# Richard Heydarian

Richard Javad Foronda Heydarian is a Filipino political scientist, podcaster and media personality. As an academic and global columnist, he has penned numerous articles for various publications, including The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, and The Guardian, as well as authored or co-authored more than a dozen academic books. He is best known for his research and writings on Southeast Asia, Asian geopolitics, Philippine current affairs, and populism. He has also been regularly interviewed by Al Jazeera, BBC, Bloomberg, CNN International, CNBC, and DW. As a global affairs specialist, he has been interviewed by journalists such as Christiane Amanpour, Fareed Zakaria, and Maria Ressa.
Heydarian is also a columnist for the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the country's newspaper of record, and regularly writes for the Asia Times and the South China Morning Post. He is the host of The View from Manila on One News TV Channel, and also hosts multiple podcasts, including Deep Dive with Richard Heydarian, which is among the leading podcasts in the Philippines, as well as The Bridge, which focuses on Europe-ASEAN ties and is a project supported by the European Parliament. As a public thinker, he is also active on social media, including on his YouTube channel (Richard Heydarian Vlogs). He also hosts the "UTAK FORUM", which brings together top experts and policy-makers focusing on South China Sea and foreign policy issues. As a cultural figure, he has also been featured in lifestyle publications, including in Tatler Magazine's "Asia's Most Stylish" issue in 2022.

## Early life and career

Richard Heydarian has been operating at the interstices of academe, journalism, think tank circles, and activism. He has taught at the University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and De La Salle University, and has also served as resident analyst/host at ABS-CBN News Channel, GMA Network and One News/TV5. He has also presented lectures and talks at leading universities such as Harvard University, Stanford University, University of California Berkeley, Johns Hopkins University, Leiden University, and Australian National University.
He has also contributed to and given talks at leading think tanks such as the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), and Brookings Institution, and the Lowy Institute. He has been described as among the "most prolific and interviewed geopolitical analyst[s] currently writing and speaking not only in the Philippines but arguably in Southeast Asia as well" by the Stanford University. His articles and interviews have appeared on The Atlantic, BBC, Bloomberg, The Economist, The Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, The Guardian, The New York Times, Time, Nikkei Asian Review, South China Morning Post, The Straits Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Post.
Born in Baguio, Heydarian completed his Bachelor's degree in Political Science and Master's in International Studies at the University of the Philippines Diliman. Heydarian began his career in academia, teaching at Ateneo de Manila University and later at De La Salle University in the early 2010s. He then transitioned to mainstream media, serving as a resident analyst at ABS-CBN News Channel and, a year later, as a resident political analyst and host of Stand for Truth at GMA Network.
He began his writing career as a regular contributor to The Huffington Post, where he wrote on Asian affairs and domestic Philippine politics. In 2018, he joined the Philippine Daily Inquirer, becoming one of the youngest columnists in the newspaper's history. The same year, he won the Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the Year award by the Junior Chamber International for his contributions to public policy discourse and social sciences. He had previously won the Ten Outstanding Young Men award in 2016.
As a researcher, Heydarian began as a consultant to the German think tank Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Manila office, and was also the editor-in-chief of Socdem Asia, the magazine and publication outlet for the alliance of social democratic and progressive parties in the Indo-Pacific region. He is also a contributor to International Politics and Society magazine, published by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung's Brussels office, and a magazine for social democratic thinkers.
Heydarian is currently a senior lecturer at the UP Asian Center, where he teaches graduate courses on international affairs in Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific region. He previously served as Professorial Chairholder and Associate Professor at Polytechnic University of the Philippines. He is also a television host at One News, where his show, The View From Manila, was nominated for the "Best Current Affairs" program at the Asian Television Awards 2023.

