OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hugh O'Donnell (died 1625)

Captain Hugh O'Donnell (Irish: Aodh Ó Domhnaill; June 1605 – 1625) was an Irish-born soldier who served in the Spanish military. He was the son of Gaelic nobles Cathbarr O'Donnell and Rosa O'Doherty, and took part in the Flight of the Earls. He died in the Siege of Breda, aged 19.

## Family background and early life

Hugh O'Donnell was born in June 1605. He was descended from the O'Donnell clan of Tyrconnell, a Gaelic kingdom associated with County Donegal. His father Cathbarr was the youngest son of Hugh McManus O'Donnell, who ruled as Lord of Tyrconnell from 1566 to 1592. Cathbarr served with his elder brothers Hugh Roe, Rory and Manus during the Nine Years' War, which ended with the Irish confederacy's surrender in 1603.
Hugh's mother, Rosa O'Doherty, was a daughter of Sean O'Doherty of Inishowen and brother of Cahir O'Doherty.
Cathbarr also had an illegitimate son, named Conn, with another woman. According to Darren McGettigan, Conn was born with six toes on one foot. According to Francis Martin O'Donnell and Jerrold Casway, it was Hugh who had six toes on one foot.
Following the death of his uncle Hugh Roe, who was associated with the Aodh Engeach prophecy, young Hugh became associated with the same prophecy. It alleged that if two men named Hugh succeeded each other as O'Donnell chief, the last Hugh shall "be a monarch in Ireland and quite banish thence all foreign nations and conquerors".

## Spanish Netherlands

In September 1607, Hugh accompanied his parents and extended family, led by his uncle Rory and the Earl of Tyrone, on the Flight of the Earls. His younger cousin, Hugh Albert O'Donnell (son of Rory), was also on the flight.
The refugees hoped to reached Spain, but were turned away due to Philip III's fears of violating the Treaty of London. Thus the refugees spent the winter in Leuven in the Spanish Netherlands. Many of the refugees were compelled to leave their children behind in Leuven under the care of Franciscans. Hugh and his cousin Hugh Albert were left in Leuven, whilst their fathers continued to Rome. Hugh's mother Rosa remained in the Spanish Netherlands. Rory and Cathbarr both died of illness in Rome in late 1608.
The two boys remained in the care of their nurses at the convent until October 1610, when they were given over to Hugh MacCaughwell, the Franciscan superior of the Irish College in Leuven. At the Irish College, the O'Donnell cousins were raised in the company of the Earl of Tyrone's sons Shane and Brian. Rosa and Hugh's aunt Nuala were made responsible for the two young nobles.
Hugh O'Donnell eventually became a captain in the Spanish army. He died in 1625 in the Siege of Breda. He was not yet twenty years old.
# Edenkoben (Verbandsgemeinde)

Edenkoben is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the municipality is in Edenkoben.

## History

The Verbandsgemeinde was founded in 1972. It belonged to the Regierungsbezirk Rheinhessen-Pfalz, before its dissolution in 2000. It was expanded with the municipalities of the Verbandsgemeinde Maikammer in July 2014, but this merger was reverted by the constitutional court of Rhineland-Palatinate in June 2015.

## Local municipalities

The Verbandsgemeinde Edenkoben consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
| Altdorf Böbingen Burrweiler Edenkoben Edesheim Flemlingen Freimersheim Gleisweiler | Gommersheim Großfischlingen Hainfeld Kleinfischlingen Rhodt unter Rietburg Roschbach Venningen Weyher in der Pfalz |
# Charles Samuels (maroon)

Charles Samuels (d. c. early 1800s) was a maroon officer from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town), and he was the brother of Captain Andrew Smith. Both officers reported to Colonel Montague James, the leader of Trelawny Town.

## Second Maroon War

In 1795, when the Second Maroon War broke out between the Jamaican Maroons of Trelawny Town and the British colonial authorities in Jamaica, Charles Samuels fought on the side of the maroons. A year later, Colonel George Walpole persuaded them to lay down arms on a promise that they would not be deported from the island. The governor, Alexander Lindsay, 6th Earl of Balcarres, reversed that promise on a technicality, and deported Samuels and just under 600 Trelawny Maroons to Nova Scotia.
On the ship's voyage to Nova Scotia, 17 Maroons died, and another 19 perished in the harsh Nova Scotian winter of 1796–97.

