# 2028 United States Senate elections

The 2028 United States Senate elections will be held on November 7, 2028, with 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the United States Congress from January 3, 2029, to January 3, 2035. Senators are divided into 3 groups or classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every 2 years. Class 3 senators were last elected in 2022, and will be up for election again in 2028. These elections will run concurrently with the 2028 United States presidential election.

## Partisan composition

All 34 Class 3 Senate seats are up for election in 2028; Class 3 currently consists of 19 Republicans and 15 Democrats. If vacancies occur in Class 1 or Class 2 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 120th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2028 Senate elections.

## Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic senator and "R#" is a Republican senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

### Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.
| D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ | D$_7$ | D$_8$ | D$_9$ | D$_{10}$ |
| D$_{20}$ Conn. Undeclared | D$_{19}$ Colo. Undeclared | D$_{18}$ Ariz. Undeclared | D$_{17}$ | D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ |
| D$_{21}$ Calif. Undeclared | D$_{22}$ Ga. Undeclared | D$_{23}$ Hawaii Undeclared | D$_{24}$ Ill. Undeclared | D$_{25}$ Md. Undeclared | D$_{26}$ Nev. Undeclared | D$_{27}$ N.H. Undeclared | D$_{28}$ N.Y. Undeclared | D$_{29}$ Ore. Undeclared | D$_{30}$ Pa. Undeclared |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | I$_2$ | I$_1$ | D$_{32}$ Wash. Undeclared | D$_{31}$ Vt. Undeclared |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 |
| TBD in 2026 |||||||||
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | R$_{31}$ S.C. Retiring |
| R$_{21}$ Kans. Undeclared | R$_{22}$ Ky. Undeclared | R$_{23}$ La. Undeclared | R$_{24}$ Mo. Undeclared | R$_{25}$ N.C. Undeclared | R$_{26}$ N.D. Undeclared | R$_{27}$ Okla. Undeclared | R$_{28}$ S.D. Undeclared | R$_{29}$ Utah Undeclared | R$_{30}$ Wisc. Undeclared |
| R$_{20}$ Iowa Undeclared | R$_{19}$ Ind. Undeclared | R$_{18}$ Idaho Undeclared | R$_{17}$ Ark. Undeclared | R$_{16}$ Alaska Undeclared | R$_{15}$ Ala. Undeclared | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ |
| R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ | R$_7$ | R$_8$ | R$_9$ | R$_{10}$ |

### After the elections

| D$_1$ | D$_2$ | D$_3$ | D$_4$ | D$_5$ | D$_6$ | D$_7$ | D$_8$ | D$_9$ | D$_{10}$ |
| TBD in 2026 | I$_2$ | I$_1$ | D$_{17}$ | D$_{16}$ | D$_{15}$ | D$_{14}$ | D$_{13}$ | D$_{12}$ | D$_{11}$ |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 |
| Ariz. TBD | Alaska TBD | Ala. TBD | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 |
| Ark. TBD | Calif. TBD | Colo. TBD | Conn. TBD | Ga. TBD | Hawaii TBD | Idaho TBD | Ill. TBD | Ind. TBD | Iowa TBD |
| Iowa TBD |||||||||
| Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | Majority TBD → | N.C. TBD |
| N.Y. TBD | N.H. TBD | Nev. TBD | Mo. TBD | Md. TBD | La. TBD | Ky. TBD | Kans. TBD | N.D. TBD | N.C. TBD |
| Okla. TBD | Ore. TBD | Pa. TBD | S.C. TBD | S.D. TBD | Utah TBD | Vt. TBD | Wash. TBD | Wisc. TBD | TBD in 2026 |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 |
| TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | TBD in 2026 | R$_{14}$ | R$_{13}$ | R$_{12}$ | R$_{11}$ |
| R$_1$ | R$_2$ | R$_3$ | R$_4$ | R$_5$ | R$_6$ | R$_7$ | R$_8$ | R$_9$ | R$_{10}$ |
| Key | D$_#$ Democratic R$_#$ Republican I$_#$ Independent, caucusing with Democrats |

