OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Languaculture

Languaculture means that a language includes elements such as grammar and vocabulary, past knowledge, local and cultural information, habits, and behaviors. The American anthropologist Michael Agar created the term.

## Meaning

Agar used the term "languaculture" for the first time in his book Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation. Languaculture is a supposed improvement on the word "linguaculture" coined by the American linguistic anthropologist Paul Friedrich. Agar explains the change by stating that "language" is a more commonly used word in English. "Lingua culture" seems to be becoming more common (cf. Risager 2012).
When Agar talks about languaculture, he defines it as the necessary tie between language and culture. He underlines that languages and cultures are always closely related and it is not possible to distinguish languages from cultures. Therefore, you cannot know a language if you don't also know the culture expressed by that language.
The notion of culture and its understanding involve the link between two different languacultures that Agar defines as LC1 (source languaculture) and LC2 (target languaculture).

## Rich points

The learning of target languaculture is driven by "rich points," when people realize that culture is different from their own and when they face some behaviors they do not understand. Rich points are those surprises, those departures from an outsider's expectations that signal a difference between source languaculture and target languaculture. They are the moments of incomprehension when people suddenly do not know what is happening. In this situation, different reactions are possible. People can ignore the rich point and hope the next part makes sense. People can perceive it as evidence that the person who produced it lacks something. Or people can wonder why they do not understand and if maybe some other languaculture comes into play. Therefore, rich points belong to daily life and not only to language. Agar highlights that the term rich has the positive connotations of thickness, wealth, and abundance. The most significant rich point is the incomprehension due to huge differences between source and target languaculture. In this case, people face a "culture shock" that causes deep bewilderment. The minor rich point can occur among different groups of the same community.
Rich points come from the fact that every statement implicitly refers to various elements taken for granted in a particular culture and does not match the details of another culture (cultural implicitness).

## Culture in languaculture

According to Agar, culture is a construction, a translation between source languaculture and target languaculture. Like a translation, it makes no sense to talk about the culture of X without saying the culture of X for Y, taking into account the standpoint from which it is observed. For this reason, culture is relational. Moreover, culture is always plural. No person or group can be completely described, explained, or generalized with a single cultural label.
# 2EL5

The 2EL5 is a Ukrainian AC electric locomotive manufactured by Luhanskteplovoz. Ukrainian Railways leased 70 2EL5 locomotives in 2013, as replacements for Soviet-era VL8s.
# Foucherolles

Foucherolles (French pronunciation:) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
# 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade

The 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade was a formation of the Canadian Army that served in both World War I and World War II. The brigade fought on the Western Front during World War I, and in Sicily and Italy during the Second World War. In both wars, the brigade formed part of the 1st Canadian Division.
The brigade was first commanded from its formation in September 1914 to September 1915 by Arthur Currie.

## Order of Battle
### World War I

* 5th Battalion (Western Cavalry), CEF. August 1914 – November 11, 1918;
* 6th Battalion (Fort Garrys), CEF. August 1914 – December 1914 (Became Canadian Cavalry Depot);
* 7th Battalion (1st British Columbia), CEF. August 1914 – November 11, 1918;
* 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF. August 1914 – November 11, 1918;
* 10th Battalion (Canadians), CEF. January 1915 – November 11, 1918.

### World War II

* Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
* The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada
* The Loyal Edmonton Regiment
* 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
# Lansdowne station

Lansdowne station may refer to:
* Lansdowne station (MBTA), a commuter rail station in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, formerly known as Yawkey station
* Lansdowne station (SEPTA), a SEPTA train station in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, United States
* Lansdowne station (SkyTrain), a Metro Vancouver SkyTrain station in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
* Lansdowne station (Toronto), a subway station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Lansdowne Avenue station, a SEPTA trolley stop in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, United States
* Lansdowne Road railway station, an Irish Rail station in Dublin, Ireland
* Lancaster and Lansdowne station, a SEPTA trolley stop in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
# Francisco de Figueroa

Francisco de Figueroa may refer to:
* Francisco de Figueroa (bishop) (1634–1691), Spanish Roman Catholic bishop
* Francisco de Figueroa (poet) (1530–1588), Spanish poet
* Francisco Acuña de Figueroa (1791–1862), Uruguayan poet and writer
# Frank Kurtis

Frank Peter Kurtis (born Kuretich; January 25, 1908 – February 17, 1987) was an American racing car designer. He designed and built midget cars, quarter-midgets, sports cars, sprint cars, Indy cars, and Formula One cars. He was the founder of Kurtis Kraft.

