OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Drip chamber

A drip chamber, also known as drip bulb, is a device used to allow gas (such as air) to rise out from a fluid so that it is not passed downstream. It is commonly employed in delivery systems of intravenous therapy and acts to prevent air embolism.
The use of a drip chamber also allows an estimate of the rate at which fluid is administered. For a fluid of a given viscosity, drips from a hole of known size will be of nearly identical volume, and the number of drips in a minute can be counted to gauge the rate of flow. In this instance the rate of flow is usually controlled by a clamp on the infusion tubing; this affects the resistance to flow. However, other sources of resistance (such as whether the vein is kinked or compressed by the patient's position) cannot be so directly controlled and a change in position may change the rate of flow leading to inadvertently rapid or slow infusion. Where this might be problematic an infusion pump can be used which gives a more accurate measurement of flow rate.
Drip chambers can be classified into macro-drip (about 10 to 20 gtts/ml) and micro-drip (about 60 gtts/ml) based on their drop factors. For a given drip chamber (when the fluid drips from the hole into the chamber) drop factor means number of drops per ml of the IV fluid. Flow rate can be calculated with the help of the observations from the drip chamber and its drop factor. The unit of flow rate is gtts/min, where gtts means guttae (Latin plural noun meaning “drops”).
# Carla Walschap

Carla Walschap (born 20 December 1932) is a Belgian writer and a teacher. She is a daughter of the writer Gerard Walschap.

## Selected works

* Niet schreien, ouwe (1956)
* Het denneboompje dat niet tevreden was (1957)
* Hart om hart (1958)
* Rozen van Jericho (1963)
* De eskimo en de roos (1964)
* Meer suers dan soets (1977)
# Carl Gustafsson

Carl Gustafsson may refer to:
* Carl Gustafsson (hockey) (born 1989), Swedish hockey player
* Carl Gustafsson (footballer) (born 2000), Swedish footballer
# Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle

Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle can refer to:
* Carl Gustaf 20 mm recoilless rifle
* Carl Gustaf 84 mm recoilless rifle
# The Chinatown Mystery

The Chinatown Mystery is a 1915 short silent mystery film directed by Reginald Barker and featuring Howard C. Hickman, Leona Hutton, Sessue Hayakawa and Tsuru Aoki in important roles.
# Carinodrillia dichroa

Carinodrillia dichroa, common name the two-toned turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae.

## Description

The shell has a spiral structure, with a commonly off-white colouration above the periphery on the upper half of the whorl, and dark brown below it. It has a narrow brown band above the suture with a moderately developed spiral sculpture in comparison with other species of the genus Carinodrillia. The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 26 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs from the Sea of Cortez, West Mexico to Ecuador, at a depth of 10 to 40 m. It is found on gravel bottoms near rock.
# Koppio

Koppio is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Eyre Peninsula about 256 kilometres (159 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Port Lincoln, and within the Tod River catchment area, Southern Australia While long-established agricultural activities dominate (including sheep, cattle and buffalo grazing and wheat cropping) the region is also prospective for graphite and iron ore. The Koppio Smithy Museum is a local tourist attraction replete with buildings and artifacts representing the early pioneer heritage of Eyre Peninsula.

## Mining and mineral exploration

Companies actively exploring the area early in the 21st century included Eyre Iron Pty Ltd (a joint venture of Centrex Metals) and Lincoln Minerals. Eyre Iron's proposed Fusion Magnetite Project was the most advanced prospective mine development project in the area. Graphite was first mined in the area in 1866. The Koppio Graphite Mine originally operated in the early 1900s and was revisited between 1941 and 1944.

## Koppio Smithy Museum

The Koppio Smithy Museum is a 1.0 hectare (2.5 acres) property managed by the National Trust of South Australia which features a collection of early colonial buildings and heritage artifacts collected from across Eyre Peninsula. The entrance is via the old Smithy's cottage, constructed by Tom Brennand after he migrated to the region from Lochiel in 1903. One of the museum's oddities is a replica World War I tank, which was abandoned in the sand dunes of Coffin Bay after its use in the feature film The Lighthorsemen. As of 2014, the museum is open to the public from 10 am until 5 pm Tuesday through Sunday and entry is $10 for adults and $4 for concessions.

