OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caio Terra

Caio Terra (born 8 February 1986) is a Brazilian Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) competitor and world champion. Caio began training Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in 2003 and received his black belt in 2006. His promotion to black belt is one of the quickest recorded in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu history.

## Career

Terra's promotion to black belt occurred in the same year in which the IBJJF set minimum time frames for each belt, making it mandatory for a brown belt to compete in the brown belt division for a minimum of 1 year before being promoted. As Caio had not hit the time frame outlined by the federation, he was blocked from competing at the 2007 Brazilian Nationals (Brasileiro). Later that year, and although the federation had plans to veto Caio from the World Championship, the IBJJF made a last-minute exception accepting his entry for competition. This was the last time someone with less than 1 year experience at brown belt was legally allowed to compete as a black belt in an IBJJF tournament.
Caio is known for his maxim "Technique Conquers All", an expression he has tested and proven through his successful victories in the open weight divisions. Caio Terra now trains and owns the Caio Terra Academy in San Jose, California. He also owns Caio Terra Online, an internet based instructional site where Caio and invited instructors, provide technical insight and instruction plans to subscribers and affiliate academies.
In 2017 Caio retired from No Gi competition and decided to focus his energy on his team. Since retiring, Caio has helped develop Mikey Musumeci (the only four-time Black Belt American World Champion), Mason Fowler, Yuri Simoes, Rudson Telles, Jeremy Jackson, Kaniela Kahuanui, and others.
The Caio Terra Academy was closed during the coronavirus pandemic; Terra revealed that his gym was threatened with $5,000 fines by local public health officials if he ran classes during the pandemic lockdown period.
On 28 September 2020, Terra was awarded the 4th degree on his BJJ black belt from Master Paulo Mauricio Strauch.

## Instructor lineage

Mitsuyo Maeda → Carlos Gracie → Reyson Gracie → Paulo Maurício Strauch → Caio Terra

## Career highlights

* IBJJF World Champion 2008/2013
* IBJJF World No Gi Champion 2008-2017 (Ten Time World No Gi Champion)
* IBJJF Pan American Champion 2011/2012/2013
* USBJJF/ IBJJF American Nationals Champion 2010*/2011**/2012
* USBJJF/ IBJJF American Nationals No Gi Champion 2012*
* IBJJF European Open Champion 2014/2015/2016/2017/2018
* IBJJF European No Gi Open Champion 2013**
* IBJJF Las Vegas Open Champion 2010**/2011**/2012
* UKBJJF/IBJJF British National Champion 2015**
* UKBJJF/IBJJF British National No Gi Champion 2015**
* IBJJF World Championship Runner-Up 2009-2011, 2017
* USBJJF/IBJJF American National Championship Runner-Up 2010/2012/2014
* Metamoris 1 Super fight winner
* FTW Bantamweight GI and No Gi Title Holder
*Absolute **Weight and Absolute

## Personal life

Terra was involved in a car accident in 2021 that left him with a hip injury that required surgery in order for him to continue practicing Brazilian jiu-jitsu.
# Calamorhabdium

Calamorhabdium is a small genus of snakes, commonly known as iridescent snakes, in the family Colubridae. The genus contains two described species. Both species are burrowing snakes found in Asia.

## Species

* Calamorhabdium acuticeps Ahl, 1933 – Sulawesi iridescent snake
* Calamorhabdium kuekenthali Boettger, 1898 – Batjan iridescent snake

## Etymology

The specific name, kuekenthali, is in honor of German zoologist Willy Kükenthal.
# Dipak Dasgupta

Dipak Dasgupta is an Indian economist. He is a Distinguished Fellow at The Energy and Resources Institute in New Delhi. Dasgupta was the former Principal Economic Advisor at the Ministry of Finance (India). He was also India's founding Board Member of the Green Climate Fund and served until recently. Before, Dasgupta was the Lead Economist for India and South Asia at the World Bank.
Published works include China Engaged: Integration with the Global Economy; Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Engaging with the World; and Moving Up, Looking East.
# Dipak K Banerjee

Dipak K Banerjee is an Indian scholar of Biochemistry. He is a professor at the University of Puerto Rico and chairman of the company he established, DIC India Ltd.
Banerjee received his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from the University of Calcutta. He has authored and co-authored articles on Glycosyltransferases and Breast cancer cells and is a fellow member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
# Dipak Karki

