OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lecture Demonstration

"Lecture Demonstration" is a science fiction short story by American writer Hal Clement. It was first published in Astounding: The John W Campbell Memorial Anthology in 1973. The story is set on the planet Mesklin as used in the author's novel Mission of Gravity, but in an earlier period when the college established by the Terrestrials is still being set up and the teachers as well as the students are still learning.

## Plot summary

Dr LaVerne, a teacher with the college, takes a party of Mesklinite students on a geological expedition. Whilst examining a layer of rock, it collapses. LaVerne and the students fall into a cavern. They are unable to climb out; the limiting factor is time, as the teacher is enclosed in a suit with a finite oxygen supply.
The students and teacher discuss various possibilities until they realise that they can raise the melting point of the surrounding ammonia 'snow' to the point where it solidifies. They climb out to safety.
* This article about a science fiction short story (or stories) published in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Let It Rain (Shirley Myers song)

"Let It Rain" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Shirley Myers. It was released in 1997 as the first single from her debut album, Let It Rain. It peaked at number 3 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in August 1997.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1997) | Peak position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 3 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1997) | Position |
| Canada Country Tracks (RPM) | 29 |
# Kedek, Kemah

Kedek is a village in the Kemah District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şadiyan tribe and had a population of 36 in 2022.
The hamlet of Gavuryurdu is attached to the village.
# Vladimir Vinogradov (diplomat)

Vladimir Mikhailovich Vinogradov (2 August 1921 – 21 June 1997) was a prominent Soviet diplomat in the second half of the 20th century.

## Early life

Vinogradov was born in 1921 in Vinnytsia, Ukraine. In 1945, he earned a degree in engineering and technology in Moscow; three years later, he graduated from the All-Union Academy of Foreign Trade. After finishing his studies, he was appointed assistant to the commercial representative of the Soviet Union in London. Vinogradov returned to Moscow four years later to work in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Trade. He served as the Deputy Chief of the Department of Commerce for the next ten years, dealing mostly with western countries.

## Diplomatic career

From 1962 to 1966, Vinogradov was the ambassador of the USSR in Japan; he served as Ambassador to Egypt from 1970 to 1974. At the beginning of 1975, Vinogradov acted as the initiator of a rapprochement between the USSR and Jordan.
From February 1977 to April 1982, Vinogradov was the ambassador of the USSR in Iran. After this assignment, Vinogradov was appointed to the post of Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (one of the republics of the USSR). He held this post for eight years (until 11 October 1990, being replaced by Andrei Kozyrev), continuing to actively participate in the implementation of Soviet policy in the Middle East. Vinogradov retired from his diplomatic career in 1990.

## Retirement

After retiring, Vinogradov maintained a high level of interest in the Middle East. In 1992, he headed the Russian Committee of Public Organizations on Assistance to the Arab-Israeli settlement. Through this structure, many informal contacts of Moscow with political figures of the countries of the Middle East were carried out in the 1990s. Vinogradov participated in them very actively, from time to time advising diplomats of the official position of post-Soviet Russia on various regional questions.
# Alabama State Route 98

There is no current State Route 98 in the U.S. state of Alabama.
* See U.S. Route 98 in Alabama for the current route numbered 98
* See Alabama State Route 98 (pre-1957) for the former SR 98
# Lars Koch

Lars Koch is a Danish sprint and marathon canoeist who competed in the mid to late 1980s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-2 10000 m: 1987) and a bronze (K-4 10000 m: 1985).
# MT-TT

Mitochondrially encoded tRNA threonine also known as MT-TT is a transfer RNA which in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-TT gene.

## Structure

The MT-TT gene is located on the p arm of the non-nuclear mitochondrial DNA at position 12 and it spans 66 base pairs. The structure of a tRNA molecule is a distinctive folded structure which contains three hairpin loops and resembles a three-leafed clover.

## Function

MT-TT is a small 66 nucleotide RNA (human mitochondrial map position 15888-15953) that transfers the amino acid threonine to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome site of protein synthesis during translation.

