# Zayin

Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician zayn 𐤆, Hebrew zayīn ז‎, Aramaic zain 𐡆, Syriac zayn ܙ, and Arabic zāy ز‎. It represents the sound [z]. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪘‎‎, South Arabian 𐩸, and Ge'ez ዘ.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z , Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З, as well as Ж.

## Origin

The Proto-Sinaitic glyph may have been called ziqq, may not have been based on a hieroglyph, and may have depicted a "fetter".
An alternative view is that it is based on the "copper ingot" hieroglyph (𓈔) in the form of an axeblade, after noting that the name "zayin" has roots in Aramaic to refer to "Arms," "Armor," and "Metal used for arms."
The Phoenician letter appears to be named after a sword or other weapon. In Hebrew, zayin (זין‎) means "weapon", the verb lĕzayyēn (לזיין‎) means "to arm", and the verb lĕhizdayyēn (להזדיין‎) means "to arm oneself".

## Arabic zāy

The letter is named zāy. It has two forms, depending on its position in the word:
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
| Glyph form: (Help) | ز‎ | ـز‎ | ـز‎ | ز‎ |
The similarity to rāʼ ر is likely a function of the original Syriac forms converging to a single symbol, requiring that one of them be distinguished as a dot; a similar process occurred to jīm and ḥāʼ. In Maltese, the corresponding letter to ز is ż.

### Variant

A variant letter of zāy named že is used in Persian with three dots above instead of just one dot above. The letter is used in a number of languages, such as Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, Urdu and Uyghur (see K̡ona Yezik̡).
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
| Glyph form: (Help) | ژ‎ | ـژ‎ | ـژ‎ | ژ‎ |

## Hebrew zayin

Orthographic variants :
| Various print fonts | Various print fonts | Various print fonts | Cursive Hebrew | Rashi script |
| Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | Cursive Hebrew | Rashi script |
| ז | ז | ז | | |
In modern Hebrew, the frequency of the usage of zayin, out of all the letters, is 0.88%.
Hebrew spelling: זַיִן
In modern Hebrew, the combination ז׳‎ (zayin followed by a geresh) is used in loanwords and foreign names to denote [ʒ] as in vision.

### Significance
#### Numerical value (gematria)

In gematria, zayin represents the number seven, and when used at the beginning of Hebrew years it means 7000 (i.e. זתשנד in numbers would be the future date 7754).

#### Use in Torah scroll

Zayin, in addition to ʻayin, gimel, teth, nun, shin, and tzadi, is one of the seven letters which receive a special crown (called a tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah (Torah scroll).

## Syriac zain

Zain is a consonant with the /z/ sound which is a voiced alveolar fricative.
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
| Glyph form: (Help) | ܙ‎‎ | ـܙ‎‎ | ـܙ‎ـ‎ | ܙ‎ـ‎ |

## Character encodings

Character information :
| Preview | ז | ז | ز | ز | ܙ | ܙ | ࠆ | ࠆ |
| Unicode name | HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN | HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN | ARABIC LETTER ZAIN | ARABIC LETTER ZAIN | SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN | SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN | SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN | SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 1494 | U+05D6 | 1586 | U+0632 | 1817 | U+0719 | 2054 | U+0806 |
| UTF-8 | 215 150 | D7 96 | 216 178 | D8 B2 | 220 153 | DC 99 | 224 160 134 | E0 A0 86 |
| Numeric character reference | &#1494; | &#x5D6; | &#1586; | &#x632; | &#1817; | &#x719; | &#2054; | &#x806; |
Character information :
| Preview | 𐎇 | 𐎇 | 𐡆 | 𐡆 | 𐤆 | 𐤆 |
| Unicode name | UGARITIC LETTER ZETA | UGARITIC LETTER ZETA | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN | IMPERIAL ARAMAIC LETTER ZAYIN | PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI | PHOENICIAN LETTER ZAI |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 66439 | U+10387 | 67654 | U+10846 | 67846 | U+10906 |
| UTF-8 | 240 144 142 135 | F0 90 8E 87 | 240 144 161 134 | F0 90 A1 86 | 240 144 164 134 | F0 90 A4 86 |
| UTF-16 | 55296 57223 | D800 DF87 | 55298 56390 | D802 DC46 | 55298 56582 | D802 DD06 |
| Numeric character reference | &#66439; | &#x10387; | &#67654; | &#x10846; | &#67846; | &#x10906; |