OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Robert J. Mears

Robert J. Mears is an English physicist and engineer. In the 1980s, Dr. Mears invented and demonstrated the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) with the help of members of the Optoelectronics Research Group led by Alec Gambling and David Payne. In 2001 he founded Atomera, and as CTO led the invention and development of Mears Silicon Technology (MST), a method for improving the mobility and other characteristics of semiconductor devices. Mears has authored and co-authored more than 250 publications and patents, and is co-inventor of 46 granted US patents. He is an Emeritus Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

## Education

Mears graduated with a BA(1982), MA(1986) in physics from Oxford University. In 1982, he moved to Southampton University to study for the PhD degree. There he conceived and demonstrated the first EDFA and various fibre lasers. Mears was awarded the PhD degree in 1987 for his thesis entitled “Development of rare-earth doped fibre lasers and amplifiers”. He was elected to the Maudslay Research Fellowship at Pembroke College, Cambridge in May 1987 and the following year was elected to the faculty of Cambridge University Engineering Department, later being appointed Reader in Photonics. He founded Atomera (formerly known as Mears Technologies) in 2001. He remains an Emeritus Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge.

## EDFA

In 1986 and 1987, Mears co-authored two papers published in the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Journal “Electronics Letters” entitled "Low-threshold tunable CW and Q-switched fiber laser operating at 1.55μm" and “Low-noise Erbium-doped fibre amplifier at 1.54μm”. These two papers are the first on gain in erbium-doped single mode fibers and the EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier). Dr. Mears was a co-recipient of the 1986 IEE Electronics Letters Premium. Before these works were published, patents covering the fabrication of the fiber and the laser and amplifier were filed on the UK and US. The Book Patents, Inventions and the Dynamics of Innovation: A Multidisciplinary Study describes Dr. Mears invention as a “seminal invention”.

## Atomera

In 2001, Mears founded the semiconductor company, Mears Technologies, which was later renamed Atomera. The firm developed the MST platform, a way to make silicon transistors to be more efficient without shrinking the manufacturing process. This is achieved by inserting oxygen layers during silicon epitaxy of the channel layer.
# Girls on Wire

Girls on Wire (Chinese: 想飞的女孩) is a 2025 Chinese drama film directed by Vivian Qu. Starring Liu Haocun, the film follows Tian Tian, a single mother who kills a drug dealer and is then pursued by those seeking vengeance.
The film was selected in the Competition at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear and had first screening on 17 February 2025 at Berlinale Palast. It was released in the Chinese theaters on 8 March 2025.

## Synopsis

The film follows the journey of two estranged cousins over 20 years, exploring their evolution and redemption. After a desperate escape from a drug den, Tian Tian seeks refuge with her cousin Fang Di, whom she hasn't seen in five years. However, Fang Di, hardened by a life of struggles and broken dreams, is reluctant to reconcile. As danger looms with criminals closing in, their fates become inextricably linked once again.

## Cast

* Liu Haocun as Tian Tian
* Wen Qi as Fang Di
* Zhang Youhao as Ming
* Zhou You as Tian Tian's father
* Peng Jing as Fang Di's Mother

## Release

Girls on Wire had its world premiere on 17 February 2025, as part of the 75th Berlin International Film Festival, in Competition. The film will be screened in Cinephile Paradise at the 49th Hong Kong International Film Festival on 13 April 2025.
The film was released in China on 8 March 2025.
Berlin-based Films Boutique acquired the sales rights of the film in January 2025.

## Accolades

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| Berlin International Film Festival | 23 February 2025 | Golden Bear | Girls on Wire | Nominated | |
# Ahlan!

