OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Caltech Seismological Laboratory

The Caltech Seismological Laboratory is an arm of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences of the California Institute of Technology. Known as "the Seismo Lab", it has been a world center for seismology research since the 1920s, and was for many decades a go-to source for rapid (and quotable) commentary to the press on large earthquakes.
The Seismo Lab was established under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1921 under leadership of Harry O. Wood. By 1926 it had become a cooperative venture between Carnegie and Caltech. In 1937 it was formally transferred in full to Caltech.
Requiring accessible bedrock on which to place seismometers, the Seismo Lab could not originally be located on the Caltech campus, which is on alluvium. Instead, its first two homes were in Pasadena's Linda Vista neighborhood, a granitic outcropping. Its first home, at 220 N. San Rafael Avenue, was a modest two-story laboratory building (later known as "Charles Richter Laboratory"). By 1958 it had outgrown the site and expanded to an adjacent property at 295 N. San Rafael, into what had been an 11000 sq ft (1020 sq m) mansion, complete with marble staircases, 9 bedrooms with connecting baths, and gardens. The horizontal tunnel in which seismometers were installed was a former passageway (with private elevator) between the mansion and the lower tennis courts.
By 1974 it had become possible to transmit seismic signals electronically from remote seismometers, and the Seismo Lab was then relocated to the Caltech campus, becoming over time more integrated into, and less distinct from, the Caltech Division in which it is administratively situated.

## Directors

* Harry O. Wood (1921–1946)
* Beno Gutenberg (1946–1957)
* Frank Press (1957–1965)
* Don L. Anderson (1967–1989)
* Hiroo Kanamori (1990–1998)
* Don Helmberger (1998–2003)
* Jeroen Tromp (2003–2008)
* Michael Gurnis (2009– )

## Notable faculty

* John P. Buwalda
* Hugo Benioff
* Charles Richter
# Valentin Suciu

Valentin Dumitru Suciu (born 25 September 1980) is a Romanian professional football manager, who is currently the youth center director of Liga I club Sepsi OSK.

## Honours
### Coach

Sepsi OSK
* Liga III: 2015–16
* Liga IV – Covasna County: 2013–14
Csíkszereda
* Liga III: 2018–19
# Bureau of Religions

The Bureau of Religions (宗教局, Shūkyō kyoku) is one of the Internal departments [ja] of the Ministry of the Interior during the pre-World War I period and later the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture in Japan.
It was split off from the Bureau of Shrines and Temples in 1900.

## Outline

Initially, religious administration was under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Shrines and Temples of the Ministry of the Interior, but in April 1900, it was separated into the Bureau of Shrines and the Bureau of Religion. The first and second divisions were set up with jurisdictions over Shinto, Buddhist, and other religious affairs, as well as monks' and teachers' affairs.
On June 13, 1913, the Bureau of Religion was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Home Ministry to the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture. It was in charge of denominations, sects, associations, priests, teachers, and other matters related to religion, such as Buddhist temples and the preservation of old shrines and temples.
On December 22, 1924, the First Section was renamed the Religious Affairs Section and the Second Section was renamed the Ancient Shrine and Temple Preservation Section. On December 1, 1928, the Division for the Preservation of Ancient Temples and Shrines was renamed the Preservation Division. In 1942 it was abolished and went through a few successor institutions until complete abolition after the end of World War II.
# Steve Kefu

Steve Kefu (born 16 December 1979) is an Australian former professional rugby union player for the Queensland Reds, Castres, Wasps and Bay of Plenty. He represented Australia in six Test matches from 2001 to 2003.
Kefu, an inside centre, is the younger brother of Wallabies No. 8 Toutai Kefu and elder brother of Tonga international Mafileo Kefu. Born in Brisbane, Kefu attended Brisbane State High School and was an Australian schoolboys player. He further represented Australia at Under 19s and Under 21s level, before earning his first Test cap for the Wallabies in 2001, against Wales in Cardiff. After sitting out most of 2002 due to a shoulder reconstruction, he returned to the national team in 2003 and featured in five Tests, but missed selection for that year's World Cup squad.
# Ray Crawford (musician)

Ray Crawford (February 7, 1924 – December 30, 1997) was an American jazz guitarist who originally played tenor saxophone, until tuberculosis prevented him continuing with the instrument. He made notable contributions to albums by Ahmad Jamal, Gil Evans, and Sonny Criss, and pioneered a technique of rhythmic bongo-style guitar accompaniment. Favourite amongst his recorded solos were those on "La Nevada" on Gil Evans's Out of the Cool album.

