OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tropeiro

Tropeiro is the designation given to troop and commissions drovers of horse, cattle and mule moving between commercial regions and consumer centers in Brazil from the 17th century.

## Description

Each entourage was divided into lots of seven animals, each in the care of a man who controlled them through shouts and whistles. Each animal carried about 120 kilograms and went as far as 3,000 kilometers.
In addition to its important role in the economy, the tropeiro had important cultural importance as a vehicle for ideas and news between villages and communities which were distant from each other, at a time when there were no roads in Brazil.
Along the routes they traveled, they helped to sprout several of today's cities in Brazil. The cities of Taubaté, Sorocaba, Santana de Parnaíba and São Vicente in São Paulo, Viamão, Cruz Alta and Vacaria in Rio Grande do Sul, Lages in Santa Catarina and Castro in Paraná are some of the pioneer cities that stood out for the activity of their tropeiros.

## Trading

Before the railways, and long before the trucks, the merchandise trade was done by tropeiros in the regions where there were no alternatives of maritime navigation or waterway for its distribution. The interior regions, far from the coast, depended for a long time on this means of transport by mules. From the end of the seventeenth century, Minas Gerais, for example, demanded the formation of groups of merchants in the interior trade. Initially called men of the way, traffickers or passers-by, the tropeiros became fundamental in the trade of slaves, food and tools of the miners.
Far from being specialized merchants, the tropeiros bought and sold of everything a little: slaves, tools, clothes, etc. The existence of the tropeirismo was closely related to the coming and going by the roads and roads, with emphasis to the Estrada Real — route by which the gold miners arrived at the port of Rio de Janeiro and followed to Portugal.
The constant movement of the troops not only made commerce possible but also became a key element in the economic reproduction of Tropeirismo.
The tropeiros transported a wide variety of goods such as brown sugar, cachaça, vinegar, wine, olive oil, cod, dried fish, cheese, butter, biscuit, raisins, flour, ginger, soap, dried fruit, chorizo, salami, kitchenware, marmalade, coconut, dried meat, cotton, salt, window glass, etc.
# Upside-down gardening

Upside-down gardening is a kitchen garden technique where the vegetable garden uses suspended soil and seedlings to stop pests and blight, and eliminate the typical gardening tasks of tilling, weeding, and staking plants. The vegetable growing yield is only marginally affected. Kathi (Lael) Morris was the first known to grow tomatoes and peppers this way, starting in 1998. Since then, the concept gained tremendous popularity. Ms. Morris grew mostly heirloom varieties, researching over a span of 11 years, which varieties were compact enough to produce fruit in abundance with little or no breakage of the stems.

## Advantages over normal gardening

Since upside-down gardens take up far less room than the traditional in-ground type, upside-down ones are more useful in urban areas.

## Suitable plantings

Larger vegetables such as bell peppers or large tomatoes tend to break the vine; smaller peppers such as cayenne peppers and tabasco pepper have lower weight and thus gravity does not stress the vine to breakage. Other potential upside-down gardening vegetables include: cucumbers, eggplants, and beans.
The top side may also be used. On the top side of upside-down planters, lettuce, radishes and cress may be grown, and herbs or flowers such as marigolds can absorb sunlight to decrease desiccation of the planter; that is, preventing drying out. Unsuited are lettuce, peas and carrots as they do not generally do well, grown upside-down.
There are some commercial products that help with upside-down gardening, including the Topsy Turvy; and there's also fairly easy instructions on how to construct them at home.
# Frederick Agnew Gill

Captain Frederick Agnew Gill (25 May 1873 in Castletown, Isle of Man – 4 June 1938 in Emery Down) was a British Army officer and a polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was polo manager at the Ranelagh Club in London.

## Biography

He was born in 1873 and educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. On 13 March 1893 he was appointed a second lieutenant of the 3rd Dragoon Guards.
At the 1900 Olympics he was part of the Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris team, which won the bronze medal for polo.
At the outbreak of the First World War he rejoined the British Army as a second lieutenant in the Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars on 26 August 1914. On 1 December 1914 he was given a temporary promotion to captain. He was granted the permanent rank of captain on 21 January 1916.
After the war, he represented the All Ireland Polo Club in their 1922 visit to the USA.
He died in 1938.
# Mendrin-Tountoghin

Mendrin-Tountoghin is a commune in the Gounghin Department of Kouritenga Province in the Centre-Est region of Burkina Faso. It had a population of 240 in 2006.

