# Badung Regency

Badung is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. Its regency seat is in the upland town of Mangupura. It covers districts to the west of the provincial capital of Denpasar, and it has a land area of 418.52 km$^2$.
The regency had a population of 543,332 at the 2010 Census and 548,191 at the 2020 Census.; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 549,527 (comprising 275,168 males and 274,359 females). It had undergone a population boom in recent decades (although not subsequent to 2010), and had grown into the largest of the suburban regions of Greater Denpasar (Sarbagita). It covers Bali's most heavily populated tourist regions, including Kuta, Legian, Seminyak, Jimbaran, Nusa Dua, Canggu, Uluwatu, Badung, and Mengwi. The northern part of the regency is relatively unpopulated, but the part near the coast and west of Denpasar from Jimbaran and up to Canggu is heavily populated. Ngurah Rai International Airport is located within the Regency.

## History
### Establishment of the Badung Kingdom

In 1343 Majapahit came to power in Bali and was centered in Samprangan with its ruler, Dalem Sri Aji Kresna Kepakisan, who had a crown prince named I Dewa Anom Pemayun, which later, due to an incident, was renamed Sira Arya Benculuk Tegeh Kori by Dalem. According to folklore, Sira Arya Benculuk Tegeh Kori made a long journey to Ulun Danu Batur Temple and asked Ida Betari Ulun Danu Batur to be given "panugrahan" (blessing/wisdom) so that he would later become someone of authority and be respected by the people. its people. Sira Arya Benculuk Tegeh Kori's prayer was answered by Ida Betari Batur, and asked Sira Arya Benculuk Tegeh Kori to leave to the southwest (Gumi Badeng) precisely in Tonjaya, an area occupied by Ki Bendesa with his brothers Ki Pasek Kabayan, Ki Ngukuhin, and Ki Tangkas. On the initiative of Ki Bendesa and his brothers, it was decided through deliberation that Sira Arya Benculuk Tegeh Kori was appointed ruler of the area.
At the end of the 18th century the power of Puri Ksatriya fell to Kyayi Ngurah Made, as recipient of the throne from Kyayi Ngurah Jambe Ksatriya. Because Puri Ksatriya has been damaged due to the war for power. During his reign, Kyayi Ngurah Made ordered the construction of a new castle located in Tetaman Den-Pasar. > ('den-pasar' in Balinese means "north of the market"), which is to the south of the ruins of Puri Ksatriya. In 1788, Puri Agung Denpasar was officially used as the center of government for the Badung Kingdom and Kyayi Ngurah Made as King of Badung I used the title "I Gusti Ngurah Made Pemecutan", considering that he was a descendant of the Pemecutan Dynasty (1788–1813).

### Conquest of Badung by the Dutch

In 1826 the Netherlands was permitted by King I Gusti Made Ngurah to establish his station in Kuta, in return for this cooperation the king received a very beautiful gift. A Danish trader named Mads Johansen Lange who came to Bali at the age of 18 played a role as a mediator between the Dutch East Indies Government and Badung and other kingdoms in Bali. From then on, Mads Lange, who was born in 1806, was able to improve good relations with the kings in Bali. In 1856 Mads Lange was sick and asked to retire and decided to return to Denmark, but unfortunately he died when the ship he was on was leaving, and he was finally buried in Kuta.
In 1904 a Dutch-flagged merchant ship belonging to a Chinese from Banjarmasin named "Sri Komala" ran aground on Sanur Beach. The ship owner and the Dutch East Indies government accused the local community of stripping, destroying and seizing the contents of the ship and sued the kings of Badung for all the damage in the amount of 3,000 dollars silver and punish those who damaged the ship. The king's rejection of the accusations and payment of compensation, caused the Dutch East Indies government to prepare military expedition to Bali on 20 September 1906. Three infantry battalions and 2 artillery battalions immediately landed and attacked the Badung Kingdom.
After attacking Badung the Dutch invaded the city of Denpasar. The Dutch reached the city gate without encountering significant resistance, but suddenly they were greeted by a group of people dressed all in white, ready to carry out "war puputan" (fighting to death until the last drop of blood). Led by King I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung and the priests, bodyguards, relatives, men and women decorated themselves with gemstones and dressed in battle clothes went out into the middle of the battlefield. This was done because in Hinduism the goal of a warrior is to die on the battlefield so that his soul can go straight to heaven. Surrendering and dying in exile is the most humiliating thing. It was reported that before the puputan occurred, the crown prince of I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung named I Gusti Alit Ngurah, who was already 10 years old, was first rushed by several special soldiers of the royal guard, accompanied by his mother and several close family members of the castle, to the western area, precisely at Seminyak Village, Kuta. On 17 January 1907, I Gusti Alit Ngurah was captured and became a prisoner of war, and exiled to Mataram, Lombok, by the Dutch East Indies government.
After experiencing exile for approximately ten years, on 1 October 1917, at the urging of community leaders in Lombok such as I Gusti Putu Griya and Ida Pedanda Ketut Kelingan, as well as the pressure of the people of Badung, I Gusti Alit Ngurah was finally returned by the Dutch East Indies government to Denpasar, apart from that because security in Bali was relatively safe and there were no signs of a rebellion.

