OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Milton Rashid

Milton Rashid is an Indian National Congress politician and was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly between 2016 and 2021, elected from Hansan. He was made the Birbhum district Congress president in 2020.
1)He was the former president of West Bengal Pradesh Congress “Minority Cell”.
2)Former district president of “INTUC” Birbhum.
3) Ex “General Secretary”at Rampurhat Collage “Students Union” from “chattra parishad”(NSUI).

## Referen” es

* ↑ "Congress and AISF announce first list of LS candidates". The Statesman. 23 March 2024.
* ↑ সংবাদদাতা, নিজস্ব (13 October 2020). "জেলায় কংগ্রেসের নতুন সভাপতি মিল্টন রশিদ". Anandabazar (in Bengali). Retrieved 28 March 2024.
* This article about an Indian National Congress politician from West Bengal is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Unique citizenship number

The unified civil number (Bulgarian: Единен граждански номер, ЕГН, romanized: Edinen grazhdanski nomer, EGN) is a 10-digit unique number assigned to each Bulgarian citizen. It serves as a national identification number. An EGN is assigned to Bulgarians at birth, or when a birth certificate is issued. The uniform system for civil registration and administrative service of population (Bulgarian: Единна система за гражданска регистрация и административно обслужване на населението; abbreviated: ЕСГРАОН, ESGRAON) regulates the EGN system.

## Structure

The initial six digits correspond to the birth date. The first two digits are the last two digits of the year, and the last two digits are the day of the month. For people born between 1900 and 1999 the middle digits are the month number: YYMMDD. For people born before 1900, 20 is added to the month: YY M+20 DD. For people born from 2000, 40 is added to the month: YY M+40 DD.
The next three digits designate the birth order number, the third digit being even for males and odd for females. Each district is assigned a range of three-digit numbers, used consecutively, altering even and odd numbers between males and females born on the particular day. In rare cases a district may not have enough numbers, so numbers are "borrowed" from an adjacent district.
A check digit, calculated from the nine digits using the following algorithm, is appended: 1 Each digit is multiplied by its weight; the weight for the nth digit is 2$^n$ modulo 11:
       Position 123456789 Weight x2x4x8x5x10x9x7x3x6
2 The products obtained are added 3 The resulting sum modulo 11 is the check digit. If the result is 10, the check digit becomes 0

## Examples
### Valid EGN numbers

* 0443239266 — a male, born on 23 March 2004
* 8032056031 — a female, born on 5 December 1880
* 8001010008 — a male, born on 1 January 1980
* 7501020018 — a female, born on 2 January 1975
* 7552010005 — a male, born on 1 December 2075
* 7542011030 — a female, born on 1 February 2075

## Misuse

In order to easily cross borders criminals have been known to change EGNs. There were 46 such cases detected in March 2005.
Using the EGN system for identification raised some privacy concerns, though they are officially considered personal information and are protected by law.
# Omphalotus illudens

Omphalotus illudens, commonly known as the eastern jack-o'lantern mushroom, is a North American species of fungus.

## Description

It forms a large, orange mushroom. The caps grow up to 15 centimetres (6 in) wide. The gills are decurrent and the stem is up to 15 cm long. The flesh is orange and the spore print is white to cream.
Its gills often exhibit a weak green bioluminescence when fresh. This green glow has been mentioned in several journal articles, which state that the phenomenon can persist up to 40–50 hours after the mushroom has been picked. It is believed that this display serves to attract insects to the mushroom's gills at night, which can then distribute its spores across a wider area.

### Similar species

Omphalotus illudens is sometimes confused with edible chanterelles, but can be distinguished by its thicker, fleshier appearance, tendency to form large clusters, and clearly separated caps when young. Unlike chanterelles, the Eastern jack-o'-lantern is poisonous to humans when eaten, whether raw or cooked, and typically causes vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea. Although some older literature claims the name is synonymous with Omphalotus olearius, phylogenetic analysis confirms the two as distinct species.

## Habitat and distribution

Omphalotus illudens is often found in clumps on decaying stumps, buried roots, or at the base of hardwood trees in eastern North America (June–November).

