# Demographics of Turkey

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As of 31 December 2024, the population of Turkey was 85.7 million with an annual growth rate of 0.34%. However, this official population number excludes the registered Syrian refugees under temporary protection status which have a population of about 2.9 million as of 2025.
Turks are the largest ethnic group, comprising 70–75% of the population while Kurds are the second largest with 19%. The others, including Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Pomaks, Romani, Laz people make 6–11% of the population according to 2016 estimate of CIA.
The population has been aging in recent years, with just 20.9% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007). The population over the age of 65 is 10.6% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2024, the median age of the Turkish population is 34.4 years (up from 28.3 in 2007). According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.

## Population
### Historical population

| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1890 | 8,274,971 | — |
| 1910 | 12,329,210 | +2.01% |
| 1927 | 13,648,270 | +0.60% |
| 1935 | 16,158,018 | +2.13% |
| 1940 | 17,820,950 | +1.98% |
| 1945 | 18,790,174 | +1.06% |
| 1950 | 20,947,188 | +2.20% |
| 1955 | 24,064,763 | +2.81% |
| 1960 | 27,754,820 | +2.89% |
| 1965 | 31,391,421 | +2.49% |
| 1970 | 35,605,176 | +2.55% |
| 1975 | 40,347,719 | +2.53% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1980 | 44,736,957 | +2.09% |
| 1985 | 50,664,458 | +2.52% |
| 1990 | 56,473,035 | +2.19% |
| 2000 | 67,803,927 | +1.85% |
| 2010 | 73,722,988 | +0.84% |
| 2015 | 78,741,053 | +1.33% |
| 2020 | 83,614,362 | +1.21% |
| 2021 | 84,680,273 | +1.27% |
| 2022 | 85,279,553 | +0.71% |
| 2023 | 85,372,377 | +0.11% |
| 2024 | 85,664,944 | +0.34% |

### Urbanization
#### According to the CIA World Factbook

* Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
* Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

#### According to TURKSTAT

* Population of densely populated urban areas: 67.2%
* Population of intermediate density urban areas: 15.5%
* Population of rural areas: 17.2% (2024)