## Political views and advocacy

He began his career as a geopolitical analyst and a junior researcher with the German think tank Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Manila office, which is affiliated with Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and was also the editor-in-chief of 'Socdem Asia' and is also a regular contributor to 'International Politics and Society' magazine, which is a prominent magazine for social democratic thinkers. His early exposure to social democratic ideals and organizations shaped his views on economics, politics and foreign policy. Against the backdrop of global uncertainty and rise of alt-right populism, he considers himself as a "progressive realist", who appreciates the need for proactive social mobilization, coalition-building with likeminded forces, robust social safety nets combined with more centrist social policies, as well as deterrence and balance of power in matters of geopolitics.
As a journalist and academic, Heydarian has met and/or exchanged views with leading global statesmen including Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, and US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
He is also a major proponent of a more proactive and autonomous Philippine foreign policy as well as a greater role for Global South nations and cooperation among likeminded post-colonial nations. Accordingly, he prefers middle powers such as the Philippines to resist any undue pressure and unilateralism by any superpower, including the incoming Trump 2.0 administration. He is, however, an advocate of 'minilateralism', and has dubbed the term, "JAPHUS", referring to the Japan-Philippine-US trilateral alliance.
As a prominent voice on ASEAN affairs, he was among speakers at the ASEAN Business and Investment Summit in Jakarta in 2023. Following his participation at the 2025 ASEAN Economic Opinion Leaders Conference, which was hosted by Malaysia's Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry (MITI), Heydarian argued in favor of a more proactive and coherent regional approach to a new era of great power competition. Responding to Singaporean diplomat Kausikan Bilahari famous argument on how ASEAN is more like a "cow" than a "horse", Heydarian has argued "the least ASEAN can do is to become a “donkey” similar to “Dapple” in Don Quixote: a tad slow and lacking flair, but impeccably sturdy and reliable. Otherwise, the regional body risks being consigned to a laughing stock among major powers and a marginal player in shaping the broader Indo-Pacific region."
In an era of great power competition, Heydarian argues that ASEAN states have engaged in "fifty shades of hedging" in order to preserve their strategic autonomy. He is also critical of what he calls "strategic gaslighting", namely when smaller nations as varied as Ukraine, the Philippines and Taiwan are blamed for being bullied or even invaded by bigger powers. At times, major powers such as China, Heydarian argues, accuse smaller neighbors of provocation, when the latter resists expansionist activities by bigger neighbors. He is also a strong believer in 'industrial policy', and the need for service-oriented economies such as the Philippines' to shift to manufacturing, with a focus on semiconductors and EV batter production. This is the best way, according to Heydarian, to create sustainable development and inclusive growth.
As for new power grouping such as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), Heydarian believes they are important indicators of a major shift in the global balance of power towards post-American multipolarity, although remains skeptical of the actual projects and initiatives of the power grouping. Although impressed by China's industrial policy and economic miracle, Heydarian is also skeptical of its investment promises. He dubbed the term "pledge trap", which refers to prospective beneficiaries "forward-deploying strategic concessions in exchange for broadly illusory investment pledges." Nevertheless, Heydarian has argued that BRICS' continued expansion—now including Southeast Asia's largest economy, Indonesia, which is also among the world's most populous nations—indicates the (i) prestige rising powers attach to joining the new power grouping; (ii) the need to hedge against US sanctions—Vietnam has robust ties to Russia's sanctioned defense industry, while Malaysia has been a conduit for sanctioned Iranian oil—and potentially destabilizing impact of Trump policies on US dollar stability via unsustainable fiscal practices; and, more concretely, (iii) expanding bilateral currency swap deals and financial integration among major BRICS nations, with Russia de-dollarizing close to 90 percent of its trade with major powers such as India as well as establishing direct financial linkages with Iran to circumvent Western sanctions.
He has also written extensively about Philippine domestic politics and has been an advocate for a revitalized opposition. Accordingly, he has focused on the role of prominent leaders such as Risa Hontiveros, Leila de Lima, and Leni Robredo – and ways for unifying and mobilizing liberal-progressive and broader democratic forces in the country. For Heydarian, the Latin American "Pink Tide" progressive movements could serve a potential inspiration for the Philippines, especially given the massive mobilization of the "Pink Movement" during the 2022 presidential elections. 'Over the past two decades, the region has produced, against all odds, a wave of progressive-charismatic leaders, who collectively belong to the so-called “Pink Tide“,' Heydarian argued. 'In many ways, we are collectively more similar to Latin America and other former Spanish colonies than neighboring Asian states..."' Analyzing the success of progressive leaders in Latin America, Heydarian emphasized the role of "sustained and full-scale mobilization of the civil society beyond election cycles alone" and how they shunned "half-hearted reforms or tired liberal clichés. They succeeded because they offered nothing short of transformational reform in a broken political system."
Heydarian is also a social media influencer, with extensive reach across all major platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. His podcast Deep Dive w/ Richard Heydarian has consistently ranked among leading podcasts in the country. He is also the of the "UTAK FORUM", which regularly brings together leading experts and senior policy-makers to discuss South China Sea and foreign policy issues. A blend of podcast and panel discussion, the forum also serves as a press conference to discuss pressing national security issues in the country As a partisan and a supporter of Liberal Party a political group in the Philippines, Heydarian has consistently challenged political orthodoxies, liberal elitism, persistent deficiencies of opposition groups, and has even publicly debated with leading propagandists aligned with the controversial Rodrigo Duterte presidency.

