OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kuki-Chin–Naga languages
## Languages

The established branches are:
* Kuki-Chin
** Northeastern
** Central
** Maraic
** Khomic
** Southern
* Naga
** Ao, in north-central Nagaland
** Angami–Pochuri, in southern Nagaland
** Tangkhul-Maring, in eastern Manipur
** Zeme, in northwestern Manipur
** Northwestern / Southern Naga
* Meitei, the official language of Manipur
* Karbi, in Karbi Anglong, Central Assam
The Konyak languages of Nagaland, also spoken by ethnic Naga, are not grouped within Kuki-Chin–Naga, but rather within Brahmaputran (Sal).
Ethnologue adds Koki, Long Phuri, Makuri, and Para, all unclassified, and all distant from other Naga languages they have been compared to. Koki is perhaps closest to (or one of) the Tangkhulic languages, and the other three may belong together.

## Classification

Scott DeLancey (2015) considers Kuki-Chin–Naga to be part of a wider Central Tibeto-Burman group.
The following is a preliminary internal classification of the Kuki-Chin–Naga languages by Hsiu (2021).
* Northern Kuki-Chin-Naga linguistic area (linkage)
** Greater Central Naga
*** Makury
*** Long Phuri
*** Para (Jejara)
*** Central Naga
**** Lotha
**** Sangtam
**** Yimchungrü
**** Ao
** Angami-Pochuri
*** Angamic-Sumic
**** Angamic
***** Angami, Chokri
***** Khezha
***** Mao
***** Poumai
**** Sumic
***** Sumi
***** Rengma
*** Pochuric
**** Meluri
**** Ntenyi
* Southern Kuki-Chin-Naga branch
** Greater Zeme ("Western Naga")
*** Zeme, Mzieme, Liangmai
*** Nruanghmei
*** Maram
*** Khoirao
*** Puiron
** Greater Tangkhulic
*** Akyaung Ari
*** Tangkhulic
** Maring, Khoibu (Uipo)
** Kokak
** Suansu (?)
** Kuki-Chin
*** Northwestern ("Old Kuki")
*** Northeastern ("Northern")
*** Central
*** Maraic
*** Southern
*** Khomic
# Mamata Shankar

Mamata Shankar (born 7 January 1955) is an Indian actress and dancer. She is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has acted in films by directors including Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Rituparno Ghosh, Buddhadeb Dasgupta and Gautam Ghosh. In addition to being an actress, she is a dancer and choreographer. She was the niece of musician Pandit Ravi Shankar. Her brother, Ananda Shankar, was an Indo-Western fusion musician.
In January 2025, Mamata Shankar was honored with the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, by the Government of India.

## Early life and education

Mamata Shankar was born on 7 January 1955 to the dancers Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.
She received her training in dance and choreography at the Uday Shankar India Culture Centre, Calcutta under Amala Shankar.

## Career

Shankar made her film debut with Mrigayaa in 1976, directed by Mrinal Sen. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film for the year.
Shankar is married, and runs the Udayan - Mamta Shankar Dance Company, which was founded in 1986, and which travels extensively throughout the world, with the 'Mamata Shankar Ballet Troupe'. The troupe was founded in 1978, and performed its first production, based on a Rabindranath Tagore work, Chandalika, in 1979. It was followed by Horikhela, Aajker Ekalabya, Milap, Shikaar, Mother Earth, Amritasyaputra and Sabari.

## Awards

* 1992: National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film) for Agantuk
* 1993: BFJA Award – Best Supporting Actress Award for Shakha Proshakha
* 2000: BFJA Award – Best Supporting Actress Award for Utsab
* 2025: Padma Shri
* 2025: Filmfare Awards Bangla 2025 – Best Actress (Critics') for Bijoyar Pore

