OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PS-127 Karachi Central-VI

PS-127 Karachi Central-VI (پی ایس-127، کراچی وسطی-6) is a constituency of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.

## General elections 2024

Provincial election 2024: PS-127 Karachi Central-VI :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | MQM-P | Muhammad Maaz Mehboob | 23,493 | 37.68 | |
| | JI | Muhammad Masood Ali | 12,673 | 20.33 | |
| | Independent | Shaikh Mehboob Jilani | 10,395 | 16.67 | |
| | TLP | Salman Haider | 5,288 | 8.48 | |
| | Independent | Osama Anjum Alim | 4,322 | 6.93 | |
| | PPP | Rizwan Rafique | 2,538 | 4.07 | |
| | Others | Others (sixteen candidates) | 3,637 | 5.84 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 63,575 | 25.88 | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 62,346 | 98.07 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 1,229 | 1.93 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 10,820 | 17.35 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 245,634 | | |
| | MQM-P hold | MQM-P hold | MQM-P hold | MQM-P hold | MQM-P hold |

## General elections 2018

Provincial election 2018: PS-127 Karachi Central-V :
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| | MQM-P | Kanwar Naveed Jamil | 29,939 | 38.53 | |
| | PTI | Shaikh Mehboob Jilani | 14,424 | 18.56 | |
| | TLP | Mohammed Adeel | 12,973 | 16.69 | |
| | PSP | Syed Mustafa Kamal | 6,385 | 8.22 | |
| | PPP | Sadam Abdul Samad | 3,740 | 4.81 | |
| | MMA | Muhammad Siddiq Rathore | 3,676 | 4.73 | |
| | PML(N) | Shaheen | 2,922 | 3.76 | |
| | APML | Kousar Shaheen | 1,174 | 1.51 | |
| | PMA | Muhammad Younis | 658 | 0.85 | |
| | ANP | Abdul Razzaq | 503 | 0.65 | |
| | Independent | Hafiz Hifz Ur Rehman | 466 | 0.60 | |
| | MQM-H | Faizan khan | 189 | 0.24 | |
| | Independent | Asghar Ali | 146 | 0.19 | |
| | ANP | Irshad Ali | 120 | 0.15 | |
| | Independent | Abdul Samad Sardar | 115 | 0.15 | |
| | PP | Asif Ahmed | 77 | 0.10 | |
| | Independent | Muhammad Zubair Yaseen | 54 | 0.07 | |
| | Independent | Naseem Khan | 50 | 0.06 | |
| | Independent | Muhammad Asghar Ali | 43 | 0.06 | |
| | Independent | Muhammad Kamran Khan | 32 | 0.04 | |
| | Independent | Ashraf Ali | 25 | 0.03 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 15,515 | 19.97 | |
| Valid ballots | Valid ballots | Valid ballots | 77,711 | |
| Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | Rejected ballots | 976 | | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 78,687 | | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 222,764 | | |
| | hold | hold | hold | hold | hold |

## General elections 2013

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |

## General elections 2008

| Contesting candidates | Party affiliation | Votes polled |
# Daniel Åhsberg

Daniel Åhsberg (born 14 April 1985) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player who is currently a free agent. He previously played for Helsingborgs HC in the Swedish Hockeyettan.
In Sweden's top tier league Elitserien (SEL), Åhsberg has played for Frölunda HC and most recently for Växjö Lakers Hockey. Still awaiting his first point after twelve SEL games, he left the Lakers on 28 November 2011 and signed a one-season contract with Örebro HK of the Swedish HockeyAllsvenskan (Swe-1).
On 20 May 2016 Åhsberg signed for Scottish club Braehead Clan, of the Elite Ice Hockey League. After a season in the UK, Åhsberg returned to Sweden to sign for Helsingborgs HC.
# Lewis Thomas Prize

The Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science, named for its first recipient, Lewis Thomas, is an annual literary prize awarded by The Rockefeller University to scientists or physicians deemed to have accomplished a significant literary achievement; it recognizes "scientists as poets." Originally called the Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, the award was first given in 1993. Recipients' writings bridge the gap between the laboratory and the wider world, in the spirit of Lewis Thomas' collection of essays The Lives of a Cell.
The prize-giving ceremony is usually in the form of a lecture; winners receive a medal, a citation, and a cash award.
Subsequent recipients of the prize, awarded first for the year 1993 to Thomas, have been:
* François Jacob (for 1994)
* Abraham Pais (for 1995)
* Freeman Dyson (for 1996)
* Max Perutz (for 1997)
* Ernst Mayr (for 1998)
* Steven Weinberg (for 1999)
* E. O. Wilson (for 2000)
* Oliver Sacks (for 2001)
* Jared Diamond (for 2002)
* Richard Fortey (for 2003)
* Jean-Pierre Changeux (for 2004)
* Thomas Eisner (for 2005)
* Richard Dawkins (for 2006)
* James D. Watson (for 2007)
* Robert Sapolsky (for 2008)
* Martin Rees (for 2009)
* Kay Redfield Jamison (2012)
* Frances Ashcroft (2013)
* Atul Gawande (2014)
* Ian Stewart and Steven Strogatz (2015)
* Sean B Carroll (2016)
* Sylvia Earle (2017)
* Kip Thorne (2018)
* Siddhartha Mukherjee (2019)
* Richard Prum (2021)
* Jennifer L. Eberhardt (2022)
* Suzanne Simard (2023)
* Carlo Rovelli (2024)

## Videos of Lewis Thomas Prize lectures

* [2012-2022: https://www.rockefeller.edu/lewis-thomas-prize/recipients/].
# 5-Fluoro-DMT

5-Fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-fluoro-DMT, 5F-DMT) is a tryptamine derivative related to compounds such as 5-bromo-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT. It produces a robust head-twitch response in mice, and hence is a putative serotonergic psychedelic. It is known to have affinity for and to act as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT$_{1A}$ and 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptors. Fluorination of psychedelic tryptamines either reduces or has little effect on 5-HT$_{2A/C}$ receptor affinity or intrinsic activity, although 6-fluoro-DET is inactive as a psychedelic despite acting as a 5-HT$_{2A}$ agonist (cf. lisuride), while 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT is a much stronger agonist at 5-HT$_{1A}$ than 5-HT$_{2A}$.
# Commission of National-Security and Foreign-Policy (of Islamic Parliament of I.R.Iran)

Commission of National-Security and Foreign-Policy (of Islamic Parliament of I.R.Iran) (Persian: کمیسیون امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی مجلس شورای اسلامی, romanized: Komisiune Amniyate Melli wa Siasate-Kharejie Majlese-Shoraye-Eslami) is one of the special commissions of the Legislature of Iran which has a significant position in playing the role of parliamentary diplomacy.
"The Human Rights Committee", "the Foreign Policy Committee", "the Internal Security Committee" and "the Defense Committee" are the four committees that professionally are engaged in examination of the related matters in the area of authority of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission.
Ebrahim Azizi as the head of the parliament's National Security Commission was elected by a majority vote of the commission's members on 2024.

## Members

This commission's members consists of:
* Ebrahim Azizi
* Shahriyar Heidari
* Yaqub Rezazadeh
* Ebrahim Rezaei
* Ali Alizadeh
* Seyyed Ahmad Avayi
* Mojtaba Zonnour
* Jalil Rahimi Jahanabadi
* Abbas Moqtadaye Khurasgani
* Ali Aghazadeh Dafsari
* Mahmud Ahmadi Biqash
* Ruhollah Hazratpour
* Javad Karimi-Ghodousi
* Mohsen Pirhadi
* Mahdi Saadati Bishe Sari
* Mahmoud Abbaszadeh Meshkini
* Ebrahim Azizi
* Abolfazl Amuei
* Sara Falahi
* Abbas Golru
* Fada Hossein Maleki
* Hossein Noosh-Abadi
* Zohreh Elahian
# Wincenta Zawadzka

Wincenta Zawadzka (Polish pronunciation:; also known as Wincentyna Zawadzka, née Żółkowska; ca. 1824 – 1894) was the author of a popular Polish-language cookbook, Kucharka litewska (The Lithuanian Cook). Her book was first published in Vilnius in 1843, under the pen name W.A.L.Z.
# Cichorium

Cichorium is a genus of plants in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species.
Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a bushy perennial herb with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized. It is grown for its leaves, when it is known as leaf chicory, endive, radicchio, Belgian endive, French endive, or witloof. Other varieties are grown for their roots, which are used as a coffee substitute, similar to dandelion coffee.
True endive (Cichorium endivia) is a species grown and used as a salad green. It has a slightly bitter taste. Curly endive and the broad-leafed escarole are true endives.
Cichorium is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including setaceous Hebrew character, turnip moth, and the grass moth Diasemia reticularis.

