OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hamiltonian quantum computation

Hamiltonian quantum computation is a form of quantum computing. Unlike methods of quantum computation such as the adiabatic, measurement-based and circuit model where eternal control is used to apply operations on a register of qubits, Hamiltonian quantum computers operate without external control.

## Background

Hamiltonian quantum computation was the pioneering model of quantum computation, first proposed by Paul Benioff in 1980. Benioff's motivation for building a quantum mechanical model of a computer was to have a quantum mechanical description of artificial intelligence and to create a computer that would dissipate the least amount of energy allowable by the laws of physics. However, his model was not time-independent and local. Richard Feynman, independent of Benioff, also wanted to provide a description of a computer based on the laws of quantum physics. He solved the problem of a time-independent and local Hamiltonian by proposing a continuous-time quantum walk that could perform universal quantum computation. Superconducting qubits, Ultracold atoms and non-linear photonics have been proposed as potential experimental implementations of Hamiltonian quantum computers.

## Definition

Given a list of quantum gates described as unitaries $U_{1},U_{2}...U_{k}$, define a hamiltonian
$H=\sum _{i=1}^{k-1}|i+1\rangle \langle i|\otimes U_{i+1}+|i\rangle \langle i+1|\otimes U_{i+1}^{\dagger }$
Evolving this Hamiltonian on a state $|\phi _{0}\rangle =|100..00\rangle \otimes |\psi _{0}\rangle$ composed of a clock register ( $|100..00\rangle$) that constaines $k+1$ qubits and a data register ($|\psi _{0}\rangle$) will output $|\phi _{k}\rangle =e^{-iHt}|\phi _{0}\rangle$. At a time $t$, the state of the clock register can be $|000..01\rangle$. When that happens, the state of the data register will be $U_{1},U_{2}...U_{k}|\psi _{0}\rangle$. The computation is complete and $|\phi _{k}\rangle =|000..01\rangle \otimes U_{1},U_{2}...U_{k}|\psi _{0}\rangle$.
# Nela Pocisková

Nela Pocisková (born 4 October 1990 in Bratislava) is a Slovak singer who represented Slovakia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with Kamil Mikulčík. They failed to reach the Eurovision final.
In 2010, she won the fourth season of Let's Dance, the Slovak version of Dancing with the Stars.

## Singles

* 2009: Leť tmou (& Kamil Mikulčík)
* 2010: Posledný deň (& Vladis)
* 2011: Neviem sa nájsť
* 2012: So in Love
* 2013: Mysterious boy

## Albums

* 2013: WAR

## Charts

| Year | Song | SK Top 100 | SK Top 50 | Album |
| 2009 | "Leť tmou" (& Kamil Mikulčík) | – | 33 | – |
| 2011 | "Neviem sa nájsť" | 83 | 16 | – |
| 2012 | "So in Love" | 1 | 1 | – |
| 2013 | "Mysterious Boy" | 34 | 5 | WAR |

## Awards

| Year | Nominated work(s) | Award | Category | Result |
| People's Choice polls ||||||
| 2011 | Herself | OTO Awards | *Singer | Won |
| 2012 | Herself | OTO Awards | *Actress | #3 |
# David M. Beckmann

David M. Beckmann is an American pastor and economist. He was the president of Bread for the World from 1991 to 2020.

## Early life and education

Beckmann was born in Nebraska. He received a BA from Yale University. After graduating, he studied religion in rural Ghana. In 1974, he earned a Master of Divinity from Christ Seminary and in 1975, a Master of Science degree in Economics from the London School of Economics.

## Career

In September 1991, Beckmann succeeded Arthur Simon as president of Bread for the World. He retired from the position in 2020.
Beckmann is currently the Coordinator of the Circle of Protection.

## Awards and honors

Beckmann was awarded the 2010 World Food Prize for his work as president of Bread for the World.

## Books

* Eden Revival: Spiritual Churches in Ghana (1974)
* The Overseas List (1979, Revised and Expanded Edition 1985)
* with R. Agarwala, S. Burmester, and I. Serageldin Friday Morning Reflections at the World Bank: Essays on Values and Development (1991)
* Grace at the Table: Ending Hunger in God's World (1999)
* Exodus from Hunger: We Are Called to Change the Politics of Hunger (2010)
# Andrea Morello

Andrea Morello (born 26 June 1972, in Pinerolo, Italy) is the Scientia Professor of Quantum Engineering in the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications at the University of New South Wales, and a Program Manager at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (CQC2T). Morello is the head of the Fundamental Quantum Technologies Laboratory at UNSW.

