OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Staling

Staling, or "going stale", is a chemical and physical process in bread and similar foods that reduces their palatability. Stale bread is dry and hard, making it suitable for different culinary uses from fresh bread. Countermeasures and destaling techniques may reduce staling.

## I Will Shoot You To Death!

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(=-\._________/\

## Mechanism and effects

Staling is a chemical and physical process in bread that reduces its palatability. Staling is not simply a drying-out process caused by evaporation. One important mechanism is the migration of moisture from the starch granules into the interstitial spaces, degelatinizing the starch; stale bread's leathery, hard texture results from the starch amylose and amylopectin molecules realigning and causing recrystallisation.
Stale bread is dry and hard. Bread will stale even in a moist environment and stales most rapidly at temperatures just above freezing. While bread that has been frozen when fresh may be thawed acceptably, contrary to popular belief, bread stored in a refrigerator will have increased staling rates. Staling alone does not make bread unsafe to eat. However, mold growth can make bread unsafe to eat. Mold growth can be slowed by refrigeration.

## Culinary uses

Many classic dishes rely upon otherwise unpalatable stale bread. Examples include bread sauce, bread dumplings, and flummadiddle, an early American savoury pudding. There are also many types of bread soups such as wodzionka (in Silesian cuisine) and ribollita (in Italian cuisine). An often-sweet dish is bread pudding. Cubes of stale bread can be dipped in cheese fondue or seasoned and baked in the oven to become croutons, suitable for scattering in salads or on top of soups. Slices of stale bread soaked in an egg and milk mixture and then fried are used for French toast (known in French as pain perdu 'lost bread'). In Spanish and Portuguese cuisines migas is a breakfast dish using stale bread, and in Tunisian cuisine leblebi is a soup of chickpeas and stale bread.
Stale bread or breadcrumbs made from it can be used to "stretch" meat in dishes such as haslet (a type of meatloaf in British cuisine, or meatloaf itself) and garbure (a stew in French cuisine). It can be a subsidiary ingredient in dishes such as fattoush (a type of salad in Levantine cuisine). Stale bread can be used as a base for dips such as skordalia (in Greek cuisine) or substituted with another ingredient.
In medieval cuisine, slices of stale bread, called trenchers, were used instead of plates.

## Countermeasures

Anti-staling agents used in modern bread include wheat gluten, enzymes, and glycerolipids, mainly monoglycerides and diglycerides. Stale bread can be partially made fresh again by heating to 60 °C (140 °F) in a conventional oven or microwave oven.
# Marie Laufiso

Marie Laufiso is a local government politician in Dunedin, New Zealand. Elected in 2016, Laufiso is (in 2025) serving her third term as councillor for the Dunedin City Council, and is the current chair of its community services committee.

## Career

In 2012 Laufiso was appointed a community development co-ordinator for the Dunedin suburb of Brockville where she aimed to "put her background in community work and activism to good use."
When elected to the city council in 2016, Laufiso became the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand's first successful Pasifika election candidate at either local or central government level; Laufiso is of Sāmoan and Tongan descent.
# Sumon Barman

Sumon Barman (born 2002) is an Indian kho kho player from West Bengal. He plays for the India men's national kho kho team as an allrounder. He was part of the Indian men's team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup held at New Delhi in January 2025. He plays for Chennai Quick Guns in the Ultimate Kho Kho, a franchise based league tournament.

## Early life

Barman is from Milan Palli of Chunsurah, Hooghly district, West Bengal. He is the son of Ramdev Barman, a cook who works for daily wages and his mother, Sujata Barman, is a domestic help, who also does odd tailoring works at home. They live a one-room house of 10 ft x 10 ft with tin roof. He has a sister, Riya Barman, also a kho kho player, and a brother. Krishnaranjan Chakraborty was his first coach and he also trained under assistant coach Sujit Saha.

## Career

In January 2025, he was part of the Indian team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup at New Delhi. The Indian team were placed in Group A and defeated Nepal, Brazil, Peru and Bhutan in the group stages. In the quarterfinals, India defeated Bangladesh and beat South Africa 62–42 in the semifinals. In the finals, India defeated Nepal 54–36 to lift their maiden World Cup.
# Rob Corn

Robert L. Corn (born August 12, 1955) is an American television producer and director best known for Girls Club (2002), The District (2000), The Resident (2018), Grey's Anatomy (2005), Chicago Hope (1994), Weird Science (1985) and 48 hours (1982).
Corn has produced 61 out of 62 episodes of medical drama series Grey's Anatomy, of which he has also directed thirty. Previously, he was also a producer and director of several episodes of the 1990s medical drama Chicago Hope. Anabella Garcia, the daughter of the director says “The show when we started was very chaotic. But that’s the beauty of it.” He has been nominated five times for the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series: Chicago Hope (1995, 1996, 1997) and Grey's Anatomy (2006, 2007).
Corn lives in Santa Monica with his wife and two children.

