OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Les Bird

Les Bird was a Canadian ice hockey player.
Bird was a member of the Saskatoon Quakers who represented Canada at the 1934 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Milan, Italy where they won Gold.
# Andrew Price

Andrew Price may refer to:
* Andrew Price (politician) (1854–1909), U.S. Representative from Louisiana
* Andrew Price (rugby league) (born 1982), Australian sportsman
* Andrew Price (TV presenter), Welsh TV presenter
* Andy Price, British composer
* Andy Price (artist), American comics artist
# Upper Blackville, New Brunswick

Upper Blackville is a small community along the banks of the Miramichi River in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located along Route 8, As of 2013, Upper Blackville consisted of 200 people.[citation needed]

## Economy

The economy for this remote area depends on the forestry industry along with salmon fishing, a major tourist attraction for the area.
# William Cross Barratt

Major General William Cross Barratt CB CSI DSO (2 June 1862 – 2 April 1940) was a senior British Army and British Indian Army officer.

## Biography

Born in Calcutta, Barratt was educated at Bedford School. He received his first commission in the Royal Berkshire Regiment in 1883. He served in Sudan during the Suakin Expedition of 1885, and fought at the Battle of Hasheen and at the Battle of Tofrek. In 1890 he took part in the Zhob Valley Expedition in India, and fought in Waziristan between 1894 and 1895. He served in East Africa in 1896, in Zanzibar and Uganda between 1897 and 1898, in China during the Boxer Rebellion between 1900 and 1901, and was present at the Relief of Peking. He subsequently served on the North West Frontier in India. He was appointed as General Officer Commanding the 9th (Secunderabad) Division and as General Officer Commanding the 16th Indian Division.
Major General William Cross Barratt retired from the British Indian Army in 1920. He died on 2 April 1940.
# Faslane Branch

vteFaslane Branch :
Legend :
The Faslane Branch was a standard gauge military railway built during World War II to serve "Military Port No.1" at Faslane, west of Glasgow in Scotland.
Latterly, the branch was used to serve the ship breaking activities at Faslane.

## Route

The Faslane Branch diverged west from the LNER's West Highland Railway at "Faslane Junction", beyond which was a group of exchange sidings and a locomotive shed. Northwards from here, the single line crossed a bridge, then was double track all the way to Faslane Bay. Faslane Platform stood near the junction from 1945 to 1949 serving the PoW camps that supplied labour for the Loch Sloy Hydroelectric Scheme at Inveruglas.
Near the 1 milepost was the level crossing at Shandon, where the railway crossed the road leading to Shandon station on the West Highland Railway. Sprung catch points were installed in the Up (southbound) line just south of the crossing on account of the gradient which fell steeply towards Faslane.
Near the 2 milepost, there was a quarry siding on the east side of the line, and a further set of catch points in both running lines.
A little further north was Belmore Crossing, where the railway crossed the A814 road. A signal box stood just north of the crossing, on the east side of the line.
The branch line ended at Faslane Bay, where an extensive layout of sidings was provided. The furthest extremity of the branch terminated alongside a platform.

## Operation

Unusually for a British railway, right-hand running was in force over the double track, to familiarise the War Department personnel with the conditions that they would be likely to encounter while serving in Continental Europe.

## Rationalisation and closure

In April 1946, when Faslane ceased to be a military port, the running and maintenance of the branch line was taken over by the LNER, although it continued to be owned by the War Department, and subsequently the Ministry of Defence. The branch was reduced to single track on 30 May 1946, after which all trains would use the former Down (northbound) line. Catch points were installed in the single line just south of Shandon crossing.

## Signalling

Originally, the railway had block posts at Faslane Yard, Shandon L.C., Belmore L.C. and Faslane Bay. The points and semaphore signals at each location were worked from ground frames, with the exception of Belmore, where a signal box was built to house the lever frame (comprising 7 levers) and gate wheel. The three block sections were worked by the absolute block system.
From 1946, the single line was worked on the 'One Train Working' principle, with a train staff.
# Tremoleta

