OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Libertarianism in England

Libertarianism in England is a political philosophy promoting individual liberty.

## History
### Anglo Saxons

Anglo-Saxon England is cited by anarcho-capitalists and libertarians as an example of a prototype anarcho-capitalist society.

### English Civil War and Levellers

The Levellers are cited as an early libertarian movement, advocating for common law, legal equality, and government’s necessity to have the consent of the governed.

### 17th century

The natural rights philosophy of John Locke, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, is highly influential on libertarian thought. Locke's work is considered a founding document for natural rights-​based libertarianism.

### 18th century

Works by English philosophers such as John Locke were highly influential in the American Revolutionary War. Locke is often referred to as "the philosopher of the American Revolution" due to his work in the social contract and natural rights theories that underpinned the Revolution's political ideology. Locke's social contract influenced the Founders' belief in the right of the people to overthrow their leaders, should those leaders become tyrannical and betray the rights of Englishmen.

### 19th century

Auberon Herbert advocated a voluntary-funded government, coining the phrase voluntaryism. Hans-Hermann Hoppe, believes that Herbert "develops the Spencerian idea of equal freedom to its logically consistent anarcho-capitalist end".
Murray Rothbard wrote "The tradition of voluntarism was at its strongest in England. So strong was it that, not only was there no compulsory education in England until the late nineteenth century, but there was not even a public school system. Before the 1830s, the State did not interfere in education at all."

### 21st century

Libertarian ideology and philosophy played a role in the anti-lockdown movement in England in the 2020s.

## Organisations

* English Constitution Party
* Libertarian Alliance
* Liberty and Property Defence League
* Libertarian Party
* Society for Constitutional Information
* Society for Individual Freedom
* Society of Gentlemen Supporters of the Bill of Rights
* The Freedom Association
* UKIP
# Kamlesh Pandey

Kamlesh Pandey is an Indian screenwriter. He has won the Filmfare Awards for Tezaab, Star Screen Awards for Saudagar and IIFA Award for Rang De Basanti. He is from Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, and lives in Mumbai.

## Career
### Film

Pandey started writing films since 1987 and went on to write various blockbusters; till date he has written over 40 films. He is a member of Film Writers Association, Mumbai, Indian Documentary Producers Association and Uttar Pradesh Film Development Council. He Has been visiting faculty for teaching screenplay at Subhash Ghai's Whistlingwoods.

### Television

Pandey wrote cult investigative thriller Karamchand for Pankaj Parashar and social teleplays Kachchi Dhoop and Naqab for Amol Palekar.
In 1992, Pandey joined Zee TV as head of programming. He revived traditional Indian game shows like Antakshari and introduced new programs such as Tara, Campus, Banegi Apni Baat, Phillips Top Ten, Zee Horror Show, Shakti, Mere Ghar Aana Zindagi, and Filmi Chakkar. He left Zee TV in 1995.
Pandey won the Indian Television Academy Award 2007 for the Best Dialogue and Indian Telly Awards 2007 for the Best Screenplay and the Best Dialogue for Virrudh.
Pandey wrote Kuch Toh Log Kahenge aired on Sony TV since October 2011.

## Filmography

* Jalwa (1987)
* Tezaab (1988)
* ChaalBaaz (1989)
* Dil (1990)
* Saudagar (1991)
* Khalnayak (1993)
* Bhagyawan (1993)
* Shreemaan Aashique (1993)
* Jaan (1996)
* Itihaas (1997)
* Hameshaa (1998)
* Wajood (1998)
* Laawaris (1999)
* Shikari (2000)
* Farz (2001)
* Aks (2001)
* Janasheen (2003)
* Rang De Basanti (2006)
* Yuvvraaj (2008)
* Jazbaa (2015)
# Tina Orwall

Tina Louise Orwall (born April 3, 1965) is an American politician serving in the Washington State Senate. She previously served as the Speaker pro tempore of the Washington House of Representatives from 2017-2018 and from 2021-2024. A member of the Democratic Party, she was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 33rd district from 2009-2024, when she was appointed to the State Senate.

## Early life

Orwall was born in Florida. She graduated from Oak Harbor High School in 1983.

## Career

Orwall served as a clinical social worker focused on serving people with mental illness.
# Lacrimosa (Juan Luis Guerra song)

"Lacrimosa" is a song recorded by Dominican singer Juan Luis Guerra for his seventh studio album, Fogarate (1994), which was included as its seventh track. It was released to radio stations in Europe in 1994 and the United States in 1995 by Karen Records as a promotional single, following "Los Pajaritos". The track is a bachata that attempts as an interpretation of Mozart's Requiem.

