OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur McCandless Wilson

Arthur McCandless Wilson (29 July 1902, Sherrard, Illinois – 13 June 1979, Hanover, New Hampshire) was a professor of biography and government. He is known primarily for his two-volume biography of Diderot.
Wilson graduated in 1922 with A.B. from South Dakota's Yankton College. He graduated from the University of Oxford in 1926 with B.A., in 1927 with B. Litt., and in 1931 with M.A. (as a Rhodes Scholar at Exeter College, Oxford). He married Julia Mary Tolford in 1927. At Harvard University he graduated with M.A. in 1930 and Ph.D. in 1933. In Dartmouth College's department of biography, he was appointed in 1933 instructor, in 1936 assistant professor, and in 1940 full professor, retiring in 1967 as professor emeritus. During WWW II he served in Washington, DC, with the Office of Strategic Services.
Wilson's book French Foreign Policy during the Administration of Cardinal Fleury, 1726–1743: A Study in Diplomacy and Commercial Development, published in 1936 by Harvard University Press, was awarded in 1938 the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize of the American Historical Association. Wilson's research on his famous biography of Diderot began in 1936 and received support from Guggenheim fellowships for the academic years 1939–1940 and 1956–1957. His wife helped him with the research, which caused them to travel to France, England, and Russia. Wilson's Diderot: The Testing Years, 1713–1759 was published in 1957 by Oxford University Press. In 1972 two volumes were published as Diderot: The Testing Years, 1713–1759 and Diderot: The Appeal to Posterity, 1759–1784. The two-volume biography won the National Book Award for Nonfiction in 1973. The two-volume biography was translated into French as Diderot. Sa vie et son œuvre, published in 1985 by Laffont/Ramsay.
After his retirement in 1967, Wilson was a visiting professor at Columbia University for two years from 1967 to 1969. Upon his death he was survived by his widow. His remains were buried at Hillside Cemetery in Norwich, Vermont, the small town where he lived in retirement.
# Udea curvata

Udea curvata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was first described by Zhang and Li in 2016. It is found in Tibet, China.
The wingspan is 25.5–28.5 mm. The forewings are yellow, scattered with brown scales, the markings grey brown. The antemedian line from the costal one-fourth is sinuated to one-third of the posterior margin. The proximal cellular stigma is circular and the distal cellular stigma is kidney shaped. The postmedian line is zigzaggy serrate, from the costal three-fourths, excurved around the cell, and strongly inflexed below the distal cellular stigma, then to two-thirds on the posterior margin. The postmedian area is strongly dusted with grey and alternately formed grey and yellow streaks. The vein ends on the wing margin each with a small brown dot. The fringe is yellow, the basal one-fourth grey. The hindwings are pale yellow, a darker steak at the anterior angle and a blackish dot at the posterior angle of the cell. The postmedial line is grey brown, zigzaggy serrate, with the anterior one-fourth most distinct. The postmedian area is similar to the forewing, the marginal line and fringe as the forewing, but paler at the tornus area.

## Etymology

The species name is derived from Latin curvata (meaning curved), referring to the curved fibula.
# T.M.P. Mahadevan

Telliyavaram Mahadevan Ponnambalam Mahadevan (24 August 1911 – 5 November 1983) was an Indian writer, philosopher, and Advaita scholar. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Madras. His doctoral thesis was titled "The Philosophy of Advaita".
# Democratic Centre (North Macedonia)

Democratic Centre (mk: Демократски Центар) is a centre-left political party in North Macedonia founded in 2002 by ex-members of the Democratic Alternative and several political debitants: Radomir Karangelovski, Savo Klimovski, Stole Popov, Tanja Karakamiseva, Arben Golja and Lazar Lazarov.
The party functions on a basis of rotating presidency. Its major political debut were the 2002 parliamentary elections in the Republic of Macedonia, when it failed to gain a seat.
# WS-Trust

WS-Trust is a WS-* specification and OASIS standard that provides extensions to WS-Security, specifically dealing with the issuing, renewing, and validating of security tokens, as well as with ways to establish, assess the presence of, and broker trust relationships between participants in a secure message exchange.
The WS-Trust specification was authored by representatives of a number of companies, and was approved by OASIS as a standard in March 2007.
Using the extensions defined in WS-Trust, applications can engage in secure communication designed to work within the Web services framework.

