OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm

The Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm (named after its creators Yoseph Linde, Andrés Buzo and Robert M. Gray, who designed it in 1980) is an iterative vector quantization algorithm to improve a small set of vectors (codebook) to represent a larger set of vectors (training set), such that it will be locally optimal. It combines Lloyd's Algorithm with a splitting technique in which larger codebooks are built from smaller codebooks by splitting each code vector in two. The core idea of the algorithm is that by splitting the codebook such that all code vectors from the previous codebook are present, the new codebook must be as good as the previous one or better.$^{:361–362}$

## Description

The Linde–Buzo–Gray algorithm may be implemented as follows:
# Enrique Camarena Robles

Enrique Camarena Robles (born 1957, in Mexico City) is a Mexican psychiatrist, doctor and President of the Asociación Ibero-Latinoamericana de Neurociencias y Psiquiatría (AILANCYP).

## Biography

Enrique Camarena Robles was born in Mexico City, Mexico, in 1957. He graduated in medicine in 1981 at the "Escuela Mexicana de Medicina" at the Universidad de “La Salle” in Mexico City, he finished the psychiatry specialty at the “Hospital Psiquiátrico Fray Bernardino Álvarez” of the "Secretaria de Salud" in 1986, and studied the master in child psychiatry at the "Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. Juan N. Navarro” of the same Secretaria. He studied the subspecialty in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy at the “Círculo de Psicoterapia Psicoanalítica de México” in 1991.
At institutional level, he has worked in the board of the some programs and departments in the Mexican Social Security Institute and the Secretaría de Salud (Health Ministry) of the Federal Government.
He is the co-organizer, jointly with Edgard Belfort, Lluis Sánchez-Planell and Julio Vallejo Ruiloba, of the Internacional Symposium on Controversias in Psychiatry (México venue), which is held annually in Mexico City, México. This symposium is twinned with the International Symposium on Current Issues and Controversies in Psychiatry which takes place annually in Barcelona, Spain, since 1993. Formerly he also has organized the 2010 congress of the Asociación Psiquiátrica de América Latina (APAL) in Puerto Vallarta, and the annual national congress of the Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana (APM) in Cancún in 2002.
He is the president of the Asociación Iberolatinoamericana de Neurociencias y Psiquiatría (AILANCYP) and former president of the Asociación Psiquiátrica de América Latina (APAL).
In the private professional side he has been managing for 15 years his own consultancy treating all psychiatric problems in children, adolescents and adult.
# Anselm Stolz

Anselm Stolz (November 25, 1900 – September 19, 1942) was a Benedictine monk, theologian, and professor.

## Biography

He entered Gerleve Abbey and made solemn profession on February 29, 1920. He attended the Pontifical Athenaeum of Saint Anselm beginning in 1921; he taught Systematic Theology there beginning in 1928. He spoke frequently at Catholic conferences such as the Hochschulwochen in Salzburg in 1937. He died in Rome in 1942, after contracting typhoid fever while caring for the sick.

## Reception

Several theologians have identified his work as an important example of rediscovered, "authentically Christian mysticism." When Sant' Anselmo celebrated its centennial anniversary, the Faculty of Theology held a symposium in honor of Stolz, who was described as "one of its most famous lecturers" in the published proceedings.

## Christian Ascetism

His first publication on ascetism appeared in 1936, but it was the 1943 book on Christian spirituality that had long-standing success. It has been translated into the three languages over the course of eighty years. His references were primarily Church Fathers and the Rule of St. Benedict, occasionally referencing Thomas Aquinas. His approach was unusual in an era which had not yet re-discovered patristic sources.

## Selected publications

* Glaubensgnade und Glaubenslicht nach Thomas von Aquin. Rom 1933, OCLC 6948545.
* Theologie der Mystik. Regensburg 1936, OCLC 759813891.
** Translated as The Doctrine of Spiritual Perfection, by Aidan Williams, 1938.
** Translated as La scala del paradiso. Teologia della mistica, Brescia 1979 (3rd edition).
* Anselm von Canterbury. Sein Leben, seine Bedeutung, seine Hauptwerke. München 1937, OCLC 256319534.
* L’ascesi cristiana. Brescia 1943, OCLC 1020136226.
** Translated as L'ascèse chrétienne. Éditions des Bénédictins d'Amay, Chevetogne 1948.
** Translated as Christian Asceticism. Arouca Press, 2021, ISBN 978-1-989905-71-5.

