OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Crownshaft

An elongated circumferential leaf base formation present on some species of palm is called a crownshaft.
The leaf bases of some pinnate leaved palms (most notable being Roystonea regia or the royal palm but also including the genera Areca, Wodyetia and Pinanga) form a sheath at the top of the trunk surrounding the bud where all the subsequent leaves are formed.
The crownshaft takes the form of a column above the main trunk and beneath the main crown of leaves and is nothing but the collection of the leaf bases of the plant, all tightly wrapped around one another. It is usually green in color but may be a different color from that of the leaves themselves, including white, blue, red, brownish or orange. Each layer of the crownshaft is a distinct leaf base and is usually made of a tough fibrous material with a feel similar to leather and in many parts of the world, it is cured and used to prepare covers, sheets and roofing material. The leaf base of some palms is also used to extract coir.
The oldest leaf forms the outermost layer of the crownshaft. Eventually the lowest palm frond dies back, the outer layer of the crownshaft splits, the leaf unwraps and pulls away from the trunk exposing the new crownshaft surface. In time the old leaf separates at the base and falls away leaving the distinct rings and ridges of the leafbase scars seen on the trunks of many species of palm. These scars usually fade over time and the distance between two successive scars is an approximate indicator of the speed of growth of the palm. In tropical conditions when growing conditions are good, the palm grows faster and the gap between scars is large; conversely when growing conditions are not optimum, plant growth is slow and the gaps are narrower. Juveniles and younger palms usually grow faster than adults; this is demonstrated by the larger gaps between scars at the base as compared to the top.
In some species of palm the shaft is fairly indistinct because the leaf bases are not wrapped around each other very tightly, and the shaft becomes extended and “loose.”
Some palm species do not form a shaft until past the juvenile stage.

## Gallery

* Crownshaft on a mature royal palm
* Crownshaft on a royal palm, Dominican Republic
# Artesian, Iowa

Artesian is an unincorporated community in Bremer County, in the U.S. state of Iowa.

## History

St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Artesian was established in 1871. The Moeller General Store in Artesian was founded in 1900 by Fred F. Moeller and was torn down in the 1980s due to a shoulder-widening project on US Highway 63.
The community's population was 13 in 1900, and 10 in 1920. The population was 10 in 1940.
# Ctenoplusia accentifera

Ctenoplusia accentifera is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in South-Western Europe, Greece, Africa, the Near East and Asia Minor.

## Technical description and variation

P. accentifera Lef Forewing dull pinkish grey dusted with darker, and with irregular olive brown patches; lines pale; inconspicuous; the inner oblique outwards to median vein, then waved inwards, followed by brown patches; outer line lunulate, between two brown shades, interrupted below middle by a large brown blotch; a brown blotch from apex, a triangular one below middle of termen, and some small patches along subterminal line, which bears a black white-edged tooth between veins 2 and 3; the mark below median inconspicuous, yellowish grey, laterally finely edged with silvery, oblique and parallel; hindwing brownish, with dark outer line and broad smoky fuscous border. Larva green, with white dorsal and double white subdorsal lines; spiracular white, less conspicuous in front, yellower behind; tubercles black with long hairs. The wingspan is about 25 mm.

## Biology

The larvae feed on Mentha, Coleus and Cichorium species.
# 2007 Primera B de Chile

The 2007 Primera B de Chile was the 57th completed season of the Primera B de Chile.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| 1 | Provincial Osorno (C) | 40 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 50 | 41 | +9 | 64 | Champion Promoted to 2008 Primera División de Chile season |
| 2 | Rangers | 40 | 18 | 12 | 10 | 52 | 36 | +16 | 63 | Promoted to 2008 Primera División de Chile season |
| 3 | Santiago Morning | 40 | 16 | 15 | 9 | 54 | 44 | +10 | 63 | Category's Promotion Playoffs |
| 4 | Deportes Copiapó | 40 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 53 | 33 | +20 | 60 | Category's Promotion Playoffs |
| 5 | Unión La Calera | 40 | 16 | 9 | 15 | 49 | 42 | +7 | 57 | |
| 6 | San Luis Quillota | 40 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 57 | 54 | +3 | 55 | |
| 7 | Municipal Iquique | 40 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 33 | 41 | −8 | 51 | |
| 8 | Unión San Felipe | 40 | 10 | 14 | 16 | 40 | 47 | −7 | 44 | |
| 9 | Curicó Unido | 40 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 34 | 44 | −10 | 44 | |
| 10 | Fernández Vial | 40 | 13 | 8 | 19 | 31 | 47 | −16 | 44 | |
| 11 | Deportivo Temuco | 40 | 10 | 9 | 21 | 31 | 55 | −24 | 39 | Relegated to Tercera División |
* 1 2 3 points deducted for not paying players on time
* ↑ 5 points deducted for using ineligible players
# Crutwell, Saskatchewan

Crutwell is an organized hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

## Geography

It is located in the Rural Municipality of Shellbrook No. 493.

## Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Crutwell had a population of 77 living in 24 of its 26 total private dwellings, a change of 35.1% from its 2016 population of 57. With a land area of 0.09 km$^2$ (0.035 sq mi), it had a population density of 855.6/km$^2$ (2,215.9/sq mi) in 2021.
# Cruwys (disambiguation)

Cruwys may refer to:

## People

* Cruwys, list of people with this surname

## Places

* Cruwys Morchard, a parish in Mid Devon Local authority area, England, which takes its name from the Cruwys family
* Anstey Cruwys, the old name for East Anstey, a village and parish in Devon, England, which was formerly held by the Cruwys family
# Arturo Cepeda

José Arturo Cepeda Escobedo (May 15, 1969) is a Mexican-American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Detroit in Michigan since 2011.

## Biography
### Early life

Jose Cepeda was born in San Luis Potosi City in Mexico on May 15, 1969, to Jose Cepeda and Maria del Socorro Escobedo. He attended Catholic primary and secondary schools in his city run by the Brothers and Sisters of Joseph. After spending a year of spiritual formation, Cepeda entered the Seminario Guadalupano Josefino in San Luis Potosi.
After his family immigrated to San Antonio, Texas, Cepeda continued his seminary studies at Our Lady of the Lake University in the city. He then entered College Seminary of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in Santa Fe, New Mexico, earning a Bachelor of Religious Studies' degree with a minor in psychology. After returning to San Antonio, Cepeda obtained a Master of Divinity degree from Assumption Seminary.

### Priesthood

On June 1, 1996, Cepeda was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Patrick Flores for the Archdiocese of San Antonio at St. Mary Magdalen Catholic Church in San Antonio. After his ordination, the archdiocese assigned Cepeda as parochial vicar at St. Magdalen Parish in San Antonio. During this period, he received a Master of Biblical Theology degree from St. Mary’s University in San Antonio
The archdiocese then sent Cepeda to Rome to study at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas. In 2005, he was awarded a Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL) and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology (STD) degrees, defending his dissertation in Spiritual Theology.
After returning to Texas, Cepeda was assigned teaching and formation responsibilities at Assumption Seminary and the Oblate School of Theology in San Antonio. He also served as vocation director and faculty member for the Transitional Ministry Formation Program for the archdiocese, and as a member of the formation faculty of the St. Peter upon the Water Center in Ingram, Texas. Archbishop Jose Gómez appointed Cepeda as vice rector of Assumption Seminary in 2009 and rector in 2010.

### Auxiliary Bishop of Detroit

Cepeda was appointed titular bishop of Tagase and auxiliary bishop of Detroit on April 18, 2011, by Pope Benedict XVI. He was installed and consecrated at the Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament in Detroit by Archbishop Allen Vigneron on May 5, 2011, with Archbishop John Nienstedt and Bishop John Quinn serving as co-consecrators.
In November 2020, the US Conference of Catholic Bishops elected Cepeda as chair of the Committee on Cultural Diversity.
# Arturo Charles

Arturo Charles is a Bonaire professional football manager.

## Career

Since 2010 until 2012 he coached the Bonaire national football team.
# Arturo Chávez

Arturo Chávez may refer to:
* Arturo Chávez Chávez (born 1960), Mexican prosecutor and Attorney General of Mexico
* Arturo Chávez (athlete) (born 1990), Peruvian high jumper
# Artur Prusak

Artur Prusak is a Polish rally driver currently competing in the FIA E-Rally Regularity Cup where he is a three-time champion, having won it in 2015, 2016 and 2020.

