OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Achtermeer

The Achtermeer polder, south of Alkmaar in the Dutch province of North Holland, is the first known polder in the Netherlands.

## History

In 1532, Emperor Charles V granted the permit to drain the forty-hectare lake. The draining was completed in 1533.
In 1573 the polder was flooded again for a short period. Partly because of that, the Spaniards, who had their camp there, had to give up the Siege of Alkmaar. This was an early victory for the Dutch in the Eighty Years' War.
From 1709 the mill of the Achtermeer also kept the Overdie polder dry. Together with the Klappolder, which was added a few years later, the Water Board of the Overdie and Achtermeer polders took its definitive form. The Water Board was abolished in 1962. The area is now managed by the Hoogheemraadschap Hollands Noorderkwartier. This water board manages the original 352 water boards still existing in 1931.
After the Second World War, a residential area was built in the polder, so it is now entirely within the built-up area of Alkmaar. When planning this new neighbourhood, the subdivision and the polder ditches were the starting point for the street pattern. Parts of the ring canal have been preserved.
The mill burned down in 1912. From 1913 to 1988, the Alkmaar Diesel pumping station maintained the water level in the Overdie and Achtermeer polders. Since 1994, that pumping station has been a Provincial Monument; it still functions in times of exceptionally high water. (The black arrow in the recent map indicates the location of the pumping station.)
# Forever Friends (brand)

Forever Friends is a brand of Hallmark Cards, based on a Bear design. The Forever Friends bear can be found in 40 countries and in 15 languages. The bear was designed by artist Deborah Jones.

## History

In 1987, artist Deborah Jones drew the first Forever Friends bear in her sketchbook. She approached Bath, Somerset based greeting cards publishers Andrew Brownsword, who agreed to release the bear design as a greeting card. The pair worked in a flat above a Chinese takeaway in Reading, Berkshire in the early 1980s:
   I wanted to develop a teddy bear that appealed to adults as well as children. I based Forever Friends specifically on the teddy bear that Sebastian Flyte carried around in Brideshead Revisited. It became the bear found in the attic.
In 1989, the design was registered under the trademark Forever Friends.
In 1994 Andrew Brownsword Ltd was purchased by Hallmark Cards. Brownsword himself agreed to become the CEO of Hallmark Europe, while the new money allowed the whole of card design was updated to include a border.
In 1997 new sub-brand Between Friends was issued, focusing on children's cards. This was followed in 2000 by Blanc, a plain pencil on whitecard design focused on older people. This was also the last design set Deborah Jones worked on, as she retired from what was now Hallmark's Bath design studio.
In 2005, Forever Friends was relaunched with a water colour based look, textured paper on cards and a more modern font. By 2008, the range of cuddly toys had been supplemented by a range of digital downloads.
In 2011 the "Forever Friends Naturals" range was launched by Grace Cole Limited, taking the lovable bears as the face of a cute and cuddly range of natural skincare products for babies and children.
Jones also drew the Hoppy Street series, a rabbit that looked similar to Forever Friends bears.
The Forever Friends range included cards, postcards and stationery, plush bears, framed art, mugs and kitchenware, figurines and bed linen.
Some time around 2019-2020, production of Forever Friends plush bears ceased. Jones died in 2022.
# Constâncio Vaz Guimarães

Constâncio Vaz Guimarães (c. 1886 – c. 1968) was a Brazilian lawyer, tax attorney, athlete, and sports administrator. He is recognized for his contributions to the development of athletics and sports infrastructure in São Paulo, as well as his involvement in sports programs in Brazil. Vaz Guimarães was also a decathlete and represented the Club Athletico Paulistano in São Paulo.

## Early life and career

Constâncio Vaz Guimarães was born around 1886 in São Paulo and held an early interest in sports. His athletic career included participation as a decathlete, and he later took on roles to support the growth of athletics.
In addition to his athletics, Vaz Guimarães worked as a lawyer and tax attorney. His legal background provided him with a platform to advocate for sports development, including the creation of sports clubs and facilities in São Paulo.

## Contributions to sports development

In 1934, Vaz Guimarães became the first president of the Federação Universitária Paulista de Esportes (FUPE), an organization he co-founded while a member of the XI de Agosto Academic Center at the University of São Paulo's Law School. His work helped formalize university-level sports in São Paulo, contributing to the professionalization and accessibility of athletics.
As a member of the São Paulo Athletics Federation, Vaz Guimarães worked to help advance the state’s athletic programs and infrastructure. He was also part of the Steering Committee at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games.