## Toxicity

The poisonous chemical compounds illudin S and illudin M were isolated from Omphalotus illudens. In addition to their antibacterial and antifungal effects, illudins appear to be the cause of human toxicity when these mushrooms are eaten raw or cooked. Muscarine has also been indirectly implicated in toxicity, but modern studies to demonstrate its presence in O. illudens are needed.
The cytotoxic effect of illudin is of interest for treating some cancers, but illudin itself is too poisonous to use directly so it must first be chemically modified. Inside human cells, illudin S reacts with DNA and creates a type of DNA damage that blocks transcription. This block can only be relieved by a repair system called nucleotide excision repair. Damage in non-transcribed DNA areas is left unrepaired by the cell. This property was exploited by the company MGI Pharma to develop an illudin-derivative called Irofulven for use as a cancer treatment. Its application is still in the experimental phase.

## Gallery

* Jack o' lantern mushroom fungus with U.S. quarter for size reference and cap underside shown lower right.
* Jack o' lantern mushroom fungus clusters growing at the base of an oak tree.
* Jack o' lantern mushrooms displaying bioluminescence
* Jack o' lantern mushrooms glowing bioluminescence, also showing artificial light photo for reference.
# Clotilde Kainerstorfer

Clotilde Kainerstorfer (2 July 1833 – 26 September 1897) was an Austrian composer born in Hall in Tirol. She composed sacred works and published ten pieces for piano and organ in Augsburg in 1878 as her first known compositions. She died in 1897 in Linz.

## Works

Selected works include:
* 10 Weihnachts-Lieder (No. 1. "Gottes Lob soll heut erschallen," No. 2. "Sei uns willkommen," No. 3. "Engelssang, Himmelsklang," No. 4. Gloria (Choral): "Preis u. Ehre in den Höhen," No. 5. "Sei du uns gegrüsset," No. 6. "Wie winket so freundlich," No. 7. "Lasst uns Gespielen," No. 8. "Erwecket durch himmlische Klänge," No. 9. "Voll Jubel u. Freude," No. 10. Gloria (Choral): "Ehre sei Gott in der Höbe," November 1878
* Marien-Blumen, Song in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary, April 1881.
* Marienlied: Der Tag entflieht (The Day Escapes), November 1880
* Offertorium: Ad te Domine levavi, November 1878.
* Salve Regina. Marienlied zur Maiandacht, August 1882.
* Siona (latein. u. deutscher Text), November 1880.
* O salutaris hostia, February 1878
# Kenny Allen (American football)

Kenneth Arthur Allen (born July 8, 1994) is an American former professional football player who was a punter and placekicker for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines as their starting placekicker and punter in 2015 and 2016.

## Early years

Allen was born in 1994. His father is from Korea and played college soccer at Oakland University in Rochester, MI. He attended Fenton High School in Fenton, Michigan. As a high school kicker, he was ranked as the No. 2 punter and No. 13 placekicker in the country by Rivals.com.

## University of Michigan

Despite receiving scholarship offers from multiple schools, Allen chose to enroll at the University of Michigan in 2012 as a preferred walk-on. His Mother did her Undergraduate and Graduate degrees at University of Michigan. Due to his hard work and support from his sister, He was given a scholarship in 2015.
During the 2015 season, Allen became Michigan's starting placekicker while Blake O'Neill handled punting duties. In the opening game against Utah, Allen kicked a field goal for the first points of the Jim Harbaugh era. His kickoff against Utah, where his sister Hannah now lives, was also the first field goal made by an African-American kicker in Big Ten history. Allen converted eight of ten field goal attempts and 25 of 25 points after touchdown (PAT) attempts. He also secured touchbacks on 22 of 46 kickoffs.
During the 2016 season, Allen was Michigan's starter as a punter and a placekicker, handling kickoffs and field goals. On September 10, 2016, he scored a career-high 14 points in a game on three field goals and five PATs. Allen was named the Big Ten Special Teams Player of the Week for the week ending October 31, 2016. Allen made field goals from 23, 23 and 45-yards on October 29, setting a new season-long, and also hit all three PAT tries to total 12 of Michigan's 32 points in its nine-point win over Michigan State for the Paul Bunyan Trophy. Allen also kicked off six times with three touchbacks and a 64.2-yard average and punted three times for 122 yards, landing one inside the 20-yard line. During the 2016 season, Allen was second in the league with a 42.6-yard average, punting 46 times for 1,961 yards with 20 punts inside the opposition's 20-yard line and 14 punts of 50 yards or better. He has converted his last 12 field goal attempts, the third-longest streak in school history, and has converted 16-of-20 field goals this season. Following the 2016 season, Allen was named to the All-Big Ten special teams second-team, by both the coaches and media.

