OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cambridge Railroad

The Cambridge Railroad (also known as the Cambridge Horse Railroad) was the first street railway in the Boston, Massachusetts area, linking Harvard Square in Cambridge to Cambridge and Grove Streets in Boston's West End, via Massachusetts Avenue, Main Street and the West Boston Bridge.

## History
### 19th century

The company was chartered and incorporated May 25, 1853, and started construction September 1, 1855. The horsecar line opened between West Cedar Street (just east of Charles Street) and Central Square on March 26, 1856. Extensions opened in April to Brattle House in Brattle Square and to Revere House in Bowdoin Square.
A further extension to Mount Auburn Cemetery and a branch to Porter Square soon opened. The connecting Watertown Horse Railroad opened on April 27, 1857. The Porter Square branch was extended to the border of West Cambridge (now Arlington); there it met the West Cambridge Horse Railroad, which opened on June 13, 1859.
The line beat a rival company by buying secondhand cars from the Brooklyn City Railroad. Over the first two months, no fares were charged, making the line very popular, with over 2000 passengers per day within a week. When it started to charge fares, the public was outraged, many calling for the franchises to be revoked.
From its incorporation, the Cambridge Railroad was leased to the Union Railway for 50 years, later passing under control of the West End Street Railway in 1887 and the Boston Elevated Railway in 1897. The main line from Harvard square to Boston was electrified February 16, 1889,$^{:200}$ with most of the other former Cambridge Railroad lines following by the early 1890s.

### 20th century

The mostly-underground Red Line subway opened March 23, 1912 and provided a much faster route from Harvard Square to Downtown Boston, but streetcars remained in service for local traffic. Streetcar service from Cambridge to Boston, using part of the original Cambridge Railroad route on Massachusetts Avenue. The streetcar service last ran September 11, 1949,$^{:209}$ and the former Cambridge Railroad streetcar route from Harvard University north to Porter Square remained in use until September 5, 1958.$^{:214}$
# Nggàm

Nggam ([ŋgam]) is a type of divination found among many groups in western Cameroon. Among the best documented is its practice by the Mambila people of Cameroon and Nigeria, in which the actions of spiders or crabs are interpreted by the diviner. The form used by the neighbouring Yamba people was described by Gebauer in 1964 based on experience in Mbem going back to before 1939, and more recently by Hermann Gufler (1996 and 2003). Good documentation of Nggam has been also published for the Bekpak (Bafia) people by Dugast and Leiderer and for Bamileke people by Pradeles de Latour. The crab form has been studied in north Cameroon by Walter van Beek (2013, 2015).
The comparative linguistics of spider divination in Cameroon was surveyed by Blench and Zeitlyn in 1989/1990.
In 2021, Argentinian artist Tomás Saraceno developed a project and website where you can learn about the practices of the Nggam dù spider diviners. On the website it has videos that show the methods the diviners use to answer people’s questions and also has interviews with diviners who all live in the village of Somié, Cameroon.
The Mambila form of nggam featured in the 2024-2025 exhibtion "Oracles, Omens and Answers" at the Weston Library, the University of Oxford, and there is a chapter about it in the related book
# Pretty Ballerina

"Pretty Ballerina" is a song written by pianist Michael Brown that was released as a single by his band The Left Banke in December 1966. It peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 4 on the Canadian RPM chart.

## Composition

"Pretty Ballerina" was one of the first pop songs to use the Lydian mode in its melody (more specifically the acoustic scale), predating the Beatles' Indian-inspired "Blue Jay Way" and Donovan's "Peregrine". The recording features an oboe over the instrumental portion of the track, joining the string quartet, before the music pauses, and goes back to the refrain of the song.
The original Left Banke version of the song was sung by Steve Martin Caro and it is one of several songs that Brown wrote about singer Renee Fladen, the girlfriend of Left Banke guitarist Tom Finn and the object of Brown's affections. Other songs written about her include the band's biggest hit, "Walk Away Renée", and "She May Call You Up Tonight".

## Cover versions

* Alice Cooper
* John Mellencamp
* Jason Falkner
* Peter Kingsbery
* Eels
* Charly García
* Alan Merrill
* the Bluetones
* the Dickies
* Elio e le Storie Tese

## Popular culture

The song has appeared in the films: Apocalypse Now, Off Limits and Things Behind the Sun.
# Supernatural (group)

Supernatural was a Swedish pop group that consisted of the winners of the second season of the Swedish reality TV show Popstars. In Sweden the show was broadcast on Kanal5 in 2003. The band had several hits with songs like Supernatural and Rock U. Supernatural was expected to take part in the Swedish precursor selections for the Eurovision Song Contest in 2003 but its record label did not publicize the band sufficiently and the members subsequently split up in 2004 after arguments with their record label.

