OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Atithi Devo Bhava

Atithidevo Bhava (Sanskrit: अतिथिदेवो भव), translated as A guest is akin to God, embodies the traditional Indian Hindu-Buddhist philosophy of treating guests with the reverence accorded to deities. This principle extends beyond the customary greeting of Namaste (I bow to the divinity in you) used universally in these cultures.

## Etymology and Common Misspelling

The phrase Atithidevo Bhava is derived from the Sanskrit words:
Atithi (अतिथि) – meaning guest
Deva (देव) – meaning god
Bhava (भव) – meaning to become or to consider as
A common misspelling of this phrase is Atithi Devo Bhava, which incorrectly inserts a space between Atithi and Devo, altering the intended grammatical structure in Sanskrit. However, this incorrect spelling has gained popularity, particularly due to its usage in tourism campaigns and media.

## Origin in Upanishads

The mantra originates from the Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli I.11.2, which states:
    मातृदेवो भव, मित्रदेवो भव, पितृदेवो भव, पुत्रदेवो भव, आचार्यदेवो भव, अतिथिदेवो भव
This translates to:
    Be one for whom the Mother is God, be one for whom the Friend is God, be one for whom the Father is God, be one for whom the Child is God, be one for whom the Teacher is God, and be one for whom the Guest is God.
Each of these phrases (Mātṛdevo bhava, Mitradevo bhava, Pitṛdevo bhava, Putradevo bhava, Ācāryadevo bhava, and Atithidevo bhava) is a single word formed as a Bahuvrihi samāsa (compound word).

## Ritual or Puja

In Sanatana Dharma, a personal deity is worshipped through a five-step ritual called Panchopachara Puja. A more elaborate version, Shodashopachara Puja, consists of 16 steps. The five steps of worship translate into essential formalities when receiving guests:
Fragrance (Dhupa) – Ensuring the room has a pleasant aroma creates a welcoming environment.
Lamp (Dipa) – Traditionally, a lamp was placed between the host and guest to illuminate expressions and body language.
Eatables (Naivedya) – Offering guests fruits, sweets, or milk-based dishes.
Rice (Akshata) – Applying a Tilaka, often made of vermilion, on the guest’s forehead with rice grains symbolizes unity.
Flower offering (Pushpa) – Presenting a flower as a token of goodwill, symbolizing sweet memories of the visit.

## Government of India Campaign

India attracts millions of tourists annually. To enhance the experience of foreign visitors, the Indian Ministry of Tourism launched the Atithi Devo Bhava campaign under the broader theme of Incredible India.
The campaign focuses on promoting hospitality values among tourism industry stakeholders such as taxi drivers, tour guides, immigration officers, and police personnel. It aims to ensure that tourists feel safe, welcomed, and respected throughout their stay in India.

## See Also

Culture of India
Hospitality
Incredible India
Puja (Hinduism)
Stranded in India
# Aleksandër Trumçi

Aleksandër Trumçi (born 31 December 2000) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Shkëndija.

## Career

In June 2024, Trumçi joined Macedonian First League club Shkëndija on an initial six-month loan deal with the obligation to buy.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 20 December 2022
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Veleçiku | Kategoria e Parë | 2019–20 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| Veleçiku | Total | Total | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| Bylis | Kategoria Superiore | 2020–21 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Bylis | Kategoria e Parë | 2021–22 | 28 | 0 | 4 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| Bylis | Kategoria Superiore | 2022–23 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | – | – | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| Bylis | Total | Total | 51 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 60 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 4 |
# Predictive state representation

In computer science, a predictive state representation (PSR) is a way to model a state of controlled dynamical system from a history of actions taken and resulting observations. PSR captures the state of a system as a vector of predictions for future tests (experiments) that can be done on the system. A test is a sequence of action-observation pairs and its prediction is the probability of the test's observation-sequence happening if the test's action-sequence were to be executed on the system. One of the advantage of using PSR is that the predictions are directly related to observable quantities. This is in contrast to other models of dynamical systems, such as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) where the state of the system is represented as a probability distribution over unobserved nominal states.