## Filmography

| Production | Year | Role | Number of Episodes |
| The Resident | 2018-2023 | Director | 20 |
| Grey's Anatomy | 2006-2016 | Director | 41 |
| Off the Map | 2011 | Director | 1 |
| Private Practice | 2009 | Director | 1 |
| Chicago Hope | 1998-2000 | Director | 6 |
| Chicago Hope | 1994-1999 | Production Manager | 78 |
| Off the Map | 2011 | Director | 1 |
| The Resident | 2018-2023 | Executive Producer | 106 |
| Grey's Anatomy | 2005-2017 | Executive Producer | 41 |
| Karen Sisco | 2003 | Producer | 1 |
| Girls Club | 2002 | Producer | 9 |
| The District | 2000-2001 | Producer | 12 |
| Chicago Hope | 1995-2000 | Producer | 75 |
# Lucian Tapiedi

Lucian Tapiedi (c. 1921 – 1942) was a Papuan Anglican teacher who was one of the Martyrs of New Guinea The Martyrs were eight Anglican clergy, teachers, and medical missionaries killed by the Japanese in 1942 (a total of 333 church workers of all denominations were killed during the invasion).

## Early life

Tapiedi was born around 1921, "the nephew of a suspected sorcerer of Taupota village in Milne Bay district", on the north coast of Papua, and was educated at mission schools, where he was influenced by Nita Inman, the schoolteacher, and the Reverend Edwin Nuagoro, a Papuan priest. In 1939, he entered St Aidan's Teacher Training College at Dogura and in 1941 he became part of the staff at Sangara as a teacher and evangelist.

## Death

On 4 January 1942 the Japanese initiated the invasion of Papua New Guinea with the Battle of Rabaul. The Anglican Bishop of New Guinea (then a diocese of the ecclesiastical Province of Queensland), Philip Strong, instructed most Anglican missionaries to remain at their posts despite the likely danger:
   If we all left, it would take years for the Church to recover from our betrayal of our trust. If we remain — and even if the worst came to the worst and we were all to perish in remaining — the Church would not perish, for there would have been no breach of trust in its walls, but its foundations and structure would have received added strength for the future building by our faithfulness unto death.
Tapiedi and 10 others, evading the Japanese, came to a village inhabited by the Orokaiva people, and found themselves escorted away by men of that tribe. A man named Hivijapa killed Tapiedi with an axe near a stream by Kurumbo village. The remainder of the group perished soon after; six of them were beheaded by the Japanese on Buna beach. Another source says Tapiedi was "axed to death by the natives after he had returned to retrieve the station records box and some money."

## Legacy

His killer, taking the name Hivijapa Lucian, later converted to Christianity. He built a church dedicated to the memory of his victim, which grew to a diocesan center. However, the original building at Higatury was destroyed when Mount Lamington erupted on 21 January 1951 during a diocesan meeting, with considerable loss of life, so the church and center were rebuilt at Popondetta. Another church taking Lucian Tapiedi as its patronal saint is St Lucian's Six Mile in the Six Mile settlement of Port Moresby, north of Jacksons International Airport.
Tapiedi's grave is at Sangara station.
In 1998 a statue of Tapiedi was installed with nine other 20th-century Christian martyrs over the west door of Westminster Abbey in London.

## Veneration

The Martyrs of New Guinea are honored with memorial and feast days on the calendars of many churches including the Anglican Communion.
# 1981 Engkilili by-election

The 1981 Engkilili by-election is a by-election for the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly state seat of Engkilili, Malaysia that were held on 4 and 5 September 1981. It was called following the death of the incumbent, Nadeng Linggoh on 22 July 1981.

## Background

Nadeng anak Linggoh, a member of Sarawak National Party (SNAP), were first elected the Sarawak state seat of Engkilili-Skrang at the 1974 Sarawak state election. He successfully defended the seat, now renamed as Engkilili at the 1979 Sarawak state election. By this time he were a Barisan Nasional (BN) candidate, as SNAP joined the national coalition 3 years earlier.
On 22 July 1981, Nadeng passed away, this results of his Engkilili seat to be vacated. This necessitates for a by-election to be held, as the seat were vacated more that 2 years before the expiry of the Sarawak state assembly current term. Election Commission of Malaysia (SPR) announced that the by-election will be held on 4 and 5 September 1981, with 20 August 1981 set as the nomination day.