## Members

* Mathilda Carmbrant
* Linda Eriksson (aka Linda Varg)
* Sandra Leto
* Robert Skowronski
* Sebastian Zelle

## After split-up

The members of Supernatural started a new band, this time with the name Caught Up, but it did not experience the same success.

## Discography
### Albums

| Year | Album | Peak positions | Certification |
| Year | Album | SWE | Certification |
| 2002 | Dreamcatcher | 1 | |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Certification | Album |
| Year | Single | SWE | Certification | Album |
| 2002 | "Supernatural" | 1 | | Dreamcatcher |
| 2002 | "Rock U" | 3 | | Dreamcatcher |
| 2002 | "Kryptonite" | 56 | | Dreamcatcher |
# Trinidad and Tobago Guardian

The Trinidad and Tobago Guardian (together with the Sunday Guardian) is the oldest daily newspaper in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper is considered the newspaper of record for Trinidad and Tobago. The slogan of the paper is The Guardian of Democracy.
The newspaper is owned and published by Guardian Media Limited. The main office of the Guardian is located at St. Vincent Street, Port of Spain, with a branch office on Chancery Lane, San Fernando, and the Head office which is located on 4-10 Rodney Road in Chaguanas.

## Format

It began as a broadsheet but in November 2002 changed to tabloid format, known as the "G-sized Guardian". In June 2008, the paper changed to a smaller-size tabloid. On 11 September 2017, the company launched a new layout.

## History

Its first edition was published by the Trinidad Publishing Co. on Sunday 2 September 1917. In 1955, according to an advertisement in Editor & Publisher, the Trinidad Publishing Co. operated the Guardian, the Sunday Guardian, and the Evening News.
On 2 September 2017, the Trinidad and Tobago Guardian celebrated its 100th anniversary.

## Staff

Journalists have included the writer Seepersad Naipaul. Edited by Aaron Eastley, Brinsley Samaroo, Kenneth Ramchand and Nivedita Misra, Seepersad Naipaul, Amazing Scenes: Selected Journalism 1928–1953 (Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 2024) covers 25 years of Naipaul's columns and articles in the Guardian. Naipaul was initially charged with reporting on the lives of the East Indians on the island. The articles often reflect on topical issues of the day but are notable for their humour.
# Assi al-Qawali

Assi al-Qawali is an Iraqi-Kurdish insurgent leader and a former Peshmerga volunteer that is allegedly the leader of the White Flags which is believed to be a splinter group of Ansar al-Islam by the government of Iraq and some observers.

## Biography
### Background

Qawali was born to a Sunni Kurdish family from Tuz Khurmatu, Saladin Governorate. He came from a poor background, and lived by a river which he would draw water from and transport with his tractor to other areas to earn an income. He was described as a calm individual, and reportedly held ties to Mullah Krekar an Islamist cleric and founder of Ansar al-Islam. Qawali was also a member the Kurdistan Democratic Party and a supporter of Masoud Barzani as well as a volunteer of its armed branch Peshmerga, and carried out attacks with his supporters against Iraqi government forces and allied paramilitary groups by riding horses, motorcycles and 4-wheel drive vehicles and launching the attacks from the Hamrin Mountains. Between 2015 and 2016 he participated in riots in Tuz Khurmato and allegedly burned down houses belonging to Shia Iraqi Turkmen.