## Clinical significance
### Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF)

Mutations in MT-TT have been associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF), and cause mitochondrial energy deficiencies and reduced proliferation leading to oxidative phosphorylation. Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) is a rare mitochondrial disorder that affects many parts of the body, particularly the muscles and nervous system. In most cases, the signs and symptoms of this disorder appear during childhood or adolescence. The features of MERRF vary widely among affected individuals, even among members of the same family. Common clinical manifestations include myoclonus, myopathy, spasticity, epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy, dementia, ataxia, atrophy and more. In addition, mutations have also been linked to lethal infantile mitochondrial myopathy, Parkinson's disease associated with a 15950G>A mutation, and a 15923A>G mutation found to result in an unconfirmed heart disease.

### Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency

MT-TT mutations result in complex IV deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, also known as the cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency is a rare genetic condition that can affect multiple parts of the body, including skeletal muscles, the heart, the brain, or the liver. Common clinical manifestations include myopathy, hypotonia, and encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A 15915G>A mutation was found in a patient with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with accompany symptoms of seizures, progressive hearing loss and muscle weakness.
# Craig Thompson (soccer)

Craig Thompson (born January 24, 1986, in Littleton, Colorado) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Real Colorado Foxes in the USL Premier Development League.

## Career
### College

Thompson attended Highlands Ranch High School, and played four years of college soccer at the Colorado School of Mines.

### Professional

He was drafted in the second round with the 28th overall selection of the 2008 MLS Supplemental Draft by Houston Dynamo, but was waived by Dynamo before playing a senior game, and was eventually picked up by D.C. United on June 30. He made his full professional debut on July 1, 2008, as a second-half substitute in a 2008 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup third-round game against Rochester Rhinos. He subsequently played in the 2008 North American SuperLiga, starting his team's first two games against Chivas Guadalajara and Atlante F.C., and made six MLS appearances before being waived at the end of the 2008 season.
Having been unable to secure a professional contract elsewhere, Thompson signed with the Real Colorado Foxes of the USL Premier Development League in 2009.

## Honors
### D.C. United

* Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup (1): 2008
# The Gardens of Murcia (1923 film)

The Gardens of Murcia (French: Aux jardins de Murcie) is a 1923 French silent film directed by René Hervil and Louis Mercanton and starring Arlette Marchal, Pierre Daltour and Pierre Blanchar. It was remade in 1936.

## Cast

* Arlette Marchal as Maria del Carmen
* Pierre Daltour as Pancho
* Pierre Blanchar as Xavier
* Max Maxudian as Domingo
* Ginette Maddie as Fuensantieu
* Pâquerette as Conception
* Louis Monfils as Ardon
* Jeanne Bérangère as Vieille femme
* Francis Simonin
# Chionodes consona

Chionodes consona is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It is found in Peru.
The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are dark purplish-fuscous with a thick white streak along the dorsum from the base to three-fourths, irregularly terminated and uniting with a roundish white spot in the disc beyond the middle of the wing. There is also a roundish white spot on the costa at three-fourths. The hindwings are grey.
# Differential tuition

Differential tuition or tiered tuition is an amount charged on top of base tuition to support additional services and programming for students at a particular academic institution. Researchers found 60 percent of public research universities were charging students different prices based primarily on their major and their year in college, with those differences increasing tuition by up to 40 percent.

## Degree programs

Differential tuition may be charged to students according to the specific courses they take, or only to students enrolled in certain programs. Program-specific differential tuitions are usually charged for programs that have high operating costs such as the health sciences and engineering, or high student demand such as business. Some states like Kentucky and Florida have proposed applying differential tuition to arts and humanities degree programs perceived as having less value in the workforce.

## Student standing

Differential tuition can be charged to all students enrolled at a particular institution, or to a particular category of students such as all undergraduates. Educational institutions may have exemptions for freshman students or for the earliest credit hours completed toward a degree program up to a specified number, such as the 60 hours often used to differentiate upperclassmen.

