# SmartBus

SmartBus is a network of bus services in the city of Melbourne, Australia. Overseen by Public Transport Victoria, the network comprises nine key cross-town and orbital bus routes around Melbourne. Key aspects of the service include more frequent services, extended hours of operation to include late evening and Sunday services, improved timetable information at bus stops, roadspace priority along certain routes and priority at particular traffic lights. Busses on SmartBus routes are shared among three operators, with route 900 being operated by both Ventura Bus Lines and CDC Melbourne.
SmartBus originally was a policy proposed by the Victoria State Government in the late 1990s, but was only implemented in the early 2000s. In 2003, the first trial program began with routes 703 and 888/889 (now 902) being upgraded to SmartBus status. The program was deemed successful and as a result new SmartBus routes began service with the most recent addition of routes being the introduction of the four Doncaster Area Rapid Transit routes in 2010.

## History
### 1990s

Although SmartBus was originally a policy initiative of the Kennett government in the late 1990s, the government only began implementing the proposal in the early 2000s. However, plans from the late 1980s included several cross-town routes, which were to be called Metlink.

### 2000–2012

The first stage of the trial was implemented on 5 August 2002, with the following services being chosen as pilot routes: 703 Middle Brighton to Blackburn (operated by Ventura Bus Lines) and 888/889 Nunawading to Chelsea (operated by Grenda's Bus Services). These two routes received extra funding for more services, services on 703 increased by 20% and on 888/889 by up to 50%. Sunday services were also added to 888/889. The aim was to find out whether increased services and better reliability would increase patronage. The project was deemed successful when in 2003, on the 1st anniversary of SmartBus, the Victorian Government released a media statement that the SmartBus program increased patronage by 25%.
On 16 October 2006, route 900 began operation, connecting major areas in south-eastern Melbourne including Chadstone SC, Oakleigh and Monash University. It was jointly operated by Grenda's Bus Service and Eastrans.
Three orbital bus lines were introduced as part of the SmartBus network, with the intention of providing cross city links connecting railway and tram lines and other bus routes.
The first orbital route started as several routes (including Route 665 from Dandenong to Ringwood and Route 830 from Dandenong to Frankston). It was re-launched as Yellow Orbital Route 901 on 24 March 2008 operating between Frankston and Ringwood. Route 901 connects with nine railway stations and over 100 bus routes, and on 26 September 2010, the route was extended to Melbourne Airport. At 115 kilometres long, Route 901 has a journey time of four and a half hours, making it Melbourne's second longest bus route after the Route 684 service between Ringwood and Eildon.
This was followed by route 700 running between Mordialloc and Box Hill; it was re-launched as a SmartBus on 14 June 2005. On 20 April 2009, the route was extended to Altona, becoming the Red Orbital 903, and replaced route 291. It connects to 11 railway stations and nine tram lines, and is 86 kilometres (53 mi) in length.
Last, in April 2010, the Green Orbital 902 started operation, assuming the operations of Grenda's Smartbus route 888/889 as well as East West Bus Company's route 560. The route was jointly operated by Grenda's and East West. It runs between Chelsea and Airport West, connecting to nine railway stations, three tram routes and over 60 local lines, spanning 76 kilometres (47 mi). The Green Orbital was intended to extend westwards to Werribee via Sydenham but this never eventuated.
A Blue Orbital (route 904), was proposed in the 2006 Meeting our Transport Challenges publication, which proposed to service the inner city from Sandringham to Williamstown, however this proposed route was cut from the 2008 Victorian Transport Plan, with the route not mentioned in text or maps.
Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) Routes begun operation on 4 October 2010. Those routes were designed to provide a public transport connection between the Doncaster area and the Melbourne central business district.
The Smartbus had been criticised for being not par with world bus rapid transit system standards, such as segregating from car lanes via a separated roadway, working traffic light bus priority and better real-time information screens.

### Since 2012

Between 2012 and 2013, all of the nine routes were operated by Ventura Bus Lines (with 900 to 902 jointly operated with other operators). Transdev Melbourne was awarded the Melbourne Metropolitan Bus Franchise, which included the three orbital and four DART routes, and took over the routes from Ventura in August 2013. In late 2014, Transdev proposed to split the three orbital routes into seven routes, as part of a planned network change in 2015. In April 2015, the proposed network change, including the splitting of the orbial routes, was rejected by the newly-elected Andrews Labor government.
In January 2022, Kinetic Melbourne succeeded Transdev as new franchise operator of the Melbourne Metropolitan Bus Franchise and took over the three orbital and four DART routes.