## Track listing

* Europe CD-single (1994)
** Lacrimosa – 3:20
** Los Parajitos – 4:02

## Charts

| Chart (1995) | Peak position |
| US Contemporary Pop (Cashbox) | 17 |
# Alberto Lamar Schweyer

Alberto Lamar Schweyer was a Cuban journalist, essayist, and novelist, part of the "Generation of 1930," whose career left a significant imprint on early 20th-century Cuban literature and politics. He worked as a journalist and writer for Heraldo de Cuba, El Sol, Social, Carteles, Smart, Cuba Contemporánea, El País, Diario de la Marina, El Mundo, La Discusión and La Lucha.
In 1918, at only sixteen years old, he joined the editorial team of Heraldo de Cuba. By 1920, he was actively participating in Havana's intellectual circles, notably the gatherings at Café Martí, alongside contemporaries such as Rubén Martínez Villena and Juan Marinello. From 1921, his literary work began in the magazines Social and El Fígaro. In 1922, he was the editor-in-chief of Smart. In 1924 he moved to El Sol, where he eventually became the deputy director.
In 1923, Lamar Schweyer was present for the Protest of the Thirteen, the first significant event of the Cuban intellectual class, and was a signatory to the "Manifesto of the Group of 13." Initially a republican reformist aligned with the Grupo Minorista, a collective advocating for social and cultural reforms, Lamar Schweyer's political stance shifted following Gerardo Machado's rise to power in 1925. Lamar Schweyer served as Machado's Press Secretary. He became an apologist for Machado's regime, leading to his expulsion from the Grupo Minorista. His support for Machado was evident in his writings, including the book "Cómo cayó el Presidente Machado," (English: The Fall of President Machado), where he portrayed Machado as an unselfish patriot.
Lamar Schweyer's literary contributions include essays and novels that reflect his complex ideological positions. His novel "Vendaval en los cañaverales" ("Gale in the Cane Fields") offers a critical perspective on the Cuban aristocracy, intertwining themes of social hierarchy and the sugar industry's impact on Cuban society.
His essays often delved into sociological and philosophical topics, providing insights into the cultural and political dynamics of his time.
* This Cuban biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e

## Archived works

* Online Books Page archive
* Poeticus archive
* Life Begins Tomorrow
* Vendaval en los cañaverales
# Eisaku Satō (governor)

Eisaku Satō (佐藤 栄佐久, Satō Eisaku) (24 June 1939 - 19 March 2025) was a Japanese politician who served as the governor of Fukushima Prefecture of Japan from 1988 to 2006.
Sato was initially an enthusiastic supporter of nuclear power. Like his predecessors he appreciated the jobs and subsidies associated with the nuclear plants in the prefecture. He believed it was part of Fukushima playing a role in the Japanese nation as a whole. In 1998 he conditionally agreed the controversial use of mixed oxide plutonium uranium fuel (MOX) at the Fukushima plant, withdrawing his support after discovering a cover-up of reactor malfunctions and cracks.
Between 2002 and 2006 twenty-one problems at the Fukushima plant were reported to his office. The whistleblowers, including some employees at the plant, bypassed both Tepco and Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency because they feared that their information would go straight to Tepco. This was later shown to be a very justified fear. Sato became an increasingly bitter critic of the plant and Japan's entire energy policy as directed by NISA's powerful government overseer, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
In 2006 Sato was forced to step down and in 2008 was prosecuted and convicted on bribery charges. He claims the charges were politically motivated. Following the conviction he wrote a book of his experiences called Annihilating a Governor explaining his concerns about nuclear power and how he was set up and wrongfully convicted. The book was largely ignored until the events of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster sent it rocketing up the bestseller list.
# Giang Văn Minh

Giang Văn Minh (chữ Hán: 江文明, 1573 - 1638) was a Vietnamese mandarin and envoy of the Revival Lê dynasty.

## Biography

Giang Văn Minh has the courtesy name Quốc Hoa (國華), posthumous name Văn Trung Tiên Sinh (文忠先生). He was born on 6 September 1573 in the village of Đường Lâm near Sơn Tây. In 1628, he ranked third (Thám hoa) in the Imperial examination. In 1631, he was promoted to be an officer of the Thái bộc tự.

