# Hanumangarh district

Hanumangarh district is a district in the state of Rajasthan in India. The city of Hanumangarh is the district headquarters and its largest city.

## District profile

The district is located in the extreme north of Rajasthan. It has an area of 12,645 km$^2$, a population of 1,774,692 (2011 census) and a population density of 184 persons/km$^2$. It is bounded in the north by Punjab state, to the northeast by Haryana state, in the east and south by Churu District and in Bikaner District and on the west by Ganganagar District. The major livelihood of the district is farming; major crops include rice, millet, cotton, sonamukhi (senna), wheat, and vegetables. It is called the food basket of Rajasthan along with Sri Ganganagar. It is the 31st district of Rajasthan. It was made as district on 12 July 1994 from Ganganagar district. Earlier it was one of the Tehsils of Sri Ganganagar district.
The district contains the archaeological site of Kalibangan (Indus Valley civilisation), and Pallu. Some people informally call it Punjab of Rajasthan because of a large number of Punjabi speaking people in the district comparing to rest of Rajasthan, though Punjabi speakers are still in minority. Most of the people are able to understand Rajasthani (Bagri and other close dialects), Punjabi and Hindi.
Hanumangarh also has Bhatner Fort which is considered to be one of the oldest forts of India.

## Demographics

Religion in Hanumangarh district (2011) :
| Religion | Religion | Percent | Percent |
| Hinduism | Hinduism | 80.75% | 80.75% |
| Sikhism | Sikhism | 12.23% | 12.23% |
| Islam | Islam | 6.69% | 6.69% |
| Other or not stated | Other or not stated | 0.34% | 0.34% |
According to the 2011 census Hanumangarh district has a population of 1,774,692, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 269th in India (out of a total of 640). Hanumangarh is one of the highest per capita income earning district in India.
The district has a population density of 184 inhabitants per square kilometre (480/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 17.24%. Hanumangarh has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males and a literacy rate of 68.37%. 19.75% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 27.85% and 0.81% of the population respectively.

### Languages

* Rajasthani (59.48%)
* Punjabi (17.97%)
* Bagri (12.87%)
* Hindi (6.59%)
* Marwari (0.94%)
* Others (2.15%)
At the time of the 2011 census, 59.48% of the population spoke Rajasthani, 17.97% Punjabi, 12.87% Bagri, 6.59% Hindi and 0.94% Marwari as their first language.

#### Bagri

Vernaculars include Bagri, a tonal language in the Rajasthani cluster spoken by the second majority of people. The district boasts of land of many Rajasthani writers in this dialect. Many villages in southern areas are famous centers for Rajasthani writers.

#### Punjabi language

Punjabi is spoken by 18% of district population. Punjabi has its ground as first language specially in the northern areas like Sangaria, Hanumangarh, Pilibanga tehsils. Punjabi is taught as a third language in many schools and also chosen by students up to postgraduate level. The Malwayi dialect is most common dialect of Punjabi language spoken. Other languages are Saraiki spoken by Arora Hindu and Rai Sikh communities who migrated from Pakistan after Partition.

## Culture

Rural kutcha homes with folk art can be seen in some remote villages, but this art is losing ground. Bagri culture dominates the district.
Such scenes are common in some southern villages. The embroidered Odhni (mostly red in colour) is a symbol of Bagri women. A long shirt and ghaghro (long frock type clothes) and borlo (a head ornament) is the traditional dress of Bagri women. Punjabi women wear a suit and salwar with chunni (cloth on head). This attire has also become popular with women of other communities. Some women of the Hindu and Muslim Seraiki people still wear ghaggra (long frock). The Purdah (or veil) is mainly in vogue among Bagri women. Men mainly wear a pant-shirt, kurta-payjama and dhoti (Punjabis call it the chadara-kurta). Punjabi music is very popular and are listened to with the same enthusiasm as in other northern Indian regions.
Bishnois, Sikhs, Meghwal and Jat people are the most prominent and most influential group of people in this part of India. The member of parliament from this region is Nihalchand Meghwal.

## Places of interest

* Bhatner fort
* Gurdwara Shaheeds Bhai Sukha Singh & Bhai Mahtab Singh Ji
* Shila Mata Mandir
* Bhadrakali Temple, 8 Hmh, Rajasthan
* Kalibangan Archaeological Site
* Kalibangan Archaeological Museum
* Brahmani Mata Mandir Pallu
* Gurdwara Kabutar Sahib (Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji), Nohar
* Gogaji Samdhi Temple, Gogamedi
* Gorakshtilla, Gogana, Gogamedi

## Fairs and carnivals

Bhadrakali Mela - The historical Bhadrakali is situated 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the district headquarters. The sixth emperor of Bikaner Maharaja Ram Singh is said to have constructed this temple on Emperor Akbar's desire. Though pilgrims visit the temple throughout the year but during the Mela days on Chaitra Sudi 8 and 9, thousands of pilgrims from Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan visit the temple to worship Bhadrakali.
Pallu Mela - Pallu, around 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the district headquarters is surrounded by sand dunes and is where Mata Brahmani Mela takes place during Navaratras.
Shila Mata Mela - Shila Mata Mela takes place on every Thursday near Bus Stand, Hanumangarh Town. This 6' x 2.5' x 2' size stone is revered by Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. The Hindus-Sikhs call this Shila Mata and Muslims call it Shila Peer.
Shaheed Bhai Sukha Singh Ji & Bhai Mahtab Singh Ji Yadgari Mela - The two Sikh shaheeds (martyrs) came to Hanumangarh to rest under a tree. This tree is said to be the tree where the head of Mughal Subedar Massa Khan Ranghar was left after the duo had returned from Amritsar after decapitating him; where Khan was belittling and desecrating the Harmandir Sahib under his authority. A large Sikh Gurdwara close to Bhatner Fort stands and it is said that tree still exists. A fair on every '25, Bhadhon Mahina' is joined by people from all castes and religions, including various political leaders. Pilgrims from Punjab also visit, mainly from the southern Malwa reaches such as Bathinda, Ferozepur, Faridkot, Fazilka and Hisar - most being Sikh. This shows harmony among various groups in society of Hanumangarh and Rajasthan and the continued connection of the district to Punjab.
Gogameri Mela - Gogameri Mela takes place on every year in Nohar tehsil. This fair is held to worship Gogaji, a deity of Rajasthan.
According to the World Air Quality Report 2024, Hanumangarh is one of the world's 20 most polluted city in India.