## Filmography

* Mrigayaa (The Royal Hunt, 1976)
* Oka Oori Katha (The Marginal Ones or The Outsiders, 1977)
* Dooratwa aka Distance (1978)
* Ek Din Pratidin (And Quiet Rolls the Dawn or One Day Like Another (USA), 1979)
* Bapika Bidai (1980)
* Kalankini (1981)
* Kharij (The Case Is Closed, 1982)
* Grihajuddha (Crossroads, 1982)
* Dakhal (The Occupation, 1982)
* Grihajuddha (Crossroads, 1982)
* Nishante (1985)
* Neelkantho (1985)
* Shakha Proshakha (The Branches of the Tree or Les Branches de L'arbre, 1991)
* Agantuk (The Stranger aka Le Visiteur, 1991)
* Sunya Theke Suru (A Return to Zero, 1993)
* Prajapati (1993)
* Sopan (1994)
* Dahan (Crossfire, 1997)
* Utsab (The Festival, 2000)
* Waaris (2004)
* The Bong Connection (2006)
* Samudra Sakshi (2006)
* Ballyganj Court (2007)
* Drishti Pradip (2008)
* Abohomaan (The Eternal, 2010)
* Jaani Dyakha Hawbe (2011)
* Ranjana Ami Ar Ashbona (2011)
* Jaatishwar (2014)
* Agantuker Pore (2015)
* Pink (2016)
* Maacher Jhol (2017)
* Flat No 609 (2018)
* Shah Jahan Regency (2019)
* Shesher Golpo (2019)
* Antardhaan (2021)
* Bhotbhoti (2022)
* Antarleen
* Flat No. 609
* Projapoti (2022)
* Shibpur (2023)
* Palaan (2023)
* Pradhan (2023)
* Bijoyar Pore (2024)
* Projapoti 2 (2025)
# Peter K. Smith

Professor Peter K Smith (born 23 September 1943) is a developmental psychologist with a particular interest in children’s social development.

## Career

Smith received his B.Sc at the University of Oxford and his Ph.D. from the University of Sheffield. Following his doctorate he continued at the University of Sheffield, obtaining a Personal Chair in 1991, before moving to Goldsmiths, University of London in 1995. There, he was Head of the Unit for School and Family Studies in the Department of Psychology from 1998 to 2011. He retired as Emeritus Professor of Psychology in 2011.

## Academic work

Smith has authored, co-authored or co-edited 28 books, and authored or co-authored 198 journal articles and 124 book chapters.
His general works in children’s development include the book Adolescence: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2016) [2] and successive editions of the textbook (with Helen Cowie and Mark Blades) Understanding Children’s Development (Blackwells, 1988, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2011, 2015). He co-edited collection (with Craig Hart) the Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010). In 2015 he was awarded the William Thierry Preyer award for Excellence in Research on Human Development, by the European Society for Developmental Psychology.
He is known for his work on children’s play, and works include the edited collection (with Tony Pellegrini) The nature of play: Great apes and humans (Guilford, 2005), and the book Children and Play (Blackwell, 2010)
His most extensive research has been on bullying and violence in schools, where he has led a number of research projects. He was the Chair of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Cyberbullying Action (COST ACTION IS0801) from 2008 to 2012, and was PI of a project Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Pupil Safety and Wellbeing, financed by the Indian-European Research Networking in the Social sciences initiative (2012-2015). He is currently co-PI of a project Comparative study of cyberbullying in Qatar and the UK: risk factors, impact on health and solutions, financed by the Qatar National Research Fund (2013-2016). Publications include the edited collections (with Debra Pepler and Ken Rigby) Bullying in Schools: How Successful can Interventions be? (Cambridge University Press, 2004); (with Qing Li and Donna Cross) Cyberbullying in the Global Playground: Research from International Perspectives (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012); (with Georges Steffgen) Cyberbullying through the new media: Findings from an international network (Psychology Press, 2013) and (with Keumjoo Kwak and Yuichi Toda) School bullying in different cultures: Eastern and western perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 2016). He is author of Understanding school bullying: Its nature and prevention strategies (Sage, 2014).

## Awards

He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, the Association of Psychological Sciences, and the Academy of Social Sciences.
# Riele Downs

Riele Downs (born July 8, 2001) is a Canadian actress. She began her career as a child actress, playing Faith in the 2013 film The Best Man Holiday. She went on to co-star as Charlotte on the Nickelodeon television series Henry Danger from 2014 to 2020.