## Legacy and recognition

In recognition of his contributions, the São Paulo state government posthumously honored Vaz Guimarães in 1968 by naming the Constâncio Vaz Guimarães Sports Complex after him. Established through Decree No. 50,310, the complex includes notable facilities such as the Ibirapuera Gymnasium, which has hosted numerous national and international events. The complex serves as a multi-sport facility and remains an important site for Brazilian athletics.
In 2024, the entire Ibirapuera Sports Complex was officially designated as a heritage site by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). This designation aimed to preserve its architectural and historical significance while ensuring its continued use for cultural and sporting events.

## Impact

Constâncio Vaz Guimarães is remembered as a key figure in developing sports programs and infrastructure in Brazil which have had a lasting impact. The facilities and organizations he helped establish continue to serve athletes and the broader community.
# Kurt von Fritz

Karl Albert Kurt von Fritz (25 August 1900 in Metz – 16 July 1985 in Feldafing) was a German classical philologist.
Appointed to an extraordinary professorship for Greek at the University of Rostock in 1933, he was one of only two German professors (the other one being Karl Barth) to refuse to swear the oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler in 1934, and was therefore dismissed. He then held posts at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Reed College, and Columbia University.
In 1954 von Fritz returned to Germany, initially to the Free University of Berlin. From 1958 until his retirement in 1968 he taught at the University of Munich.
Kurt von Fritz was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences from 1959, a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 1962 and a corresponding fellow of the British Academy from 1973.
Von Fritz gave the Howison Lectures in Philosophy in 1957. In 1981 he received the Sigmund Freud Prize for Academic Prose from the German Academy for Language and Literature.
# Consanguine marriage
## Prevalence and stigma

Globally, 8.5% of children have consanguineous parents, and 20% of the human population live in communities practicing endogamy. Theories on the developments of consanguineous marriage as a taboo can be supported as being both a social and a biological development.

### Social factors

From a social perspective, the observed inclination to practice consanguinity has been due to advantages to social and financial status. Upholding familial structure and assets, and ease of marital arrangements are valued among consanguineous marriages. Low age and a lack of awareness of the consequences of inbreeding are common in consanguineous marriages.
Consanguineous marriage is present in every religion, and cannot be accredited to any one religious mandate. Consanguinity is practiced regardless of religious influences and is a result of cultural, historical, regional, and socio-economic factors. A greater number of consanguineous marriages are observed in rural areas compared to urban areas within the same region. This is attributed to the tendency of individuals in rural areas to marry at younger ages, have a lower socio-economic status, and lesser education than those who live in urban areas. Parent's grade of job has also been credited as a factor.
In cases of incest involving a child and adult, legislation usually considers it to be a form of child sexual abuse.

## Epidemiological features

Multiple studies have established consanguinity as a high cause for birth defects and abnormalities. A risk of autosomal recessive disorders increases in offspring coming from consanguineous marriages due to the increased likelihood of receiving recessive genes from cognate parents. According to population based case-control studies, a higher risk of stillbirth is associated with consanguineous marriages.
Inbreeding is associated with decreased cognitive abilities in children.
Younger ages of marriage are commonly seen in consanguineous marriages, which may account for the increase in fertility seen in these unions. Chances of postnatal mortality are higher in offspring. The first year holds the highest chance of death due to the risk of autosomal recessive genes. This is also the cause of health complications as children born from consanguinity enter adulthood.
# Arden Buck equation

The Arden Buck equations are a group of empirical correlations that relate the saturation vapor pressure to temperature for moist air. The curve fits have been optimized for more accuracy than the Goff–Gratch equation in the range −80 to 50 °C (−112 to 122 °F).
A set of several equations were developed, each of which is applicable in a different situation.

## Formula

The equations suggested by Buck (1996) (which are modifications of the equations in Buck (1981)) are:
    $P_{\mathrm {s} }\left(T\right)=6.1121\exp \left(\left(18.678-{\frac {T}{234.5}}\right)\left({\frac {T}{257.14+T}}\right)\right)$, over liquid water, T > 0 °C
    $P_{\mathrm {s} }\left(T\right)=6.1115\exp \left(\left(23.036-{\frac {T}{333.7}}\right)\left({\frac {T}{279.82+T}}\right)\right)$, over ice, T < 0 °C
where:
* P$_s$(T) is the saturation vapor pressure in kPa
* exp(x) is the exponential function
* T is the air temperature in degrees Celsius
Buck (1981) also lists enhancement factors for a temperature range of −80 to 50 °C (−112 to 122 °F) at pressures of 1,000 mb, 500 mb, and 250 mb. These coefficients are listed in the table below.
Enhancement factor (EF) :
| °C | 1,000 mb | 500 mb | 250 mb |
| -80 | | 1.00410 | 1.00200 |
| -70 | | 1.00360 | 1.00180 |
| -60 | 1.00640 | 1.00320 | 1.00160 |
| -50 | 1.00580 | 1.00290 | 1.00140 |
| -40 | 1.00520 | 1.00260 | 1.00130 |
| -30 | 1.00470 | 1.00240 | 1.00120 |
| -20 | 1.00440 | 1.00220 | 1.00120 |
| -10 | 1.00410 | 1.00220 | 1.00120 |
| 0 | 1.00395 | 1.00219 | 1.00132 |
| 10 | 1.00388 | 1.00229 | |
| 20 | 1.00400 | 1.00251 | |
| 30 | 1.00426 | 1.00284 | |
| 40 | 1.00467 | 1.00323 | |
| 50 | 1.00519 | | |
# Nick Ovett