## Exile in Nova Scotia

Montague James sent a number of petitions to the British government in London, as well as the colonial authorities in Jamaica, complaining about the cold and unfriendly conditions they encountered in Canada. Many of the petitions were sent to Walpole, who had become a Whig member of parliament, where he complained about the deportation of the Maroons from Jamaica. Montague James sent Charles Samuels from Nova Scotia to London, where he became a paid servant of Walpole, and provided him with information about the poor conditions being endured by the Maroons in Nova Scotia.
On his return trip from London to Nova Scotia, the ship Samuels was on was captured by the French. Imprisoned for several months, Samuels willingly told the French all he knew about Nova Scotia. Eventually freed, he returned to Nova Scotia, where the governor, Sir John Wentworth, tried in vain to find out what Samuels told the French.

## Relocation to Sierra Leone

The information provided by Samuels to Walpole contributed to the success of James in getting the Trelawny Maroons removed from Nova Scotia. In 1800, about 550 Maroons left Nova Scotia for Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, the Jamaican Maroons helped the British to put down a revolt by the Black Nova Scotians, after which the Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone received the best land and houses.
It is believed that Samuels died in the early 1800s.
# Alpha Octantis

Alpha Octantis is a binary star system in the constellation of Octans. The name is Latinized from α Octantis. Despite being labeled the "alpha" star by Lacaille, it is not the brightest star in the constellation—that title belongs to Nu Octantis. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-white-hued point of light with an overall apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5.13. The system is located approximately 148 light-years away from the Sun based on parallax.
This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary star which consists of two similar giant stars, each with spectral type F, orbiting each other with a period of just over 9 days and an eccentricity of 0.39. The pair form a Beta Lyrae-type eclipsing binary system, dropping by magnitude 0.04 during the primary eclipse. This system is a bright X-ray source with a luminosity of 22.78×10$^{29}$ ergs s$^{−1}$. The system displays an infrared excess suggesting the presence of a debris disk; with a temperature of 219 K and is orbiting at a distance of 9.8 AU from its host star.
# Mount Hawkins (Alaska)

Mount Hawkins is a 9,318-foot (2,840-metre) mountain summit in Alaska, United States.

## Description

Mount Hawkins is situated seven miles (11 km) east-northeast of Mount Tom White and 80 miles (129 km) east of Cordova in the Chugach Mountains and Wrangell–St. Elias National Park and Preserve. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 3,000 ft (910 m) above the surrounding glaciers in one mile (1.6 km). The mountain's toponym was applied in 1930 by Lawrence Martin of the U.S. Geological Survey to honor Erastus Corning Hawkins (1860–1912), the chief engineer who built the Copper River and Northwestern Railway. The toponym was officially adopted in 1930 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The first ascent of the remote summit was made on April 13, 2000, by Paul Claus, Jay Claus, and Ruedi Hornberger.

## Climate

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Hawkins is located in a tundra climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports massive glaciers and icefields surrounding this peak. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing Mount Hawkins.
# Irina Gecht

Irina Alfredovna Gecht (Russian: Ирина Альфредовна Гехт; born 30 November 1969) is a Russian politician serving as the acting Governor of Nenets Autonomous Okrug since March 2025. A member of the United Russia political party, she has served as First Deputy Governor of Chelyabinsk Oblast from 2019 to 2024 and previously as Russian Federation Senator from Chelyabinsk Oblast from 2014 to 2019.

