OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Laraos District

Laraos District is one of thirty-three districts of the province Yauyos in the Lima Region in Peru.
Elderly people in Laraos still speak an archaic Quechua dialect. As no more children speak the language, it is in imminent danger of extinction.

## History

The Laraos District is one of oldest of the Yauyos Province, and its history is ample and emerges from the pre-incan times. Its preceding town is Sinchimarka, cradle of forgers, but simultaneously brave and militant men, like all the tribes who conformed the Yauyos, who were tenacious resistants before being conquered by the incan leader Pachakutiq. The pre-incan towns of Laraos are: Wanllapata, Waqramarka, Wayawmarka and Callawarqui. Sinchimarka is an incan citadel.
In 1586, being viceroy Don Fernando de Torres of Portugal, the first mayor of Yauyos, Don Diego Dávila Briceño, made the territorial demarcation and formed four parishes or curatos with more than four towns each one, entrusted at the service of the Dominican priests. These were: Santo Domingo de Yauyos, Santo Domingo de Laraos, San Cristóbal de Huánec and Santa Maria de Pampas.
It is to say that with the Spanish conquest, the natives of Sinchimarka were forced to become transferred to the present location of the district. Thus this one acquires the denomination of Santo Domingo de Cocha Laraos, being one of the most important towns and then they contributed in the process of cristanization of the inhabitants of Yauyos.

## Etymology

Its name comes from a derivative of the word Jaqi or Jaqaru Larawpukyu (laraw paved street, pukyu spring, "spring in the paved street", Hispanicized Laraupugio). With the Andean transculturization it is transformed into Laraus (plural), so it means paved streets, and with the castellanization it is pronounced Laraos.

## Political division

The farming community of Laraos was recognized the 2 of September 1938. Their annexes are San Juan de Langaico and Lanca. Its populated centers are Llapay and Tintin. The town is divided into ten main streets: Callhuapampa, Ansaya, Larpa, Callampa, Súniqui, Cancayllu, Achallanca, Warcaña, Caracara and Chunchillo.

## Geography

The Cordillera Central traverses the district. One of the highest peaks of the district is Tanraniyuq at approximately 5,400 m (17,700 ft). Other mountains are listed below:
* Aqu P'unqu
* Chili Punta
* Hatun Punta
* Kancha Q'asa
* Kuntur Waqta
* Misitu
* Pinkuyllu
* Pukap Siqin
* Puma Ranra
* P'allqa
* Q'umir Pampa
* Sinchi Marka Punta
* Siq'i
* Tanraniyuq
* T'uruyuq
* Uchku
* Uqi Uqi
* Wachwa Runtu
* Wamanripa
* Wamp'una
* Wayu Marka
* Yana Punta
* Yana P'unqu
* Yana Uqsha
* Yana Urqu
# Eldon Lane

Eldon Lane is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated a few miles south-west of Bishop Auckland, a short distance from Shildon. In 2001 it had a population of 394.
# Lasionycta taigata

Lasionycta taigata is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It occurs in open peatlands and fens in the taiga zone from Labrador, Churchill, Manitoba, and central Yukon, southward to northern Maine, northern Minnesota, and south-western Alberta.
Adults are on wing from late June through July.
# Lasiopates

Lasiopates is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
# Lanrezac

Lanrezac may refer to:
* Charles Lanrezac (1852 – 1925), French Army general
* Victor Louis Marie Lanrezac, Governor General of Pondicherry (1902 – 1904)
# Lanreotide

Lanreotide, sold under the brand name Somatuline among others, is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, like octreotide.
Lanreotide (as lanreotide acetate) is manufactured by Ipsen. It is available in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and was approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 30, 2007.

## Medical uses

Lanreotide is used in the treatment of acromegaly, due to both pituitary and non-pituitary growth hormone-secreting tumors, and the management of symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, particularly carcinoid tumors and VIPomas. In the United States and Canada, lanreotide is only indicated for the treatment of acromegaly. In the United Kingdom, it is also indicated in the treatment of thyrotrophic adenoma, a rare tumor of the pituitary gland which secretes TSH.
Lanreotide also shows activity against non-endocrine tumors, and, along with other somatostatin analogues, is being studied as a possible general antitumor agent.
In December 2014, the US FDA approved lanreotide for the treatment of people with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).
It is used for polycystic liver disease. It has also been shown that it reduces the volume by 264mls on average.