Nick Ovett (born 4 January 1967) is a British luger. He competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics. His brother, Steve, won a gold and bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics. His nephew is professional racing cyclist Freddy Ovett.
# AEW Collision debut episode

{{Infobox wrestling event |name = AEW Collision debut episode |image =AEW Collision debut episode poster.jpg |caption = Promotional poster featuring several AEW wrestlers |promotion = All Elite Wrestling |brand = AEW Collision |date = June 17, 2023 |venue = United Center |city = Chicago, Illinois |event = Collision special episodes |lastevent2 = First |nextevent2 = Fight for the Fallen |attendance= 10,200
The AEW Collision debut episode was the pilot episode for the American television program AEW Collision, produced by the professional wrestling promotion of All Elite Wrestling. The show took place at the United Center in Chicago and was broadcast live on TNT on June 17, 2023.
Five matches were contested as a part of the episode; in the opening bout, Luchasaurus defeated the reigning champion Wardlow for the AEW TNT Championship. Also, in the main event, CM Punk and FTR defeated Samoa Joe, Jay White and Juice Robinson in a Trios match.

## Background

Collision's debut episode marked the return of CM Punk to active competition in AEW after a nine-month suspension, following a legitimate fight with The Young Bucks and Kenny Omega after All Out's post media scrum, vacating the AEW World Championship he had won earlier that day against Jon Moxley.

## Storylines

Other on-screen personnel :
| Role: | Name: |
| Commentator | Kevin Kelly |
| Commentator | Jim Ross (main event) |
| Commentator | Nigel McGuinness |
| Interviewer | Lexy Nair |
| Ring announcer | Dasha Gonzalez |
| Referee | Rick Knox |
| Referee | Bryce Remsburg |
| Referee | Aubrey Edwards |
| Referee | Paul Turner |
The event included matches that resulted from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Results were predetermined by AEW's writers.

## Event

The event took place at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois.

## Reception

The episode received an average viewership of 816,000 viewers, and a 0.33 rating in the 18–49 demographic. It sold an estimated 9,280 tickets.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| 1 | Luchasaurus (with Christian Cage) defeated Wardlow (c) | Singles match for the AEW TNT Championship | 10:43 |
| 2 | Andrade El Idolo defeated Buddy Matthews (with Julia Hart) | Singles match | 13:03 |
| 3 | Miro defeated Tony Nese (with Mark Sterling) | Singles match | 3:20 |
| 4 | Skye Blue and Willow Nightingale defeated The Outcasts (Toni Storm and Ruby Soho) | Tag team match | 8:04 |
| 5 | CM Punk and FTR (Dax Harwood and Cash Wheeler) defeated Samoa Joe, Jay White and Juice Robinson | Trios match | 25:12 |
| (c) – the champion(s) heading into the match ||||
# Penny sit-up

The penny sit-up was one of the first homeless shelters in central London created for the people of Blackfriars. It was established during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The shelter was operated by The Salvation Army to provide support to its destitute clients. What made this shelter unique was that in exchange for a penny, clients would be allowed to sit on a bench in a reasonably warm room all night. They were not allowed to lie down and sleep on the bench. A penny sit-up was the cheapest homeless shelter at that time. There were more expensive shelters available in London, such as a "four penny coffin", where the clients were provided with a coffin-sized box so that they can sleep lying-down, and a "two-penny hangover", in which clients were allowed to sleep on a bench in an upright position, with a rope to stop them falling over when as they slept.
By today's standards, the penny sit-up would be considered inadequate and callous. However, at the time it was considered a well-meaning, inexpensive, and compassionate attempt to deal with the recent explosion in homelessness caused by the rapid urbanisation of 19th century England. The Salvation Army believed these shelters provided relief from the harsh London winters and provided new followers of Christianity. Others, such as Professor Howard Sercombe of the University of Strathclyde, have argued that such institutions were more likely to have been designed to control the homeless, or at the very best were a compassionate response to the harsh "moving on" laws of the time, which made it illegal for people to remain vagrant upon the streets.
# FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2025 – Men's ski slopestyle

The Men's ski slopestyle competition at the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2025 will be held on 19 and 22 March 2025.