## Controversies
### Mindanao statement

During an interview with the CNN on Arrest of Rodrigo Duterte by the International Criminal Court, Heydarian compared Duterte's influence and enduring base of support to the MAGA movement, a term popularized by Donald Trump during his 2016 campaign and reused for the 2024 presidential run. When asked about Duterte's support base, Heydarian cited several factors, most notably the immense developmental disparities in the country and the neglect of national government for the southern island. Heydarian, who was born in Baguio in northern Philippines, mentioned how the Human Development Index in Mindanao—Duterte's political stronghold and the base of his presidential rise— is similar to those in Sub-Saharan Africa:
   Their base of support, first of all, is in the south of the Philippines, the so-called ‘Solid South’ in the Mindanao region, where there is a lot of legitimate grievances against the national government. I mean, it is one of the poorest areas of the country. I come from the Northern Luzon] where our Human Development Index is almost Southern Europe. But if you go to Mindanao, their Human Development Index is [similar to] Sub-Saharan African [nations].
When parts of his interviews went viral online, it quickly sparkled online backlash, particularly among the people of Mindanao, who found the comparison -- based on HDI scores -- demeaning. A Cagayan De Oro councilor challenged Heydarian regarding the Sub-Sahara statement to visit Mindanao particularly in Northern Mindanao to see it for himself how developed the region was. In addition to the outrage, many people responded with humor and sarcasm, posting memes about "Sub-Saharan Mindanao". He was declared as "persona non grata" by the city council of Isabela, Basilan.
In response, Heydarian, in a video post on Facebook, reiterated that his words were taken out of context and deliberately twisted by what he described as "[Pro-Duterte] fake news peddlers", referring to the Diehard Duterte Supporters and their alleged online disinformation machinery. He also expressed regrets for any unintended consequences. “If anyone felt hurt [unintentionally by my remarks] I apologize. I didn’t mean to insult anyone. It was a one minute I had to explain the development gap and injustice of that that we have to solve...I apologize if people felt offended based on the fake news because I really care about our folks in Mindanao,” he added.

