OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ernst Emil Alexander Back

Ernst Emil Alexander Back (October 21, 1881 – June 20, 1959) was a German physicist, born in Freiburg. He attended school in Strasbourg until 1900, and from 1902 until 1906 studied law in Strasbourg, Munich, and Berlin. He then worked in the legal profession in Alsace-Lorraine until 1909, afterwards taking leave to study physics in Tübingen. He retired from the legal profession in 1912, and earned his Ph.D. in 1913. His thesis, titled Zur Prestonschen Regel, was on the subject of what would later be called the Paschen-Back effect, and was named after Back and Friedrich Paschen.
Between 1914 and 1918 he served with the German Army during World War I. Following this conflict he became head of a Veifa-Werke laboratory in Frankfurt am Main, a company that produced electrical and X-ray equipment. In 1920 he left to become an assistant at the Physics Institute in Tübingen. He was promoted to professor in 1926 at Hohenheim University, and became a full professor in 1929. He remained at this post until 1936 when he returned to become a professor at Tübingen.
From 1926 to 1927 Samuel Abraham Goudsmit worked with Back to make the first measurement of nuclear spin and its Zeeman effect.
Back retired in 1948, and died in Munich over a decade later. The crater Back on the Moon is named in his memory.
# Kōsei Saitō

Kōsei Saitō (斎藤 光正, Saitō Kōsei, 17 July 1932 – 25 November 2012) was a Japanese film director. He is known for directing the film G.I. Samurai .

## Selected filmography
### Film

* Shayō no Omokage aka The Lonely Life (1967) (Fist work as a director)
* Sannin no Onna Yoru no Chō aka Night Butterflies (1967)
* Onna no Iji (1971)
* Akumaga kitarite fue wo fuku (1979)
* G.I. Samurai (1979)
* Ninja Wars (1982)
* Tsumiki Kuzushi (1983)
* Kizudarake no Kunshō (1986)

### Television

* Taiyō ni Hoero!
* Oretachino Tabi (1976)
* Lone Wolf and Cub (Second season)
* Choshichiro Edo Nikki (1983-1991)
* Unmeitōge (1993)
* Kumokiri Nizaemon (1995)
* Mito Kōmon series
* Sengoku Jieitai: Sekigahara no Tatakai (2006)
* Chushingura Sono Otoko Ōishi Kuranosuke (2010)
# Articulatory technique

Articulatory technique is a type of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) performed by osteopathic practitioners and U.S. trained osteopathic physicians. The physician uses low velocity and moderate to high amplitude forces to carry a dysfunctional joint through its full range of motion, with the therapeutic goal of increasing range of motion. It is a technique that involves repeatedly taking a restricted joint into and out of its barrier to reduce a restriction.
# Acronicta inclara

Acronicta inclara, the unclear dagger moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by John Bernhardt Smith in 1900. It is found in north-eastern North America.

## Subspecies

* Acronicta inclara inclara
* Acronicta inclara inconstans
# AMWS

AMWS may refer to:
* American Men and Women of Science, biographical dictionary
* Army Mountain Warfare School, United States Army school at Fort Benning, Vermont, United States
# Crime in Cambodia

Crime in Cambodia is present in various forms.

## Crime by type
### Corruption

The rate of corruption in Cambodia is high; one source goes on to describe the situation as "nothing less than obscene". Corruption is considered a large expense to the Cambodian government. The Cambodian police force is known to inappropriately use violence in certain cases. The misuse of ferocity has raised concerns from the Human Rights Watch. Petty crime is common, with tourist areas often targeted. This includes snatch theft and pick-pocketing. Perpetrators are usually stricken with poverty, and as a result are driven to steal from foreigners with the knowledge that they bring about a significant amount of money and other valuable items. Owing to the easy accessibility of arms, armed robbery also occurs.

### Fraud

Tens of thousands of Asians from different countries have been lured to casinos and resorts in Cambodia (but also Laos and Myanmar). These victimes would then be forced to work in illegal online-gambling or scamming outfits. These illegal operations are organised by ethnic-Chinese gangs that sometimes collaborate with local counterparts.

### Murder

In 2013, Cambodia had a homicide rate of 2.4 per 100,000 population.

### Prostitution

Prostitution is against the law in Cambodia, but still present and only growing. Le Thi Quy, a professor from the Women's Research Center, interviewed a handful of females in 1993 about prostitution; three quarters of the interviewees found being a prostitute to be a norm and a profession they felt was not shameful having. That same year, the professor estimated that there were some one hundred thousand sex workers in the country.

