OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 30th parallel south

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The 30th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees south of the Earth's equator. It stands one-third of the way between the equator and the South Pole and crosses Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australia, the Pacific Ocean, South America and the Atlantic Ocean.
At this latitude the sun is visible for 14 hours, 5 minutes during the summer solstice and 10 hours, 13 minutes during the winter solstice. At solar noon on December 21, the sun is at 83.83 degrees up in the sky and at 36.17 degrees on June 21.

## Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 30° south passes through:
    Coordinates Country, territory or ocean Notes 30°0′S 0°0′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 0.000°E﻿ / -30.000; 0.000﻿ (Prime Meridian) Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean 30°0′S 17°9′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 17.150°E﻿ / -30.000; 17.150﻿ (South Africa)  South Africa Northern Cape Free State 30°0′S 27°14′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 27.233°E﻿ / -30.000; 27.233﻿ (Lesotho)  Lesotho 30°0′S 29°1′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 29.017°E﻿ / -30.000; 29.017﻿ (South Africa)  South Africa KwaZulu-Natal - passing just south of Durban 30°0′S 30°57′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 30.950°E﻿ / -30.000; 30.950﻿ (Indian Ocean) Indian Ocean 30°0′S 114°57′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 114.950°E﻿ / -30.000; 114.950﻿ (Australia)  Australia Western Australia South Australia New South Wales – passing just north of Woolgoolga 30°0′S 153°13′E﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 153.217°E﻿ / -30.000; 153.217﻿ (Pacific Ocean) Pacific Ocean Passing between islands in the Kermadec chain, New Zealand 30°0′S 71°24′W﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 71.400°W﻿ / -30.000; -71.400﻿ (Chile)  Chile Coquimbo Region - passing just south of Coquimbo 30°0′S 69°55′W﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 69.917°W﻿ / -30.000; -69.917﻿ (Argentina)  Argentina San Juan Province La Rioja Province Catamarca Province - Lago Salinas Grandes Córdoba Province Santiago del Estero Province Santa Fe Province Corrientes Province 30°0′S 57°20′W﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 57.333°W﻿ / -30.000; -57.333﻿ (Brazil)  Brazil Rio Grande do Sul - passing through Porto Alegre 30°0′S 50°7′W﻿ / ﻿30.000°S 50.117°W﻿ / -30.000; -50.117﻿ (Atlantic Ocean) Atlantic Ocean
# Haneef Fatmi

Haneef Akhtar Fatmi (1933-1995) was an Pakistani engineer specializing in cybernetics. He was born in Bhopal State and took a degree in Electrical Engineering at Karachi University (1951). While studying with Dennis Gabor and Abdus Salam at Imperial College he wrote his doctorate on ionized gases. Whilst at the London University, he helped found the Cybernetics Society.
In 1970 Fatmi, with Young, published a definition of intelligence in the journal Nature, that subject to widespread comments and notability being listed by the Institute of Physics as "one of the 2000 leading quotations of all times". That definition is that: "Intelligence is that faculty, of mind, by which order is perceived in a situation previously considered disordered". (H. A. Fatmi & R. W. Young, "A Definition of Intelligence", Nature 228, 97 (1970)) This definition is addressed directly in the Oxford Companion to the Mind.

## Selected publications

* Gabor, D. and Fatmi, H.A., "A thermionic generator," Nature, London, 1961, 868.
* Gabor, D. and Fatmi, H.A., "The theory of gas discharges with extraneous ion supply," Advanced Energy Conversion, IEE, London, 1964, 307.
* Fatmi, H.A. and Young, R.W., "A definition of intelligence," Nature, London, 1970, 97.
* Fatmi, H.A., "The concept of a creative society," Electronics and power, IEE London, 1974
* Fatmi, H.A., Resconi, G. A new computing principle. Nuov Cim B 101, 239–242 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02828704
# Dhofar Liberation Front

Dhofar Liberation Front (DLF) (Arabic: جبهة تحرير ظفار) was a communist front that was established to create a separatist state in Dhofar, the southernmost province of Oman, which shared a border with South Yemen.
The DLF was established by Marxist–Leninist youth in Salalah in 1965. Its main aim was to secure funding for the development of the area and to end the rule of the Sultan Said bin Taimur.
The two leadership characters that would be at the core of the front's short history were Musallam bin Nufl and Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah.
They, being supported by South Yemen, fought a 10-year insurgency against the Sultan of Muscat and Oman's Armed Forces. The Sultanate Army, supported by Pahlavi Iran and the United Kingdom, managed to remove the DLF and to push its forces towards the border of Yemen and the mountains in 1976.
Almost all weapons were supplied through South Yemen, many of the Dhofars went to China to study guerrilla warfare
Оne of the mentors of this party was George Habash, Palestinian founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who was ideologically a Marxist-Leninist and Arab nationalist
# Bob Johnson (basketball coach)

Robert L. Johnson is an American retired basketball coach who was the head men's basketball at Tufts (1974–1975) and Seattle (1985–1991).

