OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aleksandar Savić

Aleksandar Savić (born Alel Schwarz; 1923 – 1941) was a Croatian communist activist and member of the partisan resistance movement in Croatia, murdered during the Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia.
Savić was born in Zagreb to a Jewish family, the son of Miroslav Savić and Ina Juhn-Broda. His father changed the family surname from Schwarz to Savić due to the increasingly intense antisemitism in the 1930s.
Savić joined the Young Communist League of Yugoslavia - SKOJ (from Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunističke omladine Jugoslavije) during high school education. Savić was influenced by Beno Stein (a Croatian communist and medical internist, whose apartment was a favorite meeting place for leftist intellectuals) and his mother communist activities. Savić attended the gymnasium in Zagreb, where he led the SKOJ activities and was member of the SKOJ high school leadership in Zagreb.
Savić gathered the SKOJ advanced youth and held illegal meetings in his apartment. With the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941, he joined the resistance movement in Croatia. He participated in the writing of anti-fascist slogans and distribution of leaflets. On 24–25 May 1941, he was arrested with the group of 165 young Jewish men. He was deported to the Danica concentration camp near Koprivnica. Later he was deported to the Jadovno concentration camp where he was killed by Ustaše in July 1941; he was 17 or 18 years old.
# Madivaru

Madivaru as a place name may refer to:
* Madivaru (Kaafu Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
* Madivaru (Lhaviyani Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
* Madivaru (Dhaalu Atoll) (Republic of Maldives)
* Madivaru Airport, an airport on Madivaru, Lhaviyani Atoll, Maldives
# Crataegus schuettei

Crataegus schuettei, the royal hawthorn or Schuette's hawthorn, is a species of shrubby tree in the family Rosaceae, native to northeastern North America; from Arkansas and North Carolina north to Ontario and Quebec. It is typically found growing in forest edges and old fields. Its ripe fruit is red.

## Subtaxa

The following varieties are accepted:
* Crataegus schuettei var. cuneata Kruschke ex J.B.Phipps – Minnesota, Wisconsin
* Crataegus schuettei var. gigantea Kruschke ex J.B.Phipps – Wisconsin
* Crataegus schuettei var. schuettei
# Cecilia Douglas

Cecilia Douglas (née Douglas) (28 February 1772 – 25 July 1862) was a Scottish art collector and philanthropist from Glasgow. One of Scotland's wealthiest women during her lifetime, with a net worth of £40,000, her fortune was derived from the ownership of slaves in the British West Indies.

## Early life

Cecilia Douglas was born to John Douglas, a West Indian merchant, and Cecilia Buchanan on 28 February 1772. She was the fifth of 11 siblings, and one of only two daughters.

## Marriage

Douglas married Gilbert Douglas, a rich West Indian plantation owner from Balcony, on 26 January 1794, in Glasgow. Their marriage lasted until Gilbert's death in 1807. No children resulted from the union.
Gilbert owned two plantations: Fairfield, a cotton plantation in Demerara, and Mount Pleasant, a sugar plantation on the island of St. Vincent.

## Later life

After the death of Gilbert in 1807, she inherited half shares in his plantations and enslaved people in St Vincent and Demerara. Her late husband also bequeathed her the use of estates in Lanarkshire in Scotland, Douglas Park and Boggs.
In the 1820s she toured Europe, acquiring a variety of artworks and made profitable investments in British industry and commerce.
Douglas lived at Orbiston House for the remainder of her years. She commissioned a stained-glass window in Glasgow Cathedral to preserve her own and her family's legacy. This has since been removed.

## Death

Douglas died at Orbiston House on 25 July 1862. She bequeathed her entire art collection to Glasgow Corporation. Some of the paintings are displayed in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow.
# Keeper of the Great Seal

Keeper of the Great Seal can refer to:
* Keeper of the Great Seal of Canada
* Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
* Keeper of the Great Seal of the State of Illinois
* Keeper of the Great Seal of Wisconsin
* Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England
# Accademia di Belle Arti Tadini

The Accademia Tadini is a museum and art gallery, as well as an academy of both visual arts and music in Lovere, Province of Bergamo, Italy. It is located on Via Tadini #40, facing the shores of Lago d'Iseo.

