OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Allen Ballard

Allen B. Ballard (also known as Allen Butler Ballard, Jr.) has been a writer of both fiction and non-fiction books, a government professor at the City College of New York (1961-1986) and then a history professor at the University at Albany, SUNY, where he is now Professor Emeritus and A Collins Fellow.
A civil rights pioneer throughout his academic career, Ballard was one of the first African American students at Kenyon College and he was the first African American Assistant Dean (1966–1967) and Associate Dean (1967–1969) at the City College of New York and the first African American Associate Dean at the City University of New York (1969–1974).

## Early life

Born on November 1, 1930, in Philadelphia, Ballard was raised in Philadelphia. He graduated from Central High School and became one of the first two African American students (with Stanley Jackson) at Kenyon College in 1948. In 1973, Ballard wrote of his struggle to integrate Kenyon:
   "We were, in fact, forced to suppress our natural inner selves.... For eighteen hours a day our manners, speech, style, and walking were on trial before white America....Social life revolved around fraternities from which we were automatically excluded. The cumulative toll, both physically and academically, was heavy."
After graduating from Kenyon in 1952 and then serving in the Army, including a tour at Supreme Allied Headquarters in Paris, Ballard enrolled in Harvard University's Soviet Union Regional Studies Program in 1955 as only its second Black student. In 1961, Ballard completed his doctoral dissertation and earned his Ph.D.

## Leading the SEEK program

Ballard, together with Psychologist Leslie Berger, was a principal founder of the City University SEEK Program, an affirmative action admissions, teaching, and student support program that launched at City College as a pilot program in 1965 with 113 students. In July 1966, State Assembly members Percy Sutton and Shirley Chisholm led the fight to secure SEEK one million dollars in New York State funding to expand across the City University of New York's four-year colleges. In October 1966, Ballard was appointed to be the first African American Assistant Dean at City College. Although SEEK (Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge) was officially designated as an anti-poverty program, it quickly ended racial exclusion in CUNY admissions. In the Fall of 1967, 94% of all SEEK students were Black or Puerto-Rican. By the Fall of 1968, SEEK had grown to support over active 1800 students across CUNY, with an annual budget of $3.5 million. Close to 40% of the 1965–1967 City College SEEK students graduated by 1972.

## Selected bibliography

* The Education of Black Folk: The Afro-American Struggle For Knowledge in White America. (non-fiction) (1973) New York: Harper & Row, 1973.
* One More Day’s Journey: The Story of a Family and a People. (nonfiction), McGraw, 1984.
* Where I’m Bound. (novel), Simon & Schuster, 2000.
* Breaching Jericho's Walls: A Twentieth Century African American Life. (non-fiction) Albany: SUNY, 2011.
# Alan S. Rau

Alan S. Rau is an American lawyer, previously the Mark G. and Judy G. Yudof Chair in Law at University of Texas School of Law, and also previously a Distinguished Professor at Queen Mary University of London and the Fred Paulus Chair in Public Policy and at Willamette University College.
# Mannalamkunnu

Mannalamkunnu (Mandalamkunnu, മന്ദലാംകുന്ന്) is a beach located in Thrissur district, in the western coastal area of the state of Kerala, India.
It is located in Punnayur Panchayath. It is a tourist destination in Thrissur district. Punnayurkulam the birthplace to many award-winning writers Nalappat Narayana Menon, Nalappatt Balamani Amma and Kamala Das to name the few. about 3 km away.
It hosts an annual festival called the Mannalamkunnu Beach Festival. The beach lies about 10 km away from Chavakkad and it is approximately 40 km away from Thrissur. The pin code of this beach is 680518.
The beach also has a children's park which was inaugurated in 2020. Mandalamkunnu beach vikasana samithi care takes the beach and its amenities.
# MMAB

Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMAB gene.

## Function

This gene encodes an enzyme (cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase) that catalyzes the final step in the conversion of vitamin B$_{12}$ into adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), a vitamin B$_{12}$-containing coenzyme for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.

