OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) dehydratase

In enzymology, a 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.61) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] $\rightleftharpoons$ hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H$_2$O
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, [[(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]]], and two products, [[hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]]] and H$_2$O.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase (hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]-forming). Other names in common use include D-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase, beta-hydroxypalmitoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydrase, beta-hydroxypalmitoyl thioester dehydratase, beta-hydroxypalmityl-ACP dehydrase, and (3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase. This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis.

## Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 2PFF.
# Euphrasia striata

Euphrasia striata, commonly known as ‘shiny striped eyebright’ is an endemic Tasmanian species, which is a member of the Scrophulariaceae family. The distinctive purple striations on the petals, from which the name was derived, are characteristic of the species.

## Taxonomy

The genus Euphrasia of the family Scrophulariaceae consists of semi-parasitic annual and perennial herbs and small shrubs. Euphrasia occur extensively in temperate regions across the globe, with twenty-two species found in Australia, all of which are endemic. Euphrasia is a prominent genus within the native flora of Tasmania and is relatively diverse across its nine native species

## Description

Euphrasia striata is a short, perennial herb which is unbranched above ground. It generally ranges from 5 – 20 cm in height and has a width of 20 – 30 cm. Its leaves (measuring up to 9mm in length) are glossy, fleshy, opposite, widest at the top, prominently lobed with a pointed apex green and brownish purple in colour. Flowers have white petals with three distinctive purple striations, a yellow patch within the throat of the corolla., anthers with a short awn, and are arranged in terminal spikes. Flowering occurs from summer to autumn. Fruit takes the form of a pointed capsule between 4 and 6 mm long

### Key distinguishing characteristics

Key characteristics distinguishing Euphrasia striata from other Euphrasia species:
* Purple striations on petals
* No hairs on the stamens where anthers attach
* Plant not branched above ground

## Habitat and distribution

Euphrasia striata is commonly occurring in alpine and sub-alpine areas., especially in the higher altitude grasslands of Tasmania's central and southern highlands

## Ecology

Euphrasia striata prefers areas of open alpine habitat, which is maintained through exposure to harsh conditions such as strong winds and low temperatures. This habitat preference is explained by the requirement of light for seed germination. Euphrasia striata is semi-parasitic, forming a non-specific relationship with hosts during seedling establishment. This semi-parasitic nature helps the species survive the harsh conditions it often inhabits.
# Aeropyrum pernix

Aeropyrum pernix is a species of extremophile archaea in the archaeal phylum Thermoproteota. It is an obligatorily thermophilic species. The first specimens were isolated from sediments in the sea off the coast of Japan.

## Discovery

Aeropyrum pernix was the first strictly aerobic hyperthermophilic Archaea to be discovered. It was originally isolated from heated marine sediments and venting water collected in 1996 from a solfataric vent at Kodakara-jima island in Kyūshū, Japan.

## Genome structure

Its complete genome was sequenced in 1999 and is 1,669 kilobases in size, with 2,694 possible genes detected. All of the genes in the TCA cycle were found except for that of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. In its place, the genes coding for the two subunits of 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were identified.

## Properties

The cells of Aeropyrum pernix are spherical in shape and approximately 1 μm in diameter. The envelope surrounding the cells of Aeropyrum is about 25 nm wide. The organisms grows at temperature between 70 and 100 °C (optimum, 90 to 95 °C), at pH 5 to 9 (optimum, pH 7), and at a salinity of 1.8 to 7% (optimum, 3.5% salinity). The growth of the organisms is not detected at 68 or 102 °C. Below 1.5% salinity, cells lyse by low osmotic shock. The cells of the organisms are sensitive to chloramphenicol and insensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, and cycloserine. It grows well on proteinaceous substances, with a doubling time under these conditions of about 200 minutes. This species lacks the genes for purine nucleotide biosynthesis and thus relies on environmental sources to meet its purine requirements.
# Meridian House (Poplar)

Meridian House is located on No. 115 Poplar High Street. It was built in 1801-2 by the East India Company, to house the chaplain serving the company's almshouses and chapel. The chapel later became the Church of St Matthias, and Meridian House its vicarage, in 1867. When the church closed in 1976, Meridian House was sold as a private residence. It is a Grade II listed building.

## History

Hugh Greete, a diamond trader for the East India Company, was sent home from India a prisoner in 1618 after allegedly buying diamonds for the company's use but keeping the finest ones for himself. After his death in 1619, the company seized Greete's diamonds and other goods to make up for the fraud. Since Greete's will specified that his estate should be used to make a school or a hospital, the company earmarked the money to build an almshouse for disabled seamen, their widows and orphans.
The almshouse opened in 1628, and it was maintained by a levy on the wages of East India Company employees, known as the Poplar Fund. This fund financed the building of Meridian House.