## Nomination and campaign

After the agreement between parties in BN Sarawak that a candidate from SNAP will be nominated for the by-election, Jonathan Narwin anak Tinggong, the member of Parliament for Lubok Antu, were announced as candidate for the seat. Entau anak Mengga, a local farmer, also nominated himself as and independent candidate. A former SNAP member that has failed to secure his party's nomination, he were sacked from the party after announcing his candidacy.
After nomination closed on 20 August 1981, it was confirmed Jonathan and Entau will contest the by-election in a straight fight.

## Timeline

The key dates are listed below.
| Date | Event |
| | Issue of the Writ of Election |
| 20 August 1981 | Nomination Day |
| 20 August - 3 September 1981 | Campaigning Period |
| | Early polling day for postal and overseas voters |
| 4-5 September 1981 | Polling Day |

## Aftermath

After Jonathan was announced as the winner, BN Sarawak director of operations for the by-election and Sarawak Deputy Chief Minister, Daniel Tajem, commented that BN's win reflected the political maturity of the voters. SNAP sectetary-general Leo Moggie said the win shows support of state and federal BN from the rural voters. Leo and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB) vice-president Alfred Jabu also said that the win were the result of all BN Sarawak component parties, namely SNAP, PBB and Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP), efforts in campaigning together.
# Andrea Allan

Andrea Allan (born 18 November 1946) is a Scottish-born actress who appeared in many British films of the 1960s and '70s. She also appeared in magazine spreads for both Playboy and Penthouse.
Her films included Carry On Cowboy, The Wrong Box with Dudley Moore, Vampira with David Niven, Spanish Fly with Leslie Phillips and The Office Party. She had the leading role in The House That Vanished and appeared in several television series including Gideon's Way, UFO (episodes "A Question of Priorities", "The Sound of Silence" and "The Man Who Came Back"), Space: 1999, Thriller and Jason King.
In the mid-1970s she changed her name to Ellie Reece-Knight and appeared in a few more films and an episode of The Benny Hill Show before apparently retiring from acting on screen.

## Selected filmography

* Carry On Cowboy (1965)
* The Wrong Box (1966)
* Assignment K (1968)
* She'll Follow You Anywhere (1971)
* The House That Vanished (aka Scream – and Die!) (1973)
* Vampira (1974)
* Spanish Fly (1975)
* The Office Party (1976) (credited as Ellie Reece-Knight)
# Uplifting trance

Uplifting trance (often synonymous with epic trance, energetic trance, anthem trance, emotional trance, or euphoric trance) is a broad subgenre of trance music. The name, which emerged in the wake of progressive trance in 1996, is derived from the feeling which listeners claim to get (often described as a "rush"). The genre is popular in the trance scene. Classical music strongly influenced the development of uplifting trance both in the 1990s and in the 2000s, with film music also considered influential.

## I Will Shoot You To Death!

(=-\ |l| /
(=-\._________/\

## Characteristics

In general, uplifting trance is a style much happier in tone than other trance genres (such as Goa). Instead of the darker tone of Goa, uplifting trance uses similar chord progressions as progressive trance, but tracks' chord progressions usually rest on a major chord, and the balance between major and minor chords in a progression will determine how "happy" or "sad" the progression sounds.
The genre features longer major chord progressions in all elements (lead synth, bass, and treble). It also contains extended breakdowns and relegation of arpeggiation (the melodic part of the song, usually consisting of "Saw Synths/Square Lead" type sounds) to the background while bringing wash effects to the fore (the harmonic element of the music, or "background fill", usually consisting of synth choir/voice/string chord progressions).
As a rule of thumb, trance beats are in the range of 135–140 BPM. Uplifting trance very commonly employs side-chain compression, a modern production technique. It is commonly referred to as "ducking the kick", where the background strings/synths have their volume automated, creating a pulsing effect on the off-beat.