## Career

Kurtis was born in Crested Butte, Colorado. He began working with fabrication when he was hired by Willet Brown and Tom Lee to rework Don Lee Racing Team's midget car bodies.
Kurtis started Kurtis Kraft when he built his own midget car chassis in the late 1930s. In 1941, Kurtis designed a car named The Californian for Joel Thorne. Glenn Gordon "Gary" Davis (d. 1973) saw this car, and used the design for his Davis D-2 Divan, a 3-wheeled design of which only 13 were produced.
He built some very low glass-fibre bodied two-seaters sports cars under his own name in Glendale, California between 1949 and 1955. Ford (US) running gear was used. About 17 Kurtis Sport Cars had been made when the licence was sold to Madman Muntz who built the Muntz Jet. In 1954 and 1955, road versions of his Indianapolis racers were offered.
Kurtis Kraft created over 550 ready-to-run midget cars, and 600 kits. The Kurtis Kraft chassis midget car featured a smaller version of the Offenhauser motor. The National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame describes the combination as "virtually unbeatable for over twenty years." Kurtis Kraft created 120 Indianapolis 500 cars, including five winners.
Kurtis sold his midget car business to Johnny Pawl in the late 1950s, and his quarter midget business to Ralph Potter in 1962. Kurtis died in February 1987.

## Origins

His father Frank (Franjo) Andrew Kuretić was born in Razdrto, Croatia. Franjo worked as a blacksmith in the nearby Brod Moravice. He followed his brother Mijo (Mihovil) to the United States in 1902, where he married Apolonija Mary (Apolonija) Kuretić, originally also from Razdrto, Croatia on April 22, 1907 in Utah.

## Awards

* He was inducted in the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in 1994.
* He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1999.
* He was the first non-driver to be inducted in the National Midget Auto Racing Hall of Fame at his 1986 induction.
# 30 Persei

30 Persei is a binary star system in the northern constellation Perseus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.49. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.46±0.39 mas, is located roughly 730 light years from the Sun. It is a member of the Perseus OB3 association, which includes the Alpha Persei Cluster.
This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary star system with an orbital period of 36.5 days and an eccentricity of roughly 0.3. The visible component is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B7 V. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 212 km/s. The star has 4.2 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating around 611 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,908 K.
# Frank C. Damrell Jr.

Frank Cadmus Damrell Jr. (born July 6, 1938) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California. He is also a Trustee of the University of California at Merced. In CAPEEM v. Noonan, he extended the right of educational entities to use the n-word with immunity from challenges under the Equal Protection Clause to school textbooks adopted by the State Board of Education, a right that had been granted to the Board of Education for use in literary works due to the ruling in Monteiro v. Tempe Union.

## Early life and education

Born in Modesto, California, Damrell received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1961 and a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1964.

## Career

Damrell was a deputy in the Office of the State Attorney General of California from 1964 to 1966. He was a deputy district attorney of Office of the District Attorney, California from 1966 to 1968. He was in private practice in Modesto from 1968 to 1997.

## Federal judicial service

Damrell is a former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California. Damrell was nominated by President Bill Clinton on July 24, 1997, to a seat vacated by Edward J. Garcia. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 9, 1997, and received his commission on November 12, 1997. When he was appointed to the court, his connections to the Gallo family generated controversy. He assumed senior status on December 31, 2008. He retired on December 1, 2011.
# Langyashan

Langyashan (Chinese: 狼牙山; pinyin: Lángyáshān), named after the nearby Mount Langya (狼牙山), is a town of Yi County in southwestern Hebei province, China, located in the Taihang Mountains 42 kilometres (26 mi) southwest of the county seat. As of 2011, it has 20 villages under its administration.
# 402nd Fighter-Day Group

The 402d Fighter-Day Group is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Tactical Air Command, being inactivated at Greenville Air Force Base, Mississippi on 8 February 1957.