## Early life and career

Downs was born on July 8, 2001. She has indicated that she has "some experience with dancing".
Downs started acting when she was 3 years old, and got her first role in the 2005 film Four Brothers playing the role of Amelia Mercer. She appeared in A Russell Peters Christmas Special in 2013. The same year, Downs played Faith Sullivan in the 2013 comedy-drama film The Best Man Holiday. In 2014, she appeared in the television films Fir Crazy and The Gabby Douglas Story.
In 2014, Downs was cast in her first starring role, on the Nickelodeon television series Henry Danger, playing the role of Charlotte, who is the best friend of the titular character. In 2017, she co-starred with Lizzy Greene in the Nickelodeon television film Tiny Christmas.
In 2022, Downs starred in the lead role of Darby Harper in the Hulu film Darby and the Dead.
In 2024, Downs was cast as Carlesha Gaither in the Lifetime film Abducted Off the Streets: The Carlesha Gaither Story as part of its "Ripped from the Headlines" feature films that is based on the kidnapping of Carlesha Gaither.

## Filmography

Television and film roles :
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2005 | Four Brothers | Amelia Mercer | Film |
| 2008 | ReGenesis | Young Jamila Thompson | Episode: "Bloodless" |
| 2009 | 'Da Kink in My Hair | Shawnee | Episode: "Forced Ripe Mango" |
| 2010 | Rookie Blue | Little Girl | Episode: "Fresh Paint" |
| 2010 | Made... The Movie | Karinna | Television film |
| 2010 | Peep and the Big Wide World | Baby Ant / Bunny 2 / Bunny 5 | Voice role; 2 episodes |
| 2013 | The Best Man Holiday | Faith | Film |
| 2014 | The Gabby Douglas Story | Arielle | Television film |
| 2014 | Ruby Skye P.I.: The Maltese Puppy | Kat | Film |
| 2014–2020 | Henry Danger | Charlotte | Main role |
| 2015 | Nickelodeon's Ho Ho Holiday Special | Sheila | Television special |
| 2017 | Nickelodeon's Not So Valentine Special | Riele/Vanessa | Television special |
| 2017 | Nickelodeon's Sizzling Summer Camp Special | Dale | Television special |
| 2017 | Tiny Christmas | Emma | Television film |
| 2018 | The Adventures of Kid Danger | Charlotte | Main voice role |
| 2019 | All That | Herself | Episode 1105 |
| 2022 | Darby and the Dead | Darby Harper | Streaming film |
| 2023 | Bel-Air | Yazmin Staats | Recurring role, 5 episodes |
| 2024 | Abducted Off the Streets: The Carlesha Gaither Story | Carlesha Gaither | Television film |
| 2025 | My Life with the Walter Boys | Maria | Recurring role (season 2) |
| TBA | A Breed Apart | Killer Queen | Completed |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Refs |
| 2020 | Kids' Choice Awards | Favorite Female TV Star | Henry Danger | Nominated | |
# Guggenheim (surname)

Guggenheim is a surname, sometimes appearing as Gugenheim. Notable people with the name include:

## Guggenheim

* Guggenheim family, American family of Swiss Jewish ancestry
** Meyer Guggenheim (1828–1905)
*** Daniel Guggenheim (1856–1930)
**** Harry Frank Guggenheim who privately funded Goddard's liquid fuel rocket research (1890–1971)
*** Solomon R. Guggenheim (1861–1949), philanthropist who established the Guggenheim museum
*** Benjamin Guggenheim (1865–1912)
**** Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979)
*** Simon Guggenheim (1867–1941)
* Charles Guggenheim (1924–2002), American Academy Award-winning documentary film maker
* Davis Guggenheim (born 1963), American Academy Award-winning documentary film maker
* Edward A. Guggenheim (1901–1970), English chemist and academic noted for chemical thermodynamics
* Marc Guggenheim (born 1970), American screenwriter
* Paul Guggenheim (1899–1977), Swiss scholar of international law
* Ralph Guggenheim (born 1951), American video graphics designer and businessman

## Gugenheim

* D.J. Gugenheim, American film producer known for The Brutalist
* Ernest Gugenheim (1916–1977), French rabbi
* Michel Gugenheim, became chief rabbi of France in 2013
# Chaetocnema protensa

Chaetocnema protensa is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
# Rucka's World

Rucka's World is the sixth studio album by Israeli-American rapper and parodist Rucka Rucka Ali. The album was released on September 11, 2012, and distributed by Pinegrove Records. It peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Top Comedy Albums.