## Literature

* Entry (with photograph) in Regesta Ecclesiastica Salisburgensia.
* Elmar Salmann: Gnadenerfahrung im Gebet. Zur Theorie der Mystik bei Anselm Stolz und Alois Mager. 1979, OCLC 784054283.
* Elmar Salmann, ed.: La teologia mistico-sapienziale di Anselm Stolz. Rom 1988, OCLC 186184551.
* Fabio Angelo Bressan: Lo sfondo mistico della teologia. La lezione breve di Anselm Stolz Padua. Padua 2004, ISBN 88-250-1200-4.
* Pius Engelbert: Sant'Anselmo in Rome. College and University. From the Beginnings to the Present Day. Collegeville 2015, S. 146–154, ISBN 9780814637135.
# Environmental issues in Mali

Environmental issues in Mali include desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, drought, and inadequate supplies of potable water. Deforestation is an especially serious and growing problem. According to the Ministry of the Environment, Mali’s population consumes 6 million tons of wood per year for timber and fuel. To meet this demand, 4,000 square kilometers of tree cover are lost annually, virtually ensuring destruction of the country’s savanna woodlands.
One of Mali's major environmental issues is desertification. Mali has been in a drought for decades now and it is really affecting the country. Soil erosion, deforestation, and loss of pasture land are all major problems in Mali. Mali also has a shortening water supply.
To help sustain Mali's ever-growing problem the government has assigned 3.7 percent of Mali’s total land area protected. It has ratified international environmental agreements pertaining to biodiversity, climate change, desertification, endangered species, and ozone layer protection.
According to the U.N. FAO, 10.2% or about 12,490,000 ha of Mali is forested. Mali had 530,000 ha of planted forest. Change in forest cover: Between 1990 and 2010, Mali lost an average of 79,100 ha or 0.56% per year, totaling to a loss of 11.2%, or around 1,582,000 ha, during that period. Mali had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.16/10, ranking it 51st globally out of 172 countries.

## Climate change

Though Mali contributes very little to the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is among the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is increasing both the intensity and frequency of floods and droughts in the country as well as the likelihood of climate disasters. It is also likely to adversely affect food production and diseases, and increases social vulnerability among the country's residents.
# Théophile Gautier, fils

Théophile Charles Marie Gautier (29 November 1836 – 16 June 1904) was a French scholar, translator and administrator. He was the son of the writer Théophile Gautier and his mistress Eugénie Fort.
He became sous-préfet of Ambert (Puy-de-Dôme) in 1867 and of Pontoise in 1870, chef du bureau de la Presse at the ministry of the interior in 1868, then secrétaire particulier to the former minister of Napoléon III, Eugène Rouher.
He translated German authors and collaborated on his father's works in the Moniteur and the Journal officiel.

## Publications

* L'Administration provinciale de la Prusse (1870)
* Entre Biarritz et St-Sébastien, toros et espadas, notes de touriste (1884)
* La Baronne Véra. Virginie Peugheol. La Maison de poste (1885)

### Translations

* Achim von Arnim, Contes bizarres (1856)
* Rudolf Erich Raspe : Aventures du baron de Münchhausen (1857)
* Karl von Schönhals, Campagnes d'Italie de 1848 et 1849 (1859)
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : Wilhelm Meister (2 volumes, 1861)
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : Goetz de Berlichingen (1872)
# Chorizema aciculare

Chorizema aciculare, commonly known as needle-leaved chorizema, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with sharply-pointed leaves, the flower colour depending on subspecies.

## Description

Chorizema aciculare is an erect or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.15–1.0 m (5.9 in – 3 ft 3.4 in). The leaves are 8–28 mm (0.31–1.10 in) long with the edges rolled under, obscuring the lower surface in the case of subspecies aciculare. The flowers of subspecies aciculare are pink or orange, those of subsp. laxum usually pale yellow or orange.

## Taxonomy

Needle-leaved chorizema was first formally described in 1825 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle who gave it the name Podolobium aciculare in Annales des Sciences Naturelles. In 1930, Charles Gardner changed the name to Chorizema aciculare in his Enumeratio Plantarum Australiae Occidentalis. The specific epithet (aciculare) means "needle-pointed", referring to the leaves.
In 1992, Joan M. Taylor and Michael Crisp described two subspecies of C. aciculare in Australian Systematic Botany , and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
* Chorizema aciculare (DC.) C.A.Gardner subsp. aciculare;
* Chorizema aciculare subsp. laxum J.M.Taylor & Crisp.

