OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wesoła, Mysłowice

Wesoła (German: Wessolla) is a dzielnica (district) of Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. In years 1962–1975 it was an independent town, but was in 1975 amalgamated with Mysłowice.
It has an area of 8,14 km$^2$ and in 2012 had a population of 8,108.

## History

The settlement was first mentioned in 1710. In the War of the Austrian Succession most of Silesia was conquered by the Kingdom of Prussia, including the village. It was affected by industrial development beginning in the second half of the 18th century. After World War I in the Upper Silesia plebiscite 437 out of 452 voters in Wesoła voted in favour of joining Poland, against 15 opting for staying in Germany. The village became a part of the Silesian Voivodeship in Second Polish Republic.
It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. Nazi Germany operated the Fürstengrube subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp in Wesoła in 1943–1945. On 19 January 1945, some 1,000 prisoners were sent by the SS on a death march towards Gliwice. There have been several cases of prisoners being killed during escape attempts or for simply taking news and food from Poles outside the camp. On 19 January 1945, some 1,000 prisoners were sent on a death march towards Gliwice. On 27 January 1945, the SS committed a massacre of the remaining prisoners of the subcamp, who were either shot or burned alive. 239 bodies were buried afterwards, while some 20 prisoners survived the massacre. After the war it was restored to Poland.
# Moses Raphael de Aguilar

Rabbi Moses Raphael de Aguilar (c. 1611 – 15 December 1679) was a Sephardic-Dutch rabbi, Hebrew Grammatician and scholar, who wrote more than 20 books on various topics : a commentary on biblical verses, a Hebrew grammar, books on Jewish law, and treatises on Aristotelian logic a classical Greek and Roman literature. He was an erudite classical scholar, an important lecturer at the Amsterdam Talmud Torah, taught at Ets Haim and ran a successful private school.

## Biography

Born c. 1611 in Portugal, his parents Abraham de Aguilar and Violante de Paz were Crypto-Jews, who moved to the Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War. It was there, that Moses briefly served as a teacher at the Amsterdam Talmud Torah, however in 1641, he, his wife Esther de Castro Tartas, his wife's nephew Isaac de Castro Tartas and about 600 other Dutch Jews, including Isaac Aboab da Fonseca moved to Brazil, following its Dutch colonization. It was in Brazil that he became the rabbi of the Magen Avraham congregation of Recife. Although Moses' time in Brazil was short, and following the Portuguese recolonization of the region, he alongside most of the Brazilian Jewish community returned to Amsterdam. On his return to Amsterdam, he opened a private Yeshiva where he wrote some 20 books, but only two were published in his lifetime. He died on December 15, 1679, in Amsterdam.

## Works and legacy

He introduced his students to the Trivium, the medieval and Renaissance curriculum of Liberal Arts for the study of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric, to educate future generations in the appreciation of literary composition. His knowledge of logic assisted the teachers of his time, such as Isaac Orobio and Menasseh Ben Israel, in adding understanding and elegant style to the arguments they contributed to the Republic of Letters. He possessed a good collection of Greek sources, like Aristotle and Plato; Latin sources, including Seneca, Virgil, Quintilian Horace, and most works of Cicero; and other universal authors such as Augustine. Book Three of his Treaty of Aristotle’s Logic (p. 137) proclaims the argument of his vision.

### Students

Moses de Aguilar had many students, some notable of which are:
* Menasseh ben Israel
* Isaac Orobio de Castro
* Joseph de la Vega
* Abraham Pereyra

### Works

Some of his most famous works are as follows:
* Epitome Grammatica hebrayca – a treatise on Hebrew grammar.
* Dinim de shehita y bedica – a basic overview of the rules of Shechita.
* Zekher Rab – a collection of all the Midrashim in the Talmud.
* Sefer Hama’asim – a collection of all the stories in the Talmud.
* Tratado da Immortalidade da Alma – a book written in response to the Jewish heretic Uriel de Acosta, who denied the principles of the Jewish faith.
# Pope's Folly Island

Pope's Folly Island (also called Harris' Island) is a small 2 acres (0.81 ha) island located 0.2 miles (0.32 km) from the Canadian Campobello Island, but has been historically disputed whether it belongs to Canada or the United States.
It has strategic value as it controls the entry to the channel, yet Canadian admiralty charts originally ceded it to the Americans, while US hydrographic charts ceded it to Canada.