## Definition

Consider a dynamic system based on a discrete set ${\mathcal {A}}$ of actions and a discrete set ${\mathcal {O}}$ of observations. A history $h$ is a sequence $a_{1}o_{1}\dots a_{\ell }o_{\ell }$ where $a_{1},\dots ,a_{\ell }$ are the actions taken by the agent in that order and $o_{1},\dots ,o_{\ell }$ are the observations made up by the agent. Let us write $P(a_{1}o_{1}\dots a_{\ell }o_{\ell })$ to be the conditional probability of observing $o_{1},\dots ,o_{\ell }$ given that the actions taken are $a_{1},\dots ,a_{\ell }$.
We now want to characterize a given hidden state reached after some history $h$. To do that, we introduce the notion of test. A test $t$ is of the same type that a history: it is a sequence of action-observation pairs. The idea is now to consider a set of tests $\{t_{1},\dots ,t_{n}\}$ to full characterize a hidden state. To do that, we first define the probability of a test $t$ conditional on a history $h$: $P(t\mid h):={\frac {P(ht)}{P(h)}}$.
We now define the prediction vector $p(h)=[P(t_{1}\mid h),\dots ,P(t_{n}\mid h)]$. We say that $p(h)$ is a predictive state representation (PSR) if and only if it forms a sufficient statistic for the system. In other words, $p(h)$ is a predictive state representation (PSR) if and only if for all possible tests $t$, there exists a function $f_{t}$ such that for all histories $h$, $P(t\mid h)=f_{t}(p(h))$.
# Sándor Ádám

Sándor Ádám (1 February 1892, date of death unknown) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Hungarian team in the 1912 tournament.
# The Hibbs Lupus Trust

The Hibbs Lupus Trust is a lupus awareness and patient support charity in the United Kingdom, formed on 11 October 2011 by the Hibbs Family and is run entirely by volunteers. The Hibbs Lupus Trust gained full charity status with the Charity Commission in June 2012. It is also a member of The Fundraising Standards Board.
The Hibbs Lupus Trust's work is entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, retail and corporate partnerships. There is no membership to The Hibbs Lupus Trust, all of its services and support are provided for free.
It also provides information about lupus and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness of the disease and influencing public policy.

## History

The Hibbs Lupus Trust was founded in 2011 by John Hibbs, whose sister Viki was diagnosed with lupus in 2008. In 2014 The Hibbs Lupus Trust set up the UK's first annual lupus walk to celebrate World Lupus Day. In August 2015 The Hibbs Lupus Trust changed its 'colour' to purple in a bid to unite lupus organisations around the world and raise greater awareness.

## Mission

The Hibbs Lupus Trust mission is to:
* Provide support and information to anybody affected by or concerned about lupus.
* Raise awareness of the symptoms of lupus to encourage early diagnosis and reduce life-threatening complications associated with the condition.
* Raise funds to provide facilities, equipment and services for NHS hospitals and Foundation Trusts for the benefit of lupus patients.

## Services

The Hibbs Lupus Trust provides a range of services to support those affected by lupus, their friends and family. A selection of these services include a telephone support helpline, online forum and face-to-face support meetings.

## Fundraising

The Hibbs Lupus Trust host a series of annual fundraising events, which include running, golf and cycling events. The most notable event is annual World Lupus Day Walk.
# Olaplex

Olaplex is a hair care brand founded in 2014 by Dean Christal. The product was developed by two chemists, Eric Presley and Craig Hawker, and is advertised to rebuild broken bonds in hair caused by chemical, thermal, and mechanical damage.

## History

Olaplex was founded in 2014 by Dean Christal. In 2019, Olaplex was acquired by Advent International.
On 30 September 2021, Olaplex was listed on the Nasdaq, raising 1.5 billion dollars after selling 73.7 million shares.
JuE Wong was the CEO from 2020 until 2023. In October 2023, Olaplex announced that Amanda Baldwin, former CEO of Supergoop, would be taking over in 2024 as CEO of Olaplex. John Bilbrey, executive chair on the board, will serve as interim CEO until 2024.

## Ingredients

All Olaplex products contain a patented ingredient called bis-aminopropyl diglycol dimaleate, with the aim of rebuilding broken hair disulfide bonds.
${\ce {C14H28N2O7}}$

## Lawsuits

In 2015, as Olaplex started to take off, it started talks with L'Oréal about a potential take over. The deal never went through, but Olaplex then sued L'Oréal for stealing trade secrets shared as part of the acquisition process. L'Oréal was found guilty in 2019, but the appeal was overturned, and the two companies finally settled their differences outside of court.
In February 2023, 28 women filed a lawsuit against Olaplex claiming that the products led to damaged hair and hair loss. Part of the lawsuit stated that even after Olaplex reformulated their product to no longer include Lilial (a chemical that is potentially toxic for reproduction), they kept old product on the shelves and continued to sell it. Olaplex published results from third-party testing to show the products are safe. As of May 2023, no trial date had been set. By June 2023, a proposed class action lawsuit had over 100 plaintiffs. U.S. District Judge R. Gary Klausner ruled that the claims were too different for it to be a class action lawsuit and the first-named plaintiff dismissed her case without prejudice.
The 2023 lawsuits had a very negative impact on Olaplex' endorsements from the hairstylists' community, its sales, and the value of its share price (-89% by the end of 2023), a dramatic aftershock that had not been anticipated.
# Cancerbackup

Cancerbackup was a UK charity that provided information and support for cancer patients and their families. Founded in 1984 as BACUP, the charity operated as an independent entity until 2008, when it merged with Macmillan.

