OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# English (novel)

English (Chinese: 英格力士; pinyin: Yīng Gé Lìshì) is a 2004 Chinese coming-of-age novel by Wang Gang, about a boy growing up during the Cultural Revolution in remote Ürümqi, home to many political exiles including the boy's intellectual parents. English has been translated into English and many other languages.
Wang Gang wrote a sequel in 2012, titled Kashgar (喀什噶尔), which follows the protagonist in his late teens.
The Chinese language title is a phonetic way of representing the word "English" in Chinese for a student of English who is just starting their studies.

## Characters

* Love Liu (刘爱, Liu Ai), the protagonist
* Sunrise Huang (黄旭升, Huang Xusheng), Love's classmate
* Garbage Li (李垃圾), real name Li Jianming (李建明), Love's classmate
* Second Prize Wang (王亚军, Wang Yajun), Love's English teacher from Shanghai
** Ania Spyra of Butler University describes him as having "all-too-Western gentlemanly manners, cologne and luxurious clothes" and which therefore makes other people living in Ürümqi feel afraid.
* Ahjitai (阿吉泰), Love's teacher, who is of mixed Han Chinese and Uyghur ancestry
* Love Liu's father
* Love Liu's mother
* Sunrise Huang's father
* Sunrise Huang's mother
* Principal
* Commander Shen
* Director Fan

## Reception

Kirkus Reviews described the work as "a telling, appreciably non-Western narrative enriched by politics and poetry."
Spyra wrote that the decision of the English version to render major character names as translations instead of transliterations " lends the book an aura of an allegory, in the vein of Everyman or The Pilgrim’s Progress", and that the ending "surprises us". She praised the characters for being "fully rounded, vulnerable, and believable."

## Adaptation

A film adaptation directed by Joan Chen is currently in post-production.
# Environmental issues in Malaysia

Malaysia faces several environmental issues. Malaysia's environment possesses megadiverse biological diversity, with globally significant endemism and biodiversity, but is threatened by several issues. Deforestation is a major issue in the country that has led to many species becoming threatened with extinction. As a major economic sector, palm oil production has had a substantial environmental impact. Air pollution is also a major issue, with the country one of the most affected countries by seasonal Southeast Asian haze. The country is also affected by climate change.

## Issues
### Climate change

Climate change is having a considerable impact in Malaysia. Increasing temperatures are likely to greatly increase the number of heatwaves occurring annually. Variations in precipitation may increase the frequency of droughts and floods in various local areas. Sea level rise may inundate some coastal areas. These impacts are expected to have numerous environmental and socioeconomic effects, exacerbating existing environmental issues and reinforcing inequality.

### Endangered species

* Borneo pygmy elephant
* Sumatran rhinoceros
* Malayan tiger
* Orangutan
* Oriental darter
* Storm's stork
* Milky stork

### Deforestation

Deforestation in Malaysia is a major environmental issue in the country. British colonial deforestation efforts began in 1880 and were rapidly driven by commercial rubber and palm oil cultivation.
The following are notable projects contributing to deforestation:
* Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric Project
* Kelau Dam
* Bukit Cherakah
* Pulai River
* Sungai Mas
Malaysia had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.01/10, ranking it 111th globally out of 172 countries.

### Pollution

Air pollution in Malaysia is a major issue, with the country one of the most affected by seasonal Southeast Asian haze.
* 1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution
* 2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution

### Reclamation

Coastal reclamation is damaging mangroves and turtle nesting sights.

### Recycling and waste management

The country has numerous waste and recycling policies and initiatives but overall low rate of recycling and problems with violations and enforcement of such laws and policies.