Dipak Karki may refer to the following people:
* Dipak Karki (Jhapa politician)
* Dipak Karki (Dhanusha politician)
# Dioryctria cuitecensis

Dioryctria cuitecensis is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Herbert H. Neunzig in 1990 and is known from Cuiteco, Mexico, from which its species epithet is derived.
The length of the forewings is 15.5–17 mm. Adults are large, dark and uniformly marked.
# Diphenyl carbonate

Diphenyl carbonate is the organic compound with the formula (C$_6$H$_5$O)$_2$CO. It is classified as an acyclic carbonate ester. It is a colorless solid. It is both a monomer in combination with bisphenol A in the production of polycarbonate polymers and a product of the decomposition of polycarbonates.

## Production

World production capacity of diphenyl carbonate was 254,000 tonnes in 2002, and phosgenation of phenol is the most significant route. Phosgenation of phenol can proceed under various conditions. The net reaction is as follows:
    2 PhOH + COCl$_2$ → PhOCO$_2$Ph + 2 HCl
The use of phosgene can be avoided by the oxidative carbonylation of phenol with carbon monoxide:
    2 PhOH + CO + [O] → PhOCO$_2$Ph + H$_2$O
Dimethyl carbonate can also be transesterified with phenol:
    CH$_3$OCO$_2$CH$_3$ + 2 PhOH → PhOCO$_2$Ph + 2 MeOH
The kinetics and thermodynamics of this reaction are not favorable. For example, at higher temperatures, dimethyl carbonate undesirably methylates phenol to give anisole. Despite this, diphenyl carbonate made from non-phosgene sources has become a widely used raw material for the synthesis of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate in a melt polycondensation process.

## Applications

Polycarbonates can be prepared by transesterifying diphenyl carbonate with bisphenol A. Phenol is a co-product. These polycarbonates may be recycled by reversing the process: transesterifying the polycarbonate with phenol to yield diphenyl carbonate and bisphenol A.
# Telekom

Telekom may refer to:
* A1 Telekom Austria Group, Austria
** A1 Telekom Austria
* Deutsche Telekom, Germany
** Hrvatski Telekom, Croatia
** Magyar Telekom, Hungary
** Crnogorski Telekom, Montenegro
** Makedonski Telekom, North Macedonia
** Telekom Romania Mobile, Romania
** Slovak Telekom, Slovakia
* Telekom Malaysia, Malaysia
* Telekom Srbija, Serbia
** Telekom Srpske, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Telekom Slovenije, Slovenia
* Türk Telekom, Turkey
# Khabarovsk Cathedral

Khabarovsk Cathedral may refer to:
* Khabarovsk Metropolitan Cathedral
* Khabarovsk City Cathedral
# Kevin Jolly (speedway rider)

Kevin Jolly (born 29 January 1958) is an English former motorcycle speedway rider. He earned six international caps for the England national speedway team.

## Speedway career

Jolly rode in the top tier of British Speedway from 1975-1990, riding for various clubs.
After leaving Ipswich Witches he signed for King's Lynn Stars, where he rode from 1983 to 1986 and again in 1988. He also rode for Boston Barracudas in 1986 and was the club captain.
He reached the final of the British Speedway Championship on three occasions in 1980, 1981 and 1982.
In 1989, he helped the Peterborough Panthers win the Fours Championship during the 1989 National League season.
# Direct pathway

The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement. It works in conjunction with the indirect pathway. Both of these pathways are part of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop.

