OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bettina (opera)

Bettina is a chamber opera with music by Friedrich Schenker to a libretto by Karl Mickel. The topic is the writer Bettina von Arnim and her relationship with Karoline von Günderrode. The work is described as an "opera for one actress (mezzo-soprano), children's choir, tape and ensemble". Written in 1982, it was premiered at the Theater im Palais [de] in Berlin in 1987, and was published by Breitkopf & Härtel.

## History

Bettina is a chamber opera with music by Friedrich Schenker. The libretto by Karl Mickel deals with the relationship between Bettina von Arnim and Karoline von Günderrode, based on Goethe's Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde, an epistolary novel by Arnim, published in Berlin in 1835. The work is described as an "opera for one actress (mezzo-soprano), children's choir, tape, and ensemble". Written in 1982, it was premiered at the Theater im Palais in Berlin on 2 September 1987, with Annette Jahns as the singer, the choir of the Paul-Dessau-Oberschule Zeuthen and a chamber music ensemble, conducted by Gert Bahner [de]. It was recorded with the premiere performers. The duration is about 80 minutes.
It was published by Breitkopf & Härtel.

## Plot

The relationship between Bettina von Arnim and Karoline von Günderrode is viewed in retrospect, after Günderrode's suicide. The only singer, a mezzo-soprano, takes both roles, in both taped and actual music. A children's choir acts as in Greek tragedy, sometimes commenting, sometimes interacting.

## Music

According to a reviewer, Schenker depicts the two women as developed and contradictory characters: "they are divided internally, on the path to emotional and intellectual emancipation. Strength and weakness, chaos and clarity lie harshly side by side in the music". Günderrode is represented by a waltz theme, while the music for Arnim turns to march rhythms when she decides to suppress femininity in order to survive, "Hart muss ich werden wie Stahl" (I must become hard like steel).
# Charles Patin

Charles Patin (23 February 1633 – 10 October 1693) was a French physician and numismatist. He was the son of Guy Patin, dean of the school of medicine in Paris, and a friend of Jacob Spon. Trained first by his father, he obtained a law degree and then chose to study medicine. He became best known for his numismatic work. He married the moralist author Madeleine Hommetz: their daughter Gabrielle-Charlotte Patin became a painter and numismatist, and their daughter Charlotte-Catherine Patin became a writer.
# Mathew Ibe

Mathew Ibe (died February 2025) was a Nigerian politician. He was a member of the Abia State House of Assembly representing Umunneochi State Constituency. He served three terms in the state legislature. He served as a local government transition committee chairman.
# Snacktime!

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | |
| Entertainment Weekly | B+ |
Snacktime! is a children's-themed studio album by Canadian band Barenaked Ladies released on 6 May 2008 by Desperation Records. A companion book was written with artwork by multi-instrumentalist Kevin Hearn, who also contributed artwork for the album. It is the final Barenaked Ladies album to include Steven Page, who departed the band on 25 February 2009. He was subsequently quoted, saying of the album, "[i]t was a lot of fun to do, but it wasn't my idea. I was along for the ride."
Snacktime! reached number 10 on the Canadian charts and peaked at No. 61 on the Billboard 200. It also won a 2009 Juno Award for the Children's Album of the Year.

## Guests

The first song in the Canadian Snacktime Trilogy, entitled "Snacktime", features numerous guest callers stating their favourite snack. Callers consist of either celebrities or children of the band. Several celebrities and children with their respective snacks of choice are listed below, in order of appearance.
* Geddy Lee, barbecue potato chips
* Jonah Page, marshmallows
* Harland Williams, blueberry pie
* Finn Creeggan, crackers
* Lyle Lovett, watermelon
* Hazel Stewart, nori
* Sarah McLachlan, chocolate
* Ben Page, 3 lb lobster
* Martin Tielli, olives
* Hannah Robertson, salt & vinegar chips
* David Suzuki, sembei
* Jason Priestley, macaroni & cheese
* Arden Robertson, popcorn
* Gord Downie, peanut butter & crackers
* Isaac Page, ice cream
* Mike Smith (as Bubbles), pickled eggs
* Mili Stewart, Cheezies
* "Weird Al" Yankovic, honey roasted peanuts
* Lyle Robertson, jellybeans
* Janeane Garofalo, microwaved chocolate doughnuts
* Kevin Hearn (as Zignon Five), microchips
* Gordon Lightfoot, pasta
The trilogy concept is influenced by the song "Canadian Railroad Trilogy" (1966) by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot.
# 2025 Macedonian anti-corruption protests

A series of public demonstrations erupted following a nightclub fire in Kočani that killed 59 people and injured over 150. The fire had intensified public outrage over alleged corruption and systemic safety violations within the country.

