# Weihai

Weihai (Chinese: 威海; pinyin: Wēihǎi), formerly Weihaiwei (Chinese: 威海卫; pinyin: Wēihǎiwèi; lit. 'Mighty Sea Fort'), is a prefecture-level city and major seaport city in the easternmost Shandong province of China. It borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east, and is the closest mainland Chinese city to South Korea (specifically, Chengshan to Yeonpyeongdo).
Compared with the 2,804,771 people in the 2010 Chinese census, there has been a total increase of 101,777 people over the past decade, an increase of 3.63%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.36%. Weihai's population was 2,906,548 as of the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 1,164,730 lived in the current built-up (or metro) area of (Huancui District) even though Wendeng district to the south with 563,529 inhabitants is soon being conurbated. There are two county-level cities within Weihai; Rongcheng had a built up area with 714,211 inhabitants, while Rushan had 464,078 inhabitants in 2020.

## History

Prehistorically, it was inhabited by Dongyi tribes, and it was annexed into China proper by the state of Qi in 567 B.C.
Before the 14th century, Weihai was a minor fishing settlement. In 1398, during the Ming dynasty, it became a military stronghold (wei) to defend against raids by the wokou. The fortification at Weihai was constructed in 1403, and contained walls almost 2 miles (3.2 km) in circumference.
Weihaiwei was the base for the Beiyang Fleet during the Qing Dynasty. In 1895, the Japanese captured it in the Battle of Weihaiwei, which is regarded as the last major battle of the First Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese then evacuated Weihaiwei on 24 May 1898, after which it was occupied by the British.
The core of Weihai (now Huancui District) was ruled by the British from 1 July 1898 to 1930 under a lease agreement with the Chinese empire, with Port Edward (the center of the original Weihai city, now in Huancui District) serving as the capital. A Royal Navy base was built on Liugong Island.
Weihaiwei became an integral part of China after it was returned to the Republic of China on 1 October 1930, but Liugong Island and its facilities were leased back to the U.K. until 1940.
Weihaiwei was occupied by the Japanese from 1938 to 1945. There was a withdrawal of most British forces and supplies from Liugong Island, and finally a Japanese military landing and occupation of the island in 1940.
The region was formally incorporated into Shandong province on 10 May 1945. In 1949, Weihaiwei City was established, and its name was shortened to Weihai after the Communist revolution.
Since 2003, a replica of the Chinese battleship Dingyuan has been anchored here as a museum ship and memorial for Chinese veterans of the First Sino-Japanese War.

## Administrative divisions

The prefecture-level city of Weihai administers four county-level divisions, including two districts and two county-level cities.Weihai City has jurisdiction over two districts and two cities: Huancui District, Wendeng District, Rongcheng City, and Rushan City (Weihai Torch High tech Industrial Development Zone, Weihai Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Weihai Lingang Economic and Technological Development Zone are national level development zones, Weihai Nanhai Economic Development Zone is a provincial-level development zone, and the Development Zone Management Committee is a dispatched agency of the municipal government), with a total of 48 towns, 24 street offices, 2373 village committees, and 390 resident committees.
Map :
| Huancui Wendeng Rongcheng (city) Rushan (city) |||
| Subdivision | Chinese | Pinyin |
| Huancui District | 环翠区 | Huáncuì Qū |
| Wendeng District | 文登区 | Wéndēng Qū |
| Rongcheng City | 荣成市 | Róngchéng Shì |
| Rushan City | 乳山市 | Rǔshān Shì |
These are further divided into 66 township-level divisions, including 52 towns and 14 subdistricts.

## Geography and climate

Weihai is located on the northeastern shore of Shandong; its administrative area includes Chengshantou [zh] (成山头), the easternmost tip of the Shandong Peninsula (Shantung Peninsula). The city is surrounded by sea on three sides; its port is protected by Liugong Island.
Weihai experiences a continental climate, and it is climactically influenced by the surrounding Yellow Sea and the Siberian high.Weihai City is located in the mid latitudes and belongs to the northern temperate monsoon continental climate, with significant seasonal changes and monsoon advance and retreat. Compared with inland areas at the same latitude, it has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, moderate annual temperature, and mild climate. Springtime warming and autumn cooling are delayed by one month, winds are generally high, and the average diurnal temperature variation throughout the year is small—at only 6.73 °C (12.1 °F). Winters are cold and dry, but still warmer than inland regions at the same latitude; the average temperature in January is −0.9 °C (30.4 °F). Summers are hot and humid, but much cooler than inland regions at similar latitude like the North China Plain (for about 5~10 °C) and August averages 24.7 °C (76.5 °F); the annual mean is 12.48 °C (54.5 °F). More than two-thirds of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, and there are nearly 2,540 hours of sunshine per year.
Climate data for Weihai, elevation 65 m (213 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.4 (95.7) | 33.7 (92.7) | 30.4 (86.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 38.4 (101.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 19.3 (66.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 5.2 (41.4) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 2.2 (36.0) | 13.1 (55.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | −0.2 (31.6) | 10.2 (50.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.3 (9.9) | −13.2 (8.2) | −8.6 (16.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.7 (51.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 0.8 (33.4) | −7.4 (18.7) | −11.3 (11.7) | −13.2 (8.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.9 (0.55) | 16.0 (0.63) | 18.3 (0.72) | 37.0 (1.46) | 52.9 (2.08) | 66.3 (2.61) | 160.7 (6.33) | 166.3 (6.55) | 72.4 (2.85) | 32.1 (1.26) | 32.5 (1.28) | 26.2 (1.03) | 694.6 (27.35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 85.1 |
| Average snowy days | 11.0 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 10.8 | 34.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 57 | 54 | 53 | 58 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 69 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 64 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.1 | 179.6 | 233.2 | 245.7 | 273.5 | 245.8 | 205.2 | 220.7 | 225.4 | 215.6 | 164.2 | 140.5 | 2,508.5 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 52 | 59 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 56 | 46 | 53 | 61 | 63 | 54 | 47 | 57 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China ||||||||||||||

