# List of threatened birds of Brazil

Brazil has more than 1900 bird species, and according to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, there are 240 species or subspecies of Brazilian birds listed as threatened, six as extinct and two as extinct in the wild. The Brazilian definition uses the same criteria and categories of IUCN. Among the 33 orders of birds in Brazil, 22 have threatened species. The passerine order (songbirds), besides being the most diverse order in Brazil, also has the most species on the Brazilian Red List, followed by parrots. The Northeast Region, notably the Atlantic forest and Caatinga, has the most endemic and threatened birds, and two of them, the Alagoas curassow and the Spix's macaw, are considered to be extinct in the wild. The Pernambuco Endemism Center presents many critically endangered species due to the intense destruction of the Atlantic forest. Some species might be extinct in Brazil, like the glaucous macaw and the Eskimo curlew.
A list of threatened species was published by Diário Oficial da União, on December 17, 2014. Even though some species have been removed from the list (for instance, the hyacinth macaw), the number of threatened species has increased in comparison with the former list (which had 160 taxa). Furthermore, the number of known species has been increasing considerably since the last half of the 20th century, and this has influenced the number of listed species.
In spite of using the same criteria, the ICMBio list often shows a different conservation status than the IUCN. That is because the assessments were done at different times by different researchers.

## Threatened birds of Brazil - ICMBio (2014)
### Order Tinamiformes (tinamous)

Family Tinamidae
* Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (yellow-legged tinamou) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Crypturellus noctivagus zabele (yellow-legged tinamou) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Nothura minor (lesser nothura) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Taoniscus nanus (dwarf tinamou) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Tinamus tao (grey tinamou) VU - ICMBio status VU

### Order Anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans)

Family Anatidae
* Mergus octosetaceus (Brazilian merganser) CR - ICMBio status CR

### Order Galliformes (gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds)

Family Cracidae (chachalacas, guans and curassows)
* Aburria jacutinga (black-fronted piping guan) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Crax blumenbachii (red-billed curassow) EN - ICMBio status CR
* Crax globulosa (wattled curassow) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Crax fasciolata pinima (Natterer's curassow) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Pauxi mitu (Alagoas curassow) EW - ICMBio status EW
* Penelope jacucaca (white-browed guan) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Penelope ochrogaster (chestnut-bellied guan) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Penelope pileata (white-crested guan) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Penelope superciliaris alagoensis (rusty-margined guan) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Ortalis guttata remota (speckled chachalaca) NE - ICMBio status CR
Family Odontophoridae (New World quails)
* Odontophorus capueira plumbeicollis (spot-winged wood quail) (NR) - ICMBio status CR

### Ordem Procellariiformes (petrels)

Family Diomedeidae (albatrosses)
* Diomedea dabbenena (Tristan albatross) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Diomedea epomophora (southern royal albatross) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Diomedea exulans (wandering albatross) VU - ICMBio status CR
* Diomedea sanfordi (northern royal albatross) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross) EN - ICMBio status EN
Família Procellariidae (petrels)
* Procellaria aequinoctialis (white-chinned petrel) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Procellaria conspicillata (spectacled petrel) VU - Estado ICMBio VU
* Pterodroma arminjoniana (Trindade petrel) VU - ICMBio status CR
* Pterodroma deserta (Desertas petrel) VU - ICMBio status CR
* Pterodroma incerta (Atlantic petrel) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Pterodroma madeira (Zino's petrel) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Puffinus lherminieri (Audubon's shearwater) LC - ICMBio status CR

### Order Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

Family Phaethontidae
* Phaethon aethereus (red-billed tropicbird) LC - ICMBio status EN
* Phaethon lepturus (white-tailed tropicbird) LC - ICMBio status EN

### Order Suliformes

Family Sulidae (boobies)
* Sula sula (red-footed booby) LC - ICMBio status EN

### Order Pelecaniformes

Family Ardeidae (herons)
* Tigrisoma fasciatum (fasciated tiger heron) LC - ICMBio status VU

