OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Disposable (album)

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
Disposable is a 1968 album by the UK underground group the Deviants.

## Critical reception

Trouser Press called the album "goodnaturedly weird."

## Track listing

* "Somewhere to Go" (Mick Farren, Duncan Sanderson)
* "Sparrows and Wires" (Sid Bishop, Stephen Sparkes)
* "Jamie's Song" (Mick Farren, Russ Hunter)
* "You've Got to Hold On" (Mick Farren, Russ Hunter, Sid Bishop)
* "Fire in the City" (Mick Farren, Duncan Sanderson)
* "Let's Loot the Supermarket" (Mick Farren)
* "Pappa Oo Mao Mao" (Al Frazier, Carl White, Sonny Harris, Turner Wilson Jr.)
* "Slum Lord" (Mick Farren, Sid Bishop)
* "Blind Joe McTurk's Last Session" (Mick Farren)
* "Normality Jam" (Dennis Hughes, Duncan Sanderson, M.J. McDonnell, Russ Hunter)
* "Guaranteed to Bleed" (Duncan Sanderson, Tony Ferguson)
* "Sidney B. Goode" (Sid Bishop)
* "Last Man" (Mick Farren)

## Personnel

* Mick Farren – vocals (tracks 1, 3, 4, 7–9, 13), 12-string guitar (track 9), organ (track 13)
* Sid Bishop – guitar (tracks 1–5, 7, 8, 10, 12), 12-string guitar (tracks 6, 13)
* Duncan Sanderson – bass (tracks 1, 3–8, 10, 11), vocals (tracks 4, 5, 11), choir (track 7), harmony vocals (track 8)
* Russell Hunter – drums (tracks 1, 3–8, 10, 11), hi-hat (track 2), vocals (tracks 4, 8), choir (track 7), effects (track 13)
with:
* M.J. McDonnell – bass (tracks 1, 8, 10), harmonica (tracks 4, 6, 9), choir (track 7), harmony vocals, (track 8), effects (track 13)
* Dennis Hughes – organ (tracks 1, 10), piano (tracks 6, 8, 11)
* Tony Ferguson – organ (tracks 1, 3, 11, 13)
* Steve Sparkes – narration (track 2)
* Dick Heckstall-Smith – tenor saxophone (track 5), brass arrangement (track 11)
* George – tenor saxophone (track 5)
* Pete Brown – trumpet (track 5)
* David "Boss" Goodman – vocals (track 7), choir (track 7)
* Jennifer Ashworth – choir (track 7)
* Karl Dallas – choir (track 7)
* Andy Johns - engineer
# Hannastown, Pennsylvania

Hannastown is an unincorporated community and important historical and archaeological site located in Hempfield Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Although the village is not tracked by the Census Bureau, it has been assigned the ZIP code 15635.

## History

The village was founded in 1773 as the seat of the newly created Westmoreland County and was known as "Hanna's Town". It was located along Forbes Road, the main route into the Ohio Country from eastern Pennsylvania, and named for Robert Hanna, an early settler whose tavern also served as Westmoreland County's first courthouse. Hannastown was settled primarily by Irish and Scotch-Irish, though the surrounding area was mostly Pennsylvania Dutch.
On July 13, 1782, in one of the final actions of the American Revolution, the settlement was attacked and destroyed by a British military detachment from Fort Niagara and British-allied American Indians led by Guyasuta. The county government was moved to Newtown, later known as Greensburg. The village was rebuilt, but after Forbes Road was rerouted through Greensburg, the settlement grew little, and eventually, most of it became farmland.
In 1899, the Jamison Coal & Coke Company opened a shaft-entry coal mine at Hannastown. The site (known as No. 2) also had a coke works and nearly 80 company-built houses for employees. The Alexandria branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad served it. Production at the mine peaked in the 1910s when the site employed as many as 635 people. It ceased operations in 1949.

