OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Leonardo Vitale

Leonardo Vitale (Italian pronunciation:; 27 June 1941 – 2 December 1984) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia who was one of the first to become an informant, or pentito, although originally his confessions were not taken seriously. Vitale was a "man of honour" or member of the Altarello di Baida cosca or family, Altarello being a small village just outside Palermo.

## Background

In 1960, at the age of 19, Vitale was affiliated with the clan mafia of Altarello, which was led by his uncle Giovanbattista "Titta". Vitale carried out extortions of construction companies on the orders of his uncle and his associate Giuseppe Calò, later being promoted to capodecina. In 1972, Vitale was arrested on suspicion of being implicated in the kidnapping of the manufacturer Luciano Cassina but was released after a week of isolation in the prison of Asinara. Whilst held in custody, he showed signs of depression that led to coprophagia and practised self-mutilation as his own act of contrition; doctors subjected him to electroconvulsive therapy.
On 29 March 1973, Vitale walked into a Palermo police station and declared that he was a member of the Mafia and confessed to various acts of extortion, arson and two homicides. In front of police officers he explained how a Mafia family is organised and revealed the existence of the Sicilian Mafia Commission, more than a decade before Tommaso Buscetta exposed Mafia secrets to judges who were prepared to listen. In explaining why he had turned himself in, something that was unheard of from a mafioso at that point, Vitale claimed to have had a spiritual crisis and wanted to unburden himself.
In 1977, Vitale's testimony led to 28 defendants being indicted, all of whom were acquitted due to lack of evidence and the doubt surrounding Vitale's mental state by pointing out his erratic behaviour, except for himself and his uncle who were imprisoned. While testifying against his fellow Mafiosi, Vitale reminisced about his life: "I have made a fool of my life, by the evil that has rained on me from the time I was a child... My sin was having being born into a Mafia family and of having lived in a society where everyone is a Mafioso and are respected for it; while those who are not are treated with contempt." Vitale spent most of his time in a mental asylum, before being released in June 1984.
On 2 December 1984, he was shot dead as he left a church after attending Mass with his mother and sister.

## Legacy

Later in 1984, Tommaso Buscetta became an informant and gave a vast amount of information on the Mafia in Sicily that subsequently backed up a lot of Vitale's own testimony.
Vitale's original written testimony was used in the Maxi Trial several years later, where Magistrate Giovanni Falcone declared that "it is to be hoped that at least after his death Vitale will get the credence he deserved." According to Falcone, the Mafia understood the importance of Vitale's revelations much better than the Italian justice system at the time and killed him when the moment was most opportune.
# Sean Reid

Sean Reid is an American politician serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, representing the 11th Essex District, which includes Lynn and Nahant. Reid also currently serves on the Lynn School Committee.

## Education and career

Reid was born and raised in Lynn, Massachusetts, where he attended public schools and graduated from Lynn Classical High School. He went on to earn degrees from North Shore Community College and Amherst College.
Reid’s first experience in government was as a constituent services intern for Governor Deval Patrick. He later worked for State Senator Brendan Crighton, serving in various roles, including communications director, district director, and legislative director.
Beyond his work in government, Reid has been actively involved in the community. He serves on the boards of My Brother’s Table and the YMCA of Metro North and is a co-founder of Kayak and Sail Lynn.

## Politics

As a first-time candidate, Reid was the top vote-getter in a field of twelve candidates for the Lynn School Committee.
In 2024, he successfully ran for the Massachusetts House of Representatives, winning the seat previously held by Representative Peter Capano.
In the 194th General Court, Reid is on the following committees:
* House Committee on Steering, Policy and Scheduling
* Joint Committee on Mental Health, Substance Use and Recovery
* Joint Committee on Public Health
* Joint Committee on Telecommunications, Utilities and Energy

## Personal life

Reid lives in West Lynn with his wife, Kelsey, a special education teacher in Lynn Public Schools, and their son, Jack.
As a child, Reid experienced housing insecurity and lived in a family shelter in Lynn.
# Mundy Regional Park