## Current status

In the late 1990s, deejays Paul Oakenfold, Sasha & Digweed, and Paul van Dyk became known for their uplifting trance music. A decade later, uplifting trance re-established itself within the trance scene, played by such artists as 4 Strings, ATB, Ferry Corsten, Armin van Buuren, Dash Berlin, RAM, Tiësto and Above & Beyond. John O'Callaghan, Daniel Kandi, Bryan Kearney, Andy Blueman, Aly & Fila, Sean Tyas and Super8 & Tab focused particularly on uplifting trance as their overriding genre. In addition, online radio stations such as Paris One and Afterhours.FM devoted airtime to uplifting trance. In September 2009, Afterhours.FM hosted "Uplift Day" that was exclusively dedicated to uplifting trance.
# Halchidhoma

The Halchidhoma (Maricopa: Xalychidom Piipaa or Xalychidom Piipaash – 'people who live toward the water') are a Native American tribe now living mostly on the Salt River reservation, but formerly native to the area along the lower Colorado River in California and Arizona when first contacted by Europeans. In the early nineteenth century, under pressure from their hostile Mohave and Quechan neighbors, they moved to the middle Gila River, where some merged with the Maricopa, and others went on to Salt River and maintained an independent identity.
The Halchidhoma currently speak the Maricopa language.

## History

The Halchidhoma entered written history in 1604–1605, when a Spanish expedition coming overland from New Mexico under Juan de Oñate encountered the "Alebdoma" on the lower Colorado River, below its junction with the Gila River. When the Jesuit missionary-explorer Eusebio Francisco Kino returned to the river in 1700, the Halchidhoma had moved to a portion of the river 100 miles farther north.
A system of military alliances and traditional hostilities seems to have prevailed among the relatively warlike tribes of the lower Colorado and Gila rivers. This may account for the Halchidhoma's move during the seventeenth century. The Halchidhoma were part of an alliance that also included the Maricopa and Cocopa, among others, and was opposed by the Quechan and Mohave. In the 1820s, the Halchidhoma were finally driven from the Colorado River. They took refuge with the Maricopa on the middle Gila River. In the following decades, some continued on to Lehi on the Salt River and maintained a separate identity, while others stayed and became assimilated to the Maricopa. The territory on the Colorado River vacated by the Halchidhoma was subsequently occupied by the Chemehuevi.

## Population

Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California.) The Franciscan missionary-explorer Francisco Garcés estimated the Halchidhoma population in 1776 as 2,500. Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Halchidhoma at 1,000.

## Modern relationship with Maricopa

Halchidhoma people in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community nearly universally identify themselves in English as Maricopa, although both groups testify that they are separate, maintaining separate languages and identities (Kelly 1972:264).
# Kibitka

A kibitka (Russian: кибитка, from the Arabic kubbat, 'dome') is a pastoralist yurt of late-19th-century Kyrgyz and Kazakh nomads.
The word is also used in reference to a Russian type of carriage or sleigh. This kind of kibitka uses the same equipage as the troika but, unlike the troika, is larger and usually closed. In Russian literature and folklore, the term kibitka is used in reference to Gypsy wagons.
The use in the Russian Empire of other kibitki – to transport disgraced noblemen into exile, and convicts to katorga forced labor – inspired the German-language term Kibitkenjustiz and the equivalent English-language concept of "kibitka justice".
# List of animated television series of 2025

This is a list of animated television series that are scheduled to air in 2025.
| Title | Seasons | Episodes | Country | Year | Original channel | Technique |
| #1 Happy Family USA | 1 | 8 | United States | 2025 | Prime Video | Flash |
| Acoustic Rooster: Jazzy Jams | 1 | 8 | United States | 2025 | PBS Kids | Flash |
| Annie & Carola | 1 | 52 | Spain | 2025 | RTVE | Flash |
| Astérix and Obélix: The Big Fight | TBA | TBA | France | 2025 | Netflix | CGI |
| Bearbrick | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Apple TV+ | CGI |
| Common Side Effects | 1 | 7 | United States | 2025-present | Adult Swim | Flash |
| Dog Days Out | 1 | 8 | Korean | 2025-present | Netflix | CGI |
| Eyes of Wakanda | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Disney+ | CGI |
| Goldie | 1 | 13 | United States | 2025 | Apple TV+ | Flash |
| Gupi | TBA | TBA | Turkish | 2025 | Netflix | CGI |
| Haunted Hotel | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Netflix | Flash |
| Hey A.J. | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Disney Jr. | Flash |
| The Hundred Acre Wood’s Winnie-the-Pooh | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | TBA | CGI/AI |
| Iyanu: Child of Wonder | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Cartoon Network / Max | Traditional |
| Lil Kev | 1 | 10 | United States | 2025-present | BET+ | Traditional/Flash |
| Long Story Short | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Netflix | TBA |
| Marvel Zombies | 1 | 4 | United States | 2025 | Disney+ | CGI |
| Mermicorno: Starfall | 1 | 26 | Canada | 2025 | Max | Flash |
| Mickey Mouse Clubhouse+ | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Disney Jr. | CGI |
| Motel Translyvania | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Netflix | CGI |
| Oh My God... Yes! A Series of Extremely Relatable Circumstances | 1 | 3 | United States | 2025-present | Adult Swim | Flash |
| Phoebe & Jay | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | PBS Kids | Flash |
| Polly Can Do | TBA | TBA | Canada | 2025 | TVOKids | Flash |
| RoboGobo | 1 | 12 | United States, Ireland | 2025-present | Disney Jr. | CGI |
| Skillsville | 1 | 10 | Canada, United States | 2025-present | PBS Kids | Traditional/Flash |
| StuGo | 1 | 20 | United States | 2025-present | Disney Channel | Flash |
| Super Duper Bunny League | 1 | 26 | United States | 2025 | Nickelodeon | Flash |
| Super Team Canada | TBA | TBA | Canada | 2025 | Crave | TBA |
| Weather Hunters | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | PBS Kids | CGI |
| Win or Lose | 1 | 8 | United States | 2025 | Disney+ | CGI |
| Winx Club | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Netflix | CGI |
| Wolf King | TBA | TBA | United Kingdom | 2025 | Netflix | CGI |
| Wonderblocks | 1 | 30 | United Kingdom | 2025-present | CBeebies | CGI |
| Woolly Woolly | TBA | TBA | Canada | 2025 | TVOKids | Stop-motion |
| Wylde Pak | TBA | TBA | United States | 2025 | Nickelodeon | Flash |
| Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man | 1 | 10 | United States | 2025-present | Disney+ | CGI/Traditional |
# Sanjay National Park

