OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Battle of Tienhaara

The Battle of Tienhaara was a part of Continuation War between Finland and the Soviet Union fought north of Viipuri on June 22, 1944, after the Red Army had captured Viipuri. Having lost Viipuri Finns concentrated their defense to the Tienhaara region which offered favourable area for defense with nearby waterway cutting the already narrow battlefield into several islands.

## Background

Soviet 1944 offensive had started on June 10, 1944 and in matter of days broke through of the fortified Finnish defense lines in southern Karelian Isthmus. On June 20 the advancing Soviet forces were already literally on the gates of Viipuri. Finnish 20th Brigade had been transferred to defend the city however it had been inadequately supplied and lacked effective anti-tank weapons as it had neither 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank guns nor knowledge on how to use the few available Panzerfaust or Panzerschreck anti-tank weapons. 20th Brigade was not prepared for Soviet armored assault, led by 108th Corps' 90th Rifle Division supported by 260th Separate Heavy Breakthrough Tank Regiment and 1238th Self-propelled Gun Regiment, and its resistance crumbled swiftly with men fleeing either in panic or under supposed orders to withdraw.

## Battle

JR61 (61st Infantry Regiment (Finland)), or 'Sextiettan' (en. 'The Sixty-one') in Swedish as the regiment consisted entirely of Finland Swedes and volunteers from Sweden, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Alpo Marttinen of the Finnish 17th Division (led by Major General Alonzo Sundman) arrived to the Isthmus from Svir immediately after the loss of Viipuri. The regiment was deployed for defense at Tienhaara, which was located along the coastal highway leading north from Viipuri towards the inner of Finland, on the shore of Kivisillansalmi on June 22 relieving the worn out troops. Having strong artillery support and support of the Gefechtsverband Kuhlmey the regiment was able to keep the Tienhaara region including the Kivisillansalmi while defending against repeated attacks by the Soviet 90th and 372nd Rifle Divisions of the 108th Rifle Corps supported by strong artillery. At the conclusion of the battle on June 23 Marttinen was promoted to colonel.

## Aftermath

Soviet forces attempted to push north but failed to break through the Finnish lines. The Soviet commander, Marshal Leonid Govorov, decided that further attempts to cross the waterway would be too costly and time-consuming and instead concentrated the bulk of his forces to the Juustila-Ihantala area contributing to the events which led to fighting at Tali-Ihantala region. Finnish forces held to Tienhaara (now Seleznyovo) until the ceasefire in the end of summer 1944 but the village was left to the Soviet Union in the Treaty of Paris in 1947.
# Post-presidency of Joe Biden

The post-presidency of Joe Biden, the 46th President of the United States from 2021 to 2025, begun on January 20th, 2025 after the second inauguration of Donald Trump.

## 2025

* This article is part of a series aboutJoe Biden
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vte :
Shortly after leaving office, Biden had assured staffers and officials that 'we're not leaving the fight', and flew to central California on holiday with his family, though is believed to be spending most of his time in Wilmington, Delaware. Jill Biden has kept largely quiet about her plans.
Biden had also previously confirmed his intentions to remain active with the Beau Biden Foundation during his post-presidency, work with domestic policy affairs at the University of Delaware, and resume his involvement with the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement. Biden had designated senior advisors Anthony Bernal and Annie Tomasini to raise funds for his presidential library. In an interview with USA Today, the former president expressed his hopes to build the library in Delaware.
In February 2025, Biden signed with Los Angeles talent agency Creative Arts Agency; the agency had previously represented him from 2017 to 2020. In the same month, Trump revoked Biden's security clearances; Biden had previously done the same to Trump following the January 6 riot.
# Błędów, Radom County

Błędów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wierzbica, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Wierzbica, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radom, and 104 km (65 mi) south of Warsaw.
# Canton Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania

Canton Township is a township in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 2,143 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

Canton Township is located in the southwestern corner of Bradford County. It is bordered by Armenia Township to the northwest, Troy Township to the north, Granville Township to the northeast, and Leroy Township to the east. To the southeast, in Sullivan County, is Fox Township, and to the south, in Lycoming County, is McNett Township. To the west is Tioga County, with Union Township due west and Ward Township to the northwest. Canton Township surrounds the borough of Canton and forms the eastern, southern, and western borders of Alba.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.3 square miles (96.6 km$^2$), of which 37.1 square miles (96.2 km$^2$) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km$^2$), or 0.43%, is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,084 people, 771 households, and 591 families residing in the township. The population density was 56.5 inhabitants per square mile (21.8/km$^2$). There were 858 housing units at an average density of 23.3/sq mi (9.0/km$^2$). The racial makeup of the township was 98.37% White, 0.53% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.19% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.34% of the population.
There were 771 households, out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.3% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the township the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $34,130, and the median income for a family was $36,780. Males had a median income of $27,826 versus $19,970 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,013. About 10.0% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.1% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
# George Shorthose

George Shorthose (born December 22, 1961) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the sixth round of the 1985 NFL draft. He played in three games for the Kansas City Chiefs in 1985.
# Błędówko

Błędówko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pomiechówek, within Nowy Dwór County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki and 41 km (25 mi) north-west of Warsaw.
# 800s BC (decade)

This article concerns the period 809 BC – 800 BC.