### Robbery

Petty crime is common, with tourist areas often targeted. This includes snatch theft and pick-pocketing. Perpetrators are usually stricken with poverty, and as a result are driven to steal from foreigners with the knowledge that they bring about a significant amount of money and other valuable items. Owing to the easy accessibility of arms, armed robbery also occurs.

### Sex trafficking

Cambodian citizens, primarily women and girls, have been sex trafficked within the country and throughout the world. They are threatened and forced into prostitution, marriages, and or pregnancies.

### Violence against women

In 2008, the national survey showed that over one quarter of women in Cambodia suffered from domestic violence. A 2013 UN report showed that 1 in 5 men in Cambodia between the ages of 18 and 49 had admitted that they had raped a woman. 15.8% of those who admitted to having committed a rape had done so when they were younger than 15 years old. “Bauk” is the term used in Cambodia for gang rape. More than double the men in Cambodia admitted to gang rape in comparison to India.
# LSA-Engines LSA850

The LSA-Engines LSA850 is a family of German aircraft engines, produced by LSA-Engines of Berlin for use in light-sport aircraft.

## Design and development

Introduced in 2015, the LSA850 series is based upon the Weber Motor MPE 850.
The LSA850 is a twin-cylinder four-stroke two-stroke, in-line, 850 cc (51.9 cu in) displacement, liquid-cooled, gasoline engine design, with a helical gear mechanical gearbox reduction drive with a reduction ratio of 3.33:1. It employs electronic ignition and has a compression ratio of 9:1.

## Variants
### LSA850-105

    Model with a power output of 105 hp (78 kW) at 7250 rpm

### LSA850-130

    Model with a power output of 130 hp (97 kW) at 7500 rpm

## Applications

* Carplane GmbH Carplane

## Specifications (LSA850-130)

Data from Tacke

### General characteristics

* Type: Twin cylinder, four-stroke aircraft engine
* Bore: 89 mm (3.5 in)
* Stroke: 68 mm (2.7 in)
* Displacement: 850 cc (51.9 cu in)
* Length: 562 mm (22.1 in)
* Width: 536 mm (21.1 in)
* Height: 482 mm (19.0 in)
* Dry weight: 85 kg (187.4 lb)

### Components

* Fuel type: gasoline
* Cooling system: liquid
* Reduction gear: helical gear mechanical gearbox

### Performance

* Power output: 130 hp (97 kW)
# Meghowal

Meghowal village, Doaba, Punjab is located near Mahilpur, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. The village has an elementary school, Sarkari Primary School, and a government-run regional high school. 3 kilometers away from Totumazara to east side.Pind Road, Meghowal, Punjab 146109, India

## Background

Megowal is a small village in the Hoshiarpur district of Punjab, India.
The village has a history dating to the 16th century.
- Megowal was founded by the Megh community, a group of people who migrated from the Punjab region. - The village was named after the Megh community, which was known for their bravery and martial skills. - During the Mughal era, Megowal was an important center for the production of swords and other weapons. - In the 18th century, the village was attacked by the Afghan invaders, but the Megh community bravely defended their land. - During the British colonial era, Megowal was a key center for the Indian independence movement. - Today, Megowal is a thriving village with a strong sense of community and a rich cultural heritage.
Gurudoare Sant Baba Bhai Ajeet Singh Ji situated in center of village.
# Ernst Enno

Ernst Enno (8 June [O.S. 27 May] 1875 – 7 March 1934) was an Estonian poet and writer.

## Life

Ernst Enno was born in Valguta, the son of the local Manor's coachman, Prits Enno. He spent his childhood on Soosaar farm in Valguta near Rõngu. At the age of eight, he attended the parish school of Lapetukme and then the prestigious Hugo Treffner Gymnasium and at the secondary school (Reaalkool) in Tartu. Enno studied business administration from 1896 to 1904 at the Riga Polytechnic Institute. During his Riga period he worked as a journalist. After studying Enno was briefly a general counsel at the credit union in Valga and in a trading company in Pärnu. 1902 to 1904 he was editor of the newspaper Postimees in Tartu and from 1923 to 1925 editor of the Estonian children's magazine Laste Rõõm, and on other magazines. In addition, he was employed from 1920 to 1934 as a training officer in Lääne County. In 1909, Enno married the artist Elfriede Olga Saul (died 1974 in exile in the UK). He died in Haapsalu.

