# ATM (computer)

The ATM Turbo (ru: "АТМ-ТУРБО"), also known simply as ATM (from ru: "Ассоциация Творческой Молодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM.
It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original Spectrum, such as a Z80 at 7 MHz, 1024 kB RAM, 128 kB ROM, AY-8910 (two chips in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel ADC, RS-232, parallel port, Beta Disk Interface, IDE interface, AT/XT keyboard, text mode (80x25, 16 colours, 8x8 pattern), and three new graphics modes.
The ATM can be emulated in Unreal Speccy v0.27 and higher.

## History

ATM was developed in 1991 based on the Pentagon, a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named ATM Turbo 2. Up to 1994 the computer was produced by ATM and MicroArt; later the firms separated and production ended.
In 2004 NedoPC from Moscow resumed production. New versions called ATM Turbo 2+ and ZX Evolution were introduced.

## Characteristics
### Graphics modes

For compatibility purposes, the original 256 x 192 ZX Spectrum mode is available.
New graphics modes offer expanded abilities:
* 640 x 200 mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. The Profi offers a similar mode, but the ATM can use the full 16 colour set for both ink and paper.
* 320 x 200 mode with a 16 colours raster mode (a two-pixel chunky mode, not planar like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC: Prince of Persia and Goblins, and one from Sony PlayStation: Time Gal. Other games that use this mode exist, like Ball Quest, released in August, 2006.
Palette:
* 16 colors from a 64 color palette (6-bit RGB) can be set for all modes.

### Operating systems

48K Sinclair BASIC, 128K Sinclair BASIC, TR-DOS, CP/M, iS-DOS, TASiS, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service.

### Software

* ATM Turbo
* Virtual TR-DOS

## Models

Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. An IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R (the latest model is 7.18).

### ATM Turbo 1 (1991)

Features:
* Processor: Zilog Z80 at 3.5 and 7 MHz (turbo mode)
* RAM: 128 to 512 KB
* ROM: 64 to 128 KB
* Memory manager: standard for ZX Spectrum 128 (memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space
* Graphics video modes: Standard ZX Spectrum mode (256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors); 320x200 with 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels
* Color palette: 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time
* Firmware: 48K BASIC / 128K BASIC; TR-DOS; CP/M 2.2
* Supported external drives: tape recorder (audio cassette); disk drive
* Sound devices: standard 1-bit beeper; AY-3-8910; Covox
* Additional devices: SECAM encoder for connection to a color TV; single-channel DAC; modem; parallel interface for connecting a printer; stereo audio amplifier (2x1W)
* Keyboard: mechanical matrix, standard ZX Spectrum layout (40 keys) or extended (64 keys)

### ATM Turbo 2 (1993)

New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1):
* Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space
* Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background
* Hardware vertical scrolling in 320x200 and 640x200 modes
* Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity, CD-ROM ); Digital PLL added to floppy controller
* Additional devices: eight-channel DAC
* Keyboard: XT keyboard support, on-chip RAM 537RU10
* Removed: SECAM encoder

### ATM Turbo 2+

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2):
* RAM: 128 to 1024 KB
* Additional devices: RS-232 interface; channel switch for DAC
* Keyboard: support for XT and AT keyboards, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller
* The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies
* ROM version of Mr Gluk Reset Service
* Removed: Modem

### ZX Evolution

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+):
* Turbo mode up to 14 MHz, switchable via menu and software
* RAM: 4MB
* 2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard, for connecting General Sound, etc.
* Flexible architecture based on FPGA (EP1K50) - third-party firmware available
* SD card with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE)
* Added VGA video output
* Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to Kempston Mouse standard
* Video scan rate similar to that of the Pentagon, with full support of border and multicolor effects