# Industri Kereta Api

PT Industri Kereta Api (Persero), abbreviated as INKA, is an Indonesian state-owned rolling stock manufacturer.

## History

INKA Ltd was established in by the Indonesian government in May 1981 to serve as the national rail locomotive and rolling stock manufacturer for the Indonesian Railway Company (PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)) in its revenue lines in the islands of Java and Sumatra and to manage the steam locomotive PJKA in Madiun which was planned to be converted into a railway infrastructure factory. Its first Madiun Locomotive Plant was converted from a former PJKA steam locomotive overhaul facility. Under Suharto's presidency, INKA was initiated as part of the national strategic industry, as the basis of a national rail production industry.
On August 29, 1981, PJKA officially transferred the management of the workshop to this company. A year later, the company started producing carriages, and in 1985, the company also started producing trains. In 1987, for the first time, the company assembled KRL. In 1991, for the first time, the company also exported Freight cars to Malaysia. In 1994, the company started producing KRL. In 1996, through a joint venture with General Electric, the company produced locomotives for the first time and exported them to Philippines. In 1998, the company exported kricak cars to Thailand.
In 2001, the company launched its first KRL product. In 2004, the company exported car bodies to Australia. In 2006, the company exported 50 train units to Bangladesh. In 2007, the company signed a production contract for KRDE to be operated in Aceh and Railbus to be operated in Palembang. In 2015, the company launched a train air cooler product under the I-COND brand. In 2016, the company exported 150 train units to Bangladesh. In 2017, the company launched a commuter line to be operated at Soekarno-Hatta Airport.
In 2018, the company launched an LRT to be operated in Palembang. In 2019, the company successfully completed the production of the first LRT Jabodebek series. The company also launched an electric bus under the brand name E-Inobus. The company also launched an electric bus under the brand name E-Inobus.
In November 2024, PT INKA (Persero) (INKA) in collaboration with the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) will conduct a battery-powered autonomous tram trial on Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta. This activity is part of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based autonomous system development project by the ITB research team, which is applied to INKA-made trams with funding support from the Education Fund Management Institute (LPDP).
This autonomous tram is designed to operate automatically in mixed traffic environments. Various sensors such as cameras, radar, LiDAR, and GNSS are installed to detect objects in the vicinity, both in sunny and rainy weather conditions. The information captured by these sensors is processed by artificial intelligence (AI) through embedded computing devices, which allows the tram to make decisions independently. The tram is driven by an electric motor supported by a 200 kWh battery, which can travel up to 90 km on a single charge.

## Profile

INKA has produced or refurbished every batch of KAI's passenger cars, excluding multiple units, since 1985. Its production of multiple units began in 1987 when it assembled Rheostatik EMUs from Japan. Since then, INKA has utilized lightweight stainless steel car bodies and modern AC traction control with VVVF inverters (formerly GTO, now IGBT) for EMU production. INKA started producing multiple diesel units in 2007 with orders from the Ministry of Transportation for regional and commuter trains. INKA has supplied various freight wagons to KAI, most notably the coal transport wagons supporting the coal mining industry in Ombilin (West Sumatra) and South Sumatra.
In 2019 PT INKA cooperated with PT Len Industri, PT Wijaya Karya, and PT Kereta Api Indonesia to collaborate on business development by forming a consortium of Indonesian Railways Development Incorporated for Africa (IRDIA).
In addition, INKA Ltd has, together with KAI, established cooperation with Swiss rolling stock manufacture, Stadler Rail established a joint venture to build a rolling stock factory that has specialized facilities for rolling stock crash test and tilt/roll-over test following the International Union of Railways (UIC) standards in Banyuwangi, East Java. This cooperation was intended to assist the Indonesian government in developing the Indonesian transportation system.

