OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Waverley Star

Waverley Star (foaled 1982) was a New Zealand Thoroughbred racehorse who is best remembered for finishing second to Bonecrusher in the 1986 Cox Plate – widely referred to as the 'race of the century'. Waverley Star, who was known as Our Waverley Star in Australia to distinguish him from a 1976 foaling of the same name, won his maiden race as a three-year-old on 30 November 1985 at Pukekohe. Prior to his first visit to Australia, for the Cox Plate, he had 13 starts for 10 wins and 2 placings in New Zealand. This included:
* 2nd in the Castlemaine XXXX Easter Stakes (Group One 1600m) behind Cosmetique, with Infinite Secret third.
* 1st in the Television New Zealand Stakes (Group Two 2000m WFA) beating Solveig and Santanea
* 1st in the Admiralty Handicap (1200m) at Ellerslie on 23 August 1986 when he beat Matthew Ryan with Bonecrusher third.
In the Cox Plate, he was installed 3/1 second-favourite behind fellow New Zealander Bonecrusher, who was 6/4-on. With 800 metres to run in the Cox Plate, Lance O'Sullivan took Waverley Star to the lead, with Gary Stewart on Bonecrusher right behind him. The two horses then raced well clear of the field, with little between them for the remainder of the race, and at the post, Bonecrusher was narrowly in front. The Filbert placed third to make a New Zealand trifecta.
He won one of the lead-ups to the 1986 Japan Cup, in which he finished fifth behind Jupiter Island (GB), Allez Milord (USA) and two Japanese horses.
Waverley Star had a further 20 starts after the Cox Plate, for three wins including the Chipping Norton Stakes in March 1987 beating Diamond Shower and Abit Leica. He was then placed second in both the 1987 Rawson Stakes (2000m) and Tancred Stakes (2400m), carrying 57kg, easily beaten on both occasions by Myocard who carried 53kg and 52kg respectively.
He had his final start in June 1989, as a six-year-old, after failing to recapture his best form.
Waverley Star died in 2015.
# Lagaria

Lagaria (Greek: Λαγαρία), was an ancient town of Magna Graecia in Lucania, situated between Thurii and the river Siris (modern Sinni).
According to legend, it was founded by a colony of Phocians under the command of Epeius, the architect of the Trojan Horse. Strabo and Stephanus of Byzantium calls it only a fortress (Φρούριον), and it was probably never a place of any importance; though deriving some celebrity in later times from the excellence of its wine, which was esteemed one of the best in Italy. The statement of Strabo, above quoted, is the only clue to its position, which cannot therefore be determined with any certainty. Cluverius placed it at Nocara, about 16 km from the sea, and this conjecture (for it is nothing more) has been adopted by Romanelli. The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, along with most modern scholars, place the ruins of Lagaria at Monte Coppolo, in the comune of Valsinni, Matera Province, Basilicata. The wines of this neighborhood are said still to preserve their ancient reputation.
# Student fee

A student fee or student activity fee is a fee charged to students at a school, college, university or other place of learning that is in addition to any matriculation and/or tuition fees. It may be charged to support student organizations and student activities (for which it can be called an activity fee) or for intercollegiate programs such as intramural sports or visiting academics; or, at a public university or college, as a means to remedy shortfalls in state funding (in which case it can often be called a technology fee). Further fees may then be charged for features and facilities such as insurance, health and parking provision.

## United States
### Constitutionality of activity fees

In the United States, the constitutionality of mandatory student activity fees has been adjudicated several times by the Supreme Court. Most recently, the Court has ruled that public universities may subsidize political groups by means of a mandatory student activity fees so long as the manner in which such funds are dispersed are political neutral.
   [T]he First Amendment permits a public university to charge its students an activity fee used to fund a program to facilitate extracurricular student speech, provided that the program is viewpoint neutral.”
Despite the commentary of the US Supreme Court, most student activity fee funds are today used by-and-large for non-political purposes.
   [Research has] found that, by and large, funds distributed by student governments go to non-political organizations. Where fees are used for political groups, the distribution seems to reflect the preferences of the student body; thus, they meet the Supreme Court’s “viewpoint neutral” standard.

