OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chat fiction

Chat fiction is a format of web fiction written solely in the form of text-message or instant messaging conversations. Works are read primarily through dedicated mobile phone applications, the earliest being Hooked, which launched in 2015. The format became popular among teenagers and young adults, and other competing platforms followed, including Yarn and Tap, among others.

## History

The first chat fiction platform, Hooked, was created by Prerna Gupta and Parag Chordia, who were writing a novel and decided to do A/B testing to gauge reader preferences. They found that most of their target audience of teenagers failed to finish 1,000-word excerpts of best-selling young-adult novels, but read through stories of the same length written as text message conversations. They accordingly developed and launched Hook in 2015. The app gained popularity from late 2016, and reached the Apple App Store's top position among free apps in 2017. Competing apps began launching the same year, including Yarn, which also has a focus on interactive fiction, and Tap, developed by the online publishing platform Wattpad.

## Format

Chat fiction stories are presented as digital text conversations between two or more characters, without any narration. The format limits possible storytelling options, and presents a challenge to authors in conveying narrative only through dialogue. Most popular stories are of the horror and thriller genres. The format has been popular among teenagers and young adults, though it has been criticized as not providing a meaningful reading experience.
Applications usually present the story incrementally, with the user tapping to advance the story message by message. Some platforms feature content by paid writers, while others allow or rely on user contributions. Revenue is usually based on a freemium model, with basic access being free while subscribing offers removal of limits and other benefits.
# Chat Trakan

Chat Trakan may refer to:
* Chat Trakan District
* Chat Trakan Subdistrict
# Ellen E. Perry

Ellen Eva Perry (born 1965) is an American classicist who serves as the Monsignor Edward G. Murray Professor of the Arts and Humanities at the College of the Holy Cross. She served as the president of the Classical Association of New England (CANE) from 2014 until 2020.

## Early life and education

Perry is a native of Washington, D.C. She received her undergraduate education at Swarthmore College, where she majored in Greek with a minor in Latin, graduating in 1987. Afterwards, she enrolled at the University of Michigan, obtaining a Master of Arts and Ph.D. in classical art and archaeology. Her dissertation was published in 1995 and was titled "Artistic imitation and the Roman patron with a study of imitation in the ideal sculptures of Herodes Atticus".

## Academic career

From August 1997 until May 1997, Perry was a professor at the University of Evansville in Indiana. Later in 1997, she joined the faculty of the College of the Holy Cross, receiving tenure in 2004. She was elevated to a full-time professorship in 2017, and received the college's appointment as its Monsignor Edward G. Murray Professor in 2021.
Perry is a fellow of the American Academy in Rome and a fellow of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. She was also a program chair at the Archaeological Institute of America.
On April 3, 2020, she delivered the Julius Fund Lecture in Ancient Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art, hosted by Case Western Reserve University.

## Selected publications
### Books

* Perry, Ellen E. (2005). The Aesthetics of Emulation in the Visual Arts of Ancient Rome. Worcester, MA: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521831659.

### Journals

* Perry, Ellen E. (2000). "Notes on Diligentia as a Term of Roman Art Criticism". Classical Philology. 95 (4). University of Chicago Press: 445–458. doi:10.1086/449511. JSTOR 270516.
* Perry, Ellen E. (2001). "Iconography and the Dynamics of Patronage: A Sarcophagus from the Family of Herodes Atticus". Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 70 (4): 461–492. JSTOR 3182055.
* Perry, Ellen E. (2002). "Rhetoric, Literary Criticism, and the Roman Aesthetics of Artistic Imitation". Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. 1: 153–171. doi:10.2307/4238450. JSTOR 4238450.
# Andrew Holder

Andrew Holder is an Australian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Western Australia on 13 November 2017 in the 2017-18 Sheffield Shield season.
# Elizabeth Ann Ray

Elizabeth Nona Ann Ray (May 31, 1913 – December 7, 2011) was a career officer in the United States Army and United States Air Force, most notably serving as director of Women in the Air Force (WAF) from 1961 to 1965.

