# Paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands

The paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands includes all plant and fungi fossils preserved in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Lagerstätten. The highlands are a series of Early Eocene geological formations which span an 1,000 km (620 mi) transect of British Columbia, Canada and Washington state, United States and are known for the diverse and detailed plant fossils which represent an upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. A returned focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands sites revived in the 1970s. The noted richness of agricultural plant families in Republic and Princeton floras resulted in the term "Eocene orchards" being used for the paleofloras.

## Paleoflora

The Eocene Okanagan Highlands hosted a diverse mix of temperate and tropical paleobiotic elements, with the forests having the first significant proportions of temperate plants in North America. The paleobotanical community was a mixture of plants found in subtropical evergreen and temperate deciduous forests. Included in the forest were a number of important modern temperate flowering plant families such as Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and Sapindaceae, plus the conifer family Pinaceae. Study of the deciduous plants from the highlands has documented the occurrence of heteromorphic leaves derived from sun versus shade conditions and long shoot or short shoot buds. The paleobotanical community of the Republic area has been noted as the most diverse floral community of the Okanagan highlands, with some estimates ranging to over 68 families and 134 genera being present. The noted richness of Rosaceae fossils along with other important agricultural plant families found in the Republic and Princeton floras, including the genera that contain modern apples, blackberries, cherries, and serviceberries resulted in Wes Wher and Donald Hopkins (1994) coining the term "Eocene orchards". Fossil evidence from both Sorbus/Crataegus and Rhus leaves in the Republic sites indicate the area was a center for species overlap and active hybridization events.

## Extent

The majority of the lake deposits are compression fossils in lake bed sediments grouped informally into "Northern", "Central", and "Southern" sites. The Northern sites are composed of unnamed Ootsa Group formations which outcrop as the "Driftwood shales" near Smithers, British Columbia, sites now considered lost in the Quesnel, British Columbia area, and the "Horsefly shales", of an unnamed formation and unnamed group which outcrop around Horsefly, British Columbia. The Central sites represent Kamloops Group formations with the McAbee Fossil Beds, Tranquille River site and Falkland site, all in the Tranquille Formation, the Quichena site and Stump Lake site in the Coldwater Beds and outcrops of the Chu Chua Formation near Barriere, British Columbia. The Southern sites include the Princeton Group Allenby Formation sites surrounding Princeton, British Columbia, such as "Nine Mile Creek", "One Mile Creek", "Pleasant Valley", "Thomas Ranch", "Vermilian Bluffs", and "Whipsaw Creek". The most southerly of the Okanagan Highlands lakes, the Klondike Mountain Formation in Northern Ferry County, Washington include the "Boot Hill", "Corner Lot", "Gold Mountain", "Knob Hill", and "Mount Elizabeth" localities. Closely correlated with the Klondike Mountain Formation are the Penticton groups Kettle River, Marama and Marron Formations in the Boundary District along the Canada-United States border.
There is debate as to the affiliation of the, now lost, Quesnel outcrops with the Greater Okanagan Highlands. Archibald et al. (2018) in the monograph overview of the Highlands Hymenoptera included them as part of the series. However the certainty for the placement was later questioned by Archibald and Cannings (2022) who opted to tentatively exclude Quesnel from the highlands while discussing the history of field collecting in the region.

## Chert and amber

Additionally two important non-compression biotas are present in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands. A permineralized chert flora, the Princeton Chert is found along the Similkameen River interbedded with coal deposits of the Ashnola shale unit, Allenby Formation known for anatomically preserved plants. In the Central sites, subbituminous coal of the Hat Creek Coal Formation around Hat Creek hosts an amber biota, the Hat Creek amber which preserves many small insects and plant fragments that would likely not be found in the compression biotas.

## Diatoms

Two algae taxa of the protist order Ochrophyta have been described from the highlands, and are placed in the family Aulacoseiraceae, a member of the diatom order Bacillariophyceae,. The third algae is identified as a living paleoendemic Mallomonas species now restricted to warmer climates in North America and Europe.
| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes |
| Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira | "Undescribed" | Horsefly | An aulacoseiraceous diatom Not described to species |
| Aulacoseiraceae | †Eoseira | †Eoseira wilsonii | Horsefly | An aulacoseiraceous diatom |
| Mallomonadaceae [fr; zh; be] | Mallomonas | Mallomonas intermedia  [d] | Horsefly | An mallomonadaceous [d] synurid algae Extant, and considered a paleoendemic species for Canada |

## Bryophytes

A group of six mosses were described from the Allenby Formation by Kuc (1972,1974) representing the genera Ditrichites, Hypnites  [es; vi] and Plagiopodopsis  [d], with two species placed in the morphogenus Muscites  [wikispecies]. Further revision of the fossils was conducted by Milner (1980), who placed two species into the genus Plagiopodopsis and moved both species described as Palaeohypnum to other genera. One further moss has been described from Horsefly, and placed in the living genus Aulacomnium by Janssens et al (1979). Dillhoff et al. (2013) reference undescribed moss specimens from the Klondike Mountain Formation known from vegetative gametophytes, and George Poinar, Jr. et al. (1999) illustrated an undescribed specimen of moss entombed in Hat Creek Amber.
| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Amblystegiaceae | †Hypnites  [es; vi] | †Hypnites jovet-astiae  [vi] | Princeton | An amblystegiaceous moss, First described as Palaeohypnum jovet-asti, moved to Hypnites jovet-astiae in 1980 | |
| Amblystegiaceae | †Hypnites  [es; vi] | †Hypnites steerei  [vi] | Princeton | An amblystegiaceous moss First described as Palaeohypnum steerei, moved to Hypnites steerei in 1980 | |
| Aulacomniaceae | Aulacomnium | †Aulacomnium heterostichoides  [vi] | Horsefly | An aulacomniaceous moss | |
| Bartramiaceae | †Plagiopodopsis  [d] | †Plagiopodopsis eocenicus | Princeton | A bartramiaceous moss First described as Muscites eocenicus  [d], moved to Plagiopodopsis eocenicus in 1980 | |
| ?Ditrichaceae | †Ditrichites | †Ditrichites fylesi | Princeton | A ditrichaceous moss | |
| Incertae sedis | †Muscites  [wikispecies] | †Muscites maycocki | Princeton | A moss of uncertain placement | |
| Incertae sedis | †Muscites  [wikispecies] | †Muscites ritchiei | Princeton | A moss of uncertain placement | |
| Undescribed | Undescribed | Undescribed | Falkland Horsefly Princeton Republic | Undescribed moss compression specimens | undescribed bryophyte |
| Undescribed | Undescribed | Undescribed | Hat Creek | Undescribed moss amber specimens | |

## Lycophytes

Both an undescribed member of the fossil quillwort genus Isoetites and the spikemoss genus Selaginella have been found in the Klondike Mountain Formation, while an additional fossil deemed Cf. Selaginella was later reported from the Allenby Formation.
| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Isoetaceae | †Isoetites | Undescribed | Republic | A quillwort relative Not described | Isoetites species |
| Selaginellaceae | Selaginella | Undescribed | Republic | A spikemoss Not described | Selaginella species |
| Selaginellaceae | Cf. Selaginella | Undescribed | Princeton | A spikemoss from the Thomas Ranch site. Not described | |