## Playing

Johnson played high school basketball in Houston, then played for Cotton Fitzsimmons at Moberly Junior College.He played two seasons at Washington, where he 4.8 points per game and 3.5 rebounds per game over two seasons (1964-65 and 1965-66). He played one season of professional basketball in Belgium.

## Coaching

From 1969 to 1973, Johnson was the head coach at Seattle Community College. He then spent a season as the head coach at Franklin High School. He was the head coach at Tufts during the 1974–75 season, compiling a 9–11 record. He then returned to his alma mater as an assistant coach. He recruit UW stars Detlef Schrempf and James Edwards. When head coach Marv Harshman retired in 1985, Johnson was not interviewed for the position and Harshman's successor, Andy Russo, did not retain him as an assistant. He instead accepted the head coaching job at Seattle. In six seasons, Johnson had a 73-103 record. The Chieftains finished the 1990–91 season with a 16–15 record and an appearance in the NAIA District playoffs, but Johnson was let go that summer.
After leaving Seattle, Johnson remained in Washington and worked as an athletic director at the high school level. In 1996, he moved to South Carolina, where he purchased two McDonald's franchises. In 2000, he returned to college basketball as an assistant at Wofford after Dan Peterson was forced to resign due to personal issues.

## Personal life

Johnson and his wife, Laetitia, have two sons. Their younger son, Chris, was a starting cornerback for the Stanford Cardinal football tea, from 1997 to 1999.
# Eleusa icon

The Eleusa (or Eleousa; Greek: Ἐλεούσα – tenderness or showing mercy) is a type of depiction of the Virgin Mary in icons in which the Christ Child is nestled against her cheek. In the Western Church the type is often known as the Virgin of Tenderness.

## Depictions

Such icons have been venerated in the Eastern Church for centuries. Similar types of depiction are also found in Madonna paintings in the Western Church where they are called the Madonna Eleusa, or the Virgin of Tenderness. By the 19th century examples such as the Lady of Refuge type (e.g. the Refugium Peccatorum Madonna by Luigi Crosio) were widespread and they were also used in retablos in Mexican art.
In Eastern Orthodoxy the term Panagia Eleousa is often used. The Theotokos of Vladimir and Theotokos of Pochayiv are well-known examples of this type of icon. Eleusa is also used as epithet for describing and praising the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) in the Eastern Orthodox tradition.
While the Eastern Church does not generally create three-dimensional religious art, Eleusa-style reliefs and sculptures, as well as icons, have also been used in the Western Church.
The Pelagonitissa is a variant in which the infant Jesus makes an abrupt movement.

## Gallery
### Eastern icons

* Vladimirskaya
* Smolenskaya
* Fyodorovskaya
* Tolgskaya
* Donskaya

### Western icons

* Cambrai Madonna, Italo-Byzantine, c. 1340, Cambrai Cathedral
* The Virgin Eleousa, Crete, c. 1425, Cleveland Museum of Art
* Tempi Madonna, Raphael, 1508, Alte Pinakothek
* "Eleusa style" Relief by Andrea della Robbia in Seville
* Pompeo Batoni, c. 1742
# Metaknowledge

Metaknowledge or meta-knowledge is knowledge about knowledge.
Some authors divide meta-knowledge into orders:
* zero order meta-knowledge is knowledge whose domain is not knowledge (and hence zero order meta-knowledge is not meta-knowledge per se)
* first order meta-knowledge is knowledge whose domain is zero order meta-knowledge
* second order meta-knowledge is knowledge whose domain is first order meta-knowledge
* most generally, $n+1$ order meta-knowledge is knowledge whose domain is $n$ order meta-knowledge.
Other authors call zero order meta-knowledge first order knowledge, and call first order meta-knowledge second order knowledge; meta-knowledge is also known as higher order knowledge.
Meta-knowledge is a fundamental conceptual instrument in such research and scientific domains as, knowledge engineering, knowledge management, and others dealing with study and operations on knowledge, seen as a unified object/entities, abstracted from local conceptualizations and terminologies. Examples of the first-level individual meta-knowledge are methods of planning, modeling, tagging, learning and every modification of a domain knowledge. Indeed, universal meta-knowledge frameworks have to be valid for the organization of meta-levels of individual meta-knowledge.
Meta-knowledge may be automatically harvested from electronic publication archives, to reveal patterns in research, relationships between researchers and institutions and to identify contradictory results.
# 2025 Big Ten men's ice hockey tournament

The 2025 Big Ten Conference men's ice hockey tournament is be the eleventh tournament in conference history. It is scheduled to be played between March 7 and March 22, 2025, on-campus locations. The tournament winner will earn the Big Ten's automatic bid to the 2025 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament.

