OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cramock Burn

Cramock Burn is an historic 2.7 mi (4.3 km)-long watercourse in Scone, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is a tributary of the River Tay, which it joins just north of where the River Almond flows into the Tay, on the Perth side of the river. On an 1804 estate map, it is described as a "small sluggish stream".

## Course

The burn is sourced from a spring just north of New Scone and northeast of an area known in the early 19th century as Spoutwells. From there, it flows west and passes under an unnamed road. Shortly thereafter, still continuing west, almost parallel with Gelly Burn, around 0.5 miles (0.80 km) to the north, it passes beneath the A93 to the northeast of Old Scone. Turning slightly south, it passes beneath Stormontfield Road before flowing past the northern edge of Perth Racecourse. Around 0.45 miles (0.72 km) later, it empties into the River Tay near Garragie Bank.
An 1886 Gardeners' Chronicle article described the burn as passing Balboughty Farm.

## Flooding concern

In 2019, concerns from residents were raised that groundwater and drainage from the Cross Tay Link Road would cause the burn to overflow.
# Aigle-class destroyer

The Aigle-class destroyers (contre-torpilleurs) were built for the French navy during the 1920s. They were very similar to the previous Guepard class, the only difference being improved machinery with higher pressure boilers, offering an additional 0.5 knots (0.93 km/h; 0.58 mph) of speed and a new model 138 mm gun with a sliding breech block giving a higher rate of fire. The ships were named after birds.

## Ships

* Aigle (Eagle; pennant numbers 5, 6 and X13)
    Built by Ateliers et Chantiers de France, Dunkirk
    Launched 19 February 1931
    Completed 10 October 1932
    Scuttled 27 November 1942
    Refloated 10 July 1943.
    Bombed and sunk 24 November 1943
    Broken up in situ 1952.
* Vautour (Vulture; pennant numbers 6, 5, 73, X71)
    Built by Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, La Seyne
    Launched 26 August 1930
    Completed 2 May 1932
    Scuttled 27 November 1942
    Refloated 17 January 1943
    Bombed and sunk 4 February 1944
    Broken up in situ 1951
* Albatros (3, 2, 5, 72, X73, X77, F762, D614)
    built by Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes
    Launched 27 June 1930
    Completed 25 December 1931
    Decommissioned 9 September 1959
* Gerfaut (Gyrfalcon - 4, 71, X72)
    Built by Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne, Nantes
    Launched 14 June 1930
    Completed 30 January 1932
    Scuttled 27 November 1942
    Refloated 1 June 1943.
    Partly scrapped June–September 1943
    Hulk bombed and sunk 7 March 1944
    Broken up in situ 1948
* Milan (Kite - 1, 4, X113, X111)
    Built by Arsenal de Lorient
    Launched 13 October 1931
    Completed 20 April 1934 -
    On 8 November 1942, off Casablanca, she was hit by 16-inch (400 mm) shells from the US fleet and had to be beached.
* Épervier (Sparrowhawk - 2, 5, X112)
    Built by Arsenal de Lorient,
    Launched 14 August 1931
    Completed 1 April 1934 -
    On 9 November 1942 she was sunk by HMS Aurora off Oran. She was raised, and eventually broken up in 1946.

## Service history

Three of the ships (Albatros, Épervier and Milan) were stationed in Morocco as part of the Vichy French navy, and engaged Allied forces in the battle of Casablanca during Operation Torch. Along with the unfinished battleship Jean Bart, they engaged the Allied 'Covering Group', a taskforce based on the battleship USS Massachusetts. Milan and Épervier both ran aground after being damaged in the battle; Albatros was damaged but, after her capture, was repaired after the war and used as a gunnery training vessel. Aigle was scuttled at Toulon, France, on 27 November 1942. She was later refloated and sunk a second time by United States Army Air Forces bombers on 24 November 1943. Later she was salvaged and scrapped. Vautour and Gerfaut were also scuttled at Toulon, but Vautour was raised again and sunk during an air raid on 4 February 1944.
# Teufelsloch (Teufelsbäder)

The Teufelsloch ("Devil's Hole") is a karst spring near Osterode am Harz in the German state of Lower Saxony.