## Professional career

Allen signed with the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2017. He was waived on September 1, 2017, during final roster cutdowns.
Allen signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on October 9, 2017.
# José Simões Dias

José Simões Dias (1844 in Benfeita, Arganil – 3 March 1899 in Lisbon) was a Portuguese poet, short-story writer and literary critic, as well as politician and pedagogue. His poetry is generally affiliated with the later Romantic tradition, sometimes termed Ultra-Romanticism, although some of his poems, popular in tone, can be seen to betray an affinity for the Realist aesthetics that was then beginning to blossom in Portuguese letters.
As a deputy to the National Assembly under the constitutional monarchy of Luís I, he authored the bill that would transform the birthday of Camões (June 10) into Portugal Day, an important national holiday. His literary collaboration can be found in the magazine Popular Illustration (1884).
# Unique citizenship number

The unified civil number (Bulgarian: Единен граждански номер, ЕГН, romanized: Edinen grazhdanski nomer, EGN) is a 10-digit unique number assigned to each Bulgarian citizen. It serves as a national identification number. An EGN is assigned to Bulgarians at birth, or when a birth certificate is issued. The uniform system for civil registration and administrative service of population (Bulgarian: Единна система за гражданска регистрация и административно обслужване на населението; abbreviated: ЕСГРАОН, ESGRAON) regulates the EGN system.

## Structure

The initial six digits correspond to the birth date. The first two digits are the last two digits of the year, and the last two digits are the day of the month. For people born between 1900 and 1999 the middle digits are the month number: YYMMDD. For people born before 1900, 20 is added to the month: YY M+20 DD. For people born from 2000, 40 is added to the month: YY M+40 DD.
The next three digits designate the birth order number, the third digit being even for males and odd for females. Each district is assigned a range of three-digit numbers, used consecutively, altering even and odd numbers between males and females born on the particular day. In rare cases a district may not have enough numbers, so numbers are "borrowed" from an adjacent district.
A check digit, calculated from the nine digits using the following algorithm, is appended: 1 Each digit is multiplied by its weight; the weight for the nth digit is 2$^n$ modulo 11:
       Position 123456789 Weight x2x4x8x5x10x9x7x3x6
2 The products obtained are added 3 The resulting sum modulo 11 is the check digit. If the result is 10, the check digit becomes 0

## Examples
### Calculation

The first female registered born on 2 January 1975 has number 75 (1975) 01 (January + 0) 02 (2nd) 001 (district has numbers, say, 0-50, and this is first female of this date) & check digit, i.e. 750102001 & check digit. 7x2 + 5x4 + 0x8 + 1x5 + 0x10 + 2x9 + 0x7 + 0x3 + 1x6 = 63; divide by 11, (quotient is 4, ignore), remainder 8 is check digit. So EGN is 7501020018.

### Valid EGN numbers

* 0443239266 — a male, born on 23 March 2004
* 8032056031 — a female, born on 5 December 1880
* 8001010008 — a male, born on 1 January 1980
* 7501020018 — a female, born on 2 January 1975
* 7552010005 — a male, born on 1 December 2075
* 7542011030 — a female, born on 1 February 2075

## Misuse

In order to easily cross borders criminals have been known to change EGNs. There were 46 such cases detected in March 2005.
Using the EGN system for identification raised some privacy concerns, though they are officially considered personal information and are protected by law.
# Charles Stewart (customs official)

Charles Stewart was a Scottish customs official and merchant who was the slaveowner in the Somerset v Stewart case.