### Structure of the population

Structure of the population (31.XII.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| Total | 39,511,191 | 39,229,862 | 78,741,053 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3,275,520 | 3,105,996 | 6,381,516 | 8.10 |
| 5–9 | 3,252,811 | 3,084,908 | 6,337,719 | 8.05 |
| 10–14 | 3,166,860 | 3,000,125 | 6,166,985 | 7.83 |
| 15–19 | 3,382,363 | 3,203,137 | 6,585,500 | 8.36 |
| 20–24 | 3,224,168 | 3,089,999 | 6,314,167 | 8.02 |
| 25–29 | 3,178,350 | 3,084,899 | 6,263,249 | 7.95 |
| 30–34 | 3,252,171 | 3,175,879 | 6,428,150 | 8.16 |
| 35–39 | 3,134,041 | 3,069,282 | 6,203,323 | 7.88 |
| 40–44 | 2,788,425 | 2,764,155 | 5,552,580 | 7.05 |
| 45–49 | 2,337,087 | 2,252,992 | 4,590,079 | 5.83 |
| 50–54 | 2,317,534 | 2,315,375 | 4,632,909 | 5.88 |
| 55–59 | 1,843,354 | 1,837,816 | 3,681,170 | 4.68 |
| 60–64 | 1,515,065 | 1,593,402 | 3,108,467 | 3.95 |
| 65–69 | 1,100,734 | 1,255,651 | 2,356,385 | 2.99 |
| 70–74 | 737,892 | 888,292 | 1,626,184 | 2.07 |
| 75–79 | 501,411 | 682,335 | 1,183,746 | 1.50 |
| 80–84 | 339,904 | 470,584 | 810,488 | 1.03 |
| 85–89 | 128,879 | 261,571 | 390,450 | 0.50 |
| 90+ | 34,622 | 93,364 | 127,986 | 0.16 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9,695,191 | 9,191,029 | 18,886,220 | 23.99 |
| 15–64 | 26,972,558 | 26,387,036 | 53,359,594 | 67.77 |
| 65+ | 2,843,442 | 3,651,797 | 6,495,239 | 8.25 |
Structure of the population (31.XII.2016):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| Total | 40,043,650 | 39,771,221 | 79,814,871 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3,314,542 | 3,144,753 | 6,459,295 | 8.09 |
| 5–9 | 3,253,345 | 3,084,099 | 6,337,444 | 7.94 |
| 10–14 | 3,147,133 | 2,981,910 | 6,129,043 | 7.68 |
| 15–19 | 3,400,443 | 3,222,876 | 6,623,319 | 8.30 |
| 20–24 | 3,247,764 | 3,117,959 | 6,365,723 | 7.98 |
| 25–29 | 3,169,360 | 3,076,681 | 6,246,041 | 7.83 |
| 30–34 | 3,196,645 | 3,113,766 | 6,310,411 | 7.91 |
| 35–39 | 3,275,175 | 3,219,158 | 6,494,333 | 8.14 |
| 40–44 | 2,833,655 | 2,800,662 | 5,634,317 | 7.06 |
| 45–49 | 2,412,875 | 2,335,639 | 4,748,514 | 5.95 |
| 50–54 | 2,381,640 | 2,374,604 | 4,756,244 | 5.96 |
| 55–59 | 1,855,171 | 1,860,565 | 3,715,736 | 4.66 |
| 60–64 | 1,636,510 | 1,706,438 | 3,342,948 | 4.19 |
| 65–69 | 1,132,464 | 1,280,073 | 2,412,537 | 3.02 |
| 70–74 | 763,121 | 917,371 | 1,680,492 | 2.11 |
| 75–79 | 512,607 | 689,443 | 1,202,050 | 1.51 |
| 80–84 | 336,206 | 473,119 | 809,325 | 1.01 |
| 85–89 | 136,238 | 265,520 | 401,758 | 0.50 |
| 90+ | 38,756 | 106,585 | 145,341 | 0.18 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9,715,020 | 9,210,762 | 18,925,782 | 23.71 |
| 15–64 | 27,409,238 | 26,828,348 | 54,237,586 | 67.95 |
| 65+ | 2,919,392 | 3,732,111 | 6,651,503 | 8.33 |
Structure of the population (31.XII.2017):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| Total | 40 535 135 | 40 275 390 | 80 810 525 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3 326 591 | 3 155 258 | 6 481 849 | 8.02 |
| 5–9 | 3 254 177 | 3 086 592 | 6 340 769 | 7.85 |
| 10–14 | 3 188 333 | 3 022 537 | 6 210 870 | 7.69 |
| 15–19 | 3 351 043 | 3 175 544 | 6 526 587 | 8.08 |
| 20–24 | 3 294 336 | 3 162 174 | 6 456 510 | 7.99 |
| 25–29 | 3 163 889 | 3 067 653 | 6 231 542 | 7.71 |
| 30–34 | 3 189 075 | 3 107 849 | 6 296 924 | 7.79 |
| 35–39 | 3 308 413 | 3 252 283 | 6 560 696 | 8.12 |
| 40–44 | 2 891 799 | 2 849 020 | 5 740 819 | 7.10 |
| 45–49 | 2 556 364 | 2 498 790 | 5 055 154 | 6.26 |
| 50–54 | 2 349 139 | 2 326 316 | 4 675 455 | 5.79 |
| 55–59 | 1 977 328 | 1 989 399 | 3 966 727 | 4.91 |
| 60–64 | 1 651 215 | 1 720 023 | 3 371 238 | 4.17 |
| 65–69 | 1 188 986 | 1 322 918 | 2 511 904 | 3.11 |
| 70–74 | 784 614 | 952 653 | 1 737 267 | 2.15 |
| 75–79 | 533 757 | 715 428 | 1 249 185 | 1.55 |
| 80–84 | 330 240 | 471 436 | 801 676 | 0.99 |
| 85–89 | 152 317 | 282 516 | 434 833 | 0.54 |
| 90+ | 43 519 | 117 001 | 160 520 | 0.20 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 769 101 | 9 264 387 | 19 033 488 | 23.55 |
| 15–64 | 27 732 601 | 27 149 051 | 54 881 652 | 67.91 |
| 65+ | 3 033 433 | 3 861 952 | 6 895 385 | 8.53 |
Structure of the population (31.XII.2018):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| Total | 41 139 980 | 40 863 902 | 82 003 882 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3 327 780 | 3 157 206 | 6 484 986 | 7.91% |
| 5–9 | 3 264 608 | 3 094 412 | 6 358 920 | 7.75% |
| 10–14 | 3 254 277 | 3 086 146 | 6 340 423 | 7.73% |
| 15–19 | 3 299 449 | 3 124 818 | 6 424 267 | 7.83% |
| 20–24 | 3 347 297 | 3 199 832 | 6 547 129 | 7.98% |
| 25–29 | 3 190 023 | 3 086 446 | 6 276 469 | 7.65% |
| 30–34 | 3 205 205 | 3 127 948 | 6 333 153 | 7.72% |
| 35–39 | 3 316 603 | 3 259 469 | 6 576 072 | 8.02% |
| 40–44 | 2 953 329 | 2 892 697 | 5 846 026 | 7.13% |
| 45–49 | 2 670 183 | 2 640 524 | 5 310 707 | 6.48% |
| 50–54 | 2 372 182 | 2 329 142 | 4 701 324 | 5.73% |
| 55–59 | 2 076 882 | 2 095 459 | 4 172 341 | 5.09% |
| 60–64 | 1 692 130 | 1 753 731 | 3 445 861 | 4.20% |
| 65–69 | 1 245 979 | 1 366 228 | 2 612 207 | 3.19% |
| 70–74 | 835 353 | 1 021 569 | 1 856 922 | 2.26% |
| 75–79 | 539 825 | 722 725 | 1 262 550 | 1.54% |
| 80–84 | 318 882 | 474 854 | 793 736 | 0.97% |
| 85–89 | 182 957 | 302 957 | 485 914 | 0.59% |
| 90+ | 47 136 | 127 739 | 174 875 | 0.21% |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 846 565 | 9 337 764 | 19 184 329 | 23.39% |
| 15–64 | 28 123 283 | 27 510 066 | 55 633 349 | 67.84% |
| 65+ | 3 170 132 | 4 016 072 | 7 186 204 | 8.76% |
Structure of the population (31.XII.2019):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| Total | 41 721 136 | 41 433 861 | 83 154 997 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3 254 719 | 3 090 417 | 6 345 136 | 7.63% |
| 5–9 | 3 316 621 | 3 144 418 | 6 461 039 | 7.77% |
| 10–14 | 3 288 207 | 3 117 963 | 6 406 170 | 7.70% |
| 15–19 | 3 254 891 | 3 076 703 | 6 331 594 | 7.61% |
| 20–24 | 3 392 374 | 3 231 704 | 6 624 078 | 7.97% |
| 25–29 | 3 240 657 | 3 126 654 | 6 367 311 | 7.66% |
| 30–34 | 3 221 381 | 3 141 636 | 6 363 017 | 7.65% |
| 35–39 | 3 324 759 | 3 260 084 | 6 584 843 | 7.92% |
| 40–44 | 3 016 898 | 2 950 486 | 5 967 384 | 7.18% |
| 45–49 | 2 772 838 | 2 760 721 | 5 533 559 | 6.65% |
| 50–54 | 2 367 577 | 2 307 796 | 4 675 373 | 5.62% |
| 55–59 | 2 178 454 | 2 211 543 | 4 389 997 | 5.28% |
| 60–64 | 1 754 500 | 1 800 269 | 3 554 769 | 4.27% |
| 65–69 | 1 301 371 | 1 421 301 | 2 722 672 | 3.27% |
| 70–74 | 907 850 | 1 109 063 | 2 016 913 | 2.43% |
| 75–79 | 560 695 | 747 604 | 1 308 299 | 1.57% |
| 80–84 | 323 732 | 493 998 | 817 730 | 0.98% |
| 85–89 | 192 938 | 304 472 | 497 410 | 0.60% |
| 90+ | 50 674 | 137 029 | 187 703 | 0.23% |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 859 547 | 9 352 798 | 19 212 345 | 23.10% |
| 15–64 | 28 524 329 | 27 867 596 | 56 391 925 | 67.82% |
| 65+ | 3 337 260 | 4 213 467 | 7 550 727 | 9.08% |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2020):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 41 915 985 | 41 698 377 | 83 614 362 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3 140 172 | 2 981 535 | 6 121 707 | 7.32 |
| 5–9 | 3 349 253 | 3 177 340 | 6 526 593 | 7.81 |
| 10–14 | 3 294 985 | 3 124 952 | 6 419 937 | 7.68 |
| 15–19 | 3 201 588 | 3 028 526 | 6 230 114 | 7.45 |
| 20–24 | 3 408 434 | 3 255 202 | 6 663 636 | 7.97 |
| 25–29 | 3 240 543 | 3 130 411 | 6 370 954 | 7.62 |
| 30–34 | 3 199 710 | 3 119 184 | 6 318 894 | 7.56 |
| 35–39 | 3 270 512 | 3 203 071 | 6 473 583 | 7.74 |
| 40–44 | 3 145 645 | 3 089 465 | 6 235 110 | 7.46 |
| 45–49 | 2 788 035 | 2 775 631 | 5 563 666 | 6.65 |
| 50–54 | 2 325 190 | 2 259 442 | 4 584 632 | 5.48 |
| 55–59 | 2 273 088 | 2 304 499 | 4 577 587 | 5.47 |
| 60–64 | 1 764 938 | 1 809 456 | 3 574 394 | 4.27 |
| 65–69 | 1 399 052 | 1 539 663 | 2 938 715 | 3.51 |
| 70–74 | 960 742 | 1 170 963 | 2 131 705 | 2.55 |
| 75–79 | 583 671 | 771 675 | 1 355 346 | 1.62 |
| 80–84 | 339 767 | 521 432 | 861 199 | 1.03 |
| 85–89 | 177 532 | 289 216 | 466 748 | 0.56 |
| 90+ | 53 128 | 146 714 | 199 842 | 0.24 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 784 410 | 9 283 827 | 19 068 237 | 22.80 |
| 15–64 | 28 617 683 | 27 974 887 | 56 592 570 | 67.68 |
| 65+ | 3 513 892 | 4 439 663 | 7 953 555 | 9.51 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2021):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 42 428 101 | 42 252 172 | 84 680 273 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 3 033 029 | 2 880 580 | 5 913 609 | 6.98 |
| 5–9 | 3 398 812 | 3 225 390 | 6 624 202 | 7.82 |
| 10–14 | 3 304 851 | 3 133 301 | 6 438 152 | 7.60 |
| 15–19 | 3 203 519 | 3 026 190 | 6 229 709 | 7.36 |
| 20–24 | 3 445 410 | 3 296 170 | 6 741 580 | 7.96 |
| 25–29 | 3 296 919 | 3 179 980 | 6 476 899 | 7.65 |
| 30–34 | 3 212 668 | 3 129 119 | 6 341 787 | 7.49 |
| 35–39 | 3 228 063 | 3 158 145 | 6 386 208 | 7.54 |
| 40–44 | 3 294 071 | 3 253 091 | 6 547 162 | 7.73 |
| 45–49 | 2 838 766 | 2 823 495 | 5 662 261 | 6.69 |
| 50–54 | 2 403 726 | 2 350 758 | 4 754 484 | 5.61 |
| 55–59 | 2 337 304 | 2 369 876 | 4 707 180 | 5.56 |
| 60–64 | 1 776 254 | 1 835 662 | 3 611 916 | 4.27 |
| 65–69 | 1 508 990 | 1 647 458 | 3 156 448 | 3.73 |
| 70–74 | 982 573 | 1 192 451 | 2 175 024 | 2.57 |
| 75–79 | 598 307 | 794 411 | 1 392 718 | 1.64 |
| 80–84 | 340 568 | 520 841 | 861 409 | 1.02 |
| 85–89 | 169 807 | 286 741 | 456 548 | 0.54 |
| 90+ | 54 464 | 148 513 | 202 977 | 0.24 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 736 692 | 9 239 271 | 18 975 963 | 22.41 |
| 15–64 | 29 036 700 | 28 422 486 | 57 459 186 | 67.85 |
| 65+ | 3 654 709 | 4 590 415 | 8 245 124 | 9.74 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2022):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 42 704 112 | 42 575 441 | 85 279 553 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 2 904 379 | 2 759 241 | 5 663 620 | 6.64 |
| 5–9 | 3 404 972 | 3 230 105 | 6 635 077 | 7.78 |
| 10–14 | 3 303 371 | 3 133 043 | 6 436 414 | 7.55 |
| 15–19 | 3 244 500 | 3 070 609 | 6 315 109 | 7.41 |
| 20–24 | 3 388 724 | 3 245 984 | 6 634 708 | 7.78 |
| 25–29 | 3 334 439 | 3 218 730 | 6 553 169 | 7.68 |
| 30–34 | 3 199 028 | 3 116 019 | 6 315 047 | 7.41 |
| 35–39 | 3 215 451 | 3 151 290 | 6 366 741 | 7.47 |
| 40–44 | 3 321 873 | 3 284 156 | 6 606 029 | 7.75 |
| 45–49 | 2 893 831 | 2 869 703 | 5 763 534 | 6.76 |
| 50–54 | 2 543 588 | 2 511 036 | 5 054 624 | 5.93 |
| 55–59 | 2 305 846 | 2 321 295 | 4 627 141 | 5.53 |
| 60–64 | 1 893 862 | 1 962 809 | 3 856 671 | 4.52 |
| 65–69 | 1 523 412 | 1 661 877 | 3 185 289 | 3.74 |
| 70–74 | 1 031 897 | 1 232 222 | 2 264 119 | 2.65 |
| 75–79 | 617 021 | 827 777 | 1 444 798 | 1.69 |
| 80–84 | 353 290 | 540 167 | 893 457 | 1.05 |
| 85–89 | 165 676 | 284 407 | 450 083 | 0.53 |
| 90+ | 58 952 | 154 971 | 213 923 | 0.25 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 612 722 | 9 122 389 | 18 735 111 | 21.97 |
| 15–64 | 29 341 142 | 28 751 631 | 58 092 773 | 68.12 |
| 65+ | 3 750 248 | 4 701 421 | 8 451 669 | 9.91 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2023):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 42 734 071 | 42 638 306 | 85 372 377 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 2 741 873 | 2 606 181 | 5 348 054 | 6.26 |
| 5–9 | 3 368 825 | 3 197 661 | 6 566 486 | 7.69 |
| 10–14 | 3 283 764 | 3 113 329 | 6 397 093 | 7.49 |
| 15–19 | 3 283 511 | 3 113 008 | 6 396 519 | 7.49 |
| 20–24 | 3 317 007 | 3 158 513 | 6 475 520 | 7.59 |
| 25–29 | 3 330 851 | 3 212 210 | 6 543 061 | 7.66 |
| 30–34 | 3 172 482 | 3 094 683 | 6 267 165 | 7.34 |
| 35–39 | 3 190 762 | 3 138 484 | 6 329 246 | 7.41 |
| 40–44 | 3 298 682 | 3 265 956 | 6 564 638 | 7.69 |
| 45–49 | 2 932 767 | 2 894 024 | 5 826 791 | 6.83 |
| 50–54 | 2 637 680 | 2 634 986 | 5 272 666 | 6.18 |
| 55–59 | 2 315 313 | 2 311 209 | 4 626 522 | 5.42 |
| 60–64 | 1 980 198 | 2 055 612 | 4 035 810 | 4.73 |
| 65–69 | 1 554 059 | 1 686 354 | 3 240 413 | 3.80 |
| 70–74 | 1 077 788 | 1 267 553 | 2 345 341 | 2.75 |
| 75–79 | 656 329 | 886 599 | 1 542 928 | 1.81 |
| 80–84 | 357 820 | 546 603 | 904 423 | 1.06 |
| 85–89 | 163 397 | 288 413 | 451 810 | 0.53 |
| 90+ | 70 963 | 166 928 | 237 891 | 0.28 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 394 462 | 8 917 171 | 18 311 633 | 21.45 |
| 15–64 | 29 459 253 | 28 878 685 | 58 337 938 | 68.33 |
| 65+ | 3 880 356 | 4 842 450 | 8 722 806 | 10.22 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2024):
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
| Total | 42 853 110 | 42 811 834 | 85 664,944 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 2 606 763 | 2 475 623 | 5 082 386 | 5.93 |
| 5–9 | 3 274 360 | 3 110 725 | 6 385 085 | 7.45 |
| 10–14 | 3 314 979 | 3 144 115 | 6 459 094 | 7.54 |
| 15–19 | 3 298 654 | 3 129 876 | 6 428 530 | 7.50 |
| 20–24 | 3 235 130 | 3 099 499 | 6 334 629 | 7.39 |
| 25–29 | 3 336 548 | 3 218 069 | 6 554 617 | 7.65 |
| 30–34 | 3 182 620 | 3 105 980 | 6 288 600 | 7.34 |
| 35–39 | 3 174 570 | 3 125 998 | 6 300 568 | 7.35 |
| 40–44 | 3 282 536 | 3 245 656 | 6 528 192 | 7.62 |
| 45–49 | 2 979 015 | 2 933 900 | 5 912 915 | 6.90 |
| 50–54 | 2 726 368 | 2 739 014 | 5 465 382 | 6.38 |
| 55–59 | 2 301 684 | 2 277 880 | 4 579 564 | 5.34 |
| 60–64 | 2 072 512 | 2 160 572 | 4 223 084 | 4.93 |
| 65–69 | 1 608 416 | 1 725 547 | 3 333 963 | 3.89 |
| 70–74 | 1 124 799 | 1 316 670 | 2 441 469 | 2.85 |
| 75–79 | 716 554 | 964 063 | 1 680 617 | 1.96 |
| 80–84 | 374 066 | 568 407 | 942 473 | 1.10 |
| 85–89 | 167 988 | 300 951 | 468 939 | 0.55 |
| 90+ | 75 548 | 169 289 | 244 837 | 0.29 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 9 196 102 | 8 730 463 | 17 926 565 | 20.92 |
| 15–64 | 29 589 637 | 29 036 444 | 58 626 081 | 68.44 |
| 65+ | 4 067 371 | 5 044 927 | 9 112 298 | 10.64 |