## Demographics

| Year | Population |
| 1996 | 283 |
| 2006 | 240 |

### Neighbourhoods

| Neighbourhood | Population (2006) |
| Mendrin | 65 |
| Toumtoghin | 175 |
# Lagerstroemia intermedia

Lagerstroemia intermedia is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. It is found in China and Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss. As of 2010, it was classified as "Vulnerable" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List.
# Allan Jensen

Allan Jensen may refer to:
* Al Jensen (born 1958), former Canadian ice hockey goaltender
* Allan Jensen (footballer) (1922–2003), Australian rules footballer
* Allan Ravn Jensen (born 1974), Danish former footballer
# Glass harp (disambiguation)

Glass harp may refer to:
* Glass harp, a musical instrument
* Glass Harp (band), a progressive rock band
* Glass Harp (album), an album by a band of the same name
# Eucalyptus elata

Eucalyptus elata, commonly known as the river peppermint or river white gum, is a species of medium to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds arranged in groups of eleven to thirty or more, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

## Description

Eucalyptus elata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 40 m (130 ft), rarely a mallee to 6 m (20 ft), and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, compact, dark grey bark, with narrow longitudinal fissures on the lower trunk. The bark on the upper trunk and branches is smooth, shedding in long ribbons often remaining in the crown, leaving a grey, cream-coloured or whitish surface. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves arranged in opposite pairs, lance-shaped to curved, 33–105 mm (1.3–4.1 in) long and 6–16 mm (0.24–0.63 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, 60–220 mm (2.4–8.7 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide on a petiole 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between eleven and thirty or more in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from August to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical or shortened spherical capsule 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide with the valves enclosed below the rim.

## Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus elata was first described in 1829 by Friedrich Dehnhardt in his book, Catalogus Plantarum Horti Camaldulensis. The specific epithet (elata) is a Latin word meaning "exalted", "high" or "lofty".

## Distribution and habitat

River peppermint usually grows along watercourse but sometimes also in undulating country, on rocky ridges or on scree slopes in forest. It grows near the coast and nearby tablelands south from Putty in New South Wales to eastern Victoria.

## Uses
### Use in horticulture

E. elata is widely cultivated as a street and ornamental tree for its beautiful upper smooth bark, rich green foliage and profusion of flowers that appear in spherical masses.

### Essential oils

The leaves of E. elata have been distilled commercially for a piperitone based essential oil.
# Sutkus

Sutkus is the masculine form of a Lithuanian surname. Its feminine forms are: Sutkienė (married woman or widow) and Sutkutė (unmarried woman). Notable people with the surname include:
* Antanas Sutkus (born 1939), Lithuanian photographer
* Bruno Sutkus (1924–2003), German sniper
# Tuanku Tambusai Stadium

Tuanku Tambusai Stadium is a football stadium in Bangkinang, Riau, Indonesia.

## History

The stadium is named after a national hero from the region Tuanku Tambusai.

## Other uses

PSBS Bangkinang use this stadium for their home games. For the 2013 Indonesia Super League season because of financial problems, PSPS Pekanbaru used this stadium as an alternative for using the largerRumbai Stadium.
It was also used as one of the venue for the 2012 Pekan Olahraga Nasional.
# Upside (film)

Upside is a 2010 American dramatic film written and directed by Ken Horstmann and starring Randall Bentley. It is set in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Plot

High school senior Solomon White pretty much has his future as a college lacrosse player laid out for him till a concussion has him seeing everything upside-down. Not knowing how long this condition will take to right itself, Solomon meets lecturer Wren Woods at a support group for the visually impaired (mostly all blind, as is she). With future plans at least on hold, he begins hanging out with her, who - along with Mrs. Buck (Solomon's English teacher) and Prof. Craig Parker (a writing mentor Mrs. Buck arranged for Solomon) - guides Solomon into becoming a man who can make decisions for himself and into considering accepting Christ in his life.

## Production

The lacrosse scenes in the film were staged by Richie Meade, head coach for the United States Naval Academy.
Solomon Olds and Jacob Olds from Family Force 5 appear in the film dancing in the scene that features their song, along with Solomon's wife Lauren.
According to the closing credits the film was shot all on location in seven cities in and around Atlanta.

## Music

Upside features an original score by Christian Wood.
The soundtrack includes songs by Family Force 5, Drew Holcomb and The Neighbors, and Sony Music Nashville artist Corey Crowder.

### Songs by Family Force 5

* "Radiator"

### Songs by Corey Crowder

* "Small Town"
* "Higher Ground"
* "What Was And Might Have Been"
* "Here's Looking At You Kid"
* "When My Ship Comes In"
* "The Last Ones Standing"

### Songs by Drew Holcomb and The Neighbors

* "The Wire"
* "Fire and Dynamite"

### Songs by Drew Holcomb

* "I Like To Be With Me When I'm With You"

### Songs by Johanna Horstmann

* "Even In My Darkness"

## Reception

* The film received the Dove Family Seal of Approval from The Dove Foundation. "This is an enjoyable film for the family, especially the teens in the house."
* "Upside is a unique, entertaining, inspiring movie... a clever metaphor for the human condition." -Ted Baehr | Movieguide
* "Upside is an inspiring film about faith and love that challenges us all to follow the unique path God has for us." - Mark Hall of Casting Crowns

