OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CFEL-FM

CFEL-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Quebec City, Quebec, but the station's official city of license is Lévis.
Owned and operated by Leclerc Communication Inc., it is a Class C1 FM station that broadcasts on 102.1 MHz using a directional antenna.
The station has an alternative rock format branded as blvd 102.1.

## History

Originally based in and licensed to Montmagny, CFEL-FM received its first licence in December 1986 and replaced CKBM 1490, an unrelated station which closed due to a bankruptcy in 1983.
On July 8, 2008, 591991 B.C. Ltd., a numbered company owned by Corus Entertainment, applied to move CFEL's transmitter from L'Ange-Gardien to a new site in Quebec City. The objective of moving the transmitter is to achieve better coverage of the Lévis and Quebec City market. On October 3, 2008, this request was granted. CFEL-FM became CKOI 102,1 Québec on November 6, 2009 as part of the short-lived CKOI network of stations, adopting the same logo and branding as its sister stations CKOI Montreal and CKOI Estrie.
On April 30, 2010, it was announced that Cogeco will acquire all radio stations owned by Corus in Quebec for $80 million. The sale was approved by the CRTC on December 17, 2010, on the condition that CFEL-FM be resold to another party by December 2011.
On November 9, 2011, Cogeco announced a deal to sell CFEL-FM and CJEC-FM to Leclerc Communication Inc., a broadcaster owned by Jacques Leclerc, a local businessman who owns Laura Secord Chocolates and Biscuits Leclerc. The sale was approved by the CRTC on January 19 and completed on January 31, 2012. The stations were delisted from Cogeco Diffusion's website shortly thereafter. Following its transfer to Leclerc, the station switched to an all-locally originated schedule and imaging, but retaining the CKOI branding and Corus-era logo. The station formerly used the "La radio des hits" slogan used by Astral Media's NRJ network, even though that slogan was changed after NRJ's change.
In the fall of 2012, CFEL-FM adopted the same current branding and slogan as CKOI-FM, also under license from Cogeco. This arrangement would continue until September 2, 2015, when the station was rebranded as blvd 102.1. The station's format changed from Top 40 to Adult Top 40 and now offers an all talk morning show with Stéphane Gasse.
# Cocos–Nazca spreading centre

The Cocos–Nazca spreading centre (CNSC) (or the Cocos–Nazca spreading system) is the divergent boundary between the Cocos and Nazca plates. It extends from close to the East Pacific Rise northwest of the Galápagos Islands, to the southeastern end of the Middle America Trench offshore Panama. The western part of this boundary is formed by the west–east Galápagos spreading centre, with the eastern part formed of two short spreading segments and three large transform segments, including the Panama fracture zone.

## Western CNSC

The western part of the CNSC is formed by the Galápagos spreading centre (GSC). It extends for about 1800 km and consists of a series of west-east trending spreading segments. Offsets between adjacent segments are marked by overlap without transform fault development, with exception of the highly oblique Galápagos Transform. This structure is not thought to be a true transform fault, as it is not orthogonal to the spreading axes that it links. The GSC is divided into two sections, linked by the Galápagos Transform (GT). The western GSC runs from the Galápagos triple junction, close to the East Pacific Rise, where the Galápagos microplate is developed, for about 1200 km eastwards to the northern end of the GT. The eastern GSC extends from the southern end of the GT eastwards to the Inca Transform. The GSC shows evidence of interaction with the Galápagos hotspot that lies just to its south, affecting its morphology. The eastern GSC is interpreted to have undergone a series of ridge jumps, moving southwards towards the hotspot, creating the GT in the process.

## Eastern CNSC

The eastern part of the CNSC consists of three major transform faults and associated fracture zones, the Inca Transform, the Ecuador fracture zone and the Panama fracture zone, together bounding two short spreading centres, the Ecuador and Costa Rica rifts (rises). The Panama fracture zone links northwards Middle America Trench.
# Buğra Selimzade

Buğra Selimzade (born 9 November 1988 in Trabzon), is a Turkish sport shooter who competes in the pistol event. He is a member of the national team.

