OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Democracy in India

India is often considered to have the world's largest democracy. Elections in India started with the 1951–52 Indian general election. India was one of the first few countries in the world to adopt universal adult franchise right from independence, granting both men and women equal voting rights.
In recent years, under the premiership of Narendra Modi, India has experienced significant democratic backsliding. The Economist Democracy Index classifies India as a flawed democracy. The Freedom House classifies India as partly free.

## History
### Ancient history

Early Shakyas, Koliyas, Mallakas, and Licchavis claim assemblies open to wealthy men of certain class. Other saṅghas and gaṇas had councils of unelected nobles, which don't meet the standards of democracy. Greek historian Diodorus writes, two centuries after the time of Alexander the Great, about democratic states in India, but lacks evidence for elections, considering the word "democracy" around the 3rd century BCE could mean any autonomous state. In the 10th century, the election of local representatives for the village bodies during the Chola Empire is claimed in Vaikunda Perumal Temple's inscriptions.

### Independence from colonial rule

After nearly two centuries of British colonial rule—initially under the East India Company and later under direct governance by the British crown—India gained independence in 1947 following a nationalist anti-colonial movement. This movement was largely led by the Indian National Congress (INC; also known simply as the "Congress") and prominent figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. India emerged as a sovereign, democratic republic in 1950, with the adoption of the world's longest written constitution, and held its first general election between late 1951 and early 1952, implementing universal suffrage and drawing inspiration from the Westminster system. The Congress sweeped a landslide victory and Nehru was elected as the first prime minister of the country. This established India as the world's largest liberal democracy.

### Nehruvian era

After independence, the Congress became India's dominant political party, winning landslide victories in the 1957 and 1962 elections. Nehru became the country's longest-serving prime minister, holding the office for 16 years. Nehru's premiership embraced republicanism, secularism, social democracy, and non-alignment during the Cold War. The Indian caste system persisted, despite the outlawing of caste-based discrimination. The Congress also evolved into an increasingly clientelist party. While socialist government regulations expanded significantly in what became known as the License Raj, capitalism also consolidated. Nehru's leadership failed to satisfy the urban and rural poor, the unemployed, and the Hindu nationalists and fundamentalists.

## Reservations

India reserves 84 and 47 seats in the two houses of the Parliament respectively, for marginalized sections of society, as per Part XVI of the Constitution of India. In 2023, the Indian parliament passed the One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India, reserving 33% of Indian legislature for women.
# 1938 Oklahoma Sooners football team

The 1938 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1938 college football season. In their second year under head coach Tom Stidham, the Sooners compiled a 10–1 record (5–0 against conference opponents), won the school's first Big Six Conference football championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 185 to 29. The team's only loss came in the 1939 Orange Bowl, losing to Tennessee by a 17 to 0 score.
End Waddy Young (Walter R. Young) received All-America honors in 1938, and six Sooners received all-conference honors: Young, guards Jerry Bolton and Ralph Stevenson, backs Earl Crowder and Hugh McCullough, and tackle Gilford Duggan.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 1 | at Rice* | | Rice FieldHouston, TX | W 7–6 | 18,000 |
| October 8 | vs. Texas* | | Cotton BowlDallas, TX (rivalry) | W 13–0 | 20,000 |
| October 15 | at Kansas | | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | W 19–0 | |
| October 22 | Nebraska | No. 14 | Memorial StadiumNorman, OK (rivalry) | W 14–0 | 28,091 |
| October 29 | Tulsa* | No. 10 | Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | W 28–6 | 17,000 |
| November 5 | Kansas State | No. 11 | Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | W 26–0 | |
| November 12 | Missouri | No. 10 | Memorial StadiumNorman, OK (rivalry) | W 21–0 | |
| November 19 | at Iowa State | No. 7 | Clyde Williams StadiumAmes, IA | W 10–0 | 17,864 |
| November 26 | at Oklahoma A&M* | No. 6 | Lewis FieldStillwater, OK (Bedlam) | W 19–0 | |
| December 3 | at Washington State* | No. 5 | Memorial StadiumNorman, OK | W 28–0 | 15,529 |
| January 2, 1939 | vs. No. 2 Tennessee* | No. 4 | Burdine StadiumMiami, FL (Orange Bowl) | L 0–17 | 32,191 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game |||||||