## Clinical significance

Mutations in the gene are the cause of vitamin B$_{12}$-dependent methylmalonic aciduria linked to the cblB complementation group.
# Davis DA-1

The Davis DA-1 was a light aircraft designed in the United States in the 1950s which never progressed beyond the prototype stage. Davis tried to bring the plane to market as a certified aircraft (his goal was a selling price of under $10,000), but was not successful.

## Design and development

Davis constructed his DA-1 starting on 24 April 1957. It was a strut-braced high-wing single-engine all-aluminum airplane designed around the new Lycoming O-360 engine. The fixed-nosegear-equipped piston-engine DA-1 was of otherwise conventional configuration, but its V-tail was similar to that of the contemporary Beechcraft Bonanza, whose high cruise speed was attributed partly to its use of that empennage type.
Wings and tail surfaces of the DA-1 used external heat treated ribs; those surfaces were non-tapered (i.e. of constant chord).
Power for the DA-1 was a horizontally-opposed Lycoming O-360 of 180 hp (134 kW), which gave a top speed of 125 mph (201 km/h).

## Operational history

Initial test flights showed that there was not enough elevator authority with full flaps, and the plane was very loud. Soundproofing, and aerodynamic modifications were applied.

## Specifications

Data from Sport Aviation
General characteristics
* Crew: One pilot
* Capacity: 4 passengers
* Length: 22 ft 3 in (6.78 m)
* Wingspan: 32 ft 0 in (9.76 m)
* Wing area: 167 sq ft (15.5 m$^2$)
* Empty weight: 1,200 lb (545 kg)
* Gross weight: 2,370 lb (1,080 kg)
* Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-360 , 180 hp (134 kW)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn)
* Range: 475 mi (764 km, 413 nmi)
# Bantu Educational Kinema Experiment

The Bantu Educational Kinema Experiment (BEKE) was a project of the International Missionary Council in coordination with the Carnegie Corporation of New York and British colonial governments of Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in the mid-1930s. The project involved educational films played by mobile cinemas to educate the black ("bantu") people. About 35 such films, on 16mm, were produced between 1935 and 1937, when the Carnegie grant expired. The project was led by J. Merle Davis, director of the International Missionary Council's Department of Social and Industrial Research; George Chitty Latham, former head of Northern Rhodesia's Education Department; and Major Leslie Allen Notcutt, a former plantation manager in Kenya.
BEKE productions were low-quality silent films with naive plots that usually involved a "wise guy" (giving the good example) prevailing over a "stupid guy" (impersonating bad habits). While some actors were black, everything else in the production was British, building on a stereotypical representation of Africa and Africans. The main teachings conveyed by the films were about hygiene, methods of cash crop cultivation and cooperative marketing; others were "prestige films" that highlighted the institutions of British rule. Only three BEKE films survive, and are held at the British Film Institute Archives:
* "Veterinary Training of African Natives" (1936),
* "Tropical Hookworm" (1936), and
* "African Peasant Farms - the Kingolwira Experiment" (1936).
# Ernst Articus

Ernst Articus (16 October 1876 – 25 July 1947) was a German lawyer and civil servant.

## Early life

Ernst Articus was born on 16 October 1876 in Berlin. He became a lawyer, and in 1904 was appointed a court assessor. In 1905 he became a government assessor for the Prussian agricultural management office. In 1911 he became a councilor in the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture, and in 1914 director of the Eigene Scholle state company for Brandenburg Land Management. After 1915 he was appointed lecturer and adviser in the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture.
In 1918 Articus was made president of the Higher Regional Court of Culture, and in 1920 Assistant Secretary in the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. From 1920 to 1929 he was the deputy commissioner of the State of Prussia in the Reichsrat. From 1929 to 1944 Articus was president of the Reich Debt Commission (Reichsschuldenverwaltung) where he replaced Carl Halle. In 1945 he was replaced by Oskar Georg Fischbach.
Articus died on 25 July 1947 His death is registered at the civil registry office in Berlin-Zehlendorf Nr. 1476/1947.
# Uga (Lanzarote)

Uga (pronounced ew-gah) is a small wine-producing village in Yaiza municipality in the province of Las Palmas, southern Lanzarote, off the coast of Africa. As of 2016 its population is 998, and nearby cities include Puerto del Carmen, Tías, and Playa Blanca. The closest airport is Lanzarote's official airport, also known as Arrecife airport.
The houses in Uga are small and white, with the largest building in the area being its church.