## Discography
### As leader

* I Know Pres Rec 1961, released 1971, later reissued as Smooth Groove

### As sideman

With Ahmad Jamal
* Chamber Music of the New Jazz (1956)
* The Ahmad Jamal Trio (1956)
* Listen to the Ahmad Jamal Quintet (1961)
With Gil Evans
* Great Jazz Standards (1960)
* Out of the Cool (1961)
With Curtis Amy & Dupree Bolton
* Katanga! (1963)
With Lou Donaldson
* Possum Head (1964)
With Jimmy Smith
* Bluesmith (1972)
With Sonny Criss
* Crisscraft (1975)
# Kamperland

Kamperland is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is a part of the municipality of Noord-Beveland, and lies about 11 km northeast of Middelburg.

## History

The village was first mentioned in 976 as Campan, and means "land of Kampen", a former village which used to be located in the area, and was lost in the flood of 1530. Kamperland is a road village which developed in the second half of the 18th century after the Heer Janszpolder was diked in 1699.
Kamperland was home to 170 people in 1840. The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church which was built in 1901. A little open tower and consistory were added in 1911. The church was decommissioned in 1997, and is used as brasserie since 1998.
From the 1970s onwards, a recreational zone developed near the harbour and along the Veerse Meer. Kamperland used to be part of the municipality of Wissenkerke. In 1995, it was merged into Noord-Beveland.

## Gallery

* View on Kamperland
* Tour de France in Kamperland (2010)
* Marina of Kamperland
* Villa Kogelhof
# Hans Gaede

Hans Emil Alexander Gaede (19 February 1852 in Kolberg – 16 September 1916 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He commanded Army Detachment Gaede and was a recipient of the Pour le Mérite.

## Life

Gaede was born on 18 February 1852 in the Kingdom of Prussia. He entered the army in 1870 as a cadet in the 2nd Grenadier Regiment and participated in the Franco-Prussian War. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on 18 November 1870.
Reactivated for World War I; Gaede was Deputy Commander of the XIV Corps, commanded by Ernst von Hoiningen [de]. He later got the command of six landwehr regiments which became the Army Detachment Gaede, or Army Detachment B. Gaede lead his troops in defending the upper Alsace region, however serious illness resulted in Gaede being retired again in September 1916. He died mere weeks later, at the age of 64.

## Awards

* Iron Cross 2nd Class (1870)
* Iron Cross 1st Class
* Pour le Mérite (25 August 1915)
# Elliot Macnaghten

Elliot Macnaghten (1807–1888) J.P, also known as Elliot Workman-Macnaghten, was a British official of the East India Company. He was its Chairman in 1855.
He was later a Member of the Supreme Court in Calcutta and Vice President of the India Council.

## Personal background

Macnaghten was the son of Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, knt. (later Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, 1st Baronet) of Bushmills House (1836), in the county of Antrim; and was brother to Sir William Hay Macnaghten, 1st Baronet (1840) and Sir Edmund Charles Workman-Macnaghten, 2nd Baronet of Bushmills House, a barrister, a master in chancery in Bengal. He was educated at Rugby School.
Macnaghten was a J.P. He lived at Ovingdean House, Sussex.

## Career

Macnaghten was a member of the Supreme Court in Calcutta and was one of the original members of the India Council in 1858 and Vice President in 1866.
He was elected a Director of the Court of the East India Company in 1842 and in 1855 was Chairman.

