OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eddie Hasha

Eddie Hasha (died September 8, 1912) was an American motorcycle racer on board tracks early in the twentieth century. His death contributed to the demise of the board tracks. He was nicknamed the "Texas Cyclone" since he was from Waco, Texas, United States.

## Racing career

Hasha began racing on board tracks in 1911 at Denver. He rode an 8-valve Indian motorcycle. In May 1911, Hasha attained a speed of 95 miles per hour (153 kilometres per hour) at the Playa del Rey, California, motordrome, setting a record for the mile. In 1912, Hasha beat all of the established stars at the Los Angeles Motordrome, and set professional records in the process. He then headed from the western United States to the east.
At one point Hasha went into a brief hiatus when he worked at a Harley-Davidson dealership in Dallas, having known Arthur Davidson as a close friend and business partner, who at one time loaned a racing motorcycle to Hasha in a 1910 race, defeating Bob Stubbs at Waco, Texas; he went back into motorcycle racing soon afterwards.

## Death

Hasha competed at the Newark Motordrome in Newark, New Jersey, on September 8, 1912, in front of 5000 spectators. After the feature event was completed, he competed in a five-mile handicap race against five other riders. Among them was Ray Seymour, who held the world record. Hasha and Seymour were the only two riders to race without a handicap; the other four were given a one-lap handicap. Hasha held a slight lead at the end of the first lap. While leading on the third lap, Hasha's motorcycle began to misfire. He reached his hand down to make an adjustment, and was overtaken by Seymour. Hasha accelerated, picking up enough speed to close on Seymour. Traveling at 92 miles per hour (148 km/h), Hasha's motorcycle suddenly turned sharply into the rail surrounding the track. The bike rode the rail for around 100 feet (30 m), killing a boy who had put his head over the rail to watch the race. The machine then struck a large post. Hasha flew out of the racing area into the grandstands, and was killed instantly. Three other boys and a young man were also killed. The now-riderless machine dropped back onto the racing surface into the path of last-place rider Johnny Albright. The motorcycle hit the Denver rider in the shoulder and he slid down the track between the two machines. Albright died four hours later without regaining consciousness. Spectators panicked at the sight of a spinning motorcycle heading their way. Several people had broken bones and flesh wounds as they fought and trampled each other in the rush to get out of the way. It took over an hour to clear the grandstands. Medics came from all parts of the city to attend to the injured and those who had fainted.

## Impact on board tracks

Hasha's death made the front page of The New York Times. Having opened earlier that year on July 4, the board track was shut down and never reopened. The deaths brought comparisons between board track racing and Roman gladiatorial contests. Short ¼ – ⅓ mile board tracks began to close after they were labeled "murderdromes" by the media.
# L-165041

L-165041 is a phenyloxyacetate PPARδ receptor agonist. It is less potent and PPARδ selective than GW 501516.
# Edgar Brooke

Edgar Brooke (19 December 1862 – 3 May 1938) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for Wellington in 1889/90.
# Fidinam

Fidinam is a multinational private consultancy company, which was founded in 1960 in Switzerland by Swiss lawyer, politician, and entrepreneur Tito Tettamanti, currently the Honorary Chairman of the Group. Fidinam is based in Ticino (Switzerland) and with an established team of c. 250 professionals has offices in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. The CEO of Fidinam is Roberto Grassi.

## Locations

Fidinam offices are located in Lugano (headquarters), Bellinzona, Mendrisio, Zurich, Geneva, Milan, Barcelona, Luxembourg, Principality of Monaco, Hong Kong, Dubai, Sydney, Singapore, Ho Chi Minh City, and Ebene (Mauritius).
# BBBB

BBBB may refer to:
* Bill Bailey's Birdwatching Bonanza, a British television game show
* Big Bad Beetleborgs, an American television series aired from 1996 to 1998
* Big Brother's Big Brain, a live discussion program that aired in 2006 and 2007
* Blackboard Inc., NASDAQ symbol BBBB, a Washington, D.C. software company
* "Brick by Boring Brick", a song by the American band Paramore
* "Bling-Bang-Bang-Born, a song by Creepy Nuts
# BB8

