OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# William Jones (English footballer, born 1876)

William John Jones (6 March 1876 – 25 September 1959) was an England international footballer who played as a right half. Jones made over 180 Football League appearances prior to the First World War.

## Career

Jones was born in Brighton and earned one cap for England in a 3–0 win v Ireland at the Dell on 9 March 1901 while playing professionally for Bristol City.
Jones began his football career with Long Eaton Rangers before joining Wellington Athletic. He moved into the Second Division of the Football League when he joined Loughborough and was top scorer in 1896–97. Jones was the first player signed for Bristol City by new manager Sam Hollis in 1897. Jones made 8 appearances scoring 2 goals in 1897–98 when Bristol City finished runners up in the Southern Football League, he also made 9 appearances and scored 6 goals in the Western League championship winning side. Jones scored 4 goals in the 14–1 win v Eastleigh on 26 January 1898. Jones was the regular right half in 1898–99 making 23 appearances when City again finished as runners up in the Southern League. Jones missed only one match in 1899–1900, he began as right half but moved to centre forward when Alex Caie was transferred to Millwall. Jones made 31 appearances and scored 15 goals including 4 goals in the 5–1 win v Sheppey United on 3 March 1900. The following season Bristol City were runners up again in the Southern League with Jones making 28 appearances and scoring 1 goal. When Bristol City made their Football League debut in the Second Division on 7 September 1901 Jones played right half. Jones was ever present with 35 appearances in 1901–02. Jones made 32 appearances scoring 2 goals missing only 2 matches as "the Babes" rose to 4th place in 1902–03. City repeated the 4th-place finish in the following season when Jones made 32 appearances scoring 4 goals from the right half position. Jones made 32 appearances scoring 3 goals as City completed a trio of 4th-place finishes in 1904–05. When Bristol City won the Second Division championship in 1905–06 the injury prone Jones made 18 appearances playing in all of the record sequence of 14 successive wins early in the season. Jones moved to Tottenham Hotspur in the summer of 1906. Jones moved to Swindon Town in the summer of 1907.
After retiring from football Jones was landlord of the "Barley Mow" in Bedminster and died in 1959 at Snowdon Road Hospital, Bristol.
# List of Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan (Hyōgo)

This list is of the Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan in the Prefecture of Hyōgo.

## National Cultural Properties

As of 1 July 2015, four Important Intangible Cultural Properties have been designated, being of national significance.

### Performing Arts

| Property | Holder | Comments |
| Classic Rakugo 古典落語 koten rakugo | Nakagawa Kiyoshi (中川清) | |
| Ningyō Jōruri Bunraku 人形浄瑠璃文楽 ningyō jōruri bunraku | Tsukamoto Kazuo (塚本和男), Hirao Katsuyoshi (平尾勝義) | inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity |
| Gidayū Bushi Shamisen 義太夫節三味線 gidayū bushi shamisen | Miyazaki Kimiko (宮崎 君子) | |

### Craft Techniques

| Property | Holder | Comments | Image | Ref. |
| Najio Gampi-shi 名塩雁皮紙 Najio gampi-shi | Tanino Takenobu (谷野武信) | | | |

## Prefectural Cultural Properties

As of 1 May 2014, four properties have been designated at a prefectural level.

### Performing Arts

| Property | Holder | Comments | Image | Ref. |
| Sumagoto 須磨琴(一絃琴) sumagoto (ichigenkin) | Koike Miyoko (小池美代子) | | | |

### Craft Techniques

| Property | Holder | Comments |
| Arima-fude Technique 有馬筆(書画用)技術 Arima-fude (shoga-yō) gijutsu | Arima-fude Technique Preservation Society (有馬筆(書画用)技術保存会) | doll brushes |
| Najio-gami Technique 名塩紙技術 Najio-gami gijutsu | Najio-gami Technique Preservation Society (名塩紙技術保存会) | washi |
| Sugihara-gami Technique 杉原紙技術 Sugihara-gami gijutsu | Sugihara-gami Preservation Society (杉原紙保存会) | washi |

## Municipal Cultural Properties

As of 1 May 2014, five properties have been designated at a municipal level.

## Intangible Cultural Properties that need measures such as making records

As of 1 May 2014, there were two Intangible Cultural Properties that need measures such as making records (記録作成等の措置を講ずべき無形文化財).