## Accolades
### Awards won

* 2010 Redemptive Storyteller Award by the Redemptive Film Festival (held at Regent University)

### Nominations

* 2010 Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival Semi-Finalist.
# Frederick Aikman

Frederick Aikman may refer to:
* Frederick Robertson Aikman (1828–1888), Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross
* Frederick Alan Aikman (1919–1991), Canadian World War II flying ace
# Charan, SBS Nagar

Charan is a village in Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) away from Rahon, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Nawanshahr, 17 kilometres (11 mi) from district headquarter Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar and 83 kilometres (52 mi) from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by Sarpanch an elected representative of the village.

## Demography

As of 2011, Charan has a total number of 204 houses and population of 1054 of which 535 include are males while 519 are females according to the report published by Census India in 2011. The literacy rate of Charan is 80.97%, higher than the state average of 75.84%. The population of children under the age of 6 years is 103 which is 9.77% of total population of Charan, and child sex ratio is approximately 1060 as compared to Punjab state average of 846.
Most of the people are from Schedule Caste which constitutes 62.81% of total population in Charan. The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
As per the report published by Census India in 2011, 327 people were engaged in work activities out of the total population of Charan which includes 299 males and 28 females. According to census survey report 2011, 98.17% workers describe their work as main work and 1.83% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.

## Education

The village has a Punjabi medium, co-ed primary school founded in 1961. The schools provide mid-day meal as per Indian Midday Meal Scheme and the meal prepared in school premises. As per Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act the school provide free education to children between the ages of 6 and 14.
KC Engineering College and Doaba Khalsa Trust Group Of Institutions are the nearest colleges. Industrial Training Institute for women (ITI Nawanshahr) is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from the village. Lovely Professional University is 61 kilometres (38 mi) away from the village.

## Transport

Nawanshahr railway station is the nearest train station however, Garhshankar Junction railway station is 26 kilometres (16 mi) away from the village. Sahnewal Airport is the nearest domestic airport which located 61 kilometres (38 mi) away in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 170 kilometres (110 mi) away in Amritsar.
# George Marsh (musician)

George Marsh (c. 1900 –1962) was an American jazz drummer. In the 1920s, he played with one of Paul Whiteman's bands, as well as recording with musicians including Frankie Trumbauer and Eddie Lang. From 1932 to 1934, Marsh played in an orchestra led by Ferde Grofé. He later moved to California, where he worked in film music. He died in Los Angeles in April 1962.
# Curtis Deboy

Curtis Deboy is an Australian rules football umpire currently officiating in the Australian Football League. He is also the host of the hugely popular Outback QB podcast where he discusses the NFL with co-hosts, Chris Hall and Matt Maidment.
He first umpired in the Central District Junior Football League in 2004. He made his umpiring debut in the South Australian National Football League in 2009 at the age of 19 and went on to umpire 119 SANFL games, including the 2012, 2013 and 2014 Grand Finals. He was on the AFL umpiring rookie list for 2013 and 2014, officiating his first game, substituted on as an emergency umpire, in 2014. In 2015, he was added to the senior umpiring list, and made his debut as a non-emergency umpire in Round 4 of that year, in a match between the Western Bulldogs and Adelaide at Docklands Stadium.
He is one of the fastest umpires in the AFL, leading the Umpire 3 km time trial in 2015.

## Personal life

Deboy was born in Adelaide, South Australia and attended Eynesbury Senior College. He is married and resides in Melbourne, Australia.
# Eudonia bronzalis

Eudonia bronzalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1922. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
# Tannis

Tannis may refer to:
* Tannis Slimmon, a Canadian musician
* Tannis Vallely, an American former child actress
# Bad Hersfelder Festspiele

The Bad Hersfelder Festspiele is a German theatre festival in Bad Hersfeld, Hesse. The Bad Hersfelder Festspiele have been staged since 1951.

## The Festival

The Bad Hersfeld Festival takes place every year from mid-June to early August in the German town of Bad Hersfeld. It is known as the Salzburg of the North.
Theatrical pieces and musicals are performed on the 1,400 m² stage in the Stiftsruine Bad Hersfeld. There is padded seating for 1636 spectators. The mobile roof above the auditorium of the monastery ruins makes performances in all weather conditions possible — visitors always sit in the dry. Comedy plays are performed on an outdoor stage in the courtyard of the Eichhof Castle.
At the Festival the Hersfeld-Preis and an audience prize are awarded annually. The prize is based on audience ballots taken in three performances of each show. The winner receives a ring donated by local companies, showing the Schwurhand of Charlemagne against the abbey ruins in the background.