## Side effects

The main side effects of lanreotide treatment are mild to moderate pain at the injection site and gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Isolated cases of gallstone formation have been associated with use of lanreotide, particularly over long periods of time.

## Pharmacology

Lanreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, a naturally occurring inhibitory hormone which blocks the release of several other hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin and glucagon. Lanreotide binds to the same receptors as somatostatin, although with higher affinity to peripheral receptors, and has similar activity. However, while somatostatin is quickly broken down in the body (within minutes), lanreotide has a much longer half-life, and produces far more prolonged effects.

## Formulations

Lanreotide is available in two formulations: a sustained release formulation (sold under the trade name 'Somatuline LA'), which is injected intramuscularly every ten or fourteen days, and an extended release formulation (UK trade name 'Somatuline Autogel', or 'Somatuline Depot' in the US), which is administered subcutaneously once a month.

## Self-assembling properties

Lanreotide has been shown to spontaneously self-assemble into monodisperse nanotubes of 24.4 nm diameter and has been thereafter used as a fruitful and versatile model system in several biophysical studies.
# Lasst uns froh und munter sein

"Lasst uns froh und munter sein" ("Let us be happy and cheerful") is a traditional German carol from the Hunsrück/Taunus region. There are some regional variations in the lyrics. The song is traditionally sung during Advent on December 5, the evening before Saint Nicholas Day (Nikolausabend), the feast day of Saint Nicholas of Myra.

## Lyrics

Lasst uns froh und munter sein und uns recht von Herzen freun! Lustig, lustig, tralera-lera, bald ist Nikolausabend da, bald ist Nikolausabend da!
Bald ist uns're Schule aus; dann zieh'n wir vergnügt nach Haus. Lustig, lustig, ...
Dann stell ich den Teller auf, Nikolaus legt gewiß was drauf. Lustig, lustig, ...
Wenn ich schlaf, dann träume ich: Jetzt bringt Nikolaus was für mich. Lustig, lustig, ...
Wenn ich aufgestanden bin, lauf ich schnell zum Teller hin. Lustig, lustig, ...
Nikolaus ist ein guter Mann, dem man nicht g'nug danken kann. Lustig, lustig, ...
Let us be happy and cheerful And really be happy in our hearts! Jolly, jolly, tralala-lala, Soon Nicholas Eve is here! Soon Nicholas Eve is here!
Soon our school day ends, Home I'll go with all my friends. Jolly, jolly, ...
Then I put the plate out Nick'll surely put somethin' on it. Jolly, jolly, ...
When I sleep, then I dream: Now Nicholas brings me something. Jolly, jolly, ...
When I am woken up, I run quickly to the plate. Jolly, jolly, ...
Nicholas is a good man Whom we can't thank enough. Jolly, jolly, ...
* ↑ The second verse is not widely used.
# Electrical tuning

Electrical tuning is a mechanism by which vertebrates such as frogs and reptiles, which lack a long cochlea, discriminate sound. Mammals have long cochleae, and are able to distinguish different sounds by mechanisms such as mechanical tuning, in which the stiffness and length of hair cells’ stereocilia makes a given cell best suited to respond to a certain type of stimulus. The basilar membrane of animals with long cochleae also vibrates at different locations along the membrane in response to different frequency sounds. Since the reptilian ear lacks a long cochlea, electrical tuning provides an alternative mechanism for perceiving differences in sound.
With a combination of voltage-gated calcium channels and calcium sensitive K$^+$ channels, the cells set up an oscillation in voltage and oscillate in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Ca$^{++}$ enters the cell and depolarizes it, opening K$^+$ channels which allow K$^+$ to leave and hyperpolarize the cell. Since the exit of K$^+$ from the cell is delayed, the voltage increases, but then with the exit of the K$^+$ the cell overshoots the membrane potential and hyperpolarizes. Different cells have different delays for K$^+$ leaving and thus the voltage oscillates at different frequencies. The delays can be as short as 0.7 ms or as long as 150 ms, whereas the Ca$^{2+}$ entry always occurs within about 1 ms. Thus, by varying the length of delay for K$^+$ to leave, cells' ion concentrations can oscillate at specific frequencies. Cells with higher oscillating frequencies respond best to higher-frequency sounds, while those with lower frequencies respond best to lower frequency ones. Which cells resonate best with a given sound tells the brain what the frequency of the sound is. Hair cells that respond to high frequency stimuli send information to specific neurons, and the information remains segregated in the brain. Thus, information about sound frequency is preserved, rather than being lost as it would if all information from different hair cells converged on the same neuron or group of neurons.
# Chatterbox Records