## Biography

In 2015, Prusak won the FIA Alternative Energies Cup on a Toyota Prius. During the season, paired with French co-driver Thierry Benchetrit, he finish in first place at the Ecorally San Marino – Città del Vaticano, at the Ecorally della Mendola and at the Hi Tech Ecomobility Rally in Athens and second place at the Eco Snow Trophy in Fiera di Primiero. The following season, Prusak successfully defended his AEC title, and in 2020 he won his third title in the now renamed E-Rally Regularity Cup.
# Artyom Shaloyan

Artyom Shaloyan (born July 31, 1976) is an Armenian-born German weightlifter. He won a bronze medal for the 69 kg class at the 1995 European Weightlifting Championships in Warsaw, Poland. Shaloyan is currently a member of the weightlifting team for AV 03 Speyer, and is coached and trained by Frank Mantek.
Shaloyan represented his adopted nation Germany (he moved there in 1997 and became a citizen in 2005) at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's lightweight category (69 kg). Shaloyan placed fourteenth in this event, as he successfully lifted 135 kg in the single-motion snatch, and hoisted 165 kg in the two-part, shoulder-to-overhead clean and jerk, for a total of 300 kg.
# Asharam Dalichand Shah

Asharam Dalichand Shah (8 February 1842 ― 26 March 1921) was Gujarati language writer who pioneered the research in Gujarati proverbs and idioms.

## Biography

Asharam was born on 8 February 1842 and died on 26 March 1921. He had served as the administrator of the several princely states of Kathiawar.

## Works

He published Gujarati Kahevat Sangraha (A Collection of Gujarati Proverbs) in 1911. It contained proverbs and idioms along with their versions, origin, use in different parts of Gujarat and circumstances or incidents which resulted in their origin. It also presented the transformation of proverb if it is originated from Sanskrit. He has also compared corresponding Hindi and Marathi proverbs.
His son Mulchand had written his biography, Asharam Dalichand Shah ane Temno Samay (1934).
# Dartmouth Natal Day Road Race

The Dartmouth Natal Day Road Race is one of the longest running road races in North America. The event is part of the Natal Day festivities in the Halifax Regional Municipality.

## History

The first Natal Day Road Race took place in 1907. Dartmouthian Chris Wolfe ran the Boston Marathon that year, finishing 23rd. This spurred the Natal Day committee to add a road race to the festivities for that year.
# Chetwynd Secondary School

Chetwynd Secondary School (or CSS) is a public high school in Chetwynd, British Columbia, Canada. CSS is operated by School District 59 Peace River South and is the designated secondary school for the three local primary schools in Chetwynd. The school building is attached to Windrem Elementary School and shares French Immersion teachers with that school. Dual credit courses are offered in partnership with Northern Lights College.
In addition to core academic subjects, CSS offers courses in (partial list only):
* Automotive
* First Nations studies
* Business studies
* Business computer applications
* Cafeteria training
* Carpentry & cabinet making
* Digital media
* Drama
* Food studies
* Journalism
* Law
* Mechanics
* Theatre performance
* Woodwork
Athletic programs include a Hockey Academy and Junior Rodeo.
CSS is a participant in the school district's International Student Study Program.
CSS was the subject of a study by the University of Lethbridge, "Grief and loss lives in schools: Chetwynd Secondary School : a case study."
# The Open (disambiguation)

The Open or The Open Championship is one of the four major championships in professional golf.
The Open may also refer to:
* The Open (band), an English indie rock band
* The Open Group, an open software consortium
# Ernesto Alonso

Ernesto Alonso (February 28, 1917 – August 7, 2007) was a Mexican producer, director, cinematographer and actor. He was nicknamed "El Señor Telenovela" ("Mr. Soap Opera") because most of his work centered on telenovelas known around the world.

## Acting career

Ernesto began his career as an uncredited extra in La Zandunga (1938), a movie starring Lupe Vélez. He then appeared in 1939's "Papacito Lindo". His popularity grew as he starred in many films of the 1940s, including "La Gallina Culeca", "Historia de una gran Amor", "El Padre Morelas", "El Jorobado", "La Corte del Faraon", "Marina", "El Gallero", and "El Precio de la Gloria" in which he starred with his brother Alfonso Ramírez Alonso.
He made another series of films throughout the 1950s, including as the narrator of Los Olvidados (1950) and the lead in Ensayo de un crimen (1955), both directed by Luis Buñuel. However, it wasn't until the 1960s that Ernesto began appearing in telenovelas. His first was "Cartas de amor" (1960) which also starred another rising star Angélica María. Ernesto from there on only came out in telenovelas including "Leyendas de Mexico" opposite Jacqueline Andere, with whom he worked a lot in both films and telenovelas. Alonso's most memorable performance was as Enrique de Martino in the 1983 telenovela El maleficio in which he played a devil-like character. His last acting appearance was in the telenovela Entre el Amor y el Odio (2002) in which he played Father Abad. Ernesto only made one film between those years, 1986's El Maleficio II.

