OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Page Wood baronets

The Wood, later Page Wood Baronetcy, of Hatherley House in the County of Gloucester, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 December 1837 for Matthew Wood, Lord Mayor of London from 1815 to 1817 and Whig Member of Parliament for the City of London from 1817 to 1843. The fifth Baronet assumed the additional surname of Page. Two other members of the family have also gained distinction. William Wood, 1st Baron Hatherley, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1868 to 1872, was the second son of the first Baronet while Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood was the fifth son of the second Baronet. Also, Katharine O'Shea, known for her relationship with Charles Stewart Parnell, was the daughter of the second Baronet. The theosophist and political activist Annie Besant (born Annie Wood), was the great-granddaughter of the 1st Baronet's father.

## Wood baronets, of Hatherley House (1837)

* Sir Matthew Wood, 1st Baronet (1768–1843)
* Rev Sir John Page Wood, 2nd Baronet (1796–1866)
* Sir Francis Wood, 3rd Baronet (1834–1868)
* Sir Matthew Wood, 4th Baronet (1857–1908)
* Sir John Page Wood, 5th Baronet (1860–1912)
* Sir John Stuart Page Wood, 6th Baronet (1898–1955)
* Sir John Hatherley David Page Wood, 7th Baronet (1921–1955)
* Sir Anthony John Page Wood, 8th Baronet (born 1951)
The heir presumptive is Mark William Wood (born 1940), a kinsman of the present holder. His heir apparent is his only son, Martin Wood (born 1963).

## Heraldry

The 1st Baronet was descended from the Wood family of Hareston in the parish of Brixton in Devon, which the family had inherited by marriage to the heiress of the Carslake family. The Page-Wood baronets quarter the arms of Carslake Argent, a bull's head erased sable.
# Francisco Gutiérrez (painter)

Francisco Ángel Gutiérrez Carreola (1904–1945) was a Mexican painter. He was a Mexican impressionist and modern artist, and his works have a surrealist influence.

## Biography

Gutiérrez Carreola was born in the state of Oaxaca in a poor family. He was working in the lithography department of the Clemente Jacques food company, and in 1929 went to Mexico City to study art at the Central School of Plastic Arts (Old Academy of San Carlos). He studied there under Isidoro Ocampo, Germán Gedovius, and Francisco Díaz de León. Simultaneously, he got a job at the library of the Academy of Fine Arts which was poorly paid. One of the orders he got in the 1930s was to paint murals in Jalapa, Veracruz, together with Feliciano Peña. In Jalapa, he also opened an art school.
Gutiérrez Carreola had one-man exhibitions in 1932 and 1938. His health deteriorated in the 1940s because of an ear infection, which eventually caused his death in 1945.
Paintings by Gutiérrez Carreola have surrealist flavor and also were influenced by cubist works by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, as well as by abstractionist and symbolist painting. In 2005, 60 years after the death of the artist, a big retrospective exhibition was shown at Museo Nacional de Arte.
# Tryon's Rat Experiment

Tryon's Rat Experiment is a psychology experiment conducted by Robert Tryon in 1940 and published in the Yearbook of the National Society for Studies in Education. The study is seen as a landmark in the nature versus nurture debate.

## Experiment set-up

Prior to Robert Tryon’s study of Selective breeding in rats, concluded in 1942, many psychologists believed that environmental, rather than genetic, differences produced individual behavioral variations. Tryon sought to demonstrate that genetic traits often did, in fact, contribute to behavior. To do so, Tryon created an experiment that tested the proficiency of successive generations of rats in completing a maze. He initiated the experiment by exposing a genetically diverse group of rats to the maze, labeling those who made the fewest errors “bright”, and those with the most errors “dull”. Tryon then mated the “bright” males with “bright” females, and “dull” males with “dull” females. After their children matured, Tryon repeated the maze test with them, and again separated the “bright” and the “dull”, again breeding “bright” with “bright” and “dull” with “dull”. Tryon continued this process for seven generations, creating two distinct breeds of “bright” and “dull” rats. In order to demonstrate that behavior had little effect on the genetically selectively bred rats, and lessen the chance of error when making his conclusions, Tryon cross-fostered the rats—that is, he had a “dull” mother raise “bright” children, and vice versa. The independent variables in his experiment were the parental pairings, the choice of environment and parents for upbringing, and number of rats put through the maze. The dependent variable was the number of errors made by the rats in 19 trials of the maze.