The Mundy Regional Park is a regional park located on the western edge of the Darling Scarp, approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of Perth in Western Australia. The 56-hectare (140-acre) park has commanding views of the Swan Coastal Plain, the city of Perth and surrounding suburbs. The park is managed by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## Location and features

The park contains the 50-metre (164 ft) Lesmurdie Falls, formed by Lesmurdie Brook emptying over the Scarp, and the surrounding riparian and heath vegetation. Wandoo, jarrah and marri trees can all be found within the park. A gravity hill exists near the carpark on Palm Terrace.
The Mundy Regional Park has multiple walking and running trails of varying difficulty and is popular for walking and running. The walking trails include: Lesmurdie Brook Loop, Lewis Road Walk, Palm Terrace Walk,Xanthorrhoea Trail, Whistlepipe Gully.
Some sections allow horse riding and off-road cycling.
# NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series at Lime Rock

The LiUNA! 150 is an events in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series that will take place at Lime Rock Park in Connecticut starting from the 2025 season.

## History

On August 29, 2024, the 2025 schedule released announcing a race at Lime Rock. The Laborers' International Union of North America (LiUNA) was announced as the inaugural title sponsor for the race.

## Past winners

| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Race Distance | Race Distance | Race Time | Average Speed (mph) | Ref |
| Year | Date | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Laps | Miles (km) | Race Time | Average Speed (mph) | Ref |
| 2025 | June 28 | | | | | | | | | |
# VSdocman

VSdocman is a documentation generator that allows for code commenting and the automatic generation of technical documentation from C# and VB .NET projects. It is directly integrated in Visual Studio as an extension.

## Overview

VSdocman is an extension for Visual Studio 2022, 2019 and 2017. It consists of two main parts - documentation compiler and comment editor. The compiler produces the final class documentation in various formats. The comment editor provides tools for semi-automatic inserting or editing the XML comments that are used by the compiler.

## Documentation compiler

Based on user settings, VSdocman scans the code in Visual Studio projects and automatically creates the documentation. This can be done directly from VS UI or from a command line, e.g. in an automated build. The documentation follows the MSDN style with table of contents, index, API class documentation and custom topics, cross-references, search, IntelliSense and F1 context-sensitive help.
Since the compiler has access to the Visual Studio project, it can include also the source code and class diagrams (.cd files) in the documentation. Projects can be documented separately or a single documentation for entire solution can be generated.
The format of output documentation is configurable. The predefined formats are:
* HTML
* CHM (HTML Help)
* Markdown
* Docx
* PDF
* Microsoft Help Viewer
* Microsoft Help 2
* XML
The output can be localized and some languages are already included.

## Comment editor

VSdocman can read XML comments from the source code. Editing the comments manually may be a difficult task. Therefore, it contains WYSIWYG comment editor which helps writing XML comments and custom topics. It is possible to insert tables, lists, pictures, class diagrams, links and other formatting directly into the source code. Based on the code member type, user can specify the default comment for it. This comment will be automatically added when the user adds or edits the comment for the first time. For example, the "Gets or sets a value indicating whether ..." summary text is automatically generated for boolean properties.

## History

Originally, VSdocman was named VBdocman .NET because it evolved from VBdocman. VBdocman .NET only supported Visual Basic .NET. It was renamed to VSdocman after adding support for C# in 2006.
# Jurate Rosales

Jūratė Regina Statkutė de Rosales (9 September 1929 – 4 September 2023) was a Lithuanian-born Venezuelan journalist and amateur historian. She published studies in Venezuela, Spain, the United States, and Lithuania in which she claims that the Goths were not a Germanic but a Baltic people.

## Biography

Jūratė Regina Statkutė de Rosales was born on 9 September 1929 in Kaunas, Lithuania, and lived with her parents, at least partly in Paris, until 1938. Her father, Jonas Statkus, was head of the State Security Department of Lithuania until he was arrested on 6 July 1940 along with Augustinas Povilaitis, General Kazys Skučas, and several other high officials after the Soviet ultimatum to Lithuania. He was sent to Butyrka prison in Moscow where it is presumed he died on an unknown date.
After the end of the Second World War, Rosales moved to France where she learned Latin and French, receiving a degree as a teacher of French. She continued her studies at Columbia University in New York, where she taught English, Spanish, and German. In 1960 she married Venezuelan engineer Luis Rosales; they raised five children—Luis, Juan, Sarunas, Rimas, and Saulius—in a multi-lingual household, using both Spanish and Lithuanian. Starting in 1983 she held the position of editor-in-chief of the Venezuelan opposition magazine Zeta, in addition to writing for Venezuelan daily paper El Nuevo País and the Cleveland-based Dirva. She held an honorary doctorate from the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences.
Rosales died in Caracas on 4 September 2023, at the age of 93.

## Hypothesis on the Goths being Baltic

Rosales published studies in the United States, Spain, Venezuela, and Lithuania supporting the idea that the Goths were a Baltic, not Germanic people. Rosales traced her research on the controversial hypothesis back to 17th-century Prussian scholar Matthäus Prätorius who is thought to have first proposed the idea, which was supported by several Lithuanian historians including Simonas Daukantas and Česlovas Gedgaudas as well as linguist Kazimieras Būga.
The idea has been heavily criticized by other academics such as Zigmas Zinkevičius as pseudohistory primarily driven by nationalist, not academic concepts. Professors Alvydas Butkus and Stefano M. Lanza make similar criticisms of her methodology, to the point of accusing her of twisting the meaning of sources and using "nonexistent" Lithuanian words. In response to Butkus and Lanza, de Rosales pointed out they lacked depth of knowledge when analysing her texts and that they only focused on one page of the book, ignoring the rest.
# William Barlow (geologist)

William Barlow FRS (8 August 1845 – 28 February 1934) was an English amateur geologist specialising in crystallography.
He was born in Islington, in London, England. His father became wealthy as a speculative builder as well as a building surveyor, allowing William to have a private education. After his father died in 1875, William and his brother inherited this fortune, allowing him to pursue his interest in crystallography without the need to labour for a living.
William examined the forms of crystalline structures and deduced that there were only 230 forms of symmetrical crystal arrangements, known as space groups. His results were published in 1894, after they had been independently announced by Evgraf Fedorov and Arthur Schönflies, although his approach did display some novelty. His structural models of simple compounds such as NaCl and CsCl were later confirmed using X-ray crystallography.
He served as the president of the English Mineralogical Society from 1915 until 1918.
He died in Great Stanmore, Middlesex, England.

## Awards and honours

* Fellow of the Royal Society, 1908.
* The wrinkle ridge Dorsa Barlow on the Moon was named after him.
* The mineral barlowite, Cu$_4$FBr(OH)$_6$, approved in 2010, was named in his honor.
# Panrkhash

Panrkhash (also known as Panrakhash) is a traditional Armenian dish that consists of lavash bread, cheese, onions, and boiled water. The name "Panrkhash" translates from Armenian as "boil the cheese" (Armenian: պանրխաշ).
The main ingredient in Panrkhash is Armenian chechil, a semi-soft, salty cheese typically made from a mixture of goat, sheep, and cow's milk. Other ingredients include unsalted butter, thin lavash flatbread, finely diced caramelized onions, and hot water. The dish is prepared by layering the chechil and lavash in a ramekin or clay bowl, then adding sautéed onions and hot water before baking the mixture until golden brown.
Panrkhash is particularly popular in Shirak Province, Armenia, and is especially associated with the city of Gyumri, the country's second-largest city. In Gyumri, a festival known as the Panrkhash Festival is held each summer to celebrate the dish.
# Emirate of Diriyah

The Emirate of Diriyah (Arabic: إِمَارَةُ الدِّرْعِيَّةِ, Imārat Dir'iyyah), also known as the first Saudi state, was established in February 1727 (1139 AH). In 1744, the emir of a Najdi town called Diriyah, Muhammad bin Saud, and the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab signed a pact to found a socio-religious reform movement to propagate the Wahhabi religious doctrine under the political leadership of the House of Saud.

## History
### Early establishment

The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd, and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman. Saud's forces also captured the highlands of 'Asir, while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to join jihad. After many military campaigns, Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765, leaving the leadership to his son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad. Saud's forces went so far as to gain command of the Shi'a holy city of Karbala in 1801. Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5,000 civilians. In retribution, Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803, having followed him back to Najd.
Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792. In 1803, eleven years after his death, the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad, Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud, sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule. Ta'if was the first city to be captured, and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina. This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire, which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517.

### Decline of sovereignty

The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, by the Ottomans. This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War, in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea. His son, Ibrahim Pasha, then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd, capturing town after town. Saud's successor, his son Abdullah bin Saud, was unable to prevent the recapture of the region. Finally, Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818. Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud to Egypt and the Ottoman capital, Istanbul. Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus, marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State. However, both the followers of the Wahhabi movement and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed. They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891, and later a third state, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day.

## List of rulers

* Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1727–1765 (1139–1179 H)
* Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 (1179–1218 H)
* Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 (1218–1229 H)
* Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 (1229–1233 H)
# Deep River Waterpark

Deep River Waterpark is a seasonal summer outdoor water park that operates from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day, and winter ice skating rink operated by the Lake County Parks and Recreation Department in Crown Point, Indiana. Deep River Water Park features 14 attractions and is the second largest publicly owned waterpark in the United States.
It is located on U.S. 30 just east of Interstate 65 and just northeast of the Lake County seat Crown Point, and features two lazy rivers and a variety of slides and a wave pool.

## History

In 1988 the Lake County Parks and Recreation Department conducted an intensive research during its five year park and open space plan. In 1995 Deep River Water Park Open to the public with a wave pool, two body slides, one tube slide, slow river ride, and children's play zone.

### Expansion (1996–2005)

In 1996 the park demanded the storm a 3 dark ride slide 3 years later in 1999 it expanded yet again for the new water slide The Dragon a speed slide that stands taller than any slides at the park after the end of 2004 Deep River Water Park did yet another expansion in 2005 the park opened with Action River, Mayor Brydovich Courthouse, Dueling Bowl Slides, more food stands, visitor assembles, New Main Entrance & Ice Skate Rink at the plaza during the winter located at the plaza

### New era of slides

In 2017 the Kraken, a six tube mat racer water slide was added and handles up to five people having a height requirement of 46 inches, along with the dragon.

## Restaurants, attractions & water slides

As of 2024 Deep River Water Park has 14 attractions.

### Summer season
#### Lazy rivers and slides (including the wave pool)

| Name | Year Opened | Year Closed | Notes |
| The Kraken | 2017 | Current | Replaced a volleyball court |
| The Storm | 1996 | Current | Three dark slides and is a tube ride water slide with water at the end |
| The Dragon | 1999 | Current | The tallest and fastest water slide at the park |
| Action River | 2005 | Current | A lazy river just behind the Mayor Brydovich's Courthouse |
| Mayor Brydovich Courthouse | 2005 | Current | Two water slides, one green, one blue, green underneath the bucket. Blue next to green. Themed to a wacky courthouse with crooked windows. Previously with straight windows lining up, in 2012 they replaced each. |
| Double Dueling Cannonbowl | 2005 | Current | Two pairs of bowl water slides |
| BAYOU river ride | 1995 | Current | Opened with the park |
| Rip Tide Wave pool | 1995 | Current | Opened with the park |
| Body & tube Slides | 1995 | Current | Opened with the park |
| Children's Playland | 1995 | Current | Features sandboxes and a water playground |

### Winter time

During the winter time Deep River Water Park does have a plaza for an ice skate rink close to the main entrance.

### Restaurants

Dippin' Dots located close to Action river.
Surfside cafe.
# Athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics – Men's marathon B1

The Men's marathon B1 was a marathon event in athletics at the 1992 Summer Paralympics, for totally blind athletes. It was contested by seven athletes from six countries. Among them was defending champion Joerund Gaasemyr, of Norway, who had won the race in 1988 with a world record time of 2:45:48. Also competing was his compatriot Tofiri Kibuuka, who had previously represented his native Uganda at the Winter Paralympics, and had been the first African athlete at the Winter Games.

## Results

| Place | Athlete | Time |
| 1 | Carlo Durante (ITA) | 2:50:40 |
| 2 | Tofiri Kibuuka (NOR) | 2:51:34 |
| 3 | Steve Brooks (CAN) | 2:59:16 |
| 4 | Faustino Blanco (ESP) | 3:01:41 |
| 5 | Joerund Gaasemyr (NOR) | 3:04:18 |
| 6 | Harumi Yanagawa (JPN) | 3:09:29 |
| 7 | Pablo Astoreca (ARG) | 3:12:10 |
# Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan

Muttahida Qaumi Movement (Pakistan) (Urdu: متحدہ قومی موومنٹ (پاکستان) Muttahidah Qọ̄mī Mūvmaṅṫ Pākistān abbr. MQM-P) is a social liberal, Muhajir nationalist, and secularist political party. The leader of the party is Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui. The party's symbol is the kite. It is mostly active in Karachi where the majority of Muhajirs currently reside. The party aims to represent the Human rights of Muhajirs in Pakistan through peaceful and democratic struggle. The Party is a splinter faction of MQM-L.

## History

The party came into existence due to a split within the MQM-L, and was founded as a separate party by Farooq Sattar, who split it from MQM founder and leader Altaf Hussain. The faction was announced after Sattar's release from custody by the Pakistan Rangers a paramilitary organization.

## Election campaigns

MQM-P participated in two major by-elections since its formation, but was defeated in both.

### Senate of Pakistan

| Election | Leader | Seats | Seats | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| Election | Leader | # | ± | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| 2018 | Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui | 5 / 104 | 1 | 5th | Opposition Coalition |
| 2021 | Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui | 3 / 100 | 2 | 6th | Opposition Coalition |
| 2024 | Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui | 3 / 100 | 1 | 6th | Coalition Government |

### National Assembly

| Election | Leader | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| Election | Leader | # | % | # | ± | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| 2018 | Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui | 733,245 | 1.38 | 7 / 342 | 17 | 8th | PTI Coalition (2018 - 2022) PDM Coalition (2022 - 2024) |
| 2024 | Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui | 1,119,962 | 1.89 | 22 / 336 | 14 | 8th | Coalition Government |

### Sindh Assembly

| Election | Leader | Votes | Votes | Seats | Seats | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| Election | Leader | # | % | # | ± | Position | Resulting Coalition |
| Election | Leader | 2018 | Khawaja Izharul Hassan | 766,789 | 7.65 | Position | Resulting Coalition | 21 / 168 | 30 | 3rd | Opposition Coalition |
| 2024 | Ali Khursheedi | 905,896 | 7.99 | 37 / 168 | 15 | 2nd | Coalition Government |

## Merger with PSP

On 8 November 2017, MQM-P and PSP announced an "establishment-sponsored" merger. However it took a long time before PSP merger was announced by Syed Mustafa Kamal during a MQM convention with Farooq Sattar and Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui on 12 January 2023 before the 2023 local government elections in Sindh.

## Party desertion

Many MQM lawmakers left the Sattar faction in the past, including deputy mayor Arshad Abdullah Vohra.

## PIB vs Bahadurabad faction

MQM-Pakistan was further divided into the Farooq Sattar (PIB) and Bahadurabad factions.