## History

The Tadini Academy of Fine Arts has its roots in the interest and collections of Count Luigi Tadini of Verona (1745-1829). At the turn of the 18th-century, the count envisioned housing his collections in a proper setting. The family residence in Palazzo Barboglio facing the present Piazza Garibaldi proved too small; thus adjacent to this site, on the road linking Lovere and Bergamo, along the lake, he had his grandson, Sebastiano Salimbeni, a self-trained architect design the present palace. Work began in 1820 with the chapel, built to house the Stele Tadini (1819-1821), a work of Antonio Canova, and dedicated to his former friend, Faustino Tadini, son of the count who had died in 1799 at the age of 25. Faustino had published a book on the early work of Canova in 1796. By 1826, the Gallery building was complete. The interior decorations, both stucco and fresco, were designed and completed by Luigi Dell'Era. By 1828, the museum was open to the public. He intended the collections and decoration to be aids for the curriculum of the school of design.
The Piano Nobile displays the collection. In addition to the paintings, the collection includes archeologic pieces collected in Naples; porcelain from both the orient (China and Japan) and Europe (Meissen, Vienna, Sèvres, Naples, and Venice). The count has a collection of sculptures by Canova and Giovanni Maria Benzoni. The library includes nearly 4600 volumes. The great hall of the palace is used for both concerts and theatrical presentations. The second floor has a display of artifacts related to the Resorgimento era in Italy.
Among the paintings the count had eclectic acquisitions, including:
* Madonna attributed to Jacobello di Bonomo
* Madonna and Child by Francesco Benaglio
* St Antony of Padua by Antonio and Bartolomeo Vivarini
* Two altarpieces by Vincenzo Civerchio
* Works from suppressed ecclesiastical institutions of Crema
* Madonna and Child with Saints Christopher and George (Manfron altarpiece) by Paris Bordon
* Flight to Egypt by Aurelio Busso
* Resurrection by Jacopo Ligozzi
* Ecce Homo by Paolo Farinati
* Judith and Holofernes attributed to Bernardino Fusari
* Prayer in Gesthemane by Pietro Ricchi
* Madonna and Child by Jacopo Bellini
* Madonna and Child and Saints by Palma il Giovane
* Dead Christ and Angels by Pietro della Vecchia
* Madonna and Child by Francesco Benaglio
* Saints Francis and William by Domenico Brusasorci
* Flight to Egypt by Felice Brusasorci
* Joseph and Potiphar's wife by Carlo Francesco Nuvolone
* Madonna di Loreto by Bernardino Campi
* Flight to Egypt by Domenico Pecchio
* Self-portrait by Antonio Cifrondi
* Portrait of a Townsfolk by Cifrondi
* Portrait of Friar with Lily by Fra Galgario
* Ecce Homo and two other canvases by Francesco Hayez
* The collection has also modern and contemporary works.
# François Ignace Schaal

François Ignace Schaal, born and baptized on 5 December 1747 in Colmar (Alsace) and died on 30 August 1833 at Sélestat (Bas-Rhin), was a French general and statesman of the French Revolutionary Wars and the First Empire. He was one of six children (four of whom grew to adulthood) of Jean-Baptiste Schaal, a lawyer in Colmar and Anne Barbe Kubler.

## Military career

He entered service on 1 August 1768, as an ensign in the artillery, and was appointed second lieutenant on 8 May 1770. When the French Revolution started, he was a captain in the Nassau Regiment (later the 96th regiment). He was raised to general of brigade provisionally on 8 March 1793, he was appointed major general on 13 June 1795. He was a Commander of the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour on 17 October 1814, Knight of Order of St. Louis. He married Josephine Aglaée Bon Fabry.
During the French Revolution, he was one of the commanders of the Republican army, especially during the Siege of Mainz (1792) and he distinguished himself in Cassel (Mainz). In 1793, shortly after the military reorganization, he was a lieutenant colonel of the 93rd Regiment, formerly the Duke of Enghien's regiment; the first battalion of this regiment served in the Army of the Rhine under Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine; the second at Strasbourg, and the grenadiers at Mainz. Although only a brigadier general, he commanded the Army of the Rhine from 14 February to 29 April 1795. He had not sought command of the Army of the Rhine—indeed, Desaix, and others had flat out refused to take command and had finally convinced the Committee in Paris that Schaal was the man for the job, despite his being a brigadier and they, generals of division—but Schaal had taken the command against his better judgement and executed it as best he could. To give the others credit, they had followed his orders precisely, as uninspired as they were.
At the 1795 engagement at Mainz, Schaal commanded two columns, one from the Army of the Rhine and the other from the Army of Moselle, that had been separated from their respective armies to take Mainz. However, when it came to the renewal of siege at Mainz, he commanded the united columns, one from each army, that comprised the Armée devant Mayence (the Army before Mainz). When the critical time came, however, Schaal was a mere figurehead implementing a strategy at Mainz that he had neither thought of, or approved. He entered retirement.
He tried to re-enter the military in 1799, seeking an appointment to André Masséna's Army of Helvetia. He entered full retirement on 4 September 1815. His name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe, on the eastern side of the fourteenth column facing the Champs-Élysées. He was mayor of Sélestat from 1800–1807 and a delegate of the Bas-Rhin to the Legislative Assembly from 1808–1812.
He was the father-in-law of General Henri-Jacques Martin de Lagarde, who married his daughter, Marie, Augustine (born 1796) in Mainz, on 1 February 1815.
# List of earthquakes in 1880

