OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Banco Nazionale di Prova

The Banco Nazionale di Prova (official denomination: Banco nazionale di prova per le armi da fuoco portatili e per le munizioni commerciali) is an Italian public body responsible for verifying the compliance of firearms and ammunition to be marketed in the Italian market.

## History

Although there were precedents in the pre-unification Italian states, the institution was formally established by the Royal Decree No. 20 of January 13, 1910. Despite its official establishment, it began its activity only in 1920, in the laboratories of Gardone Val Trompia and Brescia. Its importance grew also because weapons testing became mandatory, as sanctioned by the Royal Decree-Law No. 3152 of December 30, 1923. Its current headquarters were inaugurated in 1951. In 1997, a branch was opened inside the Benelli Armi company headquarters.

## Responsibilities

Following the abolition of the National Catalogue of Common Firearms in 2012, the Banco Nazionale di Prova is responsible for verifying technical and regulatory requirements. The list of approved weapons can be consulted by accessing the institutional website. A decree in 2013 established that sporting firearms can be recognized as such, upon request of the manufacturer or importer, after consulting the relevant sports federations affiliated or associated with Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI).

## Legal References

* Royal Decree No. 20 of January 13, 1910 (in Italian)
* Royal Decree-Law No. 3152 of December 30, 1923
* Law No. 124 of August 4, 2017 (art. 1, paragraph 174) (in Italian)
* Decree of the President of the Republic No. 193 of November 24, 2020 - Regulation for the reorganization of the National Proof House for Portable Firearms and Commercial Ammunition, implementing Article 1, paragraph 174, of Law No. 124 of August 4, 2017. (in Italian)
# Sojib Hossain

Sojib Jamaddar (born 29 March 1989), better known as Ahmed Bin Sojib, is a Bangladeshi entrepreneur, actor and cricketer. He founded by Mobile Fixer Ltd. In 2024, he won the Best Entrepreneur Awards at the Channel i Music Awards.

## Awards

* Channel i Bangladesh Achievers Awards for Best Entrepreneurship
# Skolsky (surname)

Skolsky is a Slavic masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Skolska or Skolskaya. People with the name include:
* Mindy Skolsky, an American writer
* Sidney Skolsky (1905–1983), an American writer
* Steffi Sidney [de] (1935–2010, née Stephanie Skolsky), an American actress known for Rebel Without a Cause (1955), Hold Back Tomorrow (1955), The Hot Angel (1958)
# Kuma\War

Kuma\War (stylized as KUMA\WAR) is a tactical shooter game created by developer Kuma Reality Games. Kuma\War is an episodic game that re-creates real-world conflicts in video game format using information culled from news accounts, military experts, Department of Defense records and original research. Episodes consist of a playable mission, extensive background text, and often include interviews with military experts, soldiers and other actual participants in the events described.
Kuma\War is notable for its current free-to-play ad-supported business model, its ardent Iraqi fan base and continuous updates, delivering new episodes each month. Every episode from the collection of Kuma\War missions can be downloaded for free and played as a single-player first-person shooter. Popular past missions can also be played as a free online multiplayer experience.

## History

In July 2006, Kuma\War 2 was released, featuring improved graphics (based on the Source engine) and an expanded online multiplayer environment. The first mission re-creates the killing of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.

### Game missions

First released in 2004, Kuma\War now features over 120 missions, known as "episodes". While many episodes are drawn from the Iraq War, Kuma has also re-created events from Afghanistan, Iran, South Korea (a 1996 raid by North Korean commandos), Vietnam (John Kerry's Silver Star mission), Sierra Leone (Operation Barras) and Mexico (a battle between Mexican soldiers and drug cartels).
The first mission of the game (named "Uday and Qusay's Last Stand") is the battle in which the two sons of Saddam Hussein, Uday and Qusay, are killed. The attack is described as "a turning point in Operation Iraqi Freedom" and "a milestone in the War on Terror". Other significant episodes include "John Kerry’s Silver Star", "Fallujah: Operation al Fajr", and "Osama 2001: Tora Bora." The main distinguishing feature in Kuma\War is its extensive background information for each mission, which includes satellite photos, original articles and a multimedia library.