## Architecture

Meridian House was presumably designed by East India Company surveyor Henry Holland. It is made of stock brick and carries a pediment with the East India Company's arms. A long brick entrance porch was added in 1826, which was removed in 1964 for road widening and replaced by a hood and columns designed by Cecil Brown.
# Turbo moorei

Turbo moorei is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.
# Amra Đapo

Amra Đapo (born 30 December 1976) is a former Croatian female professional basketball player.
# Furka Tunnel

Furka Tunnel may refer to either of the following railway tunnels between Uri and Valais in Switzerland:
* Furka Base Tunnel (opened 1982), between Realp and Oberwald, on the Furka Oberalp Bahn (now part of the Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn)
* Furka Summit Tunnel (opened 1925), between Furka and Muttbach-Belvédère (now part of a heritage railway, the Furka Cogwheel Steam Railway)
# A432 road

The A432 is a road running from Bristol to Old Sodbury. The road is mostly single carriageway with one lane each way, with a short dual carriageway section in the east of Yate.

## History

The A432 was originally classified in 1922 and the route has remained unchanged since. In 1966 the construction of the M4 required a bridge to be built, and a roundabout was built to connect the road to the A4174 in the early 90s. The section of dual carriageway was mostly 2 lanes each way in 1999, but over the next 20 years it was gradually downgraded to one lane each way.
The bridge carrying the A432 over the M4 was closed on 12 July 2023 to all motor vehicles after cracks were found in the structure. It was decided in December 2023 following further inspection of the bridge that repairs or strengthening will not solve the problems with the structure in the long-term and it will need to be fully replaced. The existing bridge will be demolished mid to late 2024 with the replacement not opening until at least late 2025.

## Route

The road starts near Lawrence Hill in Bristol on the A420 and heads North-East, where it intersects the A4320. It continues to Downend, passing Easton and Fishponds, where it has three junctions with the A4017 before heading north to a roundabout with the A4174. After the roundabout it goes north over the M4 and heads North-East to Yate, and once it reaches it the road splits into a dual carriageway until it gets to Chipping Sodbury. The road heads East out of Chipping Sodbury and continues that way until it terminates at the A46.
# George Hidden

George Hidden, also known as George Eden, was the member of the Parliament of England for Great Bedwyn for the parliament of 1558.
# Tonogawa Dam

Tonogawa Dam (Japanese: 殿川ダム) is a gravity dam located in Kagawa Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and water supply. The catchment area of the dam is 5.6 km$^2$. The dam impounds about 6 ha of land when full and can store 690 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1967 and completed in 1974.
# Urluia

The Urluia is a right tributary of the Danube in Romania. Its length is 98 km (61 mi) and its basin size is 1,346 km$^2$ (520 sq mi). It passes through Lake Vederoasa and flows into the Danube near Rasova. It flows along the villages Mereni, Miriștea, Osmancea, Ciobănița, Credința, Plopeni, Conacu, Negrești, Curcani, Petroșani, Șipotele, Zorile, Urluia, Aliman and Vlahii.
# Merja Jalo

Merja Jalo (born November 25, 1951, as Merja Viro) is a Finnish children's and young adult book writer; most of her books tell about the life with horses.

## Works

Her first writing was "Yllätysori" in 1977 from the Nummela Pony Stable [fi], her longest and most popular series.
The second series was Haavikko Stables [fi] (1978–2001).
The Nea [fi] series was published during 1989–2015.
The Markus series started in 1992.
She also wrote a series about Jesse the dog together with her sister Marvi.
Jalo wrote of her own experience with horses since her childhood. She was also in racehorse breeding in her own stable (until a horse accident).

## Awards

* 2008: Kirjava kettu ("Spotted fox") reader's award
* Pirkanmaan Plättä [fi] award (1978, 1985, 1991, 2011)
# Tunuyán River

The Tunuyán River is a river in the Argentine province of Mendoza. It is born in Mount Tupungato, in the Andes range, and flows initially to the northeast, passing by the city of Tunuyán. It is then dammed by the El Carrizal Dam, after which it turns east-southeast passing near the cities of Rivadavia, Santa Rosa and La Paz. Finally, it branches into the Tunuyán Nuevo (north) and Tunuyán Viejo (south), and empties into the Desaguadero River.
It is a popular river for white water rafters, as it boasts class III rapids.
# Eilema carnea

Eilema carnea is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1882. It is found in Madagascar.
# Sony Handheld Engine