## Vital statistics
### Registered births and deaths

| | Population (31.12.) | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death (per 1000) | Natural increase (per 1000) | Crude migration (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) |
| 1990 | | 1,392,000 | 388,000 | 1,004,000 | | | | | 3.11 |
| 1991 | | 1,390,000 | 391,000 | 999,000 | | | | | 3.02 |
| 1992 | | 1,388,000 | 394,000 | 994,000 | | | | | 2.94 |
| 1993 | | 1,385,000 | 396,000 | 989,000 | | | | | 2.87 |
| 1994 | | 1,372,000 | 399,000 | 973,000 | | | | | 2.81 |
| 1995 | | 1,368,000 | 402,000 | 966,000 | | | | | 2.76 |
| 1996 | | 1,386,000 | 419,000 | 967,000 | | | | | 2.70 |
| 1997 | | 1,317,000 | 424,000 | 893,000 | | | | | 2.66 |
| 1998 | | 1,318,000 | 426,000 | 892,000 | | | | | 2.61 |
| 1999 | | 1,313,000 | 427,000 | 886,000 | | | | | 2.56 |
| 2000 | | 1,307,000 | 422,000 | 885,000 | | | | | 2.53 |
| 2001 | | 1,323,341 | 175,137 | 1,148,204 | 20.3 | | | | 2.38 |
| 2002 | | 1,229,555 | 175,434 | 1,054,121 | 18.6 | | | | 2.17 |
| 2003 | | 1,198,927 | 184,330 | 1,014,597 | 17.9 | | | | 2.09 |
| 2004 | | 1,222,484 | 187,086 | 1,035,398 | 18.1 | | | | 2.11 |
| 2005 | | 1,244,041 | 197,520 | 1,046,521 | 18.2 | | | | 2.12 |
| 2006 | | 1,255,432 | 210,146 | 1,045,286 | 18.1 | | | | 2.12 |
| 2007 | 70,586,256 | 1,289,992 | 212,731 | 1,077,261 | 18.4 | 3.0 | 15.3 | | 2.16 |
| 2008 | 71,517,100 | 1,295,511 | 215,562 | 1,079,949 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 15.1 | −2.1 | 2.15 |
| 2009 | 72,561,312 | 1,266,751 | 369,703 | 897,048 | 17.6 | 5.1 | 12.5 | 2.0 | 2.10 |
| 2010 | 73,722,988 | 1,261,169 | 366,471 | 894,698 | 17.2 | 5.0 | 12.2 | 3.6 | 2.08 |
| 2011 | 74,724,269 | 1,252,812 | 376,162 | 876,650 | 16.9 | 5.1 | 11.8 | 1.7 | 2.05 |
| 2012 | 75,627,384 | 1,294,605 | 376,520 | 918,085 | 17.2 | 5.0 | 12.2 | −0.2 | 2.11 |
| 2013 | 76,667,864 | 1,297,505 | 373,041 | 924,464 | 17.0 | 4.9 | 12.1 | 1.5 | 2.11 |
| 2014 | 77,695,904 | 1,351,088 | 391,091 | 959,997 | 17.5 | 5.1 | 12.4 | 0.9 | 2.19 |
| 2015 | 78,741,053 | 1,336,908 | 405,528 | 931,380 | 17.1 | 5.2 | 11.9 | 1.4 | 2.16 |
| 2016 | 79,814,871 | 1,316,204 | 422,964 | 893,240 | 16.6 | 5.3 | 11.3 | 2.3 | 2.11 |
| 2017 | 80,810,525 | 1,300,258 | 426,857 | 873,401 | 16.2 | 5.3 | 10.9 | 1.5 | 2.08 |
| 2018 | 82,003,882 | 1,257,071 | 426,785 | 830,286 | 15.4 | 5.2 | 10.2 | 4.4 | 2.00 |
| 2019 | 83,154,997 | 1,190,950 | 436,624 | 754,326 | 14.4 | 5.3 | 9.1 | 4.8 | 1.89 |
| 2020 | 83,614,362 | 1,118,975 | 509,147 | 609,828 | 13.4 | 6.1 | 7.3 | −1.8 | 1.77 |
| 2021 | 84,680,273 | 1,084,548 | 566,624 | 517,924 | 12.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 1.71 |
| 2022 | 85,279,553 | 1,039,712 | 505,269 | 534,443 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 0.7 | 1.63 |
| 2023 | 85,372,277 | 958,408 | 525,814 | 432,594 | 11.2 | 6.2 | 5.0 | −3.9 | 1.51 |
| 2024 | 85,664,944 | 937,369 | | | 10.9 | | | | 1.47 |
Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available online. Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.
In 2022 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 12.2 per 1000, in 2023 11.2, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2022 was 1.63 children per woman, in 2023 1.51 The crude birth rate in 2023 ranged from 8.9 per 1,000 in West Marmara (TFR 1.35) (8.9;1.81 in 2023), similar to neighbouring Bulgaria, to 19.3 per 1,000 in Southeast Anatolia (TFR 2.45) (20.1;2.75 in 2023), similar to neighbouring Syria. Similarly, in 2023, the TFR ranged from 1.13 in Bartın, to 3.27 in Şanlıurfa. Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

### Demographic and Health Surveys

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
| 1993 | 22.9 | 2.7 (1.8) | 21.7 | 2.4 (1.7) | 24.0 | 3.1 (2.0) |
| 1998 | 23.4 | 2.61 (1.9) | 22.8 | 2.39 (1.9) | 24.7 | 3.08 (2.1) |
Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).
| | South-East | East | Mediterranean | Black Sea | Central | Aegean | Marmara | Turkey |
| TNSA 1978 | - | 6.31 | 3.77 | 4.99 | 4.26 | - | 2.89 | 4.33 |
| GNS 1980 | 4.61 | 4.64 | 3.50 | 3.65 | 3.76 | 2.81 | 2.73 | 3.41 |
| TNSA 1993 | - | 4.40 | 2.37 | 3.15 | 2.44 | - | 2.03 | 2.65 |
| TNSA 1998 | - | 4.19 | 2.55 | 2.68 | 2.56 | - | 2.03 | 2.61 |
| GNS 2000 | 4.31 | 3.72 | 2.43 | 2.28 | 2.29 | 1.96 | 1.88 | 2.53 |
| TNSA 2003 | - | 3.65 | 2.30 | 1.94 | 1.86 | - | 1.88 | 2.23 |
Fertility rate in Turkiye as per GNS (2000) for Rural, Urban and Metropolitan areas.
| | South-East | East | Mediterranean | Black Sea | Central | Aegean | Marmara | Turkey |
| GNS rural 2000 | 4.80 | 4.52 | 2.52 | 2.56 | 2.91 | 2.23 | 2.03 | 2.87 |
| GNS urban 2000 | 4.05 | 3.08 | 2.38 | 2.01 | 2.05 | 1.80 | 1.85 | 2.20 |
| GNS metropolitan 2000 | 3.81 | 2.34 | 2.41 | 1.87 | 1.89 | 1.60 | 1.83 | 2.03 |

### UN estimates

The 2018 figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR | CDR | NC | TFR | IMR |
| 1950–1955 | 1,127,000 | 551,000 | 677,000 | 48.4 | 18.8 | 29.6 | 6.69 | 167.4 |
| 1955–1960 | 1,216,000 | 564,000 | 752,000 | 46.9 | 18.4 | 28.5 | 6.5 | 163.9 |
| 1960–1965 | 1,277,000 | 547,000 | 799,000 | 44.3 | 17.6 | 26.7 | 6.2 | 160.5 |
| 1965–1970 | 1,343,000 | 527,000 | 792,000 | 40.3 | 16.7 | 23.6 | 5.80 | 156.9 |
| 1970–1975 | 1,451,000 | 523,000 | 887,000 | 38.7 | 15.0 | 23.7 | 5.39 | 141.3 |
| 1975–1980 | 1,497,000 | 505,000 | 977,000 | 36.4 | 13.0 | 23.4 | 4.69 | 119.4 |
| 1980–1985 | 1,527,000 | 481,000 | 1,074,000 | 33.8 | 10.8 | 23.0 | 4.11 | 96.7 |
| 1985–1990 | 1,431,000 | 454,000 | 976,000 | 27.7 | 8.8 | 18.9 | 3.39 | 78.0 |
| 1990–1995 | 1,375,000 | 438,000 | 987,000 | 25.1 | 7.7 | 17.4 | 3.11 | 63.0 |
| 1995–2000 | 1,389,000 | 418,000 | 983,000 | 22.8 | 6.9 | 15.9 | 2.76 | 45.5 |
| 2000–2005 | 1,345,000 | 404,000 | 923,000 | 20.5 | 6.2 | 14.3 | 2.50 | 31.4 |
| 2005–2010 | 1,309,000 | 415,000 | 932,000 | 18.7 | 5.9 | 12.8 | 2.27 | 24.0 |
| 2010–2015 | 1,302,000 | 439,000 | 914,000 | 17.3 | 5.8 | 11.5 | 2.15 | 13.0 |
| 2015–2020 | 1,281,000 | 473,000 | 808,000 | 15.8 | 5.8 | 10.0 | 2.10 | |
| 2020–2025 | 1,242,000 | 509,000 | 733,000 | 14.6 | 6.0 | 8.6 | 2.04 | |
| 2025–2030 | 1,191,000 | 543,000 | 648,000 | 13.6 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 2.01 | |
| 1 2 3 4 5 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births |||||||||

### Life expectancy

Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN :
| Period | Life expectancy in Years | Period | Life expectancy in Years |
| 1950–1955 | 41.01 | 1985–1990 | 63.04 |
| 1955–1960 | 43.69 | 1990–1995 | 65.49 |
| 1960–1965 | 47.22 | 1995–2000 | 68.49 |
| 1965–1970 | 50.78 | 2000–2005 | 71.37 |
| 1970–1975 | 53.75 | 2005–2010 | 73.37 |
| 1975–1980 | 57.05 | 2010–2015 | 74.83 |
| 1980–1985 | 60.22 | 2015–2020 | 77.31 |

### Regional data
#### Birth and death rates

Birth Rate by Region and Year :
| Region | Population (2024) | Birth Rate (TFR)/2023 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2022 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2021 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2020 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2019 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2018 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2017 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2016 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2015 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2014 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2013 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2012 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2011 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2010 | Birth Rate (TFR)/2009 |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | 11.2 (1.51) | 12.2 (1.63) | 12.9 (1.71) | 13.4 (1.77) | 14.4 (1.89) | 15.4 (2.00) | 16.2 (2.08) | 16.6 (2.11) | 17.1 (2.16) | 17.5 (2.19) | 17.0 (2.11) | 17.2 (2.11) | 16.9 (2.05) | 17.2 (2.08) | 17.6 (2.10) |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | 9.9 (1.20) | 10.8 (1.30) | 11.6 (1.39) | 12.4 (1.49) | 13.6 (1.61) | 14.8 (1.73) | 15.6 (1.80) | 16.3 (1.86) | 16.7 (1.88) | 17.0 (1.89) | 16.4 (1.81) | 16.5 (1.80) | 15.9 (1.72) | 16.3 (1.77) | 16.4 (1.77) |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | 8.9 (1.35) | 9.4 (1.41) | 9.6 (1.43) | 10.1 (1.50) | 10.6 (1.57) | 11.5 (1.67) | 11.8 (1.70) | 11.9 (1.69) | 12.0 (1.69) | 12.1 (1.69) | 11.9 (1.64) | 11.9 (1.63) | 11.6 (1.57) | 11.5 (1.54) | 11.7 (1.54) |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | 9.2 (1.34) | 9.8 (1.41) | 10.2 (1.45) | 10.7 (1.50) | 11.4 (1.58) | 12.2 (1.68) | 12.9 (1.75) | 13.2 (1.76) | 13.6 (1.80) | 13.8 (1.80) | 13.4 (1.73) | 13.7 (1.74) | 13.2 (1.66) | 13.3 (1.66) | 13.7 (1.69) |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | 10.4 (1.41) | 11.1 (1.48) | 11.8 (1.56) | 12.2 (1.61) | 13.2 (1.72) | 14.2 (1.84) | 14.6 (1.87) | 15.0 (1.89) | 15.2 (1.90) | 15.3 (1.88) | 14.8 (1.80) | 15.0 (1.80) | 14.5 (1.71) | 14.8 (1.74) | 15.2 (1.77) |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | 10.2 (1.33) | 11.0 (1.43) | 11.4 (1.48) | 12.1 (1.55) | 13.0 (1.66) | 14.1 (1.78) | 14.7 (1.84) | 15.1 (1.87) | 15.5 (1.90) | 15.8 (1.91) | 15.4 (1.85) | 15.4 (1.83) | 15.2 (1.79) | 15.4 (1.80) | 15.8 (1.83) |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | 11.1 (1.57) | 12.3 (1.72) | 12.8 (1.77) | 13.3 (1.84) | 14.3 (1.96) | 15.4 (2.08) | 16.3 (2.18) | 17.0 (2.24) | 17.5 (2.29) | 18.0 (2.32) | 17.6 (2.24) | 17.8 (2.23) | 17.3 (2.14) | 17.8 (2.18) | 18.3 (2.20) |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | 10.4 (1.45) | 11.4 (1.57) | 11.8 (1.62) | 12.3 (1.68) | 13.2 (1.80) | 14.1 (1.89) | 14.9 (1.99) | 15.4 (2.05) | 15.8 (2.09) | 16.4 (2.14) | 16.0 (2.06) | 16.3 (2.07) | 16.4 (2.06) | 16.7 (2.08) | 17.6 (2.16) |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | 8.4 (1.28) | 9.0 (1.36) | 9.4 (1.41) | 9.8 (1.47) | 10.6 (1.57) | 11.2 (1.63) | 11.6 (1.67) | 11.9 (1.69) | 12.2 (1.73) | 12.7 (1.77) | 12.8 (1.76) | 13.0 (1.77) | 13.0 (1.74) | 13.6 (1.79) | 14.2 (1.84) |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | 8.8 (1.34) | 9.3 (1.40) | 9.8 (1.45) | 10.3 (1.52) | 11.0 (1.61) | 11.6 (1.69) | 12.0 (1.73) | 12.3 (1.77) | 12.5 (1.78) | 12.8 (1.81) | 12.8 (1.77) | 13.0 (1.78) | 13.1 (1.77) | 13.6 (1.81) | 14.1 (1.86) |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | 13.6 (1.75) | 15.1 (1.93) | 16.5 (2.11) | 17.1 (2.18) | 18.4 (2.36) | 19.1 (2.45) | 20.6 (2.64) | 21.2 (2.72) | 21.7 (2.79) | 22.7 (2.90) | 22.4 (2.85) | 22.8 (2.90) | 22.9 (2.90) | 23.4 (2.97) | 23.1 (2.91) |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | 14.3 (1.81) | 16.0 (2.02) | 16.8 (2.12) | 17.8 (2.23) | 19.3 (2.43) | 20.0 (2.52) | 21.1 (2.65) | 21.2 (2.67) | 21.9 (2.75) | 23.0 (2.87) | 22.6 (2.82) | 22.5 (2.82) | 22.9 (2.85) | 23.6 (2.95) | 23.9 (3.00) |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | 19.3 (2.45) | 21.4 (2.72) | 22.7 (2.86) | 22.5 (2.85) | 23.9 (3.03) | 25.5 (3.23) | 26.6 (3.36) | 26.7 (3.38) | 27.8 (3.52) | 28.7 (3.63) | 27.6 (3.48) | 28.0 (3.53) | 27.7 (3.48) | 28.2 (3.57) | 28.3 (3.59) |
Death Rate by Region and Year :
| Region | Population (2024) | Death Rate (2023) | Death Rate (2022) | Death Rate (2021) | Death Rate (2020) | Death Rate (2019) | Death Rate (2018) | Death Rate (2017) | Death Rate (2016) | Death Rate (2015) | Death Rate (2014) | Death Rate (2013) | Death Rate (2012) | Death Rate (2011) | Death Rate (2010) | Death Rate (2009) |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | 7.6 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 |

