# Hyundai Rotem

Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (Korean: 현대로템; RR: Hyeondae Rotem), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling, defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than 50 countries worldwide. As of 2023, Hyundai Rotem has more than 3,900 employees.

## History

On 1 July 1999, as part of the government-led restructuring, Korea Rolling Stock Corporation (KOROS, Korean: 한국철도차량 주식회사) was founded as a result of the merger between three major rolling stock divisions of Hanjin Heavy Industries, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Precision Industry.
In 2000, Hyundai Precision Industry sold its defence and plant businesses to KOROS, effectively making KOROS an affiliate company of Hyundai Motor Company. Hyundai Precision Industry was renamed as Hyundai Mobis in the same year. In August 2001, in an aftermath of Daewoo Group's dissolution, Daewoo Heavy Industries agreed to sell its stake in KOROS to Hyundai Mobis, which let the latter become the majority shareholder of the company. KOROS subsequently changed its name to Rotem Company, where "Rotem" is known to be short for "Railroading Technology System", on 1 January 2002.
In 2006, Morgan Stanley became a minority shareholder by buying shares from Hyundai Motor Company and participating in Rotem's rights offering, until 2018. In a separate event in the same year, Hanjin Heavy Industries sold its stake in Rotem to Morgan Stanley, leaving Hyundai Motor Group the only remaining pre-1999 merger corporate shareholder. Rotem Company added "Hyundai" to its name on 3 December 2007 to reflect its current parent company. Its shares are listed in the Korea Exchange in October 2013.
While Hyundai Rotem officially designated its founding date as 1 July 1977, which was also the time when "Hyundai Precision Industry" was officially named, in certain of its publications, it tried to trace its roots to the rolling stock business of other pre-1999 merger entities, which started building rolling stock since 1964.

## Railway products
### Rolling stock

Notable projects include supplying majority of South Korea's rolling stock, which include Korail's KTX high-speed trains, electric multiple units (EMUs), and electric locomotives. Other products in South Korea include supplying majority of Seoul Metropolitan Subway, Busan Metro Lines, and Shinbundang Line's rolling stock.
International products include New South Wales D sets serving intercity services of Sydney Trains in Australia, K-Stock and R-Stock EMUs for Hong Kong's MTR, commuter EMUs for Taiwan, trains for the Delhi Metro, and automated trains for the Canada Line in Vancouver, Canada. It delivered 120 Silverliner V commuter trains for SEPTA Regional Rail in the Philadelphia area in Pennsylvania and 66 Silverliner Vs for Regional Transportation District (RTD)'s A Line. As of early 2025, the largest order ever for Hyundai Rotem's rail solution division is a KRW2.2027 trillion (approximately USD1.5 billion) contract to supply double-deck electric trains to the Moroccan National Railways Office in the same year. It is the largest single order not only for the company but also for any South Korean rolling stock manufacturing company.
Besides conventional trains powered by diesel, overhead wire and third rail, Hyundai Rotem is also developing hydrogen mobility technology based on the hydrogen fuel cell technology system of its holding company, Hyundai Motor Company. In 2021, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell tram prototype was unveiled. A revised design was exhibited during InnoTrans 2022 in Berlin, which was later recognised in the product category of iF Design Award 2023, and with a full-scale tram exhibited in the RailLog Korea 2023. Detailed specifications of the tram were announced in 2024, with the same full-scale tram being showcased in InnoTrans in the same year. Mass production model is expected to be firstly introduced to Daejeon Metro Line 2 in South Korea, which is scheduled to commence operations in 2028. Other types of rolling stock, such as hydrogen fuel cell-powered locomotives and EMUs, are also under development.
In the list below, not only the rolling stock built by Hyundai Rotem (also KOROS and Rotem, before their renaming) are included, those built by the pre-1999 merger entities of Hyundai Precision Industry, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hanjin Heavy Industries are also included.

#### High-speed trains

* South Korea
** KTX-I (34 of 46 trainsets, manufactured under Alstom licence)
** HSR-350x experimental train
** KTX-Sancheon
** HEMU-430X experimental train (maximum speed: 421.4 km/h (261.8 mph))
** KTX-Eum (EMU-260)
** KTX-Cheongryong (EMU-320)
* Uzbekistan – Uzbekistan Railways UTY EMU-250 (6 7-car trains, on order; designed based on KTX-Eum)

#### Diesel multiple units (DMUs)

* Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran Railways railbus
* Ireland – Iarnród Éireann 22000 Class
* Philippines – PNR Metro Commuter Line DMUs
* Thailand – State Railway of Thailand (SRT) APD.20 and APD.60 DMUs (then by Daewoo)
* Turkey – TCDD DM15000, MT30000
* Syria – Syrian Railways
* South Korea – Korail Saemaeul-ho diesel-hydraulic multiple units (built by Daewoo, Hanjin, and Hyundai Precision)
* South Korea – Korail Commuter Diesel Car (CDC), Refurbished Diesel Car (RDC) (built by Daewoo)

