OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Army Historical Foundation

Army Historical Foundation is the designated fundraising institution for the National Museum of the United States Army. The foundation also has given out awards to authors of books on military history topics since 1997. The awards are known as the Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Awards. It publishes the quarterly journal On Point.

## Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Awards

The Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Awards are given out to books on Army history as well as to authors of journal articles.

### 2020 Awards

Caption text :
| Category | Title | Authors | Publisher |
| Biography | Courage Above All Things: General John Ellis Wool and the U.S. Military, 1812–1863 | Harwood P. Hinton and Jerry Thompson | University of Oklahoma Press |
| Operational/Battle History | The US Volunteers in the Southern Philippines: Counterinsurgency, Pacification, and Collaboration, 1899–1901 | John Scott Reed | University Press of Kansas |
| Institutional/Functional History | Civil War Supply and Strategy: Feeding Men and Moving Armies | Earl J. Hess | |
| Journals, Memoirs, and Letters | Rangers Led the Way: WWII Army Rangers in Their Own Words | Chris Ketcherside and George Despotis, MD | Schiffer Military |
| Unit History | To the Last Man: National Guard Regiment in the Great War, 1917–1919 | Jonathan D. Bratten | Army University Press |
| Reference and Compilation | Civil War Flags of Tennessee | Stephen D. Cox | University of Tennessee Press |
| Academic Journals | “‘Our Army will hut this Winter at Valley Forge’: George Washington, Decision Making, and the Councils of War” | Ricardo A. Herrera | Army History, Fall 2020 |
| Journals and Magazines | “‘Ernie Was One of Us’” | Ray Morris Jr. | MHQ–The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Autumn 2020. |

### 2019 Awards

Caption text :
| Category | Title | Authors | Publisher |
| Biography | Edward M. Almond and the US Army: From the 92nd Infantry Division to the X Corps | Michael E. Lynch | University Press of Kentucky |
| Operational/Battle History | Vicksburg: Grant’s Campaign That Broke the Confederacy | Donald L. Miller | Simon and Schuster |
| Institutional/Functional History | Contest for Liberty: Military Leadership in the Continental Army, 1775–1783 | Seanegan P. Sculley | Westholme Publishing |
| Journals, Memoirs, and Letters | Every Man a Hero: A Memoir of D-Day, the First Wave at Omaha Beach, and a World at War | Ray Lambert and Jim DeFelice | William Morrow |
| Unit History | The Petersburg Regiment in the Civil War: A History of the 12th Virginia Infantry from John Brown’s Hanging to Appomattox, 1859–1865 | John Horn | Savas Beatie |
| Reference and Compilation | World War II Infographics | Jean Lopez, Nicholas Aubin, Vincent Bernard, and Nicolas Guillerat | Thames & Hudson |
| Academic Journals | “The Deadliest Enemy: The U.S. Army and Influenza, 1918–1919,” | Kathleen M. Fargey | Army History, Spring 2019 |
| Journals and Magazines | “Black Soldiers Fought Segregation, Germans,” | Lt. Gen. Daniel P. Bolger, U.S. Army retired | Army, December 2019 |
# Trial consulting

Trial consulting is the use of social scientists, particularly psychologists and communication experts, and economists, to aid attorneys in the presentation of a criminal trial or civil lawsuit. Modern trial consultants help prepare witnesses, improve arguments and rhetoric, focus group and mock trials, change of venue surveys, and select juries.

## Overview

Traditionally sophisticated jury selection methods were a mainstay of trial consultants, they now "place far less emphasis on jury selection than they did in the past", and many in the field now prefer the term "trial consulting" to "jury consulting". Since many cases are now settled out of court or decided by arbitration, some trial consulting firms have diversified to include mock mediation and arbitration sessions. This is also the reason that many jury/trial consultants are now referring to themselves as "litigation consultants".
The traditional mainstays of trial consulting remain important. They include witness preparation, shadow juries, mock trials, focus groups, community attitude surveys, and expert assistance with trial presentation.
# Exidia pithya

Exidia pithya is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are gelatinous, black, and button-shaped at first, later coalescing and drying to form tar-like patches. The species grows on dead branches of conifers in continental Europe.

## Taxonomy

The species was originally found growing on pine in Germany and was described in 1805 by the German mycologists Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz.

