# Order of Corporate Reunion

The Order of Corporate Reunion (OCR), officially the Christian, Ecumenical, and Fraternal Order of Corporate Reunion, was an ecumenical association of clergy and laity of Anglican origin. The OCR was initially founded by Frederick George Lee, Thomas Wimberley Mossman, and John Thomas Seccombe between 1874-1877 in London.$^{:23}$ Established as an Anglo-Papalist society to continue the work of the Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom, its founders sought to restore an apostolic succession recognized by the Catholic Church through reordinations as a means for reunion.
The founders of the Order of Corporate Reunion claimed to have been consecrated as bishops by Roman Catholic bishops. However, they did not state in public the names of their consecrators. Over a century after their deaths it was revealed that cardinals Luigi Nazari di Calabiana, Domenico Agostini, and Vincenzo Moretti allegedly consecrated Lee and Mossman.$^{:22}$
Following the deaths of its founders, the order fell dormant until it was revived in 1912.$^{:24–26}$ Prominent members and leaders of the revived order were believed to have included Arnold Harris Mathew, Hugh George de Willmott Newman, and Peter Paul Brennan. This revived Order of Corporate Reunion, upon the death of Brennan, schismed into at least three separate bodies, though the organization incorporated by Brennan and others included Michael Kline as the disputed successive primate.

## History
### Foundation and dormancy

Following the dissolution of the Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom, the Order of Corporate Reunion was established in response to Apostolicae curae, which declared all Anglican ordinations "absolutely null and utterly void". Its founders were Frederick George Lee, Thomas Wimberley Mossman, and John Thomas Seccombe.$^{:23}$ Its founders claimed consecration through Roman Catholic bishops, yet their alleged consecrators were not revealed until 2000.$^{:22}$ Lee self-styled as Bishop of Dorchester; Mossman as Bishop of Shelby; and Seccombe as Bishop of Caerleon.
During the initial existence of the Order of Corporate Reunion, Richard Williams Morgan and Charles Isaac Stevens were both allegedly consecrated within the OCR on 6 March 1879.$^{:24}$ Morgan had been previously consecrated by Jules Ferrette of the Ancient British Church. According to Church of England priest Henry R. T. Brandreth, however, "it is very unlikely, however, that any of the OCR bishops performed a consecration" of Stevens. According to one claimed successor of the original OCR, following Arnold Mathew's controversy with the Old Catholic Churches of Utrecht, he was conditionally ordained and consecrated in November 1909 by Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare. Conybeare was consecrated in 1894 by Lee, Mossman, and Seccombe.
Becoming later disillusioned with the OCR and believing that he had made a mistake, Lee was received into the Catholic Church, shortly before his death. Mossman and Seccombe were also received into the Catholic Church, yet neither of the three were formally recognized as bishops. Following their deaths, the original order fell dormant until its revival between 1911 and 1912.$^{:24–26}$

### Revivals and schisms

Arnold Mathew, a former Old Catholic turned Independent or Old Roman Catholic bishop, re-established the OCR. According to Brandreth, it "seems still to exist in a shadowy underground way" in 1947, but disconnected.$^{:18}$Colin Holden, through Ritualist on a Tricycle, placed Mathew and his attempted revival of the OCR into perspective, writing that Mathew was an episcopus vagans, lived in a cottage provided for him, and performed his conditional OCR acts in this cottage—sometimes called according to Holden, "bedroom ordinations." Mathew questioned the validity of Anglican holy orders and became involved with the members of the order—in 1911 according to Edmonds—and he openly advertised his offer to reordain Anglican clergy who requested it, which angered the Church of England. Questioning the validity of Anglican orders, Mathew, in his newspaper The Torch, stated "that the ordinations of the Church of England are not recognized by any church claiming to be Catholic."$^{:25}$
Accoridng to D. J. Scannell O'Neill's observations of Mathew, the Old Roman Catholic Church of Great Britain, and his revival of the OCR, the "most charitable construction to be placed on this latest move of Mathew is that he is not mentally sound. Being an Irishman, it is strange that he has not sufficient humor to see the absurdity of falling away from the Catholic Church in order to assist others to unite with the Holy See". It was reported that "anything between 4 and 265 was suggested" as to how many took up his offer of reordination through the OCR.
According to one successor body of Mathew's revived OCR, the order grew in the United States of America through the conditional consecration of Ignatius Nichols—a former bishop of the American Orthodox Catholic Church led by Aftimios Ofiesh. This OCR's membership would later claim the membership of Hugh George de Willmott Newman of the Catholicate of the West. Newman would also later become the head of this order, according to the successive claimant.
In 1998, another branch of the OCR was established by Diederik Quatannens; his leadership was succeeded by Bertil Persson. After Persson's retirement, this division of the order was then led by Archbishop Peter Paul Brennan of the Old Catholic Confederation, who died in 2016.
Following Brennan's death, Independent Catholic bishop Michael Kline of the Exorcist Order of Saint Michael in Missouri, claimed to have been entrusted as Brennan's successor the revived and branched order. Kline, alongside Persson and Brennan incorporated their branch of the OCR within the United States. During his tenure, this Order of Corporate Reunion schismed into at least three separate groups.
Another notable OCR branch has been based in the United Kingdom and led by John Kersey, also claimant successor to the defunct Catholicate of the West, dispenser of the Vilatte orders, and self-styled nobility.
Upon the resignation of Kline as disputed primate over all of the Order of Corporate Reunion, Richard Cumming was appointed the leader of the branch incorporated in the United States by Brennan, Kline and Persson, in 2022. The following year, this branch led by Richard Cumming reorganized itself as its predecessor—the Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom. The organization's name and seal led by Kersey was also, as of 2023, a registered trademark within the United States of America.