### Craft Techniques

| Property | Holder | Comments | Image | Ref. |
| Tanba Cloth 丹波布 Tanba-fu | Tanba Cloth Technique Preservation Society (丹波布技術保存会) | revived in 1954 after production died out at the end of the Meiji period | | |
| Tamba Tachikui Kilns 丹波立杭窯 Tanba tachikui-gama | Tamba Tachikui Kilns Preservation Society (丹波立杭窯保存会) | climbing kilns | | |
# Lionel Grimston

Colonel Lionel Augustus Grimston CIE OBE VD (18 April 1869 – 12 November 1943) was an Indian Defence Force officer.

## Life

He was the son of Colonel Oswald J. A. Grimston and was educated at Bloxham School and the United Services College.
He was commissioned into the Indian Volunteers in December 1893 and served with the 6th Assam Valley Light Horse of the Auxiliary Force, India.
Grimston was promoted lieutenant colonel in February 1913 and commanded the Assam Light Horse during the First World War from 1 April 1916. He retired in 1921.
He was invested as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military Division) in recognition of distinguished services rendered in India in connection with the War in the London Gazette 12 September 1919. He had already received the Volunteer Officers' Decoration.
His name was brought to the notice of the Secretary of State for War for valuable services rendered in India in connection with the War.
On 1 January 1921 was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire.
He returned to England upon retirement and lived in Willingdon, East Sussex.
# Arksey

Arksey is a village in the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. It had an estimated population of 1,303 as of 2010. It was the birthplace of the children's writer Barbara Euphan Todd on 9 January 1890. Arksey has four satellite hamlets: Shaftholme, Tilts, Almholme and Stockbridge.
The sey in Arksey means island in Old English, which is appropriate as the village is surrounded by marshland.
Arksey is older than the Domesday Book.
The Parish Church of All Saints is a Grade I listed building, dating back to the 1120s.
# Gediminas Budnikas

Gediminas Budnikas (born February 11, 1944, in Paąžuoliai) is a retired Lithuanian basketball player, most notable for his career with Žalgiris from 1964 to 1973.

## Biography

Both partisans, his parents died on July 26, 1945, fighting for Lithuanian freedom. Gediminas and his brothers, Juozas and Antanas, grew up with relatives. In 1959, Gediminas graduated eight classes at Kaunas IV secondary school and finished Kaunas Food Industry Technical College. In 1979, he graduated from Vilnius University Kaunas Faculty of Humanities and, in 2005, in public administration at Kaunas University of Technology.

## Professional sports career

In 1962, Budnikas was invited to join Žalgiris team. In 1962-1974 he was a member of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic national team. In 1973, he became a USSR basketball championship prizewinner and later won the Lithuanian league eight times. In 1997 (Helsinki), 1998 (Montevideo) and in 2001 (Ljubljana) he was a member of the Lithuania seniors basketball world champion team. Budnikas also won the European seniors championship in Riga in 2000.
He is a member of the Žalgiris board.
# Babor, Sétif

Babor is a town and commune in Sétif Province in petite Kabylie in north-eastern Algeria.
# Cornelius Lancilottus

Cornelius Lancilottus, OESA (c. 1575–1622) was a Baroque spiritual writer and a biographer of Augustine of Hippo.

## Life

Lancilottus was born in Mechelen (then in the Habsburg Netherlands) in 1575 or 1576, the son of Andreas Lancelotte and Margaretha Vischavens. His father was secretary to the Great Council of Mechelen. Around 1591, still in his mid-teens, he joined the Augustinians. Within the order he became a Doctor of Sacred Theology, and served as prior in Cologne and Hasselt. He founded the Augustinian house in Antwerp and was its first prior. He was instrumental in Postel Abbey becoming independent of Floreffe Abbey in 1613.
He contracted a disease while tending to sick and wounded soldiers evacuated from the Siege of Bergen op Zoom in 1622, and died 20 October of that year, aged 46. He was buried in the choir of the church of the Augustinian house in Antwerp.