## Education

Morello completed his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering at the Politecnico di Torino in Italy in 1998. His research career began at the Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory where he investigated the magnetic phase diagram of high $T_{c}$ superconductors. He obtained his PhD in experimental physics from the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory in Leiden in 2004, during which he explored the quantum dynamics of molecular nanomagnets at low temperatures. Morello spent two years at the University of British Columbia before joining UNSW Sydney in 2006.

## Research

Morello's research is primarily focused on designing and building the basic components of a quantum computer using the spins of single atoms in silicon. His team were the first in the world to demonstrate the coherent control and readout of the electron and nuclear spin of an individual phosphorus atom in silicon, and for many years they held the record for the longest quantum memory time for a single qubit in the solid state (35.6 seconds). Morello's research also focuses on using highly coherent spin systems to study the foundations of quantum mechanics.

## Outreach

Outside of his research Morello is actively engaged in science outreach and education. He has produced a series of YouTube videos 'The Quantum Around You' and 'Quantum Computing Concepts' to bring the fundamental concepts of quantum physics to a wider audience. Morello also starred in a series of videos produced by YouTuber Derek Muller on his channel Veritasium, explaining the fundamental concepts of quantum computing, with the highest viewed video in this series being watched over 4.4 million times.

## Honours

* 2011. Eureka Prize for Scientific Research
* 2013. Malcolm Macintosh Prize for Physical Scientist of the Year (Prime Minister's Prizes) and the David Syme Research Prize
* 2014. NSW Science and Engineering Award for Emerging Research
* 2017. Fellow of the American Physical Society (FAPS) and the inaugural recipient of the Rolf Landauer and Charles H Bennett Award in Quantum Computing
* 2017. Fellow of the Royal Society of NSW and winner of the Pollock Memorial Lectureship
* 2019. Walter Boas Medal
* 2024. Australian Laureate Fellowship
# Muhammad Saqlain

Muhammad Saqlain is an international field hockey player from Pakistan. He plays Centre half. He made his international debut in 1998.

## Career
### 2006

He was a member of the silver-medal-winning Pakistan team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia.

### 2008

Saqlain was part of the squad which placed 8th at the Beijing Olympics in 2008.

## Personal life

Saqlain hails from a family of athletes. His brother, Zia Sabtain, played as a footballer at the domestic level. Another brother, Tanveer ul Hasnain, was part of the Pakistan national football team which won the gold medal at the 1991 South Asian Games. A third brother, Imamuddin, is a pole vaulter who represented Pakistan at the 1986 Asian Games.
# Job ter Burg

Job ter Burg (born 13 September 1972 in Maarn) is a Dutch film editor, best known for his long-term collaborations with directors Martin Koolhoven, Paul Verhoeven and Alex van Warmerdam. He was invited to join the Film Editors Branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2015 and elected active member of American Cinema Editors in 2016.

## Filmography

* Suzy Q (1999)
* AmnesiA (2001)
* Loonies (2002)
* Love to Love (2003)
* Godforsaken (2003)
* Snowfever (2004)
* Off Screen (2005)
* Schnitzel Paradise (2005)
* Bonkers (2005)
* Black Book (2006)
* 'n Beetje Verliefd (2006)
* Summer Heat (2008)
* Winter in Wartime (2008)
* The Last Days of Emma Blank (2009)
* Tirza (2010)
* Fuchsia the Mini-Witch (2010)
* Time to Spare (2011)
* Bringing Up Bobby (2011)
* Süskind (2012)
* Borgman (2013)
* Reckless (2014)
* Schneider vs. Bax (2015)
* Elle (2016)
* Brimstone (2016)
* Instinct (2019)
* The Informer (2019)
* Benedetta (2021)
* Nr. 10 (2021)
* The Watchers (2024)
* Panda Bear in Africa (2024)

## Awards

* Golden Calf Best Editing 2010 for Tirza (2010)
* International Cinephile Society Award Best Editing for Elle (2016)
# Black Jack (1968 film)

Black Jack (Italian: Black Jack - Un uomo per 5 vendette) is a 1968 Italian-Israeli Spaghetti Western film co-written and directed by Gianfranco Baldanello and starring Robert Woods.