## Overview

WS-Trust defines a number of new elements, concepts and artifacts in support of that goal, including:
* the concept of a Security Token Service (STS) - a web service that issues security tokens as defined in the WS-Security specification.
* the formats of the messages used to request security tokens and the responses to those messages.
* mechanisms for key exchange
WS-Trust is then implemented within Web services libraries, provided by vendors or by open source collaborative efforts. Web services frameworks that implement the WS-Trust protocols for token request include: Microsoft's Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) and Windows Identity Foundation (WIF - as of .NET 4.5, WIF is integrated into .NET Core), Sun's WSIT framework, Apache's Rampart (part of axis2), and others. In addition, vendors or other groups may deliver products that act as a Security Token Service, or STS. Microsoft's Access Control Services is one such service, available online today. PingIdentity Corporation also markets an STS. Microsoft's ADFS also provides implementation of an STS.

## Authors

The companies involved in defining WS-Trust were:
* Actional Corporation, BEA Systems, Inc.
* Computer Associates International, Inc.
* International Business Machines Corporation
* Layer 7 Technologies
* Microsoft Corporation
* Oblix Inc.
* OpenNetwork Technologies Inc.
* Ping Identity Corporation
* Reactivity Inc.
* RSA Security Inc.
* VeriSign Inc
# Giuseppe Maria Galanti

Giuseppe Maria Galanti (1743–1806) was an Italian historian and economist, in the Kingdom of Naples.

## Life

Galanti was born in Santa Croce del Sannio, Molise. He was a follower of Pietro Giannone and studied under Antonio Genovesi. While young he was influenced by independent-minded priests and came to hate feudalism; moving as a boy to Naples, he came to know the ideas of Gaetano Filangieri as well as those of Genovesi.
With the title Visitatore generale del Regno, he surveyed the state of the kingdom, and proposed agricultural and economic reforms. A critic of the top layers of Neapolitan society, he considered them too little interested in commerce.

## Works

* Galanti, Giuseppe Maria (1781). Elogio storico del signor Abate Antonio Genovesi. Naples.
* Elogio di Niccolò Machiavelli cittadino e segretario fiorentino. Con un Discorso intorno alla costituzione della Società ed al governo politico (1779)
* Galanti, Giuseppe Maria (1781). Descrizione del Estado Antico ed Attuale del Contado di Molise , First volume. Naples: La Sociedad Letterario ed Tipografica.
* Saggio sopra l' antica storia de' primi abitatori dell'Italia (1783)
* Galanti, Giuseppe Maria (1793). Descrizione geografica e politica delle Sicilie, First volume. Naples: I soci di Gabinetto Letterario. (Five volumes, 1786–1794).
* Giornale di viaggio in Calabria (1792)
* Galanti, Giuseppe Maria (1792). Breve descrizione della città di Napoli e del suo contorno. Naples: I soci di Gabinetto Letterario.
(critical edition, Maria Rosaria Pelizzari, 2000)
* Memoria intorno allo stato dei Banchi (1799)
* Testamento forense (1806)
* Scritti sulla Calabria (critical edition, 1993)
* Memorie storiche del mio tempo e altri scritti di natura autobiografica (1761-1806) (critical edition, 1996)
* Pensieri vari e altri scritti della tarda maturità (critical edition, 2000)
* Prospetto storico sulle vicende del genere umano (critical edition, 2000)
# 1145 aluminium alloy

1145 Aluminium alloy is a nearly pure aluminium alloy with minor impurities like copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, titanium, silicon and iron.

## Chemical composition

| Element | Content (%) |
| Aluminum | 99.45 (min) |
| Copper | 0.05 |
| Manganese | 0.05 |
| Magnesium | 0.05 |
| Zinc | 0.05 |
| Titanium | 0.03 |
| Silicon, Si + Iron, Fe | Remainder |

## Physical properties

| Properties | Metric |
| Density | 2.6-2.8 g/cm3 |
| Elastic modulus | 70-80 GPa |
| Poisson's ratio | 0.33 |
| Thermal conductivity | 227 W/mK |
# Sparganothis senecionana