## Directing and producing career

Ernesto directing, produced and even starred in his own telenovelas sometimes. 1960's "Espejo de Sombras" was his first job as a director and he even produced it, but his first producing job was "Cuidado con el Angel" that very same year. Ernesto then made many memorable telenovelas including "La Leona", "La Cobarde", both of which he directed, produced and starred in. His last job as a director was the series "Cumbres Borrascosas" (1979) which was a telenovela version of an Emily Brontë novel. Ernesto then went to continue his career has a producer, producing twenty-five telenovelas throughout the 1980s, nine throughout the 1990s, and four in the 2000s. His last producing work being the telenovela "Barrera de Amor" which starred Yadhira Carrillo and Raquel Olmedo. Ernesto was awarded the Special Golden Ariel at the Ariel Awards in 2006 for his amazing career and contributions.

## Death

Ernesto Alonso died at the age of 90 at his home in Mexico City. Being kept in a hospital, sources say he knew he was passing, and that he wanted to spend his last moments in his home. In the end Ernesto Alonso acted in sixty-three films, directed forty-three films and telenovelas, but he would be most remembered for producing 158 telenovelas throughout his long career.

## Selected filmography

* The White Monk (1945)
* Tragic Wedding (1946)
* Everybody's Woman (1946)
* Philip of Jesus (1949)
# Bell Telephone (disambiguation)

Bell Telephone refers to the Bell System of companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T, which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984.
Bell Telephone may also refer to:
* Bell Telephone Company, several telephone companies with similar names
* Bell Telephone Building (disambiguation), various
* The Bell Telephone Hour, a long-running radio and television concert program
* A hypothetical device named after physicist John Stewart Bell which allows signals to be sent faster than the speed of light using quantum mechanics.
# Ključić Brdo

Ključić Brdo is a village in Croatia.
# Broadsea

Broadsea is a community situated in Aberdeenshire in the north east of Scotland. It is a long-standing fishing community at the north edge of Fraserburgh.
Christian Watt, author of The Christian Watt Papers, was born and raised in Broadsea. Her memoirs give an insight into the lives in the community during the latter part of the 19th century.

## History

Much of the history of the small village of Broadsea in written widely about in Christian Watts' memoirs. Perhaps the most famous group the Broadsea village were the Noble families. They were of great influence in the village in the 17th century. As such, to buy favour with the family, Alexander Fraser, 11th Lord Saltoun, created a title for the head of the Nobles – the 'Constable of Broadsea'. The constableship passed from the Nobles to the Lascelles family in a series of marriages until the 1740s, when the title was revoked by the Hanoverian state. William Lascelles, the last constable, had been against both the Act of Union and Hanoverian succession. The title continued for at least two more generations as a hereditary pretendership. It has been claimed that later Noble families descend from both the 11th and 12th Lord Saltouns of Abernethy.

### Constables of Broadsea

* 3rd constable – Alexander Noble, Traveller of Zetland
* 4th constable – Grissel Noble, daughter of Alexander
* 5th constable – David Lascelles, son of Grissel and Walter Lascelles
* 6th constable – Anne Lascelles, sister of David
* 7th constable – Margaret Ann Noble, daughter of Anne and Patrick Noble
* 8th constable – William Lascelles (c.1737–1785), son of Margaret and James Lascelles
* 9th constable – Helen Lascelles (c.1758–1841), Pretender
* 10th constable – Helen Noble, Pretender, and the mother of Christian Watt.

## Architecture

The community's 17th-century school was demolished before 1990.
# Costești-Cetățuie Dacian fortress

The Costești-Cetățuie Dacian fortress was a Dacian fortified town. Located near Costești village, Hunedoara County, Romania, it belongs to the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains World Heritage Site. The fortress was built in the 1st century BC, during Burebista's rule, with the purpose of defending the area against the Romans.

## Information about the fortress

The site is located in the river valley of Apa Grădiștei. The superior plateau of the hill where it is situated is 514 m above sea level. It was a strong fortress which had a defensive role. Apparently, it had a civilian settlement at the base and it was the regular residence of the Dacian kings. Another important role was the guarding of the road to Sarmizegetusa Regia.

