# First 100 days of the second Donald Trump presidency

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The first 100 days of the second Donald Trump presidency began on January 20, 2025, the day Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 47th president of the United States. The first 100 days of a presidential term took on symbolic significance during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term in office, and the period is considered a benchmark to measure the early success of a president. The 100th day of his second presidency will end on April 30, 2025. As of March 2025, President Trump has signed 92 executive orders, 22 memorandums, 17 proclamations and signed the Laken Riley Act: his first and so far, only legislation of his second term.
Since taking office, Trump's extensive use of executive orders have drawn a mixed reception. Some executive orders tested the limits of executive authority, and others faced immediate legal challenges. Major topics Trump has focused on include immigration reform, deportations, tariffs, limiting DEI practices, cutting federal spending, reducing the federal workforce, increasing executive authority, and implementing a more non-interventionist foreign policy, including temporarily pausing aid for Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, before resuming aid on March 11, 2025.

## Background

In the 1930s, Franklin D. Roosevelt promised major reforms during his first 100 days as president of the United States amid the Great Depression. After he introduced many significant policies during that period, the events of the "first 100 days" became a common standard by which to measure future presidents in U.S. politics. After Donald Trump won the 2016 presidential election by defeating Hillary Clinton, he made a series of promises for the first 100 days of his first presidency, which began in 2017. Trump struggled to fulfill many of these promises due to opposition from the Democratic Party and infighting among his Republican Party in Congress, though he dismissed the "first 100 days" benchmark as an artificial milestone. However, Trump did enact many major policies and signed more executive orders in his first 100 days than any president since Harry S. Truman.
After leaving office in 2021 after his defeat to Joe Biden, Trump returned to power upon his victory in the 2024 presidential election by defeating Kamala Harris, who replaced Biden after he ended his presidential campaign. Trump's primary goal for the first 100 days of his second presidency was to reverse many of the policies of Joe Biden—who served as president in between Trump's two terms—and to resume where he left off after his first term and to implement his Agenda 47 policy platform. Trump said that on the first day of his second term he would begin the mass deportation of illegal immigrants, close the U.S. border with Mexico, reinstate the travel bans on specific countries from his first term, end the federal government's electric vehicle incentives and pro-climate subsidies, expand domestic oil production, pardon defendants of the January 6 United States Capitol attack of 2021, end protections for gender-affirming care, and cut federal funding for schools deemed "woke". Trump also promised tariffs on the U.S.'s foreign trade partners, tax cuts, and a reduction of the size of the federal government.

## Inauguration

The first 100 days of the second presidency of Donald Trump began during the second inauguration of Donald Trump. At noon on January 20, 2025, the content of Whitehouse.gov was switched from the Biden Administration version to the second Trump Administration version. This was the fifth time the presidential website had switched between administrations and the third time switching control of social media accounts such as Twitter. As Trump took the oath of office, the official @POTUS Twitter account switched to President Trump and Joe Biden's tweets were moved to @POTUS46Archive.

## Executive orders

Upon taking office, Trump signed a record number of executive orders. There were 26 on the first day in office alone, issuing more executive orders on his first day than any other president in history. Many of Trump's early executive orders rescinded ones of the Biden administration. In his first weeks, several of his actions have ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the Constitution according to American legal scholars.
Four days into Trump's second term, analysis conducted by Time found that nearly two-thirds of his executive actions "mirror or partially mirror" proposals from Project 2025, which was seconded with analysis from Bloomberg Government. Following multiple orders being blocked by federal judges, the Trump administration increased criticism of the judiciary and Republicans in Congress called for impeaching federal judges who ruled against Trump.

## Domestic Policy
### Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)
#### Background

In the summer of 2024, during a X (Twitter) discussion with Trump, Elon Musk proposed the establishment of a government efficiency commission. Saying "I think it would be great to just have a government efficiency commission that takes a look at these things and just ensures that the taxpayer money, the taxpayers hard-earned money is spent in a good way. I'd be happy to help out on such a commission". During an interview with Reuters, Trump said he was open to giving Musk an advisory role in his administration and on September 5, 2024, he officially announced that "at the suggestion of Elon Musk... I will create a Government Efficiency Commission tasked with conducting a complete financial and performance audit of the entire federal government and making recommendations for drastic reforms." The New York Times compared the project to other Presidents like Theodore Roosevelt's Keep Commission, Ronald Reagan's Grace Commission, and vice president Al Gore's National Partnership for Reinventing Government. After his election victory on November 5, 2024, Trump announced that Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy would serve as co-chairs of DOGE to dismantle government bureaucracy, slash excess regulations, cut wasteful expenditures, and restructure federal agencies.
Ramaswamy parted with the incoming Trump Administration to pursue a run for Ohio Governor in the 2026 US elections. After being inaugurated for a second term, Trump signed an executive order formally establishing three DOGE entities. The Department of Government Efficiency, the United States DOGE Service (USDS): formed from the reorganization of the United States Digital Service, and the DOGE Service Temporary Organization, with the USDS serving as its parent organization. The DOGE Temporary Organization was given an expiration date of July 4, 2026. DOGE teams were established for federal agencies with each team consisting of four members, a team leader, an engineer, an HR specialist, and an attorney. DOGE Documents are classified as presidential records, preventing public access to the information until at least 2034. DOGE is not a cabinet level, rather a federal office.