## Implications and conclusions

Although Tryon's results showed that the "bright" rats made significantly fewer errors in the maze than the "dull" rats did, questions persist on what other sensory, motor, motivational, and learning processes also influenced the results of the experiment. Common misconceptions of this experiment and other similar experiments are the observed change in the performance in the maze directly correlating with general learning ability. It has become a widely accepted belief among behavior geneticists that the superiority of the bright rats may have been confined to Tryon's specific test; thus, the results may not necessarily be due to a difference in learning capacity between the two groups of rats. Genetic variation, such as better peripheral vision, can make some rats "bright" and others "dull", but it does not determine their intelligence. Nonetheless, Tryon's famous rat-maze experiment demonstrated that the difference between rat performances had a prominent genetic factor since their environments were adequately controlled and identical.
# Philza

Phillip Watson (born 1 March 1988), known online as Philza or Ph1LzA, is an English Twitch streamer and YouTuber. He is known for his Minecraft hardcore series, where he plays the game on its most difficult setting, with permadeath (one life per game) and no respawns. Watson also formerly held the world record for the longest-running Minecraft hardcore world. As of May 2024, he had 4.3 million followers on Twitch.

## Early life

Phillip Watson was born on 1 March 1988. He is from Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
He worked in a retail job for more than a decade while making content on Twitch and YouTube before quitting his job to become a full-time content creator.

## Career
### 2006–2013: Early career

Watson created his YouTube account in 2006 and started his channel by uploading Halo 2 and Skate 2 content. He created his Twitch (then Justin.tv) account "Philza" in 2009.

### 2014–2019: Minecraft hardcore series and initial growth

In 2014, Watson started his Minecraft hardcore series, playing the game in its most difficult setting with increased mobs difficulty, permadeath (one life per game), and no respawns. The series garnered significant attention in April 2019 when Watson's then-world-record five-year hardcore run ended due to a surprise attack by a fully enchanted golden-armoured baby zombie, a spider, and a skeleton. Watson has described this event as a turning point in his career, propelling him from an average viewership of 5–15 per stream to roughly 180 viewers on Twitch. The success of the series ultimately led him to leave his retail job and pursue content creation full-time.
On 26 July 2019, Watson was featured in the official Minecraft series Meet a Minecrafter.

### 2020–present: Continued growth

In October 2021, Watson appeared in the Twitch leaks, which disclosed the top Twitch streamers' revenue from August 2019 to October 2021. Watson placed 47th on the list, with a reported payout of $1,364,215.61 for this time period.
In 2023, Watson, along with fellow Twitch streamers and YouTubers TommyInnit, Wilbur Soot, Slimecicle, and Ranboo, started a new comedy group YouTube channel called The Sorry Boys. The channel mainly posted sketch comedy group vlog content. The group went on an indefinite hiatus in March 2024.

## Philanthropy

In September 2021, Watson participated in a charity livestream fundraising event organized by fellow streamer and YouTuber Technoblade. The event featured a Minecraft game where Watson served as one of the "hunters" tasked with pursuing Technoblade. They managed to raise more than $324,000 for the Sarcoma Foundation of America.

## Personal life

Watson met his wife, Kristin Rosales, an American, on Twitch and began dating. They were married on 12 March 2020, at the Old Orange County Courthouse in Santa Ana, California.

