# Shihezi

Shihezi is a sub-prefecture-level city in Northern Xinjiang, China. It has a population of 380,130 according to the 2010 census. The city is also home to Shihezi University, the second-largest comprehensive university under the Project 211 in Xinjiang.
Shihezi is the headquarter of the 8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and currently administered by the 8th Division. The city implemented the "division and city integration" (师市合一, shī shì héyī) management system, it shares the same leader group with the 8th Division.

## History

In 1951, General Wang Zhen decided to build a new base for the People's Liberation Army and selected the location of current Shihezi. Zhao Xiguang (赵锡光) took charge in the development of the city, and established the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 1954.
Quasimilitary-structured farms surrounding Shihezi fueled the development of the city by producing materials for the factories that have been the economic drivers of the city. In 1974, Shihezi became a city.

## Administrative divisions

Shihezi contains 5 subdistricts, 2 towns, and a township-equivalent region:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code |
| Subdistricts ||||||
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭىشەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Yëngisheher kocha bashqarmisi | 659001001 |
| Xiangyang Subdistrict | 向阳街道 | Xiàngyáng Jiēdào | شياڭياڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Shyangyang kocha bashqarmisi | 659001002 |
| Hongshan Subdistrict | 红山街道 | Hóngshān Jiēdào | خۇڭشەن كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Xungshen kocha bashqarmisi | 659001003 |
| Laojie Subdistrict | 老街街道 | Lǎojiē Jiēdào | كونا بازار كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Kona Bazar kocha bashqarmisi | 659001004 |
| Dongcheng Subdistrict | 东城街道 | Dōngchéng Jiēdào | دۇڭچېڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى‎ | Dungchëng kocha bashqarmisi | 659001005 |
| Towns ||||||
| Beiquan Town (Shihezi Headquarters Farm of the 8th Division)* | 北泉镇 (第八师石河子总场) | Běiquán Zhèn | بېيچۇەن بازىرى‎ | Bëychuen baziri | 659001100 |
| Shihezi Town | 石河子镇 | Shíhézǐ Zhèn | شىخەنزە بازىرى‎ | Shixenze baziri | 659001101 |
| township-equivalent region ||||||
| 152nd Regiment Farm** | 一五二团 | 152 Tuán | 152-تۇەن‎ | 152-tuen | 659001500 |
| * One institution with two names. ** Administered by the 152nd Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. See also Tuntian#People's Republic of China. ||||||

## Demographics

Population by ethnicity – 2010 census :
| Ethnicity | Population | % |
| Han | 349,149 | 91.85% |
| Hui | 15,092 | 3.97% |
| Uyghur | 7,574 | 1.99% |
| Kazakhs | 3,042 | 0.80% |
| Tujia | 1,500 | 0.39% |
| Mongol | 624 | 0.16% |
| Manchu | 620 | 0.16% |
| Kyrgyz | 319 | 0.08% |
| Dongxiang | 306 | 0.08% |
| Xibe | 157 | 0.04% |
| Russian | 138 | 0.04% |
| Others | 1,609 | 0.43% |
| Total | 380,130 | 100% |

## Economy

Nowadays textile and food industries are the most important in Shihezi. The railway to Wusu and Ürümqi skirts the city, while a United Nations economic development project provided a high-quality highway system for the city. The textile industry is the primary employer, although the international trade environment on textiles has brought in fluctuations in employment. As a hub to surrounding farms, the city's destiny is currently tied with theirs. Sugar beets are cultivated near Shihezi. Cultivation of cotton in the farms was accelerated in the 1990s and now dominates the economy.
Shihezi is also home to a polysilicon factory of Daqo New Energy Corp., one of the largest polysilicon producers in the world.

## Geography and climate

Shihezi is located at the northern foothills of the middle part of the Tian Shan range approximately 136 kilometres (85 mi) from the regional capital of Ürümqi.
Although Shihezi is almost surrounded on the east, west and north by the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture (which also includes the city's eastern neighbor, the much older historically Hui town of Manas), it is not a part of it.
Located in an area further from the nearest seacoast than any other region on earth, Shihezi has a continental semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with a large temperature differences between summer and winter. Monthly average temperatures range from −15.3 °C (4.5 °F) in January to 25.3 °C (77.5 °F), and the annual mean temperature is 7.39 °C (45.3 °F). Precipitation is very low year-round, with an annual total of only 206 millimeters (8.11 in), compared to the annual evaporation rate, which is usually more than 1,000 millimeters (39 in).
Climate data for Shihezi, elevation 443 m (1,453 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) :
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) | 6.6 (43.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.4 (99.3) | 39.2 (102.6) | 42.2 (108.0) | 41.0 (105.8) | 39.4 (102.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 17.5 (63.5) | 8.3 (46.9) | 42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.0 (12.2) | −5.8 (21.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.0 (91.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 25.9 (78.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | −7.3 (18.9) | 14.4 (58.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.6 (3.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 13.5 (56.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 9.1 (48.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | −11.3 (11.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −15.3 (4.5) | −3.3 (26.1) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | −4.3 (24.3) | −15.0 (5.0) | 2.2 (35.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −36.5 (−33.7) | −30.5 (−22.9) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.5 (38.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | −8.9 (16.0) | −28.9 (−20.0) | −36.0 (−32.8) | −36.5 (−33.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 10.1 (0.40) | 11.0 (0.43) | 12.9 (0.51) | 29.0 (1.14) | 31.6 (1.24) | 22.1 (0.87) | 22.7 (0.89) | 21.3 (0.84) | 13.3 (0.52) | 18.4 (0.72) | 19.6 (0.77) | 14.2 (0.56) | 226.2 (8.89) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.4 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 9.7 | 82.4 |
| Average snowy days | 14.3 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 6.2 | 13.4 | 50.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 71 | 49 | 44 | 46 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 63 | 77 | 84 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 93.4 | 125.4 | 211.0 | 270.4 | 320.0 | 318.1 | 328.6 | 317.6 | 281.8 | 237.6 | 131.2 | 79.2 | 2,714.3 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 32 | 42 | 56 | 66 | 69 | 69 | 71 | 75 | 77 | 71 | 46 | 29 | 59 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration ||||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China ||||||||||||||
The Manas River forms the administrative border between Shihezi City and its eastern neighbor, Manas County. An extensive system of reservoirs (such as the Jiahezi Reservoir (夹河子水库; Jiāhézi shuǐkù, with the dam at 44°27′00″N 86°7′15″E﻿ / ﻿44.45000°N 86.12083°E﻿ / 44.45000; 86.12083) and irrigation canals has been constructed in the area, supporting irrigated agriculture.

## Education

Shihezi University is located in Shihezi. It is the second-largest university in Xinjiang, with approximately 40,000 students.

## Transport

Shihezi is served by China National Highway 312, the Northern Xinjiang and the Second Ürümqi-Jinghe Railways. Reconstruction of the Shihezi Huayuan Airport began in May 2012 and it reopened on 26 December 2015.