### Student fee cases

* Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, 515 U. S. 819 (1995)
* Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth 529 U.S. 217 (2000)

## Examples
### University of New Hampshire

The Student Activity Fee of the University of New Hampshire is relatively unique amongst other comparable institutions of secondary education in that the fee is administered by its autonomous student government, free from faculty or staff advisors. During fiscal year 2019, all undergraduate students attending UNH paid $89 towards their fee.
# Treaty of Bassein

Treaty of Bassein may refer to:
* Treaty of Bassein (1534), between Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat and the Portuguese.
* Treaty of Bassein (1802), between the British and Baji Rao II, the Maratha peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India
# USS Pivot (AM-276)

USS Pivot (AM-276), an Admirable-class minesweeper, and the first ship of the United States Navy named Pivot. She was built at the Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, Chickasaw, Alabama and christened on 11 November 1943 by Mrs Clara L Prouty. Trials started on 12 July 1944 in the Gulf of Mexico and she worked up in Chesapeake Bay.
After shakedown, she operated with the Atlantic Fleet training and patrolling until sailing for the Pacific early in April 1945. She transited the Panama Canal on 10 April 1945 and after training in Hawaiian waters reached the war zone in time for mine sweeping operations around the Ryukyus after the Battle of Okinawa.
She supported Admiral Marc Mitscher's Fast Carrier Task Force during the strikes against Japan in July and operated in Korean waters after Japan's surrender, returning to Okinawa in October and resumed mine sweeping operations in the Ryukyus and receiving four battle stars for World War II.
Pivot was decommissioned 6 November 1946 at Subic Bay, Philippines, sold to Taiwan 27 August 1948 and renamed ROCS Yung Shou. On 1 July 1970, Yung Shou was decommissioned.

## Images

* Pivot being launched on 11 November 1943
* Pivot firing its forward 3"/50 caliber gun.
# Mechanical snubber

A mechanical snubber is a mechanical device designed to protect components from excess shock or sway caused by seismic disturbances or other transient forces. During normal operating conditions, the snubber allows for movement in tension and compression. When an impulse event occurs, the snubber becomes activated and acts as a restraint device. The device becomes rigid, absorbs the dynamic energy, and transfers it to the supporting structure.
The image at right shows an isometric view of one style of mechanical snubber. When a disturbance occurs that exceeds the acceleration threshold of the snubber, the ball screw and drum produce angular momentum to the inertia mass. The inertial resistance of the mass engages the resilient capstan to tighten around a hardened mandrel, which is part of the structural tube. This, in turn, causes restraining force against the rotation of the ball screw. During standard operation, the associated acceleration is far below the threshold limit of the snubber and will not activate the capstan spring.

## Applications

Process Impulse Events
* water hammer
* tripped valve
* pipe rupture
* protection from overtravel or overstress by reducing the structural response

## External impulse events

* seismic event (such as an earthquake)
* unexpected failure of adjacent components
* high wind loads
# American Airmotive NA-75

The American Airmotive NA-75 was an agricultural aircraft marketed in the United States in the 1960s, created by remanufacturing military surplus Boeing Stearman trainers. The aircraft were fitted with completely new, high-lift wings, and one of the cockpits was replaced by a chemical hopper. As of 1980, over 200 Stearmans had been modified in this way, either by American Airmotive directly, or via conversion kits that the company sold.

## Specifications

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66
General characteristics
* Crew: 1
* Capacity:
** 31.7 cu ft (0.90 m$^3$) hopper
** >2,000 lb (910 kg) payload
* Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
* Upper wingspan: 33 ft 0+1⁄2 in (10.071 m)
* Lower wingspan: 29 ft 5 in (8.97 m)
* Wing area: 338.26 sq ft (31.425 m$^2$)
* Airfoil: Gottingen 398
* Max takeoff weight: 4,612 lb (2,092 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-985 radial engine, 450 hp (340 kW)
Performance
* Stall speed: 55 mph (89 km/h, 48 kn) with 1,250 lb (570 kg) payload
* Rate of climb: 1,100 ft/min (5.6 m/s)
# Titus Zeman

Titus Zeman (4 January 1915 – 8 January 1969) was a Slovak Roman Catholic priest and a professed member of the Salesians of Don Bosco. Zeman studied in Italian cities prior to his ordination and worked in Slovakia to protect fellow Salesians after the communist regime outlawed religious orders. He was arrested after attempting to send Salesians out of the nation and was imprisoned from 1952 until 1964 and died due to poor health sustained from the prison conditions. He has been acclaimed as a defender of religious liberties.
Zeman was acclaimed a Servant of God in 2010 under Pope Benedict XVI after the canonization process commenced in Bratislava – the cause was taken with ascertaining whether Zeman had died "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). Pope Francis approved his beatification on 27 February 2017; the beatification occurred in Bratislava on 30 September 2017.