### Exhibits

The museum includes the following exhibits:
* Blacksmith shop and two-bedroom cottage (restored)
* 'Glenleigh' thatch cottage (1890)
* Koppio one-teacher schoolhouse (1934 to 1970)
* A unique collection of very early Aboriginal artefacts
* Port Lincoln tailor shop (1910)
* Bank of Adelaide building
* White Flat Post Office (reportedly the smallest Post Office in South Australia),
* Heritage Hall (Jericho family collection)
* Display sheds featuring: tractors & farm machinery, stationary engines, shearing, grain story, hay story, vehicles
* Print Room

## Koppio Cemetery

The Koppio Cemetery contains 36 plots, with the earliest grave dating from 1866.

## Governance

Koppio is located within the federal Division of Grey, the state electoral district of Flinders and the local government area of the District Council of Tumby Bay.
# Koppiyam

Koppiyam is an Indian Tamil-language anthology and crime show that premiered on 2 October 2012 on Raj TV which shows the claims of paranormal happenings around Tamil Nadu. As of 2021, it is still on-air. It airs through weekday nights. The show has exceeded 2200 episodes and it ended on 28 March 2021.
# Koichi Hirakida

Koichi Hirakida (開田 幸一, Hirakida Kōichi) (7 May 1938 – 23 September 1993) was a Japanese butterfly swimmer and Olympic medalist. He participated at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, winning a bronze medal in 4 x 100 metre medley relay.
# Doğandere, Refahiye

Doğandere, formerly Esirgah, is a village in the Refahiye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 32 in 2022.
# Alexander F.C.

Alexander Football Club is a former Irish football club from Limavady, County Londonderry.

## History

It was founded in 1880 by members of the Alexander Cricket Club, and was the first club to play in the town. Its earliest demonstration of the game to the public was between XIs chosen by the captain and secretary.
It was a founding member of the Irish Football Association, contributing to the purchase of the original Irish Cup. The club played in the early years of the Irish Cup, its best run being to the semi-final in 1882–83, where the club was heavily beaten by Cliftonville. Alexander was not helped by goalkeeper Rankin being injured trying to keep out the first goal after "some of his opponents leaped on him".
After a contentious defeat to Moyola Park in the quarter-final of the 1883–84 Irish Cup, the club withdrew in protest from the association. The withdrawal did not have any long-term effect, as, after the end of the season, Alexander merged with the Limavady Wanderers club to form Limavady F.C.

## Colours

The club wore blue and white.

## Ground

The club played at Scroggy Park, later used by the merged club.

## Notable players

Goalkeeper James Rankin earned an international cap while at the club. Two others - Orr Devine and Tom McLean - did so after the merger with the Wanderers.
# Carl Wilhelm Borchardt

Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (22 February 1817 – 27 June 1880) was a German mathematician.
Borchardt was born to a Jewish family in Berlin. His father, Moritz, was a respected merchant, and his mother was Emma Heilborn. Borchardt studied under a number of tutors, including Julius Plücker and Jakob Steiner. He studied at the University of Berlin under Lejeune Dirichlet in 1836 and at the University of Königsberg in 1839. In 1848 he began teaching at the University of Berlin.
He did research in the area of the arithmetic-geometric mean, continuing work by Gauss and Lagrange. He generalised the results of Kummer on diagonalising symmetric matrices, using determinants and Sturm functions. He was also an editor of Crelle's Journal from 1856 to 1880, during which time it was known as Borchardt's Journal.
He died in Rüdersdorf, Germany. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof III der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. III of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.
# Carl Wilhelm Bøckmann Barth

Carl Wilhelm Bøckmann Barth (9 November 1847 – 12 January 1919) was a Norwegian military officer and painter who specialized in marine art.
Carl Wilhelm Bøckmann Barth was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of circuit judge Daniel Nikolaj Barth (1810–1880) and his wife Marie Cathrine Koefoed (1815–1853). Barth served in the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1863 until 1884; retiring as a first lieutenant.
Barth studied painting under Hans Gude at the Karlsruhe in Berlin from 1881 to 1883. He spent part of 1889 and 1890 in London, partly on study trips along the English coast, especially at Dover. He later traveled to Paris and Brittany in 1896 and 1897. He was in Italy and Tunisia from 1902 to 1903. In addition, he made numerous study trips along the Norwegian coast as well as to Skagen.
Barth served as the director of the Christiania Art Society from 1889 to 1895 and again from 1898 to 1902. He served as the society's chairman from 1898 to 1901. He was a member of the National Gallery in Oslo and chairman of the Artist Association from 1891 to 1898. He is represented by three works in the National Gallery of Norway; Losbåt i høy sjø (1882), Strand ved Dover (1889), and Marine (1885).