### Ordem Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles and vultures)

Family Accipitridae
* Amadonastur lacernulatus (white-necked hawk) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Circus cinereus (cinereous harrier) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Leptodon forbesi (white-collared kite) CR - ICMBio status EN
* Morphnus guianensis (crested eagle) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Urubutinga coronata (crowned solitary eagle) EN - ICMBio status EN

### Order Gruiformes (cranes)

Family Psophiidae (trumpeters)
* Psophia dextralis (dark-winged trumpeter) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Psophia interjecta (dark-winged trumpeter) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Psophia obscura (dark-winged trumpeter) CR - ICMBio status CR
Family Rallidae (rails)
* Porzana spiloptera (dot-winged crake) VU - ICMBio status EN

### Order Charadriiformes (waders, gulls and auks)

Family Charadriidae (plovers, dotterels, and lapwings)
* Charadrius wilsonia (Wilson's plover) LC - ICMBio status VU
Family Scolopacidae (sandpipers)
* Calidris canutus (red knot) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Calidris pusilla (semipalmated sandpiper) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Calidris subruficollis (buff-breasted sandpiper) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Limnodromus griseus (short-billed dowitcher) LC - ICMBio status CR
* Numenius borealis (Eskimo curlew) CR - ICMBio status EX
Family Sternidae (terns)
* Sterna dougallii (roseate tern) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Sterna hirundinacea (South American tern) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Thalasseus maximus (royal tern) LC - Estado ICMBio EN

### Order Columbiformes (pigeons and doves)

Family Columbidae
* Claravis geoffroyi (purple-winged ground dove) CR - ICMBio status CR(PEx)
* Columbina cyanopis (blue-eyed ground dove) CR - ICMBio status CR(PEx)

### Order Cuculiformes (cuckoos)

Family Cuculidae
* Neomorphus geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Neomorphus geoffroyi amazonicus (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Neomorphus geoffroyi dulcis (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Neomorphus geoffroyi geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) NE - ICMBio status CR(PEx)
* Neomorphus squamiger (scaled ground cuckoo) VU - Estado ICMBio VU

### Ordem Strigiformes (owls)

Family Strigidae
* Glaucidium mooreorum (Pernambuco pygmy owl) CR - ICMBio status EX
* Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (spectacled owl) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Strix huhula albomarginata (black-banded owl) NE - ICMBio status VU

### Order Nyctibiiformes (potoos)

Family Nyctibiidae
* Nyctibius aethereus aethereus (long-tailed potoo) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Nyctibius leucopterus (white-winged potoo) LC - ICMBio status CR

### Ordem Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)

Family Caprimulgidae
* Hydropsalis candicans (white-winged nightjar) EN - ICMBio status VU

### Order Apodiformes (hummingbirds and swifts)

Family Trochilidae (hummingbirds)
* Augastes lumachella (hooded visorbearer) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi (black-bellied thorntail) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Glaucis dohrnii (hook-billed hermit) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Lophornis gouldii (dot-eared coquette) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Phaethornis aethopygus (Tapajós hermit) NT - Estado ICMBio VU
* Phaethornis bourcieri major (straight-billed hermit) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Phaethornis margarettae (great-billed hermit) LC - ICMBio status EN
* Phaethornis margarettae camargoi (great-billed hermit) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Thalurania watertonii (long-tailed woodnymph) EN - ICMBio status EN

### Order Trogoniformes (trogons)

Family Trogonidae
* Trogon collaris eytoni (collared trogon) NE - ICMBio status EN

### Order Coraciiformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers and motmots)

Family Momotidae (motmots)
* Momotus momota marcgraviana (blue-crowned motmot) NE - ICMBio status EN

### Ordem Galbuliformes (puffbirds)

Family Bucconidae
* Monasa morphoeus morphoeus (white-fronted nunbird) NE - ICMBio status EN

### Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans)