## Description

Exidia pithya forms grey-black to brown-black, gelatinous fruit bodies that are button-shaped at first, coalescing with age and forming effused patches up to 20 cm long. The upper, spore-bearing surface is normally smooth, becoming slightly furrowed, occasionally with a few scattered pegs or warts. The spore print is white.

### Microscopic characters

The microscopic characters are typical of the genus Exidia. The basidia are ellipsoid and septate. The spores are cylindrical to weakly allantoid (sausage-shaped), 11 to 15 by 4 to 5 μm.

### Similar species

Fruit bodies of Exidia glandulosa and E. nigricans are similarly coloured, but occur on broad leaved trees. Fruit bodies of E. saccharina and E. umbrinella occur on conifers, but are brown to orange-brown.

## Habitat and distribution

Exidia pithya is a wood-rotting species, typically found on dead branches. It was originally described from pine (Pinus species), but is more common on spruce (Picea species) and less common on fir and larch (Abies and Larix species). It is widely distributed throughout continental Europe from Scandinavia to Turkey, but is absent from the British Isles.
# Tribal Army

Tribal Army may refer to:
* Galway United F.C., which is nicknamed the "Tribal Army"
* Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes, which are also known as the "Tribal Army"
# Armée Juive

The Armée Juive (Jewish Army), was a Zionist resistance movement in Nazi occupied Vichy France during World War II which was created during January 1942 in Toulouse. It was established and led by Abraham Polonski and his wife Eugénie, the socialist Lucien Lublin, Russian poet David Knout, and his wife Ariadna Scriabina (daughter of the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin).
Armée Juive was originally called the Mouvement des Jeunesses Sionistes (M.J.S.). Its intention was to protect threatened Jews and take their fighting skills back to Palestine to help create a Jewish State there. At its height, it had over 2,000 members and was primarily concerned with helping Jews escape to Spain via the Pyrenees although it also conducted attacks and sabotage operations.
The first members of the AJ were recruited from a Torah study group headed by Rabbi Paul Roitman (1920). They included Arnold Mandel, Elie Rothnemer, Claude Strauss (writer Claude Vigée) and Maurice Hausner. They received funds to finance their activities from Marc Jarblum, the socialist president of the refugee Zionist Organization of France which operated from Switzerland.
The Army became the Organisation Juive de Combat and was officially registered under the French Forces of the Interior (FFI).
   Placing my right hand on the blue and white flag,
   I swear fidelity to the Jewish Army
   And obedience to its leaders.
   May my people live again,
   May Eretz-Israel be reborn.
   Liberty or death. - the oath of the Armée Juive.

## Notable members

* Frida Wattenberg (1924–2020)
* Jacques Lazarus
* Maurice Loebenberg
* Georges Loinger
* Arnold Mandel [fr]
* Marcel Marceau
* René Polski [fr]
* Cécile Reims
# Colori

Colori (lit. '"Colours"') is a collection of poems by Italian poet Virgilio Giotti published in Florence in 1941. The poems are in the Triestine dialect, and were composed in the 1930s. The work features some of Giotti's most intense poems.

## Overview

The poems contained in the 1941 collection were composed by Giotti, the other great Triestine poet alongside Saba, in the first half of the 1930s. Among them are some of his most intense poems: "from Con Bolàffio to the Album de primavera section. The section La morte is also very important, with the presentiments that emerge in El pergoleto and La casa." This book of poetry "is also the novel of a city and a family, where over the years Giotti adds dream and fantasy characters to the real ones, creating a sort of Spoon River of memory."
In 1943, a collection of poems, also titled Colori, was published in Diego Valeri's series L'Arcobaleno by the publishing house Le Tre Venezie. This collection included all of Giotti's poems, together with some unpublished ones, including El paradiso, fundamental in that it is "representative of what Claudio Magris, together with Biagio Marin, defined as the «sanctity» of Giotti's familiar affections."
# Facebook privacy and copyright hoaxes

The Facebook privacy and copyright hoaxes are a collection of internet hoaxes claiming that posting a status on Facebook constitutes a legal notice protecting one's posts from copyright infringement or providing privacy protection to one's profile information and posted content. The hoax takes the form of a Facebook status that urges others to post the same or a similar status.
The hoax first became popular in May and June 2012, but has since re-appeared multiple times, including in November 2012 and again in January and September 2015. A number of high-profile individuals such as Rick Perry have fallen victim to the hoax.
The hoaxes are based on several false assumptions, including that Facebook becoming a public company in May 2012 affects how it treats user information, that posting certain content online can protect someone from adverse legal consequences, and that Facebook can significantly change its terms of service agreement without providing notification of those changes.
# Trephionus

Trephionus is a genus of ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are about 19 described species in Trephionus, found in Japan. Five of these were new species described in 2018.