### Osama bin Laden and the end of Kuma\War

In May 2011, Kuma Games released Kuma\War 2's 107th mission: a recreation of the death of Osama bin Laden. Later in October 2011, Kuma Games released the 108th, and as of 2013, final mission for Kuma/War 2, a recreation of the Fall of Sirte and the death of Muammar Gaddafi.

## Gameplay

The original Kuma\War is a military third-person shooter utilizing the N-Fusion game engine. A first person perspective was also available for players to choose. A variety of weapons are available and depending on the mission the player either played solo or participated in squad based play. The game had 74 episodes produced for it before the developer moved on to its sequel Kuma\War 2.
Kuma\War 2 is a military first-person shooter that utilizes Valve's Source Engine. Both Kuma\War 1 and Kuma\War 2 features third and first person views. Kuma\War 2 features similar gameplay themes to the original Kuma\War such as single, multiplayer, and co-op maps. Thus far 125 episodes have been produced continuing the numbering from Kuma\War 1.
# Battle of Raigarh (1703–1704)

The Battle of Rajgad (1703–1704) was fought on between the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Kingdom. Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, ordered for Hamiduddin Khan and Tarbiyat Khan to attack the Rajgad fortress once again, which was being held by Santaji Shilimkar. The Mughals devastated the fortress and inflicted massive damage on the Maratha position. Eventually the majority of the fort was captured, but the Marathas surrendered shortly after.
# Chiltern Radio

Chiltern Radio may refer to:
* Chiltern Voice FM, the Ofcom licensed radio station for the Chiltern's
* Heart Dunstable, formerly 97.6 Chiltern FM until 2009
* Chiltern Radio Network, the parent group of Chiltern FM until a hostile takeover by the GWR Group in 1995
# Edwinstree

Edwinstree was a judicial and taxation subdivision (a "hundred") of Hertfordshire, in the east of the county, that existed from the 10th to the 19th century.
It comprised the following parishes: Albury, Anstey, Aspeden, Barkway, Barley, Brent Pelham, Buckland, Buntingford, Furneaux Pelham, Great Hormead, Layston, Little Hadham, Little Hormead, Meesden, Much Hadham, Stocking Pelham, Throcking, Wakeley and Wyddiall.
The hundred meeting point was at an open-air site called Meeting Field in Furneaux Pelham. The name suggests it was near a tree called "Edwin's Tree". An alternative name of Eddiford appears in a 14th-century record and may refer to an adjacent crossing of the River Ash.
The area was settled by the Saxon tribe called the Brahingas and became part of the area of the Middle Saxons within the Kingdom of Essex. When Christianity was introduced into Essex in 604, Edwinstree and Braughing hundreds became part of the Archdeaconry of Middlesex within the Diocese of East Saxons.
# Arslan Naseer

Arslan Naseer (born 31 July 1985) is a Pakistani actor, writer, and content creator. He is known for his scriptwriting contributions to the animated series Burka Avenger and for his acting roles in Pakistani television. He recently married Pakistani content creator Syeda Fatima on 18/3/2024.
Naseer made his acting debut on Hum TV's Ramadan romantic comedy Chupke Chupke in 2021.

## Career

In 2014, Arslan Naseer began his scriptwriting career with Burka Avenger, a Pakistani animated series created by musician Haroon. His role as one of the show's scriptwriters marked his entry into the entertainment industry. In 2021, he transitioned into acting, debuting on Hum TV's Ramadan drama Chupke Chupke, where he portrayed the character "Hadi," an unemployed bachelor.
Naseer appeared in the telefilm Hona Tha Pyar alongside Sanam Jung and took on another role in Paristan, a Ramadan series on Hum TV, again co-starring with Aymen Saleem.
Naseer has also completed work on Siyaah, produced by IRK Films and aired on Green Entertainment. In addition, he joined Pakistan's first international co-production with Turkey, Selahaddin Eyyubi, a historical series based on the life of the Muslim leader Salahuddin Ayyub.