## Background

At 2:35 a.m. on 16 March 2025, about 500 people were attending a concert of Macedonian hip-hop duo DNK in the Pulse Nightclub in Kočani, though only 250 tickets were sold. Perpendicular sparkling gerbs or "stage fountains", a type of indoor firework, were lit during their performance. Their sparks ignited flammable acoustic foam sheets that burned across the roof structure, rapidly engulfing the entire venue in flames and toxic smoke.

## Protests

In the aftermath, thousands of citizens took to the streets in Kočani and the capital city, Skopje, expressing grief and anger. Demonstrations in Kočani turned violent, with protesters attacking municipal properties linked to the nightclub. Authorities have urged calm and initiated nationwide inspections of entertainment venues to address safety compliance.
Protesters targeted and destroyed a pub believed to be owned by the same individual responsible for the nightclub. The pub, which was located near the site of the fire, was vandalized by angry demonstrators who were demanding justice and accountability for the incident. Windows were smashed, and property was damaged as part of the protest's escalation into violence. This act was seen as a direct response to the widespread anger over alleged corruption and safety violations linked to the nightclub's operation.

## Government Response

The Macedonian government declared a seven-day national mourning period and launched investigations into the incident. Several officials, including a former economy minister, have been detained in connection with the tragedy. The government has also ordered nationwide inspections of all nightclubs and entertainment venues to ensure adherence to safety regulations.

## International Reaction

The European Union has offered support, highlighting concerns that systemic corruption, as revealed by this tragedy, could impede North Macedonia's EU accession efforts.
# Zoca

Jair Arantes do Nascimento (22 July 1942 – 25 March 2020), known as Zoca, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a forward. He was the brother of Pelé and son of Dondinho.

## Footballing career

Zoca was born in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, two years after his older brother, legendary Brazilian footballer Pelé. He grew up in the Bauru municipality in São Paulo state as a child, joining the youth academy of Noroeste in the 1950s. He moved to Santos, São Paulo, joining Portuguesa Santista, where he played briefly before following in his brother's footsteps and signing for Santos in 1960.
He made his debut for Santos on 10 April 1961, coming on as a substitute for Coutinho in a 7–1 win over America-RJ. In the last minute of the game, Santos won a penalty, and though he stepped up to take it, Zoca scores and his team won. Between April and June 1962, with seven members of the Santos squad at the 1962 FIFA World Cup, Zoca was given a run in the squad for the Copa São Paulo. His first official goal for Santos came in this competition, scoring in a 2–1 loss to Corinthians de Presidente Prudente. In total, he scored four goals in fifteen games for Santos, before retiring in 1966 to focus on supporting his brother's career.

## Later life and death

Zoca received degrees in marketing and law from the Catholic University of Santos and University of São Paulo, respectively. He worked as his brother's business manager during his time with the New York Cosmos.
In 1979, with Zoca looking to study English at the Manhattanville College in Purchase, New York, the athletic director of the college, Joe Daunic, reached out and offered him the chance to coach the college women's soccer team while he studied, in an attempt to improve his English by immersing himself. Initially reluctant, Zoca eventually agreed, going on to manage the side for three seasons. In 1982, he was the assistant of the Long Island University women's soccer team.
Zoca died on 25 March 2020, after suffering with prostate cancer.
# Yukon High School

Yukon High School is a secondary school located within Canadian County in Yukon, Oklahoma.