## Retirements

One senator (a Republican) has announced his retirement.
| State | Senator | Ref |
| South Carolina | Tim Scott | |

## Race summary
### Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2029.
| State (linked to summaries below) | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | Results | Candidates |
| State (linked to summaries below) | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Last race | Results | Candidates |
| Alabama | Katie Britt | Republican | 2022 | 66.6% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Alaska | Lisa Murkowski | Republican | 2002 (appointed) 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 53.7% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Arizona | Mark Kelly | Democratic | 2020 (special) 2022 | 51.4% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Arkansas | John Boozman | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 65.7% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| California | Alex Padilla | Democratic | 2021 (appointed) 2022 (special) 2022 | 61.1% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Colorado | Michael Bennet | Democratic | 2009 (appointed) 2010 2016 2022 | 55.9% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Connecticut | Richard Blumenthal | Democratic | 2010 2016 2022 | 57.5% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Florida | TBD | TBD | 2026 (special) | TBD | Incumbent to be determined in 2026 | TBD |
| Georgia | Raphael Warnock | Democratic | 2021 (special) 2022 | 51.4% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Hawaii | Brian Schatz | Democratic | 2012 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022 | 71.2% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Idaho | Mike Crapo | Republican | 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 60.7% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Illinois | Tammy Duckworth | Democratic | 2016 2022 | 56.8% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Indiana | Todd Young | Republican | 2016 2022 | 58.6% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Iowa | Chuck Grassley | Republican | 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 56.0% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Kansas | Jerry Moran | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 60.0% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Kentucky | Rand Paul | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 61.8% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Louisiana | John Kennedy | Republican | 2016 2022 | 61.6% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Maryland | Chris Van Hollen | Democratic | 2016 2022 | 65.8% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Missouri | Eric Schmitt | Republican | 2022 | 55.4% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Nevada | Catherine Cortez Masto | Democratic | 2016 2022 | 48.8% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| New Hampshire | Maggie Hassan | Democratic | 2016 2022 | 53.5% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| New York | Chuck Schumer | Democratic | 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 56.8% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| North Carolina | Ted Budd | Republican | 2022 | 50.5% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| North Dakota | John Hoeven | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 56.4% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Ohio | TBD | TBD | 2026 (special) | TBD | Incumbent to be determined in 2026 | TBD |
| Oklahoma | James Lankford | Republican | 2014 (special) 2016 2022 | 64.3% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Oregon | Ron Wyden | Democratic | 1996 (special) 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 55.8% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Pennsylvania | John Fetterman | Democratic | 2022 | 51.2% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| South Carolina | Tim Scott | Republican | 2013 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022 | 62.9% R | Incumbent retiring | TBD |
| South Dakota | John Thune | Republican | 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 69.6% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Utah | Mike Lee | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 53.2% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Vermont | Peter Welch | Democratic | 2022 | 68.5% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Washington | Patty Murray | Democratic | 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022 | 57.1% D | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |
| Wisconsin | Ron Johnson | Republican | 2010 2016 2022 | 50.4% R | Incumbent's intent unknown | TBD |

## Alabama

One-term Republican Katie Britt was elected in 2022 with 66.6% of the vote.

## Alaska

Four-term Republican Lisa Murkowski was re-elected in 2022 with 53.7% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Arizona

One-term Democrat Mark Kelly was elected to a full term in 2022 with 51.4% of the vote after winning a special election in 2020 to complete the remainder of Republican John McCain's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Arkansas

Three-term Republican John Boozman was re-elected in 2022 with 65.7% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## California

One-term Democrat Alex Padilla was elected to a first full term in 2022 with 61.1% of the vote after being appointed in 2021 to complete the term of Kamala Harris, who resigned after being elected vice president.

## Colorado

Three-term Democrat Michael Bennet was re-elected in 2022 with 55.9% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election but is seriously considering a run for governor in 2026.