### Militant activity

In April 2016 he took part in clashes against Iraqi Security Forces, and Kurdish media outlets showed photos of him removing the flag of Kata'ib Hezbollah afterwards. During the break out of fighting between Iraq's government and Kurdish forces in October 2017, he attacked the Popular Mobilization Forces headquarters in Tuz Khurmato after the arrival of the Iraqi Army in the town. In December 2017, he reportedly established the White Flags, and led the group in firing mortars and rockets at Turkmen PMF positions in Tuz Khurmato which Iraqi security forces claim to have resulted in the death of two civilians and the injury of several others.
In an interview with the Saudi-based Arab News, an associate of Qawali, a Peshmerga commander, said regarding him "Sheikh Mujahid Assi is leading an armed group in Tuz Khurmatu as a part of the Kurdish popular resistance against the Shiite terrorist militias", and attributed rocket attacks in the town to Qawali. He and the White Flags had also been accused of executing truck drivers on a road between Baghdad and Kirkuk, by Iraqi media.
In response to the attacks attributed to Qawali, the mayor of Tuz Khurmato said regarding him and the group he reportedly leads, “These are extremist groups who were oppressed and prevented (by the Kurdish authorities) from working before,” adding “They are Kurdish militants (and are) joined by Daesh (ISIL) militants who fled the neighboring areas,” and “They are sleeper cells that were waiting for the right time and place to resume their activities.”
On 28 December 2017, he was reportedly arrested by Iraqi security forces along with members of the White Flags for firing rockets and mortars at Turkmen Popular Mobilization Forces command centers in Kirkuk.
# Marietta Tuena

Marietta Tuena Sangri (November 12, 1935 – February 3, 2023) was a Mexican physician, professor, biochemist and researcher. She is a member of the National System of Researchers. She currently works at the Instituto de Fisiologia Celular as an Emeritus Researcher. A scientist Emeritus is a special designation that is given to distinguished scientists that want to retire but still maintain a working relationship with National Institute of Health.

## Career

Tuena attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and graduated in 1960 with a degree in medicine. She would go on to earn a doctorate in biochemistry from the same university alongside her husband, Armando Gómez Puyou. She was part of an academic group that led to the founding of the Institute of Cellular Physiology at UNAM. She was a professor of biochemistry at the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the UNAM and the Institute of Neurology. She was head of the Teaching Coordination in the Department of Biochemistry of the Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM, professor at Johns Hopkins University, at the Federal Technical University of Zurich, Switzerland; at the State University of Campinas, Brazil; at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and at the Nencki Institute for Experimental Biology, and at the Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University.
She published more than 150 scientific articles and in 1995 she was named Researcher Emerita of the Institute of Cellular Physiology.
In 1989, she was given the National University Award by her alma mater for her research and accomplishments in the natural sciences.

## Works

* de Gómez-Puyou, M. Tuena; Gómez-Puyou, A. (1998). "Enzymes in Low Water Systems". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 33 (1). Informa UK Limited: 53–89. doi:10.1080/10409239891204170. ISSN 1040-9238. PMID 9543628.
* Perez-Montfort, Ruy; de Gomez-Puyou, Marietta; Gomez-Puyou, Armando (2002-05-01). "The Interfaces of Oligomeric Proteins as Targets for Drug Design against Enzymes from Parasites". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 2 (5). Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.: 457–470. doi:10.2174/1568026024607454. ISSN 1568-0266. PMID 11966467.
* López-Pérez, Edgar; de Gómez-Puyou, Marietta Tuena; Nuñez, Concepción José; Zapién, Denise Martínez; Guardado, Salomón Alas; Beltrán, Hiram Isaac; Pérez-Hernández, Gerardo (2023). "Ordered-domain unfolding of thermophilic isolated β subunit ATP synthase". Protein Science. 32 (7): e4689. doi:10.1002/pro.4689. ISSN 0961-8368. PMC 10273367. PMID 37252686.
# Jugureni

Jugureni is a commune in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Boboci, Jugureni, Trusctienii, Marginea Pădurii, and Valea Unghiului.
# Acanthophoenix

Acanthophoenix is a genus of flowering plants in the palm family from the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean, where they are commonly called palmiste rouge. A genus long in flux, three species are currently recognized, though unsustainable levels of harvesting for their edible palm hearts have brought them all to near extinction in habitat. They are closely related to the Tectiphiala and Deckenia genera, differing in the shape of the staminate flower. The name combines the Greek words for "thorn" and "date palm".