## Notable alumni

* Phil Ball (1943), former college football coach
* Garth Brooks (1980), country singer
* Cam Martin (2017), NBA G League basketball player
* Vernon Turner (2017), Olympic high jumper
* Carson Benge (2021), baseball player in the New York Mets organization

## Clubs and organizations

Yukon has won state titles in softball (1986, 1991, 1997, 2000, 2010); boys basketball (1974, 1979); baseball (1982, 1996, 1997); boys bowling (2012, 2014); cheerleading (2002); and pom (2004, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020).
# Penitente (snow formation)

Penitentes, or nieves penitentes (Spanish for "penitent snows"), are snow formations found at high altitudes. They take the form of elongated, thin blades of hardened snow or ice, closely spaced and pointing towards the general direction of the sun.
The name comes from the resemblance of a field of penitentes to a crowd of kneeling people doing penance. The formation evokes the tall, pointed habits and hoods worn by brothers of religious orders in the Processions of Penance during Spanish Holy Week. In particular, the brothers' hats are tall, narrow, and white, with a pointed top.
These spires of snow and ice grow over all glaciated and snow-covered areas in the Dry Andes above 4,000 metres (13,000 ft). They range in length from a few centimetres to over 5 metres (16 ft).

## First description

Penitentes were first described in scientific literature by Charles Darwin in 1839. On March 22, 1835, he had to squeeze his way through snowfields covered in penitentes near the Piuquenes Pass, on the way from Santiago de Chile to the Argentine city of Mendoza, and reported the local belief (continuing to the present day) that they were formed by the strong winds of the Andes.

## Formation

Penitentes are tall, thin blades of hardened snow sculpted by the sun. As the sun hits the snow, it transforms it directly into vapor without melting it, through sublimation. Initially smooth, the snow surface thus develops depressions, hills, and hollows as some regions sublimate faster than others. As the carved surfaces then continue to concentrate sunlight, they help to speed up the process. This results in icy snow columns that look like towering spikes.
Louis Lliboutry noted that the key climatic condition behind the differential ablation that leads to the formation of penitentes is a dew point that remains below freezing. This combined with dry air will cause snow to sublimate. A mathematical model of the process has been developed by Betterton, although the physical processes at the initial stage of penitente growth, from granular snow to micropenitentes, still remain unclear. The effect of penitentes on the energy balance of the snow surface, and therefore their effect on snow melt and water resources has also been studied.

## Non-terrestrial

Penitentes up to 15 metres (49 ft) high are suggested to be present in the tropics zone on Europa, a satellite of Jupiter. According to a 2017 study, NASA's New Horizons mission discovered penitentes hundreds of meters high on Pluto, likely composed primarily of methane ice deposited seasonally from Pluto's thin atmosphere. The structures occupy a region named Tartarus Dorsa, a name that was formally accepted by the IAU in August 2017.
# Change My Life (Epic Soundtracks album)

Change My Life is the final studio album by the English musician Epic Soundtracks, released in 1996, a year before his death. It was his third album for Bar/None Records. A North American tour to support the album was canceled when the United States Customs Service refused to allow Soundtracks to enter the country, allegedly because the agency considered his earlier Chicago band practices to be paying live dates.

## Production

The album was produced primarily by Henry Olsen. Luke Haines assisted Soundtracks during the recording sessions. "Nighttime" and "Thirteen" are covers of the Alex Chilton songs, included as a bonus track.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings :
| Review scores ||
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Alternative Rock | 8/10 |
| Calgary Herald | |
| The Encyclopedia of Popular Music | |
| MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide | |
The Calgary Herald said that the "songs sound like Spector or Wilson stripped bare, like Thunders turned prissy and a whole lot like Chilton." The Province concluded that the album "seems to be a conscious attempt to pay tribute to his pre-punk pop influences, notably Brian Wilson minus the lush Beach Boys harmonies but with the lilting sweep of Pet Sounds-era melodies." CMJ New Music Monthly called the album "bland, sentimental nonsense—i.e., wonderful pop music."
AllMusic opined that when Soundtracks "tries to rock harder, the results are strained and awkward, as his voice isn't strong enough to carry raucous material." Trouser Press noted that "Stealaway" "adds horns and tubular bells (!) to the mix and allows him to indulge his Spectorsound obsession."
# Akademio de Esperanto

