OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Suzanne Garment

Suzanne Garment (née Bloom) is an American scholar, writer, editor and attorney.
Garment is best known for her book, Scandal: The Culture of Mistrust in American Politics, and for her work as an aide to Ambassador Daniel Patrick Moynihan working to block the 1975 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 of the United Nations that "Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination."

## Education and career

Garment holds the A.B. from Radcliffe College, the M.A. from the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom, the PhD in political science from Harvard University, the J.D. and a master of laws degree in taxation from Georgetown University
She has served as a visiting scholar at the Indiana University Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University; special counsel to Richard Ravitch, New York Lieutenant Governor and as counsel to the Task Force on the State Budget Crisis, co-chaired by Ravitch and former Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker. Before earning the J.D., she was a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute; associate editorial page editor of the Wall Street Journal; author of the "Capital Chronicle" column at the Wall Street Journal; and special assistant to Daniel Patrick Moynihan, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. Garment has taught politics and public policy at Yale and Harvard Universities. She was the executive editor of Jewish Ideas Daily.

## Personal life

She was married to Leonard Garment; they have a daughter, Ann.

## Books

* Scandal: The Culture of Mistrust in American Politics (Anchor; 1991)
* A Dangerous Place co-author with Daniel P. Moynihan (Little Brown)
# Edmund Pytts (died 1753)

Edmund Pytts (c. 1696 – 24 November 1753) was a British Tory politician, MP for Worcestershire 1741–1753.
Pytts was the son of Samuel Pytts MP and Frances Sandys, the daughter of Samuel Sandys MP. He matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford in 1713, aged 16. Pytts stood unsuccessfully at Ludlow in 1727. He was elected MP for Worcestershire in 1741, and re-elected unopposed in 1747. A Tory, he voted against the government in all recorded votes.

## Personal life

On 24 January 1727, Pytts married Susanna, daughter of Jonathan Collet. She died on 2 April 1742. They had four sons and four daughters, including Edmund Pytts MP. On 12 December 1752, he married Anne, daughter of Sir Streynsham Master and widow of Gilbert Coventry, 4th Earl of Coventry.

## Death

He died on 24 November 1753.
# Tower Ladder (Devils Tower National Monument)

The Ladder at Devils Tower was first constructed and used in 1893 by William Rogers and Willard Ripley to publicly ascend Devil's Tower. Two years later Roger's wife Linnie ascended the tower via the ladder, one of a total of about 215 who have used the ladder. The last use was by Babe "The Human Fly" White in 1927.
The present tower ladder consists of a series of wooden stakes connected on the outside by vertical wood planks. One end of each stake is driven sideways into a rock crevice, vertically ascending the southeast side of the tower. Attached with nails and/or baling wire to the other end of the stakes are 12-inch lengths of 1 x 4 - inch lumber. The ladder ascends from about 100 feet above the ground to the summit, and is about 170 feet long. Because of its small scale in comparison to the tower, it is very difficult to see in modern photographs, and visitors to the tower usually must view it through a telescope. The lowest 100 feet were removed in the 1930s as a safety measure. The remaining ladder was restored in 1972.
# Spilopyrinae

The Spilopyrinae are a small subfamily of the leaf beetles, or Chrysomelidae. They occur in Argentina, Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia and Chile. They were formerly considered a tribe of the subfamily Eumolpinae. The group was elevated to subfamily rank by C. A. M. Reid in 2000. However, some authors have criticised this placement, preferring to retain them within the Eumolpinae.

## Genera

* Allsortsia Reid & Beatson, 2010 – Australia
* Bohumiljania Monrós, 1958 – New Caledonia
* Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 – Australia
* Dorymolpus Elgueta, Daccordi & Zoia, 2014 – Chile
* Hornius Fairmaire, 1885 – Argentina and Chile
* Macrolema Baly, 1861 – Australia and New Guinea
* Richmondia Jacoby, 1898 – Australia
* Spilopyra Baly, 1860 – Australia and New Guinea
* Stenomela Erichson, 1847 – Chile
# Tempi Madonna

The Tempi Madonna is an oil painting by the Italian High Renaissance painter Raphael. Painted for the Tempi family, it was bought by Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1829. It is housed in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. It is thought to have been made in 1508, at the end of the artist's Florentine period.
# German submarine U-276

German submarine U-276 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
The submarine was laid down on 24 February 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 41. She was launched on 24 October and commissioned on 9 December under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Jürgen Thimme.

## Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-276 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged. She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph). When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-276 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

## Service history

U-276 served with the 8th U-boat Flotilla for training from December 1942 to February 1944 and operationally with the 1st U-boat Flotilla from 1 March 1944. She was then reassigned to the 31st U-boat Flotilla on 1 July. She carried out three patrols, but sank no ships.
She was 'stricken' in September 1944 at Neustadt and used as a floating electrical generating plant. She was scuttled in May 1945.
She carried out short voyages between Kiel in Germany and Bergen and Trondheim in Norway over February and March 1944.