Chatterbox Records was an independent record label based in Sydney, Australia, founded in 1997 by musician Nik Tropiano and Sebastian Chase of Phantom Records. The label boasts an eclectic mixture of various genres. Its first release was a vinyl EP from Sydney electro-goth band Cult 45. Just two years later, the label came close to mainstream success when Canberra nu metal band Henry's Anger was nominated for an ARIA Award in the 'Best Rock Album' category for the album Personality Test. In 2000 Chatterbox came close again when the Sydney all-girl rock act Skulker was nominated in the 'Best Independent Release' category for its album Too Fat for Tahiti.
By now, the label had built a considerable roster of local acts that also included punk legends The Hard Ons and the progressive metal band Alchemist. Chatterbox was also courting foreign acts, one of the first to sign to the label being latter-day glam rock act Toilet Böys. After this, Chatterbox has attracted a string of independent and alternative artists from all genres and in 2006 picked up Nashville Pussy as part of its growing list of international signings. The company also had arms that handle publicity, booking and management for artists not attached to the record label.

## Current roster

* 1,2 Seppuku
* Blacklevel Embassy
* Brian Jonestown Massacre
* Cockfight Shootout
* Einstellung
* Adam Franklin
* Further
* Ghosts of Television
* Grand Fatal
* Laura Imbruglia
* Massappeal
* Nashville Pussy
* Nunchukka Superfly
* Peabody
* Sing-Sing
* Stockholm Syndrome
* Talons
* Todd Sparrow
* Toilet Böys
* Wog

## Former artists

* Alchemist
* Cult 45
* Daysend
* The Hard Ons
* Henry's Anger
* Psi.Kore
* Regular John
* Skulker
* Walk the Earth
# Chattering gnatwren

The chattering gnatwren (Ramphocaenus sticturus) is a species of bird in the family Polioptilidae, the gnatcatchers. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The chattering gnatwren was formerly treated as a subspecies of the long-billed gnatwren (since renamed the trilling gnatwren by some taxonomies) (Ramphocaenus melanurus). It is now considered a separate species based on the phylogenetic relationships determined in a 2018 molecular study.
Two subspecies are recognised:
* R. s. sticturus Hellmayr (1902)
* R. s. obscurus Zimmer, J.T. (1931)

## Description

Little has been written about the chattering gnatwren's appearance other than as a subspecies of trilling gnatwren. The trilling sensu lato is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and weighs 8 to 11 g (0.28 to 0.39 oz). The nominate chattering gnatwren's upperparts are brown with a blackish tail. It has a buffy stripe over the eye and pale cinnamon cheeks blending to yellowish buff on the sides of the neck. Its undersides are buffy with a cinnamon tinge on the flanks. R. s. obscurus is darker with an ochre tint to the sides of the head, breast, and flanks.

## Distribution and habitat

The obscurus subspecies of chattering gnatwren is found from northern Peru's Department of Loreto south and east into Bolivia's La Paz Department. The nominate R. s. sticturus is found only in Mato Grosso state in west-central Brazil.
The chattering gnatwren inhabits the undergrowth of moist terra firme forest, deciduous primary forest, and secondary forest.

## Behavior
### Feeding

The diet of the chattering gnatwren has not been described separately from that of the whole trilling gnatwren complex. That species sensu lato feeds on small arthropods such as insects and spiders. It forages actively from near the ground to mid-level, alone, as a pair, or as part of a mixed-species foraging flock.

### Breeding

The breeding phenology of the chattering gnatwren has not been separately described.

### Vocalization

Examples of the chattering gnatwren's vocalizations are and .

## Status

The IUCN has not assessed the chattering gnatwren separately from trilling gnatwren.
# Ellen Trevorrow

Ellen Trevorrow is an internationally known Australian Ngarrindjeri weaver and authority on Ngarrindjeri culture. She is the head of the Camp Coorong Centre for Cultural Education and Race Relations and also serves on the board of the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority.