## Filmography
### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2022 | Dum Mastam | CBA | Cameo appearance |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2013–16 | Burka Avenger | — | Writer |
| 2021 | Chupke Chupke | Muhammad Hadi Kamil | Television debut |
| 2021 | Hona Tha Pyar | | Telefilm |
| 2022 | Paristan | Arsam | |
| 2023 | Neem | Shazil | |
| 2023 | Siyaah | Sherry | Episode "Do Anjaane" |
| 2024 | Radd | Zain | |
| 2024 | Pas e Deewar | Iftikhar |
| 2024 | Tere Naam Ka Tattoo | | Telefilm |

## Awards and recognition

* 2021 – PISA for best use of humour on social media
* 2022 – Hum Award for Best new sensation male
* 2023 – Lux Style Award for Best TV Actor Viewers' Choice - Paristan
# Marmaduke Williams

Marmaduke Williams (April 6, 1774 – October 29, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina from 1803 to 1809.

## Family

Williams was born in Caswell County, North Carolina. He was a brother of Mississippi Territorial Governor Robert Williams (1766–1836). He was first cousin of the brothers: Robert Williams (1773–1821), John Williams (Tennessee politician) (1778–1837) and Lewis Williams (1786–1842).

## Career

He studied law and was admitted to the North Carolina bar. He was elected to the North Carolina State Senate, serving 1802, and then was elected that same year to the 8th United States Congress. Williams was re-elected twice, serving in the 9th and 10th Congresses (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1809). He declined to run for a fourth term and moved to the Mississippi Territory in 1810, then to Huntsville, Alabama, and by 1819, to Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Williams was a delegate to the Alabama Constitutional Convention of 1819 and ran unsuccessfully that year for the post of Governor of Alabama. He was the first Tuscaloosan to run for governor, and wanted to make Tuscaloosa the State's capital.
He served in the Alabama House of Representatives from 1821 to 1839, was the Secretary of the Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama from 1835 to 1841 and was a judge of the Tuscaloosa County court from 1832 to 1842.

## Private life

On October 26, 1798, in Caswell County, North Carolina, Williams married Agnes Payne (1775–1850), a first cousin of Dolley Madison. They raised 9 children. He was the grandfather of Lafayette Guild (1825–1870).
He died in Tuscaloosa in 1850 and is buried in Greenwood Cemetery. His Tuscaloosa home has been completely renovated.
# Charles S. Ashley

Charles Sumner Ashley Sr. (September 5, 1858 – February 6, 1941) was the Mayor of New Bedford, Massachusetts, various times from 1890 to 1936. He served for over 25 terms.

## Biography

Charles S. Ashley was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on September 5, 1858. He was educated at public schools and the Friends' Academy, and worked in the meat trade. In 1890, he and Stephen D. Pierce established the clothing and furnishing firm Ashley & Pierce.
He was elected as mayor of New Bedford first in December 1890, he also served as mayor from 1897 to 1905. He then served from 1910 to 1914; 1917 to 1921; and his final terms were from 1927 to 1936.
He married Anna B. Luce in 1880, and they had three children. In 1891, he remarried to Mrs. Philip B. Purrington.
He died at his home in New Bedford on February 6, 1941.

## Legacy

Charles S. Ashley Elementary school in New Bedford, Massachusetts is named in his honor.
# Stuck Here on Snakes Way

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
Stuck Here on Snakes Way is the third album Finnish melodic death metal band Omnium Gatherum, released in 2007. It is the band's first release on Candlelight Records and the first to feature Jukka Pelkonen on vocals and Aapo Koivisto on keyboards.

## Track listing

All lyrics written by Jukka Pelkonen.

## Credits

* Jukka Pelkonen – vocals
* Markus Vanhala – guitar
* Harri Pikka – guitar
* Janne Markkanen – bass
* Aapo Koivisto – keyboards
* Jarmo Pikka – drums
# Enmanuel Valdez

Enmanuel Valdez (born December 28, 1998) is a Dominican professional baseball infielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Boston Red Sox, with whom he made his MLB debut with in 2023.

## Career
### Houston Astros

Valdez signed with the Houston Astros as an international free agent on July 2, 2015. He made his professional debut in 2016 with the Dominican Summer League Astros. He played 2017 with the Gulf Coast League Astros and Greeneville Astros, 2018 with the Tri-City ValleyCats, and 2019 with the Quad Cities River Bandits and Fayetteville Woodpeckers.
Valdez did not play in 2020 due to cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He returned in 2021 to play for the Asheville Tourists and Corpus Christi Hooks. He started 2022 in Double-A with Corpus Christi. and was later promoted to the Sugar Land Space Cowboys of Triple-A.