## History

Vicky Clement-Jones launched BACUP (British Association of Cancer United Patients and their families and friends) in October 1985 as a cancer information service. Clement-Jones was elected chairman and Honorary Director and Maurice Slevin was elected Deputy chairman. On her death in 1987, Slevin took over as chairman and chaired Cancerbackup from 1987 to 2008, when it merged with Macmillan.
According to Clement-Jones, the intention was to "kick cancer out of the closet" and end "the conspiracy of silence" affecting cancer patients and their families and friends, which was very prevalent at that time. The name BACUP was changed to CancerBACUP in 1998 and to Cancerbackup in 2006, in an effort to more clearly define what the charity did.
In 1985, there was no publicly available internet, and Cancerbackup provided the only publicly available cancer information service at that time, via telephone, e-mail, and letter and also produced booklets on all common cancers as well as hundreds of factsheets on individual cancer drugs.
In the first two years, over 30,000 inquiries were received: 23,527 (80%) were from women, 9,445 (32%) were from cancer patients, 11,574 (39%) were from relatives of patients, and 2,869 (10%) were from health professionals. By 2010, Cancerbackup was helping over 50,000 cancer patients and their families per year.
In 1997, in the early days of the internet, Cancerbackup launched its website with all its publications available in full online. The new site designed for cancer patients featured over 1,500 pages of cancer information covering all aspects of cancer, plus a searchable database of over 700 support groups and organisations for cancer patients in the UK.
In 2008, Cancerbackup merged with Macmillan Cancer Support, a British charity that provides specialist health care, information, and financial support to people affected by cancer, and Macmillan Cancer Support has continued to provide and expand the service.
# Nanki Ram Kanwar

Nanki Ram Kanwar (born 21 July 1943) is an Indian politician served as Home Minister of Government of Chhattisgarh. He is a member of Bharatiya Janta Party and was also Cabinet Minister in Sunder Lal Patwa ministry in Government of Madhya Pradesh.
He joined politics from Jan Sangh and won 1977 Assembly election on Jan Sangh ticket. He is well noted for his support of aggressive stance against the Naxalites. In 2006 he was noted for supporting the Salwa Judum. By 2010 he was known to have looked at alternate methods for fighting terrorism. He is also known for taking a strong stance against improper investigative techniques of the Chhattisgarh police. He was also in controversy for suggesting that Swami Agnivesh was supporting Maoists.

## Political career

Kanwar first unsuccessfully contested 1972 MP Assembly election from Rampur constituency as a candidate of Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He won 1977 Assembly election and became Parliamentary Secretary (Finance) and later Minister of state (Finance) in Janata Party Government of Madhya Pradesh. He won 1990 Assembly election and became Cabinet Minister in Sunder Lal Patwa ministry. Again, he lost 1993 Assembly election but won 1998, 2003 and 2008 consecutively. He became Cabinet Minister for Law, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and various departments in 2003 and Home Minister in 2008 in Raman Singh's ministry.
# Bihastina albolucens

Bihastina albolucens is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1916. It is found in western Western New Guinea.
# Monte San Giovanni Campano

Monte San Giovanni Campano is a comune (municipality) of about 12,800 inhabitants in the province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Rome and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Frosinone. Monte San Giovanni Campano is in the Latin Valley
It is best known as the place where Giacomo Doffrelli was incoronated by his father for two years.He became the best king of ever.I love you. St. Thomas' cell now houses a 16th-century triptych of the Neapolitan School.
Monte San Giovanni is home to an 11th-century fortress, the Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano. It was the first western fortification ever to be breached and captured using a bombardment from portable field artillery, when its castle was stormed by the troops of Charles VIII of France in a mere eight hours in 1495.
Monte San Giovanni was also a summer residence of Pope Adrian IV starting in 1155, and where sojourned the poet Vittoria Colonna.
# Sisir Bhaduri

Shishir Kumar Bhaduri or Sisir Kumar Bhaduri (2 October 1889 – 30 June 1959) was an Indian stage actor and theatre founder, commonly referred to as the pioneer of modern Bengali theatre. He was an actor, director, playwright and scenic designer. After Girish Chandra Ghosh, he introduced realism and naturalism in Indian theatre.