### Immigration Policy

Trump made immigration policy, particularly cracking down on the United States-Mexico border crisis, a center point of his campaign, and many of his early actions focused on this issue. Upon taking office on January 20, 2025, Trump signed an array of executive orders towards immigration reform and ending much of his predecessor's policies on Immigration. Within minutes of the Second Trump presidency, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection shutdown the CBP One app Throughout the early days of his presidency, Trump signed executive orders that declared a second national emergency on the southern border; enabling the deployment of armed forces and addressing the fentanyl crisis, the designation of international Drug Cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, repealing a Biden executive order that created the Family Reunification Task Force, suspending the Refugee Admissions Program for 90 days, ended the CNHV Parole Program for nationals from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, & Venezuela, and attempting to end birthright citizenship for descendants of illegal immigrants who were born in America. Policies and initiatives revived from Trump's first term include Remain in Mexico, construction on the US-Mexico border, and travel bans.
On January 22, 2025, Trump revoked guidance from 2011 prohibiting illegal migrant arrests in areas such as courthouses, schools, churches, and hospitals, or during funerals and weddings. On March 1, Trump signed an executive order designating English as the official language of the United States On March 10, 2025, the Department of Homeland Security rebranded the CBP One app as CBP Home to allow illegal migrants to identify themselves and self-deport. DHS Secretary Kristi Noem announced that migrants who self-deport may have an opportunity to return to the United States legally in the future. March 13, 2025, the Trump Administration requested permission from the Supreme Court to allow restrictions on birthright citizenship to partly take effect in several states while its implementation and ongoing legal battles continued. On March 15, 2025, President Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, the first use of such since World War II, in order to ensure the deportations of suspected members of the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua. A federal judge has temporarily blocked deportations under this order, citing concerns about due process. Despite this, the Trump Administration still carried out the deportations of 250 suspected gang members to El Salvador, citing security concerns.

#### Laken Riley Act and expansion of the Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center

On January 29, 2025, Trump signed the Laken Riley Act into law, the first legislation of Trump’s second term. The law is named after Laken Riley, a nursing student who was murdered by an illegal immigrant in 2024. It requires the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to detain illegal aliens accused or charged with theft-related crimes, and those accused of assaulting a police officer. It also allows states to sue the Department of Homeland Security for harm caused by illegals to citizens and for failure to enforce immigration laws. After signing the Laken Riley Act into law, Trump signed a presidential memorandum to order the Pentagon and Department of Homeland Security to begin the expansion of the migrant operations center in the Guantanamo Bay naval base, separate from the Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp military prison, to house up to 30,000 "high priority" illegal migrant detainees. The operations center was previously used to temporarily house migrants during prior presidencies.
In the days following the announcement, more than 1000 troops were deployed to Guantanamo to begin the expansion. Between 178 to 256 illegal migrants, many being deported back to their countries, had passed through the base and only 20 remained on March 6, 2025. By early March 2025, the Trump Administration was rethinking the expansion at Guantanamo as major legal, logistical and financial hurdles had arisen. The space for 30,000 illegal migrants was still under construction and tents built for detainees did not meet ICE standards for detention. As the mission at Guantanamo was changing, the Pentagon was reportedly considering bringing home some of the over 1,000 troops that were sent for deployment home. On February 26, 2025, Department of Homeland Security secretary, Kristi Noem, announced that more than 20,000 illegal migrants were arrested in February and ICE arrests have skyrocketed 627% compared to the Biden Era arrests and that border crossings had declined by 90%.

#### Legal Immigration

A Trump Gold Card will be a type of residency permit for the United States which allows investors a path to residency and citizenships if they commit at least $5 million to projects in the US. A key difference from the EB5 program, the United States' current path for investors to gain residency that the Gold Card intends to replace, is that Gold Card holders are not liable for US Federal Income Tax on income earned outside the US. Aside from constitutional questions on executive authority for this kind of change to immigration and tax law without express Congressional approval, it is unclear what would happen to the US Federal taxability of a gold card holder's non-US income, should the Gold card holder become a citizen some point in time.

