OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Vale of Glamorgan Festival

Under its founder and artistic director, composer John Metcalf, the Vale of Glamorgan Festival was one of Wales’s most flourishing music festivals for over half a century from 1969 until 2023, with the announcement being made in 2024 that it would not longer continue.
From modest beginnings, with concerts covering the whole gamut of music from medieval to contemporary and set in the context of some of the Vale’s most notable buildings, it expanded considerably over its first two decades.
In 1992 came a change of emphasis and the commitment to a festival focused on presenting the work of living composers, under the banner A Celebration of Living Composers. The aim was not creating a new contemporary music festival for the specialist, but of reintroducing the general, interested listener to the changing face of new music.
Featuring music by the Estonian Arvo Pârt was a determining factor of the success of this 1992 festival. Winning the prestigious Prudential Arts Award for the Arts together with their award for Music in 1994 was the first vindication of this signifiant new approach, with the popularity of John Tavener’s The Protecting Veil (nominated for the Mercury prize in 1992) and Henryk Górecki’s Third Symphony topping the classical charts of that era helping confirm Metcalf’s conviction that music was not just about history and dead composers.
Contemporary classics were brought to a Welsh audience for the first time, the performance of Górecki’s Third Symphony in the 1994 festival being one example, while commissioning new pieces – always part of festival policy – continued to be a significant element under the Living Composers maxim, adding an extra dimension to the festival.
After initially being a generic classical music festival, the Vale of Glamorgan Festival changed its focus in 1992 to feature exclusively living composers. In recognition of this position, the Vale of Glamorgan Festival received the Prudential Award in 1994. The Festival's Artistic Director received one of four inaugural Creative Wales Ambassador Awards from the Arts Council of Wales in 2009.
Highlights include festivals devoted to the music of the Baltic States (1996), Austria (1998) and Australia (2001). The 2002 festival featured a tour to Britain by the Finnish Radio Chamber Choir. 2005 brought a mix of music, visual art, storytelling and food, in a festival with interwoven themes of Japan and the work of women composers.
The 2013 event, held at the St Donats Arts Centre and Cardiff's Hoddinott Hall, was favourably reviewed by The Guardian, highlighting composer Sebastian Currier as the outstanding performance.
Composers John Tavener and Tarik O'Regan formed the focus of the 2014 Festival. BBC NOW broadcasts an annual concert featuring the top five composers from the festival.
# Panochthus

goood boy is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in the Gran Chaco-Pampean region of Argentina (Lujan, Yupoí and Agua Blanca Formations), Brazil (Jandaíra Formation), Bolivia (Tarija and Ñuapua Formations), Paraguay and Uruguay (Sopas and Dolores Formations) during the Pleistocene epoch.
It could reach 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length and a weight up to 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb) the upper skull and the body were protected by hemispherical armor composed of hundreds of rounded scales. The tail, short and wedge-shaped, consisted of small bony bands with small spikes used for defense. Preserved tracheal rings are known from one specimen.

## Gallery

* Panochthus vogti skull
* 1878 restoration of P. tuberculatus
# Carlos Ibáñez García

Carlos Ibáñez García (9 August 1912 – 14 February 1942) was a Spanish footballer who played as a defender for Real Oviedo and Espanyol in the 1930s.

## Playing career

Born on 9 August 1912 in Petrer, Alicante, Ibáñez was 11-year-old when his family moved to Catalonia, where he began joined the ranks of CE Europa, first as a ballboy, and later as a first-team player, with whom he played for two seasons, from 1930 until 1932, the first in La Liga, and the second in the Segunda División, now under the name Catalunya FC, due to financial problems at the club.
After spending one season in Júpiter, he returned to the top-flight with Real Oviedo, where he had few opportunities due to the strong competition in the backline, so at the end of the season, he signed for Espanyol, where he earned 60 pesetas a month. However, he once again had few opportunities, playing only one official match for the club, a league fixture against Real Madrid on 30 December 1934 at the Chamartín, which ended in a resounding 7–2 loss. In total, he played 14 La Liga matches for Europa, Oviedo, and Espanyol.
In February 1935, just two months after the humiliation at the Chamartín, Ibáñez returned CE Europa and subsequently returned to Júpiter for the 1935–36 season, where his career was interrupted by the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, in which he joined the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and went to fight on the Aragon Front.