## History
### World War II

The 402d Bombardment Group was activated in China and assigned to Fourteenth Air Force in early 1943. Programmed for North American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers, however no aircraft or squadrons were assigned and its headquarters apparently was never fully manned. The unit was disbanded a few months later.
The 402d Fighter Group was first activated by I Fighter Command in October 1943 at Westover Field, Massachusetts, with the 538th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 539th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and 540th Fighter Squadrons assigned. Less than two weeks later, the group moved to Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina. At Seymour Johnson, the 538th and 539th Squadrons were reassigned to the 326th Fighter Group, which transferred two of its squadrons to the 402d.

### Cold War

The two World War II groups were reconstituted and consolidated as the 402d Fighter-Day Group and assigned to Tactical Air Command. Planned as an F-100 Super Sabre group, however decision was made to keep Greenville AFB as an Air Training Command base. As a result, no aircraft were assigned and the unit was inactivated in 1957.

## Lineage
### 402d Bombardment Group

* Constituted as the 402d Bombardment Group (Medium) on 20 April 1943
    Activated on 19 May 1943
    Disbanded on 31 July 1943
* Reconstituted and consolidated with the 402d Fighter Group on 3 October 1956

### 402d Fighter-Day Group

* Constituted as the 402d Fighter Group on 24 September 1943
    Activated on 1 October 1943
    Disbanded on 10 April 1944.
* Reconstituted as the 402d Fighter-Day Group on 4 October 1956
    Activated on 15 October 1956
    Inactivated on 8 February 1957

### Assignments

* Fourteenth Air Force, 19 May – 31 July 1943
* I Fighter Command, 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944 (attached to New York Fighter Wing until 13 October 1943)
* Tactical Air Command, 15 October 1956 – 8 February 1957

### Components

* 320th Fighter (later Fighter-Day) Squadron: 25 November 1943 – 10 April 1944; 15 October 1956 – 8 February 1957
* 442d Fighter (later Fighter-Day) Squadron: 25 November 1943 – 10 April 1944; 15 October 1956 – 8 February 1957
* 452d Fighter Squadron: 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944
* 538th Fighter Squadron: 1 October – 25 November 1943
* 539th Fighter Squadron: 1 October – 25 November 1943
* 540th Fighter (later Fighter-Day) Squadron: 1 October 1943 – 10 April 1944; 15 October 1956 – 8 February 1957

### Stations

* Kunming Airport, China, 19 May – 31 July 1943
* Westover Field, Massachusetts, 1 October 1943
* Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina, c. 13 October 1943
* Bluethenthal Field, North Carolina, c. 9 December 1943
* Bradley Field, Connecticut, c. 11 February – 10 April 1944
* Greenville Air Force Base, Mississippi, 15 October 1956 – 8 February 1957

### Aircraft

* P-47 Thunderbolt, 1943–1944
# 402nd Maintenance Wing

The 402nd Maintenance Wing, sometimes written as 402d Maintenance Wing, (402 MXW) is an inactive wing of the United States Air Force last based at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. As a maintenance wing it provided depot maintenance, engineering support, and software development to major weapon systems (F-15 Eagle, C-5 Galaxy, C-130 Hercules, C-17 Globemaster III and Special Operations Forces aircraft).
From 1943 to 1945, RAF Station Warton, 6.9 miles west of Preston, Lancashire, where the 402d Air Depot, later the 402d Base Air Depot, was located, operated as a United States Army Air Forces depot and staging point. Thousands of aircraft were processed at Warton on their way to active service in Great Britain, North Africa, the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, and mainland Europe.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the 402d Air Depot on 30 March 1943
    Activated on 15 April 1943
    Redesignated 402d Base Air Depot on 17 July 1944
    Inactivated on 24 November 1945
* Disbanded on 8 October 1948
* Reconstituted and redesignated 402d Maintenance Wing on 31 January 2005
    Activated on 4 March 2005
    Inactivated on 1 October 2012