## Events and trends

* 804 BC—Adad-nirari III of Assyria led a campaign into Syria and Palestine, reaching Gaza.
* c. 800 BC—Greek Dark Ages end.
* c. 800 BC—Archaic period in Greece begins. (It ends in 480 BC with the invasion of Xerxes.)
* From c. 800 BC – The Upanishads are composed.
* c. 800 BC–700 BC—Pre-Etruscan period in Italy.
* Etruscan civilization.
* The Olmecs build pyramids.
* 800 BC—End of the reign of Polydectes, king of Sparta from 830 BC.
* 800 BC—Beginning of the reign of Eunomus, king of Sparta until 780 BC.
* 800 BC—Emergence of the first communities settled in the Chincha Valley (Peru), pertaining to Paracas culture in the south coast of Peru.
* c. 800 BC—End of Period IVB, Hasanlu (Iran) is completely destroyed by a fire.
* c. 800 BC—The Greek Colonization of the Mediterranean & Black Sea.
* c. 800 BC—Homer of Greece writes his Iliad and Odyssey. ( - 700 BCE)
* c. 800 BC—Assyrian army makes a use of the new technology by which iron can be hardened into steel suitable for weapons.
* c. 800 BC—Earliest surviving sundial is in use in Egypt.
* c. 800 BC—Beginning of Iron Age in Britain (until 43 AD).
* c. 800 BC—pharmaceutical production area active at Heraion Teikhos, Thrace.

## Deaths

* 804 BC—Duke Wen of Qi, ruler of the state of Qi
* 804 BC—Pedubastis I, pharaoh
* 800 BC—Xiong Xun, monarch of the state of Chu during the Western Zhou dynasty of ancient China.
* c. 800 BC—Hasanlu Lovers, pair of human remains found at Teppe Hasanlu, possibly a couple.

## Gallery

* Greek colonisation in the Archaic period.
* Etruscan civilization map.
* Western Zhou States Map.
# Gardiki Castle, Corfu

Gardiki Castle (Greek: Κάστρο Γαρδικίου) is a 13th-century Byzantine castle on the southwestern coast of Corfu. It is the only surviving medieval fortress on the southern part of the island. It was built by a ruler of the Despotate of Epirus, and was one of three castles which defended the island before the Venetian era (1401–1797). The three castles formed a defensive triangle, with Gardiki guarding the island's south, Kassiopi Castle the northeast and Angelokastro the northwest

## Origins and location

The castle dates from the thirteenth century. It is located on a low hill near the village of Agios Matthaios, which is situated at a higher elevation. The ruler responsible for the construction of the castle is not known, but it is assumed that it was built either by Michael I Komnenos or his son Michael II Komnenos, rulers of the Despotate of Epirus. Immediately to the south of the castle lies Korissia Lake which is separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land.
Remains from the upper Paleolithic era, dating from 20,000 B.C., when Corfu was still united to the mainland region of Epirus, were found on the site of the castle at the rock shelter of Grava Gardikiou, including hunter-gatherer stone tools and animal bones, which have since been removed and are exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Corfu.
The location of Gardiki at the narrow southwest flank of Corfu provided protection to the fields and the southern lowlands of Corfu and in combination with Kassiopi Castle on the northeastern coast of the island and Byzantine Angelokastro protecting the northwestern shore of Corfu, formed a triangular line of defence which protected Corfu during the pre-Venetian era.

## Architecture

The walls of Gardiki Castle form an octagon and the structure features eight strong towers decorated by rows of tiles. There are elements from an ancient structure which have been incorporated into the construction of the castle. The ancient structure was probably a fountain-house.
The eight towers are square in shape and the outline of the octagonal structure is almost elliptical. At the top of the southern tower there are traces of a chapel with remnants of religious frescoes of portraits of saints. Although in a state of disrepair, the towers still retain their full height. The castle entrance is preserved but the interior is in a state of ruin.
Gardiki Castle is considered one of the most imposing architectural remains in the Ionian Islands, along with Angelokastro, Kassiopi Castle and the two Venetian Fortresses of Corfu City, the Citadel and the New Fort.