## Literature

* Bad Hersfelder Festspiele. In: Rolf Hosfeld: Festivals 2007/2008: Klassik, Oper, Jazz, Tanz, Theater, Film, Literatur, Kunst - Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz., Helmut Metz Verlag, 2007, P. 261
# Lake Helmuth Schack

Lake Helmuth Schack (German: Helmuth-Schack-See or simply Schacksee) is a lake in Osdorf, Hamburg, Germany, adjacent to the boundaries of Schenefeld in Schleswig-Holstein. Düpenau stream runs through it, and the small stream of Luruper Moorgraben flows into it.

## History

Lake Helmuth Schack is located in the Born Park and was created artificially as a retention basin for the regulation of water levels. Before the establishment of the retention basin there was the Deesmoor, a remnant of the glacial moor valley on the northwest edge of the Osdorf fields. A weir was constructed, and the area was flooded. Over the years, the Born Park was developed around the Schacksee, which is today used as a recreational area, mostly by the inhabitants of Osdorf, Osdorfer Born and nearby Schenefeld in Schleswig-Holstein.
# Archytas araujoi

Archytas araujoi is a species of parasitic fly in the family Tachinidae. Psychocampa concolor is its host, with adult A. araujoi flies emerging from P. concolor pupae.

## Distribution

Brazil.
# Adélie Valley

Adélie Valley (65°30′S 136°0′E﻿ / ﻿65.500°S 136.000°E﻿ / -65.500; 136.000), also variously known as Adilie Valley, Dumont d'Urville Trough or Adélie Trough, is a drowned fjord (undersea valley) on the continental margin of East Antarctica. Named in association with this long named portion of Wilkes Land on the Antarctic coast. Name approved by the Advisory Committee on Undersea Features in December 1971.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Adélie Valley". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
* This Wilkes Land location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Atenulf II of Gaeta

Atenulf II (died October 1064) was the duke of Gaeta for a brief two years (1062–1064) under the regency of his mother, Maria. He was the son and successor of Atenulf I, who had been forced to recognise the suzerainty of the prince of Capua, Richard I, and his son Jordan in 1058.
Atenulf I died on 2 February and on 1 June, Maria had confirmed a year-long treaty with several neighbouring counties against the dominance of the Normans of Aversa and Capua. During March of the year of peace, Atenulf II remained at Gaeta and on 28 June 1063, Gaeta was captured by Jordan and became a city of the prince of Capua. Atenulf was allowed to maintain possession until the next year, when his mother's new husband, William of Montreuil, was installed as duke.

## Sources

* Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016-1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
* Chalandon, Ferdinand. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie. Paris, 1907.
| Preceded byAtenulf I | Duke of Gaeta 1062–1064 | Succeeded byWilliam I |
* This biography of an Italian noble is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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# Lackey-Overbeck House

Lackey-Overbeck House, also known as the Lackey-Cockefair-Overbeck-Matheis House, is a historic home located at Cambridge City, Wayne County, Indiana. It was built about 1835, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling with Federal and Greek Revival style design elements. A two-story rear wing was added about 1850.$^{:2–3}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Cambridge City Historic District.
# Lazi Krapinski

Lazi Krapinski is a village near Krapina, in Krapina-Zagorje County, Croatia.
# Tangasseri Breakwater Tourism Park

Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park is a newly opened tourist destination in Kollam, Kerala. The park is located on a 2.5-acre plot of land at Thangassery, a coastal town in Kollam district. The park was inaugurated on April 27, 2023, and has been attracting a large number of visitors since then.
The park is a beautiful waterfront location with stunning views of the Arabian Sea. It features a variety of amenities, including a children's playground, a boating lake, a food court, and a number of souvenir shops. There is also an open-air auditorium that can accommodate up to 400 people. Thangassery Breakwater Tourism Park project launched by the Department of Tourism for promoting coastal tourism.
# Marino Keulen

Marino Ghislainus Keulen (born 24 October 1963) is a Belgian politician from Flanders and a member of the Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats party. He is a representative in the Flemish Parliament, and served in the Flemish Government of 2004–2009 as Minister of Home Affairs, Urban Policy, Housing and Civic Integration.
Keulen was born in Tongeren. He obtained a (graduate) degree at the Provinciaal Hoger Handelsinstituut in Hasselt.
Keulen served in the provincial council of Limburg 1994–1995 but gave up the seat when he was elected to the Flemish Parliament in 1995. Keulen was re-elected in 1999 and 2004. After a cabinet shuffle in 2003 Keulen entered the Flemish government as Flemish Minister for Housing, Media and Sport. After the regional elections of 2004, Keulen became Flemish Minister for Home Affairs, Urban Policy, Housing and Civic Integration.
Keulen was elected to the municipal council of Lanaken in 1988 and was re-elected in 1994, 2000 and 2006. From 1995 to 2000 Keulen served as an alderman in Lanaken. From 2007 on, Keulen served as the President of the municipal council of Lanaken.