# 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections

The 2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections will be the 37th lower house elections in the Philippines, scheduled to be held on May 12, 2025, within the 2025 Philippine general election. All 317 seats in the House of Representatives will be contested in the election, including one seat for each of the 254 congressional districts in the country and 63 seats representing party-lists apportioned on a nationwide vote.

## Background

In the 2022 election, parties aligned with the UniTeam Alliance and eventual president Bongbong Marcos secured a supermajority of seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. Political observers noted that among those elected to the chamber, most came from "wealthy and influential families", which was associated with the vote-buying incidents observed in the election.
Upon the opening of the 19th Congress of the Philippines, Representative Martin Romualdez of Leyte's 1st district, a cousin of President Marcos, was elected as the speaker of the House of Representatives unopposed. Media outlets have noted that a number of positions in the house leadership were assigned to representatives related to the Marcos family, including senior deputy majority leader Sandro Marcos, the son of President Marcos, and chair of the accounts committee Yedda Marie Romualdez, the wife of Speaker Romualdez.

## Electoral system

The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there are 317 seats in the House of Representatives; 254 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives.
Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats. The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up. The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the three-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; and encourage sectors to up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party.
Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.

## Redistricting

In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution.
New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.

### Changes from the previous Congress

These are the districts, not contested in 2022, created by the 18th Congress that were either signed by then-President Rodrigo Duterte or approved by lapse:
* Division of Maguindanao to Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur
** Maguindanao's 1st congressional district and Talitay (formerly Sultan Sumagka, part of the 2nd district) becomes the at-large district of the newly-created province of Maguindanao del Norte.
** The rest of the municipalities included in Maguindanao's 2nd congressional district becomes the at-large district of the newly-created province of Maguindanao del Sur.
** Enacted as Republic Act No. 11550
** Approved in a plebiscite on September 17, 2022
* Reapportionment of Agusan del Norte's 1st and 2nd districts
** Agusan del Norte's 2nd district and Las Nieves (part of the 1st district) becomes Agusan del Norte's at-large district.
** Butuan (part of the 1st district) becomes its own at-large district
** Enacted as Republic Act No. 11714.
* Division of South Cotabato's 2nd district to 2 districts
** Koronadal and its bordering municipalities shall remain as South Cotabato's 2nd district, while the westernmost municipalities shall become the third district.
** General Santos, the old 3rd district, becomes its own at-large district
** Enacted as Republic Act No. 11804.

### Changes from the outgoing Congress

* No redistricting laws were passed by the 19th Congress.

### Other changes made

A Supreme Court decision regarding the Makati–Taguig boundary dispute, and the creation of new municipalities from the Special Geographic Area of the Bangsamoro caused changes in congressional apportionment.
* Reapportionment of Taguig/Pateros's 1st and 2nd districts, and Makati's 2nd district
** The three barangays remaining in Makati's jurisdiction after the Supreme Court awarded Taguig the 10 EMBO barangays after winning the Fort Bonifacio boundary dispute shall be retained as Makati's 2nd district.
** The EMBO barangays now under the jurisdiction of Taguig were originally not allocated to any congressional district by the COMELEC.
** The COMELEC later adopted a resolution by the Taguig City Council reapportioning the EMBO barangays to its 2 districts with Pateros, with the barangays solely bordering Pateros (Comembo, Pembo and Rizal) going to the 1st district, while the other seven barangays going to the 2nd district.
* Reapportionment of Cotabato's 1st and 3rd districts
** The Special Geographic Area that is still formally within Cotabato has been removed by the COMELEC from its congressional representation after the approval of incorporation of 8 new municipalities in plebiscites held in 2024. Because of this, the Bangsamoro asked Congress to create a new province out of the 8 new municipalities.

### Summary of changes

On June 21, 2024, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) confirmed that there will be 254 congressional districts to be contested in the election and 63 seats apportioned among the party-lists.
| Category | Total |
| Congressional districts in the current Congress | 253 |
| New districts from redistricting laws from previous Congress | 1 |
| Congressional districts in the next Congress | 254 |
| Party-list seats for the next Congress | 63 |
| Total seats for the next Congress | 317 |

## Participating parties

In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is although the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.
In the 19th Congress, the majority bloc is aligned with the administration of President Marcos.

