OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Udayadivākara

Udayadivākara (c. 1073 CE) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who authored an influential and elaborate commentary, called Sundari, on Laghu-bhāskarīya of Bhāskara I. No personal details about Udayadivākara are known. Since the commentary Sundari takes the year 1073 CE as its epoch, probably the commentary was completed about that year. Sundari has not yet been published and is available only in manuscript form. Some of these manuscripts are preserved in the manuscript depositories in Thiruvananthapuram. According to K. V. Sarma, historian of the astronomy and mathematics of the Kerala school, Udayadivākara probably hailed from Kerala, India.

## Historical significance of Sundari

Apart from the fact that Sundari is an elaborate commentary, it has some historical significance. It has quoted extensively from a now lost work by a little known mathematician Jayadeva. The quotations relate to the cakravala method for solving indeterminate integral equations of the form $Nx^{2}+1=y^{2}$. This shows that the method predates Bhaskara II contrary to generally held beliefs. Another important reference to Jayadeva’s work is the solution of the indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, $C$ being positive or negative.

## A problem and its solution

Udayadivākara used his method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$ to obtain some particular solutions to a certain algebraic problem. The problem and Udayadivākara's solution to the problem are presented below only to illustrate the techniques used by Indian astronomers for solving algebraic equations.

### Problem

Find positive integers $x$ and $y$ satisfying the following conditions:
    ${\begin{aligned}x+y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\x-y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\xy+1&={\text{a prefect square}}.\end{aligned}}$

### Solution

To solve the problem, Udayadivākara makes a series of apparently arbitrary assumptions all aimed at reducing the problem to one of solving an indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$.
Udayadivākara begins by assuming that $xy+1=(2y+1)^{2}$ which can be written in the form $x-y=3y+4$. He next assumes that $3y+4=(3z+2)^{2}$ which, together with the earlier equation, yields
    ${\begin{aligned}x&=12z^{2}+16z+4,\\y&=3z^{2}+4z,\\x+y&=15z^{2}+20z+4.\end{aligned}}$
Now, Udayadivākara puts
    $15z^{2}+20z+4=u^{2}$
which is then transformed to the equation
    $(30z+20)^{2}=60u^{2}+160.$
This equation is of the form $Nx^{2}+C=\lambda ^{2}$ with $N=60$, $C=160$ and $\lambda =30z+20$. Using the method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, Udayadivākara finds the following solutions $(u=2,\lambda =20)$, $(u=18,\lambda =140)$ and $(u=8802,\lambda =68180)$ from which the values of $x$ and $y$ are obtained by back substitution.
# Tucson Sugar Skulls

The Tucson Sugar Skulls are a professional indoor football team based in Tucson, Arizona, that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Sugar Skulls began play in the 2019 season as an expansion team. The team plays its home games at Tucson Convention Center's Tucson Arena. The franchise is led by owners Cathy Guy, wife of Arizona Rattlers' head coach Kevin Guy, and Ali Farhang. Their head coach is Billy Back.

## History

The franchise was announced by the ownership group led by Kevin and Cathy Guy at a press conference held on August 23, 2018, at the Tucson Convention Center. As Kevin Guy was also the head coach of the Arizona Rattlers, Cathy was named the majority owner of the Tucson team to oversee primary operations along with Mike Feder and Ali Farhang. The team announced Marcus Coleman as its first head coach on September 12, 2018. The team name was revealed on September 20, 2018, after a name-the-team contest originating from the local tradition of creating sugar skulls for Día de Muertos (Day of the Dead) and the Roman Catholic holiday of All Souls Day.
The team qualified for the playoffs in their first season with a 7–7 record. They lost to the eventual league champion Sioux Falls Storm 50–47 in the first round. After the season, the Sugar Skulls hired two-time IFL coach of the year Dixie Wooten away from the Iowa Barnstormers as head coach and general manager for the 2020 season. However, the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic before the Sugar Skulls played any games.

