# Project 985

Project 985 (Chinese: 985工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the Chinese central government for creating world-class higher education institutions, initiated in May 1998. There were 39 universities selected to be part of this program. The Project 985 universities are commonly considered to be the top universities in mainland China.
Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin Administration in 1990s. They were nullified in 2016 and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2017, under the Xi Jinping general secretaryship.

## History

On May 4, 1998, Jiang Zemin stated at the 100th anniversary of Peking University that, "in order to achieve modernization, our country must have several first-class universities with world-leading levels." In January 1999, the State Council of China issued the "Education Revitalization Action Plan for the 21st Century" drafted by the Ministry of Education, deciding to focus on supporting several higher education institutions to create world-class universities and high-level universities. This plan was later referred as the "985 Project," named after Jiang Zemin's speech at the 100th anniversary of Peking University (in May 1998).
The name derives from the date of the announcement, May 1998, or 98/5 according to the Chinese date format. The project involves both national and local governments allocating large amounts of funding to certain universities in order to build new research centers, improve facilities, hold international conferences, and attract world-renowned faculty and visiting scholars.
On June 7, 2016, the Ministry of Education under Xi Jinping nullified the two projects by invalidating the fundamental documents "Measures for the Implementation and Management of Project 211 Construction" and "Opinions on the Continued Implementation of Project 985 Construction Projects." However, in China, the names 985 and 211 are still commonly used to refer to top universities within mainland China.

## List of Project-985 universities

There were 39 public universities selected by the Chinese central government.
| Province/Municipality | City | University | Year Founded |
| Northern China (10) ||||
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Peking University | 1898 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Tsinghua University | 1911 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Renmin University of China | 1937 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Beijing Normal University | 1902 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Beihang University | 1952 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Beijing Institute of Technology | 1940 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | China Agricultural University | 1905 |
| Beijing (8) | Beijing (8) | Minzu University of China | 1941 |
| Tianjin (2) | Tianjin (2) | Nankai University | 1919 |
| Tianjin (2) | Tianjin (2) | Tianjin University | 1895 |
| Northeastern China (4) ||||
| Liaoning (2) | Dalian | Dalian University of Technology | 1949 |
| Liaoning (2) | Shenyang | Northeastern University | 1923 |
| Heilongjiang | Harbin | Harbin Institute of Technology | 1920 |
| Jilin | Changchun | Jilin University | 1946 |
| Eastern China (11) ||||
| Shanghai (4) | Shanghai (4) | Fudan University | 1905 |
| Shanghai (4) | Shanghai (4) | Shanghai Jiao Tong University | 1896 |
| Shanghai (4) | Shanghai (4) | Tongji University | 1907 |
| Shanghai (4) | Shanghai (4) | East China Normal University | 1951 |
| Jiangsu (2) | Nanjing (2) | Nanjing University | 1902 |
| Jiangsu (2) | Nanjing (2) | Southeast University | 1902 |
| Shandong (2) | Jinan | Shandong University | 1901 |
| Shandong (2) | Qingdao | Ocean University of China | 1924 |
| Anhui | Hefei | University of Science and Technology of China | 1958 |
| Zhejiang | Hangzhou | Zhejiang University | 1897 |
| Fujian | Xiamen | Xiamen University | 1921 |
| Southern China (2) ||||
| Guangdong (2) | Guangzhou (2) | Sun Yat-sen University | 1924 |
| Guangdong (2) | Guangzhou (2) | South China University of Technology | 1952 |
| Southwestern China (3) ||||
| Sichuan (2) | Chengdu (2) | Sichuan University | 1896 |
| Sichuan (2) | Chengdu (2) | University of Electronic Science and Technology of China | 1956 |
| Chongqing | Chongqing | Chongqing University | 1929 |
| Central China (5) ||||
| Hunan (3) | Changsha (3) | Hunan University | 1903 |
| Hunan (3) | Changsha (3) | Central South University | 2000 |
| Hunan (3) | Changsha (3) | National University of Defense Technology | 1953 |
| Hubei (2) | Wuhan (2) | Wuhan University | 1893 |
| Hubei (2) | Wuhan (2) | Huazhong University of Science and Technology | 1953 |
| Northwestern China (4) ||||
| Shaanxi (3) | Xi'an (2) | Northwestern Polytechnical University | 1938 |
| Shaanxi (3) | Xi'an (2) | Xi'an Jiaotong University | 1896 |
| Shaanxi (3) | Xianyang | Northwest A&F University | 1934 |
| Gansu | Lanzhou | Lanzhou University | 1909 |