## Filmography
### Web

| Year(s) | Title | Role | Episodes | Ref. |
| 2019 | Meet a Minecrafter | Himself | 1 | |
# Otto Hindrich

Otto Hindrich (born 5 August 2002) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga I club CFR Cluj.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of match played 15 March 2025
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition :
| Club | Season | League | League | League | National Cup | National Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| CFR Cluj | 2019–20 | Liga I | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| CFR Cluj | 2021–22 | Liga I | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| CFR Cluj | 2023–24 | Liga I | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| CFR Cluj | 2024–25 | Liga I | 18 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 21 | 0 |
| CFR Cluj | Total | Total | 38 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 0 |
| ASU Politehnica Timișoara (loan) | 2020–21 | Liga II | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 0 |
| Kisvárda (loan) | 2022–23 | Nemzeti Bajnokság I | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 25 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 81 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 0 |

## Personal life

Hindrich stems from a Transylvanian Saxon family.

## Honours

CFR Cluj
* Liga I: 2019–20, 2021–22
# Menhirs of Lavajo

The Menhirs of Lavajo (Portuguese: Menires de Lavajo) are a group of menhirs, located in the civil parish of Alcoutim e Pereiro in the municipality of Alcoutim, Portuguese Algarve.

## History

These structures are territorial marks or define sacred spaces from the Late Neolithic or Chalcolithic period constructed sometime between 3500 and 2800 BC.
The first excavations in 1998 revealed the existence of not only the large menhir, but fragments of the two small menhirs. These menhirs raised the possibility that the group was an intentional alignment of these structures. One of these structures were eventually stored in the archaeological museum in Alcoutim.

## Architecture

A rural group, located on a small 155 metres (509 ft) hilltop, between the Lavajo valley and the ravine of the same name. The area is encircled by fence.
Part of an aligned group of megalithic religious structures. Consists of three carved menhirs, with the largest decorated with carvings and circles. The largest (Lavajo I) is 3.14 metres (10.3 ft) high, dark grey phallic-form structure, with its surface stained in brown. Its carvings combine decoration arranged along a longitudinal groove, with circles and other elements. The other two menhirs (Lavajo II) located 250 metres (820 ft), decorated in a similar fashion, with one decorated by perforated circle.
# Union Grounds (St. Louis)

Union Grounds, also known as Union Base Ball Park, was a baseball grounds in St. Louis, Missouri. It was home to the St. Louis Maroons of the Union Association during the 1884 season and the Maroons entry in the National League in 1885 and 1886.
Both the Union Association and the St. Louis Maroons were the brainchild of Henry Lucas, and local newspapers often called the venue "the Lucas Park" or just "Lucas Park". Even after the Maroons joined the National League, local papers continued to call the venue "Union Park" most of the time.
The ballpark was bounded by Jefferson Avenue (west, first base); Howard Street (north, third base); 25th Street (east, left field); and Cass Avenue (south, right field). Mullanphy Street was later cut through what was once right and center fields.
After the Maroons moved to Indianapolis, Union Park continued to be used for local amateur baseball and other sports, during 1887 and part of 1888. In August 1888, the ballpark's stands were demolished and the land was eventually sold to developers.
Beginning in 2019, the ballpark site and several adjacent city blocks were cleared off to make room for a National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency facility.
# Light Aid Detachment