#### Regional births and deaths

Absolute Births by Region and Year :
| Region | Population (2024) | Births (2023) | Births (2022) | Births (2021) | Births (2020) | Births (2019) | Births (2018) | Births (2017) | Births (2016) | Births (2015) | Births (2014) | Births (2013) | Births (2012) | Births (2011) | Births (2010) | Births (2009) | Births (2008) | Births (2007) | Births (2006) | Births (2005) | Births (2004) | Births (2003) | Births (2002) | Births (2001) |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | 958,408 | 1,039,712 | 1,084,548 | 1,118,975 | 1,190,950 | 1,257,071 | 1,300,258 | 1,316,204 | 1,336,908 | 1,351,088 | 1,297,505 | 1,294,605 | 1,252,812 | 1,261,169 | 1,266,751 | 1,295,511 | 1,289,992 | 1,255,432 | 1,244,041 | 1,222,484 | 1,198,927 | 1,229,555 | 1,323,341 |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | 156,708 | 170,898 | 181,007 | 192,670 | 208,494 | 223,223 | 233,220 | 240,027 | 242,888 | 242,397 | 229,390 | 226,594 | 213,441 | 213,821 | 210,441 | 226,109 | 222,060 | 207,872 | 205,241 | 197,065 | 187,823 | 182,003 | 188,549 |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | 33,782 | 34,812 | 35,060 | 36,522 | 38,159 | 40,590 | 40,933 | 40,495 | 40,391 | 40,138 | 38,806 | 38,517 | 37,058 | 36,284 | 36,400 | 36,411 | 36,643 | 35,651 | 35,155 | 34,312 | 33,156 | 33,733 | 36,988 |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | 100,371 | 106,601 | 109,677 | 113,621 | 120,130 | 127,652 | 132,868 | 134,176 | 137,187 | 137,438 | 132,299 | 133,419 | 127,833 | 128,112 | 129,927 | 135,479 | 135,506 | 129,660 | 127,627 | 124,388 | 119,110 | 120,964 | 133,182 |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | 89,106 | 93,518 | 97,686 | 100,020 | 106,127 | 112,197 | 113,462 | 113,585 | 112,635 | 111,115 | 105,761 | 105,203 | 99,704 | 100,386 | 100,928 | 101,848 | 99,483 | 93,125 | 90,140 | 88,121 | 85,016 | 87,245 | 95,562 |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | 85,363 | 91,037 | 93,898 | 98,224 | 104,668 | 111,434 | 115,079 | 116,456 | 117,694 | 117,405 | 112,593 | 111,279 | 108,026 | 106,921 | 107,734 | 115,491 | 114,063 | 108,092 | 106,790 | 102,151 | 99,888 | 100,871 | 107,714 |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | 121,168 | 134,639 | 138,286 | 142,645 | 151,080 | 159,781 | 166,815 | 171,561 | 174,874 | 177,272 | 170,686 | 169,985 | 163,817 | 166,123 | 167,506 | 173,576 | 170,512 | 165,986 | 162,685 | 155,983 | 153,491 | 154,160 | 168,391 |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | 43,099 | 46,859 | 48,345 | 50,399 | 53,891 | 56,569 | 58,933 | 60,381 | 61,569 | 63,446 | 61,669 | 62,634 | 62,989 | 64,216 | 67,174 | 67,033 | 68,239 | 68,476 | 68,020 | 67,929 | 67,222 | 71,697 | 79,713 |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | 39,272 | 41,927 | 43,933 | 45,795 | 49,613 | 51,719 | 52,779 | 53,722 | 54,995 | 57,099 | 57,369 | 58,377 | 58,511 | 61,393 | 63,972 | 63,456 | 64,389 | 63,668 | 65,659 | 68,199 | 69,885 | 76,942 | 86,266 |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | 23,931 | 25,155 | 26,236 | 27,700 | 29,647 | 31,024 | 31,556 | 32,092 | 32,144 | 32,817 | 32,558 | 32,774 | 32,836 | 34,272 | 35,565 | 34,101 | 34,534 | 34,157 | 34,216 | 36,354 | 38,340 | 42,090 | 46,843 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | 29,457 | 32,723 | 36,027 | 37,581 | 40,636 | 41,932 | 45,262 | 46,609 | 47,720 | 49,996 | 49,605 | 50,781 | 50,779 | 51,578 | 50,778 | 47,677 | 49,640 | 51,435 | 52,908 | 54,722 | 56,050 | 59,391 | 63,135 |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | 55,850 | 63,038 | 66,446 | 70,056 | 75,761 | 77,904 | 81,133 | 81,298 | 83,682 | 87,027 | 84,963 | 84,018 | 84,344 | 86,055 | 86,812 | 84,725 | 86,348 | 87,951 | 88,721 | 92,235 | 90,526 | 94,643 | 100,609 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | 180,301 | 198,409 | 207,922 | 203,720 | 212,721 | 223,029 | 228,218 | 225,802 | 231,129 | 234,938 | 221,806 | 221,024 | 213,474 | 212,008 | 209,514 | 209,605 | 208,575 | 209,359 | 206,879 | 201,025 | 198,420 | 205,816 | 216,389 |
Absolute Deaths by Region and Year :
| Region | Population (2024) | Deaths (2023) | Deaths (2022) | Deaths (2021) | Deaths (2020) | Deaths (2019) | Deaths (2018) | Deaths (2017) | Deaths (2016) | Deaths (2015) | Deaths (2014) | Deaths (2013) | Deaths (2012) | Deaths (2011) | Deaths (2010) | Deaths (2009) |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | 525,814 | 505,269 | 566,624 | 509,147 | 436,624 | 426,785 | 426,857 | 422,964 | 405,528 | 391,091 | 373,041 | 376,520 | 376,162 | 366,471 | 369,703 |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | 69,937 | 73,851 | 84,264 | 76,421 | 63,486 | 62,594 | 63,389 | 62,572 | 60,093 | 58,009 | 54,770 | 54,696 | 53,165 | 52,812 | 53,761 |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | 31,176 | 33,329 | 35,756 | 29,389 | 27,589 | 27,456 | 27,222 | 26,416 | 26,145 | 24,864 | 23,229 | 23,496 | 23,167 | 23,007 | 22,687 |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | 78,002 | 83,163 | 87,910 | 79,807 | 71,047 | 68,644 | 68,480 | 67,699 | 64,844 | 61,126 | 57,651 | 60,234 | 59,623 | 56,658 | 57,068 |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | 50,441 | 53,651 | 60,299 | 51,540 | 45,264 | 44,858 | 44,254 | 43,628 | 41,991 | 40,007 | 38,291 | 38,220 | 38,094 | 37,526 | 37,379 |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | 44,744 | 45,824 | 51,279 | 50,005 | 39,814 | 39,382 | 38,917 | 37,765 | 35,814 | 34,589 | 33,219 | 33,369 | 33,097 | 32,270 | 32,976 |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | 92,609 | 62,702 | 69,860 | 61,599 | 52,801 | 50,776 | 50,548 | 50,229 | 47,411 | 45,439 | 43,949 | 43,404 | 42,900 | 41,834 | 41,264 |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | 26,311 | 27,481 | 31,865 | 28,805 | 24,198 | 23,890 | 24,009 | 23,914 | 23,086 | 22,379 | 21,238 | 21,049 | 21,873 | 21,299 | 21,582 |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | 38,210 | 40,944 | 46,104 | 39,596 | 35,366 | 34,984 | 34,756 | 34,359 | 33,355 | 32,772 | 31,011 | 31,476 | 31,651 | 30,541 | 31,279 |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | 20,728 | 23,374 | 25,909 | 21,344 | 19,345 | 18,606 | 19,186 | 18,339 | 17,672 | 17,292 | 15,996 | 16,504 | 16,266 | 15,574 | 16,158 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | 10,688 | 11,352 | 13,375 | 12,568 | 10,779 | 10,900 | 10,930 | 11,020 | 11,013 | 10,787 | 10,667 | 11,052 | 11,870 | 10,955 | 11,154 |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | 17,528 | 16,978 | 20,472 | 19,989 | 15,969 | 15,530 | 16,132 | 16,132 | 15,685 | 15,441 | 15,430 | 15,419 | 16,551 | 16,114 | 16,491 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | 45,440 | 32,620 | 39,531 | 38,084 | 30,966 | 29,165 | 29,034 | 30,891 | 28,419 | 28,386 | 27,590 | 27,601 | 27,905 | 27,881 | 27,904 |