## Cast

* Robert Woods as Jack Murphy aka 'Black Jack'
* Lucienne Bridou as Susan
* Rik Battaglia as Skinner
* Mimmo Palmara as Indian Joe
* Nino Fuscagni as Peter
* Larry Dolgin as Reb
* Federico Chentrens as Gordon
* Dalia Lahav as Julie Skinner

## Production

The film was shot back to back with Domenico Paolella's Execution, with whom it shares the producers, the actors Mimmo Palmara and Dalia Lahav, and the composer Lallo Gori. It was mainly shot at the Desert Studios in Israel, with some parts filmed in Rome, in Cinecittà, Elios Studios and Ostia Antica.

## Reception

Italian film critic Marco Giusti described the film as "very strange, very violent and very dark, [...] shot in a very modern, fast-paced way, [...] excellent, full of inventive". According to critic Alberto Pezzotta [it], it is a well-made film that has as its only flaw the "alternation of too many registers", that "especially takes a big risk with its melodramatic ending".
# Lucas Friday

Lucas Friday (born 13 July 2006) is an English professional rugby union footballer who plays as a scrum-half for Premiership Rugby side Harlequins. He is the son of Mike Friday.

## Club career

In November 2024, he made his debut for Harlequins in the Premiership Rugby Cup against London Scottish. He also dual registered with London Scottish, featuring on loan for them throughout 2024. In January 2025, he made his Premiership debut for Harlequins at the age of 18 years-old, replacing Will Porter as they beat Newcastle Falcons 38–14 at Kingston Park.

## International career

He represented England at U18 level. He played for the England national under-20 rugby union team which won the 2024 World Rugby U20 Championship. In January 2025, he made his tournament debut off the bench in the Six Nations Under 20s Championship in a 19–3 away win over Ireland, marking the first time they had beaten them at their home ground since 2017. He was then injured in a later game in the same tournament.

## Personal life

He attended Trinity School of John Whitgift, where he captained the school first XV rugby side. He is the son of former Harlequins and Wasps player Mike Friday.

## Honours
### England U20

* World Rugby Under 20 Championship
** Champion (1): 2024
# Island Garden

The Island Garden Arena was a 5,200-seat arena in West Hempstead, New York. It was built in 1957 by Arnold "Whitey" Carlson, a descendant of Swedish immigrants. Carlson's grandfather was Henrik Carlson, a noted San Diego sculptor who was the Foreign Art Director for the San Diego Exposition (now Balboa Park).
Over the years, concert acts such as Cream, the Dave Clark Five, Louis Armstrong, The Byrds, The Jeff Beck Group, The Rascals, Sly and the Family Stone, Duke Ellington, Joan Baez, Procol Harum, Johnny Cash and Bob Dylan performed at the venue. The Island Garden Arena also hosted boxing matches, professional wrestling, circuses, rodeos, stamp shows, midget car racing, and boat shows.
The arena hosted the New York Nets of the American Basketball Association from 1969 to 1972. The Nets were unable to play any home playoff games in 1971 because the arena was booked with other events; they played two home playoff games at Hofstra University, and one at Madison Square Garden's Felt Forum. In 1971–72, the Nets posted their first winning season, advancing all the way to the 1972 ABA Finals, where they lost to the Indiana Pacers. Late in the season, the team moved from the Island Garden into the new Nassau Coliseum. In 1976, the Nets were admitted into the National Basketball Association, moved to New Jersey, and eventually becoming today's Brooklyn Nets.
The arena was partially demolished in 1973, unable to compete with Nassau Coliseum. A shopping center was built on that portion of the site. The remaining portion of the structure was rebuilt into a youth basketball venue in 1998. It has three courts for simultaneous gameplay or practice. Today, the location of Island Garden is 45 Cherry Valley Avenue, West Hempstead.
# Islamic miniature

Islamic miniatures are small paintings on paper, usually book or manuscript illustrations but also sometimes separate artworks, intended for muraqqa albums. The earliest examples date from around 1000, with a flourishing of the artform from around 1200. The field is divided by scholars into four types, Arabic, Persian, Mughal (Indian), Ottoman (Turkish).
As in the art history of Europe, "miniature" is generally reserved for images including people, with abstract or geometrical decorative schemes on the pages of books called "illumination". These are much more common, and less sensitive, often found in grand copies of the Quran, as for example in Ottoman illumination.