## Description

The solitary trunks are robust and conspicuously ringed, sparsely armed in youth, with a slightly swollen base. The tubular leaf bases wrap the trunk, forming a 60 – 90 cm crownshaft covered in hairy tomentum and spines. The leaves are pinnate, 2 m long, and borne on a tomentose petiole, sparsely to densely spiny. The leaflets emerge from the hairy rachis in a flat plane, dark green above and lighter below, to 30 cm long, once-folded with a red or yellow, toothed midrib.
The species are monoecious. inflorescence sprouts at the crownshaft base, branched to two orders with a short, winged, tomentose peduncle, colored brown and bearing spines. There is a single peduncular bract, the rachis long, often spiny, bearing ivory to red rachillae. The flowers are spirally arranged on first order rachillae, subtended by triangular bracts, with pairs or single staminate flowers on the tips; the branchlets elongate and become green in fruit.
The staminate flowers are asymmetrical, white to cream to red, the three sepals are short and imbricate, while the three valvate petals are three or four times as long. There are up to twelve stamens, exserted at antithesis, on elongated, slender to wide filaments. The anthers are dorsifixed, linear and basally sagittate; the pollen is monosulcate and elliptic with tectate, reticulate exine. The pistillate flowers are ovoid with three broad, imbricate sepals and as many valvate petals. There may be up to nine tooth-like staminodes or none at all; gynoecium uniocular and ovoid with broad, pendulous stigmas. The fruit is ellipsoidal to subglobose, maturing to black, with a thin endocarp, carrying one seed. The seed is round with homogeneous endosperm and a basal embryo.

## Distribution and habitat

They are restricted to Mauritius and Réunion though the populations have been so disturbed that their ecology is poorly known. Because the islands were volcanically formed, the palms are often found on sloping terrain from sea level to 1350 meters. They are cultivated around the world.

## Species

| Binomial name | Common name | Distribution |
| Acanthophoenix crinita | White Barbel Palm | Reunion |
| Acanthophoenix rousselii | Palmiste de Roussel | Reunion |
| Acanthophoenix rubra | Barbel Palm, Palmiste Rouge | Reunion, Mauritius |
# David L. Holmes

David L. Holmes (August 28, 1932 – April 29, 2023) was an American church historian. He was Walter G. Mason Professor of Religious Studies at the College of William and Mary. He was married to Carolyn Coggin Holmes, executive director of James Monroe's Highland from 1975 to 2012. They had two daughters.

## Education

Holmes held degrees in English from Michigan State and Columbia universities and master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Religious Studies from Princeton University. He also studied theology at Duke University Divinity School and received honorary doctorates from Lycoming and Hood colleges. He served as an enlisted man and officer in the United States Army.

## Early career

Before joining the William & Mary faculty, Holmes taught English for several years at Carnegie Mellon University. Over the years, he has also taught on multiple occasions as a visiting professor of religious studies at the University of Virginia.

## William & Mary

At William & Mary, Holmes received the Society of Alumni Teaching Award, the Thomas A. Graves Award for Sustained Excellence in Teaching, the Seven Society Award, the Outstanding Faculty Award of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the Thomas Jefferson Award. The latter is the highest honor given by Jefferson’s alma mater to an administrator or professor. Lisa Birnbach’s The College Book: A Preppy Guide to American Colleges named Holmes as one of the three best classroom teachers at William & Mary. Holmes revived the Bishop Madison Society (founded 1812), the Skull and Bones of William & Mary.
Holmes wrote the academic best-seller, A Brief History of the Episcopal Church (1993), the best-selling The Faiths of the Founding Fathers (2006), and the highly regarded The Faiths of the Postwar Presidents: From Truman to Obama (2012). He also wrote Glimpses of a Public Ivy: Fifty Years at William & Mary (2022) (hardcover published by Schiffer Publishing). Upon his retirement he was named Walter G. Mason Professor of Religious Studies, emeritus.

## Retirement

Known even after retiring for his polished lecturing style and ability to engage audiences, Holmes spoke extensively to public libraries, adult education classes, and church and synagogue groups. He lectured at such colleges and universities as Lafayette, Michigan, Washington & Jefferson, Rhodes, DePaul, Grove City, Kent State, Furman, and Samford. He was invited to speak at the libraries or homes of Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Franklin Roosevelt, Ford, and Carter. Research libraries at which he spoke include the Clements and the Newberry.
Upon his retirement, Holmes’s former students established the David L. Holmes Reformation Studies and American Religious History Endowment to honor "his tenure and 46 years of intellectual legacy at the College [of William & Mary]."
# Caballeros de Culiacán

Caballeros de Culiacán (Culiacán Knights) is a professional basketball club based in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. The team currently plays in the Circuito de Baloncesto de la Costa del Pacífico (CIBACOPA). In the past the team played in the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP).