## Statistics
### Season-by-season results

| League champions | Playoff berth | League leader |
| Season | League | Conference | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Postseason results |
| Season | League | Conference | Finish | Wins | Losses | Ties | Postseason results |
| 2019 | IFL | | 6th | 7 | 7 | 0 | Lost first round (Sioux Falls) 47–50 |
| 2020 | IFL | Season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2021 | IFL | | 9th | 6 | 8 | 0 | |
| 2022 | IFL | Western | 3rd | 9 | 7 | 0 | Lost first round (Northern Arizona) 30-49 |
| 2023 | IFL | Western | 3rd | 9 | 6 | 0 | Lost first round (Bay Area) 46-34 |
| 2024 | IFL | Western | 8th | 2 | 14 | 0 | |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 33 | 42 | 0 | All-time regular season record (2019–2024) |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 0 | 3 | 0 | All-time postseason record (2019–2024) |
| Totals | Totals | Totals | Totals | 33 | 45 | 0 | All-time regular season and postseason record (2019–2024) |

### Head coaches

Note: Statistics are correct through the 2022 IFL season.
| Name | Term | Regular season | Regular season | Regular season | Playoffs | Playoffs | Awards |
| Name | Term | W | L | Win% | W | L | Awards |
| Marcus Coleman | 2019 | 7 | 7 | .500 | 0 | 1 | |
| Dixie Wooten | 2020–2022 | 15 | 15 | .500 | 0 | 1 | |
| Hurtiss Chinn | 2023 | 9 | 6 | .600 | 0 | 1 | |
| Billy Back | 2024-Present | 2 | 14 | .125 | 0 | 0 | |
# Dragoș Huiban

Dragoș Ionuț Huiban (born 29 January 1990) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder of forward for Liga II club Metaloglobus București.

## Honours
### CSA Steaua București

* Liga III: 2020–21
# Nina Wayne

Nina Wayne (born September 13, 1943) is a retired American actress.

## Early years

Wayne was born on September 13, 1943, in Chicago. In her hometown, Wayne began taking ballet lessons when she was three years old, and at age 6 she began taking classes in skating. She and her sister Carol Wayne performed for the Ice Capades as The Wayne Sisters. That act ended when her sister fell. Wayne stayed with the show for a year as a solo performer, after which she left and became a dancer.
"She stayed in Las Vegas for three years before moving on to New York where she was hired at the Latin Quarter." She was a dancer as part of Van Johnson's act there. During that same period she had a daytime job as a model.

## Career

She first appeared on The Tonight Show in October 1964. Wayne, the younger sister of fellow actress Carol Wayne, started working in television in 1965, appearing in 12 episodes of the series Camp Runamuck (as Caprice Yeudleman) and in an episode of Bewitched.
Wayne's first movie was Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round. Wayne's breakthrough came when she starred opposite Jack Lemmon and Peter Falk in the 1967 romantic comedy Luv. She followed with The Comic (1969) with Dick Van Dyke and Mickey Rooney. Her last appearance was in the 1973 TV supernatural drama The Night Strangler.

## Personal life

Wayne was married to, and is divorced from, John Drew Barrymore. Their daughter was Brahma Jessica Blyth Barrymore.

## Filmography

* Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round (1966) as Frieda Schmid
* Luv (1967) as Linda
* The Comic (1969) as Sybil Atlas
* The Night Strangler (1973) as Charisma Beauty
# Liddeston

Liddeston is a small coastal village in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It belongs to the Milford North ward of the community of Milford Haven in the historical hundred of Roose. It is located to the north of the town of Milford Haven and the village of Hubberston.

## History

The area that became Liddeston was originally a small hamlet or farm that was granted to the nearby Benedictine priory known as Pill Priory in the mid-thirteenth century. The original settlement was recorded as 'Lidden's township'. The settlement, along with the priory, was acquired in the 16th century by the Barlows of Slebech. It formed a main thoroughfare linking the hamlets of Lower Priory where the 12th century Pill Priory ruins are situated and Hubberston. Before the construction of Milford Docks, the waterway at Liddeston, known as Havens Head, provided shelter for vessels and processed unloaded lime. The opening of the docks meant that this trade ceased, and brought unemployment to the community.
To the northwest of Liddeston, on an exposed crest of a nearby hill, is the 'Long Stone', a standing stone. The Long Stone is of redstone, but little of it now remains.
# Unwilling Emigrants

Unwilling Emigrants is a book by Alexandra Hasluck. It is both a general study of Western Australia's convict era, and a biography of a particular convict, William Sykes. First published in 1959 by Oxford University Press in Melbourne, it was for many years the only published history of the era. One of eleven books that Hasluck wrote, it was republished in 1991 by Fremantle Arts Centre Press.
It also was produced in other formats.

## Publications

* Hasluck, Alexandra (1959), Unwilling Emigrants: a study of the convict period in Western Australia, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, OCLC 460594009, OL 18961156M, Wikidata Q7897821

## General references

* Hasluck, Alexandra (1991). Unwilling emigrants. Fremantle Art Centre Press. ISBN 978-1-86368-395-1.
# Rancho Cañada de Guadalupe la Visitación y Rodeo Viejo

Rancho Cañada de Guadalupe la Visitación y Rodeo Viejo (also called Ridley's Rancho) was a 6,416-acre (25.96 km$^2$) Mexican land grant in present-day San Mateo County, California, and San Francisco County, California given in 1841 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Jacob P. Leese. The rancho included three valleys: Cañada de Guadalupe, La Visitacion, and Rodeo Viejo. Rancho contained most of the present-day San Bruno Mountain, the city of Brisbane, Guadalupe Valley, and Visitacion Valley.

## History

Jacob Primer Leese (1809–1892), a trader from Ohio, married María Rosalia Vallejo, sister of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, in 1837. Lesse, who first came to California in 1833, took possession of the land grant entitled Rancho Cañada de Guadalupe la Visitacion y Rodeo Viejo in 1838, three years before he received the official title to the land.
Around the year 1843, Lesse traded his two-league grant to Robert T. Ridley (1818-1851) for the three-league Rancho Collayomi in Lake County. Ridley was an English sailor who was captain of the Port of San Francisco and had married Presentación Briones. Ridley never lived on the property nor developed it to any extent. Ridley died in 1851, and the land was sold at a sheriff's auction, with 700 acres (3 km2) going to Robert E. Eaton and the rest to Alfred Wheeler. Alfred Wheeler (1822–1903) was a prominent San Francisco land title lawyer.
With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, claims for Cañada de Guadalupe, la Visitación y Rodeo Viejo were filed in 1852 and 1853.
In 1865, 5,473 acres (22 km$^2$) of the grant were patented to Henry R. Payson. This tract was soon subdivided, with the Visitacion Land Company acquiring the largest portion. Another claim for 943 acres (4 km$^2$) of the grant were patented to William Pierce. Claims by Presentación Ridley were dismissed.
Central Pacific railroad magnate and banker Charles Crocker acquired 3,814 acres (15 km$^2$) of the Rancho in 1884 and another 183 acres (1 km$^2$) the following year. Crocker died in 1888, and the land became an asset of the Crocker Land Co. and then the Foremost McKesson Co.
# Apterocyclus palmatus

Apterocyclus palmatus is a species of stag beetle in the family Lucanidae. It is found on the island of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands.
Five specimens of Apterocyclus palmatus were found on the island of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands in 1919, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. They were originally described as a subspecies of Apterocyclus honoluluensis, but are now considered a separate species. No specimens have recently been discovered, and the species may now be extinct.
Apterocyclus palmatus are 22–23 mm in length, and are identified by their long mandibles that have no internal teeth, and the distinctive shape of their front tibia.
# Trinidad and Tobago Guardian

The Trinidad and Tobago Guardian (together with the Sunday Guardian) is the oldest daily newspaper in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper is considered the newspaper of record for Trinidad and Tobago. The slogan of the paper is The Guardian of Democracy.
The newspaper is owned and published by Guardian Media Limited. The main office of the Guardian is located at St. Vincent Street, Port of Spain, with a branch office on Chancery Lane, San Fernando, and the Head office which is located on 4-10 Rodney Road in Chaguanas.

## Format

It began as a broadsheet but in November 2002 changed to tabloid format, known as the "G-sized Guardian". In June 2008, the paper changed to a smaller-size tabloid. On 11 September 2017, the company launched a new layout.

## History

Its first edition was published by the Trinidad Publishing Co. on Sunday 2 September 1917. In 1955, according to an advertisement in Editor & Publisher, the Trinidad Publishing Co. operated the Guardian, the Sunday Guardian, and the Evening News.
On 2 September 2017, the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian celebrated its 100th anniversary.

## Staff

Journalists have included the writer Seepersad Naipaul. Seepersad Naipaul, Amazing Scenes: Selected Journalism 1928–1953 (Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2024) covers 25 years of Naipaul's columns and articles in the Guardian. Naipaul was initially charged with reporting on the lives of the East Indians on the island. The articles often reflect on topical issues of the day but are notable for their humour.
# Mga Batang Riles

Mga Batang Riles (transl. railway kids / international title: The Railway Kids) is a 2025 Philippine television drama action series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Richard Ibasco Arellano and Laurice Guillen, it stars Miguel Tanfelix, Kokoy de Santos, Bruce Roeland, Raheel Bhyria and Antonio Vinzon. It premiered on January 6, 2025 on the network's Prime line up.
The series is streaming online on YouTube.

## Premise

A group of young men gets wrongfully accused of a crime, sending them to a juvenile center. As they seek to clean their names for a crime they didn't commit, the group should protect themselves to find the real perpetrator.

## Cast and characters
### Lead cast

* Miguel Tanfelix as Kidlat Asuncion
* Kokoy de Santos as Christian "Kulot" Canlas
* Bruce Roeland as Matos Victor
* Raheel Bhyria as Sig Borja
* Antonio Vinzon as Dagul "Dags" Moreno

### Supporting cast

* Ronnie Ricketts as Bayani Salvacion
* Diana Zubiri as Mariana "Maying" Asuncion
* Roderick Paulate as Pol Alhambra
* Jay Manalo as Rendon Victor
* Desiree del Valle as Scarlett Riego-Victor
* Eva Darren as Ima Hana Salvacion
* Jeric Raval as Argus
* Zephanie as Yumi "Mutya" Bitangcol
* Dave Bornea as Ssob
* Faye Lorenzo as Georgina
* Migs Villasis as Max
* Miggy Tolentino as Jasper
* Seb Pajarillo as Tata
* Krissha Viaje as Missy Cuevas
* Jomar Yee as Lala Alhambra
* Spencer Serafica as Lulu Alhambra
* Leandro Baldemor as Lando
* Lara Morena as Reina
* Ynes Veneracion as Dolor Moreno
* Jenine Desiderio as Joyce
* Ian Ignacio as Vergel
* Renzo Cruz as Mayor Sicat
* Beatrice Luigi Gomez as Olga
* Paolo Contis
* Joem Bascon
* Jeremiah Tiangco
* Kim de Leon as Toteng
* Prince Villanueva as Timothy Victor
* Jay Arcilla
* Robb Guinto
* Alex Calleja
* Mariz Ricketts
* Juharra Asayo as April Moreno

### Recurring cast

* Chuckie Dreyfus as Ferdie Canlas
* Cris Villanueva as Carlos "Caloy" Asuncion
* Tina Paner as Lilian Canlas
* Bodjie Pascua as Apo Kano

### Guest cast

* Ai-Ai delas Alas
* Caitlin Stave as Chelsea

## Casting

During the series' story conference on July 18, 2024, Philippine actors Miguel Tanfelix, Kokoy de Santos, Raheel Bhyria, Bruce Roeland and Antonio Vinzon were announced to headline the series. Other cast members were also announced including Zephanie Dimaranan, Diana Zubiri, Jay Manalo, Eva Darren, Desiree del Valle and Ronnie Ricketts. The cast members underwent into an acting workshop, prior to the filming of the series.

## Production

Principal photography commenced on September 21, 2024.

## Ratings

According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement People in television homes, the pilot episode of Mga Batang Riles earned a 10.4% rating.
# West Belconnen Warriors

West Belconnen Warriors Rugby League Club is an Australian rugby league football club based in Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory formed in the mid 1970s. They conduct teams for both junior and senior teams.

## Notable Juniors

* Bradley Clyde (1988-00 Canberra Raiders & Canterbury Bulldogs)
* Troy Thompson (2001-11 Canberra Raiders & Melbourne Storm)
* Nick Kouparitsas (2006-11 Canterbury Bulldogs, Sydney Roosters & London Broncos)
* Brent Crisp (2008 Canterbury Bulldogs)
* Matt Frawley (2017- Canterbury Bulldogs)
* Bailey Simonsson (2019- Canberra Raiders)
# Biathlon at the 1964 Winter Olympics

Biathlon at the 1964 Winter Olympics consisted of one biathlon event, held at Seefeld. The events began on 9 February and ended on 11 February 1964.

## Medal summary

The Soviet Union won two medals in Innsbruck, taking gold and silver in the individual race.

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (2 entries) | Totals (2 entries) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |

### Events

| Event | Gold | Gold | Silver | Silver | Bronze | Bronze |
| Individual details | Vladimir Melanin Soviet Union | 1:20:26.8 | Aleksandr Privalov Soviet Union | 1:23:42.5 | Olav Jordet Norway | 1:24:38.8 |

## Participating nations

Fourteen nations sent biathletes to compete in Innsbruck. Below is a list of the competing nations; in parentheses are the number of national competitors. Austria, Japan, Mongolia, Poland, Romania and Switzerland made their Olympic biathlon debut.
* Austria (4)
* Finland (4)
* France (1)
* Great Britain (4)
* United Team of Germany (4)
* Japan (2)
* Mongolia (4)
* Norway (4)
* Poland (4)
* Romania (4)
* Switzerland (4)
* Sweden (4)
* Soviet Union (4)
* United States (4)
# Udayadivākara