## Pteridophytes

Five species of ferns and fern relatives have been described from the compression biotas and an additional four compression taxa that have been tentatively identified to family or genus. A series of four additional ferns have been described from premineralized specimens in the Princeton Chert and a fifth taxon is identified to genus. Several fern specimens were briefly mentioned from Horsefly but no taxonomic assignment was made due to lack of reproductive vegetation.
| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Athyriaceae | †Dickwhitea | †Dickwhitea allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | An athyriaceous fern | |
| Athyriaceae | †Makotopteris  [wikispecies] | †Makotopteris princetonensis  [wikispecies] | Princeton Chert | An athyriaceous fern | |
| Blechnaceae | †Trawetsia  [wikispecies] | †Trawetsia princetonensis  [wikispecies] | Princeton Chert | A blechnacious fern | |
| Blechnaceae | Woodwardia | †Woodwardia arctica | Chu Chua | A blechnacious fern First identified as Woodwardia maxoni | |
| Cystopteridaceae | Cf. Cystopteris | Undescribed | Republic | A possible bladder fern relative. Not identified to species | |
| Dennstaedtiaceae | Dennstaedtia | †Dennstaedtia christophelii | Falkland Republic | A Hayscented fern First identified at Falkland as (?)Adiantum sp.2 | Dennstaedtia christophelii |
| Dennstaedtiaceae | †Dennstaedtiopsis | †Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata | Princeton Chert | A dennstaedtioid fern | |
| Equisetaceae | Equisetum | †Equisetum similkamense | Chu chua Princeton | A scouring rush Possibly a synonym of Equisetum boreale per Berry (1926). | |
| Equisetaceae | Equisetum | Undescribed | Falkland Hat Creek Republic | A scouring rush. Not identified to species | Equisetum species Not described |
| Hymenophyllaceae | Hymenophyllum | †Hymenophyllum axsmithii | Republic | A filmy fern | |
| Lygodiaceae | Lygodium | Undescribed | Republic | A climbing fern. Not identified to species | |
| Osmundaceae | Osmunda | Undescribed | Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Princeton Chert | An osmundaceous fern Not identified to species | |
| Pteridaceae | (?)Adiantum | Undescribed | Falkland | A possible maidenhair fern Not identified to species Listed by Smith et al. (2012) as (?)Adiantum sp. 1 | |
| Salviniaceae | Azolla | †Azolla primaeva | Horsefly Princeton Quilchena Republic Stump Lake | A mosquito fern, First described as Azollophyllum primaevum | |
| Salviniaceae | Azolla | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland | A mosquito fern, Not identified to species | |
| Salviniaceae | Salvinia | Undescribed | Republic (Mt Elizabeth) | A "watermoss" species. Not identified to species. | Salvinia species not described |
| Thelypteridaceae | Cf. Phegopteris | Unidentified | Driftwood | A northern beech fern species. Not described to species. Comparable to species of the P. connectilis group | Cf. Phegopteris |

## Gymnosperms

Three major groups of gymnosperms are present in the Okanagan Highlands formations, with the most speciose being the pinophytes. The ginkgophytes are represented by two species of Ginkgo, while an undescribed Zamiaceae member is the sole cycadophyte.

### Cycadophytes

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Zamiaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Republic | A zamiaceous cycad. Not described to genus/species | Undescribed zamiaceous leaf |

### Gingkophytes

| Family | Genus | Species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo | Ginkgo biloba | Chu chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic Tranquille | A ginkgo, Possibly belonging to †Ginkgo adiantoides instead. | Ginkgo biloba |
| Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo | †Ginkgo dissecta | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A ginkgo | Ginkgo dissecta |
| Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo | Undescribed | Driftwood Hat Creek | A ginkgo Not described to species | |

### Conifers
#### Cupressaceae

| Family | Genus | Species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Cunninghamioideae | Cunninghamia | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Princeton Republic | A Cunninghamia Not described to species | Cunninghamia species. |
| Cupressoideae | Calocedrus | Undescribed | Quilchena Republic | An incense cedar Not described to species | |
| Cupressoideae | Chamaecyparis | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A false cypress Not described to species Possibly in the Callitropsis nootkatensis lineage. | |
| Cupressoideae | †Cupressinocladus  [fr] | †Cupressinocladus interruptus | Falkland | A Cupressoid foliage morphotaxon. | |
| Cupressoideae | †Cupressinocladus  [fr] | Undescribed | Princeton | A Cupressoid foliage morphotaxon. Not described to species First identified as Chamaecyparis linguaefolia | |
| Cupressoideae | Juniperus | Undescribed | Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton | A juniper Not described to species | |
| Cupressoideae | Thuja | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | An arborvitae Not described to species | |
| Cupressoideae | Cf. Calocedrus | Undescribed | McAbee | An incense cedar relative Not described to genus/species | |
| Cupressoideae | Cf. Thujopsis | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Republic | A Hiba relative Not described to genus/species | |
| Sequoioideae | Metasequoia | †Metasequoia milleri | Princeton Chert | A dawn redwood | |
| Sequoioideae | Metasequoia | †Metasequoia occidentalis | Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Kettle River McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic Tranquille | A dawn redwood Older sources identified as: "Sequoia" angustifolia S." brevifolia "S." heerii "S." langsdorfii (in part) "S." nordenskiöldi Taxodium distichum miocenum (in part) Taxodium occidentale | Metasequoia occidentalis |
| Sequoioideae | Metasequoia | Undescribed | Hat Creek | A dawn redwood Not described to species | |
| Sequoioideae | Sequoia | †Sequoia affinis | Falkland Princeton Republic | A Redwood Reported by Brown (1935) from Republic as "Sequioa langsdorfii" | Sequoia affinis |
| Sequoioideae | Sequoia | Undescribed | Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly McAbee Quilchena | |
| Taiwanioideae | Taiwania | Undescribed | Republic | A Taiwania species not described to species | |
| Taxodioideae | Cryptomeria | Undescribed | McAbee Republic | A sugi Not described to species | |
| Taxodioideae | Glyptostrobus | †Glyptostrobus europaeus | Chu Chua Horsefly Kamloops Stump Lake Princeton | A Chinese swamp cypress | |
| Taxodioideae | Glyptostrobus | Undescribed | Falkland(?) Hat Creek Quilchena Republic | A Chinese swamp cypress Not described to species | Glyptostrobus species |
| Taxodioideae | Taxodium | †Taxodium dubium | Chu Chua Falkland Republic | A bald cypress | |
| Taxodioideae | Taxodium | Undescribed | Chu Chua Hat Creek (pollen) McAbee Princeton Quilchena | A bald cypress not described to species | |
| Incertae sedis | †Cupressinoxylon | †Cupressinoxylon dawsoni | Horsefly | A fossil cupressaceous? wood First described as Cupressoxylon dawsoni | |
| Incertae sedis | †Cupressinoxylon | †Cupressinoxylon macrocarpoides | Kettle River | A fossil cupressaceous? wood First described as Cupressoxylon macrocarpoides | |

#### Pinaceae

| Family | Genus | Species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Abietoideae | Abies | †Abies milleri | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | Oldest true fir described | |
| Abietoideae | Abies | †Abies toxirivus | Chu Chua Quilchena | A fir conescale morphospecies First named Pinus steenstrupiana in (1868) Moved to Abies steenstrupiana 1952 Moved to Abies toxirivus in 1959 | |
| Abietoideae | Abies | Undescribed | Driftwood Horsefly Quilchena | A true fir Not described to species | |
| Abietoideae | Keteleeria | Undescribed | Quilchena | A Keteleeria species Not described to species | |
| Abietoideae | Pseudolarix | Pseudolarix amabilis | Chu Chua Driftwood McAbee Princeton Stump Lake | A golden larch originally identified as Pseudolarix americana, then as Pseudolarix arnoldii | |
| Abietoideae | Pseudolarix | †Pseudolarix wehrii | Princeton Republic | A long bracted golden larch Originally described as Pseudolarix americana. | Pseudolarix wehrii |
| Abietoideae | Pseudolarix | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Quilchena | A golden larch Not described to species | |
| Abietoideae | Tsuga | Undescribed | Driftwood Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Princeton Quilchena Republic | A hemlock Not described to species | |
| Laricoideae | Pseudotsuga | †Pseudotsuga miocena | Horsefly | A Carbonized/petrified wood species Found in the Cariboo mine at ~400–500 ft (120–150 m) depth | Pseudotsuga miocena Radial thin section |
| Piceoideae | Picea | †Picea columbiensis | Kettle River | A spruce cone & needle species | Picea columbiensis |
| Piceoideae | Picea | †Picea quilchenensis | Quilchena | A spruce needle species Penhallow (1908) notes it may actually belong to P. tranquilensis | |
| Piceoideae | Picea | †Picea tranquilensis | Tranquille | A spruce needle species Penhallow (1908) notes P. quilchenensis may be a synonym | |
| Piceoideae | Picea | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A spruce Not described | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus allisonii | Princeton Chert | A 2-needled Pine | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus andersonii | Princeton Chert | A 3-needled Pine | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus arnoldii | Princeton Chert | A basal Pine, First described for ovulate cones A whole plant reconstruction includes the synonymized P. similkameenensis. | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus columbiana | Kettle River | A permineralized pinaceous wood, compression cone species | Pinus columbiana |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus driftwoodensis | Driftwood | A permineralized pinaceous cone | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus latahensis | Princeton Republic | A 5-needle pine | Pinus latahensis |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus macrophylla | Republic | A 3 needle pine, jr homoym to Pinus macrophylla Lindley 1839 | "Pinus macrophylla" |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus monticolensis | Princeton Republic | A pinaceous winged seed morphogenus | Pinus monticolensis |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus princetonensis | Princeton Chert | A pinaceous cone | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus tetrafolia | Republic | A possible 4 needled pine Noted by Berry as "highly improbable that this should represent a distinct botanic species" | "Pinus tetrafolia" |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus trunculus | Chu Chua Horsefly Quilchena Princeton Tranquille Stump Lake | A 3-needle pine | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | †Pinus tulameenensis | Princeton | A 5-needle pine | |
| Pinoideae | Pinus | Undescribed | Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Quilchena | Pine leaves and seeds Not described to species | |