## Personal life

Buğra Selimzade, was born in Trabzon, Turkey on 9 November 1988. He lives in Trabzon.
He studied Economy in the university.

## Early years

Selimzade developed a passion for shooting with shotgun while he was still in primary school in Trabzon. During his high school years, he tried pistol and rifle shooting. Then, he got interested in air pistol shooting, and bought himself an air pistol financed by a bank credit of his father. His sport shooting career started in 2018. After one year of exercise with his coach Murat Örgün, he successfully took part at national championships. He became eligible to be selected for the national team when he scored 574 points in 60 shots at the Turkish championship in March 2019. As the shooting range, he used to attend, closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, he installed a shooting range at home to continue with exercising. He was a member of Nişantaşı Shooting Club before he transferred to Parla Akademi Sport Club and the Hunting Club of Trabzon.

## International career

Selimzade mostly competes in 10m air pistol team events. He exercises shooting seven days a week, at home if he can not go to the shooting range.

### 2022

He was admitted to the national team in 2022.
In October 2022, he competed with his teammates, Yusuf Dikeç and İsmail Keleş, in the 10m air pistol team event at the ISSF World Shooting Championships held in Cairo, Egypt. The Turkish team lost the bronze medal match, and ranked fourth. In the individual event, he ranked seventh.

### 2023

Selimzade won the gold medal with his teammates, Dikeç and Keleş, in the 10m air pistol team event at the second leg of the 2023 ISSF World Cup in Jakarta, Indonesia.
He and his teammates, Dikeç and Keleş, captured the gold medal at the 2023 European 10 m Events Championships in Tallinn, Estonia.
Selimzade won the silver medal in the 10m air pistol team event wlth his teammates, Dikeç and Keleş, at the 2023 European Games in Wrocław, Poland.

### 2024

At the third leg of the 2024 ISSF World Cup in Granada, Spain, he took the bronze medal in the 10m air pistol event.
Selimzade and his teamates, Dikeç and Keleş, won the silver medal at the 2024 European 10 m Events Championships in Győr, Hungary.

### 2025

He won the gold medal with his teammates, Yusuf Dikeç and İsmail Keleş, in the 10m air pitol trio event at the 2025 European 10 m Events Championships in Osijek, Croatia.
# Jade Imagine

Jade Imagine is an Australian indie pop band formed in Melbourne in 2016. The group is led by singer-songwriter Jade McInally, who previously performed with acts such as Teeth & Tongue and Tantrums..

## History

Jade Imagine released their debut EP, What the Fuck Was I Thinking, in 2017through Milk! Records, a label co-founded by Australian singer-songwriters Courtney Barnett and Jen Cloher. In 2018, Jade Imagine played at key music festivals, Big Sound Australia, and South by South West, Austin, Texas.
In 2019, Jade Imagine released their first full-length album, Basic Love, through Milk! Records and Marathon Artists. Also in 2019 they supported Pond on their UK tour
The band's sophomore album, Cold Memory, was released in 2022. This record continued their exploration of contemporary themes, receiving positive reviews for its cohesive sound and lyrical depth. In 2024, Jade Imagine supported Stella Donnelly on her national tour.
On February 12 2025, the band released the single Hot Bath with Rolling Stone listing it as Songs you need to Know. and with strong Australian radio support including rotation on Double J and 3RRR. On March 12, 2025 the band released a remix by GUM & Ginoli of Hot Bath.