### In congressional districts

Parties in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines :
| Party | Party | 2022 results | 2022 results | Seats before the election | Seats before the election | Bloc membership | Bloc membership | Political affiliation | Political affiliation | Political affiliation | Political affiliation |
| Party | Party | Votes | Seat(s) won | Seats | Change | Majority | Minority | 2022 | 2022 | 2025 | 2025 |
| | Lakas | 9.39% | 26 / 316 | 112 / 317 | 86 | All | None | | UniTeam | | Bagong PIlipinas |
| | NUP | 12.63% | 33 / 316 | 42 / 317 | 9 | Most | Some | | n/a | | Bagong PIlipinas |
| | Nacionalista | 13.72% | 36 / 316 | 29 / 317 | 7 | Most | Some | | n/a | | Bagong PIlipinas |
| | NPC | 11.70% | 35 / 316 | 37 / 317 | 2 | All | None | | Reporma–NPC | | Bagong PIlipinas |
| | PFP | 0.95% | 2 / 316 | 13 / 317 | 11 | All | None | | UniTeam | | Bagong PIlipinas |
| | Liberal | 3.78% | 10 / 316 | 6 / 317 | 4 | Most | Some | | TRoPa | | KiBam |
| Others | Others | 32.08% | 76 / 316 | 4 / 317 | 72 | Most | Some | — | — | — | — |
| Local parties | Local parties | 11.31% | 29 / 316 | 5 / 317 | 4 | Most | Some | — | — | — | — |
| Independents | Independents | 4.44% | 6 / 316 | 1 / 317 | 5 | All | None | — | — | — | — |
| Vacant | Vacant | — | — | 5 / 317 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | Total | 100% | 253 / 316 | 253 / 317 | | | | | | | |

#### Complete list

These parties put up candidates at least in one congressional district.

### In party lists

Party lists in the House of Representatives at the end of the 19th Congress of the Philippines :
| Party list | Party list | Seats before the election | Bloc membership | Bloc membership |
| Party list | Party list | Seats before the election | Majority | Minority |
| | Party-list | 60 / 317 | Most | Some |
| | Makabayan | 3 / 317 | None | All |
| Total | Total | 63 / 317 | | |

#### Complete list

These are the party-lists that were approved by the COMELEC to appear on the ballot, ordered by ballot number.
* 4Ps
* PPP
* FPJ Panday Bayanihan
* Kabataan
* Duterte Youth
* ML
* PBBM
* P3PWD
* Murang Kuryente
* Bicol Saro
* Ipatupad
* PATROL
* Juan PINOY
* ARTE
* WIFI
* MAAGAP
* United Senior Citizens
* Epanaw Sambayanan
* Ako Padayon
* TUCP
* ACT Teachers
* 1PACMAN
* TGP
* DUMPER PTDA
* Anakalusugan
* Aksyon Dapat
* BHW
* Sulong Dignidad
* Batang Quiapo
* PBA
* GILAS
* Ako Ilokano Ako
* Pamilyang Magsasaka
* Click Party
* Abante Bisdak
* Manila Teachers
* PAMANA
* Nanay
* KM Ngayon Na
* Babae Ako
* ARISE
* Magdalo
* APEC
* MAGBUBUKID
* SSS-GSIS Pensyonado
* GABRIELA
* Tingog
* APAT-DAPAT
* Ahon Mahirap
* UGB
* Akbayan
* Agimat
* PHILRECA
* Kapuso PM
* Ilocano Defenders
* 1-Rider Party-list
* TICTOK
* Wage Hike
* Bayan Muna
* Ang Probinsyano
* BANAT
* SBP
* Buhay
* Tulungan Tayo
* SAGIP
* BTS Bayaning Tsuper
* Vendors
* ACT-CIS
* Aktibong Kaagapay
* Asenso Pinoy
* Solo Parents
* Ang Komadrona
* PROMDI
* Pusong Pinoy
* Kusug Tausug
* Damayang Filipino
* MPBL
* ANGAT
* Kalinga
* Boses Party-list
* Arangkada Pilipino
* Aangat Tayo
* OFW
* BIDA KATAGUMPAY
* KAMANGGAGAWA
* BFF
* Bunyog
* AGRI
* Senior Citizens
* 4K
* PBP
* One Coop
* CIBAC
* BH - Bagong Henerasyon
* 1AGILA
* EDUAKSYON
* Ang Tinig ng Seniors
* BG Party-list
* Pinoy Ako
* H.E.L.P. PILIPINAS
* Health Workers
* People's Champ
* AA-Kasosyo Party
* Solid North Party
* ABAMIN
* TRABAHO
* Ang Kasangga
* TODA Aksyon
* Turismo
* Abono
* ASAP NA
* LINGAP
* United Frontliners
* Kasambahay
* Tutok To WIn
* Ako OFW
* AGAP
* 1TAHANAN
* Coop-NATCCO
* KABAYAN
* 1Munti
* PINOY WORKERS
* API Party
* Ako Bisaya
* KAMALAYAN
* Ako Tanod
* Probinsyano Ako
* KABABAIHAN
* RAM
* ALONA
* Ako Bikol
* GP (Galing sa Puso)
* KAUNLAD PINOY
* ABP
* CWS
* LPGMA
* A TEACHER
* SWERTE
* Gabay
* Malasakit@Bayanihan
* Akay ni Sol
* LUNAS
* DIWA
* PINUNO
* Pamilya Muna
* Bagong Pilipinas
* Hugpong Federal
* Tupad
* Lang Kawal
* Pamilya Ko
* BBM
* Heal PH
* Abang Lingkod
* MAGSASAKA
* Maharlika
* Uswag Ilonggo