#### Sciadopityaceae

| Name | Authority | Year | Family | Notes | Images |
| Sciadopityaceae | Sciadopitys | Undescribed | Republic | An umbrella pine species | Sciadopitys species |

#### Taxaceae

| Name | Authority | Year | Family | Notes | Images |
| Taxaceae | Amentotaxus | Undescribed | Horsefly Princeton Republic | A yew Not described to species | Amentotaxus sp. |
| Taxaceae | Cf. Amentotaxus | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Quilchena | A yew Not described to genus/species | |
| Taxaceae | Cephalotaxus | Unidentified | Republic | A yew Originally described placed in the Miocene Cephalotaxus bonseri Not described to species | |
| Taxaceae | Taxus | Undescribed | Hat Creek (pollen) Horsefly Princeton (pollen) Republic | A yew Not described to species | |
| Taxaceae | Cf. Taxus | Undescribed | McAbee | A yew relative Not described to genus/species | |
| Taxaceae | Torreya | Undescribed | Horsefly | A plum-yew Not described to species | |
| Taxaceae | Cf. Torreya | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic | A plum-yew relative Not described to genus/species | |
| Taxaceae | Unidentified | Unidentified | Falkland | Cephalotaxaceous needles Not described to genus/species | |

## Angiosperms
### Nymphaeales

The basal angiosperms are represented by two Nymphaeales water-lily species Nuphar carlquistii from the Republic and Princeton shales, plus Allenbya collinsonae from the Princeton Chert. Wehr (1995) illustrated two fossils that were tentatively identified as fruits of the banana genus Ensete and the extinct myrtle genus Paleomyrtinaea respectively, however further fossil finds resulted in the re-identification of the first as a N. carlquistii rhizome section, and the second is a seed mass from the same water-lily.
| Family | Genus | Species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Nelumbonaceae? | †Nelumbium  [d] | †Nelumbium pygmaeum | Horsefly Princeton | Possible lotus family leaves Synonym Nelumbo pygmaea (Dawson) Knowlton (1919) | |
| Nelumbonaceae? | †Nelumbium  [d] | Unidentified | Princeton | Fragmentary possible lotus family leaves Penhallow suggests possibly the same as N. pygmaeum. | |
| Nelumbonaceae? | Nelumbo | Unidentified | Falkland | Lotus leaves Not described to gens or species | |
| Nymphaeaceae | †Allenbya | †Allenbya collinsonae | Princeton Chert | A waterlily relative. Not to be confused with the odonate Allenbya | |
| Nymphaeaceae | Nuphar | †Nuphar carlquistii | Princeton Republic | A waterlily, Rhizome sections were first identified as Ensete. | Nuphar carlquistii seeds |

### Magnoliids

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Lauraceae | Lindera | Undescribed | Princeton | A spicewood species. Not described. | |
| Lauraceae | Cf. Lindera | Undescribed | Horsefly | A spicewood like species. Not described. | |
| Lauraceae | Liriodendron | Undescribed | Chu Chua | Tentative identification based on 2 partial specimens | |
| Lauraceae | †Litseaphyllum  [wikispecies] | Undescribed | Republic | A lauraceous form species. Not described | |
| Lauraceae | Ocotea | Undescribed | Republic | A stinkwood species. Not described | |
| Lauraceae | Phoebe | Undescribed | McAbee Princeton Republic | A Phoebe sp. Not described. | |
| Lauraceae | Sassafras | †Sassafras hesperia | Chu Chua Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic | A sassafras Formerly identified as Sassafras sellwyni | Sassafras hesperia |
| Lauraceae | Sassafras | Undescribed | Driftwood Quilchena | A sassafras species Not described to species | |
| Lauraceae | Unidentified | Unidentified | Falkland | Lauraceous leaves Not described to genus or species | |
| Lauraceae | Unidentified | Unidentified | Princeton chert | Lauraceous fruits Likely from a "self pruning" species Not described to genus or species. | |
| Magnoliaceae | †Liriodendroxylon | †Liriodendroxylon princetonensis | Princeton Chert | A Liriodendron-like wood. | |
| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia | Undescribed | Princeton Republic | Magnolia leaves Republic fossils possibly Magnolia subgenus Talauma Not described to species | Magnolia |
| Saururaceae | Saururus | †Saururus tuckerae  [d] | Princeton Chert | A lizard's-tail species | |
| incertae sedis | †Dillhoffia | †Dillhoffia cachensis | McAbee Republic | A flower of uncertain floral relationship, possibly of Magnoliid affinity | Dillhoffia cachensis |
| incertae sedis | †Princetonia | †Princetonia allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | A possibly aquatic magnoliopsid flower of uncertain affiliation. | |

### Monocots

Pigg, Manchester, and DeVore (2023) gave brief descriptions of three monocots from Horsefly, labeling them as Monocot #1 (broad leaved), Monocot #2 (parallel veined), and Monocot #3 (parallel veined). They did not give any taxonomic possibilities for the affinities of the fossils.
| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Alismataceae | †Heleophyton | †Heleophyton helobieoides | Princeton Chert | An aquatic or emergent water-plantain | |
| Amaryllidaceae | †Paleoallium | †Paleoallium billgenseli | Princeton Republic | An onion relative | Paleoallium billgenseli |
| Aponogetonaceae | Aponogeton | †Aponogeton longispinosum | Princeton chert | A Cape-pondweed pollen | |
| Araceae | †Keratosperma | †Keratosperma allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | An arum family member | |
| Araceae | Orontium | †Orontium wolfei | Princeton Republic | A golden club | Orontium wolfei |
| Arecaceae | †Uhlia | Uhlia allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | A Coryphoid palm | |
| Cyperaceae | Carex | Undescribed | Horsefly Quilchena | Sedge fruits Not described to species. | |
| Poaceae | †Phragmites | Undescribed | Kettle River Princeton | grass family leaves of uncertain nature. | |
| Potamogetonaceae | Potamogeton | Unidescribed | Kettle River | A possible Potamogeton species fruit. Not described to species | |
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | Undescribed | Republic | A greenbrier species. Not Described | |
| Typhaceae | Typha | Undescribed | Hat Creek Coal Republic | A cattail species. Not described | |
| Cf. Iridaceae | †Pararisteapollis | †Pararisteapollis stockeyi | Princeton Chert | A possible iridaceous pollen morphotype | |
| Incertae sedis | †Ethela | †Ethela sargentiana | Princeton chert | A cyperaceous or juncaceous poalean monocot | |
| Incertae sedis | †Soleredera | †Soleredera rhizomorpha | Princeton Chert | A lilialean genus of uncertain placement | |

