OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Lennox Johnston

Lennox Johnston (15 May 1899 – 18 January 1986) was a Glaswegian GP and amateur scientist who pioneered research in the addictiveness of nicotine in the 1930s and campaigned against the harmful effects of smoking. Although initially dismissed, he was fully justified and was honored by the Royal College of Physicians in 1976, where Sir Cyril Clarke likened his contribution to that of the work by Semmelweis on preventing sepsis.

## Early life

Johnston was born in Loanhead, Scotland, just south of Edinburgh. Educated at Ayr Academy and Glasgow University, he graduated MB, ChB in 1921, having served as a medical student in Royal Navy minesweepers in the North Sea during the First World War. He started to smoke at the age of 16 and continued for 12 years. He was married to his wife, Frieda, for 55 years. They had a son, Ivor, and two daughters, Heather and Sandra.

## Career

In a paper published in the Lancet in 1942 titled Tobacco smoking and nicotine, he identified smoking as one of the main causes of lung cancer and effectively became one of the first anti-smoking campaigners by suggesting a total ban on smoking.
His views were based on an experiment of his own device in which he injected himself with heavy doses of nicotine, almost killing himself several times in the process. He subsequently enlisted the help of 35 volunteers and found that they eventually preferred nicotine injections to cigarettes.
In the 1950s, Dr Johnston was refused research funding by the Medical Research Council, and his key paper was rejected by the (pipe-smoking) editor of the British Medical Journal. After storming out of the editorial offices shouting ‘Addict! Addict! Addict!’ he devised a plan to burn down the headquarters of the BMA, on which, according to his memoirs, he reflected ‘many hundreds of time in bed at night’.
He was the president of the National Society of Non-Smokers for many years.
In 1957, he published a short book titled The disease of tobacco smoking and its cure.
# Nick Gargiulo

Nicholas J. Gargiulo (/ɡɑːrˈdʒuːloʊ/ gar-JOO-loh; born July 19, 2000) is an American professional football guard for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Yale Bulldogs and South Carolina Gamecocks and was selected by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 2024 NFL draft.

## Early life

Gargiulo was born on July 19, 2000, in Yorktown Heights, New York. He first played football in third grade and later was a standout at Somers High School, where he was a two-way lineman and also played basketball. At Somers, he won a starting job as a sophomore and helped them win the state championship the next year, being named All-League and All-Section. He received All-State honors as a senior and was chosen the league's most valuable player. He was named to the state's Super 11 and Golden Dozen teams but was a zero-star recruit for college, ultimately committing to play for the FCS Yale Bulldogs.

## College career

Gargiulo redshirted his freshman year at Yale in 2018, playing one game, and then won the starting job at left tackle in the 2019 season. He started all 10 games in the 2019 season, and then missed the 2020 season as it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He broke his fibula and right ankle early on in the 2021 season and missed the rest of the year. He then returned for the 2022 season and was selected team captain, ultimately winning first-team All-Ivy League honors as well as being selected All-New England by the New England Football Writers Association.
Gargiulo opted to play a final season of college football in 2023 and transferred to the South Carolina Gamecocks. He started all 12 games in his lone year with the Gamecocks, the first five at left guard before shifting to center for the rest of the year. Gargiulo was the team captain for South Carolina and received third-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) honors at the end of the year. He finished his collegiate career having started 36 games, totaling 17 at center, 14 at left tackle and five at left guard. He played at the 2024 Hula Bowl and was invited to the NFL Scouting Combine.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables :
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| 6 ft 5+3⁄8 in (1.97 m) | 318 lb (144 kg) | 33+7⁄8 in (0.86 m) | 10+3⁄8 in (0.26 m) | 5.25 s | 1.78 s | 3.00 s | 4.65 s | 7.33 s | 32.5 in (0.83 m) | 8 ft 5 in (2.57 m) | 28 reps |
| All values from NFL Scouting Combine/Pro Day ||||||||||||
Gargiulo was selected by the Denver Broncos in the seventh round of the 2024 NFL draft with the second-to-last pick (256th overall), becoming the first athlete from Somers High School ever to be drafted by an NFL team.
On August 27, 2024, Gargiulo was waived by the Broncos during their final roster cuts. The next day, he was re-signed to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 13, 2025.
# Rodman W. Paul

Rodman Wilson Paul (November 6, 1912 – May 15, 1987) was an American historian who taught at the California Institute of Technology. He was known primarily as a foremost authority on California mining and agricultural Native American history.