## Notable players

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
* Criteria
* To appear in this section a player must have either:
* Set a club record or won an individual award while at the club
* Played at least one official international match for their national team at any time
* Played at least one official NBA match at any time.
* Víctor Ávila
* Israel Gutiérrez
* Horacio Llamas
* David Meza
* Adrián Zamora
* Josimar Ayarza
* Jarron Cumberland
* Tim Quarterman
* Kenny Satterfield

## Logos

* Former primary logo

## Players
### Current roster

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.
# Garristown GAA

Garristown GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in based in Garristown in the north of County Dublin.
The club fields teams at adult and juvenile level in both women's and men's football.

## Background

Garristown, a small local GAA club, was founded in 1938. It has played at John McDonnell Memorial Park since its formation. The club compete in the Dublin GAA Football leagues and Championship in both men's and women's football. The club has has some successes in both codes, including Dublin Intermediate Championship wins in 1970, 1982 and 1999, Dublin Junior Championship wins in 1965 and 2022 and Dublin Ladies Championship wins in 2015 and 2017.
The clubs boy's juvenile section are part of the amalgamated St Peters teams with fellow local clubs Ballyboughil and Clann Mhuire. This amalgamation has proved a success, with several St Peters teams playing in the top divisions in Dublin.

## Honours

Men's
* Dublin Intermediate Football Championship: (3) 1970, 1982, 1999
* Dublin Junior Football Championship: (2) 1965, 2022
* Dublin AFL Division 5 (1): 2024
* Dublin AFL Division 6 (1): 2023
* Dublin AFL Division 7 (1): 2022
* Dublin AFL Division 8 (1): 2019
Ladies
* Dublin Junior G Ladies Football Championship (1): 2015
# The Negro Farmer

The Negro Farmer: Extension Work for Better Farming and Better Living is a 1938 educational film made by the United States Department of Agriculture with assistance from the Tuskegee Institute. It features music, entitled "Negro Melodies", from the Tuskegee Institute Choir directed by African American composer William L. Dawson. Through commentary from a white male narrator using racial innuendo implying African American inferiority in farming practices, the film is a condescending, "paternalistic portrait of black rural life", intended to "halt a mass migration to the urban north by black people".
With a 23-minute runtime, the film features Redoshi (c. 1848 – 1937) (renamed Sally Smith by her enslaver, Washington Smith), a West African woman taken to Dallas County, Alabama in 1860. Redoshi is considered one of the two last surviving victims of the transatlantic slave trade.
The film is held by the Library of Congress. It was part of a U.S. governmental effort to promote agricultural improvements guided by the USDA's guidance, emphasizing that "blacks should stay on Southern farms".

## Crew

* Raymond Evans - Director, producer. Directed Poor Mrs. Jones! (1926) and Hemp for Victory (1943)
* George G. Farrington - Narrator
# Chang Chih-chia

Chang Chih-chia (Chinese: 張誌家; pinyin: Zhāng Zhìjiā; 6 May 1980 – 1 January 2024) was a Taiwanese baseball player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics and in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Career

Chang pitched professionally with the Seibu Lions of Nippon Professional Baseball and the La New Bears of the Chinese Professional Baseball League. Chang signed with the Seibu Lions after pitching in the 2001 Baseball World Cup, during which he pitched to a 4–0 win–loss record, a 0.36 ERA and 26 strikeouts in 25+1⁄3 innings. Chang's NPB contract included a signing bonus of ¥120 million (US$845,885), the largest signing bonus given to a Taiwanese NPB player. Chang pitched for the Lions from 2002 to 2004, and produced a 26–19 record, 352 strikeouts and a 3.81 ERA. During the 2002 NPB season, Chang set a league record by recording strikeouts in 28 consecutive innings. This record was later broken by Dennis Sarfate in 2015. Chang made his final NBP appearances in the 2004 season, and spent the rest of his Japanese baseball career in the minor leagues for injury rehabilitation, and was subsequently released in 2006. After recovering from his injuries, Chang returned to Taiwan to pitch for the Chinese Professional Baseball League's La New Bears from 2008 to 2009. He was linked to the 2009 Chinese Professional Baseball League scandal [zh], and banned from the league later that season. Match-fixing allegations resulted in legal action against Chang. In 2014, the Taiwan High Court commuted Chang's four-month prison sentence to a NT$120,000 fine.

## Personal life

Following the end of his baseball career, Chang found work in Taichung as a chef, and also played golf. Chang died in Shenzhen, China, where he was playing softball, of a heart attack on 1 January 2024. He was 43.