# Alexander Vindman

Alexander Semyon Vindman (born Aleksandr Semyonovich Vindman, June 6, 1975) is a retired United States Army lieutenant colonel who was the Director of European Affairs for the United States National Security Council (NSC) until he was reassigned on February 7, 2020. In 2023, Vindman was director of the think tank Institute for Informed American Leadership (IIAL). Vindman came to national attention in October 2019 when he testified before the United States Congress regarding the Trump–Ukraine scandal. His testimony provided evidence that resulted in a charge of abuse of power in the first impeachment of Donald Trump.
Commissioned in 1999 as an infantry officer, Vindman received a Purple Heart medal for wounds he received from an IED attack in the Iraq War in 2004. Vindman became a foreign area officer specializing in Eurasia in 2008 and assumed the position of Director of European Affairs with the NSC in 2018. In July 2020, Vindman retired after 21 years in the military. He cited vengeful behavior and bullying by President Trump and administration officials after he complied with a subpoena to testify in front of Congress during Trump's impeachment hearings. At the time of his retirement, Vindman's promotion to the rank of colonel had been abnormally stalled by the administration.
In February 2022, he unsuccessfully sued several Trump allies, alleging that they had intimidated and retaliated against him while he testified in Congress.

## Early life and education

Alexander Semyon Vindman (born Aleksandr Semyonovich Vindman) and his identical twin brother Yevgeny were born in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, to a Jewish family. After the death of their mother, the three-year-old twins and their older brother, Leonid, were brought to New York City in December 1979 by their father, Semyon (Simon). They grew up in the Brighton Beach neighborhood in Brooklyn. The twins appear briefly with their maternal grandmother in the Ken Burns documentary, The Statue of Liberty. Vindman speaks Ukrainian and Russian fluently. He graduated from Franklin Delano Roosevelt High School in 1993.
In 1999, Vindman graduated from the State University of New York at Binghamton with a bachelor of arts degree in history. He took part in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps while in college and received a second lieutenant's commission in the Army's Infantry Branch in January 1999. He later received a master of arts degree from Harvard University in Russian, Eastern European, and Central Asian studies. After departing from the National Security Council in 2020, Vindman pursued post-graduate studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and he received his doctor of international affairs degree in 2022. He continues to be a senior fellow at the SAIS Foreign Policy Institute. Vindman's doctoral dissertation focused on U.S. Foreign Policy toward Ukraine from 1991 to 2004.
In 2020, Vindman was appointed as the first Pritzker Military Fellow of the Pritzker Military Foundation. For two years, this fellowship supported Vindman's research, writing, and public discourse on subjects including national security, defense, civil-military relations, and public service. Starting in 2023, Vindman took on roles as a Hauser Leader and Senior Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership.

## Career

Vindman completed the Infantry Officer Basic Course (IOBC) at Fort Benning in 1999. The next year he was sent to South Korea, where he led both infantry and anti-armor platoons. In addition to overseas assignments to South Korea and Germany, Vindman is a combat veteran of the Iraq War, and he served in Iraq from September 2004 to September 2005. In October 2004, he sustained an injury from a roadside bomb in Iraq, for which he received a Purple Heart. He was promoted to the rank of major in 2008, and to lieutenant colonel in September 2015.
During his Army career, Vindman earned the Ranger Tab, Combat Infantryman Badge, Expert Infantryman Badge, and Parachutist Badge, as well as four Army Commendation Medals and two Defense Meritorious Service Medals. Beginning in 2008, Vindman became a Foreign Area Officer specializing in Eurasia. In this capacity he served in the U.S. embassies in Kyiv, Ukraine, and Moscow, Russia. Returning to Washington, D.C. he was then a politico-military affairs officer focused on Russia for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Vindman was on the Joint Staff at the Pentagon from September 2015 to July 2018.