## Work

The work of Ernst Enno is influenced by Buddhism and Western mysticism. Enno was in addition strongly bound to symbolism. The childhood spent in the countryside, the stories of his devout mother Ann Enno and his blind grandmother had a formative influence on his literary work. The home, the road and longing are recurring elements in his poetry.

## Published works

* Uued luuletused (collection of poems, 1909)
* Hallid laulud (collection of poems, 1910)
* Minu sõbrad (1910)
* Kadunud kodu (1920)
* Valge öö (collection of poems, 1920)
* Valitud värsid (anthology, 1937)
* Üks rohutirts läks kõndima (Children's book, 1957), compiled by Ellen Niit
* Väike luuleraamat (poetry, 1964)
* Rändaja õhtulaul (1998), compiled by Urmas Tõnisson
* Laps ja tuul (2000)
# First Parish Church (Brunswick, Maine)

The First Parish Church is an Open and Affirming congregation of the United Church of Christ. The church meetinghouse sits at 217 Maine Street in Brunswick, Maine. Built in 1845 to a design by Richard Upjohn, it is a unique example of Gothic Revival architecture done in wood, as the church was built with vertical board-and-batten paneling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. The congregation dates to 1717. The Senior Pastor is Rev. John Allen.

## Description and history

The First Parish Church occupies a prominent location on a rise between downtown Brunswick and the Bowdoin College campus, which lies directly to its south. It is a single-story wood frame structure, whose Gothic Revival features include a buttressed tower, lancet-arched openings for doors and windows, and vertical board-and-batten siding. It originally had a spire, which was blown off in a storm in 1866 and not replaced.
The church congregation was founded in 1717, for which this is the fourth church. It was built, on the site of the third church, in 1846 by the labor of the congregation, to a design by the noted American architect Richard Upjohn. Funding was provided in part by Bowdoin College, and it has been used by the college for commencement exercises and other activities. The attached vestry was built in 1883.
On May 2, 1851, American author Harriet Beecher Stowe had a vision while sitting in pew 23 of the church wherein she saw an enslaved man wounded from a beating he endured from his enslaver. The incident inspired her book Uncle Tom's Cabin. After years in disrepair, the church underwent extensive restoration, which was completed in 2004; the restoration earned the church a Maine Preservation Honor Award in 2006.

## Past Ministers

* James Woodside (1718-1719)
* Isaac Taylor (1721-1722)
* Robert Rutherford (1735-1742)
* Robert Dunlap (1747-1760)
* John Miller (1762-1789)
* Ebenezer Coffin (1794-1802)
* Winthrop Bailey (1811-1814)
* Asa Mead (1822-1829)
* George Eliashib Adams (1829-1870)
* Ezra Hoyt Byington (1871-1879)
* William Phones Fisher (1879-1889)
* Edward Beecher Mason (1890-1902)
* Herbert Atchinson Jump (1903-1909)
* John Hastings Quint (1909-1913)
* Chauncey William Goodrich (1913-1917)
* Thompson Eldridge Ashby (1917-1951)
* John Arthur Samuelson (1951-1958)
* Horace Martin McMullen (1959-1962)
* William Brotherton Davis (1962-1966)
* John Harry Wild (1967-1984)
* William Carl Imes (1985-2001)
* Larry Robert Kalajainen (2004-2008)
* Mary Eileen Begley Baard (2009-2021)
# Articulavirales

Articulavirales is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses which infect invertebrates and vertebrates. It includes the family of influenza viruses which infect humans. It is the only order of viruses in the monotypic class Insthoviricetes. The order contains two families and eight genera. Metatranscriptomics of aquatic animal samples paired with phylogenetics suggests that Articulavirales exhibits complex cross-species virus transmission and virus-host co-divergence over deep evolutionary time scales. Potentially originating in ancient aquatic animals at least 600 Mya.

## Etymology

The order name Articulavirales derives from Latin articulata meaning "segmented" (alluding to the segmented genome of member viruses) added to the suffix for virus orders -virales. The class name Insthoviricetes is a portmanteau of member viruses "influenza, isavirus, and thogotovirus" added to the suffix -viricetes for virus classes.

## Genome

Member viruses have segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes.

## Classification

The order Articulavirales contains two families and eight genera:
* Amnoonviridae
** Tilapinevirus
* Orthomyxoviridae
** Alphainfluenzavirus
** Betainfluenzavirus
** Deltainfluenzavirus
** Gammainfluenzavirus
** Isavirus
** Quaranjavirus
** Thogotovirus
# A Pop Song Saved My Life

"A Pop Song Saved My Life" is a song by Australian band Lo-Tel. It was released in September 2000 as the third single from the band's debut studio album Planet of the Stereos. The song peaked at number 75 in Australia.