## Description

All the species are reddish brown to black in color with a shiny surface. Mouthpart appendages and antennae are yellowish to reddish brown, and the legs are light to blackish brown. There are no hind wings. The eyes are less convex, the pronotum is moderately convex, and the elytra are oblong and moderately convex.

## Species

* Trephionus abiba Sasakawa & Itô, 2018
* Trephionus babai Habu, 1978
* Trephionus bifidilobatus Sasakawa & Itô, 2018
* Trephionus chujoi Habu, 1961
* Trephionus cylindriphallus Sasakawa, 2018
* Trephionus igai Ueno, 1955
* Trephionus inexpectatus Sasakawa, 2018
* Trephionus karosai Ueno, 1955
* Trephionus kinoshitai Habu, 1954
* Trephionus kyushuensis Habu, 1978
* Trephionus microphthalmus Ueno, 1955
* Trephionus mikii Habu, 1966
* Trephionus nikkoensis Bates, 1883
* Trephionus niumontanus Sasakawa, 2018
* Trephionus obscurus Ueno, 1955
* Trephionus shibataianus Habu, 1978
* Trephionus sordidatus Habu, 1954
* Trephionus subcavicola Ueno, 1955
* Trephionus takakurai Habu, 1954
# Arrianus

Arrianus may refer to:
* Arrianus (bishop), bishop of Ionia, (c. 363–?) and an Anomoean
* Arrianus (jurist), Roman jurisconsult
* Arrianus (poet), Greek poet who made a Greek translation in hexameter verse of Virgil's Georgics, possibly conflated with Adrianus (poet)
* Arrian or Arrianus (c. 86/89–c. after 146/160), Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period
* Arrianus (historian), historical writer of probably around the 3rd century CE
* Lucius Annius Arrianus, Roman consul 243 CE
* Arrianus (astronomer), Greek astronomer
# Arrianus (jurist)

Arrianus was a Roman jurisconsult of uncertain date. He probably lived under Trajan, and, according to the conjecture of Grotius, is perhaps the same person as the orator Arrianus, who corresponded with Pliny the Younger. He may also possibly be identical with the Arrianus Severus, praefectus aerarii, whose opinion concerning a constitution Divi Trajani is cited by Aburnus Valens. He wrote a treatise de Interdictis of which the second book is quoted in the Pandects in an extract from Ulpian. In that extract, Proculus, who lived under Tiberius, is mentioned in such a manner, that he might be supposed to have written after Arrianus. There is no direct extract from Arrianus in the Pandects, though he is several times mentioned.
# Arriagadoolithus

Arriagadoolithus is the oogenus of fossil eggs which includes the eggs of the alvarezsaurid Bonapartenykus. Fossils of the creature were found in Patagonia; it may have brooded on its eggs.

## Description

Arriagadoolithus patagoniensis is known from two partial eggs both found associated with a skeleton of Bonapartenykus ultimus. The eggs are about 77 mm (3.0 in) in maximum width, but the length of the eggs and whether or not they were symmetric are unknown.
Unlike most non-avian dinosaur eggs, Arriagadoolithus's shell has three layers (external, prismatic, and mammillary). The shell is approximately 1 mm (0.039 in) thick.
The outer surface of its eggshell is covered with two distinct ornamentation patterns: the unique dendro-reticulate ornament, made up of randomly interconnecting ridges with nodes along the ridges or where they intersect; and the plexi-ramo-tuberculate ornament, made up of widely spaced irregularly shaped nodes and ridges. The dendro-reticulate ornamentation was found only on fragments.
The pores of Arriagadoolithus are unusually wide, with funnel-like openings up to 271 μm in diameter. The pores cut straight through the eggshell (representing a tubocanaliculate pore system) or obliquely (obliquicanaliculate pore system).

## Palaeobiology

Even though they contain no embryos, Arriagadoolithus eggs are known to belong to the alvarezsaurid dinosaur Bonapartenykus because the fossils were found in close association. It is possible that the Bonapartenykus was sitting on the eggs, representing another instance of brooding in dinosaur parents such as oviraptorids or Troodon. However, no nest was found associated with the remains, so Agnolin et al. 2012 believed that brooding is implausible. They alternately suggested that the eggs may not have been laid yet and were still inside the Bonapartenykus when they were fossilized.
Fossilized remains of fungal growths were discovered on the inside of the eggshell, similar to the discovery of fungi within a turtle egg in China. The fungus probably contaminated the Arriagadoolithus eggs while they still contained organic material.

## Classification

Arriagadoolithus is a monotypic oogenus containing A. patagoniensis. It is classified alongside Triprismatoolithus in the oofamily Arriagadoolithidae.

## Distribution

The two eggs of Arriagadoolithus were found in Río Negro Province, Patagonia, Argentina, though presumably the same type of eggs existed throughout Bonapartenykus's distribution, including Neuquén Province as well. It is dated to the Santonian to Maastrichtian stages of the Upper Cretaceous.
# Collix ustimacula

Collix ustimacula is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in New Guinea.
# Malcolm Shepherd

Malcolm Shepherd may refer to:
* Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd (1918–2001), British Labour politician and peer
* Malcolm Shepherd (public servant) (1873–1960), senior Australian public servant
# Gibraltar women's national under-16 basketball team

The Gibraltar women's national under-16 basketball team is a national basketball team of Gibraltar, administered by the Gibraltar Amateur Basketball Association. It represents the country in women's international under-16 basketball competitions.

## FIBA U16 Women's EuroBasket participations

| Year | Result in Division C |
| 2000 | 6th |
| 2002 | 6th |
| 2004 | 4th |
| 2006 | 4th |
| 2008 | 6th |
| 2010 | 6th |
| 2011 | 5th |
| 2012 | 4th |
| 2013 | 4th |
| Year | Result in Division C |
| 2014 | 5th |
| 2015 | 5th |
| 2016 | 5th |
| 2017 | 6th |
| 2018 | 8th |
| 2019 | 7th |
| 2023 | 8th |
| 2024 | 8th |
# Vulsirea nigrorubra

Vulsirea nigrorubra is a species of stink bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is found in the Caribbean.
# Langhorne Creek

Langhorne Creek may refer to:
* Langhorne Creek, South Australia
* Langhorne Creek wine region
# Antonio Manganelli

Antonio Manganelli (8 December 1950 – 20 March 2013) was an Italian police chief, and head of Polizia di Stato from June, 2007, when he replaced Gianni De Gennaro.
Manganelli was born in Avellino. He graduated from Naples University and Modena University. Manganelli was close to Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino during the 1980s in a crime-fighting group. Manganelli's plans helped take down Sicilian Mafiosos, Nitto Santapaola and Giuseppe Lucchese, plus many other Sicilian criminals. In 1995, he was appointed as chief of Palermo and Naples. He served as deputy chief of police in 2000 until he became the official chief of police. He died in Rome, aged 63.
His family name translates into English as "batons".
# Utricularia lasiocaulis

Utricularia lasiocaulis is an annual terrestrial carnivorous plant that belongs to the genus Utricularia (family Lentibulariaceae). Its distribution ranges from Western Australia through the Northern Territory and into Queensland, Australia.
The species was named by Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1885 and is characterised by large fanlike flowers in violet and yellow.
# Edith Agoye

Edith Olumide Alumeida Agoye (born 19 January 1976) is a Nigerian retired footballer who last played for Shooting Stars S.C.

## Career

Agoye along with his former teammate Wasiu Taiwo moved in the summer of 2008 to Shooting Stars SC. He became an assistant coach for 3 SC in 2013. He resigned as Head coach in 2019 after 3SC failed to get promoted.
# Udo Dahmen

Udo Dahmen (born 12 July 1951 in Aachen, West Germany) is a drummer, author and CEO of the Popakademie Baden-Württemberg.