#### Regional / Intercity EMUs

* Australia – New South Wales D sets for Sydney Trains, linking Sydney with the Blue Mountains, Central Coast, Newcastle, Illawarra, Wollongong, Shellharbour and South Coast district areas
* Australia – Queensland Train Manufacturing Program for Queensland Rail (65 6-car trains, on order)
* Brazil – CPTM (São Paulo) EMU 9500 series
* Brazil – Supervia (Rio de Janeiro) EMU 2500 series
* Malaysia – KTM Class 91
* Malaysia – KTM Class 83 (built by Hyundai Precision)
* New Zealand – FP class for Greater Wellington Regional Council, for use in Wellington
* South Korea – Korail Class 210000 on the ITX-Saemaeul
* South Korea – Korail Class 368000 on the ITX-Cheongchun
* South Korea – GTX-A A000 series
* Taiwan – Taiwan Railway EMU500 series (built by Daewoo)
* Taiwan – Taiwan Railway EMU600 series (built by KOROS/Rotem)
* Taiwan – Taiwan Railway EMU900 series
* Tanzania – EMUs for Tanzania SGR (appearance resembling Korail Class 210000)
* Tunisia – Sahel Metro
* Tunisia – Tunis RFR Lines D and E
* Turkey – Marmaray E32000 series
* Turkey – Başkentray E23000 series
* Turkey – İZBAN E22100 series
* United States – Silverliner V for SEPTA Regional Rail (Philadelphia) and RTD Commuter Rail (Denver)
* Ukraine – HRCS2 for Ukrainian Railways

#### Metro EMUs

* Brazil – São Paulo Metro, Line 4
* Brazil – Salvador Metro
* Canada – Vancouver SkyTrain Canada Line Hyundai Rotem EMU
* Greece – Athens Metro EMUs (for lines 2, 3 and Athens Airport service)
* Hong Kong – MTR
** K-train for Tseung Kwan O line (previously Kwun Tong line) and Tung Chung line
** R-train for East Rail line
* India – Delhi Metro
** Phase 1 – broad gauge EMUs; Red Line (Delhi Metro), Yellow Line (Delhi Metro) (erstwhile user), Blue Line (Delhi Metro)
** Phase 2 – standard gauge EMUs; Green Line (Delhi Metro), Violet Line (Delhi Metro)
** Phase 3 – standard gauge driverless EMUs; Pink Line (Delhi Metro), Magenta Line (Delhi Metro), Grey Line (Delhi Metro)
* India – Ahmedabad Metro EMUs, Bangalore Metro EMUs, Hyderabad Metro EMUs, Nagpur Metro EMUs
* Kazakhstan – Almaty Metro EMUs
* Malaysia – Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Putrajaya line EMUs
* Philippines – Manila LRT Line 2 2000 class (with Toshiba for electrical components)
* Philippines – Manila MRT Line 7 000 class
* Singapore – SMRT C151 refurbishment, J151 sets for Jurong Region Line
* South Korea – 2000 series EMU for Seoul Metro Line 2, 5000/6000/7000/8000 series EMU for the former SMRT (now under Seoul Metro), Korail, DJET, DGSC, BTC, AREX, and Daegu Metro Line 2
* South Korea – Busan Metro Class 1000 (Hyundai Precision), Class 2000 (Hanjin) and Class 3000 (Rotem)
* Taiwan – Taoyuan Metro Green Line EMUs
* Taiwan – Taipei Metro Heavy-capacity EMUs
* Taiwan – Kaohsiung Metro Red Line extension EMUs
* Turkey – Istanbul Metro Line M2, Line M6, Line M7 and Line M8
* United States – Los Angeles Metro Rail HR5000

#### Trams and light rail vehicles

* Canada – Edmonton LRT Valley Line West (40 low-floor LRVs, on order)
* Philippines – Manila LRT Line 1 1100 class high-floor LRVs (with Adtranz)
* Poland – Warsaw tram network 140N, 141N, 142N (123 tramcars)
* South Korea – Ui LRT trainsets, Gimpo Goldline trainsets
* South Korea – Incheon Subway Line 2 first generation trainsets
* South Korea – Daejeon Metro Line 2 hydrogen fuel cell trams (on order)
* Turkey – Istanbul LRT T4 high-floor LRVs
* Turkey – Adana Metro high-floor LRVs
* Turkey – Antalya trams
* Turkey – Izmir trams
* Indonesia – Jakarta LRT high-floor LRVs

#### Locomotives

* Bangladesh – Bangladesh Railway 2900, 3000 series diesel-electric locomotives
* South Korea – Korail Class 4400 (GT18B-M), 7000, 7100, 7200, 7300, 7400, 7500 (GT26CW series), 7600 (GE PowerHaul) diesel-electric locomotives
* South Korea – Korail Class 8000 (under Alstom licence), 8200 (under Siemens licence) electric locomotives
* South Korea – Korail Class 8500 electric locomotives
* Tanzania – E68000 electric locomotives for Tanzania SGR
* Turkey – TCDD E68000 electric locomotives (for first 8 only, later 72 built by TÜLOMSAŞ under Hyundai Rotem license)