### Eudicots
#### "Basal eudicots"

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Menispermaceae | Calycocarpum | Undescribed | Republic | A moonseed Not described to species | |
| Platanaceae | †Langeranthus | †Langeranthus dillhoffiorum | Republic | A plane tree relative fruiting head. | |
| Platanaceae | †Langeria | †Langeria magnifica | Chu Chua McAbee Quilchena Republic | A plane tree relative. Formerly identified as "Corylus" macquarrii and then a witch-hazel relative. | Langeria magnifica |
| Platanaceae | †Macginicarpa  [wikispecies] | Undescribed | Horsefly Princeton Republic | A plane tree fruit taxon Not described to species | Macginicarpa  [d] species |
| Platanaceae | †Macginitiea | †Macginitiea gracilis | Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic | A plane tree relative. First described at Horsefly as Aralia notata (Penhallow, 1902) | Macginitiea gracilis |
| Platanaceae | †Macginitiea | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Quilchena | sycamore relative leaves Not described to species | |
| Platanaceae | †Platananthus  [d] | Undescribed | Republic | A sycamore stamen head Not described to species | |
| Platanaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Horsefly | A Platanus like seed with dispersal hairs Not described to genus or species | |
| Ranunculaceae | Clematis | Undescribed | Horsefly Republic | A Clematis Not described to species | Clematis species |
| Sabiaceae | Meliosma | Undescribed | Republic | A Meliosma species Not described to species | |
| Sabiaceae | Sabia | Undescribed | Republic | A Sabia species Not described to species | |
| Schisandraceae | Kadsura | Undescribed | Republic | A kadsura species. Not described to species | |
| Trochodendraceae | †Paraconcavistylon | †Paraconcavistylon wehrii | McAbee Republic | A Trochodendrale first described as "Concavistylon" wehrii moved to a new genus in 2020. | |
| Trochodendraceae | †Pentacentron | †Pentacentron sternhartae | Republic | A Trochodendrale | Pentacentron sternhartae |
| Trochodendraceae | Tetracentron | †Tetracentron hopkinsii | Princeton Republic | A Trochodendrale, possibly the leaves of Pentacentron sternhartae | Tetracentron hopkinsii |
| Trochodendraceae | Tetracentron | Unidentified | Falkland | Tetracentron leaves Not described to species | |
| Trochodendraceae | Trochodendron | †Trochodendron drachukii | McAbee | A Trochodendron possibly the fruits of Trochodendron nastae | |
| Trochodendraceae | Trochodendron | †Trochodendron nastae | McAbee Republic | A Trochodendron Possibly the leaves of Trochodendron drachukii | Trochodendron nastae |
| Trochodendraceae | Trochodendron | Unidentified | Falkland | Trochodendron fruits Not described to species | |
| Trochodendraceae | †Zizyphoides  [wikispecies] | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A trochodendroid of uncertain placement. Leaves of the fruit taxon Nordenskioldia Not described to species. | Zizyphoides  [d] species |
| Trochodendraceae? | †Nordenskioldia  [wikispecies] | Undescribed | McAbee? Princeton Republic | A trochodendroid of uncertain placement. Not described to species. | |

#### "Superasterids"

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Aquifoliaceae | Ilex | Undescribed | Republic | A holly Not described to species | |
| Araliaceae | Aralia | Undescribed | Republic | A spikenard species Not described. | |
| Araliaceae | Cf. Aralia | Undescribed | McAbee? | A spikenard species foliage Not described. | |
| Araliaceae | Cf. †Paleopanax | Undescribed | McAbee? | A spikenard species fruit Not described. | |
| Bignoniaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Republic | A catalpa family member Not described | Bignoniaceae sp. fruit |
| Cornaceae | Cornus | Undescribed | Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A dogwood species, Not described Leaves from Horsefly deemed not Cornus | |
| Ebenaceae | Unidentified | "Diospyros" dawsonii | Chu Chua | A punitive persimmon relative. | |
| Ericaceae | Arbutus | Undescribed | Republic | A madrone relative Not described to species | |
| Ericaceae | Rhododendron | Undescribed | Republic | A Rhododendron Not described to species | |
| Ericaceae | Cf. Rhododendron | Undescribed | McAbee | A genus close to Rhododendron Not described to species | |
| Ericaceae | †Vaccinophyllum | †Vaccinophyllum quaestum | Princeton | An ericaceous leaf morphogenus | |
| Ericaceae | Cf. Leucothoe | Undescribed | Republic | A doghobble relative Not described to species | |
| Eucommiaceae | Eucommia | †Eucommia montana | Quilchena Republic | A "hard rubber tree" fruit | Eucommia montana |
| Eucommiaceae | Eucommia | †Eucommia rolandii | Quilchena | A "hard rubber tree" leaf | |
| Garryaceae | Aucuba | Undescribed | Republic | An Aucuba Not described to species Host to Incurvariidae (Aff. Incurvaria) moth feeding | |
| Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangea | Undescribed | Republic | A Hydrangea. Not described to species | |
| Hydrangeaceae | Philadelphus | Undescribed | Republic | A mock-orange Not described to species | |
| Icacinaceae | †Palaeophytocrene  [wikispecies] | Unidentified | Quilchena Republic | A Phytocrene relative Not described to species | |
| Nyssaceae | Diplopanax | †Diplopanax eydei | Princeton Chert | A tuplo relative. | |
| Nyssaceae | †Tsukada | †Tsukada davidiifolia | Princeton Republic | A dove-tree relative Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges. | Tsukada davidiifolia |
| Oleaceae | Fraxinus | †Fraxinus eoemarginata | Quilchena | An ash species with notched samara apex. | |
| Oleaceae | Fraxinus | Cf. †Fraxinus rupinarum | Quilchena | An ash species with rounded samara apex. | |
| Oleaceae | Fraxinus | undescribed | McAbee | A possible ash relative. Not described to species due to preservation. | |
| Schoepfiaceae? | Schoepfia? | †"Schoepfia" republicensis  [wikispecies] | Republic | A possible Schoepfia relative, First described as "Cornus acuminata. | "Schoepfia" republicensis |
| Theaceae | ?Gordonia | Undescribed | Falkland Republic | Possible Gordonia fruits Not described to genus or species. | ?Gordonia |
| Theaceae | †Ternstroemites  [wikispecies] | "Species A" | McAbee Quilchena Republic | A theaceous species similar to Gordonia Not described to species Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges. | Ternstroemites  [d] sp. "A" |
| Theaceae | †Ternstroemites  [wikispecies] | "Species B" | Falkland Republic | A theaceous species similar to Cleyera Not described to species | Ternstroemites  [d] sp. "B" |

#### "Superrosids"
##### Fabids COM clade

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Elaeocarpaceae | Sloanea | Undescribed | Republic | An elaeocarpaceous fruit Not described to species | Sloanea sp. |
| Salicaceae | Populus | †Populus acuminatafolia | Chu chua | A cottonwood leaf species | |
| Salicaceae | Populus | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Quilchena Republic | cottonwood leaves and branches Not described to species First identified as †Populus lindgreni at Republic | |
| Salicaceae | Pseudosalix | Undescribed | Driftwood Republic | A willow relative Not described to species | |
| Salicaceae | Salix | †Salix kamloopsiana | Kamloops | A willow species | |
| Salicaceae | Salix | †Salix orbicularis | Quilchena | A willow leaf morphospecies | |
| Salicaceae | Salix | †Salix tulameenensis | Princeton | A willow fruit morphospecies | |
| Salicaceae | Salix | Undescribed | McAbee Princeton (pollen) Republic | A willow Not described to species | |
| Salicaceae | Sapindus | Undescribed | Princeton | A soap berry leaf Not described to species | |
| Salicaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Falkland | Possible Salicaceous leaves Not described to genus or species | |