## Later life and death

When the War ended, Ibáñez went into exile in France, but in early 1942, he decided to return to his homeland because of the clemency promised by the Franco regime for those who had not committed war crimes, but once there, he was arrested and taken to the La Magdalena Concentration Camp in Santander, where he was shot dead at Camp de la Bota in Sant Adrià de Besòs, where Júpiter had played its first matches, on 14 February 1942, at the age of 29.
# Vietnamese ancestral house

An ancestral house (Vietnamese: nhà thờ họ, chữ Nôm: 茹悇𢩜 or Vietnamese: từ đường, chữ Hán: 祠堂) is a Vietnamese traditional place of worship of a clan or its branches which is established by male descendants of the paternal line. This type of worship place is most commonly seen in northern Vietnam as well as middle Vietnam.
After a clan is divided into branches by males of paternal line, the head of the main branch of a clan (trưởng tộc in Vietnamese) would lead the place where all clan members worship the primitive ancestor and store the primary genealogical book. This place would be called nhà thờ đại tôn (lit. ''primary lineage hall' or 'main clan ancestral house''). Other breaches of a clan would have their own nhà thờ họ in which the creators of these branches are worshipped; these nhà thờ họ are called nhà thờ chi họ (lit. 'branch of clan ancestral house').
The size and architecture of nhà thờ họ is depended on a clan's financial resources, donations from each of the male clan members and the political status of clan elders or patriarch. A nhà thờ họ is usually built follow the traditional 3 rooms house architecture in which the middle room is extended in the back so that a worship pedestal could be placed. The worship objects such as linh tọa (chair of the ghosts), giá gương (glass stand), and ngai (throne) will be placed in this worship pedestal. The ngai holds a vermilion-painted-and-gold-gilded box, which contains family genealogical book, and is covered by a piece of red cloth. This is the most sacred site of a nhà thờ họ, which people consider the gathering place of ancestors' soul.
An ancestral death anniversary will be held yearly at nhà thờ họ and this anniversary is usually used as an occasion to renew the relationship between living clan members.
# Somerville College Boat Club

Somerville College Boat Club (SCBC) is the rowing club of Somerville College, Oxford. The club was formed in 1921 as one of the first women's clubs on the Isis, however was unable to compete in bumps until 1969. The women's team has won the title Head of the River eight times in Summer Eights and five times in Torpids, more than any other women's rowing team from the University of Oxford.
Due to fears that it might harm their reproductive abilities, women's rowing clubs were banned until 1921. A member of the club was first permitted to take part in Summer Eights in 1927, following the rejection of an earlier request in 1922.
Now there are 6 women's divisions in Summer Eights and racing in the top divisions is as competitive as the men's. However, when women were first given their own division, only 12 colleges competed - Somerville, as an all women's college, was one of them. Within four years the W1 were Head of the River.
Somerville College Boat Club shares the University College Boathouse with University College, St Peter's College and Wolfson College. The building is owned by University College and won a Royal Institute of British Architects prize and has enjoyed a very favourable reception in the architectural world.

## Notable alumni

Somerville College Boat Club has produced four Olympic rowers:
* Fiona Freckleton, bronze medalist in the Women's Pairs at the 1991 World Rowing Championships in Vienna - Great Britain's first medal in a major World Championship women's rowing event - also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1993 World Rowing Championships.
* Patricia Reid also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, having achieved silver and bronze at the 1986 Commonwealth Games.
* Luka Grubor, gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics, 2002 World Rowing Championships and 1993 Nations Cup, silver medalist at the 1999 World Rowing Championships.
* Jennifer Goldsack, competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics; gold medalist at the 2011 Pan American Games and silver medalist at the 2007 World Rowing Championships.
Other notable members of the SCBC were Lucy Sutherland and Dominica Legge.
# Millicent Yeboah Amankwah

Millicent Yeboah Amankwah (born July 22, 1992) is a Ghanaian politician and is a member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). She is currently the member of parliament for the Sunyani West constituency. She represents the constituency in the Ninth Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana.

## Early life and education

Millicent hails from Odumase-Sunyani in the Bono Region of Ghana. She attended Notre Dame High School (Ghana).

## Politics

In August 2019, she stood for the National Democratic Congress primaries for Sunyani West. Amankwah defeated Justice Samuel Adjei and Abdullai Yah garnering 623 votes against 171 and 286 votes.
In 2024 General Elections Amankwaah stood in Sunyani West Constituency against the incumbent Ignatius Baffour Awuah the New Patriotic Party candidate, receiving 26,828 votes (57.64%) defeating her opponent who obtained 19,715 votes (42.36%).
# Krzysztof Arciszewski

Krzysztof Arciszewski (9 December 1592 in Rogalin – 7 April 1656 near Gdańsk, Poland) was a Polish nobleman, military officer, engineer, and ethnographer. Arciszewski also served as a general of artillery for the Netherlands and Poland.
He was brought up in a family of devout members of the Polish Brethren Church - his father was a pastor, and his cousin was the celebrated theologian Jonasz Szlichtyng. As a young man he served under Krzysztof Radziwiłł. After murdering Kacper Jaruzel Brzeźnicki, he was condemned to infamy and exile, and left Poland in 1623. He went to the Netherlands where he settled in the Hague. There he converted to Calvinism. Thanks to support of Krzysztof Radziwiłł he was able to study artillery, military engineering and navigation at Leiden University. In 1637 he became a vice-governor of Dutch Brazil and head chief of Dutch military forces in that country.
In 1646 he returned to Poland, where he became General of the Artillery.
# Vyhoda settlement hromada

Vyhoda settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Вигодська селищна громада) is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kalush Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the rural settlement of Vyhoda.