## Connecticut

Three-term Democrat Richard Blumenthal was re-elected in 2022 with 57.5% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Florida

Three-term Republican Marco Rubio was elected in 2022 with 57.68% of the vote. He resigned on January 20, 2025, following his confirmation as United States Secretary of State. Governor Ron DeSantis announced he would appoint Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody as an interim successor to serve until the vacancy is filled by a special election in 2026.

## Georgia

One-term Democrat Raphael Warnock was elected to a full term in a 2022 runoff with 51.4% of the vote, having first been elected in a special election in a 2021 runoff to complete the remainder of Republican Johnny Isakson's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Hawaii

Democratic incumbent Brian Schatz was re-elected in 2022 to a second full term with 71.2% of the vote.

## Idaho

Five-term Republican Mike Crapo was re-elected in 2022 with 60.7% of the vote.

## Illinois

Two-term Democrat Tammy Duckworth was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Indiana

Two-term Republican Todd Young was re-elected in 2022 with 58.6% of the vote.

## Iowa

Eight-term Republican Chuck Grassley was re-elected in 2022 with 56.0% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election. As the most senior member of the Senate, Grassley will be 95 years old at the time of the election.

## Kansas

Three-term Republican Jerry Moran was re-elected in 2022 with 60.0% of the vote.

## Kentucky

Three-term Republican Rand Paul was re-elected in 2022 with 61.8% of the vote. He is eligible to run for re-election but has not yet stated if he will do so.

## Louisiana

Two-term Republican John Kennedy was re-elected in 2022 with 61.6% of the vote in the first round of the "Louisiana primary".
The election to this seat will be the first under a new law which abolished the state's open primary system. Party primaries will be closed off to members of other parties, allowing voters not affiliated with a party to vote in one primary.

## Maryland

Two-term Democrat Chris Van Hollen was re-elected in 2022 with 65.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Missouri

One-term Republican Eric Schmitt was elected in 2022 with 55.4% of the vote.

## Nevada

Two-term Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto was re-elected in 2022 with 48.8% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## New Hampshire

Two-term Democrat Maggie Hassan was re-elected in 2022 with 53.5% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## New York

Five-term Democrat and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.
Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Dan Goldman have been seen as possible candidates for the Democratic primary. Ocasio-Cortez has seen private support from colleagues to challenge Schumer following his support of a Republican budget bill.

## North Carolina

One-term Republican Ted Budd was elected in 2022 with 50.5% of the vote.

## North Dakota

Three-term Republican John Hoeven was re-elected in 2022 with 56.4% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Ohio

One-term Republican JD Vance was elected in 2022 with 53% of the vote. However, he resigned on January 10, 2025, shortly before assuming the office of vice president under the current second Trump administration. Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted, and a special election will be held in 2026.
Names circulated on Vance replacements include 2024 Senate candidate and state senator Matt Dolan, and Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose.

## Oklahoma

Two-term Republican James Lankford was re-elected in 2022 with 64.3% of the vote. On January 29, 2024, the Oklahoma Republican Party censured Lankford for negotiating with Democrats on a potential border deal. In an interview the following month, former president Donald Trump stated that Lankford's actions are "very bad for his career" and did not rule out endorsing a primary challenger in 2028.

## Oregon

Five-term Democrat Ron Wyden was re-elected in 2022 with 55.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Pennsylvania

One-term Democrat John Fetterman was elected in 2022 with 51.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## South Carolina

Republican incumbent Tim Scott was re-elected in 2022 with 62.9% of the vote. Scott pledged that he would not run for office after his 2022 re-election.

## South Dakota

Four-term Republican and Senate Republican Leader John Thune was re-elected in 2022 with 69.6% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Utah

Three-term Republican Mike Lee was re-elected in 2022 with 53.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Vermont

One-term Democrat Peter Welch was elected in 2022 with 68.5% of the vote.

## Washington

Six-term Democrat Patty Murray was re-elected in 2022 with 57.1% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

## Wisconsin

Three-term Republican Ron Johnson was re-elected in 2022 with 50.4% of the vote.
Republican businessman Scott Mayer speculated on running for Johnson's seat after passing up running for Wisconsin's other Senate seat in 2024.