## Description

The Teufelsloch is located southeast of Augustental in mature forest near the Karst Trail. It is a circular sinkhole with lustrous blue-green water. The stream that drains it feeds the Teufelsbäder moor to the west, and then flows through the Apenke to the river Söse. After heavy rain, other springs rise in the area around its banks that give the karst water in the Teufelsloch a brownish colour. The Teufelsloch lies within the Nature Reserve.

## Folk stories

In earlier times, the Teufelsloch was perceived as something rather threatening. The origin of its shimmering blue waters rising from eerie depths could not be explained by the people. They talked of will-o'-the-wisps of human size, who would lure wanderers at night over a bent tree into the Teufelsloch. Others believed that the devil in the form of a giant one-eyed fish with a needle-sharp bite, lurked in the water.
# Wenxi (disambiguation)

Wenxi may refer to the following places in China:
* Wenxi County (闻喜县), Yuncheng, Shanxi
* Wenxi, Zhejiang (温溪镇), town and subdivision of Qingtian County, Zhejiang
* Wenxi Township, Hunan (文溪乡), township and subdivision of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, Hunan
* Wenxi Township, Sichuan (闻溪乡), township in Jiange County, Sichuan
# Cultural deprivation

Cultural deprivation is a theory in sociology where a person has inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge. The theory states that people of lower social classes experience cultural deprivation compared with those above and that this disadvantages them, as a result of which the gap between classes increases.
For example, in education, lower-class students can suffer from cultural deprivation as their parents do not know the best school for their child, but middle-class parents "know the system", and so can send their children to the best school for them. This puts the lower-class students at a disadvantage, thus increasing inequality and the gap between middle-class and lower-class students.
Proponents of this theory argue that working class culture (regardless of race, gender, ethnicity or other factors) inherently differs from that of people in the middle class. This difference in culture means that while middle-class children can easily acquire cultural capital by observing their parents, working-class children cannot, and this deprivation is self-perpetuating.
The theory claims that the middle class gains cultural capital as the result of primary socialization, while the working class does not. Cultural capital helps the middle class succeed in society because their norms and values facilitate educational achievement and subsequent employability. Working-class members of society that lack cultural capital do not pass it on to their children, perpetuating the class system. Middle-class children's cultural capital allows them to communicate with their middle-class teachers more effectively than working-class children and this contributes to social inequality.
Bourdieu claimed that state schools are set up to make everybody middle-class, although only the middle class and some high-achieving working class have the cultural capital to achieve this. From a Marxist perspective, cultural deprivation observes that the resources available to the working class are limited and that working-class children enter school less well-prepared than others.

## Sources

* Willis, Paul E. (1977). Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05357-0.
* Webb, Jen; Schirato, Tony; Danaher, Geoff (29 March 2002). Understanding Bourdieu. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-7463-5.
* Morais, Ana; Neves, I.; Davies, B.; Daniels, H. (1 January 2001). Towards a Sociology of Pedagogy: The Contributions of Basil Bernstein to Research. Peter Lang Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8204-5585-3.
# Lotman

Lotman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Aleksei Lotman (born 1960), Estonian biologist, son of Juri Lotman
* Herb Lotman (1933–2014), U.S. food industry magnate
* Juri Lotman (1922–1993), Russian formalist critic, semiotician, and culturologist
* Mihhail Lotman (born 1952), son of Juri Lotman, Estonian literature researcher and politician
# Lepidobotrys

Lepidobotrys is a flowering plant genus in the family Lepidobotryaceae. It contains only one species, Lepidobotrys staudtii. L. staudtii is a small African tree, ranging from Cameroon eastward to Ethiopia.
The tannin 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid is found in L. staudtii.

## Taxonomic history

Lepidobotrys staudtii was named and described by Adolf Engler in 1902 and placed by him in the family Linaceae. It was regarded as somewhat of an anomaly and during the 20th century, was assigned to various families by different authors. Hans G. Hallier and Reinhard Knuth put it in Oxalidaceae. In 1950, Jean Leonard became the first to put it in a family by itself, which he thought to be close to Linaceae. Arthur Cronquist, agreeing with Hallier and Knuth, put it in Oxalidaceae. Adding to the confusion was the lack of any strong basis for placing these and related families into orders.