## Members

* Jade McInally – vocals, guitar
* Tim Harvey – guitar, vocals
* Madeline Lo Booth– bass, vocals
* Winter McQuinn – drums

## Discography

* What the Fuck Was I Thinking (EP, 2017)
* Basic Love (Album, 2019)
* Cold Memory (Album, 2022)
* Hot Bath (single 2025)

## Awards and nominations

Jade Imagine was the inaugural winner of the Australian music Upstart Award in 2017. and a final nominee in the Australian Music Prize 2019.
# Isotonitazepyne

Isotonitazepyne (N-pyrrolidino isotonitazene) is a benzimidazole derivative with potent opioid effects, which has been sold as a designer drug over the internet. It has since been identified by the drug checking service CanTEST, in Canberra Australia, and tentatively in New Zealand. Its in vitro potency is approximately 1000 times that of morphine. It is specifically listed as an illegal drug in the US state of Virginia.
# Jeremiah Dickson

Lieutenant-General Sir Jeremiah Dickson KCB (c. 1775 – 17 March 1848) was a British Army officer and colonial official.

## Biography

He was the son of Right Reverend William Dickson, Bishop of Down. Dickson entered the army in 1798 joining the 8th Dragoons as a cornet and was promoted to lieutenant of the 2nd Dragoon Guards in 1799 and captain in 1803.
He became a major in the quartermaster's department in 1806 and in 1812, he was appointed assistant quartermaster general serving in Spain and Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars. For his services as assistant quartermaster general at the battles of Vitoria, the Pyrenees, Nivelle, Orthez and Toulouse he received a gold cross and one clasp. Dickson was also at the Battle of Waterloo and the capture of Paris. He was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1815. On 15 March 1818 he married Jemima, the youngest daughter of Thomas Brooke of Mere Hall in Cheshire. He continued as assistant quartermaster general in England and Ireland after the wars and was promoted colonel 27 May 1825.
Appointed quarter master general in India on 12 July 1827, Dickson was promoted to major general in 1837 and put in command of British forces in Nova Scotia. In 1844, he became colonel of the 61st Foot Regiment and in August 1846, he served as Acting Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. He returned to England, where he died on 17 March 1848 at Barskimming House, Mauchline, Ayrshire aged 73.
# Raymond Serra

Raymond Serra (born Aurelio Lacagnina; August 13, 1936 – June 20, 2003) was an American character actor known for his many supporting roles in film and television over a 30-year career. He and his wife, Gayle, had four children.

## Select filmography
### Films

* The Gambler (1974) - Benny Minor Character
* The Switch or How to Alter Your Ego (1974) - Ralph White Major Character
* Dog Day Afternoon (1975) - New York Plainclothes Cop (uncredited)
* Marathon Man (1976) - Truck Driver
* The Death Collector (1976) - Doctor
* Hooch (1977)
* Contract on Cherry Street (1977) - Jimmy Monks
* Voices (1979) - Track Regular
* Manhattan (1979) - Pizzeria Waiter
* Fighting Back (1980) - Tony Parisi
* Bolero (1981)
* Arthur (1981) - Racetrack Owner
* Wolfen (1981) - Detective
* Bill (1981) - Harry
* Splitz (1982) - Vito Napoliani
* Vigilante (1982) - Court Officer
* Alphabet City (1984) - Gino
* The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) - Hollywood Executive
* Prizzi's Honor (1985) - Bocca
* Stone Pillow (1985) - Stan
* Forever, Lulu (1987) - Alphonse
* La vallée fantôme (1987) - Le père de Dara
* A Time to Remember (1987) - Frank Villano
* Alone in the Neon Jungle (1988) - Sgt. Sal Ruby
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990) - Chief Sterns
* Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze (1991) - Chief Sterns
* Sugar Hill (1994) - Sal Marconi
* The Silence of the Hams (1994) - Agent Prostitute #1
* Gotti (1996) - Frank LoCascio
* Safe Men (1998) - Barber
* Shepherd (1998) - Father Rizzo
* Men of Means (1998) - Tommy C.
* 18 Shades of Dust (1999) - Goon #3
* Wannabes (2000) - Uncle Tommy
* Mafioso: The Father, the Son (2001) - Don Salvatore
* Dead Canaries (2003) - Sammy Caso
* Mail Order Bride (2003) - Robber
* Our Italian Husband (2004) - Copy Shop Owner
* Hot Ice, No-one Is Safe (2010) - Charlie the Bullet (final film role)