## Family

Macnaghten married, firstly, Isabella (died 1871) only daughter of John Law. He was father of:
* Chester Macnaghten, fourth son (born 1843), the founding Principal of the Rajkumar College, Rajkot, the first English Boarding School built under Macaulay's Doctrine on Education in India.., after his tutorship of Lakshmeshwar Singh, then the Prince of Darbhanga, a minor.
* Henry Alexander Macnaghten, fifth son (born 1850), cleric.
* Sir Melville Leslie Macnaghten, sixth son (born 1853).
He married, secondly, in 1872, Annie Chester, daughter of George Chester of the Bengal Civil Service.
Macnaghten was the son of Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, knt. (later Sir Francis Workman-Macnaghten, 1st Baronet) of Bushmills House (1836), in the county of Antrim; and was brother to Sir William Hay Macnaghten, 1st Baronet (1840) and Sir Edmund Charles Workman-Macnaghten, 2nd Baronet of Bushmills House, a barrister a master in chancery in Bengal. He was educated at Rugby School.
# Erigo

Erigo (stylized as ERIGO), is an Indonesian fashion brand founded in Tangerang, Banten by Raffi Ahmad which designs, manufactures, distributes and retails ready-to-wear, leather goods, shoes, and accessories. It has a sportswear sub-brand, Ergonomic Sporty Outfit (Erspo) which has been the apparel for the Indonesian national football team since 2024. Its headquarters and warehouse are located at Legok, Tangerang.
Erigo was founded in 2013 by Muhammad Sadad, initially marketing batik- and ikat-themed products, but it later turned into a casual one a year later.

## Sponsorships
### eSports
#### Teams

* EVOS Esports

### Football
#### National teams

* Indonesia
* American Samoa
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Tonga
* Brunei
* Cook Islands
# Christy Walsh case

John Christopher (Christy) Walsh, from West Belfast, was convicted in 1991 by a Diplock Court of possessing explosives in connection with the conflict in Northern Ireland, and campaigned for 20 years to clear his name on the basis that his conviction was a miscarriage of justice. His case was referred to the Court of Appeal by the Criminal Cases Review Commission in 2000. That appeal failed, he appealed again, and in January 2002, his conviction was upheld even though the court acknowledged the possibility that procedural irregularities might have amounted to an interference with his right to a fair trial. Following an unprecedented third appeal on the basis of new evidence, his conviction was overturned as unsafe on 16 March 2010. Walsh has been refused compensation for the conviction and his time spent in prison and is currently engaged in a campaign to reverse that decision and to draw attention to the alleged failings of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.
In October 2012, Walsh made an application for a writ of coram nobis. His Honour Mr Justice Weatherup observed, "The Court of Appeal concluded that there was no ground on which a court of first instance could reopen its own decision other than for fraud.... Any impropriety by Counsel for the Department will be dealt with by the complaints and discipline procedures applicable to members of the Bar".
# Pakistan Council for Architects and Town Planners

The Pakistan Council of Architects and Town Planners (abbreviated as PCATP), (Urdu: کونسلِ پاکستان برائے مہندسان و کشوری منصوبہ ساز) established in 1983, is a federal regulatory authority for architects and town planners based in Pakistan. Its headquarters is located in Islamabad.
The Pakistan Council of Architects and Town Planners Ordinance 1983 has been promulgated with a view to give recognition and protection to the profession of architecture and town planning in Pakistan. The council has wide-ranging powers and is authorized to perform all functions and to take steps connected with or ancillary to all aspects of the two professions including laying down standards of conduct, safeguarding interests of its members, assisting the government and national institutions in solving national problems relating to the professions, promotion of reforms in the professions, promotion of education of these professions, reviewing and advising the government in the matter of architecture and town planning education, etc.
In March 2025, Ejaz Ahmed Qadri was elected as new chairman of this organization.https://pcatp.org.pk/executive_committees.php

### New Executive Members are:

'Ejaz Ahmed Qadri Chairman
* Shazia Abro Vice Chairperson (Architecture)
* Ghulam Sarwar Sandhu Vice Chairman (TOWN PLANNING)
Executive Members Architecture are: '
* Mohsin Razzaq Mughal' (Federal Capital)
* Hassan Jamil (Punjab)
* Tahir Saeed (KPK)
* Faryal Sikandar (Sindh)
* Mahjabeen (Balochistan)
* Zeeshan Ashraf (Floating)
'Member Town Planning are'
* Tayyab Mussadiq
* Fiaz Farooq
* Dr. Fahad Ahmed Shaikh
* Abdul Waheed.
* Prof.Ijaz Ahmad
Pakistan Council for Architects and Town Planners (PCATP) is a regulatory authority and acts as an accreditation council of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
As per PCATP Bye Laws, Scope of Work of AN Architect
* Preparation of feasibility and other reports,
* The production of concept,layouts Design of buildings
* The originating, designing and planning,
* Producing working drawings
* Prepare contract documents,
* Prepare specifications and bills of quantities,
* Inspection and supervision of Town planning work
Scope of Work of Town Planner
* carrying out of physical and socioeconomic surveys,
* the preparation of feasibility reports,
* layout plans of Town Planning, and development plans
* inspection and supervision of Town Planning works
* and issue of certificates of such schemes and works for which a town planner offers his professional services.
# Cyrus Jirongo