Udayadivākara (c. 1073 CE) was an Indian astronomer and mathematician who authored an influential and elaborate commentary, called Sundari, on Laghu-bhāskarīya of Bhāskara I. No personal details about Udayadivākara are known. Since the commentary Sundari takes the year 1073 CE as its epoch, probably the commentary was completed about that year. Sundari has not yet been published and is available only in manuscript form. Some of these manuscripts are preserved in the manuscript depositories in Thiruvananthapuram. According to K. V. Sarma, historian of the astronomy and mathematics of the Kerala school, Udayadivākara probably hailed from Kerala, India.

## Historical significance of Sundari

Apart from the fact that Sundari is an elaborate commentary, it has some historical significance. It has quoted extensively from a now lost work by a little-known mathematician Jayadeva. The quotations relate to the cakravala method for solving indeterminate integral equations of the form $Nx^{2}+1=y^{2}$. This shows that the method predates Bhaskara II contrary to generally held beliefs. Another important reference to Jayadeva’s work is the solution of the indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, $C$ being positive or negative.

## A problem and its solution

Udayadivākara used his method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$ to obtain some particular solutions to a certain algebraic problem. The problem and Udayadivākara's solution to the problem are presented below only to illustrate the techniques used by Indian astronomers for solving algebraic equations.

### Problem

Find positive integers $x$ and $y$ satisfying the following conditions:
    ${\begin{aligned}x+y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\x-y&={\text{a prefect square}},\\xy+1&={\text{a prefect square}}.\end{aligned}}$

### Solution

To solve the problem, Udayadivākara makes a series of apparently arbitrary assumptions all aimed at reducing the problem to one of solving an indeterminate equation of the form $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$.
Udayadivākara begins by assuming that $xy+1=(2y+1)^{2}$ which can be written in the form $x-y=3y+4$. He next assumes that $3y+4=(3z+2)^{2}$ which, together with the earlier equation, yields
    ${\begin{aligned}x&=12z^{2}+16z+4,\\y&=3z^{2}+4z,\\x+y&=15z^{2}+20z+4.\end{aligned}}$
Now, Udayadivākara puts
    $15z^{2}+20z+4=u^{2}$
which is then transformed to the equation
    $(30z+20)^{2}=60u^{2}+160.$
This equation is of the form $Nx^{2}+C=\lambda ^{2}$ with $N=60$, $C=160$ and $\lambda =30z+20$. Using the method for solving the equation $Nx^{2}+C=y^{2}$, Udayadivākara finds the following solutions $(u=2,\lambda =20)$, $(u=18,\lambda =140)$ and $(u=8802,\lambda =68180)$ from which the values of $x$ and $y$ are obtained by back substitution.
# Daouda Kanté

Daouda Kante (born July 16, 1978) is a Malian retired footballer who played as a defender. He spent three seasons in Major League Soccer, and two in the Major Indoor Soccer League. Currently, he is the executive and technical director for Kansas Rush Soccer – Olathe.

## Youth

A native of Mali, Kante attended Saint Benedict's Preparatory School in New Jersey, United States, where he played on the school's 1996 state championship soccer team. In 1998, he entered Mercer Community College where he was a junior college All-American soccer player. In 1999, he transferred to Florida International University. He began his career with the Golden Panthers in midfield, but moved to defense in 2000. In February 2001, the Miami Fusion selected Kanté in the 6th round (64th overall) of the 2001 MLS SuperDraft. However, he chose not to sign with the Fusion in order to complete his degree. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in international business and international relations.

## Professional

During his collegiate career, he played for the Central Jersey Riptide and the Tampa Bay Hawks of the Premier Development League. In 2002, D.C. United drafted Kanté in the first round (11th overall) in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft, but he never played a first team game. Instead, D.C. sent him on loan to the Wilmington Hammerheads of the USL D-3 Pro League at the end of April. He played two games on loan to the Hampton Roads Mariners in June 2002. United waived him on June 3, 2002, and on July 19, 2002, the New England Revolution signed Kanté as a transitional international. He played well for the Revolution that season, but injury and fitness issues led to him seeing little playing time over the next two seasons. The Revolution released him in 2004. In the fall of 2004, he signed with the St. Louis Steamers of Major Indoor Soccer League. He played only one game before being traded to the Baltimore Blast in exchange for a third round pick in the 2006 MISL Amateur Draft. He finished his career with the Blast in the 2005–2006 season.