## Gallery

* Tower house
* Bastion tower
* Bastion tower
* Vallum
# Ferreola (wasp)

Ferreola is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Pompilidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
* Ferreola algira Lepeletier, 1845
* Ferreola auranticornis Wahis, 2000
* Ferreola algira Lepeletier, 1845
* Ferreola alraeesii Schmid-Egger & Al-Jahdhami, 2018
* Ferreola alwahaibii Schmid-Egger & Al-Jahdhami, 2018
* Ferreola auranticornis Wahis, 2000
* Ferreola bakeri Banks, 1938
* Ferreola barrei (Radoszkowski, 1893)
* Ferreola cameroni (Bingham, 1893)
* Ferreola carbonaria Walker, 1871
* Ferreola cephalotes (Saussure, 1868)
* Ferreola circe (Cameron, 1891)
* Ferreola clypealis Banks, 1934
* Ferreola collarella Evans, 1982
* Ferreola dentata (Gussakovskij, 1930)
* Ferreola denticulata Taschenberg, 1869
* Ferreola diffinis (Lepeletier, 1845)
* Ferreola dimidiatipennis Saussure, 1868
* Ferreola divisus (Walker, 1871)
* Ferreola elegans (Priesner, 1955)
* Ferreola erythrocephala (Guérin, 1844)
* Ferreola frontalis (Fabricius, 1775)
* Ferreola greenii Bingham, 1890
* Ferreola haladai Schmid-Egger, 2018
* Ferreola handschini (Haupt, 1935)
* Ferreola hirayamae (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926)
* Ferreola ilanensis Tsuneki, 1989
* Ferreola insolita Wahis & Terzo, 1996
* Ferreola komarowii Radoszkowski, 1888
* Ferreola orchesica (Kohl, 1886)
* Ferreola parvula (Haupt, 1962)
* Ferreola paulyi Wahis, 2000
* Ferreola plumbea Saussure, 1867
* Ferreola pseudodenticulata Schmid-Egger, 2018
* Ferreola purpureopruinosa (Cameron, 1912)
* Ferreola pygmaeus (Priesner, 1955)
* Ferreola saussurei (Banks, 1941)
* Ferreola schioedtei (Dahlbom, 1845)
* Ferreola striata (Radoszkowski, 1888)
* Ferreola symmetria Wahis, 2000
* Ferreola tagalica Banks, 1934
* Ferreola taiwana Tsuneki, 1989
* Ferreola thoracica (Fabricius)
* Ferreola tricolor Saussure, 1868
* Ferreola tunesiensis Schmid-Egger, 2018
* Ferreola urenae Wahis, 2000
* Ferreola violacea Banks, 1934
* Ferreola zebrata Saussure, 1868
# Council of American Maritime Museums

The Council of American Maritime Museums (CAMM) was established in 1974 to be a network for professionals working in North American maritime museums. It has a membership of some eighty museums in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda.
# USS Davenport

USS Davenport (PF-69), a Tacoma-class frigate, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Davenport, Iowa.

## Construction

Davenport (PF-69), originally classified as PG-177, was launched on 8 December 1943, by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Company of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, under a Maritime Commission contract, sponsored by Mrs. E. Frick; transferred to the Navy on 1 June 1944, and placed in service the same day; placed out of service for additional work a week later; and commissioned in full on 15 February 1945, with a crew of 215 USCG officers and enlisted men.

## Service history

Departing Norfolk, Virginia, on 17 April 1945, Davenport joined Pert (PG-95) and Action (PG-86) for an anti-submarine patrol off Casco Bay. She returned to New York on 24 April, and three days later got underway to escort a convoy to Mers El Kébir, Algeria, returning to Norfolk on 7 June. Two days later she entered the Navy Yard at Charleston, South Carolina, for conversion to a weather ship. This involved removing the number three 3-inch (76 mm) gun and installing in its place a hangar used to house meteorological equipment and to inflate and launch weather balloons.
Davenport stood out from Charleston on 26 June 1945, and on 1 July took station off NS Argentia, Newfoundland to report meteorological data. She remained on this duty until 21 October aside from the period 6 August to 21 during which she towed SC-705 to Reykjavík, Iceland. Arriving at Boston Navy Yard 25 October, Davenport remained there until decommissioned on 4 February 1946. She was sold 6 June 1946.
# USS Davey

USS Davey (WYT-81) was a United States Navy harbor entrance patrol and boarding vessel in service at Pilot Town, Louisiana during World War I.
Davey, originally a tug, was transferred by the United States Coast Guard to the Navy in April 1917. She was returned to the Coast Guard in 1919.
Nothing more is known about Davey
# USS Bronstein

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Bronstein in honor of Ben Richard Bronstein, Assistant Surgeon, who was killed in action 28 February 1942.
* USS Bronstein (DE-189), was a destroyer escort commissioned on 13 December 1943.
* USS Bronstein (FF-1037), was a frigate commissioned on 16 Jun 1963.