OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rhinichthys

Rhinichthys, known as the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the shiners, daces and minnows. The type species is Rhinichthys atratulus, the blacknose dace. Rhinichthys species range throughout North America.
One of species in this genus, the loach minnow, is considered Vulnerable. It also includes the extinct Las Vegas dace, which was only first described in 1984 and had been declared extinct by 1986. The cheat minnow (Pararhinichthys bowersi), a natural hybrid of the longnose dace (R. cataractae) and the river chub (Nocomis micropogon), was formerly placed in this genus, but is now considered by some authorities to be valid under Pararhinichthys, although this is regarded as a synonyms of Rhinichthys by Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.
The riffle daces are a basal lineage in an insufficiently resolved clade of American Leuciscidae. Such a group had been proposed on anatomical evidence, and was verified using mtDNA 12S rRNA sequences.

## Species

These are the currently valid species included in this genus:
* Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann, 1804) (Eastern blacknose dace)
* Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes, 1842) (Longnose dace)
* Rhinichthys cobitis (Girard, 1856) (Loach minnow)
* †Rhinichthys deaconi R. R. Miller, 1984 (Las Vegas dace)
* Rhinichthys evermanni Snyder, 1908 (Umpqua dace)
* Rhinichthys falcatus (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1893) (Leopard dace)
* Rhinichthys gabrielino Moyle, Buckmaster & Su, 2023 (Santa Ana speckled dace)
* Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek, 1898) (Western speckled dace)
* Rhinichthys obtusus Agassiz, 1854 (Western blacknose dace)
* Rhinichthys osculus (Girard, 1856) (Speckled dace)
* Rhinichthys umatilla (C. H. Gilbert & Evermann, 1894) (Umatilla dace)
# Victor Dimukeje

{{Infobox NFL biography | name = Victor Dimukeje | current_team = | number = 52 | position = Linebacker | birth_date = (1999-11-18) November 18, 1999 (age 25) | birth_place = Lagos, Nigeria | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 2 | weight_lb = 262 | highlights =
| high_school = Boys' Latin School (Baltimore, Maryland) | college = Duke (2017–2020) | draftyear = 2021 | draftround = 6 | draftpick = 210 | pastteams =
* Arizona Cardinals (2021–2025)
* New York Giants ([[2025-prestent)
]] Victor Dimukeje (born November 18, 1999) is a Nigerian professional American football linebacker who is a free agent of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Duke, and was drafted by the Cardinals in the sixth round of the 2021 NFL draft.

## Early life

Dimukeje was born in Lagos, Nigeria and moved to Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 8.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 1+1⁄2 in (1.87 m) | 262 lb (119 kg) | 33+1⁄8 in (0.84 m) | 9+1⁄2 in (0.24 m) | 4.83 s | 1.72 s | 2.88 s | 4.38 s | 7.20 s | 34.5 in (0.88 m) | 9 ft 7 in (2.92 m) | 28 reps |
| All values from Pro Day ||||||||||||
Dimukeje was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth round (210th overall) of the 2021 NFL draft. He signed his four-year rookie contract with Arizona on May 25, 2021. He primarily played on special teams as a rookie. Dimukeje signed with the New York Giants as a free agent in March 2025.
# List of international law journals

This list presents notable law reviews concerned with international law and related fields.
* American Journal of International Law
* Indian Journal of Law and International Affairs
* Asian Journal of International Law
* Berkeley Journal of International Law
* Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
* Chicago Journal of International Law
* Chinese Journal of International Law
* Columbia Journal of Transnational Law
* Cornell International Law Journal
* European Journal of International Law
* European Transport Law
* Florida Journal of International Law
* Fordham International Law Journal
* The George Washington International Law Review
* Georgetown Journal of International Law
* German Law Journal
* German Yearbook of International Law
* Goettingen Journal of International Law
* Harvard International Law Journal
* Hastings International and Comparative Law Review
* Houston Journal of International Law
* International Association of Labour Law Journals
* The International Lawyer
* Journal on European History of Law
* Melbourne Journal of International Law
* Minnesota Journal of International Law
* San Diego International Law Journal
* Stanford Journal of International Law
* Temple International and Comparative Law Journal
* Texas International Law Journal
* Trade, Law and Development
* Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems
* Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law
* University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law
* Utrecht Journal of International and European Law
* Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
* Virginia Journal of International Law
* Washington International Law Journal
* Washington University Global Studies Law Review
* The Yale Journal of International Law
# Otog Front Banner

Otog Front Banner (Mongolian: ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 鄂托克前旗) is a banner of southwestern Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Ningxia to the southwest and Shaanxi province to the southeast. It is under the administration of Ordos City.