The Akademio de Esperanto (AdE; English: Academy of Esperanto) is an independent body of Esperanto speakers who steward the evolution of said language by keeping it consistent with the Fundamento de Esperanto in accordance with the Declaration of Boulogne. Modeled somewhat after the Académie française and the Real Academia Española, the Akademio was proposed by L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, at the first World Esperanto Congress, and was founded soon thereafter under the name Lingva Komitato (Language Committee). This Committee had a "superior commission" called the Akademio. In 1948, within the framework of a general reorganization, the Language Committee and the Academy combined to form the Akademio de Esperanto.
The Akademio consists of 45 members and has a president, vice presidents, and a secretary. The Academy also elects "Correspondents" -- eminent individuals who are not able to regularly participate in the work of the Academy, but would like to lend their name to it. The corresponding address including e-mail is at the secretary. It is funded by a subsidy from the Universal Esperanto Association and by donations.

## Members

Members are elected by their peers for a period of nine years, with elections being held every three years for a third of the members. Following the last elections in February 2025, the Akademio de Esperanto consists of the following members:
* Javier Alcalde
* BAK Giwan
* Marc Bavant
* Hans Becklin
* Cyril Robert Brosch
* Eckhard Bick
* Duncan Charters
* CHO Sung Ho
* Markos Kramer (Marcos Cramer)
* Probal Dasgupta
* Simon Davies
* Birke Dockhorn
* Mariana Evlogieva
* GONG Xiaofeng (Arko)
* Grant Goodall
* Edmund Grimley-Evans
* Nikolao Gudskov
* Maritza Gutiérrez González
* HIROTAKA Masaaki
* Jesper Jacobsen
* Ruth Kevess-Cohen
* LIU Haitao
* François Lo Jacomo
* Anna Löwenstein
* Ahmad Mamdoohi
* MAO Zifu
* Valentin Melnikov
* Lee Miller
* Carlo Minnaja
* Abel Montagut
* Brian Moon
* Pavel Mozhaev (Paŭlo Moĵajev)
* Jorge Rafael (Rafa) Nogueras
* Marc van Oostendorp
* Tim Owen
* Paul Peeraerts
* Jukka Pietiläinen
* Fernando Pita
* A. Giridhar Rao
* Orlando E. Raola
* Nicola Ruggiero
* Alexander Shlafer
* Maria Rosaria (Sara) Spanò
* José Antonio Vergara
* Amri Wandel
* Bertilo Wennergren
Former members have included Gaston Waringhien, Rüdiger Eichholz, Jorge Camacho, Victor Sadler, Michel Duc-Goninaz, Lena Karpunina, and William Auld (president, 1979–1983).

## Correspondents

As of February 2025, these are the Correspondents of the Academy: Wael Al-Mahdi, Joakim Enwall, Sabine Fiedler, Federico Gobbo, Ingrid Maier, Melanie Maradan, Veronika Poór, Keyhan Sayadpour Zanjani, and Esther Schor.
# Bettina (opera)

Bettina is a chamber opera with music by Friedrich Schenker to a libretto by Karl Mickel. The topic is the writer Bettina von Arnim and her relationship with Karoline von Günderrode. The work is described as an "opera for one actress (mezzo-soprano), children's choir, tape and ensemble". Written in 1982, it premiered at the Theater im Palais [de] in Berlin in 1987, and was published by Breitkopf & Härtel.

## History

Bettina is a chamber opera with music by Friedrich Schenker. The libretto by Karl Mickel deals with the relationship between Bettina von Arnim and Karoline von Günderrode, based on Goethe's Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde, an epistolary novel by Arnim, published in Berlin in 1835. The work is described as an "opera for one actress (mezzo-soprano), children's choir, tape, and ensemble". Written in 1982, it was premiered at the Theater im Palais in Berlin on 2 September 1987, with Annette Jahns as the singer, the choir of the Paul-Dessau-Oberschule Zeuthen and a chamber music ensemble, conducted by Gert Bahner [de]. It was recorded with the premiere performers. The duration is about 80 minutes.
It was published by Breitkopf & Härtel.

## Plot

The relationship between Bettina von Arnim and Karoline von Günderrode is viewed in retrospect, after Günderrode's suicide. The only singer, a mezzo-soprano, takes both roles, in both taped and actual music. A children's choir acts as in Greek tragedy, sometimes commenting, sometimes interacting.