## Distribution and habitat

Chorizema aciculare mostly grows in woodland or coastal kwongan on granite outcrops, undulating plains, ridges or on coastal dunes and is widespread from near Geraldton to Israelite Bay in the south-west of Western Australia.
# Chorizanthe stellulata

Chorizanthe stellulata is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family known by the common name starlet spineflower. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the dry woodlands of the low mountains and foothills along the central part of the state, such as the Sierra Nevada foothills. The plant takes an erect form, reaching up to 30 centimeters tall. The leaves are located at the base of the plant, and there is also a whorl of leaves at mid-stem. The inflorescence is a dense cluster of flowers, each flower surrounded by hairy, bristly white bracts tipped with hooked awns. The flower is 4 or 5 millimeters long and white to pink in color.
# Annet (given name)

The given name Annet is shared by:

## In arts and media

* Annet Artani (born 1976), Greek-American singer and songwriter
* Annet Mahendru (born 1985), American actress
* Annet Malherbe (born 1957), Dutch actress
* Annet Nandujja (born 1959), Ugandan musician and composer
* Annet Nieuwenhuyzen (1930–2016), Dutch actress
* Annet Schaap (born 1965), Dutch writer and illustrator

## In politics

* Anita Annet Among (born 1973), Ugandan politician
* Annet Katusiime Mugisha (born 1974), Ugandan politician
* Annet Nyakecho (born 1982), Ugandan politician and businesswoman

## In other fields

* Annet de Clermont-Gessant (1587–1660), Maltese prince and military leader
* Annet Morio de L'Isle (1779–1828), French and Dutch brigade commander
* Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa, Ugandan businesswoman
* Annet Olivia Nakimuli (born 1975), Ugandan physician
* Annet Negesa (born 1992), Ugandan runner
# Antennophorus

Antennophorus is a genus of mites in the family Antennophoridae. It was described by Haller in 1877.

## Species

* Antennophorus boveni (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1992)
* Antennophorus grandis Berlese, 1903 - is an ectoparasite to ants of the species Lasius flavus.
* Antennophorus goesswaldi (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1992)
* Antennophorus krantzi (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1992)
* Antennophorus pavani (Wisniewski & Hirschmann, 1992)
* Antennophorus uhlmanni (Haller, 1877)
# Leonard Darr

Leonard Darr (c. 1554–1615), a merchant by profession, was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in 1601. He was previously Mayor of Totnes from 1593–4. In 1602 He retired to South Pool and died there in March 1615.
# Anstiss

Anstiss is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Harry Anstiss (1899–1964), English footballer
* Jessica Anstiss (born 1996), Australian netball player
# Chollima (website)

Chollima (Korean: 천리마) was a North Korean website providing news and information about economic policies and foreign trade. The website contained North Korea's first online shop, believed to have opened on 31 December 2007, which had a broad range of product categories including machinery, building materials, automobiles, health foods, music and films. The website was a joint venture between North Korea and an anonymous Chinese company, and was hosted in Shenyang, China. It was named after the mythical horse Chollima.
# Thurs

Thurs may refer to:
* Thurs, an entity from Germanic mythology. See Jötunn.
* Thurisaz (rune) ᚦ
* An abbreviation for Thursday
* Thurs, a math-statistical function
# Anopinella albolinea

Anopinella albolinea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Costa Rica.
The length of the forewings is about 8 mm.
# Anopina volcana

Anopina volcana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Jalisco, Mexico.
# Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway

The Tianjin–Shanhaiguan railway or Jinshan railway is a railway line in China between Tianjin and Shanhaiguan. The line is 303 km long and starts serves Tianjin, Tanggu, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan railway stations. The railway was originally part of the Beijing–Harbin railway but was renamed when the Beijing–Harbin railway was merged with the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway.
# Engen refinery

The Engen refinery is a crude oil refinery in Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. It is owned by Engen Petroleum and operated from 1954 until a fire in 2020.

## Description

The Engen refinery is a crude oil refinery in Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa operated by Engen Petroleum. It produced 120,000 barrels per day and while operational, was the second largest crude oil refinery in Durban, supplying about 17% of the nation's fuel.
The refinery is located in the centre of a residential area. The area around the refineries is colloquially known as "cancer valley" due to the provenience of cancers in the population. Leukaemia rates are 24 times greater than the national average. A 2002 study of the Settlers Primary School next to the refinery found hat 52% of the pupils suffered from asthma.