## Qualification
### Heat 1

| Bib | Start order | Name | Country |
| 12 | 1 | Sebastian Schjerve | Norway |
| 16 | 2 | Henry Sildaru | Estonia |
| 4 | 3 | Andri Ragettli | Switzerland |
| 1 | 4 | Mac Forehand | United States |
| 21 | 5 | Noah Porter MacLennan | Canada |
| 9 | 6 | Konnor Ralph | United States |
| 5 | 7 | Luca Harrington | New Zealand |
| 13 | 8 | Hunter Henderson | United States |
| 8 | 9 | Tormod Frostad | Norway |
| 18 | 10 | Miro Tabanelli | Italy |
| 37 | 11 | Simo Peltola | Finland |
| 25 | 12 | Javier Lliso | Spain |
| 38 | 13 | Elias Lajunen | Finland |
| 29 | 14 | Thibault Magnin | Spain |
| 26 | 15 | Chris McCormick | Great Britain |
| 41 | 16 | Francisco Salas | Chile |
| 30 | 17 | Kuura Koivisto | Finland |
| 22 | 18 | Jérémy Gagné | Canada |
| 34 | 19 | Julius Forer | Austria |
| 33 | 20 | Lucas Ball | New Zealand |
| 50 | 21 | Orest Kovalenko | Ukraine |
| 42 | 22 | Lin Hao | China |
| 46 | 23 | Rene Monteleone | Italy |
| 51 | 24 | Victor Knutsen | Sweden |
| 54 | 25 | Joey Elliss | Australia |
| 47 | 26 | Luka Kuharić | Croatia |

### Heat 2

| Bib | Start order | Name | Country |
| 14 | 1 | Fabian Bösch | Switzerland |
| 20 | 2 | Colin Wili | Switzerland |
| 11 | 3 | Ben Barclay | New Zealand |
| 6 | 4 | Evan McEachran | Canada |
| 7 | 5 | Max Moffatt | Canada |
| 19 | 6 | Kim Gubser | Switzerland |
| 3 | 7 | Birk Ruud | Norway |
| 2 | 8 | Alex Hall | United States |
| 15 | 9 | Troy Podmilsak | United States |
| 10 | 10 | Lukas Müllauer | Austria |
| 24 | 11 | Leo Landrø | Norway |
| 39 | 12 | Matias Roche | France |
| 40 | 13 | Fergus McArthur | New Zealand |
| 28 | 14 | Axel Burmansson | Sweden |
| 31 | 15 | James Pouch | Great Britain |
| 36 | 16 | Thomas Greenway | Great Britain |
| 27 | 17 | Elias Syrjä | Finland |
| 35 | 18 | Timothé Sivignon | France |
| 32 | 19 | Noah Viande | France |
| 23 | 20 | Ulrik Samnøy | Norway |
| 48 | 21 | Cristobal Colombo | Argentina |
| 45 | 22 | Andreas Herranz | France |
| 52 | 23 | Vincent Veile | Germany |
| 49 | 24 | Petr Müller | Czech Republic |
| 43 | 25 | Martin Nordqvist | Sweden |
| 53 | 26 | Štěpán Hudeček | Czech Republic |

## Final

| Rank | Bib | Start order | Name | Country | Run 1 | Run 2 | Best |
# 1994–95 Svenska Cupen

The 1994–95 Svenska Cupen was the 40th season of the main Swedish football Cup. The competition was concluded on 25 May 1995, with the final held in Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg. Halmstads BK won 3–1 against AIK before an attendance of 4,889 spectators.

## Preliminary round 1

For results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Preliminary round 2

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Islingby IK (D4) | 5–1 | Korsnäs IF FK (D3) | |
For other results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## First round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Högs SK (D4) | 1–3 | Islingby IK (D4) | |
For other results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Second round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Islingby IK (D4) | 2–0 | IFK Mora FK (D3) | |
For other results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Third round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Islingby IK (D4) | 1–0 | Stockviks FF (D3) | 123 |
For other results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Fourth round

| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Islingby IK (D4) | 2–5 | IK Brage (D1) | 512 |
For other results see SFS-Bolletinen - Matcher i Svenska Cupen.