### Economic Policy

Inflation remained a persistent topic during Trump's 2024 campaign and dominant issue of the subsequent election. After taking office on January 20, 2025, Trump inherited a resilient economy from the Biden Administration, with inflation rates having declined from its 40-year highs, but remaining a heavy burden on Americans and above the Federal Reserve's 2% rate. The unemployment rate was 4.4%, the Inflation rate ranged from 2.2% to 2.4%, and the national debt was approximately 36.2 trillion. During Trump's first term, the US faced increases in national debt; as did with previous presidencies, tariffs on US trading partners, and economic downturn resulting from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Since becoming President, Trump has imposed tariffs on China and initially promised tariffs on Canada and Mexico, before rescheduling the tariffs dates. During a Fox News interview with Maria Bartiromo on March 9, 2025, Trump did not rule out the possibility of the US economy experiencing a recession. He believed that his economic policy would cause short-term turbulence but would be economically beneficial in the long term
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent further elaborated on March 16, 2025; by saying there were no guarantees that Americans would not face a recession.

## Tariffs

On February 1, 2025, Trump signed three executive orders imposing a 25 percent tariff on all goods from Mexico and Canada and a 10 percent tariff on China, originally due to take effect on February 4. A lower 10 percent tariff was announced for all energy exports from Canada, including electricity, natural gas, and oil. Trump's trade advisor, Peter Navarro, stated that the lower rate for energy was intended to "minimize any disruptive effects". In response, representatives from Mexico and Canada announced intentions to impose retaliatory tariffs on the United States, which if implemented could lead to an increase in tariff rates in accordance with a clause reportedly included in the orders signed by Trump. On February 3, Trump announced that the tariffs on both Mexico and Canada would be paused for one month after the countries agreed to take further steps to prevent the trafficking of drugs into the United States. On March 3, Trump announced he would impose the tariffs on Canada, China, and Mexico. The tariffs went into effect on March 4 triggering a trade war with Canada, China, and Mexico.

## Diversity, equity, and inclusion

Trump signed numerous executive orders attempting to roll back diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies, particularly targeting transgender Americans. On his first day in office, he signed an executive order titled "Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government," which required federal departments to recognize gender as a male-female binary determined by sex assigned at conception and ceased all funding for gender affirming care. Trump also signed an order which ordered federal agencies to fire all workers involved in diversity, equity, and inclusion programs.
Trump signed another executive order partially revoking Equal Employment Opportunity and banning government contracts from being given to private organizations which enforce DEI frameworks. On February 5, Trump signed an order intending to bar transgender athletes from competing in girls' and women's sports.
At a press conference held in January 2025, the day after a mid-air collision between an airplane and helicopter that killed 67 people, the worst aviation accident in the U.S. since 2001, Trump read from a January 2024 New York Post article that said "the FAA is actively recruiting workers who suffer severe intellectual disabilities, psychiatric problems and other mental and physical conditions under a diversity and inclusion hiring initiative spelled out on the agency's website."

## Foreign policy

Pursuant to the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, the social media app TikTok was banned in the United States on January 19, one day before Trump took office. Critics had argued that the app, owned by the Chinese company ByteDance, was a national security threat. On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order pausing the ban for 75 days.
Trump also signed orders reinstating Cuba's designation as a state sponsor of terror, reversing sanctions on Israeli settlers, and withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization. On January 24, 2025, President Trump reinstated the Mexico City policy.

## Government organization

On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order establishing the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), a temporary organization headed by Elon Musk which aimed to reduce wasteful and fraudulent federal spending, and eliminate excessive regulations. He also signed an order to freeze new regulations and hiring for federal workers.
On January 23, 2025, Trump signed an executive order to declassify files concerning the assassination of John F. Kennedy, his brother Robert F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.
On January 28, the Office of Personnel Management offered a "deferred resignation" scheme to federal government employees to announce their resignation by February 6, while stating that employees who resigned would still receive salary and benefits until September 30, 2025.
The Trump administration, led by DOGE, targeted numerous federal agencies for weakening or outright abolishment. This included USAID, the Department of Education, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
On January 27, 2025, the Trump administration's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released memo M-25-13, which ordered the federal government to take action the next day to temporarily freeze all federal funding while programs were being reviewed for compliance with Trump's executive orders. The memo sparked considerable uncertainty among government employees, lawmakers and nonprofit organizations, with Medicaid portals, FAFSA, and other programs being shut down across the country. After several organizations sued, the OMB memo was temporarily blocked by United States District Judge Loren AliKhan, with the memo being withdrawn on the 29th.
In his first 100 days, Trump has been noted for making sweeping assertions of executive authority, and challenging several Congressional laws and parts of the Constitution restraining presidential power.