Ahlan! magazine was an English language celebrity weekly, launched in the UAE in April 2003, by ITP Publishing Group, under the tagline "International Glamour and Local Style". Its launch editor was Graham Stacey. Ahlan! spawned two offshoots - Ahlan! Masala (November 2003) and an Arabic-language edition (2004).
Katie Heskett became editor of Ahlan!, in 2005. Former Mail on Sunday diarist Nathan Kay took over the editorship in January 2011. On 26 May 2011 the magazine underwent a complete rehaul with new sections, fonts and look. The magazine was audited by the BPA. The BPA audited circulation of the weekly was 20,186 copies for the last six months of 2011. For the first six-month period of 2013 the magazine had a circulation of 20,586 copies.
In 2024, Ahlan! returned as ahlan after a four-year hiatus. The revamped platform aims to serve the next generation on their preferred social networks. With a focus on pop culture, ahlan features show business news, profiles of Gulf stars, lifestyle trends, and viral moments. Active across Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Threads, Pinterest, and Facebook, ahlan seeks to create a space where meaningful discussions happen, emphasising engaging, empowering, and thought-provoking content.
ahlan is being led by Joy Ejaria, who joined ITP Media Group as the Editor in April 2024. She is supported by Jessica Blanchard, formerly Assistant Social Media Editor at MailOnline in London, as well as Yasamin Saadat, who is the brand's Social Media Executive. Together, they are driving the brand’s revitalisation across social platforms.
The ahlan Hot 100 also made its highly anticipated return in 2024, marking the revival of the exclusive annual list that celebrates the most influential and impactful individuals in the UAE and beyond. The ahlan Hot 100 honoured those who have made significant contributions across a range of industries, including entertainment, business, fashion, and philanthropy. The return of this prestigious list has re-established it as a key highlight in the UAE’s social calendar.
# Zac Hosking

Zac Hosking (born 26 February 1997) is an Australian rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League (NRL). He is the son of former NRL player David Hosking.
He previously played for the Brisbane Broncos and Penrith Panthers in the NRL.

## Background

Hosking played his junior rugby league for the Central Charlestown Butcher Boys.

## Playing career
### 2022

Hosking made his first grade debut for Brisbane against St. George Illawarra in round 17 of the 2022 NRL season.

### 2023

On 18 February, Hosking played in Penrith's 13-12 upset loss to St Helens RFC in the 2023 World Club Challenge. Hosking played 21 games for Penrith in the 2023 NRL season. He played in Penrith's qualifying final victory over the New Zealand Warriors but did not play in the 2023 NRL Grand Final in which Penrith defeated Brisbane.

### 2024

On 10 January, Hosking was granted an immediate release from Penrith to join the Canberra Raiders on a three-year deal. In round 1 of the 2024 NRL season, Hosking made his club debut for Canberra and scored a try in their 28-12 victory over Newcastle. On 18 April, it was announced that Hosking would be ruled out indefinitely with a shoulder injury.
# Gambling in Pakistan

Gambling is subject to heavy restrictions under Pakistani law, with certain exceptions.

## Legislation

Gambling is illegal for citizens under the Prevention of Gambling Act 1977, which is based on the British-era Public Gambling Act of 1867. In 1978, the provincial versions of this act were brought into effect. This legislation replaced the earlier laws such as the Baluchistan Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961, West Pakistan Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961, Punjab Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961 and the Sindh Prevention of Gambling Ordinance of 1961.
Under this act, individuals found conducting gambling-related activities may face penalties of varying nature according to the circumstances. Those who knowingly operate gambling facilities may face fines of up to 1,000 rupees or a maximum imprisonment of up to one year, or both. Individuals who are discovered engaging in the act of gambling at "common gaming houses" are liable for fines of up to 5,000 rupees, a maximum imprisonment of one year, or both. The definition of a common gaming house includes any facility where there is evidence of gaming through the use of playing cards, dice, counters, money or instruments. For people who gamble in public places, the penalty may comprise a fine of up to 500 rupees, a maximum one year of imprisonment, or both. Likewise, individuals who are found gambling in private facilities risk a fine of up to 1,000 rupees, a term of imprisonment extending up to two years, or both. Repeat offenders may face fines extending up to 2,000 rupees or an imprisonment of up to three years, or both. The legislation grants law enforcement agencies the authority to enter and search any premises which is reported or suspected of having acting as a gaming facility.
This law provides an exception for "tourist complexes", which would be regulated by the relevant provincial governments, and to which only foreigners are admitted.
In Pakistan, all types of gambling, known as "maisir", are officially prohibited as per The Prevention of Gambling Act1 and the Penal Code of Pakistan. Despite this, in the late 1990s and early 2000s betting was prevalent nationwide. There were around 60 betting shops in Karachi alone (and hundreds countrywide).
# Aurora (Trans Europ Express)

The Aurora was a domestic Trans Europ Express in Italy linking Rome with Reggio di Calabria. The train was named after the Roman goddess of dawn, referring to the train's early morning departure from Rome.

