# United States House Committee on Ethics

The U.S. House Committee on Ethics, often known simply as the Ethics Committee, is one of the committees of the United States House of Representatives. Before the 112th Congress, it was known as the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct.
The House Ethics Committee has often received criticism. In response to criticism, the House created the Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE), an independent non-partisan entity established to monitor ethical conduct in the House.

## Members

The committee has an equal number of members from each party, unlike the rest of the committees, which are constituted with the majority of members and the committee chair coming from the party that controls the House. This even split has limited its power by giving either political party an effective veto over the actions of the committee. Members may not serve more than three terms on the committee, unless they serve as chair in their fourth term.

### Members, 119th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Michael Guest, Mississippi, Chair John Rutherford, Florida Andrew Garbarino, New York Ashley Hinson, Iowa Nathaniel Moran, Texas | Mark DeSaulnier, California, Ranking Member Deborah Ross, North Carolina Glenn Ivey, Maryland Sylvia Garcia, Texas Suhas Subramanyam, Virginia |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 117 (Chair), H.Res. 125 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 213 (R), H.Res. 214 (D)

## Past committee rosters
### 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Michael Guest, Mississippi, Chair David Joyce, Ohio John Rutherford, Florida Andrew Garbarino, New York Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota | Susan Wild, Pennsylvania, Ranking Member Veronica Escobar, Texas Mark DeSaulnier, California Deborah K. Ross, North Carolina Glenn Ivey, Maryland |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 79 (D), H.Res. 80 (R), H.Res. 84 (chair)

### 117th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Ted Deutch, Florida, Chair (until September 30, 2022) Susan Wild, Pennsylvania Chair (from September 30, 2022) Dean Phillips, Minnesota Veronica Escobar, Texas Mondaire Jones, New York | Jackie Walorski, Indiana, Ranking Member (until August 3, 2022) Michael Guest, Mississippi, Ranking Member (from August 19, 2022) David Joyce, Ohio John Rutherford, Florida Kelly Armstrong, North Dakota |
Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 9 (chair), H.Res. 10 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 62 (D), H.Res. 63 (R), H.Res. 95 (R)

### 116th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Ted Deutch, Florida, Chair Grace Meng, New York Susan Wild, Pennsylvania Dean Phillips, Minnesota Anthony Brown, Maryland | Kenny Marchant, Texas, Ranking Member John Ratcliffe, Texas (until May 22, 2020) George Holding, North Carolina Jackie Walorski, Indiana Michael Guest, Mississippi |
Sources: H.Res. 31 (chair), H.Res. 32 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 113 (R), H.Res. 125 (D), H.Res. 148 (D)

### 115th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Susan Brooks, Indiana, Chairwoman Pat Meehan, Pennsylvania, until January 2018 Kenny Marchant, Texas Leonard Lance, New Jersey Mimi Walters, California John Ratcliffe, Texas, from January 2018 | Ted Deutch, Florida, Ranking Member Yvette Clarke, New York Jared Polis, Colorado Anthony Brown, Maryland Steve Cohen, Tennessee |
Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 56, H.Res. 127 (D), H.Res. 685 (R)

### 114th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Charlie Dent, Pennsylvania, Chairman Pat Meehan, Pennsylvania Trey Gowdy, South Carolina Susan Brooks, Indiana Kenny Marchant, Texas | Linda Sánchez, California, Ranking Member Mike Capuano, Massachusetts Yvette Clarke, New York Ted Deutch, Florida John B. Larson, Connecticut |
Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 30, H.Res. 71 (D)

### 113th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Mike Conaway, Texas, Chairman Charlie Dent, Pennsylvania Pat Meehan, Pennsylvania Trey Gowdy, South Carolina Susan Brooks, Indiana | Linda Sánchez, California, Ranking Member Pedro Pierluisi, Puerto Rico Mike Capuano, Massachusetts Yvette Clarke, New York Ted Deutch, Florida |
Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 7, H.Res. 42 (D)

### 112th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| Jo Bonner, Alabama, Chairman Michael McCaul, Texas Mike Conaway, Texas Charlie Dent, Pennsylvania Gregg Harper, Mississippi | Linda Sánchez, California, Ranking Member John Yarmuth, Kentucky Donna Edwards, Maryland Pedro Pierluisi, Puerto Rico Joe Courtney, Connecticut |
Source:
* Resolutions (H.Res. 6 and H.Res. 62) electing members to certain standing committees of the House of Representatives.