## Etymology

Lepidobotrys is derived from Greek, meaning 'scale-cluster'. The name is in reference to the cone-like arrangement of its bracts, which extend under the flowers.
# Fill-In (puzzle)

Fill-Ins, also known as Fill-It-Ins or Word Fill-Ins, are a variation of the common crossword puzzle in which words, rather than clues, are given, and the solver must work out where to place them. Fill-Ins are common in puzzle magazines along with word searches, cryptograms, and other logic puzzles. Some people consider Fill-Ins to be an easier version of the crossword. Since the Fill-In requires no outside knowledge of specific subjects, one can solve the puzzle in another language.
Solving a Fill-In usually requires trial-and-error. A first word is often given to help the solver start, but some difficult puzzles require the solver to begin from scratch without any help. Word entries are listed alphabetically by the number of letters.

## Rules

The solver is given a grid and a list of words. To solve the puzzle correctly, the solver must find a solution that fits all of the available words into the grid. Generally, these words are listed by number of letters, and further alphabetically. Many times, one word is filled in for the solver to help them begin the game.

## Solution methods

Solving a Fill-In typically amounts to searching for words of a certain length with letters in specific places. If a starter word is given in the grid, using it as the beginning search point is often useful. Raw "trial and error" is best used when only two or three words can potentially fit at a given location; temporarily assume one of the words, and see if an impossible letter combination results. If so, that word is not the one that should go in the grid at that location. Smaller words may be easier to fit in the grid, but longer words give more clues to connecting words.
Care must be given to marking out words that are not explicitly placed in the grid; this occurs when one fills in a vertical sequence of horizontal words, or vice versa. Forgetting to do this results in "extra words" and often makes the puzzle more difficult to solve.
* Starting grid for a simple Fill-In. The word list is: GI IO ON OR DAG EVO OED REF ARID CLEF CLOD DAIS DENS DOLE EDIT SILO ARTICLE VESICLE
* Solved Fill-In

## Variations

A common variation on the standard Fill-In is using numbers, instead of specific words, sometimes called "cross numbers". In this puzzle, the entries could be listed as the number, a mathematical expression, or even an important year.
A more complex variation on the Fill-In is the "diagramless" Fill-In, where the grid is initially empty. Another variation is having no words listed at all, but gathering them from a known group of words, such as the fifty American states.
# Aigle Castle

Aigle Castle is a castle in the municipality of Aigle of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

## History

The Barons of Aigle were first mentioned in 1179. At that time they had a small fortification, that became the center of the modern castle, along the road over the Col du Pillon and Col des Mosses passes of the Rhone. However, only traces of this first castle have been archaeologically discovered.
Some time before 1200, the Barons of Aigle ended up as vassals of the powerful Counts of Savoy. In 1232, Count Thomas of Savoy granted Aigle as a fief to the brothers Jacob and Peter of Saillon in exchange for their ancestral castle in Valais. The Saillon family seems to have been closely related with the barons of Aigle.
In the second half of the 13th century, Aigle expanded and received a city charter. The castle was rebuilt, with a fortified donjon and a curtain wall.
In the 14th century, the Lords of Compey inherited the rights of the Saillon family. They were also vassals of the Counts of Savoy and made Aigle into their headquarters. They added turrets and in 1450 built a massive tower in the south corner. This tower was an example of late French Donjon architecture.
Starting in the mid-15th century, Bern tried to control the city, to gain control of the important mountain passes into the Rhone Valley. Their first unsuccessful attempt was in 1464. The Burgundian Wars (1474–1477), which brought the Swiss Confederation into conflict with Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy, brought another opportunity. Because Savoy had joined the Burgundian side, Swiss forces attacked the Savoy town of Aigle and devastated the castle. Jean de Compey had to flee and was killed soon afterward in Vevey. His son died fighting for Charles the Bold.
After the war, the Compey family were unable to recover their title to the town or castle. Bern had the castle rebuilt again in 1488 and made it the seat of a provincial governor. Aigle became one of the first French speaking districts in Bern. The representatives of Bern resided here until the French invasion and creation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.
In 1804, the castle was acquired by the community of Aigle and until 1976 it was used as a cantonal jail. Since then, it has been a museum open to the public.