## Trans Europ Express

The Aurora was based on existing first-class only Rapidos running between Rome and Naples. In 1974 the service was extended to Reggio di Calabria and upgraded to Trans Europ Express. The southbound service used the schedule of Rapido 893, the northbound service the schedule of Rapido 882 already running from Reggio to Rome. Despite the scenic route along the Tyrrhenian Sea between Naples and Reggio di Calabria, loading figures on this stretch were very low and consequently the Aurora was downgraded to a two-class Rapido after only 371 days as TEE on 1 June 1975. On 1 June 1980 the service was extended to Palermo using the train ferry to cross the Strait of Messina. On 30 May 1987 the rapido Aurora was withdrawn from service.
| TEE 89 | country | station | km | TEE 88 |
| 07:20 | Italy | Roma Termini | 0 | 22:05 |
| 08:54 | Italy | Napoli Mergellina | 209 | 20:21 |
| 09:04 | Italy | Napoli Piazza Garibaldi | 214 | 20:11 |
| | Italy | Salerno | 268 | |
| | Italy | Maratea | 407 | |
| | Italy | Lamezia Terme | 546 | |
| | Italy | Gioia Tauro | 638 | |
| | Italy | Villa San Giovanni | 675 | |
| | Italy | Reggio Lido | 682 | |
| 13:55 | Italy | Reggio Calabria | 684 | 15:25 |
# Girolamo Molè

Girolamo Molè (Italian pronunciation:; born 1 February 1961, in Gioia Tauro), also known as Mommo, is an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria. He is currently serving several life sentences.
He was the son of the historical 'Ndrangheta boss in the Gioia Tauro area, Antonio Molè. The clan has at least one hundred years of history, according to Mommo Molè in an overheard conversation. The Molè brothers, Girolamo, Domenico and Rocco took over the reins of the clan from their father.

## Alliance with Piromalli 'ndrina

The Molè clan was allied with their relatives of the Piromalli 'ndrina, also from Gioia Tauro. Often they are referred to as a single organisation, the Piromalli-Molè clan. They have an iron grip on many economic activities in the area, in particular over the Gioia Tauro seaport, the largest container terminal in the Mediterranean.
"The Molè family is the military arm of the Piromalli clan," according to Francesco Forgione, the former chairman of Italian parliament's Antimafia Commission. Within the Piromalli organization the Molè clan is responsible for drug trafficking and handles relations with 'Ndrangheta branches in central and northern Italy as well as with Colombian drug cartels.

## Arrest

Wanted since 1993 and included on the list of most wanted fugitives in Italy, he was arrested on July 12, 1997. At the time he was charged with 49 murders, arms trafficking, drug trafficking and criminal association. In August 2000, he was convicted to 11 life sentences at the Tirreno trial against the Piromalli-Molè clan.
While in jail a turf war between the Piromalli and Molè clans surfaced in February 2008 when Girolamo’s brother, Rocco Molè, was gunned down near Gioia Tauro. A conflict emerged over the tender of a contract over All Services, a company for the movement of cargo at the port, which was gained by the Alvaro clan, with the consent of the Piromallis. Background of the emerging conflict seems to be the future investments of hundreds of millions of euros in the Gioia Tauro port and the possibilities to take cuts of the investments.

## Crackdown by police

Within 24-hours after the contract was awarded to the rival clan, Rocco Molè, was killed. While Girolamo’s brother Domenico wanted to retaliate immediately, proposing to kill all the adversaries, Girolamo was more cautious. He wanted peaceful mediation, reminding his brother of the long alliance and the dangers of an all-out war. “We have one hundred years of history and family ties with the Piromallis that we cannot wipe out,” he was overheard saying from prison.
Alarmed by the increasing tension, police cracked down on the stranglehold of the 'Ndrangheta on the Gioia Tauro port in July 2008. The operation dubbed "One Hundred Years of History", after the overheard conversation, and netted 18 criminals and businessmen in Calabria, Rome and Milan. The operation intended to end the start of a possibly bloody turf war between the Piromallis and their former military arm, the Molè family.
# Makrani

Makrani may refer to:
* Makrani, a variety of Baloch caste
* A Person From Makran Region of Balochistan
* Makrani is associated with Baloch Caste
* SiddiiMakrani is associated with african ancestors
* Makrani caste, an Indian social group
* Kadu Makrani (1811—1887), Indian rebel against British rule
# Saccard