## Music

According to a reviewer, Schenker depicts the two women as developed and contradictory characters: "They are divided internally, on the path to emotional and intellectual emancipation. Strength and weakness, chaos and clarity lie harshly side by side in the music". Günderrode is represented by a waltz theme, while the music for Arnim turns to march rhythms when she decides to suppress femininity in order to survive, "Hart muss ich werden wie Stahl" (I must become hard like steel).
# Wycombe Repertory Theatre

The Wycombe Repertory Theatre, later referred to as the Tower Theatre and the Intimate Theatre, was a repertory (or stock) theatre in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. It opened in 1946 and closed in 1958.

## History

The Wycombe Repertory Theatre opened on 16 December 1946, an event attended by Hugh Williams. The original management consisted of director Ian Dobbie, production manager Nick Simms, stage manager Jack Stone, and catering manager Edward Shoesmith, the four of whom had served with the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers during World War II. The first play at the Wycombe was Gerald Savoy's George and Margaret. The theatre contained approximately 300 seats.
In March 1952 the theatre, which had undergone various personnel changes since its opening, was renamed to the Tower Theatre. In June 1953, an appeal was made for increased attendance in order to keep the theatre open. Though the theatre did indeed remain open, it was taken over in August of that year by George Radford. The first play produced under this new management was The Gioconda Smile.
In 1954, management of the theatre changed hands to actor-producer Neil Gibson. The theatre was renamed once again in 1955, this time to the Intimate Theatre. The theatre went on to experience financial difficulties throughout the late 1950s. Attempts to remedy these difficulties included subscription-based ticket sales, the opening of a membership-only licensed bar, and a Supporters' Club dance. While these activities were successful in their own right, they did little to improve the financial situation of the theatre. In April 1957, Gibson announced that he was closing the theatre for the summer.
The theatre reopened in July 1957. Despite various attempts to draw in larger crowds, the theatre's financial difficulties continued through 1958. In December of that year, Gibson announced the final closure of the theatre after having presented nearly 400 shows in its 12 years of operation.
# 51 Eridani b

51 Eridani b is a "Jupiter-like" planet that orbits the young F0 V star 51 Eridani, in the constellation Eridanus. It is 96 light years away from the solar system, and it is approximately 20 million years old.

## Discovery

51 Eridani b was announced in August 2015, but was discovered in December 2014 using the Gemini Planet Imager, an international project led by the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. 51 Eridani b is the first exoplanet discovered by the Gemini Planet Imager. The Gemini Planet Imager was specifically created to discern and evaluate dim, newer planets orbiting bright stars through “direct imaging.” Direct imaging allows astronomers to use adaptive optics to sharpen the resolution of the image of a target star, then obstruct its starlight. Any residual incoming light is then scrutinized, and the brightest spots suggest a possible planet. Prior to the discovery of 51 Eridani b, each of the directly imaged worlds previously discovered had been gas giants many times the mass of Jupiter.

## Physical characteristics

The planet has a mass at least 2.6M$_J$, but not more than 11M$_J$. Its radius is about 1.11 times the radius of Jupiter. It orbits 11.1 AU from its host star, and has an orbital period of roughly 10,000 days. The average temperature is 807±45 K, which is substantially hotter than the 130 K average temperature of Jupiter, the planet in the Solar System of closest size.

### Atmosphere

51 Eridani b has relatively low C/O molar ratio of 0.38±0.09. The planet has the second strongest methane signature of any exoplanet, after GJ 504 b. This methane signature, along with the low luminosity of the object, should produce additional clues as to how 51 Eridani b was formed. Astronomers also detected the presence of water and ammonia in the planet's spectrum. Atmospheric modeling favors a low surface gravity and a partly cloudy atmosphere.
The detection of water and carbon dioxide in the planetary atmosphere was announced in 2025. It was the second time CO$_2$ was directly detected in an exoplanet.
# Loricaria lentiginosa

Loricaria lentiginosa is a species of catfish of the family Loricariidae. It is endemic to the upper Paraná River basin in Brazil. It reaches 51.4 cm (20.2 inches) in standard length and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. The species was described by Dutch ichthyologist Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker in 1979.
They are 40 cm long and thus fully grown. Like in all species of Loricaria they are paternal mouthbrooders. The male transports the eggs that stick together with its moutn until they hatch.