## Species

* Cichorium bottae Deflers - Saudi Arabia, Yemen
* Cichorium calvum Sch.Bip. ex Asch. - Ethiopia
* Cichorium endivia L. - Egypt, Palestine
* Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. & A.Huet - Turkey
* Cichorium intybus L. - Europe
* Cichorium pumilum Jacq. - Mediterranean
* Cichorium spinosum L. - Mediterranean
Formerly included are several species now considered better suited to other genera: Aposeris, Arnoseris, Geigeria, Rhagadiolus and Tolpis.
# Fabio Parasecoli

Fabio Parasecoli (born in 1964) is an Italian academic and author, whose work focusses on the intersectionality of food, media and politics. He is currently a Food Studies professor at NYU Steinhardt.
Parasecoli was born in Rome, and studied contemporary Chinese history for two years in Beijing University under a graduate fellowship before obtaining a PhD in agricultural sciences with a focus on gender and nutrition from Hohenheim University. He moved to the United States of America in 1998, initially working as the US correspondent for Gambero Rosso. He later worked as a professor at The New School, before moving to NYU Steinhardt. His 2008 book Bite Me! Food in Popular Culture was praised as "a necessary addition to the analysis of the popular and the edible". His writing style has been criticized as being excessively complicated. In 2018, Parasecoli started a three year long research project examining the renewed interest towards traditional, local and regional food in Poland through a grant received from the National Science Centre. In 2022 he received a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Culture and Sport for a project on cultural heritage and design.

## Books

* Libano: Ritorno al Paradiso (1996). Liber Internazionale Press ISBN 978-8880040422
* Food Culture in Italy (2004). Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 978-0313327261
* Bite Me: Food in Popular Culture (2008). Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9781847884534
* Al Dente: A History of Food in Italy (2014). Reaktion Books ISBN 978-1780232768
* Feasting Our Eyes: Food Films and Cultural Identity in the United States (2016; co-authored with Laura Lindenfeld). Columbia University Press ISBN 978-0231172509
* Knowing Where It Comes From: Labeling Traditional Foods to Compete in a Global Market (2017). University of Iowa Press ISBN 9781609385330
* Food (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series) (2019). MIT Press ISBN 978-0262537315
* Global Brooklyn: Designing food experiences in world cities (2021; co-edited with Mateusz Halawa). MIT Press ISBN 978-1350144477
* Gastronativism: Food, Identity, Politics (2022). Columbia University Press ISBN 978-0231202077
# Raitt St station

Raitt St is an under-construction OC Streetcar station. It is located on the former Pacific Electric West Santa Ana Branch at its intersection with Raitt St, for which the station is named after. The maintenance and storage facility is adjacent to the station.

## History

In 2006, the Orange County Transportation Authority proposed a new light rail system to serve the cities of Santa Ana and Garden Grove. The western segment of the line, which terminates at Harbor Transit Center, runs along the West Santa Ana Branch right-of-way formerly used by Pacific Electric's Santa Ana Line from 1905 to 1958. Construction began in 2018 and the streetcar is expected to begin service in March 2026, after repeated delays.
# Tczew County

Tczew County (Polish: Powiat Tczewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tczew, which lies 31 kilometres (19 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. The county also contains the towns of Pelplin, lying 20 km (12 mi) south of Tczew, and Gniew, 31 km (19 mi) south of Tczew. The county is part of the area traditionally inhabited by the Kocievians ethnic group.
The county covers an area of 697.54 square kilometres (269.3 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 115,738, out of which the population of Tczew is 60,120, that of Pelplin is 7,784, that of Gniew is 6,707, and the rural population is 41,127.
Tczew County on a map of the counties of Pomeranian Voivodeship
Tczew County is bordered by Gdańsk County to the north, Malbork County, Sztum County and Kwidzyn County to the east, Świecie County to the south, and Starogard County to the west.

## Administrative division

The county is subdivided into six gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and three rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
| Gmina | Type | Area (km$^2$) | Population (2019) | Seat |
| Tczew | urban | 22.3 | 60,120 | |
| Gmina Pelplin | urban-rural | 140.5 | 16,238 | Pelplin |
| Gmina Gniew | urban-rural | 194.8 | 15,471 | Gniew |
| Gmina Tczew | rural | 170.6 | 14,798 | Tczew * |
| Gmina Subkowy | rural | 78.2 | 5,466 | Subkowy |
| Gmina Morzeszczyn | rural | 91.2 | 3,645 | Morzeszczyn |
| * seat not part of the gmina |||||
# Pêcheresse