Saccard is a fictional character created by Émile Zola in his 20-novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart. Saccard (a pseudonym of the character Aristide Rougon) is the central figure in the novels La Curée (1872) and L'Argent (1891), and features in a number of other books in the cycle. A ruthless and greedy financier, his name is still used in France as a byword for corporate or plutocratic figures driven by lust for money.
# William Bruce Pitzer

William Bruce Pitzer (April 13, 1917 – October 29, 1966) was an officer of the United States Navy whose death is speculated to have had some connection with the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

## Life and career

Pitzer joined the Navy reserve in 1934 at the age of seventeen and trained as a Radiologic technologist. After discharge in 1939, he worked for three years as chief technologist at the Episcopal Ear, Eye and Nose Hospital. He re-enlisted in 1942 after the United States entered World War II. His obituaries listed him as "a consultant to the visual arts department of Montgomery Junior College".

## Death

At the time of the Kennedy assassination, Pitzer worked at the National Naval Medical Center (NNMC) where Kennedy's autopsy took place. Pitzer's alleged possession of autopsy-related film and photographs is briefly discussed in the television documentary The Men Who Killed Kennedy. A fellow naval officer of Pitzer's named Dennis David says that he viewed such materials in Pitzer's office at the NNMC, and that they appeared to contradict the official findings of the autopsy. At the time of his death, Pitzer held the rank of Lieutenant Commander. He was found in the NNMC television studio next to his office with a single gunshot wound to the head. Pitzer's death occurred the same day that the Kennedy family agreed, through their attorney, to release to the National Archives several items related to the autopsy of the fallen president, including photographs and x-rays. The Naval investigation into Pitzer's death reported no evidence of foul play. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

## Allegations surrounding death

Dennis David's recollections of the autopsy and of Pitzer's materials were first made public in an anonymous 1975 interview with the Waukegan, Illinois News Sun. Since that time, Pitzer's name (often accompanied by misreported circumstances of his death) has appeared in many printed or televised lists of "suspicious deaths" having an alleged connection to the Kennedy assassination. Lt. Col. Dan Marvin (US Army, retired) claimed that when he saw such a list in 1993, it brought back to his memory an incident in the summer of 1965 in which he was asked by the Central Intelligence Agency to kill Pitzer. The author who Marvin engaged to co-write a book on the subject came to have serious doubts about Marvin's story. Dennis David alleged that Pitzer was left-handed but the bullet entry wound was on the right side of his head, from which David inferred that Pitzer may have been murdered. Family members have stated that Pitzer was in fact right-handed. Pitzer is also sometimes said to have been present at the Kennedy autopsy at the NNMC, though he was not among those noted in official records.
# Hülgelaid

Hülgelaid is an island belonging to the country of Estonia. It has a length of 1.23 kilometres.
# Brian Hall (Australian footballer)

Brian Hall (born 1 May 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
# 1952 Chicago Bears season

The 1952 season was the Chicago Bears' 33rd in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 7–5 record from 1951 and finished at 5–7 under head coach and owner George Halas, fifth in the NFL's National Conference. In 1952, the club continued its downward trend from the class of the league.

## Regular season
### Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Venue | Attendance |
| 1 | September 28 | at Green Bay Packers | W 24–14 | 1–0 | City Stadium | 24,656 |
| 2 | October 5 | at Chicago Cardinals | L 10–21 | 1–1 | Comiskey Park | 34,697 |
| 3 | October 12 | Dallas Texans | W 38–20 | 2–1 | Wrigley Field | 35,429 |
| 4 | October 19 | San Francisco 49ers | L 16–40 | 2–2 | Wrigley Field | 46,338 |
| 5 | October 26 | at Los Angeles Rams | L 7–31 | 2–3 | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | 43,574 |
| 6 | November 2 | at San Francisco 49ers | W 20–17 | 3–3 | Kezar Stadium | 58,255 |
| 7 | November 9 | Green Bay Packers | L 28–41 | 3–4 | Wrigley Field | 41,751 |
| 8 | November 16 | Los Angeles Rams | L 24–40 | 3–5 | Wrigley Field | 40,737 |
| 9 | November 23 | Detroit Lions | W 24–23 | 4–5 | Wrigley Field | 37,508 |
| 10 | November 27 | at Dallas Texans | L 23–27 | 4–6 | Rubber Bowl | 3,000 |
| 11 | December 7 | at Detroit Lions | L 21–45 | 4–7 | Briggs Stadium | 50,410 |
| 12 | December 14 | Chicago Cardinals | W 10–7 | 5–7 | Wrigley Field | 32,578 |
Note: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text.