## Track listing

CD single (MATTCD107)
* "A Pop Song Saved My Life" - 3:35
* "Replaced By Vinyl" -3:52
* "www.writersblock.com" - 3:32
* "Teenager of the Year" (acoustic version) - 4:36
* "Teenager of the Year" (video clip) - 4:21

## Charts

Chart performance for "A Pop Song Saved My Life" :
| Chart (2000) | Peak position |
| Australia (ARIA) | 75 |
# Gilhooly

Gilhooley, Gilhoolie or Gilhooly may refer to:

## Gilhooley

* Frank Gilhooley (1892-1959), American baseball player
* Maria Gilhooley, singer
* Ray Gilhooley (1887-1973), American racecar driver

## Gilhooly

* Brenda Gilhooly (born 1964), English comedian
* David Gilhooly (1943–2013), American ceramic artist
* James Gilhooly (1847-1916), Irish Nationalist politician
# Gastroesophageal varices

Gastroesophageal varices may refer to:
* Esophageal varices, dilated sub-mucosal veins in esophagus
* Gastric varices, dilated submucosal veins in the stomach
# Davichthys

Davichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish related to modern ladyfish. It is known from the Late Cretaceous of southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. It is one of the earliest known elopids.

## Taxonomy

The following species are known:
* †D. dubius (Davis, 1887) - Late Santonian of Lebanon (Sahel Alma) (=Osmeroides dubius Davis, 1887)
* †D. gardneri Forey, 1973 - Late Cenomanian of Lebanon (Sannine Formation)
* †D. lacostei (Arambourg, 1954) - Late Cenomanian of Italy (Scaglia Variegata Alpina Formation, Scaglia Bianca Formation) including Sicily (Argille Varicolori Formation), and Morocco (Jbel Tselfat) (=Holcolepis lacostei Arambourg, 1954)

## Description

This fish was usually less than 15 centimeters long, and its appearance must have been very similar to that of the modern Elops . Like the latter, Davichthys had an elongated body with an oval cross-section, slightly flattened laterally. The eyes were rather large, while the mouth had robust jaws. The dorsal fin and the anal fin were rather small; the ventral fins were inserted far back, under the dorsal. The pectoral fins were placed low on the body. The caudal fin was very broad and strongly forked.
# L'Unione Italiana

L'Unione Italiana, (also known as The Italian Club), is a historic social society in Tampa's Ybor City neighborhood. The group's building was designed by Tampa architect M. Leo Elliott. It is located at 1731 East Seventh Avenue.

## History

Originally founded as a mutual-aid society for Italian members in 1894 predominantly serving Italian immigrants, membership in the Italian Club grew from 107 members at founding to over 3,000 members by 1935. The society's first president was Bartolomeo Filogamo. The original building, built in 1911, burned down in 1914. An entirely new building was constructed on East 7th Avenue in Tampa's Ybor City, completed in 1918 and is still standing. Club membership entitled members to health insurance, including sick and death benefits for members. The club owned a cemetery and instituted Sicilian burial customs, and imported cypress trees and also featured headstones with photos and Italian and Sicilian scripts. The club building also served as a community and social space for its members, where the men would often play games, drink, read, and watch live performances.
In the 1930s and 1940s, the Italian Club also housed a movie theater called the Broadway Theatre.
Santo Trafficante Sr. was a member of L'Unione Italiana, and he was buried in L'Unione Italiana Cemetery, which the Italian Club purchased and dedicated at its founding in 1894.
On December 9, 2018 the Italian Club celebrated the 100th anniversary of the building.
On November 5, 2022, former Italian Club president Jamie Granell was awarded the Palo Longo Award; the award highlights an individual’s commitment to spend their lives perpetuating Italian traditions and heritage and helping pass down those traditions for future generations.
The building today is often rented out for private events.

## Architecture

The Italian Club building was built in a Renaissance Revival style. It features Corinthian columns and decorative marble elements. It stands three-stories tall and like many other buildings in Ybor City, utilizes redbrick construction. The third floor has small balconies with railings. The building featured a cantina, bowling alley, library, dance floor, a theatre, and other recreational spaces.

