# Solubility chart

A solubility chart is a chart describing whether the ionic compounds formed from different combinations of cations and anions dissolve in or precipitate from solution.

## Chart

The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate. For compounds with multiple hydrates, the solubility of the most soluble hydrate is shown.
Some compounds, such as nickel oxalate, will not precipitate immediately even though they are insoluble, requiring a few minutes to precipitate out.
Key :
| S | highly soluble or miscible | ≥20 g/L |
| sS | slightly soluble | 0.1~20 g/L |
| I | relatively insoluble | <0.1 g/L |
| R | reacts with or in water | — |
| ? | unavailable | — |
| Ions names and symbols | Halogens | Halogens | Halogens | Halogens | Halogens | Chalcogens | Chalcogens | Chalcogens | Chalcogens | Pnictogens | Pnictogens | Crystallogens | Crystallogens | Crystallogens | Crystallogens | Crystallogens |
| Ions names and symbols | Fluoride F$^−$ | Chloride Cl$^−$ | Bromide Br$^−$ | Iodide I$^−$ | Perchlorate ClO$^−$ $_4$ | Oxide O$^{2−}$ | Hydroxide OH$^−$ | Sulfide S$^{2−}$ | Sulfate SO$^{2−}$ $_4$ | Nitrate NO$^−$ $_3$ | Phosphate PO$^{3−}$ $_4$ | Carbonate CO$^{2−}$ $_3$ | Cyanide CN$^−$ | Thiocyanate SCN$^−$ | Acetate C $_2$H $_3$O$^−$ $_2$ | Oxalate C $_2$O$^{2−}$ $_4$ |
| Hydrogen H$^+$ | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | sS | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Ammonium NH$^+$ $_4$ | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Lithium Li$^+$ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | sS | sS | S | S | S | S |
| Sodium Na$^+$ | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Potassium K$^+$ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Rubidium Rb$^+$ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Caesium Cs$^+$ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
| Beryllium Be$^{2+}$ | S | S | S | R | S | I | I | R | S | S | I | sS | R | S | S | S |
| Magnesium Mg$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | I | R | S | S | I | sS | R | S | S | sS |
| Calcium Ca$^{2+}$ | I | S | S | S | S | R | sS | R | sS | S | I | I | R | S | S | sS |
| Strontium Sr$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | sS | R | sS | S | sS | I | S | S | S | I |
| Barium Ba$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | I | S | I | sS | S | S | S | I |
| Aluminium Al$^{3+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | S | S | I | R | R | S | S | I |
| Gallium Ga$^{3+}$ | I | S | S | R | S | I | I | R | sS | S | I | R | R | S | S | ? |
| Manganese(II) Mn$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | I |
| Iron(II) Fe$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | sS |
| Cobalt(II) Co$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I |
| Nickel(II) Ni$^{2+}$ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I |
| Copper(II) Cu$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | ? | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | I | S | I |
| Zinc Zn$^{2+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I |
| Cadmium Cd$^{2+}$ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | sS | sS | S | I |
| Mercury(II) Hg$^{2+}$ | R | S | sS | I | S | I | I | I | R | S | I | I | S | sS | S | sS |
| Vanadium(III) V$^{3+}$ | I | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | sS | S | I | ? | ? | S | ? | ? |
| Chromium(III) Cr$^{3+}$ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | ? |
| Iron(III) Fe$^{3+}$ | S | S | S | R | S | I | I | I | S | S | sS | R | S | S | S | sS |
| Gold(III) Au$^{3+}$ | R | S | sS | ? | ? | I | I | I | ? | ? | I | I | S | ? | sS | ? |
| Tin(II) Sn$^{2+}$ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | ? | I | I | ? | I | R | sS |
| Lead(II) Pb$^{2+}$ | sS | sS | sS | sS | S | I | sS | I | I | S | I | I | sS | sS | S | I |
| Silver Ag$^+$ | S | I | I | I | S | I | I | I | sS | S | I | I | I | I | sS | I |
| Mercury(I) Hg$^{2+}$ $_2$ | R | I | I | I | S | I | ? | ? | sS | S | ? | I | II | ? | S | ? |
| | Fluoride F$^−$ | Chloride Cl$^−$ | Bromide Br$^−$ | Iodide I$^−$ | Perchlorate ClO$^−$ $_4$ | Oxide O$^{2−}$ | Hydroxide OH$^−$ | Sulfide S$^{2−}$ | Sulfate SO$^{2−}$ $_4$ | Nitrate NO$^−$ $_3$ | Phosphate PO$^{3−}$ $_4$ | Carbonate CO$^{2−}$ $_3$ | Cyanide CN$^−$ | Thiocyanate SCN$^−$ | Acetate C $_2$H $_3$O$^−$ $_2$ | Oxalate C $_2$O$^{2−}$ $_4$ |