Tremoleta was a Catalan troubadour mentioned by the Monge de Montaudon in his satire of contemporary troubadours (c.1195). No works attributed to him survive, but many scholars have suggested identifying him with one of the known troubadours. The Monge provides the following information:
It is evident that Tremoleta was an old man when the Monge mocked him. If so, his composing career probably belongs to the mid-twelfth century. Manuel Milà i Fontanals, reading the first line as entre Moleta.l catalas, proposed that Tremoleta was the Mola who exchanged coblas in a tenso with Guilhem Raimon. In the eighteenth century, Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni, assuming Catala to be his surname, identified Tremoleta with Arnaut Catalan. Martí de Riquer i Morera rejects all these.
There is an obscene song, U fotaires que no fo amoros with a rubric Giulio Bertoni read as t'bolet and identified as referring to Tremoleta, but Alfred Jeanroy reads it as "Tribolet".
# Stictoleptura rubra

Stictoleptura rubra, the red-brown longhorn beetle, is a species of beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae.

## Subspecies

Two subspecies are sometimes recognised:
* Stictoleptura rubra rubra (Linnaeus, 1758) (=nominate subspecies)
* Stictoleptura rubra numidica (Peyerhimoff, 1917)
Two former subspecies, namely Stictoleptura rubra dichroa (Blanchard, 1871) and Stictoleptura rubra succedanea (Lewis, 1873) are often treated as synonyms under Stictoleptura dichroa (Blanchard, 1871) in recent works.

## Description

Stictoleptura rubra can reach a length of 10–20 millimetres (0.39–0.79 in). This species has an evident sexual dimorphism, with variations in color and shape. Elytrae and pronotum of the females are uniformly reddish-brown or reddish-orange, while in males head and pronotum are black. Moreover the males have brown or pale ochre elytrae and often they are smaller and narrower than the females.

## Biology

Life cycle of this species lasts two - three years. Adults can be encountered from May to September, but mainly in July and August). They visit flowering plants for nectar and/or pollen, while larvae develop and feed within dead wood and tree stumps of coniferous trees (Picea, Pinus, Abies, Larix). To develop and reach maturity they need nutrients provided by fungi. Their gut contains cellulase-producing yeasts to enable xylophagy, or wood-digestion.

## Distribution

The species is found throughout the European mainland, Russia and North Africa. It can also be found in Turkey and Great Britain.

## Gallery

* Mating couple
* Female, take-off
* Video clip
* Apparently when this Stictoleptura rubra beetle emerged from its pupa, its wings didn’t fully expand before they hardened, making flight impossible
* Female specimen on a flower bush.
# Goethe Oak

Goethe Oak (or Goethe's Oak), is a name given to a number of oak trees in Germany that are referred to in this way because they allegedly bear some sort of connection to the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

## History

Perhaps the most famous one is the oak tree near Weimar, Germany, on the Ettersberg, at the foot of which was the castle of Charlotte von Stein. The oak, in the middle of a beech forest, is named thus because it is supposedly the tree under which Goethe wrote "Wanderer's Nightsong", or, alternatively, the location where he composed the Walpurgisnacht passages of his Faust. The fate of the oak became in due course associated with the fate of Germany: if the one were to fall, so would the other.
According to the Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation, the name 'Goethe Oak' was simply an epithet made up by the inmates of Buchenwald camp in commemoration of the walks Goethe was known to have made in the area. The large, old tree had previously been labeled the Dicke Eiche (English:"thick oak") on maps of the area.

## The end of the Buchenwald oak

The beech forest was cleared in 1937 to make way for the Buchenwald concentration camp. Originally the camp was to be called KL Ettersberg ("KL" for Konzentrationslager), but this was abandoned because the Ettersberg name was so closely connected to the life of Goethe. The tree stood in the center of the camp, and is reputed to have served also for the hanging and torture of prisoners. The tree was hit by an Allied incendiary bomb on 24 August 1944 and burned all night long. It is preserved (being cast in concrete under the auspices of the DDR government, which also laid a plaque saying "Goethe Eiche") and is part of the Buchenwald memorial. For the SS guards and the prisoners, the tree held two completely different meanings: for the SS it was a link to the Germany they thought they represented, but for the prisoners the tree pointed to a different Germany from the one they experienced in the camp. According to Amos Oz, the incorporation of the oak in the camp and its subsequent destruction are evidence that the Nazis destroyed their own heritage,. In Der Totenwald, camp survivor Ernst Wiechert recalls standing under the oak and reflecting on the two Germanies it represented—what later scholars would call the "Januskopf Deutschlands", the Weimar-Buchenwald dichotomy. The tree gave its name to another book by a survivor, Pierre Julitte's L'Arbre de Goethe (1965). The oak was sketched by Léon Delarbre, who used to sit under its "charred limbs" and compose poetry.