### Historic Hanna's Town

In recent decades, what was Hanna's Town in the 1700s has been excavated, extensively restored, and rebuilt. Currently, the Historic Hanna's Town site includes the reconstructed Hanna Tavern/Courthouse, three vintage late 18th-century log houses, a reconstruction of the Revolutionary-era fort and blockhouse, a blacksmith shop, and a wagon shed housing an authentic late 18th century Conestoga wagon. The site is maintained and opened to the public by the Westmoreland County Historical Society and the Westmoreland County Parks and Recreation Department.
# The Loss of El Dorado

The Loss of El Dorado is a 1969 history book by V. S. Naipaul about Venezuela and Trinidad. The title refers to the legend of El Dorado.
Naipaul looks at the Spanish-British colonial rivalry in the Orinoco Basin, drawing on contemporary sources written in Spanish and English. The book examines the obsessive quest for gold which was typical of the first Europeans to explore the region. In particular, Sir Walter Raleigh's voyages are examined with a psychological depth more typical of novels than historical works.
In the second half of the book, the focus shifts to Trinidad under British colonial rule, where rather than a fruitless quest for gold deposits, the colonial power developed a plantation economy. Naipaul gives a lot of attention to the trial of Sir Thomas Picton for the torture of Luisa Calderón while he was serving as the Governor of Trinidad. He also looks at Venezuela's struggle for independence from Spain in the early 19th century.
Like most of Naipaul's work, "The Loss of El Dorado" has received considerable critical recognition. On publication, its admirers included the University of Cambridge historian John H. Plumb. However, Naipaul confessed to not being completely happy with his book. He reworked some of its material in a later book, A Way in the World, where historical narrative is treated in a different way, and is in part rendered as fiction.

## Translations

* La pérdida de El Dorado (Spanish translation by Flora Casas, Madrid 2001).
* Abschied von Eldorado (German translation)
# Rapator

Rapator is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Griman Creek Formation of New South Wales, Australia, dating to the Cenomanian age of the Cretaceous period. It contains only the type species, Rapator ornitholestoides, which was originally named by Friedrich von Huene in 1932.

## Discovery

The holotype and only known specimen, BMNH R3718, consists of a single left hand bone, discovered around 1905 near Wollaston, on Lightning Ridge. The fossil has been opalised. The meaning of the generic name is problematic. Von Huene gave no etymology. "Rapator" does not exist in Classical Latin and occurs only very rarely in Mediaeval Latin with the meaning "violator". One possible explanation is that von Huene, having been influenced by Latin raptare, "to plunder", mistakenly thought such a word actually existed with the meaning of "plunderer". It has also been considered a simple misspelling of, or confusion with, raptor, "seizer" or "thief". The specific name means "resembling Ornitholestes". Remains of a megaraptorid, nicknamed "Lightning Claw," were discovered in opal fields southwest of Lightning Ridge, Australia, may well represent more material of Rapator.

## Description

The bone has a length of seven centimetres. This manual element shows a prominent dorsomedial process, a feature shared with the much smaller Ornitholestes which occasioned the specific name. The process with Ornitholestes is much less distinctive though. On its upper end there is only one cotyle, from which von Huene deduced it must have been a metacarpal. However, several coelurosaurian groups lack a second cotyle on the first phalanx also. If Rapator had a build like Australovenator, it would have attained a considerable size: a body length of nine metres (30 ft) has been estimated.

## Classification

The type specimen of Rapator was originally described as a metacarpal I, a bone from the upper part of a theropod's hand. It was later noted that the bone is similar to a finger bone, the first phalanx of the first finger, of an alvarezsaur or of a primitive coelurosaurian similar to Nqwebasaurus. With the discovery of Australovenator, which had a similar metacarpal, Rapator was recognized as a probable megaraptoran. In fact, Australovenator and Rapator differ only in some small details of the bone and may be synonyms, though Agnolin and colleagues in 2010 considered Rapator a dubious genus (nomen dubium) due to its fragmentary nature. However, White et al. found differences between the hand bone of Rapator and the equivalent bone of Australovenator, supporting the distinction between the two. They also noted that the two genera come from formations separated chronologically by at least 10 million years, making them unlikely to be synonymous.
Rapator has been synonymised with Walgettosuchus, a theropod found in the same formation. As the latter is only known from a caudal vertebra, the identity cannot be proven.
# Talaiot