## History

For a long time, Islamic art from outside the Persianate world was considered aniconic in academic research. Known pictures including human figures from the mileu of Muslim courts have been described as an "aberration" by the early 20th-century writer Sir Thomas Arnold (d. 1930). He asserted that such images only belong to a later Persianate and Turkic cultural period. However, figurative arts existed since the formative stage of Islam. Small miniatures were not seen in public, as they were kept in the libraries or houses of the elites. However the depiction of Muhammad himself remained something to be approached with care, and various conventions such as masks and clouds were adopted to at least hide his face; sometimes miniatures were adusted at a later period to include this.
Figurative arts enjoyed prestige among both orthodox Sunni circles as well as Shia Muslims of the early Islamic period. They have been prominent among Arabic speaking caliphates of Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordova, inspired by Sasanid and Byzantine models. Furthermore, even later non-Arabic rulers, ordering figurative arts in the 14th-17th century, were zealous enforcers of the laws of the Sharia.
The rejection of figurative arts at a later stage may be better explained as an attempt to hide the subjugation of Arabian culture by the Ottomans rather than religious prohibition.
# M. Aslam Alam

M. Aslam Alam is a retired Bangladeshi civil servant and chairman of the Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority of Bangladesh. He is the former rector of the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre. He was the secretary of the Bank and Financial Institutions Division.

## Early life

Alam did his bachelor's and master's in accounting at the University of Dhaka. He did another master's in international relations at the International University of Japan. He did his PhD at the University of New South Wales in sociology.

## Career

In October 2012, Alam was appointed secretary of the Financial Institutions Division replacing Md. Shafiqur Rahman Patwary. He was the secretary of the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief. He dissolved the board of directors of BASIC Bank Limited over loan and financial irregularities. He attended the plenary session of the Financial Action Task Force in Paris. He was removed from his post and made an officer on special duty following the Bangladesh Bank hacking in an attempt to steal one billion USD. The Federal Bureau of Investigation suspected it was the North Korean government.
Alam served from 4 May 2017 to 28 July 2019 as the rector of the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre. He had served as the Director General of the Prime Minister's Office.
Alam was the chairman of the Bangladesh Institute for Information Literacy and Sustainable Development.
Alam was appointed chairman of the Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority of Bangladesh on 9 September 2024 following the resignation of Mohammad Jainul Bari.
# Package format

Package format is a type of archive containing computer programs and additional metadata needed by package managers; an instance of this type of archive is called a package. While the archive file format itself may be unchanged, package formats carry additional metadata, such as a manifest file or certain directory layouts. Packages may contain either source code or executable files.
Packages may be converted from one type to another with software such as Alien.

## Software supply chain and security

Packages are an important component in managing the security and integrity of the software supply chain. Packages containing executables and configuration can be digitally signed to establish the integrity of running software and protect against tampering.
Package formats that support code signing include .deb (Debian), .msi (Microsoft Windows), .apk (Android) and .ipa (IOS, IPadOS).

## Common formats
### Specialized formats

| Format | Consumed by |
| AIR | Adobe AIR |
| Bottle | Homebrew |

### BSD-based formats

| Format | Consumed by |
| .ipa | IOS, IPadOS |
| Ports (BSD) | pkgsrc, FreeBSD, OpenBSD |
| PKG | macOS, iOS, PlayStation 3, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX System V, Symbian, BeOS, Apple Newton |

### Linux-based formats

| Format | Consumed by |
| AAB | Android |
| APK (Alpine) | Alpine Linux |
| APK (Android) | Android |
| AppImage | Linux distribution-agnostic |
| Deb | Debian and its derivatives, such as Raspberry Pi OS, Kali Linux, Ubuntu, and Linux Mint |
| ebuild | Gentoo Linux |
| eopkg | Solus |
| Nixpkg | Nix, NixOS, Home Manager |
| Portage | Gentoo Linux, ChromeOS |
| Flatpak | Linux distribution-agnostic |
| .app, .hap | HarmonyOS, OpenHarmony, Oniro OS and Linux based Unity Operating System |
| PISI | Pardus |
| .pkg.tar.zst | Arch Linux |
| PUP and PET | Puppy Linux (PUP format is deprecated since version 3.0) |
| RPM | Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, derivatives such as CentOS, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, openSUSE |
| Snap | Linux distribution-agnostic, mainly developed for Ubuntu |