### Water
## Controversial projects and policies

| Project/Area affected | Activity | State | Began | Notes |
| Bakun Dam | Dams | Sarawak | 2008 | Forest loss. |
| Kuala Lumpur Outer Ring Road (KLORR) | Highways | Selangor | 2008 | Forest fragmentation in the Selangor State Park. |
| Forest Plantation Development | Plantation | Selangor | 2008- | Clearance of natural forest for timber plantations. |
| Empire Residence Development | Housing | Selangor | 2008- | Hillslope clearance. |
| Pan Borneo Highway | Highway | Sarawak/Sabah | 2016 | Forest loss, Brunei sections and the Temburong Bridge project and its implications to Limbang |

## Environmental organisations

* Malaysian Nature Society
* Global Environment Centre
* Klima Action Malaysia
# Leo Reed

Leo Tautua Tanoa'i Reed (January 3, 1939 – February 27, 2022) was an American labor leader and the longtime director of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) Motion Picture and Theatrical Trades Division. Reed first became a business agent for the Hawaii Government Employees Association (HGEA) in 1973, where his natural leadership and charisma attracted the attention of Hawaii labor leader Art Rutledge, who recruited him to be a business agent for Hawaii Teamsters Local 996 in 1975.
In 1980, Reed moved to Los Angeles to join Hollywood Teamsters Local 399, representing studio drivers, and was responsible for increasing the membership to 5,500 members and organizing location managers and casting directors under the local.
Known as tough negotiator who understood the needs of the rank and file members, Reed was elected as its secretary-treasurer, 399's principal officer in 1988, and appointed Director of the Motion Picture and Theatrical Trades Division for the IBT in 1993. Reed won an unprecedented eight terms as 399's principal officer, during which time he united the efforts of motion picture locals across the nation to prevent the studios from simply moving to another area to avoid a strike, and publicly supporting the negotiating efforts of fellow motion picture guilds.
Reed finally stepped down in 2013 after 25 years in office. His successor at the local, Steve Dayan, named Reed Secretary-Treasurer Emeritus and established the Leo T. Reed Scholarship in 2016, honoring Reed’s countless contributions to its members, and helping to send a dozen kids of local 399 members every year to college.
The eldest of 5 kids, Reed was born on the North shore of Oahu to a Scots-Irish US Army Sergeant stationed in Hawaii, Thomas "Leo" Reed, who married Vaita’i Tanoai, a daughter of the first generation of Samoan Americans to immigrate to Hawaii to help build the Hawaii LDS Temple in Laie, and was raised in a Mormon household.
One of the first wave of Polynesians in American football, Reed was the first graduate of the now football powerhouse Kahuku High to play professional football, earning a football scholarship to the University of Colorado and go on to play for the Denver Broncos and the 1961 AFC Champion Houston Oilers. Reed credits Al Lolotai, the first Samoan to play pro football as a mentor, then the athletic director of Church College of Hawaii.
Sent down to the UFL Indianapolis Warriors in 1962, Reed returned to Hawaii in 1964 and joined the Honolulu Police Department prior to becoming a labor representative.
Reed is an uncle of Hollywood stuntman Tanoai Reed, and a cousin to actor Dwayne Johnson's grandfather, Peter Maivia.
# Endless Days (album)

Endless Days is an album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber recorded in Norway in April 2000 and released on ECM the following year. The quartet features oboist Paul McCandless, pianist Rainer Brüninghaus, and drummer Michael Di Pasqua.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings | |
The AllMusic review by David R. Adler awarded the album 2½ stars, stating, "Weber's new compositions involve little improvisation and a steadfast avoidance of typical jazz vocabulary. Evocative and thoroughly composed, these tracks have something of a European classical, chamber jazz feel... Well done and moving at times, but a bit mild and innocuous overall."
All About Jazz noted "Endless Days occupies a distinct niche in the accumulating body of ECM records with sparse, reverberant sound and stark, often melancholy themes. The "composed" aspect of the record offers a degree of formalism that sets it apart from some of the more improvised music on the label."

## Track listing

All compositions by Eberhard Weber

## Personnel

* Eberhard Weber – bass
* Paul McCandless – oboe, English horn, bass clarinet, soprano saxophone
* Rainer Brüninghaus – piano, keyboards
* Michael Di Pasqua – drums, percussion
# Chorizema carinatum

Chorizema carinatum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is an erect or spreading shrub with sharply-pointed leaves and bright yellow flowers.