### Assignments

* Eighth Air Force (later United States Strategic Air Forces, United States Air Forces Europe), 15 April 1943 – 24 November 1945
* Warner Robins Air Logistics Center (later Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex), 4 March 2005 (attached to Air Force Sustainment Center after 17 July 2012)
* Air Force Sustainment Center, 1 October 2012 – present (inactivated 1 October 2012)

### Components

* 402d Aircraft Maintenance Group, 4 March 2005 – 1 October 2012 (attached to Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex after 17 July 2012)
* 402d Commodities Maintenance Group, 4 March 2005 – 1 October 2012 (attached to Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex after 17 July 2012)
* 402d Electronics Maintenance Group, 4 March 2005 – 1 October 2012 (attached to Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex after 17 July 2012)
* 402d Maintenance Support Group, 4 March 2005 – 1 October 2012 (attached to Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex after 17 July 2012)
* 402d Software Maintenance Group, 4 March 2005 – 1 October 2012 (attached to Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex after 17 July 2012)

### Stations

* RAF Warton (Station 582), Lancashire, 15 April 1943 – 24 November 1945
* Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, 4 March 2005 - 1 October 2012
# 41 Comae Berenices

41 Comae Berenices is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. It is visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 4.80. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 8.6 mas, it is located around 379 light years away. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −16 km/s.
At the age of about 4.5 billion years, this is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K5-III, currently on the red giant branch. It has 1.2 times the mass of the Sun and, after consuming the hydrogen at its core, has expanded to 34 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 323 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,211 K.
In 2017, one planet (HD 113996 b) was found orbiting it via the radial velocity method. The planet has a mass of at least 6.3±1.0 M$_J$, a semi-major axis of 1.6±0.1 AU, an orbital period of 610.2±3.8 d, and an eccentricity of 0.28±0.12.
The 41 Comae Berenices planetary system :
| Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
| b | ≥6.3±1.0 M$_J$ | 1.6±0.1 | 610.2±3.8 | 0.28±0.12 | — | — |
# The Man (Lorne Greene album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
The Man is an album by Canadian musician and actor Lorne Greene. It was released by RCA Victor in 1965.
Greene introduces each song on the album. The title is a reference to Greene's selection as Canada's Man of the Year, in 1965.
"The Man" peaked at #72 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

## Track listing
### Original release

* "Pop Goes the Hammer" – 3:09
* "End of Track" – 2:28
* "Nine Pound Hammer" – 2:37
* "Bring on the Dancing Girls" – 2:16
* "Oh! What a Town" – 3:08
* "Fourteen Men" – 2:40
* "Destiny" – 2:56
* "Sixteen Tons" – 3:12
* "Trouble Row" – 3:30
* "Chickasaw Mountain" – 1:58
* "Darling, My Darling" – 3:21
* "The Man" – 3:21

### 2009 edition bonus tracks

In addition to the original release, bonus tracks were released in 2009:
* "The Search" – 3:16
* "Dig, Dig, Dig, Dig (There's No More Water in the Well)" – 2:12
* "Ol' Cyclone" – 2:37
* "Twilight on the Trail" – 2:25
* "Geronimo" – 2:45
* "Mule Train" – 2:11
* "I'm a Gun" – 3:33
* "Gunslinger's Prayer" – 2:30
* "An Ol' Tin Cup (And a Battered Ol' Coffee Pot)" – 2:53
* "Endless Prairie" – 3:14
* "Ringo" – 3:36
* "Five Card Stud" – 2:59
* "Cool Water" – 2:50
* "The Devil's Grin" – 2:08
* "Gold" – 1:59
* "Sand" – 2:12
# Eucheria