#### Regional natural increase

Natural Increase by Region and Year :
| Region | Population (2024) | Natural Increase (2022) | Natural Increase (2021) | Natural Increase (2020) | Natural Increase (2019) | Natural Increase (2018) | Natural Increase (2017) | Natural Increase (2016) | Natural Increase (2015) | Natural Increase (2014) | Natural Increase (2013) | Natural Increase (2012) | Natural Increase (2011) | Natural Increase (2010) | Natural Increase (2009) |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | 530 956/6.3 | 516 851/6.2 | 608 894/7.3 | 753 315/9.1 | 829 497/10.2 | 873 596/10.9 | 893 240/11.3 | 931 380/11.9 | 959 997/12.4 | 924 464/12.1 | 918 085/12.2 | 876 650/11.8 | 894 698/12.2 | 897 048/12.5 |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | 96 333/6.1 | 96 475/6.1 | 116 017/7.5 | 144 778/9.4 | 160 419/10.6 | 169 848/11.4 | 177 455/12.0 | 182 795/12.6 | 184 388/12.9 | 174 620/12.5 | 171 898/12.5 | 160 276/11.9 | 161 009/12.3 | 156 680/12.2 |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | 1 497/0.4 | −692/−0.2 | 7 137/2.0 | 10 570/2.9 | 13 134/3.7 | 13 714/3.9 | 14 079/4.1 | 14 246/4.2 | 15 274/4.6 | 15 577/4.8 | 15 021/4.7 | 13 891/4.4 | 13 277/4.2 | 13 713/4.4 |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | 23 160/2.1 | 21 660/2.0 | 33 733/3.2 | 48 976/4.7 | 58 935/5.6 | 64 393/6.2 | 66 477/6.5 | 72 343/7.2 | 76 312/7.7 | 74 648/7.6 | 73 185/7.5 | 68 210/7.0 | 71 454/7.4 | 72 859/7.7 |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | 39 623/4.7 | 37 302/4.4 | 48 406/5.9 | 60 800/7.6 | 67 306/8.5 | 69 212/8.9 | 69 957/9.2 | 70 644/9.5 | 71 108/9.8 | 67 470/9.5 | 66 983/9.6 | 61 610/8.9 | 62 860/9.3 | 63 549/9.6 |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | 44 955/5.4 | 42 523/5.2 | 48 134/5.9 | 64 774/8.0 | 71 994/9.1 | 76 169/9.7 | 78 691/10.2 | 81 880/10.8 | 82 816/11.1 | 79 374/10.9 | 77 910/10.8 | 74 929/10.6 | 74 651/10.7 | 74 758/11.0 |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | 71 437/6.5 | 68 276/6.3 | 80 891/7.5 | 98 149/9.3 | 108 913/10.5 | 116 282/11.4 | 121 332/12.0 | 127 463/12.8 | 131 833/13.4 | 126 737/13.1 | 126 581/13.2 | 120 917/12.8 | 124 289/13.3 | 126 242/13.8 |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | 19 166/4.6 | 16 395/4.0 | 21 530/5.2 | 29 627/7.3 | 32 637/8.2 | 34 928/8.8 | 36 467/9.3 | 38 483/9.9 | 41 067/10.6 | 40 431/10.5 | 41 585/10.8 | 41 116/10.7 | 42 917/11.2 | 45 592/12.0 |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | 881/0.2 | −2 197/−0.5 | 6 178/1.3 | 14 229/3.0 | 16 721/3.6 | 18 031/4.0 | 19 363/4.3 | 21 640/4.8 | 24 327/5.4 | 26 358/5.9 | 26 901/6.0 | 26 860/6.0 | 30 852/6.8 | 32 693/7.3 |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | 1 708/0.6 | 296/0.2 | 6 340/2.3 | 10 282/3.8 | 12 396/4.6 | 12 373/4.7 | 13 753/5.3 | 14 472/5.6 | 15 525/6.1 | 16 562/6.5 | 16 270/6.4 | 16 570/6.6 | 18 698/7.4 | 19 407/7.7 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | 21 296/9.8 | 22 634/10.4 | 24 993/11.4 | 29 834/13.5 | 31 015/14.1 | 34 347/15.6 | 35 589/16.2 | 36 707/16.7 | 39 209/17.8 | 38 938/17.6 | 39 729/17.8 | 38 909/17.6 | 40 623/18.5 | 39 624/18.0 |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | 45 808/11.7 | 45 929/11.6 | 50 028/12.7 | 59 748/15.2 | 62 330/16.0 | 65 047/16.9 | 65 166/17.0 | 67 997/17.8 | 71 586/18.9 | 69 533/18.5 | 68 599/18.4 | 67 793/18.4 | 69 941/19.2 | 70 321/19.4 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | 165 092/17.8 | 168 250/18.4 | 165 507/18.3 | 181 548/20.3 | 193 697/22.2 | 199 252/23.2 | 194 911/23.1 | 202 710/24.4 | 206 552/25.3 | 194 216/24.2 | 193 423/24.5 | 185 569/24.1 | 184 127/24.5 | 181 610/24.5 |