## Background

Similarly to Rucka Rucka Ali's previous albums, this album contains mostly parodical songs, and some of the songs were released as singles as well as part of the album.

## Charts

| Chart | Peak position |
| US Top Comedy Albums (Billboard) | 8 |
# Qeshlaq, Jolfa

Qeshlaq (Persian: قشلاق) is a village in Ersi Rural District of the Central District in Jolfa County, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

## Demographics
### Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 674 in 187 households. The following census in 2011 counted 375 people in 123 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 268 people in 103 households.
# Neptunium(IV) fluoride

Neptunium(IV) fluoride or neptunium tetrafluoride is a inorganic compound with the formula NpF$_4$. It is a green salt and is isostructural with UF$_4$.

## Synthesis

Neptunium(IV) fluoride can be prepared by reacting neptunium(III) fluoride or neptunium dioxide with a gas mixture of oxygen and hydrogen fluoride at 500 °C:
    4 NpF$_3$ + O$_2$ + 4 HF → 4 NpF$_4$ + 2 H$_2$O
It can also be prepared by treating neptunium dioxide with HF gas:
    NpO$_2$ + 4 HF → NpF$_4$ + 2 H$_2$O
# Ama Bame Busia

Ama Bame Busia (1935/1936 – 12 December 2023) was a Ghanaian politician and a former member of the council of state. She was the sister of the late Kofi Abrefa Busia, former Ghanaian prime minister. She was a member of New Patriotic Party. Busia initially oppose choosing Dr Mahamudu Bawumia as the running mate for the 2008 Ghanaian general election but later asked the former president of Ghana Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo for forgiveness and said "Bawumia is Ghana’s best ever Vice President".

## Education

Busia father initially denied her from attending school because she was a royal but her brother Kofi Abrefa Busia later convinced their father to allow her to go to school where she was the only girl in her class. She had her primary education at Wenchi Methodist School and Methodist Middle Girls' School in Kumasi. She trained as a teacher at the Komenda Training College. In 1959, she went into exile in London with her brother, Kofi Abrefa Busia and there she studied Institutional Management and Catering at the Regent Street Polytechnic.

## Death

Busia died at the Nyaho Medical Centre on 12 December 2023, at the age of 87.

## Awards and recognition

Busia was honoured as one of the most inspiring women in Ghana in the area of politics.
# Chibi Maruko-chan: A Boy from Italy

Chibi Maruko-chan: A Boy From Italy (映画ちびまる子ちゃん イタリアから来た少年, Eiga Chibi Maruko-chan: Itaria kara Kita Shōnen) is a 2015 Japanese animated family comedy film directed by Jun Takagi [ja], produced by Nippon Animation and based on the manga series Chibi Maruko-chan written and illustrated by Momoko Sakura. It was released in Japan by Toho on December 23, 2015.

## Cast

* Tarako as Momoko "Maruko" Sakura
* Yusaku Yara as Hiroshi Sakura
* Teiyū Ichiryūsai as Sumire Sakura
* Yūko Mizutani as Sakiko Sakura
* Bin Shimada as Tomozō Sakura
* Yūko Sasaki [ja] as Kotake Sakura
* Nobuo Tobita as Sueo Maruo
* Masami Kikuchi as Kazuhiko Hanawa
* Naoko Watanabe as Tamae "Tama" Honami
* Tomoko Naka as Shigeru Fujiki
* Taishi Nakagawa as Andrea
* Hitori Gekidan as Singh
* Papaya Suzuki as Nepu
* Naomi Watanabe as Julia
* Rola as Sin-yee

## Reception

The film was sixth-placed at the Japanese box office on its opening weekend, in both admissions and gross, with US$447,069. On its second weekend it remained in sixth place by admissions, on the third weekend it dropped to tenth place by admissions and on the fourth weekend it was twelfth-placed by gross, with US$280,022. As of January 17, 2016, the film has grossed US$5.38 million in Japan.
The film was released in China on September 23, 2016, where it grossed CN¥25.9 million so far.
# 2025 in Denmark

"none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive
Events in the year 2025 in Denmark.