Family Capitonidae (American barbets)
* Capito dayi (black-girdled barbet) VU - ICMBio status VU
Family Ramphastidae (toucans)
* Pteroglossus bitorquatus bitorquatus (red-necked aracari) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Selenidera gouldii baturitensis (Gould's toucanet) LC - ICMBio status EN
Family Picidae (woodpeckers)
* Celeus flavus subflavus (cream-colored woodpecker) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Celeus obrieni (Kaempfer's woodpecker) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Celeus torquatus pieteroyensi (ringed woodpecker) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Celeus torquatus tinnunculus (Atlantic black-breasted woodpecker) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Dryocopus galeatus (helmeted woodpecker) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Piculus polyzonus NE - ICMBio status EN
* Piculus paraensis NE - ICMBio status EN
* Picumnus varzeae (Varzea piculet) EN - ICMBio status EN

### Order Psittaciformes (parrots, macaws, parakeets)

Family Psittacidae
* Amazona pretrei (red-spectacled amazon) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Amazona rhodocorytha (red-browed amazon) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Amazona vinacea (vinaceous-breasted amazon) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Anodorhynchus leari (Lear's macaw) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Anodorhynchus glaucus (glaucous macaw) CR - ICMBio status EX
* Aratinga solstitialis (sun parakeet) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's macaw) CR - ICMBio status CR(PExW)
* Guaruba guarouba (golden parakeet) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Pionus reichenowi (Reichenow's blue-headed parrot) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrilia vulturina (vulturine parrot) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrrhura cruentata (ochre-marked parakeet) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrrhura lepida (pearly parakeet) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrrhura lepida lepida (pearly parakeet) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrrhura griseipectus (grey-breasted parakeet) CR - ICMBio status EN
* Pyrrhura leucotis (white-eared parakeet) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Pyrrhura pfrimeri (Pfrimer's parakeet) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Touit melanonotus (brown-backed parrotlet) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Touit surdus (golden-tailed parrotlet) VU - ICMBio status VU