## Life

Titus Zeman was born in 1915 in Slovakia. From 1925 – when he was ten – he knew he wanted to become a priest and so finished his high school education at the Salesians of Don Bosco-run house at Šaštín before considering that path ahead.
He entered the Salesians novitiate in 1931 and made his first vows on 6 August 1932. On 7 March 1938 he made his solemn profession into the order at the Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio in Rome. Zeman did theological studies for the priesthood at the Pontifica Università Gregoriana and then continued his studies in Chieri. He was ordained a priest in Turin on 23 June 1940 by Cardinal Maurilio Fossati. He celebrated his first Mass in his hometown on 4 August 1940 and until 1950 served as both a chaplain and catechist.
In April 1950 the communist regime forbade religious orders within its borders and began to send their members to concentration camps. Zeman arranged for Salesians to travel to Turin – despite it being a grave risk since it was illegal – so that these religious could complete their studies without fear of persecution or suppression. He organized two such expeditions (one in August 1950 and another on 23 October 1950) for over 60 Salesians. The third attempt in April 1951 saw him and others arrested. At his trial he was described as a traitor to the nation. He risked receiving the death sentence but, due to attenuating circumstances, on 22 February 1952 he was sentenced to imprisonment until 1977, and received parole on 10 March 1964, scarred from the suffering that he endured in prison. He was granted permission in 1968 to celebrate religious functions.
Zeman died in 1969 due to heart failure, with the harsh conditions of his imprisonment a contributing factor in his death. His remains were exhumed and moved to the local church in 2010.

## Beatification process

The diocesan process for the cause was inaugurated on 26 February 2010. Pope Francis approved the beatification on 27 February 2017 and the beatification occurred in Bratislava on 30 September 2017. The postulator assigned to the cause is the Salesian Pierluigi Cameroni.
# Ed Hall (television presenter)

Ed Hall (born 16 March 1974) in Ascot, Berkshire is a British television presenter best known for being a co-presenter on BBC daytime television show To Buy or Not to Buy. He began his broadcast career as a reporter for The Sunday Show. He has also presented the Channel 4 paintball show XFire and acted as an interviewer for the first two series of Techno Games.

## Filmography

Hall has one film credit, a bit part (bus driver) in the British movie short Tug of War (2006).
Hall is credited with writing material for two television shows, The Kevin Bishop Show (2008, 2009) and Comedy Showcase (2007).
Hall has narrated or appeared in the following television shows or series:
* We Can Work It Out (1998)
* The Haunted Fishtank (1998)
* Starship Bloopers (1998)
* The Basement (1998)
* Soap Fever (1999)
* Starship Bloopers 2 (1999)
* Bare Necessities (2000)
* A Question of TV (2001)
* Liquid News (2001)
* I Love the '80s (2001)
* The Big Breakfast (2001, 2002)
* The Wright Stuff (2004)
* The Celebrity Penthouse (2004)
* How Not to Decorate (2004)
* The Farm (2004)
* Win, Lose or Draw Late (2004)
* Brainiac: Science Abuse (2004)
* Nice House, Shame About the Garden (2005)
* Bamboozle (2005)
* It's All Gone King Kong (2005)
* To Buy or Not to Buy (2008)
* Max Payne: Movie Special (2008)
# Waverley School

Waverley School could refer to any one of several schools:

## United Kingdom

* Waverley School, Birmingham
* Waverley Abbey School, Surrey

## Elsewhere

* Waverley College, New South Wales, Australia
* Waverley Elementary School, Vancouver, Canada
* Waverley Primary School, Taranaki, New Zealand
* Waverley Girls' High School, Waverley, Johannesburg, South Africa
# Alan Grodzinsky