### National Security Council

In July 2018, Vindman accepted an assignment with the National Security Council. In his role on the NSC, Vindman became part of the U.S. delegation at the inauguration of Ukraine's newly elected president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The five-member delegation, led by Rick Perry, United States Secretary of Energy, also included Kurt Volker, then U.S. Special Representative for Ukraine Negotiations; Gordon Sondland, United States Ambassador to the European Union, and Joseph Pennington, then acting chargé d'affaires.
Vindman was subpoenaed to testify before Congressional investigators on October 29, 2019, as part of the U.S. House of Representatives' impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump. He is the first White House official to testify who was on a July 25, 2019, telephone call between President Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, in which Trump asked Zelenskyy to investigate former Vice President Joe Biden's son Hunter Biden, while his father was campaigning for president. Based on his opening statement, obtained in advance by The New York Times, Vindman's testimony corroborates previous testimony from Fiona Hill, his former manager, and William B. Taylor Jr., acting Ambassador to Ukraine.
On October 28, 2019, Vindman's opening statement to a closed session of the House Intelligence Committee, House Foreign Affairs Committee, and House Oversight Committee was released, ahead of his testimony on the following day. Vindman testified that: "In Spring of 2019, I became aware of outside influencers promoting a false and alternative narrative of Ukraine inconsistent with the consensus views of the interagency", which was "harmful to U.S. national security" and also "undermined U.S. Government efforts to expand cooperation with Ukraine".
Vindman stated additionally that he was concerned by two events, both of which he objected to with senior officials in real time, and which he reported to the National Security Council's lead attorney. The first event occurred at a July 10 meeting between Ukraine's then Secretary of National Security and Defense Council Oleksandr Danylyuk, and then US National Security Advisor John Bolton, at which Ambassadors Volker and Sondland, and Energy Secretary Rick Perry were in attendance, and at which Sondland asked Ukraine to launch investigations into the Bidens in order to get a meeting with President Trump. Vindman states that Bolton cut the meeting short, and that both Vindman and Hill told Ambassador Sondland that his comments were inappropriate and reported their concerns to the lead counsel of the NSC.
The second event occurred on a July 25 telephone call between Presidents Trump and Zelenskyy. Vindman states, "I was concerned by the call. I did not think it was proper to demand that a foreign government investigate a U.S. citizen, and I was worried about the implications for the U.S. Government's support of Ukraine. I realized that if Ukraine pursued an investigation into the Bidens and Burisma, it would likely be interpreted as a partisan play which would undoubtedly result in Ukraine losing the bipartisan support it has thus far maintained. This would all undermine U.S. national security." Vindman also stated that he reported his concern to the NSC's lead counsel, John Eisenberg.
Vindman later testified in person before the US House of Representatives on November 19, 2019. In his testimony, Vindman stated that he made a report to an intelligence official about what he heard during Trump's call with the Ukrainian president and felt what the president mentioned during the telephone conversation was "improper". Because of his testimony, Vindman was denounced by Trump and repeatedly attacked by Republican lawmakers and television commentators. As a result, he reached out to the Army regarding his and his family's safety.
In his opening statement, Vindman assured his father that he had made the right decision in emigrating from the Soviet Union to the United States. Vindman stated, "In Russia, my act of ... offering public testimony involving the President would surely cost me my life. I am grateful for my father's brave act of hope 40 years ago and for the privilege of being an American citizen and public servant, where I can live free of fear for mine [sic] and my family's safety. Dad, my sitting here today, in the U.S. Capitol talking to our elected officials is proof that you made the right decision forty years ago to leave the Soviet Union and come here to United States of America in search of a better life for our family. Do not worry, I will be fine for telling the truth."
On February 7, 2020, Vindman told NSC colleagues he expected to leave the White House's National Security Council to return to the Department of Defense. Trump had earlier implied he might remove Vindman from his post. According to his attorney, later that day Vindman was escorted out of the White House. At the same time, his twin brother, Lieutenant Colonel Yevgeny Vindman, also was escorted off the White House grounds. Both had been slated for reassignment within the Army. Subsequent news reports indicated that Vindman had been chosen to attend the in-residence course at the United States Army War College during its 2020–2021 session.
On February 10, 2020, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) sent a letter in an apparent response to the removal of the two brothers that requested federal Inspectors General investigate possible retaliation against "anyone who has made, or in the future makes, protected disclosures of presidential misconduct". On February 13, Trump's former chief of staff, retired Marine General John Kelly, defended Vindman's actions and testimony. "He did exactly what we teach them to do from cradle to grave. He went and told his boss what he just heard", Kelly said.
During a panel discussion held on February 11, 2020, at the Atlantic Council, the president's National Security Advisor, Robert C. O'Brien said that it was his decision to transfer both Vindman brothers back to the Army for re-assignment and he denied that the move was ordered by Trump in retaliation for Vindman's testimony. "I can absolutely tell you that they were not retaliated against", O'Brien told the panel. O'Brien also disputed the move as being characterized as "fired" since both brothers remained on active duty. O'Brien noted that their transfer was part of a larger NSA staff reduction. He was contradicted by Trump, who tweeted that he had ousted Vindman for insubordination and for doing "a lot of bad things".