### Order Passeriformes (songbirds)

Family Thamnophilidae (antbirds)
* Cercomacra ferdinandi (bananal antbird) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Dysithamnus plumbeus (plumbeous antvireo) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Formicivora erythronotos (black-hooded antwren) EN - ICMBio status CR
* Formicivora grantsaui (Sincorá antwren) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Formicivora littoralis (Restinga antwren) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Formicivora paludicola (São Paulo marsh antwren) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Herpsilochmus pileatus (Bahia antwren) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Hypocnemis ochrogyna (Rondonia warbling antbird) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Myrmoderus ruficaudus NE - ICMBio status EN
* Myrmotherula fluminensis (Rio de Janeiro antwren) CR - ICMBio status CR(PEx)
* Myrmotherula klagesi (Klages's antwren) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Myrmotherula minor (Salvadori's antwren) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Myrmotherula snowi (Alagoas antwren) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Myrmotherula urosticta (band-tailed antwren) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Phlegopsis nigromaculata confinis (black-spotted bare-eye) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis (black-spotted bare-eye) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Pyriglena pernambucensis (Pernambuco fire-eye) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Pyriglena atra (fringe-backed fire-eye) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Rhegmatorhina gymnops (bare-eyed antbird) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Rhopornis ardesiacus (slender antbird) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Stymphalornis acutirostris (marsh antwren) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Terenura sicki (orange-bellied antwren) EN - ICMBio status CR
* Thamnomanes caesius caesius (cinereous antshrike) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Thamnophilus aethiops (white-shouldered antshrike) LC - ICMBio status EN
* Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (variable antshrike) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Thamnophilus caerulescens pernambucensis (variable antshrike) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Thamnophilus nigrocinereus (blackish-grey antshrike) NT - ICMBio status EN
Family Conopophagidae (gnateaters)
* Conopophaga lineata cearae (rufous gnateater) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Conopophaga lineata lineata (rufous gnateater) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons (black-cheeked gnateater) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Grallariidae (antpittas)
* Grallaria varia distincta (variegated antpitta) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Grallaria varia intercedens (variegated antpitta) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Hylopezus paraensis (Snethlage's antpitta) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos)
* Eleoscytalopus psychopompus (Bahia tapaculo) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Merulaxis stresemanni (Stresemann's bristlefront) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Scytalopus diamantinensis (Diamantina tapaculo) NT - ICMBio status CR
* Scytalopus gonzagai (Bahian mouse-colored tapaculo) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Scytalopus iraiensis (marsh tapaculo) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Scytalopus novacapitalis (Brasília tapaculo) NT - ICMBio status EN
Family Formicariidae (ground antbirds)
* Chamaeza nobilis (striated antthrush) LC - ICMBio status VU
Family Scleruridae (miners and leaftossers)
* Geositta poeciloptera (campo miner) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Sclerurus macconnelli bahiae (tawny-throated leaftosser) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Sclerurus caudacutus caligineus (black-tailed leaftosser) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (black-tailed leaftosser) NE - ICMBio status CR
Family Dendrocolaptidae (woodcreepers)
* Campylorhamphus cardosoi (Tapajós scythebill) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Campylorhamphus multostriatus (Xingu curve-billed scythebill) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris (red-billed scythebill) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis (cinnamon-throated woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Dendrocincla taunayi (plain-winged woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio statusEN
* Dendrocincla merula badia (white-chinned woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Dendrocolaptes retentus (Xingu woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Dendrocolaptes medius (Amazonian barred woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Dendrocolaptes picumnus transfasciatus (black-banded woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Hylexetastes brigidai (Brigida's woodcreeper) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Lepidocolaptes wagleri (Wagler's woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Xiphocolaptes carajaensis (Carajás woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (moustached woodcreeper) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Xiphorhynchus atlanticus (lesser woodcreeper) NE - Estado ICMBio VU
Família Xenopidae (ovenbirds)
* Xenops minutus alagoanus (plain xenops) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Xiphorhynchus guttatus gracilirostris (buff-throated woodcreeper) NE - ICMBio status EN
Family Furnariidae (Neotropical ovenbirds)
* Acrobatornis fonsecai (pink-legged graveteiro) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Asthenes hudsoni (Hudson's canastero) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Automolus lammi (Pernambuco foliage-gleaner) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti (cryptic treehunter) NE - ICMBio status EX