## Awards

* Honorable Mention at Paris Exposition – 1889
* Order of St. Olav – 1895

## Gallery

* I Skip I Rom Sjø (undated)
* I Havbrynet – Solgangsveir (undated)
* Seilskuter og glitrende sjø (1893)
* Strand ved Ogne, Jæderen (before 1919)
# Alexander Malcolm Nicholson

Alexander Malcolm "Sandy" Nicholson (November 25, 1900 – October 12, 1991) was a Canadian clergyman, farmer and politician.
He was born in Lucknow, Ontario, the son of Alexander Nicholson and Isabelle MacDonald, and was educated in Lucknow and at the University of Saskatchewan. In 1928, Nicholson married Marian Leila Massey.
Nicholson served as a United Church of Canada minister at Hudson Bay Junction, Saskatchewan and had a farm in Sturgis, Saskatchewan. He became an organizer for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1935, became the national treasurer of the party in 1942 and from 1944 to 1950 and served as a CCF Member of Parliament from 1940 to 1949 and again from 1953 until his defeat in 1958. He then served as a CCF-NDP member of the Saskatchewan legislature in the 1960s. From 1960 until 1964 he was the province's Minister of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation. He continued as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) until his defeat in the 1967 provincial election.

## Archives

There are Alexander Malcolm Nicholson fonds at Library and Archives Canada (Archival reference number R4793), the Archives of Ontario and United Church of Canada Archives.
# Alembon

Alembon (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

## Geography

A farming village located 11 miles (17 km) south of Calais, on the D191 road.

## Sights

* The church, dating from the fifteenth century.
# Koreozospeum

Koreozospeum is a genus of small air-breathing land snails (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiinae). It contains a single species, Koreozospeum nodongense.

## Etymology

The name of Koreozospeum derives from Korea, where this genus was first found. The second part of the name refers to its similarity to the European subterranean carychiid genus Zospeum.

## Description

Koreozospeum has a thin, squat ovate-conic shell, which shows fine spiral rows of interconnected pits constant throughout the teleoconch. The peristome has an oblique, ear-shaped (auriform) form. The shell shows a conspicuously pleated lip folded back onto the body whorl. Koreozospeum has an interrupted lamellar ridge on the next to last whorl, which then develops a uniformly shaped annular lamella.

## Distribution and habitat

This species is only known from the type locality, Nodong cave in Danyang County in the North Chungcheong Province in South Korea, where the shells were collected in 2000 at an altitude of ca. 271 m. Individuals occur on moist muddy walls in the cave.

## Conservation

The caves in Danyang County are majorly threatened due to large cement factories located in the region. In addition, the caves of Nodong, Gosu and Cheondong are popular tourist attractions. The frequent human traffic is an immediate threat for the species. Currently, Koreozospeum nodongense is known to inhabit only one locality and this area is declining due to human encroachment.
# Cyphellostereum jamesianum

Cyphellostereum jamesianum is a species of basidiolichen belonging to the family Cyphellaceae that was described as new to science in 2019. It has been found in South Carolina and in Florida on a Taxodium wetland fragment at Florida Gulf Coast University. The species was named for James D. Lawrey.
# Endara

Endara is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Guillermo Endara (1936–2009), Panamanian politician
* Guido J. Martinelli Endara (fl. 1981), Panamanian businessman
* Iván Endara (b. 1988), Ecuadorian tennis player
# Bermudian Landing

Bermudian Landing is a village in the nation of Belize, located near Scotland Halfmoon in Belize District. The name comes from the Bermuda grass planted by the early loggers to feed their oxen, who were used to drag the mahogany to the landing.

## Demographics

At the time of the 2010 Census, Bermudian Landing had a population of 183. Of these, 79.2% were Creole, 6.6% Asian, 6.0% Mixed, 2.2% Ketchi Maya, 1.6% Caucasian, 1.1% Mestizo, 0.5% East Indian, 0.5% Garifuna, 0.5% Hindu and 0.5% others.
# Five Forks, Gwinnett County, Georgia

Five Forks is an unincorporated community in Gwinnett County in the U.S. state of Georgia near the intersections of River Road, Five Forks Trickum, Oak Road and Dogwood Road. It is a former mail-stop served from the mid-1800s to early 1900s by the Yellow River Post Office and still appears on maps as a small unincorporated community between Snellville and Lawrenceville. It is connected to another nearby mail-stop called Trickum by the unusually named Five Forks Trickum Road. Currently, the center of Five Forks is home to some restaurants and shopping centers, as well as relatively new Ronald Reagan Park across the street from the Five Forks Library branch.

