OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hydraulic warfare

Hydraulic warfare (HW) is the use of water from reservoirs, rivers, canals and other waterbodies as a mass destruction/area denial weapon against the operations of an opposing force during a military conflict. This may involve breaching dams and rerouting watercourses to flood and drown the enemy-held regions of the battlefield, and can be used as a measure of area denial to impede the advance of an attacking ground force, or to reduce the logistic resources and tactical options for fortified defenders. The technique has been used throughout history to create "devastating floods, isolate troops, cut off supply lines, hinder river crossings, and disrupt military timetables".

## History

Between the years 1500 and 2000, some 1/3 of floods in the Netherlands southwest were deliberately caused during wartime. The tactic was typically ineffective, and had damaged the land and local population.
In 1938, China breached the dikes of the Yellow River to slow the advance of Japanese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The flood became known as the largest such act in history.
HW was used by Finland and the USSR during World War II. British forces destroyed the Moehne and Edersee Dams in Western Germany to cut off the supply of water, power, river navigation, and flood protection to the Nazi regime. The breach of the Moehne dam unleashed a flood of 310,000 cfs, costing 1,200 lives. Bridges were washed out for 30 miles below the dam, and two power plants were submerged. The destruction of the Edersse dam produced similar flows and damaged infrastructure all the way to the Mittelland canal. Navigation was also disrupted as no water was available to stabilize the level of water in the river. Germany struck again by flooding the Pontine marshes in Italy, slowing the advance of Allied forces. Germany also flooded the Ay and Ill rivers in France and the Rur river in Germany.
German forces flooded the Liri, Garigliano, and Rapido Rivers in Italy in early 1944. The Garigliano flood disrupted a British crossing, with knock-on effects on the Battle of Monte Cassino. Conversely, the Germans dammed up the Rapido river below an attempted crossing, creating a quagmire and delaying the operation.
The term originated in the 1950s, with the US Army Corps of Engineers.
In 2022 and 2023, the appearance of flooded areas indicated the use of HW during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Inter-Con Security

Inter-Con Security Systems, Inc. is a US-based multinational security services company headquartered in Pasadena, California. Inter-Con is one of the largest private security companies in the world with over 15,000 employees across North America, South America and Africa. The company offers security personnel and management, executive protection programs, risk assessments, tactical exercise plans and programs, emergency medical services, classified information safeguarding and investigations.

## History

Inter-Con Security Systems, Inc. (Inter-Con) was founded in 1973 with the goal of developing and implementing comprehensive security programs custom tailored to its clients' needs. Retired Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Enrique "Hank" Hernandez and his wife Bertha Hernandez founded Inter-Con in Alhambra, California in 1973. Since 1986, his son, Enrique Hernandez, Jr., has been president and Chief Executive Officer. It remains a privately owned company.
The company's first customer was the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to implement a security program incorporating a variety of security disciplines in a classified environment. This critically different starting place, and the sophisticated security efforts which followed, have shaped Inter-Con's growth and organizational development.
In March 2025, the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) cancelled a contract with Inter-Con amidst a dispute with the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). USIP was concerned that Inter-Con would allow DOGE members access to the USIP headquarters, as Inter-Con's federal contracts could be leveraged to force their cooperation with DOGE. Inter-Con security staff entered the headquarters after their contract was cancelled to help DOGE members access the building.

## Operations

Inter-Con's security services include physical security, program management, electronic security, security consulting and training, specialized services, active shooter response, and executive protection. The company's client list includes federal, state and local governments, multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, public utilities, private businesses, hospitals, sports arenas, and high net worth individuals, among others. Internationally, Inter-Con has developed into the premier provider of diplomatic security services, safeguarding dozens of United States Embassies, as well as dozens of other embassy locations around the world.
Key sectors served by Inter-Con include aerospace & defense, consumer goods & services, education, energy & utilities, financial, government & diplomatic, healthcare, manufacturing, natural materials & resources, and non-governmental organizations.
# Raijor Dal