## Life

Udo Dahmen studied classical percussion in Aachen and Cologne from 1971 to 1976. In Paris he was trained by Dante Agostini.
As a session drummer, Dahmen played together with different popular acts such as Kraan, Eberhard Schöner (feat. Sting, Gianna Nannini, Nina Hagen, Jack Bruce, Gary Brooker), Sarah Brightman, Lake, Inga Rumpf, Charly Mariano and many more. Among those, at least ten records made it to the top ten in Germany.
From 1983 to 2003 Udo Dahmen was professor at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg. In 1995 he became president of the European drummers' association Percussion Creativ.
Since 2003, Dahmen is vice president of the German Music Council and director of the Popular Music Department at Popakademie Baden-Württemberg in Mannheim.

## Publications

* Zwischen Kunst und Pädagogik. Profimusiker unterrichten Jazz und Rock, LAG Musik NRW, Remscheid 1992
* Drumbook, AMA-Verlag, Brühl 1994
* Rhythmisches Training. In: Populäre Musik und Pädagogik, Lüneburg 1994
* Musikalische Reisen für Amateure und Profis. In: Populäre Musik und Pädagogik 2, Lüneburg 1996
* Bodypercussion. In: Musik und Unterricht, Velber 1997
# Trent River (Ontario)

The Trent River is a river in southeastern Ontario which flows from Rice Lake to empty into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario. This river is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway which leads to Georgian Bay. The river is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long. The Trent drains a large portion of south-central Ontario, including most of the Kawartha Lakes and their supplying watersheds.
The river is host to numerous species of birds, amphibians and fish. Some species of fish in the river include: Smallmouth bass, Largemouth bass, Pike, Walleye, Freshwater drums, Crappie, as well as other smaller fish such as Sunfish, Rock Bass and Bluegill.
Located in traditional territory of the Mississauga Anishinaabek, Trent River's name in Ojibwe is both "zaagidawijiwanaang", and "Saugechewigewonk", meaning "Strong Rapids Waters".
Tributaries of this river include the Crowe River and the Otonabee River, which runs through the city of Peterborough, Ontario. Trent University, located in Peterborough, is named after the region, and looked to provide university education to the area.
In 2008 water soldier plant was reported found along the shore line. The plant is imported from Europe. It is a common pond plant, purchased in garden stores. It has sharp leaves and is a possible concern as the plant spreads quickly using asexual reproduction.
# Vrbičany

Vrbičany may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
* Vrbičany (Kladno District), a municipality and village in the Central Bohemian Region
* Vrbičany (Litoměřice District), a municipality and village in the Ústí nad Labem Region
# Malcolm McCullough

Malcolm McCullough (born June 1, 1957) is a professor at the University of Michigan's Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. He has lectured widely on Urban Computing and place-based Interaction Design.
# Anatoliy Mushyk

Anatoliy Mushyk (born 11 August 1981) is a Ukrainian weightlifter. He competed in the men's middle heavyweight event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
# Gansu shrew

The Gansu shrew (Sorex cansulus) is a red-toothed shrew found only in a small part of Gansu province and other adjacent areas of China. With its very limited range, it is sensitive to habitat loss and is listed as a "vulnerable species" in the Chinese Red List, while the IUCN lists it as being "data deficient"

## Taxonomy

The Gansu shrew was first described in 1912 by the British zoologist Oldfield Thomas, who named it Sorex cansulus. It closely resembles Laxmann's shrew (Sorex caecutiens), a common species with a wide range, and there were doubts as to the validity of the species. However, the discovery more recently of other locations where it appears to co-exist with S. caecutiens lends support to the validity of the species.

## Description

The Gansu shrew has a head-and-body length of 62 to 64 mm (2.4 to 2.5 in), with a tail of 38 to 43 mm (1.5 to 1.7 in). The hind foot measures 12 mm (0.5 in). The dorsal fur is greyish-brown with buff flanks and hazel-coloured underparts. Both the fore feet and the hind feet are brownish-white. The upper side of the tail is dark brown while the underside is paler.

## Distribution

The Gansu shrew is endemic to the province of Gansu in central China, where it is found at altitudes between about 2,600 and 3,000 m (8,500 and 9,800 ft). At one time known only from two sites in the immediate vicinity of the type locality in southern Gansu, it has since been recorded additionally from the southwestern part of the province, close to the border with Qinghai province, and from a single location in the east of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

## Status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature does not have enough information on this species to rate its conservation status, and has listed it as being "data deficient". It is listed as "vulnerable" in the Chinese Red List.