## Other Goethe oaks

Another Goethe oak is in Krásný Dvůr Castle in Bohemia (today in the Czech Republic), estimated to be 1000 years old. The Arnsberg Forest Nature Park in Sauerland claims one as well (a beech named for Friedrich Schiller fell victim to a storm in 2007).
# Leslie R. Landrum

Leslie Roger Landrum (born 1946) is an American botanist serving as senior research scientist at Arizona State University School of Life Sciences, and curator of the ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium. He attained M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Michigan, and has been at Arizona State University since 1986.
From 1969 to 1973, he worked with the Peace Corps at the Forestry School of the University of Chile, where he gained an interest in the flora of South America, particularly the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). Since then, he has published descriptions of new genera and species within the South American Myrtaceae, devoting particular study to the genus Psidium (which includes the commercially important guava).
Other concentrations include the Chilean species of the widespread genus Berberis, the usage of computer models in evaluating methods of phylogenetic analysis, and serving on a committee of botanists (including D.J. Pinkava) working on a new manual of the vascular plants of Arizona to replace the aging Arizona Flora by Kearney and Peebles (last updated in 1960).
He is on the editorial board of the Journal of The Arizona–Nevada Academy of Science, and since 2005, he has been the editor of Canotia: A New Journal of Arizona Botany.
Landum is one of the original scientists to participate in the Ask A Biologist program and the subject of the "Smashing Success" article detailing his work with ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium.
# Kongerslev

Kongerslev is a town, with a population of 1,326 (1 January 2024), in Aalborg Municipality, North Jutland Region in Denmark. It is located 23 km north of Hadsund and 27 km southeast of Aalborg.
Sønder Kongerslev Church is located on a hill in the southern part of the town close to Kongerslev Hede.
The old manor house Kongstedlund is located 3 km to the southeast between Kongerslev and Lille Vildmose.
# Laramie (film)

Laramie is a 1949 American Western film directed by Ray Nazarro and written by Barry Shipman. The film stars Charles Starrett, Fred F. Sears, Tommy Ivo, Elton Britt and Smiley Burnette. The film was released on May 19, 1949, by Columbia Pictures. This was the thirty-seventh of 65 films in the Durango Kid series.

## Plot

Steve Holden is brought in to be a mediator to bring peace between the US Cavalry and the Indians. A local businessman is against the idea so he can continue to sell large amounts of rifles to the warring tribes. He uses the Regiment's Scout Cronin to assassinate the Indian chief and stir up a war. The film's climax reuses the stagecoach attack footage from Stagecoach (1939).

## Cast

* Charles Starrett as Steve Holden / The Durango Kid
* Smiley Burnette as Smiley Burnette
* Fred F. Sears as Col. Ron Dennison
* Tommy Ivo as Ronald Dennison Jr.
* Elton Britt as the Singing Sergeant
* Robert J. Wilke as Scout Cronin
* Jim Diehl as L.D. Brecker
* Myron Healey as Lieutenant Reed
* Jay Silverheels as Running Wolf
# Universidad UNIVER

The Universidad UNIVER is a private institution of education in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. It has 13 campuses in the Guadalajara metropolitan area.

