# Timeline of Portuguese history (Second Dynasty)

This is a historical timeline of Portugal's Second Dynasty.

## Second Dynasty: Aviz
### 14th century

* 1385
** April – João I of Portugal acclaimed king by the Portuguese; Castilians do not accept this claim.
** August 14 – Battle of Aljubarrota: João I defeats the Castilians and secures the throne.
* 1386 - Treaty of Windsor, an alliance between England and Portugal.
* 1394 – Henry the Navigator, son of king João I of Portugal, is born.

### 15th century

* 1415 – João I conquers the city of Ceuta in northern Africa.
* 1419 – Madeira Islands discovered by João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira.
* 1427 – Azores Islands discovered by Diogo Silves.
* 1433 – Duarte of Portugal becomes king.
* 1434 – Gil Eanes crosses the Bojador Cape: exploration of the African coast begins.
* 1438 – Afonso V of Portugal becomes king.
* 1444/1460 – discovery and settling of Cape Verde islands.
* 1481 – João II of Portugal becomes king.
* 1483 – João II executes Fernando, the third Duke of Braganza, and Diogo, the Duke of Viseu, putting an end to high nobility conspiracies.
* 1484 – Diogo Cão discovers the Congo River.
* 1491 – Bartolomeu Dias becomes the first European captain to cross the Cape of Good Hope.
* 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas signed between Spain and Portugal, dividing the colonisable world in two halves.
* 1495 – Manuel I of Portugal becomes king.
* 1498 – Vasco da Gama reaches India through navigation around Africa.

### 16th century

* 1500
** Easter Day – Pedro Álvares Cabral discovers the already inhabited Brazil.
** Diogo Dias discovered an island they named after St Lawrence after the saint on whose feast day they had first sighted the island later known as Madagascar
** Manuel I orders expulsion or conversion of the Portuguese Jews.
*** Gaspar Corte-Real made his first voyage to Newfoundland, formerly known as Terras Corte-Real.
* 1502 - Miguel Corte-Real set out for New England in search of his brother, Gaspar.
** João da Nova discovered Ascension Island.
** Fernão de Noronha discovered the island which still bears his name.
* 1503 - On his return from the East, Estevão da Gama discovered Saint Helena Island.
* 1506 - Tristão da Cunha discovered the island that bears his name. Portuguese sailors landed on Madagascar.
* 1509 - The Gulf of Bengal crossed by Diogo Lopes Sequeira. On the crossing he also reached Malacca.
* 1510 - Conquest of Goa by Afonso de Albuquerque.
* 1511 - Conquest of Malacca by Afonso de Albuquerque.
* 1512 - António de Abreu discovered Timor island and reached Banda Islands, Ambon Island and Seram. Francisco Serrão reached the Moluccas.
* 1513 - The first trading ship to touch the coasts of China, under Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello later in the same year.
* 1515 - Afonso de Albuquerque captures the Kingdom of Hormuz.
* 1517 - Fernão Pires de Andrade and Tomé Pires were chosen by Manuel I of Portugal to sail to China to formally open relations between the Portuguese Empire and the Ming Dynasty during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor.
* 1521 – João III of Portugal becomes king.
** António Correia captures Bahrain, which is under Portuguese rule until 1602.
* 1526 - Jorge de Meneses reaches New Guinea for the first time.
* 1542 – Portuguese explorers Fernão Mendes Pinto, Francisco Zeimoto and António Mota are the first Europeans to land in Japan.
* 1557- Macau given to Portugal by the Emperor of China as a reward for services rendered against the pirates who infested the South China Sea.
** Sebastião of Portugal becomes king.
* 1568 – King Sebastião of Portugal comes of age and takes control of the government.
* 1569
** Plague epidemic in Portugal. 60,000 people die in Lisbon alone.
** Nagasaki, Japan, is open to Portuguese traders.
* 1570
** Luís de Camões returns to Lisbon from the Orient.
** Goa, in Portuguese India, is attacked by a coalition of Indian forces, but these are defeated by Portuguese Vice-Roy Luís de Ataíde, Count of Atouguia.
* 1578
** Portuguese troops were utterly defeated in Africa, in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir; King Sebastião disappears in the battle never to be seen again.
** Cardinal Henrique I of Portugal becomes king.
* 1579 - Cortes in Lisbon.
* 1580
** Cortes in Almeirim.
** King Cardinal Henrique I of Portugal dies.