### Game summaries
#### Week 1

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| • Bears | 3 | 0 | 7 | 14 | 24 |
| Packers | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 14 |

### Standings

NFL National Conference :
| viewtalkedit | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Detroit Lions | 9 | 3 | 0 | .750 | 7–3 | 344 | 192 | W3 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 9 | 3 | 0 | .750 | 8–2 | 349 | 234 | W8 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 6–3 | 285 | 221 | W1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 6 | 6 | 0 | .500 | 3–6 | 295 | 312 | L3 |
| Chicago Bears | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 4–6 | 245 | 326 | W1 |
| Dallas Texans | 1 | 11 | 0 | .083 | 1–9 | 182 | 427 | L2 |
    Note: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.
# 2023 World Military Wrestling Championships

The 2023 World Military Wrestling Championships was the 36th edition of the World Military Wrestling Championships, which was held in Baku, Azerbaijan between 27 November and 3 December 2023.

## Medal table

* Host nation (Azerbaijan)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | Azerbaijan* | 11 | 3 | 7 | 21 |
| 2 | Iran | 5 | 8 | 3 | 16 |
| 3 | Mongolia | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| 4 | Turkey | 3 | 1 | 5 | 9 |
| 5 | Romania | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 6 | United States | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 7 | Kazakhstan | 1 | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| 8 | Russia | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| 9 | Nigeria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 10 | Italy | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 11 | Algeria | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 12 | Belarus | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 13 | Brazil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 13 | Tunisia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (15 entries) | Totals (15 entries) | 29 | 29 | 40 | 98 |

## Medal overview
### Men's freestyle

* Event
* 57 kg
* 61 kg
* 65 kg
* 70 kg
* 74 kg
* 79 kg
* 86 kg
* 92 kg
* 97 kg
* 125 kg

### Men's Greco-Roman

* Event
* 55 kg
* 60 kg
* 63 kg
* 67 kg
* 72 kg
* 77 kg
* 82 kg
* 87 kg
* 97 kg
* 130 kg

### Women's freestyle

* Event
* 50 kg
* 53 kg
* 55 kg
* 57 kg
* 59 kg
* 62 kg
* 65 kg
* 68 kg
* 72 kg
* 76 kg
# Carlos Rodríguez (pitcher)

Carlos Fernando Rodríguez (born November 27, 2001) is a Nicaraguan professional baseball pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2024.

## Professional career

Rodríguez was born in Nicaragua and moved to Miami, Florida at eight years old. He graduated from Miami Christian School in Fontainebleau, Florida in 2020. He was not selected in the 2020 Major League Baseball draft and enrolled at Florida SouthWestern State College.
The Milwaukee Brewers drafted Rodríguez in the sixth round, with the 177th overall selection, of the 2021 Major League Baseball draft. Rodríguez made his professional debut in 2022, splitting the year between the Single–A Carolina Mudcats and High–A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. In 26 games (20 starts) between the two affiliates, he accumulated a 6–5 record and 3.01 ERA with 129 strikeouts across 107+2⁄3 innings pitched.
Rodríguez won the 2023 Southern League Pitcher of the Year Award with the Double-A Biloxi Shuckers, after logging a 9–6 record and 2.77 ERA with 152 strikeouts over 25 starts.
Rodríguez began the 2024 season with the Triple–A Nashville Sounds, compiling a 4–5 win–loss record and 5.17 earned run average (ERA) with 66 strikeouts across 12 games played (11 games started). On June 11, 2024, Rodríguez was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time. In 3 starts for Milwaukee during his rookie campaign, Rodríguez struggled to an 0-3 record and 7.30 ERA with 9 strikeouts across 12+1⁄3 innings pitched.
Rodríguez was optioned to Triple-A Nashville to begin the 2025 season.

## International career

Rodríguez played for the Nicaraguan national baseball team in the 2023 World Baseball Classic (WBC). He started the team's first WBC game,. In his sole appearance, he pitched four innings of one-run ball against Puerto Rico, working to a 2.25 ERA.