## Early life and education

Born in 1955 in Point McLeay, now Raukkan, South Australia, Ellen Trevorrow was raised outside Tailem Bend by her grandmother, Ellen Brown, and attended primary school there. When she was 11 she moved to Bonney Reserve near Meningie and completed high school there. At the age of 14 she met her future husband, Tom Trevorrow, and they were married in 1976. They had seven children. Her husband, who had become the chairman of the Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority in 2011, died in 2013.
In 1982 she attended a workshop on Ngarrindjeri weaving led by Aunty Dorrie Kartinyeri, an elder from Point McLeay (now Raukkan). There was a long tradition of Ngarrindjeri weaving by women, originally for their own use, later for sale, but the practice had almost been lost. Trevorrow and another workshop attendee, Yvonne Koolmatrie, have devoted their lives to reviving the tradition to preserve Ngarrindjeri culture.

## Work

Trevorrow is especially known for her "Sister" baskets, a type of basket that she revived after viewing an example in the Camp Coorong museum made by her husband's great-grandmother. In recent years she has undertaken a number of large weaving projects for museums, such as Pondi, the giant cod that created the Murray River in Ngarrindjeri legend, done for the South Australian Maritime Museum in 2022.
Her works are held by many museums, including the National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of South Australia.
Trevorrow was a contributor to Indigenous Traditions and Ecology: The Interbeing of Cosmology and Community (ed. John Allen Grim, 2001).
She was profiled in an episode of the 2016 television series about Ngarrindjeri culture, Everything is Connected, and appeared in the 2013 documentary Ringbalin: Breaking the Drought, about a pilgrimage by Aboriginal elders to summon rain.
# Andrew Holgate

Andrew James Headley Holgate (born 31 December 1958 in Reigate) is a British journalist and critic. Since 2008 he has served as Literary Editor of The Sunday Times.
Holgate studied Modern History at Durham University.
# Chauncey Brewster Tinker

Chauncey Brewster Tinker (October 22, 1876 – March 10, 1963) was a scholar of English Literature and Sterling Professor at Yale University.

## Early life

Tinker was born on October 22, 1876, in Auburn, Maine to Anson Phelps Tinker, a Yale graduate and minister, and Martha White. He attended East Denver High School, then went to Yale to receive a BA (1899), MA (1900), and PhD (1902), after which he joined the school's faculty.

## Career

In 1923, Tinker was made Sterling Professor of English Literature, and remained at the university until 1945.
At Yale, Tinker was instrumental in establishing a rare books collection, of which he was named the curator in 1931, and in founding the Elizabethan Club. His early work, completed in collaboration with Albert Stanburrough Cook, focused on Old English literature, while the remainder of his career focused on eighteenth century English literary scholarship, including that of Samuel Johnson and his principal biographer, James Boswell.
As a faculty member, Tinker was known as an opponent of New Criticism.
In his 2019 book, Possessed by Memory, Harold Bloom describes Tinker as “a scholar noted for the appearance of stigmata upon him during Passion Week.”

## Death

Tinker died on March 10, 1963, and is buried at Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut.

## Selected publications

* Cook, Albert S.; Tinker, Chauncey Brewster (1902). Select Translations of Old English Poetry. Boston: Ginn & Company.
* Tinker, Chauncey Brewster (1903). The Translations of Beowulf: A Critical Biography. Yale studies in English,16. New York: Henry Holt.
* —— (1915). The Salon and English Letters: Chapters on the Interrelations of Literature and Society in the Age of Johnson. New York: MacMillan.
* —— (1922). Nature's Simple Plan: A Phase of Radical Thought in the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
* —— (1922). Young Boswell. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press.
* —— (1924). Letters of James Boswell. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* —— (1926). The Wedgwood Medallion of Samuel Johnson: A Study in Iconography. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
* —— (1929). The Good Estate of Poetry. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.
* —— (1938). Painter and Poet: Studies in the Literary Relations of English Painting. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
* —— (1948). Dionysos in Doubt: Collected Articles and Addresses. New Haven: Yale University Press.
# Ellie-Jean Coffey

Ellie-Jean Coffey (25 November 1994) is an Australian model, softcore actress and professional surfer.

## Early life

The eldest of seven, Coffey (originally from the Gold Coast of Queensland) spent her childhood traveling around Australia with her family. Both her parents were keen surfers, and for 10 years they travelled Australia, while being home schooled. During this time she learned to surf and decided to become a professional surfer. The family regularly attended surfing competitions, which Ellie-Jean entered and eventually started doing well at The whole family surf, and her sisters and brother at times have also reached professional status. Coffey at times has competed with her sister for a spot on the elite Women's Surfing Championship Tour.