### First patrol

The boat departed Trondheim on 22 March 1944 and returned to the Norwegian port fifteen days later on 6 April.

### Second patrol

Her second sortie was relatively uneventful, apart from two crew members being wounded in an accident with the anti-aircraft gun.

### Third patrol

By now the boat was based at Stavanger, from where she departed on 8 June 1944. She returned there on the 25th.
The submarine sailed back to Kiel in July 1944.

### Fate

The boat was 'stricken' at Neustadt on 29 September 1944 and re-employed as a floating electrical generator. On 3 May 1945, the U-boat was damaged in a rocket attack by four Hawker Typhoons of No. 175 Squadron RAF. As a result of the damage, she was scuttled later that same day.
# 5026 Martes

5026 Martes (prov. designation: 1987 QL$_1$) is a carbonaceous asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 August 1987, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic. It is named after the two weasel-like animal species: pine marten and beech marten.

## Orbit and classification

Martes is the namesake member of a small asteroid family, named the Martes family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,339 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.
A first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1953, extending the body's observation arc by 34 years prior to its official discovery observation at Klet.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for the two species of the family Mustelidae, the pine marten and beech marten. They also live in the forests near the discovering Kleť Observatory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 22 June 1999 (M.P.C. 34920).

## Physical characteristics

Martes has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by PanSTARRS' photometric survey.

### Asteroid pair

Martes forms an asteroid pair with 2005 WW$_{113}$, and was part of the 35 sample asteroid pairs in Petr Pravec's study Formation of asteroid pairs by rotational fission, published in the journal Nature.

### Lightcurves

Between 2008 and 2010, several rotational lightcurves of Martes were obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.4243 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.69 magnitude (U=3-/3/2+/3/2).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Martes measures 8.967 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.066, which is typical for carbonaceous asteroids. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link, however, assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and consequently calculates a much smaller diameter of 4.93 kilometers, due to the higher albedo.
# Bald Hills (Lassen County)

The Bald Hills are a mountain range in Lassen County, California.
# The Secret Royals

The Secret Royals: Spying and the Crown, from Victoria to Diana is a book by Richard J. Aldrich and Rory Cormac about the relationship between the British royal family and British intelligence agencies. It was published in 2021 by Atlantic Books. In the forward to the book Aldrich and Cormac write of the difficulty of researching the book, noting that "writing about spies is challenging; writing about royals is more difficult; and writing about spies and royals has sometimes seemed impossible".
The Secret Royals was reviewed in The Times by Richard White and Ben Macintyre. It was reviewed in The Daily Telegraph by Matthew Dennison. Dennison described the book as full of "Piquant, poignant and unexpected details [that] humanise the business of monarchy" and offered an "intriguing alternative narrative of British royal history". In The Times Literary Supplement the book was reviewed by historian Richard Davenport-Hines.
The Secret Royals was named a Book of the Year by the Daily Mail and a Best Book of 2021 by The Times and Sunday Times.
# Tragg

Tragg is the name of various fictional characters:
* Police Lieutenant Arthur Tragg, in the Perry Mason TV series, played by Ray Collins
* Tragg, a Cro-Magnon in the Gold Key Comics short-lived series Tragg and the Sky Gods
* General Traag, sometimes spelled Tragg, in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles universe
* Tragg, in the video game Dungeon Siege: Legends of Aranna
# Longjiang Bridge

The Long River Bridge or Longjiang Bridge (龙江特大桥) is a suspension bridge near Baoshan, Yunnan, China. The main span of the bridge is 1,196 m (3,924 ft) making it one of the longest ever built. The bridge is also one of the highest in world sitting 280 m (920 ft) above the river below. The bridge started construction on August 2, 2011, completed construction in April, 2016, and was opened to the public on May 1, 2016.
The project cost around 1.96 billion Yuan (Roughly 272 million USD).