#### Regional total fertility rate (TFR)

Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):
| Province | Population (2024) | TFR (1980) | TFR (2000) | TFR (2009) | TFR (2010) | TFR (2011) | TFR (2012) | TFR (2013) | TFR (2014) | TFR (2015) | TFR (2016) | TFR (2017) | TFR (2018) | TFR (2019) | TFR (2020) | TFR (2021) | TFR (2022) | TFR (2023) |
| Turkey | 85 664 944 | | 2.53 | 2.10 | 2.08 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 2.11 | 2.19 | 2.16 | 2.11 | 2.08 | 2.00 | 1.89 | 1.77 | 1.71 | 1.63 | 1.51 |
| İstanbul | 15 701 602 | | | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.72 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.61 | 1.49 | 1.39 | 1.30 | 1.20 |
| West Marmara | 3 832 502 | | | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.57 | 1.63 | 1.64 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.57 | 1.50 | 1.43 | 1.41 | 1.35 |
| Tekirdağ | 1 187 162 | | 1.83 | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.72 | 1.79 | 1.82 | 1.88 | 1.94 | 1.93 | 1.94 | 1.93 | 1.78 | 1.65 | 1.59 | 1.53 | 1.45 |
| Edirne | 421 247 | 2.41 | 1.66 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.45 | 1.51 | 1.49 | 1.46 | 1.54 | 1.49 | 1.47 | 1.44 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.23 |
| Kırklareli | 379 031 | | 1.70 | 1.38 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 1.49 | 1.54 | 1.49 | 1.44 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 1.31 | 1.24 |
| Balıkesir | 1 276 096 | 2.42 | 1.95 | 1.53 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.62 | 1.66 | 1.72 | 1.66 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.63 | 1.54 | 1.49 | 1.42 | 1.42 | 1.36 |
| Çanakkale | 568 966 | 2.53 | 1.68 | 1.50 | 1.44 | 1.53 | 1.58 | 1.52 | 1.57 | 1.55 | 1.56 | 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.47 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.28 | 1.29 |
| Aegean | 10 974 357 | | | 1.69 | 1.66 | 1.66 | 1.74 | 1.73 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.68 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.45 | 1.41 | 1.34 |
| İzmir | 4 493 242 | | 1.75 | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.56 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 1.72 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.60 | 1.49 | 1.40 | 1.36 | 1.32 | 1.22 |
| Aydın | 1 165 943 | | 2.12 | 1.74 | 1.71 | 1.69 | 1.82 | 1.79 | 1.84 | 1.86 | 1.83 | 1.88 | 1.79 | 1.68 | 1.57 | 1.55 | 1.49 | 1.42 |
| Denizli | 1 061 371 | | 2.19 | 1.73 | 1.66 | 1.70 | 1.74 | 1.76 | 1.87 | 1.86 | 1.81 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 1.62 | 1.56 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.41 |
| Muğla | 1 081 867 | | 1.94 | 1.71 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.76 | 1.73 | 1.76 | 1.77 | 1.74 | 1.71 | 1.66 | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.43 | 1.35 | 1.29 |
| Manisa | 1 475 353 | | 2.14 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.79 | 1.86 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.75 | 1.69 | 1.64 | 1.62 | 1.57 |
| Afyonkarahisar | 750 193 | 3.74 | 2.82 | 2.06 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 2.03 | 1.98 | 2.09 | 2.08 | 2.01 | 1.97 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.74 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 1.53 |
| Kütahya | 571 078 | | 2.19 | 1.55 | 1.60 | 1.53 | 1.55 | 1.52 | 1.58 | 1.59 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.43 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.16 |
| Uşak | 375 310 | | 2.18 | 1.64 | 1.67 | 1.64 | 1.74 | 1.76 | 1.80 | 1.75 | 1.69 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.51 | 1.45 | 1.38 | 1.39 | 1.32 |
| East Marmara | 8 676 119 | | | 1.77 | 1.74 | 1.71 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.88 | 1.90 | 1.89 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.72 | 1.61 | 1.56 | 1.48 | 1.41 |
| Bursa | 3 238 618 | | 1.98 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.85 | 1.85 | 1.90 | 1.92 | 1.91 | 1.89 | 1.87 | 1.75 | 1.65 | 1.57 | 1.48 | 1.41 |
| Eskişehir | 921 630 | | 1.74 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.46 | 1.48 | 1.57 | 1.56 | 1.54 | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.30 | 1.20 |
| Bilecik | 228 495 | | 1.98 | 1.71 | 1.67 | 1.63 | 1.75 | 1.77 | 1.78 | 1.72 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.62 | 1.50 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.38 |
| Kocaeli | 2 130 006 | 3.23 | 2.13 | 1.90 | 1.87 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 2.04 | 2.07 | 2.05 | 2.02 | 1.97 | 1.86 | 1.70 | 1.66 | 1.58 | 1.49 |
| Sakarya | 1 110 735 | | 2,23 | 1.87 | 1.82 | 1.78 | 1.85 | 1.83 | 1.91 | 1.94 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.81 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.55 | 1.52 |
| Düzce | 412 344 | | 2.18 | 1.87 | 1.83 | 1.82 | 1.81 | 1.87 | 1.90 | 1.86 | 1.90 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.72 | 1.60 | 1.50 | 1.49 | 1.43 |
| Bolu | 326 409 | | 1.93 | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.66 | 1.60 | 1.62 | 1.57 | 1.52 | 1.47 | 1.36 | 1.37 | 1.32 | 1.24 |
| Yalova | 307 882 | | 1.93 | 1.78 | 1.64 | 1.62 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.81 | 1.79 | 1.89 | 1.83 | 1.76 | 1.66 | 1.50 | 1.48 | 1.39 | 1.31 |
| West Anatolia | 8 456 864 | | | 1.83 | 1.80 | 1.79 | 1.83 | 1.85 | 1.91 | 1.90 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.66 | 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.43 | 1.33 |
| Ankara | 5 864 049 | | 1.90 | 1.68 | 1.66 | 1.65 | 1.68 | 1.71 | 1.77 | 1.77 | 1.74 | 1.72 | 1.65 | 1.53 | 1.42 | 1.34 | 1.29 | 1.20 |
| Konya | 2 330 024 | | 3.00 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 2.13 | 2.18 | 2.18 | 2.26 | 2.21 | 2.19 | 2.13 | 2.08 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 1.81 | 1.76 | 1.65 |
| Karaman | 262 791 | | 2.77 | 2.15 | 1.95 | 1.98 | 2.02 | 2.09 | 2.05 | 2.13 | 2.10 | 2.07 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 1.78 | 1.66 | 1.61 | 1.51 |
| Mediterranean | 10 936 452 | | | 2.20 | 2.18 | 2.14 | 2.23 | 2.24 | 2.32 | 2.29 | 2.24 | 2.18 | 2.08 | 1.96 | 1.84 | 1.77 | 1.72 | 1.57 |
| Antalya | 2 722 103 | | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.96 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.63 | 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.38 | 1.31 |
| Isparta | 446 409 | | 2.04 | 1.76 | 1.66 | 1.66 | 1.72 | 1.71 | 1.76 | 1.73 | 1.72 | 1.78 | 1.64 | 1.56 | 1.46 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.34 |
| Burdur | 275 826 | | 2.12 | 1.74 | 1.73 | 1.68 | 1.66 | 1.68 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.74 | 1.67 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.42 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 |
| Adana | 2 280 484 | | 2.68 | 2.18 | 2.14 | 2.12 | 2.21 | 2.25 | 2.34 | 2.33 | 2.26 | 2.23 | 2.13 | 2.02 | 1.88 | 1.83 | 1.83 | 1.68 |
| Mersin | 1 954 279 | | 2.38 | 2.03 | 2.04 | 2.00 | 2.12 | 2.12 | 2.21 | 2.17 | 2.15 | 2.09 | 2.03 | 1.87 | 1.77 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.55 |
| Hatay | 1 562 185 | | 2.97 | 2.57 | 2.54 | 2.51 | 2.63 | 2.63 | 2.82 | 2.75 | 2.70 | 2.61 | 2.51 | 2.39 | 2.21 | 2.15 | 2.05 | 1.78 |
| Kahramanmaraş | 1 134 105 | | 3.54 | 2.70 | 2.68 | 2.66 | 2.68 | 2.74 | 2.74 | 2.64 | 2.61 | 2.55 | 2.40 | 2.24 | 2.12 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 1.72 |
| Osmaniye | 561 061 | | 2.95 | 2.55 | 2.57 | 2.40 | 2.51 | 2.51 | 2.59 | 2.50 | 2.43 | 2.40 | 2.27 | 2.22 | 2.04 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 1.81 |
| Central Anatolia | 4 160 359 | | | 2.16 | 2.08 | 2.06 | 2.07 | 2.06 | 2.14 | 2.09 | 2.05 | 1.99 | 1.89 | 1.80 | 1.68 | 1.62 | 1.57 | 1.45 |
| Kırıkkale | 283 053 | 2.25 | 2.39 | 1.77 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.59 | 1.65 | 1.69 | 1.72 | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.60 | 1.54 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.33 | 1.24 |
| Aksaray | 439 474 | | 2.85 | 2.42 | 2.35 | 2.34 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.36 | 2.31 | 2.24 | 2.20 | 2.14 | 2.01 | 1.94 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 1.70 |
| Niğde | 372 708 | | 2.98 | 2.40 | 2.28 | 2.23 | 2.32 | 2.25 | 2.33 | 2.19 | 2.20 | 2.08 | 2.00 | 1.93 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.58 |
| Nevşehir | 317.952 | | 2.55 | 2.10 | 1.98 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 1.95 | 2.10 | 1.98 | 1.94 | 1.88 | 1.79 | 1.68 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.52 | 1.40 |
| Kırşehir | 244 546 | | 2.40 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.75 | 1.78 | 1.86 | 1.82 | 1.79 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.65 | 1.49 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.29 |
| Kayseri | 1 452 458 | | 2.62 | 2.21 | 2.14 | 2.16 | 2.18 | 2.17 | 2.25 | 2.20 | 2.14 | 2.04 | 1.97 | 1.86 | 1.72 | 1.66 | 1.61 | 1.46 |
| Sivas | 637 007 | | 2.76 | 2.07 | 2.02 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 1.99 | 1.98 | 1.96 | 1.94 | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.56 | 1.46 | 1.38 |
| Yozgat | 413 161 | | 2.84 | 2.25 | 2.07 | 2.04 | 2.03 | 1.98 | 2.08 | 2.09 | 2.01 | 1.99 | 1.84 | 1.72 | 1.64 | 1.54 | 1.49 | 1.37 |
| West Black Sea | 4 711 687 | | | 1.84 | 1.79 | 1.74 | 1.77 | 1.76 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.63 | 1.57 | 1.47 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.28 |
| Zonguldak | 586 802 | | 1.93 | 1.71 | 1.65 | 1.58 | 1.62 | 1.59 | 1.60 | 1.56 | 1.50 | 1.49 | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.19 | 1.14 |
| Karabük | 250 478 | | 1.99 | 1.67 | 1.60 | 1.62 | 1.54 | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.46 | 1.51 | 1.49 | 1.41 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.14 |
| Bartın | 206 715 | | 2.11 | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.61 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.69 | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.43 | 1.38 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.13 |
| Kastamonu | 381 991 | 3.44 | 2.18 | 1.70 | 1.69 | 1.64 | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.59 | 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.51 | 1.54 | 1.48 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.28 |
| Çankırı | 199 981 | | 2.27 | 1.97 | 1.93 | 1.91 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.87 | 1.79 | 1.84 | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.69 | 1.51 | 1.42 |
| Sinop | 226 957 | 4.35 | 2.48 | 1.91 | 1.81 | 1.77 | 1.84 | 1.75 | 1.79 | 1.73 | 1.71 | 1.71 | 1.62 | 1.62 | 1.57 | 1.47 | 1.41 | 1.31 |
| Samsun | 1 382 376 | | 2.55 | 1.87 | 1.81 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 1.83 | 1.85 | 1.82 | 1.80 | 1.78 | 1.75 | 1.65 | 1.51 | 1.43 | 1.38 | 1.32 |
| Tokat | 612 674 | | 3.06 | 1.95 | 1.92 | 1.83 | 1.79 | 1.82 | 1.83 | 1.74 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.64 | 1.61 | 1.47 | 1.42 | 1.40 | 1.34 |
| Çorum | 521 335 | | 2.66 | 1.93 | 1.90 | 1.86 | 1.96 | 1.89 | 1.97 | 1.85 | 1.87 | 1.80 | 1.74 | 1.69 | 1.58 | 1.52 | 1.45 | 1.33 |
| Amasya | 342 378 | | 2.34 | 1.80 | 1.75 | 1.71 | 1.75 | 1.78 | 1.75 | 1.80 | 1.70 | 1.72 | 1.66 | 1.60 | 1.48 | 1.46 | 1.39 | 1.31 |
| East Black Sea | 2 707 777 | | | 1.86 | 1.81 | 1.77 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.81 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.69 | 1.61 | 1.52 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.34 |
| Trabzon | 822 270 | | 2.10 | 1.87 | 1.82 | 1.78 | 1.80 | 1.79 | 1.84 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 1.82 | 1.80 | 1.68 | 1.56 | 1.53 | 1.43 | 1.39 |
| Ordu | 770 711 | | 2.81 | 1.94 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 1.89 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 1.81 | 1.73 | 1.67 | 1.56 | 1.44 | 1.44 | 1.35 |
| Giresun | 455 922 | | 2.31 | 1.74 | 1.74 | 1.65 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 1.65 | 1.64 | 1.57 | 1.56 | 1.55 | 1.49 | 1.41 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.28 |
| Rize | 346 977 | | 2.01 | 1.80 | 1.76 | 1.75 | 1.73 | 1.80 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.76 | 1.77 | 1.66 | 1.57 | 1.53 | 1.41 | 1.40 |
| Artvin | 169 280 | | 2.24 | 1.73 | 1.72 | 1.67 | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.78 | 1.74 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.65 | 1.60 | 1.58 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.29 |
| Gümüşhane | 142 617 | | 2.92 | 2.09 | 1.88 | 1.89 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 1.84 | 1.73 | 1.62 | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.39 | 1.36 | 1.32 | 1.23 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 2 140 232 | | | 2.91 | 2.97 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.85 | 2.90 | 2.79 | 2.72 | 2.64 | 2.45 | 2.36 | 2.18 | 2.11 | 1.93 | 1.75 |
| Erzurum | 745 005 | | 3.51 | 2.51 | 2.49 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.49 | 2.60 | 2.52 | 2.45 | 2.41 | 2.24 | 2.16 | 2.02 | 1.95 | 1.80 | 1.68 |
| Erzincan | 241 239 | | 2.54 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.88 | 1.90 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.89 | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.65 | 1.53 | 1.58 | 1.39 | 1.34 |
| Bayburt | 83 676 | | 3.29 | 2.38 | 2.31 | 2.16 | 2.30 | 2.13 | 2.18 | 2.09 | 1.96 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 1.71 | 1.61 | 1.60 | 1.42 | 1.35 |
| Ağrı | 499 801 | | 5.49 | 4.22 | 4.38 | 4.13 | 4.11 | 4.01 | 4.04 | 3.84 | 3.73 | 3.63 | 3.29 | 3.19 | 2.89 | 2.73 | 2.52 | 2.20 |
| Kars | 272 300 | | 3.76 | 2.90 | 3.05 | 2.88 | 2.92 | 2.74 | 2.75 | 2.64 | 2.59 | 2.54 | 2.35 | 2.25 | 2.11 | 1.98 | 1.86 | 1.67 |
| Iğdır | 206 857 | | 4.17 | 3.06 | 3.16 | 3.12 | 3.10 | 3.21 | 3.19 | 3.05 | 2.98 | 2.82 | 2.70 | 2.57 | 2.28 | 2.22 | 2.00 | 1.78 |
| Ardahan | 91 354 | | 2.95 | 2.35 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 2.21 | 2.11 | 2.24 | 2.17 | 2.01 | 2.05 | 1.91 | 1.88 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.64 | 1.46 |
| Central East Anatolia | 3 876 707 | | | 3.00 | 2.95 | 2.85 | 2.82 | 2.82 | 2.87 | 2.75 | 2.67 | 2.65 | 2.52 | 2.43 | 2.23 | 2.12 | 2.02 | 1.81 |
| Malatya | 750 491 | 3.66 | 2.56 | 2.08 | 2.06 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 1.96 | 2.05 | 2.01 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 1.90 | 1.81 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 1.59 | 1.38 |
| Elazığ | 603 941 | | 2.52 | 2.02 | 1.98 | 1.98 | 1.97 | 1.93 | 2.04 | 1.99 | 1.96 | 1.96 | 1.86 | 1.79 | 1.72 | 1.60 | 1.52 | 1.42 |
| Bingöl | 283 276 | 5.57 | 3.56 | 2.56 | 2.55 | 2.52 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 2.63 | 2.42 | 2.44 | 2.39 | 2.37 | 2.27 | 2.11 | 2.00 | 1.81 | 1.67 |
| Tunceli | 86 612 | 4.87 | 1.90 | 1.56 | 1.47 | 1.50 | 1.53 | 1.55 | 1.62 | 1.69 | 1.58 | 1.56 | 1.64 | 1.69 | 1.57 | 1.49 | 1.40 | 1.30 |
| Van | 1 118 087 | | 6.00 | 3.93 | 3.84 | 3.66 | 3.58 | 3.64 | 3.54 | 3.37 | 3.20 | 3.15 | 2.96 | 2.85 | 2.56 | 2.35 | 2.29 | 2.03 |
| Muş | 392 301 | | 4.18 | 3.93 | 3.94 | 3.66 | 3.65 | 3.59 | 3.71 | 3.49 | 3.37 | 3.42 | 3.25 | 3.16 | 2.86 | 2.78 | 2.54 | 2.24 |
| Bitlis | 359 808 | 6.01 | 5.03 | 3.80 | 3.71 | 3.52 | 3.49 | 3.44 | 3.47 | 3.40 | 3.30 | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.90 | 2.70 | 2.65 | 2.49 | 2.21 |
| Hakkâri | 282 191 | | 6.69 | 3.35 | 3.18 | 3.14 | 2.99 | 3.01 | 3.03 | 2.76 | 2.60 | 2.58 | 2.43 | 2.37 | 2.18 | 2.06 | 2.01 | 1.88 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 9 490 286 | | | 3.59 | 3.57 | 3.48 | 3.53 | 3.48 | 3.63 | 3.52 | 3.38 | 3.36 | 3.23 | 3.03 | 2.85 | 2.86 | 2.72 | 2.45 |
| Gaziantep | 2 193 363 | | 3.83 | 3.15 | 3.07 | 3.04 | 3.15 | 3.17 | 3.28 | 3.19 | 3.06 | 2.94 | 2.86 | 2.63 | 2.47 | 2.49 | 2.40 | 2.10 |
| Adıyaman | 611 037 | | 3.66 | 2.76 | 2.79 | 2.77 | 2.79 | 2.75 | 2.90 | 2.87 | 2.78 | 2.79 | 2.69 | 2.56 | 2.36 | 2.37 | 2.25 | 1.93 |
| Kilis | 156 739 | | 3.54 | 2.93 | 3.01 | 2.83 | 2.99 | 2.96 | 3.13 | 3.03 | 2.87 | 2.84 | 2.76 | 2.57 | 2.49 | 2.48 | 2.35 | 2.06 |
| Şanlıurfa | 2 237 745 | | 4.83 | 4.57 | 4.58 | 4.46 | 4.47 | 4.41 | 4.57 | 4.42 | 4.35 | 4.33 | 4.16 | 3.91 | 3.72 | 3.82 | 3.61 | 3.27 |
| Diyarbakır | 1.833 684 | | 4.51 | 3.23 | 3.24 | 3.19 | 3.23 | 3.16 | 3.30 | 3.22 | 3.13 | 3.13 | 2.97 | 2.79 | 2.55 | 2.54 | 2.43 | 2.22 |
| Mardin | 895 911 | | 4.98 | 3.46 | 3.53 | 3.35 | 3.46 | 3.33 | 3.55 | 3.46 | 3.26 | 3.29 | 3.16 | 3.01 | 2.78 | 2.79 | 2.63 | 2.40 |
| Batman | 654 528 | 6.17 | 5.27 | 3.70 | 3.64 | 3.43 | 3.42 | 3.34 | 3.41 | 3.25 | 3.11 | 3.08 | 2.91 | 2.72 | 2.56 | 2.57 | 2.39 | 2.18 |
| Şırnak | 570 826 | 6.25 | 7.06 | 4.69 | 4.51 | 4.26 | 4.21 | 4.19 | 4.27 | 4.09 | 3.51 | 3.76 | 3.63 | 3.40 | 3.24 | 3.19 | 2.95 | 2.72 |
| Siirt | 336 453 | | 6.05 | 4.23 | 4.12 | 3.96 | 3.85 | 3.70 | 3.89 | 3.56 | 3.47 | 3.33 | 3.18 | 2.93 | 2.89 | 2.71 | 2.47 | 2.23 |