### Candidates

On January 14, 2025, the Supreme Court ordered the COMELEC to add several aspirants on the ballot after disqualifying them. This includes congressional candidate Edgar Erice in Caloocan's 2nd district, and Charles Savellano in Ilocos Sur's 1st district. The commission announced that they will comply with the court's order, and ordered the reprinting of ballots that did not have the names of the petitioners.

## Retiring and term-limited incumbents

Each representative is limited to three full consecutive terms in office, with voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for which he was elected.

### Term-limited

A total of 47 representatives have been elected three consecutive times in regular elections and are barred from seeking another congressional term in 2025.
| Party | Member | District | Position running in 2025 |
| 1-Pacman | Mikee Romero | Party-list | |
| Abono | Robert Raymond Estrella | Party-list | |
| ACT Teachers | France Castro | Party-list | Senator |
| ALONA | Anna Villaraza-Suarez | Party-list | |
| BH | Bernadette Herrera | Party-list | |
| Gabriela | Arlene Brosas | Party-list | Senator |
| Kusug Tausug | Shernee Tan Tambut | Party-list | Vice mayor of Maimbung |
| Lakas | Joey Salceda | Albay–2nd | Governor of Albay |
| Lakas | Geraldine Roman | Bataan–1st | |
| Lakas | Marlyn Alonte-Naguiat | Biñan at-large | |
| Lakas | Mohamad Khalid Dimaporo | Lanao del Norte–1st | Governor of Lanao del Norte |
| Lakas | Carmelo Lazatin II | Pampanga–1st | Mayor of Angeles City |
| Lakas | Aurelio Gonzales Jr. | Pampanga–3rd | |
| Lakas | Christopher de Venecia | Pangasinan–4th | |
| Lakas | Francisco Jose Matugas II | Surigao del Norte–1st | Governor of Surigao del Norte |
| Lakas | Manuel Jose Dalipe | Zamboanga City–2nd | Mayor of Zamboanga City |
| Lakas | Glona Labadlabad | Zamboanga del Norte–2nd | |
| Lakas | Divina Grace Yu | Zamboanga del Sur–1st | Governor of Zamboanga del Sur |
| Liberal | Gabriel Bordado | Camarines Sur–3rd | Vice mayor of Naga |
| Liberal | Emmanuel Billones | Capiz–1st | |
| Liberal | Jocelyn Sy-Limkaichong | Negros Oriental–1st | Mayor of Guihulngan |
| Manila Teachers | Virgilio Lacson | Party-list | |
| Nacionalista | Marquez Go | Baguio at-large | Mayor of Baguio |
| Nacionalista | Lianda Bolilia | Batangas–4th | Not running |
| Nacionalista | Mario Vittorio Mariño | Batangas–5th | Mayor of Batangas City |
| Nacionalista | Raul Tupas | Iloilo–5th | Vice governor of Iloilo |
| Nacionalista | Allen Jesse Mangaoang | Kalinga at-large | Not running |
| Nacionalista | Ace Barbers | Surigao del Norte–2nd | Not running |
| NPC | Carlito Marquez | Aklan–1st | |
| NPC | Greg Gasataya | Bacolod at-large | Mayor of Bacolod |
| NPC | Maria Theresa Collantes | Batangas–3rd | |
| NPC | Peter John Calderon | Cebu–7th | |
| NPC | Luis Campos Jr. | Makati–2nd | Mayor of Makati |
| NPC | Edward Maceda | Manila–4th | Not running |
| NPC | Lord Allan Velasco | Marinduque at-large | Governor of Marinduque |
| NPC | Chiquiting Sagarbarria | Negros Oriental–2nd | Mayor of Dumaguete |
| NPC | Michael John Duavit | Rizal–1st | |
| NUP | Lorna Silverio | Bulacan–3rd | |
| NUP | Luis Raymund Villafuerte | Camarines Sur–2nd | Governor of Camarines Sur |
| NUP | Juliet Ferrer | Negros Occidental–4th district | Not running |
| NUP | Horacio Suansing Jr. | Sultan Kudarat–2nd | Not running |
| NUP | Johnny Pimentel | Surigao del Sur–2nd | Governor of Surigao del Sur |
| PFP | Rosanna Vergara | Nueva Ecija–3rd | |
| PFP | Florida Robes | San Jose del Monte at-large | Mayor of San Jose del Monte |
| PDP | Ruwel Peter Gonzaga | Davao de Oro–2nd | |
| Reporma | Pantaleon Alvarez | Davao del Norte–1st | Vice governor of Davao del Norte |
| SAGIP | Rodante Marcoleta | Party-list | Senator |
| Independent | Eric Martinez | Valenzuela–2nd | Senator |