A talaiot, or talayot (Catalan pronunciation:), is a Bronze Age megalith found on the islands of Menorca and Majorca forming part of the Talaiotic Culture or Talaiotic Period. Talaiots date back to the late second millennium and early first millennium BC. There are at least 274 of them, in, near, or related to Talaiotic settlements and the Talaiotic chamber tombs known as navetas. Talaiots pre-date the megalithic structures known as taulas, which are usually found nearby. While some Talaiots are thought to have had a defensive purpose, the use of others is not clearly understood. Some believe them to have served the purpose of lookout or signalling towers, as on Menorca, where they form a network. Talaiots generally take the form of circular or square buildings, and they may have been used as dwellings or meeting places. The talayots on Menorca have been much less prone to weathering than the ones found on Majorca. Despite this, very few grave goods have been found in Menorcan talayots, leading historians to believe that the island had a poorer economy than its larger neighbor.
The first author to write about these structures was Juan Ramis in his book Celtic antiquities on the island of Menorca, which was published in 1818, and was the first book in the Spanish language entirely devoted to prehistory.
There are similar megalithic buildings found in other areas of the Western Mediterranean, though these are not necessarily related to talaiots. Examples include the "nuraghes" of Sardinia, the "torri" of Corsica, and the "sesi" of Pantelleria.

## Sites

Talaiotic sites include:
* Capocorb Vell, 12 km south of Llucmajor, Majorca: five talaiots and ancient village
* Ses Païsses, near Artà, Majorca
* Son Oleza dolmen, Majorca, discovered in 1999
* Bocchoris, Majorca
* Settlement at S'illot, Majorca
* Talatí de Dalt, Menorca
* Trebalúger, Menorca, dating from around 1500–100 BC: one of the oldest Talaiots on Menorca
* Trepucó, Menorca
* Torre d'en Galmés, Menorca

## Archaeology

In 2019 a well-preserved 3,200-year-old Bronze Age sword was discovered by archaeologists under the leadership of Jaume Deya and Pablo Galera at the Talaiot del Serral de ses Abelles in the Puigpunyent municipality of western Majorca. The archaeologists believe that the weapon was made when the Talaiotic culture was in decline. The sword will be on display at the Majorca Museum.
# Wellington caretaker ministry

King William IV had dismissed the Whig government of Lord Melbourne on 14 November 1834 and asked Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, to form a government but he declined, instead recommending Sir Robert Peel. Peel was in Sardinia at the time, so the Duke of Wellington took control of the government in a caretaker capacity until Peel returned and was able to form his government on 10 December.

## List of ministers

During the caretaker government there was no Cabinet.
Ministers :
| Office | Name | Date |
| Prime MinisterLeader of the House of LordsSecretary of State | Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | 17 November 1834 – 9 December 1834 |
| Lord Chancellor | John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst | 21 November 1834 |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer (interim) | Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman | 15 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | 21 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | James St Clair-Erskine, 2nd Earl of Rosslyn | 21 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | Edward Law, 2nd Baron Ellenborough | 21 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | William Wellesley-Pole, 1st Baron Maryborough | 21 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet | 21 November 1834 |
| Lords Commissioners of the Treasury | Joseph Planta | 21 November 1834 |
# Algerian BMPT-62

The BMPT-62, nicknamed the Mini Terminator after the BMPT Terminator, is an Algerian fire support vehicle developed after 2019 when the Algerian Military laid the foundation for kickstarting its military defense industry in order to design, build and manufacture "complex weapons" systems. the BMPT-62 was born by integrating the Russian Berezhok turret onto the chassis of the Soviet-era T-62 main battle tank. This innovative combination aims to enhance the capabilities of Algeria's armored forces by repurposing outdated equipment with modern technology.

