# Aerial roof markings

Aerial roof markings are symbols, letters or numbers on the roof of selected police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances, coast guard vehicles, cash-in-transit vans, buses and boats to enable aircraft or CCTV to identify them. These markings can be used to identify a specific vehicle, vehicle type or agency. The markings, depending on the vehicle, or information required, may also be displayed on the bonnet, boot, or other areas of the vehicle visible from the air.

## Australia

Different state police forces in Australia use different aerial roof markings to designate specific vehicles, duty types and areas.

### New South Wales Police Force

Local Area Commands vehicle bonnet/roof codes
| AB | Albury | AS | Ashfield | BA | Barwon | BB | Botany Bay | BK | Bankstown |
| BL | Blue Mountains | BN | Blacktown | BR | Barrier | BU | Burwood | BW | Brisbane Water |
| CA | Campsie | CB | Canobolas | CBL | Coleambally | CC | Coffs/Clarence | CEH | Central Hunter |
| CF | Chifley | CM | Cabramatta | CN | Camden | CS | Castlereagh | CT | Campbelltown |
| CU | Cootmundra | DL | Darling River | DP | Darlington Point | DQ | Deniliquin | EB | Eastern Beaches |
| ES | Eastern Suburbs | EW | Eastwood | FA | Fairfield | FL | Flemington | FS | Far South Coast |
| GF | Griffith | GL | Gladesville | GN | Goulburn | GV | Green Valley | HB | Hawkesbury |
| HI | The Hills | HR | Holroyd | HS | Harbourside | HU | Hurstville | HV | Hunter Valley |
| JN | Junee | K | Kempsy | KU | Ku-Ring-Gai | KX | Kings Cross | LE | Leichhardt |
| LI | Lake Illawarra | LL | Lachlan | LM | Lake Macquarie | LP | Liverpool | MD | Mount Druitt |
| ME | Mudgee | MF | Macquarie Fields | MG | Manning/Great Lakes | MI | Miranda | ML | Manly |
| MN | Monaro | MNC | Mid North Coast | MR | Marrickville | NB | Northern Beaches | NTH | Northern Highway Patrol |
| NCC | Newcastle City | ND | New England | NS | North Shore | NT | Newtown | NTH | North |
| OR | Orana | OX | Oxley | PA | Parramatta | PE | Penrith | PTS | Port Stephens |
| QH | Quakers Hill | RB | Rose Bay | RF | Redfern | RH | Rosehill | RM | Richmond |
| RY | Ryde | SC | Sydney City | SG | St George | SH | Surry Hills | SM | St Marys |
| SU | Sutherland | SV | Shoalhaven | TB | Tweed/Byron | TF | Tenterfield | TL | Tuggerah Lakes |
| WG | Wollongong | WW | Wagga Wagga |

### Fire appliances in New South Wales

Fire and Rescue NSW fit aerial identification markings to appliances that are indicative of the vehicles call sign. Example: "RP001" indicates the appliance is the Rescue Pumper belonging to station 001, the City of Sydney, while HH077 indicates the Heavy Hazmat support truck from St Marys fire station.
Fire and Rescue NSW aerial roof ID codes
| AP | Aerial Pump | CT | Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS) Tanker | DC | Duty Commander |
| FIRU | Fire Investigations & Research Unit | H (HH) | Hazmat (Heavy Hazmat) | HH | Heavy Hazmat |
| HP | Hazmat Pumper | HT | Hazmat Tanker | ICV | Incident Control Vehicle |
| LP | Ladder Platform | LSV | Logistical Support Vehicle | P | Pumper |
| R (HR) | Rescue (Heavy Rescue) | RP | Rescue Pumper | RT | Rescue Tanker |
| SEV | Service Exchange Vehicle (spare) | USAR | Urban Search and Rescue | | |
The New South Wales Rural Fire Service fits aerial identification numbers to rural fire appliances with the format consisting of the letter "B" (for Bush Fire) and the last 4 digits of the vehicles RTA approved operations plate. Example: "BF-07967" allocates an aerial ID of "7967". These markings do not denote a vehicles callsign.
The South Australian Country Fire Service have an infrared beacon on the roof of most new appliances and the vehicle call sign. As all trucks are named and numbered according to their location, capacity and capability (e.g. Hynam 34, Location: Hynam, 3000L, 4WD or Belair 34P, Location Belair, 3000L, 4WD, Pumper), their call sign is also placed on the roof of the cab in a red text on white roof fashion. Older State Emergency Service vehicles, primarily in country areas, may have their call sign on the roof as well.