## Tourism

Hotels and restaurants are available in the village. Camel rides are offered through the lava fields to the Camel Park. Dromedaries are bred there, which take visitors from there to Timanfaya National Park and on safari tours in other areas of the island. Another tourist attraction in Uga is a set of three large camel sculptures recently created by Paco Curbelo.
# Graddonidiscus

Graddonidiscus is a genus of fungi within the Hyaloscyphaceae family. The genus contains 3 species.
# Allen Banks & Staward Gorge

Allen Banks & Staward Gorge is a 194-acre National Trust property in the English county of Northumberland.
It is a Victorian garden in a gorge of the River Allen cutting through woodland. The ruins of Staward Peel, a medieval peel tower, stand on a promontory above the gorge. The property has been designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its rich flora and fauna. There is a large suspension bridge which has been ruined by the flooding of January 2005.
# Alba Township

Alba Township may refer to the following townships in the United States:
* Alba Township, Illinois
* Alba Township, Minnesota
# AKAP1

A kinase anchor protein 1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKAP1 gene.

## Function

The A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAPs) are a group of structurally diverse proteins that have the common function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. This gene encodes a member of the AKAP family. The encoded protein binds to type I and type II regulatory subunits of PKA and anchors them to the mitochondrion. This protein is speculated to be involved in the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway and in directing RNA to a specific cellular compartment.

## Interactions

AKAP1 has been shown to interact with:
* C3orf15,
* MYCBP,
* PRKAR1A,
* PRKAR1B, and
* PRKAR2A.
# M.B. December 21, 1984

M.B. December 21, 1984 is a live album by Slovenian industrial pioneers Laibach. The album was recorded on 21 December 1984 at Malči Belič Hall in Ljubljana, Slovenia and on 26 April 1985 at Kulušić in Zagreb, Croatia, both then part of the former Yugoslavia. It was released in 1997 by The Grey Area, a sublabel of Mute Records.
The part of the album recorded in Ljubljana was taken from a concert dedicated to the deceased former member Tomaž Hostnik. It was held in secret due to the band being banned from using the name Laibach.

## Track listing

All tracks written and performed by Laibach, except #7, written and performed by Josip Broz Tito
* Sodba Veka (The Judgement Of The Century)
* Ti, Ki Izzivas (You, Who Are Challenging)
* Sila/Dokumenti (The Force/Documents)
* Sredi Bojev (In The Midst Of Struggles)
* Nova Akropola (The New Acropolis)
* Dokumenti II (Documents II)
* Tito
* Dokumenti III (Documents III)
* Dokumenti IV (Documents IV)
# David Thomas Pugh

David Pugh OBE (13 July 1943 – 1 August 2022) was a British marine scientist and academic. He founded the Global Sea Level Observing System, was President of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Director of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level, and emeritus fellow of the UK National Oceanography Centre.