### Boston Red Sox

On August 1, 2022, Valdez and Wilyer Abreu were traded to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Christian Vázquez. Valdez finished the season with the Triple-A Worcester Red Sox.
On November 10, 2022, the Red Sox added Valdez to their 40-man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. During the offseason, he played in the Dominican Winter League for Toros del Este. He was optioned to Worcester to begin the 2023 season.
On April 19, 2023, Valdez was promoted to the major leagues for the first time after Yu Chang was placed on the paternity list. Valdez made his MLB debut that evening, against the Minnesota Twins, and recorded two hits. He was optioned back to Worcester the next day, then recalled on April 25 when Chang went on the injured list due to a hand injury. Valdez remained with the Red Sox until being optioned back to Worcester on June 9. He was recalled to Boston on September 1, when major-league rosters expanded to 28 players, optioned back on September 12, and recalled again on September 22.
Valdez made 76 appearances for Boston in 2024, slashing .214/.270/.363 with six home runs and 28 RBI. On December 11, 2024, Valdez was designated for assignment by the Red Sox.

### Pittsburgh Pirates

On December 15, 2024, Valdez was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in exchange for Joe Vogatsky.
# List of churches in Hamburg

This is a list of churches in the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. There are many famous local churches in and around Hamburg. The St. Michaelis church is a famous Hamburg landmark, St. Nikolai church was the tallest building in the world in the 1870s and remains the second tallest structure in Hamburg.

## List
### Legend

* Lutheran church
* Catholic Church or Orthodox
| Name | German name | Year | Location | Notes |
| St. Peter's Church | Hauptkirche St. Petri Petrikirche | 1195 1418 (rebuild) 1842 (fire) | Mönckebergstraße, Altstadt | Gothic-style building |
| St. Catherine's Church | Hauptkirche Sankt Katharinen | 1256 16th century (rebuild) | Altstadt | |
| St. James's Church | Hauptkirche Sankt Jacobi | 1255 1963 (rebuild) | Altstadt | |
| St Mary's Church | Kirchengemeinde St. Marien | 1960 | Fuhlsbüttel | |
| St. Matthew's Church | Matthäuskirche | 1919 | | |
| St. Michaelis Church | Hauptkirche Sankt Michaelis Michel | 1647 1750 (fire) | Neustadt | |
| St. Nikolai | Hauptkirche St. Nikolai | 1874 1943 (fire) | Altstadt | world's tallest building from 1874 to 1876. ruins since 1940s |
| | Sankt Nikolai | 1951 | Harvestehude | Replaced old St. Nikolai |
| | Thomaskirche | | Hausbruch | |
| | Auferstehungskirche | | Lohbruegge | |
| | Tonndorfer Kirche | | Tonndorf | |
| | Herz Jesu Kirche | | Hamm | |
| | Sankt Erich Kirche | | Rothenburgsort | |
| | Paul-Gerhardt-Kirche | | Bahrenfeld | |
| | Kirche der Stille | | Altona | |
| | Martinskirche | | Rahlstedt | |
| Church of Saint John of Kronstadt | Kirche des Hl. Johannes von Kronstadt, formerly Gnadenkirche | | St. Pauli | Gemeinde des Hl. Johannes von Kronstadt, Russian Orthodox church, former Lutheran church |
| | St. Maria Magdalena Kirche | | Moorburg | |
| | St. Nicolai | | Altengamme | |
| | Russische Kirche des heiligen Prokop | | | Russian Orthodox church |
| | Neuer Mariendom, former Pfarrkirche St. Marien | | St. Georg | |
* $^^$ Construction date or first mentioned on record., secondary dates are major events including fires and reconstruction but not additions.
* $^^$ Borough or quarter of current political location.
# Fred Bednarski

Ferdynard "Fred" Z. Bednarski, Jr. (12 December 1936 – 23 March 2024) was an American football player who, as a placekicker for the Texas Longhorns, kicked the first "soccer-style" field goal in American football history. He is often credited with introducing the "soccer-style" kick to American football, which revolutionized the element of place-kicking in the sport.