## Format

The tournament featured a format with all games taking place on the campus of the higher-seeded teams. The tournament will open with three best-of-three quarterfinal series, as the second, third and fourth-seeded teams each hosting a series. The top-seeded team will have a bye to the single-elimination semifinals. The highest-seeded team remaining after the semifinals will host the championship game.

## Conference standings

2024–25 Big Ten ice hockey Standingsvte :
| | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Conference record | Overall record | Overall record | Overall record | Overall record | Overall record | Overall record |
| | GP | W | L | T | OTW | OTL | 3/SW | PTS | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| #1 Michigan State † | 24 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 50 | 92 | 60 | 35 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 122 | 70 |
| #5 Minnesota † | 24 | 15 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 50 | 87 | 62 | 39 | 25 | 10 | 4 | 150 | 96 |
| #9 Ohio State | 24 | 14 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 42 | 72 | 62 | 38 | 24 | 12 | 2 | 121 | 94 |
| #16 Michigan | 24 | 12 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 36 | 76 | 83 | 36 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 112 | 118 |
| #13 Penn State | 24 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 33 | 78 | 88 | 37 | 20 | 13 | 4 | 130 | 114 |
| Wisconsin | 24 | 7 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 27 | 64 | 77 | 37 | 13 | 21 | 3 | 108 | 110 |
| Notre Dame | 24 | 4 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 60 | 97 | 38 | 12 | 25 | 1 | 102 | 127 |
| Championship: March 22, 2025 † indicates conference regular season champion * indicates conference tournament champion Rankings: USCHO.com Top 20 Poll; updated March 15, 2025 |||||||||||||||||||

## Bracket

Teams were reseeded for the semifinals
| Quarterfinals March 7–9 | Quarterfinals March 7–9 | Quarterfinals March 7–9 | Quarterfinals March 7–9 | Quarterfinals March 7–9 | Semifinals March 15 | Semifinals March 15 | Semifinals March 15 | Championship March 22 | Championship March 22 |
| | | | | | 1 | Michigan State | 1 | | |
| | | | | | 7 | Notre Dame | 0 | | |
| 2 | Minnesota | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | Notre Dame | 0 | | |
| 7 | Notre Dame | 3 | 2 | 4 | | | | | |
| 7 | Notre Dame | 3 | 2 | 4 | | | | 1 | Michigan State |
| | | | | | | | | 3 | Ohio State |
| 3 | Ohio State | 1 | 3* | 3 | | | | | | 3 | Ohio State |
| 6 | Wisconsin | 4 | 2 | 2 | | | | | |
| 6 | Wisconsin | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | Ohio State | 4* | | |
| | | | | | 5 | Penn State | 3 | | |
| 4 | Michigan | 5 | 2 | — | 5 | Penn State | 3 | | |
| 5 | Penn State | 6* | 5 | — | | | | | |
Note: * denotes overtime periods.

## Results
### Quarterfinals
#### (2) Minnesota vs. (7) Notre Dame

* Notre Dame won series 2–1

#### (3) Ohio State vs. (6) Wisconsin

* Ohio State won series 2–1

#### (4) Michigan vs. (5) Penn State

* Penn State won series 2–0
# Omar El Sawy

Omar Sayed Mohamed Mahmoud El Sawy (Arabic: عمر سيد محمد محمود الصاوي; born 16 March 2004) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a forward for Liga I club Sepsi OSK, on loan from Rapid București.

## Club career
### Early career / Csíkszereda

At junior level, El Sawy represented several clubs from his native Târgu Mureș as well as Csíkszereda. He made his senior debut for the latter side on 6 August 2022, in a 1–2 away Liga II loss to Unirea Dej. On the 28th that month, El Sawy scored his first goal in a 3–2 win over Buzău.

### Rapid București

On 19 May 2023, El Sawy was signed by Liga I side Rapid București for a rumoured transfer fee of €400,000, including bonuses. He made his professional debut on 10 November 2023, in a goalless league draw at Sepsi OSK.