## Description

Chorizema carinatum is an erect or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 10–60 cm (3.9–23.6 in). The leaves are scattered, leathery, oblong or lance-shaped and up to 25 mm (0.98 in) long with a small, rigid, sharply-pointed, down-turned tip on the ends. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branches in racemes 25–50 mm (0.98–1.97 in) long, each flower on a short pedicel. The sepals are 6.0–8.5 mm (0.24–0.33 in) long and silky-hairy, the petals yellow and often barely longer than the sepals. Flowering occurs from October to December.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1844 by Carl Meissner who gave it the name Callistachys carinata in Lehmann's Plantae Preissianae from specimens collected in Kent in 1840. In 1992, Joan Taylor and Michael Crisp transferred the species to Chorizema as C. carinatum in Australian Systematic Botany. The specific epithet (carinatum) means "keeled", referring to the leaves.

## Distribution and habitat

Chorizema carinatum grows in sand and sandy clay in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.

## Conservation status

This pea is listed as "Priority Three" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
# Chorizanthe xanti

Chorizanthe xanti is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name Riverside spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in several of the mountain ranges from the Sierra Nevada to the Southern California Transverse Ranges in forest, woodland, and scrub habitats.

## Description

Chorizanthe xanti is generally erect in form, reaching up to about 30 centimeters in height, and reddish in color and coated in thin to dense hairs. The inflorescence is a loose cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by six reddish, curly-haired bracts tipped with hooked awns. The flower is up to 6 millimeters wide and pink to red in color. There are two varieties of this species.
The rarer, var. leucotheca, is known only from the San Jacinto and San Bernardino Mountains. It has a much more thickly woolly inflorescence than the more common variety.
# Chorizanthe uniaristata

Chorizanthe uniaristata is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae known by the common name one-awn spineflower. It is endemic to central California, where it is known from several of the local mountain ranges, as well as the Central Coast.
It grows in sandy, gravelly, and rocky soils in chaparral and woodland. This plant has upright or decumbent stems up to about 25 centimeters in length. It is hairy and gray, green, or reddish in color. The inflorescence is a cluster of flowers, with each flower surrounded by an array of six hairy bracts. One bract is much longer than the others and has a long, straight awn; the other bracts have hooked awns. The flower is 2 or 3 millimeters long and usually white.
# Chinese apple

Chinese apple is a name used for several fruits :
* Citrus × sinensis (orange) is referred to as Chinese apple in Dutch, sinaasappel or appelsien, and sometimes German, Apfelsine, Swedish apelsin, Finnish appelsiini and Danish and Norwegian appelsin, and Icelandic appelsína', and Lithuanian apelsinas.
* Malus prunifolia, a species in the apple genus (Malus) native to China, used as in breeding and sometimes cultivated for its fruit
* Punica granatum (pomegranate) sometimes called Chinese apple in British English
* Syzygium luehmannii (riberry) sometimes called Chinese apple in Australian English
* Ziziphus jujuba is referred to as Chinese apple in Vietnamese, táo tàu, or simply táo.
# Tillandsia lucida

Tillandsia lucida is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is native to Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Honduras.

## Cultivars

* Tillandsia 'Discovery'
# Tillandsia makoyana

Tillandsia makoyana is a species of flowering plant in the Bromeliaceae family. This species is native to Costa Rica and Mexico.
# Chollima Statue

The Chollima Statue (Korean: 천리마동상) is a monument on Mansu Hill [ko] in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. The monument symbolizes the "Chollima speed" of the Chollima Movement. The legendary winged horse Chollima depicted by the monument is said to travel 1,000 ri (400 km) a day.

## History

The monument was constructed as a gift to Kim Il Sung. It was built by the Merited Sculpture Production Company of the Mansudae Art Studio. The statue was unveiled on 15 April 1961, the 49th birthday of Kim Il Sung. The impetus to build the monument was Kim Il Sung's speech "Let Us Further Develop Popular Art" given to rural amateur artist groups on 7 March 1961. The Chollima Statue was awarded the People's Prize.

## Features

The monument is 46 meters tall in total. The sculpture stands 14 meters high and is 16 meters long. The two figures riding the Chollima, a male worker and a woman peasant, are 7 meters and 6.5 meters tall, respectively. The worker raises the "Red Letter" of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and the peasant holds a sheaf of rice. The figures are made of bronze, while the base is granite.
# Leon Kaufmann

Leon Kaufmann, in French, Léon Kamir Kaufmann, also known as Kamir or Kamir-Kaufman (8 June 1872, Pawłowo - 27 May 1933, Louveciennes) was a Polish painter and pastel artist who worked in France after 1902.