There were two notable earthquakes in the year of 1880.
* 1880 Zagreb earthquake in Croatia
* 1880 Luzon earthquakes in the Philippines
# Ameer Khan (Pakistani cricketer)

Ameer Khan (born 18 December 1982 in Islamabad), is a former first-class cricketer who has represented Chittagong Division. He made 42 first-class appearances from 2000–01 to 2011–12.
# Madivala Machideva

Madivala Machideva, also known as Veera Ganachari Madivala Machideva, was an Indian warrior of the 12th-century.

## Old Airport Road Bangalore

The Old Airport Road that connects Domlur and the old Bangalore airport was renamed as 'Madiwala Machideva Road' in his honour in September 2016.12th century great warrior and saint of LINGAYAT dharama, protected Vachanas of Basavanna.
The area of Madiwala in Bengaluru which connects and lies in between Electronic City, Koramangala, BTM Layout and Banashankari being the hub between Bannerghatta Road and Hosur Road is also named after him. The Mahasharana Madiwala Maachideva Flyover opposite to Silk Board junction is also named after him.

## Movie

The Kannada film Machideva, starring Sai Kumar and Charulatha, is an action drama movie depicting Machideva and directed by Nanda Kameshwara Reddy.
# Crataegus scabrifolia

Crataegus scabrifolia is a hawthorn from China that grows at altitudes between 1500 and 3000 m in areas with high rainfall. It is usually a large shrub or small tree, and usually without thorns. The edible fruit are large for a hawthorn, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, red or yellow, and are sold in local markets. The tree is apparently not cultivated outside China.
# Dương Thủy

Dương Thủy is a rural commune (xã) in the Lệ Thủy District, Quảng Bình Province, North Central Coast region of Vietnam. This commune borders communes of Mỹ Thủy and Tân Thủy.
This is an agricultural commune.
# Ernst Brand

Ernst Brand (2 January 1827 in Feuchtwangen – 7 March 1897 in Stettin) was a German physician, known for his development of hydrotherapy (cold bath treatment) in the treatment of typhoid fever.
From 1845 to 1851 he studied medicine at the University of Erlangen, during which time he worked as a clinical assistant to Karl Friedrich Canstatt. In 1851 he received his doctorate with a dissertation-thesis on pyloric stenosis, and following graduation he undertook a study trip to Vienna, Paris and London. After completing the Prussian state exam he settled into a medical practice in Stettin.

## Associated eponym

* "Brand method": For the treatment of typhoid fever. A regimen of giving baths in water at room temperature or lower every three hours. Process continued for as long as the rectal temperature is greater than 103°.

## Published works

* Über Diabetes, 1849 – On diabetes.
* Die Stenose des Pylorus vom pathologisch- anatomischen Standpunkte aus geschildert (dissertation), 1851 – The stenosis of the pylorus from a pathological point of view.
* Die Hydrotherapie des Typhus, 1861 – Hydrotherapy for typhus.
* Zur Hydrotherapie des Typhus, Bericht über in St Petersburg, Stettin und Luxemburg hydriatrisch behandelte Fälle, 1863 – On hydrotherapy for typhus. Report on Saint Petersburg, Stettin and Luxembourg hydriatic-treated cases.
* Die Heilung des Typhus, 1868 – Healing therapy for typhus.
* Die Wasserbehandlung der typhösen Fieber, Abdominal- und Flecktyphus, 1877 – Water treatment of typhoid fever (abdominal and typhus).
# Keijo Kurttila

Keijo Kurttila (born 8 April 1975) is a Finnish cross-country skier. He competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics, and the 2006 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | 50 km | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2002 | 26 | — | — | — | — | 25 | — | — |
| 2006 | 30 | — | — | — | — | 23 | — | 5 |

### World Championships

| Year | Age | 15 km | Pursuit | 30 km | 50 km | Sprint | 4 × 10 km  relay | Team  sprint |
| 2003 | 27 | — | — | — | — | 15 | — | — |
| 2005 | 29 | — | — | — | — | 15 | — | 15 |