### Dutch Occupation Period

In 1929, after the reconstruction of Puri Agung Denpasar which was destroyed during puputan, I Gusti Alit Ngurah was appointed by the Dutch Indies as Regent of Badung with the title Cokorda Alit Ngurah. The Dutch East Indies government began to implement a new system of government, namely Zelfbestuur (swapraja government ]) to make it easier to regulate such a large colonial area on 1 July 1938, and this system was implemented simultaneously throughout the entire region of Bali which was divided into 8 landschapen, namely Buleleng, Jembrana, Tabanan, Badung, Gianyar, Bangli, Klungkung and Karangasem. At each landschapen a regional head is appointed with the title Zelbestuurder (King).
The election of regional heads is still predominantly based on the descendants of the king or from the previous king's family. In connection with this, for Zelbestuur Badung power is held by I Gusti Alit Ngurah from Puri Agung Denpasar with the title Cokorda Alit Ngurah. His inauguration and appointment (abhiseka) was carried out simultaneously with 8 other kings at Besakih Temple, Karangasem on 30 June 1938. This inauguration and appointment was carried out by Resident L.J.J. Caron. The rulers of the self-swapraja (Zelfbestuur) were members of the federation of kings which called Paruman Agung.

### Japanese occupation period

After several battles, the Japan army landed on Sanur Beach on 18 and 19 February 1942. From the direction of Sanur, the Japanese army entered the city of Denpasar without experiencing any resistance. Then, from Denpasar, Japan controlled all of Bali. First of all, what laid the foundations of Japanese power in Bali were the Japanese Army troops (Rikugun). Then, when the situation stabilized, control of the government was handed over to the civil government. When the Japanese entered Bali, Paruman Agung or the council of Balinese kings was changed to Sutyo Renmei.

### Period of Indonesian Independence

In 1945 after the surrender of the Japan and the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, Bali became part of the Government of State of East Indonesia. The State of East Indonesia was dissolved and all of its territory was merged into the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1950. The self-swapraja (kingdom) government in Bali was changed to the Council of Kings with its seat in Denpasar and chaired by a king. In October 1950, the Badung Swapraja government took the form of the Badung Government Council which was chaired by the chairman of the Daily Government Council which was held by the Head of Swapraja (Raja) and assisted by members of the Daily Government Council.
Based on Law no. 69 of 1958 starting from 1 December 1958, the autonomous regions in Bali were changed to Level II Regions at the level of regency, including Badung. Denpasar became the capital of the regional government of Badung Regency, then based on the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs Number Des.52/2/36-136 dated 23 June 1960, Denpasar was also designated as the capital of Bali Province which was originally domiciled in Singaraja.
Then based on Government Regulation Number 20 of 1978, Denpasar officially became an administrative city, and in line with the ability and potential of its region in implementing regional autonomy, on 15 January 1992, based on Law Number 1 of 1992, and Denpasar's status was upgraded to municipality, which was then inaugurated by the Minister of Home Affairs on 27 February 1992.

