# Middle East Eye

Middle East Eye (MEE) is a United Kingdom–based media website and channel that primarily focuses on news related to the Middle East, North Africa, and the broader Muslim world. The ownership of the organisation is undisclosed, but it is reportedly funded by the government of Qatar, though the organization itself denies this.

## Organization

MEE was launched in London, England, in April 2014. It is formally owned by a company called M.E.E. Limited with a single director named Jamal Bessasso. Its editor-in-chief is David Hearst, a former foreign lead writer for The Guardian. It employs about 20 full-time staff in London as of 2017.
According to its critics, MEE began forming in London in 2013, as the Islamist influence of the Qatari state-funded Al Jazeera Media Network began to wane; several Al Jazeera journalists subsequently joined the project. Jonathan Powell, a senior executive at Al Jazeera, was a consultant ahead of its launch and registered the website's domain names. Bassasso, a Kuwait-born Palestinian living in London, who lists his nationality as Dutch at Companies House, was the sole director of MEE's parent company M.E.E. Limited, as well as company secretary for a few weeks in 2018. Bassasso was also a former director for the Hamas-controlled Al-Quds TV, which halted its operations in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon due to financial difficulties in 2019. Bessasso is listed as owning more than 75% of the shares and voting rights and has the right to appoint or remove directors. Hearst has denied that Bessasso is the owner of the news site, but refrained from divulging the real owner's identity.
According to American lawyer and policy analyst Ilan Berman and Emirati columnist Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi, MEE is backed by Qatar. The governments of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Bahrain have accused MEE of pro–Muslim Brotherhood bias and of receiving Qatari funding. During the Qatar diplomatic crisis with the Arab League, among the demands made to Qatar were that it halts its funding of Al Jazeera and of MEE and that both organizations be shut down. MEE later released a statement denying the accusations and saying that it is an independent organization that does not receive funding from any country or movement.

## Coverage

Middle East Eye covers a range of topics across the Middle East. According to its website, it reports on events in 22 different countries. Content is separated into different categories on its website including news, opinion and essays.
Since the foundation of the media outlet, it has provided exclusives on a number of major events in the Middle East, which have often been picked up by other media outlets globally. In early June 2017, an anonymous hacker group began distributing emails to multiple news outlets that they had hacked from the inbox of Yousef Otaiba, the Emirati ambassador in Washington D.C. This included providing details from leaked emails of Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman and American officials. This revelation on 14 August 2017, led to other media outlets printing other material from the leaked emails. According to The New York Times, the hacked emails appeared to benefit Qatar and be the work of hackers working for Qatar, a common subject of the distributed emails.
On 29 July 2016, MEE published a story alleging that the government of the United Arab Emirates, aided by Palestinian exile Mohammed Dahlan, had funnelled significant sums of money to conspirators of the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt two weeks earlier. In 2017, Dahlan brought a lawsuit of libel against the MEE in a London court seeking damages of up to £250,000. However, Dahlan abandoned the suit shortly before the case was to begin. In a statement, Dahlan maintained that the story was "fully fabricated" but claimed that he has "achieved his goals in the English courts," and was now planning to sue Facebook in Dublin where the article was "widely published". However, according to MEE and their lawyers, by dropping the claim, Dahlan would be forced to pay all the legal costs, of both parties, estimated to be in excess of £500,000.
In November 2019, the Turkish government officially accused Dahlan of involvement in the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt and is offering $700,000 for information leading to his capture.

## Controversies
### Blocking in Middle Eastern countries

In 2016, the United Arab Emirates blocked the MEE countrywide. MEE says it contacted the UAE embassy in London for an explanation, but received no response.
Following protests against the President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in September and October 2019, Egypt also blocked the website.

### 2015 Accusation of aiding terrorism

In 2015, Egypt's Dar Al-Ifta's Fatwa Monitoring Observatory accused MEE of acting as a front for terrorist organizations. The observatory claimed that MEE disseminated false reports to tarnish Egypt's reputation and supported groups like the Muslim Brotherhood.

### 2017–2018 Qatar diplomatic crisis

Saudi Arabia accused MEE of being a news outlet funded by Qatar (both directly and indirectly). On 22 June 2017, during the Qatar diplomatic crisis, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt, and Bahrain, as part of a list of 13 demands, demanded that Qatar close Middle East Eye, which they saw as sympathetic to the Muslim Brotherhood and a Qatari-funded and aligned outlet.

#### Accusations of Qatari backing

MEE denies receiving funds from them stating that the demand was an attempt to "extinguish any free voice which dares to question what they are doing." In a statement responding to the demand, the publication's editor-in-chief said "MEE covers the area without fear or favour, and we have carried reports critical of the Qatari authorities, for instance how workers from the subcontinent are treated on building projects for the 2022 World Cup."
Commentator Ibrahim Alkhamis, writing for the Saudi Arabian newspaper Arab News, accused the MEE of propagating rumours and fabrications regarding Qatar's state enemies such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt, while simultaneously remaining silent on the misdeeds of Qatar's own members of its royal family, and said that MEE functions as an "extension to Al Jazeera" without being accused of being a state-owned news outlet yet hosting a rotation of columnists and Al Jazeera employees.

### 2020 cyberattack

In April 2020, MEE was one of 20 websites targeted by hackers that cybersecurity experts, ESET, have linked to an Israeli surveillance company called Candiru. The website was impacted using a Watering hole attack which serves malicious code to certain visitors, allowing the attackers to compromise their PCs.

### 2022 Antisemitism controversy

In October 2022, MEE faced scrutiny when it was revealed that Shatha Hammad, a Palestinian Arab journalist associated with the outlet, had made antisemitic remarks on social media in 2014, including praising Adolf Hitler. Following these revelations, MEE terminated its association with Hammad.

## Notable contributors

* Alistair Burt – British MP
* Ian Cobain – Senior Reporter for MEE
* Jonathan Cook – Journalist, Nazareth
* Ahmet Davutoglu – Former Prime Minister of Turkey
* Richard A. Falk – Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University
* Daniel Kawczynski – British MP
* Faisal Kutty – Canadian lawyer, law professor at Barry University and Osgoode Hall Law School and human rights activist
* Ali Lmrabet – Moroccan journalist, El Mundo
* Daniel Levy, former Israeli negotiator with the Palestinians
* Gideon Levy – Haaretz columnist
* Moncef Marzouki – former president of Tunisia
* Joseph Massad – professor, Columbia University
* Peter Oborne – former Daily Mail and Daily Telegraph columnist
* Madawi al-Rasheed – visiting professor at the Middle East Institute of the London School of Economics
* Sarah Leah Whitson – Human Rights Watch

### Jamal Khashoggi

Jamal Khashoggi wrote for MEE prior to joining The Washington Post.
According to a post on the MEE website, Khashoggi wrote for them over a period of two years. According to MEE, his op-eds were not credited to him at the time due to concerns for his safety because many of his articles for MEE are critical of Saudi Arabia and its policies, and Saudi Arabia's rift with Qatar. Khashoggi, a Washington Post columnist, was assassinated when he entered the Saudi consulate in Turkey on 2 October 2018. After initial denials, Saudi Arabia stated that he was killed by rogue assassins inside the consulate building with "premeditated intention".