### Retiring members

The following members of Congress are eligible for another term, but have chosen to retire or seek other positions.
| Party | Member | District | Position running in 2025 |
| 1-Rider | Bonifacio Bosita | Party-list | Senator |
| ACT-CIS | Erwin Tulfo | Party-list | Senator |
| Agri | Wilbert T. Lee | Party-list | Senator, later withdrew |
| Lakas | Ambrosio Cruz Jr. | Bulacan–5th | Mayor of Guiguinto |
| Lakas | Ramon Nolasco Jr. | Cagayan–1st | Retiring |
| Lakas | Inno Dy | Isabela–6th | Retiring |
| Lakas | Ruth Mariano-Hernandez | Laguna–2nd | Governor of Laguna |
| Lakas | Richard Kho | Masbate–1st | Governor of Masbate |
| Lakas | Ara Kho | Masbate–2nd | Mayor of Masbate City |
| Lakas | Stella Quimbo | Marikina–2nd | Mayor of Marikina |
| Lakas | Edwin Olivarez | Parañaque–1st | Mayor of Parañaque |
| Liberal | Romulo Peña Jr. | Makati–1st | Vice mayor of Makati |
| Nacionalista | Camille Villar | Las Piñas at-large | Senator |
| Nacionalista | Nelson Dayanghirang | Davao Oriental–1st | Governor of Davao Oriental |
| Nacionalista | Khymer Adan Olaso | Zamboanga City–1st | Mayor of Zamboanga City |
| NPC | Josephine Veronique Lacson-Noel | Malabon at-large | Mayor of Malabon |
| NPC | Christian T. Yap | Tarlac–2nd | Governor of Tarlac |
| NUP | Danilo Fernandez | Santa Rosa at-large | Governor of Laguna |
| NUP | Pablo John Garcia | Cebu–3rd | Retiring |
| NUP | Harris Christopher Ongchuan | Northern Samar–2nd | Governor of Northern Samar |
| PFP | Jam Agarao | Laguna–4th | Board member of Laguna from the 4th district |
| Tutok To Win | Sam Verzosa | Party-list | Mayor of Manila |

## Marginal seats
### Elections in congressional districts

These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less in the 2022 elections, in ascending order via margin:
| Province/City | District | Incumbent | 2022 margin | 2025 results |
| Laguna | 4th | Jam Agarao | 0.07% | Incumbent retiring |
| Zamboanga del Norte | 1st | Pinpin Uy | 0.33% | Incumbent running |
| Zamboanga Sibugay | 2nd | Antonieta Eudela | 0.81% | Incumbent running |
| Quezon City | 4th | Marvin Rillo | 1.18% | Incumbent running |
| Manila | 5th | Irwin Tieng | 1.98% | Incumbent running |
| Negros Oriental | 3rd | Arnie Teves | 2.03% | Incumbent expelled |
| Batangas | 2nd | Gerville Luistro | 2.18% | Incumbent running |
| Bulacan | 2nd | Salvador Pleyto | 2.26% | Incumbent running |
| Tawi-Tawi | lone | Dimszar Sali | 2.86% | Incumbent running |
| Quezon City | 3rd | Franz Pumaren | 3.27% | Incumbent running |
| Calamba | lone | Cha Hernandez | 3.28% | Incumbent running |
| Camarines Norte | 1st | Josefina Tallado | 3.38% | Incumbent running |
| Iligan | lone | Celso Regencia | 3.54% | Incumbent running |
| Agusan del Norte | 1st | Jose Aquino II | 3.91% | Incumbent redistricted |
| Sorsogon | 2nd | Wowo Fortes | 3.94% | Incumbent running |
| Misamis Oriental | 1st | Christian Unabia | 4.02% | Incumbent running |
| Cebu | 2nd | Edsel Galeos | 4.33% | Incumbent running |
| Surigao del Sur | 1st | Romeo Momo | 4.33% | Incumbent running |
| Cavite | 1st | Jolo Revilla | 4.62% | Incumbent running |
| Pangasinan | 2nd | Mark Cojuangco | 4.98% | Incumbent running |

### Party-list election

The following party-lists won less than 2% of the vote in 2022, and only won one seat each because all of party-list seats have not been filled up by the parties that did win at least 2% of the vote. These are sorted by number of votes in descending order.