The Raijor Dal (transl. People's Party; abbr. RD) is an Indian political party based in the state of Assam. The party believes in the principles of Secularism, Socialism, Federalism, Progressivism, and opposes the Citizenship Amendment Act.
The formation of the party was the culmination of more than 15 years of struggle of its parent mass organization, Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS), for land rights, farmers rights, ecological conservation and protection of lives and livelihoods of the working classes of Assam. In the wake of the statewide Anti-CAA movement where KMSS and 70 other organizations played a leading role, Akhil Gogoi, the then Chief advisor of KMSS and many others were arrested under draconian laws like the UAPA by the ruling BJP government, A new party was proposed on 2 October 2020 (when Gogoi was still in jail) with an aim to overthrow the BJP from power in Assam and provide a progressive regional alternative to the people of the state. Later, Raijor Dal was formally launched on 8 January 2021 at the 1st Moran convention. The party's stated political ideology is progressive sub-nationalism which encapsulates ideas of federalism, equal rights, self-reliance and scientific temper.

## History

The party was founded on 2 October 2021 by KMSS leader Akhil Gogoi, who at the time was in jail for his participation in the Citizenship Amendment Act protests.
The party was officially announced by filmmaker Jahnu Baruah who had extended his support along with Assamese film actress Zerifa Wahid and lawyer Arup Borbora.
The party is preparing pitch in the upcoming 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election by intensifying anti-CAA protest apart from mounting pressure on the government to ensure release of Akhil Gogoi.

## Organization
### National Executive

| No. | Posts | Tenure |
| 1 | President | ?-?-2020-Incumbent |
| 2 | Vice-President | ?-?-2020-Incumbent |
| 1 | General Secretary | ?-?-2020- Incumbent |

### District Committees

| S.No. | Districts |
| 1 | Nagaon |
| 2 | Cachar |
| 3 | Kamrup Rural |
| 4 | Dhubri |
| 5 | Barpeta |
| 6 | Golaghat |
| 7 | Karimganj |
| 8 | Dibrugarh |
| 9 | Jorhat |
| 10 | Tinsukia |
| 11 | Morigaon |
| 12 | Sonitpur |
| 13 | Sivasagar |
| 14 | |
| 15 | |

## Electoral performance

For 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election, Raijor Dal joined an alliance with Assam Jatiya Parishad an offshoot of All Assam Students Union and Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad. According to the seat-sharing agreement, Assam Jatiya Parishad will contest on 68 seats, and Raijor Dal will contest on 29 seats of Assam.

### State Legislative Assembly Elections

Vote share in consecutive Assam Legislative Assembly elections :
| 2021 | 2021 | 0.00% | 0.00% |

## Members of Legislative Assembly

Members of Assam Legislative Assembly :
| Year | Sr. no. | Portrait | Name | Constituency | Margin |
| 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election | 1. | | Akhil Gogoi | Sibsagar | 11,875 |

## Runner-up Candidates

| Year | Constituencies | Candidates | Lost by |
| 2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election | Naoboicha | Ajijur Rahman | 3,613 |
| 2021 By-elections in India | Thowra | Dhaijya Konwar | 30,561 |
# Derek Harrison (footballer)

Derek Harrison (born 9 February 1950) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League as a defender for Torquay United and Colchester United. He began his career at Leicester City, where he failed to make a league appearance but played in two League Cup games. He later represented Dawlish Town and Salisbury City.