## Development and design

In response to the obsolescence of its T-62 tanks, particularly due to the outdated 115mm 2A20 cannon and its ammunition, the Algerian People's National Army (ANP) sought to modernize these vehicles. Drawing from positive experiences with the BMPT-72 "Terminator" and the successful integration of the Berezhok turret on BMP-1 and BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles, Algerian engineers proposed the BMPT-62 concept. This involved replacing the T-62's original turret with the Berezhok turret, which is equipped with:
* A 30mm 2A42 autocannon
* Four 9M133 Kornet (locally known as "Barq") anti-tank guided missiles
* An AGS-30 automatic grenade launcher
* A PKT 7.62mm coaxial machine gun
This configuration enhances the vehicle's firepower and versatility on the battlefield. The vehicle has an operational range of 450 Km
Compared to the baseline BMP-2, the Berezhok is equipped with a far better sensor suite. The turret has received an automatic target tracker and a ballistic computer. According to KBP, the module fires up to two missiles in salvo mode in order to score a higher hit probability.

## Production and deployment

The conversion project was undertaken by Algeria's Central Logistics Base (BCL) in collaboration with Russia's KBP Tula design bureau, which supplied the Berezhok turret kits. The BCL managed the integration process, resulting in the transformation of approximately 200 stored T-62 tanks into BMPT-62s. These upgraded vehicles have been deployed within armored brigades to provide enhanced fire support.

## Operational history

The BMPT-62 made its public debut during rehearsals for Algeria's Independence Day military parade on July 5, 2022. A convoy of 12x BMPT-62s was showcased, highlighting the ANP's commitment to modernizing its armored capabilities through innovative solutions.

## Related developments

Algeria's initiative with the BMPT-62 reflects a broader trend of upgrading existing military assets to extend their service life and enhance combat effectiveness. Similar efforts include the adoption of the Berezhok turret on other platforms and the acquisition of BMPT-72 units, underscoring the ANP's strategy of leveraging both indigenous engineering expertise and international partnerships.
# Zhangzi County

Zhangzi County (simplified Chinese: 长子县; traditional Chinese: 長子縣; pinyin: Zhǎngzǐ Xiàn) is a county in the southeast of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changzhi.

## Climate

Climate data for Zhangzhi, elevation 951 m (3,120 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.9 (82.2) | 35.2 (95.4) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.4 (99.3) | 36.9 (98.4) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 30.5 (86.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 18.5 (65.3) | 37.4 (99.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.4 (43.5) | 12.6 (54.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 24.8 (76.6) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.2 (81.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.6 (51.1) | 4.1 (39.4) | 17.2 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) | −1.0 (30.2) | 5.1 (41.2) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 16.5 (61.7) | 10.5 (50.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | −2.9 (26.8) | 10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.3) | −6.5 (20.3) | −1.0 (30.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | 10.9 (51.6) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.1 (64.6) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.3 (52.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | −2.0 (28.4) | −8.1 (17.4) | 4.5 (40.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −13.5 (7.7) | −5.7 (21.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | 6.8 (44.2) | 11.5 (52.7) | 8.5 (47.3) | 0.1 (32.2) | −6.7 (19.9) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −24.1 (−11.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.8 (0.23) | 10.1 (0.40) | 12.3 (0.48) | 32.9 (1.30) | 59.0 (2.32) | 67.1 (2.64) | 137.4 (5.41) | 94.8 (3.73) | 67.1 (2.64) | 37.2 (1.46) | 19.3 (0.76) | 4.8 (0.19) | 547.8 (21.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 84.4 |
| Average snowy days | 4.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 19 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 58 | 58 | 53 | 53 | 55 | 63 | 78 | 80 | 76 | 68 | 63 | 58 | 64 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 164.3 | 165.4 | 194.3 | 219.7 | 240.9 | 215.5 | 196.7 | 186.9 | 164.1 | 173.8 | 167.8 | 168.6 | 2,258 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 53 | 53 | 52 | 56 | 55 | 49 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 56 | 51 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
# African Urban Youth Languages

African Urban Youth Languages is an umbrella term for languages formed and spoken in the urban areas of Africa that have resulted from language contact in their populations that has been caused by migration into cities in the latter part of the 20th century. It encompasses languages such as Camfranglais, Indoubil, Lingla ya Bayankee, Nouchi, and Sheng. There is some degree of linguistic prejudice against calling these languages, but they are not pidgins nor creole languages. The have been variously named "urban vernaculars" or "urban youth languages" in linguistic literature, although the name African Urban Youth Language, coined for a linguistics conference in Cape Town in 2013, has come to be the accepted name, not least because of the simplicity of its acronym AUYL.