## Biography

Irina Gecht was born in the town of Shchuchye, Shchuchansky District, Kurgan Oblast, in the Volga Germans family. In the 1980s, the Gecht family moved permanently to the town of Raduzhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. After school, Gecht entered Chelyabinsk State University, History Department. She specialized in the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1998, she completed postgraduate studies at the same university.
Gecht started her political career in 2005, when she was appointed member of the Civic Chamber of the Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 2009, she was elected Deputy Chair of the Civic Chamber. At the time, she worked as a senior lecturer at the Social Work Department at Chelyabinsk State University.
In 2009, Gecht was a Just Russia candidate for the Chelyabinsk City Duma (a local representative body), but she was not elected. At the same year, she wrote and defended a thesis in South Ural State University, receiving a doctorate in pedagogy.
In 2010, a newly elected Governor Mikhail Yurevich appointed Gecht Deputy Secretary for Social Relations of Chelyabinsk Oblast. In 2011, she was appointed Secretary for Social Relations. In 2012, she was appointed Deputy Governor for Social Affairs.
In 2014, a newly elected Governor Boris Dubrovsky appointed Gecht Senator from Chelyabinsk Oblast. In the Federation Council she joined the Committee for Agrarian and Food Policy and Environmental Management and became its Deputy Chair.
In July 2019, Irina Gecht resigned early as Senator. She became First Deputy Governor of Chelyabinsk Oblast under incoming Governor Alexey Teksler.
From May 2024 to January 2025, she chaired the Military–Civilian Administration Government of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. From January to March 2025 she served as Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District Aleksandr Gutsan's deputy.
On March 18, 2025 President Vladimir Putin appointed Irina Gecht acting Governor of Nenets Autonomous Okrug, following Governor Yury Bezdudny's early resignation.
# James Dwyer

James Dwyer may refer to:
* James Francis Dwyer (1874–1952), Australian writer
* James Dwyer (politician) (1881–1932), Irish Cumann na nGaedhael politician
* Pat Dwyer (American football) or James K. Dwyer (1884–1939), American football coach
* Jim Dwyer (rugby league) (1902–1983), Australian rugby league player
* James J. Dwyer (fl. 1957–2019), American politician in the Massachusetts House of Representatives
* Jim Dwyer (baseball) (born 1950), Major League Baseball player
* Jim Dwyer (journalist) (1957–2020), New York Times journalist
* Jamie Dwyer (born 1979), Australian field hockey player
* James Dwyer (taekwondo) (born 1982), Irish taekwondo practitioner
# Chapare mammarenavirus

Chapare virus is a virus from the family Arenaviridae which causes a hemorrhagic fever in humans known as Chapare hemorrhagic fever. It was first described after an outbreak of a novel zoonotic mammarenavirus infection occurred in the village of Samuzabeti, Chapare Province, Bolivia, in January 2003. A small number of people were infected and one person died.
In 2019, nine people became infected with the virus in the La Paz regional area, four of whom died. Nosocomial and human-to-human transmission of the virus occurred in at least three of the cases which resulted in the death of a medical intern and a gastroenterologist. Like other members of the Arenavirus family, the specific zoonotic reservoir and primary transmission vector is suspected to be a rodent, probably the small-eared pygmy rice rat.

## Virology

The Chapare virus is an enveloped virus with a bi-segmented single-stranded ambisense RNA genome. The two RNA segments are denoted Small (S) and Large (L). It belongs to the New World Clade B lineage of mammarenaviruses and is most closely related to the Sabia virus.

## Symptoms

After an incubation period of around 9–19 days, initial symptoms include fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, back pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. The disease often progresses to include hemorrhagic and neurological symptoms, such as gingival hemorrhage, anaemia, leukopaenia, confusion, seizures, ecchymoses, bleeding from mucous membranes, hemorrhagic shock and multi-organ failure.
Chapare virus RNA was detected in the blood, urine, conjunctiva, semen and in broncho-alveolar and nasopharyngeal samples of the infected patients. Those who survived often had prolonged residual neurological symptoms. Viral RNA was detected in survivors up to 170 days after infection and infectious Chapare virus was obtained in a semen sample of one patient 86 days after symptom onset.

## Treatment

Treatment relies mostly on supportive care and early diagnosis. Specific antiviral therapy for Chapare virus infection has yet to be properly investigated.
# Richard Fairbrass

Richard Peter John Fairbrass (born 22 September 1953) is an English singer, bassist and television presenter, best known as lead singer of the pop group Right Said Fred, who achieved hits in the early 1990s including the singles "I'm Too Sexy" and "Deeply Dippy". He and his band have won two Ivor Novello Awards.