## Overview of neuronal connections and normal function

The direct pathway passes through the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, which are parts of the basal ganglia. It also involves another basal ganglia component the substantia nigra, a part of the midbrain. In a resting individual, a specific region of the globus pallidus, the internal globus pallidus (GPi), and a part of the substantia nigra, the pars reticulata (SNpr), send spontaneous inhibitory signals to the ventral lateral nucleus (VL) of the thalamus, through the release of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Inhibition of the inhibitory neurons that project to the ventral anterior nucleus (VA), which project to the motor regions of the cerebral cortices of the telencephalon, leads to an increase in activity in the motor cortices, thereby promoting muscular action.
When the pre-frontal region of the cerebral cortex, which is generally involved in decision making and planning, determines that a particular motor activity will be executed, it sends activating signals to the motor cortices. The motor cortices send signals through the basal ganglia to refine the choice of muscles that will participate in the movement and to amplify the activity in the motor cortices that will drive the muscle contractions.
In the direct pathway, the motor cortices send activating signals to the caudate and putamen (which together form the dorsal striatum). The cells of the direct pathway in the caudate and putamen that receive these signals are inhibitory and, once they become activated, send inhibitory signals to the GPi and SNpr and stop activity there. Before activation of the direct pathway, these two nuclei were actively sending inhibitory signals to the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, which prevented the development of significant activity in the motor cerebral cortices. This behavior ceases on activation of the direct pathway. The net effect is to allow the activation of the ventral lateral nucleus which, in turn, sends activating signals to the motor cortices. These events amplify motor cortical activity that will eventually drive muscle contractions.

## Diseases involving the direct pathway

Interruption or dysfunction of the direct pathway results in hypokinesia, which is, in general terms, a disease which leads to a lack of motion in our body.
# Cadillac, Cadillac

"Cadillac, Cadillac" is a song recorded by American rock band Train for their seventh studio album Bulletproof Picasso. The song was written by Pat Monahan, Butch Walker, and Al Anderson, and was produced by the latter two as well as Butch Walker. It was released on September 29, 2014 as the second single from the album.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Cadillac, Cadillac" was first released onto YouTube on 31 October 2014 at a total length of three minutes and 29 seconds.

## Chart performance
### Weekly charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak position |
| US Adult Top 40 (Billboard) | 21 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| United States | September 29, 2014 (2014-09-29) | Digital download | Columbia Records |
# Khaira

Khaira may refer to:
* Khaira (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Khaira, Nepal, a town in Pyuthan, Nepal
* Khaira, Palghar, a town in Maharashtra, India
* Khaira, Delhi, an urban village in Delhi, India
* Khaira, Ludhiana, a village in Punjab, India
* Khaira, Raebareli, a village in Uttar Pradesh, India
# Temira Pachmuss

Temira Pachmuss (24 December 1927 in Vasknarva, Ida-Viru County – 1 May 2007 in Urbana, Illinois) was a Russian-American philologist.
In 1939, her family moved to Germany. In the 1950s, she moved to Australia. In 1955, he moved to USA. In 1959, she defended her doctoral thesis at University of Washington in Seattle.
Since 1960, she has taught (since 1968 professor) Russian literature at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Her major fields of research were Russian literature outside Russia, including the Russian writers who worked in Finland and Russia. She was especially interested in the legacy by Russian poet Zinaida Gippius.
In 2001, she was awarded with Order of the White Star, medal class.
# Ahmedabad–SCSMT Kolhapur Express

The 11049 / 11050 Ahmedabad–SCSMT Kolhapur Express is an Express train belonging to Indian Railways – Central Railway zone that runs between Ahmedabad Junction and Kolhapur in India. It is currently being operated with 11049/11050 train numbers on a weekly basis.
It operates as train number 11049 from Ahmedabad Junction to SCSMT Kolhapur and as train number 11050 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
# Templeton's Crossing

Templeton's Crossing is a locality on the Kokoda Track in New Guinea. The original track, at the start of the Kokoda Track campaign, proceeded north from Kagi and crossed over the watershed of the Owen Stanley Range as it passed through "the Gap" – skirting the eastern side of Mount Bellamy. The track then proceeded north through the steep-sided Eora Creek valley. Templeton's Crossing is where the original track first crosses Eora Creek. It was named by (then) Lieutenant Bert Kienzle in memory of Captain Sam Templeton. Templeton commanded B Company, 39th Battalion. It was the first of the battalion's companies to deploy overland for the defence of Kokoda – arriving shortly before the Japanese landings. Templeton was killed in the early stages of the Japanese advance. Kienzle was an officer of the Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit, that had been tasked, among other things, to establish supply dumps and staging points along the track. In the course of this, he was to guide Templeton's B Company over the track as it deployed.
When the drop zone at Myola was identified by Kienzle, the main route used by the Australian forces was diverted through this important supply point, cutting a new section of track. Kienzle named the "crossing" after cutting the route from Myola, north. The route north from Myola first follows the Myola Ridge, before descending to cross Eora Creek at a point about an equal march between Myola and Templeton's Crossing. A supply dump, Dump 1, was established there. Rather than following the creek from there, the track crosses a ridge as it heads toward Templeton's Crossing. Confusingly, the site of Dump 1 has, in some sources, been identified as "Templeton's Crossing No 1" while the original crossing is called "Templeton's Crossing No 2". This appears to have originated from "Longitudinal section of the Kokoda Trail" produced in 1978 by the "Department of Works and Supply".
Templeton's Crossing is associated with two battles of the Kokoda Track campaign of the Second World War fought between Australians of Maroubra Force and Japanese troops. Both battles consisted of a series of engagements that occurred in the upper reaches of the Eora Creek valley. The first battle was fought from 31 August 1942 to 5 September 1942, as the Australian forces were withdrawing in the face of the Japanese advance. The second battle was fought from 11 to 28 October 1942, as the Australian forces pursued the Japanese forces withdrawing back to the north coast of Papua. In each battle, a significant engagement was fought in the vicinity of Templeton's Crossing.
# Distribuidor Vial San Antonio