A Light Aid Detachment is an attached independent minor unit of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Royal Australian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, or Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment operating as a sub-unit of the supported unit. These units provide dedicated logistic support to every field unit of the Australian Army, British Army, Canadian Army or New Zealand Army. RAEME, REME, RCEME and the NZEME were created in October 1942 out of elements of the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps, Royal Army Ordnance Corps, Royal Engineers, Royal Corps of Signals, Royal Army Service Corps Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps and the New Zealand Ordnance Corps who previously handled functions such as the repair of weapons, optics and vehicles.
In the RCEME LADs were divisions of larger units known as Workshops. In the British Army the title Workshop (Wksp) is used both for major REME units (Field for Brigades or Armoured for Divisions) and for those minor units which provide some 2nd Line support to the parent regiment. The term LAD is therefore restricted to only those minor REME units which solely provide 1st Line support, typically this is Armour and Infantry units. REME minor units supporting RA, R Signals, RE, RLC etc. are normally titled as Wksp as they also provide some degree of 2nd line support to the parent unit.
Typically composed of around 60-80 personnel they are attached to a host battalion. Typical field deployment would split the LAD/Wksp into a regimental "B Echelon" contingent of about 30 men and 4 "fitter sections" of about 7-12 men, each of which is attached to a company/squadron. The fitter sections are part of the A Echelon HQ of the company/squadron. This average configuration does, of course, vary widely dependent on the parent unit and their equipment.
# Hu Huanyong

Hu Huanyong (simplified Chinese: 胡焕庸; traditional Chinese: 胡煥庸, November 20, 1901 – April 30, 1998) was a Chinese demographer and the founder of China's population geography.

## Biography

He was born in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. He studied literature, history, and geography at Nanjing Higher Normal School. He continued his education at the University of Paris from 1926 to 1928. He returned to China and began teaching at National Central University where he was eventually appointed dean of the Department of Geography. He began teaching at East China Normal University (ECNU) in Shanghai in 1953, and in 1957 he became director of the research office of population geography at ECNU (which he helped to establish), the first demographic research institution in China.
In a paper published in 1934 entitled, "Distribution of China's Population," he drew the Heihe-Tengchong Line, also called the Aihun (or Aigun, ancient name of Heihe)-Tengchong Line, which is known internationally as the "Hu Line." The line marks a striking difference in the distribution of China's population.
# JSS

JSS may refer to:

## Arts and media

* "JSS" (The Walking Dead), a 2015 episode of the American TV series
* Journal of the Siam Society, published in Thailand

## Businesses and organisations

* Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy, an Indian political party
* Japan Statistical Society, a learned society
* Jet Stream International (airline code: JSS), a Pakistani airline
* Jönköpings SS, a Swedish swimming club
* Joyson Safety Systems, an American automotive company

## Education

* James Striar School of General Jewish Studies
* Japanese School of Suzhou, China
* Junior Solar Sprint, United States
* Jurong Secondary School, Singapore

## Military

* Joint Security Stations, components of 2007's Operation Imposing Law in Iraq
* Joint support ship, a multi-role naval vessel
* Joint Surveillance System, a USAF and FAA system for the atmospheric air defense of North America
* Protecteur-class auxiliary vessel (previously the Joint Support Ship Project), naval auxiliaries for the Royal Canadian Navy

## Other uses

* Network Security Services for Java (JSS), a programming library component
# Anthracothema

Anthracothema was a genus of extinct artiodactyl ungulate mammals that lived in Myanmar during the late Eocene.

## Taxonomy

Ducrocq (1999) and Tsubamoto et al. (2002) considered Anthracothema a synonym of Anthracotherium. However, Lihoreau et al. (2004) and Scherler et al. (2018) rejected the synonymy, with the latter recovering it as sister to Myaingtherium and Siamotherium.
# Hiroshi Umemura (mathematician)

Hiroshi Umemura was a Japanese mathematician and professor at Nagoya University in the field of algebraic geometry and differential equations.