##### Fabids nitrogen‑fixing clade

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Betulaceae | †Alnites | †Alnites curta | Quilchena Princeton | A betulaceous relative. Not listed by Pagg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus | †Alnus cremastogynoides | Chu Chua | An alder. | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus | †Alnus crispoides | Chu Chua | An alder. Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952) | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus | †Alnus kefersteinii | Chu Chua | An alder. | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus | †Alnus parvifolia | Chu Chua Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | An alder. First described as Betula parvifolia (1926) Previously identified as A. corralina (pro part.), A. elliptica and Carpinus grandis (pro part.) | Alnus parvifolia |
| Betulaceae | Alnus | Undescribed | Chu Chua Driftwood McAbee Princeton Quilchena | An alder species Not described to species | |
| Betulaceae | Betula | †Betula leopoldae | Chu Chua Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A birch species | Betula leopoldae |
| Betulaceae | Betula | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Kettle River Quilchena Tranquille | Birch leaves and cones Not described to species Leaves not found by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Betulaceae | Carpinus | †Carpinus perryae | Republic | A hornbeam | Carpinus parryae |
| Betulaceae | Corylus | Corylus johnsonii | Republic | A hazel nut | Corylus johnsonii |
| Betulaceae | Corylus | Unidentified | Falkland(?) Princeton | A hazel nut leaf morphospecies Not described to species | |
| Betulaceae | †Corylites | Undescribed | Chu Chua Driftwood Horsefly Princeton Quilchena Republic | A hazel nut relative Not described to species | |
| Betulaceae | †Palaeocarpinus  [es; wikispecies] | †Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae  [wikispecies] | Horsefly Republic | An extinct coryloid relative | Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae  [d] |
| Betulaceae | †Palaeocarpinus  [es; wikispecies] | †Palaeocarpinus dentatus  [wikispecies] | Horsefly Quilchena Stump Lake Tranquille | An extinct coryloid relative. First described as Carpolithes dentatus | |
| Betulaceae | †Palaeocarpinus  [es; wikispecies] | †Palaeocarpinus stonebergae  [wikispecies] | Princeton | An extinct coryloid relative | |
| Betulaceae | †Palaeocarpinus  [es; wikispecies] | Undescribed | Driftwood McAbee Republic | Various Palaeocarpinus  [d] fruits Not described to species by modern studies formerly grouped under Carpolithes dentatus Horsefly specimens moved to P. barksdaleae (2023) | undescribed Palaeocarpinus  [d] species |
| Betulaceae | Cf. Corylus | Undescribed | McAbee (pollen) | A hazel nut Not described to species | |
| Betulaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Hat Creek Coal | A betulaceous taxon Not described to species | |
| Celtidaceae | Pteroceltis | Undescribed | Republic | A cannabaceous fruit Not described | Pteroceltis species fruit |
| Fagaceae | †Castaneophyllum  [wikispecies] | undescribed | Princeton Republic | An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species | |
| Fagaceae | †Dryophyllum | Undescribed | Quilchena | An extinct fagaceous leaf morphotype. Not described to species | |
| Fagaceae | †Fagopsis  [wikispecies] | †Fagopsis longifolia | Princeton Tranquille | Moved from Planera longifolia  [d] by Hollick (1909) Horsefly specimens identified as F. undulata (2023) | |
| Fagaceae | †Fagopsis  [wikispecies] | †Fagopsis undulata  [wikispecies] | Horsefly Princeton Republic | An extinct beech relative | Fagopsis undulata  [d] |
| Fagaceae | †Fagopsis  [wikispecies] | undescribed | Driftwood Horsefly | An extinct beech relative Not described to species | |
| Fagaceae | Fagus | †Fagus langevinii | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A beech | Fagus langevinii |
| Fagaceae | Fagus | Undescribed | Chu Chua | A beech | |
| Fagaceae | Quercus | †Quercus uglowi | Chu Chua | An oak leaf species | |
| Fagaceae | Quercus | undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Princeton Republic | Various oak leaves and pollen Not described to species | |
| Fagaceae | Cf. †Castaneophyllum  [wikispecies] | undescribed | Quilchena | An fagaceous morphogenus Not described to species | |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya dawsoni | Chu Chua | A punitive hickory First described as Hicoria dawsoni (1926) | |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya stanleyanum | Chu Chua Quilchena | A punitive hickory First described as Dryophyllum stanleyanum (1895) | |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Undescribed | Chu Chua McAbee (pollen) Quilchena Republic | A possible hickory Not described to species Not listed from Horsefly (2023) | |
| Juglandaceae | †Cruciptera  [wikispecies] | †Cruciptera simsonii  [wikispecies] | Republic | A walnut family relative. | |
| Juglandaceae | Juglans | Undescribed | McAbee (pollen) Princeton Quilchena Republic | A walnut family relative. Not described to species. | |
| Juglandaceae | Pterocarya | Undescribed | McAbee (pollen) Princetona Republic | A wingnut relative. Not described to species. | |
| Juglandaceae | Undescribed | Undescribed | Falkland | Juglandaceous leaves Not described to genus or species | |
| Moraceae | Ficus? | Undescribed | Princeton | Fragmentary fig? leaves Not described | |
| Moraceae | Morus | Undescribed | Republic | A mulberry, two types known. Not described to species | |
| Moraceae | Cf. Morus | Undescribed | Horsefly | Fragmentary mulberry? leaves Not described | |
| Myricaceae | Comptonia | †Comptonia columbiana | Falkland Kamloops McAbee Quilchena Princeton Republic | A comptonia species | Comptonia columbiana |
| Myricaceae | Comptonia | †Comptonia predryandroides | Chu Chua | A comptonia species |
| Myricaceae | Comptonia | †Comptonia quilchenensis | Quilchena | A comptonia species Described from a single poorly preserved leaf | |
| Myricaceae | Comptonia | Undescribed | Chu Chua | A comptonia species not identified to species Possibly C. columbiana or C. predryandroides | |
| Myricaceae | Myrica | †Myrica uglowi | Chu Chua | A bayberry species | |
| Myricaceae | Myrica | Undescribed | Horsefly? | A possible bayberry Not described to species Specimen was not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Polygalaceae | †Deviacer | †Deviacer wolfei | Horsefly | A milkwort relative. | |
| Polygalaceae | †Deviacer | Undescribed | Falkland Quilchena Republic | A milkwort relative Not described to species Horsefly specimens moved to Deviacer wolfei (2023) | Deviacer species |
| Rhamnaceae | Ceanothus | Undescribed | Princeton | A ceanothus leaf Not described to species | |
| Rhamnaceae | Paliurus | Undescribed | Princeton | A Paliurus leaf Not described to species | |
| Rhamnaceae | Rhamnus | †Rhamnus quilchenensis | Horsefly? Quilchena | A buckthorn species. Horsefly specimens not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Rosaceae | Amelanchier | Undescribed | McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A service berry Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Crataegus | †Crataegus tranquillensis | Tranquille | A hawthorn leaf | |
| Rosaceae | Crataegus | †Crataegus tulameensis | Princeton | A hawthorn fruit | |
| Rosaceae | Cf. Crataegus | Undescribed | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A hawthorn relative Not described to species Horsefly specimens not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Rosaceae | Cf. Hesperomeles | Undescribed | Horsefly | An Hesperomeles relative. Not described to genus or species | |
| Rosaceae | ?Holodiscus | Undescribed | Falkland | Possible oceanspray leaves Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Kerria | Undescribed | Republic | A Japanese kerria species Not described to species. | |
| Rosaceae | Malus | Cf. Malus idahoensis | Falkland | An apple Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Aff. Malus | Undescribed | Republic | A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to specie | |
| Rosaceae | Neviusia | †Neviusia dunthornei | Princeton | A snow-wreath | |
| Rosaceae | Neviusia | Undescribed | Republic | A snow-wreath Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Oemleria | †Oemleria janhartfordae | Republic | An Osoberry | |
| Rosaceae | †Paleorosa | †Paleorosa similkameenensis | Princeton Chert | A rose family flower | |
| Rosaceae | "Paraprunus" | Undescribed | Republic | An amygdaloid leaf morphotaxon Not described to genus/species Host to Cynipidae gall wasps The name "Paraprunus" is nomen nudum | |
| Rosaceae | Photinia | †Photinia pageae  [wikispecies] | Falkland Horsefly Republic | A Christmas-berry relative | Photinia pageae  [d] |
| Rosaceae | Photinia | Undescribed | Princeton | A Christmas-berry relative | |
| Rosaceae | Aff. Physocarpus | Undescribed | Princeton Republic | A possible nine-bark Not described to species Possibly stem Neillieae | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | †Prunus allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | A prunoid wood. | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | †Prunus cathybrownae | Republic | A cherry flower | Prunus cathybrownae |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Princeton chert species 1" | Princeton Chert | A prunoid seed. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Princeton chert species 2" | Princeton Chert | A prunoid seed. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Princeton chert species 3" | Princeton Chert | A prunoid seed. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Republic species 1" | Republic | A prunoid leaf. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Republic species 2" | Republic | A prunoid leaf. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | "Republic species 3" | Republic | A prunoid leaf. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Prunus | undescribed | Chu Chua Falkland(?) Horsefly Princeton Quilchena | A prunoid leaf. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Cf. Prunus | undescribed | Falkland McAbee | Amygdaloid leaves and flowers of prunoid affinity. Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Pyracantha | Undescribed | Republic | A firethorn sp. Tentative record, Not described to species. | |
| Rosaceae | Pyrus | Undescribed | Horsefly | A pear Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Cf. Pyrus | Undescribed | Republic | A maloid species possibly apple or pear Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Rubus | Undescribed | Horsefly Princeton Republic | A blackberry Not described to species | |
| Rosaceae | Sorbus? | †"Sorbus" decorifolia | Chu Chua | A punitive sorbus | |
| Rosaceae | Aff. Sorbus | Undescribed | McAbee Princeton Republic | A rowan relative Not described to species. | |
| Rosaceae | Aff. Spiraea | Undescribed | Falkland Princeton Republic | A bridal wreath Not described to species. | |
| Rosaceae | †Stonebergia | †Stonebergia columbiana | Princeton | A sorbarieous genus | Stonebergia columbiana |