Sanjay National Park is a national park in Sidhi district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It covers an area of 1,674.55 km$^2$ (646.55 sq mi) and is a part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve. It was declared a National Park in 1981 and a tiger reserve in 2006. Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve is the birthplace of white tiger Mohan, who was captured by the King of Rewa, Martand Singh in 1951.

## Geography

Sanjay National Park is located in the Sidhi district of Madhya Pradesh. It was declared a national park in 1981 and a tiger reserve in 2006. It comprises Sanjay National Park and the Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary, both located in Sidhi District. Sanjay Dubri National Park was named after dubri village. The park is spread over total area of 1,674.55 km$^2$ (646.55 sq mi) including 812 km$^2$ (314 sq mi) core area and 868 km$^2$ (335 sq mi) buffer. It used to be in Madhya Pradesh with 2,300 km$^2$ (890 sq mi), before Chhattisgarh was carved out of it in 2000. A large part of this 1,500 km$^2$ (580 sq mi) area is now located in Chhattisgarh, which was renamed to Guru Ghasidas National Park by the Government of Chhattisgarh. In addition, considering that what used to be Surguja State is now part of Chhattisgarh, and that the state has a district called Koriya, this overall area was the last known territory of the Asiatic cheetah in India. The Banas river, which joins the Son river, forms the western boundary of the park. The terrain of the park is generally hilly.

## Flora

It is located in the Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests ecoregion. The area is well known for its rich biodiversity. It has Sal, bamboo and mixed forests. The trees found in the park are sal, dhawa, tendu, harra, mahua, kusum, shisham, khair, amla and bair.

## Fauna

Sanjay National Park hosts many wild animals, including Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, chital, sambar deer, northern red muntjac, chinkara, wild boar, nilgai, Indian elephant, sloth bear, golden jackal, striped hyena, Indian crested porcupine, jungle cat and monitor lizard.
A white tiger named Mohan was captured by the king of Rewa, Martand Singh, in 1951 in the forest of Sidhi district, which is now part of the Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve. According to an official census of Madhya Pradesh carried out in 2004, Sanjay National Park had six tigers. According to 2018 report, there were six six tiger in the reserve. There were 41 tigers in July 2023. The gaur disappeared in 1997. In 2023, 43 gaur from Kanha Tiger Reserve and Satpura Tiger Reserve were reintroduced.

### Birds

Sanjay National Park hosts many bird species, including peacock, red jungle fowl, Asian koel, Indian roller and owls.
# Lists of video game consoles

The list of video game consoles is split into the following articles:
* List of dedicated video game consoles
* List of handheld game consoles
* List of home video game consoles
** List of video game consoles by generation
** List of first generation home video game consoles
* List of microconsoles
* List of video game console emulators
* List of retro style video game consoles
* List of best-selling game consoles
** List of best-selling game consoles by region
* List of PowerPC-based game consoles
* List of Cloud Game Console