## Economy

Weihai is a commercial port and major fishing center with some light industries. Due to its close proximity to South Korea, Weihai also has a large Korean business community and receives many Korean tourists.In recent years, Weihai has vigorously implemented its urban internationalization strategy and deepened its opening-up and cooperation with South Korea in all aspects according to the concept of "three exchanges, four ports, and five connections", becoming a model for local exchanges and cooperation between China and South Korea. Weihai is also a key production area for peanuts and fruit. Weihai has a good industrial foundation. A complete production system has been basically formed, with mechanical, electronic, chemical, building materials, light industry, textile and other industries as the pillars, and plastic, silk, medicine, food, arts and crafts and other industries as the backbone.

### Industrial Zone

Weihai Economic & Technological Development Zone is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council on 21 October 1992. The administrative area has an area of 194 km$^2$ (75 sq mi), including the programmed area of 36 km$^2$ (14 sq mi) and an initial area of 11.88 km$^2$ (4.59 sq mi). The built-up area covers 42.3 square kilometers, governs 2 towns, 3 streets, 30 administrative villages and 50 communities, with a registered residence population of 175000 and a permanent population of 300000. Its nearest port is Weihai Port, and the airport closest to the zone is Dashuibo Airport.
Weihai Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up by the approval of the State Council on 27 April 2000. Weihai EPZ is located in Weihai Economic & Technological Development Zone with programmed area of 2.6 km$^2$ (1.0 sq mi). Weihai EPZ belongs to comprehensive export & processing zone. The EPZ is located 30 km (19 mi) from Weihai Airport, 3 km (1.9 mi) to Weihai Railway Station and 4 km (2.5 mi) from Weihai Harbor. As a new frontier of opening up to the outside world, the processing zone has focused on developing five major industries: electronic information industry, precision machinery manufacturing, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, new materials, and food processing industry.
Weihai Torch Hi-Tech Science Park is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council in March 1991. Located in Weihai's northwest zone of culture, education and science, the Park has the total area of 111.9 km$^2$ (43.2 sq mi), a coastline of 30.5 km (19.0 mi) and 150,000 residents. It is 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the city center, 4 km (2.5 mi) away from Weihai Port, 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Weihai Railway Station, 30 km (19 mi) away from Weihai Airport and 80 km (50 mi) away from Yantai Airport.

### Transportation

Weihai Dashuipo International Airport serves the city with regular service to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Harbin domestically and the South Korean airport of Seoul–Incheon, as the fourth busiest airport in Shandong following Qingdao, Jinan and Yantai.
Qingdao–Rongcheng intercity railway offers the high-speed rail services directly to Shanghai Hongqiao, Beijing South, Jinan, Jimo North (Qingdao North soon) and Yantai, with five rail stations, Weihai, Weihai North, Wendeng, Wendeng East and Rongcheng.
Weihai Station is a first-class station in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and also the terminal station of Taowei Railway. It receives and sends more than 3000 passengers every day.
As for conventional rail services, The K8262 train depart every day at and 10:18 PM respectively for Jinan, the provincial capital, the K412 goes directly to Beijing at 8:54 PM, and the No. K1068 train leaves at 9:38 AM for Hankou, one of the three railway stations of Wuhan, Hubei. Internally, the city is served by more than 50 bus routes.

## Education

Campuses of Shandong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Harbin University of Science and Technology, as well as Shandong Jiaotong University are located in Weihai.
Secondary Schools
* Weihai No. 1 High School (威海市第一中学，威海一中)
* Weihai No. 2 High School (威海市第二中学，威海二中)
* Weihai No. 3 High School (威海市第三中学，威海三中)
* Weihai No. 4 High School (威海市第四中学，威海四中)

## Eponymy

* The minor planet 207931 Weihai is named after this city.