## Biography

Born in Liverpool, England, in 1943 to Welsh parents, Pugh was brought up in Trefnanney, Wales. He achieved his doctor of philosophy degree from Churchill College, Cambridge in 1968, with his doctoral thesis entitled "The Thermal Environment of the Deep-Sea Floor".
Following graduation one of his first positions was in 1969 when Pugh joined what came to be called the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, at Bidston Observatory in the Wirral. His work focused on sea level science and as part of this he invented a new class of tide gauge, called a "bubbler", which remains in use to this day in the United Kingdom. In 1984 Pugh was appointed as Head of Oceanography, Hydrology and Meteorology for the UK Natural Environment Research Council.
Along with American oceanographer Klaus Wyrtki, Pugh proposed and established the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), a program of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission including real-time tsunami detection and contributing data to the global Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) repository. He was the first Chair of GLOSS from its 1985 establishment, and also served as Director of the PSMSL. Pugh went on to become Chair of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission from 2003 to 2007.
Pugh published over 50 academic works and articles during his career. His 1987 book, "Tides, Surges and Mean Sea Level—A handbook for engineers and scientists", has been reported as "used by an enormous number of researchers and students", and received positive reviews as a valuable reference work. Following retirement Pugh continued to undertake research into tides and sea level, and was emeritus fellow of the National Oceanography Centre. Pugh died on 1 August 2022. He is survived by his wife, Carole, and son Gareth.

## Awards and honours

Pugh was awarded an OBE in the 2003 Birthday Honours for services to Marine Sciences as Secretary of the Inter-Agency Committee on Marine Science and Technology.

## Selected works

* Pugh, David (1987). Tides, surges and mean sea-level: a handbook for engineers and scientists (PDF). Wiley. ISBN 9780471915058.
* Pugh, David (2004). Changing Sea Levels Effects of Tides, Weather and Climate. Cambridge University Press. p. 265. ISBN 9780521532181.
* Pugh, David; Woodworth, Philip (2014). Sea-level science : understanding tides, surges tsunamis and mean sea-level changes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107028197.
# Bank Street–Old Decatur Historic District

The Bank Street–Old Decatur Historic District is a historic district in Decatur, Alabama. The district encompasses the original commercial and residential portion of Decatur along the Tennessee River. In 1832, Decatur was selected over the larger Huntsville as the site of the northern branch of the state bank. Bank Street became the commercial hub of the town, as it was the only place in the Tennessee Valley were riverboat, wagon, and rail transportation converged. Due to its strategic location, the town suffered heavy damage in the Civil War; the Todd House on Lafayette Street is one of only four buildings in Decatur to survive the war (the others being the Old State Bank, the Rhea-McEntire House, and the Dancy-Polk House, all outside the district). As the town was rebuilding from the war, a fire in 1877 destroyed most of the buildings along Bank Street. The rebuilt structures were all of brick, and represent Italianate, Victorian, and Commercial styles popular from the late 19th to the early 20th centuries. Houses in the district are primarily modest, and styles include vernacular Victorian, Shingle-style, and Craftsman bungalows.
The portion along Bank Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, while the remainder, including all of the residential portion, was added to the district in 1985.
# Sossêgo, Paraíba

Sossêgo, Paraíba is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
# Todd Township, Pennsylvania

Todd Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:
* Todd Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania
* Todd Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
# Covrurah

Covrurah (also, Çovurah) is a village in the municipality of Çuxurəzəmi in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan.
# Daniel Foster

Daniel Foster may refer to:
* Danny Foster (footballer) (born 1984), English footballer
* Daniel Foster (Australian footballer) (born 1982), former Australian rules footballer
* Danny Foster (musician) (born 1979), English pop/soul singer and television personality
* Dan Foster (DJ) (1958–2020), American DJ based in Nigeria
* Dan Foster (politician) (born 1948), Democratic member of the West Virginia Senate
* Dan Foster (physician) (1930–2018), American physician
* Daniel Foster (rugby league) (born 1993), Tongan international
# Alba Township, Jackson County, Minnesota

Alba Township is a township in Jackson County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 200 at the 2000 census.

## History

Alba Township was organized in 1872, and named for the Latin word meaning "white".

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.3 square miles (91 km$^2$), of which 35.3 square miles (91 km$^2$) is land and 0.03% is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 200 people, 77 households, and 58 families residing in the township. The population density was 5.7 people per square mile (2.2/km$^2$). There were 85 housing units at an average density of 2.4/sq mi (0.9/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 97.50% White, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.00% of the population.
There were 77 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 2.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.4% were non-families. 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $25,179, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $16,250 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,699. About 9.1% of families and 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those sixty five or over.