## History
### Early history

UNIVER was founded in 1955 by Jorge Ramírez y Martínez Sotomayor, one of the first architects to graduate from the Autonomous University of Guadalajara, and by the Sisters of Berryts, a Spanish Catholic community that brought to Mexico a new educational model focused on giving women the opportunity to obtain technical and other degrees.
Initially known as the Veracruz Institute (Instituto Veracruz), it later changed its name to the Veracruz Interior Design School (Escuela de Decoración Veracruz de Guadalajara), the second interior design program in the Guadalajara area following that of the Women's University of Guadalajara (Universidad Femenina de Guadalajara). Its first class had twelve female students.
The 1970s saw expansion as well as two moves to new campuses; additionally, the school received accreditation from the Secretariat of Public Education and support from Infonavit and the National Exterior Commerce Institute.
In 1976, the school became a technical college with bachillerato programs, and the religious sisters ended their involvement. Additionally, in 1984, the first undergraduate degree programs were offered.
The 1990s saw the expansion of the school to new facilities and corresponding rapid growth, with the school enrolling 1,200 students at the start of the 1990s and 12,000 by 1998. In 1996, UNIVER opened its first campus outside of the state of Jalisco, in downtown Tijuana. New campuses were opened in La Paz and Los Cabos in Baja California, Toluca and Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico (now a separate institution known as Univer Milenium), along with graduate programs in Morelia, additional facilities in the Guadalajara area designed for college programs.

### Founding of graduate programs

Graduate programs were opened by 1999, in Guadalajara; that same year, UNIVER opened its campus in the city of Morelia, by agreement with the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz College. In 1996, UNIVER started an exchange program for the training of its professors, with online Graduate programs, at the Catholic University of San Diego, in California.

## Programs

Universidad UNIVER offers undergraduate licenciatura degrees (equivalent to a bachelor's degree of the USA plus one extra year of graduate studies), accredited by the SEP, in the following majors:
* Business administration
* Tourism business administration
* Finance administration
* Political science and government
* External trade
* Accounting
* Accounting and finance
* Law
* Graphic design
* Gastronomy
* Computational systems engineering
* Architecture-civil engineering
* Industrial engineering
* Education
* Fashion design
* Information technology
* Administrative computer science
* Communication
# William Sykes (cricketer)

William Sykes (21 November 1823 – 13 February 1915) was an English clergyman and a cricketer who played in five first-class cricket matches between 1844 and 1849. He was born at Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire and died at Vauxhall, London.
Sykes was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. As a cricketer, he was a lower-order batsman and apparently a bowler, though only limited statistics are available for the matches he played in, and his bowling and batting styles are unknown. He is credited with taking three wickets in the first of his two first-class matches for Cambridge University, which was the 1844 University Match against Oxford University; he also bowled nine wides, though other details of his bowling are missing. He then played single first-class games in each of the four seasons from 1846 to 1849 for four different sides, though all of the matches were held in Cambridge.
Sykes graduated from Cambridge University in 1847 with a Bachelor of Arts degree; this was automatically converted to a Master of Arts in 1850. His subsequent career is in parts unclear. He was vicar of Dorrington, Lincolnshire from 1862 to 1886, but the directory of Cambridge University alumni states that he then "fell upon evil times, being employed selling bootlaces in London streets c 1902". He died at one of the Rowton Houses for destitute people at Vauxhall in London in 1915, aged 91.
# Athletics at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's javelin throw F35–38

Men's javelin throw events for athletes with cerebral palsy were held at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the Athens Olympic Stadium. Events were held in three disability classes.

## F35

The F35 event was won by Guo Wei, representing China.
25 Sept. 2004, 17:00
| Rank | Athlete | Result | Notes |
| | Guo Wei (CHN) | 46.06 | WR |
| | Fabian Michaels (RSA) | 42.22 | |
| | Thierry Cibone (FRA) | 41.73 | |
| 4 | Faouzi Rzig (TUN) | 39.75 | |
| 5 | Li Weichun (CHN) | 38.82 | |
| 6 | Sergiy Kolos (UKR) | 36.73 | |
| 7 | Eric Flemming (CAN) | 33.16 | |
| 8 | Yan Feng (CHN) | 27.17 | |
| 9 | Bernhard Eitzinger (AUT) | 26.28 | |

## F36/38

The F36/38 event was won by Nicholas Newman, representing South Africa.
23 Sept. 2004, 09:00
| Rank | Athlete | Result | Notes |
| | Nicholas Newman (RSA) | 38.09 | WR |
| | Pawel Piotrowski (POL) | 37.14 | |
| | Oleksandr Doroshenko (UKR) | 51.37 | WR |
| 4 | Thomas Loosch (GER) | 50.89 | |
| 5 | Petr Vratil (CZE) | 42.49 | |
| 6 | Dušan Grézl (CZE) | 41.52 | |
| 7 | Roman Kolek (CZE) | 39.27 | |
| 8 | Brian Harvey (AUS) | 37.39 | |