## United Kingdom
### Police vehicles

Police vehicles in the United Kingdom have markings of symbols, letters and numbers on their tops to enable aircraft to identify them. These markings show the use of the vehicle, its force code and a vehicle identifying mark or the police division to which the vehicle belongs.
Not every vehicle displays markings, but those involved in response and traffic generally do. This factor stems from guidelines of the Association of Chief Police Officers relating to police air operations and pursuit management.

#### Vehicle usage markings

* Armed response vehicle (ARV) used by armed police from various police units – 5 point asterisk *
* General (incident response vehicle or area car)/Traffic – a circle symbol ●
* Dog support unit (DSU) – triangle ▲
* Public order (PO) personnel carrier – square ◼
* Police medics. Some policing vehicles like ARVs and IRVs may have major first aid and fire equipment installed with trained officers aboard – green cross +
On a typical vehicle roof layout, the vehicle usage marking is preceded by an integer PNC Force Identifier; the individual (and within each organisation, unique) Vehicle Identifier, commonly alphanumeric, should occupy a second line all by itself.

#### Unique PNC force code

The Police National Computer (PNC) is used by UK police forces and other government agencies to store and retrieve data about people, vehicles, plant and government locations. Regarding roof markings, their inscription helps identifying the regional or institutional affiliation of each vehicle. PNC force codes are also used when custody records are created, when items are submitted to places such as the Forensic Science Service laboratory, when evidence is stored, or when documents are to be passed from one force to another. They also form the first two digits of any certificate issued under the Firearms Act since the introduction of the National Firearms Licensing Management System. For example, a licence issued by the Metropolitan Police will start with '02'.
| PNC Code | Force |
| 01 | Metropolitan Police |
| 02 | Metropolitan Police |
| 03 | Cumbria Constabulary |
| 04 | Lancashire Constabulary |
| 05 | Merseyside Police |
| 06 | Greater Manchester Police |
| 07 | Cheshire Constabulary |
| 08 | Criminal Cases Review Commission |
| 09 | Post Office Security |
| 10 | Northumbria Police |
| 11 | Durham Constabulary |
| 12 | North Yorkshire Police |
| 13 | West Yorkshire Police |
| 14 | South Yorkshire Police |
| 15 | Royal Military Police and RAF Police |
| 16 | Humberside Police |
| 17 | Cleveland Police |
| 18 | Department of Trade and Industry |
| 19 | X400 Interface Broadcasts |
| 20 | West Midlands Police |
| 21 | Staffordshire Police |
| 22 | West Mercia Police |
| 23 | Warwickshire Police |
| 24 | Ministry of Defence Police |
| 25 | PNC Hendon |
| 26 | PNC Horseferry (Testing) |
| 27 | PNC Testing |
| 28 | PNC Restart terminals 1 |
| 29 | PNC Restart terminals 2 |
| 30 | Derbyshire Constabulary |
| 31 | Nottinghamshire Police |
| 32 | Lincolnshire Police |
| 33 | Leicestershire Constabulary |
| 34 | Northamptonshire Police |
| 35 | Cambridgeshire Constabulary |
| 36 | Norfolk Constabulary |
| 37 | Suffolk Constabulary |
| 38 | Thames Valley Police |
| 39 | NPT (formerly CTS) |
| 40 | Bedfordshire Police |
| 41 | Hertfordshire Constabulary |
| 42 | Essex Police |
| 43 | Wiltshire Police |
| 44 | Hampshire and Isle of Wight Constabulary |
| 45 | Surrey Police |
| 46 | Kent Police |
| 47 | Sussex Police |
| 48 | City of London Police |
| 49 | Kent Ports Police |
| 50 | Devon & Cornwall Police |
| PNC Code | Government department |
| 51 | Force 51 (out of use) |
| 52 | Avon & Somerset Constabulary |
| 53 | Gloucestershire Constabulary |
| 54 | Wiltshire Police |
| 55 | Dorset Police |
| 56 | Guernsey Police |
| 57 | States of Jersey Police |
| 58 | Port of Dover Police |
| 59 | Civil Nuclear Constabulary |
| 60 | North Wales Police |
| 61 | Gwent Police |
| 62 | South Wales Police |
| 63 | Dyfed-Powys Police |
| 64 | National Ports Office |
| 65 | National Joint Unit |
| 66 | Nuclear Information Service |
| 67 | National Crime Agency (formerly NCIS) |
| 68 | Government Communications Headquarters |
| 69 | Home Office Immigration Enforcement |
| 70 | Police Scotland (formerly Dumfries & Galloway Police) |
| 71 | Royal Navy NIS Liaison |
| 72 | Royal Air Force |
| 73 | Army NIS Liaison |
| 74 | Police Scotland (formerly Strathclyde Police) |
| 75 | HSE Nuclear Directorate |
| 76 | Police Scotland (formerly Lothian & Borders Police) |
| 77 | Department for Work and Pensions |
| 78 | Police Scotland (formerly Fife Constabulary) |
| 79 | Bramshill Police College |
| 80 | Police Scotland (formerly Tayside Police) |
| 81 | Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) Security |
| 82 | Police Scotland (formerly Grampian Police) |
| 83 | Police Scotland (formerly Scottish Police College) |
| 84 | Police Scotland (formerly Central Scotland Police) |
| 85 | Inland Revenue |
| 86 | His Majesty's Prison Service |
| 87 | Police Scotland (formerly Northern Constabulary) |
| 88 | HM Customs and Excise |
| 89 | Department of the Environment |
| 90 | Police Scotland (formerly Scottish Crime and Drug Enforcement Agency) |
| 91 | National Crime Agency (formerly National Crime Squad) |
| 92 | National Automated Fingerprint Identification System |
| 93 | British Transport Police |
| 94 | Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency |
| 95 | Criminal Records Bureau |
| 96 | Police Scotland (formerly SPSA) |
| 97 | Isle of Man Constabulary |
| 98 | Police Service of Northern Ireland |
| 99 | Criminal Records Bureau |
| 100 | Departmental Security Units |