## Politics

Alba Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Alba Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22B, represented by Republican Rod Hamilton.
# Mansfield Building Society

The Mansfield Building Society is a UK building society, which has its headquarters in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. It is a member of the Building Societies Association.
# Stilifer utinomi

Stilifer utinomi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Stilifer.
# Merlynston Creek

Merlynston Creek is a tributary of Merri Creek in Melbourne's northern suburbs, in Victoria, Australia.
The creek originates in an industrial area in the National Boulevard Reserve, north of Upfield railway station in the north of Campbellfield in the City of Hume.
The creek travels about 11 kilometres from Campbellfield, through the suburbs of Coolaroo, Dallas, Broadmeadows, Glenroy, Hadfield, Fawkner, and Coburg North to its confluence with the Merri Creek above Coburg Lake. Campbellfield Creek joins Merlynston Creek as it passes through Fawkner Cemetery.
The Creek passes through Jack Roper Reserve, a picturesque lake and Melbourne Water flood mitigation retention basin, and one of City of Hume's most popular family parks. The retarding basin was constructed in 1964 to create the lake with a storage volume of 382 million litres. The operating range of the retarding basin (height to the spillway) is 10 metres.
Jack Roper Reserve is one of three flood mitigation basins in the creek's urban catchment. The other two are flood Detention basins: Army Basin, named after the nearby Maygar Barracks, and Box Forest mitigation basin located between the Northern Memorial Park and Box Forest Road.
According to the City of Merri-bek stormwater management plan, Merlynston Creek length is 43 percent piped or an open concrete channel, 27 percent has major modifications, and only 30 percent of the stream is relatively unmodified.
The creek passes through and is a major feature of the Northern Memorial Park and Fawkner Crematorium and Memorial Park, both run by the Greater Metropolitan Cemeteries Trust.
The Creek has been diverted into underground pipes slightly north of Boundary Road as it leaves the cemetery, making its way southeast towards Merri Creek underneath the Merlynston locality and Coburg North. Increased urban consolidation has added to 100-year flash flooding risk along the course of Merlynston Creek, according to the State Emergency Service(SES). The State Emergency Services says flooding has occurred along the creek path through North Coburg historically in 1891, 1916, 1934, 1954, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1989, 2003, and 2011.
# The Fruit Bowl

The Fruit Bowl is an early 20th century drawing by Juan Gris. The work was produced as part of a collaboration between Gris and Pierre Reverdy to commission a book filled with lithographs made from the former's paintings. The project was interrupted by the onset of World War I in 1914 and never finished. Reverdy composed a poem titled The Fruit Bowl to accompany the painting. Gris' work is currently in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
This piece belongs to the movement of Synthetic Cubism, where pioneers like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque began to find new ways to expand the genre of painting, the most important of these being the development of collage. The idea that commonplace items like paper could be elevated to the level of high art was foundational in the progression of these forms.
# Legends of the Wild West

Legends of the Wild West is a walkthrough attraction located in Frontierland in Disneyland Paris. It opened in 1993, and features wax characters from the American Far-West, and even famous "Legends".

## Summary

The attraction takes place in a Civil War-inspired fort, known as Fort Comstock, located at the entrance of Thunder Mesa (the fictional city portrayed in Frontierland). Guests are led to the upper floor, where the following wax figures are visible:
* The Forty-Niner, who has just found golden nuggets during the Gold Rush.
* The Thug, snoring in prison, waiting for a jailbreak.
* The Sheriff in his office, full of Wanted posters. He is getting ready for his next shootout.
* Davy Crockett, here seen shooting another man.
* Buffalo Bill in his home, preparing his Wild West Show with two other men.
* Originally, the walkthrough ended in a remote area featuring Indian tepees. There, guests could meet cast Native Americans. Later, this part was closed, but it is still visible.