## Education

Five Forks is home to Five Forks Middle School and Gwin Oaks Elementary School feeding into Brookwood High School. All of these schools are operated by Gwinnett County Public Schools.
Gwinnett County Public Library operates the Five Forks Branch.
# Eruwa language

Ẹrụwa is an Edoid language of Nigeria.

## Phonology

The Ẹrụwa vowel system is hardly reduced from that reconstructed for proto-Edoid. There are nine vowels in two harmonic sets, /i e a o u/ and /ɪ ɛ a ɔ ʊ/.
The language arguably has no phonemic nasal stops; [m, n] alternate with [b, l], depending on whether the following vowel is oral or nasal. The approximants /ʋ, ɹ, j, w/ also have nasal allophones. The inventory is:
| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | Glottal |
| Plosive | p b [m] | t d | | k ɡ | k͡p ɡ͡b | |
| Fricative | f v | s z | | x ɣ | | h |
| Approximant | | l [n] | | | | |
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | j | | w | |
# Edward Browne (priest)

Edward Browne (1699–1777) was an Anglican priest in Ireland.
Browne was born in County Cork and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Browne was ordained in 1749 and held incumbencies at Macloneigh and Ardnegihy. He was Vicar choral of Cork from 1749 to 1750; and Archdeacon of Ross from 1749 until his death. He was Precentor of Cork from 1750 to 1752; and Prebendary of Killaspugmullane in Cork Cathedral from 1752 until his death.
# Azy (orangutan)

Azy (pronounced AY-zee), is a male hybrid orangutan. He was born on December 14, 1977, at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. He was transferred to the Albuquerque Zoo in 1978, and returned to the National Zoo in 1980.
In 1995, Azy began living at the Think Tank building and participating in the Zoo's Orangutan Language Project with Rob Shumaker. On September 28, 2004, Azy was moved to the Great Ape Trust of Iowa.
In 2010, he was moved to the Indianapolis Zoo where he resides with five other orangutans from the Great Ape Trust, where Shumaker serves as President of Indianapolis Zoo.
# Burghes

Burghes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Arthur Burghes (1848–1916), English cricketer
* Charlotte Burghes, later known as Charlotte Haldane (1894–1969), British author
# Unkana (planthopper)

Unkana (Matsumura, 1935) is an invalid name for a genus of planthoppers in the family Delphacidae. The genus name Unkana was previously coined for a genus of skipper butterflies, so Matsumura's name is permanently unavailable and invalid under the rules of the ICZN.

## Species

Unkana contains the following species.
* U. arisana (Matsumura, 1935)
* U. heitonis (Matsumura, 1935)
* U. malayana (Matsumura, 1935)
* U. nigrifacies (Matsumura, 1935)
** U. n. hyalipennis (Matsumura, 1935)
* U. sakaguchii (Matsumura, 1935)
* U. taiwanella (Matsumura, 1935)
# Fletch

Fletch may refer to:
* Fletch (archery), the individual materials, such as feathers, that provide aerodynamic stabilization in arrows or darts
* Adrian "Fletch" Fletcher, a fictional character in British medical dramas Casualty and Holby City
* Andy Fletcher (musician), nicknamed "Fletch", a member of the band Depeche Mode
* Fletch (novel), the first book in a series of books by Gregory Mcdonald featuring the character Irwin Maurice Fletcher
** Fletch (film), a 1985 comedy starring Chevy Chase, based on the novel
* Fletch (Hollyoaks), a fictional character from British soap opera Hollyoaks
* Norman Stanley Fletcher, nicknamed "Fletch", the lead character in the British sitcom Porridge
* Fletch & Vaughan, the weekday drive show of New Zealand's The Edge radio station with co-host Carl "Fletch" Fletcher
* A nickname given to a person whose surname is Fletcher
# Fleta Jan Brown Spencer

Fleta Jan Brown Spencer (March 8, 1882 – September 2, 1938) was an American songwriter, composer, pianist, and singer.

## Early life

Fleta Jan Brown was born near Sioux Rapids, Iowa, the daughter of William Edward Brown and Jennie Etta Watkins Brown. Her father was a barber. She trained as a pianist and composer at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music.