Sparganothis senecionana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in western North America, from British Columbia to Mexico and east to Colorado.
The length of the forewings is 7.5-12.5 mm. The forewings are pale yellow with brown to purplish-brown markings. Adults are on wing from April to August in one generation per year.
The larvae feed on a wide range of plants. They have been recorded feeding on Brodiaea species, Lomatium californicum, Achillea species (including Achillea milleflorum), Anaphalis margaritacea, Artemisia douglasiana, Balsamorhiza sagittata, Gnaphalium species, Hieracium scouleri, Senecio species (including Senecio integerrimus), Wyethia species, Cynoglossum grande, Horkelia species (including Horkelia californica and Horkelia fusca), Barbarea orthoceras, Hypericum perforatum, Cornus species, Lupinus albifrons, Thermopsis macrophylla, Eriodictyon californicum, Phacelia californica, Phacelia hastata, Iris species, Stachys rigida, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, Zigadenus paniculatus, Chlorogalum species, Clarkia species, Abies species (including Abies magnifica and Abies concolor), Pseudotsuga menziesii, Dodecatheon hendersonii, Ceanothus papillosus, Cercocarpus montanus, Prunus species (including Prunus virginiana), Castilleja applegatei and Penstemon species (including Penstemon deustus, Penstemon newberryi and Penstemon speciosus). They generally feed on the flowers of their host plant.
# Crataegus ser. Populneae

Series Populneae is a series within the genus Crataegus that contains at least eight species of hawthorn trees and shrubs, native to Eastern North America. Only one species, C. populnea is widespread.

## Species

The species in the series are:
* Crataegus beata
* Crataegus populnea
* Crataegus prona
* Crataegus jesupii
* Crataegus levis
* Crataegus delawarensis
* Crataegus aemula
* Crataegus stolonifera
The rare and poorly documented species Crataegus haemacarpa may also belong to this series.
# Vanathirayanpattinam

Vanathirayanpattinam or Vanathirayampattinam is a village in the Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

In the 2011 census, Vanathirayanpattinam had a total population of 4,687 of which 2,331 were males and 2,356 were females. The literacy rate was 67.05 percent (male 77.36 percent and female 57.00 percent), which was lower than the 80.09 percent literacy of Tamil Nadu.
# Thali García

Thali Alejandra García Arce (born March 14, 1990), more commonly known by her stage name Thali García, is a Mexican actress who grew up in Hermosillo, Sonora. At the age of 17, she moved from her hometown of Hermosillo to the capital Mexico City. In Mexico City, she was a presenter of Nickers, a television program especially for viewers between the ages of 8 and 15 distributed by Nickelodeon Latin America. In 2017, she became a mother for the second time.

## Filmography

Television roles :
| Year | Title | Roles | Notes |
| 2008 | Secretos del alma | Maribel | Recurring role |
| 2011 | Bienvenida Realidad | Regina Córdoba | Recurring role |
| 2012 | Rosa diamante | Eva Sotomayor | Special participation |
| 2013 | 11-11: En mi cuadra nada cuadra | Sandra Jiménez | Main role; 75 episodes |
| 2013 | Hombre tenías que ser | Gabriela "Gaby" Álvarez | Recurring role |
| 2014 | Reina de corazones | Camila de Rosas | Special participation; 14 episodes |
| 2015 | UEPA! Un escenario para amar | July Rivero | Recurring role |
| 2016–2017 | Silvana sin lana | María de los Ángeles "Angie" Villaseñor | Main cast; 119 episodes |
| 2018–2024 | El Señor de los Cielos | Berenice Ahumada | Recurring role |
| 2018 | Las Buchonas | Manuela | Main role |
| 2019 | Un poquito tuyo | Viviana Solano Montiel | Main role |
| 2022 | Los ricos también lloran | Sofía Mandujano | Main cast |
| 2023 | Los 50 | Herself | Contestant |
| 2024 | La casa de los famosos | Herself | Houseguest (season 4) |
# What's Past Is Prologue (disambiguation)

"What's past is prologue" is a quotation from the 1611 play The Tempest by William Shakespeare.
What's Past Is Prologue may also refer to:
* "What's Past Is Prologue" (The Flash), a 2018 episode
* "What's Past Is Prologue", a 2005 episode of the TV series Summerland
* "What's Past Is Prologue" (Star Trek: Discovery), a 2018 episode
* "What's Past Is Prologue", a 2019 episode of the Indian web series Bard of Blood
# Andrés Rodríguez-Pose

Andrés Rodríguez-Pose is a professor of economic geography at the London School of Economics and Political Science and former head of its Department of Geography and Environment (2006-2009).