## Retirement and post-military career

On July 2, 2020, Senator Tammy Duckworth announced her intention to block Senate confirmation of more than one thousand military promotions unless defense secretary Mark Esper provided written confirmation that the Trump administration would not block Vindman's promotion to colonel. Less than a week later, Vindman announced through his attorney that he would be retiring from the U.S. military. Vindman's attorney, David Pressman, described "a campaign of bullying, intimidation, and retaliation" by the Trump administration as the reason for his client's retirement. On August 1, 2020, Vindman authored an opinion piece in the Washington Post addressing his retirement.
In 2021, Vindman published a memoir entitled Here, Right Matters that quickly became a New York Times bestseller. In his memoir, Vindman elucidates his role as a primary witness in Donald Trump’s first impeachment trial. He accentuates that speaking out about the July 25 call between Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelenskyy was not merely a decision, but a duty rooted in his citizenship and service in the armed forces. In February 2022, Vindman filed a lawsuit alleging that the defendants disseminated false allegations about him, including claims that he was a spy for Ukraine, leaked classified data to damage his reputation, falsely charged him with perjury, and orchestrated the dismissal of both him and his twin brother Eugene from their positions at the White House. The defendants in the lawsuit were Donald Trump Jr., Rudy Giuliani, former White House deputy chief of staff Dan Scavino, and former White House deputy communications director Julia Hahn. On November 8, 2022, the lawsuit was dismissed by Federal Judge James E. Boasberg, noting that "political hackery alone" isn't a violation of the law.
In November 2020, Vindman joined the staff of the national security blog Lawfare with a fellowship of the Pritzker Military Foundation. Along with pursuing a Doctor of International Affairs degree at the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies in 2021, Vindman assumed the position of an executive board member of the Renew Democracy Initiative. After January 2022, Vindman served as a senior advisor for VoteVets and started directing the Vet Voice Foundation’s national security and defense think tank, the Institute for Informed American Leadership (IIAL).
Following Russia's full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, Vindman repeatedly expressed support for effectively countering Russian malign influence and Russia's military aggression by fully supporting Ukraine. He also conducted lectures on the Russo-Ukrainian War at the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, the Ford School at the University of Michigan, and the University of Alberta.
In 2022, with Daniel Lubetzky, Alexander Vindman became the co-chair of the Global Democracy Ambassador Scholarship, which helps Ukrainian students who pursue their undergraduate degrees in the United States and abroad. The objective of the scholarship is to help Ukrainians continue their studies and educate their global peers on the fragility and importance of democracy. The program granted $1 million to support an initial group of Ukrainian scholars.
In March 2023, the Vindman brothers launched the project Trident Support, whose primary objective is to establish a weapon maintenance and training facility within Ukraine. Through Trident Support, the Vindman brothers hope to recruit 100–200 skilled Western contractors to work alongside Ukrainian troops near the front lines in providing training on how to repair battle-damaged equipment donated by Western nations. The goal of the project is to improve Ukraine’s defense capacity and accelerate the repair of military equipment so it no longer has to be taken from Ukraine to Poland or other NATO countries for major repairs.
In 2021 and 2024, Vindman appeared in the 11th season finale, "The Mormon Advantage", and later the series finale, "No Lessons Learned", of Curb Your Enthusiasm.
Vindman is a senior fellow at the Kettering Foundation, an American non-partisan research foundation.

## Personal life

Vindman is married to Rachel Vindman, née Cartmill. In 2020, Vindman and his wife Rachel appeared in an advertisement created by The Lincoln Project and VoteVets supporting Joe Biden's presidential campaign. The couple have one daughter, born in 2011.
His identical twin brother, Yevgeny S. "Eugene" Vindman, is a retired Army lieutenant colonel and Judge Advocate General's Corps officer who was assigned as an attorney on the National Security Council staff handling ethics issues, until he was dismissed from that post on February 7, 2020, at the same time as Alexander was removed from his NSC post; The Army promoted Yevgeny to colonel on March 16, 2021. The Defense Department inspector general found in May 2022 that the Trump administration unlawfully retaliated against Yevgeny for his role in revealing the Trump-Ukraine scandal. Their older brother, Leonid Vindman, also served as an Army officer.

## Military awards

At his retirement, Vindman received the Legion of Merit. Vindman's additional awards and decorations include the Purple Heart; Defense Meritorious Service Medal with bronze oak leaf cluster (2nd award); Meritorious Service Medal; Army Commendation Medal with three oak leaf clusters (4th award); Army Achievement Medal with two oak leaf clusters (3rd award); National Defense Service Medal; Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal; Global War on Terrorism Service Medal; Korea Defense Service Medal; Army Service Ribbon; Overseas Service Ribbon (4th award); Valorous Unit Award; Joint Meritorious Unit Award; Navy Unit Commendation; National Intelligence Meritorious Unit Citation; and Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. He is a recipient of the Combat Infantryman Badge; Expert Infantryman Badge; Ranger Tab; Basic Parachutist Badge; the Presidential Service Badge; and Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge.

## Filmography
### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2021, 2024 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Himself | Episodes: "The Mormon Advantage", "No Lessons Learned" |

## Works

* Vindman, Alexander S. (August 3, 2021). Here, Right Matters: An American Story. Harper. ISBN 978-0063079427. OCLC 1261635035.
* Vindman, Alexander (February 25, 2025). The Folly of Realism: How the West Deceived Itself About Russia and Betrayed Ukraine. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781541705043. OCLC 1482617958.