## Career

Born in Littlethorpe, near Leicester, Harrison started his footballing career with Blaby Boys Club, before joining Leicester City and signing a professional contract with the club in 1967. He spent four years as a professional at Filbert Street and made his debut for the first-team in a League Cup second round replay tie on 10 September 1969, resulting in a 0–0 draw against Bristol City. He made his second and final appearance for the club in another League Cup game just over one year later on 7 October 1970, a 1–1 third round draw with Bolton Wanderers.
In search of regular first-team football, Harrison moved to Torquay United in February 1971, where he played 127 league games for the club over four years, scoring four goals.
Harrison moved on to play for Colchester United in the summer of 1975, making his debut on 16 August 1975 in a Third Division 2–1 defeat at Preston North End. He played seven league games for the U's in his short spell with the club, making his final appearance on 7 February 1976 in a 3–2 home defeat to Chesterfield.
After leaving Colchester, Harrison went on to represent Dawlish Town and Salisbury City in the English non-leagues.
# Hydraulic warfare

Hydraulic warfare (HW) is the use of surface water from reservoirs, rivers, canals and other waterbodies as a mass destruction/area denial weapon against the operations of an opposing force during a military conflict. This may involve breaching dams and rerouting watercourses to flood and drown the enemy-held regions of the battlefield, and can be used as a measure of area denial to impede the advance of an attacking ground force, or to reduce the logistic resources and tactical options for fortified defenders. The technique has been used throughout history to create "devastating floods, isolate troops, cut off supply lines, hinder river crossings, and disrupt military timetables".

## History

Between the years 1500 and 2000, some 1/3 of floods in the Netherlands southwest were deliberately caused during wartime. The tactic was typically ineffective, and had damaged the land and local population.
In 1938, China breached the dikes of the Yellow River to slow the advance of Japanese forces during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The flood became known as the largest such act in history.
HW was used by Finland and the USSR during World War II. British forces destroyed the Moehne and Edersee Dams in Western Germany to cut off the supply of water, power, river navigation, and flood protection to the Nazi regime. The breach of the Moehne dam unleashed a flood of 310,000 cfs, costing 1,200 lives. Bridges were washed out for 30 miles below the dam, and two power plants were submerged. The destruction of the Edersse dam produced similar flows and damaged infrastructure all the way to the Mittelland canal. Navigation was also disrupted as no water was available to stabilize the level of water in the river. Germany struck again by flooding the Pontine marshes in Italy, slowing the advance of Allied forces. Germany also flooded the Ay and Ill rivers in France and the Rur river in Germany.
German forces flooded the Liri, Garigliano, and Rapido Rivers in Italy in early 1944. The Garigliano flood disrupted a British crossing, with knock-on effects on the Battle of Monte Cassino. Conversely, the Germans dammed up the Rapido river below an attempted crossing, creating a quagmire and delaying the operation.
The term originated in the 1950s, with the US Army Corps of Engineers.
In 2022 and 2023, the appearance of flooded areas indicated the use of HW during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
# Gymnopus dryophilus

Gymnopus dryophilus is a mushroom commonly found in temperate woodlands of Europe and North America. It is generally saprophytic, but occasionally also attacks living wood. It belongs to section Levipedes of the genus, being characterized by a smooth stem having no hairs at the base (in contrast to section Vestipedes). Until recently it was most frequently known as Collybia dryophila.

## Description

The cap is 2–6 centimetres (3⁄4–2+3⁄8 in) in diameter, convex, and reddish-brown to ochre (fading to tan with dryness); they become more irregular in shape with age. The gills, which are only thinly attached to the stem (detaching with age), are whitish and crowded. The spore powder is white; the buff spores do not react in Melzer's reagent. The bald stem ranges from 2–8 cm (3⁄4–3+1⁄8 in) long by 3–6 mm 3–6 mm (1⁄8–1⁄4 in) in diameter, sometimes thicker at the base. The taste is palatable.
Microscopically the spores are 6×3 μm in size and slightly tear-shaped, there are lobed club-shaped cystidia (15–50 μm × 2–6 μm), and the hyphae on the cap cuticle can also have lobes. It is contended that G. dryophilus in fact consists of a complex of different species and that several new species (including G. brunneolus, G. earleae and G. subsulphureus) should be split off from it. However these species are not generally recognized at present.
The species may carry the parasite Syzygospora mycetophila, which causes pale growths on the mushroom surface.