## Administrative divisions

Otog Front Banner is made up of 4 towns.
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Administrative division code |
| Towns ||||||
| Oljoq Town | 敖勒召其镇 | Áolèzhàoqí Zhèn | ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Олзч балгас | 150623100 |
| Shanghaimiao Town | 上海庙镇 | Shànghǎimiào Zhèn | ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Шанхайн сүм балгас | 150623101 |
| Chengchuan Town | 城川镇 | Chéngchuān Zhèn | ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Борбалгас балгас | 150623102 |
| Nangsu Town | 昂素镇 | Ángsù Zhèn | ᠨᠠᠩᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Нанс балгас | 150623103 |
* Other: Shanghaimiao Economic Development Zone (上海庙经济开发区)

## Climate

Climate data for Otog Front Banner, elevation 1,333 m (4,373 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 19.2 (66.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 34.1 (93.4) | 34.9 (94.8) | 37.1 (98.8) | 37.7 (99.9) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.1 (95.2) | 28.5 (83.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 16.9 (62.4) | 37.7 (99.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.2 (31.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 23.9 (75.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 29.9 (85.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 8.6 (47.5) | 1.3 (34.3) | 16.1 (60.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.0 (15.8) | −4.3 (24.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 21.5 (70.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.6 (60.1) | 8.4 (47.1) | 0.2 (32.4) | −7.2 (19.0) | 8.4 (47.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.1 (3.0) | −11.6 (11.1) | −4.2 (24.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.2 (48.6) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 15.1 (59.2) | 9.3 (48.7) | 1.8 (35.2) | −6.2 (20.8) | −14.0 (6.8) | 1.4 (34.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) | −30.3 (−22.5) | −22.3 (−8.1) | −10.7 (12.7) | −5.7 (21.7) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 5.7 (42.3) | −3.5 (25.7) | −15.9 (3.4) | −23.4 (−10.1) | −30.2 (−22.4) | −31.4 (−24.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.3 (0.09) | 3.3 (0.13) | 6.6 (0.26) | 12.1 (0.48) | 26.3 (1.04) | 31.0 (1.22) | 54.3 (2.14) | 62.2 (2.45) | 42.0 (1.65) | 14.2 (0.56) | 8.1 (0.32) | 1.5 (0.06) | 263.9 (10.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 60.4 |
| Average snowy days | 4.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 16.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 46 | 39 | 35 | 38 | 44 | 56 | 62 | 63 | 56 | 53 | 52 | 50 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 216.2 | 213.6 | 247.0 | 267.6 | 298.1 | 297.4 | 292.3 | 266.4 | 231.7 | 243.4 | 222.2 | 214.0 | 3,009.9 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 71 | 70 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 64 | 63 | 71 | 74 | 73 | 68 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Bridger Aerospace

Bridger Aerospace is an American aerospace company which provides aerial firefighting and wildfire management services. The company has supported firefighting efforts in 24 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.
In January 2023, Bridger went public via SPAC merger with a valuation of $869 million. The company has not been profitable since going public.

## History

The company was founded in 2014 by Tim Sheehy, a former Navy SEAL who utilized airborne surveillance during his service. Initially, Sheehy operated one plane to assist ranchers with tracking their cattle from the air. He shifted the company's focus to aerial firefighting during the 2015 wildfire season.
In 2018, Bridger was one of four companies awarded a contract with the United States Department of the Interior to use drones in emergency situations, including during wildfires. It became the first private company to legally use drones for wildfire fighting during the Martin Fire in Nevada, mapping 435,000 acres of burned land in 11 flight runs.
By August 2019 the company had grown to a fleet of 20 aircraft and a staff of 100.
In March 2020, Bridger Aerospace offered its fleet to healthcare workers for moving supplies and patients as a response to the global COVID-19 pandemic. The company also manufactured face shields that it donated to frontline workers and used its fleet to deliver other personal protection equipment to medical personnel throughout Montana.
Bridger was the launch customer for the De Havilland CL-415EAF Firefighting Aircraft.
In 2024, Tim Sheehy resigned as CEO to focus on his candidacy in the U.S. Senate election in Montana, which he later won. On Monday, March 17th, Sam Davis was appointed CEO by the Board of Directors. Prior to his appointment, Davis had served as Interim CEO following Sheehy's resignation in July 2024.