## Works

* Nectar et Antidotum, confectum ex medullis Operum S. Augustini, digestum ordine alphabetico, contra quosvis Sectarios (n.p.d.)
* Pancarpium Augustinianum, continens SS. Patris Augustini, Monicae, Nicolai Tolentinatis, Beatae Virginis Mariae Encomium et Sodalitatis Corrigiatae della Consolatione Privilegia; cum Tractatu de Indulgentiis et quibusdum Parergis (Antwerp, 1616)
* S. Aurelii Augustini, Hipponensis Episcopi et S.R.E. Doctoris Vita; piis omnibus, nec non de vera fide, deque vitae statu deliberantibus utilissima (Antwerp, 1616)
** Dutch translation by Jan van Blitterswyck, D'Leven van den H. Vader S. Augustijn (Antwerp, Hieronymus Verdussen, 1621)
* Lucerna vitae perfectae, cum Sacordotalis, tam Monachalis, juxta Regulam D. Augustini SS. Scripturis, Patrum auctoritatibus et exemplis fusè illustratum (Antwerp, 1642)
# Davichi in Wonderland

Davichi in Wonderland is the first extended play by South Korean duo Davichi, released on February 27, 2009. A total of three music videos were released to the promote the album, with the M/Vs for "8282" and "Accident" being a 2-part drama music video starring Jung Chan-woo and Yoon Jung-hee. ("8282"is pronounced similarly as the Korean word "빨리빨리" which means "quickly".)

## Promotions

At the beginning of February, Davichi's management announced they would be making a comeback after the successful debut of their first album. The lead single "8282" was met with great success and went on to become one of the duo's most successful releases to date. Additionally, the song "Is Love Funny" also charted well and reached a peak position of number three on KBS's Music Bank. There was a minor controversy surrounding the writer of the song "8282", with some people believing it plagiarized British singer Mika's "Happy Ending".
In April, the duo began their follow-up promotions with their song "My Man", which showcased their dancing skills.
# Gangrene (book)

Gangrene is a 1968 novel written by Flemish writer and former Assistant Direct Commissioner in the Belgian Congo Jef Geeraerts. Also referred to as Black Venus, this is the first of four books belonging to Geeraerts’ Gangrene cycle. The narrator bears the author’s name, and the book is widely considered to be a fictionalized yet largely autobiographical account of Geeraerts’ experiences in the Belgian Congo towards the end of the Belgian colonial era, leading towards the Congo’s independence in 1960.

## Style

Although Gangrene takes the form of a novel, the style is deliberately journalistic in nature: “They call me an author,” Geeraerts once said, “but primarily I am a journalist. My books deal with situations I know through and through, about regions where I lived long enough to get a good sense of them, about things I experienced personally”. His writings have also been described as being “therapeutic”.

## Plot summary

Working as a commissioner in the Belgian Congo, narrator Jef Geeraerts depicts his day-to-day interactions with Congolese people and fellow colonists, his various journeys beyond his colonial station, and finally, the disintegration of the colony itself at the advent of Congolese independence. Known for its graphic sexual content, Gangrene narrates numerous affairs with local women, ranging from his second wife Mbala, several young sex workers, a heavily pregnant woman, a pair of sisters, and a variety of other characters and groups of people. Gangrene also depicts numerous instances of violent conflict between the Belgian Congo’s military forces and local armed militias. Towards the end of the novel, Geeraerts’ character abandons his post to flee the country, as the independence movement drove the colony into increasing chaos.

## Reception

Both accolades and controversy followed Gangrene’s publication at both the national and public level: “First the Belgian government awarded the novel the national prose prize, then that self-same government seized the book in order to investigate its lascivious character,” responding to accusations of racism and pornography. Reviews of the work consistently describe the book as “controversial” and “explicit”. The book is also widely viewed as a critique of Belgian colonization. In fact, Gangrene was accused of allegedly “giving such a harsh account of the violent 1959 military expedition in the Kasai area that Belgian army authorities publicly refuted its contents”.
# Laug

Laug is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* André Laug (1931–1984), French designer who founded the eponymous fashion house
* Matt Laug (born 1968), American drummer
# Babor

Babor may refer to:

## Places

* Babor Mountains
* Babor District, Algeria
* Babor, Sétif
* Djebel Babor Nature Reserve

## People

* Karl Babor (died 1964), Nazi SS doctor of the German Third Reich
* Kirstie Joan Babor, Philippine fashion model
* Valentina Babor (born 1989), German classical pianist

## Other

* An alternate spelling of Bobole, a Coahuiltecan tribe
# Audiovisual Sport

Audiovisual Sport (AVS) was a Spanish company dedicated to "buy, manage, exploit and administer Spanish football Liga and Copa del Rey rights."
The company was created in 1997 as a joint venture of the three main soccer TV rights owners in Spain, namely Sogecable (40%), Telefónica de Contenidos (a subsidiary of Telefónica) (40%), and the Catalan government TV network (Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals, or CCMA) (20%). AVS enjoyed a monopoly on Spanish soccer rights, which caused an investigation by the European Commission, cleared in 2003.
In 2003 Sogecable bought Telefónica's stake, therefore increasing its share to 80%.
In 2007 a row erupted between AVS and the other main owner of Spanish soccer rights, namely Mediapro.
# Vallan Kumaran Vilai

Vallan Kumaran Vilai is a village in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated about two kilometers from Nagercoil.