### Similar species

Outside of its genus, it may resemble Marasmius strictipes. Additionally, Rhodocollybia butyracea has a pinkish spore deposit, and some of the spores turn reddish-brown in Melzer's reagent.

## Distribution and habitat

This fungus is very common in Northern Hemisphere temperate woodlands (so much so that it is sometimes considered a "weed" mushroom). It fruits from April to December and is often seen when there are few other fungi in evidence. Although the Greek epithet dryophilus means "lover of oak trees", it is also found with other broad-leaved trees and with conifers.
Grows in arcs and fairy rings in oak and pine woods, or as clusters on wood chip mulch from May to October.

## Edibility

Gymnopus dryophilus contains toxins which may cause severe gastrointestinal issues. However, it has been listed as edible by some sources, though not worthwhile. It is recommended not to eat the stem, which is tough.
It has been found to contain anti-inflammatory beta-glucans.
The mushroom has a sweet nutty flavor and should not be eaten in contaminated places like industrial or near roads due to its capacity to take up mercury. It is edible but may cause gastrointestinal issues in some people.
# Judy Grinham

Judith Brenda Grinham MBE (born 5 March 1939), also known by her married name Judith Roe or also by her former married name Judith Rowley, is an English former competitive swimmer who represented Great Britain in the Olympics and European championships, and competed for England in the Commonwealth Games. Grinham is an Olympic gold medallist, Commonwealth and European champion, and former world record-holder. In 1956 and 1958 she was chosen as Great Britain's Sportswoman of the Year. In 1958 she became the first woman in any sport to hold/win World, Olympic, European and Commonwealth titles.

## Early life

Grinham was born in the London suburb of Hampstead and grew up in Neasden. She studied at the Convent of Jesus & Mary, Harlesden, London NW10.

## Personal life

She married Pat Rowley in Neasden in 1960, in St Catherine's Church. They had two children, Keith Rowley (born in June 1961) and Ali Grinham (nee Heeks) (born in December 1962). She has five grandchildren, Daniel Page, Ellen Page, Georgia Heeks, Tahara-Jayne Rushden Rowley and Ruby Heeks.
In 1977 she got divorced and in 1979 married Michael Roe (who had 4 children). She also has five step-grandchildren.

## Career

Grinham competed in the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia, winning the 100-metre backstroke, setting a world record of 1:12.9. She became the first Briton to win an Olympic swimming gold since Lucy Morton in 1924.
Grinham competed in the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales, and won the 100-metre backstroke in 1:11.9. She went on to win a second gold medal as a member of the winning British team in the 4×100-metre medley team at the 1958 European Championships in Budapest, Hungary, and won an individual gold in the 100-metre backstroke. She became the first woman in any sport to hold Olympic, Commonwealth and European gold medals at the same time. She won the 1958 ASA National Championship 110 yards freestyle title, the 1957 ASA National Championship 220 yards freestyle title and the 110 yards backstroke title three times (1955, 1956, 1958).
Grinham retired from competitions in 1959. The same year she appeared as a PT instructor in the Associated British Technicolor wartime service comedy film Operation Bullshine, alongside stars Donald Sinden, Barbara Murray and Carole Lesley, but never made another film.
Grinham was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an Honour Swimmer in 1981.
In 2007 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours list, 50 years after winning gold in Melbourne.
# Gifu University

Gifu University (岐阜大学, Gifu Daigaku) is a national university in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is sometimes abbreviated as Gidai (岐大) or Gifudai (岐阜大).

## National University Corporation

The Tokai National Higher Education and Research System established by integrating with Nagoya University in April 2020, both are major universities in Tōkai region.

## Faculties and graduate schools

The following undergraduate and graduate degree programs and courses are offered on the Yanagido campus.