## Rankings

The first AP poll for 1938 came out on October 17. The Sooners were ranked fourteenth in the first poll. They finished the year ranked fourth.
Ranking movements Legend: ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking ( ) = First-place votes :
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Final |
| AP | 14 | 10 | 11 | 10 (1) | 7 (1) | 6 | 5 | 4 |

## NFL draft

The following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL team |
| 3 | 20 | Waddy Young | End | Brooklyn Dodgers |
| 4 | 26 | Hugh McCullough | Back | Pittsburgh Pirates |
| 10 | 82 | Earl Crowder | Quarterback | Chicago Cardinals |
| 12 | 102 | Jim Thomas | Guard | Chicago Cardinals |
| 15 | 140 | Cliff Duggan | Tackle | New York Giants |
# Jordan Branch (Saint Johns Creek tributary)

Jordan Branch (also called Jordan Creek) is a stream in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Saint Johns Creek.
The stream headwaters arise at and it flows north-northeast passing under US Route 50 approximately six miles west of Union. It continues to the north-northeast for approximately two miles to its confluence with Saint Johns Creek at .
Jordan Branch most likely takes its name from the Jordan River, in West Asia.
# Abdul Rehman (Kenyan cricketer)

Abdul Tashfin Rehman (born 23 June 1980) is a Pakistani-born Kenyan former cricketer.
Abdul Rehman was born at Lahore in the Pakistani province of Punjab in June 1980. He later emigrated to Kenya, where he played club cricket for Kenya Kongonis Cricket Club. In November 2011, he toured Namibia with Kenya and played in four Twenty20 matches against the Namibia national cricket team at Windhoek, Playing as a bowler, Abdul Rehman took 5 wickets in his four matches, with best figures of 3 for 21. As a batsman, he scored 11 runs with a highest score of 6. Abdul Rehman later played club cricket for Sir Ali Muslim Club.
# 1940 Oklahoma Sooners football team

The 1940 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1940 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach Tom Stidham, the Sooners compiled a 6–3 record (4–1 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the Big Six Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 121 to 105.
No Sooners received All-America honors in 1940, but four Sooners received all-conference honors: tackle Roger Eason, end Bill Jennings, guard Harold Lahar, and back John Martin.
Oklahoma was ranked at No. 45 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| October 5 | vs. Oklahoma A&M* | Taft StadiumOklahoma City, OK (Bedlam) | W 29–27 | |
| October 12 | vs. Texas* | Cotton BowlDallas, TX (rivalry) | L 16–19 | 35,000 |
| October 19 | Kansas State | Owen FieldNorman, OK | W 14–0 | |
| October 26 | at Iowa State | Clyde Williams StadiumAmes, IA | W 20–7 | 11,424 |
| November 2 | No. 12 Nebraska | Owen FieldNorman, OK (rivalry) | L 0–13 | 33,377 |
| November 9 | at Kansas | Memorial StadiumLawrence, KS | W 13–0 | 5,000 |
| November 16 | Missouri | Owen FieldNorman, OK (rivalry) | W 7–0 | |
| November 23 | Temple* | Owen FieldNorman, OK | W 9–6 | 7,000 |
| November 30 | at No. 15 Santa Clara* | Kezar StadiumSan Francisco, CA | L 13–33 | 5,000 |
| *Non-conference gameRankings from AP Poll released prior to the game ||||||

## NFL draft

The following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL team |
| 9 | 79 | Hal Lahar | Guard | Chicago Bears |
| 14 | 128 | Johnny Martin | Back | Chicago Bears |
# Pryors Branch

Pryors Branch is a stream in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Big Berger Creek.
Pryors Branch most likely has the name of William Pryor, a pioneer settler.
# Chunjianglu station

Chunjianglu station (Chinese: 春江路站), is a station of Line S3 of the Nanjing Metro. It started operations on 6 December 2017.
# Sudhindra Bhaumik

Sudhindra Bhaumik (born 22 April 1946) is a vocalist of the Agra Gharana.