## Early career

Stewart was born in Scotland but emigrated to British America. He became a successful merchant in the port town of Norfolk, Virginia. He came to official notice during the Seven Years' War, when in 1762 a ship carrying Spanish prisoners of war ran aground near Norfolk. An angry mob set upon the Spaniards, killing two before Stewart intervened to save the lives of the rest. This impressed the authorities, who rewarded him with a post in the customs service. He had risen to be Paymaster General of the American Customs Board by the time he sailed for Britain in 1769.

## Somerset Case

In 1749 Stewart had purchased James Somerset, a young Black boy recently enslaved in West Africa and brought across the Atlantic Ocean. Somerset learned English very quickly. Stewart dressed Somerset in more expensive clothes than his other slaves and took him to important business meetings. Stewart took Somerset with him when he went to Britain to help support his sister Cecilia, whose husband had recently died, and her family.
Once in Britain, while working on business for Stewart, Somerset came into contact with a number of free blacks and white abolitionists. Motivated by a desire to secure his freedom, Somerset ran away from Stewart's home in October 1771. Stewart was angered and put up notices about his loss. After Somerset was recaptured in November 1771 he was gaoled aboard the Ann and Mary, which was about to sail for the West Indies where he was to be sold on. Before the ship departed, his abolitionist godparents challenged his detention on the grounds of habeas corpus. The Chief Justice Lord Mansfield temporarily released Somerset while the two sides prepared their cases. Somerset's cause was taken up by Granville Sharp, a leading abolitionist.
Mansfield tried to persuade Stewart to free Somerset, as had happened in several similar recent incidents, thereby avoiding a potentially controversial legal case that might challenge the entire legality of slavery. Stewart refused, and his case was financed by planters in the West Indies who wanted to force a ruling that they believed would confirm that slavery was legal. Although Mansfield indicated to them that he was likely to rule against them, they refused to back down. As a last resort Mansfield tried to persuade Somerset's godmother to buy him from Stewart and set him free, but she declined on principle.
In his final ruling, Mansfield ordered that Somerset be discharged and concluded with an attack on the institution of slavery. Although he subsequently insisted his ruling had not entirely outlawed slavery in England, it was widely taken as such.

## Death

Stewart is buried in Greyfriars’ Kirkyard in Edinburgh.
# Premiership of Mark Carney

Mark Carney's tenure as the Prime Minister of Canada began on March 14, 2025 after he was sworn in by Mary Simon, the Governor General of Canada, following his win in the 2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election on March 9, 2025. He succeeded Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, after he announced his resignation on January 6, 2025 as party leader. He is the 24th Prime Minister of Canada.

## Background
### 2025 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election

On January 6, 2025, Trudeau announced his resignation as Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party. On January 16, 2025, Carney formally announced his intent to run in the leadership election and become Liberal Party leader. On March 9, 2025, he won the leadership election with 85.9% of the overall vote, becoming the next leader of the party and Prime Minister, succeeding Trudeau. Trudeau stayed on as Prime Minister until his formal resignation in the early morning of March 14, 2025 prior to Carney's swearing in later that morning.
Carney does not hold a seat in the House of Commons, similar to the previous premierships of Charles Tupper, Arthur Meighen, and John Turner; all three individuals lacked seats in the House of Commons at the time of their appointment as Prime Minister. Carney intends to run in a yet to be determined riding in the 2025 federal election. Upon taking the oath of office, he became the first Canadian prime minister born in any of the territories and the third born west of Ontario (after Joe Clark and Kim Campbell). He is the second prime minister to have earned a PhD, after William Lyon Mackenzie King. Additionally, he is the first to have never served in prior elected office, and the first since John Turner not to be sitting in the House of Commons at time of appointment.