## History

Zibah Pope lived in Eastport, Maine working as a smuggler before moving to Saint George, New Brunswick while establishing a "trading post" on the island in 1812, taking advantage of the fact the international border ran through the center of it, where he built a storehouse - before losing a fortune and becoming a preacher. In 1823, the island's peculiar legal nature became the crucial point of two smuggling cases. A more romantic telling says that Pope was a woman-hating bachelor who retired to the island to avoid women, until the day came that he found himself having to save the life of a drowning widow.
In 1898, the US appointed Mr. Mendenhall and Great Britain appointed Mr. King, to locate the 1842 cast iron columns set in swamps near Amity, Maine and Richmond, New Brunswick that officially marked the boundary of the Treaty of Washington and determine on which side of a line between them Pope's Folly would lay.
In 1903, embers from a fire at the Lubec Sardine Company ignited the brush on Pope's Folly and devastated its trees. In 1909, Captain Young's schooner Rebecca went aground on Pope's Folly by error, and required towing.
President William Taft visited the area in 1911, stopping to view the island whose jurisdiction had been granted to the USA, but did not visit the island. However a moose at that time swam ashore on the island, causing surprise.
# THC (disambiguation)

THC is tetrahydrocannabinol, the main active chemical compound in cannabis.
THC or ThC may also refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media

* THC (band), a trip hop band from California, US
* THC, an abbreviation for the film company The H Collective
* Texas Hippie Coalition, a rock band from Texas, US
* "The History Channel", now History (U.S. TV channel)
* The Human Centipede, 2009 Dutch independent body horror film

## Enterprises and organizations

* Taiwan Halal Center, an organization in Taipei, Taiwan
* Tenet Healthcare (NYSE symbol), US
* Texas Historical Commission
* The Hotel Collection
* Tower Hamlets College, in London, England
* Transport Holding Company, a British Government owned company of the 1960s

## Science

* Temperate herbaceous clade, a monophyletic clade of legumes
* Tetrahydrochrysene, an estrogenic and antiestrogenic compound
* Thermohaline circulation, an ocean current
* Thorium(IV) carbide (ThC)
* Total hydrocarbon content, a measure of the fraction of hydrocarbons in a fluid, measured using a flame ionization detector

## Other uses

* Tuyamuyun Hydro Complex, a system of interconnected reservoirs and a series of canals on the lower Amu Darya River, bordering Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
# Rakestraw House

Rakestraw House is a historic home located near Garrett in Keyser Township, DeKalb County, Indiana. It was built about 1915, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, Bungalow / American Craftsman style frame dwelling. It has a low pitched gable roof and large shed roofed dormer.$^{:Part1,p.25}$
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
# 2025 Nagpur violence

On March 17, 2025, communal violence erupted in Nagpur, Maharashtra, following demands by right-wing Hindu organizations to remove the tomb of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The unrest was sparked after members of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal staged a protest, during which they burned an effigy of Aurangzeb and chanted slogans calling for the tomb's removal.
The situation escalated after rumors spread that Quran was burned during the demonstration. This led to violent clashes in the Chitnis Park, Hansapuri, and Mahal areas of Nagpur. Residents reported that stones were thrown at their homes, and several vehicles, including cars and motorcycles, were set on fire. A clinic in Hansapuri was damaged, and multiple businesses were targeted amid the unrest.
Over 30 people, including several police officers, sustained injuries during the violence. In response, a curfew was imposed in the affected areas, and a ban on large gatherings was enforced to prevent further escalation and 50 people were arrested.
# Kyllie Cripps

Kyllie Cripps FAHA is an Australian Aboriginal Tasmanian sociologist who specialises in Aboriginal domestic violence. Originally a professor at the UNSW Faculty of Law and Justice, she is currently Professor at the Monash Indigenous Studies Centre at Monash University.