## Fifth round

The 8 matches in this round were played between 21 September 1994 and 2 April 1995.
| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Motala AIF (D2) | 2–4 | Djurgårdens IF (D1) | 1,000 |
| 2 | Örgryte IS (D1) | 2–3 (gg) | AIK (A) | 468 |
| 3 | Västerås SK (D1) | 4–0 | Landskrona BoIS (A) | 453 |
| 4 | Helsingborgs IF (A) | 3–1 | BK Häcken (A) | 4,288 |
| 5 | Gefle IF (D1) | 1–3 | IK Brage (D1) | 317 |
| 6 | Assyriska Föreningen (D2) | 2–1 (gg) | Västra Frölunda IF (A) | 500 |
| 7 | IFK Göteborg (A) | 3–0 | Östers IF (A) | 1,402 |
| 8 | Halmstads BK (A) | 2–1 | Malmö FF (A) | 1,259 |

## Quarter-finals

The 4 matches in this round were played between 6 April and 13 April 1995.
| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | Helsingborgs IF (A) | 4–0 | IK Brage (D1) | 3,111 |
| 2 | Västerås SK (D1) | 1–3 | IFK Göteborg (A) | 4,746 |
| 3 | Halmstads BK (A) | 3–1 | Assyriska Föreningen (D2) | 533 |
| 4 | AIK (A) | 1–0 | Djurgårdens IF (D1) | 5,354 |

## Semi-finals

The semi-finals in this round were played on 4 May 1995.
| Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance |
| 1 | AIK (A) | 1–0 | IFK Göteborg (A) | 5,751 |
| 2 | Helsingborgs IF (A) | 0–2 | Halmstads BK (A) | 7,106 |

## Final

The final was played on 25 May 1995 in Gothenburg.
| Tie no | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 | Attendance |
| 1 | Halmstads BK (A) | 3–1 | AIK (A) | 4,889 |

## Footnotes

* 1 2 "Svensk Fotboll - Historia - Svenska Cupens finaler 1941 - Svenskfotboll.se". Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
# DS

DS may refer to:

## Arts and entertainment
### Video games

* Nintendo DS, handheld game console
* Deca Sports, a sports video game series
** Deca Sports (video game), the first game of the series
* Double Spoiler, a game in the Touhou Project series
* Dark Souls, a series of action role-playing games
** Dark Souls (video game), the first game in the series
* Death Stranding, an action game
* Don't Starve, a survival game

### Music

* "D.S." (song), a 1995 song by Michael Jackson
* Dal segno (D.S.), a navigation marker in music notation

## Organisations

* Committee for State Security (Bulgaria), a former Bulgarian secret service
* Democratici di Sinistra (Democrats of the Left), a former Italian political party
* Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka), a political party in Serbia
* Bureau of Diplomatic Security, in the US Department of State
* DeepStateMap.Live, an Ukrainian digital mapping service
* DeepSeek, a Chinese artificial intelligence company

## Science and technology

* Dwarf spiral galaxy (dS)
* Darmstadtium (symbol Ds), a chemical element
* Data science
* Degree of substitution, relative density of substituent groups in a polymer
* Dielectric spectroscopy, measuring dielectric properties of medium
* Directional symmetry (time series)
* Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik, a class of Soviet satellites

### Computing

* DS register, of X86 processor
* Avid DS, defunct editing and effects software
* Delegation Signer, DNSSEC record type
* DirectShow, Microsoft API
* Nintendo DS

### Mathematics

* ds (elliptic function), one of Jacobi's elliptic functions
* De Sitter space (dS)

### Medicine

* Down syndrome, a genetic disorder
* Duodenal switch, a weight-loss surgery

## Transportation

* DS Automobiles, a French car marque
* Citroën DS Inside (2009), a concept car
* Citroën DS (1955-1975), a car model
* EasyJet Switzerland (IATA code: DS), an airline

## Weapons

* 7.92 DS, a Polish-designed anti-tank ammunition type
* DS-39, Degtyaryova Stankovyi Model 1939, a Russian medium machine gun

## Other uses

* Detective Sergeant, UK police rank
* Detective Superintendent, UK and Australian police rank
* Diodorus Siculus (D.S. or DS), a first-century BCE Greek historian
* Dominance and submission (D/s), a set of behaviors
* Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum ("Denzinger-Schönmetzer", DS), a book of Catholic dogma
* Different subject (DS), in switch-reference
# Johan Carbonero

Johan Stiven Carbonero Balanta (born July 20, 1999) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a left winger and forward. He currently plays for Internacional.

## Honours

Racing Club
* Trofeo de Campeones de la Liga Profesional: 2022
* Copa Sudamericana: 2024