## Early life

He was born in 1946 in Bangalore, Karnataka where he learned for many years under Ramarao Naik.he belongs from Bengali family.Near relative of Pandit ji is living Kolkata Barasat areas

## Career

He continued to learn under S.C.R Bhatt, K. G. Ginde and Dinkar Kaikini. Bhaumik also learned from Thumri singer Shobha Gurtu and have received guidance under Y.M. Mahale, another veteran of the Agra Gharana.famus singer Kunal Ganjawala Learn music from Pandit ji for few years. Pandit ji also teaches many Junior singer in Kolkata Like Chiranjit Malakar etc.
# Tammy O'Rourke

Tammy Lorraine O'Rourke (born September 30, 1971) is an ex American former child actress, known for her appearances in film and television during the late 1970s and 1980s. She is the older sister of Heather O'Rourke, the actress famous for playing Carol Anne Freeling in the Poltergeist film series. Tammy also appeared in a documentary called Heather O'Rourke She Was Here

## Early Life

Tammy O'Rourke was born in San Diego, California, United States. She grew up in a family with a strong connection to the entertainment industry. Her younger sister, Heather O'Rourke, became a well-known child actress, gaining widespread recognition for her role in Poltergeist (1982).

## Career

Tammy began her career as a child actress in the late 1970s, appearing in minor television roles and commercials. One of her earliest notable roles was a guest appearance on the popular sitcom Happy Days. She continued to work in television, securing small roles in shows such as CHiPs. In 1982, Tammy appeared as a background dancer in the hit musical film Annie, which remains one of her most recognized performances. Although her acting career was relatively short-lived, she made multiple television appearances throughout the decade before stepping away from the industry.

## Personal Life

O'Rourke gained additional media attention following the tragic death of her sister, Heather, in 1988 at the age of 12 due to an acute bowel obstruction. Despite the family's loss, Tammy maintained a private life away from the spotlight.

## Filmography

Happy Days (1974) - dancer
Pennies from heaven (1981) - no credit
Annie (1982) - dancer
Believe you can...And you can! (1983) - herself
# Niš Military Hospital

The Military Hospital Niš (Serbian: Војна болница Ниш, Vojna bolnica Niš), located in Niš, Serbia, is a healthcare institution under the Serbian Armed Forces, serving as a teaching base for the Faculty of Medicine in Niš. It provides primary and secondary (specialist) healt hcare, along with certain tertiary (subspecialist) services, catering to both military and civilian beneficiaries. The hospital operates across seven inpatient departments, offering a total of 300 beds.
Established on January 11, 1878, shortly after Niš was liberated from Ottoman rule, the Military Hospital was initially the only healthcare facility in the city until 1881. Due to the high number of patients and injured individuals at the time, it functioned across two locations, one of which was near the Skull Tower, along the road to Pirot, where the hospital remains to this day.
Recognized as one of Serbia’s oldest medical and military institutions, the Military Hospital Niš has played a significant role in the development of healthcare in the Niš region and beyond. Over its history, the hospital has operated through nine wars, contributing to the evolution of medical services in the area.
# Rapterra

Rapterra is an upcoming steel launched wing roller coaster at Kings Dominion in Doswell, Virginia. Once open, it will become the world's tallest and longest-launched wing roller coaster.

## History
### Removal of Volcano

Volcano: The Blast Coaster was an inverted launched coaster that operated at the park from 1998 to early 2018, situated inside of the preceding Smurf Mountain structure. In February 2019, Kings Dominion announced that Volcano had been decommissioned, citing issues with reliability, rider capacity, and overall customer satisfaction. By May of the same year, the entire attraction had been fully demolished.
The removal of Volcano left a sizable empty site in the park, sparking discussions for a replacement as early as 2019; it was then that Bolliger & Mabillard first drafted a wing coaster layout for the land. However, the park's closure during 2020 per the COVID-19 pandemic and retirement of The Crypt after the 2019 season contributed to Tumbili taking priority as a replacement for the latter. The coaster opened in March 2022, bringing with it the reimagining of Safari Village as Jungle X-Pedition and thematic foundation for future attractions.