## Sources

* 1 2 3 O'Shaughnessy, Lynn. "The Hidden College Cost of Differential Tuition". appily. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
* 1 2 3 "Differential Tuition". University of Wisconsin System. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
* 1 2 "Differential Tuition". Colorado State University. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
* ↑ "Differential Tuition FAQs". University of Maryland. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
# Vladimir Vićentijević

Vladimir Vićentijević (born 13 July 1974) is a retired Serbian shot putter who represented Yugoslavia.

## Biography

He finished fourteenth at the 1992 World Junior Championships and competed at the 1996 European Indoor Championships without reaching the final. He became Yugoslav shot put champion in 1995, breaking a long winning streak for Dragan Perić.
# G. californianus

G. californianus may refer to:
* The california condor (Gymnogyps californianus), a New World vulture
* The greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus), a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family
# František Maxián

František Maxián (9 November 1907 – 18 January 1971) was a Czech pianist and music educator.
(Another pianist of the same name was born in 1950. He graduated from the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague in 1975 as a pupil of Valentina Kamenikova, and in 1978 took part in the Young Performers' Cycle of the Prague Spring Festival.)

## Life and performing career

František Maxián was born in Teplice. He studied at the local Conservatory as a student of Roman Vesely, then continued his studies at the Prague Conservatory with Vilém Kurz. After graduating, he worked as a pianist in Czech Radio. Later he returned to piano studies, and his solo performances began to attract attention. He began to perform internationally, and was elected Vice-Chairman of the Chopin Competition in Warsaw in 1949. Maxián performed a repertoire including both classical and contemporary composers. He died in 1971 and is buried not far from his teacher Vilém Kurz at Slavín, the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.

## Career as an educator

From 1927 to 1928, Maxián was active as a music school teacher in Dubrovnik, and in 1939 became a professor at the Prague Conservatory. In 1946 he became a professor at the Prague Academy of Performing Arts. Notable students include Jan Panenka, Peter Toperczer, Marian Lapšanský, Josef Hala, Antonin Kubalek, E. Glancová and Sláva Vorlová. See: List of music students by teacher: K to M#František Maxián.
# Stingray catamaran

The Stingray Catamaran sport catamaran is an Australian designed 5.5 m long beach catamaran with a twin trapeze setup.
It is sailed doublehanded with a jib and mainsail.

## Overview

Built out of plywood or a fiberglass/foam composition the Stingray has an 18 (5.5m) foot hull that weighs 88.5 kg, which is light for a boat of its size. The boat has both a mainsail and a jib totaling 225 square feet (20.9m2) of sail surface area. Due to its simplicity of design and efficient rig system even sailors with little experience can navigate it easily.
Originally designed in the 1960s, the Stingray platform was overhauled in the 1980s with a taller wing-shaped mast and greater sail area. There are now two types of stingrays; those of the original design, called Mk1; and those with the "Big Rig," referred to as Mk2 Stingrays. Very few of the original Mk1's are still in existence.
The stingray continues to be considered a fast boat although it could be seen as an older design. With its very large jib it is quite fast on a reach. Stingrays are well renowned racing boats, particularly in passage style races like the Goolwa-Milang in South Australia.

## Class development

The Stingray is still actively sailing in South Australia and Victoria. National titles continue to be held each summer.
Although outside class rules and unable to be used in class competition (i.e. National Titles) recent years have seen Asymmetric Spinnakers or 'Kites' added to the Stingray for increased downwind performance. Two of the Kite enabled Stingrays were set up in South Australia by members of the Victor Harbor Yacht Club. Despite speculation that the rig would not be able sustain the high loads inflicted by the Kite The Shadow (#582) now based in VIC is yet to have any serious malfunction, and the manufacturer of the "Superwing" mast feels the mast is strong enough.
# Craiova (Cerna)

The Craiova is a right tributary of the river Cerna in Romania. It flows into the Cerna downstream from Cerna-Sat. Its length is 16 km (9.9 mi) and its basin size is 38 km$^2$ (15 sq mi).
# Cazenovia Lake

Cazenovia Lake (/ˌkæzɪˈnoʊviə/) is located in Madison County, New York. It is located 20 miles (32 km) southeast of the city of Syracuse. The village of Cazenovia is located southeast of the lake.