## Biography

Cripps was educated at the University of South Australia, where she received her BA in Aboriginal Affairs Administration in 1998 and BA with first-class honours in Aboriginal Studies in 1999, and at Monash University, where she received her PhD in arts in 2005. Her doctoral dissertation was titled Enough Family Fighting: Indigenous Community Responses to Addressing Family Violence in Australia and the United States, and was featured on the 22 September 2007 episode of ABC Radio Sydney's Speaking Out.
After spending some time working at the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation's Koori Health Research and Community Development Unit, Cripps started working at the UNSW Faculty of Law and Justice as a senior lecturer in 2010. She received her master's degree in criminology from University of Sydney in 2020. In 2022, she was promoted to associate professor, and in 2023, she moved to Monash University, where she became professor and the director of the Monash Indigenous Studies Centre.
As an academic, Cripps specialises in Aboriginal domestic violence, being known as a leading expert in the field. She uses intersectionality in her research, which otherwise has included identifying causes and solutions to domestic violence. Her work also includes creating safe spaces, supporting local communities and organisations, and teaching the next generation. While at UNSW, she served as co-convenor of their Gendered Violence Research Network. She was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 2023.
Cripps is an Aboriginal Tasmanian. She is married to John.
# Huis Ten Bosch (theme park)

Huis Ten Bosch (ハウステンボス, Hausu Ten Bosu) is a theme park in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan, which recreates the Netherlands by displaying life-sized copies of old Dutch buildings. The name Huis Ten Bosch translates into English as "House at the Woods/Forest". It is named after Huis ten Bosch in The Hague, one of the three official residences of the Dutch royal family. The park features many Dutch-style buildings such as hotels, villas, theatres, museums, shops, and restaurants, along with canals, windmills, amusement rides, and a park planted with seasonal flowers.

## Overview

Huis Ten Bosch opened on 25 March 1992, and is located around 12 km southeast of Sasebo on Hario Island, an area of reclaimed marshland on the main coastline of Kyushu facing Ōmura Bay. Its location in this area of the country reflects the historical relations between the Netherlands and Japan, which began in 1609 when a trading post was opened by the Dutch in Hirado, an island off the coast of Kyushu around 35 km northwest of central Sasebo.
Huis Ten Bosch is open daily from 9.00 AM to 9.30 PM between March and November, and from 9.00 AM to 8.30 PM between December and February. Huis Ten Bosch Station, operated by the Kyushu Railway Company, serves trains arriving from either Nagasaki or Sasebo. The park can also be reached by boat from Nagasaki Airport or Sasebo via Huis Ten Bosch Marina and Harbour.
The park recorded a peak attendance of 4.25 million visitors in 1996. However, the number of visitors later declined due to an economic slump in Japan, and the park declared bankruptcy in 2003 with debt of ¥220 billion. The rebuilding plan was sponsored by Nomura Principal Finance Company until March 2010, when H.I.S., a travel agency, took over the management by injecting ¥2 billion.
In 2015, the Henn na Hotel (変なホテル, Hen na Hoteru, lit. "Strange Hotel") opened at the park. It was recognized by Guinness World Records as the first robot-staffed hotel. The hotel proved unpopular and was refitted as the Hotel Rotterdam, reopening in October 2023.

## In popular culture

Huis Ten Bosch was used as the set for the 2022 Netflix limited television series Run for the Money.