### Preparation & Construction

Plans were submitted to Hanover County, Virginia in December 2023 for the construction of Amendment 47, a new roller coaster project to be located where Volcano: The Blast Coaster previously stood. Construction had already commenced when the park opened for the season in March 2023, with groundwork in full swing and the first concrete foundations being poured.
Roller coaster steel – including track and supports – began arriving at the end of May, with the first piece of brake run being placed on June 18, 2024. The tallest point of the ride was topped off at 8:22am on July 28 and the final track piece set in place on September 6, eighty days after installation began.

### Announcement

Kings Dominion began promoting their mystery attraction during construction, with various teasers and clues gradually appearing around its work fences. On July 31, 2024, Kings Dominion officially announced Rapterra for the 2025 season.

## Ride Experience

After leaving the station and a small right hand turn, the train stops in the launch track. The trains are then launched to 65 mph in 4 seconds, and they enter a 145ft "wingover turn". Following is a 119ft dive loop alongside the station. After a 90ft s-turn over the launch track, the train turns back around going through a "wing slide" over the pathway. Heading into the back of the layout, it goes through a corkscrew and airtime hill, before finshing the ride with a 360° "raptor roll" and right turn into the brakes.

## Characteristics

Rapterra will be 145 feet (44 m) tall, 3,086 feet (941 m) long, and reaches a top speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) throughout the ride. The coaster will run two 20-passenger trains, arranging riders in 5 rows with a pair on each side.
# Abdul Samad (Pakistani cricketer)

Syed Mohammad Abdul Samad (born 25 January 1998) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his List A debut for Pakistan International Airlines in the 2016–17 Departmental One Day Cup on 17 December 2016. He made his first-class debut for Faisalabad in the 2017–18 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy on 26 September 2017.
In April 2018, he was named in Punjab's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. He made his Twenty20 debut for Faisalabad Region on 24 November 2023.
In March 2025, he was named in Pakistan national cricket team squad for the away tour of New Zealand. On 16 March 2025, he made his T20I debut against New Zealand at Hagley Oval, during the first match of the tour.
# Christian Richter (painter)

Christian Richter (1678–1732) was a Swedish miniature-painter and copyist, active mainly in England.

## Life
### Family

Christian Richter was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1678 (although some sources suggest a birth date of c. 1682), the son of the silversmith Hans Davidson Richter (died 1695), assessor of the Stockholm Goldsmiths' corporation, and Brita Bengtsdotter Selling. He came from a family of artists and craftsmen, and his brothers included the landscape painter Johann Richter and the medallist Bengt Richter. The latter visited England for a short time, when he executed a set of medals of the members of the Swedish Club; some specimens of these are in the British Museum.

### Training

Christian Richter's father had intended to enter him on the goldsmiths' lists but died in 1695 before this could be arranged. His mother entered his name that same year, however, and he appears to have worked for his relation Frantz Boll. He was discharged as a journeyman in 1698, after less than three years, and with his brother Bengt went to study medal engraving under Arvid Karlsteen. Around this time he took up portrait-painting, especially in miniature and enamel, and may have learnt to paint from Karlsteen (who occasionally painted miniatures) or perhaps with Elias Brenner, the leading Swedish miniaturist of his time. Wilhelm Nisser noted that Richter's 1701 miniature of the Stockholm merchant Samuel Worster 'betrays a very great capacity'.
Richter afterwards visited Berlin and then went on to Dresden, where he had good introductions from Karlsteen. There he modelled a wax portrait of Augustus II, although his hope of an appointment at the court of Saxony was disappointed, and he left for London.