The Distribuidor Vial San Antonio is a Mexican freeway located at the west side of Mexico City. It was built under the mandate of the previous head of government, Andrés Manuel López Obrador between 2002 and May 14, 2006. It is part of a network of second levels in the city's freeway system, colloquially called "Segundo piso" ("second floor"), built to improve traffic circulation.

## Main purposes

The main purpose of the Distribuidor Vial San Antonio is to solve traffic jams in the following avenues and roads:
* Anillo Periferico Sur (Exterior Circuit)
* Eje 5 Sur San Antonio (Main route 5 South)
* Eje 10 Sur San Jerónimo (Main route 10 South)
* Revolución (Interior Circuit)
* Viaducto Río Becerra (Viaducto Miguel Alemán)
* Eje 6 Sur Holbein (Main route 6 South)
* Las Flores
* Barranca del Muerto
* Rómulo O'Farrill

## Names

The Distribuidor Vial is named after the streets it crosses:
* San Antonio (East-South)(San Antonio Av.-Lomas de Plateros)
* San Jerónimo (South-East) (San Jerónimo Av.-Lomas de Plateros)
* Las Torres (South-East) (Las Torres Av.-San Antonio Av.)
* Las Flores (North-South) (Las Flores Av.-San Jerónimo Av.)

## Incidents

A riot broke out at the overpass after police beat protesters during a demonstration by cyclists who were upset after a Metrobús ran over a bicyclist. Eleven police officers were arrested.
# Khamba

Khamba refer to:
* Khuman Khamba (also known as Moirang Khamba), a hero in Meitei folklore
* Khamba Thoibi, a legendary Meitei language epic poem about Khuman Khamba
* Tibetans who live in the historic region of Kham which covers parts of modern Qinghai, Western Sichuan, Northern Yunnan and the Tibet Autonomous Region
* Khamba people, of Arunachal Pradesh, India
* Gursimran Khamba, Indian comedian
# Airport Tunnel (Los Angeles)

The Airport Tunnel, also known as the Sepulveda Boulevard Tunnel, is a highway tunnel in Los Angeles, carrying Sepulveda Boulevard underneath the two runways (25L/25R) and taxiways on the south side of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). This section of Sepulveda is a part of California State Route 1. The tunnel was the first in the United States to run under an airport runway.

## History

In the late-1940s, LAX (then known as Mines Field) was set to have its runways extended. However, Sepulveda Boulevard stood in the way, largely prohibiting the possibility of expansion. Initially, the thoroughfare was rerouted to go around the western end of the runways. In a move to allow Sepulveda Boulevard to return to its original straight-line path, Airport Tunnel was created. The US$3.5 million (equivalent to $59 million in 2023) of funding for the project was split between a 1945 bond issue and a federal grant. Construction began in October 1949 and was completed by March 1953.
An opening ceremony, held on April 21, 1953, was officiated by Mayor Fletcher Bowron and the first 100 motorists to pass through the tunnel received souvenirs. The tunnel was considered experimental at the time, as the concept had never been built before.
The tunnel featured some complex engineering for its time. Two ventilation houses with four fans each to both push fresh air into the tunnel and pull out exhaust fumes, a power substation was built to supply energy to the thousands of vapor lights in the tunnel and the eight fans. Rainwater is gathered by a drain system and empties into vaults where the water is pumped out.
The road has six lanes (three in each direction) along with six turnouts, each large enough to hold three cars, for vehicles that break down in the tunnel.
Over the years, motorists complained about the poor lighting in the tunnel being a safety hazard. The lighting system was overhauled in 1965 and was revamped with LED lights in 2012. Due to exhaust soot buildup, the tunnel is periodically closed for cleaning.
# Airport Villa, Delaware