## Administrative districts

The Regency is divided into six districts (kecamatan), listed below from south to north with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the numbers of administrative villages in each district (totaling 16 urban kelurahan and 46 rural desa), and its post codes.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km$^2$ | Pop'n 2010 Census | Pop'n 2020 Census | Pop'n mid 2022 Estimate | Admin centre | No. of villages | Post code |
| 51.03.05 | South Kuta (Kuta Selatan) | 101.13 | 115,918 | 131,139 | 131,400 | Jimbaran | 6 $^{(a)}$ | 80362 |
| 51.03.01 | Kuta | 17.52 | 86,483 | 59,160 | 59,300 | Kuta | 5 $^{(b)}$ | 80361 |
| 51.03.06 | North Kuta (Kuta Utara) | 33.86 | 103,715 | 95,189 | 95,400 | Kerobokan | 6 $^{(c)}$ | 80363 |
| 51.03.02 | Mengwi | 82.00 | 122,829 | 132,786 | 133,200 | Mengwi | 20 $^{(d)}$ | 80351 |
| 51.03.03 | Abiansemal | 69.01 | 88,144 | 98,904 | 99,100 | Blahkiuh | 18 | 80352 |
| 51.03.04 | Petang | 115.00 | 26,243 | 31,013 | 31,100 | Petang | 7 | 80353 |
| | Totals | 418.52 | 543,332 | 548,191 | 549,527 | | 62 | |
Notes: (a) comprising three kelurahan (Benoa, Tanjung Benoa and Jimbaran) and three desa. (b) all five are kelurahan (Kedonganan, Tuban, Kuta, Legian and Seminyak). (c) comprising three kelurahan (Kerobokan Kelod, Kerobokan and Kerobokan Kaja) and three desa. (d) comprising five kelurahan (Abianbase, Kapal, Lukluk, Sading and Sempidi) and 15 desa.
* Map of Badung Regency in Bali
* Map of districts in Badung Regency
List of districts and sub-districts in Badung Regency as follows:
| Code | Districts | Urban villages | Rural villages | Status | List |
| 51.03.03 | Abiansemal | - | 18 | Rural villages | Abiansemal Angantaka Ayunan Blahkiuh Bongkasa Bongkasa Pertiwi Darmasaba Dauh Yeh Cani Jagapati Mambal Mekar Bhuana Punggul Sangeh Sedang Selat Sibang Gede Sibang Kaja Taman |
| 51.03.01 | Kuta | 5 | - | Urban villages | Kedonganan Tuban Kuta Legian Seminyak |
| 51.03.05 | South Kuta | 3 | 3 | Rural villages | Pecatu Ungasan Kutuh |
| 51.03.05 | South Kuta | 3 | 3 | Urban villages | Benoa Tanjung Benoa Jimbaran |
| 51.03.06 | North Kuta | 3 | 3 | Rural villages | Canggu Dalung Tibubeneng |
| 51.03.06 | North Kuta | 3 | 3 | Urban villages | Kerobokan Kerobokan Kelod Kerobokan Kaja |
| 51.03.02 | Mengwi | 5 | 15 | Rural villages | Baha Buduk Cemagi Gulingan Kekeran Kuwum Mengwi Mengwitani Munggu Penarungan Pererenan Sembung Sobangan Tumbak Bayuh Werdi Bhuwana |
| 51.03.02 | Mengwi | 5 | 15 | Urban villages | Abianbase Kapal Lukluk Sading Sempidi |
| 51.03.04 | Petang | | 7 | Rural villages | Belok Carangsari Getasan Pangsan Pelaga Petang Sulangai |
| | TOTAL | 16 | 46 | | |

## Demographics

Badung Regency is home to many people from outside Bali who came for work. Therefore, its ethnic makeup is more cosmopolitan than rural Bali, although some parts of the regency itself are still agricultural and rural. It has an area of 418.52 square kilometres (161.59 sq mi) with a population of 548,191 (at the 2020 Census), giving a density of 1,309.8 per square kilometre. The official estimate as at mid 2022 was 549,527 (comprising 275,168 males and 274,359 females).

## Breeding center

On 8 November 2011 a breeding center for the endangered Bali starling was officially inaugurated in Sibang, Badung Regency inside the Green School area with an initial 73 starlings. Twenty of the birds came from various zoos in Europe, another three came from Jurong Bird Park in Singapore, and the others were already at the breeding center. If the breeding program gets success, some of them will be released into the wild, four of the breeding stock to Koelner Zoo and three to Jurong Bird Park. There were currently about 500 birds throughout Bali, 287 of them in breeding centers.