# Von der Leyen Commission II

The Second von der Leyen Commission is the current European Commission, in office since 1 December 2024. It consists of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen, its president, who is from Germany.
The Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November with 51% of the majority, the least supported European Commission by the Parliament since 1993, when it was given the right to vote on the college.

## College of Commissioners

Von der Leyen Commission II :
| Portfolio | Name | EU Party (N. Party) | Member state | Took office |
| President of the European Commission | Ursula von der Leyen | EPP (CDU) | Germany | 1 December 2024 |
| Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition | Teresa Ribera | PES (PSOE) | Spain | 1 December 2024 |
| Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies | Henna Virkkunen | EPP (Kok) | Finland | 1 December 2024 |
| Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Industry, SMEs, and the Single Market | Stéphane Séjourné | Independent (RE) | France | 1 December 2024 |
| Vice President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | Kaja Kallas | ALDE (ER) | Estonia | 1 December 2024 |
| Executive Vice-President and European Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs, and Social Rights | Roxana Mînzatu | PES (PSD) | Romania | 1 December 2024 |
| Executive Vice-President and European Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development, and Cities | Raffaele Fitto | ECR (FdI) | Italy | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations, and Transparency | Maroš Šefčovič | PES (susp.) (Smer) | Slovakia | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Economy and Productivity, Implementation and Simplification | Valdis Dombrovskis | EPP (V) | Latvia | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism | Apostolos Tzitzikostas | EPP (ND) | Greece | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration | Magnus Brunner | EPP (ÖVP) | Austria | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation | Ekaterina Zaharieva | EPP (GERB) | Bulgaria | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Agriculture and Food | Christophe Hansen | EPP (CSV) | Luxembourg | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Climate, Net-Zero and Clean Growth | Wopke Hoekstra | EPP (CDA) | Netherlands | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration | Piotr Serafin | EPP (PO) | Poland | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Environment, Water Resilience, and a Competitive Circular Economy | Jessika Roswall | EPP (M) | Sweden | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union | Maria Luís Albuquerque | EPP (PSD) | Portugal | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans | Costas Kadis | Independent | Cyprus | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Preparedness, Crisis Management, and Equality | Hadja Lahbib | ALDE (MR) | Belgium | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture, and Sport | Glenn Micallef | PES (PL) | Malta | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Energy and Housing | Dan Jørgensen | PES (S) | Denmark | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Enlargement | Marta Kos | Independent | Slovenia | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Mediterranean | Dubravka Šuica | EPP (HDZ) | Croatia | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare | Olivér Várhelyi | Independent | Hungary | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for International Partnerships | Jozef Síkela | Independent (STAN) | Czech Republic | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Defence and Space | Andrius Kubilius | EPP (TS-LKD) | Lithuania | 1 December 2024 |
| European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, and the Rule of Law | Michael McGrath | ALDE (FF) | Ireland | 1 December 2024 |

### Structure of the College

The second Ursula von der Leyen commission will be organized on three levels:
* president;
* executive vice presidents;
* commissioners.
Regardless of the three-level structure of the commission, the president of the commission emphasized that all commissioners share collective responsibility for decisions made by the Commission.

#### Commissioner groups

According to portfolios the commissioner groups will be as following:
President
* Commissioner for Equality
* Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification
* Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight
* Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration
Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
* Commissioner for Enlargement
* Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
* Commissioner for the Mediterranean
* Commissioner for International Partnerships
Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy (Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies)
* Commissioner for Defence and Space
* Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration
* Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law
* Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy (Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market)
* Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
* Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security
* Commissioner for Economy and Productivity
* Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union
Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms (Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities)
* Commissioner for Enlargement
* Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans
* Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism
* Commissioner for Agriculture and Food
Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness (Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights)
* Commissioner for Mediterranean
* Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
* Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport
* Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare
Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition (Commissioner for Competition)
* Commissioner for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth
* Commissioner for Environment, Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy
* Commissioner for Energy and Housing
* Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare

## Formation
### Election of the President of the Commission

To be elected Commission President, a candidate must be proposed by the European Council with a reinforced qualified majority (at least 72% of the states representing at least 65% of the population) and receive a majority of the votes of the members of the European Parliament (at least 361 out of 720).
On 17 June, an "informal meeting" of the European Council was held, where the heads of state and government discussed the next institutional cycle and their candidate for the Commission presidency. On 25 June, negotiators from the EPP (Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Donald Tusk), PES (Pedro Sánchez and Olaf Scholz) and Renew Europe (Emmanuel Macron and Mark Rutte) reached a preliminary agreement on the nominations.
On 27 June, during the European Council meeting, national leaders proposed Ursula von der Leyen (EPP) as candidate for President of the European Commission, after being named the European People's Party nominee in March 2024. Hungary's Viktor Orban voted against von der Leyen and abstained on Kallas. Italy's Giorgia Meloni abstained from the vote on von der Leyen but voted against Costa and Kallas for their posts.
Proposal by the European Council Required majority: at least 72% of the states representing at least 65% of the population :
| Public voting indication | Member states of the European Union |
| In favour 25 / 27 | Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden |
| Against 1 / 27 | Hungary |
| Abstained 1 / 27 | Italy |
In the following weeks, von der Leyen had bilateral meetings with EPP, S&D, Renew, G/EFA and ECR groups to gather support for her re-election. On 18 July, she presented to the European Parliament her "Political Guidelines", followed by a debate with MEPs. Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected president of the European Commission in a secret ballot, with 401 votes in favour, 284 against, and 22 cast blank or invalid votes.
Election by the European Parliament :
| Required majority 360 out of 719 Y | Required majority 360 out of 719 Y | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) | Public voting indication (individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret) |
| Required majority 360 out of 719 Y | Required majority 360 out of 719 Y | The Left | S&D | Greens/EFA | Renew | EPP | ECR | Patriots | ESN | NI |
| Position | Position | 46 | 136 | 53 | 77 | 188 | 78 | 84 | 25 | 32 |
| Position | Position | Against N | In favour Y | In favour Y | In favour Y | In favour Y | Free vote Ng | Against N | Against N |
| | In favour 401 / 719 | | 81 or more PD (21) PSOE (20) SPD (14) PSD (11) S (5) SPÖ (5) PvdA (4) SDP (4) Vooruit (2) | 39 or more Grüne (12) Volt (5) GL (4) EV (4) SF (3) MP (3) Grüne (2) Vihr (2) DSVL (1) Piráti (1) Groen (1) Možemo! (1) | 18 or more MR (3) ADU (3) PP (2) NEOS (2) C (2) GS (1) LP (1) OVLD (1) LE (1) L (1) EAJ-PNV (1) | 97 or more CDU (23) PP (22) FI (8) PNL (8) CSU (6) HDZ (6) ÖVP (5) FG (4) M (4) TS-LKD (3) CD&V (2) TOP 09 (2) Isamaa (1+) DSB (1) NSi (1) KD (1) KDU-ČSL (1) ÖDP (1) | 5 or more N-VA (3) ODS (2) | | | |
| | Against 284 / 719 | 25 or more M5S (8) SF (2) PTB/PVDA (2) Linke (2) SI (2) V (2) Podemos (2) EL (1) PCP (1) Flanagan (1) SMR (1) EH Bildu (1) Rackete (1) | 4 or more BSP (1+) DIKO (1) SD (1) Labour (1) | 11 or more EELV (5) Vesna (1) Ecolo (1) ERC (1) Més (1) BNG (1) Comuns (1) | 14 or more FDP (5) FF (4) FW (3) II (1) McNamara (1) | 10 or more LR (6) SDS (4) | Large majority (self-declared) FdI (24) PiS (18) AUR (5) SD (3) IND (3) ADR (1) LVŽS (1) DP (1) ITN (1) SGP (1) MC (1) Madison (1) | 58 or more RN (30) Lega (8) FPÖ (6) ANO (6) Vox (6) VB (3) CH (2) Přísaha (1) Turek (1) KDNP (1) | All 25 AfD (14) Vaz (3) NN (3) REP (1) MHM (1) REC (1) TTS (1) SPD (1) | All 32 BSW (6) Smer (5) SALF (3) KKE (2) SOS RO (2) RN (2) Panayiotou (1) KSČM (1) SD–SN (1) REP (1) Hlas (1) NIKI (1) PE (1) KKP (1) PdF (1) PARTEI (1) AfD (1) |
| | Blank or Void 22 / 719 | | 2 or more • PS (2) | | | | 1 or more • ODS (1) | | | |
| | Non Voting 12 / 719 |
| Total : 719 | Total : 719 | 46 | 136 | 53 | 77 | 188 | 78 | 84 | 25 | 32 |

