# Lim Chong Eu

Lim Chong Eu (simplified Chinese: 林苍祐; traditional Chinese: 林蒼祐; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lîm Chhong-iū; pinyin: Lín Cāngyòu; 28 May 1919 – 24 November 2010) was a Malaysian politician who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of Penang from May 1969 to October 1990 and the longest serving Chief Minister of Penang. He was also the founding president of Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN). He is also known as the "Architect of Modern Penang."

## Early life

Lim was born in 1919 in Penang. He was the older brother of Lim Chong Keat, the architect and botanist. He attended school at the Penang Free School, where he was the King's Scholar in 1937. He later obtained a degree in medicine and surgery from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland in 1944.

## Political career

In 1951, he was appointed to the Penang Local Council and in 1955, was appointed a member of the Federal Legislature.
In the March 1958 Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) party elections, he challenged Tun Tan Cheng Lock and won the presidency with a majority of 22 votes.
During the one-year period when the MCA was under Lim, the party came under tremendous pressure from within and outside. After his victory, he called an extraordinary general meeting to amend the Constitution to consolidate the power of the Central Committee. This was met with strong resistance by Tun Tan Siew Sin and his supporters. Although the proposal was passed with a single-vote majority, the move left the party divided.
At the same time, the MCA under Lim also had severe political differences with Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman. The crisis worsened on the eve of the 1959 general elections when Lim demanded 40 parliamentary seats and also wanted to make Chinese an official language. Tunku Abdul Rahman increased the seats allocated to MCA from 28 to 31 but this was rejected and their relationship worsened.
Tunku Abdul Rahman rejected Lim's demands, prompting Lim to resign as president of MCA and he left for England for a vacation. Cheah Toon Lock then became the Acting President of MCA. Lim returned to Malaya after a few years and formed the United Democratic Party, in 1962. Lim was elected as the Penang branch chairman of the party in 1964.
He was one of the founding members of the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN) before the 1969 General Election. The formation of GERAKAN threw the Chinese Malaysian aggregate into a dilemma, weakened their political strength and eroded the political representation of the MCA as the only party for the Chinese community. GERAKAN joined the ruling Barisan Nasional after winning the Penang State Government in 1969.

### Chief Minister of Penang

Lim served as Chief Minister of Penang from 1969 to 1990. The iconic projects that emerged during Lim's rule included the 66-storey tall Komtar, and the 13.5 km long Penang Bridge. When it was topped-off, Komtar was for some time the tallest building in Asia, and the Penang Bridge one of the longest in the world. Lim is best known for overseeing the emergence of Penang's Free Trade Zone (FTZ) – later renamed Free Industrial Zone – which evolved into one of Asia's most powerful electronics hubs.
In the Malaysian General Elections of October 1990, a crisis occurred when Lim, serving as the chief minister, lost his state seat and GERAKAN had fewer seats than UMNO in the Penang State Assembly. A crisis was averted when Lim Keng Yaik, the then president of GERAKAN, was able to convince Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad to allow an ethnic Chinese to continue on in the role of the Chief Minister.

## Retirement and death

Lim had retired from politics and was concentrating on business. He was at the time chairman and advisor for several large corporations. In 2007, Lim was named founding chancellor of Wawasan Open University.
In late October 2010, he was admitted to the Penang Hospital after suffering a stroke. He later died on Wednesday, 24 November 2010 at his home in Hillside, Tanjung Bungah at about 9 pm. On Thursday, 25 November 2010, he was given a state funeral. The Penang state flag was flown at half-mast from 25 to 28 November for 4 days as a mark of respect. His body was later cremated at the Batu Gantung Crematorium on Sunday, 28 November 2010.