## Gallery

* Replica of De Liefde [nl] which was the first Dutch ship to reach Japan in 1600 with William Adams and Jan Joosten
* Replica of a Dutch canal and the Dom Tower of Utrecht with New Year illumination.
# Ralls County Courthouse and Jail-Sheriff's House

Ralls County Courthouse and Jail-Sheriff's House is a historic courthouse, jail and sheriff's residence located at New London, Ralls County, Missouri. The courthouse was built in 1858 and is a two-story, T-shaped, Greek Revival style limestone building. An addition was constructed in 1936. It has a two-story, tetrastyle full-width portico topped by an unusually tall cupola. The Jail-Sheriff's House is a two-story, T-shaped limestone building with a one-story frame addition.$^{:2,9}$
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
# Halogeton glomeratus

Halogeton glomeratus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names saltlover, Aral barilla, and halogeton. It is native to Russia, Central Asia and China, but the plant is probably better known in the western United States, where it is an introduced species and a notorious noxious weed. This annual herb is a hardy halophyte, thriving in soils far too saline to support many other plants. It also grows in alkali soils such as those on alkali flats and disturbed, barren habitat. It can be found in sagebrush and shadscale habitat, and it grows well in areas with cold winters.
This plant produces a usually erect stem with several curving branches up to about 25 centimetres (9.8 inches) tall. It has a taproot reaching up to half a meter deep in the soil and many lateral roots. The branches are lined with narrow, fleshy, blue-green leaves each up to about 2 centimeters long tipped with stiff bristles. The inflorescences are located all along the stem branches next to the leaves. Each inflorescence is a small cluster of tiny bisexual and female-only flowers accompanied by waxy bracts. The winged, membranous flowers surround the developing fruit, which is all that remains on the plant when it is ripe, the leaves and flower parts having fallen away. The fruit is a pale cylindrical utricle. The plant produces large amounts of seeds, which are dispersed by many vehicles, including human activity, animals (including ants), water flow, wind, and by being carried on the dry plant when it breaks off at ground level and rolls away as a tumbleweed. The seeds have the ability to germinate within one hour after being exposed to water.
This herb is a pest on rangelands in the western United States. It has a high oxalate content, with up to 30% of the plant's dry weight made up of oxalate crystals, making it toxic to livestock that graze on it. It is especially toxic to sheep, which can be fatally poisoned by as little as twelve ounces (340 g) of the plant. Halogeton was first recognized as a danger to sheep in the 1940s after a rancher lost a herd of 160 sheep to poisoning. The oxalate causes acute hypocalcemia in the sheep, causing them to stagger, spasm, and finally die. Ingestion of a fatal dose of the plant can cause death in a sheep in under 12 hours. Ranchers often provide calcium-supplemented feed to sheep grazing on halogeton-infested land. Sheep are also able to adapt to halogeton in their diets over time, becoming sick from it less easily, and since it is hardly palatable they tend to avoid it in the first place when possible.
Halogeton is also destructive to the land of the American west because its excretion of mineral salts makes it harder for other plants to grow where it occurs. The growth of the plant is controlled by introducing certain nonnative plants, such as immigrant kochia (Kochia prostrata) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), which compete successfully with halogeton. Grazing practices are changed to assure that land is not denuded, since land which is disturbed by overgrazing is susceptible to halogeton invasion.
# Su Xun

Su Xun (Chinese: 蘇洵; 22 May 1009 – 21 May 1066) was a scholar, essayist and philosopher during the Song dynasty, listed as one of the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song, along with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe.

## Life and career
### Early life and education

Su Xun was born to an affluent family at Meishan, Sichuan Province. He began to diligently study at the age of 27 towards the civil service examination. He attempted the examinations for the Jinshi and Maocai (Xiucai) qualifications several times but failed all. At age 37, he shifted away from examination style writings emphasizing on rhythm and rigid formality, and embarked on over a decade of intensive study of classical literature and philosophy from the pre-Qin era including the Confucius and Mencius texts. Through self-teaching, Su Xun acquired a thorough understanding of classic scholarly discourses as well as historical events. He became capable of in-depth philosophical and political argument through essay writing. During his learning years, he simultaneously coached and guided his two sons in their study of history, literature, and philosophy, who would later grow to significant literati in the Song Dynasty.