Cyrus Shakhalaga Khwa Jirongo, popularly Cyrus Jirongo, is a politician and a former Minister for Rural Development between 12 March 2002 to 27 December 2002 in the Moi administration. He previously served as former Member of Parliament for Lugari Constituency between 1997 and 2002 and between 2007 and 2013.
Between 1978 and 1981 he went to Mang'u High School. He became the chairman of AFC Leopards football club in 1991.
He is leader of the United Democratic Party.

## Career
### Political career
#### YK 92

In 1992 he led the Youth for Kanu '92 (YK '92) movement supporting the then ruling KANU party ahead of the first multiparty elections in Kenya.

#### 1997-2001 Parliamentary Career

He became an MP at the 1997 elections, when he won the Lugari Constituency seat. Two years later he fell out with KANU and was associated with the unregistered United Democratic Movement party. At the elections he represented KANU but was defeated by Enoch Kibunguchy of NARC.

#### Minister For Rural Development

Ahead of the 2002 elections, he was appointed the Rural Development Minister by President Daniel arap Moi.

#### 2007-2012 Parliamentary Return

He formed a new political party known as Kenya African Democratic Development Union (KADDU) and successfully reclaimed the Lugari Constituency seat at the 2007 elections. The elections were followed by a political crisis in Kenya which was resolved by a broad coalition government. KADDU was the only parliamentary party excluded from the government and Jirongo was the sole MP for the party. In his bid to become Kenya's fourth president, he had been identified with the URP and more recently New FORD-Kenya, before formally joining the Federal Party of Kenya

#### 2013 Presidential Run

Jirongo declared an interest in running for the Kenya Presidential seat in the 2013 Kenyan Presidential election. He eventually opted to run for the Kakamega County Senate seat and support the right Hon. Raila Odinga's bid for the presidency. He lost the bid to Dr. Bonny Khalwale.

#### 2017 general elections

In the 2017 Kenyan general elections Jirongo vied for the presidency under the United Democratic Party. He garnered approximately 11,000 votes which were 0.07% of the total votes in the elections.

#### 2022 general elections

The United Democratic Party contested the 2022 Kenyan general election as part of Azimio La Umoja, and elected two MPs. Jirongo congratulated William Ruto on his victory.

## Personal life

He is polygamous and has four active wives, the first one is a Kalenjin, Joan Chemutai Kimeto (Divorced), second is an Agikuyu, Christine Nyokabi Kimani, third is a Kamba, Anne Kanini and the fourth is a Maasai, Anne Lanoi Pertet.
# Javier Zuluaga

Javier Zuluaga is an American former professional football player. He was a fullback and linebacker for the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football for the Navy Midshipmen.

## High school

Zuluaga attended Roncalli High School located in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was a Co-Captain his senior year and helped lead his team to the 1988 3A State Championship.

## College

Javier attended United States Naval Academy. He became the 2nd All-Time Leading Tackler in school history. He was Co-Captain from 1990 to 1993.Zuluaga was known for his hard hitting. During the 1991 season against William and Mary, Javier tackled W&M's quarterback Chris Hakel causing the a bar of the face mask to get to stuck to Hakel's. In 1993, he had 17 tackles against Air Force, Navy won the game 28-24 ending an 11-year losing streak. Javier as well as 26 other midshipmen were involved in a 1992 cheating scandal on an electrical-engineering exam. A copy of the test was found the night before and was given out to many of the students. He was later expelled from the school but not due to cheating but for refusing to identify the people who were responsible.

## Professional career

In 1994, he tried out for the Indianapolis Colts, however he was cut the same year. On May 17, 1994, he was signed by the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League, he was later released August 6, 1994.