## Early life

Fairbrass was born on 22 September 1953 in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England, and was brought up in East Grinstead, West Sussex. He has a younger brother, "Fred" (born Christopher Abbott Bernard Fairbrass on 2 November 1956).

## Career

Before forming his own band, Fairbrass was a bassist who had played with several prominent artists, including Boy George. In 1984, he appeared in Jazzin' for Blue Jean, a video by David Bowie, as the bass player. Towards the end of the 1980s, Fairbass joined with his brother Fred to form Right Said Fred. The Fairbrass brothers performed as a duo for a brief period, touring in New York City. Guitarist Rob Manzoli joined them in 1990. In 1994, he was joint winner of Rear of the Year with Mandy Smith. Following this, Fairbrass co hosted on BBC Two, (with Rhona Cameron), a television series called Gaytime TV (1995–1999) which was aimed at an LGBT audience.
In December 1998, Fairbrass presented BBC One's Naked Eurovision, a behind the scenes documentary about the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 in Birmingham. From June to August 2001, he co presented with Gabrielle Richens a game show, The Desert Forges, on Channel 5.
In April 2007, Fairbrass was reported to be planning to run for Mayor of London in the 2008 Election.
During a gay rights rally in Red Square, Moscow, on 27 May 2007, commemorating the 14th anniversary of the de-criminalisation of homosexuality in Russia, Richard Fairbrass and Peter Tatchell were violently assaulted by members of a counter demonstration staged by ultra-nationalists. They were subsequently arrested and detained by Russian police.

## Personal life

Richard came out as bisexual in 1991 to The Sun. Richard's long-term partner, from 1982 until 2010, was Stuart Pantry, a BBC make up artist, who died in September 2010 of cancer. Fairbrass has also said he appreciates "pretty guys who look like girls and girls who look like pretty guys."
Fairbrass was hospitalised with COVID-19 in 2021, but has spoken out against COVID-19 measures and has been sceptical of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Fairbrass has routinely commented on the 2022 war in Ukraine, often speaking in support of Russia's invasion and Vladimir Putin's justifications for the conflict. In a Twitter post in December 2022, he called on Putin to resist "western domination". He has also described Volodymyr Zelenskyy and the Ukrainian government as a despotic regime.
# Lodi

Lodi may refer to:

## Tribes

* Lodi (Pashtun tribe), a Pashtun tribe mainly found in Afghanistan and Pakistan
** Lodi dynasty of Multan, ruling House of an Emirate in South Asia
** Lodi dynasty, a Pashtun dynasty ruling India from 1451 to 1526

## Places
### Canada

* Lodi, Ontario, a community in North Stormont, Ontario, Canada

### Italy

* Lodi, Lombardy, in the Province of Lodi of the Lombardy region
** Treaty of Lodi, 1454 between Italian city-states
** Battle of Lodi, 1796 in Lodi
* Province of Lodi, a province in the Lombardy region of Italy
* Lodi Vecchio, a commune of the Lombardy region

### United States

* Lodi, Arkansas
* Lodi, California
** Lodi AVA, a California wine region
** Lodi Academy, a school in Lodi, California
* Lodi, Illinois (disambiguation), various places
* Lodi, Indiana
* Lodi, Michigan (disambiguation), various places
* Lodi, Mississippi (disambiguation), various places
* Lodi, Missouri
* Lodi, Nebraska
* Lodi, Nevada
* Lodi, New Jersey
* Lodi (village), New York, a village in Seneca County
* Lodi, New York, a town in Seneca County
* Lodi, Ohio
* Lodi, Pennsylvania
* Lodi, Texas
* Lodi, Virginia
* Lodi, Wisconsin, a city
* Lodi (town), Wisconsin
* Lodi Township, Athens County, Ohio
* Lodi Township, Michigan
* Lodi Township, Minnesota
* Lodi Township, New Jersey, a township that existed in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, from 1826 to 1935