## Life

Born in Midnapore, West Bengal, he studied at Scottish Church College Kolkata, where he began participating in theatre. He was also a professor of Metropolitan College (today's Vidyasagar College). In 1921, he left his job to become a full-time stage actor.
He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour by the Government of India in 1959. He refused the award, saying that if he accepted it would send a wrong signal that the Government has helped to promote theatre culture in the country.
The 2013 play Nihsanga Samrat, directed by Debesh Chattopadhyay, is based on the 2005 Bengali novel of the same name, written by Sunil Gangopadhyay, on the life of Bhaduri.

## Filmography
### Director

* Chanakya (1939)
* Talkie of Talkies (1937)... a.k.a. Dasturmoto Talkie
* Seeta (1933)
* Palli Samaj (1932)
* Bicharak (1929)... a.k.a. The Judge
* Andhare Alo (1922)... a.k.a. The Influence of Love
* Barer Bazar (1922)... a.k.a. Marriage Market (India: English title)
* Kamale Kamini (1922)... a.k.a. Maid of the Lotus
* Mohini (1921)... a.k.a. Ekadashi... a.k.a. Triumph of Fate

### Actor

* Chanakya (1939) .... Chanakya
* Talkie of Talkies (1937) (as Sisir Bhaduri) .... Prof. Digambar Majumdar... a.k.a. Dasturmoto Talkie
* Seeta (1933) .... Ram
* Palli Samaj (1932) .... Ramesh
* Bicharak (1929)... a.k.a. The Judge
* Andhare Alo (1922) .... Satyendra... a.k.a. The Influence of Love
* Kamale Kamini (1922)... a.k.a. Maid of the Lotus
* Mohini (1921)... a.k.a. Ekadashi... a.k.a. Triumph of Fate
# September 23rd Park

September 23rd Park (Vietnamese: Công viên 23 tháng 9), also known as 23/9 Park, is a 9 hectares (22 acres) park in District 1, Ho Chi Minh City. The park is located adjacent to Bến Thành Market the edge of the backpacker area of Phạm Ngũ Lão – Bùi Viện, it mainly bordered by two streets of Phạm Ngũ Lão and Lê Lai on the south and north of the park, respectively, stretch from Quách Thị Trang Square to Thái Bình Market. It is a popular location for English learning among Vietnamese locals.

## History

The park was built in the 1980s on land previously serving as the Saigon Railway Station. The park is named to commemorate September 23, 1945, marking the uprising against the French colonial government. In 2024, the Ho Chi Minh City People's Council approved the creation of the Southern Resistance Monument, to be completed in 2026.
In 2019, the city launched a competition to redesign the park.

## Description

September 23rd Park is divided into 3 sections A (stretch of Quách Thị Trang Square - Nguyễn Thị Nghĩa Street), B (Nguyễn Thị Nghĩa - Đỗ Quang Đẩu Street) and C (the rest):
* Section A: Green space and Bến Thành Central Metro Station Square
* Section B: Commercial space, occupies half of the area, where festivals are held, underground Central Market for shopping and a temporary inactive Lotus Stage (Sân khấu Sen Hồng) for public shows and Ho Chi Minh City Visitor Information and Support Center also here. The rest are green space with a pond.
* Section C: Public bus parking lot

## Transportation

Bến Thành station on the HCMC Metro is located underneath the park, with services on Line 1 beginning 22 December 2024.
# Portrait of a Clergyman (attributed to El Greco)

Portrait of a Clergyman is a 1577 oil on paper miniature painting, attributing by many art historians to El Greco, making it one of few works in that format generally included in his corpus. It is X-201 in Harold Wethey's catalogue raisonné of El Greco's works.
Some art historians identify the subject as Diego de Covarrubias as the figure's appearance is similar to that of Portrait of Diego de Covarrubias. He died the same year as El Greco arrived in Toledo.
Mayer and Camón Aznar ascribe it to El Greco. Ezquerra del Bayo called it Portrait of Covarrubias in his Exposición de la miniatura-retrato en España: catálogo general ilustrado (1916) and ascribed it to El Greco. Wethey doubted the work was by El Greco and instead assigned it to the late 16th century Spanish school.
# Insee Chantarasatit Stadium