## Incumbents

* Monarch: Frederik X
* Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen
* Government: Frederiksen II Cabinet
* Folketing: 2022–2026 session (elected 1 November 2022)
* Leaders of the constituent countries
** Prime minister of the Faroe Islands – Aksel V. Johannesen
** Prime minister of Greenland – Múte Bourup Egede

## Events

* 8 January–2 February – The 2025 World Men's Handball Championship in Croatia, Denmark and Norway.
* 11 March – 2025 Greenlandic general election: The centre-right opposition Democrats win a plurality of votes in the Inatsisartut.

### Predicted and scheduled events

* 9–25 May – 2025 IIHF World Championship in Denmark and Sweden.
* 18 November – 2025 Danish local elections

## Sports
### Badminton

* 19 January – Viktor Axelsen wins India Open-
* 12–16 February – Denmark wins the 2025 European Mixed Team Badminton Championships.
* 2 March – Viktor Axelsen wins German Open.

### Cycling

* 12–16 – Denmark wins one gold medal, one silver medal and one bronze medal at the 2025 UEC European Track Championships.
* 16 February – Mads Pedersen wins the Tour de la Provence for the second year in a row.
* 23 February – Jonas Vingegaard wins the 2025 Volta ao Algarve.

### Handball

* 2 February – Denmark wins gold the 2025 World Men's Handball Championship.

### Tennis

* 1 February – Denmark defeated Serbia in the first round of 2025 Davis Cup.

## Deaths
### January

* 2 January – Jytte Abildstrøm, 90, actress (Helle for Helene, Don Olsen kommer til byen, The Adventures of Picasso).
* 4 January – Peter Brandes, 80, painter and sculptor.
# Damn Interesting

Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.
As of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's "Curated Links" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.
In July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.

## Awards and recognition

* In August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the "Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites".
* The article "The Zero-Armed Bandit" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.
* The article "Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds" by Alan Bellows was cited as "nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.
* The article "Dupes and Duplicity" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.

## Accusing The Dollop of plagiarism

On July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that "historical facts are not copyrightable." In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, "Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based."
# Mihnea Rădulescu

Mihnea Gabriel Rădulescu (born 17 September 2005) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga I club Petrolul Ploiești.

## Club career

A youth product of his hometown club Petrolul Ploiești, Rădulescu registered his senior debut on 15 May 2022, coming on as a 74th-minute substitute for Saim Tudor in a goalless Liga II away draw at Unirea Slobozia. He made his debut as a professional on 10 April 2023, replacing Jair in the 90th minute of a 2–0 home Liga I win over Mioveni.
On 23 January 2024, Rădulescu was loaned out to Liga II side Gloria Buzău for the remainder of the season. He scored his first career goal on 25 February, in a 5–1 away thrashing of Progresul Spartac, and added three more goals from a total of eleven appearances during his spell.
Upon his return to Ploiești, Petrolul manager Mehmet Topal handed Rădulescu his first league start on 16 August 2024, in a 2–1 away victory over Unirea Slobozia in which he opened the scoring. On 27 September, he netted his first double in a 4–1 home defeat of Hermannstadt.

## International career

On 5 October 2024, Rădulescu received his first call-up to the Romania national under-21 team for the UEFA Euro qualifiers against Montenegro and Switzerland. Six days later, he made his debut as a substitute and scored the last goal in the 6–2 away thrashing of the former opponent. On 15 October, he again came on as a substitute in the 3–1 home over Switzerland, as Romania won its group and qualified for its fourth consecutive European Under-21 Championship.

## Personal life

Rădulescu has an elder brother who is a tourist guide, and their father also played football in the lower leagues of Prahova County.

## Honours

Petrolul Ploiești
* Liga II: 2021–22
# Maheson Singh Tongbram

Maheson Singh Tongbram (born 26 November 2004) is an Indian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Indian Super League club Punjab.

## Career statistics
### Club

    As of 8 April 2023
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | AFC | AFC | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Minerva Punjab B | 2020 | I-League 2nd Division | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 3 | 1 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | 2020–21 | I-League | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 1 | 0 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | 2021–22 | I-League | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 18 | 1 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | 2022–23 | I-League | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | — | 11 | 1 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | 2023–24 | Indian Super League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 | 0 |
| RoundGlass Punjab | Total | Total | 29 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 2 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 32 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 3 |
* ↑ Appearance(s) in Super Cup

## Honours

India U20
* SAFF U-20 Championship: 2022