### Career and accomplishments

In 1056, Su Xun, at age 47, accompanied by his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, went to the capital Bianjing, to meet the Hanlin academician Ouyang Xiu. He presented twenty-two essays to Ouyang Xiu containing his recommendation and insights on political, economical and military reforms. Ouyang highly appreciated his literary style, comparing it to that of ancient Confucian philosopher Xunzi. His fame flourished as scholars and officials in the capital eagerly read and emulated his writings.
In 1057, both of his sons passed the imperial examination with high scores, causing a sensation in the capital. However, their joy was short-lived due to the passing of Su Xun's wife, Lady Cheng. The news brought profound grief to the family. In 1058, Emperor Renzong of Song summoned him for an examination, but Su Xun excused himself due to poor health conditions.
Unlike his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, Su Xun remained under-accomplished in his political career, due to absence of official qualifications. Nonetheless, through diligent self-teaching, he has established himself as a master of prose writing and political philosopher. Zeng Gong remarked in his "Eulogy for Su Xun" (苏明允哀词）that Su Xun's prose balances grandeur with clarity, skillfully employs metaphors and analogies, and makes the abstract concept tangible, and distant ideas immediate. Contemporary scholar Wang Shuizhao compares Su Xun's writing style to that of Zhan Guo Ce for its abundance in political and diplomatic discourse. Unlike the pre-Qin diplomats who often argued for the sake of argument, Su Xun’s political and historical commentaries were intended to analyze, critique, and address the challenges of his time and the empire. Su's diction was both concise and powerful; he was meticulous in his word selection and assertive in presenting his thoughts and arguments.
# INC

INC may refer to:

## Organizations

* Indian National Congress, one of the two main political parties in India
* Indian Nursing Council
* Iglesia ni Cristo, an indigenous Christian religious organization originating in the Philippines
* Ijaw National Congress, a representative body formed in 1991 of Ijaw-speaking people
* Indian National Council, an organisation founded 1941 in Bangkok
* Insel Air, a former airline based in Curaçao (ICAO code INC)
* International Network of Churches, an Australian network of Pentecostal churches
* International Network of Crackers, a major warez organization during the early 1990s
* International Numismatic Council, an international co-ordinating body for numismatics,
* Iraqi National Congress, an umbrella Iraqi opposition group led by Ahmed Chalabi
* National Institute of Culture of Peru

## Other uses

* Interim National Constitution of the Republic of Sudan, 2005
* The (International) Noise Conspiracy, a Swedish rock band
* Yinchuan Hedong Airport, China (IATA code INC)
* INC, an instruction in some assembly languages
* Independent Network Charismatic Christianity
# Ram Island Ledge Light

Ram Island Ledge Light is a lighthouse in Casco Bay, Maine, United States, marking the northern end of the main channel leading the harbor of Portland, Maine.

## History

The Ram Island Ledges are a series of stone ledges, some of which break the waters at the southern end of Casco Bay, a short way south of Cushing Island. In 1855 an iron spindle was erected to protect sailors from these dangerous underwater ledges. The ledge continued to be the site of repeated shipwrecks. On February 24, 1900, the Allan Line steamship Californian (formerly named the State of California) ran aground on the ledge while en route from Portland to Glasgow, Scotland via Halifax, Nova Scotia. As a result of that accident, the United States Congress appropriated funds to build a lighthouse.
Construction began on May 1, 1903, and was completed in 1905. It is a twin of the Graves Light off Boston. The lighthouse was built of granite quarried from Vinalhaven, Maine. The lighthouse originally included a third-order Fresnel lens. The lighthouse was electrified in 1958, and then automated in 1959. The light was converted to solar power in January 2001. The Ram Island Ledge Light was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Ram Island Ledge Light Station on March 14, 1988, reference number 88000157.
In July 2010, Ram Island Ledge Light was put up for sale to the general public. The minimum bid was $10,000. The property had initially been made available at no charge to other government agencies, educational institutions, and non-profit organizations, but no interest was shown, so bids were opened to the general public. The winning bid, $190,000, came from Jeffrey Florman, a surgeon and resident of Windham, Maine.
* Ram Island Ledge Light
* The Ram Island Ledge Light is visible from the Portland Head Light