## Operations

The company is headquartered in Belgrade, Montana and provides aerial firefighting services to government agencies, including the United States Forest Service, across the U.S. Its planes are used for fire suppression and it uses unmanned aerial vehicles to map and provide surveillance of fires. The drones provide fire crews with information including infrared imagery of active fires, and support communication with and tracking of firefighters on the ground.

## Fleet

As of 2021, the company's fleet includes over 20 aircraft, including:
# Ghetto Love (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Muzik | |
| NME | |
| Q | |
| Robert Christgau | |
| Rolling Stone | |
| Uncut | |
| Vibe | (favorable) |
Ghetto Love is the debut studio album by American R&B singer Jaheim. It was released in 2001 and features the hit singles "Could It Be", and "Just in Case". It debuted at number 9 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 80,000 copies and ended up being certified platinum by the RIAA selling a million copies in the United States.
Although this album contains explicit lyrics, this album never had a Parental Advisory label. However, it is marked as such in digital distribution and streaming platforms.

## Track listing

* "Intro" – 1:06
* "Du & Jah" – 0:45
* "Looking for Love" – 3:53
* "Answering Machine (Interlude)" – 0:21
* "Let It Go" (featuring Castro) – 2:46
* "Could It Be" – 3:44
* "Ghetto Love" – 4:22
* "Happiness" – 3:15
* "Jah's Seed (Interlude)" – 1:10
* "Lil' Nigga Ain't Mine" (featuring Castro, Duganz & Precise) – 3:50
* "Finders Keepers" (featuring Lil' Mo) – 3:18
* "Just in Case" – 4:23
* "Heaven in My Eyes – 3:50
* "Anything" (featuring Next) – 4:47
* "Waitin' on You" (featuring Miss Jones) – 4:22
* "Remarkable" (featuring Terry Dexter) – 4:50
* "Ready, Willing & Able" – 4:57
* "Love Is Still Here" – 1:30
* "Forever" – 4:04
* "For Moms" – 1:53
* "Could It Be (Anything You Want Remix)" – 3:05

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000$^^$ |
| $^^$ Shipments figures based on certification alone. |||
# Bispebjerg railway station

Bispebjerg station is an S-train station on the Ring Line in Copenhagen, Denmark. Located on the boundary between the districts of Nørrebro and Bispebjerg, it serves parts of each, as well as the nearby Bispebjerg Hospital. It was opened in 1996 as a new station where the major street Tagensvej crosses the railway line.
# Nazir Ahmed Khan

Nazir Ahmed Khan (1904 – 26 August 1983) (Urdu: نذیر احمد خان) was one of the founding fathers of Pakistan film industry. He was a versatile filmmaker, actor, director and producer.

## Personal life

Nazir was born in 1904 in a Kakazai Pathan family in Lahore, Punjab, British India. He had at least three wives over the years. He was first married to his cousin Sikandara Begum (who was the sister of K. Asif, the legendary director of 1960 film Mughal-e-Azam). He later had a very short marriage with Sitara Devi, the legendary Kathak dancer. After their divorce, Sitara Devi married none other than Nazir's cousin K. Asif himself. In other words, she married first the husband and then the brother of Sikandara Begum. Nazir's last wife was film actress Swaran Lata.}}
Nazir was the father of several children. He gave one of his daughters in marriage to actor Nasir Khan, (brother of Dilip Kumar).

## Awards and recognition

* Nigar Award 'Special Nigar Award for 30 years of excellence' in Pakistani film industry in 1982.

## Career

In 1929, Nazir left the city of Lahore to go to Calcutta to achieve his dream of making movies. His first film role, as an actor, came from another Lahori friend, veteran film producer/director A. R. Kardar in the 'Silent-era' film Sarfarosh (Brave Heart) in 1929. Then he acted in several films including the notable Baghban (1938 film) which was a success at the box-office as well. Nazir then started producing and directing films under the banner of "Hind Pictures' and also established a film studio in Bombay.
In 1947, Nazir decided to migrate to newly-independent Pakistan and settled in Lahore. After making some mediocre films with meager resources, he made the first silver jubilee film of Pakistani cinema in Punjabi language, Pheray (1949 film).
During his career spanning 55 years, Nazir had done more than 200 films.

## Death

Nazir Ahmed Khan died on 26 August 1983.