## Broad terminology

The language classification here encompasses slangs and argots. In general, the label is applied by linguists based upon the language speakers' evident intents to create a linguistic identity of their own.
Similarly, the youth classification does not mean that only the young speak the language, but rather that the languages are founded in the sort of rebelliousness found in the young against the established, "standard", languages.

## Common features

One of the common features of AUYLs is that their speakers often are polyglots, and the languages are not created out of a need for a common language to bridge a communications gap.
Another is that almost all of their names are endonyms — they have not been named by outsiders. This is in contrast to youth languages from outside of Africa, where languages like Multicultural London English and Kiezdeutsch are named in other languages.
Some of the derivations of the names are:
* Indoubil is named from "Hindou" and "Bil", and implies the identity of an Indian version of Buffalo Bill.
* Nouchi's name comes from "nun sii", literally "nose skin", and implies "moustachioed tough guy".
* The name Camfranglais is a portmanteau of "Cameroun", "Fran&cced;ais", and "Anglais", i.e. Cameroon's mixture of French and English.
* Lingala ya Byankee is the language — "Lingala" — of Yankees, meaning American cowboys.
* Sheng is Swahili and English.
* Tsotitalla is the "taal" (language) of the "tsotis" (city slickers).
Borrowing from English is also common, as is applying metathesis to borrowed words (from English, French, and elsewhere) as a form of symbolic rebellion against the "normal" world's straightforward ways of borrowing.
# Martin Spelmann

Martin Spelmann (born 21 March 1987) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Danish 1st Division club Hvidovre IF.
Spelmann is a defensive midfielder, but can also play as a fullback and wingback, as well as on a wing position on the right flank.

## Career

He signed for Strømsgodset in February 2019, prior to the 2019 season, but was released from the club after one season.
After a year at Mjällby in Sweden, Spelmann returned to Denmark and signed with Hvidovre IF on 2 June 2021.
# The Jewish Independent

The Jewish Independent (TJI) is an Australian Jewish publication launched in 2024. Formerly known as Plus61J Media, the publication has served the Australian Jewish community since 2015.

## History

The rebrand was in response to the changes in global Jewish and media landscapes, to publish and facilitate news to a wider audience in various formats. Headquartered in Sydney, the platform produces independent news, opinions and multimedia content to analyze, inform, encourage debate and generate ideas about life from a Jewish perspective in Australia.
In 2020, to honor the legacy of Emeritus Professor Colin Tatz AO, a distinguished scholar and activist renowned for his work in combating racism and discrimination, Plus61J launched the Colin Tatz Oration. The annual event serves to recognize Tatz's work and reiterate his commitment to social justice for all Australians.
In September 2024, they partnered with the New Israel Fund (NIF) to host From International Courts: Assessing the Impacts of the Israel/Gaza War in Sydney, an event to discuss the roles of the International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court in the Israel-Gaza conflict, and the effects on Australia.
TJI also sponsored the inaugural ​The Young Jewish Writers Award in 2024. The award is part of the Shalom Australian Jewish Book Awards to recognize contemporary Jewish Australian writing, and the broader Sydney Jewish Writers Festival.
TJI has also been involved with and supported Limmud, the global Jewish education organization which began in 1980, since its first annual event outside of the UK in Sydney in 1999.

### Media

As TJI, they launched the “Ashamed to Admit” podcast, in 2024.
In the same year, they produced the film "Pita with Vegemite: An Israeli Australian Story”, which premiered at the historic Ritz Cinema in Randwick, Sydney as part of the Jewish International Film Festival.

## Recognition and honours

Plus61J received the NSW Premier’s Multicultural Communications Award for Best Audio Visual Report in 2022 for their 3 part video series, “Covid Courage: Stories of Sydney Jewry”, and in 2023 for “From their Perspective: Palestinian Citizens of Israel”.
In Australia, TJI’s work and writers have been acknowledged by publications Neos Kosmos, and the Australian Jewish News. Outside of Australia, Plus61J and TJI articles and work have been referenced in global publications such as The Forward, and The Atlanta Jewish Times.