Alan J. Grodzinsky is an American scientist and Professor of Electrical, Mechanical and Biological Engineering and Director of the Center for Biomedical Engineering at MIT. He graduated in Electrical Engineering from MIT in 1971, obtaining a doctorate three years later under the supervision of James Melcher, with a thesis on membrane electromechanics.
Grodzinsky is widely recognized for his research investigating the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of connective tissue, including studies on cartilage tissue engineering, with implications for understanding and curing diseases such as osteoarthritis. He has published over 315 peer reviewed papers which have been cited almost 30,000 times in Google Scholar. He has supervised 25 post-doctoral candidates, 52 Ph.D./Sc.D. students, 2 M.D. students, 52 M.S. students and 63 B.S students. He has been honored with the 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society Outstanding Achievement in Mentoring Award for his lifelong commitment to excellence in mentoring trainees both in his lab and around the world.
Grodzinsky was a founding Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering in 1993. He has served as the President of the Bioelectrical Repair and Growth Society (1986–87), Chairman of the Gordon Research Conference on Musculoskeletal Biology & Bioengineering (1990), President of the International Cartilage Repair Society (1998-2000) and President of the Orthopaedic Research Society (2007–08). He received a NIH Merit Award in 1994.
Grodzinsky is married to Gail Grodzinsky (née Meyer) and has a son Michael Grodzinsky and lives in Massachusetts.
# USS Platte

USS Platte may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
* USS Platte (AO-24) was a Cimarron-class oiler launched in 1939 and scrapped in 1971.
* USS Platte (AO-186) was a Cimarron-class fleet replenishment oiler launched in 1982 and scrapped in 2014.
# Ardgowan

Ardgowan may refer to:
* Ardgowan House, near Inverkip, Scotland
* Ardgowan, New Zealand in North Otago
* Ardgowan, Prince Edward Island, Canada, National Historic Site
# American Alliance for Medical Cannabis

The American Alliance for Medical Cannabis (AAMC) is an organization that promotes the legal access to medical cannabis, with the help of health professionals, members of the community, educators, patients, clergy and caregivers. The National Director from 2001 to 2005 was Dr. Jay Cavanaugh. The current National Director is Arthur H Livermore Jr.

## Membership

Included in AAMC membership are experts in the field of cannabis medicine including clinical applications, organic farming, patient advocacy, history, medical preparations, patient rights, and support, some additional aspects of the AAMC Mission include clinical research and educating the decision makers about the issue.

## Mission

The Primary Mission of AAMC is to give patients, caregivers and volunteers all the facts they will need to make the informed decision about whether Cannabis is the right medicine for them, and at the same time letting them know all the laws surrounding Medicinal Marijuana in their area, all while helping expand political activism and providing handy recipes and guides to help them grow their own Organic medicine.
# Ernakulam–Bilaspur Superfast Express

The 22816 / 22815 Ernakulam–Bilaspur Superfast Express is a Superfast Express train that runs between Ernakulam Junction and Bilaspur Junction. The train belongs to the South East Central Railway zone of Indian Railways.
It operates as train number 22816 from Ernakulam Junction to Bilaspur Junction and as train number 22815 in the reverse direction, serving the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra & Chhattisgarh.
# Amaury de Montfort (priest)

Amaury de Montfort (1242 or 1243 – 1301) was the third son of parliamentary pioneer Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and Eleanor of England, daughter of King John.