Pêcheresse (French pronunciation:) is a lambic fruit Belgian beer produced by the Lindemans Brewery since 1987.
The name is the combination of the French for peach (pêche) and the feminine French word for sinner (pécheresse). On the label of the bottle is a drawing of a young woman, drawn in Art Nouveau style, lying seductively on the sand, representing the sinner mentioned in the name of the beer.
As the name indicates, the beer is flavored with peach juice and the label says that each bottle contains 20% of peach concentrate.
# 1919–1930 encephalitis lethargica epidemic

The encephalitis lethargica epidemic lasted from around 1918 to 1930. The cause is still unknown. Though the cause was once attributed to the coinciding Spanish flu epidemic, modern research has disputed this claim. The mortality was as high as 20%.

## Background

Encephalitis lethargica is a neurological syndrome that causes lethargy, a “mask like” face, excessive blood in the meninges, and other general neurological symptoms. Officially recognized as its own condition in 1917, it is believed to have existed far longer in human history. It is known to cause post-encephalitic parkinsonism.

## Timeline

According to Urechia (1921), the pandemic possibly started in 1915, Romania. It is believed that the disease spread through the movement of the troops during World War I. In 1917, it reached the epidemic status in Vienna, where it was first described. It was followed by France and England in 1918. In 1919, the disease was present in Europe, the USA, Canada, Central America, and India.
Neurologist Constantin von Economo published a paper in April 1917 on some cases he encountered in the winter months of 1916 and 1917 in the Psychiatric-Neurological Clinic of the University of Vienna. These patients, despite their various previous diagnoses, had a similar pattern of symptoms. This led him to suggest a novel disease, which he named Encephalitis lethargica. In France, physician René Cruchet was encountering similar patterns, and published his findings within a few days of Constantin von Economo. Following these two reports, many more cases were reported, first in Europe, but quickly spreading around the globe. The epidemic peaked between 1920 and 1929, with an estimated million people diagnosed with Encephalitis lethargica during the epidemic period. During the pandemic, approximately 9000 papers about encephalitis lethargica were published.
William Matheson founded the Matheson Commission in 1927, promising to find a cure to encephalitis lethargica within two years. They worked with two main hypothesis, that encephalitis lethargica was a form of herpes or it was a focal infection resulting from a neurotropic form of Streptococcus viridans. The commission ended in 1940 without finding the cure, but it produced data about the disease.

## Causes

The causes of encephalitis lethargica are still unknown. Though the connection to the Spanish flu epidemic is often made, the encephalitis outbreak did begin slightly earlier. However, this cannot disprove the claim, simply point out that not all of the existing evidence lines up.

## Aftermath

In the aftermath of the epidemic, many cases of post-encephalitic parkinsonism were reported. This condition was distinctive from idiopathic Parkinson's disease, as it occurs in younger patients than typical idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and lacks the "pill-rolling tremor" of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
The number of people infected varies greatly. It is estimated that 50–75% of cases went unreported. At the same time, there happened overdiagnosis due the description of generic symptoms and lack of established diagnostic criteria.
# Great Yeldham

Great Yeldham is a village in north Essex, England, about 6 miles (10 km) from the Suffolk border. It is situated along the main A1017 road (formerly A604) between Braintree and Haverhill.

## History

Great Yeldham contains the Great Oak, an old preserved oak tree in the centre of the village, which is claimed to have been recorded in William the Conqueror's Domesday Book of 1086.
In 1967, Great Yeldham elected a Communist councillor, June Cohen, to the surprise of many in the area.

## Geography

The village is where the infant River Colne is joined by a stream from near Stambourne and another that has flowed via Toppesfield. The river flows through Colchester on its 39-mile journey to the North Sea.
From the 1950s to the 1970s, Great Yeldham was home to the Whitlock Bros., an agricultural equipment manufacturer. In 1972, Whitlock Bros. was taken over by Hymac and production subsequently moved to Rhymney in South Wales; the plant closed, resulting in many job losses.
The land around Great Yeldham is used principally for arable farming and some livestock rearing. From the early 1950s until the mid-1980s, it was also known for Lark Hill Farm, its apple and strawberry farm.