## Network and Operations
### Routes

| Route | From | To | Via | Operator | Notes |
| 703 | Blackburn | Middle Brighton | Forest Hill Chase Shopping Centre, Monash University, Clayton station & Bentleigh station | Ventura Bus Lines | Official SmartBus section is only north of Clayton, although PIDs are installed at Bentleigh. Service levels are not as high as on other SmartBus routes, especially along Centre Rd segment. |
| 900 | Rowville | Caulfield | Waverley Park, Monash University & Chadstone Shopping Centre | CDC Melbourne and Ventura Bus Lines | Limited stops service |
| 901 | Frankston station | Melbourne Airport | Dandenong station, Westfield Knox, Ringwood station, Blackburn station, The Pines Shopping Centre, Greensborough station, Epping station, Roxburgh Park station & Broadmeadows station | Kinetic Melbourne | Orbital – Yellow |
| 902 | Chelsea station | Airport West | Springvale Shopping Centre, Glen Waverley station, Nunawading station, Westfield Doncaster, Eltham station, Greensborough Plaza, Campbellfield, Broadmeadows station & Gladstone Park | Kinetic Melbourne | Orbital – Green |
| 903 | Altona station | Mordialloc | Sunshine station, Essendon station, Preston station, Northland Shopping Centre, Heidelberg station, Westfield Doncaster, Box Hill Central, Deakin University (Burwood Campus), Chadstone Shopping Centre & Mentone station | Kinetic Melbourne | Orbital – Red Some services terminate at Box Hill, Heidelberg, Essendon or Sunshine, towards Altona, or either Mentone or Oakleigh towards Mordialloc instead. |
| 905 | City (Lonsdale Street) | The Pines Shopping Centre | Eastern Freeway exiting at Bulleen Road, Templestowe | Kinetic Melbourne | Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) |
| 906 | City (Lonsdale Street) | Warrandyte | Eastern Freeway, exiting at Blackburn Road, The Pines Shopping Centre | Kinetic Melbourne | Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) |
| 907 | City (Lonsdale Street) | Mitcham | Eastern Freeway, exiting at Doncaster Road, Doncaster Park & Ride | Kinetic Melbourne | Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) |
| 908 | City (Lonsdale Street) Terminates at Doncaster Park & Ride during off-peak | The Pines Shopping Centre | Eastern Freeway, exiting at Doncaster Road, Doncaster Park & Ride, King Street | Kinetic Melbourne | Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) |

### Services

SmartBus routes operate from 5:00am to midnight from Monday to Saturday and from 6:00am to 9:00pm on Sundays, Good Friday and Christmas Day. Most services run the full route however, some services on the three orbital routes and off-peak services route 908 may serve shorter runs. SmartBus services usually serve most stops however, route 900 instead offers a limited express service, only stopping at major stops along the route.
Frequencies on the nine routes are higher than most bus routes on the network, will vary throughout the day and go as follows.
* 30 minute frequencies between 5:00am and 6:30am
* 15 minute frequencies between 6:30am and 9:00pm on routes 703, 901, 902 and 903
* 10 minute frequencies (or higher) between 6:30am and 9:00pm on routes 900, 905, 906, 907 and 908
* 30 minute frequencies from 8:30pm and 12:00am
* 30 minute frequencies on weekends and public holidays
* 60 minute frequencies on Night Network services

### Operators

| Route | 2002–2005 | 2005–2008 | 2008–2010 | 2008–2010 | 2010–2013 | 2010–2013 | 2010–2013 | 2010–2013 | 2013–2022 | 2022–now |
| 703 | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) | Ventura Bus Lines (2002–present) |
| 900 | N/A | Grenda's Bus Services and Eastrans (2006–2012) | Grenda's Bus Services and Eastrans (2006–2012) | Grenda's Bus Services and Eastrans (2006–2012) | Grenda's Bus Services and Eastrans (2006–2012) | Ventura Bus Lines and Eastrans (2012–2014) | Ventura Bus Lines and Eastrans (2012–2014) | Ventura Bus Lines and CDC Melbourne (2014–present) | Ventura Bus Lines and CDC Melbourne (2014–present) | Ventura Bus Lines and CDC Melbourne (2014–present) |
| 901 | N/A (Non-Smartbus routes 665 and 830/831) | N/A (Non-Smartbus routes 665 and 830/831) | Grenda's Bus Services and Invicta Bus Services (2008–2009) | Grenda's Bus Services (2009–2010) | Grenda's Bus Services and East West Bus Company (2010–2012) | Ventura Bus Lines and East West Bus Company (2012–2013) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 902 | Grenda's Bus Services (2002–2010 as Smartbus 888/889) | Grenda's Bus Services (2002–2010 as Smartbus 888/889) | Grenda's Bus Services (2002–2010 as Smartbus 888/889) | Grenda's Bus Services (2002–2010 as Smartbus 888/889) | Grenda's Bus Services and East West Bus Company (2010–2012) | Ventura Bus Lines and East West Bus Company (2012–2013) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 903 | N/A | Ventura Bus Lines (2005–2009 as Smartbus 700) | Ventura Bus Lines (2005–2009 as Smartbus 700) | Ventura Bus Lines (2009–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2009–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2009–2013) | | | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 905 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 906 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 907 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |
| 908 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Ventura Bus Lines (2010–2013) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Transdev Melbourne (2013–2022) | Kinetic Melbourne (2022–present) |

## Infrastructure
### Buses

Originally, SmartBus routes used a dedicated fleet of low-entry buses painted in the grey SmartBus livery. The first batch of SmartBus liveried buses were Mercedes-Benz OC500LEs delivered in 2006 and 2007 by Eastrans and Grenda's for route 900. However, since then, most of these buses have been displaced onto non-SmartBus routes and replaced by Gemilang Coachworks and Volgren bodied and Scania K320UBs painted in the orange PTV livery. Buses dedicated to SmartBus operations, regardless of livery, feature PIDS inside of the bus, which shows the next stop. In 2022, Kinetic Melbourne began running electric buses on 901, 902 and 903.

### Bus Stops

SmartBus bus stops offer a variety of premium features not usually present at non-Smartbus bus stops. All SmartBus bus stops feature totems, with some including real time PIDs embedded into them. Additionally, major bus stops may include shelters, bins, and real time passenger information displays. These displays will show the next departures of each SmartBus route and at railway stations will additionally show the next departures of rail services.

### Signalling

SmartBus corridors use more modern signalling which is not common on non-SmartBus routes. The location of buses is tracked using GPS satellite receivers fitted to the bus, which relay this information to the network control centre. Many traffic lights on SmartBus corridors are fitted with bus signal priority equipment, to allow for buses to change signals ahead to speed up their journey. The information from both systems is also commonly used when operating PIDs, when accounting for delays and earlier arrivals.