BB8 may refer to:
* BB8, a postcode district in the BB postcode area around Blackburn, United Kingdom
* BB-8, a fictional robot from the Star Wars films
* BB8 is the name of a self driving car prototype from Nvidia as presented on CES 2017
* Black Brant 8, a Canadian sounding rocket
* USS Alabama (BB-8), a United States Navy pre-dreadnought battleship commissioned in 1900 and scrapped in 1924
* Bb8, a chess move notation
# B. H. Katarki

Bhimareddy Hanumareddy Katarki (born 3 January 1924) is an Indian agricultural scientist specializing in cotton. During the 1970s, he was inspired by the success of Hybrid-4, Cotton by Dr. C. T. Patel, of Surat Research Station. Dr. Katarki also made a groundbreaking discovery of Varalaxmi, and DCH-32 Cotton varieties, at the Dharwad Agricultural University (Karnataka).

## Childhood and Education

Shri. Katarki completed B.Sc. (Agri.) 1945 Bombay); B.Sc. (Agri.) 1963 (IARI, New Delhi) and D.Sc. (Karnataka, Dharwad) 1975.

## Teacher and Researcher

Served in various capacities:
* Department of Agriculture, (1954–1965)
* University of Agricultural Sciences, at Bangalore, and Dharwad from, 1965–1983.
* Post graduate teacher and Zonal Coordinator of South Zone from 1980 to 1983.
* member of ISCI, and R & D Sub-Committees, at Bombay, from 1980 to 1982.

## Professional affiliations

* Fellow of the Indian Society of Genetic and Plant Breeding.
* Member of Indian Society of Cotton Improvement.(ISCI )
* Member of Scientific Panel for Plant Breeding ICAR, New Delhi from 1979 to 1983.
* Member of Governing Board of Karnataka State Seed Certification Agency from 1981 to 1983.
* Member of the Central State Farm Advisory Committee, in Karnataka, from 1979 to 1981
* Life member of Institute for Studies on Agriculture and Rural Development Dharwad, since 1982.

## Achievements

* Identified and released Extra long staple specific Tetra Ploid Cotton- Varalaxmi, in the year 1972.
* DCH-32 in the year 1981, for Commercial Production in Southern and Central Cotton Belts of India- Capable of Spinning up to 80s and 90s counts.
* DS-56 and DS-59 (in G. hirsutum L), DB-3-12 (G.herbacium L), in the year 1982 for rain- fed fields.

## Honours

* In 1965 and 1984, The Gold medal from the Government of Karnataka.
* In 1972, Citation from the UAS, Bangalore.
* In 1974, Honour from The Karnataka State Farmers' Forum.
* In 1976, ICAR Gold medal.
* In 1976, National tonnage club of farmers.
* In 1976, The Indian Merchant Chambers Award.
* In 1977 Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
* In 1981, Vasvik Industrial Research Award for outstanding achievements in the field of Agricultural Science and Technology.
* In 2007, ISCI, Mumbai's Hon. Fellowship Award, in appreciation of his valuable contribution towards improving the Production and Quality of Interspecific Hybrid cottons in India.
* EICA, UAS Alumni Association Bangalore, Andhra Pradesh State level Seed Growers, Merchants and Nurserymen Association.
* In 2004, Lifetime achievement Award by UAS Dharwad, Karnataka State.
# Azam Jah of the Carnatic

Azam Jah (1797 – 12 November 1825) was the Nawab of the Carnatic Sultanate from 1819 to 1825.
Azam Jah ascended the throne on the death of his father Azim-ud-Daula in 1819. He ruled for a short period of time and died in 1825. Azam Jah was succeeded by his minor son Ghulam Muhammad Ghouse Khan.
# BEN domain containing 4

BEN domain containing 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEND4 gene.
# BENGAL (project)

BENGAL was the acronym of the research project High-resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality. The project was funded through the EC MAST III program from 1996 to 1998 (EC contract MAS-3 950018).
The project was a three-year multidisciplinary study of the abyssal benthic boundary layer in the northeast Atlantic. The aim of BENGAL was to determine how the seabed community and the geochemistry of the sediments change seasonally in response to a highly seasonal input of organic matter from the overlying water column. It did this by organising an intensive sampling programme on 14 research cruises over a two-year period and using a range of observational techniques including time-series sediment traps, marine snow cameras, benthic lander systems, long-term moorings and time-lapse photography. The study area was located in the middle of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain at a water depth of about 4850 m, 270 km southwest of Ireland (central location: 48°50′N 16°30′W). The BENGAL project involved 17 partners from 9 European countries.
# Cycloartenol synthase