Eucheria was a Roman poet who was active sometime in the late 5th to early 6th centuries AD. Along with Sulpicia, she was a rare example of a Roman female satirist.
One poem of hers survives, an epigram that ridicules a lower-class suitor. The poem is composed of 16 elegiac couplets, which play on the theme of courtship between classes with the juxtaposition of objects of high and low quality, such as a "noble Punic tunic and an awful shaggy rag." Vocabulary in the poem suggests that she may have been from Gaul, particularly the court in Aquitania. Attempts to identify her with historically attested women named Eucheria active in Late Antique Gaul have been inconclusive.
# Der Wiederentdecker Uralter Arischer Weisheit

Guido v. List: Der Wiederentdecker Uralter Arischer Weisheit - Sein Leben und sein Schaffen is a book written by Johannes Balzli in 1917 on the Armanic occultist Guido von List.
The English translation of the title is Guido v. List - The Rediscoverer of Ancient Aryan Wisdom - His Life and His Work.
It was published while Theosophists acknowledged List's nationalist popularization of their doctrines, that was published in Vienna by the Guido-von-List-Gesellschaft in 1917.
It was republished later in the 20th century by Adolf Schleipfer.
This biography of List was the only book length biography of List.
During 1916 and 1917 List wrote several articles on the approaching national millennium, which was supposed to be realized once the Allies had been defeated, Balzli published 2 of these predictions in Prana in 1917.
# The Flanders Panel

The Flanders Panel (original Spanish title La tabla de Flandes) is a novel written by Spanish author Arturo Pérez-Reverte in 1990, telling of a mystery hidden in an art masterpiece spanning from the 15th century to the present day.

## Plot summary

Julia, an art restorer and evaluator living in Madrid, discovers a painted-over message on a 1471 Flemish masterpiece called La partida de ajedrez (The Chess Game) which reads "Quis Necavit Equitem", written in Latin (English: "Who killed the knight?"). The painting appears as the cover of the book in some editions.
With the help of her old friend and father-figure, an antiques dealer named César, and Muñoz, a quiet local chess master, Julia works to uncover the mystery of a 500-year-old murder. At the same time, Julia faces danger of her own, as several people helping her along her search are also murdered.

## Film adaptation

The 1994 British film Uncovered, starring Kate Beckinsale and John Wood, is a cinematic adaptation of the novel.
# Las Rozas

Las Rozas may refer to:

## Places
### Spain

* Las Rozas de Madrid, municipality in the Community of Madrid
* Las Rozas de Valdearroyo, municipality in Cantabria

## Sport

* Las Rozas CF, Spanish football club
* Las Rozas Black Demons, American football club from Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
# 4263 Abashiri

4263 Abashiri, provisional designation 1989 RL$_2$, is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter.
The asteroid was discovered on 7 September 1989, by Japanese astronomers Masayuki Yanai and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory in eastern Hokkaidō, Japan. It was named for the Japanese city of Abashiri.

## Orbit and classification

Abashiri is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,220 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. Due to a precovery obtained at Palomar Observatory in 1951, the asteroid's observation arc could be extended by 38 years prior to its discovery.

## Physical characteristics

Abashiri has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid.

### Rotation period

Between 2008 and 2016, three rotational lightcurves of Abashiri were obtained by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of between 4.8817 and 4.88230 hours with a corresponding brightness variation between 0.11 and 0.42 magnitude (U=3/3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Abashiri measures 9.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.20, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24, derived from 8 Flora, the Flora family's largest member and namesake, and calculates a somewhat smaller diameter of 7.2 kilometers.

## Naming

This minor planet was named for the Japanese city of Abashiri, known for its fishing industry. It is located at the Sea of Okhotsk, about 50 kilometers east of Kitami, in the eastern part of the island of Hokkaidō. The minor planets, 3720 Hokkaido and 3785 Kitami are named after the island and city, respectively. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 21 November 1991 (M.P.C. 19336).
# Larry Kenney (basketball)

Lawrence A. Kenney Jr. (June 13, 1920 – December 13, 2021) was an American professional basketball player. He appeared in one game for the Youngstown Bears during the 1945–46 National Basketball League season.
A native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Kenney attended St. Joseph's Preparatory School and then Saint Joseph's University, where he played for the men's basketball team. After his brief professional basketball career, Kenney earned a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He turned 100 in June 2020, and died on December 13, 2021, at the age of 101.