## Career

Coffey won second place at the Junior World Surfing championships held in Panama in 2012. The surfer tried single fin board, traditional style at the Single fin classic in 2015, and "dominated" the competition, despite not having used one previously By 2017, Coffey was ranked 97th in the QS world rankings. She is also a model, Increased attention being drawn to her social media raised her profile, resulting in her getting a number of sponsorship deals from surf-related fashion companies, including Billabong, Von Zipper and SurfStitch She has also published her own softcore images via her own website
Coffey has claimed that the surfing competition environment is misogynistic. She gave up on entering competitions after 2017. She has stated that surf community and competition contains a lot of negativity and even abuse towards women, and the many years she had spent in it had affected her, to the point where she had sought therapy. She still surfs, but only recreationally, and not in competitions.
# Thomas Atwood

Thomas or Tom Atwood may refer to:
* Thomas Warr Attwood (1733–1775), English builder and architect
* Thomas Atwood (judge) (died 1793), chief justice of Dominica and the Bahamas
* Thomas Atwood House, a historic property on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA
* Tom Atwood (born 1971), American photographer, New York City
# Laughing City

Laughing City is the first EP of the band Eisley released after signing with Warner Bros. Records. It was released May 20, 2003 on Record Collection Music.

## Track listing

All songs written by Eisley.
* This 2000s indie pop album-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
* v
* t
* e
# Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad

The Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad was a railroad in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado between Laramie, Wyoming and Coalmont, Colorado. It operated under several different names between 1901 and 1951 prior to absorption by the Union Pacific Railroad.

## History

The railroad was established in 1901 as the Laramie, Hahns Peak and Pacific Railway Company by Issac Van Horn, who planned to construct the line to the mining camps near Gold Hill in the Snowy Range west of Laramie. Van Horn and his partners also invested in the mining camp of Centennial 30 miles (48 km) west of Laramie at the base of the mountains. Under the auspices of the Acme Consolidated Gold & Mining Company the partners constructed a sawmill, lumber yard, newspaper and other improvements. Fighting financial issues, the railroad did not arrive in Centennial until 1907 after mining operations in the Snowy Range had mostly died out.
The company opted to go south to North Park in Colorado. The company bought part of a coal deposit near Walden, Colorado and named it Coalmont. The first train reached Walden in October, 1911 and Coalmont in December. The line was very difficult and expensive to operate during winter. In 1914 the company was unable to pay its mortgage and the Colorado, Wyoming and Eastern Railroad took control of the line. In April 1924 the line was sold to new owners that renamed it the Northern Colorado and Eastern Railroad Company. The citizens in Laramie requested the name of the town be in the line, so in June it was renamed again as Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad. David Webster Adamson retired as general superintendent of the Laramie, North Park and Western railroad on June 1, 1941.
The line continued to struggle through the 1930s, and the Interstate Commerce Commission urged Union Pacific to take over. In 1935 the UP acquired control of the LNP&W, and Union Pacific ran the line under the LNP&W name until 1951 when the companies merged, the line becoming the Coalmont Branch of the Union Pacific, and the LNP&W depot in Laramie was closed. Shortline Wyoming Colorado Railroad bought the line in 1987, and subsequently abandoned it in Summer of 1999.
# Thierry Pastor

Thierry Pastor (born 4 March 1960) is a French singer and composer known for his 1980s hits "Le Coup de folie" and "Sur des Musiques Noires" (#12 in France). He was also a former musician of Gilbert Montagné and his first single was produced by Roland Magdane.

## Discography
### Albums

* 1982 : Le Grand Show
* 1988 : Avec elle
* 1992 : Des Histoires
* 1993 : Passé composé
* 1999 : Coup de folie (best of)

### Singles

* 1981 : "Le Coup de Folie"
* 1982 : "Where Is My Love"
* 1983 : "Magic Music"
* 1985 : "Sur des Musiques Noires" – #12 in France
* 1986 : "Équateur"
* 1987 : "Dernier Matin d'Asie" (charity single recorded by Sampan)
* 1988 : "T'en vas pas"
* 1989 : "Mister T"