# Jiangyin

Jiangyin (simplified Chinese: 江阴; traditional Chinese: 江陰; pinyin: Jiāngyīn; Wade–Giles: Chiangyin, Jiangyin dialect:) is a county-level city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, and is administered by Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Jiangyin is one of the most important transport hubs on the Yangtze River, it is also one of the most developed counties in China. With 1,595,138 inhabitants as of the 2010 census,[1] the city is now part of Jiangyin-Zhangjiagang-Jingjiang built-up or metropolitan area with 3,526,260 inhabitants

## Etymology

Jiangyin's name means "River Shade", from its location on the south or shady side of the Yangtze River.

## History

Jiangyin was a township of Yanling (延陵; later known as Piling, 毗陵) county initially. Since the township was located in the north of Ji Lake, it was given the name "Jiyang" (暨陽). In 281, it was promoted as a county of Piling commandery. In 558, the north-west part was taken away from then Lanling county (Wujin and its around areas) to create Jiangyin county. It was served as the seat of Jiangyin commandery, of which jurisdiction equating to the modern city's, until the commandery was dissolved in 589. It was elevated to jun (military prefecture) status during Southern Tang, until being restored as a county of Changzhou in 1071. It developed as an important port for overseas trades, and a Maritime Trade Supervisorate (市舶提擧司) was established to manage in 1145. The county became a zhou (smaller prefecture) during Yuan dynasty, but was reduced to county status again in 1367.
In 1472, the sandbank in the Yangtze River was independent from the county to establish Jingjiang county. In 1645, the draconian enforcement of the decree adopting the Manchu hair style and dress inflamed the local Han Chinese people's spirit to resist. Since the ultimatum "either lose your hair or lose your head" was given, they held the walled city against Qing sieges under a magistrate Yan Yingyuan (閻應元) 's leadership.
On 23 April 1987, Jiangyin was approved by the State Council of China to become a county-level city.

## Administrative divisions

At present, Jiangyin City has 5 subdistricts and 11 towns.

### 5 subdistricts

| Chengjiang (澄江街道) Shengang (申港街道) Xiagang (夏港街道) | Nanzha (南闸街道) Yunting (云亭街道) |

### 11 towns

| Huangtu (璜土镇) Ligang (利港镇) Yuecheng (月城镇) Qingyang (青阳镇) Xuxiake (徐霞客镇) Huashi (华士镇) | Zhouzhuang (周庄镇) Xinqiao (新桥镇) Changjing (长泾镇) Gushan (顾山镇) Zhutang (祝塘镇) |

## Transport
### Rail

Jiangyin Train Ferry Line is the only one remains across the Yangtze River, it is a part of the Xinyi–Changxing Railway.
A new high-speed railway line has been constructed that links Jiangyin directly to both Shanghai and Nanjing. Furthermore, it is connected to Wuxi by an extension to the existing Wuxi Metro.

## Climate

Climate data for Jiangyin, elevation 4 m (13 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.6 (85.3) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 38.2 (100.8) | 39.1 (102.4) | 39.4 (102.9) | 37.8 (100.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 28.8 (83.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.1 (84.4) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 28.2 (82.8) | 23.1 (73.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 10.4 (50.7) | 21.1 (70.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.3 (82.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 6.3 (43.3) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.3 (43.3) | 11.6 (52.9) | 17.1 (62.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 15.0 (59.0) | 9.0 (48.2) | 3.0 (37.4) | 13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) | −8.3 (17.1) | −4.0 (24.8) | 0.8 (33.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 10.7 (51.3) | 1.3 (34.3) | −3.4 (25.9) | −10.0 (14.0) | −10.0 (14.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59.5 (2.34) | 57.0 (2.24) | 77.7 (3.06) | 78.1 (3.07) | 96.8 (3.81) | 213.4 (8.40) | 210.8 (8.30) | 190.7 (7.51) | 93.7 (3.69) | 63.6 (2.50) | 54.4 (2.14) | 38.3 (1.51) | 1,234 (48.57) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.8 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 13.0 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 122 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 72 | 70 | 69 | 70 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 73 | 73 | 70 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 126.8 | 129.7 | 154.5 | 178.4 | 186.3 | 142.6 | 189.1 | 195.7 | 170.6 | 170.3 | 143.0 | 144.0 | 1,931 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 40 | 41 | 41 | 46 | 44 | 34 | 44 | 48 | 47 | 49 | 46 | 46 | 44 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||

## Notable people

* Li Jinjun, Chinese (PRC) Ambassador to North Korea (DPRK) (from 2015)
* Liu Bannong (1891–1934) - writer
* Liu Tianhua (1895–1932) - musician and composer
* Miao Quansun (缪荃孙) (1844–1919) - Academic, catalog writer, bibliophile, founder of modern Chinese librarianship
* Shangguan Yunzhu - movie star
* Xu Xiake (1587–1641) - noted traveller and geographer
* Yu Minhong - Chairman and President of New Oriental Education & Technology Group