## Filmography

* Sawaal (1966)
* Azmat-e-Islam (1965)
* Haveli (1964)
* Billo Jee (1962)
* Shama (1959)
* Noor-e-Islam (1957)
* Sabira (1956)
* Soteeli Maa (1956)
* Wehshi (1956)
* Hameeda (1956)
* Nagin (1955)
* Naukar (1955)
* Heer (1955)
* Shehri Babu (1953)
* Khatoon (1952)
* Bheegi Palkain (1950)
* Anokhi Dastan (1950)
* Humari Basti (1950)
* Ghalat Fahmi (1950)
* Laraay (1949)
* Pheray (1949)
* Sachchai(1947)
* Heer (1946)
* Wamaq Azra (1946)
* Gaon Ki Gori (1945)
* Laila Majnu (1945)
* Naatak (1944)
* Aabroo (1943)
* Ghar Sansar (1942)
* Maa Baap (1941)
* Swami (1941)
* Taj Mahal (1941)
* Apni Nagariya (1939)
* Joshe Islam (1938)
* Baghban (1938)
* Bhabi (1938)
* Sitara Tanzi (1937)
* Dukhiyari (1936)
* Pratima (1935)
* Delhi Ka Thug (1934)
* Iraq Ka Chor (1934)
* Chandragupta (1934)
* Sultana (1934)
* Night Bird (1933)
* Abe Hayat (1933)
* Lal-e-Yaman (1933)
* Zarina (1932)
* Farebi Daku (1931)
* Sarfarosh or (Brave Heart) (1929) (A Silent-era film) (Producer: A. R. Kardar)
# List of airlines of Estonia

This is a list of airlines currently operating in Estonia.

## Charter airlines

| Airline | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations |
| Diamond Sky | | | | 2013 |
| FLYEST | | AEG | AIREST CARGO | 2015 |
| Fort Aero | | FRX | FORT AERO | 2013 |
| Marabu | DI | MBU | MARABU | 2023 |
| NyxAir | OJ | NYX | NYX AIR | 2017 |
| Panaviatic | | VPC | SOLAR | 2009 |
| Skystream Airlines | OL | 3LD | | 2021 |
| Smartlynx Airlines Estonia | | MYX | TALLINN CAT | 2013 |

## Cargo airlines

| Airline | Image | IATA | ICAO | Callsign | Commenced operations |
| Airest | | | AEG | AIREST CARGO | 2001 |
# Nanchang County

Nanchang County (Chinese: 南昌县; pinyin: Nánchāng Xiàn) is a county of Jiangxi Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nanchang, the provincial capital.
The population in 1999 was 986,031.

## Administration

Nanchang County has 11 towns and 7 townships.

### Towns

| Liantang (莲塘镇) Xiangtang (向塘镇) Sanjiang (三江镇) Jiangxiang (蒋巷镇) Youlan (幽兰镇) Tangnan (塘南镇) | Gangshang (冈上镇) Wuyang (武阳镇) Guangfu (广福镇) Changdong (昌东镇) Maqiu (麻丘镇) |

### Townships

| Nanxin (南新乡) Tacheng (塔城乡) Jingkou (泾口乡) Bayi (八一乡) | Huangma (黄马乡) Fushan (富山乡) Dongxin (东新乡) |

## Climate

Climate data for Nanchang County, elevation 32 m (105 ft), (1991–2020 normals) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.6 (81.7) | 30.3 (86.5) | 34.3 (93.7) | 33.6 (92.5) | 29.7 (85.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 22.6 (72.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.4 (79.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.4 (68.7) | 14.1 (57.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 9.7 (49.5) | 15.2 (59.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 22.7 (72.9) | 17.4 (63.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 5.2 (41.4) | 15.6 (60.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 72.0 (2.83) | 97.6 (3.84) | 170.0 (6.69) | 199.6 (7.86) | 217.7 (8.57) | 318.1 (12.52) | 169.4 (6.67) | 121.1 (4.77) | 63.9 (2.52) | 48.0 (1.89) | 93.9 (3.70) | 56.1 (2.21) | 1,627.4 (64.07) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.1 | 13.2 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 143.1 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 77 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 80 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 70 | 74 | 71 | 75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 79.1 | 77.9 | 94.2 | 122.8 | 136.8 | 130.3 | 221.6 | 210.0 | 172.1 | 151.7 | 125.1 | 116.1 | 1,637.7 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 24 | 24 | 25 | 32 | 33 | 31 | 52 | 52 | 47 | 43 | 39 | 36 | 37 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# Business necessity

A business necessity is a legal term for a legitimate business purpose that justifies an employment decision as effective and needed to optimally achieve the organization's goals and ensure that operations run safely and efficiently. This is often presented as a defense of an employment decision that is questioned because it was found to cause disparate impact.