## Career

Brown moved to St. Louis, Missouri, after her studies in Cincinnati, and published her first three songs in 1905. After she married fellow songwriter Herbert Spencer, the pair moved to New York, and there were prolific songwriters, sharing credit on dozens of songs published by M. Witmark & Sons, and by Jerome H. Remick. They also performed together at times, both as singers and pianists, in concerts and on the vaudeville stage.
Songs with music, lyrics, or both by Brown included "Tangle Foot Rag" (1907), "Fancies" (1908), "I Wish I was in Heaven Sittin' Down" (1908), "The Party That Wrote 'Home Sweet Home' Never Was a Married Man" (1908, later covered by Jerry Garcia), "O Wondrous Night in June" (1909), "I Know a Blossom" (1909), "In the Dusk" (1909), "The Birth of Love" (1909), "Tickle Toes" (1910), "Back to the Old Folks At Home" (1913), "Kiss Me Again (I Like it)" (1914), "In the Candle-Light" (1914), "When All The World's at Peace" (1914), "Dandelion" (1915), "Underneath the Stars" (1916), "Somewhere my Love Lies Dreaming" (1916), "Now that the Fighting is Over" (1918), "Kiss Me With Your Eyes" (1923), "Rose of Old Castille" (1924) "I Know a Blossom" (1936), "In a Gipsy Camp" (1936), "Vagabond's Bridal March" (1936), and "The Vagabond's Dream" (1936).

## Personal life

Fleta Jan Brown married fellow composer and songwriter Herbert D. Spencer in 1907. She died in 1938, aged 56 years, at a hospital in Hackensack, New Jersey.
# Fletazepam

Fletazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has sedative and anxiolytic effects similar to those produced by other benzodiazepine derivatives, but is mainly notable for its strong muscle relaxant properties.
Fletazepam is most closely related to other N-trifluoroethyl substituted benzodiazepines such as halazepam and quazepam.
# Florence Smithburn

Florence Bartley Smithburn (October 16, 1904 – January 31, 1989) was an American painter and printmaker.
Born in New Augusta, Indiana, a community which has since been incorporated into Indianapolis, Florence Bartley graduated from the local high school in 1922. From then until 1926 she attended the John Herron Art Institute; she also had lessons at the Grand Central School of Art and the Art Students League of New York. Her instructors included William Forsyth, Paul Hadley, George Pearse Ennis, Richard Lahey, and Harry Sternberg. She showed work at the Hoosier Salon in 1929 and 1930 and at the Indiana State Fair from 1929 until 1934, winning prizes from both entities; she continued exhibiting for the rest of her career, showing mainly watercolors and drawings. On June 17, 1927, she married physician Kenneth C. Smithburn, moving with him to New York City in 1930. In May 1937, she had a one-person show of her paintings at the Argent Galleries. She eventually accompanied him to Africa, after a stint visiting the galleries of England, France, and Italy. In 1938 the couple settled in Entebbe, where for ten years she painted scenes of local native life while her husband researched yellow fever for the Rockefeller Research Institute. She contributed her artistic skills to the work of the Yellow Fever Research Institute (currently the Uganda Virus Research Institute) by creating maps to illustrate their scientific publications. Smithburn rarely sold her paintings due to financial security; her husband died in 1974, and she died in Indianapolis in 1989.
Stylistically, Smithburn has been characterized as a Regionalist painter. One of her lithographs, Untitled (Gust of Air From Subway Grate) of c. 1935, is owned by the National Gallery of Art, and the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University. She is also represented in the collections of the Indianapolis Museum of Art and the Georgia Museum of Art. She was a member of the Hoosier Salon, the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors (NAWPS), and the Indiana Artists Association.
# La Haie

La Haie may refer to:
* La Haie, Lasne, an alternative spelling of La Haye, Lasne in Belgium; a farmhouse on the left flank of Wellington's position at the Battle of Waterloo
* La Haie-Fouassière (also spelled: La Haye-Fouassière) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France
* La Haie-Traversaine, a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France
* Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Haie, a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France
# La Iglesia de El Sagrario

La Iglesia de El Sagrario, or La Iglesia del Sagrario (Spanish, “Church of the Sanctuary” or “Church of the Shrine”) may refer to:
* Iglesia del Sagrario (Lima), Peru, a chapel attached to Lima's Cathedral
* Iglesia de El Sagrario, Quito, Ecuador, a chapel attached to the Quito Cathedral
* Iglesia del Sagrario in Cuenca or Old Cathedral of Cuenca, a museum in Cuenca, Ecuador
* Iglesia del Sagrario, Jaén, Spain, a chapel attached to the Jaén Cathedral
* Iglesia del Sagrario, in Málaga, Spain
* Catedral e Iglesia del Sagrario, Granada, Spain