## Ethnicity

Modern Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as secular (Laiklik, Turkish adaptation of French Laïcité), i.e. without a state religion, or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited to Greeks, Jews and Armenians, only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others. Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended to Bulgarians in Turkey by the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması) of 18 October 1925. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey), as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent. On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty, so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.
The word Turk or Turkish also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire irrespective of their ethnicity.
According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%. According to Milliyet, a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 9.6 million Kurds, 3 million Zazas, 2.5 million Circassians, 2 million Bosniaks, 500,000–1.3 million Albanians, 1,000,000 Georgians, 870,000 Arabs, 600,000 Pomaks, 80,000 Laz, 60,000 Armenians, 30,000 British, 25,000 Assyrians, 20,000 Jews, 15,000 Greeks, and 500 Yazidis living in Turkey.
According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.
Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.
According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).
Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 by Ethnologue and Jacques Leclerc:
| People | Population | Percentage | Language | Status |
| Anatolian Turks | 53,402,000 | 70.6% | Turkish | 1 (National) |
| Kurmanji Kurds | 8,127,000 | 10.7% | Kurmanji | 3 (Wider communication) |
| Turcophones, Kurds | 5,881,000 | 7.7% | Turkish | 1 (National) |
| Zaza | 1,155,000 | 1.5% | Zaza | 5 (Developing) |
| Arabs | 1,133,000 | 1.4% | Levantine Arabic | |
| Kabardians, Circassians | 1,062,000 | 1.4 % | Kabardian | 5 (Developing) |
| Iraqi Arabs | 722,000 | 0.9% | Mesopotamian Arabic | 6a (Vigorous) |
| Azerbaijani | 540,000 | 0.7% | Azerbaijani | 5 (Developing) |
| Romani | 500,000 (1985) | 0.7% | Romani, Domari | |
| Gagauzes | 418,000 | 0.5% | Balkan Gagauz Turkish | 7 (Shifting) |
| Pomaks | 351,000 | 0.4% | Bulgarian | 5 (Dispersed) |
| Pontic Greeks | 321,000 | 0.4% | Pontic Greek | 6a (Vigorous) |
| Adyghe, Circassians | 316,000 | 0.4% | Adyghe | 5 (Developing) |
| Alevi Kurds | 184,000 | 0.2% | Zazaki | |
| Georgians | 151,000 | 0,1 % | Georgian | 6b (Threatened) |
| Bosniaks | 101,000 | 0.1% | Bosnian | |
| Chechens | 101,000 | 0.1% | Chechen | |
| Crimean Tatars | 100,000 | 0.1% | Crimean Tatar | 5 (Developing) |
| Lazi | 93,000 | 0.1% | Laz language | 6b (Threatened) |
| Karakalpaks | 74,000 | | Karakalpak | |
| Albanians | 66,000 | | Tosk Albanian | 6b (Threatened) |
| Armenians | 61,000 | | Armenian | 6b (Threatened) |
| Abkhazians | 44,000 | | Abkhazian | 6b (Threatened) |
| Han Chinese | 38,000 | | Chinese | |
| Ossetians | 37,000 | | Ossetian | |
| British | 35,000 | | English | |
| Bulgarians | 32,000 | | Bulgarian | |
| Jews | 30,000 | | Turkish, Ladino | 7 (Shifting) |
| Tatars | 26,000 | | Tatar | |
| Assyrians | 25,000 | | Neo-Aramaic | |
| Pakistanis | 22,000 | | Urdu | |
| Assyrians | 15,000 | | Turoyo | 6b (Threatened) |
| Turks other (Hemshin, Meskhetian Turks, Gajal) | 57,000 | | Turkish | |
| Kurds other (Herki and Shikaki) | 62,000 | | Kurdish | |
| Other | 180,000 | | | |
| Total | 75,566,800 | | |

## Languages

No exact data are available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that the Turkish are in the majority, while the largest minority groups are Kurds and Arabs. Smaller minorities are the Armenians, Greeks and others.
| Language | Census 1927 | Census 1927 | Census 1935 | Census 1935 | Census 1945 | Census 1945 | Census 1950 | Census 1950 | Census 1955 | Census 1955 | Census 1960 | Census 1960 | Census 1965 | Census 1965 |
| Language | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % |
| Turkish | 11,778,810 | 86.42 | 13,899,073 | 86.02 | 16,598,037 | 88.34 | 18,254,851 | 87.15 | 21,622,292 | 89.85 | 25,172,535 | 90.70 | 28,175,579 | 89.76 |
| Kurdish | 1,184,446 | 8.69 | 1,480,246 | 9.16 | 1,476,562 | 7.9 | 1,680,043 | 8.02 | 1,679,265 | 6.98 | 1,847,674 | 6.66 | 2,219,599 | 7.07 |
| Zazaki | 1,184,446 | 8.69 | 1,480,246 | 9.16 | 1,476,562 | 7.9 | 174,526 | 0.70 | 1,679,265 | 6.98 | 1,847,674 | 6.66 | 150,644 | 0.48 |
| Arabic | 134,273 | 0.98 | 153,687 | 0.95 | 247,294 | 1.3 | 269,038 | 1.28 | 300,583 | 1.25 | 347,690 | 1.25 | 365,340 | 1.16 |
| Circassian | 95,901 | 0.70 | 91,972 | 0.57 | 66,691 | 0.4 | 75,837 | 0.36 | 77,611 | 0.32 | 63,137 | 0.23 | 58,339 | 0.19 |
| Greek | 119,822 | 0.88 | 108,725 | 0.67 | 88,680 | 0.47 | 89,472 | 0.43 | 79,691 | 0.33 | 65,139 | 0.23 | 48,096 | 0.15 |
| Armenian | 64,745 | 0.48 | 57,599 | 0.36 | 47,728 | 0.3 | 52,776 | 0.25 | 56,235 | 0.23 | 52,756 | 0.19 | 33,094 | 0.11 |
| Georgian | – | – | 57,325 | 0.35 | 40,076 | 0.21 | 72,604 | 0.35 | 51,983 | 0.22 | 32,944 | 0.12 | 34,330 | 0.11 |
| Laz | – | – | 63,253 | 0.39 | 39,323 | 0.21 | 70,423 | 0.34 | 30,566 | 0.13 | 21,703 | 0.08 | 26,007 | 0.08 |
| other | 251,491 | 1.85 | 227,544 | 1.41 | 185,783 | 0.99 | 207,618 | 0.99 | 166,537 | 0.69 | 151,242 | 0.54 | 280,403 | 0.89 |
| Total | 13,629.488 | 100 | 16,157,450 | 100 | 18,790,174 | 100 | 20,947,188 | 100 | 24,064,763 | 100 | 27,754,820 | 100 | 31,391,421 | 100 |
| Sources: |||||||||||||||
A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:
* Turkic-speaking peoples: Turks, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Karachays, Uzbeks, Crimean Tatars and Uyghurs
* Indo-European-speaking peoples: Kurds, Zazas, Megleno-Romanians, Bosniaks, Albanians, Pomaks, Ossetians, Armenians, Hamshenis, Goranis and Greeks
* Semitic-speaking peoples: Arabs, Jews and Assyrians
* Caucasian-speaking peoples: Circassians, Georgians, Lazs and Chechens

## Religion

Turkey has officially been a secular country since its 1924 constitution was amended in 1928. This was later strengthened and entrenched with the wider appliance of laicism by founder Atatürk during the mid-1930s, as part of the Republican reforms.
There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the United States Department of State's International Religious Freedom Report 2008, the Turkish government considers 99 percent of the population is Muslim, the majority of which is Hanafi Sunni. A similar figure can be found in the current US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) the World Factbook (99.8%). The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews. However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national id card, that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing an e-government application since May 2020, using a valid electronic signature to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in the census record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.
In 2023, according to Ipsos, 83% are Muslim, 12% have no religion, 2% prefer not to say, 2% are Christian and 2% are other religions. In a similar survey in 2016, Islam comprised 82% of the total population (65% Sunni and 4% Shi'a), followed by 7% no religion, 6% Spiritual but not religious, 4% Atheism, 3% Agnosticism, 2% Christian, 1% Protestantism, 1% Buddhism, 1% Mahayana and 1% other.
In 2018, a poll conducted by Eurobarometer and KONDA Research and Consultancy and some other research institutes showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion. In 2013, the same institutions showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion.
Between 8 million and 20 million Turks are Alevis.
In 2006, in a poll conducted by Sabancı University, 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim. In 2005, a Eurobarometer poll on Europeans views on ethics in science and technology reported 95% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while about 2% responded "I believe there is so me sort of spirit or life force", about 1% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force" and about 1% "DK" (that they don't know). Similar figures were found in some other European countries.
There is concern over the future of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trained clergy due to the closure of the Halki seminary. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the Patriarch of Constantinople.
Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands) :
| Year | 1914 | 1927 | 1945 | 1965 | 1990 | 2005 |
| Muslims | 12,941 | 13,290 | 18,511 | 31,139 | 56,860 | 71,997 |
| Greeks | 1,549 | 110 | 104 | 76 | 8 | 3 |
| Armenians | 1,204 | 77 | 60 | 64 | 67 | 50 |
| Jews | 128 | 82 | 77 | 38 | 29 | 27 |
| Others | 176 | 71 | 38 | 74 | 50 | 45 |
| Total | 15,997 | 13,630 | 18,790 | 31,391 | 57,005 | 72,120 |
| Percentage non-Muslim | 19.1 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927. The drop was the result of the late Ottoman genocides, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey and the emigration of Christians. The 1942 Wealth Tax on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955 Istanbul pogrom further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.

### Religiosity

In 2018, according to a KONDA survey, the religiosity was the following:
* 51% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
* 34% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
* 10% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
* 2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
* 3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:
* 43% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
* 45% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
* 5% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
* 4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
* 4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
According to the 2007 KONDA survey:
* 52.8% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
* 34.3 % defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
* 9.7% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
* 2.3% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
* 0.9% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
In a 2006 Pew Research Center survey, 69% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives". Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined as More religious, in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.
Around 2007, according to the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, 62% of women wore the headscarf or hijab in Turkey.