In enzymology, a cycloartenol synthase (EC 5.4.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
    (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene $\rightleftharpoons$ cycloartenol
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and one product, cycloartenol.
This enzyme is an oxidosqualene cyclase and belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular transferases transferring other groups. This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids.

## Nomenclature

The systematic name of this enzyme class is:
* (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene mutase (cyclizing, cycloartenol-forming).
Other names in common use include:
* 2,3-epoxysqualene cycloartenol-cyclase
* squalene-2,3-epoxide-cycloartenol cyclase
* 2,3-epoxysqualene cycloartenol-cyclase
* 2,3-epoxysqualene-cycloartenol cyclase
* 2,3-oxidosqualene-cycloartenol cyclase
# Ashton National F.C.

Ashton National Football Club was an English football club from Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire which played in the Cheshire County League in the 1920s and 1930s. They were sometimes also known as Ashton National Gas due to their connections with the National Gas and Oil Engine Company based in the town.

## History

Ashton National joined the Cheshire County League in 1920, finishing 12th in their first season. They were third the following season and in both the 1926–27 and 1928–29 seasons. They remained in the Cheshire League until the Second World War ended competitive football, including finishing 2nd in the East Section in 1939. When football resumed after the war, Ashton National did not reappear.
They played in the Manchester Premier Cup, winning it in 1937, 1940 and 1945 and were runners-up in 1936.
In December 1932, Ashton National hosted what is thought to be the United Kingdom's first properly floodlit match, playing Hyde United in an exhibition match.

## Stadium

The club played at National Park, Katherine Street, Ashton. The ground was taken over in the 1970s by Curzon Ashton. Curzon moved to the nearby Tameside Stadium in 2005 and the site of National Park is now a housing estate.

## Players

Although a non-league side, in 1932, Ashton National, funded by the National Gas and Oil Engine Company which was based in the town, signed Scotland international Alex Jackson from First Division Chelsea. His move to Ashton was based on the fact that while they could pay Jackson £15 a week, Chelsea as a Football League club were bound by rules of a maximum wage of £8 per week. Other notable players included former Port Vale and West Bromwich Albion forward Bobby Blood, former Chesterfield and later Manchester United forward Samuel Hopkinson, former Huddersfield Town and Birmingham City forward Ernie Islip, former Bolton Wanderers forward Jimmy Currier, former Brighton & Hove Albion and Swansea Town forward Jack Cheetham, and Fred Smith the former Stockport County player who later played for Darlington, Exeter City and Gillingham. Australian goalkeeper Walter Cornock also played for Ashton National, later playing in the Football League for Oldham Athletic and Rochdale and also playing county cricket for Leicestershire. George Capper, a Manchester United player in the Wartime League & a National Gas Employee played for Ashton National in the 1950s after serving five years in the Army ( personal testimony ).
# Ctenobium

Ctenobium is a genus of death-watch beetles in the family Ptinidae. There is at least one described species in Ctenobium, C. antennatum.
# Ctenobryum

Ctenobryum makongense is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Podostemaceae. It is the sole species in genus Ctenobryum. It is endemic to Laos.
# Smithfield Packing Company

The Smithfield Packing Company sells meat products such as ham, ground pork, pork chops, bacon, and lunch meat. It sells its products worldwide. The company was founded in 1936. It is based in Smithfield, Virginia. It is part of Smithfield Foods which is in turn a subsidiary of WH Group.