## Climate

The maximum temperature during the summer hovers around 100 °F or 34 °C with moderate humidity at times. Kanyakumari district is the only Indian district to receive both the north-east monsoon and the south-west monsoon. It rains more often in Kanyakumari district than in any other part of Tamil Nadu, with the exception of the Nilgiris. Due to geographical conditions, the southern tip of Kanyakumari is generally 3 °C to 4 °C hotter than Nagercoil during the daytime, though Kanyakumari is only 20 km away.

## Schools in Vallankumaranvilai

* Govt. Higher Secondary School
* Govt. Primary School
* Vivekananda Kendra
* Kumaran Nursery School

## Places of worship

* Sri Vanna Ganeshar Temple
* Devi Sri Mutharamman Temple
* Sri Kannan Temple
* Sri Siva Sudalai Andavar Temple
# Dahan-e Jow Palal

Dahan-e Jow Palal is a village in Bamyan Province in northern-central Afghanistan.
# Tikhonov's theorem (dynamical systems)

In applied mathematics, Tikhonov's theorem on dynamical systems is a result on stability of solutions of systems of differential equations. It has applications to chemical kinetics. The theorem is named after Andrey Nikolayevich Tikhonov.

## Statement

Consider this system of differential equations:
    ${\begin{aligned}{\frac {d\mathbf {x} }{dt}}&=\mathbf {f} (\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {z} ,t),\\\mu {\frac {d\mathbf {z} }{dt}}&=\mathbf {g} (\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {z} ,t).\end{aligned}}$
Taking the limit as $\mu \to 0$, this becomes the "degenerate system":
    ${\begin{aligned}{\frac {d\mathbf {x} }{dt}}&=\mathbf {f} (\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {z} ,t),\\\mathbf {z} &=\varphi (\mathbf {x} ,t),\end{aligned}}$
where the second equation is the solution of the algebraic equation
    $\mathbf {g} (\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {z} ,t)=0.$
Note that there may be more than one such function $\varphi$.
Tikhonov's theorem states that as $\mu \to 0,$ the solution of the system of two differential equations above approaches the solution of the degenerate system if $\mathbf {z} =\varphi (\mathbf {x} ,t)$ is a stable root of the "adjoined system"
    ${\frac {d\mathbf {z} }{dt}}=\mathbf {g} (\mathbf {x} ,\mathbf {z} ,t).$
# Stinking Bishop

Stinking Bishop may refer to:
* Stinking Bishop (pear), a variety of pear
* Stinking Bishop (cheese), a cheese
# Tachina bombidiforma

Tachina bombidiforma is a species of fly in the genus Tachina of the family Tachinidae that is endemic to China.
# Gear case

A gear case, also known as a chain case or chainguard, is an enclosure for the bicycle chain and sprocket assemblages commonly employed by utility bicycles. It serves to protect the cyclist from being soiled or trapped in the chain rings and tends to fully enclose the drive train. It may also contain an oil bath to keep the chain lubricated. Modern examples are usually moulded in plastic. Similar devices may be found in connection with chains used on larger vehicles and machinery.

## Gallery

* Fully enclosed chain on a European city bike
* Partially enclosed chain on a European city bike
* Huffy Flaming Stack chain guard
* Crankset with an integrated chainguard bolted to the outside of the largest chainring
# The Cost of Living (EP)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Cost of Living is an EP by the English punk rock band the Clash. It was released on 11 May 1979 in a gatefold sleeve. The EP was produced by the band and Bill Price. It marked a transition in musical styles for the band, bridging the intensity of their earlier, punky albums with the broader, more American influenced rock and roll yet to come on London Calling, most evident on the folk rocking "Groovy Times" and "Gates of the West".
The Clash's cover of Sonny Curtis' "I Fought the Law" became one of the definitive recordings of the song, and remained in the band's live set list for much of the rest of their career. Joe Strummer also performed it with his later bands, including during his stint with The Pogues. The early single "Capital Radio" was re-recorded because the band learned that copies of the original Capital Radio EP were selling for high prices. "Capital Radio", later listed as "Capital Radio Two", is much longer, mainly because of a protracted outro.
"Gates of the West" clearly describes the ecstasy of the Clash in their first encounter with the United States: "Eastside Jimmy & Southside Sue both said they needed something new". "From Camden Town Station to 44th & 8th" describes their journey from their London neighbourhood to the middle of Manhattan.
It was recorded at Wessex Studios in Highbury in London, and features "extra high vocal" credited to Dennis Ferranti and harmonica credited to "Bob Jones" (a pseudonym of Mick Jones).