## Early life

Born in Uście Biskupie, Poland (now in Ukraine), on 12 December 1936, before Soviet and then German occupation of the country in World War II, his family was taken to a Nazi labor camp outside of Salzburg, Austria in 1942, where they would spend three years. He considered himself fortunate for having been taken a "labor" or "concentration" camp rather than an extermination camp, as was the fate for many other Polish families. At the camps, when they could find some free time, Bednarski recalls playing games with other camp detainees using makeshift soccer balls constructed from rolled-up socks. He and his family were freed from the camps by American soldiers in 1945, but as there hometown had become part of the Soviet Union (as part of Ukraine) they did not go home.
They lived in a displaced persons camp for three years before they finally immigrated to Smithville, Texas in 1949.
Later they moved to Austin, Texaswhere he was a kicker and punter at Fulmore Junior High School. At Travis High School he was an all-city fullback and kicker.

## Career

Bednarski's football career began with the Texas Longhorns where he was invited by then head coach Ed Price to walk on in 1955.
He became the kicker in 1956, but was used only for kick-offs - because of rules that didn't allow for a kicking specialist to kick point afters. In 1956 a scout for future head coach Darrell Royal of the Washington Huskies returned from scouting Texas and was impressed with Bednarski and his "soccer-style" kick. In contrast to the traditional football place kick in universal use at the time, in which the kicker would approach the placement from directly behind and strike the ball with his toe, Bednarski approached the placement from roughly a 45-degree angle and struck the ball with the instep of his foot, swinging his leg in a "golf club"-like motion.
On 19 October 1957, Bednarski kicked the first-ever "soccer-style" field goal in American football history, giving the team a 3-0 lead against Arkansas with the 38-yard kick. That season he helped the team reach the 1958 Sugar Bowl and finish ranked #11. It was the only field goal of his career.
In 1958, he played running back in 3 games, carrying the ball twice for 5 yards.
His son, Fred Bednarski III also played football at Texas in 1988.

## After College

Bednarski joined the military and played a role in securing the integration of the University of Mississippi. He went into business, including running a grocery store for years and lived and worked in Texas. He died on 23 March 2024, at the age of 87.
# Battered sausage

Battered sausages are a type of sausage found all across Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.

## British and Irish battered sausage

The battered sausage is a standard menu item in fish and chip shops across the United Kingdom and Ireland, often described as an "essential" staple of the fish and chip shop menu. They are made up of a pork sausage dipped in batter (usually the same batter used to batter fish), and usually served with chips. A meal of battered sausage and chips is usually known as a 'battered sausage supper' in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

## Australia and New Zealand

In Australia, it may be referred to as a "battered sav" (saveloy is a type of sausage). This may also have given rise to the local expression "fair suck of the sav". In New Zealand, they can be found either with or without a stick inserted (similar to a corn dog). In Australia if served with the stick, it is referred to as a "pluto pup" or "dagwood dog" and usually dipped in a generous amount of tomato sauce.
# Framlingham Gawdy

Framlingham Gawdy (8 August 1589 – 1654) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1614 to 1648. He was a passive Parliamentarian during the English Civil War.
Gawdy was the son of Bassingbourne Gawdy of West Harling, Norfolk and his wife Anne Framlingham, daughter of Charles Framlingham of Debenham, Suffolk. Gawdy was High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1627.
In April 1640, Gawdy was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Thetford in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected in November 1640 as MP for Thetford in the Long Parliament and held the seat until 1648, when he was excluded under Pride's Purge.
Gawdy died at the age of 65. Gawdy married Lettice Knollys, daughter of Robert Knollys and Catherine Vaughan, and they had eight children. His son William Gawdy was also MP for Thetford and was created a baronet, and his grandson Sir John Gawdy, 2nd Baronet, who was deaf and mute, was a celebrated painter.
# Wilhelm Michel

Wilhelm Michel (9 August 1877, Metz – 16 April 1942, Darmstadt) was a German writer who won the 1925 Georg Büchner Prize.