## History

The firm was founded on September 16, 1936, in Smithfield, Virginia and was originally known as the Luter Packing Company. Joe Luter and his son Joe Luter II, both experienced meatpackers, founded the firm together. The senior Luter was born in Ivor town in Southampton County, Virginia in 1879. Joe Luter's grandson, Joe Luter III, would go on to lead the company decades later.
Smithfield, Virginia was known for its pork products as early as the 18th Century. Isle of Wight bacon and Smithfield ham were its most famous products. In 1926, a law was passed, making it illegal to refer to any pork not processed within Smithfield's boundaries as "Smithfield ham." Luter and his son started curing Smithfield hams and selling them to small stores located nearby.
Smithfield Packing opened a large facility in Tar Heel, North Carolina in 1992. The company offered thousands of workers in impoverished Bladen County hourly pay double the federal minimum wage. As of 2018, the size of the Tar Heel plant had about 973,000 square feet in floor area. As of early 2020, Smithfield Packing had made more than $130,000,000 in recent investments in Bladen County.
As of 2012, Smithfield Packing employed about 12,500 people and had sales of about $4 billion.
In November 2012, Smithfield Packing began the process of shutting down a plant in Portsmouth, Virginia that made hot dogs and deli meats and moving it to Kinston, North Carolina. This closure affected about 425 workers. Transfers to other plants were offered to some workers. The company negotiated with the plant's union regarding the terms of any chances for further employment. The company provided proper notice under the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act and referred affected workers to state agencies for assistance. The Portsmouth plant was designed and built in the 1970s and could not be adapted to the needs of the modern meat-packing industry.
In March 2013, Smithfield Packing announced the closure of a bone-in ham plant located in Landover, Maryland. The company said it would attempt to employ the affected workers at other sites.
# Aniba rosaeodora

Aniba rosaeodora, also known as pau-rosa, is a species of Magnoliid tree in the family Lauraceae. Often confused as rosewood, the plant doesn't grow on any tree of the genus Dalbergia. It grows in parts of the tropical rainforest of South America. It is an endangered species that is exploited due to its essential oil.

## Description

Aniba rosodora grows in the tropical rainforests of South America. It is found in the Brazilian states of Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará. It is also found in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and French Guiana, where it was formerly more widespread. It is massive, up to 30 meters in height and 2 meters in diameter, and evergreen. The entire tree is fragrant. Substances in the tree include linalool and rubranine. The flowers are perfect, with temporal dioecy. The fruit is a purple drupe dispersed by toucans.
It has 24 chromosomes. Gene flow is high between wild populations.

## Uses

The plant is one of the commercially important sources of rosewood oil. The tree is collected in the wild. After felling, the trees are cut into one–meter long logs which are taken to the riverbank and stockpiled there. When river levels are high enough, the logs are floated downriver to a distillery. Because of the remoteness and difficulty of travel in the Amazon, distilleries are often mobile, movable by raft. When they arrive at the distillery, the logs are chipped and then steam distilled. Each tree yields about 1% oil by weight of wood. Most worldwide production comes from Brazil; since the 1960s, other areas produce only a minor, insignificant amount. Trees are taken from near the Amazon and its tributaries.
The wood may also be utilized by the indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin for the purposes of making canoes, but this is a minor use. In addition, old chips are used as fuel to run the distilleries. The Aniba rosodora is known as Pau-Rosa in Brazil. The supply of this wood was greatly overused in the past and it now is as difficult to legally trade as elephant ivory.

## Conservation

Aniba rosodora is an endangered species. Populations have declined rapidly due to the destructive harvesting methods. Areas previously logged have not seen much regrowth. It might even be critically endangered. Wild populations exist in remote locations, which are hence unlikely to be exploited.
The Brazilian government has enacted regulations to help conserve the species. There have been difficulties with enforcement. Early experiments in artificial cultivation and propagation were failures. More recent attempts have been more successful. It, or rather its wood and essential oil, is on Appendix II of CITES. If the leaves could be used as a source, it would help conserve the species. It has been suggested that production methods be altered to ensure a sustainable supply. It is also listed on the Official list of endangered flora of Brazil.
# Caproni Ca.164

The Caproni Ca.164 was a training biplane produced in Italy shortly prior to World War II. It was a largely conventional biplane intended as a follow-on to the Ca.100 and sharing that aircraft's layout with a slightly smaller upper wing.

