# Jincheng

Jincheng is a prefecture-level city situated in the southeast of Shanxi province, China. It shares its border with Henan province to the south and southeast. The city is recognized as an industrial hub, with coal mining being one of its key industries. The population of the entire city is estimated to be 2.2 million.
Due to the extensive coal industry in the region, Jincheng has gained notoriety for air pollution. However, the local government has recently made significant investments to address this issue. Efforts have been made to enhance the air quality in the city, such as tree planting, developing and maintaining vast parks and ecological reserves, shutting down or relocating some of the most polluting factories, and promoting the use of coalbed methane, which is a cleaner fuel source than coal.
Jincheng is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. There are many legends in the territory such as Nuwa patching up the sky, Jingwei reclaiming the sea, Yu Gong moved the mountains, Yao and Shun abdicated, Shen Nong planted the valley, Shun cultivated the Li Mountain, Yu Yu Ze Ze, Yu carved the stone gate and so on. The Xiachuan site discovered in Xiachuan, Qinshui County in 1972 is a cultural relic from the late Paleolithic Age, proving that humans lived and thrived here more than 20,000 years ago; the Tashui site discovered in Duohuo Township, Lingchuan County in 1986 The He site belongs to the cave life site of ancient humans in the Paleolithic Age. It has been identified by archaeological experts as being about 100,000 to 70,000 years old.

## History

Jincheng has a rich history dating back to the Warring States period. During this time, the land of Jinguo was divided and settled by Zhao, Wei, and Han. Later, the Late Jin monarch was settled in Qinshui County of Jincheng. The famous battle of Changping between Qin and Zhao took place in Gaoping City of Jincheng towards the end of the Warring States period. After the first emperor of Qin unified the six countries, China was divided into 36 shires, and most of Jincheng and Southeast Shanxi belonged to Shangdang Shire. Throughout the Han and Wei dynasties, Jincheng remained a part of Shangdang Shire and Pingyang Shire.
During the Sixteen States period, West Yan Murong Yong established Jianxing Shire in the southern region of Shangdang Shire, which marked the beginning of Jincheng becoming a Shire. Subsequently, the name of Jianxing Shire was changed several times, first to Jianzhou during the Northern Wei dynasty, then to Zezhou during the Sui dynasty, and finally, it was upgraded to Zezhoufu during the Qing dynasty. These administrative changes were essentially consistent with the five counties under the jurisdiction of Jincheng today. It was not until the Republic of China period that Yuan Shikai issued a policy to transform all Chinese states into counties.
In May 1985, with the approval of the State Council, Jincheng was upgraded to a prefecture-level city. The original Jincheng (county-level) was divided into urban areas and suburbs. The four counties of Gaoping, Yangcheng, Lingchuan, and Qinshui that were originally under the jurisdiction of southeastern Shanxi were placed under the jurisdiction of Jincheng City. Jincheng is under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province.

## Economy

Jincheng boasts abundant mineral resources, particularly coal. Coal-beds cover more than 56% of the total area, predominantly comprising anthracite, a high-quality coal with minimal impurities. The anthracite reserves in Jincheng account for over a quarter of China's total and half of Shanxi province's total. In addition, Jincheng has a substantial coal mine methane field, discovered in Qinshui county in 2001. The production of both anthracite and coal mine methane is mainly carried out by Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group.
Apart from its coal-related industries, Jincheng also houses a significant Foxconn manufacturing campus that produces fiber optic parts, with an annual output value of over 3 billion RMB. Currently, Foxconn's largest product in Jincheng is the mechanical components of mobile phones, including camera components, frames and back covers. The annual output is about 35 million pieces, with an output value of about 7 billion yuan.

## Geography

Jincheng is situated in the southeastern corner of Shanxi province, covering an area of 9,490 square kilometers.The urban area of Jincheng City is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province, with geographical coordinates of 112*45’10”~112”55’08” east longitude. North latitude 35”24’55”~35’35’45”. It has 188,920 hectares of arable land. The urban area is located in the center of Zezhou Basin. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Landform types include low and medium mountains, hills and river valleys.

## Transportation

Jincheng is accessible via China National Highway 207 and the Taiyuan–Jiaozuo Railway. However, it does not have a commercial airport, with the nearest ones located in nearby cities such as Zhengzhou, Changzhi, and Luoyang.
Jincheng Station is located at Huijun Street in the southeast of the main urban area of Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. It was built in 1959 and is under the jurisdiction of the Zhengzhou Railway Bureau. It is a second-class passenger and freight station on the Taijiao Line mainly for passenger transport. It is also the southeastern region of Shanxi Province. It is an important gateway connecting the four provinces of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and Shandong and heading south to the Central Plains.
Jincheng East Station is located in Shuidong Village on the east side of Jincun New District. The parking lot has 3 trains and 7 lines, including 2 main lines. The station type is side-down, with a construction area of 37,814 square meters.