##### Malvids

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Anacardiaceae | Rhus | †Rhus boothillensis | Republic | A sumac hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species | Rhus boothillensis |
| Anacardiaceae | Rhus | †Rhus garwellii | Republic | A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species | Rhus garwellii |
| Anacardiaceae | Rhus | †Rhus malloryi | Falkland Republic | A sumac with leaflets on short petiolules hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species | Rhus malloryi |
| Anacardiaceae | Rhus | †Rhus republicensis | Republic | A sumac with sessile leaflets hybridized with the other Klondike Mountain Formation Rhus species | |
| Anacardiaceae | Rhus | Undescribed | Falkland Horsefly McAbee? Quilchena Princeton | A sumac species Not described to species | |
| Anacardiaceae | Cf. Schinus | Undescribed | Horsefly | A Peruvian pepper tree species. Not described to species | |
| Burseraceae | †Barghoornia | †Barghoornia oblongifolia | Republic | An extinct Bursera relative | Barghoornia oblongifolia |
| Lythraceae | Decodon | †Decodon allenbyensis  [wikispecies] | Princeton Chert | A swamp loosestrife | |
| Lythraceae | Decodon | Undescribed | Princeton Republic | A swamp loosestrife Not described to species | |
| Malvaceae | Craigia | †Craigia oregonensis | Princeton | A Craigia species | |
| Malvaceae | Craigia | Undescribed | Republic | A Craigia species Not described to species | Craigia sp. |
| Malvaceae | †Florissantia | †Florissantia quilchenensis | Falkland Horsefly McAbee Quilchena Republic | A Florissantia species | Florissantia quilchenensis |
| Malvaceae | †Florissantia | Undescribed | Driftwood Princeton | A Florissantia species Not described to species Horsefly specimens identified ad F. quilchenensis (2023) | |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus | Undescribed | Republic | A hibiscus Not described to species | |
| Malvaceae | †Plafkeria | Undescribed | Republic | A linden relative Not described to species Host to Cecidomyiidae gall midges. | |
| Malvaceae | Tilia | †Tilia johnsoni | Republic | A Linden | Tilia johnsoni |
| Malvaceae | Tilia | Undescribed | Princeton Quilchena Republic | A Linden relative Not described to species | Cf. Tilia fruits |
| Myrtaceae | †Paleomyrtinaea | †Paleomyrtinaea princetonensis | Princeton Chert | A Myrtaceous fruit | |
| Simaroubaceae | †Ailanthophyllum | †Ailanthophyllum incertum | Tranquille | A leaf of simaroubaceous affinity. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | Acer dubium | Horsefly | single fruit missing a seed. Provisionally named by Penhallow (1902) Deemed nomen nudum by LaMotte (1952) not mentioned by Pigg, Manchester, & DeVore (2023) | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer hillsi | Republic | A maple samara. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer princetonense | Princeton | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer republicense | Republic | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer rousei | McAbee Princeton | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer spitzi | Republic | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer stewarti | McAbee Princeton | A maple leaf and samara species. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer stockeyae | Princeton | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer stonebergae | Princeton Republic | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer toradense | Princeton Republic | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer washingtonense | Republic | A maple leaf and samara species. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | †Acer wehri | Chu Chua McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A maple samara morphospecies. | |
| Sapindaceae | Acer | Undescribed | Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena | Various maple leaves and seeds. Not described to species Leaves host to Cynipidae gall wasps | |
| Sapindaceae | Aesculus | Undescribed | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A horse chestnut Not described to species. Possible nuts with a "hard and resisting shell" were reported by Penhallow (1908) from the Tulameen River. | |
| Sapindaceae | †Bohlenia | †Bohlenia americana | Falkland Republic | A soap berry genus | Bohlenia americana |
| Sapindaceae | †Bohlenia | † Cf. Bohlenia insignis | Chu Chua | A soap berry genus First described as Myrica uglowi | |
| Sapindaceae | †Bohlenia | Undescribed | Falkland Quilchena | A soap berry genus Not described | |
| Sapindaceae | Dipteronia | †Dipteronia brownii | Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Quilchena Republic | A Dipteronia species | Dipteronia brownii |
| Sapindaceae | Koelreuteria | †Koelreuteria dilcheri | Horsefly Republic | A Koelreuteria species | Koelreuteria dilcheri |
| Sapindaceae | Koelreuteria | Undescribed | | A Koelreuteria species | |
| Sapindaceae | †Wehrwolfea | †Wehrwolfea striata | Princeton Chert | A possible dodonaecous soapberry family flower | |
| Sapindaceae | Cf. Boniodendron | †"Koelreuteria" arnoldii | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A sapindaceous species first described as a Koelreuteria species, considered Cf. Boniodendron by Wang et al. (2012). | "Koelreuteria" arnoldii |
| Ulmaceae | †Cedrelospermum | Undescribed | Horsefly Quilchena Republic | An elm relative Not described to species | |
| Ulmaceae | †Ulminium | †Ulminium columbianum | Kettle River | An elm wood species. Moved from Ulmus columbiana in 1922 | Ulminium columbianum |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus | †Ulmus chuchuanus | Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falkland Quilchena Republic | An elm Originally named Ulmus columbianus Leaves and fruits first tentatively identified as Chaetaptelea and Zelkova | Ulmus chuchuanus |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus | †Ulmus okanaganensis | Chu Chua Driftwoodd Falkland McAbee Quilchena Republic | An elm | Ulmus okanaganensis |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus | †Ulmus protoamericana | Kettle River | An elm wood species. | Ulmus protoamericana |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus | †Ulmus protoracemosa | Kettle River | An elm wood species. | Ulmus protoracemosa |
| Ulmaceae | Ulmus | Undescribed | Driftwood Falkland Horsefly Princeton Quilchena | Various Elm leaves or fruits Not described to species | |