## Biography

He was president of the Regional Science Association International (RSAI) (2015-2017).
Among his honours is the 2018 ERSA Prize in Regional Science, considered to be among the highest awards in regional science, as well as Honorary Doctorates in Geosciences from Utrecht University and Economics from Jönköping University.
# Cuban National Ballet School

The Cuban National Ballet School (Escuela Nacional Cubana de Ballet) in Havana, with approximately 3,000 students is the biggest ballet school in the world and the most prestigious ballet school in Cuba. It was directed by Ramona de Sáa until her death on 17 April 2024.

## History

The school dates back to the Ballet School of the Sociedad Pro-Arte Musical de La Habana, founded in 1931, where the prima ballerina assoluta, Alicia Alonso her former husband Fernando Alonso and his brother Alberto received their earliest ballet classes. In 1961, state-sponsored education began with the creation of the Alejo Carpentier Provincial School of Ballet (Escuela Nacional de Ballet Alejo Carpentier). The following year, the National School of Ballet was created as part of the National School of Art. The fundamental characteristic of this teaching institution is in its formation, sustained in the methodology of the Cuban school of ballet. Like all the Cuban educational systems, the education of the ballet in the country is free.

### Expansion

The school was able to accommodate 900 students until the president Fidel Castro, who, in a visit to the school, suggested the idea of new studio space. After some proposals, he decided to raise the number of students from 900 to more than 4,000 children and adolescents. Director of the school, Ramona de Sáa recalls: "quickly we started doing the study: how many students per classroom, how many professors... and in a few days we were delivering the project to the president for the new social order of the school."
In 2002 the expansion allowed the program to begin the work to select 4,050 students out of the 52,000 that were interested. Professionals from the Cuban National Ballet, the Superior Institute of Art and the Elementary School of Ballet divided into 35 teams to select the students that would attend the school.

## Graduates

Many of the school's alumni are eminent professionals, recognized in Cuba and internationally. Most of them form part of the Cuban National Ballet, one of the most important companies of the world. Some are given permission to join, or defect to, foreign ballet companies, primarily American.

## Location

Paseo del Prado e/ Trocadero y Morro Havana, Cuba
# Damn the weather

A damn the weather (or damn-the-weather) is a Prohibition Era cocktail made with Gin, sweet vermouth, orange juice, and a sweetener (either Triple Sec or Curaçao). It is served shaken and chilled, often with a slice of orange or other citrus fruit.

## History

Like many prohibition-era cocktails, the damn the weather was conceived as a way to hide the scent and flavor of poor quality homemade spirits, in this case bathtub gin. The original recipe was included in Harry Craddock's 1930 The Savoy Cocktail Book. A bar/restaurant in Seattle takes its name from the drink.

## Variations

* The Despite the Weather cocktail is made with shochu, pisco, orange juice, lemon, passion fruit, and ginger syrup.
* The drink may be served over ice in a short glass.
* Grand Marnier or Cointreau may be substituted for the sweetener.
# LesGaiCineMad

LesGaiCineMad, Festival Internacional de Cine LGBT de Madrid (Madrid International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival) is an LGBT film festival held in Madrid, Spain, organised by the Fundación Triángulo and usually held in November.

## History

The inaugural event was held in 1996. Approximately 14,000 attendees were estimated to have attended the 2010 event.
In 2021, the festival introduced the "Dissident Cinema" category for films that fell outside prevailing norms of production.

## Resources

LesGaiCineMad has a digital catalogue of more than 3,000 independent movies and is considered to be a major archive of films on the subject of affective diversity in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries.
LesGaiCineMad created and leads the CineLGBT Network. It involves more than 30 festivals from Latin America and Spain, which receive support and economic aid to organize their own activities.

## LesGaiCineMad Spanish Film Market (SFM)

LesGaiCineMad Spanish Film Market (SFM) was an event that ran in Spain until 2009 as part of LesGaiCineMad. SFM was a marketplace where producers and sales companies of the films in the SFM catalogue licensed films to distributors, as well as a booking place for international film festival programmers to find content for their own film festivals.
Additionally, SFM held training events for independent film production and distribution and served as a meeting point for members of the independent cinema community to have professional meetings, parties, and receptions.
It was not audience oriented; only accredited industry members were able to attend SFM events.

## Other projects

LesGaiCineMad has also launched other year-round projects, including a Lesbian film festival held in April since 2011, events held at Pride celebrations in Madrid, and collaborations with LGBTQ filmmakers in Latin America.
In 2019 they launched QueerCineLab, which offers resources such as mentoring to aspiring and emerging LGBTQ filmmakers.
# Avur, Azerbaijan

Avur is a village in the Yardymli Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Çay Üzü.
# Administrative Code of Belarus

The Administrative Code of Belarus is the set of laws that codify administrative law in Belarus.