## Geography

The bridge is part of S10 Baoshan–Tengchong Expressway, connecting the cities of Baoshan and Tengchong in southwest China, and going straight to Myanmar. It crosses the Long River Valley, the largest natural obstacle on the Baoteng Expressway. Prior to the bridge, going from Baoshan to Tengchong involves a 13.5 km (8.4 mi) detour down to the valley floor.
# California's 48th district

California's 48th district may refer to:
* California's 48th congressional district
* California's 48th State Assembly district
# Amcol International Corporation

On February 14, 2014, AMCOL International Corporation announced that it has signed a merger agreement with Imerys. The merger, however, was terminated after AMCOL received a rival bid from Minerals Technologies, which AMCOL, deemed to be a superior bid.
On May 9, 2014, Minerals Technologies Inc., a New York Based international minerals supplier, acquired all the outstanding shares of AMCOL International Corporation. Minerals Technologies is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MTX.
AMCOL International Corp. was a specialty materials and chemicals manufacturer based in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States. AMCOL International is no longer traded on the New York Stock Exchange.
# František Martin Pecháček

František Martin Pecháček, also Francis Martin Pechatschek, Pechaczek, Behatschek (10 November 1763 in Ústí nad Orlicí - 26 September 1816 in Vienna) was a Bohemian violinist, pedagog, arranger and diligent composer. His son Franz Pecháček became known as a virtuoso violinist and composer. The collections of the Municipal Museum in Usti nad Orlici contain two of his compositions, a piece for violin and orchestra entitled Rondeau brilliant and a concert duo for two violins, Polonaise.

## Early life

František Pecháček was born in the back of a low category restaurant in Ústí nad Orlicí (Wildenschwert), later known as hotel Friml Orličan (today a marketplace in the suburbs). He received his first grammar and music lessons in Usti, and then went to Litomyšl where he studied under the guidance of choir director and pianist P. Lambert. Later he went to study philosophy and also acquire further musical training as a violinist from Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf in Weißwasser, then part of Austrian Silesia.

## Musical career

Pecháček moved to Vienna when he was twenty years old, where in 1790 he began acting as conductor of the Landstraßer Theaters and the Theater am Kärntnertor.
Pecháček composed two large and ten small comic operas, twelve symphonies, thirty ballets, several masses and various piano and church music works, totaling over 100 opuses. On the occasion of the visit of King of Naples Ferdinand I in Vienna in 1801 was conducted with great success of his ballet "Forest Nymph". The main focus of his compositional activity consisted in the creation of dance music, such as laendler, waltzes, and minuets. In this field he gained such popularity, later only enjoyed by Joseph Lanner and Johann Strauss, of whom he is considered a forerunner.

## Death

He died from exhaustion on the 26 September 1816 in Vienna, Esterházovském street, house No. 419, and was then buried at the now defunct Matzleinsdorf Protestant Cemetery. Unfortunately after his death, all his works fell completely into oblivion.
# Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 4

Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 4 is a compilation album featuring recordings by American singer Elvis Presley. It was the last in a series of albums that began with Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 1 in 1974, and the first since Elvis: A Legendary Performer Volume 3 in 1979. It was also the final album by any artist in the RCA A Legendary Performer series to be issued. This album was made up entirely of heretofore unissued recordings by Presley, with the exception of one track that was previously released in the Elvis Aron Presley boxed set in 1980.

## Content

This album marked the first official release of the version of "When it Rains, It Really Pours" that Presley recorded in November 1955 at Sun Records (he later rerecorded the song for RCA Victor). Also included was an alternate version of his 1958 hit, "One Night" entitled "One Night of Sin" which featured raunchier lyrics than the version RCA Victor released in the 1950s. A much-bootlegged song cut from the soundtrack of Presley's 1962 film Girls! Girls! Girls!, "Plantation Rock" is included as well, as is "The Lady Loves Me", a previously unreleased duet between Presley and Ann-Margret which had been featured in the 1964 film, Viva Las Vegas but never released by RCA Victor until this album. Also making its album-debut in this release is Elvis' late-1960s rerecording of the song "Swing Down, Sweet Chariot", previously performed on his 1960 Gospel LP, His Hand In Mine. This new rendition was featured in the 1969 movie The Trouble with Girls. Plus, there is an alternate take of "Wooden Heart", a song from the film G.I. Blues, which has a false start due to Elvis messing up part of the lyrics and subsequently laughing.
At the time of the album's release, the origin of two informal recordings released here for the first time: "I'm Beginning to Forget You" and a cover of Nat King Cole's "Mona Lisa" was marked as unknown, with the notation that the two recordings had been discovered at Graceland, Presley's mansion. Later, it was learned that the two recordings were among a number that Presley made informally in April 1959 while he was stationed in Germany. This collection is rounded off by a quartet of live performances: a previously unissued performance of "That's All Right" from the 1968 NBC Comeback Special, a 1969 Las Vegas outtake performance of "Are You Lonesome Tonight" in which Elvis begins laughing during the song (this is the album's sole previously released track, having appeared in the 1980 Elvis Aron Presley box set and previously marketed as "Are You Lonesome Tonight (The Laughing Version)"), and two performances from a 1972 appearance at Madison Square Garden in New York City (later reissued as part of the album An Afternoon in the Garden). An excerpt from a 1956 interview recording rounds out the collection.