## Transport

Until 1962, it was served for passenger traffic by Yeldham railway station on the Colne Valley and Halstead Railway line between Chappel and Wakes Colne and Haverhill. The line crossed Station Road at a level crossing, which has since been renamed Toppesfield Road.
# West African Postal Conference

The West African Postal Conference, or Conférence des Postes des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, was formed in 2012 as a forum for postal services in West African countries.
The members are:
* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Ghana
* Côte d'Ivoire
* Mali
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* Togo
# Lewis Thomas Prize

The Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science, named for its first recipient, Lewis Thomas, is an annual literary prize awarded by The Rockefeller University to scientists or physicians deemed to have accomplished a significant literary achievement; it recognizes "scientists as poets." Originally called the Lewis Thomas Prize for the Scientist as Poet, the award was first given in 1993. Recipients' writings bridge the gap between the laboratory and the wider world, in the spirit of Lewis Thomas' collection of essays The Lives of a Cell.
The prize-giving ceremony is usually in the form of a lecture; winners receive a medal, a citation, and a cash award.
Subsequent recipients of the prize, awarded first for the year 1993 to Thomas, have been:
* François Jacob (for 1994)
* Abraham Pais (for 1995)
* Freeman Dyson (for 1996)
* Max Perutz (for 1997)
* Ernst Mayr (for 1998)
* Steven Weinberg (for 1999)
* E. O. Wilson (for 2000)
* Oliver Sacks (for 2001)
* Jared Diamond (for 2002)
* Richard Fortey (for 2003)
* Jean-Pierre Changeux (for 2004)
* Thomas Eisner (for 2005)
* Richard Dawkins (for 2006)
* James D. Watson (for 2007)
* Robert Sapolsky (for 2008)
* Martin Rees (for 2009)
* Kay Redfield Jamison (2012)
* Frances Ashcroft (2013)
* Atul Gawande (2014)
* Ian Stewart and Steven Strogatz (2015)
* Sean B Carroll (2016)
* Sylvia Earle (2017)
* Kip Thorne (2018)
* Siddhartha Mukherjee (2019)
* Richard Prum (2021)
* Jennifer L. Eberhardt (2022)
* Suzanne Simard (2023)
* Carlo Rovelli (2024)
* Stanislas Dehaene (2025)

## Videos of Lewis Thomas Prize lectures

* [2012-2022: https://www.rockefeller.edu/lewis-thomas-prize/recipients/].
# Bishan Singh of Maihar

Bishan Singh was the Thakur of Maihar from 1826 until his death in 1850.

## Biography

Upon the death of his father, Durjan Singh, in 1826, his dominions were divided into two portions: Maihar and Vijayraghavgarh. Bishan Singh received the former, while his brother, Prag Das, got the latter. Over time, he fell into serious debt and requested the British in 1849 to place his state under their management. He died a year later in 1850, and was succeeded by his son, Mohan Prasad, to his title, rank, and dignity.
# Richard Clifton

Richard Randall Clifton (born November 13, 1950) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

## Education and legal training

Clifton received an Artium Baccalaureus degree at Princeton University and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School. After law school, he clerked for Ninth Circuit Judge Herbert Choy.

## Career

Following his clerkship, he was in private practice in Honolulu, Hawaii until his appointment to the federal bench. He also taught for several years at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii as an adjunct professor.

### Federal judicial service

He was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit by George W. Bush on September 4, 2001 to fill a seat vacated by Cynthia Holcomb Hall. The United States Senate confirmed him on July 30, 2002 by a 98–0 vote. He was Bush's first appointment to the Ninth Circuit. He received his commission on July 30, 2002. He assumed senior status on December 31, 2016.

### Notable cases

In 2006, he was one of the judges on the panel that upheld the imprisonment of journalist Josh Wolf.
On February 7, 2017, Clifton along with fellow Ninth Circuit judges William Canby and Michelle Friedland heard oral arguments on a motion from the Trump administration to stay the temporary restraining order in State of Washington v. Trump, part of the ongoing court cases related to Executive Order 13769. A live audio feed of the telephonic argument was broadcast nationwide. On February 9, the three judges denied the request for a stay of the temporary restraining order.
In July 2018, Clifton dissented when the court found that Hawaii's licensing requirement to openly carry firearms violated the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution.
On July 3, 2019, in a follow-up ruling to the February 2017 ruling, Clifton and Michelle T. Friedland upheld a district court's halting of parts of Donald Trump's wall. N. Randy Smith issued a dissent, and on July 26, the Supreme Court overturned Friedland and Clifton by a 5-3 vote on ideological lines with Stephen Breyer saying he would temporarily block the construction of the wall but allow funding to be set aside for it.
On November 29, 2019, Clifton temporarily halted the execution of Barry Lee Jones, who was convicted of one count of sexual assault, 3 counts of child abuse, and a felony murder.