## Biography

Umemura was born in Nagoya in 1944. He graduated from Nagoya University in 1967. At the beginning of his career, Umemura studied the subgroups of the Cremona group. In the 1980s, while visiting the University of Strasbourg, he began studying Painlevé equations, particularly Galois theory. In 1996, Umemura wrote his first of multiple papers on Galois theory, which was influential in the community surrounding Painlevé equations in Japan. Umemura died on March 8, 2019. At the time, he had been working on an article titled Toward Quantization of Galois Theory with fellow mathematicians Akira Masuoka and Katsunori Saito. The article was published posthumously in 2020.
# List of Brazilian films of 1933

A list of films produced in Brazil in 1933:
| Title | Director | Cast | Genre |
| A Voz do Carnaval | Adhemar Gonzaga, Humberto Mauro | Pablo Palitos, Paulo de Oliveira Gonçalves, Elsa Moreno | Musical comedy |
| Ganga Bruta | Humberto Mauro | Durval Bellini, Dea Selva, Lu Marival | Drama |
| Honra e ciúmes | Antonio Tibiriçá | Antonio Sorrentino, Amanda Leilop, Antonio Tibiriçá | Drama |
| Onde a Terra Acaba | Octavio Gabus Mendes | Carmen Santos, Celso Montenegro, Augusta Guimarães | Drama |
# Miriam Moffatt

Miriam Fleur Moffatt FRSB MAE is a British physician who is a professor of respiratory genetics at Imperial College London. She serves as the deputy director of the National Centre for Mesothelioma Research where her research investigates the genetics of asthma, thoraic cancers and atopic dermatitis.

## Early life and education

Moffatt studied microbiology at the University of Reading. She moved to the University of Oxford, where she worked on the genetics of asthma, and was awarded a PhD in 1993 for genetic analysis of atopy.

## Research and career

After her PhD, she was awarded a Junior Research Fellowship at Green Templeton College, Oxford. Moffatt started her academic career on the faculty at the University of Oxford. She was made a research lecturer, and eventually a Reader in Genetics. At Oxford, she led the first microsatellite screen for asthma associated traits. She moved to Imperial College London in 2005, where she joined the National Heart and Lung Institute. She was named a Personal Chair in Respiratory Genetics in 2008. Her research looks to understand why certain people are predisposed to asthma and atopic dermatitis. She develops candidate gene approaches to genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
A Moffatt GWAS of childhood asthma identified Ormdl sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3, an asthma predisposition locus on chromosome 17q12. This locus has the strongest genetic association with childhood asthma, and makes children susceptible to asthma exacerbations. She conducted a 26,000 person GWAS in seventeen countries, which showed that variants at the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus were associated with childhood-onset disease.
Moffatt looks to design diagnostic tools that use DNA sequencing to understand lung bacteria, then identify antibiotics that target specific bacteria (so-called narrow-spectrum antibiotics).

### Selected publications

Her publications include:
* Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
* Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
* Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses

### Awards and honours

Moffatt was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (FRSB) and the Member of the Academia Europaea (MAE) in 2020.
# Alpine states

The Alpine states or Alpine countries are eight countries associated with the Alpine region, as defined by the Alpine Convention of 1991: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland.

## Nations

* Austria
* France
* Germany
* Italy
* Liechtenstein
* Monaco
* Slovenia
* Switzerland

## Territory

The territory includes 83 NUTS 3-level local administrative divisions and about 6,200 municipalities.
In a narrow sense, the term "Alpine states" could be applied to Austria (28.7% of the total area), Italy (27.2%), and France (21.4%), which represent more than 77% of the Alpine territory and more than three quarters of the Alpine population. However, for larger countries like Italy and France, the share of their territory within the Alpine region only amounts to 17% and 7%, respectively. From a strictly national point of view, and with the exception of microstates Liechtenstein and Monaco, the Alps are dominant in only two countries: Austria (65.5% of its territory) and Switzerland (65%).

## Diplomacy

The diplomatic status between these countries varies depending on their individual relationships with each other. Many of these countries are members of the European Union (EU) and have close diplomatic ties with each other through this regional organization. The EU has helped to facilitate greater cooperation and integration among the Alpine states in various areas, such as trade, transportation, and environmental policy.
There are also several bilateral agreements and treaties between these countries, covering issues such as border security, trade, and cultural exchange. In addition, these countries work together through various regional and international organizations, including the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.