## Election results

Parliament of Malaysia :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1964 | P036 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 12,928 | 45.37% | Tan Phock Kin (SF) | 8,516 | 29.89% | 29,165 | 4,412 | 83.90% |
| 1964 | P036 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 12,928 | 45.37% | David Choong Ewe Leong (MCA) | 6,271 | 22.01% | 29,165 | 4,412 | 83.90% |
| 1964 | P036 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 12,928 | 45.37% | Tan Chong Bee (PAP) | 778 | 2.73% | 29,165 | 4,412 | 83.90% |
| 1969 | P036 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 19,656 | 78.85% | Chua Teng Siew (MCA) | 4,496 | 18.04% | 25,999 | 15,160 | 77.04% |
| 1969 | P036 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 19,656 | 78.85% | Khoo Yat See (PPP) | 775 | 3.11% | 25,999 | 15,160 | 77.04% |
| 1974 | P042 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 15,409 | 45.99% | Yeap Ghim Guan (DAP) | 13,969 | 41.69% | 34,312 | 1,440 | 73.44% |
| 1974 | P042 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 15,409 | 45.99% | Tan Phock Kin (PEKEMAS) | 2,508 | 7.48% | 34,312 | 1,440 | 73.44% |
| 1974 | P042 Tanjong | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 15,409 | 45.99% | Lee Kok Liang (PRM) | 1,622 | 4.84% | 34,312 | 1,440 | 73.44% |
Penang State Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout |
| 1964 | N16 Kota | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 4,065 | 44.63% | Tan Puah Kim (LPM) | 2,937 | 32.17% | 9,317 | 1,128 | 81.91% |
| 1964 | N16 Kota | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 4,065 | 44.63% | Liang Juen Chew (MCA) | 1,962 | 21.49% | 9,317 | 1,128 | 81.91% |
| 1964 | N16 Kota | Lim Chong Eu (UDP) | 4,065 | 44.63% | Lim Ewe Hock (PAP) | 165 | 1.81% | 9,317 | 1,128 | 81.91% |
| 1969 | N16 Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 6,308 | 78.72% | Khaw Kok Chwee (MCA) | 1,443 | 18.01% | 8,246 | 4,865 | 74.58% |
| 1969 | N16 Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 6,308 | 78.72% | Khoo Yat See (PPP) | 262 | 3.27% | 8,246 | 4,865 | 74.58% |
| 1974 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 5,543 | 54.95% | Khoo Soo Giap (DAP) | 3,303 | 32.74% | 10,385 | 2,240 | 78.81% |
| 1974 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 5,543 | 54.95% | Tan Phock Kin (PEKEMAS) | 936 | 9.28% | 10,385 | 2,240 | 78.81% |
| 1974 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 5,543 | 54.95% | Lee Kok Liang (PSRM) | 306 | 3.03% | 10,385 | 2,240 | 78.81% |
| 1978 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | | | | | | | | |
| 1982 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 9,151 | 75.87% | Lee Po Cheang (DAP) | 2,910 | 24.13% | 12,330 | 6,241 | 73.51% |
| 1986 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 6,426 | 55.69% | Wong Hang Yoke (DAP) | 5,113 | 44.31% | 11,830 | 1,313 | 69.69% |
| 1990 | N22 Padang Kota | Lim Chong Eu (Gerakan) | 5,611 | 47.04% | Lim Kit Siang (DAP) | 6,317 | 52.96% | 12,221 | 706 | 72.14% |

## Honours
### Honours of Malaysia

* Malaysia:
** Recipient of the Malaysian Commemorative Medal (Silver) (PPM) (1965)
** Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (SSM) – Tun (1991)
* Penang:
** Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DUPN) – Dato' Seri Utama (1989)
* Sarawak:
** Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DA) – Datuk Amar (1996)

### Places named after him

The 17.84 km Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway (Federal Route 3113) comprising Jelutong Expressway and Bayan Lepas Expressway was renamed after him on 7 December 2010.
Other memorials included the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Building, the headquarters of the Penang Development Corporation (PDC), located at Bayan Lepas, George Town.
Wawasan Open University's library is named Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Library as a commemoration of his significant contribution as Penang's Chief Minister and the university's inaugural Chancellor.