## Track listing

Track listing with details from the liner notes
# Fuel system

Fuel system may refer to:
* Aircraft fuel system
* in automobiles and their industry, the combination of fuel tanks, fuel pumps, fuel pipes, fuel injection
# Aralia hispida

Aralia hispida, commonly known as the bristly sarsaparilla, is a member of the family Araliaceae. It can be found in eastern North America from Hudson Bay south to Indiana and from Minnesota east to Newfoundland. It prefers dry and sandy soil, and is a perennial that blooms in June and July. It has a rhizome that can overwinter up to 50 centimetres (20 in) above ground. It has ovate to bipinnately compound leaves with 10 centimetres (3.9 in), serrate, ovate to shield-shaped leaflets on short petioles. Fruits are dark and globose.
# Town & Country Transit

Town & Country Transit, officially registered as Mid-County Transit Authority, is the operator of mass transportation in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. Three local routes are provided in the Kittanning and Ford City areas. The agency does not serve the edges of suburban Pittsburgh that are contained in the southern fringes of the county.

## Routes

* 1 Ford City-Valley View-Manorville
* 2 Mall/Hospital
* 3 Lemon Way
# Longjiang station

Longjiang station (Chinese: 龙江站), is a station on Line 4 of the Nanjing Metro, named after the unofficial local name for the surrounding neighborhood. It is the western terminus of Phase I of Line 4, which opened on January 18, 2017, alongside seventeen other stations. On its first day of passenger service, Longjiang station carried 10,680 people, more than any of the other new stations that also opened that day. The station is oriented on an east–west axis, underneath the intersection of Lijiang Road and Caochangmen Street, and has a total of 9 exits.
Longjiang station will also be a transfer station for the planned Line 9 of the Nanjing Metro.
# Aitken Lectureship

The Aitken Lectureship is awarded by the New Zealand Mathematical Society to a research mathematician from New Zealand. The lectureship is named for New Zealander Professor Alexander Aitken, formerly of the University of Edinburgh. The lectureship was funded in 2009 by the London Mathematical Society and the New Zealand Mathematical Society, and is normally awarded every two years, alternating with the Forder Lectureship. Recipients of the lectureship will give a several-week lecturing tour of UK universities and a lecture at the annual meeting of the London society.

## Recipients

The recipients of the Aitken Lectureship are:
* 2011: Geoff Whittle
* 2013: Robert Mclachlan
* 2015: Steven Galbraith
* 2017: Hinke Osinga
* 2019: Bakh Khoussainov
* 2022: Lisa Orloff Clark
# List of things named after Irving Langmuir

Irving Langmuir (1881–1957), American chemist and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science, is the eponym of the topics listed below.

## Science

* Child–Langmuir law
* Hill–Langmuir equation
* Langmuir adsorption model
* Langmuir–Blodgett film
* Langmuir wave
* Langmuir–Blodgett trough
* Langmuir's examples
* Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics
* Langmuir isotherm
* Langmuir lattice
* Langmuir–McLean theory
* Langmuir monolayer
* Langmuir probe
** Dual segmented Langmuir probe
* Langmuir–Taylor detector
* Langmuir torch
* Langmuir turbulence
* Langmuir circulation
* Langmuir equation
* Langmuir wave
* Langmuir states
* Lewis–Langmuir theory
* Knudsen-Langmuir equation
* Saha–Langmuir equation

## Other

* Irving Langmuir House
* Langmuir (journal)
* Langmuir (crater)
* Langmuir (unit)
* Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research
* Irving Langmuir Award
* Langmuir Cove
* Langmuir Hall, Stony Brook University
# Latirus vischii

Latirus vischii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.
# Latsawn

Latsawn is a village in Hsawlaw Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
# Whatever Nevermind

Whatever Nevermind is a tribute album to Nirvana's 1991 second studio album, Nevermind, by various artists. The album was released by Robotic Empire for Record Store Day on April 18, 2015 in vinyl and digital formats. Robotic Empire previously released In Utero, in Tribute, in Entirety — a tribute to Nirvana's third and final studio album In Utero — for Record Store Day 2014. Whatever Nevermind also coincides with the label's 16th anniversary, and celebrates this fact by cataloging the album as the label's 116th release.
Robotic Empire streamed Circa Survive's cover of "Drain You" along with the album's announcement on March 25, 2015.

## Song information
### Drain You

Circa Survive guitarist Brendan Ekstrom commented on their cover, stating: "There are different ways to approach covering a band. For us, doing a Nirvana song takes us back to a very raw place that we were in when we were young and just falling in love with music. We didn't want to say 'here's what this song would've sounded like if Circa wrote it.' It was way more fun for us to live in their energy and pay homage to their influence by just rocking the shit out of it and keeping it raw."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Kurt Cobain, except where noted

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |