# 1993 Spanish general election

A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 6 June 1993, to elect the members of the 5th Cortes Generales. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the Senate.
Felipe González's third term in office had seen Spain hosting events such as the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics, which contributed to the modernization of the country's international image. Some corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) were uncovered during this period: deputy prime minister Alfonso Guerra resigned in 1991 after his brother was accused of nepotism and tax fraud, and a judicial probe was started on the alleged illegal financing of PSOE campaigns (the 'Filesa case'). The outset of the early 1990s recession and its impact on the economy forced the government to devalue the peseta three times in nine months. As a result of mounting crises and rising political tension, González chose to call a snap election for June 1993.
Amid a large voter turnout of 76.4%, González's PSOE emerged as the largest party for the fourth consecutive time, though it lost the overall majority it had held since 1982 and fell to 159 deputies. In contrast, José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) gained from the collapse of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and made significant inroads, increasing its support to 34.8% of the vote and 141 seats. However, the party fell short of opinion poll predictions of it emerging as the most-voted political force, which was attributed to González being perceived as decisively defeating Aznar in the second of two head-to-head debates held during the campaign.
For the first time since 1979, the election brought in a hung parliament, forcing González to seek the support of Catalan and Basque nationalist groups—such as Convergence and Union (CiU) and the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV)—in order to renew his tenure.

## Background

The 175-seat victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the 1989 general election, exactly half of Congress, allowed it to govern with a de facto absolute majority or with minor support from other parties, depending on Herri Batasuna's policy of abstentionism. Due to election irregularities reported in a number of constituencies, only 332 deputies were sworn in by Felipe González's investiture as prime minister, prompting him to submit a motion of confidence on his government in April 1990, which he won.
In the 1989–1993 period, Spain hosted events such as the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics, allowing the fledgeling democracy to present itself to the international community as a modern country, different from what it had been under Franco's dictatorship.
A succession of political scandals began to undermine the government's public image starting in 1991 and into 1992. Alfonso Guerra resigned as deputy prime minister in January 1991, following a scandal involving his brother Juan—amid accusations of nepotism and tax fraud—which had been ongoing for over a year. In May, it was revealed that a number of PSOE-linked companies had been paid hundreds of millions for consultancy works that were never carried out (funds which were allegedly used to illegally finance the party's campaigns in 1989) in what would come to be known as the 'Filesa case'. Several months later, health minister Julián García Valverde was forced to abandon politics after revelations that RENFE—a state-owned company which he had presided between 1985 and 1991—had purchased lands at an inflated price that suggested a possible embezzlement.
A scheme to collect illegal kickbacks from the awarding of contracts for the purchase of newsprint used by the Official State Gazette (BOE)'s printing presses was uncovered in November 1992. The scandal would bring about the arrest one year later of former BOE director, Carmen Salanueva, who was also accused of fraud by buying paintings at a low price invoking the name of Queen Sofía and Carmen Romero, spouse of then prime minister Felipe González.

## Overview
### Electoral system

The Spanish Cortes Generales were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override. Voting for the Cortes Generales was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting. The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:
| Seats | Constituencies |
| 34 | Madrid$^{(+1)}$ |
| 32 | Barcelona |
| 16 | Valencia |
| 12 | Seville |
| 10 | Alicante, Málaga |
| 9 | Asturias, Biscay$^{(–1)}$, Cádiz, La Coruña, Murcia |
| 8 | Pontevedra |
| 7 | Balearics$^{(+1)}$, Córdoba, Granada, Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
| 6 | Badajoz, Guipúzcoa$^{(–1)}$, Jaén, Tarragona$^{(+1)}$ |
| 5 | Almería, Cáceres, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Girona, Huelva, León, Lugo, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid |
| 4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, La Rioja, Lleida, Orense$^{(–1)}$, Salamanca |
| 3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislature's term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when needed, by the designated substitutes, of which the list was required to include three.

### Election date

The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 29 October 1989, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 29 October 1993. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 5 October 1993, with the election taking place on the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Saturday, 4 December 1993.
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot. Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2025 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 13 April 1993 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 6 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 29 June.

## Parliamentary composition

The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.
Parliamentary composition in April 1993 :
| Congress of Deputies ||||||
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | Deputies | Deputies |
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | Seats | Total |
| | Socialist Group of the Congress | | PSOE | 155 | 175 |
| | Socialist Group of the Congress | | PSC | 20 | 175 |
| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | | PP | 104 | 106 |
| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | | UPN | 2 | 106 |
| | Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) | | CDC | 13 | 18 |
| | Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) | | UDC | 5 | 18 |
| | United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group | | IU | 14 | 17 |
| | United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group | | IC | 3 | 17 |
| | CDS Parliamentary Group | | CDS | 12 | 12 |
| | Basque Parliamentary Group (PNV) | | EAJ/PNV | 5 | 5 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | HB | 4 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | PA | 2 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | UV | 2 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | EA | 2 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | EE | 1 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | EuE | 1 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | PAR | 1 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | AIC | 1 | 17 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | INDEP | 3 | 17 |
Parliamentary composition in April 1993 :
| Senate ||||||
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | Senators | Senators |
| Groups | Groups | Parties | Parties | Seats | Total |
| | Socialist Parliamentary Group | | PSOE | 120 | 128 |
| | Socialist Parliamentary Group | | PSC | 8 | 128 |
| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | | PP | 88 | 91 |
| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | | UPN | 2 | 91 |
| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | | UM | 1 | 91 |
| | Convergence and Union's Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate | | CDC | 11 | 14 |
| | Convergence and Union's Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate | | UDC | 3 | 14 |
| | Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | | EAJ/PNV | 6 | 6 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | IU | 3 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | HB | 3 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | AIC | 3 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | CDS | 1 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | EA | 1 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | PAR | 1 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | AM | 1 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | AHI | 1 | 15 |
| | Mixed Parliamentary Group | | ENV | 1 | 15 |

## Parties and candidates
### Eligibility requirements

Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court's decision nor convicted by a judgement, even if not yet final, which imposed a penalty of forfeiture of eligibility or of specific disqualification or suspension from public office under specific offences: rebellion and terrorism when involving crimes against life, physical integrity or freedom of persons. Other general causes of ineligibility were imposed on members of the Spanish royal family; the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Prime Minister's Office, government delegations, the Social Security and other government agencies; heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations; judges and public prosecutors in active service; Armed Forces and police corps personnel in active service; members of electoral commissions; the chair of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of the Nuclear Safety Council; as well as a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned government bodies and institutions being barred from running, during their tenure of office, in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction. Disqualification provisions for the Cortes Generales extended to any employee of a foreign state and to members of regional governments, as well as the impossibility of running simultaneously as candidate for both the Congress and Senate.
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.

### Main competing lists

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| Candidacy | Candidacy | Parties and alliances | Leading candidate | Leading candidate | Ideology | Previous result | Previous result | Previous result | Gov. | Ref. |
| Candidacy | Candidacy | Parties and alliances | Leading candidate | Leading candidate | Ideology | Votes (%) | Con. | Sen. | Gov. | Ref. |
| | PSOE | List Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) | | Felipe González | Social democracy | 40.11% | 177 | 107 | Y | [48] [49] [50] |
| | PP | List People's Party (PP) Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | | José María Aznar | Conservatism Christian democracy | 25.79% | 107 | 78 | N | [51] [52] |
| | CiU | List Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) | | Miquel Roca | Catalan nationalism Centrism | 5.04% | 18 | 10 | N | |
| | IU | List United Left (IU) – Communist Party of Spain (PCE) – Socialist Action Party (PASOC) – Republican Left (IR) – Collectives for the Unity of Workers (CUT) – Galician Left (EG) Initiative for Catalonia (IC) – Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) | | Julio Anguita | Socialism Communism | 9.07% | 17 | 1 | N | |
| | CDS | List Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | | Rafael Calvo Ortega | Centrism Liberalism | 7.89% | 14 | 1 | N | |
| | EAJ/PNV | List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | | Iñaki Anasagasti | Basque nationalism Christian democracy Conservative liberalism | 1.24% | 5 | 4 | N | |
| | HB | List Popular Unity (HB) – Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) – Patriotic Socialist Committees (ASK) | | Jon Idigoras | Basque independence Abertzale left Revolutionary socialism | 1.06% | 4 | 3 | N | |
| | PA | List Andalusian Party (PA) | | Salvador Pérez Bueno | Andalusian nationalism Social democracy | 1.04% | 2 | 0 | N | |
| | UV | List Valencian Union (UV) | | Vicente González Lizondo | Blaverism Conservatism | 0.71% | 2 | 0 | N | |
| | EA–EuE | List Basque Solidarity (EA) Basque Left (EuE) | | Xabier Albistur | Basque nationalism Social democracy | 0.67% | 2 | 0 | N | |
| | PAR | List Aragonese Party (PAR) | | José María Mur | Regionalism Centrism | 0.35% | 1 | 0 | N | |
| | CC | List Canarian Independent Groups (AIC) – Tenerife Group of Independents (ATI) – La Palma Group of Independents (API) – Gomera Group of Independents (AGI) – Independents of Fuerteventura (IF) – Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) Nationalist Canarian Initiative (ICAN) Independent Canarian Centre (CCI) Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) Majorera Assembly (AM) | | Lorenzo Olarte | Regionalism Canarian nationalism Centrism | 0.32% | 1 | 4 | N | |
| | ERC | List Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | | Pilar Rahola | Catalan independence Left-wing nationalism Social democracy | 0.41% | 0 | 0 | N | |

## Campaign
### Election debates

1993 Spanish general election debates :
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | P Present  S Surrogate | P Present  S Surrogate | P Present  S Surrogate | P Present  S Surrogate |
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | PSOE | PP | Audience | Ref. |
| 24 May | Antena 3 | Manuel Campo Vidal | P González | P Aznar | 61.8% (9,625,000) | [54] [55] |
| 31 May | Tele 5 | Luis Mariñas | P González | P Aznar | 75.3% (10,526,000) | [54] [55] |

#### Opinion polls

Candidate viewed as "performing best" or "most convincing" in each debate :
| Debate | Polling firm/Commissioner | PSOE | PP | Tie | None | ? |
| 24 May | Demoscopia/El País | 21.0 | 50.0 | 29.0 | 29.0 | 29.0 |
| 24 May | Opina/La Vanguardia | 18.4 | 42.5 | 8.1 | 13.9 | 17.2 |
| 24 May | Sigma Dos/El Mundo | 28.0 | 49.8 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 22.2 |
| 31 May | Demoscopia/El País | 48.0 | 18.0 | 34.0 | 34.0 | 34.0 |
| 31 May | Opina/La Vanguardia | 36.2 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 13.6 | 17.5 |

## Results
### Congress of Deputies

← Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results → :
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)$^1$ | 9,150,083 | 38.78 | –1.33 | 159 | –18 |
| | People's Party (PP) | 8,201,463 | 34.76 | +8.97 | 141 | +34 |
| | United Left (IU) | 2,253,722 | 9.55 | +0.48 | 18 | +1 |
| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,165,783 | 4.94 | –0.10 | 17 | –1 |
| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 414,740 | 1.76 | –6.13 | 0 | –14 |
| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 291,448 | 1.24 | ±0.00 | 5 | ±0 |
| | Canarian Coalition (CC)$^2$ | 207,077 | 0.88 | +0.45 | 4 | +3 |
| | Popular Unity (HB) | 206,876 | 0.88 | –0.18 | 2 | –2 |
| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 189,632 | 0.80 | +0.39 | 1 | +1 |
| | The Greens (Verdes)$^3$ | 185,940 | 0.79 | –0.11 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 144,544 | 0.61 | +0.26 | 1 | ±0 |
| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 129,293 | 0.55 | –0.12 | 1 | –1 |
| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 126,965 | 0.54 | +0.31 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian Union (UV) | 112,341 | 0.48 | –0.23 | 1 | –1 |
| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 96,513 | 0.41 | –0.63 | 0 | –2 |
| | The Ecologists (LE) | 68,851 | 0.29 | –0.38 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 54,518 | 0.23 | –0.84 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 43,169 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 41,052 | 0.17 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 30,068 | 0.13 | –0.27 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 27,005 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 20,118 | 0.09 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 18,608 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 16,623 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 16,452 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 15,246 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 13,097 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 11,392 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 11,088 | 0.05 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | United Extremadura (EU) | 10,653 | 0.05 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 10,233 | 0.04 | –0.27 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 10,053 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) | 9,249 | 0.04 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Humanist Party (PH) | 8,834 | 0.04 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 8,667 | 0.04 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 8,000 | 0.03 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)$^4$ | 7,991 | 0.03 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Riojan Party (PR) | 7,532 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 6,344 | 0.03 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 4,663 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 4,647 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 3,286 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 3,063 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 2,715 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 2,681 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 2,086 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 1,959 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)$^5$ | 1,917 | 0.01 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 1,644 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 1,517 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 1,415 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | People's Palentine Group (APP) | 1,410 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 1,407 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 1,375 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 1,300 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 1,193 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 1,178 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 1,159 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,155 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 949 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 787 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 747 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 715 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Progressive Front of Spain (FPE) | 641 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Union of Autonomies (UDLA) | 594 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Socialist October (OS) | 540 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 528 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 466 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 416 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 408 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Party of The People (LG) | 385 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 383 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 303 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 282 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 278 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 267 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 244 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 98 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 70 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 42 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Coalition for Free Canaries (CCL) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 0 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 188,679 | 0.80 | +0.11 | | |
| Total | Total | 23,591,864 | | | 350 | ±0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 23,591,864 | 99.46 | +0.20 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 126,952 | 0.54 | –0.20 | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 23,718,816 | 76.44 | +6.70 | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 7,311,695 | 23.56 | –6.70 | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 31,030,511 | | | | |
| Sources |||||||
| Footnotes: $^1$ Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Basque Country Left in the 1989 election.$^2$ Canarian Coalition results are compared to Canarian Independent Groups totals in the 1989 election.$^3$ The Greens results are compared to the combined totals of Green List and Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia in the 1989 election.$^4$ Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election.$^5$ Madrilenian Independent Regional Party results are compared to Regional Party of Madrid totals in the 1989 election. |||||||
Popular vote
PSOE
38.78%
PP
34.76%
IU
9.55%
CiU
4.94%
CDS
1.76%
EAJ/PNV
1.24%
CC
0.88%
HB
0.88%
ERC
0.80%
PAR
0.61%
EA–EUE
0.55%
UV
0.48%
Others
3.97%
Blank ballots
0.80% :
Seats
PSOE
45.43%
PP
40.29%
IU
5.14%
CiU
4.86%
EAJ/PNV
1.43%
CC
1.14%
HB
0.57%
ERC
0.29%
PAR
0.29%
EA–EUE
0.29%
UV
0.29% :