The Sony Handheld Engine (or Sony HHE) was an ARM-based Application Processor, or SoC announced by Sony in July 2003. This mobile processor was specifically developed for the Sony CLIE series of PDAs, and was cutting-edge for the time, with a heavy focus on power-efficiency, and featuring numerous state-of-the-art features integrated into a single Application Processor IC.
The Sony Handheld Engine processor (model CXD2230GA) was first used on the Sony CLIÉ UX Series. This processor was also used on some subsequent CLIÉ models, specifically the TH55 and on the VZ90.
This processor was advertised as having additional mobile capabilities, such as dynamic speed scaling for power efficiency, hardware acceleration for MPEG video playback, a DSP for audio processing, a 2D graphics accelerator, as well as integrated camera, MemoryStick, and LCD interfaces. This highly integrated combination of capabilities were not found in other mobile CPU's until several years later. The processor offered DVFM (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Management), combining both dynamic clock speed and dynamic voltage scaling power saving features together, and this was advertised as being the world's first commercial implementation of such a feature. This processor also featured a 123 MHz ARM926 core with 64 Mbit of integrated eDRAM, and was produced on a 180 nm lithography process by Sony Computer Entertainment in their Nagasaki Chip Fab.

## Devices featuring the Sony HHE

* Sony CLIÉ UX Series
* Sony CLIÉ PEG-VZ90
* Sony CLIÉ PEG-TH55
# George Hicks

George Hicks may refer to:
* George Hicks (trade unionist) (1879–1954), British trade unionist and politician
* George Hicks (footballer) (1902–1954), English footballer
* George Elgar Hicks (1824–1914), English painter
* George Hicks (RAF officer) (1900–1951), World War I flying ace
* George Hicks (broadcast journalist) (1905–1965), American war correspondent
* George L. Hicks, college football player and colonel in the U. S. Army
* George Dawes Hicks (1862–1941), British philosopher
# Francis van Londersele

Francis van Londersele (born 6 July 1953 in Montataire) is a directeur sportif with the Cofidis cycling team.
# Ardmore, Oklahoma micropolitan area

The Ardmore Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of one county in South Central Oklahoma, anchored by the city of Ardmore.
As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 54,452 (though a July 1, 2011 estimate placed the population at 57,482).

## County

* Carter

## Communities

* Places with more than 20,000 inhabitants
** Ardmore (Principal city)
* Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants
** Dickson
** Healdton
** Lone Grove
** Marietta
** Wilson
* Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants
** Springer
* Places with less than 500 inhabitants
** Gene Autry
** Leon
** Ratliff City
** Tatums
** Thackerville
* Unincorporated places
** Burneyville
** Courtney
** Enville
** Greenville
** Jimtown
** Orr
** Overbrook
** Rubottom

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 54,452 people, 21,434 households, and 15,205 families residing within the μSA. The racial makeup of the μSA was 78.93% White, 6.72% African American, 7.96% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.53% from other races, and 4.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.47% of the population.
The median income for a household in the μSA was $30,982, and the median income for a family was $37,471. Males had a median income of $30,021 versus $20,728 for females. The per capita income for the μSA was $16,080.
# Merja Kiviranta

Merja Kiviranta (born 1 October 1977) is a Finnish former racing cyclist. She finished in second place in the Finnish National Road Race Championships in 2009. She also competed at the 2005 ITU Triathlon World Championships.
# Fatim Badjie

Fatim Badjie (born November 13, 1983) is a Gambian entrepreneur.
Born in Banjul, Badjie is the daughter of Dembo M. Badjie, who served as Gambia's ambassador to Sierra Leone, India and China for a time; she is a member of the Jola tribe, and was educated at the Gambia Senior Secondary School and in Belgium before attending Tennessee State University and receiving a bachelor's degree in communication and later a master's degree from University of Manchester in ICT for development. She was employed at Comium Gambia, a cellphone company, as senior communications officer. In March 2008 she was appointed Minister of Communications, Information and Information Technology, replacing Neneh Macdouall-Gaye in the position. At the time, she was the youngest person ever appointed to the Gambian cabinet. She lost her ministry a year later, but was later named Minister of Health and Social Welfare. She has been a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority since 2003. She currently runs a communication and program management consultancy firm called Ace Communications Executive (ACE).
# Ana Rodrigues (settler)

Ana Rodrigues (died 1593), was a Portuguese woman who settled in Brazil, one of the first victims of the Portuguese Inquisition. She emigrated from Portugal to Bahia in Brazil with her spouse in 1557. In 1591, she was accused of having led her family into practicing Judaism in a secret synagogue. She was deported to Lisbon, where she was judged guilty as a heretic leader and sentenced to death. She died in prison in 1593, however, and her image was burned in public as an effigy in 1604.
# Fulton Adventist University College

Fulton Adventist University College is a co-educational boarding tertiary institution situated on the western side of Viti Levu on the main island of Fiji. It is operated by the Seventh-day Adventist church and serves the island countries of Fiji, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Kiribati, French Polynesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Its services are also offered to Pacific Islanders and other interested individuals living in Australia, New Zealand, and overseas.
Fulton Adventist University College is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second-largest Christian school system.

