# List of fusor examples

The following is a list of fusor examples, examples of the fusor-type nuclear fusion reactor that uses inertial electrostatic confinement

## Professional

Fusors have been theoretically studied at multiple institutions, including: Kyoto University, and Kyushu University. Researchers meet annually at the US-Japan Workshop on Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion. The following is a list of machines that were actually built.
* Tokyo Institute of Technology has four IEC devices of different shapes: a spherical machine, a cylindrical device, a co-axial double cylinder and a magnetically assisted device.
* University of Wisconsin-Madison A group at Wisconsin-Madison has been running a very large, funded, fusor program since 1991.
* Turkish Atomic Energy Authority In 2013 this team built a 30 cm fusor at the Saraykoy Nuclear Research and Training center in Turkey. This fusor can reach 85 kV and do deuterium fusion, producing 2.4×10$^4$ neutrons per second.
* University of Illinois Dr. George Miley's team at the fusion studies laboratory has built a ~25 cm fusor which has produced 1×10$^7$ neutrons per second using deuterium gas.
* University of Sydney Dr. Joseph Khachan's group in the Department of Physics has built a variety of IEC devices in both positive and negative polarities and spherical and cylindrical geometries.
* Atomic Energy Organization of Iran Researchers at Shahid Beheshti University in Iran have built a 60 cm diameter fusor which can produce 1×10$^7$ neutrons per second at 140 kV using deuterium gas.
* Los Alamos National Laboratory In the late nineties, researchers purposed and built a fusor-like system for oscillating plasma, inside a fusor. This device is known as the Periodically Oscillating Plasma Sphere or POPS.
* Massachusetts Institute of Technology For his doctoral thesis in 2007, Carl Dietrich built a fusor and studied its potential use in spacecraft propulsion. In addition, Tom McGuire did his thesis on fusors with multiple cages and ion guns.
* ITT Corporation Hirschs original machine was a 17.8 cm diameter machine with 150 kV voltage drop across it. This machine used ion beams.
* Phoenix Nuclear Labs has developed a commercial neutron source based on a fusor, achieving 3×10$^{11}$ neutrons per second with the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction.

## Amateur

A number of amateurs have built working fusors and detected neutrons. Many fusor enthusiasts connect on forums and message boards online. Below are some examples of working fusors.
* Richard Hull Since the late nineties, Richard Hull has built several fusors in his home in Richmond, Virginia. In March 1999, he achieved a neutron rate of 10×10$^5$ neutrons per second. Hull maintains a list of amateurs who have detected neutrons from fusors.
* Carl Greninger Founded the Northwest Nuclear Consortium, an organization in Washington state which teaches a class of a dozen high school students nuclear engineering principles using a 60 kV fusor.
* Taylor Wilson built a Fusor at 14 years old in 2008.
* Jackson Oswalt built a Fusor at 12 years age in 2025. He is youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion as described by Guinness World Records
* Matthew Honickman Was a high school student who built a working fusor in his basement in Rochester, New York.
* Michael Li In 2003, Michael Li became the youngest person to date to build a fusor, winning second place in the US Intel Science Talent Search winning a $75,000 college scholarship.
* Mark Suppes A web designer for Gucci in Brooklyn New York, built a working fusor on a path to building the first amateur Polywell.
* Thiago David Olson Built a 40 kV fusor at age 17, in his home in Rochester, Michigan and placed second in the International Science and Engineering Fair in 2007.
* Jamie Edwards who fused the atom at 13, at his middle school in England. He received a letter from the Duke of York, was invited on The David Letterman Show and gave a TED talk.
* Conrad Farnsworth of Newcastle, Wyoming produced fusion in 2011 at 17 and used this to win a regional and state science fair.