### Senate

← Summary of the 6 June 1993 Senate of Spain election results → :
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Popular vote | Popular vote | Seats | Seats |
| Parties and alliances | Parties and alliances | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)$^1$ | 25,441,605 | 39.02 | –1.66 | 96 | –11 |
| | People's Party (PP) | 22,467,236 | 34.46 | +8.40 | 93 | +15 |
| | United Left (IU) | 6,172,255 | 9.47 | +0.70 | 0 | –1 |
| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 3,458,419 | 5.30 | +0.01 | 10 | ±0 |
| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,189,877 | 1.82 | –5.78 | 0 | –1 |
| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 846,605 | 1.30 | –0.04 | 3 | –1 |
| | Popular Unity (HB) | 599,744 | 0.92 | –0.22 | 1 | –2 |
| | The Greens (Verdes)$^2$ | 570,793 | 0.88 | +0.24 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 465,162 | 0.71 | +0.28 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 402,549 | 0.62 | +0.36 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Canarian Coalition (CC)$^3$ | 396,799 | 0.61 | +0.37 | 5 | +1 |
| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 381,356 | 0.58 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian Union (UV) | 347,593 | 0.53 | –0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 312,384 | 0.48 | –0.67 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 239,546 | 0.37 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 180,139 | 0.28 | –0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 144,784 | 0.22 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 138,183 | 0.21 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 133,514 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | The Ecologists (LE) | 70,589 | 0.11 | –0.43 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 60,071 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 57,797 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia (PEC) | 52,053 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 49,120 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | United Extremadura (EU) | 48,113 | 0.07 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 43,538 | 0.07 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 43,044 | 0.07 | –0.15 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 40,478 | 0.06 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 35,618 | 0.05 | –0.22 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 30,285 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 28,769 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 28,186 | 0.04 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Riojan Party (PR) | 27,383 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 24,450 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 22,845 | 0.04 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 17,953 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 16,405 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)$^4$ | 13,733 | 0.02 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 13,041 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 12,147 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 11,830 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Humanist Party (PH) | 11,176 | 0.02 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 10,849 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 10,768 | 0.02 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)$^5$ | 10,713 | 0.02 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 10,681 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 10,258 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 10,253 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Green Social Unity (USV) | 9,802 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 9,704 | 0.01 | –0.17 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 9,507 | 0.01 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 5,419 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 5,151 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | People's Palentine Group (APP) | 4,869 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 4,617 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 4,439 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 4,422 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 4,333 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Federal Socialist Party (PSF) | 4,168 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 4,083 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 4,047 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 3,611 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 3,408 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 3,068 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 3,013 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 2,638 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Action (AE) | 2,595 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 2,326 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Navarrese Regionalists (RN) | 2,213 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 2,098 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,961 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Socialist October (OS) | 1,751 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 1,641 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 1,566 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Natural Culture (CN) | 1,557 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Blue Party of Progressive Rightwing (PADP) | 1,086 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 1,026 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 1,016 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 842 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 717 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 583 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Proverist Party (PPr) | 467 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 460 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 352 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 347 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 70 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 |
| Blank ballots | Blank ballots | 376,829 | 1.63 | –0.04 | | |
| Total | Total | 65,203,500 | | | 208 | ±0 |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 23,189,174 | 97.70 | +1.13 | | |
| Invalid votes | Invalid votes | 546,821 | 2.30 | –1.13 | | |
| Votes cast / turnout | Votes cast / turnout | 23,735,995 | 76.49 | +6.62 | | |
| Abstentions | Abstentions | 7,294,516 | 23.51 | –6.62 | | |
| Registered voters | Registered voters | 31,030,511 | | | | |
| Sources |||||||
| Footnotes: $^1$ Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Basque Country Left in the 1989 election.$^2$ The Greens results are compared to the combined totals of Green List and Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia in the 1989 election.$^3$ Canarian Coalition results are compared to the combined totals of Canarian Independent Groups, Lanzarote Independents Group, Majorera Assembly and Independent Herrenian Group in the 1989 election.$^4$ Coalition for a New Socialist Party results are compared to Alliance for the Republic totals in the 1989 election.$^5$ Madrilenian Independent Regional Party results are compared to Regional Party of Madrid totals in the 1989 election. |||||||
Popular vote
PSOE
39.02%
PP
34.46%
IU
9.47%
CiU
5.30%
CDS
1.82%
EAJ/PNV
1.30%
HB
0.92%
CC
0.61%
Others
6.52%
Blank ballots
1.63% :
Seats
PSOE
46.15%
PP
44.71%
CiU
4.81%
CC
2.40%
EAJ/PNV
1.44%
HB
0.48% :

### Maps

* Election results by constituency (Congress).
* Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress).
* Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress).

## Aftermath
### Government formation

Investiture Felipe González (PSOE) :
| Ballot → | Ballot → | 9 July 1993 |
| Required majority → | Required majority → | 176 out of 350 Y |
| | Yes • PSOE (159) • CiU (17) • PNV (5) | 181 / 350 |
| | No • PP (141) • IU–IC (17) • CC (4) • ERC (1) • EA (1) • UV (1) | 165 / 350 |
| | Abstentions • PAR (1) | 1 / 350 |
| | Absentees • HB (2) • IU–IC (1) | 3 / 350 |
| Sources |||