Airport Villa was a housing project that was once part of New Castle Air Force Base (now New Castle County Airport), in New Castle County, Delaware. It was built to house military personnel during the Korean War (1950–1953). In 1956, New Castle County purchased it from the U.S. Air Force and reopened it for civilian housing. Rentals of the houses were managed by the Harris-Hanby Real Estate Agency, New Castle, Delaware.

## History

There were two parts to Airport Villa, one on either side of Airport Road. The two villas contained 100 houses. Total population during the mid-1960s was about 500 people on the entire 40-acre (160,000 m$^2$) project; there were several yellow barracks close to the houses.
Airport Villa was demolished about 1982. The area that was formerly Airport Villa, however, can be located; 290 Airport Rd. is on the western boundary, and Reads Way is on the eastern. Paved asphalt roads are still visible, though the houses are gone. The New Castle County Government office park is now in the area, on Reads Way.

## Housing at Airport Villa

The houses at Airport Villa were constructed of cinder blocks and had roofs of tar and gravel. Each home had a carport, patio, substantial sized yard and high windows on the front. The houses were in the style of a duplex, connected at the back, with the fronts of each facing onto different streets.
Inside, the homes were very spacious, each containing two or three bedrooms. The kitchens had a bar-counter that was connected to the dining area. The floors were tiled-over concrete slabs.
Airport Villa's street names were alphabetical, e.g. A, B, C. The East Villa had 24 houses and four streets, A, B, C & D, running east and west, with long connection roads running north and south. The West Villa was much larger, with 76 houses and had street names E, F, G & H.
Students at Airport Villa attended Manor Park Elementary School, George Read Jr. High, and William Penn High School. Later, Carrie Downey was the elementary school. Some of the neighboring projects were Chelsea Estates, Wilmington Manor, Delaware and Penn Acres.

## Location

Airport Villa can be reached by leaving Route 13 onto Route 141 North towards Newport, then following 141 North to the 3rd traffic light, then turning left onto Commons Blvd into the New Castle Corporate Commons, before continuing past the next traffic light, and turning right near 290 Airport Road, on the right-hand side.
# Caernarfon Wanderers F.C.

Caernarfon Wanderers F.C. was a Welsh football club based in Caernarfon, Gwynedd. The team last played in the Welsh Alliance League Division One, which was at the third tier of the Welsh football league system.
The club have competed in the Welsh Cup, last doing so in the 2011–12 season, losing in the second qualifying round to Bethesda Athletic.

## History

Caernarfon Wanderers was founded in 2007, aiming to save the Cae Top Playing Fields in Caernarfon.
In their first season, the club won the Caernarfon & District League Division Two, getting promoted to Division One, which they then won, getting promoted to the Gwynedd League. The club then finished 5th in the Gwynedd League, and got promoted to the Welsh Alliance League. The club won the Welsh Alliance League Division Two at the first attempt, getting promoted to Division One.
However, in 2012, the club finished bottom of the Welsh Alliance League Division One, and after failing to secure the funds for permanent changing rooms, the club folded.

## Honours

* Welsh Alliance League Division Two – Champions: 2010–11
* Caernarfon & District League Division One – Champions: 2008–09
* Caernarfon & District League Division Two – Champions: 2007–08
# Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

The Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission. The Enterprise Directorate-General works on creating an environment in which European firms can thrive. The improvement of the business environment is to lead to a growth in productivity and subsequently create the jobs and wealth necessary to achieve the objectives set by the European Council in Lisbon in March 2000.
Under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation, it is responsible for checking public procurement bids for foreign subsidies that distort competition, and can initiate investigations into other distortive effects of foreign subsidies.
In 2022 the Commissioner was Thierry Breton and the Director-General was Kerstin Jorna. As of 2020, it had 714 employees.
# Tephritis hendeliana

Tephritis hendeliana is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

France, Germany & Central Russia South to Spain, Italy, Ukraine, Caucasus & Mongolia.