## Music

* "Lodi" (Creedence Clearwater Revival song), a track from the 1969 album Green River
* "Lodi", a song from the Bollywood film Veer-Zaara, directed by Yash Chopra

## Other uses

* Lodi (apple), a variety of apple
* Lodi (ship), a type of Estonian barge or sailing ship; See Emajõgi
* Lodi (wrestler) (born 1970), in-ring name of professional wrestler Brad Cain
* Lodi station (disambiguation), stations of the name
* Lodi Gardens, a park in New Delhi, India
* Lodi Road, a street in New Delhi, India
* Francesco Lodi (born 1984), Italian association football player
* Renan Lodi (born 1998), Brazilian association football player
* Lohri or Lodi, an annual festival in Northern India
* Lodi, part of the soul that lives in the forest, rather than in a son or totem, in Mbuti mythology
* Lodi, a Filipino slang word popularized in 2017, which is a reversed word for "idol".
# Preston House (Marion, Virginia)

Preston House, also known as Herondon and the John Montgomery Preston House, is a historic home located near Marion, Smyth County, Virginia. It was built in 1842, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick Federal style dwelling. It features two closely matched doorways with a transom and sidelights, framed and divided by slender Tuscan order columns with an entablature and Greek Revival block composition above. The house was built "as a tavern or stagecoach inn along the Wilderness Road." This inn served travellers for some 22 years until 1864.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
In 2022, it was announced that the house is scheduled for demolition in order to build a truck stop.
# Stoßtrupp-Hitler

Stoßtrupp-Hitler (German for "Shock-Troop-Hitler") was a short-lived bodyguard unit formed especially for the protection of Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler in 1923. It was dedicated to his service alone. Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heiden, Ulrich Graf, and Bruno Gesche. It was under the control of Hitler and was involved in the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. It served as a predecessor of the Schutzstaffel (SS).

## History

In the earliest days of the Nazi Party, the leadership realized that a bodyguard unit composed of zealous and reliable men was needed. Ernst Röhm formed a guard formation from the 19.Granatwerfer-Kompanie; from this formation the Sturmabteilung (SA) soon evolved. In early 1923, Adolf Hitler ordered a separate small bodyguard unit to be formed. It was dedicated to his service rather than "a suspect mass" of the party, such as the SA. Originally, the unit was composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold. It was designated the Stabswache (staff guard). The Stabswache were issued unique badges, but at this point the Stabswache was still under overall SA control. Schreck resurrected the use of the Totenkopf as the unit's insignia, a symbol various elite forces had used throughout the Prussian kingdom and the later German Empire.
In May 1923, the unit was renamed Stoßtrupp-Hitler and at the time numbered no more than 20 members, all of whom were considered Hitler loyalists. According to the Historical Lexicon of Bavaria, the unit later had around 100 members, many recruited from the disbanding Freikorps.
On 9 November 1923, the Stoßtrupp-Hitler, along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party, and all associated formations, including the Stoßtrupp-Hitler, were disbanded. Members of the unit were tried for their part in the Beer Hall Putsch, with 38 members being sentenced to imprisonment at Landsberg Prison.

## Influence

In 1925, after the Nazi Party and SA were re-established, Hitler ordered Schreck to organise a new bodyguard unit, the Schutzkommando (Protection Command). It was tasked with providing personal protection for Hitler at party functions and events. That same year, the Schutzkommando was expanded to a national organisation and renamed successively the Sturmstaffel (Storm Squadron), and finally the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squad; SS). Officially, the SS marked its foundation on 9 November 1925, the second anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.

## Notable members

* Rudolf Hess
* Julius Schreck
* Joseph Berchtold
* Emil Maurice
* Erhard Heiden
* Ulrich Graf
* Bruno Gesche
* Christian Weber
* Karl Fiehler
* Walter Buch
* Hermann Fobke
* Karl Laforce
* Wilhelm Laforce
* Josef Gerum
* Hans Kallenbach
* Philipp Kitzinger
* Alois Rosenwink