## Migration
### Immigration

Immigration to Turkey is the process by which people migrate to Turkey to reside in the country. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and following Turkish War of Independence, an exodus by the large portion of Turkish (Turkic) and Muslim peoples from the Balkans (Balkan Turks, Albanians, Bosniaks, Pomaks), Caucasus (Abkhazians, Ajarians, Circassians, Chechens, Lezgins), Crimea (Crimean Tatar diaspora), and Crete (Cretan Turks) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia, Moldova, Georgia, Iran, and Azerbaijan, but also from Central Asia, Ukraine and Russia. Turkey's migrant crisis during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularly those fleeing the Syrian civil war.
As of August 2024, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3,097,660 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 321,118 people in 2023. In 2022, nearly 100,000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.
In order to obtain Turkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company. The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status.
Population in Turkey by country of citizenship by the end of each years:
| Country | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 |
| Total people living in Turkey$^1$ | 85 664 944 (100%) | 85 372 377 (100%) | 85 279 553 (100%) | 84 680 273 (100%) | 83 614 362 (100%) |
| Turkey | 84 184 397 (98.27%) | 83 801 834 (98.16%) | 83 455 717 (97.86%) | 82 888 237 (97.88%) | 82 280 952 (98.41%) |
| Total foreign population$^1$ | 1 480 547 (1.73%) | 1 570 543 (1.84%) | 1 823 836 (2.14%) | 1 792 036 (2.12%) | 1 333 410 (1.59%) |
| Iraq | 177 988 (0.21%) | 217 476 (0.25%) | 275 305 (0.32%) | 322 015 (0.38%) | 281 074 (0.34%) |
| Afghanistan | 139 251 (0.16%) | 164 131 (0.19%) | 186 160 (0.22%) | 183 567 (0.22%) | 158 252 (0.19%) |
| Germany | 115 958 (0.14%) | 114 293 (0.13%) | 110 453 (0.13%) | 102 592 (0.12%) | 92 284 (0.11%) |
| Turkmenistan | 113 762 (0.13%) | 110 349 (0.13%) | 116 447 (0.14%) | 123 965 (0.15%) | 91 218 (0.11%) |
| Iran | 95 924 (0.11%) | 101 164 (0.12%) | 117 026 (0.14%) | 128 883 (0.15%) | 68 561 (0.08%) |
| Russian Federation | 85 752 (0.10%) | 102 585 (0.12%) | 151 049 (0.18%) | 66 786 (0.08%) | 43 679 (0.05%) |
| Azerbaijan | 80 133 (0.09%) | 70 971 (0.08%) | 68 884 (0.08%) | 68 562(0.08%) | 48 495 (0.06%) |
| Syria | 72 367 (0.08%) | 79 952 (0.09%) | 99 360 (0.12%) | 104 554 (0.12%) | 88 907 (0.11%) |
| Uzbekistan | 59 132 (0.07%) | 54 594 (0.06%) | 61 754 (0.07%) | 71 145 (0.08%) | 36 510 (0.04%) |
| Kazakhstan | 44 445 (0.05%) | 44 133 (0.05%) | 45 530 (0.05%) | 39 454 (0.05%) | 23 645 (0.03%) |
| Ukraine | 35 446 (0.04%) | 40 483 (0.05%) | 50 357 (0.06%) | 23 377 (0.03%) | 17 505 (0.02%) |
| Egypt | 28 304 (0.03%) | 28 451 (0.03%) | 33 040 (0.04%) | 34 162 (0.04%) | 25 475 (0.03%) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 23 802 (0.03%) | 22 477 (0.03%) | 24 485 (0.03%) | 26 541 (0.03%) | 18 019 (0.02%) |
| Palestine | 23 569 (0.03%) | 21 612 (0.03%) | 26 278 (0.03%) | 28 027 (0.03%) | 17 915 (0.02%) |
| Austria | 22 231 (0.03%) | 22 102 (0.03%) | 21 311 (0.02%) | 19 900 (0.02%) | 18 047 (0.02%) |
| Bulgaria | 17 315 (0.02%) | 16 899 (0.02%) | 16 612 (0.02%) | 15 426 (0.02%) | 14 195 (0.02%) |
| Morocco | 16 914 (0.02%) | 16 699 (0.02%) | 18 482 (0.02%) | 20 520 (0.02%) | 12 122 (0.01%) |
| Indonesia | 16 089 (0.02%) | 12 301 (0.01%) | 11 280 (0.01%) | 10 219 (0.01%) | 5 226 (0.01%) |
| China | 15 107 (0.02%) | 14 030 (0.02%) | 16 880 (0.02%) | 20 486 (0.02%) | 18 740 (0.02%) |
| Yemen | 14 748 (0.02%) | 16 386 (0.02%) | 19 099 (0.02%) | 18 094 (0.02%) | 14 927 (0.02%) |
| Greece | 14 496 (0.02%) | 14 164 (0.02%) | 13 583 (0.02%) | 12 569 (0.01%) | 12 137 (0.01%) |
| United Kingdom | 14 386 (0.02%) | 15 734 (0.02%) | 17 193 (0.02%) | 16 440 (0.02%) | 13 985 (0.02%) |
| Pakistan | 14 384 (0.02%) | 13 903 (0.02%) | 16 505 (0.02%) | 17 290 (0.02%) | 7 248 (0.01%) |
| Jordan | 14 343 (0.02%) | 17 098 (0.02%) | 22 733 (0.03%) | 23 656 (0.03%) | 14 260 (0.02%) |
| Libya | 11 644 (0.01%) | 15 621 (0.02%) | 21 677 (0.03%) | 24 188 (0.03%) | 18 607 (0.02%) |
| Somalia | 10 815 (0.01%) | 14 011 (0.02%) | 20 906 (0.02%) | 28 081 (0.03%) | 17 245 (0.02%) |
| Georgia | 10 725 (0.01%) | 11 851 (0.01%) | 14 680 (0.02%) | 19 276 (0.02%) | 15 661 (0.02%) |
| Algeria | 9 815 (0.01%) | 10 145 (0.01%) | 12 248 (0.01%) | 10 698 (0.01%) | 5 914 (0.01%) |
| Sudan | 9 632 (0.01%) | 10 371 (0.01%) | 11 613 (0.01%) | 9 538 (0.01%) | 3 193 (<0.01%) |
| United States | 9 621 (0.01%) | 10 655 (0.01%) | 12 793 (0.02%) | 12 773 (0.02%) | 9 032 (0.01%) |
| India | 7 639 (0.01%) | 6 699 (0.01%) | 4 669 (0.01%) | 3 092 (<0.01%) | |
| Netherlands | 7 587 (0.01%) | 7 786 (0.01%) | 8 104 (0.01%) | 7 686 (0.01%) | 6 550 (0.01%) |
| Lebanon | 7 340 (0.01%) | 8 864 (0.01%) | 12 430 (0.01%) | 13 242 (0.02%) | 5 943 (0.01%) |
| Nigeria | 7 252 (0.01%) | 9 196 (0.01%) | 12 928 (0.02%) | 12 920 (0.02%) | 7 120 (0.01%) |
| Tajikistan | 6 486 (0.01%) | 6 251 (0.01%) | 7 153 (0.01%) | 7 965 (0.01%) | 3 626 (<0.01%) |
| Kuwait | 5 912 (0.01%) | 5 699 (0.01%) | 6 190 (0.01%) | 5 498 (0.01%) | 3 559 (<0.01%) |
| Moldova | 5 257 (0.01%) | 5 842 (0.01%) | 6 790 (0.01%) | 7 546 (0.01%) | 6 295 (0.01%) |
| Tunisia | 5 105 (0.01%) | 5 172 (0.01%) | 6 075 (0.01%) | 6 033 (0.01%) | 2 961 (<0.01%) |
| France | 4 237 (<0.01%) | 4 102 (<0.01%) | 4 526 (0.01%) | 4 294 (0.01%) | 3 181 (<0.01%) |
| Belarus | 4 207 (<0.01%) | 4 440 (0.01%) | 5 169 (0.01%) | 3 873 (<0.01%) | |
| Ethiopia | 3 036 (<0.01%) | 3 724 (<0.01%) | 6 165 (0.01%) | 6 633 (0.01%) | 2 936 (<0.01%) |
| $^{1:excludingSyrianrefugeesundertemporaryprotectionstatusandforeignersholdingvisasorresidencepermitsshorterthan90days}$ ||||||

### Internal migration

Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014 :
| Regions | İstanbul | West Marmara | Aegean | East Marmara | West Anatolia | Mediterranean | Central Anatolia | West Black Sea | East Black Sea | Northeast Anatolia | Central East Anatolia | Southeast Anatolia | Total Population |
| İstanbul | 2,162,588 | 79,009 | 72,123 | 84,689 | 38,802 | 38,673 | 4,858 | 11,976 | 9,147 | 3,533 | 3,667 | 4,754 | 2,513,819 |
| West Marmara | 523,725 | 2,378,938 | 187,256 | 135,364 | 44,409 | 27,376 | 5,140 | 10,238 | 4,513 | 5,273 | 7,110 | 8,861 | 3,338,203 |
| Aegean | 297,143 | 76,518 | 7,047,801 | 210,522 | 134,073 | 166,785 | 16,606 | 22,252 | 10,354 | 14,936 | 20,388 | 28,224 | 8,045,602 |
| East Marmara | 520,698 | 67,299 | 131,586 | 4,317,877 | 187,043 | 61,782 | 10,715 | 33.371 | 10,701 | 8,074 | 9,775 | 12,286 | 5,371,207 |
| West Anatolia | 272,835 | 35,919 | 259,387 | 127,794 | 3,721,634 | 192,934 | 49,942 | 29,545 | 8,468 | 10,360 | 13,727 | 20,850 | 4,743,395 |
| Mediterranean | 470,673 | 53,295 | 250,529 | 111,393 | 228,398 | 7,329,964 | 100,729 | 32,461 | 16,963 | 21,667 | 46,013 | 181,874 | 8,843,959 |
| Central Anatolia | 1,346,007 | 92,421 | 297,114 | 235,407 | 1,223,857 | 305,343 | 3,466,971 | 70,729 | 16,604 | 20,204 | 32,153 | 36,818 | 7,143,628 |
| West Black Sea | 2,637,016 | 186,103 | 252,628 | 458,730 | 956,151 | 133,053 | 54,578 | 3,982,185 | 42,935 | 18,878 | 21,757 | 27,735 | 8,771,749 |
| East Black Sea | 1,918,805 | 96,494 | 152,843 | 529,110 | 241,801 | 70,823 | 19,104 | 198,869 | 2,382,704 | 33,854 | 11,852 | 13,140 | 5,669,399 |
| Northeast Anatolia | 1,580,876 | 120,086 | 504,588 | 593,882 | 344,929 | 101,600 | 63,029 | 34,656 | 32,761 | 2,009,253 | 39,921 | 20,576 | 5,446,157 |
| Central East Anatolia | 1,293,157 | 86,315 | 359,161 | 299,390 | 167,451 | 393,102 | 31,612 | 22,064 | 11,070 | 31,709 | 3,438,577 | 133,862 | 6,267,470 |
| Southeast Anatolia | 1,197,959 | 65,538 | 445,279 | 174,765 | 156,489 | 1,002,771 | 33,876 | 23,666 | 11,689 | 22,036 | 150,028 | 7,738,941 | 11,023,037 |
| Total population | 14,221,482 | 3,337,935 | 9,960,295 | 7,278,923 | 7,445,037 | 9,824,206 | 3,857,160 | 4,472,012 | 2,557,909 | 2,199,777 | 3,794,968 | 8,227,921 | 77,177,625 |