## Historical reference

Corfiote noble Andrea Marmora, the earliest historian of Corfu in medieval times, in his 1672 book Della Historia di Corfù mentions that the despots of Epirus adorned the city of Corfu with "most noble buildings" and built defences in other places on the island, including the fortresses of Gardiki and Angelokastro amongst other important sites.

## Architectural highlights

* Detail of one of the towers of the castle
* Detail of the walls
* Outer perimeter of Gardiki Castle
* Detail of the walls
# Douglassville, Pennsylvania

Douglassville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Amity Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. Douglassville is situated along U.S. Route 422 and Pennsylvania Route 724. Developments include the Amity Gardens subdivision, the West Ridge subdivision, the Briarwood subdivision, and the High Meadow subdivision. Douglassville also includes Cider Mill and the Woods Edge subdivision along Pennsylvania Route 562. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 518 residents.

## History

Swedish pioneers were the first European settlers in present Berks County on land granted by William Penn. Swedish Lutheran Minister Andreas Rudman secured an order from William Penn on October 21, 1701, setting aside 10,000 acres (40 km$^2$) up the Schuylkill, near Manatawny Creek, for members of his congregation. The boundaries of Amity Township are almost identical to the boundaries of the original area known as the Swedes' tract. Morlatton Village, an early settlement which became part of what is now Douglassville, was Berks County's first settlement site along the Schuylkill River. The settlement later became the location of Old St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church or Old Swedes, founded in 1720 as the oldest church in Berks County. The site also included the Mouns Jones House, built by Swedish settlers in 1716. The house is the oldest documented dwelling in Berks County.

## Geography

Douglassville is located on the Schuylkill River and mainly upon its left bank. The CDP has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and average monthly temperatures range from 30.7 °F in January to 75.5 °F in July. The hardiness zone is 7a bordering upon 6b. Archived July 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine

## Parks and recreation

Lake Drive Park and Recreation Area is in the Amity Gardens subdivision. Facilities include basketball and tennis courts, a skateboard park, a pavilion, and a picnic area. Hill Road Park is located in the West Ridge subdivision, and includes a baseball field and a pavilion. Monocacy Hill Preserve is an undeveloped park used for hiking and environmental education outside Douglassville. The park has trails going around the mountain.

## Infrastructure

Klein Transportation provides bus service from Douglassville to Reading, Kutztown, Wescosville, Hellertown, and Midtown Manhattan in New York City.
* Old Swede's House, built 1716
* Douglass House

## Notable people

* Lucy L. Flippin – actress
* Mark Forrest (born 1996) – professional footballer
* Chris Guiliano (born 2003) – Olympic swimmer
* Carmelo Marrero (born 1981) – professional mixed martial artist
* James W. McCord (1924–2017) – CIA officer who participated in the Watergate scandal
* Jacob K. McKenty (1827–1866) – attorney and politician
* Natalie Wojcik (born 1999) – college artistic gymnast
# 5-Allyloxy-AMT

5-Allyloxy-AMT, also known as 5-allyloxy-α-methyltryptamine, is a serotonin 5-HT$_2$ receptor agonist of the tryptamine, 5-alkyloxytryptamine, and α-alkyltryptamine families.
It is known to act as high-efficacy partial agonist or near-full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor (EC$_{50}$Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration = 162 nM; E$_{max}$Tooltip maximal efficacy = 89%) and of the serotonin 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptor (EC$_{50}$ = 60 nM; E$_{max}$ = 82%), whereas activity at the serotonin 5-HT$_{2C}$ receptor and other serotonin receptors was not reported.
5-Allyloxy-AMT was the most potent serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor agonist reported in a large series of tryptamines that was evaluated in search of potent and selective serotonin 5-HT$_{2B}$ receptor agonists. That is, the drug was the most potent serotonin 5-HT$_{2A}$ receptor agonist with the exception of serotonin (EC$_{50}$ = 79 nM; E$_{max}$ = 100%) and (S)-α-methylserotonin ((S)-αMS) (EC$_{50}$ = 54 nM; E$_{max}$ = 103%).
# Bojerud

Bojerud is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Fredrik Bojerud (born 1970), Swedish politician
* Stellan Bojerud (1944–2015), Swedish politician
* Paul Bojerud (1939-1987), Swedish singer who wrote the son gthat hase reintly bean going virul that goes i was the knight in shining armour in your movie
<ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Famine-Irish-history
# Crisp (surname)