### World Cup
#### Season standings

| Season | Age | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Discipline standings | Ski Tour standings | Ski Tour standings |
| Season | Age | Overall | Distance | Long Distance | Middle Distance | Sprint | Tour de Ski | World Cup Final |
| 2000 | 24 | 109 | — | — | — | 68 | — | — |
| 2001 | 25 | 94 | — | — | — | 54 | — | — |
| 2002 | 26 | 31 | — | — | — | 9 | — | — |
| 2003 | 27 | 37 | — | — | — | 14 | — | — |
| 2004 | 28 | 86 | 86 | — | — | 55 | — | — |
| 2005 | 29 | 29 | NC | — | — | 10 | — | — |
| 2006 | 30 | 88 | NC | — | — | 33 | — | — |
| 2007 | 31 | 87 | NC | — | — | 41 | — | — |
| 2008 | 32 | NC | NC | — | — | NC | — | — |
| 2009 | 33 | NC | — | — | — | NC | — | — |
| 2010 | 34 | NC | — | — | — | NC | — | — |

#### Individual podiums

* 4 podiums – (4 WC)
| No. | Season | Date | Location | Race | Level | Place |
| 1 | 2001–02 | 6 January 2002 | Val di Fiemme, Italy | 1.5 km Sprint F | World Cup | 2nd |
| 2 | 2001–02 | 13 March 2002 | Oslo, Norway | 1.5 km Sprint C | World Cup | 3rd |
| 3 | 2002–03 | 11 March 2003 | Drammen, Norway | 1.0 km Sprint C | World Cup | 2nd |
| 4 | 2004–05 | 16 March 2005 | Gothenburg, Sweden | 1.1 km Sprint F | World Cup | 2nd |
# Ameer Lali

Hajji Ameer Lali امیر لالی was elected to represent Kandahar Province in Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of its National Legislature, in 2005. A report on Kandahar prepared at the Navy Postgraduate School stated he was a member of the Pashtun ethnic group, from the same Popolzai tribe as President Hamid Karzai. They stated he was a "demobilized local commander". He sits on the Armed Services Committee.
# Emre Özdemir

Emre Özdemir (born 1981) was an editorial cartoonist and illustrator for Zaman and Today's Zaman.

## Early life and career

In 2005, Özdemir graduated from Balıkesir University. That year, he began to draw a comic strip in the sports magazine of Zaman called “Sporvizyon”. In 2007, he completed his master's degree at Marmara University Atatürk Faculty of Education. Also in 2007, he began to draw editorial cartoons for the newspaper Today's Zaman and Zaman under his blog called “No Comment”. Between 2007 and 2009 he worked as Turkish Language Lecturer at the Russian State University for the Humanities. He is currently drawing illustration and editorial cartoons for some newspapers, magazines and books.

## Awards

In 2003, he was awarded with first prize at the competition organized by the Museum of Antiquities in Burdur.
In 2008, he was awarded with an Honorary Mention in “City Confusion” competition held in Iran.
# Ernst Brandenburger

Ernst Brandenburger (active from 1689 – died c. 1713) was a Danish master builder and entrepreneur who, through his collaboration with Christof Marselis (ca. 1670–1731) and Wilhelm Friedrich von Platen (1667-1732), left his mark on Danish Baroque architecture during the early reign of King Frederick IV.

## Biography

Brandenburger was engaged as master builder for the island of Funen in 1690. By 1695, he was working as master mason at the royal palaces and as constructor of royal buildings in 1698. From 1700 he also owned a brickyard in Vedbæk. He was royal building inspector from 1704 and until his death, presumably in 1713 since he was buried from St. Peter's Church in Copenhagen on 14 December that year.

## Works

* Stensballegård (c. 1691-93)
* Drawings for modernization of Clausholm (1692)
* Clausholm (1693-1701)
* Tower for Galten Church in Skanderborg (1697)
* Niels Juel's Mausoleum at Church of Holmen, Copenhagen(1697, demolished)
* Adaptions of Prince's House, Frederiksberg (1697 and 1705–06)
* Frederiksberg Palace, Frederiksberg (1699-1704, later altered)
* Frederiksberg Chapel, Frederiksberg (1710, with Christof Marselis and Wilhelm Friedrich von Platen )
* Riding Grounds at Frederiksborg Castle (1699, demolished)
* New Knight's Hall at Copenhagen Castle, Copenhagen (1700–01, demolished in 1730)
* Opera House, Fredericiagade, (Copenhagen) (1701–02, later altered, now part of High Court of Eastern Denmark)
* Avener's House, Slotsholmen, Copenhagen (1703–06, with Marselis and von Platen)
* Gyldenløve's Little Mansion, Bredgade/Dronningens Tværgade, Copenhagen (1700–02, later altered, now Håndværkerforeningen)
# Tanase