### Windows formats

| Format | Consumed by |
| APPX and APPXBundle | Windows 8 and later, Windows Phone |
| Windows Installer package / MSI | Windows Installer on Microsoft Windows |

### Generic formats

Arch Linux's Pacman and Slackware use 'tar' archives with generic naming but specific internal structures.
# Teruki

Teruki (written: 輝紀, 輝希, 輝樹 or 輝綺) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Teruki Hara (原 輝綺, born 1998), Japanese footballer
* Teruki Miyamoto (宮本 輝紀, 1940–2000), Japanese footballer
* Teruki Origuchi (折口 輝樹, born 2001), Japanese footballer
* Teruki Tabata (田畑 輝樹, born 1979), Japanese footballer
* Teruki Tanaka (田中 輝希, born 1992), Japanese footballer
# Erica obliqua

Erica obliqua is a plant belonging to the genus Erica and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Western Cape.
# Patrick Brown (photographer)

Patrick Brown (born January 23, 1969) is an Australian photojournalist and photographer.
Brown was the recipient of the 2019 FotoEvidence Book Award and has received two World Press Photo Award awards. His work has been exhibited internationally at the Centre of Photography in New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Photography in Tokyo, and Visa pour l’Image in France. His work is also held in private collections.
He has contributed to Rolling Stone, The New Yorker, TIME, Newsweek, Vanity Fair, National Geographic, and Mother Jones. He has also worked with UNICEF, UNHCR, Fortify Rights, and Human Rights Watch.

## Life and work

Brown was born in Sheffield, England, and spent his childhood in the Middle East and Africa before his family settled in Perth, Western Australia.
He is the author of Trading to Extinction, a 2014 book documenting the illegal animal trade in Asia. The book is also the subject of a video documentary by Vice Media.
In 2019, he published No Place On Earth, a portrayal of survivors of the persecution of the Myanmar Rohingya population in 2017.

## Awards

Brown's project on the illegal trade of endangered animals won a World Press Photo Award in 2004 and a multimedia award from POYi in 2008.
His book Trading to Extinction was nominated as one of the ten best photo documentary books of 2014 by the American magazine Photo.
Brown was awarded a World Press Photo award in the category "General news, singles" in 2018 for documenting the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The photograph showed the bodies of Rohingya refugees laid out after the boat in which they were attempting to flee Myanmar capsized. The work was commissioned by Panos Pictures for UNICEF.
# The Earl Scruggs Revue

The Earl Scruggs Revue is a 1973 album by the progressive country band of the same name, formed by Earl Scruggs with his sons Gary and Randy Scruggs.

## Track listing

Side 1
* "If I'd Only Come and Gone" (Shel Silverstein) – 2:55
* "Tears" (Craig Fuller) – 2:12
* "Some of Shelley's Blues" (Michael Nesmith) – 2:57
* "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" (Bob Dylan) – 4:25
* "Step It Up and Go" (Blind Boy Fuller) – 2:25
* "Back Slider's Wine" (Michael Martin Murphey) – 2:33
Side 2
* "Down in the Flood" (Bob Dylan) – 2:38
* "Love In My Time" (Steve Young) – 3:43
* "Holiday Hotel" (Alan Garth, Jim Messina) – 2:07
* "Come On Train" (Josh Graves) – 5:30
* "Salty Dog Blues" (Wiley Morris, Zeke Morris) – 2:10
* "Station Break" (Earl Scruggs) – 1:59

## Personnel

* Earl Scruggs – banjo, backing vocals
* Gary Scruggs – electric bass, harmonica, lead vocals
* Randy Scruggs – electric and acoustic lead guitars, rhythm guitar, backing vocals
* Jody Maphis – drums, backing vocals
* Josh Graves – dobro, guitar, lead vocals on "Step It Up and Go"; backing vocals
* Jack Lee – keyboards
With:
* Tracy Nelson – backing vocals
* Andy McMahon – piano, organ, backing vocals
* Chip Young – rhythm guitar
* The Holladays – backing vocals on "Down in the Flood"
* Karl Himmel – drums on "Love in My Time", "Tears" and "Come on Train"

## Reviews

* Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Earl Scruggs Revue - Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 18 March 2025.