### Selection of the Commissioners

The President-elect of the European Union invites the member states to nominate commissioners in accordance with the rules set out in the Treaty on the European Union and by the European Council. The President-elect decides on the organisation of their Commission, reviews the nominees, and presents a college of Commissioners, with each nominated Commissioner being responsible for a specific policy portfolio. The President-elect also appoints Vice Presidents among the Commissioners The President-elect's proposed College of Commissioners is reviewed by the European Parliament in committee hearings.

#### Commissioner candidates

On 25 July 2024, President-elect Ursula von der Leyen sent the letters to member states asking them to officially nominate candidates for the post of European Commissioner before 30 August 2024. As she did with her first commission, von der Leyen called for member states to each nominate two candidates for the European Commission, a woman and a man. However, Bulgaria is the only country to have followed Von der Leyen's request. All the other leaders of EU member states have each nominated only one candidate, and most of them are men. Romania originally put forward socialist MEP Victor Negrescu but later put forward MEP Roxana Mînzatu, switching a male nominee for a female nominee.
Percentage of Commissioners nominee by gender :
| Male | Male | 59.3% (16) | 59.3% (16) |
| Female | Female | 40.7% (11) | 40.7% (11) |
Percentage of Commissioners nominee by European political party :
| EPP | EPP | 48.1% (13) | 48.1% (13) |
| PES | PES | 18.5% (5) | 18.5% (5) |
| Ind. | Ind. | 14.8% (5) | 14.8% (5) |
| ALDE | ALDE | 11.1% (3) | 11.1% (3) |
| ECR | ECR | 3.7% (1) | 3.7% (1) |
On 17 September 2024, Ursula von der Leyen announced in a press conference the college of commissioners and their portfolios. The share of women in the proposed commission is 40.7%, down from 44.4 percent in 2019. The average age of the new Commission nominees is 52, dropping from 56 in 2019. In terms of structure, there are six Executive Vice-Presidents, down from 7 (with 3 executive vice-presidents) in 2019. The proposed College includes five returning commissioners: three of them are for a second mandate (Šuica, Várhelyi, Hoekstra), while Dombrovskis would return for a third term, and Šefčovič for a fourth term. The portfolio repartition reflects the declared priorities, with a strong focus on competitiveness, industrial policy and defence.
On 19 September 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted, by common accord with the President-elect of the Commission, the list of persons whom it proposes for appointment as members of the Commission to the European Parliament.
Commissioner nominees by member state :
| Commissioner | Commissioner | Commissioner | Commissioner | Commissioner | Commissioner | Commissioner | Hearing | Hearing | Hearing | Ref. |
| Name | Name | Gender | EU Party (N. Party) | EU Party (N. Party) | Member state | Assigned Portfolio | Date | Committee | Decision | Ref. |
| Magnus Brunner | | M | | EPP (ÖVP) | Austria | Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration | 5 November 2024 | LIBE DEVE | Confirmed | |
| Hadja Lahbib | | F | | ALDE (MR) | Belgium | Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management Commissioner for Equality | 6 November 2024 | DEVE FEMM LIBE ENVI EMPL SANT | Confirmed | |
| Ekaterina Zaharieva | | F | | EPP (GERB) | Bulgaria | Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation | 5 November 2024 | ITRE CULT | Confirmed | |
| Dubravka Šuica | | F | | EPP (HDZ) | Croatia | Commissioner for Mediterranean | 5 November 2024 | AFET EMPL LIBE DROI | Confirmed | |
| Costas Kadis | | M | | Ind. | Cyprus | Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans | 6 November 2024 | PECH ENVI | Confirmed | |
| Jozef Síkela | | M | | Ind. (STAN) | Czech Republic | Commissioner for International Partnerships | 6 November 2024 | DEVE AFET FEMM INTA LIBE | Confirmed | |