## Settlements

The hromada consists of 1 rural settlement (Vyhoda) and 16 villages:
* Anhelivka
* Vyshkiv
* Ilemnia
* Kropyvnyk
* Lolyn
* Maksymivka
* Myslivka
* Novyi Mizun
* Novoselytsia
* Novoshyn
* Patsykiv
* Pidlisky
* Pshenychnyky
* Senechiv
* Staryi Mizun
* Shevchenkove
# Stephen Gardner (transportation executive)

Stephen J. Gardner (born (1975-12-31)December 31, 1975) is an American transportation executive and musician who is the former chief executive officer of Amtrak.

## Early life and education

Gardner was born and raised in Arlington, Virginia. His father was Arlington's county manager.
He went to high school at H-B Woodlawn. As an 18-year-old, he interned for Amtrak at Washington Union Station, measuring train speeds and checking conductor logs.
Gardner attended Hampshire College, studying physics, acoustics, political science, and transportation and graduating with a bachelor of arts in 1998.

## Career

After college, Gardner moved to Maine to work as a conductor and operations manager for the Maine Central Railroad. In 2001, he began an internship for the House Transportation Subcommittee on Railroads, later working as a legislative assistant and staffer for the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
He joined Amtrak in 2009, serving as its chief operating and commercial officer beginning in May 2019. He was named the organization's president in December 2020.
He became Amtrak's CEO on January 17, 2022, serving jointly as president and CEO until Roger Harris was named to the former role six months later. He oversaw an infusion of $22 billion in direct federal aid to repair and replace tracks and trains, as well as $44 billion in grants intended to improve U.S. passenger rail service, provided by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Among his initial priorities for the new funds was to pay off a $3.4 billion order for 73 additional trains constructed by Siemens Mobility.
The New York Times reported in August 2022 that Gardner had received more than $766,000 in bonuses from Amtrak since 2016.
Gardner testified to the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee on June 6, 2023 that Amtrak was at least five years from profitability, both because of the COVID-19 pandemic and because it was pursuing capital investments funded by the bipartisan infrastructure law.
In September 2023, Gardner advocated to have Amtrak take control of Washington Union Station, noting the organization intended to make station improvements and return its headquarters to the building.
On March 19th, 2025, Gardner announced that he was stepping down as Amtrak's CEO.

## Music

Gardner became enmeshed in the DC punk scene as a teenager and played bass for the band Lorelei.
In 1994, he formed the experimental music group Chessie, named after the defunct Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. Gardner wrote that the project aimed to explore "the way that railroads bisect the natural world with machinery." Chessie's music employs tape loops featuring guitar and keyboards in addition to recorded samples. Although the band's aesthetic is inspired by railroads, Gardner told the Washington City Paper the band has never sampled a train, because "that's cheating."
The band's debut album "Signal Series" was named Amazon's best Dance and DJ album for 1998.

## Personal life

Gardner lives in Philadelphia with his wife and two children.
# Lili (wrestler)

Lili (born 2000) is a Chinese freestyle wrestler of Mongol ethnicity. She won a bronze medal in the 65kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.

## Background

Lili was born in 2000 and is from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia in China.
In 2017, Lili joined the Inner Mongolia provincial wrestling team.
In 2020, Lili was admitted as an undergraduate to Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities where she majored in Physical education.
In 2023, Lili won a bronze medal in the 65kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships by defeating Kadriye Aksoy.
# Battle of Claye

The Battle of Claye took place during the War of the Sixth Coalition. Both sides made advances, but the French force, which was perceived by the Prussians to be much smaller, dealt many casualties to the Prussian troops. Some sources claim the battle was a victory for Prussia, while others claim the battle may have resulted in a French victory.
# Remplacement

Remplacement militaire (French; lit. 'military replacement') was a system of military conscription which existed in France and Belgium in the 19th century under which citizens selected for military service by lot were entitled to pay a sum of money, originally enough to pay a substitute to volunteer to serve in their place, to exempt them from being required to serve in the military personally. Although considered an important civic liberty, the policy favoured the rich and was detrimental to military efficiency. It was abolished in Belgium in 1913 and replaced by a system of "personal military service" (service militaire personnel): a form of universal conscription.

