn Maclaurin – mathematical physicist, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
* Colin Maiden – mechanical engineer, university administrator and company director
* Joseph Peart – army officer and fourth Headmaster of King's College, Auckland
* John Reid – professor
* Terry Sturm – professor of English at the University of Auckland

### The arts

* Walter Armiger Bowring – portrait and landscape painter, illustrator, cartoonist and caricaturist
* Russell Crowe – actor, film producer and musician
* Gerald Garrick Cunningham – author, photographer, historian and businessman
* Les Gibbard – political cartoonist, journalist, illustrator and animator
* Max Gimblett – artist
* Charles Frederick Goldie – artist
* Zane Lowe – DJ, record producer, and television presenter
* James McNeish – novelist, playwright and biographer
* Andrew Niccol – screenwriter, producer, and director
* Graeme Revell – musician and composer
* Tony Hung – Hong Kong actor
* Campbell Thomas – theatre director and artist

### Broadcasting

* John Hawkesby – news presenter

### Business

* Uluomato'otua Aiono – entrepreneur
* John Buchanan – scientist and director
* Ron Carter – businessman
* Richard Chandler – billionaire investor
* Ernest Davis – businessman
* James Fletcher Jnr – industrialist
* Terry Jarvis – cricket player and sales representative
* Ian Narev – chief executive officer of SEEK, former managing director and chief executive officer of the Commonwealth Bank

### Literature

* A. R. D. Fairburn – poet
* R. A. K. Mason – poet
* John Mulgan – writer, journalist and editor

### Military

* Cyril Bassett – Victoria Cross Recipient
* Ray Hanna – fighter pilot
* Leslie Potter – WW2 Commander

### Public service

* Alfred E. Allen – politician
* David Baragwanath – lawyer and jurist
* Thomas Bavin – 24th Premier of New South Wales
* Francis Bell – lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand
* Wayne Brown – politician and Mayor of Auckland
* Edward Caradus – analytical chemist, educator and administrator
* Jonathan Coleman – politician
* Roger Douglas – politician and 35th Minister of Finance
* Israel Goldstine – politician, businessman, barrister and solicitor
* Doug Graham – politician
* Eric Halstead – politician
* Kenneth Hayr – senior Royal Air Force commander
* Jonathan Hunt – politician and 26th Speaker of the House of Representatives
* Kenneth Keith – judge
* George Laking – diplomat
* Sam Lotu-Iiga – Member of Parliament
* David Seymour – politician, Member of Parliament
* Gaurav Sharma – politician, Member of Parliament
* Douglas Maclean – farmer and Member of Parliament
* Duncan McMullin – jurist
* Leslie Munro – lawyer, journalist, and politician
* Avery Ng – Hong Kong politician and social activist
* Lockwood Smith – politician, diplomat and 28th Speaker of the House of Representatives
* Graham Speight – High Court judge
* Bob Tizard – 6th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand

### Science

* Raoul Franklin – physicist
* Peter Gluckman – scientist
* Matthew Hunter – metallurgist and inventor of the Hunter process
* Graham Liggins – medical scientist

### Sport

As of 2015, Auckland Grammar has produced the most All Blacks out of any New Zealand school; it has a total of over 50 former All Blacks.
* Ben Atiga – All Blacks player
* Ces Badeley – All Blacks player
* Vic Badeley – All Blacks player
* Mark Burgess – cricketer
* Hamish Carter – triathlete
* Jeff Crowe – cricketer
* Martin Crowe – cricketer
* John Drake – All Blacks player
* Lockie Ferguson – cricketer
* Eliota Fuimaono-Sapolu – Samoan rugby union player
* Grant Fox – All Blacks player
* Aaron Gate – racing cyclist
* Edmund Hillary – mountaineer, explorer, and philanthropist
* Doug Howlett – rugby union player
* Konrad Hurrell – rugby league player
* Akira Ioane – All Blacks player
* Rieko Ioane – All Blacks player
* Kyle Jamieson – Cricketer
* Colin Latimour – New Zealand footballer
* Cameron Mather – Scottish rugby player
* John (Joe) Mills – All Blacks player
* James Neesham – cricketer
* Dion Nash – cricketer
* Matthew Ridge – television presenter, and former rugby union and rugby league player
* Tom Schnackenberg – sailor and yacht designer
* Omar Slaimankhel – rugby league player
* Benson Stanley – All Blacks player
* Jeremy Stanley – All Blacks player
* Winston Stanley – Manu Samoa rugby player
* Kel Tremain – All Blacks player
* Sam Webster – track cyclist
* Alan Whetton – All Blacks player
* Gary Whetton – All Blacks player
* Wilson Whineray – All Blacks player

## Notable staff

* Ian Billcliff – cricketer, master
* Henry Cooper – educator, 8th headmaster
* John Graham – former rugby union player, educator, 9th headmaster
* Duncan Grant – former rower, former mathematics teacher
* Graham Henry – former master and rugby coach of Auckland, Wales, British and Irish Lions and All Blacks
* John Henry Howell – educator
* John Morris – former footballer, educator, 10th headmaster
* Willie Rickards – former rugby union coach, former rugby union player, master
* Lindsay Tait – former professional basketball player, director of basketball, head coach of premier basketball
* James Tibbs – educator, 4th headmaster