## Life and career

Paul was born in Philadelphia and raised near Boston, Massachusetts. He received his AB (1936), AM (1937) and PhD (1943) from Harvard. His PhD adviser at Harvard was Frederick Merk. From 1943 to 1946 he served in the Navy Reserve. In 1947 he went to Caltech. His choice for going there was partly based on an interest he developed in the history of the far West after a trip he took to Arizona to recuperate from an illness. He eventually became the Edward S. Harkness Professor of History. After retirement in 1972, he continued work as a researcher at the Huntington Library. he died in 1987 at age 74
Paul wrote many books and articles, and was recognized with several awards including the 1984 Henry R. Wagner Memorial Award. He earned the Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities award and he was a fellow of the California Historical Society, served on the board of the Pasadena and Santa Barbara historical societies, and was a member of the NASA Historical Advisory Committee. The Mining History Association's Rodman Paul Award recognizes individuals who have contributed to the understanding of American mining history.
# ASAD Purwakarta F.C.

Asli Sepakbola Anak Desa Purwakarta Football Club (simply known as ASAD Purwakarta; formerly known as ASAD 313 Jaya Perkasa) is a Indonesian football club based in Purwakarta Regency, West Java. They are currently competes in Liga 4 West Java Series 1.

## History

ASAD 313 Jaya Perkasa stands as a football school was founded in 2013 and is managed by Alwi Ahmad. In its development, this club has produced several famous Indonesian footballers, such as the top scorer of the 2023 SEA Games, Fajar Fathur Rahman and several other football players. Since its inception, this club has been under the auspices of the Purwakarta Regency Education Office and is facilitated by a dormitory located in the SKB Purwakarta area.
In 2024, the club changed its name to ASAD Purwakarta Football Club. Just like the initial intention of its founding, this club focuses on youth competitions, some of the competitions it participates in include the Liga TopSkor and the Soeratin Cup. At the senior level, the team played in the Liga 3 West Java Series 2, successfully promoted to 2024–25 Liga 4 West Java Series 1. ASAD Purwakarta is one of 6 representatives from West Java in the national phase of Liga 4 in the 2024–25 season.

## Sponsors

* ENEF Apparel
* Polres Purwakarta
* APDESI Kabupaten Purwakarta
* APINDO
* Indomaret
* Sate Maranggi Haji Yetty

## Honours

* Liga 3 West Java Series 2
** (1):
# Canada at the 2026 Winter Olympics

Canada will compete at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 6 to 22 February 2026.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| Alpine skiing | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Cross-country skiing | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Ice hockey | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| Total | 27 | 25 | 52 |

## Alpine skiing

Canada has qualified one female and one male alpine skier through the basic quota so far.

## Cross-country skiing

Canada has qualified one female and one male cross-country skier through the basic quota so far.

## Ice hockey

Canada qualified 25 male and 23 female competitors in hockey, for a total of 48 athletes.

### Summary

Key:
* OT – Overtime
* GWS – Match decided by penalty-shootout
| Team | Event | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Group stage | Qualification playoff | Quarterfinal | Semifinal | Final / BM | Final / BM |
| Team | Event | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Rank | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Opposition Score | Rank |
| Canada men's | Men's tournament | | | | — | | | | | | |
| Canada women's | Women's tournament | | | | | | — | | | | |

### Men's tournament

Canada men's national ice hockey team qualified a team of 25 players by finishing 6th in the 2023 IIHF World Ranking.