## History

The refinery has been in operation since 1954, making it the oldest refinery in South Africa.
After Engen used the 1993 Regulation of Gatherings Act to ban protests outside the refinery, rights group the Right2Know Campaign took action in the High Court to prohibit such bans.
On 4 December 2020, an explosion at the refinery injured seven people. By April 2021, the refinery had remained closed since the blast. In 2021, Engen announced plans to convert the refinery into a storage facility. In March 2023, those plans were restated.
# Engen station

Engen station is a railway station in the municipality of Engen, located in the Konstanz district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
# Anstice

Anstice may refer to:

## Surname

* David Anstice, Australian pharmaceutical executive and philanthropist
* John Henry Anstice (1897–?), British Army officer during the Second World War
* Joseph Anstice (1808–1836), Classical scholar and sometime a professor of classical literature in King's College London
* Mark Anstice (born 1967), Scottish explorer and adventurous documentary reality television film maker
* Robert Richard Anstice (1813–1853), English clergyman and mathematician

## Given name

* Laurence Anstice Pavitt (1914–1989), a Labour and Co-operative Party politician in the UK
# Anstisia alba

Anstisia alba, commonly known as the white-bellied frog, is a small frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It occupies an area near Margaret River in swampy depressions adjoining creeks. Threats from altered ecology have made this a critically endangered species of south-western Australia.

## Taxonomy

It was formerly classified in the genus Geocrinia, but was reclassified into the new genus Anstisia in 2022.

## Description

G. alba is very similar in appearance to the orange-bellied frog (A. vitellina); having spots of dark brown on a light brown or grey back and a snout-vent length of 17–24 mm. The underparts, however, are white. It is part of the Geocrinia rosea frog complex.

## Environment and ecology

The species occupies an area of 193 ha, across a range of 101 km² around the Witchcliffe-Karridale area of Southwest Australia. This narrow range is confined to swampy areas near creeklines. 56 sites have been found in research conducted by the Sch. Animal Biology (UWA). The species resides and breeds in small depressions under dense vegetation giving a discrete series of 11–18 barely resolvable pulses. Unusually for frog species G. alba has little migratory behaviour and reinvasion of disturbed habitat is not recorded.

## Threatened status

Altered ecology and changing land use have led to a status of 'critically endangered' of extinction. Populations occur on 'private property', exposing the habitat to cattle grazing and—since the 1990s—viticulture and eucalypt plantations. Threats such as fire and cattle can degrade vegetation surrounding the frog's habitat; damming and land clearing for viticulture or planting of introduced tree species alters the hydrology.
Research has been undertaken by UWA and CALM. Funding has been allocated to provide fencing to land owners and a reserve connecting the Forest Grove and Blackwood River National Parks to assist the protection of the riparian habitat.
# Chris Booker (disambiguation)

Chris Booker (born 1971) is an American radio and TV personality.
Chris Booker may also refer to:
* Christopher Booker (1937–2019), British journalist and author
* Chris Booker (baseball) (born 1976), American baseball pitcher
* Chris Booker (basketball) (born 1981), American basketball player
# Cape Freeman

Cape Freeman may refer to:
* Cape Freeman (Balleny Islands)
* Cape Freeman (Graham Land)
# A Clear Perception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | |
| metalreview | (6.9/10) |
| Sputnikmusic | |
A Clear Perception is the debut album by British metalcore band The Eyes of a Traitor. The album was released in Europe on Listenable Records in Europe on 23 February and then in United States on 10 March.
The album was originally scheduled to be released on 2 February through the independent distributor, Pinnacle Distribution however because of the economic crisis, the company was forced to go into administration, as of 3 December 2008. Warner Brothers took control of distribution.
On 18 September 2010, The Eyes of a Traitor announced that they were planning to release an Extended play consisting of 4 re-recorded tracks from the debut album. The four tracks were confirmed to be: Under Siege, Escape These Walls, Like Clockwork and The Impact of Two Hearts. It was originally announced to be released around Christmas time but was delayed indefinitely. Justin Lowe, the guitarist of metalcore band After the burial mixed the tracks while Ed Sokolowski produced them. Progress on the completion on the EP was hindered because of After the Burial touring with As I Lay Dying.