Tanase may refer to:
* the Romanian name and surname Tănase
* Tănase River, a river in Romania
* Tanasi, a Cherokee town near present-day Vonore, Tennessee
# Vologeso

Il Vologeso is the title of several operas, based on the same story as Apostolo Zeno's Lucio Vero, but in a later version (1700), which had first been set to music as Vologeso, re de' Parti by Rinaldo di Capua in 1739 to a libretto by Guido Eustachio Luccarelli.
The best-known version, and the only one to be revived and recorded in the modern era, is Il Vologeso (1766), an opera by Niccolò Jommelli. The same libretto was also set by many other composers, including Antonio Sacchini and Davide Perez. It was set at least fifteen times under the title Lucio Vero and at least five under the title Il Vologeso. It was also set by Ariosti under the title Lucio Vero, imperator di Roma (1727), by Reinhard Keiser under the title Lucius Verus (1728) and by Davide Perez under the title Berenice (1762). Following contemporary tastes, the librettos were altered in the course of the century to shorten recitatives and simplify the plot.

## Plot

The plot concerns king Vologeso (based on Vologases IV of Parthia, 148–191) who is deposed by Lucio Vero (loosely based on Lucius Verus, 130–169) and restored by another Roman, Flavio (created for the story by Zeno).
# François J. Terby

François J. Terby (9 August 1846 – 20 March 1911) was a Belgian astronomer. He had a private observatory at Leuven, Belgium and was an early ardent advocate of the existence of Martian canals.
He collected drawings of Mars and wrote the work Aréographie in 1875. He tracked down the Mars drawings of Johann Hieronymus Schröter and deposited them at Leiden University, where they would eventually finally be published in 1881.
A crater on Mars (Terby) is named after him.
# Aleksander Eduard Thomson

Aleksander Eduard Thomson (31 January 1845, in Pringi – 20 October 1917, in Petrograd) was an Estonian composer. He is regarded as the founder of Estonian national choral music.
In 1865, he graduated from Latvian musical pedagogue Jānis Cimze's seminar in Valga. From 1870 to 1872 he studied mathematics at the University of Tartu. He then worked as a teacher in Kanepi and Vana-Võidu near Viljandi and in the German church school in Petergof, Russia. At that time he was already organizing choral events with a relatively large number of participants.
Thomson is considered to be one of the founders of the folk music choral tradition in Estonia. He had written about 70 choral songs, of which best known are "Kannel" ('Kantele') and "Laula, laula, suukene" ('Sing, sing o mouth'). Many of his songs are based on folk tunes. He often took the texts of his songs from folk poetry, but also from the works of Carl Robert Jakobson, Lydia Koidula and Friedrich Robert Faehlmann. During arranging the songs, he tried to remove anything related to German.
Thomson married Ida Alvine Jakobson, who was the sister of Estonian writer, politician and teacher Carl Robert Jakobson.

## Songs

* "Kantele"
* "Sing, sing o mouth"
* "Kannel"
* "Laula, laula, suukene"
* "Arg kosilane"
* "Ketra Liisu"
* "Pulmalaul"
* "Sokukene"
* "Tantsulaul"
# Strong House (Vassar College)

Strong House (originally Strong Hall) is a dormitory at Vassar College named after Bessie Rockefeller Strong, the oldest daughter of oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, who was largely responsible for funding the building's construction. It used to be the only all female dormitory remaining after Vassar went coeducational in 1969. However, Strong House currently identifies as a gender inclusive dorm. The building was designed by Francis R. Allen and was completed in 1893.
It is located at Vassar College, in Poughkeepsie, New York.
# Ficklin

Ficklin may refer to:
* Ficklin, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Illinois, United States
* Ben Ficklin, Texas, county seat of Tom Green County from 1875 to 1882
* Ficklin-Crawford Cottage, historic house located at Charlottesville, Virginia
People
* Benjamin Franklin Ficklin (1827–1871), graduate of the Virginia Military Institute, Class of 1849
* Orlando B. Ficklin (1808–1886), U.S. Representative from Illinois
* Horatio Pettus Mackintosh Berney-Ficklin (1892–1961), a senior British Army officer