### Women's tournament

Canada women's national ice hockey team qualified a team of 23 players by finishing 1st in the 2024 IIHF World Ranking.
# Great American Total Solar Eclipse

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#redirect Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
# Edward Stevenson Browne

Brigadier general Edward Stevenson Browne, VC, CB (23 December 1852 – 16 July 1907) was a British Army officer, and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

## Early career

Browne was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 24th Regiment of Foot (later The South Wales Borderers) on 23 September 1871, and promoted to lieutenant on 28 October 1871.

## Victoria Cross details

He was 26 years old, and a lieutenant in the 1st Battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot during the Anglo-Zulu War when the following deed took place on 29 March 1879 at the battle of Hlobane, South Africa for which he was awarded the VC:
   For his gallant conduct, on the 29th March, 1879, when the Mounted Infantry were being driven in by the enemy at Inhlobana, in galloping back and twice assisting on his horse (under heavy fire and within a few yards of the enemy) one of the mounted men, who must otherwise have fallen into the enemy's hands.

## Later career

Browne was promoted to captain on 19 May 1880, to major on 2 November 1885, to lieutenant-colonel on 8 April 1893, and to colonel on 8 April 1897. He was in command of the South Wales Borderers Regimental District until 4 March 1900, when he was appointed an Assistant Adjutant General of the North-Eastern District, stationed at York. He went on to be General Officer Commanding North Eastern District (with the temporary rank of brigadier-general) from 4 September 1902, before retiring in November 1903 with the substantive rank of brigadier-general. He also commanded the West-Yorkshire Volunteer Brigade, and in December 1902 was appointed to the Honorary Colonelcy of the 2nd volunteer battalion (Bradford Rifles) of The Prince of Wales Own Regiment of Yorkshire.

## The medal

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh, Brecon, Powys, Wales.
# William Fuller (baseball)

William Fuller (August 2, 1889 – death date unknown) was an American Negro league second baseman in the 1910s.
A native of New York, New York, Fuller made his Negro leagues debut in 1915 with the Cuban Giants. He went on to play for the Bacharach Giants and Hilldale Club.
# Tallinnfilm

Tallinnfilm (Russian: Таллинфильм) is the oldest surviving film studio in Estonia. It was founded as Estonian Culture Film in 1931, and was nationalized in 1940 after Estonia was integrated into the Soviet Union. During the first year of Soviet occcupation (1940–1941) Eesti Kultuurfilm was taken over by the Communist Party and renamed Kinokroonika Eesti Stuudio (the Estonian Newsreel Studio). In 1942 during the German occupation the studio was renamed Kinokroonika Tallinna Stuudio (the Tallinn Newsreel Studio) and then renamed again as Tallinna Kinostuudio (the Tallinn Film Studio) in 1947 by the Soviets. The Tallinn Film Studio was renamed Kunstiliste ja Kroonikafilmide Tallinna Kinostuudio (Tallinn Feature and Newsreel Film Studio) in 1954 and in 1963 was renamed again Tallinnfilm.
During the Soviet era, the studio was the only major movie production house in Estonia, responsible for almost all feature-length movies of the time. (Most of the rest were produced by Eesti Televisioon.)
The most notable feature film produced by Tallinnfilm during the Soviet era was Viimne reliikvia (The Last Relic), released in 1969 by Tallinnfilm. The movie set the absolute box office record for the entire Soviet Union at the time by selling 44.9 million tickets. It was distributed by the Soviet film export internationally in more than 60 countries. Spring (1969) (Estonian: Kevade), directed by Arvo Kruusement, sold 558,000 tickets in Estonia (total population 1.34 million) and in 1971 8,100,000 in Soviet Union.
After Estonia regained independence in 1991, Tallinnfilm terminated its production activities and concentrated on the restoration of its film stock and film distribution. Since 2004 Tallinnfilm has acted as an art-house cinema operator. The owner of Tallinnfilm is the Estonian Film Foundation.