## Biography

Ray was born in 1913 in Winnsboro, Texas, and was raised primarily in Oklahoma. She moved frequently around the state due to her father's job in the newspaper business. She graduated from high school in Mangum, Oklahoma and attended Oklahoma College for Women for a year. In 1934 she earned a journalism degree from the University of Oklahoma. After graduation, Ray worked for a newspaper in Anadarko, Oklahoma. She was later recruited by the War Department, where she served in the Public Relations Bureau.
In 1942, Ray joined the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (later the Women's Army Corps) and completed Officer Training School at Fort Des Moines, Iowa. She had brief assignments at the training center at Daytona Beach and at the WAAC Headquarters in the Pentagon before being transferred overseas in June 1943. Ray was stationed at the headquarters of Dwight D. Eisenhower in Algiers, Algeria. In January 1944, she was appointed commander of a WAC intelligence squadron at 15th Air Force Headquarters in Bari, Italy. She returned to the U.S. in late 1945 and was assigned to the inactive reserve.
On May 10, 1949, Ray was reactivated in the Women in the Air Force (WAF) and sent to Mitchel Field, New York, where she commanded female troops then worked in personnel and public relations. In 1950, she also attended Armed Forces Informational School at Carlisle Barracks. From 1953 to 1955, Ray served as deputy director of WAF.
From 1955 to 1958, Ray was assigned to DACOWITS as executive secretary for the advisory committee. She then became chief of the promotion and augmentation/selection records branch of Strategic Air Command at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. In September 1961, Ray was appointed director of WAF and served in this capacity until her retirement in 1965.
# Charmz

Charmz were an Australian four-piece girl band. They were put together by Mattel and Shock Records to promote a motion capture film, The Barbie Diaries (May 2006), which features Barbie in a band, Charmz. The group were developed through a singing contest for 8- to 14-year-old girls, who had to send in a video of themselves singing. The four winners, out of around 500 entrants, were 13-year-olds, Gianna Dalla-Vecchia, Paris Maggs and Lauren Stowe, and 14-year-old, Shannon Cordes.
Charmz members were taken to a recording studio in Sydney, where they were mentored by Ricki-Lee Coulter, a former Australian Idol contestant. Their self-titled album was released on 28 October 2006. It contains cover versions of tracks by Coulter, Robbie Williams, Bananarama, Gwen Stefani, the Mamas & Papas, and Hilary and Haylie Duff.
The album's single, "This Is Me", is a cover version of the original by Skye Sweetnam (the voice of Barbie in the film) and was written by Dorian Cheah, Amy Powers and Michele Vice. Charmz' rendition was issued ahead of the album on 31 July 2006, which peaked at No. 57 on the ARIA singles chart.

## Discography
### Albums

List of albums, with selected details :
| Title | Details |
| Charmz | Released: October 2006 Format: CD Label: Shock/Mattel |

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions :
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Album |
| Title | Year | AUS | Album |
| "This Is Me" | 2006 | 57 | Charmz |
# Lattitude Global Volunteering

Lattitude Global Volunteering (formerly GAP Activity Projects) was an international charity established in Reading, Berkshire, in 1972 to provide 17- to 25-year-olds with support to travel outside of their own community, in most cases to other countries, where they spent several months assisting with care or educational projects. Lattitude Global Volunteering voluntarily ceased operation in a liquidation on 26 August 2021.
In 2012 Lattitude co-ordinated activities for their 40,000th volunteer. The group is also credited with helping to coin the term "gap year" from its original name.

## History

Originally known as GAP Activity Projects, the not-for-profit organisation was founded in 1972 with the mission of creating safe and worthwhile volunteer work for school leavers before moving onto university.
The group was officially recognised as a charity in 1976 as they continued to expand the number volunteer opportunities around the world.
In 2000 the organisation co-founded the Year Out Group to promote the benefits of well-structured year out programmes.
2001 saw the opening of three new offices in Australia, New Zealand and Canada.
In 1995 the organisation was placing 1,500 volunteers per year. By 2005 that number had grown to 2,000. Lattitude Global Volunteering voluntarily ceased operation in a liquidation on 26 August 2021.

### Rebrand

Despite coining the term "gap year" from its name, GAP Activity Projects relaunched in 2008 as Lattitude Global Volunteering. Lattitude state that this is to reflect that the organisation is focused on international volunteering projects for young people.
The change came less than one year after the clothing retailer Gap had taken a gap year company named "Gap Sports" to court over trademark infringement. At the time, a member of the Year Out Group mentioned that Gap Sports was not the only member to have faced a challenge from Gap Inc.". Whether or not the name change around this time is coincidental is unknown.