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1976 | The Practice | Harry | 1 episode |
| 1976 | Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman | Joe Sweeney | 1 episode |
| 1977 | Kojak | Al Gregorio | 1 episode |
| 1981–1982 | The Edge of Night | Eddie Lorimar | 103 episodes |
| 1982 | Love, Sidney | John | 1 episode |
| 1982 | Powerhouse | Lt. Al Gambrino | 1 episode |
| 1983 | Archie Bunker's Place | Marty Marquetti | 1 episode |
| 1986 | Spenser: For Hire | Joe Broz | 2 episodes |
| 1984–1986 | American Playhouse | Callas / J. Edgar Hoover | 2 episodes |
| 1986 | Crime Story | Noah Ganz | 2 episodes |
| 1987 | The Equalizer | Antonio | Episode: "Carnal Persuasion" |
| 1987 | CBS Summer Playhouse | Carmine | Episode: "The Saint in Manhattan" (S1.E1) |
| 1990 | True Blue | | 1 episode |
| 1991 | Who's the Boss? | Gus Stone | 1 episode |
| 1991 | Murphy Brown | Building Superintendent | 1 episode |
| 1992 | Matlock | Jay Cutler | 1 episode |
| 1992 | Nurses | Officer Torres | 1 episode |
| 1993 | Knots Landing | Deputy | 1 episode |
| 1993 | Reasonable Doubts | Eddie Novak | 1 episode |
| 1993 | The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles | Colosimo | 1 episode |
| 1993 | Murder, She Wrote | Ben Eigers | 1 episode |
| 2001 | The Job | Man in Store | 1 episode |
# Dustin Yu

Dustin Charles Yu (born May 13, 2002) is a Filipino actor and businessman. He gained recognition for his roles in various television series and films, particularly in Mano Po Legacy: The Family Fortune and Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Collab Edition.

## Early life and education

Yu was born and raised in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Despite pursuing his showbiz career, Dustin continues to focus on his studies as a third-year marketing student at the University of Santo Tomas.

## Career
### Television

Yu began his television career in 2021 portraying a various roles in some episodes of Drama anthology series Regal Studio Presents episodes. He later joined the Philippine Drama series Mano Po Legacy: The Family Fortune portraying Kenneth Chan.
Television :
| Year | Title | Role |
| 2021 | Regal Studio Presents: Myra's Miracle | Adrian |
| 2022 | Mano Po Legacy: The Family Fortune | Kenneth Chan |
| 2022 | Regal Studio Presents: Ate Knows Best | Dave |
| 2022 | Regal Studio Presents: Super Besh | Justin |
| 2022 | Regal Studio Presents: Isn't She Lovely | Matt |
| 2022 | The Wall Philippines | Himself/Guest Player |
| 2022 | Mano Po Legacy: The Flower Sisters | Kenneth Chan |
| 2022-23 | TiktoClock | Himself/Guest |
| 2022-24 | Family Feud Philippines | Himself/Guest Player |
| 2023 | Regal Studio Presents: My Family, My Home | Peter |
| 2023 | Regal Studio Presents: The One That Goat Away | Ponyong |
| 2023 | Sarap, 'Di Ba? | Himself/Guest |
| 2023 | Regal Studio Presents: Car Wash Boys | Timmy |
| 2023 | Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy ang Kuwento | Junjun |
| 2023 | Daddy's Gurl: In Check na Yarn | Dustin Chan |
| 2023 | Black Rider | Timothy Geronimo |
| 2024 | Pulang Araw | Kenji |
| 2025 | Binibining Marikit | Baron |
| 2025 | Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Collab Edition | Himself/Housemate |

### Films

Yu made his film debut in Shake, Rattle & Roll Extreme (2023) as Bong, earning him the New Movie Actor of the Year award at the 40th PMPC Star Movie Awards in 2024.
He also appeared in Guilty Pleasure under Regal Entertainment in 2024.