## History

The lake resides in a valley created by sub-glacial runoff during the recession of North American continental glaciers at the end of the last glacial period.
Prior to European settlement of the area, Cazenovia Lake was known to the Oneida as Owagehaga or Owahgenah, and to the Onondaga as Hohwahgeneh, all of which mean "lake of the yellow perch". It was also previously known as "Canaseraga Lake".

## Description

Cazenovia Lake is roughly 3.9 miles (6.3 km) long and one-half mile (0.80 km) wide. It is 45 feet (14 m) at its deepest point. The lake's elevation is at 1,191 feet (363 m) above sea level. It is drained from its southeast corner by a canal to Chittenango Creek, which then flows north over Chittenango Falls and eventually into Oneida Lake's south shore in Bridgeport.
The lake contains largemouth and smallmouth bass, rock bass, chain pickerel, pumpkinseed, black crappie, bluegill, walleye, yellow perch, white sucker, and brown bullhead. The north end of the lake is swampy, making navigation with a motorboat difficult. The lake has been impacted by several invasive species, including Eurasian milfoil and zebra mussels.
Boating access for trailered boats is allowed by permit at Lakeside Park in the village of Cazenovia. An unofficial launch for canoes and kayaks is available at the undeveloped Helen L. McNitt State Park on the northeastern shore of the lake. Plans to improve the launch were announced in 2015.
# Emil Oberholzer

Emil Oberholzer (December 24, 1883 – May 4, 1958) was a Swiss-American psychiatrist. He was a born in Zweibrücken, Germany, and died in New York City.
Beginning in 1908, he received psychiatric training under Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) in Zurich, and afterwards was an assistant at the psychiatric clinic in Schaffhausen from 1911 to 1916. In 1919 he opened a private practice in Zurich, and in 1938 emigrated to New York City, where he practiced psychoanalysis.
Oberholzer was an early practitioner of Freudian psychoanalysis and dream analysis. Beginning in June 1913 he received personal analysis from Freud, and continued to be psychoanalyzed extensively in the Freudian manner over a period of several years. With his wife, Mira Gincburg (1887–1949) and Swiss pastor Oskar Pfister (1873–1956), he founded the Swiss Society for Psychoanalysis in 1919.
Oberholzer assisted Hermann Rorschach (1884–1922) in the development of shape interpretation tests, and later trained American psychiatrists who subsequently introduced the Rorschach test in the United States.
# Tjøme (disambiguation)

Tjøme may refer to:

## Places

* Tjøme, a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway
* Tjøme (village), a village in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway
* Tjøme (island), an island in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway
* Tjøme Church, a church in Færder Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway

## Other

* Tjøme Radio, a coast radio station in Vestfold county, Norway
# C&C 110

The C&C 110, originally called the 110 Express at introduction, is an American sailboat, that was designed by Tim Jackett and entered production in 1999.

## Production

The boat was built by C&C Yachts in the United States, starting in 1999, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The C&C 110 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a masthead sloop rig, an internally-mounted spade-type rudder and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 10,900 lb (4,944 kg) and carries 4,200 lb (1,905 kg) of lead ballast.
The first examples built were made with vinylester resin, but in 2002, this was changed to a post cure epoxy to reduce weight. The rudder section was also altered to give better control in higher winds.
The initial standard rig was made by Offshore Spars and was configured with triple spreaders and rod rigging. This was later changed a double spreader rig with wire rigging made by Seldén Mast AB of Sweden, but the Offshore Spars triple spreader rig remained optional. The standard rig was changed to a carbon fiber one in 2004.
A 5 ft (1.52 m) bowsprit was also a factory option.
The design had a choice of keels. When introduced in 1999 there was an option of a standard keel with a draft of 6.00 ft (1.83 m), a shoal draft keel with a draft of 4.83 ft (1.47 m) and a deep keel with a draft of 7.25 ft (2.21 m). In 2001 a newly designed "high performance keel" was introduced with a draft of 6.50 ft (1.98 m) and the deep draft keel was dropped as an option.
The boat was fitted with an inboard engine. Its fuel tank holds 26 U.S. gallons (98 L; 22 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 70 U.S. gallons (260 L; 58 imp gal).
The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 81 with a high of 93 and low of 75. It has a hull speed of 7.52 kn (13.93 km/h).
# Vladimir Villegas