#### Push-pull coaches

* Taiwan – Taiwan Railway E1000 push-pull trains (contract entered between the then Taiwan Railway Administation and Hyundai Precision, with the latter building passenger cars, and Union Carriage & Wagon building locomotives)
* United States – Rotem bi-level push-pull cars
** MBTA BTC-4D and CTC-5 cars
** Metrolink Guardian cars BTC-5
** Tri-Rail BTC-5 push-pull cars

#### Maglev trains

* South Korea
** ECOBEE on the Incheon Airport Maglev
** UTM-02

### Railway signalling

Hyundai Rotem is also involved in South Korea's national research project to develop a domestic railway signalling system, known as Korean Train Control System (KTCS), together with Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Korea National Railway, Korail, as well as other industry players such as LS Electric. In 2018, KTCS-2, a category of KTCS designed for mainline tracks, was successfully developed, then with the R&D, performance verification, and product certification completed by Hyundai Rotem. In 2023 and 2024, commercial operation of KTCS-2 systems installed by Hyundai Rotem commenced on the Jeolla Line and Daegyeong Line, respectively.

#### In commercial operation

* Jeolla Line (KTCS-2)
* Daegyeong Line (KTCS-2)

#### On test

* Ilsan Line (KTCS-M)

## Defense products

* K1 main battle tank (MBT)
* K1 armoured recovery vehicle (ARV)
* K2 Black Panther MBT
* K600 Rhino combat engineering vehicle (CEV)
* K808 White Tiger armored personnel carrier (APC)
* K806 White Tiger APC
* Decon machinery
* 60-ton heavy equipment transporter (HET)
* K1 tank gunnery trainer
* Depot maintenance
* Integrated logistics system

## Plant and Machinery products

* Logistics solutions
** Automated guided vehicles for warehouses, ports
** Baggage handling system
** Conveyor system for automotive industry
** Passenger boarding bridges to planes and cruise ships
* Mechanical press, Hydraulic press, Servo press, Auto racking system
* Steel mill construction
** Electric arc furnace for steel-making
** Ladle furnace, cranes
* Hydrogen infrastructure
** Steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas
** Hydrogen stations, shipping centres

## Selected railway projects
### Hyderabad Metro

Hyderabad Metro Rail announced on September 12, 2012, that it has awarded the rolling stock tender to Hyundai Rotem of South Korea. The tender is for 57 rakes consisting of 171 cars which will delivered phase wise at least 9 months before the commencement of each stage. On 22 May 2014 the first train had arrived at Uppal depot in Hyderabad. On 31 December 2014, Hyderabad Metro created a new technology record by successfully running a train in Automatic Train Operation (ATO) mode for the first time on Indian soil between Nagole and Mettuguda.

### Istanbul Marmaray

Hyundai Rotem announced on November 11, 2008, that it had signed a €580m contract to supply the rolling stock for the Marmaray cross-Bosporus tunnel project in Istanbul. The Korean firm saw off competition from short-listed bidders Alstom, CAF and a consortium of Bombardier, Siemens and Nurol for the 440-vehicle contract which was placed by the Ministry of Transport's General Directorate of Railways, Harbours & Airports.
The 22 m long stainless steel cars will be formed into 10 and five-car EMUs. Some production will be carried out locally by Eurotem, Hyundai Rotem's joint venture with Turkish rolling stock manufacturer TÜVASAŞ. The cars will arrive in three batches, the first 160 cars by 2011, the last by June 2014.
Hyundai Rotem won its first contract in Turkey in 1996, and has now completed seven orders for a total of 804 vehicles worth US$1·6bn. In July it signed a contract to provide 84 DMUs in conjunction with Tüvasas.
'Hyundai Rotem has earned the trust of Turkey by providing high quality products and technology', said Executive Vice-chairman Yeo-Sung Lee. 'We believe this brightens the outlook for future business opportunities in Turkey such as the Istanbul line and the Ankara line.'

### Boston MBTA

Hyundai Rotem was awarded a contract with Boston's MBTA in early 2008 for the construction of 75 cars. The contract entails the delivery of the first 4 cars by October 2010 while the remaining 71 cars were scheduled to be delivered by the end of 2012. However, due to chronic delays, shoddy workmanship, material shortage, and the death of Hyundai Rotem's chief executive, M.H. Lee, in November 2012, only four cars have been delivered by the end of 2012. On December 21, 2012, the MBTA sent a letter to Hyundai Rotem threatening to cancel the contract if a solution is not soon reached, which, would be a breach of the contract terms. Since then, the new cars have continued to experience various mechanical problems resulting in car shortages and delays.