| Dan Jørgensen | | M | | PES (S) | Denmark | Commissioner for Energy and Housing | 5 November 2024 | ITRE EMPL ENVI REGI IMCO ECON | Confirmed | |
| Kaja Kallas | | F | | ALDE (ER) | Estonia | Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | 12 November 2024 | AFET DEVE INTA FEMM DROI SEDE | Confirmed | |
| Henna Virkkunen | | F | | EPP (Kok) | Finland | Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy and Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies | 12 November 2024 | ITRE IMCO LIBE JURI SEDE CULT | Confirmed | |
| Stéphane Séjourné | | M | | ALDE (RE) | France | Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy and Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market | 12 November 2024 | ITRE IMCO ENVI ECON INTA EMPL BUDG JURI | Confirmed | |
| Ursula von der Leyen | | F | | EPP (CDU) | Germany | President | Elected by the European Parliament on 18 July 2024 | Elected by the European Parliament on 18 July 2024 | Elected by the European Parliament on 18 July 2024 | |
| Apostolos Tzitzikostas | | M | | EPP (ND) | Greece | Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism | 4 November 2024 | TRAN ENVI | Confirmed | |
| Olivér Várhelyi | | M | | Ind. | Hungary | Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare | 6 November 2024 | ENVI AGRI ITRE SANT | Confirmed | |
| Michael McGrath | | M | | ALDE (FF) | Ireland | Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law | 4 November 2024 | LIBE IMCO JURI AFCO CULT BUDG CONT FEMM | Confirmed | |
| Raffaele Fitto | | M | | ECR (FdI) | Italy | Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms and Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities | 12 November 2024 | REGI TRAN BUDG PECH EMPL ECON | Confirmed | |
| Valdis Dombrovskis | | M | | EPP (V) | Latvia | Commissioner for Economy and Productivity Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification | 7 November 2024 | ECON JURI BUDG AFCO EMPL IMCO FISC | Confirmed | |
| Andrius Kubilius | | M | | EPP (TS–LKD) | Lithuania | Commissioner for Defence and Space | 6 November 2024 | AFET ITRE TRAN SEDE | Confirmed | |
| Christophe Hansen | | M | | EPP (CSV) | Luxembourg | Commissioner for Agriculture and Food | 4 November 2024 | AGRI PECH ENVI | Confirmed | |
| Glenn Micallef | | M | | PES (PL) | Malta | Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport | 4 November 2024 | CULT EMPL LIBE JURI | Confirmed | |
| Wopke Hoekstra | | M | | EPP (CDA) | Netherlands | Commissioner for Climate, Net-Zero and Clean Growth | 7 November 2024 | ENVI ITRE ECON TRAN EMPL FISC | Confirmed | |
| Piotr Serafin | | M | | EPP (PO) | Poland | Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration | 7 November 2024 | BUDG CONT LIBE JURI | Confirmed | |
| Maria Luís Albuquerque | | F | | EPP (PSD) | Portugal | Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union | 6 November 2024 | ECON IMCO LIBE | Confirmed | |
| Roxana Mînzatu | | F | | PES (PSD) | Romania | Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness and Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights | 12 November 2024 | EMPL CULT FEMM LIBE | Confirmed | |
| Maroš Šefčovič | | M | | PES (susp.) (Smer) | Slovakia | Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency | 4 November 2024 | INTA AFCO AFET IMCO PETI DEVE JURI | Confirmed | |
| Marta Kos | | F | | Ind. | Slovenia | Commissioner for Enlargement | 7 November 2024 | AFET LIBE AFCO DROI | Confirmed | |
| Teresa Ribera | | F | | PES (PSOE) | Spain | Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition and Commissioner for Competitiveness | 12 November 2024 | ENVI ECON ITRE IMCO EMPL TRAN REGI AGRI | Confirmed | |
| Jessika Roswall | | F | | EPP (M) | Sweden | Commissioner for Environment, Water Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy | 5 November 2024 | ENVI IMCO ITRE AGRI | Confirmed | |
| Hearings: Responsible Committee Invited Committee |||||||||||