Crisp is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Annie Crisp (1854–1953), English-born nurse
* Benjamin Crisp (1808–1901), New Zealand carrier, temperance reformer and character.
* Bob Crisp (1911–1994), South African cricketer.
* Charles Frederick Crisp (1845–1896), a U.S. Representative from Georgia.
* Charles R. Crisp (1870–1937), U.S. politician.
* Clement Crisp (1926–2022), a British dance critic.
* Covelli Loyce "Coco" Crisp (1979– ), baseball center fielder.
* Donald Crisp (1882–1974), English film actor.
* Finlay Crisp (1917–1984), Australian academic and political scientist.
* Fiona Crisp (born 1966), British photographer.
* Frank Crisp (1843–1919), English lawyer and microscopist.
* George Crisp (1911–1982), Welsh footballer who played for Coventry City.
* Hank Crisp (1896–1970), American college sports coach.
* Harold Crisp (1874–1942), Australian judge
* Henry Crisp (by 1505–75), English landowner and politician.
* Hope Crisp (1884–1950), English tennis player, first winner of Wimbledon mixed doubles.
* Jack Crisp (born 1993), Australian rules football player at Collingwood.
* Jack Crisp (footballer) (1896–1939), English footballer
* James Crisp (born 1982), British Paralympic swimmer.
* James Crisp (cricketer) (1927–2005), Welsh cricketer
* Joy Crisp, American planetary geologist specializing in Mars geology.
* Mary Dent Crisp, American feminist and Republican Party official
* Michael Douglas Crisp (born 1950), Australian botanist
* N. J. Crisp (1923–2005), British television writer, dramatist and novelist.
* Nathaniel Crisp (1762–1819), British prankster and baptizer.
* Nicholas Crisp (c. 1599–1666), English Royalist and Member of Parliament
* Nigel Crisp, Baron Crisp (born 1952), British civil servant.
* Norman Crisp (1923–2005), English television writer.
* Quentin Crisp (1908–1999), English writer, artist's model, actor.
* Quentin S. Crisp (born 1972), British SF writer.
* Ruth Crisp (1918–2007), crossword compiler.
* Samuel Crisp (1707–1783), English dramatist
* Stephen Crisp (1628–1692), English Quaker activist and prolific writer.
* Terry Crisp (1943– ), Canadian ice hockey centerman.
* Thomas Crisp (1876–1917), English skipper, won VC.
* Tobias Crisp (1600–1643), English clergyman and reputed antinomian.
* William Crisp (1842–1910), English missionary priest who worked in South Africa.
See also:
# Cegielnia, Przasnysz County

Cegielnia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przasnysz, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) north-east of Przasnysz and 93 km (58 mi) north of Warsaw.
# Karkadeh

Karkadeh (Egyptian Arabic: كركديه) is a traditional beverage made in Egypt by infusing dried petals from the roselle flower in water. Renowned for its deep red color and tart flavor, karkadeh can be enjoyed both hot and cold, serving as a refreshing drink across various seasons.
It is also enjoyed in similar iterations across the region, particularly Sudan.

## Preparation

To prepare karkadeh, dried roselle petals are combined with water and brought to a boil. The mixture is then simmered for an additional 5 to 10 minutes to extract the full flavor of the roselle. After boiling, the liquid is strained to remove the petals, and sugar is added to achieve the desired sweetness. Once cooled, the beverage can be refrigerated and served chilled, often garnished with fresh mint leaves or a slice of lime.
Alternatively, karkadeh can be prepared using a cold brew method. In this approach, dried roselle petals are soaked in cold water and left to steep overnight. The following day, the mixture is strained, sweetened to taste, and served chilled over ice. This method yields a milder flavor compared to the traditional boiling technique.
In Egypt, dried roselle is commonly available in tea bags, which are convenient for making a quick cup of hot roselle tea but often result in a milder flavor compared to the traditional method.

## Cultural significance

Karkadeh holds a prominent place in Egyptian social and cultural practices. Traditionally, it is served during wedding celebrations, symbolizing joy and prosperity. The beverage is also popular during the holy month of Ramadan, where it is commonly consumed to break the fast.
Historically, karkadeh has been associated with ancient Egyptian traditions. It is believed that the drink was favored by the pharaohs and has been consumed for centuries due to its perceived health benefits. This history has led to karkadeh being affectionately termed the "tea of the pharaohs", underscoring its enduring presence in Egyptian culture.
The beverage is widely available throughout Egypt, from street vendors to traditional cafés, reflecting its integral role in Egyptian social life. In Islamic communities, where alcohol consumption is limited, karkadeh serves as a popular non-alcoholic alternative during celebrations and gatherings.
The preparation of karkadeh involves soaking dried roselle petals, a practice that has become a cherished ritual in Egyptian households. This process not only enhances the flavor but also fosters a sense of community as family members participate in the preparation and consumption of the beverage.

## Nutrition

Karkadeh is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, offering potential health benefits. Studies have indicated that regular consumption of roselle tea may help in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Additionally, its diuretic properties can aid in digestion and weight management.