* Coryphistera alaudina (lark-like brushrunner) LC - ICMBio status CR
* Cranioleuca muelleri (scaled spinetail) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Cinclodes espinhacensis (long-tailed cinclodes) NE - ICMBio status EN
* Leptasthenura platensis (tufted tit-spinetail) LC - ICMBio status CR
* Philydor novaesi (Alagoas foliage-gleaner) CR - ICMBio status EX
* Pseudoseisura lophotes (brown cacholote) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Synallaxis infuscata (Pinto's spinetail) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Synallaxis kollari (hoary-throated spinetail) CR - ICMBio status EN
* Thripophaga macroura (striated softtail) VU - ICMBio status VU
Family Pipridae (manakins)
* Antilophia bokermanni (Araripe manakin) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Lepidothrix vilasboasi (golden-crowned manakin) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Lepidothrix iris (opal-crowned manakin) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Lepidothrix iris iris (cabeça-de-prata) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Neopelma aurifrons (Wied's tyrant-manakin) VU - ICMBio status EN
Family Tityridae (tityras, mourners and allies)
* Iodopleura pipra (buff-throated purpletuft) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Iodopleura pipra leucopygia (buff-throated purpletuft) NE - ICMBio status CR
* Iodopleura pipra pipra (buff-throated purpletuft) NT - ICMBio status EN
* Schiffornis turdina intermedia (brown-winged schiffornis) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Cotingidae (cotingas and bellbirds)
* Carpornis melanocephala (black-headed berryeater) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Cotinga maculata (banded cotinga) EN - ICMBio status CR
* Procnias albus wallacei (white bellbird) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Tijuca condita (grey-winged cotinga) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Xipholena atropurpurea (white-winged cotinga) EN - ICMBio status VU
Family Pipritidae (piprites)
* piprites chloris grisescens (wing-barred piprites) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Platyrinchidae (calyptura)
* Calyptura cristata (kinglet calyptura) CR - ICMBio status CR(PEx)
Family Rhynchocyclidae (tody-tyrants or bamboo tyrants)
* Hemitriccus furcatus (fork-tailed tody-tyrant) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Hemitriccus griseipectus naumburgae (white-bellied tody-tyrant) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Hemitriccus kaempferi (Kaempfer's tody-tyrant) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Hemitriccus mirandae (buff-breasted tody-tyrant) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Phylloscartes beckeri (Bahia tyrannulet) EN - ICMBio status EN
* Phylloscartes ceciliae (Alagoas tyrannulet) EN - ICMBio status CR
Family Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers)
* Alectrurus tricolor (cock-tailed tyrant) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Attila spadiceus uropygiatus (Bright-rumped attila) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Elaenia ridleyana (Noronha elaenia) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Platyrinchus mystaceus niveigularis (white-throated spadebill) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Serpophaga hypoleuca pallida (river tyrannulet) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Stigmatura napensis napensis (lesser wagtail-tyrant) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Xolmis dominicanus (black-and-white monjita) VU - ICMBio status VU
Family Vireonidae (vireos)
* Hylophilus ochraceiceps rubrifrons (tawny-crowned greenlet) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Vireo gracilirostris (Noronha vireo) NT - ICMBio status VU
Family Corvidae (crows and jays)
* Cyanocorax hafferi (Campina jay) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Turidade (thrushes)
* Cichlopsis leucogenys (rufous-brown solitaire) LC - ICMBio status EN
Family Motacillidae (pipits)
* Anthus nattereri (ochre-breasted pipit) VU - ICMBio status VU
Family Passerellidae (New World sparrows)
* Arremonops conirostris (black-striped sparrow) LC - ICMBio status VU
Family Icteridae (New World blackbirds)
* Curaeus forbesi (Forbes's blackbird) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Sturnella defilippii (Pampas meadowlark) VU - ICMBio status EX
* Xanthopsar flavus (saffron-cowled blackbird) VU - ICMBio status VU
Family Thraupidae (tanagers)
* Conothraupis mesoleuca (cone-billed tanager) CR - ICMBio status EN
* Coryphaspiza melanotis (black-masked finch) VU - ICMBio status EN
* Gubernatrix cristata (yellow cardinal) EN - ICMBio status CR
* Nemosia rourei (cherry-throated tanager) CR - ICMBio status CR
* Sporophila beltoni (Tropeiro seedeater) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila falcirostris (Temminck's seedeater) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila frontalis (buffy-fronted seedeater) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila hypoxantha (tawny-bellied seedeater) LC - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila maximiliani (great-billed seed finch) VU - ICMBio status CR
* Sporophila melanogaster (black-bellied seedeater) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila nigrorufa (black-and-tawny seedeater) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila palustris (marsh seedeater) EN - ICMBio status VU
* Sporophila ruficollis (dark-throated seedeater) NT - ICMBio status VU
* Tangara peruviana (black-backed tanager) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Tangara cyanocephala cearensis (red-necked tanager) NE - ICMBio status VU
* Tangara fastuosa (seven-colored tanager) VU - ICMBio status VU
* Tangara velia signata (opal-rumped tanager) NE - ICMBio status VU
Family Cardinalidae (cardinals)
* Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis (yellow-green grosbeak) NE - ICMBio status EN
Family Fringillidae (siskins)
* Sporagra yarrellii (yellow-faced siskin) VU - ICMBio status VU