## Castle site

Today the castle is home to Musée de la Vigne et du Vin (Vine and wine museum). Next to the castle gates is the Maison de la Dîme, which houses the Musée de l’Étiquette (Wine-Labels Museum).
# Attulus distinguendus

Attulus distinguendus, also called the distinguished jumper spider, is a species of spider in the family Salticidae, the jumping spiders. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus Sitticus. It inhabits central and western Europe, the Palaearctic region, and eastern Asia.

## Description

The spider has four forward-facing eyes (two small ones on the sides, two large ones in the middle). Jumping spiders have good vision, second only to cephalopods among invertebrates. The species are grey coloured with brown dots.

## Taxonomy

In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus Attulus from the genus Attus. Simon gave Attus cinereus Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871 replacement name Attus helveolus is used instead. A. helveolus is now regarded as the same species as Attus distinguendus, described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus Attulus distinguendus (under the original name Attus distinguendus) is the type of the genus.

## Distribution

The species has a Palearctic distribution. It is found in only two UK regions: North Kent, and South Essex. The species can also be found in countries like: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania and the Netherlands. The species have also been recorded from Japan, the city of Shanxi and the South Yakutia.

## Ecology and habitat

The species prefers dry climate with a limited amount of vegetation. It lives in cement and stony clinker, and can be found in pulverised fuel ash as well. The spider feed in areas with a high salt concentration, which it finds on halophytic plants such as Salicornia.

## Threat level

The species are considered to be endangered in the Czech Republic, Norway, and in Flanders, Belgium. The species gained vulnerable status in Poland. The species are almost wiped out in Serbia.
# Svatopluk Skýva

Svatopluk Skýva (13 January 1910 – December 1979) was a Czech fencer. He competed in the individual and team sabre events at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
# Chestnut myotis

The chestnut myotis (Myotis badius) is a species of mouse-eared bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in South Asia.

## Taxonomy

The bat's initial holotype and paratypes were found in the Longxu, Xianren, Dashi, and Huyan Caves across the Yunnan province in China. Further analysis and comparison of these specimens with other Myotis species suggested that the Yunnan specimens possessed characteristics of baculum morphology and cranial proportions that made them a distinct species.
# Crotonylidene diurea

Crotonylidene diurea (CDU) is an organic compound formed by the condensation of crotonaldehyde with two equivalents of urea. It is a white, water-soluble solid. CDU is a component of some controlled-release fertilizers.
# Sri Shahu Mandir Mahavidyalaya

Sri Shahu Mandir Mahavidyalaya, also known as Shahu College, is an undergraduate and postgraduate coeducational college situated near Parvati Ramana, Pune, Maharashtra. It was established in the year 1960. The college is affiliated with Pune University and offers different courses in arts and commerce.

## Departments
### Arts and Commerce

* Marathi
* English
* Economics
* Psychology
* Geography
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
# Dale Donovan

Dale A. Donovan is a game designer who has worked primarily on role-playing games.

## Career

Dale Donovan began working in the hobby-gaming industry in 1989. A past editor of Dragon magazine, Donovan worked for TSR, Inc., Wizards of the Coast, and Hasbro for more than 12 years, during which time he had been an editor of Dragon magazine, spent four years on the Forgotten Realms campaign setting team, had a stint as a managing editor, and did work as a writer or editor on every roleplaying game line produced by the company during his tenure. He went freelance in 2002, and has worked for Green Ronin, Upper Deck, White Wolf/Sword & Sorcery, Sovereign Press, Steve Jackson Games, Guardians of Order, and the Valar Project, among others.