Vladimir Villegas Poljak (born 11 December 1961) is a Venezuelan journalist and politician. He was President of Venezolana de Televisión from late 2003 to December 2004. He has written regularly for El Nacional and El Mundo, with a weekly column in El Nacional. He is a founder of the Avanzada Progresista party, having previously been a supporter of Patria Para Todos.

## Early life

Villegas is the son of Cruz Villegas, head union communist, confined to the Amazon jungle during the dictatorship of Marcos Pérez Jiménez, and former president of the United Workers of Venezuela (CUTV) and vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions. His mother, Maja Poljak was Jewish Communist social activist and photographer born in Zagreb, Croatia, formerly Yugoslavia.
He is the brother of the journalist and politician Ernesto Villegas, Minister of Communication and Information since October 2012.

## Education

While attending the Central University of Venezuela, Villegas was a leader of the Communist Party of Venezuela, and he began his journalistic career at the Party's Tribuna Popular. Later he became close to La Causa Radical and took a seat in the Chamber of Deputies.

## Political career

In the 1993 Venezuelan general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for La Causa Radical, representing the Venezuelan Federal District, and was re-elected in the 1998 elections.
He was a member of the 1999 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela which drew up the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. He was the Venezuelan Ambassador to Brazil in 2002, and Ambassador to Mexico from May to November 2005, until the Mexico and Venezuela diplomatic crisis saw him recalled to Caracas. From November 2003 to December 2004 he was the president of the state-run Venezolana de Televisión. In 2006 he was named deputy Foreign Minister for Asia, the Middle East and Oceania; he resigned in 2007 over disagreements regarding the 2007 constitutional referendum.
On 2 May 2013, Villegas was offered the position of being the director of Globovisión beside Leopoldo Castillo. Villegas ultimately declined the position citing "differences" with the newly created board of directors.
# Alan Grose

Vice Admiral Sir Alan Grose KBE (born 24 September 1937) is a former Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Plymouth.

## Naval career

Educated at Strode's School and the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Grose joined the Royal Navy in 1957. He became commanding officer of the frigate HMS Eskimo in 1974 and of the destroyer HMS Bristol in 1980 commanding the latter ship in the Falklands War. He commanded the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious from 1984 until 1986, when he was succeeded by Captain Peter Woodhead. He was appointed Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Operational Requirements) at the Ministry of Defence in 1986, Flag Officer Third Flotilla in 1988 and Flag Officer, Plymouth and Admiral Superintendent at Devonport in 1990 before retiring in 1992.
In retirement he became Head of Security for De Beers. He is also an Honorary Fellow of Liverpool John Moores University.

## Family

In 1961 he married Gillian Ann Dymond; they had two sons and one daughter.
# Frankolovo

Frankolovo (pronounced) is a settlement in the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the main road north of Vojnik towards Slovenske Konjice. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

The older name of the settlement was attested in written sources in 1403–04 as in der Lak (and as in Lokch in 1415–23 and zu Lakg in 1464). The name of the settlement was changed from Loka ob Tesnici to Frankolovo in 1955. The name Frankolovo was variously attested in 1763–87 as Frankole, Francole, and Franole. It is derived from Frank, the name of a district head mentioned in a 1718 rent-roll, and is probably of secondary derivation, ultimately based on a name such as *Frankova vas 'Frank's village'.

## History

On February 12, 1945, members of Wehrmacht killed one hundred Slovene civilians at an event called "the Frankolovo crime".

## Church

The parish church in the village is dedicated to Saint Joseph and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was built between 1787 and 1789 and refurbished in 1822.