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalog number |
| Europe | 23 February 2009 | Listenable Records | CD | Posh 111 |
| United States | 10 March 2009 | Listenable Records | CD | Posh 111 |
| Japan | 28 July 2010 | Doom Patrol | CD | PTRL-0009 |

## Personnel
### The Eyes of a Traitor

* Jack Delany – vocals
* Stephen Whitworth – guitars
* Matthew Pugh – guitars
* Paul Waudby – bass
* Sam Brennan – drums

### Additional Personnel

* Produced by Ed Sokolowski
* Equipment by Norbert Achtelik
* Management by Laurent Merle
* Design by Lee Boyce
# Laminacauda vicana

Laminacauda vicana is a species of sheet weaver found in Peru. It was described by Keyserling in 1886.
# Uenoidae

Uenoidae is a family of stonecase caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. There are about 7 genera and at least 80 described species in Uenoidae.

## Genera

These seven genera belong to the family Uenoidae:
* Farula Milne, 1936
* Neophylax McLachlan, 1871
* Neothremma Dodds & Hisaw, 1925
* Oligophlebodes Ulmer, 1905
* Sericostriata Wiggins, Weaver & Unzicker, 1985
* Thremma McLachlan, 1876
* Uenoa Iwata, 1927
# Katsukawa Shunchō

Katsukawa Shunchō (勝川 春潮) was a Japanese designer of ukiyo-e style Japanese woodblock prints, who was active from about 1783 to about 1795.
Although a student of Katsukawa Shunshō, Shunchō's output, which consists mostly of prints of beautiful women, more closely resembles the work of Torii Kiyonaga.
Shunchō also designed many shunga prints, which also resemble those of Torii Kiyonaga.
His work is held in the permanent collections of many museums worldwide, including the British Museum, the Portland Art Museum, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Reading Public Museum, the Gregory Allicar Museum of Art, the Harvard Art Museums, the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Mead Art Museum at Amherst College, the Hyde Collection, the MOA Museum of Art, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Suntory Museum of Art, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

## Gallery

* Woodblock print by Katsukawa Shunchō titled “Viewing Flowers in Four Seasons” (Shiki no hanami)
* Courtesans in front of the Great Gate (Ōmon) of the Shin-Yoshiwara pleasure district, 1780s.
# Synthesizer (album)

Synthesizer is an album by the electronic band Information Society. It was released on September 1, 2007, from the band's official website, and on October 9, 2007, in record stores.

## Track listing

* "Baby Just Wants" – 5:16
* "Back in the Day" – 4:49
* "I Like the Way You Werk It" – 4:41
* "Run Away" – 3:46
* "Free" – 4:12
* "I Love It When..." – 4:47
* "More to This" – 3:53
* "Somnambulistic" – 4:53
* "Burning Bridges" – 5:56
* "Can't Get Enough" – 3:37
* "This Way Tonight" – 4:15
* "Synthesizer" – 4:41
* "The Seeds of Pain" – 5:27

## Track listing for the Brazilian pressing on Maxpop/Universal

* "Baby Just Wants" – 5:16
* "Back in the Day" – 4:49
* "I Like the Way You Werk It" – 4:41
* "Run Away" – 3:46
* "Free" – 4:12
* "I Love It When..." – 4:47
* "More to This" – 3:53
* "Somnambulistic" – 4:53
* "Burning Bridges" – 5:56
* "Can't Get Enough" – 3:37
* "This Way Tonight" – 4:15
* "The Seeds of Pain" – 5:27
* "Synthesizer" – 4:41
* "Back in the Day" (Maxpop Remix)
* "Runaway 2008" (Maxpop Remix)

## Liner notes
### Production credits

* Produced by: Information Society
* Music director: Paul Robb
* Recorded at Paul's house

### Musical credits

* Paul Robb
* James Cassidy
* Christopher Anton
* Leila Mack
* Colleen Fitzpatrick
* Kurt Harland Larson – vocals on "The Seeds of Pain"
* Angela Michael
* Dave Derby

### Additional credits

* Art direction: Adam King / King Design Office
* Photography: Tyler Shields, Brandon Showers
# Aud Kvalbein

Aud Kvalbein (born 4 May 1948) is a Norwegian politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the terms 2001–2005 and 2005–2009. From 1997 to 2000, during the first cabinet Bondevik, Kvalbein was a political advisor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
On the local level, she was first elected to Oslo city council in 2003. Following the 2007 elections, she became deputy mayor. She had previously served as a deputy representative from 1975 to 1979 and 1995 to 2003.
Before entering full-time politics, she worked mainly with journalism. From 1990 to 1997 she worked as head of information in her party.