#### Hearings

According to the Rule 129 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the confirmation hearings are conducted by the appropriate committee or committees for each commissioner. According to the Annex VII of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the parliament has to evaluate Commissioners-designate based on their general competence, European commitment and personal independence. It has to assess knowledge of their prospective portfolio and their communication skills. Historically, the European Parliament has rejected at least one candidate during every mandate since 2004.
On 3 October 2024, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament agreed on the calendar for the hearings to be held from 4 to 12 November, and decided on the division of responsibilities among committees for the confirmation hearings.

### Election of the Commission

The College of Commissioners are subjected to the confirmation by a majority of the votes cast by the European Parliament. On 27 November, the new Commission was approved by Parliament, with 370 MEPs voting in favour, 282 against, and 36 abstentions. This corresponds to a 51 % majority of all members, the least supported European Commission by the Parliament since 1993, when it was given the right to vote on the college., and fewer than the 401 MEPs who voted for the election of the Ursula Von der Leyen as Commission President.
Strasbourg, 27 November 2024 – simple majority required :
| Ballot | Votes | Votes | Votes | Percentage |
| 1 | | In favour | 370 / 719 | 53,8 % |
| 1 | | Against | 282 / 719 | 40,9 % |
| 1 | | Abstained | 36 / 719 | 5,2 % |
| 1 | Total votes | Total votes | 688 | 95,7 % |
After being approved by the Parliament, the Commission was formally appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority, on 28 November. It subsequently assumed office on 1 December 2024.

## Policy
### European Green Deal

The European Green Deal, approved in 2020, is a set of policy initiatives by the Von der Leyen Commission with the overarching aim of making the European Union climate neutral in 2050. In November 2024, Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition, Teresa Ribera, expressed support for the European Green Deal and the green transition. She said in an interview with El Pais: "Ursula Von der Leyen has given me a vice presidency: It's a signal that [the green agenda] remains a priority. Environmental transition is one of the great engines of the approaching economic and industrial transformation." In December 2024, Ribera warned that the Commission would not postpone the ban on the sale of combustion engine cars in the EU after 2035.
On 26 February 2025, the Commission announced a collection of measures backed by 100 billion euros ($104.94 billion) to support EU-made clean manufacturing, called the Clean Industrial Deal. Ribera said that "By 2030, the EU’s renewable targets alone will generate over 3.5 million new jobs in the renewable sector. But this transition means change — some sectors will need to face challenging circumstances."

### Foreign issues

In November 2024, the candidate for the post of High Representative for Foreign Policy, Kaja Kallas, stated that the People's Republic of China must pay a "higher cost" for its support of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In February 2025, Kallas again condemned China, saying that "Without China’s support, Russia would not be able to continue its military aggression with the same force. China is the largest provider of dual-use goods and sensitive items that sustain Russia’s military-industrial base and that are found on the battlefield in Ukraine."
On 20 February 2025, Kallas expressed doubts about US President Donald Trump's attempts to negotiate a peace deal in the Russia-Ukraine war, warning that "if we are giving everything on the plate to the aggressor, it sends a signal to all the aggressors in the world that you can do this."
On 24 February 2025, Kallas met with Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar in Brussels for the first formal talks between Israel and the EU since the Gaza war. The European Commission rejected a request from Ireland and Spain to review the EU–Israel Association Agreement.
In January 2025, European Commissioner Hadja Lahbib met with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, the leader of the Sunni Islamist group Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham. On 8 March 2025, the EEAS condemned attacks "by pro-Assad elements" on Syrian government forces during clashes in western Syria. On 17 March 2025, the European Union pledged €2.5 billion in aid for the Syrian transitional government.

### Defense industry

On 4 March 2025, Ursula von der Leyen announced the EU's €800 billion ($840 billion) defence investment plan "ReArm Europe". She suggested that the European Union might need to ease its fiscal rules regarding national debt to facilitate increased defense spending by member states.