##### Saxifragales and basal Superrosids

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | Cercidiphyllum | †Cercidiphyllum obtritum  [wikispecies] | Princeton Republic | A katsura with suggested affinity to †Joffrea, First described as "Populus" obtrita | Cercidiphyllum obtritum  [d] |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | Unidentified | Unidentified | Chu Chua Driftwood Falkland McAbee Princeton Quilchena | A katsura relative with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium Horsefly specimens listed as Trochodendroides (2023) | undescribed Cercidiphyllaceous fruits |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | †Jenkinsella  [d] | Undescribed | Horsefly | A katsura fruit with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium | |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | †Trochodendroides | Undescribed | Horsefly | A katsura leaf with suggested affinity to †Joffrea or †Nyssydium | |
| Grossulariaceae | Ribes | Undescribed | Princeton Chert | A current fruit Not described | |
| Grossulariaceae | Ribes | Undescribed | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | A current Not described to species Two morphotypes present at Republic | |
| Hamamelidaceae | Corylopsis | †Corylopsis reedae | Republic | A winter-hazel | Corylopsis reedae |
| Hamamelidaceae | Corylopsis | Undescribed | Princeton Quilchena | A winter-hazel Not described to species | |
| Hamamelidaceae | Fothergilla | †Fothergilla malloryi | Princeton Republic | A witch alder | Fothergilla malloryi |
| Iteaceae | Itea | Undescribed | Republic | A Virginia willow species Not described to species. | |
| Iteaceae | Cf. Itea | undescribed | Falkland | A Virginia willow-like leaf Not described to genus or species. | |
| Vitaceae | Ampelocissus | †"Ampelocissus" similkameenensis | Princeton Chert | A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement | |
| Vitaceae | incertae sedis | "Type 1" | Princeton Chert | A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described | |
| Vitaceae | incertae sedis | "Type 2" | Princeton Chert | A grape family fruit of uncertain generic placement Not described | |
| Vitaceae | Unidentified | Unidentified | Falkland McAbee Princeton Republic | Vitoideae leaves/seeds In the Ampelocissus/Cissus/Vitis group Not described to species | |

#### Incertae sedis

| Family | Genus | species | Sites | Notes | Images |
| Incertae sedis | †Averrhoites | Undescribed | Falkland Horsefly McAbee Princeton Republic | A leaf morphotype of uncertain affiliation Not described to species | |
| incertae sedis | †Calycites | †Calycites ardtunensis | Republic | A winged fruit of unidentified affinities | Calycites ardtunensis |
| Incertae sedis | †Chaneya | †Chaneya tenuis | McAbee Princeton | A sapindalean flower of uncertain affiliations | Chaneya tenuis |
| Incertae sedis | †Eorhiza | †Eorhiza arnoldii | Princeton Chert | A semi-aquatic dicot of uncertain affinity. | |
| Incertae sedis | †Lagokarpos | †Lagokarpos lacustris | Horsefly | A fruit of uncertain affiliation | |
| Incertae sedis | †Pistillipollenites | †Pistillipollenites macgregorii | Horsefly | A palynomorph uncertain affiliation produced by Pistillipollianthus wilsoni flowers. | |
| Incertae sedis | †Pistillipollianthus | †Pistillipollianthus wilsoni | Horsefly | A flower of uncertain affiliation producer of the Pistillipollenites macgregorii palynomorph. | |
| Incertae sedis | †Pteroheterochrosperma | †Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis | Horsefly McAbee Republic | A winged fruit of uncertain affinity First placed as Ulmus minuta by Penhallow (1908) Also found in the Kishenehn Formation | Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis |
| incertae sedis | †Pteronepelys | †Pteronepelys wehrii | Republic | A samara of uncertain affinities. | Pteronepelys wehrii |
| incertae sedis | †Republica | †Republica hickeyi | Republic | An incertae sedis angiosperm possibly of hamamelid affiliations | Republica hickeyi |
| Incertae sedis | incertae sedis | †"Acer" negundifolium (Dawson) LaMotte (1952) | Stump Lake | Leaf fragments of a "problematic nature" First named Acerites negundifolium (1891) Wolfe and Tanai (1986) rejected the placement in Acer | |

## Fungi

A number of fungi have been preserved within the Princeton Chert, though only three have been formally described as of 2024. The first instance of ectomycorrhizae in the fossil record was reported by LePage et al. (1997) who documented mycorrhizal rootlets associated with Pinus roots.
| Order | Genus | species | Sites | Notes |
| Dothideales | †Palaeoserenomyces | †Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis | Princeton Chert | An ascomycetan fungus on the host palm Uhlia allenbyensis |
| Jahnulales | Xylomyces | undescribed | Princeton Chert | A jahnulalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Xylomyces giganteus. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii |
| Microascales | Culcitalna | undescribed | Princeton Chert | A microascalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Culcitalna achraspora. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii |
| Microascales | Thielaviopsis | undescribed | Princeton Chert | A microascalean fungi. Noted to be similar to Thielaviopsis basicola. In situ decomposer of Eorhiza arnoldii |
| Pleosporales | †Cryptodidymosphaerites | †Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis | Princeton Chert | An ascomycetan fungus hosted on Uhlia allenbyensis |
| Pleosporales | †Monodictysporites | †Monodictysporites princetonensis | Princeton Chert | An ascomycotan fungus hosted on Dennstaedtiopsis aerenchymata |
| Undescribed | Undescribed | Undescribed | Princeton chert | Ectomycorrhizae associated with Pinus roots Similar to the modern genera Rhizopogon and Suillus |