### Sepsi OSK

In autumn of 2024, Rapid agreed to sent El Sawy on loan to Sepsi OSK for the rest of the season, in order to gain playing minutes. On 6 October 2024, he debuted in a 0–4 away win against Hermannstadt by scoring his first goal for his team.

## Personal life

El Sawy was born in Târgu Mureș to an Egyptian father and a Romanian mother, the latter also being of partial Hungarian descent.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 17 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Csíkszereda | 2022–23 | Liga II | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 1 |
| Rapid București | 2023–24 | Liga I | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 7 | 0 |
| Rapid București | 2024–25 | Liga I | 3 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0 |
| Rapid București | Total | Total | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 10 | 0 |
| Sepsi OSK (loan) | 2024–25 | Liga I | 17 | 4 | 1 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 18 | 4 |
| Career Total | Career Total | Career Total | 47 | 5 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 49 | 5 |
# White Dragon (disambiguation)

A white dragon is a symbol associated in Welsh mythology with the Anglo-Saxons.
White Dragon or The White Dragon may also refer to:
* Russel "White Dragon" Turner, a character in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street
* White Dragon (comics), three characters in Marvel Comics
* White Dragon (DC Comics), four characters in DC Comics
* White Dragon (August Smith), a character in the DC Extended Universe
* White dragon (Dungeons & Dragons), a type of dragon in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game
* The White Dragon (film), a 2004 Hong Kong wuxia comedy film directed by Wilson Yip
* White Dragon Horse, a white dragon that turned into a steed in the novel Journey to the West
* The White Dragon (novel), a science fiction novel by American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey
* White Dragon, alternate title for Strangers (2018 TV series), a British crime drama
* A mahjong tile which can either be blank or have a blue border
* Chinese Dragon God of the west and the essence of autumn

## Places

* Bạch Long Vĩ island, also called the "White Dragon Tail"
* White Dragon Park and White Dragon Lake, in Nanning, China
* White Dragon River, a river in Gansu and Sichuan, China
# Horace Edward Henderson

Horace Edward Henderson (July 30, 1917 – October 28, 2014) was an American politician from Virginia who served as Chairman of the Virginia Republican Party from 1962 to 1964.

## Life

Henderson was born on July 30, 1917, in Henderson, North Carolina. He was raised in Williamsburg, Virginia. He attended college at William and Mary and Yale University. Henderson served during World War II in the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He was a member of the Williamsburg City Council from 1948 to 1950. In 1957, he ran on the Republican ticket for lieutenant governor of Virginia. He died on October 28, 2014, in Lynchburg, Virginia.

## Personal life

He married his second wife, Vera Schubert, in 1966.

## Books

* Henderson, Horace. (2001). The Greatest Blunders of World War II: How Errors Mistakes and Blunders Determined Victory or Defeat, ISBN 978-0595162673.
* Henderson, Horace. (2001). The Scots of Virginia: America's Greatest Patriots, ISBN 978-0738861319.
* Henderson, Horace. (2004). The Final Word on War and Peace: Quotations, Articles and Reports, ISBN 978-0595322008.
# Aepyornithomimus

Aepyornithomimus (meaning "Aepyornis mimic") is a genus of ornithomimid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation in Mongolia. It lived in the Campanian, around 75 million years ago, when the area is thought to have been a desert. The type and only species is A. tugrikinensis.

## History of discovery

The holotype specimen, MPC-D 100/130, was discovered in sediments at the Tögrögiin Shiree locality of the Djadokhta Formation, a locality that is interpreted to be composed of semi-arid eolian sediments with irregular, light gray and cross-bedded sands and sandstones, by Shigeru Suzuki during a joint Japanese (HMNS)—Mongolian (IPG) paleontological expedition to the Gobi Desert in 1994. The specimen consists of an almost complete articulated left pes preserved with partial astragalus, complete calcaneum, and the lower tarsal III; it is now housed at the Institute of Paleontology and Geology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. MPC-D 100/130 was formally described in 2017 by paleontologists Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi, Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar, Philip J. Currie, Mahito Watabe and Rinchen Barsbold, giving name to the new ornithomimid taxon Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis. The generic name, Aepyornithomimus, is derived from the large ratites Aepyornis and the Latin mimus (meaning mimic), in reference to the similar foot structure. Lastly, tugrikinensis refers to the locality of provenance, Tögrögiin Shiree.

## Classification

In a phylogenetic analysis, Aepyornithomimus was found to be a derived ornithomimosaur, closely related to Struthiomimus, Ornithomimus, Gallimimus, and Anserimimus. The exact systematics within this group of derived ornithomimids could not be resolved, but they were found to be closely related to the Deinocheiridae and Archaeornithomimus (which grouped with an unnamed taxon from the Bissekty Formation). Morphologically, observations were made that it seemed transitional between the metatarsal condition in basal ornithomimosaurs and more derived ones, and it was suggested that A. tugikinensis shows an intermediate condition.