### Liquidation

LATTITUDE GLOBAL VOLUNTEERING (Company Number 01289296)
Notice is hereby given that at a General Meeting of the above-named Company, duly convened and held at 9 Greyfriars Road, Reading, RG1 1NU on 26 August 2021 at 10.00 am, the following resolutions were passed as a Special resolution and Ordinary resolution respectively:
“That the Company be wound up voluntarily."

## Volunteering

Volunteers could select from a number of educational, social or environmental placements throughout the world.
Volunteers were required to pay a fee to cover the expenses of the charity as well arranging and paying for their own transport. To reduce the likelihood of cost being a barrier to entry, a range of scholarships providing financial support are available along with on fundraising advice and grants.
Once at their placement, volunteers would have their food and accommodation provided. In most instances a portion of the fee was returned to the volunteer over the course of the stay as an allowance. Placements lasted between 3 and 12 months.
# Third Roman cabinet

The third cabinet of prime minister of Romania Petre Roman took office from 30 April 1991 up until 16 October 1991. It was the 109th overall cabinet of Romania and ended three weeks after the September 1991 Mineriad which occurred in Bucharest. It was a single-party majority cabinet, plus independents.

## Members

Single-party majority cabinet: FSN and Independent ministers
Prime Minister:
* Petre Roman/Theodor Stolojan(ad interim)
Minister of State:
* Dan Mircea Popescu (Co-ordinating Quality of Life)
Ministers:
* Victor Babiuc (Justice)
* Niculae Spiroiu (Defense)
* Andrei Pleșu (Culture and Arts)
* Ioan Țipu (Agriculture)
* Adrian Năstase (Foreign Affairs)
* Eugen Dijmărescu (Economy)
* Doru-Viorel Ursu (Interior)
* Gheorghe Ștefan (Education)
* Valeriu Eugen Pop (Environment)
* Mihnea Marmeliuc (Labor)
* Traian Băsescu (Transport)
* Bogdan Marinescu (Health)
* Andrei Chirică (Communication)
* Victor Athanasie Stănculescu (Industry)
* Constantin Fota (Commerce and Tourism)
* Bogdan Niculescu-Duvăz (Youth and Sport)
# Andrew Preston

Andrew Preston may refer to:
* Andrew Preston (businessman) (1846–1924), American businessman
* Andrew Preston (historian) (born 1973), Canadian historian
* Andy Preston (footballer) (born 1957), Australian rules footballer
* Andy Preston (politician) (born 1966), English politician, charity chairman, and businessman
# Andrew B. Willison

Andrew Baker "Drew" Willison (born October 4, 1965) was the 39th sergeant at arms of the United States Senate from May 5, 2014, until January 5, 2015. Originally from the central Ohio area, Willison graduated from Greensville County High School in Emporia, Virginia, and attended the College of William & Mary, receiving his undergraduate degree in government. Willison went on to receive his master's degree in public administration from Ohio State University. Willison also has a law degree from the George Washington University Law School.
# Eleni Papadaki

Eleni Papadaki (Greek: Ελένη Παπαδάκη, 4 November 1903 – 21 December 1944) was a celebrated Greek stage actress who was murdered during the Dekemvriana events, accused for political reasons by the communists, of having collaborated with the Nazi occupation forces and the collaborationist regime during the Axis occupation.

## Biography

She was born on 4 November 1903 in Athens to an affluent family, the granddaughter of university professor Stylianos Konstantinidis. She studied philology at Athens University, phonetics, music and piano at the Great Conservatory of Athens, but began an acting career at the age of twenty-two in 1925, in Luigi Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author. The theatre critic for the Demokratia newspaper greeted her performance with the comment that "today the stage has acquired a great actress". At the same time, she also performed in Oscar Wilde's Salome.
Her most successful performances during the last part of her career was in ancient Greek tragedies.
During the Axis occupation of Greece she has been accused of being the mistress of the collaborationist prime minister Ioannis Rallis including right-wing newspapers of the Greek Resistance.
Finally, Eleni Papadaki was executed in Athens on 21 December 1944, during the "Dekemvriana" events, by communists of the OPLA. She had been denounced by a rival actress and after a council of the actors of the National Theatre, who had her expelled for collaboration with the Germans.
# Lars Gunnarsen