## Track listing

All songs written by Strummer/Jones except where noted.

### Side one

* "I Fought the Law" (Sonny Curtis) – 2:40
* "Groovy Times" – 3:25

### Side two

* "Gates of the West" – 3:26
* "Capital Radio" – 4:05
* "The Cost of Living Advert" (only on original vinyl and Japanese version of the singles box set)

## Charts

| Chart (1979) | Peak position |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 24 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 22 |
# Copris signatus

Copris signatus, is a species of dung beetle found in India, Sri Lanka and Laos.

## Description

This oval, less convex species has an average length of about 10 to 16 mm. Body black and opaque. Antennae, and mouthparts are reddish to yellow in color. Bristles on the legs are also reddish or yellowish. Clypeus smooth, shining whereas pronotum densely punctured. Elytra strongly striate and closely punctured. Pygidium strongly, and closely punctured. In adult male, there is a pair of narrow erect processes in the front margin of clypeus. Just before the eyes, there is a median, transverse, erect T-shaped process in head. Female has bilobed clypeal margin in the middle with a slight conical projection in front of the eyes.
Adults are observed from old elephant dungs, and cow dungs.
# Les Petites-Loges

Les Petites-Loges (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.
# Macellidiopygus

Macellidiopygus debilis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Macellidiopygus.
# Stapleton

Stapleton may refer to:

## Places
### Australia

* Stapleton Island, Queensland
* Stapleton, Northern Territory

### United Kingdom

* Stapleton, Bristol
* Stapleton, Cumbria
* Stapleton, Herefordshire
* Stapleton, Leicestershire
* Stapleton-on-Tees, North Yorkshire
* Stapleton, Selby, North Yorkshire
* Stapleton, Shropshire
* Stapleton, Somerset, a location

### United States

* Stapleton, Alabama
* Stapleton, Georgia
* Stapleton, Nebraska
* Stapleton, Staten Island, a neighborhood in New York City
** Stapleton (Staten Island Railway station)
* Central Park, Denver, a neighborhood in Denver, Colorado; formerly known as Stapleton
* Stapleton International Airport, the former airport serving Denver, Colorado, now being redeveloped as a master-planned New Urbanist community

## Other uses

* Stapleton (surname), including a list of people and characters with the name
* Stapleton (band), a rock band from Glasgow
# Arjunavarman II

Arjunavarman II, also known as Arjuna, was a king of the Paramara dynasty in central India. He ruled in the Malwa region, in second half of the 13th century CE, during 1270s and 1280s.
Arjuna II succeeded Jayavarman II (alias Jayasimha), and proved to be a weak ruler. After Jayasimha's death around 1275 CE, the Paramara minister rebelled against his king. This fact has been mentioned by the Muslim historian Wassaf, who does not name the king or the minister. The minister was probably Goga.
In the 1270s, Ramachandra, the Yadava king of Devagiri invaded Malwa. The Udari inscription of Ramachandra, issued in 1276 CE, states that the Yadava king was "a lion in destroying the multitude of the rutting elephants of Arjuna".
in the 1280s, the Ranthambore Chahamana ruler Hammira also raided Malwa. The Balvan inscription of 1288 CE mentions that Hammira captured the elephant force of Arjuna.
Jain poet Nayachandra Suri's Hammira Mahakavya states that Hammira defeated Arjuna of Sarasapura and Bhoja of Dhara. Based on this, R. C. Majumdar concluded that Hammira must have invaded Malwa twice: once during the reign of Arjuna II, and again, during the reign of his successor Bhoja II. Pratipal Bhatia theorizes that Arjuna II's minister Goga-deva put Bhoja II on the throne of the Paramara capital Dhara as a titular king, while Arjuna II continued to controlled another part of the kingdom.