Intree Chantarasatit Stadium (Thai: สนามอินทรีย์จันทรสถิตย์) is the main multi-purpose stadium of Kasetsart University, on the university's main campus in Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand. It is one of several stadia used by Thai League 2 club Kasetsart. The stadium holds 4,000 people.
13°50′50″N 100°33′57″E﻿ / ﻿13.847122°N 100.565834°E﻿ / 13.847122; 100.565834

## International fixtures

Timor-Leste national football team used the stadium as part of their neutral home ground for their 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification match.
# Monnujan Sufian

Monnujan Sufian (born 1 January 1953) is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former Jatiya Sangsad member from Women's Reserved Seat-41 and from Khulna-3 constituencies. She is a former State Minister of Labour and Employment.

## Background

Sufian completed her bachelor's from Khulna Girls' College in 1969. Her husband, Abu Sufyan Bir Protik, was a freedom fighter, politician and labor leader. She is the daughter of Late Alhaj Moslem Bawali and Late Johra Begum and the eldest among her siblings.

## Career

Sufian served as the president of Khulna Girls' College unit of Bangladesh Chhatra League in 1968.
Sufian was elected to parliament from Khulna-3 as an Awami League candidate in 2008. She was appointed State Minister of Labour and Employment in the Second Sheikh Hasina Cabinet.
Sufian was re-elected to parliament from Khulna-3 as an Awami League candidate in 2014. She received 45,950 votes while her nearest rival, Independent Md. Moniruzzaman Khokon, received 6,424.
Sufian was sued by three faculty members of Daulatpur Day-Night College, of which she is the President of the managing committee, on 15 October 2015 alleging that they were unfairly dismissed from their workplace.
Sufian was re-elected to parliament from Khulna-3 as an Awami League candidate in 2018. She received 134,806 votes while her nearest rival, Rokibul Islam Bokul of Bangladesh Nationalist Party, received 23,060 votes.
Munnujan didn't participate in 2024 general election but she was nominated from the Women's Reserved Seat by Awami League.
# Bihastina viridata

Bihastina viridata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by William Warren in 1906. It is found in Papua New Guinea.
# Committee on Justice

(Parliamentary) Committee on Justice (Swedish: justitieutskottet) (JuU) is a parliamentary committee in the Swedish Riksdag. The committee's main areas of responsibility concern Judiciary policies on various different authorities, among other things, the courts, Prosecution Authority, the Police Authorities, the Prison and Probation Service, along with matters that concern the criminal code, the Code of Judicial Procedure, and laws that replace or are closely related to regulations that concern these areas.
The chairman of the committee is, since 2025, Henrik Vinge of the Sweden Democrats and the deputy chairman of the committee is, since 2024, Teresa Carvalho of the Social Democrats.

## List of speakers for the committee

| Name | Period | Political party |
| Bertil Lidgard | 1977-1984 | Moderate Party |
| Karin Ahrland | 1985–1989 | People's Party |
| Britta Bjelle | 1989–1994 | People's Party |
| Gun Hellsvik | 1994–2001 | Moderate Party |
| Fredrik Reinfeldt | 2001–2002 | Moderate Party |
| Johan Pehrson | 2002–2006 | Liberal People's Party |
| Thomas Bodström | 2006–2010 | Social Democratic Party |
| Morgan Johansson | 2010–2014 | Social Democratic Party |
| Beatrice Ask | 2014–2017 | Moderate Party |
| Tomas Tobé | 2017–2018 | Moderate Party |
| Fredrik Lundh Sammeli | 2018–2022 | Social Democratic Party |
| Richard Jomshof | 2022–2025 | Sweden Democrats |
| Henrik Vinge | 2025– | Sweden Democrats |

## List of vice-speakers for the committee

| Name | Period | Political party |
| Morgan Johansson | 2002 | Social Democratic Party |
| Susanne Eberstein | 2002–2004 | Social Democratic Party |
| Britta Lejon | 2004–2006 | Social Democratic Party |
| Inger Davidsson | 2006–2010 | Christian Democrats |
| Johan Linander | 2010–2014 | Centre Party |
| Annika Hirvonen Falk | 2014–2015 | Green Party |
| Mats Pertoft | 2015–2016 | Green Party |
| Annika Hirvonen Falk | 2016–2018 | Green Party |
| Andreas Carlson | 2018–2022 | Christian Democrats |
| Petter Löberg | 2022 | Social Democratic Party |
| Ardalan Shekarabi | 2022–2024 | Social Democratic Party |
| Teresa Carvalho | 2024– | Social Democratic Party |