Lars Gunnarsen is a Danish professor in construction at Aalborg University where he conducts research in indoor climate and ventilation.
Lars Gunnarsen's research on how to achieve and maintain a safe and healthy environment at home has been frequently cited and used. His research has also shown that the use of natural materials in construction might indirectly increase the risk of chemicals being used. Lars Gunnarsen has also pointed out the need for attention on healthy indoor climates as a future driver for innovation and new markets in the building branch.

## Education

Lars Gunnarsen graduated as Master in Mechanical Engineering, from the Danish Technical University in 1984. In 1989, he was awarded a PhD degree.
# Cheongju Jeong clan

The Cheongju Jeong clan (Korean: 청주 정씨; Hanja: 淸州 鄭氏) is one of the Korean clans. Their bon-gwan is Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province. According to a census from 2015, the population of the Cheongju Jeong clan is 46,419. Their founder was Jeong Geuk-gyeong(Hanja: 鄭克卿), who was a military officer during the Goryeo dynasty. One of his descendants was the Joseon dynasty Neo-Confucian scholar, Jeong Gu.
# Cheongju Early Printing Museum

The Cheongju Early Printing Museum (Korean: 청주고인쇄박물관) is a museum in Cheongju, South Korea. The museum is dedicated to the history of printing in Korean culture. It is the first museum dedicated to printing in Korea.

## History

In 1992, the museum was opened, the intention of the creation of the museum was to conserve Heungdeoksa artifacts at the Uncheon-dong land development site. In 2007, the museum was designated as a Jikji Special Cultural Zone. In 2015, a Jikji metal type printing plate was restored using traditional techniques. In 2017, 864 million won was allocated to remodel parts of the building and replace panels in the exhibits. On December 15, 2017, the museum reopened, the reopening ceremony was attended by Lee Beom-seok, Mayor of Cheongju at that time, Hwang Young-ho, Cheongju City Council Chairman and Na Gi-jeong, Jikji Cultural Association Chairman. The museum has been a major contributor "UNESCO International Archives and Heritage Center of Cheongju attractions" in 2017. Since 2019, the museum has been part of the Google Arts & Culture platform. In 2021, the museum organized a survey on a name change, in which the Museum Management Committee participated, among the names suggested for the museum were Cheongju Jikji Printing Museum, Jikji Printing Museum, Korea Printing Museum, Cheongju Jikji Museum and Jikji Museum.

## Collections

The museum contains more than 650 books dating from the Silla, Goryeo and Joseon periods. The first exhibition hall contains exhibits about Jikji, the museum also has exhibits about the culture of Cheongju and the rest of Korea. The museum contains Buddhist cultural artifacts, in addition the museum also contains Jikji Simgyeong type metal. The museum contains Goryeo movable metal types, which was the first movable metal types invented in the world. Among the exhibits are woodblock prints and printing tools. For 5 years since 2011, the museum carried out the 30000 letters restoration project, this project was called "Koryo Metal Type Restoration Project". The museum contains exhibits about printing in Korean culture. In 2020, the museum held an exhibition about the discovery of Gyeongjaja (경자자) in 1420 and printing in the early Joseon Dynasty.
# Lauchlan Maclean, 2nd Laird of Brolas

Lauchlan Maclean, 2nd Laird of Brolas (1650–1687) was the second Laird of Brolas.