## Personal life

Yu is active on social media, particularly Instagram, where he shares updates about his professional and personal life. He stands at 5 feet 8 inches (172.7 cm).
In 2025, Dustin admitted to having a crush on actress and social media personality Ivana Alawi while inside the Pinoy Big Brother house. His admiration for Alawi became evident during the show, as he openly expressed his feelings and fondness for her. This revelation caught the attention of viewers, leading to widespread discussions and fan speculations about a possible romantic connection between them.
Despite Yu’s confession, there was no official confirmation of a romantic relationship between him and Alawi. Their interactions inside the PBB house were closely followed by fans, but Alawi did not explicitly reciprocate Yu’s feelings. Nevertheless, their moments together became a highlight of the season, fueling intrigue and excitement among their supporters.

## Awards and nominations

* New Movie Actor of the Year – Shake Rattle & Roll Extreme (2024), 40th PMPC Star Movie Awards
# CFEL-FM

CFEL-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Quebec City, Quebec, but the station's official city of license is Lévis.
Owned and operated by Leclerc Communication Inc., it is a Class C1 FM station that broadcasts on 102.1 MHz using a directional antenna.
The station has an alternative rock format branded as blvd 102.1.

## History

Originally based in and licensed to Montmagny, CFEL-FM received its first licence in December 1986 and replaced CKBM 1490, an unrelated station that closed due to a bankruptcy in 1983.
On July 8, 2008, 591991 B.C. Ltd., a numbered company owned by Corus Entertainment, applied to move CFEL's transmitter from L'Ange-Gardien to a new site in Quebec City. The objective of moving the transmitter is to achieve better coverage of the Lévis and Quebec City market. On October 3, 2008, this request was granted. CFEL-FM became CKOI 102,1 Québec on November 6, 2009 as part of the short-lived CKOI network of stations, adopting the same logo and branding as its sister stations CKOI Montreal and CKOI Estrie.
On April 30, 2010, it was announced that Cogeco will acquire all radio stations owned by Corus in Quebec for $80 million. The sale was approved by the CRTC on December 17, 2010, on the condition that CFEL-FM be resold to another party by December 2011.
On November 9, 2011, Cogeco announced a deal to sell CFEL-FM and CJEC-FM to Leclerc Communication Inc., a broadcaster owned by Jacques Leclerc, a local businessman who owns Laura Secord Chocolates and Biscuits Leclerc. The sale was approved by the CRTC on January 19 and completed on January 31, 2012. The stations were delisted from Cogeco Diffusion's website shortly thereafter. Following its transfer to Leclerc, the station switched to an all-locally originated schedule and imaging, but retaining the CKOI branding and Corus-era logo. The station formerly used the "La radio des hits" slogan used by Astral Media's NRJ network, even though that slogan was changed after NRJ's change.
In the fall of 2012, CFEL-FM adopted the same current branding and slogan as CKOI-FM, also under license from Cogeco. This arrangement would continue until September 2, 2015, when the station was rebranded as blvd 102.1. The station's format changed from Top 40 to Adult Top 40 and now offers an all talk morning show with Stéphane Gasse.
# Minal Khan

Minal Ahsan (Urdu: منال خان, née Khan ; born on 20 November 1992) is a Pakistani influencer and former television actress. She made her acting debut as a child artist in Kaash Main Teri Beti Na Hoti (2011) and since then appeared in television serials including Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah (2014), Sun Yaara (2016), Hum Sab Ajeeb Se Hain (2017), Parchayee (2018), Ki Jaana Main Kaun (2018), Hasad (2019). Jalan (2020) and Ishq Hai (2021).

## Personal life

Khan was born along with her twin sister Aiman Khan on 20 November 1992. She attended Ideal Federal Secondary school in Karachi. Her mother Uzma Mubeen is a housewife. Besides Aiman, she has three brothers. She belongs to the Urdu Speaking family from Karachi. She married her co-actor from drama "Parachayee", Ahsan Mohsin Ikram on 11 June 2021 and both later tied knot on 10 September 2021.
On 1 November 2023, Minal Khan gave birth to her son Muhammed Hassan Ikram.