## Development

The prototype was designated the Ca.163, built by Caproni Taliedo and first flown on 17 November 1938. It had a steel tube fuselage, wooden wings, and fabric covering. Flight testing revealed some poor handling characteristics, however, which made it completely unsuitable for its intended role. Nevertheless, the Regia Aeronautica acquired some 280 examples of the Ca.164 to use in liaison roles within bomber units. Some of these were pressed into use for tactical reconnaissance during the Croatian campaign. The Armée de l'Air also purchased 100 aircraft.

## Operators
### France

* Armee de l'Air

### Kingdom of Italy

* Regia Aeronautica
* Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force

### Italy

* Italian Air Force

## Surviving aircraft

No examples of the Ca.164 survive, but the prototype Ca.163 is on display at the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics, Trento Airport, Italy. As a private venture, it was originally not registered, but it was later registered I-WEST.

## Specifications

General characteristics
* Crew: 2, pilot and instructor
* Length: 7.74 m (25 ft 4 in)
* Wingspan: 9.75 m (32 ft 0 in)
* Height: 3.00 m (9 ft 10 in)
* Wing area: 22.4 m$^2$ (241 sq ft)
* Empty weight: 850 kg (1,874 lb)
* Gross weight: 1,175 kg (2,590 lb)
* Powerplant: 1 × Alfa Romeo 115 , 138 kW (185 hp)
Performance
* Maximum speed: 230 km/h (143 mph, 124 kn)
* Range: 530 km (329 mi, 286 nmi)
* Service ceiling: 4,200 m (13,780 ft)
* Rate of climb: 3.6 m/s (708 ft/min)
# Fidia

Fidia (formerly known as Lypesthes) is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is distributed in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa.

## Taxonomic history

In 1861, Victor Motschulsky described a new species of beetle from Japan with the name Fidia atra. In 1863, Joseph Sugar Baly designated Fidia atra as the type species of a newly established genus with the name Lypesthes. In a 2008 review of the New World genus Fidia Baly, 1863, it was determined that Motschulsky's species description made the name Fidia available first, meaning that Lypesthes Baly, 1863 is a junior synonym of Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 and that Fidia Baly, 1863 is a junior homonym.
An application to suppress Fidia Motschulsky, 1861 (with the year incorrectly given as "1860") and conserve usage of Fidia Baly, 1863 and Lypesthes Baly, 1863 was submitted to the ICZN in 2006. This proposal was rejected by the commission in 2009, upholding the priority of Fidia Motschulsky, 1861. Following this ruling, Fidia Baly, 1863 was renamed to Neofidia in 2020.

## Species

There are 33 species currently recognised in the genus Fidia:
Subgenus Fidia Motschulsky, 1861
* Fidia albida (Pic, 1923)
* Fidia atra Motschulsky, 1861
* Fidia basalis (Chen, 1940)
* Fidia bicoloripes (Pic, 1936)
* Fidia bisquamosa (Chen, 1935)
* Fidia brancuccii (Medvedev, 1993)
* Fidia carinata (Eroshkina, 1992)
* Fidia fulva (Baly, 1878)
* Fidia gracilicornis (Baly, 1861)
* Fidia impressa (Pic, 1928)
* Fidia indica (Jacoby, 1908)
* Fidia irregularis (Eroshkina, 1992)
* Fidia itoi (Chûjô, 1954)
* Fidia japonica (Ohno, 1958)
* Fidia kiiensis (Ohno, 1958)
* Fidia laeta (Medvedev, 2007)
* Fidia lewisi (Baly, 1878)
* Fidia mausonica (Eroshkina, 1992)
* Fidia medvedevi Kumari et al., 2020
* Fidia perelegans (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961)
* Fidia phoebicola (Tan, 1983)
* Fidia picea (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961)
* Fidia regalis (Medvedev & Zoia, 1996)
* Fidia rufa (Pic, 1924)
* Fidia shirozui (Kimoto, 1969)
* Fidia sinensis (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961)
* Fidia striata (Eroshkina, 1992)
* Fidia submaculata (Pic, 1924)
* Fidia subregularis (Pic, 1923)
* Fidia sulcatifrons (Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961)
* Fidia vietnamica (Eroshkina, 1992)
* Fidia vittata (Zhou & Tan, 1997)
Subgenus Lypesthinia Pic, 1939
* Fidia multidentata (Pic, 1939)