## F37

The F37 event was won by Kenny Churchill, representing Great Britain.
27 Sept. 2004, 17:00
| Rank | Athlete | Result | Notes |
| | Kenny Churchill (GBR) | 48.09 | WR |
| | Kieran Ault (AUS) | 45.77 | |
| | Jacek Przebierala (POL) | 44.78 | |
| 4 | Abdel Jabbar Dhifallah (TUN) | 43.37 | |
| 5 | Ahmed Meshaima (BRN) | 41.47 | |
| 6 | Andy Shaw (CAN) | 37.86 | |
| 7 | Han Do Hyung (KOR) | 36.71 | |
| 8 | Damien Burroughs (AUS) | 30.56 | |
# Chou Meng-tieh

Chou Meng-tieh (simplified Chinese: 周梦蝶; traditional Chinese: 周夢蝶; pinyin: Zhōu Mèngdié; 29 December 1921 – 1 May 2014) was a Taiwanese poet and writer. He lived in Tamsui District, New Taipei City.

## Biography

He was born Chou Chi-shu in Xichuan County, Henan in 1921. In 1948, Chou joined the China Youth Corps and was forced to drop out of school. He was sent to Taiwan following the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's army in the Chinese Civil War, leaving his wife, two sons, and daughter behind in Mainland China. He settled in Tamsui District, New Taipei City.
Chou started writing in the Central Daily News and publishing poetry in 1952. He retired from the army in 1955. In 1959, he started selling books outside the Cafe Astoria in Taipei and published his first book of poetry entitled Lonely County. Chou's book stall became a gathering spot for well-known writers, such as Huang Chun-ming, Pai Hsien-yung, and Sanmao. Chou wrote often on the subjects of time, life, and death, and was influenced by Buddhism.
In 1980, the American magazine Orientations praised him as the "Amoy Street Prophet". During the same year, he was forced to close his book stall in front of Cafe Astoria due to gastric ulcer surgery. He was the first recipient of the National Culture and Arts Foundation Literature Laureate Award in 1997.
Chou died of pneumonia in New Taipei City on May 1, 2014 at the age of 92. His funeral was held twelve days later, with writers and politicians including Chang Show-foong, Lung Ying-tai, Timothy Yang, and Hsiang Ming [zh] in attendance.
A bilingual selection from Chou's poetry with English translations by Lloyd Haft, Zhou Mengdie: 41 Poems, was published by Azoth Books (Taiwan) in 2022.
# Tremolo (electronic effect)

Tremolo, in electronics, is the variation in amplitude of sound achieved through electronic means, sometimes mistakenly called vibrato, and producing a sound somewhat reminiscent of flanging, referred to as an "underwater effect". A variety of means are available to achieve the effect. For further information about the use of tremolo in music, including notation, see Tremolo.

## History

The first self-standing electronic tremolo effects unit may have been produced by DeArmond, in which a motor shakes a canister containing a "hydro-fluid" (not mercury as some people assume), oscillating the canister containing an electrolytic fluid that sends the signal to ground. Earliest references to DeArmond's tremolo unit date to 1941. Starting in the 1950s many companies began incorporating the effect into guitar amplifiers, including the Fender Tremolux and Vibrolux: Leo Fender marked the effect on Fender amplifiers as "vibrato", conversely calling the vibrato arm on his Fender Stratocaster a tremolo arm. The most notable early amplifiers with built-in tremolo functions were the 1961 Fender Princeton and the Gibson Falcon. In such amplifiers, the tremolo circuit was relatively simple, using as little as a dozen components and one half of a tube of the preamp circuit. The effect was achieved through "bias wiggle", in which the bias of a tube, in the preamp or output stage, was modulated (turned off and on, or partly off and on) in a pure sine wave. Such circuits typically had controls for speed and depth, and produced an effect described as "lush, warm, and roundly pulsing".
Later amplifiers, and particularly the Fender Blackface amps of the mid 1960s and the later Silverface amps, used a much more complex circuit, producing the kind of effect that was especially popular with surf musicians. Modulation was produced using an optocoupler, a light-dependent resistor whose pulsating signal (producing a lopsided wave) affects the preamp circuit.