## Products
### Railway rolling stocks

INKA has been producing locomotives, trainsets, railcars and multiple units. Some products have been exported to foreign countries. Some INKA rolling stock projects:
* 1982 – Enclosed boxcar for PJKA
* 1985 – 1985 batch PJKA Ekonomi and Executive passenger coaches
* 1987 – Rheostatic ED101 EMU, 1987 batch (in cooperation with Japanese consortium led by Nippon Sharyo)
* 1991 – Freight wagons for KTMB
* 1994 – VVVF-GTO EA101 series EMU, in cooperation with BN-Holec
* 1995 – Argo Bromo and Argo Gede class trainsets
* 1996 – CC203 locomotive, in cooperation with GE
* 1997 – Argo Bromo Anggrek trainsets
* 1998 – Ballast Hopper wagon for SRT
* 2001 – EA201 series EMU for KRL Jabotabek
* 2002 – Power station wagon and reefer bogie flat car for KTMB
* 2004 – Container wagon body & blizzard center sills (to Australia)
* 2006 – Bangladesh Railway BG passenger coaches
* 2007 – Kertalaya railbus for South Sumatra provincial government.
* 2008 – MH102 series (Kereta Rel Diesel Indonesia) (for Aceh and Java)
* 2010 – batch Ekonomi AC trainsets for Kemenhub, GE C20EMP locomotives (in cooperation with GE Transportation)
* 2011 – Batara Kresna Railbus and EA202 series EMU
* 2016 – batch KAI executive and economy class coaches and Bangladesh Railway BG and MG coaches
* 2018 – Third rail LRV for Palembang LRT An improved model was produced in 2019 for Jabodebek LRT. EA203 series EMU for Soekarno-Hatta airport rail link
* 2019 – PNR 8000 class DMU
* 2020 – PNR 8100 class DMU and INKA CC300 DHLs (plus 15 PNR 8300 class coaches) to the Philippines
* 2023 – 133 flat wagons for KiwiRail in New Zealand
* 2025 - EA207 Series for KRL Commuterline.

### Automotive industry

In 2008, INKA proposed GEA (short for Gulirkan Energi Alternatif) as a national car. A prototype was created in 2008. In 2009, GEA began using the machinery developed by BPPT, Rusnas, after previously using Chinese machinery. Carburetors are the only imported components in the 2009 prototype.
PT Inka also supplied compressed natural gas-powered (CNG) buses for TransJakarta, mainly known as the name brand Inobus (abbreviated as Innovation Bus). Currently, there are three known product variants:
* Inobus ATC 320 (Articulated Car) (produced year 2011–2012) with Cummins Westport ISL-G 320 HP CNG engine, mated with Voith DIWA 864.3E automatic transmission. 39 units were operated in total, with 21 units operated by Perum DAMRI from 2011 to 2018 and 18 units operated by PT. Bianglala Metropolitan from 2013 to 2016. The main difference between the two is DAMRI operated units used Songz Air Conditioning whilst Bianglala operated units used Denso Air Conditioning.
* Inobus SGL 290 (Single) with Doosan GL11K 290 HP (EPA 2010) CNG Engine, the same engine used in current Zhongtong buses, mated with Allison Transmission T350R automatic. A total of 36 units, should have been operated by Perum PPD.
* Future fleet: Inobus ATC 340 (Articulated Car) with Doosan GL11K 340 HP Euro IV CNG Engine, the same engine used in current Zhongtong buses bus, mated with Voith DIWA 864.5 automatic transmission.
In 2011, INKA produced Kancil, a 404 cc vehicle planned to replace auto-rickshaws. However, it could not develop in his market, because of existing regulations at the time.
In 2022, INKA announced that the two will continue the production of Red and White electric buses after reportedly signing a Cooperation Agreement. The news was announced by ITS Vice Chancellor IV Bambang Pramujati who explained that the two entities will produce five electric buses. He further said that the five electric buses had reached the finishing stage. That way, the Red and White electric bus is ready to be launched in the near future. After that the electric Bus has converted to Trans Metro Pasundan and Trans Semanggi Suroboyo.

## Gallery

* INKA-made Jabodebek LRT rolling stock
* Passenger train using stainless steel metal
* Economy Class
* INKA-built DEMU ME204 series
* INKA-built EMU EA202 series waiting to be Commuter Line Jogja-Solo