## Biography

Amaury entered the priesthood as a young man, and held the positions of Treasurer of York Cathedral, canon of Rouen, Évreux, London and Lincoln. He served as a papal chaplain as well.
After the deaths of his father and older brother Henry de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 (by men under the command of then Prince Edward, later Edward I, aka Edward Longshanks), Amaury fled to France with his mother, younger sister, and surviving brothers.
Amaury de Montfort soon began studying medicine and theology at the University of Padua. His brothers, Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola and Simon de Montfort the Younger were seeking their fortunes in Italy. A tragic turn of events lead to the bloody 1271 confrontation between Guy and Simon and their cousin Henry of Almain (also Edward's cousin, by virtue of his father, Henry III being the elder brother of both Eleanor of England and Henry of Almain's father, Richard, Earl of Cornwall).
Henry, whom the de Montfort sons considered a traitor to their father's ideals, was attacked during mass at Viterbo, and murdered on the altar steps, resulting in the excommunication of both de Montfort sons. While Amaury was not in Viterbo, and was not involved in the murder, Edward swore vengeance upon all of Simon de Montfort's sons, Amaury included. Simon the younger died that year, reportedly of a tertian fever, while Amaury managed to appeal to the pope (with the aid of his father-in-law), resulting in his return to the church.
In 1275, after the death of his mother at Montargis Abbey, Amaury, by then a Papal Chaplain, accompanied his younger sister Eleanor de Montfort on a winter sea voyage to Wales and her new husband, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (the grandson of Llywelyn Fawr). Intercepted at sea by mercenaries in the employ of now King Edward I, both Amaury and Eleanor were taken captive.
Following two paragraphs taken mainly from Chronica, ascribed to William Rishanger, a monk of St. Albans, ed. Henry Thomas Riley [1865], 87, 99.
While Eleanor's captivity was gentle and relatively short-lived (she was married to Prince Llywelyn at King Edward's expense in 1278), Amaury was held 'without rigour' in Corfe Castle and later in Sherborne Castle. After requests from the Pope, Prince Llywelyn and Archbishop John Peckham of Canterbury, Amaury was released after swearing at London not to return to England unless invited by the king.
Upon his release in mid April 1282, Amaury returned to France, never again to see his sister, who died in childbirth that very year, mere months before the death of her husband Llewylyn and the annexation of North Wales to the English crown. Amaury after some years renounced his clerical career and became a knight, apparently dying soon afterwards in Italy, possibly after 1301$^{(citation/reference?).}$
# Umbra (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Umbra is the second studio album from Japanese electronica/rock duo Boom Boom Satellites, released on February 7, 2001.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Boom Boom Satellites

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.
* Art Direction, Design – Shin-Ichiro Hirata*
* Artwork [Artwork Co-ordinator] – Yuki Sugawara
* Directed By – Tatsunori Toyama
* Drums [Additional Drummer] – Naoki Hirai
* Engineer [Additional] – Kenji Furukawa, Kikou Uehara, Mike Nealsen*
* Executive-Producer – Hirofumi Satoh, Lucy Tonegi
* Lyrics By – Chuck D (tracks: 4)
* Mastered By – Quincy Tanaka*
* Photography By – Yoshiyuki Hata
* Programmed By, Bass – Masayuki Nakano
* Saxophone, Flute – Nao Takeuchi (tracks: 3 to 5)
* Strings, Arranged By – Asuka Strings (tracks: 2)
* Trumpet – Issei Igarashi (tracks: 3)
* Vocals, Guitar – Michiyuki Kawashima
* Written-By, Arranged By, Producer, Mixed By – Boom Boom Satellites
# Fô-Bourè

Fô-Bourè is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Sinendé. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 10,677.
# Treaty of Altranstädt

Treaty of Altranstädt may refer to
* Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), a peace treaty between Saxony, Poland-Lithuania and Sweden, including the abdication of Augustus the Strong
* Treaty of Altranstädt (1707), a Swedish-Habsburg convention regarding Silesian Protestants
# 1891 North Carolina Tar Heels football team

The 1891 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina in the 1891 college football season. They played two games with a final record of 0–2. There had been no football team since 1889 prior to this season. The team captains for the 1891 season were Michael Hoke and George Graham. William P. Graves has been reported as this team's coach, but he was the coach in the spring of 1891 when UNC was scheduled to play, but did not. UNC was leading in its contest with Wake Forest but forfeited before the game was over.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| November 10 | 3:05 p.m. | vs. Wake Forest | Athletic ParkRaleigh, NC (rivalry) | L (by forfeit) | 500 | |
| November 20 | 4:15 p.m. | Trinity (NC) | Campus Athletic Field (I)Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) | L 4–6 | 300 | |
# Americium hexafluoride

Americium hexafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of americium metal and fluorine with the chemical formula AmF $_6$. It is still a hypothetical compound. Synthesis by fluorination of americium tetrafluoride was unsuccessfully attempted in 1990. A thermochromatographic identification in 1986 remains inconclusive. Calculations suggest that it may be distorted from octahedral symmetry.

## Synthesis

It is proposed that AmF $_6$ can be prepared by in both the condensed and gaseous states by the reaction of KrF $_2$ with AmF $_3$ in anhydrous HF at 313–333 K.
       2 AmF$_3$ + 3 KrF$_2$ → 2 AmF$_6$ + 3 Kr
# Leucoptera psophocarpella

Leucoptera psophocarpella, the winged-bean blotch miner, is a moth in the Lyonetiidae family that is endemic to Papua New Guinea.
The wingspan is about 4 millimetres (0.16 in).
The larvae feed on Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. They mine the leaves of their host plant.