## History
### Policy

The Belgian army relied on both voluntary enlistment and, from 1902, also on recruitment by lot in order to keep its numbers constant. Both the Liberals and Catholics advocated Remplacement as a way of privileging the aristocratic and bourgeois classes and were united in defending it against reformers.

### Abolition

The Belgian response to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1 highlighted the inadequacies of the country's military to defend its borders. The system of remplacement was viewed as an anachronism, constituting an unfair privilege for the wealthy and reducing the quality of the army's recruits. King Leopold II was particularly keen that the system be abolished and used his political influence to try to persuade politicians to support reform. Major-General Guillaume, Minister of War and a former aide de camp to the king, pushed for the government to adopt a policy of personal military service, and resigned from the cabinet on 10 December 1872 when it would not. With both major political factions united in favour of Remplacement, and only the Belgian Workers' Party in favour, reform was delayed.
The system was finally abolished in 1909, to be replaced by system whereby one son per family would be eligible for conscription into the army. In 1913, Albert I finally managed to have a bill passed through parliament instituting compulsory conscription for all adult males over the age of 20.
# Mahmud Kamani

Mahmud Abdullah Kamani (born August 1964) is a British businessman. He is co-founder and executive chairman of Boohoo Group.

## Early life

His father Abdullah Kamani is from Gujarat, India; settled in Kenya, but left in the 1960s due to unrest and moved to north-west England with his wife and three children. Abdullah started by selling handbags at a market stall, before starting a family textile business, supplying New Look and Primark.

## Career

In 2013, Kamani was awarded ‘Entrepreneur of the Year’ at the English Asian Business Awards. In 2015 he was honoured at the Legends of Industry Awards.
In April 2017, Boohoo announced that its profits had almost doubled to £31 million on sales up by 51% to almost £300 million. When the company was floated on the stock market in 2014, it was valued at £560 million, and is worth about £3.54 billion as of July 2021. In June 2017, Kamani sold a total of 36.6 million shares together with his siblings, Nurez and Rabia. He sold over £80 million worth of Boohoo shares and raised an additional £50 million by placing 22.7 million new shares. The funds raised are earmarked for the development of a “supersite” warehouse.
In April 2018, Boohoo shares recovered after brand PrettyLittleThing doubled sales. Boohoo owns 66% of the brand.
In February 2021, Boohoo has bought Arcadia brands Dorothy Perkins, Wallis and Burton out of administration for £25.2 million. Boohoo has bought the brands' e-commerce and digital assets and associated intellectual property rights.

## Personal life

Mahmud Kamani and his wife Aisha have three sons. Two of them, Umar Kamani and Adam Kamani, who co-founded PrettyLittleThing, are active in the family business.
His brother Jalal Kamani is the former trading director of Boohoo.
Mahmud Kamani retains his connection to Kenya by supporting Kibera Kids, a Nairobi-based non-profit organization.
In July 2020, allegations were made about the I Saw It First fashion brand and Morefray Ltd, a supply company to Boohoo, of paying less than the minimum wage and failing to protect staff from coronavirus during the pandemic. The company is owned by Jalal Kamani, who jointly founded Boohoo with his brother Mahmud.
# Logseq

Logseq is a free and open-source, personal knowledge base and note-taking application which can store data locally. It supports both Markdown and org-mode syntax.

## History

Tienson Qin started Logseq as platform to store interconnected information on infinite graphs which would run on any device.
Logseq Inc was formed with An Vu, Huang Peng, Tienson Qin, ZhiYuan Chen as founders, which raised over $4.1M for the growth.

## Features

Logseq can make semantic connections between notes, tasks, to-do lists, flashcards or PDF markups.
Logseq can help track and manage sources for research using Zotero integration.Look and feel of the app can be customized using themes. Live query builder helps to create queries using point and click.
Logseq is available for Windows, Linux, macOS, BSD, Android and iOS.

### Graph view

Graph view shows visually how the how notes or different information is interconnected.

### Whiteboard

Whiteboard helps to create and edit diagrams on logseq.

### Flashcards

Flashcards help to learn or memorize information by reviewing cards.

### Plugins

Plugins helps to add features which are not on the base app including integrations to other tools and platforms.
# Powell v Lee

Powell v Lee (1908) 99 LT 284 was an English contract law case. The ruling established that acceptance of an offer must be communicated to offeror by offeree himself or authorized agent.

## Facts

Mr. Powell applied for a job as headmaster and the school managers decided to appoint him. One of them, acting without authority, told Powell he had been accepted. Later the managers decided to appoint someone else. Then Powell brought an action alleging that by breach of a contract to employ him he had suffered damages in loss of salary.

## Judgment

The county court judge held that there was no contract as there had been no authorised communication of intention to contract on the part of the body, that is, the managers, alleged to be a party to the contract. This decision was upheld by the King's Bench Division. bsidshd