## Joonisfilm

In 1971, the animation studio (Joonisfilm) was founded by Rein Raamat at Tallinnfilm being one of the Tallinfilm's division.
# Al-Ghassaniyah, Lebanon

Al-Ghassaniyah (الغسانية) is a municipality in southern Lebanon with a population of about 8000 . It is 14 kilometres southeast of Sidon, bordered by Kawatria Al Sayyad to the east, Al Babebliah to the west, Kakyiat Sanawbar to the northwest, and Khartoum to the southeast. The name of the town, Al-Ghassaniyah, is derived from the clan of Alghassasina.

## History

In 1875, during the end of the Ottoman era, Victor Guérin travelled in the area and noted the village (which he called Rhassanieh), situated on a dominating position on the northern bank of a wadi. It was inhabited by the Metualis.

## Economy

The town of Al-Ghassaniyah was originally an industrial town, manufacturing brooms and brushes for the Lebanese market. Immigration started in the 19th century and intensified during World War I, with a group of young men emigrating to Latin America to escape conscription in the Ottoman empire army.
This emigration continued through the 20th century and again intensified during the 1940s and 1950s, this time to West Africa, where the immigrants engaged in trade and industry.
In a second wave of immigration, many returned to Lebanon, some temporarily and some permanently, to join the booming construction business. Al-Ghassaniyah companies were involved in commercial and residential construction in Beirut and its suburbs for more than 60 years.
The third wave of emigration was focussed mainly on education in Europe, Canada, and the US. Today, a large group of engineers, medical doctors, and management professionals in ISO and other international standards are involved in spreading a culture of knowledge and continuous development.

### Modern era

On 7 August 2006, during the 2006 Lebanon War, Israeli war planes killed seven people in the village.

## Demographics

In 2014, Muslims made up 99.26% of registered voters in Al-Ghassaniyah. 98.18% of the voters were Shiite Muslims.
# Sandy Creek (Apple Creek tributary)

Sandy Creek is a stream in northwest Cape Girardeau County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Little Apple Creek which flows into Apple Creek approximately one mile to the northeast.
The stream headwaters arise just north of Friedheim (at 37°34′42″N 89°49′14″W﻿ / ﻿37.57833°N 89.82056°W﻿ / 37.57833; -89.82056) and it flows southeast and east passing under Missouri Route KK twice then passing north of Arnsberg to its confluence with Little Apple Creek one-half mile west of I-55 (at 37°34′32″N 89°46′19″W﻿ / ﻿37.57556°N 89.77194°W﻿ / 37.57556; -89.77194).
Sandy Creek was so named due to the abundant sand along its course.
# Speed skating at the 1996 Asian Winter Games – Men's 5000 metres

The men's 5000 metres at the 1996 Asian Winter Games was held on 5 February 1996 in Harbin, China.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows.
| World Record | Johann Olav Koss (NOR) | 6:34.96 | Hamar, Norway | 13 February 1994 |
| Games Record | Kazuhiro Sato (JPN) | 7:16.98 | Sapporo, Japan | 10 March 1990 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| | Mitsuru Watanabe (JPN) | 7:03.99 | GR |
| | Daigo Miyaki (JPN) | 7:05.83 | |
| | Yevgeniy Sanarov (KAZ) | 7:06.21 | |
| 4 | Shigekazu Nemoto (JPN) | 7:08.72 | |
| 5 | Sergey Tsybenko (KAZ) | 7:10.48 | |
| 6 | Choi Jae-bong (KOR) | 7:14.41 | |
| 7 | Radik Bikchentayev (KAZ) | 7:14.84 | |
| 8 | Wan Chunbo (CHN) | 7:15.11 | |
| 9 | Nyamdondovyn Ganbold (MGL) | 7:29.61 | |
| 10 | Liu Yanfei (CHN) | 7:29.80 | |
| 11 | Feng Qingbo (CHN) | 7:31.29 | |
| 12 | Jeong Seong-hyeon (KOR) | 7:50.79 | |
# Savella Stechishin

Savella Stechishin, CM SOM, née Wawryniuk (August 19, 1903 – April 22, 2002), was a Ukrainian-Canadian home economist and writer, recipient of the Order of Canada. She has been described as "an ethnocultural social maternal feminist" (Ostryzniuk, 1999).