## Biography

His first art lessons were in 1888, at the School of Fine Arts [pl] in Warsaw with Wojciech Gerson. In 1895, he moved to Munich, where he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts with Simon Hollósy until 1897. The following year, he entered the Académie Julian in Paris. On that occasion, his primary instructor was Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant. W 1900 powrócił do Warszawy.
From 1901 to 1902, he and the literary critic Cezary Jellenta [pl] held an artistic cabaret at his studio, which was regularly attended by the author, Zofia Nałkowska and Tadeusz Ulanowski (1872-1942), a noted actor, among others. In 1902, he left for Paris and settled there permanently, but never broke off contact with his homeland, paying frequent visits to Warsaw and Vilnius, where he was the guest of the philanthropist, Eugenia Kierbedź [pl]. In 1914, he married Odette Dessauces, from a wealthy French family. They settled on an estate in Louveciennes in 1922, but he maintained his studio in Paris.
He continued to exhibit in Poland; notably with the Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts [pl] and in the salon of Aleksander Krywult [pl]. He also worked with the "Protection Society for Children of the Jewish Religion". In Paris, he favored the Salon d'Automne, the salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (of which he became a member in 1911) and the Salon des Tuileries. He also held personal exhibitions and a few in other European cities, such as London, Venice and Vienna.
He painted in a variety of genres; including portraits, landscapes and interior scenes. Although he lived in France, he apparently never became involved in the various artistic schools that developed there. His pastel portraits, however, were inspired by Luminist techniques and were designed to give an impression of vagueness. Among those he portrayed were the French composers and musicians Alfred Cortot, Paul Dukas, Reynaldo Hahn and Ferruccio Busoni. His portraits of Polish notables included Wanda Landowska, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Józef Hofmann, Stanisław Przybyszewski and Jan Rosen,

## Selected works

* Portrait of Paderewski
* Night Bird
* View of Lido
* The Veranda at Malmaison
* Seated Female Nude
# Tiankun-1

Tiankun-1 (also known as TK-1) is a Chinese experimental technology demonstration satellite developed, operated, and launched by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). It was launched on March 2, 2017, and is designed in order to test its satellite bus, as well as small satellite operations. The satellite decayed from orbit on 7 July 2023.

## Design

Tiankun-1 is a small satellite designed to test technologies meant for satellites of such sizes, as well as experiment with the operation of small satellites. With its small launch vehicles, China hopes to be able to get a share in the international small satellite launch market.
Tiankun-1's mission is to test out its satellite bus and performance in orbit. It would also be used for testing remote sensing and telecommunications technologies, as well as test out minisatellite-based experiments and operations. It is the first spacecraft to be developed by the CASIC as part of its plans to expand its commercial space plans.

## Launch

Tiankun-1 was launched on board a Kaituozhe-2 rocket, which is a then-new small launch vehicle. It launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on March 2, 2017, at 07:53 CST (23:53 UTC) into a polar orbit. It was the Kaituozhe-2's first launch, and its first successful one. It was launched to a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 373.3 km (232.0 mi), an apogee of 417.3 km (259.3 mi) and an inclination of 97.2°.
# Anne Borg (dancer)

Anne Borg (née Nicolaisen; 28 September 1936 – 19 December 2016) was a ballet dancer and choreographer.
She was appointed ballet director at the opera from 1970 to 1977, and a second period from 1983 to 1988. She served as rector at the Norwegian National Academy of Ballet from 1991 to 1995. In 1988 she was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav.
Borg received the Oslo City art award in 1978 and the Arts Council Norway Honorary Award in 2013.
# Anne Bosworth Focke

Anne Lucy Bosworth Focke (September 29, 1868 – May 15, 1907) was an American mathematician who became the first mathematics professor at what is now the University of Rhode Island, and later became the first female doctoral student of David Hilbert.

## Early life

Bosworth was originally from Woonsocket, Rhode Island. When she was four, her father and a younger sister died, and she grew up in a family of women: her mother (a librarian), her grandmother (also widowed), and her aunt.