## Mission to Ming dynasty and death

In December 1637, he was appointed by the Lê Emperor as chief envoy of a diplomatic mission to the court of the Ming dynasty. At the time of his mission, although the Mạc dynasty had fled to Cao Bang, the Ming still recognized both dynasties with the aim of prolonging the Lê-Mạc war. Giang Văn Minh's mission arrived in Yanjing (now Beijing) in 1638. When the audience came, the Ming court still hesitated to abolish recognition to the Mạc Dynasty. The Ming Emperor bestowed the embassy a couplet as follows:
   銅柱至今苔已綠
   Đồng trụ chí kim đài dĩ lục
   The bronze pillars, now cloaked in verdant moss.
The bronze pillars refer to Ma Yuan's copper columns that were erected during Ma Yuan's suppression of the Trưng Sisters' uprising, implying that the Ming Dynasty was still controlling Dai Viet.
According to a 19th century genealogy of the Giang Family (Vietnamese: Giang Thị gia phả, chữ Hán: 江氏家譜), when faced with such arrogance, Giang Văn Minh boldly responded with the sentence:
   藤江自古血猶紅
   Đằng Giang tự cổ huyết do hồng
   Since ancient times, the waters of the Đằng River have run crimson with blood.
The line recalls the fact that the Vietnamese defeated various Chinese dynasties three times on the Bạch Đằng River. At that time, this couplet was considered a deep insult to the Ming Emperor, who ordered Giang Văn Minh to be killed and his belly cut open to see "how bold and daring the Annamese envoy was", then had his body embalmed with mercury and brought back to his country. When his body arrived at Thang Long Citadel, Emperor Lê Thần Tông and Lord Trịnh Tráng paid homage to his coffin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Left Minister of Public Works, and bestowed the sentence:
   使不辱君命、可謂千古英雄。
   Sứ bất nhục quân mệnh, khả vị thiên cổ anh hùng.
   An envoy who does not disgrace his sovereign’s mandate may be hailed as a hero for the ages.

## Family

* Parents: Giang Văn Tâm (father)
* Wife: Đỗ Thị
* Children: 2 sons (Giang Văn Trạch, Giang Văn Tôn) and 7 daughters
# Al-Maimouna District

31°24′00″N 46°44′00″E﻿ / ﻿31.4°N 46.73333°E﻿ / 31.4; 46.73333
Al-Maimouna District (Arabic: قضاء الميمونة) is a district of the Maysan Governorate, Iraq.
# Barwa Group

Barwa Group (QE: BRES) is a real estate company based in Doha, Qatar. Established in 2005, it is listed on the Qatar Exchange, with 45% of its shares held by the Qatar Investment Authority, via its Qatari Diar subsidiary. It is primarily active in real estate development and related financial services. It is Qatar's largest real estate group. It is chaired by Salah bin Ghanim Al Ali.

## Projects
### Mesaieed

In 2012, Barwa Group launched a construction project in the southern zone of Mesaieed to establish a large tourist resort over an area of 829 square metres (8,920 sq ft).

### Mesaimeer

In February 2009, a development project was launched in Mesaimeer, a district of Al Rayyan by Barwa Group. Entailed in the project are 1,000-capacity residential housing units, a supermarket, a nursery, and a mosque; all within a gated compound.

### Barwa Al Baraha

Barwa Group launched a project to construct Barwa Al Baraha, a city designed for laborers, in the Al Wakrah (municipality) at a budget of around $1.1 billion. The project was completed in 2010.

### Madinat Al Mawater

The Madinat Al Mawater project is located close to Rawdat Rashid area and Salwa Road. The project holds built-up area of around 167,072 square meters, which includes apartments, used-car lots, shops and workshops. The completion of phase one of the project was announced in March 2017.

### Other

Barwa has been a sponsor of the Spanish motorsport Addax Team.
# Justin Eichorn

Justin David Eichorn (born May 7, 1984) is an American politician and member of the Minnesota Senate. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, he represents District 6 in north-central Minnesota.

## Early life, education, and career

Eichorn attended Itasca Community College and Concordia University. He served on the Grand Rapids Housing and Redevelopment Authority.

## Minnesota Senate

Eichorn was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 2016. He ran for the Minnesota House of Representatives in District 5B in 2014, losing to incumbent Tom Anzelc.
On March 17, 2025, he was one of five Republican authors of a bill, SF2589-0, that would designate "Trump Derangement Syndrome" as an officially recognized mental illness in Minnesota.

## Personal life

Eichorn and his wife, Brittany, have four children and reside in Grand Rapids.