## Career

Khan's acting debut was in the Geo TV drama Kaash Main Teri Beti Na Hoti (2011–12). This was followed by a supporting role on the sitcom series Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah (2012) on ARY Digital.
She appeared in the 2013 social drama Mann Ke Moti. She was seen along with Yasra Rizvi, Faysal Qureshi and her sister Aiman Khan. Subsequently, she gained wider recognition for appearing in a supporting role in the 2014 drama Mere Meherbaan, the romantic drama Mol (2015), and comedy-dramas Mithu Aur Aapa (2015), Joru Ka Ghulam (2016) and Hum Sab Ajeeb Se Hain (2016).
Khan's first lead role as a protagonist was in Urdu 1's Beti To Main Bhi Hun (2017), as the simple, studious and reclusive Haya, followed by the lead role in Hum TV's Parchayee as Pari. Khan briefly appeared in one episode of Angeline Malik's directorial anthology series Ustani Jee on Hum TV. She was also seen as a simple housewife in Kabhi Band Kabhi Baja opposite Hammad Farooqui (2018) and as Sualeha in A-Plus TV's Ghamand (2018).

## Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Kaash Main Teri Beti Na Hoti | Bano | |
| 2013 | Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah | Aneesa | |
| 2013 | Mann Ke Moti | Kavish | |
| 2013 | Cricket Is My Dream | Bismah Maroof | |
| 2014 | Mere Meherbaan | Fariya | |
| 2015 | Mol | Ghazia | |
| 2015 | Mithu Aur Aapa | | |
| 2016 | Joru Ka Ghulam | Suhaina | |
| 2016–2017 | Hum Sab Ajeeb Se Hain | Eisha | |
| 2017 | Sun Yaara | Hina Afaq | |
| 2017 | Malkin | Semi | |
| 2017 | Beti To Main Bhi Hun | Haya | |
| 2017 | Laut Ke Chalay Aana | Khadija | |
| 2017 | Dil Nawaz | Kiran | |
| 2017–2018 | Parchayee | Pari | |
| 2018 | Ustani Jee | Salma | Episode 1 |
| 2018 | Ghamand | Umm e Hani | |
| 2018 | Kabhi Band Kabhi Baja | Lubna | Episode 2 |
| 2018 | Ki Jaana Main Kaun | Meher | |
| 2019 | Hassad | Naintara | |
| 2019 | Aey Ishq | Sadia | web series |
| 2019–2020 | Qismat | Soha | |
| 2020 | Jalan | Nisha | |
| 2020 | Nand | Rabi | |
| 2021 | Ishq Hai | Isra | ARY Digital |
| 2021 | Lockdown | Zoya | Telefilm |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result |
| 2022 | 21st LSA | Best Actress Viewer's Choice | Ishq Hai | Nominated |
# Traditional leaders in South Africa

Traditional leaders in South Africa represent the country's indigenous communities and act as custodians of cultural tradition and practice and customary law.

## Chapter Twelve of the Constitution

The Constitution recognises traditional leaders and allows for an act of Parliament to establish a national house of traditional leaders and/or a council of traditional leaders, and for an act of a provincial legislature to establish a provincial house of traditional leaders.

## Institutions by tier of Government
### National House of Traditional and Khoi-San Leaders

The National House of Traditional and Khoi-San Leaders is a body of 23 traditional leaders in South Africa, representing the eight provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders. Until 1998 it was called the National Council of Traditional Leaders. It advises Parliament on issues related to customary law.

### Provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders

There are provincial Houses of Traditional Leaders in every province except the Western Cape.

### Local Houses of Traditional Leaders

By February 2008, 70% of local houses were established.

## Controversies

In 2010, 6 of the 13 kingships were converted to lower-level leaderships, because some of the kings were originally appointed by the white minority government with few legitimate claims to their thrones in order to "divide and rule."
The Constitutional Court ruled that it was unlawful for traditional authorities to collect levies on services. In 2023, the Constitutional Court ruled that Parliament had not facilitated public participation in passing the Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act 2019.