## Biography

Stechishin was born in Tudorkovychi, Austrian Galicia (today in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine), and her family emigrated to Canada when she was nine in 1913, settling in Krydor, Saskatchewan. The Ukrainian diaspora is a large one, and her family formed part of a wave that became one of Canada's largest ethnic communities.
At age 17 she married Julian Stechyshyn, rector of the St. Petro Mohyla Institute student residence in Saskatoon and brother of Myroslaw Stechishin, and later bore three children, Anatole, Myron, and Zenia. She completed high school and teachers' college, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree specializing in home economics from the University of Saskatchewan in 1930, the first Ukrainian woman to receive a degree there.
While studying, she was also the Dean of Women at the St Petro Mohyla Institute, where she organized evening courses in cooking and homemaking, and the culture and cuisine of her homeland, and public speaking for young women. Later, she taught in public schools and lectured in Ukrainian language and in the Department of Women's Services at the University of Saskatchewan, as well as running outreach programs for Ukrainian immigrants. She also lectured around North America and in Western Ukraine (Polish Galicia) before it was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939.
She helped establish the Ukrainian Women's Association of Canada in 1926, and the Ukrainian Museum of Canada in 1936.
For over 25 years, she was editor of the women's page and columnist for the Winnipeg-based Ukrainian Voice weekly (Ukrayins’kyy Holos). She also contributed to other Ukrainian women's publications in North America and Western Ukraine, and wrote for the Canadian Consumer Information Service during the Second World War.
Shechishin's most prominent book is the English-language Traditional Ukrainian Cookery (1957), which saw its eighteenth reprinting in 1995 and has sold 80,000 copies. Her other books are in Ukrainian: Art Treasures of Ukrainian Embroidery (1950), and a 50th anniversary book for the Saskatoon branch of the Ukrainian Women's Association (1975). She assisted her husband, Julian Stechishin, with a Ukrainian Grammar (1951), and completed his History of Ukrainian Settlement in Canada (1971) after his death—an English translation was published in 1992.

## Awards

Savella Stechishin was awarded many honours. Most notably, she was appointed to the Order of Canada on April 20, 1989, and the Saskatchewan Order of Merit in 1998.
# Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad

Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, a Kolkata-based literary organization was founded on 1975 by Sitaram Seksaria and Bhagirat H Kanodia with the aim of promoting Indian languages. It works for the development of Indian literature through publication of books on literature and implementation of various literary projects. It honors Indian writers for the contribution to Indian literature through their respective languages. The award consists of cash prize 1 lakh, a memento and a shawl.

## Award Recipients

List of recipients, year, and work :
| Year | Recipient |
| 1985 | Shakti Dan Kaviya |
| 2000 | Binda Karandikar (Marathi), Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo (Oriya), M. Leelavathy (Malayalam), Vasireddy Seethadevi (Telugu), Surjit Patar (Punjabi), Nilmani Phukan (Assamese). |
| 2012–2013 | Lakshmi Nandan Bora (Assamese), Kasinath Singha (Hindi), Mohanjit (Panjabi), Ashokamitran (Tamil) |
| 2008–2009 | Arun Sadhu(Marathi), Vairamuthu (Tamil) |
| 2018 | Maalan Narayanan |
* Nabaneeta Dev Sen
* Tilottoma Misra was awarded the Ishan Puraskar for her novel Swarnalata in 1995.
# Aliza

Aliza (Hebrew: עֲלִיזָה) is a feminine given name, meaning "joyful" in Hebrew. It has been used as a translation of the Yiddish name Freyde. Notable people with the name include:
* Aliza Begin (1920–1982), wife of Prime Minister Menachem Begin
* Aliza Bin-Noun, Israeli diplomat
* Aliza Green, American chef and writer
* Aliza Greenblatt (1888–1975), American poet
* Aliza Gur, American actress
* Aliza Lavie (born 1964), Israeli academic and politician
* Aliza Olmert (born 1946), Israeli artist, photographer, writer and social worker
* Aliza Sherman, American writer
* Aliza Vellani (born 1991), Canadian actress