## March 2025 arrest

On March 17, 2025, Eichorn was arrested in Bloomington, Minnesota on suspicion of soliciting a minor for sex during a sting operation. His fellow Republican legislators have called on him to resign. As of 18 March 2025, he remains incarcerated at the Bloomington city jail.

## Electoral history

2014 Minnesota House of Representatives district 5B election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Democratic (DFL) | Tom Anzelc (incumbent) | 9,449 | 56.54 |
| | Republican | Justin Eichorn | 7,241 | 43.33 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 23 | 0.14 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 16,713 | 100% |
2016 Minnesota Senate district 5 election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Justin Eichorn | 20,240 | 50.59 |
| | Democratic (DFL) | Tom Saxhaug (incumbent) | 19,687 | 49.21 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 83 | 0.21 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 40,010 | 100% |
| | Republican gain from Democratic (DFL) | Republican gain from Democratic (DFL) | Republican gain from Democratic (DFL) | Republican gain from Democratic (DFL) |
2020 Minnesota Senate district 5 election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Justin Eichorn (incumbent) | 25,169 | 55.59 |
| | Democratic (DFL) | Rita Albrecht | 16,706 | 36.89 |
| | Legal Marijuana Now | Robyn Smith | 2,400 | 5.30 |
| | Grassroots—LC | Dennis Barsness | 967 | 2.14 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 38 | 0.08 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 45,280 | 100% |
2022 Minnesota Senate district 6 election :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| | Republican | Justin Eichorn (incumbent) | 26,218 | 63.50 |
| | Democratic (DFL) | Steve Samuelson | 15,045 | 36.44 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 26 | 0.06 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 41,289 | 100% |
# Obrocz

Obrocz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zwierzyniec, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) east of Zwierzyniec, 21 km (13 mi) south-west of Zamość, and 79 km (49 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## History

During the German occupation of Poland in World War II, on 28 October 1942, the German gendarmerie and Ukrainian Auxiliary Police committed a massacre of 28 Poles they accused of belonging to the Polish resistance movement and sheltering partisans. Among the 22 identified victims were men and women between the ages of 15 and 62. After the war, the remains were exhumed and buried at the cemetery in Zwierzyniec, and a memorial was unveiled at the site of the massacre.
# Rob Vaughn

Robert Earl Vaughn (born July 7, 1987) is an American baseball coach and former catcher. He is the current head baseball coach at Alabama. He previously served as head coach at Maryland from 2018 to 2023. He played college baseball at Kansas State University from 2006 to 2009 for coach Brad Hill before pursuing a professional career from 2009 to 2010.

## Coaching career

On June 22, 2017, Vaughn was named head coach for Maryland. In July 2021, he signed a five-year contract extension with Maryland. During the 2022 NCAA Division I baseball season, Vaughn led Maryland to a 44–10 record, the program’s best regular season in program history. He was subsequently named the Big Ten Coach of the Year. During the 2023 NCAA Division I baseball season, he led Maryland to a 42–19 record, the regular season and Big Ten tournament championship, their first tournament championship in program history. He was subsequently named the Big Ten Coach of the Year for the second consecutive year.
On June 12, 2023, he was named head coach for Alabama.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview :
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| Maryland Terrapins (Big Ten Conference) (2018–2023) ||||||
| 2018 | Maryland | 24–30 | 9–14 | 9th | |
| 2019 | Maryland | 29–29 | 12–12 | T-6th | |
| 2020 | Maryland | 10–5 | 0–0 | | Season canceled due to COVID-19 |
| 2021 | Maryland | 30–18 | 28–16 | 2nd | NCAA Regional |
| 2022 | Maryland | 48–14 | 18–5 | 1st | NCAA Regional |
| 2023 | Maryland | 42–19 | 17–7 | 1st | NCAA Regional |
| Maryland: | Maryland: | 183–115 (.614) | 84–54 (.609) | | |
| Alabama Crimson Tide (Southeastern Conference) (2024–present) ||||||
| 2024 | Alabama | 33–24 | 13–17 | T–4th (West) | NCAA Regional |
| 2025 | Alabama | 21–1 | 0–0 | | |
| Alabama: | Alabama: | 54–25 (.684) | 13–17 (.433) | | |
| Total: | Total: | 237–140 (.629) | | | |
| National champion   Postseason invitational champion   Conference regular season champion   Conference regular season and conference tournament champion  Division regular season champion  Division regular season and conference tournament champion  Conference tournament champion ||||||
# Scranton State School for the Deaf

Scranton State School for the Deaf (SSSD) was a residential school for the deaf established in 1880 in Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States. Its students ranged in age from birth to 21. At the end of the 2008–09 school year, the school was turned over from state management to the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf. The new school was renamed Scranton School for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children.