## Paleoecology

The Djadokhta Formation where Aepyornithomimus was found was an arid eolian desert similar to the modern Gobi Desert. Later in the Campanian age and into the Maastrichtian the climate would shift to the more humid fluvial environment seen in the Nemegt Formation. A. tugrikinensis is the first diagnostic ornithomimosaur found in these earlier, drier deposits, and indicates the group could tolerate a variety of environmental conditions.
# Makahesi Makatoa

Makahesi Makatoa (born 30 January 1993) is a Cook Islands international rugby league footballer who plays as a prop or lock forward for the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL).
He previously played for Featherstone Rovers in the RFL Championship.

## Background

Makatoa was born in New Plymouth, New Zealand, of Niuean and Cook Islander descent. He played junior rugby league for the Marist Dragons in his hometown.

## Playing career
### Early career

Makatoa played 5 matches for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL Under-20s in 2013.
Makatoa played for the Mount Pritchard Mounties in the New South Wales Cup in 2017 and 2018.

### Featherstone Rovers

Makatoa signed with the Featherstone Rovers in the RFL Championship in 2019, following head coach Ryan Carr from Mounties to the Rovers.

### Parramatta Eels

Makatoa joined the Parramatta Eels' New South Wales Cup squad in 2020, again under coach Carr. In Round 22 2021, Makatoa made his NRL debut for Parramatta against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles at Sunshine Coast Stadium, which ended in a 56-10 defeat. In December 2021, he signed a new deal to remain at Parramatta until the end of the 2023 season. Makatoa played 23 games for Parramatta in the 2022 NRL season including two finals matches. Makatoa was left out of Parramatta's preliminary final team which defeated North Queensland to reach the 2022 NRL Grand Final. Makatoa was not included in Parramatta's grand final team which lost 28-12 against Penrith. In round 16 of the 2023 NRL season, Makatoa scored his first try for Parramatta in their 34-4 victory over Manly. Makatoa played a total of 17 matches for Parramatta which were all from the interchange bench in the 2023 NRL season as the club finished 10th and missed the finals. Makatoa made ten appearances for Parramatta in the 2024 NRL season as the club finished 15th on the table. Makatoa spent most of the year playing with the clubs NSW Cup team. On 11 September, it was announced that Makatoa would be departing the Parramatta club after not being offered a new contract.

### 2025

In the pre-season, Makatoa joined the Sydney Roosters and played in the Roosters pre-season challenge. In round 2 of the 2025 NRL season, he made his official club debut for the Sydney Roosters in their 38-32 upset victory over Penrith.
# Lancashire hotpot

Lancashire hotpot is a stew originating in Lancashire in the North West of England. It consists of lamb or mutton and onion, topped with sliced potatoes and slowly baked in a pot at a low heat.

## History and etymology

In the 17th century, the word "hotpot" referred not to a stew but to a hot drink—a mixture of ale and spirits, or sweetened spiced ale. An early use of the term to mean a meat stew was in The Liverpool Telegraph in 1836: "hashes, and fricassees, and second-hand Irish hot-pots" and the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) cites the dish as being served in Liverpool in 1842. The Oxford Companion to Food (OCF) cites Elizabeth Gaskell's 1854 novel North and South, depicting hot-pot as the most prized dish among cotton workers in a northern town.
The OED gives the etymology as "hot adj. + pot n.", and cites the analogous French term pot-au-feu. The OCF refers to earlier forms of the term: "hotchpotch" (a mixed dish, typically a meat and vegetable stew) and "hotchpot", from the medieval French hochepot. A Book of Cookrye (1591) gives a recipe for hodgepodge, using "neck of mutton or a fat rump of beef", cooked and served in a broth thickened with bread. The term "hotchpotch" for a stew continued into the 19th century: Mrs Beeton (1861) gives a recipe under that name for a beef and onion stew in beer.
Hotpot became associated with Lancashire. In the OCF the food historian Roy Shipperbottom writes:

## Preparation

The recipe usually calls for a mix of mutton (nowadays more frequently lamb) and onions covered with sliced potato, and slowly baked in a pot containing stock or sometimes water. Some early recipes add lamb kidneys or oysters to the dish.
The traditional Lancashire hotpot dish is tall, round, and straight-sided, with a lid. Regardless of the baking dish, the lid should fit tightly.
Lancashire hotpot is traditionally served with pickled red cabbage.