### Thermal roof markings

In 2004, the UK Home Office, under direction from the Technical and Training Committee of ACPO Air Operations were tasked with improving the recognition and identification of police vehicles amongst other traffic, particularly when operating at night. Colour images show the flashing blue lights but other details are lost, and a thermal camera image would show the vehicles and surroundings, but the livery and roofbar lighting could not be seen. The preferred solution was to make the police vehicle distinguishable when viewed with a thermal camera.
Working with Qinetiq, they developed a thermally reflective marking film and issued the publication "Thermal Roof Markings for Police Vehicles 43/04". These markings reflect infrared light back to the thermal imager, resulting in a contrast between the cold reflection and the ground or vehicle temperature. Being passive in nature, they require no activity on the part of the air observer or vehicle crew, nor any power from the vehicle.

### Public buses

From 2006 onwards, single and double-decker buses operating London Buses services began having their roofs painted in heat-reflective white as part of a scheme to cool down their interiors in hot summer weather. This would eventually coincide with the introduction of roof markings, as shown in the image opposite. The first three letters denote the operator (GAG is Go-Ahead Group) and the remaining letters and numbers are the fleet number (SEe200), which also appears on the front and rear of the vehicle.
From 2023, lozenge-shaped stickers denoting the type of fuel the bus runs on (grey for diesel and 'smart' or 'mild hybrids', orange for electric, blue for hydrogen), placed on the roof below the fleet number of the bus, were rolled out onto every London bus by Transport for London contracted bus operators for ease of identification by the emergency services.
Operator codes include:
* ARL, Arriva London
* GAG, Go-Ahead Group
* MTG, Metroline
* ABL, Transport UK (formerly known as Abellio)
* SCG, Stagecoach Group
* LUB, First Bus London (formerly known as RATP Dev Transit London)

## Germany
### Fire vehicles

In Germany, DIN 14035, "Dachkennzeichen für Feuerwehrfahrzeuge" (Roof Marking of Fire Engines), issued in November 1981, defines that fire engines should carry their registration plate number; these include the one-to-three letter abbreviation code of the corresponding Landkreis, thus making regional origin self-evident. The inscription is recommended to be at least 40 cm in size; the font color should, in terms of roof painting, be "white on red", or "black on white and aluminium/metallic".
As DIN standards are, however, not generally binding in Germany, but mere recommendations, the scheme is not used everywhere, with some fire companies preferring visually appealing inscriptions like company name or logo. Many others show their cars' radio call signs (traditionally "Florian ##", cf. de:Funkrufname); over the years, various local efforts have been made to match both designations, aided by district administrations that reserved registered car like designations on principle.

## European Union
### Ambulances

CEN 1789, "Medical vehicles and their equipment - Road ambulances", reissued in 2007, recommends in its "informative" annex A "Recognition", that roofs of ambulance vehicles should bear the Red Cross/Crescent Emblems or the Star of Life.

## Canada

Aerial roof markings are used by Toronto Police Service (# of cruiser) and Toronto EMS (Toronto EMS with region and number) to provide identification from the air. In the Metro Vancouver, British Columbia area, the various police forces have their specific municipal code and vehicle number on the roof for airborne identification.