## Pardons

On his first day in office, Trump issued a proclamation that granted clemency to about 1,500 people convicted of offenses related to the January 6 United States Capitol attack that occurred near the end of his first presidential term. He also commuted the sentences of many members of the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers including Enrique Tarrio and Stewart Rhodes.
Trump's grant of clemency was described by counterterrorism researchers as encouraging future political violence. Employees in the Justice Department and legal scholars called the pardons an unprecedented and dangerous use of the pardon and created a mockery of federal law enforcement, their work, and the US justice system.
Many of the pardoned rioters had prior convictions for rape, child sexual exploitation, domestic violence, manslaughter, drug trafficking, and other crimes.
Additionally, on January 21, 2025, Trump granted Ross Ulbricht, who was convicted of running a darknet market known as Silk Road, facilitating trade in narcotics, a full and unconditional pardon. This fulfilled a campaign promise Trump made during his speech at the Libertarian National Convention.
On January 23, 2025, Trump granted pardons to 23 anti-abortion protestors. Among the 23 pardoned were Lauren Handy and nine of her co-defendants, who were involved in the October 2020 blockade of a Washington, D.C., abortion clinic, and later convicted in violation of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act.

## Speech to a joint session of Congress

The 47th President of the United States, Donald Trump, gave his fifth public address before a joint session of the United States Congress on March 4, 2025.

## Reactions
### Polling

On January 21, a Reuters/Ipsos poll found that 47 percent of adult Americans approve of Trump's performance as president, while 41 percent disapprove. The poll also found that his pardons of people convicted of offenses related to the January 6 United States Capitol attack were unpopular. CNN analyst Harry Enten interpreted the poll's findings as "a sign that the American people, at least initially, like what they are seeing." On January 28, Reuters/Ipsos reported that Trump's approval rating decreased to 45 percent, with an increase to disapproval to 46 percent. On January 29, Gallup polling found that Trump's 47 percent inaugural approval rating was historically low and similar to his 45 percent inaugural approval rating in his first term. He remained the only elected president with sub-50 percent inaugural approval ratings, and his latest 48 percent disapproval ratings were three percentage points higher than in 2017, marking a new high for inaugural disapproval ratings.
A February 9, 2025 poll by CBS found that a majority of the 2,175 U.S. adults interviewed from February 5–7 found Trump "tough", "energetic", "focused" and "effective", and as "doing what he'd promised during his campaign" whether they approved of it or not, with many saying "he's doing more than they expected". It found that a majority both expressed support for his immigration policies but also that they also thought he wasn't doing enough to lower prices. On February 20, 2025, Politico reported on two new polls from CNN/SSRS and The Washington Post/Ipsos that found Trump's support slipping, with a majority saying that he had overstepped his presidential authority and hadn't done enough to address high prices. The Post also found 58% disapproved of his wide layoffs of federal employees and only 34% approved of Elon Musk's role in government.

### Protests

The People's March was a protest which took place in Washington D.C. and various locations around the country two days before Trump took office, which addressed various political issues. The protests were largely considered to be less significant and attracted smaller crowds than the 2017 Women's March and others during Trump's first presidency. The Day Without Immigrants took place in February 2025. In Los Angeles, numerous protests, school walkouts, and other demonstrations took place throughout February 2025 in protest of Trump's immigration policies.

#### U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Inspector general continues working in protest

On January 29, 2025, security guards escorted USDA Inspector General Phyllis K Fong, out of her office, following her dismissal by newly installed President Trump. The previous Friday, Fong and Inspector Generals from 16 other agencies received an email from the White House informing them of their immediate terminations. Despite the emailed notice of termination, she continued working in protest of what Fong, Democratic leaders, and several journalists stated was the illegal firing of inspector generals across 17 different agencies. The New York Times summarizes,
   "The firings defied a law that requires presidents to give Congress 30 days’ advance notice before removing any inspector general, along with reasons for the firing. Just two years ago, Congress strengthened that provision by requiring the notice to include a “substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons” for the removal."
Media and critics called the sudden termination the “late-night purge,” questioning the intentions and legality of the mass firings of inspector generals often referred to as "independent watchdogs". Fong worked at USDA for 22 years. At the time of her dismissal her office monitored the rising avian influenza outbreaks. She also oversaw investigations into food safety, animal welfare violations, and financial audits within the department.