## Function

The Ethics Committee has many functions, but they all revolve around the standards of ethical conduct for members of the House. Under this authority, it:
* Agrees on a set of rules that regulate what behavior is considered ethical for members (rules relating to gifts, travel, campaign activities, treatment of staff, conflicts of interest, etc. are typical)
* Conducts investigations into whether members have violated these standards
* Makes recommendations to the whole House on what action, if any, should be taken as a result of the investigations (e.g. censure, expulsion from the House, or nothing if the member is found not to be violating a rule)
* Provides advice to members before they (the members) take action, so as to avoid uncertainty over ethical culpability.

## History

The House Committee on Ethics was established in 1967. Before its creation, the House relied on inconsistent methods for disciplining members, often using ad hoc committees or direct floor actions, but the Ethics Committee introduced a standardized framework for self-discipline, reflecting the growing relevance of matters concerning ethics since the 1960s.
As a result of the criminal investigation of Majority Leader Tom DeLay (R-TX), and lobbyist Jack Abramoff, there was pressure on the Ethics Committee to take action to admonish members involved in their activities. However, action was slow and the responsibility for impeding its progress was attributed to then-Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Dennis Hastert. When the committee did admonish Tom DeLay for a third time, Hastert removed three Republicans from the panel, including chairman Joel Hefley, (R-CO). Hastert had his own personal ethical problems, such as when he failed to take action when warned about Mark Foley's sexual relationships with young congressional pages. The new chairman, Doc Hastings (R-WA), acted to rein in the panel, leading to a Democratic boycott and preventing a quorum. The stalemate lasted three months until Hastings backed down. By then the committee was left broken and unable to take action in the DeLay case, the full Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal, or other cases such as that of ranking Ethics Committee Democrat Jim McDermott (D-WA), who revealed violations by Newt Gingrich without authorization to the press.
On November 16, 2010, Charles Rangel (D-NY) was found guilty on 11 of the 12 charges against him by the adjudicatory subcommittee of the House Ethics Committee. They included solicitation of funds and donations for the non-profit Rangel Center from those with business before the Ways and Means Committee and the improper use of Congressional letterhead and other House resources in those solicitations; for submitting incomplete and inaccurate financial disclosures, for using an apartment as an office despite having Congressional dealings with its landlord and for failing to pay taxes on a Dominican villa.
On March 29, 2010, the OCE released a report dated January 28, 2010, that concluded Rep. Nathan Deal (R-GA) appeared to have improperly used his office staff to pressure Georgia officials to continue the exclusive, no-bid state vehicle inspection program that generated hundreds of thousands of dollars a year for his family's auto salvage business, Gainesville Salvage & Disposal. The Ethics Committee never reported or commented on any investigation of Deal. On March 1, 2010, Deal resigned his seat saying he was concentrating on a run for governor, which excluded him from the Office of Congressional Ethics' jurisdiction. Besides Deal, another Georgia Republican, Rep. Paul Broun, accused of paying a consultant with taxpayer funds in his 2014 bid for a U.S. Senate race, avoided answering to charges by losing that primary and leaving office.
The OCE discovered, via a difficult investigation, that a 2013 trip nine members took to Azerbaijan was paid for by funds laundered for the purpose from the Azerbaijani government. The Ethics committee had asked the OCE to drop the case, only approving release of a summary finding in 2015, deeming the full report "not appropriate for release because the referral followed the OCE Board’s decision not to cease its investigations."
On January 2, 2017, one day before the 115th United States Congress was scheduled to convene for its first session, the House Republican majority voted 119–74 to effectively place the OCE under direct control of the House Ethics Committee, making any subsequent reviews of possible violations of criminal law by Congressional members dependent upon approval following referral to the Ethics Committee itself, or to federal law enforcement agencies. The new rules would have prevented the OCE from independently releasing public statements on pending or completed investigations. House Judiciary Committee chair Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) defended the action on the rules amendment saying it "builds upon and strengthens the existing Office of Congressional Ethics by maintaining its primary area of focus of accepting and reviewing complaints from the public and referring them, if appropriate, to the Committee on Ethics." House Republicans reversed their plan to gut the OCE less than 24 hours after the initial vote, under bipartisan pressure from Representatives, their constituents and the president-elect, Donald Trump. In addition to negative Trump tweets, criticism was widespread including from Judicial Watch, the Project on Government Oversight, former Representative Bob Ney (R-OH), who was convicted of receiving bribes, and Abramoff, the lobbyist who provided such bribes.