## Works

His Dungeons & Dragons design work has included Monstrous Compendium Spelljammer Appendix (1990), Monstrous Compendium Forgotten Realms Appendix II (1991), Unsung Heroes (1992), Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995), Planes of Conflict (1995), Dark Sun Campaign Setting, Expanded and Revised (1995), Jakandor, Island of War (1997), Children of the Night: Ghosts (1997), Cult of the Dragon (1998), Jakandor, Land of Legend (1998), and Jakandor, Isle of Destiny (1998).
# Live at the Village Vanguard (Chucho Valdés album)

Live at the Village Vanguard is an album by Chucho Valdés, released through Blue Note Records in 2000. In 2001, the album won Valdés the Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Album.

## Track listing

* "Anabis" (Valdés) – 9:44
* "Son XXI (Para Pia)" (Ubieta) – 5:27
* "Punto Cubano" (Valdés) – 6:18
* "My Funny Valentine" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 5:37
* "To Bud Powell" (Valdés) – 10:45
* "Drume Negrita" (Grenet) – 5:31
* "Como Traigo la Yuca" (Rodriquez) – 6:36
* "Ponle la Clave" (Valdés) – 9:36
* "Encore-Lorraine's Habanera" (Valdés) – 3:49

## Personnel

* Roberto Vizcaino Guillot - batá drums, congas
* Francisco Rubio Pampin - bass
* Raúl Píñeda Roque - drums
* Chucho Valdés - piano
* Mayra Caridad Valdés - vocals
# Fairview Mall (disambiguation)

Fairview Mall may refer to the following shopping centres in Canada:
* Fairview Mall, Toronto, Ontario
* CF Fairview Park (formerly known as Fairview Park Mall), Kitchener, Ontario
* Fairview Pointe-Claire, Pointe-Claire, Quebec
# USS Plunger (1895)

USS Plunger was an experimental submarine built for the United States Navy. She was ordered in 1895 and launched in 1897, but was never commissioned for active service. She is not to be confused with the later USS Plunger (SS-2), a.k.a. A-1, which served in the Navy from 1903 to 1913.

## Background

On 3 March 1893, the United States Congress authorized the first "submarine torpedo boat" to be built for the U.S. Navy. Inventor and submarine pioneer John P. Holland won a Navy design competition in 1895 to build it with his design for a submarine powered by a steam engine. The Navy ordered Holland's design and awarded a contract for her construction on 13 March 1895 to Holland's firm, the Holland Torpedo Boat Company. While building Plunger, Holland concluded that steam power would never be suitable in a submarine, and he abandoned construction of Plunger in favor of the construction of Holland VI, powered by a gasoline engine, which he funded personally. Accordingly, the Navy cancelled the contract for Plunger's construction in April 1900; the money paid towards her was credited to her successor USS Plunger (SS-2). That same month, it purchased Holland VI and commissioned her as its first submarine in November 1900 as USS Holland (SS-1).

## Experimental Plunger

The first Plunger (also called Holland V) was an experimental submarine which was evaluated by the United States Navy from 1898 to 1900. It was the fifth submarine designed and built by Irish engineer and inventor John Philip Holland. It was a 149-ton steam-powered submarine which had its design approved in October 1893 and built under a U.S. Navy contract issued in March 1895. Her features included three propellers, a steam engine plant, a retractable smokestack, thrusters to facilitate maneuvering, a camera lucida (an optical device serving as a periscope), and two torpedo tubes.
Plunger was constructed at the Columbia Iron Works in Baltimore, Maryland and launched on August 7, 1897, and the Navy conducted dock trials in 1898. Her complex steam power plant proved impractical for a submarine and the boat was not accepted for service by the Navy. The Navy considered reconstructing Plunger with new engines in July 1899 but decided against it. The contract was canceled between Holland and the Navy in 1900, and the money already outlaid was applied to the cost of purchasing a new submarine which became USS Plunger (SS-2). The original Plunger was kept by the Holland Torpedo Boat Company at its Holland Torpedo Boat Station in New Suffolk on Long Island, New York. She remained unused until she was scrapped in 1917.
Holland applied lessons learned from Plunger to the design of Holland VI, which was accepted by the Navy and commissioned as USS Holland. The name Plunger was given to the lead ship of the first multi-ship class of U.S. Navy submarines.

### Specifications

* Length - 85 feet
* Diameter - 12 feet
* Displacement - 168 tons
* Armament - two torpedo tubes