## United States law

In Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971), the United States Supreme Court held that an employment practice which is nondiscriminatory "on its face", but which has a "disparate impact" in its operation is unlawful under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, unless the employer is able to show that the practice is a "business necessity". The term "business necessity" does not actually appear in the 1964 Act, but the codification of the doctrine is stated to be one of the purposes of the Civil Rights Act of 1991:
   (2) to codify the concepts of "business necessity" and "job related" enunciated by the Supreme Court in Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971), and in the other Supreme Court decisions prior to Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio, 490 U.S. 642 (1989).
# Hexx: Heresy of the Wizard

Hexx: Heresy of the Wizard is a 1994 video game published by Psygnosis.

## Gameplay

Hexx: Heresy of the Wizard is a 3-D first person perspective dungeon crawl in which players can use a mouse to control the character. The player controls a party of four pregenerated characters which can all use magic. There are shops located in the dungeon for buying and selling equipment.

## Plot

Hexx: Heresy of the Wizard is a game in which an evil wizard called The Nameless One has taken the power of the four Gods of Magic and put their power into four talismans that the characters must find before confronting the wizard. The adventurers need to locate the talismans to combined them and release the gods to stop the wizard.

## Reception

James V. Trunzo reviewed Hexx: Heresy of the Wizard in White Wolf Inphobia #51 (Jan., 1995), rating it a 3 out of 5 and stated that "Hexx has some fun ideas, especially in its use of characters and magic system. The game is enjoyable, but from a technology standpoint, it lags behind the pack."
Scorpia for Computer Gaming World described it as "no more than the usual dungeon crawl, with some nice features and some annoying ones" and "fairly mediocre, and a little boring, in fact".
Barry Brenesal for Electronic Entertainment called it "a solid, up-to-date hack-and-slash game that's tough to master but fun to play".

## Reviews

* PC Joker (1994-03)
* Pelit (1994-05)
* Power Play (1994-04)
* Computer Game Review
* Score
# Brian Francis (artist)

Brian Francis Fanning (1933–2005), who signed his name Brian Francis, was a 20th-century Irish artist working in oils and distemper, primarily on landscapes.
He was born in Tralee, in County Kerry, but spent most summers in Birr, County Tipperary, where the family had connections to the Midland Tribune newspaper.
He saw his first fine art in magazines sent from England by relatives. He preserved many such pictures. He frequently cycled to Limerick to visit art exhibitions and his uncle, an art tutor at the Limerick School of Art.
As a teen he designed and made sets, masks and costumes for the local amateur drama group in Tralee. He planned and ran the lighting on performance nights. He was an active member of the Music Association in Tralee. He applied to the Central College of Art in London, and was accepted on the strength of his drawings. He had exceptional talent as a draughtsman and studied Fine Art painting and printmaking.
When he left for London, Rose, his wife-to-be, followed him. They were married in a Southwark church. After studying part-time the need to earn a living for his new family became too demanding and he was forced to give up his studies. The family returned to Ireland in 1973.
He continued to paint. He exhibited rarely but had private followers in Ireland and the UK. During this time he had paintings accepted to the prestigious RHA Summer Exhibitions in 1988 and 1993. He died just as he neared the completion of a set of works intended for a solo exhibition.

## Practice

He researched his paintings sitting in fields and graveyards with his sketchbook and watercolours, then finished the works on a painter's easel at home.
He worked primarily in oils and distemper (which was unusual for the times), but allowed him to achieve the palette that he needed. He worked mostly on board rather than canvas. He was influenced by the works of Morandi and the theories of colour psychology. He was interested in popular science and natural history and had an extensive library of these as well as art topics.

## Provenance

* Included in the 'Off the Wall' Exhibition (Morgan O'Driscoll) 2014 (Posthumously)
* Exhibited in the People's Art Exhibition, St Stephens Green, Dublin 2004
* Exhibited Royal Hibernian Academy in the 163rd Summer Exhibition 1993.
* Exhibited Royal Hibernian Academy in the 158th Summer Exhibition 1988
* Held in the public collection of the Department of Economics of University College Cork.
* Work held in private collections in Ireland and the UK
He was contemporary to William Crozier, Tony O'Malley, Charles Brady, Markey Robinson, Patrick Scott and Sean Scully.