### London

Richter arrived in London some time between 1702 and 1704. There he met his compatriots the painters Hans Huysing and Michael Dahl, and the enamellist Charles Boit. Richter was patronised by Dahl, whose manner he imitated. His skill in producing small limned copies of Dahl's and Huysing's oil paintings would undoubtedly have further promoted their reputations. According to George Vertue, the engraver and antiquary, Richter became an excellent copyist of Dahl's works, and also those of Vandyck, Lely, and Kneller.
He had some skill as an original miniature-painter, but was hampered in his art by ill-health. Vertue described Richter's style: 'his Manner of Painting very tender and Curious, his tincts had a great variety his pencil regular and neat, his lines of drawing very just & toucht with freedom'.

### Death

He died in November 1732, aged 50, and was buried in the churchyard of St. James's, Westminster.

## Works

* View of AbergavennyOxfordshire (Wroxton Abbey): Viscountess Tyrconnel (1709, miniature)
* Amsterdam: miniature copied after Vandyck
* London (National Portrait Gallery): Stephen Duck (c. 1740, watercolour and gouache/vellum, miniature, attributed)
* London (Victoria and Albert Museum): Lady Margaret Bagot
* London (Wallace Collection): Portrait of Cromwell (miniature, after Samuel Cooper)
* Stockholm (Nationalmus.): Portrait of Samuel Worster; Duchess of Marlborough.
# Abdul Nasir (Balochistan cricketer)

Abdul Nasir (born 25 December 1998) is a Pakistani cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 20 February 2020, for Quetta Gladiators in the 2020 Pakistan Super League.

## Early life

Abdul Nasir was born on 25 December 1998 in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
# Matthias Felleisen

Matthias Felleisen is a German-American computer science professor and author. He grew up in Germany and immigrated to the US in his twenties. He received his PhD from Indiana University Bloomington under the direction of Daniel P. Friedman.
After serving as professor for 14 years in the Computer Science Department of Rice University, Felleisen joined the Khoury College of Computer Sciences at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts as Trustee Professor.
Felleisen's interests include programming languages, including programming tools, program design, software contracts, and many more. In the 1990s, Felleisen launched PLT and TeachScheme! (later ProgramByDesign and eventually giving rise to the Bootstrap project ) with the goal of teaching program-design principles to beginners and to explore the use of Scheme to produce large systems. As part of this effort, he authored How to Design Programs (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (MIT Press), 2001) with Robert Bruce Findler, Matthew Flatt, and Shriram Krishnamurthi.

## Awards and honors

Felleisen gave the keynote addresses at the 2011 Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, 2010 International Conference on Functional Programming, 2004 European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming and the 2001 Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, and several other conferences and workshops on computer science.
In 2006, he was inducted as a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). In 2009, he received the Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award from the ACM. In 2010, he received the SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education from the ACM. In 2012, he received the ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Achievement Award for "significant and lasting contribution to the field of programming languages" including small-step operational semantics for control and state, mixin classes and mixin modules, a fully abstract semantics for Sequential PCF, web programming techniques, higher-order contracts with blame, and static typing for dynamic languages. In 2018, Felleisen received the ACM SIGPLAN's Programming Languages Software Award (jointly with the rest of the Racket core team).

## Books

Felleisen co-authored:
* Realm of Racket. No Starch Press. 2013. ISBN 978-1593274917.
* Semantics Engineering with PLT Redex. MIT Press. 2009. ISBN 978-0-262-06275-6.
* How to Design Programs (2nd ed.). MIT Press. 2018. 1st ed. 2001.
* A Little Java, A Few Patterns. MIT Press. 1998. ISBN 0-262-56115-8.
* The Little MLer. MIT Press. 1998. ISBN 0-262-56114-X.
* The Little Schemer (4th ed.). MIT Press. 1996. ISBN 0-262-56099-2.
* The Seasoned Schemer. MIT Press. 1996. ISBN 0-262-56100-X.
* The Little Lisper. MIT Press. 1987. ISBN 0-262-56038-0.