## Taxa of uncertain modern identification

A number of taxa identified or described by Penhallow (1902, 1906, 1908) and Berry (1926) have not received much or any modern attention, resulting in uncertainty of taxon affiliation, identification, or synonymy. Many late 1800's to early 1900's identifications of Okanagan highlands fossils were made based on geologic age assumptions ranging between the Miocene to Pliocene, and often specimens were grouped into species bins for taxa first described from Europe.
| Family | Species | Reporting Author | Sites | Notes |
| Adoxaceae | †"Viburnum antiquum" (Newberry) Hollick | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | First named as a viburnum leaf morphotype British Columbian specimens rejected from species by Manchester 2002 |
| Adoxaceae | †Viburnum dentoni Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Tranquille | A viburnum leaf morphotype |
| Araliaceae | Aralia acerifolia Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis. |
| Araliaceae | Aralia notata Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1902 | Horsefly Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton) | Fragmentary leaves. jr synonym of Macginitiea nobilis. |
| Betulaceae | Alnus alaskana Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Tulameen (Princeton) | Fragmentary leaves Type locality Kootznahoo islands, Alaska (Miocene?) |
| Betulaceae | Alnus carpinoides Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Tranquille (Princeton) | Fragmentary leaves Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon (Miocene?) |
| Betulaceae | Alnus serrulata fossilis Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Fragmentary leaves "Miocene of Western North America" |
| Betulaceae | Betula angustifolia Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Leaves. Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon |
| Betulaceae | Betula heterodonta Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena Tulameen (Princeton) | Leaves and one possible cone. Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon |
| Betulaceae | Betula macrophylla Göppert | Penhallow, 1908 | Tulameen (Princeton) | Fragmetary leaves with cones. Type locality Europe |
| Betulaceae | Betula stevensoni Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1902 | Horsefly Similkameen | Fragmentary leaves Type locality Laramie, Wyoming |
| Betulaceae | Carpinus grandis Unger ex Heer | Dawson, 1890 | Quilchena Similkameen Stump Lake Tranquille Tulameen | |
| Betulaceae | Corylus americana walt | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Quilchena Tranquille | A hazel nut |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | †Cercidiphyllum arcticum | Dawson, 1879 | Chu Chua Horsefly Quilchena Princeton | A katsura leaf morphotype Moved from Trochodendroides arctica (1926) Also includes: "Grewia crenata" of Penhallow (1908) "Populus arctica" of Penhallow (1908) "Populus daphnogenoides" of Dawson (1891) "Populus genatrix" of Penhallow (1908) Populus rotundifolia of Penhallow (1908) |
| Cercidiphyllaceae | Jenkinsella arctica (Heer) Golovneva & Alekseev | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | A katsura like fruit morphospecies Moved from Leguminosites arachioides IncludesLeguminosites borealis, (illegitimate jr syn) |
| Cornaceae | †Cornophyllum nebrascensis (Schimper) McIver & Basinger | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | A punitive dogwood relative First reported as "Cornus newberryi" |
| Cornaceae | †Cornus suborbifera Lesquereux? | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Quilchena | A dogwood |
| Cupressaceae | †Thuja interrupta Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Quilchena | Type locality Fort Union Formation, North Dakota An arborvite species |
| Cyperaceae | †Cyperacites haydenii | Penhallow, 1907 | Kettle River | A monocot of uncertain affinity |
| Ericaceae | Andromeda delicatula Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Two Ericaceae? leaves Type locality Green River Formation |
| Fagaceae | †Castanea castanaefolia (Unger) Knowlton | Penhallow, 1902 | Horsefly | Fragmentary leaves. |
| Fagaceae | †Castanea intermedia? Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Single fragmentary specimen |
| Fagaceae | †Castanopsis perplexa (Knowlton) Brown | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Single fragmentary specimen Specimen published as Salix perplexa |
| Fagaceae | †Quercus castanopsis Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Fort Union Formation, Montana An oak leaf morphotype. |
| Fagaceae | †Quercus consimilis Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Bridge Creek Flora, Oregon An oak leaf morphotype. |
| Fagaceae | †Quercus dallii Lesquereux | Dawson, 1891 | Princeton | Type locality Cook Inlet, Alaska An oak leaf morphotype. |
| Fagaceae | †Quercus groenlandica Heer | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | Type locality Greenland |
| Fagaceae | †Quercus penhallowi Trelease | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton | Type locality Fort Union Formation, North Dakota An oak leaf morphotype. First identified under the homonym Quercus laurifolia (Newberry) |
| Ginkgoaceae | †Ginkgo digitata (Brongn.) Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | A ginkgo leaf mophospecies. |
| Juglandaceae | †Carya antiquorum Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Quilchena Tranquille | A Carya leaf morphospecies |
| Juglandaceae | †Juglans nigella Heer | Dawson, 1876 | Horsefly | Type locality Cook Inlet, Alaska A walnut leaf morphospecies. |
| Juglandaceae | †Juglans occidentalis Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Green River Formation, Wyoming A walnut leaf morphospecies. |
| Juglandaceae | †Juglans rhamnoides Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Tranquille | Type locality Evanston, Utah A walnut leaf morphospecies. |
| Lauraceae | †Cinnamomum affine Lesquereux | Dawson, 1890 | Horsefly Princeton Tranquille | A cinnamon leaf morphospecies |
| Malvaceae | †Pterospermites alaskana Knowlton | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | Type locality Keni Formation A leaf morphospecies of possible sterculioid affinity |
| Moraceae | Ficus asarifolia? Ettingshausen | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton | Type locality Most Basin Bílina Czech Republic A possible fig leaf morphospecies. |
| Moraceae | Ficus asiminaefolia Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Tranquille | Type locality "Rock Corral", California A possible fig leaf morphospecies. |
| Moraceae | Ficus decandolleana Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Monod, Switzerland A possible fig leaf morphospecies. |
| Moraceae | Ficus populina Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Princeton | Type locality Monod, Switzerland A possible fig leaf morphospecies. |
| Moraceae | Ficus ungeri Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Green River Formation, Whyoming A possible fig leaf morphospecies. |
| Musaceae | Musophyllum complicatum Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua Princeton | A monocot morphogenus |
| Myricaceae | †Comptonia dryandroides Unger | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Quilchena | A Comptonia leaf morphospecies |
| Myricaceae | †Comptonia partita (Lesquereux) Berry | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton | A Comptonia leaf morphospecies Possibly closely allied to C. columbiana |
| Myricaceae | †Myrica (?) personata Knowlton | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Fossil, Oregon A bayberry species |
| Onocleaceae | †Onoclea hebridica (Forbes) Bell | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Isle of Mull, UK A bead fern Listed as "Onoclea sensibilis" sensu Newberry |
| Osmundaceae | †Osmunda heeri Gaudin | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton | Type locality Rivaz, Switzerland A royal fern |
| Pinaceae | †Pinus lardyana Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Switzerland A pine cone morphospecies |
| Poaceae | †Phragmites alaskana Heer | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus |
| Poaceae | †Poacites tenuistriatus Heer | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua | A grass/sedge leaf morphogenus |
| Potamogetonaceae | Potamogeton (?) verticillatus Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton | Type locality Florissant, Colorado A punitive Potamogeton leaf morphospecies. |
| Rhamnaceae | †Rhamnus belmontensis Knowlton & Cockerell | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Quilchena | Type locality Laramie, Colorado A buckthorn species First identified under the homonym Rhamnus elegans Newberry |
| Rhamnaceae | †Rhamnus eridani Unger | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Quilchena | Type locality Disco Island, Greenland, A buckthorn species |
| Rhamnaceae | †Rhamnus gaudini Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Switzerland, A buckthorn species |
| Rosaceae | †Prunus (?) merriami Knowlton | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Mascall Formation, Oregon A punitive cherry leaf morphospecies |
| Rutaceae | †Zanthoxylum spireaefolium Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Florissant, Colorado A rutaceous leaf morphospecies |
| Salicaceae | †Populus cordata Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Quilchena | Type locality Fort Union Formation, Montana A cottonwood leaf morphotype. |
| Salicaceae | †Populus latior Braun | Dawson, 1879 | Princeton Horsefly | Type locality Europe A cottonwood leaf morphotype. Includes one subspecies P. l. cordifolia. |
| Salicaceae | †Populus mutabilis crenata Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena Tranquille | Type locality Switzerland A cottonwood leaf morphotype. |
| Salicaceae | †Populus polymorpha Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon A cottonwood leaf morphotype. |
| Salicaceae | †Populus zaddachi Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Princeton Tranquille | Type locality Samland, Russia A cottonwood leaf morphotype. |
| Salicaceae | †Salix varians Goeppert | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Tranquille | Type locality Europe A willow species |
| Sapindaceae | †Acer chaneyi Knowlton | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Mascall Formation, Oregon A single incomplete leaf. First identified as Acer trilobatum productum (Braun) Heer |
| Taxaceae | †Taxites olriki Heer | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Atanekerdluk, Greenland A yew needle morphospecies. |
| Typhaceae | †Typha lesquereuxi Cockerell | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Princeton Tranquille | Type locality Florissant, Colorado A cattail morphospecies |
| Ulmaceae | †Planera lingualis Knowlton & Cockerell | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Fort Union Formation, Wyoming A planera species First identified under the homonym Planera crenata (Newberry) |
| Ulmaceae | †Ulmus minuta Goeppert | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Princeton | Type locality Germany An elm species |
| Ulmaceae | †Ulmus speciosa Newberry | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Quilchena | Type locality Bridge Creek, Oregon An elm species |
| Ulmaceae | †Ulmus tenuinervis Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Tranquille | Type locality Middle Park, Colorado An elm species |
| Vitaceae | †Vitis alaskana Cockerell? | Penhallow, 1908 | Quilchena | Type locality Admiralty Inlet, Alaska A grape leaf morphospecies Tentatively identified under the homonym Vitis rotundifolia (Newberry) |
| Vitaceae | †Vitis olriki Heer? | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly | Type locality Atanekerdluk, Greenland A grape leaf morphospecies Tentatively identified under the homonym Vitis rotundifolia (Newberry) |
| Incertae sedis | †"Acer" grahamensis Knowlton & Cockerell | Berry, 1926 | Chu Chua Princeton Stump Lake | Type locality Port Graham, Alaska Fragmentary leaf fossils rejected from Acer by Wolfe & Tanai (1986) First identified as Acer macropterum (Heer) |
| Incertae sedis | †Leguminosites arachioides Lesquereux | Penhallow, 1908 | Horsefly Princeton | Type locality is Evanston, Wyoming A fruit of uncertain family affinity |