## Festa Italiana

Held each spring within weeks of Easter Sunday, Festa Italiana is a weekend of events, wine tastings, bocce ball tournaments, and celebrations celebrating Italian culture and heritage in Tampa Bay.
# Frances Elliott Mann Hall

Frances Elliott Mann Hall (October 6, 1853 – February 6, 1935) was an American educator, school administrator, and one of the five founders of Sigma Kappa sorority. She opened and operated the Hall-Noyes School in Washington, D.C.

## Early life

Frances Elliott Mann was born on October 6, 1853, in Yarmouth, Maine. She was a high school teacher in Rockport, Massachusetts. She felt she needed better professional training and enrolled in Colby College when she was in her early twenties. Colby College was the first New England college to admit women along with men. While at Colby, Mann was a founder of the Sigma Kappa sorority. However, she had to leave college in her junior year because of astigmatic headaches.

## Sigma Kappa

Mary Caffrey Low was the first female student at Colby College. After two years, she was joined by four other women, including Frances Elliott Mann. Being the only female students in the college, the five found themselves together frequently. In 1873–74, the five students decided to form a literary and social society. The college administration instructed them that they would need to present a constitution and bylaws with a petition requesting permission to form Sigma Kappa Sorority. They began work during that year and on November 9, 1874, the five young women received a letter from the faculty approving their petition.
Hall continued to be active with the sorority. She attended the 4th national convention of Sigma Kappa in Waterville, Maine in 1924. She attended the 1928 Sigma Kappa Convention in Washington, D.C. and the Saranac Convention in 1933.

## Career

Hall taught Latin at the Central High School in Washington, D.C. for 40 years. She worked with her husband who was also a teacher. Starting around 1904, she ran the Hall-Noyes School, a private school that prepared youths and adults for college and entrance exams for civil service, the United States Military Academy, and the United States Naval Academy. The school operated until the mid-1920s.

## Personal life

Mann married George Washington Hall, another Colby student.
She was a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. After her husband died, she replaced him as president of The Maine Association of Washington, D.C., also known as the Maine Society. This was a club for individuals from the state of Maine.
She died on February 6, 1935, in the Emergency Hospital in Washington, D.C. Reportedly, her last message before her death was, "Take my love to all the chapters. God bless them." She was buried in the Ledge Cemetery in Yarmouth, Maine.
The George Washington University chapter and Vanderbilt chapter of Sigma Kappa each held a memorial service to eulogize Hall.
# Arthrostylidium ekmanii

Arthrostylidium ekmanii is an Arthrostylidium species of bamboo native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.
# Watts Bank

Watts Bank is a 1.9-hectare (4.7-acre) nature reserve south of Lambourn in Berkshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. It is designated a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest as White Shute.
Watts Bank is a small chalk grassland bank. It has had over 30 butterfly species recorded.

## Fauna

The site has the following fauna:

### Butterflies

* Aricia agestis, brown argus
* Callophrys rubi, green hairstreak
* Melanargia galathea, marbled white
* Lycaena phlaeas, small copper

## Flora

The site has the following flora:

### Plants

* Gentianella amarella
* Dactylorhiza fuchsii
* Primula veris
* Succisa pratensis
* Linum catharticum
* Anthyllis vulneraria
# A Tribute to Fats Waller

A Tribute to Fats Waller is a solo album by pianist Jay McShann that was recorded in 1978 and first released by the Canadian Sackville label as an LP before being reissued on the compilation CD Solos & Duets.

## Reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
AllMusic's Scott Yanow noted "Jay McShann does not sound at all like Fats Waller, but he is effective during this set of unaccompanied piano solos (no vocals) in bringing back to life nine of Waller's tunes, in his own way. A more blues-based improviser than Waller, with a sparser left hand (swing rather than stride), McShann is in spirited form".

## Track listing

* "Honeysuckle Rose" (Fats Waller, Andy Razaf) – 4:55
* "Keepin' Out of Mischief Now" (Waller, Razaf) – 3:58
* "Then I'll Be Tired of You" (Arthur Schwartz, Yip Harburg) – 4:30
* "Ain't Misbehavin'" (Waller, Razaf, Harry Brooks) – 5:15
* "All My Life" (Sam H. Stept, Sidney D. Mitchell) – 5:07
* "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" (Fred E. Ahlert, Joe Young) – 5:27
* "I Ain't Got Nobody" (Spencer Williams, Roger A. Graham) – 3:58
* "Squeeze Me" (Waller, Clarence Wiliams) – 4:55
* "Lulu's Back In Town" (Harry Warren, Al Dubin) – 3:55

## Personnel

* Jay McShann – piano