### Faculties

* Faculty of Education
* Regional Studies
* School of Medicine
* Faculty of Engineering
* Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences
* Faculty of Social System Management

### Graduate schools

* Graduate School of Education
* Graduate School of Regional Studies
* Graduate School of Medicine
* Graduate School of Engineering
* Graduate School of Science and Technology
* United Graduate School of Agricultural Science
    Shizuoka University joined with Gifu University in establishing this united graduate school.
* Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences
    Tottori University joined with Gifu University in establishing this joint graduate school.
* United Graduated School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Science
    Gifu Pharmaceutical University joined with Gifu University in establishing this united graduate school.

## Notable people
### Business

* Toichi Takenaka, President and CEO of Astellas Pharma
* Fumio Sugimori, President and CEO of Toshiba Electron Tubes & Devices

### Law and politics

* Kenji Manabe, Minister of the Environment (1998–1999)

### Research

* Sachi Sri Kantha, Associate Professor, Gifu University

### Other

* Ryoichi Akamatsu (born 1995), Japanese high jumper
* Akira Komoto, artist

## Gifu University in Asia

According to the 2025 QS World University Rankings, Gifu University was ranked 180th in Asia and 1001-1200 in the world.

## Directions to Gifu University
### Yanagido Campus

* JR Gifu Station or Meitetsu Gifu Station to Gifu University: 30 minutes (Gifu Bus or car)
   * JR Nagoya Station to JR Gifu Station: 18 minutes (JR Tōkaidō Line)
   * Meitetsu Nagoya Station to Meitetsu Gifu Station: 30 minutes (Meitetsu Nagoya Line)
* Gifu-Hashima Station (Tōkaidō Shinkansen) to Gifu University: 40 minutes (Car)
* Chūbu Centrair International Airport (nearest airport) to Meitetsu Gifu Station: 55 minutes (Meitetsu Airport Line Archived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine)

## Note

* ↑ excluding Attached hospital
# Directorate General of Health Services (India)

The Directorate General of Health Services (Dte.GHS) is an attached organisation of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). It's the apex technical advisory and regulatory body of healthcare. It functions as a repository of technical knowledge regarding public health, medical education and healthcare, and provides technical guidance to the ministry in these domains. Dte.GHS is headed by the Director General of Health Services (DGHS), a Secretary level (Apex Grade) officer of the Central Health Service (CHS). Prof (Dr) Atul Goel is the current Director General of Health Services.
The Dte.GHS manages the Central Government Hospitals and performs its role in public health through various subordinate organisations.

## History

The Directorate General of Health Services (Dte.GHS) was established in 1947 and the Director General of Health Services (DGHS) replaced the Director General, Indian Medical Service and the Public Health Commissioner. Prior to independence (15th August 1947), the officers of the Indian Medical Service (IMS) used to hold the post of Director General, Indian Medical Service and this position was replaced by the DGHS after independence. The first DGHS also functioned as the Health Secretary to the Government of India. Initially the Contributory Health Service Scheme (the predecessor of Central Government Health Scheme) for the healthcare of Central Government Employees was under the administrative control of Dte.GHS.

## Central Govt. Hospitals and medical colleges

The Central Government hospitals and medical colleges including:
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital
* Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated hospitals
* Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital
* Rural Health Training Centre, Najafgarh

## Subordinate organisations
### Nursing Colleges

* Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing
* Lady Reading Health School

### Public health institutes

* All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health
* All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
* National Centre for Disease Control
* National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
* Regional Office of Health and Family Welfare
* Point of Entries (Airport Health Organisation, Port Health Organisation, Land Port Health Organisation)

### Medical Regulatory Bodies

* Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO)
* National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO)

### Serum and Vaccine Institutes

* Central Research Institute, Kasauli
* BCG Vaccine Laboratory, Guindy
* Institute of Serology, Kolkata

### Drug Procurement Organisation

* Medical Stores Organisation
* GMSD

### Leprosy and TB Institutes

* Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu
* Regional Leprosy Training and Research Institute
** Aska
** Gouripur
** Raipur
* TB Institute, Ghaziabad

### Central Institutes

* Central Health Education Bureau: Started functioning in 1955.
* Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi