OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ángela Jiménez

Ángela Jiménez, alias Lieutenant Ángel (1886–1990, Jalapa del Marqués) was a soldadera (woman fighter) during the Mexican Revolution. She performed different duties such as a flag bearer, spy and sometimes cook. She was also an expert in explosives.
Angela left the state of Oaxaca and fought in the center and north of the country with the villaistas and Zapatistas.

## Biography

Jiménez was the daughter of a Zapotec mother and a Spaniard. Some sources indicate that she held a political position in Tehuantepec. Others indicate that it was her father who held that position.
In 1911, federal soldiers searched her home for rebels and tried to rape her sister, who with a pistol first killed the soldiers and then shot herself. After witnessing this, Ángela Jiménez swore to kill federals. She dressed as a man and called herself Angel.
She joined the Mexican Revolution along with her father and reached the position of lieutenant even though her colleagues knew she was a woman.
With a gunshot wound, she left the army and emigrated to Texas and then California, where she was one of the founders of the organization "Veterans of the Revolution" in California (1910 – 1990). She was also a defender of Chicano Rights in the United States.
It is believed that her revolutionary life was the model used by Elena Poniatowska to draw the character of Jesusa Palancares in "Hasta no verte Jesús mío [es]".
Ángela Jiménez died in 1990.
# Connective (botany)

In botany, the connective is the portion of sterile (i.e. nonreproductive) tissue of the anther between and interconnecting the two thecae, which forms a body with them and holds them together. It is usually underdeveloped and it is subject to great diversity of form, causing the thecae to protrude prominently. In some primitive angiosperms, the entire stamen may be more or less foliaceous, and the connective may be highly developed, causing the thecae to be widely separated. It appears to be analogous to the midrib of a leaf, and is only absent when an anther is strictly one-celled; that is to say, when the whole of the interior of the end of the stamen is converted into pollen. In some cases, the tissue has appendages of various shapes that are of structural importance (e.g., in the Melastomataceae or Prostantheroideae).
# Puddling (civil engineering)

Puddling is a traditional civil engineering technique used to create watertight barriers in canals, reservoirs, and earthworks by compacting clay to prevent water leakage. The process involves kneading, mixing, and compacting clay—often with water—to form an impermeable layer known as puddle clay. This method has historically been essential in the construction of canals, dams, and embankments, particularly before the development of modern waterproofing materials.
Puddling was widely used during the 18th and 19th centuries, notably in the construction of Britain’s canal network, where engineers such as James Brindley and Thomas Telford employed it to line waterways and prevent seepage. Although largely replaced by modern materials like concrete and synthetic liners, puddling remains relevant in the restoration of historic structures and some environmentally sensitive projects where natural materials are preferred.

## Puddle clay as a lining

Puddling is used in maintaining canals or reservoirs on permeable ground. The technique of puddling and its use was developed by early canal engineer James Brindley; it is considered his greatest contribution to engineering. This processed material was used extensively in UK canal construction in the period starting circa 1780. Starting about 1840 puddle clay was used more widely as the water-retaining element (or core) within earthfill dams, particularly in the Pennines. Its usage in UK dams was superseded about 1960 by the use of rolled clay in the core, and better control of moisture content.
A considerable number of early notable dams were built in that era and they are now sometimes referred to as the 'Pennines embankment' type. These dams are characterized by a slender vertical puddle clay core supported on both sides by earthfill shoulders of more heterogeneous material. To control under-seepage through the natural foundation below the dam, the Pennines embankments generally constructed a puddle clay-filled cutoff trench in rock directly below the central core. Later construction often used concrete to fill the cutoff trench.
To make puddle, clay or heavy loam is chopped with a spade and mixed into a plastic state with water and sometimes coarse sand or grit to discourage excavation by moles or water voles. The puddle is laid about 10 inches (25 cm) thick at the sides and nearly 3 ft (0.91 m) thick at the bottom of a canal, built up in layers. Puddle has to be kept wet in order to remain waterproof so it is important for canals to be kept filled with water.
The clay is laid down with a tool called a 'punner', or 'pun', a large rectangular block on a handle about 5 feet (1.5 m) long, or trodden down, or compacted by some other means (e.g. by an excavator using the convex outside of its scoop, or, historically, by driving cattle across the area).

## Puddle as a building material

Puddle clay or puddle adobe is often called cob. Cob has added ingredients of a fibrous material to act as a mechanical binder.
# Anthony Rainbow

Anthony Rainbow is a Gaelic football manager and former player from County Kildare, Ireland. He played with the Kildare county team for almost 20 years, winning two Leinster Senior Football Championship medals, in 1998 and 2000. He played in the 1998 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final, which Kildare lost to Galway. He won an All Star in 1998. He also won an O'Byrne Cup medal in 2003. He played for Ireland in the International Rules Series in 2001. He announced his retirement after Kildare's defeat to Down in the 2010 All-Ireland SFC semi-final.
In late 2012, he was appointed manager of the senior Carlow county football team, having been a member of the backroom team.
Rainbow was managing Dublin club Ballyboden St Enda's during the COVID-19 pandemic, at which time he was held within County Kildare to stop the spread.
He was part of manager Glenn Ryan's Kildare backroom team from October 2021.

## Honours

* 2 Leinster Senior Football Championships (1998, 2000)
* 2 Kildare Intermediate Football Championships (1989, 2007)
* 1 All Stars Award (2000)
* 1 International Rules Series (2001)
# Tenkaichi: The Greatest Warrior Under the Rising Sun

Tenkaichi: The Greatest Warrior Under the Rising Sun (テンカイチ 日本最強武芸者決定戦, Tenkaichi: Nihon Saikyō Bugeisha Ketteisen) is a Japanese manga series written by Yōsuke Nakamaru and illustrated by Kyōtarō Azuma. It began serialization on Kodansha's Young Magazine the 3rd manga magazine in January 2021. After the cancellation of the former manga magazine, it was later transferred to Monthly Young Magazine in May the same year.

## Publication

Written by Yōsuke Nakamaru and illustrated by Kyōtarō Azuma, Tenkaichi: Nihon Saikyō Bugeisha Ketteisen was initially serialized in Kodansha's Young Magazine the 3rd from January 6 to April 6, 2021, when the magazine released its final issue. It was later transferred to Monthly Young Magazine beginning on May 20 that same year. Its chapters have been collected into ten tankōbon volumes as of November 2024.
The series is published in English on Kodansha's K Manga app.
| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| 1 | June 18, 2021 | 978-4-06-523030-5 |
| 2 | September 17, 2021 | 978-4-06-524755-6 |
| 3 | January 20, 2022 | 978-4-06-526737-0 |
| 4 | May 6, 2022 | 978-4-06-527783-6 |
| 5 | September 20, 2022 | 978-4-06-529071-2 |
| 6 | January 19, 2023 | 978-4-06-530417-4 |
| 7 | July 20, 2023 | 978-4-06-532348-9 |
| 8 | December 20, 2023 | 978-4-06-534077-6 |
| 9 | May 20, 2024 | 978-4-06-535649-4 |
| 10 | November 20, 2024 | 978-4-06-537517-4 |
| 11 | April 18, 2025 | 978-4-06-539238-6 |

## Reception

The series was nominated for the eighth Next Manga Awards in the print category in 2022.
# FC Paradiso

1917 Football Club Paradiso, commonly referred to as FC Paradiso, or colloquially as Paradiso, is a football based in Paradiso Municipality, Ticino, Switzerland. The club competes in the Swiss Promotion League, the third division of the Swiss football league system.

## History

FC Paradiso was founded on 1 September 1917, by people in the area, with "the aim of practicing and promoting the game of football". In the 2023-24, the ongoing edition of the Swiss Promotion League, Paradiso are set to make their highest ever finish, at third in the third division

## Current Squad

    As of 27 January, 2025
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 1 | GK | SUI | Yannis Pala |
| 2 | MF | ITA | Ezequiel Schelotto (c) |
| 3 | DF | SUI | Noah De Queiroz |
| 4 | DF | SUI | Samuel Delli Carri |
| 5 | DF | SUI | Santiago Miranda |
| 7 | MF | MKD | Ardit Destani |
| 8 | MF | SUI | Jarell Njiké Simo (on loan from Servette) |
| 9 | FW | SUI | Merlin Hadzi |
| 10 | FW | SUI | Evan Rossier |
| 11 | MF | SUI | Leonit Sahitaj |
| 12 | DF | ITA | Mattia Cinquini |
| 13 | GK | GNB | Maurice Gomis |
| 18 | FW | SUI | Elton Morina |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 20 | MF | ROU | Andrei David |
| 22 | MF | ALB | Katriel Islamaj |
| 24 | MF | ITA | Tommaso Centinaro |
| 28 | FW | POR | Gonçalo Figueiredo |
| 30 | FW | ITA | Michele Foglia |
| 39 | MF | FRA | Oan Djorkaeff |
| 54 | DF | SUI | Liam Bollati |
| 67 | DF | SUI | Mikail Akdemir (on loan from Schaffhausen) |
| 70 | MF | ITA | Giuseppe Macario |
| 77 | DF | BRA | Arthur Diniz |
| 88 | GK | GRE | Armand Demalija |
| 99 | DF | SUI | Kiswend Tologo (on loan from Servette) |
| — | MF | SUI | Stefano Guidotti |

### Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| 19 | DF | ITA | Yassin Sbai (at Lugano U21 until 30 June 2025) |

## Kits and Sponsors

Paradiso wear a dark green home kit with a black away kit. Their kits have been manufactured by Adidas since 2022, and their sponsor is New Job Construzioni SA.
# Ilse Lehiste

Ilse Lehiste (/ˈɪlzə ləˈhɪstə/ IL-zə lə-HIST-ə; 31 January 1922 – 25 December 2010) was an Estonian-born American linguist, author of many studies in phonetics.

## Early life

Ilse Lehiste finished high school in Tallinn. In 1942 she began her studies at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Tartu. In 1944 she fled to Germany with her parents, where she continued her studies – while living in refugee camps – at the University of Hamburg.

## Academic life and work

She obtained a doctoral degree in philology in 1948 at the University of Hamburg with a thesis on Old Norse, after which she taught at the Baltic University in Exile. In 1949 she immigrated to the United States. She taught at Kansas Wesleyan University and the Detroit Institute of Technology, before beginning studies at the University of Michigan. She defended her second doctoral thesis – in linguistics – in 1959 at the University of Michigan. Her dissertation, "An acoustic-phonetic study of internal open juncture," was published as a special issue of Phonetica (DOI:10.1159/000258062).
After working at the University of Michigan Communication Sciences Laboratory as a research associate from 1959 to 1963, she joined the faculty of the Slavic Department of the Ohio State University in 1963. She was a founding member and the first chair of the Linguistics Department at OSU, established in 1965. She remained at OSU as professor emerita after her retirement in 1987.
Her main fields of research were acoustic phonetics and phonology, prosody, language contacts, Estonian and Serbo-Croatian.
She was also interested in Estonian runic songs and, in collaboration with Jaan Ross, published several works on this topic (e.g., Ross & Lehiste 2001). During the Soviet occupation of Estonia, she helped to mediate research papers between Estonia and the free world.
It was also thanks to her that the 11th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS) in 1987 was arranged in Tallinn.
Her papers are archived at the American Philosophical Society.

## Honors and functions

Honorary doctor at University of Essex, Lund University, University of Tartu and Ohio State University.
Foreign member of the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters and of the Estonian Academy of Sciences.
President of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS) (1974-1976)
President of the Linguistic Society of America (1980); elected Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America in 2006.
Medal for Scientific Achievement, International Speech Communication Association, 2002.
# Georgia Zellou

Georgia Zellou is an American linguistics professor at the University of California-Davis. Her research focuses on topics in phonetics and laboratory phonology.

## Education and research

Zellou received her PhD in linguistics from the University of Colorado-Boulder in 2012, with a dissertation entitled "Similarity and Enhancement: Nasality from Moroccan Arabic Pharyngeals and Nasals." She joined UC-Davis in 2014, and she is currently a co-director of the UC-Davis phonetics lab. She has conducted research on the phonetics of nasalization in numerous languages, and more recently has investigated the phonetics of human-AI interactions.

## Honors and awards

In May 2016, Georgia Zellou was a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies and the Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing at Ludwig-Maximilians Universität in Munich, upon an invitation from PD Dr. Marianne Pouplier and Prof. Dr. Jonathan Harrington in the context of the CAS Research Focus project, "Speech and Language Processing: How Words Emerge and Dissolve."
In 2019, she received the Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Mentoring and she was named a UC-Davis Dean's Fellow in 2020.
In 2020, she was inducted as a Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America. She was a 2017-18 Hellman Foundation Fellow.
During the 2021–2022 academic year, she conducted research as a Fulbright scholar in France.

## Selected publications

* Cohn, Michelle, Bruno Ferenc Segedin & Georgia Zellou. 2022. Acoustic-phonetic properties of Siri- and human-directed speech. Journal of Phonetics 90, 101123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2021.101123
* Zellou, Georgia. 2017. Individual differences in the production of nasal coarticulation and perceptual compensation. Journal of Phonetics 61, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2016.12.002
* Zellou, Georgia & Delphine Dahan. 2019. Listeners maintain phonological uncertainty over time and across words: The case of vowel nasality in English. Journal of Phonetics 76, 100910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2019.06.001
* Zellou, Georgia & Meredith Tamminga. 2014. Nasal coarticulation changes over time in Philadelphia English. Journal of Phonetics 47, 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2014.09.002
# Harald Philipp

Harald Philipp (1921–1999) was a German film director, screenwriter and actor.

## Selected filmography

* The Old Forester House (1956)
* Bimbo the Great [de] (1958)
* The Csardas King (1958)
* A Thousand Stars Aglitter (1959)
* Strafbataillon 999 [fr] (1960)
* Brandenburg Division (1960)
* Auf Wiedersehen (1961)
* Blind Justice (1961)
* The Oil Prince (1965)
* Manhattan Night of Murder (1965)
* The Trap Snaps Shut at Midnight (1966)
* Winnetou and the Crossbreed (1966)
* Love Nights in the Taiga (1967)
* Death Knocks Twice (1969)
* The Body in the Thames (1971)
* Hurray We Are Bachelors Again [de] (1971)
* Der Fall Opa (1972, TV film)
* Ausbruch (1973, TV film)
* Sergeant Berry (1974–1975, TV series)
* Die Brücke von Zupanja [de] (1975)
* Die Protokolle des Herrn M. (1979, TV series)
* Der Fuchs von Övelgönne (1981, TV series)
* Kreisbrandmeister Felix Martin [de] (1982, TV series)
# Charles A. Ferguson

Charles Albert Ferguson (July 6, 1921 – September 2, 1998) was an American linguist who taught at Stanford University. He was one of the founders of sociolinguistics and is best known for his work on diglossia. The TOEFL test was created under his leadership at the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, DC. Ferguson was also the leader of a team of linguists in Ethiopia under the Ford Foundation's Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching. One of the many publications that came out of this was his article proposing the Ethiopian Language Area (Ferguson 1976), an article that has become widely cited and an important milestone in the study of contact linguistics.
Ferguson is best known for his seminal article on diglossia, published in 1959 and (reprinted since then in other publications) and frequently cited by others, listed by Google Scholar as having been cited over 9,000 times.
Ferguson was also a major figure in the study of child phonology and led the Stanford Child Phonology Project from 1967 until 1990.
He was honored with a two-volume collection of papers in a 1986 festschrift, edited by Joshua A. Fishman and others.
In 1952 he served on the Advisory Committee on Arabic and Persian Names, a committee established by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

## Life and education

Charles Albert Ferguson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1921. He had an early curiosity for language, system, and order which led him to explore foreign languages through Oriental Studies at the University of Pennsylvania (BA 1942, MA 1943 with a thesis on the Moroccan Arabic Verb; PhD 1945 with a dissertation on Standard Colloquial Bengali).
# Hasemania

Hasemania is a genus of characins endemic to Brazil, where only found in river basins that originate on the Brazilian Shield, ranging west to the Juruena system, north to the São Francisco system and south to the Paraná system. The individual species generally have quite small ranges and two, H. crenuchoides and H. piatan, are considered threatened by Brazil's Ministry of the Environment.
They are small fish, up to 2.7–7 cm (1.1–2.8 in) in standard length depending on the exact species.
The genus is named for zoologist and explorer John Diederich Haseman. He collected all of the known species of this genus at the time of description.

## Species

There are currently 9 recognized species in this genus:
* Hasemania crenuchoides Zarske & Géry, 1999
* Hasemania hanseni (Fowler, 1949)
* Hasemania kalunga Bertaco & F. R. de Carvalho, 2010
* Hasemania maxillaris Durbin, 1911
* Hasemania melanura Durbin, 1911 (Copper tetra)
* Hasemania nana (Lütken, 1875) (Silvertip tetra)
* Hasemania piatan Zanata & J. P. Serra, 2010
* Hasemania uberaba J. P. Serra & Langeani, 2015
# Philippine Table Tennis Federation

The Philippine Table Tennis Federation, Inc. (PTTFI) is the national governing body for table tennis in the Philippines. It is recognised by the Philippine Olympic Committee, Southeast Asian Table Tennis Association, the Asia Table Tennis Union, and the International Table Tennis Federation.

## History

The Table Tennis Association of the Philippines(TATAP) was formed in 1951 as a governing body for table tennis in the Philippines. In 2016, the Philippines Olympic Committee(POC) defunct TATAP as member of the National Sports Association(NSA). Philippine Table Tennis Federation, Inc.(PTTFI) replaced TATAP, which was later certified as a regular member of POC and the recognise by NSA as the sole governing body for table tennis.

## Tournaments hosted

| Year | Tournament | Location |
| 1957 | Asian Table Tennis Championships | Manila |
| 1963 | Asian Table Tennis Championships | Manila |
| 2014 | GAC Group ITTF World Tour Philippine Open Challenge Series | Subic Bay, Olongapo city |
| 2015 | GAC Group ITTF World Tour Philippine Open Challenge Series | Subic Bay, Olongapo city |

## Athletes
### Olympics

Ian Lariba is the first Filipino table tennis player to compete at the Olympic Games.
| Tournament | Athlete | Event |
| 2016 Olympics Rio de Janeiro | Ian Lariba | Women's singles |

### Paralympics

Josephine Medina is the first Filipino table tennis player to compete at the Paralympics Game, 2012. She also became the first Filipino table tennis player to earn a medal in Paralympics, 2016.
| Tournament | Athlete | Event | Medal |
| 2012 Paralympics London | Josephine Medina | Singles class 8 | 4 |
| 2016 Paralympics Rio de Janeiro | Josephine Medina | Singles class 8 | |

### SEA Games

Richard Gonzales is a multiple medalist at the Southeast Asian Games in Table Tennis.
* Singles: (2005, 2015), (1999, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2019)
* Doubles: (2011)
* Team: (2005)
# Palaeotyto

Palaeotyto is an extinct genus of sophiornithid that lived during the Palaeogene period.

## Distribution

Palaeotyto cadurcensis is known from the Quercy Phosphorites Formation of France.
# Aliashraf Abdulhuseyn oglu Alizade

Academician Aliashraf Abdulhuseyn oghlu Alizade (1911–1985) was an Azerbaijani geologist. He was a full member and one of the founders of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (1945), and an Honorary Oilman of the USSR (1971). He was also a State Award laureate for the discovery and exploitation of new oil fields (1943) and for the preparation of the small electric perforator (1946).

## Publications

* Quick Guide for Field Geology. 1937.
* Quick Guide to the Field Geology. 1938.
* Maikop Formation of Azerbaijan and its oil potential. 1945.
* Oil fields of the Caspian region. 1945.
* Paleogene deposits of Azerbaijan. 1947.
* Earth and earthquakes. 1950.
* Oil and its origin. 1957.
* Paleogeography of the Balakhani basin. 1960.
* General Geology. 1961
* Geophysical study of the geological structure of the oil and gas-bearing regions of Azerbaijan. 1963.
# Palaeobyas

Palaeobyas is an extinct genus of sophiornithid that lived during the Palaeogene period.

## Distribution

Palaeobyas cracrafti is known from the Quercy Phosphorites Formation of France.