## Biography

He was born in 1650 to Donald Maclean, 1st Laird of Brolas. He was a good and prudent man, of a solid judgment and excellent temper. He was slow in action, and on account of this weakness contrived to associate with him Lachlan Og MacLean, 1st Laird of Torloisk, a man full of spirit and activity. He was appointed tutor to Sir John Maclean, 4th Baronet, and associated Torloisk with him in the management of the estates, and kept Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll from getting any solid footing in the estates of MacLean, till Argyle was glad to take Tiree in compensation for his whole claim. He was member in parliament for the shire when James II of England was commissioner for Scotland, and though he was much caressed by James, who desired to reconcile Brolas to his celebrated measures for abrogating the penal statutes, but refusing to vote against what he believed to be his duty, he absented himself from parliament when those measures were being discussed. He was married to Isabella, daughter of Hector Maclean, 2nd Laird of Torloisk. He died in the year 1687, in the thirty-seventh year of his age, and was succeeded by his son, Donald Maclean, 3rd Laird of Brolas.
# Charlie Lake

Charlie Lake may refer to:
* Charlie Lake, British Columbia, a settlement in British Columbia, Canada
* Charlie Lake (British Columbia), a lake in north-eastern British Columbia, Canada
* The Charlie Lake Formation, a Geological formation
# Sülfeld

Sülfeld is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
# Léon Gandillot

Léon Gandillot (20-25 January 1862 – 21 September 1912) was a French playwright.
Gandillot was the nephew of the librettist and dramatist Hector Crémieux. In 1886, his first comédie en vaudeville Les Femmes collantes gave him the opportunity to be known very quickly. He later gained other successes with comedies such as La Mariée récalcitrante, La Course aux jupons, and Ferdinand le noceur. Two of these plays have until now been adapted to film: Les Femmes collantes twice, in 1919 by Georges Monca and in 1938 by Pierre Caron as well as Ferdinand le noceur in 1934 by René Sti.

## Works

* 1886: Les femmes collantes, comédie-bouffe in 5 acts; Paul Ollendorff [fr]
* 1887: Les filles de Jean de Nivelle, novel, H. Kistemaeckers
* 1887: Le fumeron, comedy in 1 act; Paul Ollendorff
* 1887: Vers amoureux, collection of poems; Alphonse Piaget
* 1887: Contes à la lune, short stories; Librairie illustrée
* 1888: Entre conjoints !, short story; H. Kistemaeckers
* 1888: Un rendez-vous, comedy in i act; Paul Ollendorff
* 1888: Tes seins, poems; Librairie nouvelle
* 1889: La mariée récalcitrante, comédie-bouffe in cinq acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1890: La course aux jupons, comedy in 3 acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1890: La Diva en tournée, comedy in 1 act; Paul Ollendorff
* 1890: L'Enlèvement de Sabine, comédie-bouffe in 3 acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1890: Le Gros lot, comedy in 1 act; Paul Ollendorff
* 1891: Bonheur à quatre, comedy in 3 acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1891: De fil en aiguille, scènes de la vie folâtre in 4 days; Paul Ollendorff
* 1892: Le Pardon, comedy in 3 acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1892: La Tournée Ernestin, comédie inédite in 4 acts
* 1893: Le Sous-Préfet de Château-Buzard, comédie inédite in 3 acts
* 1893: Le Supplice d'un Auvergnat, comedy in 1 act, mingled with song; Paul Ollendorff
* 1894: Les Dames du Plessis-Rouge, five-act play; Paul Ollendorff
* 1894: Une Femme facile, comedy in 1 act; Paul Ollendorff
* 1895: Associés !, comedy in 3 acts; Paul Ollendorff
* 1895: La Cage aux lions, comédie-bouffe inédite in 3 acts
* 1895: Ferdinand le noceur, comedy in 1 act; l'Illustration
* 1896: La Tortue, comédie inédite in 3 acts
* 1896: La Villa Gaby, comédie inédite in 3 acts; l'Illustration
* 1897: Madame Jalouette, comédie inédite in 3 acts
* 1898: L'Amorceur, comédie inédite in 4 acts
* 1900: Zigomar, pièce inédite in 3 acts
* 1901: Radinol a du coton !, comédie-bouffe inédite in 3 acts (in collaboration with M. Landais)
* 1905: Le Devoir conjugal, comédie inédite in 3 acts
* 1905: Vers l'amour, five-act play; l'Illustration
* 1909: Euterpé ambigua, texte; Société Internationale de musicologie
* 1909: L'Ex, comédie inédite in 4 acts
* 1910: Les Pigeonnettes, comédie-bouffe inédite in 3 acts (in collaboration with Alphonse de Beil)
* 1911: Sauvé des eaux, comédie inédite in 1 act; Je sais tout