## Campus

The college is approximately 10 km from Nadi International Airport on Sabeto Road. The College campus is set on a 123-acre (0.50 km$^2$) property in the Sabeto Valley under the Sleeping Giant. This relocated campus was opened on 12 February 2014.

## Academic divisions

Fulton is divided into the following divisions offering the following degrees (diplomas also available in all degree areas)
* Business
Bachelor of Business [Accounting & Management], Bachelor of Business [Information Systems], Bachelor of Business [Marketing]
* Education
Bachelor of Education Honours [Primary], Bachelor of Education [Primary], Bachelor of Education [Early Childhood], Postgraduate Diploma in Education, Graduate Diploma in Adventist Education
* Theology
Bachelor of Theology Honours, Bachelor of Theology, Postgraduate Diploma in Theology, Graduate Diploma in Adventist Studies, Graduate Diploma in Theology
* Foundation Studies
Certificate in Foundation Studies [Business], [Education], [Theology]
# Leeblain

Leeblain is a ghost town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located on the north shore of Gunflint Lake in the Thunder Bay District, partly within La Verendrye Provincial Park and next to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in the Boundary Waters between Canada and the United States.

## History

The town Leeblain was created back in 1893 as a stop on the Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway (mile 83). Leeblain was named after two Toronto businessmen who were important investors in the railway, Arthur Brindley Lee (Rice, Lewis & Son) and Hugh Blain (Eby, Blain & Co.). It was hoped that the town would grow into a "metropolis" because of the business generated by the iron mines immediately across the border in Minnesota that were part of the Gunflint Range. The railway planned for Leeblain to be its major terminal point outside of Port Arthur, with a roundhouse and other maintenance facilities.
Located at Leeblain was a framed station that measured 20 by 40 feet and a 1200-foot siding. There was also a two-storey hotel/trading post, as well as several smaller buildings. The town site was also used as a worker camp during the construction of the railway, and some of the Italian labourers built rock ovens to bake their bread. The hotel at Leeblain was operated for a time by Adolph Perras who was previously a businessman in the town of Port Arthur.
With the collapse of the Paulson Mine and the failure of the Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway to reach the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad at Ely, Minnesota, there was very little business along Gunflint Lake. The railway was purchased by Canadian Northern Railway in 1899 and the new company stopped running trains past North Lake in 1903. That same year the Government of Canada opened a customs outport at the eastern end of Gunflint Lake under the name "Leeblain", mostly to serve the short railroad known as the Gunflint and Lake Superior that was transporting logs from Minnesota to Port Arthur. The outport closed in 1909 and most of the rails west of North Lake were removed in 1915.
Leeblain was forgotten and became overgrown after the removal of the rails. Inaccessible from the Canadian side of Gunflint Lake, the site was often visited by locals and visitors from the American side. In 1991 the former grade was cleared by the Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs and Leeblain became accessible again from Canada. The only visible features were the siding and at least four rock ovens scattered around the site. In 1999 the entire Boundary Waters area was hit by an intense weather system that caused massive blowdowns, and became known as the Boundary Waters – Canadian derecho. The storm and the subsequent logging to clear the blowdown caused severe damage to the site, damaging several of the rock ovens and disturbing the building sites. In 2007 the Boundary Waters area was burned by the Ham Lake Fire that originated in Minnesota near the Gunflint Trail; the immense forest fire removed what little vegetation that remained at Leeblain.
# Wetting layer

A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds or metallic alloys (for thin films). Wetting layers form when depositing a lattice-mismatched material on a crystalline substrate. This article refers to the wetting layer connected to the growth of self-assembled quantum dots (e.g. InAs on GaAs). These quantum dots form on top of the wetting layer. The wetting layer can influence the states of the quantum dot for applications in quantum information processing and quantum computation.

## Process

The wetting layer is epitaxially grown on a surface using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The temperatures required for wetting layer growth typically range from 400-500 degrees Celsius. When a material A is deposited on a surface of a lattice-mismatched material B, the first atomic layer of material A often adopts the lattice constant of B. This mono-layer of material A is called the wetting layer. When the thickness of layer A increases further, it becomes energetically unfavorable for material A to keep the lattice constant of B. Due to the high strain of layer A, additional atoms group together once a certain critical thickness of layer A is reached. This island formation reduces the elastic energy. Overgrown with material B, the wetting layer forms a quantum well in case material A has a lower bandgap than B. In this case, the formed islands are quantum dots. Further annealing can be used to modify the physical properties of the wetting layer/quantum dot .

## Properties

The wetting layer is a close-to mono-atomic layer with a thickness of typically 0.5 nanometers. The electronic properties of the quantum dot can change as a result of the wetting layer. Also, the strain of the quantum dot can change due to the wetting layer.
# Mesosa postfasciata

Mesosa postfasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1974. It is known from Malaysia and Borneo.