## Post career

Zuluaga lives in Tempe, Arizona and runs a Home Repairs and Remodeling company. In 1995, he was the Co-Defensive Coordinator for Beddingfield High School in Wilson, North Carolina. From 2001 to 2003 he was player/coach for the Chandler Cobras of the Arizona Football League.
# Metallabenzene

The metallabenzenes are class of chemical compound of the form L$_n$M(CH)$_5$, or derivatives thereof. Most metallabenzenes do not feature the M(CH)$_5$ ring itself, but, instead, some of the H atoms are replaced by other substituents. The parent metallabenzenes can be viewed as derivatives of benzene wherein a CH center has been replaced by a transition metal complex.

## Classification

Metallabenzene complexes have been classified into three varieties; in such compounds, the parent acyclic hydrocarbon ligand is viewed as the anion C$_5$H$_5$$^−$. Early computations suggested that the 6 π electrons in the metallacycle conform to the Hückel (4n+2) theory; however, interactions with an additional d orbital suggest that metallabenzenes may instead be an 8π Möbius aromat.

## Preparation and structure

The first reported stable metallabenzene was the osmabenzene Os(C$_5$H$_4$S)CO(PPh$_3$)$_2$, produced from double addition of acetylene to the corresponding thiocarbonyl complex. Characteristic of other metallaarenes, the Os-C bonds are about 0.6 Å longer than the C-C bonds (in benzene these are 1.39 Å), resulting in a distortion of the hexagonal ring. $^1$H NMR signals for the ring protons are downfield, consistent with aromatic "ring current," and the ring readily undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution. Osmabenzene and its derivatives can be regarded as an Os(II), d$^6$ octahedral complex.
Metallabenzenes have also been characterized with metals ruthenium, iridium, platinum, and rhenium. The iridabenzenes can be produced from ligand substitution, with a vinylcyclopropenide or a linear (CH)$^−$ $_5$-skeletal carbanion displacing an X-type ligand.
# Gospel of Bartholomew

The Gospel of Bartholomew is a missing text of New Testament apocrypha, known only from mentions by other sources. It might be the same as the Questions of Bartholomew, the Coptic Book of Bartholomew, or neither and be a fully lost work. The references do not go into particular detail about the nature of the work, leaving scholars little more than a name to work with.

## Primary sources

In the prologue to his commentary on Matthew, Jerome mentions a "Gospel of Bartholomew" among several other apocryphal gospels. Jerome doesn't indicate anything more about the gospel other than his list has "been the beginning of various heresies." It is unknown if Jerome had personal knowledge of the work, or was simply trusting another source such as Origen of Alexandria.
The Gelasian Decree is a 6th-century work, although it is considered possible parts of it might date back earlier. It includes "the Gospels in the name of Bartholomew" in a list of condemned or unacceptable scriptures.
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and Epiphanius the Monk both make passing references to a Gospel of Bartholomew, but they are late sources. The Syriac Book of Secrets has a quote mentioning a Gospel of Bartholomew as well. The Venerable Bede also mentions the book, but only as part of a quotation of Jerome. Heinrich von Herford claims that Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor was acquainted with a Gospel of Bartholomew as well. All of these references are sparse and late, and unclear whether they were referring to the same book, or were simple mistakes or misstatements.

## Analysis

There is little to be said without further knowledge of the work. One area of speculation has been if the Gospel of Bartholomew was Gnostic or not, as Gnosticism was a major target of anti-heresy tracts of the early Church, and this would explain the later hostile references.
# Prototroctes

Prototroctes is a genus of New Zealand smelts containing one species native to Australia and another, now extinct, species that was native to New Zealand.
The two species in this genus appear to have diverged from one another during the Miocene, about 14 million years ago.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* Prototroctes maraena Günther, 1864 (Australian grayling)
* †Prototroctes oxyrhynchus Günther, 1870 (New Zealand grayling)
In addition, two prehistoric species known only from fossil otoliths (Prototroctes modestus Schwarzhans, 2011 and Prototroctes vertex Schwarzhans, 2011) have been identified from the Early Miocene-aged St. Bathans fauna of New Zealand. Two complete fossil skeletons of an indeterminate Protroctes have been identified from the Pleistocene of New Zealand, and likely represent P. oxyrhynchus.