## Domestic policy
### Removal of the consumer portion of the carbon pricing policy

Shortly after being sworn in as Prime Minister, Carney signed a prime ministerial directive that directed the Governor General to sign an order in council to immediately reduce the consumer price of carbon to $0 starting on April 1, 2025, thereby effectively terminating the consumer portion of Canada's carbon pricing policy, but allowing the final carbon rebate payment to go to individuals as scheduled. Carney stated the policy had become too 'divisive' among the Canadian public, resulting in the necessity for it to be removed. The policy was originally implemented in 2018 through the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, which was passed during Trudeau's first term. The industrial levy on carbon remains in place.
# Lac à Paul mine

Arianne Phosphate is a mining company located in Quebec, developing its Lac à Paul project, one of the largest phosphates reserve in Canada. having estimated reserves of 590 million tonnes of ore grading 7.13% P$_2$O$_5$. Arianne Phosphate Inc. is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol "DAN".

## Location

The Lac à Paul project is located north of the 49th parallel (an area covered by the Plan Nord), north of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region.
# János Martonyi

János Martonyi (born in Kolozsvár, Hungary (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania), 5 April 1944) is a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1998 to 2002 and from 2010 to 2014. He is a member of the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union party. He was part of the Amato Group that unofficially drafted a new treaty for the European Union after the European Constitution was rejected by the French and Dutch voters.

## Political career

He was a member of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) which he entered in 1988, which later he declared as a personal mistake.
On 29 May 2010 he was reappointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs. His most prominent tasks were the development of a strong and effective foreign policy, and planning for Hungarian Presidency of the European Union from January to July 2011. He visited Slovakia before his inauguration on the occasion of the passing of the Hungarian law allowing citizenship to be given to Hungarians living in neighboring countries. The Slovak government has considered the new law to be an aggressive move, with insufficient negotiation between the two countries. Martonyi said that hysteria in Slovakia is a result of the election campaign there.
Martonyi's foreign policy's motto was a quote from 17th-century poet Miklós Zrínyi: "Don't hurt the Hungarian!"
His first visit abroad was to Serbia. Martonyi mentioned the improved relations between the two countries. He said that Hungary has to help Serbia join the European Union. Martonyi met Vuk Jeremić who said the Hungarian EU Presidency will be very important for the integration of the Western Balkan countries. The Hungarian foreign minister also met Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković and President Boris Tadić.
At the end of the Hungarian Presidency of the European Union he said "the past six months of Hungary’s EU presidency demonstrated that Europe was able to function and react to challenges, even if sometimes slowly and unevenly". Martonyi noted that number of integration issues has resolved during EU presidency, including EU enlargement, the approval of the Roma Framework Strategy and the Danube Strategy, completion of accession negotiations with Croatia, as well as progress towards the admission of Romania and Bulgaria to the Schengen zone.

## Memberships

Martonyi is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Board of MOL and the Wilfred Marten Centre for European Studies.

## Awards

Martonyi was awarded the National Order of Merit of France in 2000 and the Central Cross of the Order of the Republic of Hungary with Star in 2003. In 2016, he won the Széchenyi Prize and the Rising Sun Order of Merit. He won the Hungarian Corvin Chain in 2018 and the Civic Hungary Award in 2024.
# El corsario negro

El Corsario Negro ("The Black Corsair") is a 1944 Mexican film of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. It was directed by Chano Urueta and stars Pedro Armendariz, José Baviera, June Marlowe and Maria Luisa Zea. The film is based on the 1898 adventure novel The Black Corsair by Emilio Salgari. It is the story of a seventeenth-century pirate (Pedro Armendariz) who declares a ceaseless war against the injustice of a cruel governor (José Baviera) of Maracaibo. In the course of his struggle, he finds the love of a beautiful maiden (June Marlowe), and loses his childhood friend (Maria Luisa Zea).
The film was a major production that gained popularity with audiences in Mexico and Latin America, but received negative reviews from critics.
It is in the public domain in both Mexico and the United States.
# Parshevitsa

Parshevitsa (Bulgarian: Пършевица) is a ski resort in the Balkan Mountains of Bulgaria. Located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level, it is located 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Vratsa and 112 kilometers from the capital, Sofia.