## Academic work

As an academic, he has authored or co-authored more than a dozen books, including "The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery" (Palgrave Macmillan); "Asia's New Battlefield" (Zedbooks, London); and "How Capitalism Failed the Arab World" (Zedbooks, London); His book "The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt Against Elite Democracy", published by Palgrave Macmillan (London), was featured in The Financial Times' "Best of Weekend Long Reads" list. The book represents the first internationally published analysis of President Rodrigo Duterte's presidency and its implications for the Philippines and beyond.
He has also co-authored and/or contributed chapters to leading academic publications and authoritative edited volumes, including "Subaltern Populism – Dutertismo and the War on Constitutional Democracy" (Cambridge University Press, 2022); "Penal Populism in Emerging Markets: Human Rights and Democracy in the Age of Strongmen" (Cambridge University Press, 2020); as well as "Genealogy of Conflict: The roots, evolution, and trajectory of the South China Sea disputes" (Routledge, 2017); "The Struggle for Centrality ASEAN, the South China Sea, and the Sino-American New Cold War?" (Routledge, 2022) "Philippines' Counter-Terror Conundrum: Marawi and Duterte's Battle Against the Islamic State" (Routledge, 2019) and "The Shifting Sands: Duterte, the Philippines, and ASEAN's Evolving Relations with the DPRK" (Routledge, 2024) and "At a Strategic Crossroads: ASEAN Centrality amid Sino-American Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific" (Brookings Institution, 2021).
He also contributed to prominent edited volumes, including "The WikiLeaks Fallout: Strategic Implications for the U.S.- ASEAN Relations", in "The Wikileaks Files: What the Cables Tell us about the American Empire" (Verso, 2015) as well as Oxford Bibliographie, "Politics of the Philippines: From Rizal to Duterte" (Oxford University Press) and "The US-Philippine-China Triangle: From Equi-Balancing to Counter- Balancing amid the South China Sea Disputes" in "Regional Power Shift in the Making? The Rise of China and the South China Sea Disputes" (Springer, 2015, Feb/March)
He is also a regular contributor to the prestigious Journal of Democracy academic publication, where he primarily focuses on issues of democratization, authoritarian populism, and the Marcos–Duterte rivalry.

### Journal articles

* “The Return of the Marcos Dynasty,” Journal of Democracy. July 2002 Issue.
* “Rodrigo Duterte and the Populist Backlash against Globalization”, Harvard International Review. Vol. 38, No. 3
* “Mare Liberum: Aquino, Duterte, and The Philippines’ Evolving Lawfare Strategy in the South China Sea,” Journal of Asian Politics & Policy, (First Quarter 2018).
* "The Changing Triangular Relations Between the Philippines, the United States and the People's Republic China", Journal of Asian Politics & Policy, (Fourth Quarter 2017).
* “Tragedy of small power politics: Duterte and the shifting sands of Philippine foreign policy,” Journal of Asian Security, (Fourth Quarter, 2017)
* "The Arab Summer and Its Discontents: Origins of Revolution, and Islamic Movements in Post-Revolutionary Arab World", Sociology of Islam (2015, August).
* ‘Revenge of Geopolitics: Rise of China and the Confines of Asian Econophoria’, Asian International Studies Review. (Vol 17, No. 1).

### Books/chapters

* The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery (Palgrave Macmillan, 2020)
* The Rise of Duterte: A Populist Revolt against Elite Democracy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)
* Asia's New Battlefield: The USA, China and the Struggle for the Western Pacific (Zedbooks/Bloomsbury, 2016)
* How Capitalism Failed the Arab World: The Economic Roots and Precarious Future of the Middle East Uprisings (Zedbooks/Bloomsbury, 2014)
* "Subaltern Populism – Dutertismo and the War on Constitutional Democracy" (Cambridge University Press, 2022)
* "At a Strategic Crossroads: ASEAN Centrality amid Sino-American Rivalry in the Indo-Pacific" (Brookings Institution, 2021)
* "Penal Populism in Emerging Markets: Human Rights and Democracy in the Age of Strongmen"(Cambridge University Press, 2020);
* "The Shifting Sands: Duterte, the Philippines, and ASEAN’s Evolving Relations with the DPRK" (Routledge, 2024)
* "The Struggle for Centrality ASEAN, the South China Sea, and the Sino-American New Cold War?" (Routledge, 2022)
* "Philippines’ Counter-Terror Conundrum: Marawi and Duterte’s Battle Against the Islamic State" (Routledge, 2019)
* "Genealogy of Conflict: The roots, evolution, and trajectory of the South China Sea disputes" (Routledge, 2017)
* “The WikiLeaks Fallout: Strategic Implications for the U.S.- ASEAN Relations”, in The Wikileaks Files: What the Cables Tell us about the American Empire (Verso, 2015)
* “The US-Philippine-China Triangle: From Equi-Balancing to Counter- Balancing amid the South China Sea Disputes” in “Regional Power Shift in the Making? The Rise of China and the South China Sea Disputes” (Springer, 2015, Feb/March)