## Undergraduate education and academic work

Bosworth attended Woonsocket High School, and graduated from Wellesley College in 1890. At Wellesley, her classmates included mathematicians Grace Andrews and Clara Latimer Bacon.
She worked for two years as a teacher at Amesbury High School in Massachusetts, and was appointed as an instructor of mathematics at the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (later to become the University of Rhode Island) in early 1892, the first year the school became a college. One month later she became its professor of mathematics and physics.

## Graduate education

While continuing to work at the college, Bosworth earned a master's degree at the University of Chicago from 1894 through 1896 through summer study with E. H. Moore and Oskar Bolza.
In 1898, taking a leave from her work for the college, Bosworth traveled to the University of Göttingen in Germany, where she worked under the supervision of David Hilbert. She defended her dissertation there in 1899, and was awarded the Ph.D. in 1900. Her dissertation was Begründung einer vom Parallelenaxiome unabhängigen Streckenrechnung, and concerned non-Euclidean geometry. She was David Hilbert's first female doctoral student, part of a group that later included Nadeschda Gernet (1902), Vera Myller (1906), Margarete Kahn (1909), Klara Löbenstein (1910), and Eva Koehler (1912).

## Later life

In 1901 Bosworth married Theodore Moses Focke, an American civil engineer, materials scientist, and applied mathematician whom she had met in Göttingen. Soon afterwards she followed her husband to Cleveland, Ohio, leaving her academic work (except for assisting her husband in grading) to raise a family of three children. She caught pneumonia in 1907 and died of it.
# Leonard Odipo

Leonard Mathews Otieno Odipo is a Kenyan manager, and the immediate former coach of Mathare United. He is now the coach at third-tier side Equity F.C.

## Career

In the past, Odipo handled Kibera Celtic, was an assistant and interim coach at Tusker FC, head coach at Kenyan premier league side Sony Sugar, and coach of second tier sides Nairobi Stima, Kibera Black Stars, and Mathare United.
# Leonard Preyra

Leonard Preyra (born February 10, 1955) is a Canadian politician. He represented the riding of Halifax Citadel-Sable Island in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 2006 to 2013. He was a member of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party.

## Career

Prior to becoming an MLA, Preyra was a professor in the political science department at Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

## Political career

He was first elected in the 2006 election in an open seat, defeating Progressive Conservative candidate and unsuccessful leadership candidate Bill Black.
Preyra was named the Ministerial Assistant for the Office of Immigration in June 2009. On May 30, 2012, Preyra was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Communities, Culture, and Heritage.
Preyra was defeated when he ran for re-election in the 2013 election.
# Another Chance (Tammy Wynette song)

"Another Chance" is a song written by Robert Dawdry, Dennis Knutson and Jerry Taylor, and recorded by American country music artist Tammy Wynette. It was released in March 1982 as the first single from the album Soft Touch
"Another Chance" was recorded at Woodland Studios, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The recording session was produced by George Richey, Wynette's husband and musical collaborator. It was the first recording session of Wynette's to be produced by Richey. Previous recording sessions were mostly produced by Billy Sherrill, Wynette's long-time producer at Epic Records. The session included several more tracks that would appear on Wynette's 1982 studio album. Notable session musicians included Charlie McCoy playing the harmonica and Pete Wade playing guitar.
The song reached number 8 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. "Another Chance" became Wynette's first solo single to reach the country songs "top 10" list since 1979's "No One Else in the World". It was released on her 1982 studio album Soft Touch.

## Track listing
### 7" vinyl single

* "Another Chance" – 2:40
* "What's It Like to Be a Woman" – 3:29

## Charts

| Chart (1982) | Peak position |
| US Hot Country Singles (Billboard) | 8 |
| Canada Country Singles (RPM) | 3 |
# Chocoheros

Chocoheros is a monotypic genus of cichlid. Its only known species is Chocoheros microlepis, found in South America. It is endemic to the single river basin of Rio Baudó on the Pacific side of Colombia.
# Eosentomon hyatti

Eosentomon hyatti is a species of proturan in the family Eosentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia.
# English School Attached to Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

The English School Attached to Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (广州市广外附设外语学校) is a private secondary school in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The school is affiliated with the private Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.