## Climate

Jincheng has a rather dry, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with cold and very dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) in January to 24.2 °C (75.6 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 11.83 °C (53.3 °F). Typifying the influence of the East Asian Monsoon, over two-thirds of the annual 576 millimetres (22.7 in) of precipitation occurs from June to September.The average annual sunshine hours are 2319.9 hours. The average annual precipitation is 573.8 mm, and the average annual rainfall days are 93 days. The maximum rainfall in an extreme year is 1010.4 mm (1956), and the minimum rainfall in an extreme year is 265.7 mm (1997). Rainfall is concentrated from June to September every year, with the highest rainfall in July.
Climate data for Jincheng, elevation 753 m (2,470 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.2 (75.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 36.9 (98.4) | 36.5 (97.7) | 38.6 (101.5) | 38.6 (101.5) | 35.8 (96.4) | 36.6 (97.9) | 32.6 (90.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 38.6 (101.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) | 7.4 (45.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 20.2 (68.4) | 25.1 (77.2) | 28.8 (83.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.6 (65.5) | 11.8 (53.2) | 5.7 (42.3) | 18.0 (64.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | 1.3 (34.3) | 6.9 (44.4) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 24.5 (76.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.0 (32.0) | 12.2 (54.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) | −3.3 (26.1) | 1.7 (35.1) | 7.8 (46.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 8.0 (46.4) | 1.3 (34.3) | −4.4 (24.1) | 7.5 (45.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) | −17.4 (0.7) | −10.1 (13.8) | −3.6 (25.5) | 2.9 (37.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 13.5 (56.3) | 11.0 (51.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | −3.6 (25.5) | −12.6 (9.3) | −16.6 (2.1) | −17.4 (0.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.0 (0.35) | 12.4 (0.49) | 16.5 (0.65) | 36.7 (1.44) | 49.0 (1.93) | 67.9 (2.67) | 136.6 (5.38) | 120.7 (4.75) | 71.4 (2.81) | 36.4 (1.43) | 20.6 (0.81) | 5.6 (0.22) | 582.8 (22.93) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 12.4 | 11.6 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 86 |
| Average snowy days | 5.0 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 19.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 55 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 60 | 74 | 76 | 71 | 64 | 58 | 51 | 60 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 169.4 | 168.2 | 201.2 | 228.9 | 246.6 | 226.6 | 201.5 | 194.8 | 166.8 | 176.2 | 169.8 | 175.9 | 2,325.9 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 54 | 54 | 54 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 46 | 47 | 45 | 51 | 56 | 58 | 53 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Administrative divisions

Map :
| Cheng Zezhou County Qinshui County Yangcheng County Lingchuan County Gaoping (city) ||||||
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km$^2$) | Density (/km$^2$) |
| Cheng District | 城区 | Chéngqū | 280,000 | 141 | 1,986 |
| Gaoping City | 高平市 | Gāopíng Shì | 480,000 | 946 | 507 |
| Zezhou County | 泽州县 | Zézhōu Xiàn | 510,000 | 2,023 | 252 |
| Qinshui County | 沁水县 | Qìnshuǐ Xiàn | 210,000 | 2,655 | 79 |
| Yangcheng County | 阳城县 | Yángchéng Xiàn | 390,000 | 1,968 | 198 |
| Lingchuan County | 陵川县 | Língchuān Xiàn | 250,000 | 1,751 | 143 |
Jincheng currently has jurisdiction over six counties (cities and districts) including Chengdu, Zezhou, Gaoping City, Yangcheng, Lingchuan and Qinshui, with a total area of 9,490 square kilometers.

## Footnotes

* 1 2 3 4 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
* ↑ 晋城市第六次人口普查结果公布. 晋城在线 [Jincheng Online] (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
* ↑ 山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 (December 2021). 《山西统计年鉴－2021》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7824-7.
* ↑ 晋城主要资源 [Jincheng primary natural resources]. Jincheng Online. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
* ↑ 晋城概述. Jincheng Online. Archived from the original on 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
* ↑ Sun Ruisheng; He Dan (2012-11-09). "Jincheng: The coal city that's turning green". China Daily. p. 20. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
* 1 2 "历史概述 - 晋城市人民政府". www.jcgov.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* 1 2 "Jincheng". 2013. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
* ↑ "Foxconn to help China's Jincheng with industrial development". Retrieved 13 October 2019.
* ↑ 网易 (2024-11-21). "资源型城市转型样本：晋城光机电产业从一座孤岛到集群成链". www.163.com. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* ↑ "城区概况-晋城市城区人民政府". www.jccq.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* 1 2 "自然地理-晋城市城区人民政府". www.jccq.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* ↑ "The Public information Network of Jincheng Government". Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
* ↑ "晋城站". 百科 (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* ↑ "晋城东站夜景（组图） - 晋城市人民政府". www.jcgov.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
* ↑ Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633-1644, doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007, 2007.
* ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
* ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
* ↑ "山西晋城酝酿行政区划调整，泽州县：全力支持配合_中国政库_澎湃新闻-The Paper". m.thepaper.cn. Retrieved 2024-11-22.