## History

The Belarusian administrative code was updated on 1 March 2021, strengthening penalties for several actions in relation to civil disobedience.

## Offences
### Civil disobedience

Since 1 March 2021, Section 24 of the administrative code includes articles covering civil disobedience. Participation in unsanctioned mass events is punishable by up to 15 days of arrest, or up to 30 days if the offense is repeated, under Article 24.23. Community service from eight to 60 hours can be given as an alternative sentence.
Disobedience to a lawful demand of an official, in practice during political protests, is punishable under Article 24.3. The "illegal use and manufacture of flags and symbols" is punishable under Article 24.26.

### Bodily harm

The intentional infliction of bodily harm or other violence that causes insignificant injury is publishable by a fine or administrative arrest under Article 9.1 of the code.

## Fairness of trials

As of 2022, court cases in Belarus are often scheduled ten minutes apart from one another and can conclude in as little three minutes, and have been criticized for being "not a court". Consistently from 2016 through 2020, trials resulting in a guilty verdict occurred at a frequency of 99.7% and 99.8%.
# Andrés Rodríguez Vila

Andrés Rodríguez Vila is a Uruguayan chess Grandmaster, ranked as the top player from Uruguay in a 2019 chess tournament held in Arica, Chile.

## Career

He has represented Uruguay at multiple Chess Olympiads, including 2004, 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2018.
He qualified for the Chess World Cup 2009, where he lost to eventual champion Boris Gelfand in the first round.
In 2012, he organised the 7th Continental Championship.
# Giuseppe Molteni

Giuseppe Molteni (Affori, Milan, 1800 – Milan, 1867) was an Italian painter.

## Biography

Forced to abandon his studies at the Brera Academy for financial reasons, Molteni took up the restoration of ancient paintings as a pupil of Giuseppe Guizzardi in Bologna. On his return to Milan, he soon became one of the most sought-after restorers of the day, a consultant to the Louvre and the British Museum as well as the leading collectors and connoisseurs in Milan and Europe as a whole. He also devoted his energies to painting.
In 1828 that he inaugurated a genre of portraiture characterised by the meticulous depiction of sumptuous costumes and settings, which proved an extraordinary success and brought him into direct competition with Francesco Hayez. The period spent at the court in Vienna in 1837 to paint the portrait of Emperor Ferdinand I led to an appreciation of Biedermeier painting and friendship with the painter Friedrich von Amerling, and the style of Johann Friedrich Overbeck. A switch to genre painting came in 1837 with scenes of contemporary everyday life that proved an immediate success with the public and critics. Molteni’s regular participation in the Brera exhibitions slackened in the 1850s and ceased when he was appointed curator of the Academy’s gallery in 1854 and stopped painting altogether.

## Gallery

* La signora di Monza
* Alessandro Manzoni
* Giovanni Migliara
* Mother Mourning the Death of her Child
# Lin Ming-chang

Lin Ming-chang (Chinese: 林明璋; pinyin: Lín Míngzhāng; born 24 October 1936) is a Taiwanese chemist.

## Life and career

Born in Zhaomen, Xinpu, Hsinchu, on 24 October 1936, Lin Ming-chang attended Hsinchu Senior High School and graduated from National Taiwan Normal University before pursuing graduate study under Keith J. Laidler at the University of Ottawa. After completing his postdoctoral research in Ottawa, Lin joined Simon H. Bauer at Cornell University in 1967. Lin moved to the United States Naval Research Laboratory in 1970.
While working at the NRL, Lin received a Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award in 1979, followed by a Guggenheim fellowship and Alexander von Humboldt Award in 1982. From 1981, Lin concurrently held an adjunct professorship at the Catholic University of America. in 1988, he became Robert W. Woodruff Professor of Chemistry at Emory University. In 2000, he became a member of Academia Sinica.
Lin was named TSMC Distinguished Professor at National Chiao Tung University in 2005, where he had served as director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science since 2002. In 2009, Lin was named a foreign fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Lin retired from NCTU in 2011, and was granted distinguished professor emeritus status.
Lin supported Tsai Ing-wen's 2012 presidential campaign. Lin backed efforts to end nuclear power production in Taiwan, submitting a petition advising people to vote against question ten of the 2018 Taiwanese referendum.