## History

Reverend Jacob Koehler established the school in 1880. In 1913, by authority of a state legislative act, the Commonwealth took control of the school renaming it the Pennsylvania State Oral School for the Deaf. It was subsequently renamed the Scranton State School for the Deaf in 1976.
The passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975 by the federal government categorized state-operated schools as SSSD as not as preferred compared to local school districts providing education for the deaf. SSSD superintendent James Fricke stated that this could make the school unviable.
In 1979 consultant Dr. Neal V. Musmano argued that SSSD should add a junior college department that grants associate degrees.
In 2009 Governor of Pennsylvania Ed Rendell proposed a budget which would remove all funding for the school. Area state representatives opposed this.
Times Leader argued that lawmakers should study carefully the merits of the institution and whether it should be closed before making a decision.

## Campus

The school campus was in the Green Ridge portion of Scranton and had 10 acres (4.0 ha) of space.

## Demographics

In 2009 the school had 107 students and 75 employees.

## Campus

The school had boarding facilities.

## Curriculum

By 1979 the school had two computers for deaf education, with each worth $150,000. They had basic mathematics and reading comprehension programs for elementary students and higher levels for secondary and adult students.
By 1979 the school launched an early intervention program to detect hearing loss in infants, called the Parent-Infant program.

## Extracurricular activities

Scranton State School for the Deaf athletic teams, known as the Bears, compete in basketball, softball, cross country, soccer, and cheerleading in Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association and Eastern Schools for the Deaf Athletic Association competition.

## Former superintendents

Dr. Victor H. Galloway (1979-1981)
Dr. Dorothy S. Bambach (1988 - 2006)
* Dr. Monita Hara (2007–2009) - Hara criticized the closure of the school and resigned to avoid getting suspended in retaliation.
# A Kobza Workshop (film)

A Kobza Workshop (Ukrainian: Кобзарський цех, romanized: Kobzarskyy tsekhcode: ukr promoted to code: uk ) is a Ukrainian dramatic short film from 2018, directed by Viktor Pryduvalov and produced by the company Babylon with the support of Ukrainian State Film Agency.

## Plot

The brothers of the Kobza Workshop set off into the forest to find a tree for crafting a kobza, a traditional Ukrainian musical instrument. Meanwhile, the daughter of one of the brothers, Nastunya, has lost her voice following her mother's death, and hums her melodies. All stages of construction of the kobza are depicted, and when it is completed, the brothers travel to a concert held in honor of ATO soldiers. During the performance, a miracle occurs—Nastunya regains her voice and sings for the first time since her loss.

## Cast

* Taras Kompanichenko — Taras, a brother of the kobzar workshop
* Anastasiia Bahinska — Nastunya, girl
* Kyrylo Taranenko — Slavko, boy
* Oleh Drach — the SUV driver
* Ivan Kushnir — as Ivan, a brother of the Kobza Workshop
* Vasyl Zhovanyk – as Vasyl, a brother of the Kobza Workshop

## Crew

* Viktor Pryduvalov – director, film editor
* Nataliia Rudiuk – screenwriter
* Eugene Kredentser – cinematographer
* Zinaida Kubar – production designer
* Eugene Petrusenko – sound director
* Taras Kompanichenko (Khorea Kozatska) – composer
* Serhii Pivnenko – cinematographer
* Viktor Sema – film director
* Andrii Rizol – producer
* Sviatoslav Rizol – producer

## Competitive Selections

* Shahu International Short Film Festival (India), March 2019
* III International Film Festival "BRUKIVKA" (Ukraine), September 2019
* "Cinema and you" International Film Festival (Ukraine), September 2019
* "Kinomarshrut" Cinema-Media Festival (Ukraine), October 2019

## Non-Competitive Programs / Special Screenings

* Kobzar Art Festival "Kobzarska Triytsia" (Ukraine), June 2018
* Yuriy Illienko Kaniv International Film Festival (Ukraine), May 2019
* Kyiv International Film Festival "Molodist" (Ukraine), May 2019
* "Ukrainian Cinema for the Front" Tour, May, July 2019
* "Kinobuket" Film Festival (Ukraine), August 2019.

## Nominations and rewards

National Short Film on the BRUKIVKA International Film Festival (September, 2019).
# Te Kere Ngatai-e-rua

Te Kere Ngatai-e-rua (?–1901) was a notable New Zealand tohunga. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Ati Haunui-a-Paparangi iwi.